</ref> On November 15,\",\n \"Ballantyne's fire On 18 November 1947, a fire engulfed Ballantynes department store in central Christchurch, New Zealand. 41 people died in the blaze; all were employees who found themselves trapped by the fire or were overcome by smoke while evacuating the store complex without a fire alarm or evacuation plan. It remains the deadliest fire in New Zealand history. Ballantynes is a Christchurch department store that traces its origins back to a millinery and drapery business that began in the front room of a Cashel Street residence in 1854. After being named \\\"Dunstable House\\\" and going through a couple of\",\n \"William Redgrave called it \\\"by far the greatest loss\\\" of the fire, but it was initially not mentioned in news reports, until publicised by the campaigning art group the Stuckists on their web site (billed as a \\\"world exclusive\\\"). Five days before the fire, the family had paid £5,508 in back fees. Remarkably, although the left hand side of the triptych was completely destroyed, the sculptor's son, Christopher Redgrave, was able to personally retrieve, in two trips, at least 30 of the 228 figures in good shape – about a third of the central panel, as well as other fragments, though cutting\",\n \"Pragati Maidan Pragati Maidan (, literally \\\"progress grounds\\\") is a venue for large exhibitions and conventions in New Delhi. It is having an area of nearly 150 acres (more than 625,000 square metres of exhibition space, was the biggest exhibition center in Delhi'. It is owned, operated, controlled and managed by India Trade Promotion Organization (ITPO), the trade promotion agency of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt. of India. It was demolished in April 2017. The overall layout and project was designed by architect Raj Rewal . It was inaugurated on 3 November 1972 by then Prime Minister Indira\",\n \"Up in Smoke They share a large joint, which Man says is made with \\\"mostly Maui wowie\\\" and \\\"Labrador\\\" (essentially dog feces, as his dog, a Labrador Retriever, had eaten his stash). Police find their car parked on a traffic median with them in it, discover that they are clearly stoned and arrest them. At trial, the pair are released on a technicality after Anthony discovers that the judge is drinking vodka. In an attempt to procure marijuana, they visit Pedro's cousin Strawberry, a Vietnam War veteran. Strawberry's nickname is derived from the large birthmark on his face and neck. Pedro tells Man\",\n \"Palace of Whitehall The Palace of Whitehall (or Palace of White Hall) at Westminster, Middlesex, was the main residence of the English monarchs from 1530 until 1698, when most of its structures, except for Inigo Jones's Banqueting House of 1622, were destroyed by fire. It had at one time been the largest palace in Europe, with more than 1,500 rooms, overtaking the Vatican, before itself being overtaken by the expanding Palace of Versailles, which was to reach 2,400 rooms. The palace gives its name, Whitehall, to the street on which many of the current administrative buildings of the present-day British\",\n \"Evacuee Trust Property Board Temples, one of the most sacred Hindu place of worship in Pakistan, based on media reports that cement factories in the vicinity were draw ground water resulting in drying up of scared pond at the temple. After finding out that the statues are missing from the temple, court questioned the ETPB if the statues of Lord Rama and Hanuman are with the institution or had been sold off. In November 2017, Chief Justice Saqib Nisar reprimanded the government for its to protect the temple, one of the Hindu minority’s most revered places of worship. Judge mentioned that that Katas Raj\",\n \"Ballantyne's fire multiple levels by large passageways between the buildings to allow staff and customers to move freely about the store. Ballantynes by the time of the fire was widely known as the queen of department stores in the city. The showrooms, fitting rooms, art gallery and sumptuous tearooms catered to the elite of Canterbury. The business was owned and managed by two brothers and who were of the Ballantyne family. Yet a dignified Italianate facade concealed dangerous secrets. The store's interior partitions had untreated soft wood-fibre linings that had been permitted by the Christchurch City Council contrary to its own bylaws.\",\n \"Maya Sharma and cuts his legs free. When Maya returns, she turns the gas on the stove on and leaves the kitchen, telling Dev that if he believes in reincarnation that maybe next time he would come back as something better and starts a fire in the shop below, leaving them tied up inside a locked room. Soon Jamie Baldwin (Rupert Hill) and Leanne Battersby (Jane Danson) notice the fire and Rita Sullivan (Barbara Knox) calls the fire brigade. Dev breaks the window with the curtain rail, attracting the attention of people below. Ciaran McCarthy (Keith Duffy) and Charlie Stubbs (Bill Ward)\",\n \"Gramercy Park asbestos steam explosion from Con Ed, the major utility company at the time, were repairing a high pressure steam pipe in front of the building when a connecting sleeve burst, releasing hot steam and debris upwards. Laboratory testing afterwards determined that the insulating material contained asbestos, which subsequently led to a large-scale evacuation and cleanup. The release from the explosion, in front of 32 Gramercy Park at the corner of 20th Street and Third Avenue, continued for several hours with debris reaching 18 stories. The pipe was covered with asbestos magnesia block insulation which was pulverized and dispersed with the rising steam cloud.\",\n \"Harrow Court fire found that there was no dry riser outlet on the 14th floor of the building as they were only located on alternate floors. The firefighters connected to the dry riser on the 13th floor, but then to fight the location of the fire, the hose had to pass through firedoors, which were then kept open. This led to the fire to have more oxygen due to the fact that compartmentation was not achieved. The two firefighters died when they got tangled in cable trays which were attached to the ceiling with plastic hooks which melted. The melting of plastic hooks\",\n \"Schenley Park Casino glass windows of nearby Phipps Conservatory. Dense smoke and heavy poisonous ammonia fumes forced firefighters in their horse-drawn equipment to retreat from trying to save the main hall of the building resulting in the fire being declared unmanageable by Pittsburgh Fire Chief, Miles Humphries. At first, many investors were hopeful that the Casino could be rebuilt. However, they later learned that the $400,000 building was only insured for a sum of $50,000-$75,000. The Yale University hockey team was to have played a series of games against Western University of Pennsylvania, Duquesne University and the Keystones the weekend after the fire,\",\n \"Theodore Roosevelt and Mark Twain. The resort declined in popularity in the mid 1880s, and rebranded itself to appeal to lower-income people. In 1938, the main building was destroyed in a landslide although the bar/restaurant, small cabins and the swimming pool stayed open, despite another fire in March 1957, until about 1979. Unocal Corporation dismantled the remains of the resort in 1980. Five of the Geysers facilities were damaged in the Valley Fire of September 2015, suffering \\\"severe\\\" damage to their cooling towers. The main power houses were not damaged. The Geysers is the world's largest geothermal field spanning an\",\n \"Grenfell Tower Inquiry plastic framed windows and new cladding with thermal insulation. A major fire seriously damaged the building on 14 June 2017, causing 72 deaths of the 293 people who were believed to be in the 129-flat tower that night. The inquiry is to determine the causes and recommend changes to minimise the risk of a similar event occurring ever again. A previous catastrophe at the Ronan Point tower block in 1968 also generated an inquiry. Theresa May, the prime minister made a statement to Parliament on 22 June announced a judge led inquiry, saying \\\"No stone will be left unturned by\",\n \"the fire. Harrison Hall Harrison Hall is an academic building on the campus of Miami University housing the Department of Political Science and the Center for Public Management and Regional Affairs. It replaced an earlier building on the site built in 1818 and demolished in 1958. The original building was first named Franklin Hall, and became known as Old Main. It was officially renamed to Harrison Hall in 1931 after the 23rd President of the United States, Benjamin Harrison. On April 29, 1957, the State Department of Industrial Relations condemned any further instructional use of Harrison Hall after a building\",\n \"Cairo fire The Cairo fire (), also known as Black Saturday, was a series of riots that took place on 26 January 1952, marked by the burning and looting of some 750 buildings—retail shops, cafes, cinemas, hotels, restaurants, theatres, nightclubs, and the city's Opera House—in downtown Cairo. The direct trigger of the riots was the killing by British occupation troops of 50 Egyptian auxiliary policemen in the city of Ismaïlia in a one-sided battle a day earlier. The spontaneous anti-British protests that followed these deaths were quickly seized upon by organized elements in the crowd, who burned and ransacked large\",\n \"was offsite, the building caught fire and hundreds could not escape and died. The court wrote: Commonwealth v. Welansky Commonwealth v. Welansky, Supreme Court of Massachusetts, 55 N.E.2d 902 (1944), is a criminal case about the Cocoanut Grove fire that illustrates principles of negligent homicide and reckless homicide in the case where there is not an affirmative act, but a failure to act (omission) when there is a duty of care. Barnett Welansky was found guilty of wanton or reckless homicide in the Cocoanut Grove fire. Welansky maintained and operated the Cocoanut Grove nightclub, knew or should have known that\",\n \"Ocean Isle Beach house fire the Preliminary Report by North Carolina Bureau of Criminal Investigations available online. At the end of the week, the burned-out house stood visible behind a safety fence. Nearby, an aluminum cross made by three area residents and surrounded by seven small crosses, one for each fire victim, was the centerpiece of an impromptu memorial of flowers and other items such as stuffed animals and personal notes of condolences were placed by residents and neighbors of Ocean Isle Beach and the surrounding community. Across North and South Carolina, and in Ohio, funeral and memorial services were held for those who died.\",\n \"\\\"lararium\\\", or shrine to be used in worshiping the \\\"Lares Familiares\\\", or family gods. This shrine contained a marble statuette depicting a satyr carrying fruit. Although records and archaeological experts have confidently confirmed the existence of an upper story in the House of the Tragic Poet, little is known about its specific layout, as it was most likely destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. The house originally contained more than twenty painted and mosaic panels, six of which have been relocated to the National Archaeological Museum in Naples, Italy. These panels were selected for their relation to the Iliad,\",\n \"of $450 million and was at the time regarded as \\\"the most ambitious project of its kind in the United States\\\". In 2010, it was called \\\"an arguably successful mixed-use development\\\". The site was previously a Town and Country Village. On August 19, 2002, during construction, the largest building at Santana Row (Building 7, \\\"Santana Heights\\\") caught fire. The fire eventually caused $130,000,000 in damage, and embers spread to at least 13 apartment buildings, some with wooden roofs, nearly a mile downwind of the shopping center on Moorpark Avenue, across Interstate 280. The main fire spread to five alarms, while\",\n \"Property Group sold Kings Mall in 2011 to Matterhorn Capital, plans were drawn up to demolish the multi-storey car park off Glenthorne Road along with the adjacent West 45 office building off Beadon Road, and replace it with a mixed use development by St George (part of Berkeley Group Holdings), to be called Sovereign Court. The plans include erecting a single building with heights ranging from 4-17 storeys, plus two basement levels, to provide a smaller 700-space replacement public basement car park, new ground floor commercial floorspace and 418 new homes with 53 residential parking spaces and 460 cycle spaces.\",\n \"Woodbine Building Supply fire Families in fifty nearby homes were evacuated and sheltered in buses, and 171 firefighters needed two days to bring the fire under control. The fire caused $4 million in damage and closed Danforth Avenue for several days. John Magno was the President of Woodbine Building Supply, which he co-owned with his brothers Frank and Carlo. John and the store were known for frequent disputes with nearby residents. After the store was destroyed by fire, Magno filed an insurance claim worth $3.5 million. Investigators suspected arson, and based on testimony by Paskalis, Magno and Roks were charged with second-degree murder under\",\n \"The original layout of a Public Bar, Select and the Snug lasted from 1902 until June 1986, when a fire, caused by an electrical fault accidentally started by Jack Duckworth, gutted the pub. After the fire, the original layout was replaced by a single bar. This layout lasted until March 2013 when another fire, started by Karl Munro destroyed The Rovers, killing both Sunita Alahan and Toni Griffiths in the process. The Rovers Return Inn opened in 1902 on the newly built Coronation Street (1902 being Coronation year for Edward VII). It was originally to be called \\\"The Coronation\\\" but\",\n \"1877 Great Fire of Saint John, New Brunswick The Great Fire was an urban fire that devastated much of Saint John, New Brunswick in June 1877. It destroyed two-fifths of the city of Saint John. At 2:30 on the afternoon of June 20, 1877, a spark fell into a bundle of hay in Henry Fairweather's storehouse in the York Point Slip area. Nine hours later the fire had destroyed over and 1,612 structures including eight churches, six banks, fourteen hotels, eleven schooners and four wood boats. The fire had killed approximately 19 people, and injured many more. No photographs exist\",\n \"Colectiv nightclub fire club was coated on the inside with foam that was used for soundproofing. The foam was extremely flammable. In addition, the club did not have fire sprinklers, or a way to shut off the electricity in an emergency. The club had only a single fire extinguisher, which would have been too small for such a fire. At the time of the fire, the club had 300 to 500 people inside; Club Colectiv was only authorized for 80 seats. On 2 November, prosecutors charged the club's owners—Alin Anastasescu, Paul Gancea, and Costin Mincu—with negligent homicide and negligent bodily harm, and detained\",\n \"Simon Barlow Harkishin) and Sunita Alahan (Shobna Gulati) accuse Claire Peacock (Julia Haworth) of negligence. Simon revealed the truth about Aadi's injury after Peter questions him about his erratic behaviour. Peter tells Dev and Sunita the facts, clearing Claire's name. In December 2010, Peter was in the Joinery bar when it exploded and causes part of the viaduct to collapse and a tram comes off the viaduct, crashing into the Corner Shop and The Kabin: the results of the destruction brought down a power line (plunging the street into darkness in the process), destroyed the post box and set No.13 on fire.\",\n \"Great New York City Fire of 1845 damage estimated at the time between $5 million and $10 million. In today's currency, damages would be between $ and $. There were multiple reports of looting during the fire and in its aftermath, both of businesses and private residences. At least two elderly women reported being approached by young men who offered to help them move their belongings from their damaged buildings, only to have their valuables stolen. In the fire's first two hours, it reached a large multi-story warehouse occupied by Crocker & Warren on Broad Street, where a large quantity of combustible saltpeter was stored. When Engine\",\n \"The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons to the public. The first painting, exhibited at the British Institution in February 1835, shows the Houses of Parliament from the upstream side of Westminster Bridge. The buildings on the other side of the river are wreathed in golden flames. The fire is consuming the chamber of the House of Commons in St Stephen's Hall, and illuminating the towers of Westminster Abbey. The fire reflects dull red in the water, with a crowd of spectators in the foreground. To the right of the painting, Westminster Bridge looms like an iceberg, larger than life, but the perspective of the part of\",\n \"Winyah Park the burning building and only two brick chimneys were left standing in the end. Colonel Green estimated his loss at $100,000. The home and the furniture were insured for approximately $35,000. Mrs. Green lost her diamonds and jewellery valued at $10,000. Colonel Green had a large and valuable library as well as several paintings by Corot, Schreyer, and Sontag. One painting which was taken from his mother's home while it was burning, was particularly prized by Col. Green who valued it at $5,000. The mansion which contained thirty-five rooms, originally cost $63,000 and Col. Green had improved it considerably since\",\n \"Finis Alonzo Crutchfield Jr. to report monthly how many members they had gained or lost, how many people came to Sunday school and how many came to the regular Sunday services. He rewarded ministers who made passing grades with congratulatory letters or phone calls. He rewarded those with appointments to more prestigious churches, when the time came. On June 24, 1973, the UpStairs Lounge, a gay bar in New Orleans' French Quarter caught fire and burned. Thirty two people died in the fire, including Reverend Bill Larson, the local minister of the Universal Fellowship of the Metropolitan Community Churches (UFMCC). The lounge had recently\",\n \"Chicago Fire of 1874 The Chicago Fire of 1874 was a conflagration in Chicago, Illinois, that took place on July 14, 1874. Reports of the extent of the damage vary somewhat, but sources generally agree that the fire burned forty-seven acres just south of the Loop, destroyed 812 structures and killed 20 people. The affected neighborhood had been home to Chicago's community of Jewish immigrants from Russia and Poland, as well as to a significant population of middle-class African-American families; both ethnic groups were displaced in the aftermath of the fire to other neighborhoods on the city's West and South\",\n \"at nearby Cullompton Magistrates' Court, one third gave Bradfield House as their address. The once ornate formal topiary gardens were destroyed during this period. It was then purchased by Mr de Courcy-Ling, who split up and sold the estate, and divided the house internally into 2 separate residences. In 2000, having been owned briefly by a series of speculators, the eastern half was purchased by Chrissie Fairlamb, an interior designer, and her partner Mr Colin Mills, a photographer, who sold it in 2008 to Mr Brown, a smoked-fish manufacturer from Cheshire who lives mostly in California. The western half has\",\n \"Nicola King and Angel were still in Yorkshire. She returned in November 2015 it was revealed she was deported from Dubai, she is shocked to see Jimmy has sold their house so breaks into it. In June 2016 Nicola gets caught in a fire started by Rakesh Kotecha (Pasha Bocarie). She is pulled out by Ronnie Hale (John McArdle) and Dan Spencer (Liam Fox) and taken to hospital. She discharges herself the next day and Jimmy takes her home. She later collapses and Jimmy calls an ambulance. She is told that she is partially paralysed and that she might never walk again.\",\n \"\\\"Jerusalem\\\". Great Fire of Northampton The Great Fire of Northampton occurred in September 1675 in Northampton in Northamptonshire, England. The blaze was caused by sparks from an open fire in St. Mary’s Street, near Northampton Castle. The fire devastated the town centre, destroying about 700 buildings [out of 850] including All Saints church, in six hours. Three quarters of the town was destroyed, 11 people died and about 700 families were made homeless. Many people escaped the fire by going through Welsh House on the market square to safety. Local people and businesses raised £25,000 towards re-building the town centre\",\n \"Upper Black Down House as the aircraft disintegrated. The victims were the all-Spanish crew and the passengers, comprising 25 Britons (mostly returning from holiday in Spain), two Americans, two Spaniards and two Australians. The British actress June Thorburn was amongst the passengers. Blackdown, West Sussex Blackdown, or Black Down, is the highest hill in the historic county of Sussex, at 280 metres (919 feet). In southeastern England it is exceeded only by Walbury Hill and Leith Hill. It is also the highest point in the South Downs National Park. The pine- and heather-covered slopes are owned by the National Trust\",\n \"west wall of the Criminal Court Lobby in the Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr. Courthouse. On October 19, 1974, the Bicentennial Council of the 13 Original States created a silver ingot honoring the two-hundredth anniversary of the burning. Very logically, the incident is also honored by \\\"Peggy Stewart Tea\\\", a blend sold by Eastern Shore Tea Co. The burning is honored each year by a ceremony in Annapolis. The story was recounted in a children's book \\\"Ahoy, Peggy Stewart\\\" by Maud Esther Dilliard, published by Dutton, 1956. Peggy Stewart (ship) Peggy Stewart was a Maryland cargo vessel burned on October 19,\",\n \"in 1937. A major fire then destroyed the interior of the eastern side of the castle in 1939. Around 1961, the castle was acquired by Richard Booth who used it as a bookstore and as a location for parties, with a holiday cottage in the grounds. Much of the walled garden was sold for development in 1975, and another fire in 1977 destroyed the interior of the western half of the castle: repairs were carried out from the 1980s onwards. In 2011 the castle was sold for around £2 million to the Hay Castle Trust, who intend to turn it\",\n \"Stephen Court fire a Grade-II heritage building. Arathoon Stephen (1861 – 14 May 1927) was a member of the Armenian community of Kolkata who spent huge amounts of money to help shape the economic growth of the city. He was also a shareholder and the first managing director of a company known as the Stephen Court Ltd. This company, apart from owning several other heritage structures in Kolkata, built a three-storey building on land leased by Peter Charles Earnest Paul and named it after himself. The building, Stephen Court, was used for both commercial and residential purposes as there were no laws differentiating\",\n \"Great Bakersfield Fire of 1889 Kern Valley Bank, a bathtub filled with water was used in an attempt to save that building, but the effort failed. After three hours, the fire was extinguished. The results of the fire were devastating. Fifteen city blocks were destroyed which was most of the city. In total: 147 businesses, 44 homes and 5 hotels were destroyed (a total of 196 buildings). One man was killed in the fire, and 1,500 people were homeless. Property damage was estimated at an even $1 million. The only two structures to survive in the central business district were Scribner's Water Tower and St.\",\n \"was typical, inexpensive and satisfying roadside fare, but with a twist: Ostrich and buffalo products were also served, including an ostrich egg omelette and \\\"buffalo burgers.\\\" During the restaurant's operating hours, the original red neon \\\"SUMMIT INN\\\" sign flashed on and off to beckon drivers on present-day Interstate 15. Antique cars could occasionally be spotted in the parking lot. On August 16, 2016, the diner was destroyed by the Blue Cut Fire. The current owners of the business plan to rebuild, making it appear as identical to the old building as possible. Summit Inn The Summit Inn was a historic\",\n \"Tuileries Palace 1871, during the suppression of the Paris Commune, 12 men under the orders of Jules Bergeret, the former chief military commander of the Commune, set the Tuileries on fire at 7 p.m., using petroleum, liquid tar and turpentine. The fire lasted 48 hours and thoroughly gutted the palace, except for the southernmost part, the Pavillon de Flore (the gate of honor, the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel, also remains, as well as the foundation). The dome itself was blown up by explosives placed in the central pavilion and detonated by the converging fires. Observing this, Bergeret sent a note to\",\n \"Cornwall Court fire The Cornwall Court Fire () was a building fire incident in Hong Kong. It began in a nightclub and karaoke bar on the morning of Sunday 10 August 2008, taking the lives of four people, including two firefighters, and injuring a further 55 people. The fire broke out at 09:20, in the nightclub on the mezzanine floor, and quickly engulfed the entire building, according to a preliminary investigation by firefighters. It was upgraded to a No. 4 alarm at 10:23 and a No. 5 at 12:16. More than 200 firefighters and 40 appliances from across Kowloon were\",\n \"rings. Fans of the restaurant are not limited to Brooklynites. A Kuwaiti prince was known to have taken several Junior's cheesecakes back with him. In 1981, when the restaurant caught on fire, a crowd of people watching the firefighters started chanting \\\"Save the Cheesecake!\\\" The interior of the restaurant was modernized after the fire. The building, at the corner of DeKalb Avenue and Flatbush Avenue Extension, is 17,000 square feet of red-and-white-striped menus, flashbulb-adorned signs, rust-colored booths and a wooden bar. A shrine to the Brooklyn of old, it has become a must-visit for politicians from borough presidents to President\",\n \"contained by the approximately 3,000 firefighters battling it. On October 6, the Topanga Fire was 100% contained, after it had expanded to . Topanga Fire The Topanga Fire was a wildfire that ignited on September 28, 2005 in the Santa Susana Mountains, to the northwest of Chatsworth and the San Fernando Valley in Southern California. The Topanga Fire burned a total of , injured 31 people, and cost $15.8 million to fight. The wildfire grew to more than 16,000 acres (65 km²) in 2 days, threatening homes, natural resources, power lines, and communications equipment in the Simi Hills, in eastern\",\n \"destroyed. In 1845, a new yard standard was constructed based on two previously existing standards known as A1 and A2, both of which had been made for the Ordnance Survey, and R.S. 46, the yard of the Royal Astronomical Society. All three had been compared to the Imperial standard before the fire. The new standard was made of Baily's metal No. 4 consisting of 16 parts copper, parts tin, and 1 part zinc. It was 38 inches long and 1 inch square. The Weights and Measures Act of 1855 granted official recognition to the new standards. Between 1845 and 1855\",\n \"Red Road Flats the perceptions of non-residents, owing partly to the \\\"looming\\\" ambience of the blocks which in some ways might be called emblematic. The slab blocks, for example, are not only 25 storeys high but also almost 100 metres wide. A major turning point came in August 1977, when a fire started by vandals in an empty flat on the 23rd floor of 10 Red Road Court, caused serious structural damage to the building, resulting in the death of a 12-year-old boy and a large number of tenants being evacuated. Many refused to return to their ruined homes, since the fire had\",\n \"Grenfell Tower Grenfell Tower is a derelict 24-storey residential tower block in North Kensington in London, England whose remains still stand following a severe fire in June 2017. The tower was completed in 1974, as part of the first phase of the Lancaster West Estate. The tower was named after Grenfell Road, which ran to the south of the building; the road was named after Field Marshal Lord Grenfell, a senior British Army officer. The building's top 20 storeys consisted of 120 flats, with 6 per floor—2 flats with 1 bedroom each and 4 flats with 2 bedrooms each—with a\",\n \"The Station nightclub fire The Station nightclub fire occurred on Thursday, February 20, 2003, in West Warwick, Rhode Island, killing 100 people and injuring 230. The fire was caused by pyrotechnics set off by the tour manager of the evening's headlining band Great White, which ignited plastic foam used as sound insulation in the walls and ceilings surrounding the stage. The blaze reached flashover within one minute, causing all combustible materials to burn. Intense black smoke engulfed the club in 5½ minutes. Video footage of the fire shows its ignition, rapid growth, the billowing smoke that quickly made escape impossible,\",\n \"Neiman Marcus Building did not match the original store's design. The additions provided greater room for employee services, a penthouse restaurant and expanded departments. During the late 1950s, a seventh floor was added in a similar style to the previous fifth and sixth floor additions. On December 19, 1964, the building burned in the costliest blaze in the city's history, destroying $5–10 million in merchandise, art objects and antique furniture. Remarkably, the building was not destroyed, and it reopened just 27 days later. The last major expansion added two floors to the top of the entire complex in 1983, giving the structure a\",\n \"Garnock Court fire The Garnock Court fire was a fire that took place on 11 June 1999 at Garnock Court, a 14-storey block of flats in Irvine, Scotland, which resulted in one fatality. The fire spread via the external cladding, reaching the 12th floor within ten minutes of the start of the fire, destroying flats on nine floors. A disabled pensioner, William Linton, believed to be in his 80s, dropped his lit cigarette which caused the blaze. He was later found dead. Four people were taken to University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, suffering from the effects of smoke inhalation. The block\",\n \"enough to pull the MOVE members out of the house, the police decided to drop explosives on the house. A fire soon began to blaze, endangering the several children now trapped inside the house. In a controversial decision, the police made the decision to \\\"let the fire burn\\\", resulting in the destruction of over 60 homes and the death of five children and six adults. Officials said they feared that MOVE would shoot at the firefighters. Eleven people (John Africa, five other adults, and five children aged 7 to 13) died in the resulting fire, and more than 250 people\",\n \"was fanned by offshore winds, known as Sundowner winds that blow down the Santa Ynez Mountains, gusting up to 85 mph (113 km/h). These winds caused the fire to spread into the city of Santa Barbara. The fire was 40% contained on the 15th, 75% on the 16th, and by November 17, 2008 it was 95% contained after burning 1,940 acres (785 ha), and on November 18, it was 100% contained. On November 15, 2008, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger visited areas burned in the Tea Fire, noting: \\\"When you walk around the area that was destroyed, it looks like hell.\\\" The\",\n \"Grenfell Tower fire its history. A figure of £38 million was quoted. The fire's proximity to Latimer Road Underground station caused a partial closure of London Underground's Hammersmith & City and Circle lines. The A40 Westway was closed in both directions. Bus routes were diverted. Services on the Hammersmith & City, and Circle lines were again suspended on 17 June 2017 due to concerns about debris falling from the tower. A total of 151 homes were destroyed in the tower and surrounding area. People from surrounding buildings were evacuated due to concerns that the tower might collapse. The Kensington Aldridge Academy, at the\",\n \"Burning of Parliament use as firewood, and instead opted to burn them in the two heating furnaces of the House of Lords, directly below the peers' chambers. The furnaces had been designed to burn coal—which gives off a high heat with little flame—and not wood, which burns with a high flame. The flues of the furnaces ran up the walls of the basement in which they were housed, under the floors of the Lords' chamber, then up through the walls and out through the chimneys. The process of destroying the tally sticks began at dawn on 16 October and continued throughout the day;\",\n \"Break Down (Landy artwork) Marble Arch (now a branch of Primark). Over the previous three years he had catalogued all 7,227 of his possessions, from postage stamps, his passport and birth certificate, to food, clothes (including his father's 1970s sheepskin coat), works of art (including works by Tracey Emin and Damien Hirst), and his Saab 900 Turbo 16 S. The work was arranged into ten categories - artworks, clothing, equipment, furniture, kitchen, leisure, motor vehicle, perishables, reading material and studio material. They were then all destroyed in a two-week period, opened as a public exhibition. The process of destruction was like the reverse of\",\n \"Uppark and first floor contents were lost completely, the floors largely fell clear of the ground floor walls and much of the panelling and decoration survived. Much of the contents of the ground floor was crushed but not burned; metalwork was able to be straightened and cleaned, crystal chandeliers were able to be reassembled, and even the elaborate tassels on the chandelier ropes were able to be conserved. The decision to restore the house came after it was determined that restoration would be a cheaper insurance settlement than complete payout for a total loss. Most of the pictures and furniture in\",\n \"Updown Court when, the following year, INBS was effectively nationalised, its share of the property came to be owned by the National Asset Management Agency, NAMA paid £20million to INBS for the asset. With running costs when fully staffed of £1.026 million a year and even reduced costs imposed by NAMA running to £60,000 per month, the property needed to start to bring in some sort of income. The property began to be rented out as a filming location and starred as a Russian Embassy in Series 8, Episode 3 of the BBC series \\\"Spooks\\\", doubled as a war-torn Baghdad palace in\",\n \"during the storm the property had been destroyed by fire. Trees felled by the storm had brought down power lines, causing an explosion in the house and starting a fire. When Surrey Fire and Rescue Service had tried to reach Updown Court, they found their way blocked by more fallen trees and were unable to reach the house, which as a result was totally destroyed. In the 1990s the ruined property was sold to Heatherside Property Holdings Limited, a consortium registered in the British Virgin Islands by Martin Burrow of Hamptons International. A redevelopment of the site was masterminded by\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":966,"string":"966"}}},{"rowIdx":80,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"when did gabriela sabatini win her first grand slam"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["Gabriela Sabatini Gabriela Beatriz Sabatini (; born 16 May 1970) is an Argentine former professional tennis player. She was one of the leading players on the women's circuit in the late-1980s and early-1990s. She won one women's grand slam singles title at the US Open in 1990, the women's grand slam doubles title at Wimbledon in 1988, two WTA Finals in 1988 and 1994, and a silver medal at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul. Sabatini also won most of the highest level regular events on the women's tour including Miami and Rome (four times). In the late 1980s, Sabatini"],"string":"[\n \"Gabriela Sabatini Gabriela Beatriz Sabatini (; born 16 May 1970) is an Argentine former professional tennis player. She was one of the leading players on the women's circuit in the late-1980s and early-1990s. She won one women's grand slam singles title at the US Open in 1990, the women's grand slam doubles title at Wimbledon in 1988, two WTA Finals in 1988 and 1994, and a silver medal at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul. Sabatini also won most of the highest level regular events on the women's tour including Miami and Rome (four times). In the late 1980s, Sabatini\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["Chanda Rubin wife, Bernadette Fontenot Rubin. They have two other children. Rubin married Mireyou Hollier in April 2015 and their daughter was born in October 2016. Rubin is very private about her personal life. Throughout her long career, she has been ranked as high as No. 6 in the world even though she has been plagued by injuries. Rubin was the third African-American woman in the Open era to reach the top ten after Zina Garrison and Lori McNeil. Rubin reached the quarterfinals at the French Open in 1995, 2000, and 2003; in 1995 on her way to the quarterfinals she defeated","Silicon Valley Classic tournament was sponsored by Bank of the West from 1992 to 2017, and held on the campus of Stanford University from 1997 to 2017. Martina Navratilova holds the record for the most singles titles: five (1979–1980, 1988, 1991, and 1993). It is currently owned and operated by IMG. Since 2014 the event is scheduled a week after the normal collocation, in place of previous tournament Southern California Open. While commonly known as the \"Stanford Classic\" from 1997–2017, the event moved to San Jose State University in 2018 and received a new sponsor, Mubadala Investment Company. It was renamed as the","Jasmine Trias signed a record deal with Universal Records for the album's release in the Philippines. Her self-titled debut album with Clockwork Entertainment was released on July 12, 2005 in the U.S.. It has since sold 14,000 copies in the US alone according to Nielsen SoundScan and a reported 50,000 worldwide. She has since been certified platinum in the Philippines. Trias headlined tours in Manila, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Guam in 2004. To end her whirlwind visit to the Philippines, dubbed \"Jasmania,\" she met President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. Trias left Clockwork Entertainment due to poor management and promotion; and is now with","the first tennis player, male or female, to hold a Career Golden Slam in both singles and doubles. Matches took place between 28 July and 4 August. Women's singles Draw Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's singles The women's singles tennis tournament at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon from 28 July to 4 August 2012, and was the first Olympic grass court tournament since tennis was re-introduced to the Games. Elena Dementieva was the reigning champion having won gold at the 2008 Olympics in","Agnieszka Radwańska was accidentally revealed by her friend, Caroline Wozniacki, on September 7, 2016. On July 22, 2017, they got married surrounded by family, friends and her WTA and ATP peers. In attendance were Aga's younger sister Urszula, Angelique Kerber, Caroline Wozniacki, former Polish No. 1 Marta Domachowska, Alicja Rosolska, Katarzyna Piter, Wimbledon doubles Champion Łukasz Kubot, Mariusz Fyrstenberg, Marcin Matkowski and also former Wimbledon semifinalist Jerzy Janowicz. The wedding ceremony took place at the Church of St Michael the Archangel and St Stanislaus Bishop and Martyr, Pauline Fathers Monastery, Skałka, in Krakow, Poland, where Radwańska was baptized. Radwańska won the junior","for four consecutive years, from 2012 (the year of her Grand Slam singles debut) to 2015. In the first round of the 2016 French Open, she defeated world No. 67 Christina McHale 6-7(7), 6-0, 6-3 to register her first career win over a player ranked in the top 100 of the WTA singles rankings, before losing in the second round to the No. 4 seed Garbiñe Muguruza 2-6, 0-6 in 53 minutes. Myrtille Georges Myrtille Georges (; born 21 December 1990) is a French professional tennis player. Georges has a career high WTA singles ranking of world No. 168, which","Bob Bryan Robert Charles Bryan (born April 29, 1978) is an American professional tennis player. He has won twenty-three Grand Slam titles: 16 in men's doubles and 7 in mixed doubles. He turned professional in 1998. With his twin brother Mike, he has been the world No. 1 doubles player for much of the last several years, first achieving the top ranking in September 2003. The brothers were named ATP Team of the Decade for 2000–2009. The brothers became the second men's doubles team to complete the career Golden Slam at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Bob Bryan ended","going from one of the most dominant athletes in tennis to hardly winning tournaments. Djokovic later stopped working with him in April 2018. Pepe Imaz José \"Pepe\" Imaz Ruiz (born 30 May 1974 in Logroño) is a tennis coach and former professional tennis player from Spain. Imaz made his debut on the ATP Tour at the 1995 Austrian Open. He lost to Sergi Bruguera in the second round, having earlier beaten Christian Miniussi. His most noteworthy performance came in the 1998 French Open, the only Grand Slam of his career. The Spaniard had a five set opening round win over","Williams sisters rivalry 2002 French Open to the 2003 Australian Open. Serena won all four of these finals. Venus has won 49 singles titles over the course of her career, and Serena has won 72. The two sisters remain personally very close. They have won 22 titles when playing doubles together, including 14 Grand Slam titles and 3 Olympic gold medals. Serena and Venus Williams played their first professional match against each other in the second round of the 1998 Australian Open. Venus won 7–6(4), 6–1. The match was described as \"subpar\". They played again in the quarterfinals of the Italian Open, the","Zhang Shuai (tennis) first singles match in a Grand Slam tournament at the 2016 Australian Open, when, as a qualifier, she defeated world No. 2 Simona Halep en-route to the quarterfinals. Zhang had lost all 14 of her main-draw Grand Slam matches up to that point, a stretch that started with the 2008 US Open. Alongside Li Na, Zheng Jie and Peng Shuai, Zhang is one of only four Chinese tennis players having made the quarterfinals of a Grand Slam tournament. Zhang, born in Tianjin, started playing tennis at the age of six, when her parents took her to a local tennis club.","Sheena Easton Murray. In 1981, \"Morning Train (Nine to Five)\" topped the US Hot 100, making her the third UK female solo artist to achieve this, following Petula Clark and Lulu, and she became one of the most successful British female performers of the 1980s. A six-time Grammy nominee in the U.S., Easton is a two-time Grammy Award winner, winning Best New Artist in 1981 and Best Mexican-American Performance in 1985, for her duet with Luis Miguel on the song \"Me Gustas Tal Como Eres\". She has received five U.S. Gold albums and one U.S. Platinum album. She has recorded 16 studio","Germaine Greer March 1971, dressed in a monk's habit, Greer marched through central London with 2,500 women in a Women's Liberation March. By that month \"The Female Eunuch\" had been translated into eight languages and had nearly sold out its second printing. McGraw-Hill published it in the United States on 16 April 1971. The toast of New York, Greer insisted on staying at the Hotel Chelsea, a haunt of writers and artists, rather than at the Algonquin Hotel where her publisher had booked her; her book launch had to be rescheduled because so many people wanted to attend. A \"New York Times\"","Alanis Morissette discography These albums, released only in Canada, are often not mentioned in the media, which tend to consider \"Jagged Little Pill\" (1995), released on Maverick Records, as her debut album. \"Jagged\" remains one of the most successful albums in music history, holding the record as the best-selling debut album worldwide, the second best-selling album by a female artist (behind Shania Twain's \"Come On Over\") and having sold more than 33 million copies worldwide. Such hits as \"You Oughta Know\", \"Hand in My Pocket\", \"Ironic\", and \"Head over Feet\" helped Morissette become the first Canadian woman to top the \"Billboard\" 200. \"Jagged\"","Agnieszka Radwańska 2012 Wimbledon Championships), the first Pole to win the WTA Finals (in 2015), the first Pole to claim a WTA singles title (the 2007 Nordea Nordic Light Open), and was one half of the first Polish team to win the Hopman Cup tournament. In addition, she won the WTA Award for Most Impressive Newcomer in 2006. Radwańska was voted the WTA's Fan Favorite Singles Player for six consecutive years (2011–2016), the most of any player, in polls held by \"WTATennis.com\". Radwańska also won WTA's Fan Favorite Shot of the Year for five consecutive years (2013–2017). For her accomplishments in sport","Eliane Elias with Brazilian singer-songwriter Toquinho and touring with the poet Vinicius de Moraes. In 1981, she moved to New York City, where she attended The Juilliard School of Music. A year later she became part of the group Steps Ahead. Her first album was a collaboration with Randy Brecker entitled \"Amanda\" in 1984. Shortly after, her solo career began when she signed to Blue Note Records and released the album \"Illusions\" in 1987, featuring Steve Gadd and Stanley Clarke. The following year \"Cross Currents\" appeared, with Eddie Gomez and Peter Erskine. The third solo album, \"So Far So Close\", hadEumir Deodato","Abby Wambach Player of the Year, becoming the first American woman to win the award in ten years. She was included on the 2015 Time 100 list as one of the most influential people in the world. Wambach competed in four FIFA Women's World Cup tournaments: 2003 in the United States, 2007 in China, 2011 in Germany, and 2015 in Canada, being champion of the last edition; and two Olympics tournaments: 2004 in Athens and 2012 in London, winning the gold medal on both. All together, she played in 29 matches and scored 22 goals at these five international tournaments. She played","Elena Dementieva disintegrated. She summed up her performance by saying: \"I just don't know how to serve\". Previous female Russian Grand Slam finalists had been: Dementieva's coach at the time, Olga Morozova, at 1974's French Open and Wimbledon, followed by Natalia Zvereva at the 1988 French Open. Later that year at the US Open, after first round losses at Wimbledon to Sandra Kleinová and the Summer Olympics to eventual bronze-medalist Alicia Molik, Dementieva reached her second Grand Slam final, defeating Mauresmo and Jennifer Capriati en route, both in third set tie-breaks. Countrywoman Svetlana Kuznetsova defeated Dementieva in straight sets in the final,","the number of those tournaments played Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling Hildegard \"Hilde\" Krahwinkel Sperling ( \"née\" Krahwinkel; 26 March 1908 – 7 March 1981) was a German tennis player who became a dual-citizen after marrying Dane Svend Sperling in December 1933. She won three consecutive singles titles at the French Championships from 1935 to 1937. Krahwinkel Sperling is generally regarded as the second-greatest female German tennis player in history, behind Steffi Graf. Sperling played a counterpunching game, predicated on speed, and wore down opponents. Helen Jacobs once wrote that Sperling was the third-best player she ever played, behind Helen Wills Moody","Romina Arena In 2003, Microsoft used her first Rock Opera single \"Satellite\" (Recorded in English and Italian) as the theme song for the video game Project Gotham Racing 2. According to her interviews and press releases, Arena has had several number-one hits in Italy, Germany, Australia and Japan, selling over 4 million records worldwide over the lifetime of her career. Arena developed a style that is a blend of operatic pop, rock and classical crossover. In 2012, she released the album \"Morricone.Uncovered\" in which she performs film music by Ennio Morricone to which she had set her own lyrics. According to the","Àlex Corretja up in the fifth set tiebreak, where Corretja held a match point later on, but he eventually lost to Sampras on a double fault in 4 hours and 9 minutes 6–7, 7–5, 7–5, 4–6, 6–7. In 1997, Corretja captured three titles, including his first Tennis Masters Series title in Rome, where he defeated Marcelo Ríos 7–5, 7–5, 6–3. (He won a second Masters Series title in 2000 at Indian Wells.) 1998 saw Corretja reach his first Grand Slam final at the French Open. In the third round, he defeated Argentina's Hernán Gumy in (at the time) the longest match in","Petr Korda ranked the joint-World No. 1 junior doubles players that year. Junior Slam results: Korda turned professional in 1987. He won his first career doubles title in 1988, and his first top-level singles title in 1991. Korda was involved in four Grand Slam finals during his career – two in singles and two in doubles. Korda also was known for the \"Scissors Kick\" which he would do at midcourt after winning matches. In 1990, Korda and Goran Ivanišević finished runners-up in the men's doubles at the French Open, and as a result, Korda reached his career-high doubles ranking of world No.","Stade Roland Garros Stade Roland Garros (\"Roland Garros Stadium\", ) is a tennis venue located in Paris, France, that hosts the French Open—also known as Roland Garros, particularly within Europe—a Grand Slam championship tournament played annually around the end of May and the beginning of June. It is named for Roland Garros, a pioneering French aviator. The facility was constructed in 1928 to host France's first defence of the Davis Cup. The 8.5-hectare (21-acre) complex contains twenty courts, including three large-capacity stadiums; \"Les Jardins de Roland Garros\", a large restaurant and bar complex; \"Le Village\", the press and VIP area;","Petra Cetkovská Petra Cetkovská Petra Cetkovská (; born 8 February 1985 in Prostějov, Czechoslovakia) is a former tennis player from the Czech Republic. Having turned professional in 2000, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 25 on 18 June 2012. Over her career, Cetkovská has defeated top players Marion Bartoli, Elena Dementieva, Ana Ivanovic, Angelique Kerber, Li Na, Agnieszka Radwańska, Caroline Wozniacki, and Vera Zvonareva. Cetkovská has been playing tennis since she was five. Her father Petr works at a pro shop in a local tennis club, while her mother Alena is a nurse. She has one younger brother, Matej.","Angela Mortimer Florence Angela Margaret Mortimer Barrett (\"née\" Mortimer; born 21 April 1932) is a former world No. 1 female tennis player from England. She was born in Plymouth, Devon, England. She is married to the veteran BBC commentator and author John Barrett. Mortimer won three Grand Slam singles titles: the 1955 French Championships, the 1958 Australian Championships, and Wimbledon in 1961 when she was 29 years old and partially deaf. Mortimer teamed with Anne Shilcock to win the women's doubles title at Wimbledon in 1955, her only women's doubles title at a Grand Slam. She teamed with Coghlan to","influence, especially for the North African setting, was the 1930 movie \"Morocco\", starring Marlene Dietrich and Gary Cooper in very similar central roles, she being a singer-dancer, he being a soldier. The work received its first performance at the Vienna State Opera on 20 January 1934, with Jarmila Novotná and Richard Tauber in the leading roles. The premiere attracted more attention than any of his previous works. It was broadcast live on 120 radio stations across Europe and the United States and ran for 42 performances in its debut season. Despite this initial interest, \"Giuditta\" soon faded from the repertoire,","Serena Williams (6). She also holds the all-time record for the most women's singles matches won at majors with 331 matches. Williams has won 14 Grand Slam doubles titles, all with her sister Venus, and the pair are unbeaten in Grand Slam doubles finals. As a team, she and Venus have the third most women's doubles Grand Slam titles, behind the 18 titles of Natasha Zvereva (14 with Gigi Fernández) and the record 20 titles won by Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver. Williams is also a five-time winner of the WTA Tour Championships in the singles division. She has also won four","Billie Jean King the first of her six singles titles at Wimbledon and the first of twelve Grand Slam singles titles overall, defeating Court in the semifinals 6–3, 6–3 and Maria Bueno in the final. King credited her semifinal victory to her forehand down the line, a new shot in her repertoire. She also said that the strategy for playing Court is, \"Simple. Just chip the ball back at her feet.\" At the U.S. Championships, an ill King was upset by Kerry Melville Reid in the second round. King successfully defended her title at the South African Tennis Championships in 1967, defeating Maria","Gigi Fernández 1997. One of most successful tennis player, along with Monica Puig, Rebekah Colberg and Cindy Colbert, in the history of Puerto Rico, Fernández was named Puerto Rico's \"Female Athlete of the Century\" in 1999. On July 12, 2010, Fernández was inducted in the International Tennis Hall of Fame alongside Zvereva. Her father Tuto was a well-known doctor in Puerto Rico. Her cousin José Ferrer was a famous Puerto Rican actor and director. Fernández started playing tennis when she was seven. When she turned professional in 1983, she became Puerto Rico's first-ever female professional athlete. Prior to turning professional, she played","Billie Jean King Betty Moffitt, King's mother, died on February 7, 2014, the day of the 2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremonies. Billie Jean was selected to deliver the Northwestern University commencement address on June 16, 2017 in Evanston, Illinois. She attended the 75th Golden Globe Awards in 2018 as a guest of Emma Stone. King and her partner Ilana Kloss became minority owners of the Los Angeles Dodgers baseball team in September 2018. Margaret Court, who won more Grand Slam titles than anyone, has said that King was \"the greatest competitor I've ever known\". Chris Evert, winner of 18 Grand Slam singles titles,","Anastasija Sevastova Anastasija Sevastova (born 13 April 1990) is a professional tennis player from Latvia. Having retired in 2013 due to recurring injuries, Sevastova returned to competition in 2015 and at the 2016 US Open she defeated third-seeded Garbiñe Muguruza as well as Johanna Konta en route to her first Grand Slam quarterfinal. She topped that at the 2018 US Open, defeating defending champion Sloane Stephens en route to the semi-final. In 2007, she qualified for the İstanbul Cup where she won her first career WTA match against Anastasiya Yakimova in the first round. She then lost to fifth-seeded Alona","Nathalie Tauziat French Fed Cup team, which won its first title in the history of the competition. Tauziat reached her career-high singles ranking of World No. 3 at the age of 32 years and 6 months in the spring of 2000, making her the oldest woman to debut in the top three and the fourth oldest to be ranked in the top three. She retired from the WTA Tour tennis circuit after the 2003 French Open, after having played only doubles in 2002 and 2003. Tauziat won 8 singles titles and 25 doubles titles during her career. She wrote a book with","2003 US Open (tennis) The 2003 US Open was held between August 25 – September 7, 2003. Both Pete Sampras and Serena Williams did not defend their titles from 2002; Sampras unofficially retired after winning his final Grand Slam title the previous year, and Serena Williams was forced to miss the tournament after withdrawing through injury. This was the first time since 1971 in which neither champion was able to defend their title. Andy Roddick, who previously won the 2000 US Open as a junior, won his only Grand Slam title, defeating Juan Carlos Ferrero (who inherited the World No.1","Sinéad O'Connor name Shuhada' Davitt. Sinéad O'Connor Shuhada' Davitt (born Sinéad Marie Bernadette O'Connor , 8 December 1966) is an Irish singer-songwriter who rose to fame in the late 1980s with her debut album \"The Lion and the Cobra\". As Sinéad O'Connor, she achieved worldwide success in 1990 with a new arrangement of Prince's song \"Nothing Compares 2 U\". Since then, while maintaining her singing career, she has occasionally encountered controversy, partly due to her statements and gestures—such as her ordination as a priest despite being a woman with a Roman Catholic background—and her strongly expressed views on organised religion, women's rights,","Court, Virginia Wade, Pam Shriver, and Gabriela Sabatini. She holds an 8–7 career record over King. She married French businessman Claude Balestrat in 1983. On 30 August 2000, Fromholtz was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for her strong commitment to tennis. SR = the ratio of the number of Grand Slam singles tournaments won to the number of those tournaments played. Note: The Australian Open was held twice in 1977, in January and December. Dianne Fromholtz Dianne Fromholtz Balestrat (\"née\" Fromholtz; born 10 August 1956) is an Australian former professional tennis player who reached a highest singles ranking of world","Madonna (entertainer) 1978 to pursue a career in modern dance. After performing as a drummer, guitarist, and vocalist in the rock bands Breakfast Club and Emmy, Madonna signed with Sire Records in 1982 and released her eponymous debut album the next year. She followed it with a series of successful albums, including the global bestsellers \"Like a Virgin\" (1984) and \"True Blue\" (1986), as well as the Grammy Award winners \"Ray of Light\" (1998) and \"Confessions on a Dance Floor\" (2005). Throughout her career, Madonna has written and produced most of her songs, with many of them reaching number one on the","Grand Slam tournament. Kim Clijsters defeated Lindsay Davenport, 6–1, 3–6, 6–3 Mary Pierce / Rennae Stubbs defeated Elena Bovina / Els Callens, 6–3, 6–3 2003 JPMorgan Chase Open The 2003 JPMorgan Chase Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts that was part of the Tier II Series of the 2004 WTA Tour. It was the 30th edition of the tournament and took place in Los Angeles, California, United States, from August 4 through August 10, 2003. First-seeded Kim Clijsters won the singles title and earned $97,000 first-prize money. As a result of her win Clijsters became","appeared in the final five times, winning in 1987, making him the only Israeli to win the event. Jimmy Connors won his final career singles title at the event in 1989. In 1990 and 1991 the tournament was known as the \"Riklis Classic\" before reverting to the Tel Aviv Open for the remainder of its existence. The tournament still holds the ATP record for the youngest winner of an ATP event (Aaron Krickstein in 1983, at the age of 16 and 2 months). The event was rescheduled to appear in the 2014 ATP World Tour, but with the war along","Isabel Preysler the United Nations in New York, making her the first woman of Filipino descent in history to win the award. In 2007, she and her daughters were invited by Prince Charles to be guests of honour at his London home, Clarence House. In 1970, Preysler was introduced to a retired football player named Julio Iglesias, who just signed a recording contract to become a singer. Iglesias invited her to watch a concert. The couple was married seven months later on 29 January 1971. They were married for seven years and the couple had three children, María Isabel (b. 1971), Julio","Karolína Plíšková Karolína Plíšková Karolína Plíšková (; born 21 March 1992) is a Czech professional tennis player. She is a former world No. 1 and is currently ranked No. 7 in the world by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). Plíšková has won eleven singles and five doubles titles on the WTA tour, as well as 10 singles and six doubles titles on the ITF circuit in her career. On 31 October 2016, she peaked at world No. 11 in the doubles rankings. She reached her first Grand Slam final at the 2016 US Open, where she was runner-up to Angelique Kerber in","Monica Seles her last professional match at the 2003 French Open, but did not officially retire until February 2008. Regarded by many in the sport as one of the greatest tennis players of all time, Seles was named one of the \"30 Legends of Women's Tennis: Past, Present and Future\" by \"Time\". Several players and historians have stated that Seles had the potential to become the most accomplished female player of all time had she not been stabbed. She was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2009. Seles was born in Yugoslavia into an ethnic Hungarian family. Her parents","Slam match. In his remaining three Grand Slams he had the misfortune of having to start the tournaments against two third seeds (Thomas Muster and Magnus Norman) and at the 2000 US Open had to play eventual champion Marat Safin. Thierry Guardiola Thierry Guardiola (born 7 August 1971) is a former professional tennis player from France. Guardiola, aged 15, broke a thigh bone playing in the juniors and was told that he would never play tennis again. He however went on to win the Under-18 French National Championships in 1989. In 1994 he upset world number 11 Magnus Gustafsson at","Tennis in Romania ranking in 1973 after winning the US Open in 1972 and the French Open in 1973. Women's tennis, in particular, has seen tremendous successes both in the 20th and 21st centuries, with the advent of Florența Mihai, Virginia Ruzici, Irina Spîrlea and Simona Halep. Three of these women reached the Top 10 of the WTA rankings in singles, namely Ruzici, Spîrlea and Halep whilst Mihai, Ruzici and Halep reached Grand Slam finals with Ruzici winning the French Open in 1978 and Halep winning the same tournament in 2018. Tournaments held in Romania on the men's tour every year included Romanian","May 2013. Later that summer, Cabeza Candela played in her first main draw of a Grand Slam at Wimbledon. She lost in the first round to Caroline Wozniacki 6–0, 6–2. In early July, Cabeza Candela reached her farthest result in a WTA tournament by reaching the semifinals of Internazionali Femminili di Palermo losing to the Italian, Roberta Vinci, in three sets. Estrella Cabeza Candela Estrella Cabeza Candela (; born 20 February 1987) is a Spanish professional tennis player. Cabeza Candela has won 11 singles and 13 doubles titles on the ITF circuit in her career. On 13 May 2013, she","Open, and at Wimbledon, and then she lost in the third round at the US Open. In Miami, Capriati ended Monica Seles's streak of 21 consecutive finals by defeating her in the quarterfinals. Capriati finished the year ranked in the top 10 for the third straight year, at No. 7. She also became the youngest player to surpass $1 million in prize money (Martina Hingis would later break this record). Also in 1992, a Sega Genesis video game titled \"Jennifer Capriati Tennis\" was released by Renovation Products. At her first tournament (Sydney 1993), Capriati defeated third-ranked Sabatini in the semifinals","Patty Schnyder over American former No. 1 Lindsay Davenport, and 5 doubles titles. Her first title on U.S. soil came in August 2005, when she won at Cincinnati's Western & Southern Financial Group Women's Open. Schnyder defeated four top-10 players consecutively, including Serena Williams and then-world No. 1 Jennifer Capriati, in 2002 at the Family Circle Cup in Charleston, which is the largest women-only tennis event held in the United States. Schnyder's best Grand Slam performance came at the 2004 Australian Open, where she reached the semifinals, before falling to Kim Clijsters. Later that season, she also reached the semifinals at the","her greatest successes on the WTA tour. He also has been the coach of former world number three Sloane Stephens. Nick Saviano Nick Saviano (born June 5, 1956) is an American former tennis player and subsequent tennis coach. Saviano won one singles title during his career as a pro (1983 Lorraine Open). The left-hander reached his highest individual ranking on the professional ATP Tour on July 12, 1978, when he became the number 48 ranked player in the world. On October 7, 1979, he won a doubles title with John Lloyd in Hawaii. He was an All-American playing tennis for","US Open (tennis) already regarded it as a major championship, the International Lawn Tennis Federation officially designated it as one of the world's major tournaments commencing in 1924. At the 1922 U.S. National Championships, the draw seeded players for the first time to prevent the leading players from playing each other in the early rounds. The open era began in 1968 when professional tennis players were allowed to compete for the first time at the Grand Slam tournament held at the West Side Tennis Club. The previous U.S. National Championships had been limited to amateur players. Except for mixed doubles, all events at","Don Budge John Donald (\"Don\" or \"Donnie\") Budge (June 13, 1915 – January 26, 2000) was an American tennis player. He was a World No. 1 player for five years, first as an amateur and then as a professional. He is most famous as the first player, male or female, and only American male to win in a single year the four tournaments that comprise the Grand Slam of tennis and second male player to win all four Grand Slam events in his career after Fred Perry, and is still the youngest to achieve that feat. He won 10 majors,","Alicia Molik Molik has expressed her intention to focus on her new life as a mother, rather than professional tennis. She won her first Grand Slam doubles title at the 2005 Australian Open with partner Svetlana Kuznetsova. She reached the top ten on the WTA tour for the first time in early 2005 following her first Grand Slam quarterfinal singles appearance, at the Australian Open, where she lost 7–9 in the final set to Lindsay Davenport. Molik won the bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens in the women's singles competition beating then world No. 3 Anastasia Myskina in straight","Margaret Court career statistics woman to have achieved the mixed doubles Grand Slam, which she did twice. Court won more than half of the Grand Slam singles tournaments she played (24 of 47). She won 192 singles titles before and after the Open Era, an all-time record. Her career singles win-loss record was 1,177-106, for a winning percentage of 91.74 percent on all surfaces (hard, clay, grass, carpet), is also an all-time record. She won at least 100 singles matches in 1965 (113-8), 1968 (107-12), 1969 (104-6), 1970 (110-6), and 1973 (108-6). She won more than 80 percent of her singles matches against top","Arnaud Boetsch Arnaud Boetsch (born 1 April 1969) is a former French tennis player who turned professional in 1987. Known for his stylish single-handed backhand, he won 3 career titles, reaching his highest ATP singles ranking of World No. 12 in April 1996. Boetsch reached the fourth round once in each of the four grand slams between 1991 and 1996, notably beating Richard Krajicek in five sets in his 1992 Wimbledon run (Krajicek would go on to win the title four years later). Boetsch represented France at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where he was defeated in the second","Iveta Benešová to Benešová. Iveta Benešová Iveta Benešová () (formerly Melzer, ; born 1 February 1983) is a Czech former tennis player. She began playing tennis at age of 7 and turned professional in 1998 in Prague. She won two WTA Tour singles and 14 doubles events, and one Grand Slam title in mixed doubles, partnering with Jürgen Melzer at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. On 14 September 2012, she married Melzer and adopted his family name. She announced her retirement from professional tennis via her Facebook page on August 13th, 2014. In 2015, she divorced Melzer and reverted to using her maiden","Yaroslava Shvedova Slam women's doubles titles, the 2010 Wimbledon Championships and the 2010 US Open, partnering American player Vania King in both. Shvedova is also one of only seven players to record a golden set in the professional era. She achieved this feat at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships in her match against Sara Errani, the only time a golden set was recorded in a Grand Slam. She began wearing prescription sports glasses in 2012 after seeking medical advice about a nervous tic in one eye. In February 2007, she unexpectedly reached the final of the Sony Ericsson International in Bangalore, beating home-crowd","Helena Suková athletes. On January 24, 2018, Helena Sukova was elected into the Tennis Hall of Fame. Helena Suková Helena Suková () (born 23 February 1965) is a former professional tennis player from the Czech Republic. During her career, she won 14 Grand Slam doubles titles, 9 of them in women's doubles and 5 of them in mixed doubles. She also was a four-time Grand Slam singles runner-up and won 10 singles titles and 69 doubles titles. Suková comes from a prominent Czech tennis family. Her mother, Věra Pužejová Suková, was a women's singles finalist at Wimbledon in 1962. Her father, Cyril","Amélie Mauresmo her 2006 Australian Open title, Mauresmo was often touted as \"the greatest women's player never to win a Grand Slam.\" After winning the 2006 Wimbledon title, Mauresmo openly joked, \"I don't want anyone to talk about my nerves any more.\" Mauresmo is one of the few tennis players, male or female, to have reached the top ranking without first winning a Grand Slam singles title. Other players who had done so were Kim Clijsters, Ivan Lendl, Marcelo Ríos, Jelena Janković, Dinara Safina, Caroline Wozniacki, Karolina Pliskova and Simona Halep. In April 2015, Mauresmo announced via Twitter that she was pregnant","West Side Tennis Club was the final of the International Lawn Tennis Challenge, which saw the U.S. defeat Australia. Althea Gibson became the first black player to play in a Grand Slam event in 1950 (in 1957 she became the first black player to win the tournament), and Billie Jean King was the first player to win a Grand Slam event with a metal racket in 1967. In 1968, the year of the first televised broadcast of the US Open, Arthur Ashe became the first black man to win a Grand Slam tournament there. Beginning in 1971 the stadium was home to the annual","Luciano Pavarotti well known for his televised concerts and media appearances. From the beginning of his professional career as a tenor in 1961 in Italy to his final performance of \"Nessun dorma\" at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Pavarotti was at his best in bel canto operas, pre-\"Aida\" Verdi roles, and Puccini works such as \"La bohème\", \"Tosca\", and \"Madama Butterfly\". He sold over 100 million records, and the first Three Tenors recording became the best-selling classical album of all time. Pavarotti was also noted for his charity work on behalf of refugees and the Red Cross, amongst others. He died","Amélie Mauresmo and expecting the baby in August. On 16 August 2015, it was announced that she had given birth to a baby boy. She gave birth to her daughter, Ayla, on April 2017. Mauresmo's apparel and footwear on court was manufactured by Nike, and later Reebok. In the early 2000s, she used Dunlop 200G+1.00 racquet. Amélie Mauresmo Amélie Simone Mauresmo (; born 5 July 1979) is a French former professional tennis player, and a former world No. 1. Mauresmo won two Grand Slam singles titles at the Australian Open and at Wimbledon, and also won a Silver Medal at the 2004","Maria Sharapova go on to win two Grand Slam singles titles and become Russia's first world No. 1 ranked tennis player. Aleksandr gave Sharapova her first tennis racquet in 1991 when she was four, whereupon she began practicing regularly with her father at a local park. Maria took her first tennis lessons with veteran Russian coach Yuri Yutkin, who was instantly impressed when he saw her play, noting her \"exceptional hand-eye coordination\". In 1993, at the age of six, Sharapova attended a tennis clinic in Moscow run by Martina Navratilova, who recommended professional training at the IMG Academy in Bradenton, Florida, which","Williams sisters of them has been knocked out of a tournament. Both sisters have been ranked by the Women's Tennis Association at the world No. 1 position in both singles and doubles. In 2002, after the French Open, Venus Williams and Serena Williams were ranked No. 1 and No. 2, respectively, marking the first time in history that sisters occupied the top 2 singles spots in the world rankings. During the 2010 French Open, they became the co-world No. 1 players in women's doubles. On 21 June 2010, Serena and Venus again held the No. 1 and No. 2 rankings spots in","Tennis in Spain Open champion in 1989, 1994 and 1998, and 1994 US Open Champion), Carlos Moyá (1998 French Open champion) and Juan Carlos Ferrero (2003 French Open Champion). Other Grand Slam champions are Manuel Santana (1961, 1964 French Opens, 1966 Wimbledon and 1965 US Open), Sergi Bruguera (1993-1994 French Opens), Andrés Gimeno (1972 French Open), Manuel Orantes (1975 US Open), Conchita Martínez (1994 Wimbledon), Albert Costa (2002 French Open) and Garbiñe Muguruza (2016 French Open and 2017 Wimbledon). Tournaments held in Spain on the men's tour every year include Madrid, Barcelona, and Valencia. The women have events in Madrid, Barcelona, and Marbella.","Grand Slam (figure skating) Plushenko. Totals by nation The following table shows the numbers of Grand Slams by nation. Records The following table shows the first (or youngest/oldest) skater who achieved the Grand Slam. Chronological Four ladies' single skaters have completed the Grand Slam. Of these skaters, only one (Evgenia Medvedeva) has accomplished the feat twice. Totals by nation The following table shows the numbers of Grand Slams by nation. Records The following table shows the first (or youngest/oldest) skater who achieved the Grand Slam. Chronological Six pair teams have completed the Grand Slam. German couple of Aliona Savchenko and Robin Szolkowy is the","Billie Jean King for gender equality and has long been a pioneer for equality and social justice. In 1973, at age 29, she won the \"Battle of the Sexes\" tennis match against the 55-year-old Bobby Riggs. She was also the founder of the Women's Tennis Association and the Women's Sports Foundation. She was also instrumental in persuading cigarette brand Virginia Slims to sponsor women's tennis in the 1970s and went on to serve on the board of their parent company Philip Morris in the 2000s. Regarded by many in the sport as one of the greatest tennis players of all time, King was","Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics 2002, 2003, 2009 and 2010. She also defended her women's doubles title alongside her sister Venus Williams, who had won singles gold in Sydney in 2000. With her singles gold, she became the second female player to win a career singles Golden Slam - Olympic gold in addition to the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open, with the first being Steffi Graf in 1988 after she won all five events that year (a feat not yet matched by another player, male or female.) Williams also became the first player in history, male or female, to win","where she retired in the first round to Jill Craybas; she was the champion in 1995, making her the first (and so far only) player to win both the championship and wooden spoon at the very same Grand Slam tournament. As of October 2013, Pierce lives in Black River, Mauritius where she teaches tennis. In the early 2000s, Pierce wore Nike apparel and used Yonex racquets on court. Mary Pierce Mary Pierce (born 15 January 1975) is a retired tennis professional. She represented France internationally in team competitions and in the Olympics. Pierce won four Grand Slam titles: two in","reach her first Grand Slam final in September 2017. Since July 2018 he's become a head coach, accompanying another WTA pro on the women's tour: Elise Mertens. Dieter Kindlmann Dieter Kindlmann (born 3 June 1982) is a German former professional tennis player, hitting partner and current coach. He reached his highest individual ranking on the ATP Tour on 26 July 2004, when he became World number 130. His best appearance at a Grand Slam came at the 2006 French Open, where he reached the main draw as a qualifier, losing in the second round. After retirement as a player he","Geri Halliwell last two years in the group. In 1999, Halliwell launched her solo career and released her debut album \"Schizophonic\", which spawned three number ones at the UK Singles Chart, \"Mi Chico Latino\", \"Lift Me Up\", and \"Bag It Up\", while the lead single \"Look at Me\" peaked at number two. In 2001, Halliwell released her second album \"Scream If You Wanna Go Faster\"; the first single, \"It's Raining Men\", peaked at number one in the UK and went on to become the biggest hit of her career. She released her third studio album \"Passion\" in 2005. Halliwell has been nominated","Nirupama Sanjeev Nirupama Sanjeev (née: Vaidyanathan; born 8 December 1976) is a retired Indian professional tennis player, and the former Indian No. 1. In the 1998 Australian Open, she became the first Indian woman in the modern era to feature and win a round at a main draw Grand Slam, beating Italy's Gloria Pizzichini. She has also won the Bronze Medal at the 1998 Bangkok Asian Games in Mixed Doubles, partnering Mahesh Bhupathi. Sanjeev was the first Indian women to enter the top 200 world singles rankings. Nirupama was born in the Southern Indian town of Coimbatore. She started playing","games after she became pregnant. At the US Open 2013, Craybas announced her retirement from tennis. AS of 2017, she is working with the WTA Tour as a commentator. Jill Craybas Jill N. Craybas (born July 4, 1974) is an American former professional tennis player. At 39 years of age, she was one of the oldest players on the WTA Tour, as well as the longest serving, having turned pro in 1996. From the 2000 US Open to the 2011 US Open, Craybas competed in 45 consecutive Grand Slam main draws, her best result coming in the 2005 Wimbledon Championships","Jo Durie over 30 years previously. This period included her best Grand Slam result up to that time, as she reached the semifinal of the 2016 Australian Open, a quarterfinal appearance at the Rio Summer Olympics and her maiden WTA title in Stanford. In 2017, she won the Miami Open, and reached the semifinal at Wimbledon. Born to Hungarian parents in Sydney, Australia, Konta moved to the UK when she was 14. She switched her sporting allegiance from Australia to Great Britain after she became a British citizen in May 2012. Johanna Konta was born in Sydney, Australia, on 17","Bettina Bunge series of injuries throughout her career (injuries of ear and knee, among others). Bunge was a professional player from 1978 to 1989, appearing for the first time at number 150 in July 1978. Her highest ranking was achieved in 1983 when she reached number 6. In 1982, she registered her all-time best achievement in Grand Slam singles competition when she reached the semifinals of Wimbledon. She won four singles tournaments, including the tournaments at the German Open, Houston, and Tokyo in 1982, and Oakland in 1983. She was finalist in Sydney in 1979, Stockholm in 1980, Houston, Tampa, Cincinnati (indoor)","Rod Laver and wood/parquet. Laver won 11 Grand Slam singles titles, though he was banned from playing those tournaments for the five years prior to the Open Era. Laver is the only player to twice achieve a Grand Slam, in 1962 and 1969, and the latter remains the only time a man has done so in the Open Era. He also won eight Pro Slam titles, including the \"pro Grand Slam\" in 1967, and he contributed to five Davis Cup titles for Australia during an age when Davis Cup was deemed as significant as the four majors. Rodney George Laver was born","Conchita Martínez Conchita Martínez Conchita Martínez Bernat (born 16 April 1972) is a former professional tennis player. She was the first Spanish player to win the women's singles title at Wimbledon, where she beat Martina Navratilova in the 1994 final. Martínez also was the singles runner-up at the 1998 Australian Open and the 2000 French Open. She reached a highest world ranking of No. 2 in October 1995 and finished the season in the top 10 for nine years. Martínez won 33 singles and 13 doubles titles during her 18-year career. Martinez was Spain Fed Cup team captain from 2013-2017 and Spain","Marion Bartoli victory of any WTA Tour or Grand Slam event in 2013. In the semifinals she beat 20th seed Kirsten Flipkens to reach her second Wimbledon final. In the final she faced 23rd seed Sabine Lisicki, who had beaten pre-tournament favorite Serena Williams and 2012 finalist Agnieszka Radwańska en route to the final. Bartoli won the match in straight sets for her first and only Grand Slam title. She did not drop a set in the entire tournament. She also became the female player who participated in the most Grand Slam tournaments before winning one, as this was her 47th such","Justine Henin the runner-up in 2001 and 2006. She also won a gold medal in the women's singles at the 2004 Olympic Games and won the year-ending WTA Tour Championships in 2006 and 2007. In total, she won 43 WTA singles titles. Tennis experts cite her mental toughness, the completeness and variety of her game, her footspeed and footwork, and her one-handed backhand (which John McEnroe described as \"the best single-handed backhand in both the women's or men's game\") as the principal reasons for her success. She retired from professional tennis on 26 January 2011, due to a chronic elbow injury. In","Kathy Rinaldi Wendy Turnbull, Manuela Maleeva, Dianne Fromholtz, Helena Suková, Claudia Kohde-Kilsch, Zina Garrison, Sylvia Hanika, Kathy Jordan, Jo Durie, and Natasha Zvereva. Rinaldi was the youngest player to win a match at Wimbledon (14 years, 91 days) in 1981, a record that stood until 1990. After the 1987 French Open, she suffered a freak injury in Monte Carlo, slipping on stairs, and in trying to catch herself, fracturing her right thumb. This injury sidelined her for rest of the year. She was a member of the US Wightman Cup Team in 1983, 1985, and 1986. In December 2016, Rinaldi was appointed","He had the most natural tennis mind with the most natural tennis physique.\" Before and during the open era, Rod Laver remains the only male player in history to have won the calendar year Grand Slam twice in 1962 and 1969 and also the calendar year Professional Grand Slam in 1967. More recently Björn Borg and Pete Sampras were regarded by many of their contemporaries as among the greatest ever. Andre Agassi, the first of two male players in history to have achieved a Career Golden Slam in singles tennis (followed by Rafael Nadal), has been called the best service","Chris Evert title. In singles, Evert reached the semifinals or better 52 of the 56 Grand Slams she played, including the semifinals or better of 34 consecutive Grand Slams entered from the 1971 US Open through the 1983 French Open. Evert never lost in the first or second round of a Grand Slam singles tournament and lost in the third round only twice. In Grand Slam women's singles play, Evert won a record seven championships at the French Open and a co-record six championships at the US Open (tied with Serena Williams). Evert's career winning percentage in singles matches of 89.97% (1309–146)","Björn Borg Björn Borg Björn Rune Borg (; born 6 June 1956) is a Swedish former world No. 1 tennis player widely considered to be one of the greatest in the history of the sport. Between 1974 and 1981 he became the first man in the Open Era to win 11 Grand Slam singles titles (six at the French Open and five consecutive at Wimbledon). He also won three year-end championships and 15 Grand Prix Super Series titles. Overall, he set numerous records that still stand. A teenage sensation at the start of his career, Borg's unprecedented stardom and consistent success helped","Cara Black Cara Black (born 17 February 1979) is a professional tennis player from Zimbabwe. She is primarily a doubles specialist, winning 60 WTA and 11 ITF titles in that discipline. A former no. 1 ranked women's doubles player in the WTA Rankings, she has won ten Grand Slam titles in women's doubles and mixed doubles combined. By winning the mixed doubles title at the 2010 Australian Open, Black became the third woman in the Open Era to complete a Career Grand Slam in mixed doubles (after Martina Navratilova and Daniela Hantuchová). Having won one singles title on tour, she","Clarisa Fernández No. 1 in boldface Clarisa Fernández Clarisa Fernández (born 28 August 1981) is a retired Argentine tennis player who is best known for her semi-final appearance at the 2002 French Open, the first Argentine since Sabatini in 1992 to reach that stage. Fernández was ranked 87th in the world at the time of her shocking result. She defeated, in order: (Q) Lubomira Bacheva, Jelena Kostanić, Kim Clijsters, (13) Elena Dementieva, Paola Suárez, before losing to second-seeded Venus Williams in straight sets. Fernández is a crafty left-handed player. She turned professional in 1998, and did not have much success before her","Grand Slam event. The Main Court, in particular, is extremely large by the standards of major tennis competitions, with the seats being relatively far removed from the tennis court. The centre hosted the tennis matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. The centre was completed in February 2004, and officially opened on August 2, 2004. In 2017, the Greek Basket League club, AEK Athens, revealed their plans to acquire the Main Court facility, in order to transform it into their home indoor basketball hall, with a spectator capacity for basketball games, of 9,500-10,000 seats. Athens Olympic Tennis Centre","to a baby girl. Maria Kirilenko Maria Yuryevna Kirilenko-Stepanova (; born 25 January 1987) is a former professional tennis player from Russia. She won the 2002 US Open Girls' Singles and won her first WTA Tour title in 2005, defeating Anna-Lena Grönefeld in the China Open. She has reached three Grand Slam singles quarterfinals, at the 2010 Australian Open the 2012 Wimbledon Championships and the 2013 French Open. In doubles, she has reached two Grand Slam doubles finals, at the 2011 Australian Open and the 2012 French Open, won the 2012 WTA Tour Championships and was a bronze medalist at","Richard Gasquet his debut on the ATP tour in April 2002, at the Tennis Masters Series tournament in Monte Carlo where he received a wildcard into qualifying and became the youngest player ever to qualify for a Tennis Masters Series event. At the age of 15 years and 10 months, he defeated Argentina's Franco Squillari in the first round of that tournament to become the youngest player to win a top-tier tour (ATP Tour, Grand Prix tennis circuit or World Championship Tennis) main draw singles match since Tommy Ho at Rye Brook in 1988. Gasquet made his Grand Slam tournament debut at","the first to complete such a feat since Wendy Turnbull at the 1985 Australian Open. Maria Sharapova career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of professional Russian tennis player, Maria Sharapova. To date, Sharapova has won thirty six WTA singles titles including five Grand Slams, one year-ending championship, six WTA Tier I singles titles, three WTA Premier Mandatory singles titles and five WTA Premier 5 singles titles. She was also the silver medallist in singles at the 2012 London Olympics. Sharapova won her first grand slam singles title at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships by defeating top","Petra Kvitová career statistics and 2017 US Open. Kvitová reached her career-high ranking of world No. 2 on 31 October 2011. In January 2009, Kvitová won her first WTA title at the Hobart International, defeating Iveta Benešová in the final. Later that year, she recorded her first win over a reigning world No. 1 by defeating Dinara Safina in the third round of the US Open. The following year, at the Wimbledon Championships, Kvitová reached her first Grand Slam semifinal, defeating Caroline Wozniacki and Victoria Azarenka en route before losing to the eventual champion and world No. 1 Serena Williams. Kvitová's breakthrough season in","Venus Williams titles, Williams trails only Serena among active players on the WTA Tour with most singles titles. Her 35-match winning streak from the 2000 Wimbledon Championships to the 2000 Generali Ladies Linz tournament final is the longest since January 1, 2000. She is also one of only three active WTA players to have reached the finals of all four Grand Slams, along with Serena and Maria Sharapova. Williams was born in Lynwood, California, to Richard Williams and Oracene Price. Her talents were apparent at the age of seven when a professional local tennis player named Tony Chesta spotted Williams and quickly","Ruta Gerulaitis en route won a match against 16th seed Marita Redondo, in which she dropped just two games. Her best performance in a grand slam tournament came at the 1979 French Open, where she was a singles quarter-finalist. Beating Chris O'Neil in the first round, she started her second round match with a 6-0 first set against 14th seed Ilana Kloss, before her South African opponent retired hurt. In the third round she upset eighth seed Betty Stöve in straight sets, then was beaten in the quarter-finals by the only other American remaining in the draw, eventual tournament champion Chris Evert.","Steffi Graf court was introduced as a surface at the US Open in 1978. Consequently, Graf's Grand Slam was achieved on grass, clay, and hard court while the previous five Grand Slams were decided on only grass and clay. Graf reached thirteen consecutive major singles finals, from the 1987 French Open through to the 1990 French Open, winning nine of them. She won 5 consecutive major singles tournaments (1988 Australian Open to 1989 Australian Open), and seven out of eight, in two calendar years (1988 Australian Open to 1989 US Open, except 1989 French Open). She reached a total of 31 major","Maria Sharapova time on August 22, 2005, at the age of 18, and last held the ranking for the fifth time for four weeks from June 11, 2012, to July 8, 2012. Her 36 singles titles and five Grand Slam titles—two at the French Open and one each at the Australian Open, Wimbledon, and US Open—rank third among active players, behind Serena and Venus Williams. She won the year-ending WTA Finals in her debut in 2004. She has also won three doubles titles. Despite an injury-prone career, Sharapova has achieved a rare level of longevity in the women's game. She won at","Martina Navratilova Her winning percentage was the best ever for a post-1968 professional tennis player. During 1982, 1983, and 1984, Navratilova lost a total of only six singles matches. This included a run of 13 consecutive victories over her closest rival and world-ranked No. 2, Chris Evert. Navratilova's reign from 1982 to 1986 is the most dominant unbroken spell in the professional era. Navratilova won the 1984 French Open, thus holding all four major singles titles simultaneously. Her accomplishment was declared a \"Grand Slam\" by Philippe Chatrier, president of the International Tennis Federation, although some tennis observers countered that it was not","Ekaterina Makarova Ekaterina Valeryevna Makarova (; born 7 June 1988) is a Russian professional tennis player. She achieved her career-high ranking of world No. 8 on 6 April 2015. Her best Grand Slam singles results have come at the 2014 US Open and the 2015 Australian Open where she reached the semifinals on both occasions. Makarova is a four-time Grand Slam champion in doubles competition, having won the 2012 US Open mixed doubles tournament with Bruno Soares, and the 2013 French Open, the 2014 US Open and 2017 Wimbledon Championships with Elena Vesnina. Ekaterina Valeryevna Makarova was born to Valery","Martina Hingis WTA finals in Singapore in October, 2017. By winning the 1998 US Open title, Hingis completed the doubles Career Grand Slam, becoming the 17th female player in history to achieve this, as well as the youngest. It also meant she completed the Calendar Year Grand Slam, becoming the fourth woman in history to achieve the feat. By winning the 2016 French Open title, Hingis completed the mixed doubles Career Grand Slam. She became the 7th female player in history to achieve this. In the 1990s, Hingis was sponsored by Sergio Tacchini. She sued the company in 2001, demanding $40 million","Graf–Sabatini rivalry in the semifinal of the French Open and the US Open final to complete the calendar year Grand Slam. Graf then made it a Golden Grand Slam by defeating the Argentine in the Olympic final as well. The pair's most famous match undoubtably came in 1991 at Wimbledon. Sabatini was two points away from capturing her Wimbledon singles crown only for Steffi to fight back and take the match 8–6 in the deciding set. Graf and Sabatini first met in 1985 and by the end of 1987 the pair had met a total of eleven times, Graf winning all of","Grand Slam (tennis) clay, and Wimbledon on grass. Wimbledon is the oldest, founded in 1877, followed by the US in 1881, the French in 1891, and the Australian in 1905. However, of these four, only Wimbledon was a major before 1924–25, when all four became designated Grand Slam tournaments. Skipping majors—especially the Australian Open because of the remoteness, the inconvenient dates (around Christmas and New Year's Day) and the low prize money—was not unusual before 1982. Grand Slam tournaments are not operated by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) or the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), but by the International Tennis Federation (ITF). However,","Ana Ivanovic a professional from 2003 until 2016, Ivanovic won 14 WTA Tour singles titles, and one Grand Slam singles title, the French Open in 2008. Additionally during this time, she earned over $15 million in prize money, which is the 20th highest in the all-time rankings. In June 2011, she was named one of the \"30 Legends of Women's Tennis: Past, Present and Future\" by \"Time\" and was also included on the list of \"Top 100 Greatest Players Ever\" (male and female combined) by reporter Matthew Cronin. Her first breakthrough came at the 2004 Zurich Open, where she qualified and was","Gabriela Sabatini three sets, despite the fact that Sabatini served for the match twice. Sabatini came close to attaining the World No. 1 ranking in 1991, but was narrowly denied by Graf and then Monica Seles. All three players' rankings were within a few points of each other for much of the year. Although winning five tournaments in 1992, Sabatini failed to reach a grand slam final. At the 1992 Australian Open, Sabatini lost to Mary Joe Fernández in the semifinals with a score of 6–1, 6–4. At the 1992 French Open, Sabatini lost a tight match to Seles in the semifinals","Gabriela Sabatini Gabriela Beatriz Sabatini (; born 16 May 1970) is an Argentine former professional tennis player. She was one of the leading players on the women's circuit in the late-1980s and early-1990s. She won one women's grand slam singles title at the US Open in 1990, the women's grand slam doubles title at Wimbledon in 1988, two WTA Finals in 1988 and 1994, and a silver medal at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul. Sabatini also won most of the highest level regular events on the women's tour including Miami and Rome (four times). In the late 1980s, Sabatini"],"string":"[\n \"Chanda Rubin wife, Bernadette Fontenot Rubin. They have two other children. Rubin married Mireyou Hollier in April 2015 and their daughter was born in October 2016. Rubin is very private about her personal life. Throughout her long career, she has been ranked as high as No. 6 in the world even though she has been plagued by injuries. Rubin was the third African-American woman in the Open era to reach the top ten after Zina Garrison and Lori McNeil. Rubin reached the quarterfinals at the French Open in 1995, 2000, and 2003; in 1995 on her way to the quarterfinals she defeated\",\n \"Silicon Valley Classic tournament was sponsored by Bank of the West from 1992 to 2017, and held on the campus of Stanford University from 1997 to 2017. Martina Navratilova holds the record for the most singles titles: five (1979–1980, 1988, 1991, and 1993). It is currently owned and operated by IMG. Since 2014 the event is scheduled a week after the normal collocation, in place of previous tournament Southern California Open. While commonly known as the \\\"Stanford Classic\\\" from 1997–2017, the event moved to San Jose State University in 2018 and received a new sponsor, Mubadala Investment Company. It was renamed as the\",\n \"Jasmine Trias signed a record deal with Universal Records for the album's release in the Philippines. Her self-titled debut album with Clockwork Entertainment was released on July 12, 2005 in the U.S.. It has since sold 14,000 copies in the US alone according to Nielsen SoundScan and a reported 50,000 worldwide. She has since been certified platinum in the Philippines. Trias headlined tours in Manila, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Guam in 2004. To end her whirlwind visit to the Philippines, dubbed \\\"Jasmania,\\\" she met President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. Trias left Clockwork Entertainment due to poor management and promotion; and is now with\",\n \"the first tennis player, male or female, to hold a Career Golden Slam in both singles and doubles. Matches took place between 28 July and 4 August. Women's singles Draw Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's singles The women's singles tennis tournament at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon from 28 July to 4 August 2012, and was the first Olympic grass court tournament since tennis was re-introduced to the Games. Elena Dementieva was the reigning champion having won gold at the 2008 Olympics in\",\n \"Agnieszka Radwańska was accidentally revealed by her friend, Caroline Wozniacki, on September 7, 2016. On July 22, 2017, they got married surrounded by family, friends and her WTA and ATP peers. In attendance were Aga's younger sister Urszula, Angelique Kerber, Caroline Wozniacki, former Polish No. 1 Marta Domachowska, Alicja Rosolska, Katarzyna Piter, Wimbledon doubles Champion Łukasz Kubot, Mariusz Fyrstenberg, Marcin Matkowski and also former Wimbledon semifinalist Jerzy Janowicz. The wedding ceremony took place at the Church of St Michael the Archangel and St Stanislaus Bishop and Martyr, Pauline Fathers Monastery, Skałka, in Krakow, Poland, where Radwańska was baptized. Radwańska won the junior\",\n \"for four consecutive years, from 2012 (the year of her Grand Slam singles debut) to 2015. In the first round of the 2016 French Open, she defeated world No. 67 Christina McHale 6-7(7), 6-0, 6-3 to register her first career win over a player ranked in the top 100 of the WTA singles rankings, before losing in the second round to the No. 4 seed Garbiñe Muguruza 2-6, 0-6 in 53 minutes. Myrtille Georges Myrtille Georges (; born 21 December 1990) is a French professional tennis player. Georges has a career high WTA singles ranking of world No. 168, which\",\n \"Bob Bryan Robert Charles Bryan (born April 29, 1978) is an American professional tennis player. He has won twenty-three Grand Slam titles: 16 in men's doubles and 7 in mixed doubles. He turned professional in 1998. With his twin brother Mike, he has been the world No. 1 doubles player for much of the last several years, first achieving the top ranking in September 2003. The brothers were named ATP Team of the Decade for 2000–2009. The brothers became the second men's doubles team to complete the career Golden Slam at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Bob Bryan ended\",\n \"going from one of the most dominant athletes in tennis to hardly winning tournaments. Djokovic later stopped working with him in April 2018. Pepe Imaz José \\\"Pepe\\\" Imaz Ruiz (born 30 May 1974 in Logroño) is a tennis coach and former professional tennis player from Spain. Imaz made his debut on the ATP Tour at the 1995 Austrian Open. He lost to Sergi Bruguera in the second round, having earlier beaten Christian Miniussi. His most noteworthy performance came in the 1998 French Open, the only Grand Slam of his career. The Spaniard had a five set opening round win over\",\n \"Williams sisters rivalry 2002 French Open to the 2003 Australian Open. Serena won all four of these finals. Venus has won 49 singles titles over the course of her career, and Serena has won 72. The two sisters remain personally very close. They have won 22 titles when playing doubles together, including 14 Grand Slam titles and 3 Olympic gold medals. Serena and Venus Williams played their first professional match against each other in the second round of the 1998 Australian Open. Venus won 7–6(4), 6–1. The match was described as \\\"subpar\\\". They played again in the quarterfinals of the Italian Open, the\",\n \"Zhang Shuai (tennis) first singles match in a Grand Slam tournament at the 2016 Australian Open, when, as a qualifier, she defeated world No. 2 Simona Halep en-route to the quarterfinals. Zhang had lost all 14 of her main-draw Grand Slam matches up to that point, a stretch that started with the 2008 US Open. Alongside Li Na, Zheng Jie and Peng Shuai, Zhang is one of only four Chinese tennis players having made the quarterfinals of a Grand Slam tournament. Zhang, born in Tianjin, started playing tennis at the age of six, when her parents took her to a local tennis club.\",\n \"Sheena Easton Murray. In 1981, \\\"Morning Train (Nine to Five)\\\" topped the US Hot 100, making her the third UK female solo artist to achieve this, following Petula Clark and Lulu, and she became one of the most successful British female performers of the 1980s. A six-time Grammy nominee in the U.S., Easton is a two-time Grammy Award winner, winning Best New Artist in 1981 and Best Mexican-American Performance in 1985, for her duet with Luis Miguel on the song \\\"Me Gustas Tal Como Eres\\\". She has received five U.S. Gold albums and one U.S. Platinum album. She has recorded 16 studio\",\n \"Germaine Greer March 1971, dressed in a monk's habit, Greer marched through central London with 2,500 women in a Women's Liberation March. By that month \\\"The Female Eunuch\\\" had been translated into eight languages and had nearly sold out its second printing. McGraw-Hill published it in the United States on 16 April 1971. The toast of New York, Greer insisted on staying at the Hotel Chelsea, a haunt of writers and artists, rather than at the Algonquin Hotel where her publisher had booked her; her book launch had to be rescheduled because so many people wanted to attend. A \\\"New York Times\\\"\",\n \"Alanis Morissette discography These albums, released only in Canada, are often not mentioned in the media, which tend to consider \\\"Jagged Little Pill\\\" (1995), released on Maverick Records, as her debut album. \\\"Jagged\\\" remains one of the most successful albums in music history, holding the record as the best-selling debut album worldwide, the second best-selling album by a female artist (behind Shania Twain's \\\"Come On Over\\\") and having sold more than 33 million copies worldwide. Such hits as \\\"You Oughta Know\\\", \\\"Hand in My Pocket\\\", \\\"Ironic\\\", and \\\"Head over Feet\\\" helped Morissette become the first Canadian woman to top the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200. \\\"Jagged\\\"\",\n \"Agnieszka Radwańska 2012 Wimbledon Championships), the first Pole to win the WTA Finals (in 2015), the first Pole to claim a WTA singles title (the 2007 Nordea Nordic Light Open), and was one half of the first Polish team to win the Hopman Cup tournament. In addition, she won the WTA Award for Most Impressive Newcomer in 2006. Radwańska was voted the WTA's Fan Favorite Singles Player for six consecutive years (2011–2016), the most of any player, in polls held by \\\"WTATennis.com\\\". Radwańska also won WTA's Fan Favorite Shot of the Year for five consecutive years (2013–2017). For her accomplishments in sport\",\n \"Eliane Elias with Brazilian singer-songwriter Toquinho and touring with the poet Vinicius de Moraes. In 1981, she moved to New York City, where she attended The Juilliard School of Music. A year later she became part of the group Steps Ahead. Her first album was a collaboration with Randy Brecker entitled \\\"Amanda\\\" in 1984. Shortly after, her solo career began when she signed to Blue Note Records and released the album \\\"Illusions\\\" in 1987, featuring Steve Gadd and Stanley Clarke. The following year \\\"Cross Currents\\\" appeared, with Eddie Gomez and Peter Erskine. The third solo album, \\\"So Far So Close\\\", hadEumir Deodato\",\n \"Abby Wambach Player of the Year, becoming the first American woman to win the award in ten years. She was included on the 2015 Time 100 list as one of the most influential people in the world. Wambach competed in four FIFA Women's World Cup tournaments: 2003 in the United States, 2007 in China, 2011 in Germany, and 2015 in Canada, being champion of the last edition; and two Olympics tournaments: 2004 in Athens and 2012 in London, winning the gold medal on both. All together, she played in 29 matches and scored 22 goals at these five international tournaments. She played\",\n \"Elena Dementieva disintegrated. She summed up her performance by saying: \\\"I just don't know how to serve\\\". Previous female Russian Grand Slam finalists had been: Dementieva's coach at the time, Olga Morozova, at 1974's French Open and Wimbledon, followed by Natalia Zvereva at the 1988 French Open. Later that year at the US Open, after first round losses at Wimbledon to Sandra Kleinová and the Summer Olympics to eventual bronze-medalist Alicia Molik, Dementieva reached her second Grand Slam final, defeating Mauresmo and Jennifer Capriati en route, both in third set tie-breaks. Countrywoman Svetlana Kuznetsova defeated Dementieva in straight sets in the final,\",\n \"the number of those tournaments played Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling Hildegard \\\"Hilde\\\" Krahwinkel Sperling ( \\\"née\\\" Krahwinkel; 26 March 1908 – 7 March 1981) was a German tennis player who became a dual-citizen after marrying Dane Svend Sperling in December 1933. She won three consecutive singles titles at the French Championships from 1935 to 1937. Krahwinkel Sperling is generally regarded as the second-greatest female German tennis player in history, behind Steffi Graf. Sperling played a counterpunching game, predicated on speed, and wore down opponents. Helen Jacobs once wrote that Sperling was the third-best player she ever played, behind Helen Wills Moody\",\n \"Romina Arena In 2003, Microsoft used her first Rock Opera single \\\"Satellite\\\" (Recorded in English and Italian) as the theme song for the video game Project Gotham Racing 2. According to her interviews and press releases, Arena has had several number-one hits in Italy, Germany, Australia and Japan, selling over 4 million records worldwide over the lifetime of her career. Arena developed a style that is a blend of operatic pop, rock and classical crossover. In 2012, she released the album \\\"Morricone.Uncovered\\\" in which she performs film music by Ennio Morricone to which she had set her own lyrics. According to the\",\n \"Àlex Corretja up in the fifth set tiebreak, where Corretja held a match point later on, but he eventually lost to Sampras on a double fault in 4 hours and 9 minutes 6–7, 7–5, 7–5, 4–6, 6–7. In 1997, Corretja captured three titles, including his first Tennis Masters Series title in Rome, where he defeated Marcelo Ríos 7–5, 7–5, 6–3. (He won a second Masters Series title in 2000 at Indian Wells.) 1998 saw Corretja reach his first Grand Slam final at the French Open. In the third round, he defeated Argentina's Hernán Gumy in (at the time) the longest match in\",\n \"Petr Korda ranked the joint-World No. 1 junior doubles players that year. Junior Slam results: Korda turned professional in 1987. He won his first career doubles title in 1988, and his first top-level singles title in 1991. Korda was involved in four Grand Slam finals during his career – two in singles and two in doubles. Korda also was known for the \\\"Scissors Kick\\\" which he would do at midcourt after winning matches. In 1990, Korda and Goran Ivanišević finished runners-up in the men's doubles at the French Open, and as a result, Korda reached his career-high doubles ranking of world No.\",\n \"Stade Roland Garros Stade Roland Garros (\\\"Roland Garros Stadium\\\", ) is a tennis venue located in Paris, France, that hosts the French Open—also known as Roland Garros, particularly within Europe—a Grand Slam championship tournament played annually around the end of May and the beginning of June. It is named for Roland Garros, a pioneering French aviator. The facility was constructed in 1928 to host France's first defence of the Davis Cup. The 8.5-hectare (21-acre) complex contains twenty courts, including three large-capacity stadiums; \\\"Les Jardins de Roland Garros\\\", a large restaurant and bar complex; \\\"Le Village\\\", the press and VIP area;\",\n \"Petra Cetkovská Petra Cetkovská Petra Cetkovská (; born 8 February 1985 in Prostějov, Czechoslovakia) is a former tennis player from the Czech Republic. Having turned professional in 2000, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 25 on 18 June 2012. Over her career, Cetkovská has defeated top players Marion Bartoli, Elena Dementieva, Ana Ivanovic, Angelique Kerber, Li Na, Agnieszka Radwańska, Caroline Wozniacki, and Vera Zvonareva. Cetkovská has been playing tennis since she was five. Her father Petr works at a pro shop in a local tennis club, while her mother Alena is a nurse. She has one younger brother, Matej.\",\n \"Angela Mortimer Florence Angela Margaret Mortimer Barrett (\\\"née\\\" Mortimer; born 21 April 1932) is a former world No. 1 female tennis player from England. She was born in Plymouth, Devon, England. She is married to the veteran BBC commentator and author John Barrett. Mortimer won three Grand Slam singles titles: the 1955 French Championships, the 1958 Australian Championships, and Wimbledon in 1961 when she was 29 years old and partially deaf. Mortimer teamed with Anne Shilcock to win the women's doubles title at Wimbledon in 1955, her only women's doubles title at a Grand Slam. She teamed with Coghlan to\",\n \"influence, especially for the North African setting, was the 1930 movie \\\"Morocco\\\", starring Marlene Dietrich and Gary Cooper in very similar central roles, she being a singer-dancer, he being a soldier. The work received its first performance at the Vienna State Opera on 20 January 1934, with Jarmila Novotná and Richard Tauber in the leading roles. The premiere attracted more attention than any of his previous works. It was broadcast live on 120 radio stations across Europe and the United States and ran for 42 performances in its debut season. Despite this initial interest, \\\"Giuditta\\\" soon faded from the repertoire,\",\n \"Serena Williams (6). She also holds the all-time record for the most women's singles matches won at majors with 331 matches. Williams has won 14 Grand Slam doubles titles, all with her sister Venus, and the pair are unbeaten in Grand Slam doubles finals. As a team, she and Venus have the third most women's doubles Grand Slam titles, behind the 18 titles of Natasha Zvereva (14 with Gigi Fernández) and the record 20 titles won by Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver. Williams is also a five-time winner of the WTA Tour Championships in the singles division. She has also won four\",\n \"Billie Jean King the first of her six singles titles at Wimbledon and the first of twelve Grand Slam singles titles overall, defeating Court in the semifinals 6–3, 6–3 and Maria Bueno in the final. King credited her semifinal victory to her forehand down the line, a new shot in her repertoire. She also said that the strategy for playing Court is, \\\"Simple. Just chip the ball back at her feet.\\\" At the U.S. Championships, an ill King was upset by Kerry Melville Reid in the second round. King successfully defended her title at the South African Tennis Championships in 1967, defeating Maria\",\n \"Gigi Fernández 1997. One of most successful tennis player, along with Monica Puig, Rebekah Colberg and Cindy Colbert, in the history of Puerto Rico, Fernández was named Puerto Rico's \\\"Female Athlete of the Century\\\" in 1999. On July 12, 2010, Fernández was inducted in the International Tennis Hall of Fame alongside Zvereva. Her father Tuto was a well-known doctor in Puerto Rico. Her cousin José Ferrer was a famous Puerto Rican actor and director. Fernández started playing tennis when she was seven. When she turned professional in 1983, she became Puerto Rico's first-ever female professional athlete. Prior to turning professional, she played\",\n \"Billie Jean King Betty Moffitt, King's mother, died on February 7, 2014, the day of the 2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremonies. Billie Jean was selected to deliver the Northwestern University commencement address on June 16, 2017 in Evanston, Illinois. She attended the 75th Golden Globe Awards in 2018 as a guest of Emma Stone. King and her partner Ilana Kloss became minority owners of the Los Angeles Dodgers baseball team in September 2018. Margaret Court, who won more Grand Slam titles than anyone, has said that King was \\\"the greatest competitor I've ever known\\\". Chris Evert, winner of 18 Grand Slam singles titles,\",\n \"Anastasija Sevastova Anastasija Sevastova (born 13 April 1990) is a professional tennis player from Latvia. Having retired in 2013 due to recurring injuries, Sevastova returned to competition in 2015 and at the 2016 US Open she defeated third-seeded Garbiñe Muguruza as well as Johanna Konta en route to her first Grand Slam quarterfinal. She topped that at the 2018 US Open, defeating defending champion Sloane Stephens en route to the semi-final. In 2007, she qualified for the İstanbul Cup where she won her first career WTA match against Anastasiya Yakimova in the first round. She then lost to fifth-seeded Alona\",\n \"Nathalie Tauziat French Fed Cup team, which won its first title in the history of the competition. Tauziat reached her career-high singles ranking of World No. 3 at the age of 32 years and 6 months in the spring of 2000, making her the oldest woman to debut in the top three and the fourth oldest to be ranked in the top three. She retired from the WTA Tour tennis circuit after the 2003 French Open, after having played only doubles in 2002 and 2003. Tauziat won 8 singles titles and 25 doubles titles during her career. She wrote a book with\",\n \"2003 US Open (tennis) The 2003 US Open was held between August 25 – September 7, 2003. Both Pete Sampras and Serena Williams did not defend their titles from 2002; Sampras unofficially retired after winning his final Grand Slam title the previous year, and Serena Williams was forced to miss the tournament after withdrawing through injury. This was the first time since 1971 in which neither champion was able to defend their title. Andy Roddick, who previously won the 2000 US Open as a junior, won his only Grand Slam title, defeating Juan Carlos Ferrero (who inherited the World No.1\",\n \"Sinéad O'Connor name Shuhada' Davitt. Sinéad O'Connor Shuhada' Davitt (born Sinéad Marie Bernadette O'Connor , 8 December 1966) is an Irish singer-songwriter who rose to fame in the late 1980s with her debut album \\\"The Lion and the Cobra\\\". As Sinéad O'Connor, she achieved worldwide success in 1990 with a new arrangement of Prince's song \\\"Nothing Compares 2 U\\\". Since then, while maintaining her singing career, she has occasionally encountered controversy, partly due to her statements and gestures—such as her ordination as a priest despite being a woman with a Roman Catholic background—and her strongly expressed views on organised religion, women's rights,\",\n \"Court, Virginia Wade, Pam Shriver, and Gabriela Sabatini. She holds an 8–7 career record over King. She married French businessman Claude Balestrat in 1983. On 30 August 2000, Fromholtz was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for her strong commitment to tennis. SR = the ratio of the number of Grand Slam singles tournaments won to the number of those tournaments played. Note: The Australian Open was held twice in 1977, in January and December. Dianne Fromholtz Dianne Fromholtz Balestrat (\\\"née\\\" Fromholtz; born 10 August 1956) is an Australian former professional tennis player who reached a highest singles ranking of world\",\n \"Madonna (entertainer) 1978 to pursue a career in modern dance. After performing as a drummer, guitarist, and vocalist in the rock bands Breakfast Club and Emmy, Madonna signed with Sire Records in 1982 and released her eponymous debut album the next year. She followed it with a series of successful albums, including the global bestsellers \\\"Like a Virgin\\\" (1984) and \\\"True Blue\\\" (1986), as well as the Grammy Award winners \\\"Ray of Light\\\" (1998) and \\\"Confessions on a Dance Floor\\\" (2005). Throughout her career, Madonna has written and produced most of her songs, with many of them reaching number one on the\",\n \"Grand Slam tournament. Kim Clijsters defeated Lindsay Davenport, 6–1, 3–6, 6–3 Mary Pierce / Rennae Stubbs defeated Elena Bovina / Els Callens, 6–3, 6–3 2003 JPMorgan Chase Open The 2003 JPMorgan Chase Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts that was part of the Tier II Series of the 2004 WTA Tour. It was the 30th edition of the tournament and took place in Los Angeles, California, United States, from August 4 through August 10, 2003. First-seeded Kim Clijsters won the singles title and earned $97,000 first-prize money. As a result of her win Clijsters became\",\n \"appeared in the final five times, winning in 1987, making him the only Israeli to win the event. Jimmy Connors won his final career singles title at the event in 1989. In 1990 and 1991 the tournament was known as the \\\"Riklis Classic\\\" before reverting to the Tel Aviv Open for the remainder of its existence. The tournament still holds the ATP record for the youngest winner of an ATP event (Aaron Krickstein in 1983, at the age of 16 and 2 months). The event was rescheduled to appear in the 2014 ATP World Tour, but with the war along\",\n \"Isabel Preysler the United Nations in New York, making her the first woman of Filipino descent in history to win the award. In 2007, she and her daughters were invited by Prince Charles to be guests of honour at his London home, Clarence House. In 1970, Preysler was introduced to a retired football player named Julio Iglesias, who just signed a recording contract to become a singer. Iglesias invited her to watch a concert. The couple was married seven months later on 29 January 1971. They were married for seven years and the couple had three children, María Isabel (b. 1971), Julio\",\n \"Karolína Plíšková Karolína Plíšková Karolína Plíšková (; born 21 March 1992) is a Czech professional tennis player. She is a former world No. 1 and is currently ranked No. 7 in the world by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). Plíšková has won eleven singles and five doubles titles on the WTA tour, as well as 10 singles and six doubles titles on the ITF circuit in her career. On 31 October 2016, she peaked at world No. 11 in the doubles rankings. She reached her first Grand Slam final at the 2016 US Open, where she was runner-up to Angelique Kerber in\",\n \"Monica Seles her last professional match at the 2003 French Open, but did not officially retire until February 2008. Regarded by many in the sport as one of the greatest tennis players of all time, Seles was named one of the \\\"30 Legends of Women's Tennis: Past, Present and Future\\\" by \\\"Time\\\". Several players and historians have stated that Seles had the potential to become the most accomplished female player of all time had she not been stabbed. She was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2009. Seles was born in Yugoslavia into an ethnic Hungarian family. Her parents\",\n \"Slam match. In his remaining three Grand Slams he had the misfortune of having to start the tournaments against two third seeds (Thomas Muster and Magnus Norman) and at the 2000 US Open had to play eventual champion Marat Safin. Thierry Guardiola Thierry Guardiola (born 7 August 1971) is a former professional tennis player from France. Guardiola, aged 15, broke a thigh bone playing in the juniors and was told that he would never play tennis again. He however went on to win the Under-18 French National Championships in 1989. In 1994 he upset world number 11 Magnus Gustafsson at\",\n \"Tennis in Romania ranking in 1973 after winning the US Open in 1972 and the French Open in 1973. Women's tennis, in particular, has seen tremendous successes both in the 20th and 21st centuries, with the advent of Florența Mihai, Virginia Ruzici, Irina Spîrlea and Simona Halep. Three of these women reached the Top 10 of the WTA rankings in singles, namely Ruzici, Spîrlea and Halep whilst Mihai, Ruzici and Halep reached Grand Slam finals with Ruzici winning the French Open in 1978 and Halep winning the same tournament in 2018. Tournaments held in Romania on the men's tour every year included Romanian\",\n \"May 2013. Later that summer, Cabeza Candela played in her first main draw of a Grand Slam at Wimbledon. She lost in the first round to Caroline Wozniacki 6–0, 6–2. In early July, Cabeza Candela reached her farthest result in a WTA tournament by reaching the semifinals of Internazionali Femminili di Palermo losing to the Italian, Roberta Vinci, in three sets. Estrella Cabeza Candela Estrella Cabeza Candela (; born 20 February 1987) is a Spanish professional tennis player. Cabeza Candela has won 11 singles and 13 doubles titles on the ITF circuit in her career. On 13 May 2013, she\",\n \"Open, and at Wimbledon, and then she lost in the third round at the US Open. In Miami, Capriati ended Monica Seles's streak of 21 consecutive finals by defeating her in the quarterfinals. Capriati finished the year ranked in the top 10 for the third straight year, at No. 7. She also became the youngest player to surpass $1 million in prize money (Martina Hingis would later break this record). Also in 1992, a Sega Genesis video game titled \\\"Jennifer Capriati Tennis\\\" was released by Renovation Products. At her first tournament (Sydney 1993), Capriati defeated third-ranked Sabatini in the semifinals\",\n \"Patty Schnyder over American former No. 1 Lindsay Davenport, and 5 doubles titles. Her first title on U.S. soil came in August 2005, when she won at Cincinnati's Western & Southern Financial Group Women's Open. Schnyder defeated four top-10 players consecutively, including Serena Williams and then-world No. 1 Jennifer Capriati, in 2002 at the Family Circle Cup in Charleston, which is the largest women-only tennis event held in the United States. Schnyder's best Grand Slam performance came at the 2004 Australian Open, where she reached the semifinals, before falling to Kim Clijsters. Later that season, she also reached the semifinals at the\",\n \"her greatest successes on the WTA tour. He also has been the coach of former world number three Sloane Stephens. Nick Saviano Nick Saviano (born June 5, 1956) is an American former tennis player and subsequent tennis coach. Saviano won one singles title during his career as a pro (1983 Lorraine Open). The left-hander reached his highest individual ranking on the professional ATP Tour on July 12, 1978, when he became the number 48 ranked player in the world. On October 7, 1979, he won a doubles title with John Lloyd in Hawaii. He was an All-American playing tennis for\",\n \"US Open (tennis) already regarded it as a major championship, the International Lawn Tennis Federation officially designated it as one of the world's major tournaments commencing in 1924. At the 1922 U.S. National Championships, the draw seeded players for the first time to prevent the leading players from playing each other in the early rounds. The open era began in 1968 when professional tennis players were allowed to compete for the first time at the Grand Slam tournament held at the West Side Tennis Club. The previous U.S. National Championships had been limited to amateur players. Except for mixed doubles, all events at\",\n \"Don Budge John Donald (\\\"Don\\\" or \\\"Donnie\\\") Budge (June 13, 1915 – January 26, 2000) was an American tennis player. He was a World No. 1 player for five years, first as an amateur and then as a professional. He is most famous as the first player, male or female, and only American male to win in a single year the four tournaments that comprise the Grand Slam of tennis and second male player to win all four Grand Slam events in his career after Fred Perry, and is still the youngest to achieve that feat. He won 10 majors,\",\n \"Alicia Molik Molik has expressed her intention to focus on her new life as a mother, rather than professional tennis. She won her first Grand Slam doubles title at the 2005 Australian Open with partner Svetlana Kuznetsova. She reached the top ten on the WTA tour for the first time in early 2005 following her first Grand Slam quarterfinal singles appearance, at the Australian Open, where she lost 7–9 in the final set to Lindsay Davenport. Molik won the bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens in the women's singles competition beating then world No. 3 Anastasia Myskina in straight\",\n \"Margaret Court career statistics woman to have achieved the mixed doubles Grand Slam, which she did twice. Court won more than half of the Grand Slam singles tournaments she played (24 of 47). She won 192 singles titles before and after the Open Era, an all-time record. Her career singles win-loss record was 1,177-106, for a winning percentage of 91.74 percent on all surfaces (hard, clay, grass, carpet), is also an all-time record. She won at least 100 singles matches in 1965 (113-8), 1968 (107-12), 1969 (104-6), 1970 (110-6), and 1973 (108-6). She won more than 80 percent of her singles matches against top\",\n \"Arnaud Boetsch Arnaud Boetsch (born 1 April 1969) is a former French tennis player who turned professional in 1987. Known for his stylish single-handed backhand, he won 3 career titles, reaching his highest ATP singles ranking of World No. 12 in April 1996. Boetsch reached the fourth round once in each of the four grand slams between 1991 and 1996, notably beating Richard Krajicek in five sets in his 1992 Wimbledon run (Krajicek would go on to win the title four years later). Boetsch represented France at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where he was defeated in the second\",\n \"Iveta Benešová to Benešová. Iveta Benešová Iveta Benešová () (formerly Melzer, ; born 1 February 1983) is a Czech former tennis player. She began playing tennis at age of 7 and turned professional in 1998 in Prague. She won two WTA Tour singles and 14 doubles events, and one Grand Slam title in mixed doubles, partnering with Jürgen Melzer at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. On 14 September 2012, she married Melzer and adopted his family name. She announced her retirement from professional tennis via her Facebook page on August 13th, 2014. In 2015, she divorced Melzer and reverted to using her maiden\",\n \"Yaroslava Shvedova Slam women's doubles titles, the 2010 Wimbledon Championships and the 2010 US Open, partnering American player Vania King in both. Shvedova is also one of only seven players to record a golden set in the professional era. She achieved this feat at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships in her match against Sara Errani, the only time a golden set was recorded in a Grand Slam. She began wearing prescription sports glasses in 2012 after seeking medical advice about a nervous tic in one eye. In February 2007, she unexpectedly reached the final of the Sony Ericsson International in Bangalore, beating home-crowd\",\n \"Helena Suková athletes. On January 24, 2018, Helena Sukova was elected into the Tennis Hall of Fame. Helena Suková Helena Suková () (born 23 February 1965) is a former professional tennis player from the Czech Republic. During her career, she won 14 Grand Slam doubles titles, 9 of them in women's doubles and 5 of them in mixed doubles. She also was a four-time Grand Slam singles runner-up and won 10 singles titles and 69 doubles titles. Suková comes from a prominent Czech tennis family. Her mother, Věra Pužejová Suková, was a women's singles finalist at Wimbledon in 1962. Her father, Cyril\",\n \"Amélie Mauresmo her 2006 Australian Open title, Mauresmo was often touted as \\\"the greatest women's player never to win a Grand Slam.\\\" After winning the 2006 Wimbledon title, Mauresmo openly joked, \\\"I don't want anyone to talk about my nerves any more.\\\" Mauresmo is one of the few tennis players, male or female, to have reached the top ranking without first winning a Grand Slam singles title. Other players who had done so were Kim Clijsters, Ivan Lendl, Marcelo Ríos, Jelena Janković, Dinara Safina, Caroline Wozniacki, Karolina Pliskova and Simona Halep. In April 2015, Mauresmo announced via Twitter that she was pregnant\",\n \"West Side Tennis Club was the final of the International Lawn Tennis Challenge, which saw the U.S. defeat Australia. Althea Gibson became the first black player to play in a Grand Slam event in 1950 (in 1957 she became the first black player to win the tournament), and Billie Jean King was the first player to win a Grand Slam event with a metal racket in 1967. In 1968, the year of the first televised broadcast of the US Open, Arthur Ashe became the first black man to win a Grand Slam tournament there. Beginning in 1971 the stadium was home to the annual\",\n \"Luciano Pavarotti well known for his televised concerts and media appearances. From the beginning of his professional career as a tenor in 1961 in Italy to his final performance of \\\"Nessun dorma\\\" at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Pavarotti was at his best in bel canto operas, pre-\\\"Aida\\\" Verdi roles, and Puccini works such as \\\"La bohème\\\", \\\"Tosca\\\", and \\\"Madama Butterfly\\\". He sold over 100 million records, and the first Three Tenors recording became the best-selling classical album of all time. Pavarotti was also noted for his charity work on behalf of refugees and the Red Cross, amongst others. He died\",\n \"Amélie Mauresmo and expecting the baby in August. On 16 August 2015, it was announced that she had given birth to a baby boy. She gave birth to her daughter, Ayla, on April 2017. Mauresmo's apparel and footwear on court was manufactured by Nike, and later Reebok. In the early 2000s, she used Dunlop 200G+1.00 racquet. Amélie Mauresmo Amélie Simone Mauresmo (; born 5 July 1979) is a French former professional tennis player, and a former world No. 1. Mauresmo won two Grand Slam singles titles at the Australian Open and at Wimbledon, and also won a Silver Medal at the 2004\",\n \"Maria Sharapova go on to win two Grand Slam singles titles and become Russia's first world No. 1 ranked tennis player. Aleksandr gave Sharapova her first tennis racquet in 1991 when she was four, whereupon she began practicing regularly with her father at a local park. Maria took her first tennis lessons with veteran Russian coach Yuri Yutkin, who was instantly impressed when he saw her play, noting her \\\"exceptional hand-eye coordination\\\". In 1993, at the age of six, Sharapova attended a tennis clinic in Moscow run by Martina Navratilova, who recommended professional training at the IMG Academy in Bradenton, Florida, which\",\n \"Williams sisters of them has been knocked out of a tournament. Both sisters have been ranked by the Women's Tennis Association at the world No. 1 position in both singles and doubles. In 2002, after the French Open, Venus Williams and Serena Williams were ranked No. 1 and No. 2, respectively, marking the first time in history that sisters occupied the top 2 singles spots in the world rankings. During the 2010 French Open, they became the co-world No. 1 players in women's doubles. On 21 June 2010, Serena and Venus again held the No. 1 and No. 2 rankings spots in\",\n \"Tennis in Spain Open champion in 1989, 1994 and 1998, and 1994 US Open Champion), Carlos Moyá (1998 French Open champion) and Juan Carlos Ferrero (2003 French Open Champion). Other Grand Slam champions are Manuel Santana (1961, 1964 French Opens, 1966 Wimbledon and 1965 US Open), Sergi Bruguera (1993-1994 French Opens), Andrés Gimeno (1972 French Open), Manuel Orantes (1975 US Open), Conchita Martínez (1994 Wimbledon), Albert Costa (2002 French Open) and Garbiñe Muguruza (2016 French Open and 2017 Wimbledon). Tournaments held in Spain on the men's tour every year include Madrid, Barcelona, and Valencia. The women have events in Madrid, Barcelona, and Marbella.\",\n \"Grand Slam (figure skating) Plushenko. Totals by nation The following table shows the numbers of Grand Slams by nation. Records The following table shows the first (or youngest/oldest) skater who achieved the Grand Slam. Chronological Four ladies' single skaters have completed the Grand Slam. Of these skaters, only one (Evgenia Medvedeva) has accomplished the feat twice. Totals by nation The following table shows the numbers of Grand Slams by nation. Records The following table shows the first (or youngest/oldest) skater who achieved the Grand Slam. Chronological Six pair teams have completed the Grand Slam. German couple of Aliona Savchenko and Robin Szolkowy is the\",\n \"Billie Jean King for gender equality and has long been a pioneer for equality and social justice. In 1973, at age 29, she won the \\\"Battle of the Sexes\\\" tennis match against the 55-year-old Bobby Riggs. She was also the founder of the Women's Tennis Association and the Women's Sports Foundation. She was also instrumental in persuading cigarette brand Virginia Slims to sponsor women's tennis in the 1970s and went on to serve on the board of their parent company Philip Morris in the 2000s. Regarded by many in the sport as one of the greatest tennis players of all time, King was\",\n \"Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics 2002, 2003, 2009 and 2010. She also defended her women's doubles title alongside her sister Venus Williams, who had won singles gold in Sydney in 2000. With her singles gold, she became the second female player to win a career singles Golden Slam - Olympic gold in addition to the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open, with the first being Steffi Graf in 1988 after she won all five events that year (a feat not yet matched by another player, male or female.) Williams also became the first player in history, male or female, to win\",\n \"where she retired in the first round to Jill Craybas; she was the champion in 1995, making her the first (and so far only) player to win both the championship and wooden spoon at the very same Grand Slam tournament. As of October 2013, Pierce lives in Black River, Mauritius where she teaches tennis. In the early 2000s, Pierce wore Nike apparel and used Yonex racquets on court. Mary Pierce Mary Pierce (born 15 January 1975) is a retired tennis professional. She represented France internationally in team competitions and in the Olympics. Pierce won four Grand Slam titles: two in\",\n \"reach her first Grand Slam final in September 2017. Since July 2018 he's become a head coach, accompanying another WTA pro on the women's tour: Elise Mertens. Dieter Kindlmann Dieter Kindlmann (born 3 June 1982) is a German former professional tennis player, hitting partner and current coach. He reached his highest individual ranking on the ATP Tour on 26 July 2004, when he became World number 130. His best appearance at a Grand Slam came at the 2006 French Open, where he reached the main draw as a qualifier, losing in the second round. After retirement as a player he\",\n \"Geri Halliwell last two years in the group. In 1999, Halliwell launched her solo career and released her debut album \\\"Schizophonic\\\", which spawned three number ones at the UK Singles Chart, \\\"Mi Chico Latino\\\", \\\"Lift Me Up\\\", and \\\"Bag It Up\\\", while the lead single \\\"Look at Me\\\" peaked at number two. In 2001, Halliwell released her second album \\\"Scream If You Wanna Go Faster\\\"; the first single, \\\"It's Raining Men\\\", peaked at number one in the UK and went on to become the biggest hit of her career. She released her third studio album \\\"Passion\\\" in 2005. Halliwell has been nominated\",\n \"Nirupama Sanjeev Nirupama Sanjeev (née: Vaidyanathan; born 8 December 1976) is a retired Indian professional tennis player, and the former Indian No. 1. In the 1998 Australian Open, she became the first Indian woman in the modern era to feature and win a round at a main draw Grand Slam, beating Italy's Gloria Pizzichini. She has also won the Bronze Medal at the 1998 Bangkok Asian Games in Mixed Doubles, partnering Mahesh Bhupathi. Sanjeev was the first Indian women to enter the top 200 world singles rankings. Nirupama was born in the Southern Indian town of Coimbatore. She started playing\",\n \"games after she became pregnant. At the US Open 2013, Craybas announced her retirement from tennis. AS of 2017, she is working with the WTA Tour as a commentator. Jill Craybas Jill N. Craybas (born July 4, 1974) is an American former professional tennis player. At 39 years of age, she was one of the oldest players on the WTA Tour, as well as the longest serving, having turned pro in 1996. From the 2000 US Open to the 2011 US Open, Craybas competed in 45 consecutive Grand Slam main draws, her best result coming in the 2005 Wimbledon Championships\",\n \"Jo Durie over 30 years previously. This period included her best Grand Slam result up to that time, as she reached the semifinal of the 2016 Australian Open, a quarterfinal appearance at the Rio Summer Olympics and her maiden WTA title in Stanford. In 2017, she won the Miami Open, and reached the semifinal at Wimbledon. Born to Hungarian parents in Sydney, Australia, Konta moved to the UK when she was 14. She switched her sporting allegiance from Australia to Great Britain after she became a British citizen in May 2012. Johanna Konta was born in Sydney, Australia, on 17\",\n \"Bettina Bunge series of injuries throughout her career (injuries of ear and knee, among others). Bunge was a professional player from 1978 to 1989, appearing for the first time at number 150 in July 1978. Her highest ranking was achieved in 1983 when she reached number 6. In 1982, she registered her all-time best achievement in Grand Slam singles competition when she reached the semifinals of Wimbledon. She won four singles tournaments, including the tournaments at the German Open, Houston, and Tokyo in 1982, and Oakland in 1983. She was finalist in Sydney in 1979, Stockholm in 1980, Houston, Tampa, Cincinnati (indoor)\",\n \"Rod Laver and wood/parquet. Laver won 11 Grand Slam singles titles, though he was banned from playing those tournaments for the five years prior to the Open Era. Laver is the only player to twice achieve a Grand Slam, in 1962 and 1969, and the latter remains the only time a man has done so in the Open Era. He also won eight Pro Slam titles, including the \\\"pro Grand Slam\\\" in 1967, and he contributed to five Davis Cup titles for Australia during an age when Davis Cup was deemed as significant as the four majors. Rodney George Laver was born\",\n \"Conchita Martínez Conchita Martínez Conchita Martínez Bernat (born 16 April 1972) is a former professional tennis player. She was the first Spanish player to win the women's singles title at Wimbledon, where she beat Martina Navratilova in the 1994 final. Martínez also was the singles runner-up at the 1998 Australian Open and the 2000 French Open. She reached a highest world ranking of No. 2 in October 1995 and finished the season in the top 10 for nine years. Martínez won 33 singles and 13 doubles titles during her 18-year career. Martinez was Spain Fed Cup team captain from 2013-2017 and Spain\",\n \"Marion Bartoli victory of any WTA Tour or Grand Slam event in 2013. In the semifinals she beat 20th seed Kirsten Flipkens to reach her second Wimbledon final. In the final she faced 23rd seed Sabine Lisicki, who had beaten pre-tournament favorite Serena Williams and 2012 finalist Agnieszka Radwańska en route to the final. Bartoli won the match in straight sets for her first and only Grand Slam title. She did not drop a set in the entire tournament. She also became the female player who participated in the most Grand Slam tournaments before winning one, as this was her 47th such\",\n \"Justine Henin the runner-up in 2001 and 2006. She also won a gold medal in the women's singles at the 2004 Olympic Games and won the year-ending WTA Tour Championships in 2006 and 2007. In total, she won 43 WTA singles titles. Tennis experts cite her mental toughness, the completeness and variety of her game, her footspeed and footwork, and her one-handed backhand (which John McEnroe described as \\\"the best single-handed backhand in both the women's or men's game\\\") as the principal reasons for her success. She retired from professional tennis on 26 January 2011, due to a chronic elbow injury. In\",\n \"Kathy Rinaldi Wendy Turnbull, Manuela Maleeva, Dianne Fromholtz, Helena Suková, Claudia Kohde-Kilsch, Zina Garrison, Sylvia Hanika, Kathy Jordan, Jo Durie, and Natasha Zvereva. Rinaldi was the youngest player to win a match at Wimbledon (14 years, 91 days) in 1981, a record that stood until 1990. After the 1987 French Open, she suffered a freak injury in Monte Carlo, slipping on stairs, and in trying to catch herself, fracturing her right thumb. This injury sidelined her for rest of the year. She was a member of the US Wightman Cup Team in 1983, 1985, and 1986. In December 2016, Rinaldi was appointed\",\n \"He had the most natural tennis mind with the most natural tennis physique.\\\" Before and during the open era, Rod Laver remains the only male player in history to have won the calendar year Grand Slam twice in 1962 and 1969 and also the calendar year Professional Grand Slam in 1967. More recently Björn Borg and Pete Sampras were regarded by many of their contemporaries as among the greatest ever. Andre Agassi, the first of two male players in history to have achieved a Career Golden Slam in singles tennis (followed by Rafael Nadal), has been called the best service\",\n \"Chris Evert title. In singles, Evert reached the semifinals or better 52 of the 56 Grand Slams she played, including the semifinals or better of 34 consecutive Grand Slams entered from the 1971 US Open through the 1983 French Open. Evert never lost in the first or second round of a Grand Slam singles tournament and lost in the third round only twice. In Grand Slam women's singles play, Evert won a record seven championships at the French Open and a co-record six championships at the US Open (tied with Serena Williams). Evert's career winning percentage in singles matches of 89.97% (1309–146)\",\n \"Björn Borg Björn Borg Björn Rune Borg (; born 6 June 1956) is a Swedish former world No. 1 tennis player widely considered to be one of the greatest in the history of the sport. Between 1974 and 1981 he became the first man in the Open Era to win 11 Grand Slam singles titles (six at the French Open and five consecutive at Wimbledon). He also won three year-end championships and 15 Grand Prix Super Series titles. Overall, he set numerous records that still stand. A teenage sensation at the start of his career, Borg's unprecedented stardom and consistent success helped\",\n \"Cara Black Cara Black (born 17 February 1979) is a professional tennis player from Zimbabwe. She is primarily a doubles specialist, winning 60 WTA and 11 ITF titles in that discipline. A former no. 1 ranked women's doubles player in the WTA Rankings, she has won ten Grand Slam titles in women's doubles and mixed doubles combined. By winning the mixed doubles title at the 2010 Australian Open, Black became the third woman in the Open Era to complete a Career Grand Slam in mixed doubles (after Martina Navratilova and Daniela Hantuchová). Having won one singles title on tour, she\",\n \"Clarisa Fernández No. 1 in boldface Clarisa Fernández Clarisa Fernández (born 28 August 1981) is a retired Argentine tennis player who is best known for her semi-final appearance at the 2002 French Open, the first Argentine since Sabatini in 1992 to reach that stage. Fernández was ranked 87th in the world at the time of her shocking result. She defeated, in order: (Q) Lubomira Bacheva, Jelena Kostanić, Kim Clijsters, (13) Elena Dementieva, Paola Suárez, before losing to second-seeded Venus Williams in straight sets. Fernández is a crafty left-handed player. She turned professional in 1998, and did not have much success before her\",\n \"Grand Slam event. The Main Court, in particular, is extremely large by the standards of major tennis competitions, with the seats being relatively far removed from the tennis court. The centre hosted the tennis matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. The centre was completed in February 2004, and officially opened on August 2, 2004. In 2017, the Greek Basket League club, AEK Athens, revealed their plans to acquire the Main Court facility, in order to transform it into their home indoor basketball hall, with a spectator capacity for basketball games, of 9,500-10,000 seats. Athens Olympic Tennis Centre\",\n \"to a baby girl. Maria Kirilenko Maria Yuryevna Kirilenko-Stepanova (; born 25 January 1987) is a former professional tennis player from Russia. She won the 2002 US Open Girls' Singles and won her first WTA Tour title in 2005, defeating Anna-Lena Grönefeld in the China Open. She has reached three Grand Slam singles quarterfinals, at the 2010 Australian Open the 2012 Wimbledon Championships and the 2013 French Open. In doubles, she has reached two Grand Slam doubles finals, at the 2011 Australian Open and the 2012 French Open, won the 2012 WTA Tour Championships and was a bronze medalist at\",\n \"Richard Gasquet his debut on the ATP tour in April 2002, at the Tennis Masters Series tournament in Monte Carlo where he received a wildcard into qualifying and became the youngest player ever to qualify for a Tennis Masters Series event. At the age of 15 years and 10 months, he defeated Argentina's Franco Squillari in the first round of that tournament to become the youngest player to win a top-tier tour (ATP Tour, Grand Prix tennis circuit or World Championship Tennis) main draw singles match since Tommy Ho at Rye Brook in 1988. Gasquet made his Grand Slam tournament debut at\",\n \"the first to complete such a feat since Wendy Turnbull at the 1985 Australian Open. Maria Sharapova career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of professional Russian tennis player, Maria Sharapova. To date, Sharapova has won thirty six WTA singles titles including five Grand Slams, one year-ending championship, six WTA Tier I singles titles, three WTA Premier Mandatory singles titles and five WTA Premier 5 singles titles. She was also the silver medallist in singles at the 2012 London Olympics. Sharapova won her first grand slam singles title at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships by defeating top\",\n \"Petra Kvitová career statistics and 2017 US Open. Kvitová reached her career-high ranking of world No. 2 on 31 October 2011. In January 2009, Kvitová won her first WTA title at the Hobart International, defeating Iveta Benešová in the final. Later that year, she recorded her first win over a reigning world No. 1 by defeating Dinara Safina in the third round of the US Open. The following year, at the Wimbledon Championships, Kvitová reached her first Grand Slam semifinal, defeating Caroline Wozniacki and Victoria Azarenka en route before losing to the eventual champion and world No. 1 Serena Williams. Kvitová's breakthrough season in\",\n \"Venus Williams titles, Williams trails only Serena among active players on the WTA Tour with most singles titles. Her 35-match winning streak from the 2000 Wimbledon Championships to the 2000 Generali Ladies Linz tournament final is the longest since January 1, 2000. She is also one of only three active WTA players to have reached the finals of all four Grand Slams, along with Serena and Maria Sharapova. Williams was born in Lynwood, California, to Richard Williams and Oracene Price. Her talents were apparent at the age of seven when a professional local tennis player named Tony Chesta spotted Williams and quickly\",\n \"Ruta Gerulaitis en route won a match against 16th seed Marita Redondo, in which she dropped just two games. Her best performance in a grand slam tournament came at the 1979 French Open, where she was a singles quarter-finalist. Beating Chris O'Neil in the first round, she started her second round match with a 6-0 first set against 14th seed Ilana Kloss, before her South African opponent retired hurt. In the third round she upset eighth seed Betty Stöve in straight sets, then was beaten in the quarter-finals by the only other American remaining in the draw, eventual tournament champion Chris Evert.\",\n \"Steffi Graf court was introduced as a surface at the US Open in 1978. Consequently, Graf's Grand Slam was achieved on grass, clay, and hard court while the previous five Grand Slams were decided on only grass and clay. Graf reached thirteen consecutive major singles finals, from the 1987 French Open through to the 1990 French Open, winning nine of them. She won 5 consecutive major singles tournaments (1988 Australian Open to 1989 Australian Open), and seven out of eight, in two calendar years (1988 Australian Open to 1989 US Open, except 1989 French Open). She reached a total of 31 major\",\n \"Maria Sharapova time on August 22, 2005, at the age of 18, and last held the ranking for the fifth time for four weeks from June 11, 2012, to July 8, 2012. Her 36 singles titles and five Grand Slam titles—two at the French Open and one each at the Australian Open, Wimbledon, and US Open—rank third among active players, behind Serena and Venus Williams. She won the year-ending WTA Finals in her debut in 2004. She has also won three doubles titles. Despite an injury-prone career, Sharapova has achieved a rare level of longevity in the women's game. She won at\",\n \"Martina Navratilova Her winning percentage was the best ever for a post-1968 professional tennis player. During 1982, 1983, and 1984, Navratilova lost a total of only six singles matches. This included a run of 13 consecutive victories over her closest rival and world-ranked No. 2, Chris Evert. Navratilova's reign from 1982 to 1986 is the most dominant unbroken spell in the professional era. Navratilova won the 1984 French Open, thus holding all four major singles titles simultaneously. Her accomplishment was declared a \\\"Grand Slam\\\" by Philippe Chatrier, president of the International Tennis Federation, although some tennis observers countered that it was not\",\n \"Ekaterina Makarova Ekaterina Valeryevna Makarova (; born 7 June 1988) is a Russian professional tennis player. She achieved her career-high ranking of world No. 8 on 6 April 2015. Her best Grand Slam singles results have come at the 2014 US Open and the 2015 Australian Open where she reached the semifinals on both occasions. Makarova is a four-time Grand Slam champion in doubles competition, having won the 2012 US Open mixed doubles tournament with Bruno Soares, and the 2013 French Open, the 2014 US Open and 2017 Wimbledon Championships with Elena Vesnina. Ekaterina Valeryevna Makarova was born to Valery\",\n \"Martina Hingis WTA finals in Singapore in October, 2017. By winning the 1998 US Open title, Hingis completed the doubles Career Grand Slam, becoming the 17th female player in history to achieve this, as well as the youngest. It also meant she completed the Calendar Year Grand Slam, becoming the fourth woman in history to achieve the feat. By winning the 2016 French Open title, Hingis completed the mixed doubles Career Grand Slam. She became the 7th female player in history to achieve this. In the 1990s, Hingis was sponsored by Sergio Tacchini. She sued the company in 2001, demanding $40 million\",\n \"Graf–Sabatini rivalry in the semifinal of the French Open and the US Open final to complete the calendar year Grand Slam. Graf then made it a Golden Grand Slam by defeating the Argentine in the Olympic final as well. The pair's most famous match undoubtably came in 1991 at Wimbledon. Sabatini was two points away from capturing her Wimbledon singles crown only for Steffi to fight back and take the match 8–6 in the deciding set. Graf and Sabatini first met in 1985 and by the end of 1987 the pair had met a total of eleven times, Graf winning all of\",\n \"Grand Slam (tennis) clay, and Wimbledon on grass. Wimbledon is the oldest, founded in 1877, followed by the US in 1881, the French in 1891, and the Australian in 1905. However, of these four, only Wimbledon was a major before 1924–25, when all four became designated Grand Slam tournaments. Skipping majors—especially the Australian Open because of the remoteness, the inconvenient dates (around Christmas and New Year's Day) and the low prize money—was not unusual before 1982. Grand Slam tournaments are not operated by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) or the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), but by the International Tennis Federation (ITF). However,\",\n \"Ana Ivanovic a professional from 2003 until 2016, Ivanovic won 14 WTA Tour singles titles, and one Grand Slam singles title, the French Open in 2008. Additionally during this time, she earned over $15 million in prize money, which is the 20th highest in the all-time rankings. In June 2011, she was named one of the \\\"30 Legends of Women's Tennis: Past, Present and Future\\\" by \\\"Time\\\" and was also included on the list of \\\"Top 100 Greatest Players Ever\\\" (male and female combined) by reporter Matthew Cronin. Her first breakthrough came at the 2004 Zurich Open, where she qualified and was\",\n \"Gabriela Sabatini three sets, despite the fact that Sabatini served for the match twice. Sabatini came close to attaining the World No. 1 ranking in 1991, but was narrowly denied by Graf and then Monica Seles. All three players' rankings were within a few points of each other for much of the year. Although winning five tournaments in 1992, Sabatini failed to reach a grand slam final. At the 1992 Australian Open, Sabatini lost to Mary Joe Fernández in the semifinals with a score of 6–1, 6–4. At the 1992 French Open, Sabatini lost a tight match to Seles in the semifinals\",\n \"Gabriela Sabatini Gabriela Beatriz Sabatini (; born 16 May 1970) is an Argentine former professional tennis player. She was one of the leading players on the women's circuit in the late-1980s and early-1990s. She won one women's grand slam singles title at the US Open in 1990, the women's grand slam doubles title at Wimbledon in 1988, two WTA Finals in 1988 and 1994, and a silver medal at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul. Sabatini also won most of the highest level regular events on the women's tour including Miami and Rome (four times). In the late 1980s, Sabatini\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":126,"string":"126"}}},{"rowIdx":81,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"what is the name of the detective agency in the cussler novel the spy"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["The Spy (Cussler novel) The Spy is an Isaac Bell adventure tale, the third in that series. The hardcover edition was released June 1, 2010. Other editions were released on different dates. This novel is set in 1908, as international tensions are rising and moving the world toward war. A notable American battleship gun designer dies in what is thought a sensational suicide, but his daughter has no doubt he was murdered. She turns to the legendary Van Dorn Detective Agency to investigate and clear her father's name. Owner Joseph Van Dorn assigns his chief investigator, Isaac Bell, to the"],"string":"[\n \"The Spy (Cussler novel) The Spy is an Isaac Bell adventure tale, the third in that series. The hardcover edition was released June 1, 2010. Other editions were released on different dates. This novel is set in 1908, as international tensions are rising and moving the world toward war. A notable American battleship gun designer dies in what is thought a sensational suicide, but his daughter has no doubt he was murdered. She turns to the legendary Van Dorn Detective Agency to investigate and clear her father's name. Owner Joseph Van Dorn assigns his chief investigator, Isaac Bell, to the\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["The Moonstone The Moonstone (1868) by Wilkie Collins is a 19th-century British epistolary novel. It is generally considered to be the first detective novel, and it established many of the ground rules of the modern detective novel. The story was originally serialised in Charles Dickens' magazine \"All the Year Round\". \"The Moonstone\" and \"The Woman in White\" are widely considered to be Collins' best novels, and Collins adapted \"The Moonstone\" for the stage in 1877, although the production was performed for only two months. The Moonstone of the title is a diamond, not to be confused with the semi-precious moonstone","Secret Intelligence Service North Korean man ever agreed to work for MI6. Since 1995, SIS headquarters has been at 85 Vauxhall Cross, along the Albert Embankment in Vauxhall on the south bank of the River Thames by Vauxhall Bridge, London. Previous headquarters have been Century House, 100 Westminster Bridge Road, Lambeth (1966–1995); and 54 Broadway, off Victoria Street, London (1924–1966). Although SIS operated from Broadway, it was actually based at St James's Street and also made considerable use of the adjoining St Ermin's Hotel. The building was designed by Sir Terry Farrell and built by John Laing. The developer Regalian Properties approached the","John Reese (Person of Interest) that, they meet by chance in an airport, where a newly engaged Jessica gives John a final opportunity to save their relationship by asking her to wait for him; he is unable to do so. Following his military career, John joins the CIA in 2005 and is recruited by the elite Special Activities Division of the CIA, by which time he is using the last name \"Reese\". Sometime in 2006 he is partnered with Kara Stanton, and they are assigned to black ops activities by their handler, Mark Snow. Although Reese demonstrates the skills necessary to conduct the missions to","Rubicon (TV series) on AMC's \"Rubicon\" website included the \"Intelligence Team Aptitude Test\", a personality quiz that told users which job they'd be best suited for at the American Policy Institute (the fictional intelligence agency featured on the show). Inspired by Will's discovery of a code hidden within newspaper crossword puzzles in episode 1, \"The New York Times\" created an original \"Rubicon\"-themed crossword puzzle prior to Rubicon's premiere which eventually became exclusively available on AMC's Rubicon website. Promotion also included \"Maggie’s Blog\", a personal blog authored by one of the show's characters, Maggie Young. AMC's \"Rubicon\" website also featured exclusive sneak peek and","History of espionage often to be hanged. Intelligence gathering for the Confederates focused on Alexandria, Virginia, and the surrounding area. Thomas Jordan created a network of agents that included Rose O'Neal Greenhow. Greenhow delivered reports to Jordan via the “Secret Line,” the system used to smuggle letters, intelligence reports, and other documents to Confederate officials. The Confederacy's Signal Corps was devoted primarily to communications and intercepts, but it also included a covert agency called the Confederate Secret Service Bureau, which ran espionage and counter-espionage operations in the North including two networks in Washington. In both armies, the cavalry service was the main instrument","in disguise and following the Moscow Rules, where the idea of treating the place as enemy territory is repeated. In \"The Middleman\", episode 8 (the \"Ectoplasmic Pan-Hellenic Investigation\"), the Moscow Rules are recited. The Moscow rules The Moscow rules are rules-of-thumb said to have been developed during the Cold War to be used by spies and others working in Moscow. The rules are associated with Moscow because the city developed a reputation as being a particularly harsh locale for clandestine operatives who were exposed. The list may never have existed as written. Agent Tony Mendez wrote:Although no one had written","The Mysterious Island his protégé and adopted son Harbert Brown (called Herbert in some translations); and the journalist Gedéon Spilett (Gideon Spilett in English versions). The company is completed by Cyrus' dog \"Top\". After flying in a great storm for several days, the group crash-lands on a cliff-bound, volcanic, unknown island, described as being located at , about east of New Zealand. They name it \"Lincoln Island\" in honor of their president, Abraham Lincoln. With the knowledge of the brilliant engineer Smith, the five are able to sustain themselves on the island, producing fire, pottery, bricks, nitroglycerin, iron, a simple electric telegraph, a","Case Closed: The Phantom of Baker Street in reality using a large electromagnetic burst. The kids must choose one of five types of games while the audience watch helplessly, unable to shut the game down. Conan and the Junior Detectives choose the fifth, a re-creation 19th century London set in the world of Sherlock Holmes. Conan and his friends track down 221B Baker Street, only to find that Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson are at Dartmoor. Since Holmes cannot help, the kids find Sebastian Moran and Professor Moriarty. Moriarty tells Conan that he trained Jack the Ripper when Jack was a street urchin. The professor gives the","Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (film) pages for that night have been cut out, supporting Tarr's story. Smiley discovers that Prideaux is alive, having been exchanged with the Soviets after a period of brutal interrogation, and is living a life of solitude as a school teacher. Smiley interviews Prideaux, who reveals that the true purpose of the mission to Hungary was to get the name of the mole. Control had codenamed the suspects \"Tinker\" (Alleline), \"Tailor\" (Haydon), \"Soldier\" (Bland), \"Poorman\" (Esterhase), and \"Beggarman\" (Smiley). Smiley learns that Alleline, Haydon, Bland, and Esterhase have been meeting Polyakov—the \"Witchcraft\" source—at a safe house somewhere in London, where Polyakov","which describes him as: Throughout the films other abilities have been noted: The motion picture Mr. Moto is described as an agent for Interpol. In the first film, \"Think Fast, Mr. Moto\", he reveals that he is the managing director of the Dai Nippon Trading Company and had decided to investigate the smuggling activities that were harming his business. He claims to be a detective \"only as a hobby.\" In the second film, \"Thank You, Mr. Moto\", the definition of his occupation/hobby begins to get murky. He tells a woman that he is an importer whose hobby is detective work,","the Government Wide Area Network (GWAN). In October 2008, NRO declassified five mission ground stations: three in the United States, near Washington, D.C.; Aurora, Colorado; and Las Cruces, New Mexico, and a presence at RAF Menwith Hill, UK, and at the Joint Defence Facility Pine Gap, Australia. National Reconnaissance Office The National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) is a member of the United States Intelligence Community and an agency of the United States Department of Defense. NRO is considered, along with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), National Security Agency (NSA), Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), to be one","The Kraken Project The terrified Shepherd asks to accompany him, both for her own protection and so that she can help bring an end to the AI she created. Meanwhile, a ruthless Wall Street banker named G. Parker Lansing, after witnessing a hacker steal his company's funds right out from under him, convinces his partner Eric Moro to help him track down the lost AI so that it can make the most precise market calculations to guarantee them investment success in the future. They hire a pair of twin assassins, Asan and Jyrgal Makashov, to help them in any of their endeavors that","and identities of Max Carrados and his usual accomplice Mr Carlyle are explained in the first story, \"The Coin of Dionysius\". Mr Carlyle is a private investigator, running a private inquiry agency concerned mainly with divorce and defalcation. He is directed to the home of Wynn Carrados at The Turrets, Richmond, London, for an expert opinion on a tetradrachm of Dionysius the Elder of Sicily which he believes may be a forgery substituted into a famous collection in the course of a theft. At their meeting, the blind Carrados immediately recognises Mr Carlyle (from his voice) as his former schoolfriend","Top Secret (novel) Top Secret is to be the first novel in the Clandestine Operations series by W.E.B. Griffin and William E. Butterworth IV. This novel centers around a new officer, James Cronley, who at the very end of World War II is recruited for a new intelligence operation and is sent to Germany. Cronley suffers a personal tragedy just before being sent to his new post. It is hoped Cronley can become a great asset to the new organization, which is to become the Central Intelligence Agency. Cronley is put in charge of an operation that includes former German","The Amber Spyglass thinking about Lyra. Mary learns how to see her own dæmon, a black Alpine chough. Will's dæmon, named Kirjava by Serafina, has taken the permanent form of a large black cat. Lyra returns to Jordan College in her world. Having lost her ability to intuitively read the alethiometer, a truth-telling device, she decides to study alethiometry. She and her dæmon Pantalaimon, who has taken the permanent form of a pine marten, resolve to build the Republic of Heaven. Pullman's publishers have primarily marketed the \"His Dark Materials\" series to young adults, but Pullman also intended to speak to adults. \"The","Death to Spies Death to Spies () is a stealth third-person shooter PC game set in World War II and produced by 1C Company and Russian studio Haggard Games. The game was released on October 17, 2007 on PC and then later to Valve's digital distribution system, Steam, on March 12, 2008. \"Death to Spies\" takes place from a third-person perspective. The player controls Semion Strogov, a captain in a Soviet counterintelligence agency named SMERSH. Strogov is able to run, jump, crouch, crawl and climb over obstacles, and he is also able to drive vehicles. Taking place in World War","is depicted as the headquarters of the \"Daily Bugle\", for which Peter Parker is a freelance photographer, in the \"Spider-Man\" movies. It is shown as the location of the Channel 6 News headquarters where April O'Neil works in the \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" TV series. The Flatiron Building is also the home of the fictional company Damage Control in the Marvel Universe comics and for the CIA sponsored, super hero management team \"The Boys\" in the Dynamite Comics title of the same name. In 2013, the Whitney Museum of American Art installed a life-sized 3D-cutout replica of Edward Hopper's 1942","Who Could That Be at This Hour? story begins in the Hemlock Tearoom and Stationery Shop, where a thirteen-year-old Lemony Snicket escapes his current chaperones, who are masquerading as his parents, to apprentice under S. Theodora Markson, the 52nd ranked V.F.D. member on a list of 52. After learning that his current chaperones were trying to knock him out with tea laced with laudanum, Snicket escapes with Markson in a green roadster. They arrive at the mostly abandoned town of Stain'd-by-the-Sea, a once-great exporter of octopus ink that has fallen on hard times. It is here that they get their assignment: They must steal the Bombinating Beast","The Accidental Spy scatters his ashes at his wife's grave and finds a message (\"wait for me\") engraved on the tombstone. After leaving the cemetery, Yuen and Carmen narrowly evade attacks from thugs. Yuen later realises that \"wait for me\" corresponds to a phone number of a bank in Istanbul. In Istanbul, Yuen uses the crucifix, which turns out to be a stamp, to retrieve the contents of Park's safety deposit box. Shortly after leaving the bank, he encounters several robbers trying to steal his briefcase full of money. He holds off the robbers until the police show up and the robbers flee.","T.U.F.F. Puppy the third season consisted of eight episodes, for a total of 60 episodes. The series' main character is a dim-witted but determined dog named Dudley Puppy who works as a spy for an organization called T.U.F.F. (short for Turbo Undercover Fighting Force). His partner is a cat named Kitty Katswell. Other helpers are The Chief and Keswick. The series takes place in the fictional city of Petropolis (distinct from the Brazilian city of Petrópolis, which is the Greek name for St. Petersburg), which is populated by anthropomorphic animals. As a member of T.U.F.F., Dudley Puppy helps Kitty Katswell protect Petropolis","Gehlen Organization The Gehlen Organization or Gehlen Org was an intelligence agency established in June 1946 by U.S. occupation authorities in the United States Zone of Germany, and consisted of former members of the 12th Department of the German Army General Staff (Foreign Armies East, or FHO). It carries the name of Wehrmacht Major General Reinhard Gehlen, head of the Nazi German military intelligence in the Eastern Front during World War II. After World War II, Reinhard Gehlen acted under the tutelage of US Army G-2 (intelligence), but he wished to establish an association with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).","Veritas Project The Veritas Project is a Christian science fiction series of books written by Frank E. Peretti and targeted towards teenagers. The series presents the Veritas Project as a privately funded team commissioned by the President to investigate supernatural occurrences, mysteries, and crimes from a Judeo-Christian perspective. The team consists of Nate and Sarah Springfield and their sixteen-year-old twins Elijah and Elisha. Their mission is to report not only the facts related to their cases, but also the truth behind the facts. \"Veritas\" in Latin means \"truth\". Currently, the two entries in the series are \"Hangman's Curse\" (2001) and","Checkmate (comics) first set up by Amanda Waller to serve as a small branch of Task Force X under the command of Colonel Valentina Vostok (formerly Negative Woman of the Doom Patrol) to perform operations worldwide considered vital to the security of American interests. She relinquishes command to Harry Stein, who recreates The Agency into a new image and organization, dubbed Checkmate, in relation to its chess-inspired organizational scheme. \"The Janus Directive\" is a crossover storyline that involves an inter-agency war between Checkmate, the Suicide Squad, and Project Atom, who are manipulated by Kobra in order to distract the United States intelligence","Arthur Adams (spy) in 1943, U.S. Military Intelligence received information from confidential sources linking Adams to scientists working at the Met Lab. In the spring of 1944 they observed clandestine meetings between Adams and Met Lab scientist Clarence Hiskey. The FBI and Military Security performed an illegal search of Adam's New York apartment and discovered sophisticated camera equipment, material for constructing microfilm, and notes on experiments being conducted at the atomic bomb laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. They also observed him climbing into an automobile driven by Pavel Mikhailov (codename: Molière) the GRU station chief in New York. The U.S. military decided to","The Secret Show they try to save the world from the latest threats to civilization. They work for the secret organization, U.Z.Z, run by their commanding agent, whose codename is \"changed daily\" for reasons of security, always to an unusual or ridiculous phrase. U.Z.Z also comprises Professor Professor, whose inventions and scientific background frequently save the day; Special Agent Ray who often runs missions behind the scenes; and a large team of standard agents. They frequently counter threats from their main enemy, T.H.E.M. - The Horrible Evil Menace. T.H.E.M is headed up by the evil antagonist in the series, Doctor Doctor, who is","espionage years, tries to publicize the truth, but slander by the British government results in his story being totally discredited. Absolute Friends Absolute Friends is an espionage novel by John le Carré published in December 2003. The book tells the story of Ted Mundy, the Pakistan-born son of a British army officer, who as a student becomes proficient in the German language. He joins a 1960s-era student protest group in West Berlin and becomes a lifelong friend of a West German student anarchist named Sasha. Having been brutally beaten by West Berlin police and ejected from Germany, Mundy fails at","Special Intelligence Service The Special Intelligence Service was a covert counterintelligence branch of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) located in South America during World War II. It was established during the term of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to monitor Axis activities in Central and South America. In 1934, President Roosevelt began to grow concerned about activities of Nazi groups within the United States. The FBI was ordered to begin investigating these groups operating within the country. The goal of this work was to determine if foreign agents were working within these American Nazi groups. In 1940,","The Associate (novel) further action. With the tape now in his possession, Bennie threatens to expose Kyle's secret unless he cooperates with Bennie and his associates. Bennie's plan is to have Kyle accept a position at New York City-based Scully & Pershing, the world's largest law firm, which is representing Trylon Aeronautics in its case against Bartin Dynamics. The two defense contractors had joined forces to design the B-10 HyperSonic Bomber for The Pentagon, and when they won the contract over Lockheed, the competitor sought support from senators and lobbyists. Legal battles ensued, and Trylon and Bartin, each laying claim to ownership of","Alex Rider (character) example, in \"Point Blank\" he snowboards down a mountain on an ironing board to escape Point Blanc Academy, in \"Skeleton Key\" he scuba dives into Skeleton Key, in \"Scorpia\" he base jumps into a factory, in \"Ark Angel\" he walks between two apartment buildings on a tightrope and in \"Snakehead\", he kayaks down a river on a makeshift kayak. As the series progresses, Alex becomes more skilled at spying. He later pursues Damian Cray alone after MI6 refuse to investigate him, and is recruited by the CIA in the United States, and later by the ASIS in Australia although in","of Circus staff who distributes assignments and conducts inquiries. Monty Arbuck: Head of the Watchers, who briefs and commands Circus clandestine observation teams. Mabel: Ned's wife. Although he has been unfaithful to her many times, and they are separated for a while, at the conclusion they are maintaining a mostly comfortable marriage. The Secret Pilgrim The Secret Pilgrim is a 1990 episodic novel by John le Carré, set within the frame narrative of an informal dinner talk given at the spy-training school in Sarratt by George Smiley. As Smiley talks, the first-person narrator, whom readers know only as \"Ned,\" recalls","the company is in talks with Sir Ronald Harwood to adapt the book. Hanns and Rudolf Hanns and Rudolf is a dual biography of Hanns Alexander and Rudolf Höss by the British-American journalist Thomas Harding. In the aftermath of the Second World War, the first British War Crimes Investigation Team is assembled to hunt down the senior Nazi officials responsible for the greatest atrocities the world has ever seen. One of the lead investigators is Lieutenant Hanns Alexander, a German Jew who is now serving in the British Army. Rudolf Höss is his most elusive target. As Kommandant of Auschwitz,","Web of Spies Web of Spies is the eleventh novel in the long-running Nick Carter-Killmaster series of spy novels. Carter is a US secret agent, code-named N-3, with the rank of Killmaster. He works for AXE – a secret arm of the US intelligence services. The book was first published in January 1966 (Number A163F) by Award Books part of the Beacon-Signal division of Universal Publishing and Distributing Corporation (New York, USA), part of the Conde Nast Publications Inc. The novel was written by Manning Lee Stokes. The story is set in September 1965. Carter is assigned to Mission Sappho","Clear and Present Danger Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) then proceeds to seize the laundered money from several banks in the United States and Europe, which amounted to over 650 million dollars. The seizure of the cartel money by the FBI infuriates drug cartel leader Ernesto Escobedo, who had ordered the hit on the American businessman. Meanwhile, his intelligence officer Felix Cortez finds out about FBI director Emil Jacobs's official visit to the Attorney General of Colombia, and as a result, Escobedo orders the assassination of Jacobs without informing Cortez. Upon arriving in the city of Bogotá, the FBI director's motorcade was ambushed, killing","Jan Guillou Jan Oskar Sverre Lucien Henri Guillou (, ; born 17 January 1944) is a French-Swedish author and journalist. Among his books are a series of spy fiction novels about a spy named Carl Hamilton, and a trilogy(+) of historical fiction novels about a Knight Templar, Arn Magnusson. He is the owner of one of the largest publishing companies in Sweden, Piratförlaget (\"Pirate Publishing\"), together with his wife, publisher Ann-Marie Skarp, and Liza Marklund. Guillou's fame in Sweden was established during his time as an investigative journalist. In 1973, he and co-reporter Peter Bratt exposed a secret intelligence organization","The Most Special Agent Mac to allow Joe, aided by the BIG RAT, to join the fight for world peace by enlisting in WIN. Professor Ian \"Mac\" McClaine invites his friend Sam Loover to his Dorset cottage to view his latest invention, the Brain Impulse Galvanoscope Record And Transfer (BIG RAT). The device is capable of interfacing with the human brain, allowing knowledge and experience to be transferred electronically from one person to another. To demonstrate, Mac uploads his own \"brain pattern\" to his nine-year-old adopted son, Joe. Under questioning by Mac and Loover, Joe displays expert knowledge of the C-3400 supercomputer. Although Mac","Veronica Whiteley - The daughter of a wealthy mine owner. She’s a debutante who was going to be engaged with Lord Beaucastle an aristocratic who is later revealed to be the baron. John Hardcastle - In the midnight peacock revealed to be the baron. He's the disgraced youngest son of the duke of Cleaveland. Edward Sinclair - On the surface, a millionaire later to be revealed to be in fact a spy sent by America to investigate Franternis Draconm the brotherhood of dragons. The Sinclair's Mysteries The Sinclair's Mysteries is a quartet of children's historical mysteries from author Katherine Woodfine.","Private investigator Abraham Lincoln in 1861. Pinkerton's agents performed services which ranged from undercover investigations and detection of crimes, to plant protection and armed security. It is sometimes claimed, probably with exaggeration, that at the height of its existence, the Pinkerton National Detective Agency employed more agents than the United States Army. Allan Pinkerton hired Kate Warne in 1856 as a private detective, making her the first female private detective in America. During the union unrest in the US in the late 19th century, companies sometimes hired operatives and armed guards from the Pinkertons. In the aftermath of the Homestead Riot of","Casino Royale (novel) assistant to the Head of Section S (Soviet Union). The CIA and the French Deuxième Bureau also send agents as observers. The game soon turns into an intense confrontation between Le Chiffre and Bond; Le Chiffre wins the first round, cleaning Bond out of his funds. As Bond contemplates the prospect of reporting his failure to M, the CIA agent, Felix Leiter, gives him an envelope of money and a note: \"Marshall Aid. Thirty-two million francs. With the compliments of the USA.\" The game continues, despite the attempts of one of Le Chiffre's minders to kill Bond. Bond eventually wins,","James Fenimore Cooper Linonian Society. Cooper served in the U.S. Navy as a midshipman, which greatly influenced many of his novels and other writings. The novel that launched his career was \"The Spy\", a tale about counter-espionage set during the American Revolutionary War and published in 1821. He also wrote numerous sea stories, and his best-known works are five historical novels of the frontier period known as the \"Leatherstocking Tales\". Cooper's works on the U.S. Navy have been well received among naval historians, but they were sometimes criticized by his contemporaries. Among his most famous works is the Romantic novel \"The Last of","The Da Vinci Code (film) negative reviews from critics. It was followed by two sequels, \"Angels & Demons\" (2009) and \"Inferno\" (2016). Jacques Saunière, the Louvre's curator, is pursued through the Grand Gallery by an albino Catholic monk named Silas, who demands the location of the Priory's \"keystone\" to find and destroy the Holy Grail. Saunière gives him a false lead and is murdered. When the police arrive, they find his body posed like Da Vinci's Vitruvian Man. The police captain, Bezu Fache, sends his lieutenant, Jérôme Collet, to summon American symbologist Robert Langdon, in the midst of signing autographs after one of his public","Micro (novel) arachnologist; Erika Moll, an entomologist and coleopterist; Amar Singh, a botanist; Jenny Linn, a biochemist studying pheromones; and Danny Minot, a doctoral student studying the linguistics of science. They are visited by the CEO of Nanigen, Vincent \"Vin\" Drake, along with his CFO, Alyson Bender, and Peter's brother Eric, who is a vice president at Nanigen. The seven students are recruited by Drake to work with him at a laboratory in Hawaii. Although they are at first reluctant, they all decide to take Drake's offer and fly out to Oahu. The following morning, Peter receives vague text messages from Eric","Simple Genius help his professional and platonic partner Michelle Maxwell, is forced to seek an assignment from his ex-girlfriend Joan Dillinger, a fellow ex-Secret Service agent who runs her own private investigation agency. Joan gives him a case based at a laboratory, investigating the murder of a scientist, Monk Turing. During his investigations, he stumbles on Camp Peary, the CIA training facility which leads him to a more complicated investigation, on which he works together with Michelle, who has attempted suicide after a psychological breakdown. He encounters Turing's autistic daughter, Viggie Turing, who is also extraordinary talented, but is willing to trust","Spy Castle Spy Castle is the twelfth novel in the long-running Nick Carter-Killmaster series of spy novels. Carter is a US secret agent, code-named N-3, with the rank of Killmaster. He works for AXE – a secret arm of the US intelligence services. The book was first published in January 1966 (Number A166F) by Award Books part of the Beacon-Signal division of Universal Publishing and Distributing Corporation (New York, USA), part of the Conde Nast Publications Inc. The novel was written by Manning Lee Stokes. The story is set in November 1965. A 50 megaton nuclear missile is launched from","Fraulein Spy Fraulein Spy is the fifth novel in the long-running Nick Carter-Killmaster series. The book was first published in October 1964 (Number A118F) by Award Books part of the Beacon-Signal division of Universal Publishing and Distributing Corporation (New York, USA), part of the Conde Nast Publications Inc. The novel was written by Valerie Moolman. Copyright was registered in the US on 11 October 1964. The story is set in May 1964. Nick Carter is on the trail of Judas – the master spy first encountered in \"Run, Spy, Run\". Posing as an investigative journalist for a West German tabloid","Derek Flint Derek Flint is a fictional world adventurer and master spy featured in a series of movies and comic books. Flint, a parody of James Bond and Doc Savage, is an agent for Z.O.W.I.E. (Zonal Organization World Intelligence Espionage). In 1965, 20th Century Fox presented its own version of a master spy to take on United Artists' popular James Bond franchise. The first three James Bond movies had already made considerable money for that studio, so Fox decided to try for itself. Their hero was wholly a celluloid creation, however, not a transfer from a book series. The first","Mole (espionage) location within the foreign government or organization of the information they want (the \"target\"), find out which people have access to it, and attempt to recruit one of them as a spy (\"agent\") to obtain the information. However, the people with access to top secret government information, government employees with high security clearances, are carefully monitored by the government's security apparatus for just this sort of espionage approach. Thus, it is difficult for a representative of the foreign intelligence service to meet with them clandestinely to recruit them. Private organizations such as large corporations or terrorist groups have similar security","or disprove. In some countries the book was titled \"Vengeance: Sword of Gideon\", from which the movie title is drawn. The story was retold in the 2005 film \"Munich\" by Steven Spielberg. Avner, an adept Israeli military officer is selected as the leader of a Mossad team of expert agents for a covert mission to avenge the Munich massacre and other recent attacks. They are initially successful in their assassinations but as they progress it becomes harder and harder to find their targets and they themselves are targeted with varying success by their enemies. With Avner and Jean the driver","investigate the Humboldt Sea on the Moon's far side, where orbital surveillance indicates that a new, unauthorised colony is being built. On arrival at Lunarville 7, the officers are met by the Controller and his assistant, Orson. They are also introduced to the colony's main computer, an artificial intelligence called \"Speech Intelligence Decoder\" (SID) that identifies humans through recognition discs. After the officers hand over the President's letter, Orson agrees to take them on a trip in a Moonmobile, a vehicle that exploits the Moon's low gravity to jump and glide over its surface. However, when Scarlet suggests a visit","Double Identity (Killmaster novel) Double Identity is the twenty-second novel in the long-running Nick Carter-Killmaster series of spy novels. Carter is a US secret agent, code-named N-3, with the rank of Killmaster. He works for AXE – a secret arm of the US intelligence services. The book was first published in 1967 (Number A229X) by Award Books part of the Beacon-Signal division of Universal Publishing and Distributing Corporation (New York, USA), part of the Conde Nast Publications Inc. The novel was written by Manning Lee Stokes. Copyright was registered on 22 May 1967. The novel is set in October 1965.","Paperon Intelligence Agency Paperon Intelligence Agency (acronym: P.I.A.) is an ongoing storyline in the Italian Donald Duck pocket books. In the storyline, Scrooge McDuck (\"Paperon de' Paperoni\") is the chief of an intelligence agency named after him, whose intention is the protection of his money. Scrooge employs Donald Duck and Fethry Duck as secret agents to fight various enemies, such as the Beagle Boys and the mad scientist Zantaf. Donald's codename is Qu-Qu 7 (\"quasi qualificato\", Italian for \"almost qualified\"; also a pun on \"cucù-settete\" or \"bubù-settete\", the Italian word for \"peekaboo\"), and Fethry's codename is Me-Se 12 (\"a mezzo","Scotland Yard. This alias is also mentioned in \"Aunts Aren't Gentlemen\". Jeeves is a member of the Junior Ganymede Club, a London club for butlers and valets. Jeeves is first hired by Bertie in \"Jeeves Takes Charge\". In this short story, Bertie briefly fires Jeeves after Jeeves, who believes that Bertie would not be happy with his fiancée Florence Craye, takes steps to end Bertie's engagement to her. Bertie quickly rehires Jeeves after realizing that Jeeves was right. Thereafter, Jeeves lives with Bertie, usually in their London residence at Berkeley Mansions. Over the course of the short stories and novels,","George Smiley as a minor but pivotal character in \"The Spy Who Came in from the Cold\", his third novel. Smiley is revealed to have come back into the service of The Circus as the top aide to Control, Maston's mysterious successor as the Circus' chief. It's revealed that, following the events of \"Call for the Dead,\" Smiley and Guillam succeeded in turning Mundt, the sole survivor of the spy ring, into a British double agent, and sent him back to East Germany. Fearing that Mundt's cover is about to be blown, Smiley and Control manipulate agent Alec Leamas into posing as","John Clark (Tom Clancy character) identity of the fingerprints found at one of the murder scenes) and goes to work for the CIA full-time, under the pseudonym \"John Clark\". (See \"Without Remorse\") His middle name appears variously with one and two 'R's, and the name \"John Terrence Clark\" appears in the novel \"Clear and Present Danger\". Throughout his career, Clark has been through a number of real-life crisis zones. In addition to the Vietnam War, he has also been through the Iran hostage crisis and the Gulf War, plus a number of missions in the Soviet Union, and claims to have \"had Abu Nidal's head","Behavioral Analysis Unit disciplines such as odontology, anthropology, psychiatry, entomology, or pathology. The BAU was brought into mainstream culture by television shows such as \"Criminal Minds\", which depict an elite group of \"FBI agent profilers\" who travel the country assisting local law enforcement on diverse cases. The CBS weekly drama series \"Criminal Minds\" and its spinoff, \"\" both feature the BAU. Thomas Harris' Hannibal Lecter novels and the corresponding films (\"Manhunter\", \"The Silence of the Lambs\", \"Hannibal\", and \"Red Dragon\") featured the Behavioral Science Unit (BSU), which later created and developed what eventually became known as the BAU. It is also seen in","at her apartment. Dead. Stashed in his rucksack are a series of clues that will lead Lori into the most dangerous situation of her life. And into conflict with a secret society, every member of which is supposed to be dead. Benjamin Stanton Jr. is a graduate of the Deveraux College, the highly secret school for teenage spies. His old girlfriend is Lori Angel. When Spy High's old enemy, President Vlad Tepesch of Wallachia, steals an alien device from a Deveraux Moon Colony, Ben's mission is pretty straightforward: Get it back. Standing between Ben and his goal are enemy soldiers,","Spy fiction Wife\" (1980); and Raymond Harold Sawkins, writing as Colin Forbes, \"Double Jeopardy\" (1982). \"The Scarlatti Inheritance\" (1971) by Robert Ludlum is usually considered the first American modern (glamour and dirt) spy thriller weighing action and reflection. In the 1970s, former CIA man Charles McCarry began the Paul Christopher series with \"The Miernik Dossier\" (1973) and \"The Tears of Autumn\" (1978), which were well written, with believable tradecraft. The first American techno-thriller was \"The Hunt for Red October\" (1984) by Tom Clancy. It introduced CIA deskman (analyst) Jack Ryan as a field agent; he reprised the role in the sequel \"The","Organizations of Alias work for APO. Although headed by Sloane, APO ultimately answered to CIA Director Hayden Chase, and at the end of Season 4, Sloane was removed from his post and replaced by Jack Bristow, who remained in charge of APO into Season 5. Sloane ultimately returned to APO as assistant director, although unknown to his colleagues he was now a mole for Prophet Five, a criminal organization that also pretended to be the CIA in order to recruit. Sloane was allowed back into APO in order to use its resources to find a cure for Nadia Santos, his daughter, after the","The Spies (film) Kim makes a living by selling fake Viagra pills smuggled from China and returns home every night to his wife and two loving children. When Kim unexpectedly receives an assassination order from his boss (Yoo Hae-jin), he gathers his teammates which consist of assistant manager Kang (Yum Jung-ah), a single mother and real estate agent, adviser Yoon (Byun Hee-bong), a retired senior citizen who specializes in making forged IDs, and assistant manager Woo (Jung Gyu-woon), a farmer whose expertise lies on hacking computers. Although these four people no longer want to be part of the assassination coup, they have no","Frau Farbissina Hoffner heads an international spy school in East Berlin known as the \"Mata Hari School of Dancing\", where she boards and trains young women to be agents for both sides of the Cold War. Her surname derives from the Yiddish word ( in German), meaning \"embittered\"; a is an angry, bitter, vocal (male) person, while is the corresponding female form. , German for \"Mrs.\" or \"woman\", is apparently treated as a given name. She has a heavy German accent; in the German dubbed versions of the films, she speaks with an Upper Saxon dialect, suggesting coming from East Germany. In","The Time Traders to discover the secrets, we get them from someone who did. \"The outline below follows the 1958 version; afterward, the changes in the 2000 edition are described. At the end of the twentieth century petty criminal Ross Murdock is given the choice of facing a new psychiatric medical procedure called \"rehabilitation\" or volunteering to join a secret government project. Hoping for a chance to escape, Ross volunteers to join Operation Retrograde and is taken by Major John Kelgarries to a base built under the ice near the North Pole. Teamed with archaeologist Gordon Ashe, he is trained to mimic a","A Kiss of Shadows The story begins in Los Angeles, California, in a world where magical creatures are \"out of the closet\" and, in some cases, even legal. Princess Meredith NicEssus is working for the \"Grey Detective Agency\" under the assumed name of Meredith 'Merry' Gentry. When two women come to the agency with a story about fey-wannabes and rituals involving fey women, Merry goes undercover to investigate. However, she and her colleagues get more than they bargained for when it is discovered that the culprit is using \"Branwyn's Tears\", an illegal oil that can make a human appear as a sidhe (pronounced 'shee')","Double O Seven, James Bond, A Report American Library, Fleming’s North American publishers, issued it in 1965. O.F. Snelling’s literary criticism of agent 007 is a five-part report. First, “His Predecessors”, observes the similarities among the upper-class “Clubland Tradition” novelists John Buchan, Sapper (H. C. McNeile), and Dornford Yates (Cecil William Mercer) and their influence upon the writer Ian Fleming. Second, “His Image” analyses the character, James Bond, secret agent 007 of the British Secret Service. Third, “His Women”, the longest section, examines and explores the women and Bond’s relationships with them, and how they — the man and the women — changed in the series’ course.","Auric Goldfinger and film, Goldfinger is aided in his crimes by his manservant, Oddjob, a mute, monstrously strong Korean who ruthlessly eliminates any threat to his employer's affairs. Goldfinger is the owner of \"Enterprises Auric A.G.\" in Switzerland, maker of metal furniture, which is purchased by many airlines including Air India. Twice a year, Goldfinger drives his vintage Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost car from England to Enterprises Auric. Bond learns that Goldfinger makes dead drops of gold bars for SMERSH along the way, and that his car's bodywork is 18 carat (75%), solid white gold under the ploy that the added weight is","Morris Cohen (spy) Kroger,\" i.e., Morris Cohen) which aired in the U.S. on CBS in 1987. The plot centered on the neighbors (and seeming friends) whose house was used as a base from which the security services could spy on the Cohens, and the way paranoia, suspicion and betrayal gradually destroyed their lives during that time. The Cohens’ cover as antiquarian book dealers Peter and Helen Kroger is mentioned in Helene Hanff’s \"The Duchess of Bloomsbury Street\" because they were friends of London book dealer Frank Doel, recipient of the letters and book orders that inspired the bestseller 84 Charing Cross Road. Morris","Bureau of Diplomatic Security and reported directly to the secretary on special matters. A handful of agents worked out of two locations, Washington, D.C. and New York City, operating on confidential funds from the secretary's office. They conducted sensitive investigations, especially on the operations of foreign agents and their activities in the United States. The U.S. Diplomatic Security Service was known as the Bureau of Secret Intelligence at its inception (1916). The Department of State's Bureau of Secret Intelligence was also known as U-1, an off-the-books adjunct to the Division of Information. Before the United States entered World War I, German and Austrian spies","be seen on a secretary's computer screen. Harry Enfield and Paul Whitehouse performed a sketch in 2012 about there being two George Smileys: a reference to the vastly different portrayals in the filmed versions of \"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy\". George Smiley George Smiley OBE is a fictional character created by John le Carré. Smiley is a career intelligence officer with \"The Circus\", the British overseas intelligence agency. He is a central character in the novels \"Call for the Dead\", \"A Murder of Quality\", \"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy\", \"The Honourable Schoolboy\", and \"Smiley's People\", and a supporting character in \"The Spy","special agents and Intelligence Analysts. SSG ranks may also be weaponized at the discretion of the FBI director. Special Surveillance Group The Special Surveillance Group (SSG) is a highly classified unit of non – special agents within the Federal Bureau of Investigation specializing in clandestine vehicular and foot surveillance of foreign nationals and U.S. citizens known or suspected of engaging in espionage or terrorism, both in the U.S. as well as around the world. SSG members are titled \"Investigative Specialists\". Informally they have been called \"Ghosts\" due to their specialized training. These Investigative Specialists attend nine weeks of specialized training","The Broker The Broker is a suspense novel written by American author John Grisham and published in the United States on January 11, 2005. The novel follows the story of Joel Backman, a newly pardoned prisoner who had tried to broker a deal to sell the world's most powerful satellite surveillance system to the highest bidder. Joel Backman is \"the Broker,\" a Washington power broker-lobbyist, considered by some to be one of the most powerful men in Washington. However, his life falls apart when a deal collapses involving a hacked spy satellite that nobody knows about, and Backman ends up","A Talent for War and the historical narrative. Alex visits the local police inspector and learns that the burglars apparently wanted only the Tanner file. The inspector, a social friend of Alex's uncle, can shed little light on Gabe’s project other than to note that Alex's uncle seemed distracted for the three months before his death and that he had become a “nut” on the subject of Christopher Sim and the Resistance. Chase Kolpath visits Alex at his uncle's house. Before disappearing, Gabriel Benedict had hired Ms. Kolpath to investigate the last flight of the \"Tenandrome\", Hugh Scott's Planetary Survey ship, and then meet","their security and are enjoying a ride on the Pirates of the Caribbean; he succeeds in foiling Rondheim (disguised as part of the display) with a prop-cutlass, breaks Rondheim's (whom he knows to be wanted mobster Carzo Butera) legs and arms and turns him over to FBI for trial and execution. Iceberg (Cussler novel) Iceberg is an adventure novel by Clive Cussler published in the United States by Dodd, Mead & Company in 1975. This is the 2nd published book to feature the author’s primary protagonist Dirk Pitt. Dirk Pitt is summoned from his vacation on the sunny beaches of","Adam Dalgliesh two novels in the Cordelia Gray series, \"An Unsuitable Job for a Woman\" and \"The Skull Beneath the Skin\". Cordelia Gray is a private detective and runs a detective agency in Kingsly Street. Dalgliesh is asked to look into the death of Sir Ronald Callender in Cambridge and acquits Gray of any charges. Gray and Dalgliesh stayed in contact, as evidenced by the congratulations card Dalgliesh receives from Gray while convalescing after a successful operation at the beginning of \"The Black Tower\". Gossiping Conrad Ackroyd also remarks on Dalgliesh's being seen dining out with Cordelia in \"A Taste for Death\".","Secret Intelligence Service In \"Skyfall\" the building is once again attacked by an explosion, this time by a cyber attack turning on a gas line and igniting the fumes, after which SIS operations are moved to a secret underground facility. In \"Spectre\", the evil head of crime organisation SPECTRE, Ernst Stavro Blofeld, traps Agent 007 James Bond alongside the film's Bond girl Dr. Madeleine Swann inside the remains of the building. Blofeld then detonated bombs planted in the building, demolishing what was left of the building fully, though Bond managed to save Dr. Swann and escape before the building exploded. On the evening","Spies and Lies Spies and Lies is a 1992 Nancy Drew and the Hardy Boys Supermystery crossover novel. It was written by Tracey West under the usual pseudonym Carolyn Keene. Nancy Drew goes undercover as a rookie in the infamous Quantico, Virginia FBI Academy, serving Judy Noll, the daughter of a powerful political figure. Judy is immediately in danger when her roommate turns up dead, and also when she is revealed to be the target of a madman. Nancy lays herself a trap, with herself as the bait. The Hardys are also posing as trainees at the bureau, but undercover,","Partners in Crime (short story collection) She flippantly discusses what exciting things she would wish to happen to her. Their conversation is interrupted by the arrival of Mr Carter (see \"The Secret Adversary\") who asks them to take over The International Detective Agency. The agency's manager, Theodore Blunt, is in prison. Carter's particular request is that they watch for letters on blue paper sent to Mr Blunt from a purported ham merchant anxious to trace his refugee wife. Each such letter will have a Russian stamp with a \"16\" written underneath. He asks for such letters to be sent to him immediately. Tommy's alias is Mr","Impossible Missions Force reports. In \",\" the IMF is identified as an independent agency of the U.S. government, some of whose agents have a front as employees of the Virginia Department of Transportation. Hunt refers to the group as the \"Impossible Mission Force\", the same name featured in the fifth film's introduction. In \"\" the entire agency is officially disavowed after Hunt's team is framed for the destruction of the Kremlin as part of a plan to trigger nuclear war, but the President, in response, initiates the \"Ghost Protocol.\" With the entire IMF disavowed, Hunt and his team escape captivity, retreat to a","Scotland Yard Investigator National Art Gallery in London. Sir James Collison, director of the National Gallery, works closely with his granddaughter Tony. While the National Gallery plans to safely return the painting, infamous art collector Carl Hoffmeyer plans to steal it. He has stolen many fine pieces before, but this would be the crown jewel of his collection. Hoffmeyer's plan includes his two henchmen, Henri and Jules, who pose as the people from the Louvre arriving to collect the painting. But when Hoffmeyer gets his hands on it he concludes it is a forgery. He is unsure whether the gallery director is in","Cabrillo sits when on the bridge, which is colloquially referred to as \"The Kirk Chair\". (In alphabetical order) (In alphabetical order) Oregon Files The Oregon Files is a group of novels written by author Clive Cussler and co-author Craig Dirgo for the first two titles followed by co-author Jack Du Brul for the next seven titles. Starting with book 10 co-author Boyd Morrison takes over. The books follow the mysterious \"Corporation\" and its leader Juan Cabrillo. The \"Oregon Files\" come from the name of the ship on which the Corporation is based, the \"Oregon\". The ship's name is based on","The Spies (TV series) The Spies is a British television series produced by the BBC in 1966. The main stars were Dinsdale Landen and Simon Oates as counter espionage agents Richard Cadell and Anthony Kelly, together with Peter Arne as Russian agent Copic. A spin-off or rebranding of the previous 1965 series \"The Mask of Janus\", \"The Spies\" was a more conventional espionage thriller series than its predecessor, being more explicitly concerned with the actual operations of British secret service agents stationed in the fictional European country Amalia. The series can be viewed as being a BBC attempt to match","Deceit (Darvill-Evans novel) and heavily guarded by the Spinward Corporation. Earth's Office of External Operations is certain something illegal is going on; and when an expedition fails to return, their suspicions are reinforced. Agent Isabelle Defries is dispatched to the system with a shipload of auxiliary troops—troops long ago drafted in from the security forces of various corporations—to find out what is going on, and to put a stop to it. One of her Auxies is not who she claims to be, and Defries soon meets her: a young woman, an explosives expert, calling herself Ace. Unwilling to waste resources, she leaves Ace","Death Merchant character uses at least one alias in every book. Examples: James Valdorian, Chester Giffwangle, Leonard Higgdon, Emil Milrich, Milton Sessions, Ludwig Huelsenbeck, Thomas Wang-Ji. On two occasions, when asked if Camellion is his real name, he replies that it does not matter. \"#63 The Soul Search Project\" reveals that Richard Joseph Camellion is not the name on his birth certificate. In the first book he is hired by the mafia to kill an informant. In later books he never works for organized crime again but accepts missions from ONI (Office of Naval Intelligence), NSA, CIA and MAD (West German counter-intelligence)","TwinKomplex they are qualified to work undercover for a mysterious secret agency. The Decentral Intelligence Agency, or DIA, is based out of Berlin and runs operations around the globe. Agents of the DIA work cooperatively with an invisible network of other agents and structures to address themes and facets affecting contemporary society. The game unfolds in a series of 12-episode-long seasons, in a release format similar to that of a television program. Over the course of an episode, which represents a week of game play, the player solves a case together with three other agents (online co-players). The cases include murders,","Organizations of Alias of directors, one of them being Arvin Sloane. Some members are from the private sector, but most are former intelligence officers. All of them are wealthy. The organization is divided into 12 sections, named SD-1 through SD-12. \"SD\" stands for \"Section Disparu\" – literally, \"the section which has disappeared\" in French (Sydney translates it as \"the section that doesn't exist\" in the episode \"Q&A\"), this was coined by founder Alain Christophe. These organizational cells are spread over 12 major cities of the world. The Alliance takes in recruits and tricks them to believe they are working for the CIA when","Antarctica (\"Agent Orange\"). Deveraux College – the \"Deveraux Academy\" in the US books – was built by Mr. Jonathan Deveraux before his death. Situated north of Boston, USA, it is a large Gothic mansion-like building covered with ivy, surrounded by a lake, a golf course, and fields for sports complexes. There is a continuous hologramatic game of football being played to maintain the cover. The first floor of the college, home to ex-secret agent receptionist Violet Crabtree, is also filled with holograms of students. An elevator decorated to look like a study, descends to the heart of Spy High –","U.N.C.L.E.'s New York headquarters. However, in the season one episode \"The Brain Killer Affair\", under T.H.R.U.S.H. mind control, Mr Waverly states that the home address of one of the other four chiefs was in France. This is the section that contains the field agents like Napoleon Solo and Illya Kuryakin. Solo is assigned to Section Two, Number One and is U.N.C.L.E.'s Chief Enforcement Agent. Illya Kuryakin is appointed Section Two Number Two and operates out of the New York office. Waverly sometimes worries that Solo \"will not be with us very long\", which will benefit no one except Illya, who","Central Intelligence Agency was approved, appropriating $13.7 billion over five years, 5% of those funds or $685 million were made available to the CIA. Robert Baer, a CNN analyst and former CIA operative, stated that normally a CIA employee undergoes a polygraph examination every three to four years. The CIA acts as the primary US HUMINT and general analytic agency, under the Director of National Intelligence, who directs or coordinates the 16 member organizations of the United States Intelligence Community. In addition, it obtains information from other U.S. government intelligence agencies, commercial information sources, and foreign intelligence services. CIA employees form part of","Bureau of Secret Intelligence The Bureau of Secret Intelligence (Office of the Chief Special Agent) was founded in 1916. The U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Secret Intelligence, later known as the Office of Security (SY) and now as the U.S. Diplomatic Security Service, was also known as U-1, an off-the-books adjunct to the Division of Information. The origins of the U.S. State Department's Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) goes back to 1916 with a handful of agents assigned special duties directly by the Secretary of State (SECSTATE), Robert Lansing. Lansing, who used MID and Department of the Treasury Secret Service","among members of the Secret Intelligence Service, also known as the SIS or MI6. The protagonist is a man known as Tweed, and the book follows his efforts to investigate the clumsily disguised murder of colleague Ian Fergusson, dubbed an \"accident\" by authorities, whilst in Hamburg, Germany, and the reasons for his killing. Circumstances lead him to believe that the only way the enemy (the Soviet Union) could have intercepted Ferguson on his mission would have been to have a double agent stationed within the SIS. As he attempts to discover the identity of \"The Janus Man who faces both","Alex Cross Alex Cross is a fictional character created by author James Patterson. He is the protagonist of the series of books about a former FBI agent and psychologist who works in Washington, D.C. Alex Cross is an African American detective and psychologist based out of the Southeast quadrant of Washington, D.C. He started in the homicide division of the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Police Department (MPDC), but eventually becomes a Senior Agent with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Cross returns to private psychology practice, but continues to work with the police as needed, ultimately rejoining the MPDC as a","Thomas Elphinstone Hambledon Thomas Elphinstone Hambledon (Tommy Hambledon) is the fictional protagonist of many spy novels written by the British author \"Manning Coles\" (actually the two-person writing team of Adelaide Frances Oke Manning and Cyril Henry Coles) from 1940 through 1963. He works for a department of the Foreign Office, usually referred to in the novels as \"MI5\" (counter-intelligence), although in the earliest books he is clearly working for the active overseas department MI6, the British equivalent of the OSS/CIA. Tommy was a teacher in a British boarding school in his first appearance in \"Drink to Yesterday\" and, during school","on the term \"the Company\", a nickname for the CIA). As the series begins, Moffet and his crew steal Airwolf during a live-fire weapons test. During the theft, Moffet opens fire on the Firm's bunker, killing a United States Senator and seriously injuring Firm deputy director Michael Coldsmith-Briggs III (codename \"Archangel\"). Moffet takes the gunship to Libya, where he begins performing acts of aggression—such as sinking an American destroyer—as a service for Muammar Gaddafi, who allows Moffet to keep Airwolf on Libyan soil. Archangel recruits the reclusive Stringfellow Hawke, the chief test pilot during the development of Airwolf, to recover","Trust Metric stops Dwayne, and the pair escape onto a subway train. Some time later, Colby makes two calls. One goes to voicemail, and the other is to Charlie and Don. Colby tells Don that Colby, since his training at the FBI Academy, has been a triple agent working with Michael Kirkland in the FBI's Counterintelligence Division to find a mole within the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). The team confirms Kirkland's existence and FBI work, as well as his visit with Colby, but finds Kirkland dead in a hotel room, leaving no way to confirm the rest of Colby's story.","\"THE Perfect Spy\". A Perfect Spy A Perfect Spy (1986) by British author John le Carré is a novel about the mental and moral dissolution of a high level secret agent. \"A Perfect Spy\" is the life story of Magnus Pym, a British intelligence officer and double agent. After attending his father's funeral, Pym mysteriously disappears. As his fellow intelligence officers frantically search for him it becomes clear that, throughout most of his career, Magnus worked as a spy for the Czechoslovak secret service. Although intrigue, wit, and suspense make up much of the novel, the story of Magnus Pym","Pinkerton (detective agency) Pinkerton, founded as the Pinkerton National Detective Agency, is a private security guard and detective agency established in the United States by Scotsman Allan Pinkerton in 1850 and currently a subsidiary of Securitas AB. Pinkerton became famous when he claimed to have foiled a plot to assassinate president-elect Abraham Lincoln, who later hired Pinkerton agents for his personal security during the Civil War. Pinkerton's agents performed services ranging from security guarding to private military contracting work. Pinkerton was the largest private law enforcement organization in the world at the height of its power. During the labor strikes","Thunderball (novel) by the crime syndicate SPECTRE and the subsequent attempted blackmail of the Western powers for their return. James Bond, Secret Service operative 007, travels to the Bahamas to work with his friend Felix Leiter, seconded back into the CIA for the investigation. \"Thunderball\" also introduces SPECTRE's leader Ernst Stavro Blofeld, in the first of three appearances in Bond novels, with \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\" and \"You Only Live Twice\" being the others. \"Thunderball\" has been adapted four times, once in a comic strip format for the \"Daily Express\" newspaper, twice for the cinema and once for the radio. The","Be an Interplanetary Spy to the books themselves. Because of this, it is almost impossible to find a copy today in mint condition. The writers frequently used the books' own ISBN numbers, which they called \"Interplanetary Spy Binary Numbers\" as codes or clues within the stories. The underlying concept of the series is that the reader is a member of an agency known as Spy Center, an organisation that maintains order throughout the galaxy and falls partway between a police service and an intelligence agency. This agency has its headquarters in Sector 666, known as 'The Sector of Illusions'. The reader's character is usually","names with the intention that should his agent Jim Prideaux uncover information about the identity of the mole, Prideaux can relay it back to the Circus using a simple, easy-to-recall codename. The names are derived from the English children's rhyme \"Tinker, Tailor\":<poem>Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor, rich man, poor man, beggarman, thief.</poem> Alleline was \"Tinker\", Haydon was \"Tailor\", Bland was \"Soldier\", Toby Esterhase was \"Poor Man\", and George Smiley was \"Beggarman\" (\"sailor\" was not used due to its similar sound to \"tailor\".) \"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy\" employs spy jargon which is presented as the authentic insider-speak of British Intelligence. Le Carré","Read or Die , an external intelligence agency working within the actual British Library and its Special Operations Division (the British Secret Intelligence Service, more widely known as MI6) is also often mentioned, despite Kurata's editors (erroneously) telling him it no longer existed. The series follows Yomiko Readman, also known as \"The Paper\", a superhuman agent of the Library's Special Operations (possessing a \"double 0\" certification that denotes a \"license to kill\", as in the James Bond series, although she rarely invokes it). In both the novels and manga, her adventures alternate between doing missions for the British Library and helping young novelist","The Spy (Cussler novel) The Spy is an Isaac Bell adventure tale, the third in that series. The hardcover edition was released June 1, 2010. Other editions were released on different dates. This novel is set in 1908, as international tensions are rising and moving the world toward war. A notable American battleship gun designer dies in what is thought a sensational suicide, but his daughter has no doubt he was murdered. She turns to the legendary Van Dorn Detective Agency to investigate and clear her father's name. Owner Joseph Van Dorn assigns his chief investigator, Isaac Bell, to the"],"string":"[\n \"The Moonstone The Moonstone (1868) by Wilkie Collins is a 19th-century British epistolary novel. It is generally considered to be the first detective novel, and it established many of the ground rules of the modern detective novel. The story was originally serialised in Charles Dickens' magazine \\\"All the Year Round\\\". \\\"The Moonstone\\\" and \\\"The Woman in White\\\" are widely considered to be Collins' best novels, and Collins adapted \\\"The Moonstone\\\" for the stage in 1877, although the production was performed for only two months. The Moonstone of the title is a diamond, not to be confused with the semi-precious moonstone\",\n \"Secret Intelligence Service North Korean man ever agreed to work for MI6. Since 1995, SIS headquarters has been at 85 Vauxhall Cross, along the Albert Embankment in Vauxhall on the south bank of the River Thames by Vauxhall Bridge, London. Previous headquarters have been Century House, 100 Westminster Bridge Road, Lambeth (1966–1995); and 54 Broadway, off Victoria Street, London (1924–1966). Although SIS operated from Broadway, it was actually based at St James's Street and also made considerable use of the adjoining St Ermin's Hotel. The building was designed by Sir Terry Farrell and built by John Laing. The developer Regalian Properties approached the\",\n \"John Reese (Person of Interest) that, they meet by chance in an airport, where a newly engaged Jessica gives John a final opportunity to save their relationship by asking her to wait for him; he is unable to do so. Following his military career, John joins the CIA in 2005 and is recruited by the elite Special Activities Division of the CIA, by which time he is using the last name \\\"Reese\\\". Sometime in 2006 he is partnered with Kara Stanton, and they are assigned to black ops activities by their handler, Mark Snow. Although Reese demonstrates the skills necessary to conduct the missions to\",\n \"Rubicon (TV series) on AMC's \\\"Rubicon\\\" website included the \\\"Intelligence Team Aptitude Test\\\", a personality quiz that told users which job they'd be best suited for at the American Policy Institute (the fictional intelligence agency featured on the show). Inspired by Will's discovery of a code hidden within newspaper crossword puzzles in episode 1, \\\"The New York Times\\\" created an original \\\"Rubicon\\\"-themed crossword puzzle prior to Rubicon's premiere which eventually became exclusively available on AMC's Rubicon website. Promotion also included \\\"Maggie’s Blog\\\", a personal blog authored by one of the show's characters, Maggie Young. AMC's \\\"Rubicon\\\" website also featured exclusive sneak peek and\",\n \"History of espionage often to be hanged. Intelligence gathering for the Confederates focused on Alexandria, Virginia, and the surrounding area. Thomas Jordan created a network of agents that included Rose O'Neal Greenhow. Greenhow delivered reports to Jordan via the “Secret Line,” the system used to smuggle letters, intelligence reports, and other documents to Confederate officials. The Confederacy's Signal Corps was devoted primarily to communications and intercepts, but it also included a covert agency called the Confederate Secret Service Bureau, which ran espionage and counter-espionage operations in the North including two networks in Washington. In both armies, the cavalry service was the main instrument\",\n \"in disguise and following the Moscow Rules, where the idea of treating the place as enemy territory is repeated. In \\\"The Middleman\\\", episode 8 (the \\\"Ectoplasmic Pan-Hellenic Investigation\\\"), the Moscow Rules are recited. The Moscow rules The Moscow rules are rules-of-thumb said to have been developed during the Cold War to be used by spies and others working in Moscow. The rules are associated with Moscow because the city developed a reputation as being a particularly harsh locale for clandestine operatives who were exposed. The list may never have existed as written. Agent Tony Mendez wrote:Although no one had written\",\n \"The Mysterious Island his protégé and adopted son Harbert Brown (called Herbert in some translations); and the journalist Gedéon Spilett (Gideon Spilett in English versions). The company is completed by Cyrus' dog \\\"Top\\\". After flying in a great storm for several days, the group crash-lands on a cliff-bound, volcanic, unknown island, described as being located at , about east of New Zealand. They name it \\\"Lincoln Island\\\" in honor of their president, Abraham Lincoln. With the knowledge of the brilliant engineer Smith, the five are able to sustain themselves on the island, producing fire, pottery, bricks, nitroglycerin, iron, a simple electric telegraph, a\",\n \"Case Closed: The Phantom of Baker Street in reality using a large electromagnetic burst. The kids must choose one of five types of games while the audience watch helplessly, unable to shut the game down. Conan and the Junior Detectives choose the fifth, a re-creation 19th century London set in the world of Sherlock Holmes. Conan and his friends track down 221B Baker Street, only to find that Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson are at Dartmoor. Since Holmes cannot help, the kids find Sebastian Moran and Professor Moriarty. Moriarty tells Conan that he trained Jack the Ripper when Jack was a street urchin. The professor gives the\",\n \"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (film) pages for that night have been cut out, supporting Tarr's story. Smiley discovers that Prideaux is alive, having been exchanged with the Soviets after a period of brutal interrogation, and is living a life of solitude as a school teacher. Smiley interviews Prideaux, who reveals that the true purpose of the mission to Hungary was to get the name of the mole. Control had codenamed the suspects \\\"Tinker\\\" (Alleline), \\\"Tailor\\\" (Haydon), \\\"Soldier\\\" (Bland), \\\"Poorman\\\" (Esterhase), and \\\"Beggarman\\\" (Smiley). Smiley learns that Alleline, Haydon, Bland, and Esterhase have been meeting Polyakov—the \\\"Witchcraft\\\" source—at a safe house somewhere in London, where Polyakov\",\n \"which describes him as: Throughout the films other abilities have been noted: The motion picture Mr. Moto is described as an agent for Interpol. In the first film, \\\"Think Fast, Mr. Moto\\\", he reveals that he is the managing director of the Dai Nippon Trading Company and had decided to investigate the smuggling activities that were harming his business. He claims to be a detective \\\"only as a hobby.\\\" In the second film, \\\"Thank You, Mr. Moto\\\", the definition of his occupation/hobby begins to get murky. He tells a woman that he is an importer whose hobby is detective work,\",\n \"the Government Wide Area Network (GWAN). In October 2008, NRO declassified five mission ground stations: three in the United States, near Washington, D.C.; Aurora, Colorado; and Las Cruces, New Mexico, and a presence at RAF Menwith Hill, UK, and at the Joint Defence Facility Pine Gap, Australia. National Reconnaissance Office The National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) is a member of the United States Intelligence Community and an agency of the United States Department of Defense. NRO is considered, along with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), National Security Agency (NSA), Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), to be one\",\n \"The Kraken Project The terrified Shepherd asks to accompany him, both for her own protection and so that she can help bring an end to the AI she created. Meanwhile, a ruthless Wall Street banker named G. Parker Lansing, after witnessing a hacker steal his company's funds right out from under him, convinces his partner Eric Moro to help him track down the lost AI so that it can make the most precise market calculations to guarantee them investment success in the future. They hire a pair of twin assassins, Asan and Jyrgal Makashov, to help them in any of their endeavors that\",\n \"and identities of Max Carrados and his usual accomplice Mr Carlyle are explained in the first story, \\\"The Coin of Dionysius\\\". Mr Carlyle is a private investigator, running a private inquiry agency concerned mainly with divorce and defalcation. He is directed to the home of Wynn Carrados at The Turrets, Richmond, London, for an expert opinion on a tetradrachm of Dionysius the Elder of Sicily which he believes may be a forgery substituted into a famous collection in the course of a theft. At their meeting, the blind Carrados immediately recognises Mr Carlyle (from his voice) as his former schoolfriend\",\n \"Top Secret (novel) Top Secret is to be the first novel in the Clandestine Operations series by W.E.B. Griffin and William E. Butterworth IV. This novel centers around a new officer, James Cronley, who at the very end of World War II is recruited for a new intelligence operation and is sent to Germany. Cronley suffers a personal tragedy just before being sent to his new post. It is hoped Cronley can become a great asset to the new organization, which is to become the Central Intelligence Agency. Cronley is put in charge of an operation that includes former German\",\n \"The Amber Spyglass thinking about Lyra. Mary learns how to see her own dæmon, a black Alpine chough. Will's dæmon, named Kirjava by Serafina, has taken the permanent form of a large black cat. Lyra returns to Jordan College in her world. Having lost her ability to intuitively read the alethiometer, a truth-telling device, she decides to study alethiometry. She and her dæmon Pantalaimon, who has taken the permanent form of a pine marten, resolve to build the Republic of Heaven. Pullman's publishers have primarily marketed the \\\"His Dark Materials\\\" series to young adults, but Pullman also intended to speak to adults. \\\"The\",\n \"Death to Spies Death to Spies () is a stealth third-person shooter PC game set in World War II and produced by 1C Company and Russian studio Haggard Games. The game was released on October 17, 2007 on PC and then later to Valve's digital distribution system, Steam, on March 12, 2008. \\\"Death to Spies\\\" takes place from a third-person perspective. The player controls Semion Strogov, a captain in a Soviet counterintelligence agency named SMERSH. Strogov is able to run, jump, crouch, crawl and climb over obstacles, and he is also able to drive vehicles. Taking place in World War\",\n \"is depicted as the headquarters of the \\\"Daily Bugle\\\", for which Peter Parker is a freelance photographer, in the \\\"Spider-Man\\\" movies. It is shown as the location of the Channel 6 News headquarters where April O'Neil works in the \\\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\\\" TV series. The Flatiron Building is also the home of the fictional company Damage Control in the Marvel Universe comics and for the CIA sponsored, super hero management team \\\"The Boys\\\" in the Dynamite Comics title of the same name. In 2013, the Whitney Museum of American Art installed a life-sized 3D-cutout replica of Edward Hopper's 1942\",\n \"Who Could That Be at This Hour? story begins in the Hemlock Tearoom and Stationery Shop, where a thirteen-year-old Lemony Snicket escapes his current chaperones, who are masquerading as his parents, to apprentice under S. Theodora Markson, the 52nd ranked V.F.D. member on a list of 52. After learning that his current chaperones were trying to knock him out with tea laced with laudanum, Snicket escapes with Markson in a green roadster. They arrive at the mostly abandoned town of Stain'd-by-the-Sea, a once-great exporter of octopus ink that has fallen on hard times. It is here that they get their assignment: They must steal the Bombinating Beast\",\n \"The Accidental Spy scatters his ashes at his wife's grave and finds a message (\\\"wait for me\\\") engraved on the tombstone. After leaving the cemetery, Yuen and Carmen narrowly evade attacks from thugs. Yuen later realises that \\\"wait for me\\\" corresponds to a phone number of a bank in Istanbul. In Istanbul, Yuen uses the crucifix, which turns out to be a stamp, to retrieve the contents of Park's safety deposit box. Shortly after leaving the bank, he encounters several robbers trying to steal his briefcase full of money. He holds off the robbers until the police show up and the robbers flee.\",\n \"T.U.F.F. Puppy the third season consisted of eight episodes, for a total of 60 episodes. The series' main character is a dim-witted but determined dog named Dudley Puppy who works as a spy for an organization called T.U.F.F. (short for Turbo Undercover Fighting Force). His partner is a cat named Kitty Katswell. Other helpers are The Chief and Keswick. The series takes place in the fictional city of Petropolis (distinct from the Brazilian city of Petrópolis, which is the Greek name for St. Petersburg), which is populated by anthropomorphic animals. As a member of T.U.F.F., Dudley Puppy helps Kitty Katswell protect Petropolis\",\n \"Gehlen Organization The Gehlen Organization or Gehlen Org was an intelligence agency established in June 1946 by U.S. occupation authorities in the United States Zone of Germany, and consisted of former members of the 12th Department of the German Army General Staff (Foreign Armies East, or FHO). It carries the name of Wehrmacht Major General Reinhard Gehlen, head of the Nazi German military intelligence in the Eastern Front during World War II. After World War II, Reinhard Gehlen acted under the tutelage of US Army G-2 (intelligence), but he wished to establish an association with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).\",\n \"Veritas Project The Veritas Project is a Christian science fiction series of books written by Frank E. Peretti and targeted towards teenagers. The series presents the Veritas Project as a privately funded team commissioned by the President to investigate supernatural occurrences, mysteries, and crimes from a Judeo-Christian perspective. The team consists of Nate and Sarah Springfield and their sixteen-year-old twins Elijah and Elisha. Their mission is to report not only the facts related to their cases, but also the truth behind the facts. \\\"Veritas\\\" in Latin means \\\"truth\\\". Currently, the two entries in the series are \\\"Hangman's Curse\\\" (2001) and\",\n \"Checkmate (comics) first set up by Amanda Waller to serve as a small branch of Task Force X under the command of Colonel Valentina Vostok (formerly Negative Woman of the Doom Patrol) to perform operations worldwide considered vital to the security of American interests. She relinquishes command to Harry Stein, who recreates The Agency into a new image and organization, dubbed Checkmate, in relation to its chess-inspired organizational scheme. \\\"The Janus Directive\\\" is a crossover storyline that involves an inter-agency war between Checkmate, the Suicide Squad, and Project Atom, who are manipulated by Kobra in order to distract the United States intelligence\",\n \"Arthur Adams (spy) in 1943, U.S. Military Intelligence received information from confidential sources linking Adams to scientists working at the Met Lab. In the spring of 1944 they observed clandestine meetings between Adams and Met Lab scientist Clarence Hiskey. The FBI and Military Security performed an illegal search of Adam's New York apartment and discovered sophisticated camera equipment, material for constructing microfilm, and notes on experiments being conducted at the atomic bomb laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. They also observed him climbing into an automobile driven by Pavel Mikhailov (codename: Molière) the GRU station chief in New York. The U.S. military decided to\",\n \"The Secret Show they try to save the world from the latest threats to civilization. They work for the secret organization, U.Z.Z, run by their commanding agent, whose codename is \\\"changed daily\\\" for reasons of security, always to an unusual or ridiculous phrase. U.Z.Z also comprises Professor Professor, whose inventions and scientific background frequently save the day; Special Agent Ray who often runs missions behind the scenes; and a large team of standard agents. They frequently counter threats from their main enemy, T.H.E.M. - The Horrible Evil Menace. T.H.E.M is headed up by the evil antagonist in the series, Doctor Doctor, who is\",\n \"espionage years, tries to publicize the truth, but slander by the British government results in his story being totally discredited. Absolute Friends Absolute Friends is an espionage novel by John le Carré published in December 2003. The book tells the story of Ted Mundy, the Pakistan-born son of a British army officer, who as a student becomes proficient in the German language. He joins a 1960s-era student protest group in West Berlin and becomes a lifelong friend of a West German student anarchist named Sasha. Having been brutally beaten by West Berlin police and ejected from Germany, Mundy fails at\",\n \"Special Intelligence Service The Special Intelligence Service was a covert counterintelligence branch of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) located in South America during World War II. It was established during the term of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to monitor Axis activities in Central and South America. In 1934, President Roosevelt began to grow concerned about activities of Nazi groups within the United States. The FBI was ordered to begin investigating these groups operating within the country. The goal of this work was to determine if foreign agents were working within these American Nazi groups. In 1940,\",\n \"The Associate (novel) further action. With the tape now in his possession, Bennie threatens to expose Kyle's secret unless he cooperates with Bennie and his associates. Bennie's plan is to have Kyle accept a position at New York City-based Scully & Pershing, the world's largest law firm, which is representing Trylon Aeronautics in its case against Bartin Dynamics. The two defense contractors had joined forces to design the B-10 HyperSonic Bomber for The Pentagon, and when they won the contract over Lockheed, the competitor sought support from senators and lobbyists. Legal battles ensued, and Trylon and Bartin, each laying claim to ownership of\",\n \"Alex Rider (character) example, in \\\"Point Blank\\\" he snowboards down a mountain on an ironing board to escape Point Blanc Academy, in \\\"Skeleton Key\\\" he scuba dives into Skeleton Key, in \\\"Scorpia\\\" he base jumps into a factory, in \\\"Ark Angel\\\" he walks between two apartment buildings on a tightrope and in \\\"Snakehead\\\", he kayaks down a river on a makeshift kayak. As the series progresses, Alex becomes more skilled at spying. He later pursues Damian Cray alone after MI6 refuse to investigate him, and is recruited by the CIA in the United States, and later by the ASIS in Australia although in\",\n \"of Circus staff who distributes assignments and conducts inquiries. Monty Arbuck: Head of the Watchers, who briefs and commands Circus clandestine observation teams. Mabel: Ned's wife. Although he has been unfaithful to her many times, and they are separated for a while, at the conclusion they are maintaining a mostly comfortable marriage. The Secret Pilgrim The Secret Pilgrim is a 1990 episodic novel by John le Carré, set within the frame narrative of an informal dinner talk given at the spy-training school in Sarratt by George Smiley. As Smiley talks, the first-person narrator, whom readers know only as \\\"Ned,\\\" recalls\",\n \"the company is in talks with Sir Ronald Harwood to adapt the book. Hanns and Rudolf Hanns and Rudolf is a dual biography of Hanns Alexander and Rudolf Höss by the British-American journalist Thomas Harding. In the aftermath of the Second World War, the first British War Crimes Investigation Team is assembled to hunt down the senior Nazi officials responsible for the greatest atrocities the world has ever seen. One of the lead investigators is Lieutenant Hanns Alexander, a German Jew who is now serving in the British Army. Rudolf Höss is his most elusive target. As Kommandant of Auschwitz,\",\n \"Web of Spies Web of Spies is the eleventh novel in the long-running Nick Carter-Killmaster series of spy novels. Carter is a US secret agent, code-named N-3, with the rank of Killmaster. He works for AXE – a secret arm of the US intelligence services. The book was first published in January 1966 (Number A163F) by Award Books part of the Beacon-Signal division of Universal Publishing and Distributing Corporation (New York, USA), part of the Conde Nast Publications Inc. The novel was written by Manning Lee Stokes. The story is set in September 1965. Carter is assigned to Mission Sappho\",\n \"Clear and Present Danger Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) then proceeds to seize the laundered money from several banks in the United States and Europe, which amounted to over 650 million dollars. The seizure of the cartel money by the FBI infuriates drug cartel leader Ernesto Escobedo, who had ordered the hit on the American businessman. Meanwhile, his intelligence officer Felix Cortez finds out about FBI director Emil Jacobs's official visit to the Attorney General of Colombia, and as a result, Escobedo orders the assassination of Jacobs without informing Cortez. Upon arriving in the city of Bogotá, the FBI director's motorcade was ambushed, killing\",\n \"Jan Guillou Jan Oskar Sverre Lucien Henri Guillou (, ; born 17 January 1944) is a French-Swedish author and journalist. Among his books are a series of spy fiction novels about a spy named Carl Hamilton, and a trilogy(+) of historical fiction novels about a Knight Templar, Arn Magnusson. He is the owner of one of the largest publishing companies in Sweden, Piratförlaget (\\\"Pirate Publishing\\\"), together with his wife, publisher Ann-Marie Skarp, and Liza Marklund. Guillou's fame in Sweden was established during his time as an investigative journalist. In 1973, he and co-reporter Peter Bratt exposed a secret intelligence organization\",\n \"The Most Special Agent Mac to allow Joe, aided by the BIG RAT, to join the fight for world peace by enlisting in WIN. Professor Ian \\\"Mac\\\" McClaine invites his friend Sam Loover to his Dorset cottage to view his latest invention, the Brain Impulse Galvanoscope Record And Transfer (BIG RAT). The device is capable of interfacing with the human brain, allowing knowledge and experience to be transferred electronically from one person to another. To demonstrate, Mac uploads his own \\\"brain pattern\\\" to his nine-year-old adopted son, Joe. Under questioning by Mac and Loover, Joe displays expert knowledge of the C-3400 supercomputer. Although Mac\",\n \"Veronica Whiteley - The daughter of a wealthy mine owner. She’s a debutante who was going to be engaged with Lord Beaucastle an aristocratic who is later revealed to be the baron. John Hardcastle - In the midnight peacock revealed to be the baron. He's the disgraced youngest son of the duke of Cleaveland. Edward Sinclair - On the surface, a millionaire later to be revealed to be in fact a spy sent by America to investigate Franternis Draconm the brotherhood of dragons. The Sinclair's Mysteries The Sinclair's Mysteries is a quartet of children's historical mysteries from author Katherine Woodfine.\",\n \"Private investigator Abraham Lincoln in 1861. Pinkerton's agents performed services which ranged from undercover investigations and detection of crimes, to plant protection and armed security. It is sometimes claimed, probably with exaggeration, that at the height of its existence, the Pinkerton National Detective Agency employed more agents than the United States Army. Allan Pinkerton hired Kate Warne in 1856 as a private detective, making her the first female private detective in America. During the union unrest in the US in the late 19th century, companies sometimes hired operatives and armed guards from the Pinkertons. In the aftermath of the Homestead Riot of\",\n \"Casino Royale (novel) assistant to the Head of Section S (Soviet Union). The CIA and the French Deuxième Bureau also send agents as observers. The game soon turns into an intense confrontation between Le Chiffre and Bond; Le Chiffre wins the first round, cleaning Bond out of his funds. As Bond contemplates the prospect of reporting his failure to M, the CIA agent, Felix Leiter, gives him an envelope of money and a note: \\\"Marshall Aid. Thirty-two million francs. With the compliments of the USA.\\\" The game continues, despite the attempts of one of Le Chiffre's minders to kill Bond. Bond eventually wins,\",\n \"James Fenimore Cooper Linonian Society. Cooper served in the U.S. Navy as a midshipman, which greatly influenced many of his novels and other writings. The novel that launched his career was \\\"The Spy\\\", a tale about counter-espionage set during the American Revolutionary War and published in 1821. He also wrote numerous sea stories, and his best-known works are five historical novels of the frontier period known as the \\\"Leatherstocking Tales\\\". Cooper's works on the U.S. Navy have been well received among naval historians, but they were sometimes criticized by his contemporaries. Among his most famous works is the Romantic novel \\\"The Last of\",\n \"The Da Vinci Code (film) negative reviews from critics. It was followed by two sequels, \\\"Angels & Demons\\\" (2009) and \\\"Inferno\\\" (2016). Jacques Saunière, the Louvre's curator, is pursued through the Grand Gallery by an albino Catholic monk named Silas, who demands the location of the Priory's \\\"keystone\\\" to find and destroy the Holy Grail. Saunière gives him a false lead and is murdered. When the police arrive, they find his body posed like Da Vinci's Vitruvian Man. The police captain, Bezu Fache, sends his lieutenant, Jérôme Collet, to summon American symbologist Robert Langdon, in the midst of signing autographs after one of his public\",\n \"Micro (novel) arachnologist; Erika Moll, an entomologist and coleopterist; Amar Singh, a botanist; Jenny Linn, a biochemist studying pheromones; and Danny Minot, a doctoral student studying the linguistics of science. They are visited by the CEO of Nanigen, Vincent \\\"Vin\\\" Drake, along with his CFO, Alyson Bender, and Peter's brother Eric, who is a vice president at Nanigen. The seven students are recruited by Drake to work with him at a laboratory in Hawaii. Although they are at first reluctant, they all decide to take Drake's offer and fly out to Oahu. The following morning, Peter receives vague text messages from Eric\",\n \"Simple Genius help his professional and platonic partner Michelle Maxwell, is forced to seek an assignment from his ex-girlfriend Joan Dillinger, a fellow ex-Secret Service agent who runs her own private investigation agency. Joan gives him a case based at a laboratory, investigating the murder of a scientist, Monk Turing. During his investigations, he stumbles on Camp Peary, the CIA training facility which leads him to a more complicated investigation, on which he works together with Michelle, who has attempted suicide after a psychological breakdown. He encounters Turing's autistic daughter, Viggie Turing, who is also extraordinary talented, but is willing to trust\",\n \"Spy Castle Spy Castle is the twelfth novel in the long-running Nick Carter-Killmaster series of spy novels. Carter is a US secret agent, code-named N-3, with the rank of Killmaster. He works for AXE – a secret arm of the US intelligence services. The book was first published in January 1966 (Number A166F) by Award Books part of the Beacon-Signal division of Universal Publishing and Distributing Corporation (New York, USA), part of the Conde Nast Publications Inc. The novel was written by Manning Lee Stokes. The story is set in November 1965. A 50 megaton nuclear missile is launched from\",\n \"Fraulein Spy Fraulein Spy is the fifth novel in the long-running Nick Carter-Killmaster series. The book was first published in October 1964 (Number A118F) by Award Books part of the Beacon-Signal division of Universal Publishing and Distributing Corporation (New York, USA), part of the Conde Nast Publications Inc. The novel was written by Valerie Moolman. Copyright was registered in the US on 11 October 1964. The story is set in May 1964. Nick Carter is on the trail of Judas – the master spy first encountered in \\\"Run, Spy, Run\\\". Posing as an investigative journalist for a West German tabloid\",\n \"Derek Flint Derek Flint is a fictional world adventurer and master spy featured in a series of movies and comic books. Flint, a parody of James Bond and Doc Savage, is an agent for Z.O.W.I.E. (Zonal Organization World Intelligence Espionage). In 1965, 20th Century Fox presented its own version of a master spy to take on United Artists' popular James Bond franchise. The first three James Bond movies had already made considerable money for that studio, so Fox decided to try for itself. Their hero was wholly a celluloid creation, however, not a transfer from a book series. The first\",\n \"Mole (espionage) location within the foreign government or organization of the information they want (the \\\"target\\\"), find out which people have access to it, and attempt to recruit one of them as a spy (\\\"agent\\\") to obtain the information. However, the people with access to top secret government information, government employees with high security clearances, are carefully monitored by the government's security apparatus for just this sort of espionage approach. Thus, it is difficult for a representative of the foreign intelligence service to meet with them clandestinely to recruit them. Private organizations such as large corporations or terrorist groups have similar security\",\n \"or disprove. In some countries the book was titled \\\"Vengeance: Sword of Gideon\\\", from which the movie title is drawn. The story was retold in the 2005 film \\\"Munich\\\" by Steven Spielberg. Avner, an adept Israeli military officer is selected as the leader of a Mossad team of expert agents for a covert mission to avenge the Munich massacre and other recent attacks. They are initially successful in their assassinations but as they progress it becomes harder and harder to find their targets and they themselves are targeted with varying success by their enemies. With Avner and Jean the driver\",\n \"investigate the Humboldt Sea on the Moon's far side, where orbital surveillance indicates that a new, unauthorised colony is being built. On arrival at Lunarville 7, the officers are met by the Controller and his assistant, Orson. They are also introduced to the colony's main computer, an artificial intelligence called \\\"Speech Intelligence Decoder\\\" (SID) that identifies humans through recognition discs. After the officers hand over the President's letter, Orson agrees to take them on a trip in a Moonmobile, a vehicle that exploits the Moon's low gravity to jump and glide over its surface. However, when Scarlet suggests a visit\",\n \"Double Identity (Killmaster novel) Double Identity is the twenty-second novel in the long-running Nick Carter-Killmaster series of spy novels. Carter is a US secret agent, code-named N-3, with the rank of Killmaster. He works for AXE – a secret arm of the US intelligence services. The book was first published in 1967 (Number A229X) by Award Books part of the Beacon-Signal division of Universal Publishing and Distributing Corporation (New York, USA), part of the Conde Nast Publications Inc. The novel was written by Manning Lee Stokes. Copyright was registered on 22 May 1967. The novel is set in October 1965.\",\n \"Paperon Intelligence Agency Paperon Intelligence Agency (acronym: P.I.A.) is an ongoing storyline in the Italian Donald Duck pocket books. In the storyline, Scrooge McDuck (\\\"Paperon de' Paperoni\\\") is the chief of an intelligence agency named after him, whose intention is the protection of his money. Scrooge employs Donald Duck and Fethry Duck as secret agents to fight various enemies, such as the Beagle Boys and the mad scientist Zantaf. Donald's codename is Qu-Qu 7 (\\\"quasi qualificato\\\", Italian for \\\"almost qualified\\\"; also a pun on \\\"cucù-settete\\\" or \\\"bubù-settete\\\", the Italian word for \\\"peekaboo\\\"), and Fethry's codename is Me-Se 12 (\\\"a mezzo\",\n \"Scotland Yard. This alias is also mentioned in \\\"Aunts Aren't Gentlemen\\\". Jeeves is a member of the Junior Ganymede Club, a London club for butlers and valets. Jeeves is first hired by Bertie in \\\"Jeeves Takes Charge\\\". In this short story, Bertie briefly fires Jeeves after Jeeves, who believes that Bertie would not be happy with his fiancée Florence Craye, takes steps to end Bertie's engagement to her. Bertie quickly rehires Jeeves after realizing that Jeeves was right. Thereafter, Jeeves lives with Bertie, usually in their London residence at Berkeley Mansions. Over the course of the short stories and novels,\",\n \"George Smiley as a minor but pivotal character in \\\"The Spy Who Came in from the Cold\\\", his third novel. Smiley is revealed to have come back into the service of The Circus as the top aide to Control, Maston's mysterious successor as the Circus' chief. It's revealed that, following the events of \\\"Call for the Dead,\\\" Smiley and Guillam succeeded in turning Mundt, the sole survivor of the spy ring, into a British double agent, and sent him back to East Germany. Fearing that Mundt's cover is about to be blown, Smiley and Control manipulate agent Alec Leamas into posing as\",\n \"John Clark (Tom Clancy character) identity of the fingerprints found at one of the murder scenes) and goes to work for the CIA full-time, under the pseudonym \\\"John Clark\\\". (See \\\"Without Remorse\\\") His middle name appears variously with one and two 'R's, and the name \\\"John Terrence Clark\\\" appears in the novel \\\"Clear and Present Danger\\\". Throughout his career, Clark has been through a number of real-life crisis zones. In addition to the Vietnam War, he has also been through the Iran hostage crisis and the Gulf War, plus a number of missions in the Soviet Union, and claims to have \\\"had Abu Nidal's head\",\n \"Behavioral Analysis Unit disciplines such as odontology, anthropology, psychiatry, entomology, or pathology. The BAU was brought into mainstream culture by television shows such as \\\"Criminal Minds\\\", which depict an elite group of \\\"FBI agent profilers\\\" who travel the country assisting local law enforcement on diverse cases. The CBS weekly drama series \\\"Criminal Minds\\\" and its spinoff, \\\"\\\" both feature the BAU. Thomas Harris' Hannibal Lecter novels and the corresponding films (\\\"Manhunter\\\", \\\"The Silence of the Lambs\\\", \\\"Hannibal\\\", and \\\"Red Dragon\\\") featured the Behavioral Science Unit (BSU), which later created and developed what eventually became known as the BAU. It is also seen in\",\n \"at her apartment. Dead. Stashed in his rucksack are a series of clues that will lead Lori into the most dangerous situation of her life. And into conflict with a secret society, every member of which is supposed to be dead. Benjamin Stanton Jr. is a graduate of the Deveraux College, the highly secret school for teenage spies. His old girlfriend is Lori Angel. When Spy High's old enemy, President Vlad Tepesch of Wallachia, steals an alien device from a Deveraux Moon Colony, Ben's mission is pretty straightforward: Get it back. Standing between Ben and his goal are enemy soldiers,\",\n \"Spy fiction Wife\\\" (1980); and Raymond Harold Sawkins, writing as Colin Forbes, \\\"Double Jeopardy\\\" (1982). \\\"The Scarlatti Inheritance\\\" (1971) by Robert Ludlum is usually considered the first American modern (glamour and dirt) spy thriller weighing action and reflection. In the 1970s, former CIA man Charles McCarry began the Paul Christopher series with \\\"The Miernik Dossier\\\" (1973) and \\\"The Tears of Autumn\\\" (1978), which were well written, with believable tradecraft. The first American techno-thriller was \\\"The Hunt for Red October\\\" (1984) by Tom Clancy. It introduced CIA deskman (analyst) Jack Ryan as a field agent; he reprised the role in the sequel \\\"The\",\n \"Organizations of Alias work for APO. Although headed by Sloane, APO ultimately answered to CIA Director Hayden Chase, and at the end of Season 4, Sloane was removed from his post and replaced by Jack Bristow, who remained in charge of APO into Season 5. Sloane ultimately returned to APO as assistant director, although unknown to his colleagues he was now a mole for Prophet Five, a criminal organization that also pretended to be the CIA in order to recruit. Sloane was allowed back into APO in order to use its resources to find a cure for Nadia Santos, his daughter, after the\",\n \"The Spies (film) Kim makes a living by selling fake Viagra pills smuggled from China and returns home every night to his wife and two loving children. When Kim unexpectedly receives an assassination order from his boss (Yoo Hae-jin), he gathers his teammates which consist of assistant manager Kang (Yum Jung-ah), a single mother and real estate agent, adviser Yoon (Byun Hee-bong), a retired senior citizen who specializes in making forged IDs, and assistant manager Woo (Jung Gyu-woon), a farmer whose expertise lies on hacking computers. Although these four people no longer want to be part of the assassination coup, they have no\",\n \"Frau Farbissina Hoffner heads an international spy school in East Berlin known as the \\\"Mata Hari School of Dancing\\\", where she boards and trains young women to be agents for both sides of the Cold War. Her surname derives from the Yiddish word ( in German), meaning \\\"embittered\\\"; a is an angry, bitter, vocal (male) person, while is the corresponding female form. , German for \\\"Mrs.\\\" or \\\"woman\\\", is apparently treated as a given name. She has a heavy German accent; in the German dubbed versions of the films, she speaks with an Upper Saxon dialect, suggesting coming from East Germany. In\",\n \"The Time Traders to discover the secrets, we get them from someone who did. \\\"The outline below follows the 1958 version; afterward, the changes in the 2000 edition are described. At the end of the twentieth century petty criminal Ross Murdock is given the choice of facing a new psychiatric medical procedure called \\\"rehabilitation\\\" or volunteering to join a secret government project. Hoping for a chance to escape, Ross volunteers to join Operation Retrograde and is taken by Major John Kelgarries to a base built under the ice near the North Pole. Teamed with archaeologist Gordon Ashe, he is trained to mimic a\",\n \"A Kiss of Shadows The story begins in Los Angeles, California, in a world where magical creatures are \\\"out of the closet\\\" and, in some cases, even legal. Princess Meredith NicEssus is working for the \\\"Grey Detective Agency\\\" under the assumed name of Meredith 'Merry' Gentry. When two women come to the agency with a story about fey-wannabes and rituals involving fey women, Merry goes undercover to investigate. However, she and her colleagues get more than they bargained for when it is discovered that the culprit is using \\\"Branwyn's Tears\\\", an illegal oil that can make a human appear as a sidhe (pronounced 'shee')\",\n \"Double O Seven, James Bond, A Report American Library, Fleming’s North American publishers, issued it in 1965. O.F. Snelling’s literary criticism of agent 007 is a five-part report. First, “His Predecessors”, observes the similarities among the upper-class “Clubland Tradition” novelists John Buchan, Sapper (H. C. McNeile), and Dornford Yates (Cecil William Mercer) and their influence upon the writer Ian Fleming. Second, “His Image” analyses the character, James Bond, secret agent 007 of the British Secret Service. Third, “His Women”, the longest section, examines and explores the women and Bond’s relationships with them, and how they — the man and the women — changed in the series’ course.\",\n \"Auric Goldfinger and film, Goldfinger is aided in his crimes by his manservant, Oddjob, a mute, monstrously strong Korean who ruthlessly eliminates any threat to his employer's affairs. Goldfinger is the owner of \\\"Enterprises Auric A.G.\\\" in Switzerland, maker of metal furniture, which is purchased by many airlines including Air India. Twice a year, Goldfinger drives his vintage Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost car from England to Enterprises Auric. Bond learns that Goldfinger makes dead drops of gold bars for SMERSH along the way, and that his car's bodywork is 18 carat (75%), solid white gold under the ploy that the added weight is\",\n \"Morris Cohen (spy) Kroger,\\\" i.e., Morris Cohen) which aired in the U.S. on CBS in 1987. The plot centered on the neighbors (and seeming friends) whose house was used as a base from which the security services could spy on the Cohens, and the way paranoia, suspicion and betrayal gradually destroyed their lives during that time. The Cohens’ cover as antiquarian book dealers Peter and Helen Kroger is mentioned in Helene Hanff’s \\\"The Duchess of Bloomsbury Street\\\" because they were friends of London book dealer Frank Doel, recipient of the letters and book orders that inspired the bestseller 84 Charing Cross Road. Morris\",\n \"Bureau of Diplomatic Security and reported directly to the secretary on special matters. A handful of agents worked out of two locations, Washington, D.C. and New York City, operating on confidential funds from the secretary's office. They conducted sensitive investigations, especially on the operations of foreign agents and their activities in the United States. The U.S. Diplomatic Security Service was known as the Bureau of Secret Intelligence at its inception (1916). The Department of State's Bureau of Secret Intelligence was also known as U-1, an off-the-books adjunct to the Division of Information. Before the United States entered World War I, German and Austrian spies\",\n \"be seen on a secretary's computer screen. Harry Enfield and Paul Whitehouse performed a sketch in 2012 about there being two George Smileys: a reference to the vastly different portrayals in the filmed versions of \\\"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy\\\". George Smiley George Smiley OBE is a fictional character created by John le Carré. Smiley is a career intelligence officer with \\\"The Circus\\\", the British overseas intelligence agency. He is a central character in the novels \\\"Call for the Dead\\\", \\\"A Murder of Quality\\\", \\\"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy\\\", \\\"The Honourable Schoolboy\\\", and \\\"Smiley's People\\\", and a supporting character in \\\"The Spy\",\n \"special agents and Intelligence Analysts. SSG ranks may also be weaponized at the discretion of the FBI director. Special Surveillance Group The Special Surveillance Group (SSG) is a highly classified unit of non – special agents within the Federal Bureau of Investigation specializing in clandestine vehicular and foot surveillance of foreign nationals and U.S. citizens known or suspected of engaging in espionage or terrorism, both in the U.S. as well as around the world. SSG members are titled \\\"Investigative Specialists\\\". Informally they have been called \\\"Ghosts\\\" due to their specialized training. These Investigative Specialists attend nine weeks of specialized training\",\n \"The Broker The Broker is a suspense novel written by American author John Grisham and published in the United States on January 11, 2005. The novel follows the story of Joel Backman, a newly pardoned prisoner who had tried to broker a deal to sell the world's most powerful satellite surveillance system to the highest bidder. Joel Backman is \\\"the Broker,\\\" a Washington power broker-lobbyist, considered by some to be one of the most powerful men in Washington. However, his life falls apart when a deal collapses involving a hacked spy satellite that nobody knows about, and Backman ends up\",\n \"A Talent for War and the historical narrative. Alex visits the local police inspector and learns that the burglars apparently wanted only the Tanner file. The inspector, a social friend of Alex's uncle, can shed little light on Gabe’s project other than to note that Alex's uncle seemed distracted for the three months before his death and that he had become a “nut” on the subject of Christopher Sim and the Resistance. Chase Kolpath visits Alex at his uncle's house. Before disappearing, Gabriel Benedict had hired Ms. Kolpath to investigate the last flight of the \\\"Tenandrome\\\", Hugh Scott's Planetary Survey ship, and then meet\",\n \"their security and are enjoying a ride on the Pirates of the Caribbean; he succeeds in foiling Rondheim (disguised as part of the display) with a prop-cutlass, breaks Rondheim's (whom he knows to be wanted mobster Carzo Butera) legs and arms and turns him over to FBI for trial and execution. Iceberg (Cussler novel) Iceberg is an adventure novel by Clive Cussler published in the United States by Dodd, Mead & Company in 1975. This is the 2nd published book to feature the author’s primary protagonist Dirk Pitt. Dirk Pitt is summoned from his vacation on the sunny beaches of\",\n \"Adam Dalgliesh two novels in the Cordelia Gray series, \\\"An Unsuitable Job for a Woman\\\" and \\\"The Skull Beneath the Skin\\\". Cordelia Gray is a private detective and runs a detective agency in Kingsly Street. Dalgliesh is asked to look into the death of Sir Ronald Callender in Cambridge and acquits Gray of any charges. Gray and Dalgliesh stayed in contact, as evidenced by the congratulations card Dalgliesh receives from Gray while convalescing after a successful operation at the beginning of \\\"The Black Tower\\\". Gossiping Conrad Ackroyd also remarks on Dalgliesh's being seen dining out with Cordelia in \\\"A Taste for Death\\\".\",\n \"Secret Intelligence Service In \\\"Skyfall\\\" the building is once again attacked by an explosion, this time by a cyber attack turning on a gas line and igniting the fumes, after which SIS operations are moved to a secret underground facility. In \\\"Spectre\\\", the evil head of crime organisation SPECTRE, Ernst Stavro Blofeld, traps Agent 007 James Bond alongside the film's Bond girl Dr. Madeleine Swann inside the remains of the building. Blofeld then detonated bombs planted in the building, demolishing what was left of the building fully, though Bond managed to save Dr. Swann and escape before the building exploded. On the evening\",\n \"Spies and Lies Spies and Lies is a 1992 Nancy Drew and the Hardy Boys Supermystery crossover novel. It was written by Tracey West under the usual pseudonym Carolyn Keene. Nancy Drew goes undercover as a rookie in the infamous Quantico, Virginia FBI Academy, serving Judy Noll, the daughter of a powerful political figure. Judy is immediately in danger when her roommate turns up dead, and also when she is revealed to be the target of a madman. Nancy lays herself a trap, with herself as the bait. The Hardys are also posing as trainees at the bureau, but undercover,\",\n \"Partners in Crime (short story collection) She flippantly discusses what exciting things she would wish to happen to her. Their conversation is interrupted by the arrival of Mr Carter (see \\\"The Secret Adversary\\\") who asks them to take over The International Detective Agency. The agency's manager, Theodore Blunt, is in prison. Carter's particular request is that they watch for letters on blue paper sent to Mr Blunt from a purported ham merchant anxious to trace his refugee wife. Each such letter will have a Russian stamp with a \\\"16\\\" written underneath. He asks for such letters to be sent to him immediately. Tommy's alias is Mr\",\n \"Impossible Missions Force reports. In \\\",\\\" the IMF is identified as an independent agency of the U.S. government, some of whose agents have a front as employees of the Virginia Department of Transportation. Hunt refers to the group as the \\\"Impossible Mission Force\\\", the same name featured in the fifth film's introduction. In \\\"\\\" the entire agency is officially disavowed after Hunt's team is framed for the destruction of the Kremlin as part of a plan to trigger nuclear war, but the President, in response, initiates the \\\"Ghost Protocol.\\\" With the entire IMF disavowed, Hunt and his team escape captivity, retreat to a\",\n \"Scotland Yard Investigator National Art Gallery in London. Sir James Collison, director of the National Gallery, works closely with his granddaughter Tony. While the National Gallery plans to safely return the painting, infamous art collector Carl Hoffmeyer plans to steal it. He has stolen many fine pieces before, but this would be the crown jewel of his collection. Hoffmeyer's plan includes his two henchmen, Henri and Jules, who pose as the people from the Louvre arriving to collect the painting. But when Hoffmeyer gets his hands on it he concludes it is a forgery. He is unsure whether the gallery director is in\",\n \"Cabrillo sits when on the bridge, which is colloquially referred to as \\\"The Kirk Chair\\\". (In alphabetical order) (In alphabetical order) Oregon Files The Oregon Files is a group of novels written by author Clive Cussler and co-author Craig Dirgo for the first two titles followed by co-author Jack Du Brul for the next seven titles. Starting with book 10 co-author Boyd Morrison takes over. The books follow the mysterious \\\"Corporation\\\" and its leader Juan Cabrillo. The \\\"Oregon Files\\\" come from the name of the ship on which the Corporation is based, the \\\"Oregon\\\". The ship's name is based on\",\n \"The Spies (TV series) The Spies is a British television series produced by the BBC in 1966. The main stars were Dinsdale Landen and Simon Oates as counter espionage agents Richard Cadell and Anthony Kelly, together with Peter Arne as Russian agent Copic. A spin-off or rebranding of the previous 1965 series \\\"The Mask of Janus\\\", \\\"The Spies\\\" was a more conventional espionage thriller series than its predecessor, being more explicitly concerned with the actual operations of British secret service agents stationed in the fictional European country Amalia. The series can be viewed as being a BBC attempt to match\",\n \"Deceit (Darvill-Evans novel) and heavily guarded by the Spinward Corporation. Earth's Office of External Operations is certain something illegal is going on; and when an expedition fails to return, their suspicions are reinforced. Agent Isabelle Defries is dispatched to the system with a shipload of auxiliary troops—troops long ago drafted in from the security forces of various corporations—to find out what is going on, and to put a stop to it. One of her Auxies is not who she claims to be, and Defries soon meets her: a young woman, an explosives expert, calling herself Ace. Unwilling to waste resources, she leaves Ace\",\n \"Death Merchant character uses at least one alias in every book. Examples: James Valdorian, Chester Giffwangle, Leonard Higgdon, Emil Milrich, Milton Sessions, Ludwig Huelsenbeck, Thomas Wang-Ji. On two occasions, when asked if Camellion is his real name, he replies that it does not matter. \\\"#63 The Soul Search Project\\\" reveals that Richard Joseph Camellion is not the name on his birth certificate. In the first book he is hired by the mafia to kill an informant. In later books he never works for organized crime again but accepts missions from ONI (Office of Naval Intelligence), NSA, CIA and MAD (West German counter-intelligence)\",\n \"TwinKomplex they are qualified to work undercover for a mysterious secret agency. The Decentral Intelligence Agency, or DIA, is based out of Berlin and runs operations around the globe. Agents of the DIA work cooperatively with an invisible network of other agents and structures to address themes and facets affecting contemporary society. The game unfolds in a series of 12-episode-long seasons, in a release format similar to that of a television program. Over the course of an episode, which represents a week of game play, the player solves a case together with three other agents (online co-players). The cases include murders,\",\n \"Organizations of Alias of directors, one of them being Arvin Sloane. Some members are from the private sector, but most are former intelligence officers. All of them are wealthy. The organization is divided into 12 sections, named SD-1 through SD-12. \\\"SD\\\" stands for \\\"Section Disparu\\\" – literally, \\\"the section which has disappeared\\\" in French (Sydney translates it as \\\"the section that doesn't exist\\\" in the episode \\\"Q&A\\\"), this was coined by founder Alain Christophe. These organizational cells are spread over 12 major cities of the world. The Alliance takes in recruits and tricks them to believe they are working for the CIA when\",\n \"Antarctica (\\\"Agent Orange\\\"). Deveraux College – the \\\"Deveraux Academy\\\" in the US books – was built by Mr. Jonathan Deveraux before his death. Situated north of Boston, USA, it is a large Gothic mansion-like building covered with ivy, surrounded by a lake, a golf course, and fields for sports complexes. There is a continuous hologramatic game of football being played to maintain the cover. The first floor of the college, home to ex-secret agent receptionist Violet Crabtree, is also filled with holograms of students. An elevator decorated to look like a study, descends to the heart of Spy High –\",\n \"U.N.C.L.E.'s New York headquarters. However, in the season one episode \\\"The Brain Killer Affair\\\", under T.H.R.U.S.H. mind control, Mr Waverly states that the home address of one of the other four chiefs was in France. This is the section that contains the field agents like Napoleon Solo and Illya Kuryakin. Solo is assigned to Section Two, Number One and is U.N.C.L.E.'s Chief Enforcement Agent. Illya Kuryakin is appointed Section Two Number Two and operates out of the New York office. Waverly sometimes worries that Solo \\\"will not be with us very long\\\", which will benefit no one except Illya, who\",\n \"Central Intelligence Agency was approved, appropriating $13.7 billion over five years, 5% of those funds or $685 million were made available to the CIA. Robert Baer, a CNN analyst and former CIA operative, stated that normally a CIA employee undergoes a polygraph examination every three to four years. The CIA acts as the primary US HUMINT and general analytic agency, under the Director of National Intelligence, who directs or coordinates the 16 member organizations of the United States Intelligence Community. In addition, it obtains information from other U.S. government intelligence agencies, commercial information sources, and foreign intelligence services. CIA employees form part of\",\n \"Bureau of Secret Intelligence The Bureau of Secret Intelligence (Office of the Chief Special Agent) was founded in 1916. The U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Secret Intelligence, later known as the Office of Security (SY) and now as the U.S. Diplomatic Security Service, was also known as U-1, an off-the-books adjunct to the Division of Information. The origins of the U.S. State Department's Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) goes back to 1916 with a handful of agents assigned special duties directly by the Secretary of State (SECSTATE), Robert Lansing. Lansing, who used MID and Department of the Treasury Secret Service\",\n \"among members of the Secret Intelligence Service, also known as the SIS or MI6. The protagonist is a man known as Tweed, and the book follows his efforts to investigate the clumsily disguised murder of colleague Ian Fergusson, dubbed an \\\"accident\\\" by authorities, whilst in Hamburg, Germany, and the reasons for his killing. Circumstances lead him to believe that the only way the enemy (the Soviet Union) could have intercepted Ferguson on his mission would have been to have a double agent stationed within the SIS. As he attempts to discover the identity of \\\"The Janus Man who faces both\",\n \"Alex Cross Alex Cross is a fictional character created by author James Patterson. He is the protagonist of the series of books about a former FBI agent and psychologist who works in Washington, D.C. Alex Cross is an African American detective and psychologist based out of the Southeast quadrant of Washington, D.C. He started in the homicide division of the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Police Department (MPDC), but eventually becomes a Senior Agent with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Cross returns to private psychology practice, but continues to work with the police as needed, ultimately rejoining the MPDC as a\",\n \"Thomas Elphinstone Hambledon Thomas Elphinstone Hambledon (Tommy Hambledon) is the fictional protagonist of many spy novels written by the British author \\\"Manning Coles\\\" (actually the two-person writing team of Adelaide Frances Oke Manning and Cyril Henry Coles) from 1940 through 1963. He works for a department of the Foreign Office, usually referred to in the novels as \\\"MI5\\\" (counter-intelligence), although in the earliest books he is clearly working for the active overseas department MI6, the British equivalent of the OSS/CIA. Tommy was a teacher in a British boarding school in his first appearance in \\\"Drink to Yesterday\\\" and, during school\",\n \"on the term \\\"the Company\\\", a nickname for the CIA). As the series begins, Moffet and his crew steal Airwolf during a live-fire weapons test. During the theft, Moffet opens fire on the Firm's bunker, killing a United States Senator and seriously injuring Firm deputy director Michael Coldsmith-Briggs III (codename \\\"Archangel\\\"). Moffet takes the gunship to Libya, where he begins performing acts of aggression—such as sinking an American destroyer—as a service for Muammar Gaddafi, who allows Moffet to keep Airwolf on Libyan soil. Archangel recruits the reclusive Stringfellow Hawke, the chief test pilot during the development of Airwolf, to recover\",\n \"Trust Metric stops Dwayne, and the pair escape onto a subway train. Some time later, Colby makes two calls. One goes to voicemail, and the other is to Charlie and Don. Colby tells Don that Colby, since his training at the FBI Academy, has been a triple agent working with Michael Kirkland in the FBI's Counterintelligence Division to find a mole within the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). The team confirms Kirkland's existence and FBI work, as well as his visit with Colby, but finds Kirkland dead in a hotel room, leaving no way to confirm the rest of Colby's story.\",\n \"\\\"THE Perfect Spy\\\". A Perfect Spy A Perfect Spy (1986) by British author John le Carré is a novel about the mental and moral dissolution of a high level secret agent. \\\"A Perfect Spy\\\" is the life story of Magnus Pym, a British intelligence officer and double agent. After attending his father's funeral, Pym mysteriously disappears. As his fellow intelligence officers frantically search for him it becomes clear that, throughout most of his career, Magnus worked as a spy for the Czechoslovak secret service. Although intrigue, wit, and suspense make up much of the novel, the story of Magnus Pym\",\n \"Pinkerton (detective agency) Pinkerton, founded as the Pinkerton National Detective Agency, is a private security guard and detective agency established in the United States by Scotsman Allan Pinkerton in 1850 and currently a subsidiary of Securitas AB. Pinkerton became famous when he claimed to have foiled a plot to assassinate president-elect Abraham Lincoln, who later hired Pinkerton agents for his personal security during the Civil War. Pinkerton's agents performed services ranging from security guarding to private military contracting work. Pinkerton was the largest private law enforcement organization in the world at the height of its power. During the labor strikes\",\n \"Thunderball (novel) by the crime syndicate SPECTRE and the subsequent attempted blackmail of the Western powers for their return. James Bond, Secret Service operative 007, travels to the Bahamas to work with his friend Felix Leiter, seconded back into the CIA for the investigation. \\\"Thunderball\\\" also introduces SPECTRE's leader Ernst Stavro Blofeld, in the first of three appearances in Bond novels, with \\\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\\\" and \\\"You Only Live Twice\\\" being the others. \\\"Thunderball\\\" has been adapted four times, once in a comic strip format for the \\\"Daily Express\\\" newspaper, twice for the cinema and once for the radio. The\",\n \"Be an Interplanetary Spy to the books themselves. Because of this, it is almost impossible to find a copy today in mint condition. The writers frequently used the books' own ISBN numbers, which they called \\\"Interplanetary Spy Binary Numbers\\\" as codes or clues within the stories. The underlying concept of the series is that the reader is a member of an agency known as Spy Center, an organisation that maintains order throughout the galaxy and falls partway between a police service and an intelligence agency. This agency has its headquarters in Sector 666, known as 'The Sector of Illusions'. The reader's character is usually\",\n \"names with the intention that should his agent Jim Prideaux uncover information about the identity of the mole, Prideaux can relay it back to the Circus using a simple, easy-to-recall codename. The names are derived from the English children's rhyme \\\"Tinker, Tailor\\\":<poem>Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor, rich man, poor man, beggarman, thief.</poem> Alleline was \\\"Tinker\\\", Haydon was \\\"Tailor\\\", Bland was \\\"Soldier\\\", Toby Esterhase was \\\"Poor Man\\\", and George Smiley was \\\"Beggarman\\\" (\\\"sailor\\\" was not used due to its similar sound to \\\"tailor\\\".) \\\"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy\\\" employs spy jargon which is presented as the authentic insider-speak of British Intelligence. Le Carré\",\n \"Read or Die , an external intelligence agency working within the actual British Library and its Special Operations Division (the British Secret Intelligence Service, more widely known as MI6) is also often mentioned, despite Kurata's editors (erroneously) telling him it no longer existed. The series follows Yomiko Readman, also known as \\\"The Paper\\\", a superhuman agent of the Library's Special Operations (possessing a \\\"double 0\\\" certification that denotes a \\\"license to kill\\\", as in the James Bond series, although she rarely invokes it). In both the novels and manga, her adventures alternate between doing missions for the British Library and helping young novelist\",\n \"The Spy (Cussler novel) The Spy is an Isaac Bell adventure tale, the third in that series. The hardcover edition was released June 1, 2010. Other editions were released on different dates. This novel is set in 1908, as international tensions are rising and moving the world toward war. A notable American battleship gun designer dies in what is thought a sensational suicide, but his daughter has no doubt he was murdered. She turns to the legendary Van Dorn Detective Agency to investigate and clear her father's name. Owner Joseph Van Dorn assigns his chief investigator, Isaac Bell, to the\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":1012,"string":"1,012"}}},{"rowIdx":82,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who commanded the us army forces in the philippines during the malaise siege"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays defense system. Due to the Washington Naval Treaty's prohibition on new fortifications, most of the complex was built without appropriated funds, using Filipino convict labor for unskilled tasks, and explosives slated for disposal. During the siege, the Malinta Tunnel proved important to the survival of the Philippine government, the military high command, the medical staff, and numerous civilians. On 26 July 1941 Lieutenant General Douglas MacArthur was recalled to active duty and made the commander of U.S. Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE), which included the Philippine Scouts and the Philippine Commonwealth Army. MacArthur had been an official US"],"string":"[\n \"Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays defense system. Due to the Washington Naval Treaty's prohibition on new fortifications, most of the complex was built without appropriated funds, using Filipino convict labor for unskilled tasks, and explosives slated for disposal. During the siege, the Malinta Tunnel proved important to the survival of the Philippine government, the military high command, the medical staff, and numerous civilians. On 26 July 1941 Lieutenant General Douglas MacArthur was recalled to active duty and made the commander of U.S. Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE), which included the Philippine Scouts and the Philippine Commonwealth Army. MacArthur had been an official US\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["Battle of Midway The Battle of Midway was a decisive naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II which occurred between 4 and 7 June 1942, only six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after the Battle of the Coral Sea. The United States Navy under Admirals Chester Nimitz, Frank Jack Fletcher, and Raymond A. Spruance defeated an attacking fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy under Admirals Isoroku Yamamoto, Chūichi Nagumo, and Nobutake Kondō near Midway Atoll, inflicting devastating damage on the Japanese fleet that proved irreparable. Military historian John Keegan called it \"the","Leapfrogging (strategy) Navy. Leapfrogging would allow the United States forces to reach Japan quickly and not expend the time, manpower, and supplies to capture every Japanese-held island on the way. It would give the Allies the advantage of surprise and keep the Japanese off balance. The overall leapfrogging strategy would involve two prongs. A force led by Admiral Chester Nimitz, with a smaller land force and larger fleet, would advance north towards the island and capture the Gilbert and Marshall Islands and the Marianas, going generally in the direction of the Bonin Islands. The southern prong, led by General MacArthur and with","Donald Rudolph Donald Eugene Rudolph Sr. (February 21, 1921 – May 25, 2006) was an American soldier who received his country's highest military honor, the Medal of Honor, in World War II. He was awarded the medal while serving as a technical sergeant and acting as leader of his platoon on Luzon island in the northern Philippines; his actions took place on February 5, 1945. While giving first aid on the battlefield he noticed that his unit was pinned down by gun fire from a ditch. Crawling to the ditch, using his rifle and grenades to protect himself, he then","Siege of Fort Erie from York to replace him but fell ill with ague, and Colonel Hercules Scott of the 103rd Foot requested permission to relinquish his command of a brigade and revert to command of his regiment. While the British constructed their siege lines and batteries, three American schooners anchored in the Niagara River harassed them with gunfire. At the time, three small craft from the British naval squadron on Lake Ontario were blockaded in the mouth of the Niagara River by three larger American vessels. Commander Alexander Dobbs, in command of the British vessels, and his sailors and Royal Marines dragged a","USS Chicago (CA-29) escorting destroyers rescued 1,049 survivors from \"Chicago\", but 62 of her crew died. A final attack force of Japanese torpedo bombers failed to find the remaining U.S. ships. The Japanese widely publicized the results of the engagement, claiming to have sunk two battleships and three cruisers, while only \"Chicago\" and a destroyer, , were lost. The U.S. did not initially report the loss of \"Chicago\" to the public for some time, with Admiral Chester Nimitz—commander in chief of Allied Pacific forces—threatening to \"shoot\" any of his staff who leaked the loss to the press. Details of the battle emerged in","the 18,000 men of the 16th Infantry Division in the Battle of Leyte. Troops of the 14th Area Army were responsible for the Palawan Massacre of December 14, 1944. Japanese Fourteenth Area Army The was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. On July 28, 1944 it was reinforced and upgraded to a field army called the , to counter the imminent Allied invasion of the Philippines by combined American and Filipino troops. The Japanese 14th Army was formed on November 6, 1941, under the Southern Expeditionary Army Group for the specific task of invading and","of Marawi\" was proposed by Parliamentary Bill No. 261 in the defunct Batasang Pambansa, the former parliament of the Philippines during the Marcos regime, reportedly to attract funds from the Middle East. On May 23, 2017, a pro–Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant group called the Maute group attacked the city. The battle of Marawi—also known as the Marawi siege, the Marawi clash, and the Marawi crisis—started on May 23. CNN Philippines reported that the militants had over 500 men. Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte declared martial law on the island of Mindanao, where the fighting was taking place. The","Battle of Olongapo yard. A short battle ensued in the main part of Olongapo, during which one American was wounded. The Americans then raced to the single battery at Kalaklan Point, and destroyed it completely with three charges of guncotton. As soon as they achieved their mission, the Americans withdrew to their ships. Olongapo remained under the Filipinos, but the battery – badly damaged in the explosion – no longer posed a threat to American intentions in the area. With the single Filipino battery gone, trade vessels as well as American patrols were able to freely use the trade route past Olongapo. Emilio","Douglas MacArthur divorce, ostensibly on the grounds of \"failure to provide\". In view of Louise's great wealth, William Manchester described this legal fiction as \"preposterous\". By 1930, MacArthur was still, at age 50, the youngest of the U.S. Army's major generals, and the best known. He left the Philippines on 19 September 1930 and for a brief time was in command of the IX Corps Area in San Francisco. On 21 November, he was sworn in as Chief of Staff of the United States Army, with the rank of general. While in Washington, he would ride home each day to have lunch","forces began on 10 June 1945 when the Australian Army under the command of Australian Major General George Wootten launched an attack under the codename of Operation Oboe Six. Labuan became the main objective for the Allied forces to repossess. Soon, the 9th Division of the Australian Army launched the attack with support from airstrikes and sea bombardments until the capture of the Labuan airstrip. Most of the Labuan island area including the main town of Victoria was under the control of Allied forces within four days of the landing on 10 June. On 9 September 1945, the Japanese Lieutenant","31st Infantry Regiment (United States) when the crisis passed, the unit returned to the Philippines. For their service in Shanghai, they received the Yangtze Service Medal (Marines). On 8 December 1941, Japanese planes attacked U.S. military installations in the Philippines. A 31st Infantry sergeant on detail at Camp John Hay became the campaign's first fatality. After landing in northern and southern Luzon, the Japanese pushed rapidly toward Manila, routing hastily formed Philippine Army units that had little training and few heavy weapons. The 31st Infantry covered the withdrawal of American and Philippine forces to the Bataan Peninsula. Unfortunately, the peninsula had not been provisioned with","Operation Rolling Thunder Southeast Asia. The Air Force's 2nd Air Division (replaced by the Seventh Air Force on 1 April 1966) was ostensibly responsible for aerial operations over North and South Vietnam. It was subordinate, however, to MACV and its commander, U.S. Army General William C. Westmoreland, who tended to see his problems centered in the south. The U.S. Seventh/Thirteenth Air Force, based in Thailand (which carried out the majority of the Air Force's strikes in North Vietnam), had a dual command structure. It reported to the Seventh on operational matters and to the Thirteenth Air Force (whose headquarters was in the Philippines)","Siege of Mafeking The Siege of Mafeking was a 217-day siege battle for the town of Mafeking (now called Mahikeng) in South Africa during the Second Boer War from October 1899 to May 1900. The siege received considerable attention as Lord Edward Cecil, the son of the British prime minister, was in the besieged town. The siege turned the British commander, Colonel Robert Baden-Powell, into a national hero. The Relief of Mafeking (the lifting of the siege), while of little military significance, was a morale boost for the struggling British. Shortly before the outbreak of the Second Boer War in","by the United States, which retained control until the Japanese imperial occupation in World War II. On January 1, 1899, the Federal Republic of Negros was proclaimed as a State or Canton with two Provinces. Notice of its establishment was sent to General Aguinaldo. On March 4, the island of Negros was surrendered to U.S. forces. The leaders of the short-lived republic were: In Bago City, the event was chronicled in a historic marker found in the Public Plaza, which bears the following inscriptions: November 5 has been observed as a special non-working holiday in Negros Occidental through Republic Act","USS San Francisco (CA-38) Control was reestablished in the conning tower, which soon received a hit from the starboard side. Steering and engine control were temporarily lost, then regained. All communications were now dead. Soon thereafter, the enemy ceased firing. \"San Francisco\" followed suit and withdrew eastward along the north coast of Guadalcanal. 77 sailors, including Rear Admiral Daniel J. Callaghan and Captain Cassin Young, had been killed. 105 had been wounded. Of seven missing, three were subsequently rescued. The ship had taken 45 hits. Structural damage was extensive, but not fatal. No hits had been received below the waterline. Twenty-two fires had been","Armies in the American Civil War forces. As for staffs, on the Union side Grant maintained a surprisingly small staff for a commander in chief. His personal chief of staff was Major General John A. Rawlins, a capable officer who generally produced concise and well‑crafted orders. In addition, he was Grant's alter ego, a trusted friend who took it upon himself to keep Grant sober. In fact, recent scholarship indicates that Grant's drinking was far less of a problem than formerly indicated, and there were certainly no drinking difficulties during the Overland Campaign. The rest of Grant's small staff consisted of a coterie of friends who","Combined Chiefs of Staff of 1942, Britain and the United States agreed on a worldwide division of strategic responsibility. On 24 March 1942, the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff were designated as primarily responsible for the war in the Pacific, and the British Chiefs for the Middle East-Indian Ocean region, while the European-Mediterranean-Atlantic area would be a combined responsibility of both staffs. China was designated a separate theater commanded by its chief of state, Chiang Kai-shek, though within the United States' sphere of responsibility. Six days later the Joint Chiefs of Staff divided the Pacific theater into three areas: the Pacific Ocean Areas (POA),","Battles of Batangas The Battles of Batangas (, ) was fought on October 23, 1896 in the towns of Lemery, Bayungyungan, Calaca, and Taal in Batangas province, Philippines. The Katipunan army of Batangas, under General Miguel Malvar, was formed by the elite class in the province. They attempted to destroy Spanish installations in the towns, but failed after the Spanish garrison at Taal, having breaking off the siege earlier in the battle, came in the aid of the besieged towns. The rebels then abandoned their attack and retreated back to the hills, but they managed to save its northern neighbor,","Army and take control of the rural areas, jungles and mountains – thus, the Japanese Empire only controlled 12 out of 48 provinces. While remaining loyal to the United States, many Filipinos hoped and believed that liberation from the Japanese would bring them freedom and their already-promised independence. Eventually, the largest naval battle in history, according to gross tonnage sunk, the Battle of Leyte Gulf, occurred when Allied forces started the liberation of the Philippines from the Japanese Empire. Allied troops defeated the Japanese in 1945. By the end of the war it is estimated that over a million Filipinos","after him. The City of Derby, Connecticut, where Wheeler grew up as a young lad, named him as one of the first members of its Hall of Fame in 2007. Joseph Wheeler Joseph \"Fighting Joe\" Wheeler (September 10, 1836 – January 25, 1906) was an American military commander and politician. He is known for having served both as a cavalry general in the Confederate States Army in the 1860s during the American Civil War, and then as a general in the United States Army during both the Spanish–American War and Philippine–American War near the turn of the twentieth century. For","Captaincy General of the Philippines the Royal Audience of Manila. However, in 1821, following the independence of Mexico, all control was transferred to Madrid. It was succeeded the short-lived First Philippine Republic following its Independence through the Philippine Revolution. After a long tolling voyage across the Pacific Ocean, Ferdinand Magellan reached the island of Guam on March 6, 1521 and anchored the three ships that were left of his fleet in Umatac Bay, before proceeding to the Philippines, where he met his death during the Battle of Mactan. Antonio Pigafetta, the expedition's chronicler and one of only 18 original crew members to survive Ferdinand Magellan's","Battle of Makahambus Hill The Battle of Makahambus Hill was one of the victories won by the Filipinos over the Americans during the Philippine-American War. It was fought on June 4, 1900 in Cagayan de Misamis (now Cagayan de Oro City). The Filipinos were under the command of Colonel Apolinar Velez of the Maguindanao Battalion. Most of them were volunteers apart from some Filipino army men who joined. Col. Pablo Tecson's Bulacan guerrillas, which included his brothers Alipio and Simon, had constructed a number of fortresses in the mountains. On 25 May, they ambushed Capt. Charles D. Roberts' 6 man","Battle of Oriskany column approached, led by General Benedict Arnold. While still at Fort Dayton, Arnold sent messengers into the British camp who convinced the British and Indian besiegers that his force was much larger than it actually was. Loyalist John Butler was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel for his role in the battle, and he was authorized to raise a regiment that became known as Butler's Rangers. After the siege was lifted, some Loyalists returned to Quebec while others joined Burgoyne's campaign on the Hudson, including numerous warriors from various tribes. Brant and Seneca chief Sayenqueraghta proposed the next day to continue the","Guadalcanal Campaign George C. Marshall, gave the operation his full support, even if MacArthur's command could not lend support and the navy had to take full responsibility. As a result, and in order to preserve the unity of command, the boundary between MacArthur's Southwest Pacific area and Nimitz's Pacific Ocean area was shifted to to the west effective 1 August 1942. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff established the following objectives for 1942–1943: that Guadalcanal would be taken, in conjunction with an Allied offensive in New Guinea under Douglas MacArthur, to capture the Admiralty Islands and the Bismarck Archipelago, including","Alamo Mission in San Antonio January 26 the Texian soldiers passed a resolution in favor of holding the Alamo. On February 11, Neill went on furlough to pursue additional reinforcements and supplies for the garrison. William Travis and James Bowie agreed to share command of the Alamo. On February 23 the Mexican army, under the command of General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, arrived in San Antonio de Bexar. For the next thirteen days, the Mexican Army laid siege to the Alamo, during which work continued on the interior of the Alamo. After Mexican soldiers tried to block the irrigation ditch leading into the fort,","Henry C. Mustin (1933–2016) remained at sea for 80 days, steaming in circles with the nuclear carrier USS \"Enterprise\" (CVN-65) and other ships. Early in the quarantine operation, the navy had begun to make plans to invade Cuba, but as Mustin discovered later, Commandant of the Marine Corps GEN David M. Shoup determined that, despite the eight carriers involved in the operation, the navy did not have enough firepower to support an amphibious assault. The Iowa-class battleships that had provided shore bombardment during the Korean War had all been decommissioned and mothballed in the late 1950s and consequently the force had no guns larger","Rapp Brush Major General Isaac Rapp Brush (November 7, 1889 – March 6, 1958) was a United States Army officer who commanded the 40th Infantry Division from 1942 to 1945 during its World War II involvement in the United States armed forces' reconquest of the Philippines. The 40th Infantry Division or \"Sun Burst\" Division was prior to its World War II activation on March 3, 1941 divisions of the California, Nevada and Utah Army National Guard. During its World War II service, the 40th Infantry Division or its members were awarded 3 Distinguished Unit Citations, 1 Medal of Honor, 12","Bay of Pigs Invasion Cuba, develop paramilitary forces outside of Cuba, and get the necessary logistical support for covert military operations on the island. At this stage it was still not clear that an invasion would take place. On 18 August 1960, Eisenhower approved a budget of $13,000,000 for the operation. By 31 October 1960, most guerrilla infiltrations and supply drops directed by the CIA into Cuba had failed, and developments of further guerrilla strategies were replaced by plans to mount an initial amphibious assault, with a minimum of 1,500 men. On 18 November 1960, Allen Dulles and Richard Bissell first briefed President-elect John","Operation Moolah Korea's military and the support it received from the Soviet Union and China. He also provided valuable insight to American test pilots prior to their evaluation of the MiG at Kadena Air Base. The test pilots were Major Chuck Yeager and Captain Harold \"Tom\" Collins, led by Major General Albert Boyd, the commander of the Wright Air Development Center. Major Yeager later stated, \"Flying the MiG-15 is the most demanding situation I have ever faced. It's a quirky airplane that has killed a lot of its pilots.\" Testing of the MiG-15 lasted 11 days. It revealed that the aircraft was","Battle of Carrizal fire upon any American soldier moving any direction but north. The Americans were issued a warning by the Mexican army. Boyd ordered the men to attack anyway. In the resulting battle, the American attack was repelled. By legend Villa supposedly watched with delight as his two enemies fought it out with each other. However, this story is of doubtful veracity as Villa was badly injured at the time and being pursued by both the American Army and the federal Carrancistas. The cavalry lost two officers (Charles T. Boyd and Henry R. Adair) and 48 men killed and 24 taken prisoner.","in Connecticut) and William Harmar (1803-1878). Note - General Harmar was the senior officer and commander of the United States Army from August 12, 1784 to March 4, 1791. Further reading Josiah Harmar Josiah Harmar (November 10, 1753 – August 20, 1813) was an officer in the United States Army during the American Revolutionary War and the Northwest Indian War. He was the senior officer in the Army for six years and seven months (August 1784 to March 1791). Josiah Harmar was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and educated at a Quaker school. He started his military career during the American","Siege of Fort Wayne The Siege of Fort Wayne was a battle that took place Sept. 5 - 12, 1812 during the War of 1812, between the United States military garrison at Fort Wayne and Potawatomi and Miami Indians, within what is now the modern city of Fort Wayne, Indiana. The Indians suffered a severe loss and withdrew on Sept. 12. A vast force under Gen. William Henry Harrison arrived later that day to relieve the fort, ending the siege. The victory was one of two (the other being the battle of Fort Harrison which ended on the same day)","Robert Anderson (Civil War) Robert Anderson (June 14, 1805 – October 26, 1871) was a United States Army officer during the American Civil War. He was the Union commander in the first battle of the American Civil War at Fort Sumter in April 1861; the Confederates bombarded the fort and forced its surrender to start the war. Anderson was celebrated as a hero in the North and promoted to brigadier general and given command of Union forces in Kentucky. He was removed late in 1861 and reassigned to Rhode Island, before retiring from military service in 1863. Anderson was born","Pacific Coast campaign (Mexican–American War) the west-coast Mexican seaports. The U.S. Navy attempted blockades of the ports three times before being able to successfully blockade and/or occupy them. Following an easy initial occupation and the capitulation of La Paz by Governor Col. Francisco Palacios Miranda, loyalist residents met, declared Miranda a traitor, and rose in revolt. Under a new governor, Mauricio Castro Cota, and then under the leadership of Manuel Pineda Munoz (who defended Mulege from American landings), the loyalists attempted to expel the Americans from La Paz and San José del Cabo. Pineda was eventually captured and the Mexican army under Cota finally defeated","Grant's Canal armed parties. In spite of the heat, the canal was excavated to a depth of and a width of . However, the Mississippi River dropped faster than the Union could dig. By July 24, work on the canal stopped and Williams' weary soldiers accompanied the West Gulf Blockading Squadron as Farragut withdrew southward to safer water. In January 1863, work on the canal was resumed by troops under the command of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. Although placing little confidence in the success of the project, Grant approved of the idea as it would keep his soldiers in good physical","Fort Mills Philippine government and MacArthur's headquarters evacuated to the Malinta Tunnel. Amid the evacuations, a re-inauguration ceremony for Philippine President Manuel Quezon's second term was held just outside the tunnel on 30 December. The Japanese entered Manila on 2 January 1942. Five days later the U.S. and Philippine forces completed a fighting withdrawal to the Bataan peninsula, northwest of Corregidor, and prepared to defend it. In the northern Philippines, this left only Bataan, Corregidor, and Forts Hughes, Frank, and Drum in Allied hands. This situation had been anticipated in the prewar War Plan Orange-3, under which the forces in the Philippines","Dewey Medal The Dewey Medal was a military decoration of the United States Navy which was established by the United States Congress on June 3, 1898. The medal recognizes the leadership of Admiral of the Navy George Dewey, during the Spanish–American War, and the Sailors and Marines under his command. The Dewey Medal was created to recognize the forces of the U.S. Navy and United States Marine Corps who participated in the Battle of Manila Bay. To be awarded the Dewey Medal, a service member must have served on one of the following naval vessels on May 1, 1898: The","(XIV Corps) in the west, and San Fabian (I Corps) in to the east. Despite the Americans' success in driving out the Japanese army encamped at the Gulf, the Americans suffered relatively heavy losses, particularly on their convoys due to Japanese \"kamikaze\" suicide attacks. From 4 through 12 January, a total of 24 ships were sunk and 67 damaged by \"kamikaze\" planes, including the battleships and (accidentally hit by friendly fire), the heavy cruiser USS Louisville (CA-28), the light cruiser , and the minesweepers and . Following the amphibious landings, the Lingayen Gulf was turned into a vast supply depot","General Philip Sheridan and Spanish–American War. A processions of troops led by Brigadier General J. Franklin Bell paraded past the crowd and dignitaries while the United States Marine Band played music. Secretary of War Luke E. Wright presided over the dedication ceremony and Denis J. O'Connell, rector of The Catholic University of America, delivered the invocation. Roosevelt, Brigadier General Horace Porter, and Wright gave eulogies of Sheridan. Roosevelt gave a short speech praising Sheridan's valiant acts while Porter's speech was an in depth review of Sheridan's life, including his days at West Point and his campaigns during the Civil War and American Indian","Siege of Port Arthur fortifications at Port Arthur in other locations, cumulating in a six-day general assault at the end of October, which cost the Japanese a further 124 officers and 3611 men. News of this defeat inflamed Japanese popular opinion against Nogi. General Yamagata urged his court-martial, but Nogi was saved from this only through the unprecedented personal intervention of Emperor Meiji. However, Field Marshal Oyama Iwao found the continuing unavailability of the 3rd Army's manpower to be intolerable, and sent General Kodama Gentarō to compel Nogi to take drastic action, or else relieve him of command. Kodama returned to visit Nogi again","Siege of Bastogne the conglomeration of airborne and armored infantry forces were recognized by both sides as being surrounded. The American soldiers were outnumbered approximately 5-1 and were lacking in cold-weather gear, ammunition, food, medical supplies, and senior leadership (as many senior officers, including the 101st's commander—Major General Maxwell Taylor—were elsewhere). Due to the worst winter weather in memory, the surrounded U.S. forces could not be resupplied by air nor was tactical air support available due to cloudy weather. However, the two Panzer divisions of the XLVII Panzer Corps—after using their mobility to isolate Bastogne, continued their mission towards the Meuse on 22","Manuel Roxas and Stripes and raising of the National Flag, a 21-gun salute, and the pealing of church bells. Roxas then swore the Oath of Office as the first President of the new Republic. The inaugural ceremonies took place at Luneta Park in the City of Manila. On the Grandstand alone were around 3,000 dignitaries and guests, consisting of President Roxas, Vice-President Quirino, their respective parties and the Cabinet; the last High Commissioner to the Philippines and first Ambassador to the Philippines Paul McNutt; General Douglas MacArthur (coming from Tokyo); United States Postmaster General Robert E. Hannegan; a delegation from the United","Timeline of United States military operations insurrection of Gen. Juan P. Reyes. 1899–1913: Philippine Islands: Philippine–American War, US forces protected American interests following the war with Spain, defeating Filipino revolutionaries seeking immediate national independence. The U.S. government declared the insurgency officially over in 1902, when the Filipino leadership generally accepted American rule. Skirmishes between government troops and armed groups lasted until 1913, and some historians consider these unofficial extensions of the war. 1900: China: From May 24 to September 28, Boxer Rebellion. American troops participated in operations to protect foreign lives during the Boxer uprising, particularly at Peking. For many years after this experience a permanent","Runaway Scrape Burleson was named as commander. On December 5, James C. Neill began distracting Cos by firing artillery directly at the Alamo, while Benjamin Milam and Frank W. Johnson led several hundred volunteers in a surprise attack. The fighting at the Siege of Béxar continued until December 9 when Cos sent word he wanted to surrender. Cos and his men were sent back to Mexico, but would later unite with Santa Anna's forces. Approximately 300 of the Texian garrison at Béxar departed on December 30 to join Frank W. Johnson and James Grant on the Matamoros Expedition, in a planned attack","Simeón Ola to his place of birth and became the municipal president. The regional police command in Legazpi City was named after him. Simeon Ola died on February 14, 1952 and was interred at the Roman Catholic Cemetery of Guinobatan. Simeón Ola Simeón Ola y Arboleda (September 2, 1865 – February 14, 1952) is a hero of the Philippine Revolution and was the last general of the Philippines to surrender to the American forces after the Philippine-American War. Simeón Ola was born on September 2, 1865 to Vicente Ola and Apolonia Arboleda. He was enrolled in Mater Salutis College Seminary and studied","Fort Anderson (Kentucky) etc.) into West Tennessee and Kentucky. He arrived in Paducah on March 25, and quickly occupied the town. The cavalry began destroying unwanted supplies, and took what they wanted, mainly horses and mules. Fort Anderson was commanded by Union officers Col. Stephen G. Hicks and Lt. Cdr. James W. Shirk. They had support of two gunboats on the Ohio River, and refused to surrender. A message was sent by Confederate Major-General Nathan Bedford Forrest to Hicks asking for unconditional surrender. The letter reads as follows: Colonel: Having a force amply sufficient to carry your works and reduce the place, and","Battle of Imphal airfields supplying the Nationalist Chinese under Chiang Kai-shek via an airlift over \"The Hump\" (the Himalaya Mountains). Although the staffs at Burma Area Army and at Southern Expeditionary Army Group (the supreme command for the Japanese forces in southeast Asia and the southern Pacific) had reservations over the scale of Mutaguchi's proposed operation, they were eventually won over by his persistent advocacy. Finally, Prime Minister Hideki Tojo and Imperial General Headquarters gave their approval to the plan. Mutaguchi intended to isolate and destroy the Allied units in their forward positions and then capture Imphal. His plan was named U-Go, or","Paris-trained Filipino architect Andrés Luna de San Pedro, son of painter Juan Luna, to take charge of the renovations of the Manila Hotel. It was done under the supervision of the renowned engineering firm Pedro Siochi and Company. The hotel was the residence of General Douglas MacArthur when he became the Military Advisor of the Commonwealth. Luna converted the hotel's top floor into an elegant penthouse and expanded the west wing northward – creating the air-conditioned annex - and designed some key public rooms like the Fiesta Pavilion, then the biggest function room of the hotel. The hotel was the","Pacific War techniques of amphibious landings, learning from their mistakes and implementing changes such as thorough pre-emptive bombings and bombardment, more careful planning regarding tides and landing craft schedules, and better overall coordination. The US Navy did not seek out the Japanese fleet for a decisive battle, as Mahanian doctrine would suggest (and as Japan hoped); the Allied advance could only be stopped by a Japanese naval attack, which oil shortages (induced by submarine attack) made impossible. On 22 November 1943 US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and ROC Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, met in Cairo, Egypt, to discuss","Battle of Mindanao infantry sought out the Japanese defenses, platoons and squads worked through the abaca and surrounding jungle to seek out enemy bunkers and spider holes. In this way, fighting progressed slowly, but the Americans were making headway. At Libby Airdrome and the village of Mintal, some west of Davao City, the 21st Infantry Regiment was attacked on three sides by a numerically stronger enemy. Individual acts of heroism often spelled the difference between victory and defeat in the desperate fighting. On 14 May, posthumous Medal of Honor awardee, Private First Class James Diamond of D Company fell mortally wounded as he","Siege of Veracruz General José Juan Landero assumed command. A truce was called at 8 am on 26 March while terms of surrender were negotiated and concluded by 27 March. On 29 March, the Mexicans officially surrendered their garrisons in Veracruz and Fort Ulúa and later that day, the U.S. flag flew over San Juan de Ulúa. The obstacle to an advancement to Mexico City was removed and Scott made immediate plans to leave a small garrison at Veracruz and march inland, his first objective being Jalapa. Along the way, Scott would in fact encounter a sizable Mexican army under Santa Anna at","Siege of Zamboanga The Spanish troops and the revolutionary forces continued to exchange fire for three days as the former did not want to surrender. Spanish artillery fire began to slacken its tempo and the revolutionary forces took the advantage of it and ordered the artillery forces to increase the bombardment. When General Alvarez saw that the Spanish troops could was on the verge of losing the fight, Alvarez called for a truce. Captain Gowito was chosen as head of the truce team. The truce team conveyed the message of Gen. Alvarez that the fort defenders were fighting a losing war and demanded","The Siege (1998 film) is not a terrorist and that his continued freedom is vital to the investigation. The terrorist incidents escalate with the bombing of a bus and a crowded theater and hostage-taking at an elementary school, and culminate in the destruction of One Federal Plaza, the location of the FBI's New York City field office, with over 600 casualties. In spite of objections, the President of the United States declares martial law and the United States Army's 101st Airborne Division, under the command of Major General William Devereaux (Bruce Willis), occupies and seals off Brooklyn in an effort to find the remaining","Siege of Fort Pulaski the Savannah River behind Fort Pulaski. Then he added another battery situated farther upriver on Elba Island, blocking all river approach to Savannah. The Union naval commander, Admiral Samuel F. Du Pont, conducted a reconnaissance of Lee's system of defense upriver. When the commanding military general, Gen. Thomas W. Sherman, insisted on forcing Lee's riverine batteries against Du Pont's recommendation, Thomas Sherman was transferred to the western theater and replaced by General David Hunter. The Union fleet conducted explorations among the Atlantic inlets and coastal marshes by shallow draft ships, boats and monitors. But when they came up against earthworks","Siege of Los Angeles Sloat. Stockton accepted the Bear Flag revolutionaries, under the command of Major John C. Frémont, as the California Battalion. Stockton then garrisoned Sonoma, San Juan Bautista, Santa Clara, and Sutter's Fort. Stockton's plan for dealing with Castro was to have Commander Samuel Francis Du Pont carry Fremont's men in the \"Cyane\" to San Diego to block any movement southwards, while Stockton would land a force at San Pedro which would move overland against Castro. Fremont arrived at San Diego on July 29 and reached San Pedro on August 6 aboard the \"Congress\". Upon holding a council of war, Castro decided","Battle off Samar to sink troop and supply ships at Leyte Gulf. In the combined Battle of Leyte Gulf, 10,000 Japanese sailors and 3,000 Americans died. Although the battleship \"Yamato\" and the remaining force returned to Japan, the battles marked the final defeat of the Japanese Navy, as the ships remained in port for most of the rest of the war and ceased to be an effective naval force. The overall Japanese strategy at Leyte Gulf—a plan known as \"Shō-Go\" 1—called for Vice-Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa's fleet—known as Northern Force—to lure the American 3rd Fleet away from the Allied landings on Leyte, using an","Siege of Saigon The Siege of Saigon, a two-year siege of the city by the Vietnamese after its capture on 17 February 1859 by a Franco-Spanish flotilla under the command of the French admiral Charles Rigault de Genouilly, was one of the major events of the Conquest of Cochinchina (1858–62). Saigon was of great strategic importance, both as the key food-producing area of Vietnam and as the gateway to Cochinchina. In 1858, Admiral Charles Rigault de Genouilly attacked Vietnam under the orders of Napoleon III following the failed mission of diplomat Charles de Montigny. His stated mission was to stop","Moro Rebellion ambassador to Ottoman Empire, Oscar Straus in 1899 to approach Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II to request that the Sultan write a letter to the Moro Sulu Muslims of the Sulu Sultanate in the Philippines telling them to submit to American suzerainty and American military rule. Despite the sultan's \"pan-Islamic\" ideology, he readily aided the American forces because he felt no need to cause hostilities between the West and Muslims. Abdul Hamid wrote the letter, which was sent to Mecca where two Sulu chiefs brought it home to Sulu. It was successful, and the \"Sulu Mohammedans . . . refused","Puerto Rican Campaign After about an hour of fighting, Spanish artillery batteries had been silenced. American guns advanced some 2,150 yards and set up positions, but soldiers reported seeing Spanish reinforcements nearby and the guns were withdrawn back to the main line. Shortly before the launch of a flanking movement on the Spanish, all military actions in Puerto Rico were suspended on August 13, after U.S. President William McKinley and French Ambassador Jules Cambon, acting on behalf of the Spanish government, signed an armistice whereby Spain relinquished its sovereignty over the territories of Puerto Rico, Cuba, the Philippines and Guam. In 1890, Captain","United States Army Military Government in Korea forces landed at Incheon on September 8, 1945, and established a military government shortly thereafter. The forces landing at Incheon were of the XXIV Corps of the U.S. Tenth Army. They were commanded by Lt. General John R. Hodge, who then took charge of the government. Four days before he arrived in Korea, Hodge told his officers that Korea \"was an enemy of the United States\". On September 9, at a surrender ceremony, Hodge announced that the Japanese colonial government would remain intact, including its personnel and its governor-general. After a major outcry, Hodge replaced the governor-general with an American","USS Kalinin Bay day's initial air strikes. At 0647, Rear Admiral Sprague received word that a sizable Japanese fleet was approaching from the northwest. Comprising four battleships, eight cruisers, and eleven destroyers, Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita's Center Force steadily closed and at 0658 opened fire on Taffy 3. So began the Battle off Samar—one of the most memorable engagements in U.S. naval history. Outnumbered and outgunned, the slower Taffy 3 seemed fated for disaster; but the American ships defied the odds and gamely accepted the enemy's challenge. \"Kalinin Bay\" accelerated to flank speed; and, despite fire from three enemy cruisers, she launched her","13th Cavalry Regiment The 13th Cavalry Regiment (\"13th Horse\") is a unit of the United States Army. The 2nd Squadron is currently stationed at Fort Bliss, Texas, as part of the 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division. The 13th Cavalry Regiment was first constituted on 2 February 1901 in the Regular Army, and its first active component was K Troop. The Regiment was organized on 26 July 1901 at Fort Meade, South Dakota. Immediately following the American takeover of the Philippines after the Spanish–American War in 1898, Filipino leader Emilio Aguinaldo led a rebellion against American rule and","Pedro Tongio Liongson Locales\". The Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898 witnessed the destruction of the Spanish fleet by the United States naval forces headed by Admiral George Dewey and signaled the return of General Emilio Aguinaldo from his exile in Hongkong on May 19. Four days later, a battalion of Pampango volunteers sent to confront Aguinaldo abandoned their post and crossed over to join him. Lieutenant Liongson was arrested by the Spanish authorities. On June 4, 1898, the \"Voluntarios Locales de Bacolor\" headed by Felix Galura, Paulino Lirag and Alvero Panopio led the town's uprising. Pedro Liongson was consequently released","Santo Domingo Affair civilians living in the city. \"Newark\" opened fire with her broadside at 3:25 pm, while the \"Columbia\" covered the landing. Ten minutes later the bombardment ceased and a force of 375 Americans headed to the beach. The landing party was under the direct command of Lieutenant Commander James P. Parker, the executive officer on the \"Columbia\"; the marines were led by Captain Albert S. Mclemore. At least 100 armed rebels were using the old Fort Ozama as a base. The Americans received some enemy rifle fire while still on the water and when they landed at 4:30 pm, they attacked","History of Manila to do so and did not consider it an organized government. War broke out between the Filipinos and the Americans on February 4, 1899, the 1899 Battle of Manila, which began the Philippine–American War. The Americans pursued the retreating Filipino forces province by province, until General Emilio Aguinaldo (then president of the Republic) surrendered in Palanan, Isabela, on March 23, 1901. Manila continued under an American military government until civil government was established for the city on July 31, 1901. During the American Period, some semblance of city planning using the architectural designs and master plans by Daniel Burnham was","Claude A. Buss Claude Albert Buss (29 November 1903 – 17 November 1998) was a professor emeritus of history and a key American diplomat in the Philippines during World War II. Although not formally counted as one of the State Department's \"China Hands\", he was a U.S. Foreign Service Officer in Peiping and Nanjing prior to the war, and served in multiple U.S. government and policy advisory positions covering East Asia for almost seven decades. As an academic, he taught at the University of Southern California, Stanford University, and the Naval Postgraduate School. Buss authored multiple texts which became standard","Fort Drum (Philippines) the last position in the bay that was held by the Japanese. A Landing Ship Medium (LSM) was modified with a bridge structure to allow troops to run direct from the ship to the top deck of the fort. After a heavy aerial and naval bombardment, U.S. troops gained access to the deck of the fort on 13 April and were able to confine the garrison below. Rather than attempting to break in, the troops and engineers adapted the solution first used some days earlier in the assault of a mortar battery on Fort Hughes. There, the troops pumped of","John R. McKinney John Randolph McKinney was a United States soldier who received the Medal of Honor in World War II during the campaign to recapture the Philippines from Japanese forces in 1945. Although greatly outnumbered by about 100 Japanese soldiers, McKinney was single-handedly able to secure a crucial battlefield area before reinforcements arrived. He was presented the Medal of Honor in a White House ceremony by President Harry S. Truman on January 23, 1946. McKinney enlisted in the United States Army from Screven County, Georgia in November 1942. He served as a Sergeant in the United States Army. McKinney,","Battle of New Orleans given time to begin the transformation of the canal into a heavily fortified earthwork. On Christmas Day, General Edward Pakenham arrived on the battlefield and ordered a reconnaissance-in-force on December 28 against the American earthworks protecting the advance to New Orleans. That evening, General Pakenham, angry with the position in which the army had been placed, met with General Keane and Admiral Cochrane for an update on the situation. General Pakenham wanted to use Chef Menteur Road as the invasion route, but he was overruled by Admiral Cochrane, who insisted that his boats were providing everything that could be needed.","newspapers. Siege of Fort Texas The Siege of Fort Texas marked the beginning of active campaigning by the armies of the United States and Mexico during the Mexican–American War. The battle is sometimes called The Siege of Fort Brown, but this is not entirely accurate—the name Fort Brown was taken from Major Jacob Brown, who was one of the two Americans killed during the engagement. Major Jacob Brown should not to be confused with the War of 1812 General Jacob Brown. On 28 March 1846, the Army of Occupation under the command of General Zachary Taylor reached the north bank","China Relief Expedition and was therefore in a position to contribute one of the larger contingents to the international relief expedition. The first American forces left the Philippines on June 14. A detachment of 107 Marines went to China to protect American lives and property; this detachment was drawn from the 1st Marine Infantry Regiment stationed at Cavite. This detachment steamed toward Taku aboard the USS \"Newark\", arriving on June 18, where they joined by 32 Marines aboard the . Under the command of Major Littleton W.T. Waller, the detachment landed at Taku the next day and advanced toward Tientsin. Although General Arthur","the Americans arrived. During the Philippine-American War, Marinduque was the first island to have American concentration camps. Marinduque is the site of the Battle of Pulang Lupa, where 250 Filipino soldiers under Colonel Maximo Abad, defeated a smaller force of 54 American Infantrymen. It is one of the few battles during the pacification of the Philippines where the tenacity and bravery of the Filipinos prevailed over the well-armed Americans. Col. Abad after capturing the Americans later surrendered on April 15, 1901 upon orders from Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo and due to the capture of Gov. Martin Lardizabal and two other officials","Philippine Sea Frontier The Philippine Sea Frontier (PHILSEAFRON) was a United States Navy Sea Frontier active in 1941, and reformed in 1944. On 8 December 1941 it was part of the 16th Naval District, a component of the United States Asiatic Fleet. Inactive from 6 May 1942 to 13 November 1944) Rear Admiral Francis W. Rockwell: 7 December 1941--18 March 1942 Captain Kenneth M. Hoeffel: 18 March 1942--6 May 1942 The Philippine Sea Frontier (Rear Admiral James L. Kauffman, Commander) was reestablished as a separate command under Commander Seventh Fleet (Southwest Pacific Area) on 13 November 1944. Rear Admiral J.","Manuel Tinio strategy, anticipating an invasion by the American aggressors, Gen. Tinio ordered the construction of 636 trenches, well designed and strategically placed for cross fire, to protect the principal roads and ports and to guard the entire coastline from Rosario, La Union to Cape Bojeador in Ilocos Norte. At the start of the Philippine–American War, Gen. Tinio's forces were 1,904 strong, with 68 officers, 200 sandatahanes or bolomen, 284 armorers, 37 medics, 22 telegraphers, 80 cavalrymen, 105 artillerymen and 2 Spanish engineers. (By April 1899, this would be reduced to 1,789 officers and men.) On May 18, 1899, six months before","United States Army Air Forces in the South West Pacific Theatre known simply as the \"South West Pacific Area\". The major USAAF combat organizations in the region was Fifth Air Force, based in Australia after the Battle of the Philippines (1941–42). From Australia, the Allied forces, led by General Douglas MacArthur, first moved north into New Guinea in 1942, then into the Netherlands East Indies in 1943, and returning to the Philippines in 1944 and 1945. Moving with the Allied ground forces, the USAAF Fifth Air Force established a series of airfields, some at existing facilities, but most were carved out of the jungle to provide tactical air support of the","Martial law in the Philippines Bonifacio's plan ordered some of his fellow Filipino soldiers to ambush Bonifacio's party leading to their death. After five days, on May 23, Aguinaldo issued a proclamation in which he assumed command of all Philippine military forces and established a dictatorial government with himself as the supreme commander. On 12 June, at Aguinaldo's ancestral home in Cavite, Philippine independence was proclaimed and The Act of Declaration of Philippine Independence was read. The act had been prepared and written in Spanish by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, who also read its proclamation. On 18 June, issued a decree formally establishing his dictatorial government.","Philippine Army President Theodore Roosevelt officially sanctioned the raising of the Philippine Scouts (PS) as part of the United States Army, with full effect starting from October 1901. Earlier, in August that same year, came the colonial civil government's decision to found the Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the national gendarmerie force for law enforcement. Both of these organizations and their victories over the PRA contributed to the official end of the conflict in 1902, even as resistance continued (inclusive of the Muslims of the south, resulting in the Moro Rebellion) through 1914. Starting in 1910, Filipino personnel in the Philippine Scouts were","History of the Philippines (1898–1946) 31, 1899 and were driven into northern Luzon. Peace feelers from members of Aguinaldo's cabinet failed in May when the American commander, General Ewell Otis, demanded an unconditional surrender. In 1901, Aguinaldo was captured and swore allegiance to the United States, marking one end to the war. President McKinley had appointed a five-person group headed by Dr. Jacob Schurman, president of Cornell University, on January 20, 1899, to investigate conditions in the islands and make recommendations. The three civilian members of the Philippine Commission arrived in Manila on March 4, 1899, a month after the Battle of Manila which had","Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays Philippines. Philippine President Manuel Quezon, with his family and senior officials, was evacuated to the southern Philippines by the submarine on 20 February. MacArthur was ordered by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to relocate to Australia to prevent his capture and to direct further operations. He departed Corregidor on 12 March 1942, initially by PT boat to Mindanao, completing his journey by air. On 20 March he made a speech with the famous phrase \"I shall return\". He left Lieutenant General Jonathan M. Wainwright IV in a subordinate command in the Philippines, telling the key officers there that he (MacArthur) would","Tenth United States Army The Tenth United States Army was the last army level command established in the Pacific Theater of Operations during World War II. It was commanded by Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. until he was killed by enemy artillery fire on Okinawa on 18 June 1945. Major General Roy Geiger assumed command and led the Tenth Army until relieved by General Joseph Stilwell on 23 June. During the Battle of Okinawa, the Tenth Army consisted of XXIV Corps of the U.S. Army and III Amphibious Corps of the U.S. Marine Corps. The Tenth Army, which was","The Hump jurisdiction, with part of the authority given to Gen. Joseph Stilwell as CBI theater commander and part remaining with Tenth Air Force, which had also been ordered by Marshall to \"co-operate when requested\" with the British in defending India. Movement by ground transport of supplies arriving from the United States at the port of Karachi to the airfields, as well as construction of the infrastructure required to support the operation, was the responsibility of the U.S. Army's Services of Supply, commanded in the CBI by Maj. Gen. Raymond A. Wheeler. The airlift was the final leg of a journey of","Douglas MacArthur some of the Filipino troops were able to retreat back to Baatan, but without most of their supplies, which were abandoned in the confusion. Manila was declared an open city at midnight on 24 December, without any consultation with Admiral Thomas C. Hart, commanding the Asiatic Fleet, forcing the Navy to destroy considerable amounts of valuable materiel. On the evening of 24 December, MacArthur moved his headquarters to the island fortress of Corregidor in Manila Bay arriving at 21:30, with his headquarters reporting to Washington as being open on the 25th. A series of air raids by the Japanese destroyed","Battle of Zapote River that commenced on June 9 to rid the countryside of Filipino Army rebelling against the Americans. A fleet of gunboats - \"Callao\", \"Manila\" and \"Mosquito\" - led Admiral George Dewey, were on Manila Bay to provide naval gunfire support. These were soon joined by the \"Helena\", \"Princeton\", \"Monterey\" and \"Monadnock\" gunboats. The battle started around 6:15am after three shots were fired by the Filipinos at the American outpost from a 1-pounder Hotchkiss gun. In retaliation, the Sixth artillery under Lieutenant Benjamin M. Koehler fired back six shrapnel shells from two guns. At the portion of the river between the river","Battle of Okinawa 27, a minimum of 14 and up to 18 escort carriers (CVEs) were in the area at all times. Until April 20, British Task Force 57, with 4 large and 6 escort carriers, remained off the Sakishima Islands to protect the southern flank. The protracted length of the campaign under stressful conditions forced Admiral Chester W. Nimitz to take the unprecedented step of relieving the principal naval commanders to rest and recuperate. Following the practice of changing the fleet designation with the change of commanders, US naval forces began the campaign as the US 5th Fleet under Admiral Raymond Spruance,","Army forces led by General Yamashita, which started the Battle of Baguio. Baguio is the site of the formal surrender of General Yamashita and Vice Admiral Okochi at Camp John Hay's American Residence in the presence of lieutenant generals Arthur Percival and Jonathan Wainwright. The 1990 Luzon earthquake ( = 7.7) destroyed some parts of Baguio and the surrounding province of Benguet on the afternoon of July 16, 1990. A significant number of buildings and infrastructure were damaged, including the Hyatt Terraces Plaza, Nevada Hotel, Baguio Park Hotel, FRB Hotel and Baguio Hilltop Hotel; major highways were temporarily blocked due","Twelfth United States Army Group The Twelfth United States Army Group was the largest and most powerful United States Army formation ever to take to the field, commanding four field armies at its peak in 1945: First United States Army, Third United States Army, Ninth United States Army and Fifteenth United States Army. Formed eight days after the Normandy landings, it initially controlled the First and the Third US Armies. Through various configurations in 1944 and 1945, the Twelfth US Army Group controlled the majority of American forces on the Western Front. It was commanded by General Omar Bradley with","Battle of Manila Bay p.m. According to American sources, Dewey won the battle with seven men very slightly wounded, a total of nine injured, and only a single fatality among his crew: Francis B. Randall, Chief Engineer on the \"McCulloch\", from a heart attack. On the other hand, the Spanish naval historian Agustín Ramón Rodríguez González suggests that Dewey suffered heavier losses, though still much lower than those of the Spanish squadron. Rodríguez notes that Spanish officials estimated the American casualties at 13 crewmen killed and more than 30 wounded based on reliable information collected by the Spanish consulate in Hong Kong. According to","Battle of Tinian been seized by the summer of 1944, while some Japanese garrisons were left to starve. Tinian was part of Japan's South Pacific Mandate. By June 1944, it had a population of 15,700 Japanese civilians, including 2,700 ethnic Koreans and 22 ethnic Chamorro. The Japanese defending the island, the 50th Infantry Regiment, which was originally part of 29th division, were commanded by Colonel Kiyochi Ogata and his subordinate Goichi Oya. Vice-Admiral Kakuji Kakuta, commander of First Air Fleet, was headquartered in Manila, but on Tinian on an inspection tour when the invasion started. The US naval bombardment commenced on 16 July,","Battle of Leyte Gulf freed the necessary manpower. It was eventually decided that MacArthur's forces would invade the island of Leyte in the central Philippines. Amphibious forces and close naval support would be provided by the Seventh Fleet, commanded by Vice Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid. The Seventh Fleet at this time contained units of the U.S. Navy and the Royal Australian Navy. Before the major naval actions in Leyte Gulf had begun, and were severely damaged by air attacks; during the battle proper these two cruisers were retiring, escorted by , for repairs at the major Allied base at Manus Island, away. The U.S.","head of state. Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, held the rank of a field marshal, or equivalent rank, in eight armies. Nine of his field marshal batons are on display in Apsley House (see Batons of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington). The United States has never used the rank of field marshal; however, General Douglas MacArthur was field marshal of the Philippine Army from 24 August 1936, until 31 December 1937. On 14 December 1944, Congress created the rank of \"general of the army\", a five-star rank equivalent to that of field marshal in other countries. Two days","Mateo Noriel Luga On September 15, 1901, General Robert P. Hughes, heading two thousand troops, arrived in Cebu, and towns, villages, and crops were laid to waste. Homes and the people's means of livelihood were demolished, and little distinction was made between the combatants and the victims of the war. Bereft of the necessary support to continue hostilities, terms of peace were discussed with the Americans. One by one, the revolutionary leaders surrendered after General Maxilom laid down his arms on October 27, 1901. General Luga and his troops surrendered to Captain Frank McIntyre of the 19th U.S. Infantry on the same day.","Arthur MacArthur Jr. Lieutenant General Arthur MacArthur Jr. (June 2, 1845 – September 5, 1912) was a United States Army general. He became the military Governor-General of the American-occupied Philippines in 1900 but his term ended a year later due to clashes with the civilian governor, future President William Howard Taft. His son, Douglas MacArthur, was one of only five men promoted to the five-star rank of General of the Army during World War II. In addition to their both being promoted to the rank of general officer, Arthur MacArthur Jr. and Douglas MacArthur also share the distinction of having","Heneral Luna troops led by General Arthur MacArthur Jr. (Miguel Faustmann) and General Elwell Otis (E.A. Rocha), Luna asks for reinforcements from the Kawit Battalion but its commander, Captain Pedro Janolino (Ketchup Eusebio), refuses to comply because the order did not come from President Aguinaldo himself. Luna angrily rides to Janolino's camp, humiliates him in front his men, and dismisses the battalion for insubordination. Luna then assembles an army of 4,000 soldiers by declaring his infamous \"Article One\", \"stating that all who refuse to follow his orders shall be executed without the benefit of a trial in a military court\". He also","Philippine–American War of operation which better suited their disadvantaged situation. On November 13, 1899, Emilio Aguinaldo decreed that guerrilla war would henceforth be the strategy. This made American occupation of the Philippine archipelago all the more difficult over the next few years. During the first four months of the guerrilla war, the Americans had nearly 500 casualties. The Philippine Army began staging bloody ambushes and raids, such as the guerrilla victories at Paye, Catubig, Makahambus, Pulang Lupa, Balangiga and Mabitac. At first, it seemed that the Filipinos might be able to fight the Americans to a stalemate and force them to withdraw.","Battle of Calumpit The Battle of Calumpit, alternately known as the Battles of Bagbag and Pampanga Rivers, was fought from April 25–27, 1899, in Calumpit, Bulacan, during the Philippine-American War. Taking place after the Battle of Quingua, the fighting around Calumpit saw US forces under General Arthur MacArthur, Jr. once again face General Antonio Luna's main force, with whom they had clashed during the fall of Malolos on March 31, 1899. Beginning on March 25, the Americans began their drive to capture Malolos, the Philippine capital at the time, hoping that it would shatter the morale of the Filipino troops.","United States war crimes number of non-combatants killed can be explained as the result of indiscriminate machine-gun fire. Despite President McKinley's proclamation of \"benevolent assimilation\" of the Philippines as a U.S. Territory, American treatment of Philippine soldiers and civilians was far from benevolent. General Elwell Stephen Otis controlled the flow of information by journalists, often through violent methods, in order to maintain American support for the war. Following the Battle of Manila, Aguinaldo switched his tactics from conventional warfare to guerrilla warfare, causing American generals to establish harsher methods of warfare as well. Orders given by Otis and General Arthur MacArthur Jr. oversaw the","United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands pacified and placed firmly under American control, responsibility for the area would be passed to the civilian. General Merritt was succeeded by General Otis as military governor, who in turn was succeeded by General MacArthur. Major General Adna Chaffee was the final military governor. The position of military governor was abolished in July 1902, after which the civil Governor-General became the sole executive authority in the Philippines. Under the military government, an American-style school system was introduced, initially with soldiers as teachers; civil and criminal courts were reestablished, including a supreme court; and local governments were established in towns and","Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays defense system. Due to the Washington Naval Treaty's prohibition on new fortifications, most of the complex was built without appropriated funds, using Filipino convict labor for unskilled tasks, and explosives slated for disposal. During the siege, the Malinta Tunnel proved important to the survival of the Philippine government, the military high command, the medical staff, and numerous civilians. On 26 July 1941 Lieutenant General Douglas MacArthur was recalled to active duty and made the commander of U.S. Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE), which included the Philippine Scouts and the Philippine Commonwealth Army. MacArthur had been an official US"],"string":"[\n \"Battle of Midway The Battle of Midway was a decisive naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II which occurred between 4 and 7 June 1942, only six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after the Battle of the Coral Sea. The United States Navy under Admirals Chester Nimitz, Frank Jack Fletcher, and Raymond A. Spruance defeated an attacking fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy under Admirals Isoroku Yamamoto, Chūichi Nagumo, and Nobutake Kondō near Midway Atoll, inflicting devastating damage on the Japanese fleet that proved irreparable. Military historian John Keegan called it \\\"the\",\n \"Leapfrogging (strategy) Navy. Leapfrogging would allow the United States forces to reach Japan quickly and not expend the time, manpower, and supplies to capture every Japanese-held island on the way. It would give the Allies the advantage of surprise and keep the Japanese off balance. The overall leapfrogging strategy would involve two prongs. A force led by Admiral Chester Nimitz, with a smaller land force and larger fleet, would advance north towards the island and capture the Gilbert and Marshall Islands and the Marianas, going generally in the direction of the Bonin Islands. The southern prong, led by General MacArthur and with\",\n \"Donald Rudolph Donald Eugene Rudolph Sr. (February 21, 1921 – May 25, 2006) was an American soldier who received his country's highest military honor, the Medal of Honor, in World War II. He was awarded the medal while serving as a technical sergeant and acting as leader of his platoon on Luzon island in the northern Philippines; his actions took place on February 5, 1945. While giving first aid on the battlefield he noticed that his unit was pinned down by gun fire from a ditch. Crawling to the ditch, using his rifle and grenades to protect himself, he then\",\n \"Siege of Fort Erie from York to replace him but fell ill with ague, and Colonel Hercules Scott of the 103rd Foot requested permission to relinquish his command of a brigade and revert to command of his regiment. While the British constructed their siege lines and batteries, three American schooners anchored in the Niagara River harassed them with gunfire. At the time, three small craft from the British naval squadron on Lake Ontario were blockaded in the mouth of the Niagara River by three larger American vessels. Commander Alexander Dobbs, in command of the British vessels, and his sailors and Royal Marines dragged a\",\n \"USS Chicago (CA-29) escorting destroyers rescued 1,049 survivors from \\\"Chicago\\\", but 62 of her crew died. A final attack force of Japanese torpedo bombers failed to find the remaining U.S. ships. The Japanese widely publicized the results of the engagement, claiming to have sunk two battleships and three cruisers, while only \\\"Chicago\\\" and a destroyer, , were lost. The U.S. did not initially report the loss of \\\"Chicago\\\" to the public for some time, with Admiral Chester Nimitz—commander in chief of Allied Pacific forces—threatening to \\\"shoot\\\" any of his staff who leaked the loss to the press. Details of the battle emerged in\",\n \"the 18,000 men of the 16th Infantry Division in the Battle of Leyte. Troops of the 14th Area Army were responsible for the Palawan Massacre of December 14, 1944. Japanese Fourteenth Area Army The was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. On July 28, 1944 it was reinforced and upgraded to a field army called the , to counter the imminent Allied invasion of the Philippines by combined American and Filipino troops. The Japanese 14th Army was formed on November 6, 1941, under the Southern Expeditionary Army Group for the specific task of invading and\",\n \"of Marawi\\\" was proposed by Parliamentary Bill No. 261 in the defunct Batasang Pambansa, the former parliament of the Philippines during the Marcos regime, reportedly to attract funds from the Middle East. On May 23, 2017, a pro–Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant group called the Maute group attacked the city. The battle of Marawi—also known as the Marawi siege, the Marawi clash, and the Marawi crisis—started on May 23. CNN Philippines reported that the militants had over 500 men. Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte declared martial law on the island of Mindanao, where the fighting was taking place. The\",\n \"Battle of Olongapo yard. A short battle ensued in the main part of Olongapo, during which one American was wounded. The Americans then raced to the single battery at Kalaklan Point, and destroyed it completely with three charges of guncotton. As soon as they achieved their mission, the Americans withdrew to their ships. Olongapo remained under the Filipinos, but the battery – badly damaged in the explosion – no longer posed a threat to American intentions in the area. With the single Filipino battery gone, trade vessels as well as American patrols were able to freely use the trade route past Olongapo. Emilio\",\n \"Douglas MacArthur divorce, ostensibly on the grounds of \\\"failure to provide\\\". In view of Louise's great wealth, William Manchester described this legal fiction as \\\"preposterous\\\". By 1930, MacArthur was still, at age 50, the youngest of the U.S. Army's major generals, and the best known. He left the Philippines on 19 September 1930 and for a brief time was in command of the IX Corps Area in San Francisco. On 21 November, he was sworn in as Chief of Staff of the United States Army, with the rank of general. While in Washington, he would ride home each day to have lunch\",\n \"forces began on 10 June 1945 when the Australian Army under the command of Australian Major General George Wootten launched an attack under the codename of Operation Oboe Six. Labuan became the main objective for the Allied forces to repossess. Soon, the 9th Division of the Australian Army launched the attack with support from airstrikes and sea bombardments until the capture of the Labuan airstrip. Most of the Labuan island area including the main town of Victoria was under the control of Allied forces within four days of the landing on 10 June. On 9 September 1945, the Japanese Lieutenant\",\n \"31st Infantry Regiment (United States) when the crisis passed, the unit returned to the Philippines. For their service in Shanghai, they received the Yangtze Service Medal (Marines). On 8 December 1941, Japanese planes attacked U.S. military installations in the Philippines. A 31st Infantry sergeant on detail at Camp John Hay became the campaign's first fatality. After landing in northern and southern Luzon, the Japanese pushed rapidly toward Manila, routing hastily formed Philippine Army units that had little training and few heavy weapons. The 31st Infantry covered the withdrawal of American and Philippine forces to the Bataan Peninsula. Unfortunately, the peninsula had not been provisioned with\",\n \"Operation Rolling Thunder Southeast Asia. The Air Force's 2nd Air Division (replaced by the Seventh Air Force on 1 April 1966) was ostensibly responsible for aerial operations over North and South Vietnam. It was subordinate, however, to MACV and its commander, U.S. Army General William C. Westmoreland, who tended to see his problems centered in the south. The U.S. Seventh/Thirteenth Air Force, based in Thailand (which carried out the majority of the Air Force's strikes in North Vietnam), had a dual command structure. It reported to the Seventh on operational matters and to the Thirteenth Air Force (whose headquarters was in the Philippines)\",\n \"Siege of Mafeking The Siege of Mafeking was a 217-day siege battle for the town of Mafeking (now called Mahikeng) in South Africa during the Second Boer War from October 1899 to May 1900. The siege received considerable attention as Lord Edward Cecil, the son of the British prime minister, was in the besieged town. The siege turned the British commander, Colonel Robert Baden-Powell, into a national hero. The Relief of Mafeking (the lifting of the siege), while of little military significance, was a morale boost for the struggling British. Shortly before the outbreak of the Second Boer War in\",\n \"by the United States, which retained control until the Japanese imperial occupation in World War II. On January 1, 1899, the Federal Republic of Negros was proclaimed as a State or Canton with two Provinces. Notice of its establishment was sent to General Aguinaldo. On March 4, the island of Negros was surrendered to U.S. forces. The leaders of the short-lived republic were: In Bago City, the event was chronicled in a historic marker found in the Public Plaza, which bears the following inscriptions: November 5 has been observed as a special non-working holiday in Negros Occidental through Republic Act\",\n \"USS San Francisco (CA-38) Control was reestablished in the conning tower, which soon received a hit from the starboard side. Steering and engine control were temporarily lost, then regained. All communications were now dead. Soon thereafter, the enemy ceased firing. \\\"San Francisco\\\" followed suit and withdrew eastward along the north coast of Guadalcanal. 77 sailors, including Rear Admiral Daniel J. Callaghan and Captain Cassin Young, had been killed. 105 had been wounded. Of seven missing, three were subsequently rescued. The ship had taken 45 hits. Structural damage was extensive, but not fatal. No hits had been received below the waterline. Twenty-two fires had been\",\n \"Armies in the American Civil War forces. As for staffs, on the Union side Grant maintained a surprisingly small staff for a commander in chief. His personal chief of staff was Major General John A. Rawlins, a capable officer who generally produced concise and well‑crafted orders. In addition, he was Grant's alter ego, a trusted friend who took it upon himself to keep Grant sober. In fact, recent scholarship indicates that Grant's drinking was far less of a problem than formerly indicated, and there were certainly no drinking difficulties during the Overland Campaign. The rest of Grant's small staff consisted of a coterie of friends who\",\n \"Combined Chiefs of Staff of 1942, Britain and the United States agreed on a worldwide division of strategic responsibility. On 24 March 1942, the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff were designated as primarily responsible for the war in the Pacific, and the British Chiefs for the Middle East-Indian Ocean region, while the European-Mediterranean-Atlantic area would be a combined responsibility of both staffs. China was designated a separate theater commanded by its chief of state, Chiang Kai-shek, though within the United States' sphere of responsibility. Six days later the Joint Chiefs of Staff divided the Pacific theater into three areas: the Pacific Ocean Areas (POA),\",\n \"Battles of Batangas The Battles of Batangas (, ) was fought on October 23, 1896 in the towns of Lemery, Bayungyungan, Calaca, and Taal in Batangas province, Philippines. The Katipunan army of Batangas, under General Miguel Malvar, was formed by the elite class in the province. They attempted to destroy Spanish installations in the towns, but failed after the Spanish garrison at Taal, having breaking off the siege earlier in the battle, came in the aid of the besieged towns. The rebels then abandoned their attack and retreated back to the hills, but they managed to save its northern neighbor,\",\n \"Army and take control of the rural areas, jungles and mountains – thus, the Japanese Empire only controlled 12 out of 48 provinces. While remaining loyal to the United States, many Filipinos hoped and believed that liberation from the Japanese would bring them freedom and their already-promised independence. Eventually, the largest naval battle in history, according to gross tonnage sunk, the Battle of Leyte Gulf, occurred when Allied forces started the liberation of the Philippines from the Japanese Empire. Allied troops defeated the Japanese in 1945. By the end of the war it is estimated that over a million Filipinos\",\n \"after him. The City of Derby, Connecticut, where Wheeler grew up as a young lad, named him as one of the first members of its Hall of Fame in 2007. Joseph Wheeler Joseph \\\"Fighting Joe\\\" Wheeler (September 10, 1836 – January 25, 1906) was an American military commander and politician. He is known for having served both as a cavalry general in the Confederate States Army in the 1860s during the American Civil War, and then as a general in the United States Army during both the Spanish–American War and Philippine–American War near the turn of the twentieth century. For\",\n \"Captaincy General of the Philippines the Royal Audience of Manila. However, in 1821, following the independence of Mexico, all control was transferred to Madrid. It was succeeded the short-lived First Philippine Republic following its Independence through the Philippine Revolution. After a long tolling voyage across the Pacific Ocean, Ferdinand Magellan reached the island of Guam on March 6, 1521 and anchored the three ships that were left of his fleet in Umatac Bay, before proceeding to the Philippines, where he met his death during the Battle of Mactan. Antonio Pigafetta, the expedition's chronicler and one of only 18 original crew members to survive Ferdinand Magellan's\",\n \"Battle of Makahambus Hill The Battle of Makahambus Hill was one of the victories won by the Filipinos over the Americans during the Philippine-American War. It was fought on June 4, 1900 in Cagayan de Misamis (now Cagayan de Oro City). The Filipinos were under the command of Colonel Apolinar Velez of the Maguindanao Battalion. Most of them were volunteers apart from some Filipino army men who joined. Col. Pablo Tecson's Bulacan guerrillas, which included his brothers Alipio and Simon, had constructed a number of fortresses in the mountains. On 25 May, they ambushed Capt. Charles D. Roberts' 6 man\",\n \"Battle of Oriskany column approached, led by General Benedict Arnold. While still at Fort Dayton, Arnold sent messengers into the British camp who convinced the British and Indian besiegers that his force was much larger than it actually was. Loyalist John Butler was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel for his role in the battle, and he was authorized to raise a regiment that became known as Butler's Rangers. After the siege was lifted, some Loyalists returned to Quebec while others joined Burgoyne's campaign on the Hudson, including numerous warriors from various tribes. Brant and Seneca chief Sayenqueraghta proposed the next day to continue the\",\n \"Guadalcanal Campaign George C. Marshall, gave the operation his full support, even if MacArthur's command could not lend support and the navy had to take full responsibility. As a result, and in order to preserve the unity of command, the boundary between MacArthur's Southwest Pacific area and Nimitz's Pacific Ocean area was shifted to to the west effective 1 August 1942. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff established the following objectives for 1942–1943: that Guadalcanal would be taken, in conjunction with an Allied offensive in New Guinea under Douglas MacArthur, to capture the Admiralty Islands and the Bismarck Archipelago, including\",\n \"Alamo Mission in San Antonio January 26 the Texian soldiers passed a resolution in favor of holding the Alamo. On February 11, Neill went on furlough to pursue additional reinforcements and supplies for the garrison. William Travis and James Bowie agreed to share command of the Alamo. On February 23 the Mexican army, under the command of General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, arrived in San Antonio de Bexar. For the next thirteen days, the Mexican Army laid siege to the Alamo, during which work continued on the interior of the Alamo. After Mexican soldiers tried to block the irrigation ditch leading into the fort,\",\n \"Henry C. Mustin (1933–2016) remained at sea for 80 days, steaming in circles with the nuclear carrier USS \\\"Enterprise\\\" (CVN-65) and other ships. Early in the quarantine operation, the navy had begun to make plans to invade Cuba, but as Mustin discovered later, Commandant of the Marine Corps GEN David M. Shoup determined that, despite the eight carriers involved in the operation, the navy did not have enough firepower to support an amphibious assault. The Iowa-class battleships that had provided shore bombardment during the Korean War had all been decommissioned and mothballed in the late 1950s and consequently the force had no guns larger\",\n \"Rapp Brush Major General Isaac Rapp Brush (November 7, 1889 – March 6, 1958) was a United States Army officer who commanded the 40th Infantry Division from 1942 to 1945 during its World War II involvement in the United States armed forces' reconquest of the Philippines. The 40th Infantry Division or \\\"Sun Burst\\\" Division was prior to its World War II activation on March 3, 1941 divisions of the California, Nevada and Utah Army National Guard. During its World War II service, the 40th Infantry Division or its members were awarded 3 Distinguished Unit Citations, 1 Medal of Honor, 12\",\n \"Bay of Pigs Invasion Cuba, develop paramilitary forces outside of Cuba, and get the necessary logistical support for covert military operations on the island. At this stage it was still not clear that an invasion would take place. On 18 August 1960, Eisenhower approved a budget of $13,000,000 for the operation. By 31 October 1960, most guerrilla infiltrations and supply drops directed by the CIA into Cuba had failed, and developments of further guerrilla strategies were replaced by plans to mount an initial amphibious assault, with a minimum of 1,500 men. On 18 November 1960, Allen Dulles and Richard Bissell first briefed President-elect John\",\n \"Operation Moolah Korea's military and the support it received from the Soviet Union and China. He also provided valuable insight to American test pilots prior to their evaluation of the MiG at Kadena Air Base. The test pilots were Major Chuck Yeager and Captain Harold \\\"Tom\\\" Collins, led by Major General Albert Boyd, the commander of the Wright Air Development Center. Major Yeager later stated, \\\"Flying the MiG-15 is the most demanding situation I have ever faced. It's a quirky airplane that has killed a lot of its pilots.\\\" Testing of the MiG-15 lasted 11 days. It revealed that the aircraft was\",\n \"Battle of Carrizal fire upon any American soldier moving any direction but north. The Americans were issued a warning by the Mexican army. Boyd ordered the men to attack anyway. In the resulting battle, the American attack was repelled. By legend Villa supposedly watched with delight as his two enemies fought it out with each other. However, this story is of doubtful veracity as Villa was badly injured at the time and being pursued by both the American Army and the federal Carrancistas. The cavalry lost two officers (Charles T. Boyd and Henry R. Adair) and 48 men killed and 24 taken prisoner.\",\n \"in Connecticut) and William Harmar (1803-1878). Note - General Harmar was the senior officer and commander of the United States Army from August 12, 1784 to March 4, 1791. Further reading Josiah Harmar Josiah Harmar (November 10, 1753 – August 20, 1813) was an officer in the United States Army during the American Revolutionary War and the Northwest Indian War. He was the senior officer in the Army for six years and seven months (August 1784 to March 1791). Josiah Harmar was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and educated at a Quaker school. He started his military career during the American\",\n \"Siege of Fort Wayne The Siege of Fort Wayne was a battle that took place Sept. 5 - 12, 1812 during the War of 1812, between the United States military garrison at Fort Wayne and Potawatomi and Miami Indians, within what is now the modern city of Fort Wayne, Indiana. The Indians suffered a severe loss and withdrew on Sept. 12. A vast force under Gen. William Henry Harrison arrived later that day to relieve the fort, ending the siege. The victory was one of two (the other being the battle of Fort Harrison which ended on the same day)\",\n \"Robert Anderson (Civil War) Robert Anderson (June 14, 1805 – October 26, 1871) was a United States Army officer during the American Civil War. He was the Union commander in the first battle of the American Civil War at Fort Sumter in April 1861; the Confederates bombarded the fort and forced its surrender to start the war. Anderson was celebrated as a hero in the North and promoted to brigadier general and given command of Union forces in Kentucky. He was removed late in 1861 and reassigned to Rhode Island, before retiring from military service in 1863. Anderson was born\",\n \"Pacific Coast campaign (Mexican–American War) the west-coast Mexican seaports. The U.S. Navy attempted blockades of the ports three times before being able to successfully blockade and/or occupy them. Following an easy initial occupation and the capitulation of La Paz by Governor Col. Francisco Palacios Miranda, loyalist residents met, declared Miranda a traitor, and rose in revolt. Under a new governor, Mauricio Castro Cota, and then under the leadership of Manuel Pineda Munoz (who defended Mulege from American landings), the loyalists attempted to expel the Americans from La Paz and San José del Cabo. Pineda was eventually captured and the Mexican army under Cota finally defeated\",\n \"Grant's Canal armed parties. In spite of the heat, the canal was excavated to a depth of and a width of . However, the Mississippi River dropped faster than the Union could dig. By July 24, work on the canal stopped and Williams' weary soldiers accompanied the West Gulf Blockading Squadron as Farragut withdrew southward to safer water. In January 1863, work on the canal was resumed by troops under the command of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. Although placing little confidence in the success of the project, Grant approved of the idea as it would keep his soldiers in good physical\",\n \"Fort Mills Philippine government and MacArthur's headquarters evacuated to the Malinta Tunnel. Amid the evacuations, a re-inauguration ceremony for Philippine President Manuel Quezon's second term was held just outside the tunnel on 30 December. The Japanese entered Manila on 2 January 1942. Five days later the U.S. and Philippine forces completed a fighting withdrawal to the Bataan peninsula, northwest of Corregidor, and prepared to defend it. In the northern Philippines, this left only Bataan, Corregidor, and Forts Hughes, Frank, and Drum in Allied hands. This situation had been anticipated in the prewar War Plan Orange-3, under which the forces in the Philippines\",\n \"Dewey Medal The Dewey Medal was a military decoration of the United States Navy which was established by the United States Congress on June 3, 1898. The medal recognizes the leadership of Admiral of the Navy George Dewey, during the Spanish–American War, and the Sailors and Marines under his command. The Dewey Medal was created to recognize the forces of the U.S. Navy and United States Marine Corps who participated in the Battle of Manila Bay. To be awarded the Dewey Medal, a service member must have served on one of the following naval vessels on May 1, 1898: The\",\n \"(XIV Corps) in the west, and San Fabian (I Corps) in to the east. Despite the Americans' success in driving out the Japanese army encamped at the Gulf, the Americans suffered relatively heavy losses, particularly on their convoys due to Japanese \\\"kamikaze\\\" suicide attacks. From 4 through 12 January, a total of 24 ships were sunk and 67 damaged by \\\"kamikaze\\\" planes, including the battleships and (accidentally hit by friendly fire), the heavy cruiser USS Louisville (CA-28), the light cruiser , and the minesweepers and . Following the amphibious landings, the Lingayen Gulf was turned into a vast supply depot\",\n \"General Philip Sheridan and Spanish–American War. A processions of troops led by Brigadier General J. Franklin Bell paraded past the crowd and dignitaries while the United States Marine Band played music. Secretary of War Luke E. Wright presided over the dedication ceremony and Denis J. O'Connell, rector of The Catholic University of America, delivered the invocation. Roosevelt, Brigadier General Horace Porter, and Wright gave eulogies of Sheridan. Roosevelt gave a short speech praising Sheridan's valiant acts while Porter's speech was an in depth review of Sheridan's life, including his days at West Point and his campaigns during the Civil War and American Indian\",\n \"Siege of Port Arthur fortifications at Port Arthur in other locations, cumulating in a six-day general assault at the end of October, which cost the Japanese a further 124 officers and 3611 men. News of this defeat inflamed Japanese popular opinion against Nogi. General Yamagata urged his court-martial, but Nogi was saved from this only through the unprecedented personal intervention of Emperor Meiji. However, Field Marshal Oyama Iwao found the continuing unavailability of the 3rd Army's manpower to be intolerable, and sent General Kodama Gentarō to compel Nogi to take drastic action, or else relieve him of command. Kodama returned to visit Nogi again\",\n \"Siege of Bastogne the conglomeration of airborne and armored infantry forces were recognized by both sides as being surrounded. The American soldiers were outnumbered approximately 5-1 and were lacking in cold-weather gear, ammunition, food, medical supplies, and senior leadership (as many senior officers, including the 101st's commander—Major General Maxwell Taylor—were elsewhere). Due to the worst winter weather in memory, the surrounded U.S. forces could not be resupplied by air nor was tactical air support available due to cloudy weather. However, the two Panzer divisions of the XLVII Panzer Corps—after using their mobility to isolate Bastogne, continued their mission towards the Meuse on 22\",\n \"Manuel Roxas and Stripes and raising of the National Flag, a 21-gun salute, and the pealing of church bells. Roxas then swore the Oath of Office as the first President of the new Republic. The inaugural ceremonies took place at Luneta Park in the City of Manila. On the Grandstand alone were around 3,000 dignitaries and guests, consisting of President Roxas, Vice-President Quirino, their respective parties and the Cabinet; the last High Commissioner to the Philippines and first Ambassador to the Philippines Paul McNutt; General Douglas MacArthur (coming from Tokyo); United States Postmaster General Robert E. Hannegan; a delegation from the United\",\n \"Timeline of United States military operations insurrection of Gen. Juan P. Reyes. 1899–1913: Philippine Islands: Philippine–American War, US forces protected American interests following the war with Spain, defeating Filipino revolutionaries seeking immediate national independence. The U.S. government declared the insurgency officially over in 1902, when the Filipino leadership generally accepted American rule. Skirmishes between government troops and armed groups lasted until 1913, and some historians consider these unofficial extensions of the war. 1900: China: From May 24 to September 28, Boxer Rebellion. American troops participated in operations to protect foreign lives during the Boxer uprising, particularly at Peking. For many years after this experience a permanent\",\n \"Runaway Scrape Burleson was named as commander. On December 5, James C. Neill began distracting Cos by firing artillery directly at the Alamo, while Benjamin Milam and Frank W. Johnson led several hundred volunteers in a surprise attack. The fighting at the Siege of Béxar continued until December 9 when Cos sent word he wanted to surrender. Cos and his men were sent back to Mexico, but would later unite with Santa Anna's forces. Approximately 300 of the Texian garrison at Béxar departed on December 30 to join Frank W. Johnson and James Grant on the Matamoros Expedition, in a planned attack\",\n \"Simeón Ola to his place of birth and became the municipal president. The regional police command in Legazpi City was named after him. Simeon Ola died on February 14, 1952 and was interred at the Roman Catholic Cemetery of Guinobatan. Simeón Ola Simeón Ola y Arboleda (September 2, 1865 – February 14, 1952) is a hero of the Philippine Revolution and was the last general of the Philippines to surrender to the American forces after the Philippine-American War. Simeón Ola was born on September 2, 1865 to Vicente Ola and Apolonia Arboleda. He was enrolled in Mater Salutis College Seminary and studied\",\n \"Fort Anderson (Kentucky) etc.) into West Tennessee and Kentucky. He arrived in Paducah on March 25, and quickly occupied the town. The cavalry began destroying unwanted supplies, and took what they wanted, mainly horses and mules. Fort Anderson was commanded by Union officers Col. Stephen G. Hicks and Lt. Cdr. James W. Shirk. They had support of two gunboats on the Ohio River, and refused to surrender. A message was sent by Confederate Major-General Nathan Bedford Forrest to Hicks asking for unconditional surrender. The letter reads as follows: Colonel: Having a force amply sufficient to carry your works and reduce the place, and\",\n \"Battle of Imphal airfields supplying the Nationalist Chinese under Chiang Kai-shek via an airlift over \\\"The Hump\\\" (the Himalaya Mountains). Although the staffs at Burma Area Army and at Southern Expeditionary Army Group (the supreme command for the Japanese forces in southeast Asia and the southern Pacific) had reservations over the scale of Mutaguchi's proposed operation, they were eventually won over by his persistent advocacy. Finally, Prime Minister Hideki Tojo and Imperial General Headquarters gave their approval to the plan. Mutaguchi intended to isolate and destroy the Allied units in their forward positions and then capture Imphal. His plan was named U-Go, or\",\n \"Paris-trained Filipino architect Andrés Luna de San Pedro, son of painter Juan Luna, to take charge of the renovations of the Manila Hotel. It was done under the supervision of the renowned engineering firm Pedro Siochi and Company. The hotel was the residence of General Douglas MacArthur when he became the Military Advisor of the Commonwealth. Luna converted the hotel's top floor into an elegant penthouse and expanded the west wing northward – creating the air-conditioned annex - and designed some key public rooms like the Fiesta Pavilion, then the biggest function room of the hotel. The hotel was the\",\n \"Pacific War techniques of amphibious landings, learning from their mistakes and implementing changes such as thorough pre-emptive bombings and bombardment, more careful planning regarding tides and landing craft schedules, and better overall coordination. The US Navy did not seek out the Japanese fleet for a decisive battle, as Mahanian doctrine would suggest (and as Japan hoped); the Allied advance could only be stopped by a Japanese naval attack, which oil shortages (induced by submarine attack) made impossible. On 22 November 1943 US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and ROC Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, met in Cairo, Egypt, to discuss\",\n \"Battle of Mindanao infantry sought out the Japanese defenses, platoons and squads worked through the abaca and surrounding jungle to seek out enemy bunkers and spider holes. In this way, fighting progressed slowly, but the Americans were making headway. At Libby Airdrome and the village of Mintal, some west of Davao City, the 21st Infantry Regiment was attacked on three sides by a numerically stronger enemy. Individual acts of heroism often spelled the difference between victory and defeat in the desperate fighting. On 14 May, posthumous Medal of Honor awardee, Private First Class James Diamond of D Company fell mortally wounded as he\",\n \"Siege of Veracruz General José Juan Landero assumed command. A truce was called at 8 am on 26 March while terms of surrender were negotiated and concluded by 27 March. On 29 March, the Mexicans officially surrendered their garrisons in Veracruz and Fort Ulúa and later that day, the U.S. flag flew over San Juan de Ulúa. The obstacle to an advancement to Mexico City was removed and Scott made immediate plans to leave a small garrison at Veracruz and march inland, his first objective being Jalapa. Along the way, Scott would in fact encounter a sizable Mexican army under Santa Anna at\",\n \"Siege of Zamboanga The Spanish troops and the revolutionary forces continued to exchange fire for three days as the former did not want to surrender. Spanish artillery fire began to slacken its tempo and the revolutionary forces took the advantage of it and ordered the artillery forces to increase the bombardment. When General Alvarez saw that the Spanish troops could was on the verge of losing the fight, Alvarez called for a truce. Captain Gowito was chosen as head of the truce team. The truce team conveyed the message of Gen. Alvarez that the fort defenders were fighting a losing war and demanded\",\n \"The Siege (1998 film) is not a terrorist and that his continued freedom is vital to the investigation. The terrorist incidents escalate with the bombing of a bus and a crowded theater and hostage-taking at an elementary school, and culminate in the destruction of One Federal Plaza, the location of the FBI's New York City field office, with over 600 casualties. In spite of objections, the President of the United States declares martial law and the United States Army's 101st Airborne Division, under the command of Major General William Devereaux (Bruce Willis), occupies and seals off Brooklyn in an effort to find the remaining\",\n \"Siege of Fort Pulaski the Savannah River behind Fort Pulaski. Then he added another battery situated farther upriver on Elba Island, blocking all river approach to Savannah. The Union naval commander, Admiral Samuel F. Du Pont, conducted a reconnaissance of Lee's system of defense upriver. When the commanding military general, Gen. Thomas W. Sherman, insisted on forcing Lee's riverine batteries against Du Pont's recommendation, Thomas Sherman was transferred to the western theater and replaced by General David Hunter. The Union fleet conducted explorations among the Atlantic inlets and coastal marshes by shallow draft ships, boats and monitors. But when they came up against earthworks\",\n \"Siege of Los Angeles Sloat. Stockton accepted the Bear Flag revolutionaries, under the command of Major John C. Frémont, as the California Battalion. Stockton then garrisoned Sonoma, San Juan Bautista, Santa Clara, and Sutter's Fort. Stockton's plan for dealing with Castro was to have Commander Samuel Francis Du Pont carry Fremont's men in the \\\"Cyane\\\" to San Diego to block any movement southwards, while Stockton would land a force at San Pedro which would move overland against Castro. Fremont arrived at San Diego on July 29 and reached San Pedro on August 6 aboard the \\\"Congress\\\". Upon holding a council of war, Castro decided\",\n \"Battle off Samar to sink troop and supply ships at Leyte Gulf. In the combined Battle of Leyte Gulf, 10,000 Japanese sailors and 3,000 Americans died. Although the battleship \\\"Yamato\\\" and the remaining force returned to Japan, the battles marked the final defeat of the Japanese Navy, as the ships remained in port for most of the rest of the war and ceased to be an effective naval force. The overall Japanese strategy at Leyte Gulf—a plan known as \\\"Shō-Go\\\" 1—called for Vice-Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa's fleet—known as Northern Force—to lure the American 3rd Fleet away from the Allied landings on Leyte, using an\",\n \"Siege of Saigon The Siege of Saigon, a two-year siege of the city by the Vietnamese after its capture on 17 February 1859 by a Franco-Spanish flotilla under the command of the French admiral Charles Rigault de Genouilly, was one of the major events of the Conquest of Cochinchina (1858–62). Saigon was of great strategic importance, both as the key food-producing area of Vietnam and as the gateway to Cochinchina. In 1858, Admiral Charles Rigault de Genouilly attacked Vietnam under the orders of Napoleon III following the failed mission of diplomat Charles de Montigny. His stated mission was to stop\",\n \"Moro Rebellion ambassador to Ottoman Empire, Oscar Straus in 1899 to approach Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II to request that the Sultan write a letter to the Moro Sulu Muslims of the Sulu Sultanate in the Philippines telling them to submit to American suzerainty and American military rule. Despite the sultan's \\\"pan-Islamic\\\" ideology, he readily aided the American forces because he felt no need to cause hostilities between the West and Muslims. Abdul Hamid wrote the letter, which was sent to Mecca where two Sulu chiefs brought it home to Sulu. It was successful, and the \\\"Sulu Mohammedans . . . refused\",\n \"Puerto Rican Campaign After about an hour of fighting, Spanish artillery batteries had been silenced. American guns advanced some 2,150 yards and set up positions, but soldiers reported seeing Spanish reinforcements nearby and the guns were withdrawn back to the main line. Shortly before the launch of a flanking movement on the Spanish, all military actions in Puerto Rico were suspended on August 13, after U.S. President William McKinley and French Ambassador Jules Cambon, acting on behalf of the Spanish government, signed an armistice whereby Spain relinquished its sovereignty over the territories of Puerto Rico, Cuba, the Philippines and Guam. In 1890, Captain\",\n \"United States Army Military Government in Korea forces landed at Incheon on September 8, 1945, and established a military government shortly thereafter. The forces landing at Incheon were of the XXIV Corps of the U.S. Tenth Army. They were commanded by Lt. General John R. Hodge, who then took charge of the government. Four days before he arrived in Korea, Hodge told his officers that Korea \\\"was an enemy of the United States\\\". On September 9, at a surrender ceremony, Hodge announced that the Japanese colonial government would remain intact, including its personnel and its governor-general. After a major outcry, Hodge replaced the governor-general with an American\",\n \"USS Kalinin Bay day's initial air strikes. At 0647, Rear Admiral Sprague received word that a sizable Japanese fleet was approaching from the northwest. Comprising four battleships, eight cruisers, and eleven destroyers, Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita's Center Force steadily closed and at 0658 opened fire on Taffy 3. So began the Battle off Samar—one of the most memorable engagements in U.S. naval history. Outnumbered and outgunned, the slower Taffy 3 seemed fated for disaster; but the American ships defied the odds and gamely accepted the enemy's challenge. \\\"Kalinin Bay\\\" accelerated to flank speed; and, despite fire from three enemy cruisers, she launched her\",\n \"13th Cavalry Regiment The 13th Cavalry Regiment (\\\"13th Horse\\\") is a unit of the United States Army. The 2nd Squadron is currently stationed at Fort Bliss, Texas, as part of the 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division. The 13th Cavalry Regiment was first constituted on 2 February 1901 in the Regular Army, and its first active component was K Troop. The Regiment was organized on 26 July 1901 at Fort Meade, South Dakota. Immediately following the American takeover of the Philippines after the Spanish–American War in 1898, Filipino leader Emilio Aguinaldo led a rebellion against American rule and\",\n \"Pedro Tongio Liongson Locales\\\". The Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898 witnessed the destruction of the Spanish fleet by the United States naval forces headed by Admiral George Dewey and signaled the return of General Emilio Aguinaldo from his exile in Hongkong on May 19. Four days later, a battalion of Pampango volunteers sent to confront Aguinaldo abandoned their post and crossed over to join him. Lieutenant Liongson was arrested by the Spanish authorities. On June 4, 1898, the \\\"Voluntarios Locales de Bacolor\\\" headed by Felix Galura, Paulino Lirag and Alvero Panopio led the town's uprising. Pedro Liongson was consequently released\",\n \"Santo Domingo Affair civilians living in the city. \\\"Newark\\\" opened fire with her broadside at 3:25 pm, while the \\\"Columbia\\\" covered the landing. Ten minutes later the bombardment ceased and a force of 375 Americans headed to the beach. The landing party was under the direct command of Lieutenant Commander James P. Parker, the executive officer on the \\\"Columbia\\\"; the marines were led by Captain Albert S. Mclemore. At least 100 armed rebels were using the old Fort Ozama as a base. The Americans received some enemy rifle fire while still on the water and when they landed at 4:30 pm, they attacked\",\n \"History of Manila to do so and did not consider it an organized government. War broke out between the Filipinos and the Americans on February 4, 1899, the 1899 Battle of Manila, which began the Philippine–American War. The Americans pursued the retreating Filipino forces province by province, until General Emilio Aguinaldo (then president of the Republic) surrendered in Palanan, Isabela, on March 23, 1901. Manila continued under an American military government until civil government was established for the city on July 31, 1901. During the American Period, some semblance of city planning using the architectural designs and master plans by Daniel Burnham was\",\n \"Claude A. Buss Claude Albert Buss (29 November 1903 – 17 November 1998) was a professor emeritus of history and a key American diplomat in the Philippines during World War II. Although not formally counted as one of the State Department's \\\"China Hands\\\", he was a U.S. Foreign Service Officer in Peiping and Nanjing prior to the war, and served in multiple U.S. government and policy advisory positions covering East Asia for almost seven decades. As an academic, he taught at the University of Southern California, Stanford University, and the Naval Postgraduate School. Buss authored multiple texts which became standard\",\n \"Fort Drum (Philippines) the last position in the bay that was held by the Japanese. A Landing Ship Medium (LSM) was modified with a bridge structure to allow troops to run direct from the ship to the top deck of the fort. After a heavy aerial and naval bombardment, U.S. troops gained access to the deck of the fort on 13 April and were able to confine the garrison below. Rather than attempting to break in, the troops and engineers adapted the solution first used some days earlier in the assault of a mortar battery on Fort Hughes. There, the troops pumped of\",\n \"John R. McKinney John Randolph McKinney was a United States soldier who received the Medal of Honor in World War II during the campaign to recapture the Philippines from Japanese forces in 1945. Although greatly outnumbered by about 100 Japanese soldiers, McKinney was single-handedly able to secure a crucial battlefield area before reinforcements arrived. He was presented the Medal of Honor in a White House ceremony by President Harry S. Truman on January 23, 1946. McKinney enlisted in the United States Army from Screven County, Georgia in November 1942. He served as a Sergeant in the United States Army. McKinney,\",\n \"Battle of New Orleans given time to begin the transformation of the canal into a heavily fortified earthwork. On Christmas Day, General Edward Pakenham arrived on the battlefield and ordered a reconnaissance-in-force on December 28 against the American earthworks protecting the advance to New Orleans. That evening, General Pakenham, angry with the position in which the army had been placed, met with General Keane and Admiral Cochrane for an update on the situation. General Pakenham wanted to use Chef Menteur Road as the invasion route, but he was overruled by Admiral Cochrane, who insisted that his boats were providing everything that could be needed.\",\n \"newspapers. Siege of Fort Texas The Siege of Fort Texas marked the beginning of active campaigning by the armies of the United States and Mexico during the Mexican–American War. The battle is sometimes called The Siege of Fort Brown, but this is not entirely accurate—the name Fort Brown was taken from Major Jacob Brown, who was one of the two Americans killed during the engagement. Major Jacob Brown should not to be confused with the War of 1812 General Jacob Brown. On 28 March 1846, the Army of Occupation under the command of General Zachary Taylor reached the north bank\",\n \"China Relief Expedition and was therefore in a position to contribute one of the larger contingents to the international relief expedition. The first American forces left the Philippines on June 14. A detachment of 107 Marines went to China to protect American lives and property; this detachment was drawn from the 1st Marine Infantry Regiment stationed at Cavite. This detachment steamed toward Taku aboard the USS \\\"Newark\\\", arriving on June 18, where they joined by 32 Marines aboard the . Under the command of Major Littleton W.T. Waller, the detachment landed at Taku the next day and advanced toward Tientsin. Although General Arthur\",\n \"the Americans arrived. During the Philippine-American War, Marinduque was the first island to have American concentration camps. Marinduque is the site of the Battle of Pulang Lupa, where 250 Filipino soldiers under Colonel Maximo Abad, defeated a smaller force of 54 American Infantrymen. It is one of the few battles during the pacification of the Philippines where the tenacity and bravery of the Filipinos prevailed over the well-armed Americans. Col. Abad after capturing the Americans later surrendered on April 15, 1901 upon orders from Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo and due to the capture of Gov. Martin Lardizabal and two other officials\",\n \"Philippine Sea Frontier The Philippine Sea Frontier (PHILSEAFRON) was a United States Navy Sea Frontier active in 1941, and reformed in 1944. On 8 December 1941 it was part of the 16th Naval District, a component of the United States Asiatic Fleet. Inactive from 6 May 1942 to 13 November 1944) Rear Admiral Francis W. Rockwell: 7 December 1941--18 March 1942 Captain Kenneth M. Hoeffel: 18 March 1942--6 May 1942 The Philippine Sea Frontier (Rear Admiral James L. Kauffman, Commander) was reestablished as a separate command under Commander Seventh Fleet (Southwest Pacific Area) on 13 November 1944. Rear Admiral J.\",\n \"Manuel Tinio strategy, anticipating an invasion by the American aggressors, Gen. Tinio ordered the construction of 636 trenches, well designed and strategically placed for cross fire, to protect the principal roads and ports and to guard the entire coastline from Rosario, La Union to Cape Bojeador in Ilocos Norte. At the start of the Philippine–American War, Gen. Tinio's forces were 1,904 strong, with 68 officers, 200 sandatahanes or bolomen, 284 armorers, 37 medics, 22 telegraphers, 80 cavalrymen, 105 artillerymen and 2 Spanish engineers. (By April 1899, this would be reduced to 1,789 officers and men.) On May 18, 1899, six months before\",\n \"United States Army Air Forces in the South West Pacific Theatre known simply as the \\\"South West Pacific Area\\\". The major USAAF combat organizations in the region was Fifth Air Force, based in Australia after the Battle of the Philippines (1941–42). From Australia, the Allied forces, led by General Douglas MacArthur, first moved north into New Guinea in 1942, then into the Netherlands East Indies in 1943, and returning to the Philippines in 1944 and 1945. Moving with the Allied ground forces, the USAAF Fifth Air Force established a series of airfields, some at existing facilities, but most were carved out of the jungle to provide tactical air support of the\",\n \"Martial law in the Philippines Bonifacio's plan ordered some of his fellow Filipino soldiers to ambush Bonifacio's party leading to their death. After five days, on May 23, Aguinaldo issued a proclamation in which he assumed command of all Philippine military forces and established a dictatorial government with himself as the supreme commander. On 12 June, at Aguinaldo's ancestral home in Cavite, Philippine independence was proclaimed and The Act of Declaration of Philippine Independence was read. The act had been prepared and written in Spanish by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, who also read its proclamation. On 18 June, issued a decree formally establishing his dictatorial government.\",\n \"Philippine Army President Theodore Roosevelt officially sanctioned the raising of the Philippine Scouts (PS) as part of the United States Army, with full effect starting from October 1901. Earlier, in August that same year, came the colonial civil government's decision to found the Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the national gendarmerie force for law enforcement. Both of these organizations and their victories over the PRA contributed to the official end of the conflict in 1902, even as resistance continued (inclusive of the Muslims of the south, resulting in the Moro Rebellion) through 1914. Starting in 1910, Filipino personnel in the Philippine Scouts were\",\n \"History of the Philippines (1898–1946) 31, 1899 and were driven into northern Luzon. Peace feelers from members of Aguinaldo's cabinet failed in May when the American commander, General Ewell Otis, demanded an unconditional surrender. In 1901, Aguinaldo was captured and swore allegiance to the United States, marking one end to the war. President McKinley had appointed a five-person group headed by Dr. Jacob Schurman, president of Cornell University, on January 20, 1899, to investigate conditions in the islands and make recommendations. The three civilian members of the Philippine Commission arrived in Manila on March 4, 1899, a month after the Battle of Manila which had\",\n \"Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays Philippines. Philippine President Manuel Quezon, with his family and senior officials, was evacuated to the southern Philippines by the submarine on 20 February. MacArthur was ordered by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to relocate to Australia to prevent his capture and to direct further operations. He departed Corregidor on 12 March 1942, initially by PT boat to Mindanao, completing his journey by air. On 20 March he made a speech with the famous phrase \\\"I shall return\\\". He left Lieutenant General Jonathan M. Wainwright IV in a subordinate command in the Philippines, telling the key officers there that he (MacArthur) would\",\n \"Tenth United States Army The Tenth United States Army was the last army level command established in the Pacific Theater of Operations during World War II. It was commanded by Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. until he was killed by enemy artillery fire on Okinawa on 18 June 1945. Major General Roy Geiger assumed command and led the Tenth Army until relieved by General Joseph Stilwell on 23 June. During the Battle of Okinawa, the Tenth Army consisted of XXIV Corps of the U.S. Army and III Amphibious Corps of the U.S. Marine Corps. The Tenth Army, which was\",\n \"The Hump jurisdiction, with part of the authority given to Gen. Joseph Stilwell as CBI theater commander and part remaining with Tenth Air Force, which had also been ordered by Marshall to \\\"co-operate when requested\\\" with the British in defending India. Movement by ground transport of supplies arriving from the United States at the port of Karachi to the airfields, as well as construction of the infrastructure required to support the operation, was the responsibility of the U.S. Army's Services of Supply, commanded in the CBI by Maj. Gen. Raymond A. Wheeler. The airlift was the final leg of a journey of\",\n \"Douglas MacArthur some of the Filipino troops were able to retreat back to Baatan, but without most of their supplies, which were abandoned in the confusion. Manila was declared an open city at midnight on 24 December, without any consultation with Admiral Thomas C. Hart, commanding the Asiatic Fleet, forcing the Navy to destroy considerable amounts of valuable materiel. On the evening of 24 December, MacArthur moved his headquarters to the island fortress of Corregidor in Manila Bay arriving at 21:30, with his headquarters reporting to Washington as being open on the 25th. A series of air raids by the Japanese destroyed\",\n \"Battle of Zapote River that commenced on June 9 to rid the countryside of Filipino Army rebelling against the Americans. A fleet of gunboats - \\\"Callao\\\", \\\"Manila\\\" and \\\"Mosquito\\\" - led Admiral George Dewey, were on Manila Bay to provide naval gunfire support. These were soon joined by the \\\"Helena\\\", \\\"Princeton\\\", \\\"Monterey\\\" and \\\"Monadnock\\\" gunboats. The battle started around 6:15am after three shots were fired by the Filipinos at the American outpost from a 1-pounder Hotchkiss gun. In retaliation, the Sixth artillery under Lieutenant Benjamin M. Koehler fired back six shrapnel shells from two guns. At the portion of the river between the river\",\n \"Battle of Okinawa 27, a minimum of 14 and up to 18 escort carriers (CVEs) were in the area at all times. Until April 20, British Task Force 57, with 4 large and 6 escort carriers, remained off the Sakishima Islands to protect the southern flank. The protracted length of the campaign under stressful conditions forced Admiral Chester W. Nimitz to take the unprecedented step of relieving the principal naval commanders to rest and recuperate. Following the practice of changing the fleet designation with the change of commanders, US naval forces began the campaign as the US 5th Fleet under Admiral Raymond Spruance,\",\n \"Army forces led by General Yamashita, which started the Battle of Baguio. Baguio is the site of the formal surrender of General Yamashita and Vice Admiral Okochi at Camp John Hay's American Residence in the presence of lieutenant generals Arthur Percival and Jonathan Wainwright. The 1990 Luzon earthquake ( = 7.7) destroyed some parts of Baguio and the surrounding province of Benguet on the afternoon of July 16, 1990. A significant number of buildings and infrastructure were damaged, including the Hyatt Terraces Plaza, Nevada Hotel, Baguio Park Hotel, FRB Hotel and Baguio Hilltop Hotel; major highways were temporarily blocked due\",\n \"Twelfth United States Army Group The Twelfth United States Army Group was the largest and most powerful United States Army formation ever to take to the field, commanding four field armies at its peak in 1945: First United States Army, Third United States Army, Ninth United States Army and Fifteenth United States Army. Formed eight days after the Normandy landings, it initially controlled the First and the Third US Armies. Through various configurations in 1944 and 1945, the Twelfth US Army Group controlled the majority of American forces on the Western Front. It was commanded by General Omar Bradley with\",\n \"Battle of Manila Bay p.m. According to American sources, Dewey won the battle with seven men very slightly wounded, a total of nine injured, and only a single fatality among his crew: Francis B. Randall, Chief Engineer on the \\\"McCulloch\\\", from a heart attack. On the other hand, the Spanish naval historian Agustín Ramón Rodríguez González suggests that Dewey suffered heavier losses, though still much lower than those of the Spanish squadron. Rodríguez notes that Spanish officials estimated the American casualties at 13 crewmen killed and more than 30 wounded based on reliable information collected by the Spanish consulate in Hong Kong. According to\",\n \"Battle of Tinian been seized by the summer of 1944, while some Japanese garrisons were left to starve. Tinian was part of Japan's South Pacific Mandate. By June 1944, it had a population of 15,700 Japanese civilians, including 2,700 ethnic Koreans and 22 ethnic Chamorro. The Japanese defending the island, the 50th Infantry Regiment, which was originally part of 29th division, were commanded by Colonel Kiyochi Ogata and his subordinate Goichi Oya. Vice-Admiral Kakuji Kakuta, commander of First Air Fleet, was headquartered in Manila, but on Tinian on an inspection tour when the invasion started. The US naval bombardment commenced on 16 July,\",\n \"Battle of Leyte Gulf freed the necessary manpower. It was eventually decided that MacArthur's forces would invade the island of Leyte in the central Philippines. Amphibious forces and close naval support would be provided by the Seventh Fleet, commanded by Vice Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid. The Seventh Fleet at this time contained units of the U.S. Navy and the Royal Australian Navy. Before the major naval actions in Leyte Gulf had begun, and were severely damaged by air attacks; during the battle proper these two cruisers were retiring, escorted by , for repairs at the major Allied base at Manus Island, away. The U.S.\",\n \"head of state. Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, held the rank of a field marshal, or equivalent rank, in eight armies. Nine of his field marshal batons are on display in Apsley House (see Batons of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington). The United States has never used the rank of field marshal; however, General Douglas MacArthur was field marshal of the Philippine Army from 24 August 1936, until 31 December 1937. On 14 December 1944, Congress created the rank of \\\"general of the army\\\", a five-star rank equivalent to that of field marshal in other countries. Two days\",\n \"Mateo Noriel Luga On September 15, 1901, General Robert P. Hughes, heading two thousand troops, arrived in Cebu, and towns, villages, and crops were laid to waste. Homes and the people's means of livelihood were demolished, and little distinction was made between the combatants and the victims of the war. Bereft of the necessary support to continue hostilities, terms of peace were discussed with the Americans. One by one, the revolutionary leaders surrendered after General Maxilom laid down his arms on October 27, 1901. General Luga and his troops surrendered to Captain Frank McIntyre of the 19th U.S. Infantry on the same day.\",\n \"Arthur MacArthur Jr. Lieutenant General Arthur MacArthur Jr. (June 2, 1845 – September 5, 1912) was a United States Army general. He became the military Governor-General of the American-occupied Philippines in 1900 but his term ended a year later due to clashes with the civilian governor, future President William Howard Taft. His son, Douglas MacArthur, was one of only five men promoted to the five-star rank of General of the Army during World War II. In addition to their both being promoted to the rank of general officer, Arthur MacArthur Jr. and Douglas MacArthur also share the distinction of having\",\n \"Heneral Luna troops led by General Arthur MacArthur Jr. (Miguel Faustmann) and General Elwell Otis (E.A. Rocha), Luna asks for reinforcements from the Kawit Battalion but its commander, Captain Pedro Janolino (Ketchup Eusebio), refuses to comply because the order did not come from President Aguinaldo himself. Luna angrily rides to Janolino's camp, humiliates him in front his men, and dismisses the battalion for insubordination. Luna then assembles an army of 4,000 soldiers by declaring his infamous \\\"Article One\\\", \\\"stating that all who refuse to follow his orders shall be executed without the benefit of a trial in a military court\\\". He also\",\n \"Philippine–American War of operation which better suited their disadvantaged situation. On November 13, 1899, Emilio Aguinaldo decreed that guerrilla war would henceforth be the strategy. This made American occupation of the Philippine archipelago all the more difficult over the next few years. During the first four months of the guerrilla war, the Americans had nearly 500 casualties. The Philippine Army began staging bloody ambushes and raids, such as the guerrilla victories at Paye, Catubig, Makahambus, Pulang Lupa, Balangiga and Mabitac. At first, it seemed that the Filipinos might be able to fight the Americans to a stalemate and force them to withdraw.\",\n \"Battle of Calumpit The Battle of Calumpit, alternately known as the Battles of Bagbag and Pampanga Rivers, was fought from April 25–27, 1899, in Calumpit, Bulacan, during the Philippine-American War. Taking place after the Battle of Quingua, the fighting around Calumpit saw US forces under General Arthur MacArthur, Jr. once again face General Antonio Luna's main force, with whom they had clashed during the fall of Malolos on March 31, 1899. Beginning on March 25, the Americans began their drive to capture Malolos, the Philippine capital at the time, hoping that it would shatter the morale of the Filipino troops.\",\n \"United States war crimes number of non-combatants killed can be explained as the result of indiscriminate machine-gun fire. Despite President McKinley's proclamation of \\\"benevolent assimilation\\\" of the Philippines as a U.S. Territory, American treatment of Philippine soldiers and civilians was far from benevolent. General Elwell Stephen Otis controlled the flow of information by journalists, often through violent methods, in order to maintain American support for the war. Following the Battle of Manila, Aguinaldo switched his tactics from conventional warfare to guerrilla warfare, causing American generals to establish harsher methods of warfare as well. Orders given by Otis and General Arthur MacArthur Jr. oversaw the\",\n \"United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands pacified and placed firmly under American control, responsibility for the area would be passed to the civilian. General Merritt was succeeded by General Otis as military governor, who in turn was succeeded by General MacArthur. Major General Adna Chaffee was the final military governor. The position of military governor was abolished in July 1902, after which the civil Governor-General became the sole executive authority in the Philippines. Under the military government, an American-style school system was introduced, initially with soldiers as teachers; civil and criminal courts were reestablished, including a supreme court; and local governments were established in towns and\",\n \"Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays defense system. Due to the Washington Naval Treaty's prohibition on new fortifications, most of the complex was built without appropriated funds, using Filipino convict labor for unskilled tasks, and explosives slated for disposal. During the siege, the Malinta Tunnel proved important to the survival of the Philippine government, the military high command, the medical staff, and numerous civilians. On 26 July 1941 Lieutenant General Douglas MacArthur was recalled to active duty and made the commander of U.S. Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE), which included the Philippine Scouts and the Philippine Commonwealth Army. MacArthur had been an official US\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":448,"string":"448"}}},{"rowIdx":83,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"when was the song high noon written"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["The Ballad of High Noon “The Ballad of High Noon” (or “Do Not Forsake Me, O My Darlin’”) is a popular song published in 1952, with music by Dimitri Tiomkin and lyrics by Ned Washington. It is the theme song of the movie \"High Noon\", sung over the opening credits by Tex Ritter, with its tune repeated throughout the film. It was awarded the 1952 Academy Award for Best Original Song, and was performed that night for the Academy by Ritter. The song is about the film's main character, Will Kane (played by Gary Cooper), and the moral dilemma of"],"string":"[\n \"The Ballad of High Noon “The Ballad of High Noon” (or “Do Not Forsake Me, O My Darlin’”) is a popular song published in 1952, with music by Dimitri Tiomkin and lyrics by Ned Washington. It is the theme song of the movie \\\"High Noon\\\", sung over the opening credits by Tex Ritter, with its tune repeated throughout the film. It was awarded the 1952 Academy Award for Best Original Song, and was performed that night for the Academy by Ritter. The song is about the film's main character, Will Kane (played by Gary Cooper), and the moral dilemma of\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["Blowin' in the Wind \"Blowin' in the Wind\" is a song written by Bob Dylan in 1962 and released as a single and on his album \"The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan\" in 1963. Although it has been described as a protest song, it poses a series of rhetorical questions about peace, war, and freedom. The refrain \"The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind\" has been described as \"impenetrably ambiguous: either the answer is so obvious it is right in your face, or the answer is as intangible as the wind\". In 1994, the song was inducted into the Grammy","Old Crow Medicine Show copyright on the song; agreeing to a \"50-50 split in authorship.\" Secor later met Dylan's son, Jakob, who said \"it made sense that I was a teenager when I did that, because no one in their 30s would have the guts to try to write a Bob Dylan song.\" The song would be an early entry in the group's catalog when it formed a few years later. Officially released twice, on an early EP and their second album (\"O.C.M.S.\" in 2004), the song would become the group's signature song—going gold in 2011 and platinum in 2013. After the breakup of","Little Willie Littlefield Willie Littlefield, Jr., billed as Little Willie Littlefield (September 16, 1931 – June 23, 2013), was an American R&B and boogie-woogie pianist and singer whose early recordings \"formed a vital link between boogie-woogie and rock and roll\". Littlefield was regarded as a teenage wonder and overnight sensation when in 1949, at the age of 18, he popularized the triplet piano style on his Modern Records debut single, \"It's Midnight\". He also recorded the first version of the song \"Kansas City\" (originally issued as \"K. C. Lovin'\"), in 1952. Littlefield was born in El Campo, Texas, and grew","Tommy Cash year later, he joined United Artists Records and just missed the Country Top 40 in 1968 with \"The Sounds of Goodbye.\" In late 1969, while on Epic Records, he delivered his biggest hit, a tune dedicated to John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King, entitled, \"Six White Horses.\" 1970 saw a pair of Top Ten singles, \"One Song Away\" and \"Rise and Shine\", written by Carl Perkins. Cash's final Top 20 hit, \"I Recall a Gypsy Woman,\" was released in 1973. Cash continues to record albums and currently tours around the world. Cash is a licensed realtor","Floyd Tillman Floyd Tillman (December 8, 1914 – August 22, 2003) was an American country musician who, in the 1930s and 1940s, helped create the Western swing and honky tonk genres. Tillman was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970 and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1984. Tillman grew up in the cotton-mill town of Post, Texas as a sharecropper's son. One of his early jobs was with Western Union as a telegraph operator. In the early 1930s He played mandolin at local dances and eventually took up the guitar. Tillman moved to San Antonio","Milton Brown performer on the Coney Island boardwalk—Dunn's innovative steel guitar solo riffs single-handedly created country & western's most recognized solo instrumental sound. His upbeat \"Taking Off\" instrumental is an excellent example of his inspired solos; a towering inspiration to many Western swing, country and even rock guitarists in the years to follow. In January 1935, Brown's band signed with Decca records and recorded 36 songs for the label with Brown singing lead vocals on most all of the tracks. Released as singles over the course of 1935, the songs helped establish the band as the most popular Western swing band in","Avo Uvezian liked the melody, he asked for the lyrics to be altered. Sinatra recorded the song in 1966. However, before Sinatra heard the music, Uvezian had sent it to Kaempfert, for it to be published in Germany. While he is not officially credited for the song, Uvezian stated that Kaempfert himself had given him credit for its creation, including in a written letter. In 1983, when Avo's daughter Karyn was born, he went to Switzerland for her christening. Avo had a Cuban cigar after the meal and was not happy with the price. His friend mentioned that they should make their","at noon. PDF began with a small group in 1998 on a beach at Assateague Island. Eventually, the event grew too large for that location and moved to private property in the Odessa/Townsend area of Delaware to accommodate the hundreds of participants who were attending the event. The Assateague Beach Burn was the progenitor event of Playa Del Fuego. As of spring 2010, the ticket cap was raised to 1,275. Tickets offered for sale on the PDF website generally sell out quickly. The primary factor which prevents the ticket cap from being increased to meet demand is the number of","Sylvia Plath In 2006 Anna Journey, then a graduate student at Virginia Commonwealth University, discovered a previously unpublished sonnet written by Plath titled \"Ennui\". The poem, composed during Plath's early years at Smith College, is published in \"Blackbird\", the online journal. According to Hughes, Plath left behind \"some 130 [typed] pages of another novel, provisionally titled \"Double Exposure\". That manuscript disappeared somewhere around 1970.\" In 1963, after \"The Bell Jar\" was published, Plath began working on another literary work titled \"Double Exposure.\" It was never published and disappeared around 1970. Theories about what happened to the unfinished manuscript are repeatedly brought up","Springtime for Hitler (song) \"Springtime for Hitler\" is a song written and composed by Mel Brooks for his 1968 film \"The Producers\". In the film, the song is part of the stage musical titled \"Springtime for Hitler\", which the two protagonists produce on Broadway. The musical number was orchestrated by Philip J. Lang and staged by Alan Johnson.. The song goes : Moreover, the verses are accompanied by a \"happy chorus line\". 7\" single \"High Anxiety\" by Mel Brooks — 1978, Asylum Records E-45458, United States and Canada The song (in the original version from the 1967 film \"The Producers\")","William M. Dalton prison. On June 8, 1894, a posse tracked Dalton to his home in Pooleville, Oklahoma. He leaped from a window with a pistol in his hand and charged the posse, ignoring orders to halt; the posse opened fire, killing him. His wife identified his body, and had him shipped back to California for burial. The song \"Doolin Dalton\", a hit for the Eagles, was inspired by the gang. Furthermore, \"Desperado\", the album on which the song \"Doolin Dalton\" appears, is considered a 'concept album' inspired by the antics of the various players from this era including a song called 'Bittercreek',","John Adams (composer) which covers Robert Oppenheimer, the Manhattan Project, and the building of the first atomic bomb and \"The Death of Klinghoffer\" (1991) based on the hijacking of the passenger liner \"Achille Lauro\" by the Palestine Liberation Front in 1985, and the hijackers' murder of 69-year-old Jewish-American passenger Leon Klinghoffer, who used a wheelchair. The opera has drawn controversy, including allegations by some (including Klinghoffer's two daughters) that the opera is antisemitic and glorifies terrorism. The work's creators and others have disputed these criticisms. John Coolidge Adams was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1947. He was raised in various New England states,","Good Vibrations \"Good Vibrations\" is a song composed by Brian Wilson with lyrics by Mike Love for the American rock band the Beach Boys, of which both were members. Released on October 10, 1966, the single was an immediate critical and commercial hit, topping record charts in several countries including the US and UK. Characterized by its complex soundscapes, episodic structure and subversions of pop music formula, it was the costliest single ever recorded at the time of its release. \"Good Vibrations\" later became widely acclaimed as one of the finest and most important works of the rock era. Also","Autumn Almanac \"Autumn Almanac\" is a song written by Ray Davies and recorded by the rock group the Kinks in 1967. \"Autumn Almanac\" has since been noted for being an \"absolute classic\", \"a finely observed slice of English custom\", and a \"weird character study\", and praised for its \"mellow, melodic sound that was to characterize the Kinks' next [musical] phase...\" Some have placed this and other Davies compositions in the pastoral-Romantic tradition of the poetry of Wordsworth, among others. In his 1995 autobiography \"X-Ray\" and in subsequent performances of his \"VH1 Storytellers\" effort, Davies described the song as being inspired","Powderworks, in November 1978. The band built a dedicated fan base, initially restricted to Sydney, which was extended to other Australian cities through constant touring – performing some 200 gigs in their first year. They became known for their furious live performances, which featured the two guitarists Moginie and Rotsey, the drumming and backing vocals of Hirst and the presence of the towering, bald Garrett as lead singer. The first album had disappointed some critics as it did not capture their powerful live performances, with undemanding playing and Garrett’s vocals sounding stilted. In October 1979 \"Head Injuries\" was released on","Black Hole Sun \"Black Hole Sun\" is a song by the American rock band Soundgarden. Written by frontman Chris Cornell, the song was released in 1994 as the third single from the band's fourth studio album \"Superunknown\" (1994). It is arguably the band's most recognizable and most popular song, and remains a well known song from the 1990s. The song topped the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, where it spent a total of seven weeks at number one. Despite peaking at number two on the Modern Rock Tracks, \"Black Hole Sun\" still finished as the number-one track of 1994 for","Gold Star Records One More\", \"Yearning\", \"Too Much Water\" and \"Don't Stop the Music\", all during 1956 and 1957. The Big Bopper's hit \"Chantilly Lace\" was released in 1958, whilst Johnny Preston's \"Running Bear\", James O'Gwynn's \"Talk to Me Lonesome Heart\" and Eddie Noack's \"Have Blues Will Travel\" / \"The Price of Love\" followed in 1959. Willie Nelson's first two songwriting hits were \"Family Bible\", written for Claude Gray, and the 1960 release, \"Night Life\", recorded by Ray Price. The early 1960s saw the beginnings of the psychedelic Texas rock era, particularly with the release of Sir Douglas Quintet's hit song \"She's About","book's most famous passages in the essay \"The 'Me' Decade and the Third Great Awakening\", exemplifying his style of description, Wolfe called Jimmy Carter a \"Missionary lectern-pounding Amen ten-finger C-major-chord Sister-Martha-at-the-Yamaha-keyboard loblolly piney-woods Baptist.\" The 12 pieces in the book are divided into four sections as follows: Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine is a 1976 book by Tom Wolfe, consisting of eleven essays and one short story that Wolfe wrote between 1967 and 1976. It includes the essay in which he coined the term \"the 'Me' Decade\" to refer to the","The Lonesome Road \"The Lonesome Road\" is a 1927 song with music by Nathaniel Shilkret and lyrics by Gene Austin, alternately titled \"Lonesome Road\", \"Look Down that Lonesome Road\" and \"Lonesome Road Blues.\" It was written in the style of an African-American folk song. The lyricist and composer were both extremely popular recording artists. Gene Austin estimated he sold 80 million records, and Nathaniel Shilkret's son estimated his father sold 50 million records. Joel Whitburn lists recordings by Austin, Bing Crosby, Ted Lewis, and Shilkret (see list of recordings below) as being \"charted\" at Numbers 10, 12, 3 and 10,","Coast of High Barbaree The \"Coast of High Barbary\" is a traditional song which was popular among British and American sailors. It is most frequently sung as a ballad but can also be a sea shanty. It tells of a sailing ship that came across a pirate ship off the Barbary Coast and defeated the pirates, who were left to drown. An earlier version of the ballad is found in the Stationers’ Register for January 14, 1595 and tells the story of two merchant ships, the George Aloe and the Sweepstake, both sailing to Safee. While the George Aloe was","Plain White T's Plain White T's (read as \"plain white tees\") are an American rock band from Lombard, Illinois, formed in 1997 by high school friends Tom Higgenson, Dave Tirio and Ken Fletcher. They were joined a short time later by Steve Mast. The group had a mostly underground following in Chicago basements, clubs and bars in its early years. The band is best known in the U.S. for the number-one hit song \"Hey There Delilah\", which achieved platinum status in 2007 and earned two Grammy nominations, as well as \"1234\" and \"Rhythm of Love\", which were certified platinum in","used as incidental music in the film \"The Big Sleep\" and has become a pop standard, recorded by many artists. I Guess I'll Have to Change My Plan \"I Guess I'll Have to Change My Plan\" is a popular song. The music was written by Arthur Schwartz; the lyrics by Howard Dietz. The song was published in 1929. The song originated at Brant Lake Camp in the Adirondacks where Schwartz was a music counselor. The original title of the song was \"I Love to Lie Awake in Bed.\" The lyrics are as follows: I love to lie awake in bed","Hard Times Come Again No More \"Hard Times Come Again No More\" (sometimes, \"Hard Times\") is an American parlor song written by Stephen Foster. It was published in New York by Firth, Pond & Co. in 1854 as Foster's Melodies No. 28. Well-known and popular in its day, both in America and Europe, the song asks the fortunate to consider the plight of the less fortunate and ends with one of Foster's favorite images: \"a pale drooping maiden\". The first audio recording was a wax cylinder by the Edison Manufacturing Company (Edison Gold Moulded 9120) in 1905. It has been","with Phil Napoleon in 1946 and with Miff Mole in 1958. As a songwriter, Signorelli composed \"I'll Never Be The Same\" (initially called \"Little Buttercup\" by Joe Venuti's Blue Four), \"Gypsy\", recorded by Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra, \"Caprice Futuristic\", \"Evening\", \"Anything\", \"Bass Ale Blues\", \"Great White Way Blues\", \"Park Avenue Fantasy\", \"Sioux City Sue\" (1924), \"Shufflin' Mose\", \"Stairway to the Stars\", and \"A Blues Serenade\", recorded by Signorelli in 1926, Glenn Miller and his Orchestra in 1935 and Duke Ellington's version in 1938. On December 9, 1975, Signorelli died in New York City. Frank Signorelli Frank Signorelli (May 24,","Hound Dog (song) time\". Over the years \"Hound Dog\" \"has been the subject of an inordinate number of lawsuits\", and \"would eventually become one of the most litigated songs in recorded music history\". On September 9, 1952, the copyright application for \"Hound Dog\" was lodged. On the application the words & music are attributed to Don Deadric Robey & Willie Mae Thornton, with the copyright claimants listed as: \"Murphy L. Robey (W) & Willie Mae Thornton (A). It was renewed subsequently on May 13, 1980, with the same details. By the end of 1953 at least six \"answer songs\" that responded to 'Big","Howie Richmond both pseudonyms used by Richmond, though Pete Seeger later claimed that its tune was derived from a traditional Irish melody, modified by Lead Belly, with new lyrics by Seeger and Lee Hays. Similar concerns over authorship have also been expressed in relation to \"The Lion Sleeps Tonight\", otherwise known as \"Wimoweh\", on which \"Paul Campbell\" is credited as co-writer. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, many of the pop songs published by Richmond found success. These included \"I Believe\", \"Fly Me to the Moon\", \"As Long As He Needs Me\", \"What Kind of Fool Am I?\", and \"Those Were the Days\",","Ras Shorty I Shorty was the first to really define his music and with \"Indrani\" in 1973 and \"Endless Vibration\" (not just the song but the entire album) in 1975, calypso music really took off in another direction. On 30 August 1977 Shorty's friend and collaborator Maestro (Cecil Hume) died in an accident in Trinidad and his loss was felt by Shorty, who penned \"Higher World\" as a tribute. In Dominica, Shorty had attended an Exile One performance of cadence-lypso, and collaborated with Dominica's 1969 Calypso King, Lord Tokyo, and two calypso lyricists, Chris Seraphine and Pat Aaron, in the early 1970s, who","over this eight-year span, including Joe Satriani, Aldo Nova, and Doors guitarist Robby Krieger, but some band members were barely involved in the recording process. Thus, \"Imaginos\" is often considered more as a project of producer and lyricist Sandy Pearlman than as a true album of the band. \"Imaginos\" weaves scripts and poems by Pearlman, dating from the second half of the 1960s, into a concept album and rock opera about an alien conspiracy that is brought to fruition during the late 19th and early 20th century through the actions of Imaginos, an agent of evil. The tale combines elements","Bad Company Bad Company are an English hard rock supergroup formed in Westminster, London, in 1973 by two former Free band members—singer Paul Rodgers and drummer Simon Kirke— as well as Mott the Hoople guitarist Mick Ralphs and King Crimson bassist Boz Burrell. Peter Grant, who managed the rock band Led Zeppelin, also managed Bad Company until 1982. Bad Company enjoyed great success throughout the 1970s. Their first three albums, \"Bad Company\" (1974), \"Straight Shooter\" (1975), and \"Run With the Pack\" (1976), reached the top five in the album charts in both the UK and US. Many of their singles,","Willie Stein Willie Stein was an American television producer and songwriter. In 1950, Stein and Milton DeLugg cowrote the song \"Orange Colored Sky\", which became a hit for Nat King Cole, and later his daughter Natalie. Among his television productions were \"To Tell the Truth\", \"Sale of the Century\", \"Spin-Off\", \"The $128,000 Question\" and \"The David Letterman Show\", the NBC daytime series. In 1979, he was the producer of \"Say Powww\", TV's original interactive game show, directed by Sidney M. Cohen in Los Angeles. They later co-created \"Thrill of a Lifetime\", one of TV's first reality shows. Together with veteran","1984 (song) \"1984\" is a 1974 single by David Bowie, from his album \"Diamond Dogs\". Written in 1973, it was inspired by George Orwell's \"Nineteen Eighty-Four\" and, like much of its parent album, originally intended for a stage musical based on the novel, which was never produced because permission was refused by Orwell's widow Sonia. The centrepiece of Side Two of the original vinyl album, in the context of Bowie's adaptation of Orwell's story, \"1984\" has been interpreted as representing Winston Smith's imprisonment and interrogation by O'Brien. The lyrics also bear some similarities to Bowie's earlier song \"All the Madmen\",","Woody Guthrie a house made of clay and earth to withstand the Dust Bowl's brutal weather. He could not get it published. It was published posthumously in 2013, by Harper, under actor Johnny Depp's publishing imprint, Infinitum Nihil. In 1949, Guthrie's music was used in the documentary film \"Columbia River\", which explored government dams and hydroelectric projects on the river. Guthrie had been commissioned by the US Bonneville Power Administration in 1941 to write songs for the project, but it had been postponed by World War II. The years immediately after the war when he lived on Mermaid Avenue were among Guthrie's","John Gillespie Magee Jr. used part of \"High Flight\" in a speech written by Peggy Noonan on the night after the Challenger disaster on January 28, 1986. At RAF Scampton in Lincolnshire, a memorial to Red Arrows pilots, Flight Lieutenants Jon Egging, killed on 20 August 2011, and Sean Cunningham, killed on 8 November 2011, bears an interpretation of the poem on a brass plaque atop a wooden plinth in front of a gate guardian aircraft outside the RAF Aerobatics Team hangar. The plaque reads \"...they have slipped the surly bonds of Earth / Put out their hands and touched the face of God...","the Barbeque\". His debut album \"Illmatic\" (1994) received universal acclaim from both critics and the hip-hop community and is frequently ranked as one of the greatest hip-hop albums of all time. Nas's follow-up \"It Was Written\" debuted at #1 on the \"Billboard\" 200, stayed on top for four consecutive weeks, went Double Platinum in two months, and made Nas internationally known. From 2001 to 2005, Nas was involved in a highly publicized feud with Jay-Z, popularized by the diss track \"Ether\". Nas signed to Def Jam in 2006. In 2010, he released \"Distant Relatives\", a collaboration album with Damian Marley,","Manhattan Serenade \"Manhattan Serenade\" was composed by Louis Alter in 1928, with lyrics by Howard Johnson. Alternate lyrics were written ca. 1942 by Harold Adamson. It was a hit record for swing era bandleaders Harry James (vocals by Helen Forrest) and Tommy Dorsey (vocals by Jo Stafford). The song may be most familiar as the title theme of \"My Man Godfrey\", and as the music orchestrating Corleone Family \"consigliere\" Tom Hagen's flight to Los Angeles in the 1972 classic \"The Godfather\". Scott Bradley based his score for \"Mouse in Manhattan\" (a Tom and Jerry cartoon released in 1945) on this","Ken Boothe Stoller rhythm and blues version of the 1920s blues standard, \"Kansas City Blues\", written by E L Bowman and notably performed by Jim Jackson in 1927. Stranger Cole, who was an established artist and neighbor to Boothe, had already worked with Boothe on the Sir Percy sound system as well as recording two songs for independent producer Sir Mike though Boothe's major breakthrough came in 1963 after Cole arranged an audition at Duke Reid's studio. The audition with Cole and Boothe performing the song \"Unos Dos Tres\" was a success and Boothe and Cole formed the duo 'Stranger & Ken'","David Freiberg as \"essentially a back-up musician\" in Jefferson Starship, Freiberg notably served as the primary composer of \"Jane.\" According to \"Rolling Stone\", after Balin and Slick left the band, Freiburg's contribution of the track \"Jane,\" about an old girlfriend, \"was instrumental in moving them into a more commercial, harder-rock direction.\" The track became Jefferson Starship's first hit. \"Jane\" was a #14 hit for the group in 1979 at a crucial juncture immediately following the departures of Slick and Balin and the integration of Mickey Thomas. It has since been prominently showcased in the 2009 video game \"\" and as the opening","also recorded by Ruth Olay and Petula Clark. Lucky Day (1926 song) \"Lucky Day\" is a 1926 song by written by Buddy DeSylva, Lew Brown, and Ray Henderson. The song has been covered by numerous artists. The song was originally by Henderson, De Sylva and Brown for George White's \"Scandals\" of 1926, along with \"The Birth of the Blues\". The song was first performed in 1926 by Harry Richman and chorus. In the 1940s, the song was used as a theme for the NBC radio program \"Your Hit Parade\", which was sponsored by Lucky Strike cigarettes. It was recorded in","inscription changed. Blake was reported to have said this on his birthday in 1979, but it has been attributed to others, including Adolph Zukor, Mae West, and Mickey Mantle. The quotation appeared in print at least as early as 1966, when it was attributed to an anonymous 90-year-old golf caddie. Eubie Blake James Hubert Blake (February 7, 1887February 12, 1983), known as Eubie Blake, was an American composer, lyricist, and pianist of ragtime, jazz, and popular music. In 1921, he and his long-time collaborator Noble Sissle wrote \"Shuffle Along\", one of the first Broadway musicals to be written and directed","Rawhide (TV series) between seasons. After the first season of 22 episodes, seasons 2–7 were each 30 episodes. Often, the only way the lead actors could get a break was if they were said to be off on business. On rare occasions, the show would feature a small number of the actors and some misfortune, maybe in a town, which would give the others time off. Eric Fleming drowned at the age of 41 when a canoe flipped over on location while filming the movie \"High Jungle\" in 1966. The theme song's lyrics were written by Ned Washington in 1958. It was composed","Summertime (George Gershwin song) century\". Composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim has characterized Heyward's lyrics for \"Summertime\" and \"My Man's Gone Now\" as \"the best lyrics in the musical theater\". Gershwin began composing the song in December 1933, attempting to create his own spiritual in the style of the African American folk music of the period. Gershwin had completed setting DuBose Heyward's poem to music by February 1934, and spent the next 20 months completing and orchestrating the score of the opera. The song is sung several times throughout \"Porgy and Bess\". Its lyrics are the first words heard in act 1 of the opera,","Arkells Arkells are a Canadian rock band, formed in Hamilton, Ontario. In 2006, they signed with Dine Alone Records, and have since signed with Universal Records Canada and Last Gang Records. They are managed by Last Gang Management. They have released five albums, two EPs and a number of singles that have charted in Canada. The band has won multiple Juno Awards, including one for their album \"High Noon\" in 2015. The band is named after Arkell Street in the Westdale neighbourhood of Hamilton, near McMaster University, where they lived and would practice their music. All five original band members","The Long, Hot Summer role, Warner Brothers loaned Newman to 20th Century Fox. The production was marked by conflicts between Welles and Ritt, which drew media attention. The music score was composed by Alex North, and the title song, \"The Long Hot Summer\", written by North and Sammy Cahn, was performed by Jimmie Rodgers. The film was well received by critics but did not score significant results at the box office. Its critical success revitalized the career of Ritt, who had been blacklisted during most of the 1950s. Newman won the Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival. Ben Quick is on trial,","Phil Boutelje always receiving credit for his contributions. However, during his career he received two Academy Award nominations for his film contributions (in 1939 for \"The Great Victor Herbert\", with Arthur Lange, and in 1943 for \"Hi Diddle Diddle\"). Boutelje became a member of ASCAP in 1930. His chief musical collaborators included Ned Washington, Dick Winfree, Harry Tobias, Rubey Cowan, Foster Carling and Al Dubin. His song compositions include \"China Boy\", \"Blue Dawn\", \"Star of Hope\", \"Little Doll\", \"The Man With the Big Sombrero\", \"Teton Mountain Stomp\", \"I Loved You Too Little\", \"I Love You, Believe Me I Love You\", \"Hippy Happy","Midnight Sun (Lionel Hampton and Sonny Burke song) \"Midnight Sun\" (1954) was originally an instrumental composed by Lionel Hampton and Sonny Burke in 1947 and is now considered a jazz standard. Subsequently, Johnny Mercer wrote the words to the song. One famous recording of the song with the Mercer lyrics is by Ella Fitzgerald on her 1957 album \"Like Someone in Love\". Fitzgerald recorded the song again for her 1964 album \"Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Johnny Mercer Songbook\". She recorded it for a third time in 1975 with jazz pianist Oscar Peterson on the Pablo release \"Ella and Oscar\". According","song became a hit, and the song has been recorded by many artists since then. Frankie Laine's 1946 version was featured in the 2011 video game \"L.A. Noire\", as part of the in-game radio station, K.T.I. Radio. The song is also featured in the prologue of Ralph Ellison's novel \"Invisible Man\" (1952) as its protagonist, while hiding underground, listens to the song being played very loudly and descends into a dream regarding \"the blackness of Blackness,\" all after smoking a marijuana cigarette. Black and Blue (Fats Waller song) \"(What Did I Do to Be So) Black and Blue\" is a","Frenesi \"Frenesí\" is a musical piece originally composed by Alberto Domínguez for the marimba, and adapted as a jazz standard by Leonard Whitcup and others. The word \"frenesí\" is Spanish for \"frenzy\". A hit version recorded by Artie Shaw (with an arrangement by William Grant Still) reached number one on the \"Billboard\" pop chart on December 21, 1940. and was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1982. The Shaw recording was used in the soundtrack of the 1980 film \"Raging Bull\". Other performers who have recorded the song include Les Brown, Dave Brubeck, Betty Carter, June Christy, Betty","At Seventeen \"At Seventeen\", also known as \"At 17\", is a song by American singer-songwriter Janis Ian from her seventh studio album \"Between the Lines\". Columbia released it in August 1975 as the album's second single. Ian wrote the lyrics based on a \"The New York Times\" article with a samba instrumental. Brooks Arthur produced the final version. A soft rock ballad, the song is about a social outcast in high school. Critics have regarded \"At Seventeen\" as a type of anthem. Despite her initial reluctance to sing the single live, Ian promoted it through various performances. The song has","Billy Gibbons William Frederick Gibbons (born December 16, 1949) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and actor, best known as the guitarist and lead singer of American rock band ZZ Top. He began his career in the Moving Sidewalks, who recorded \"Flash\" (1968) and opened four dates for the Jimi Hendrix Experience. Gibbons formed ZZ Top in late 1969 and released \"ZZ Top's First Album\" in 1971. Gibbons has made appearances with other artists and acted on television shows, most notably \"Bones\". He was ranked at number 32 on the 2011 \"Rolling Stone\" list of the 100 Greatest","band The Maytones, and the UK reggae band Greyhound. Robinson's late works included a concerto for banjo, as well as a piano concerto entitled \"The New Human\". His cantata \"Preamble to Peace\", based on the preamble to the United Nations Charter, was first performed in October 1960 by the Greater Trenton Symphony Orchestra and a chorus, with Eleanor Roosevelt in attendance; it was also performed by the Elisabeth Irwin High School Chorus and the Greenwich Village Orchestra. He was killed at the age of 81 in a car accident in his hometown of Seattle in 1991. Earl Robinson Earl Hawley","Allen Toussaint record when on leave. After his discharge in 1965, he joined forces with Marshall Sehorn<ref name=\"Ankeny (Toussaint/Seahorn)\"></ref> to form Sansu Enterprises, which included a record label, Sansu, variously known as Tou-Sea, Deesu, or Kansu, and recorded Lee Dorsey, Chris Kenner, Betty Harris, and others. Dorsey had hits with several of Toussaint's songs, including \"Ride Your Pony\" (1965), \"Working in the Coal Mine\" (1966), and \"Holy Cow\" (1966). The core players of the rhythm section used on many of the Sansu recordings from the mid- to late 1960s, Art Neville and the Sounds, consisted of Art Neville on keyboards, Leo Nocentelli","become a traditional jazz standard. Berl Olswanger and the Berl Olswanger Orchestra included its instrumental version on their album \"Berl Olswanger Orchestra with the Olswanger Beat\" (1964). I Wonder Where My Easy Rider's Gone \"I Wonder Where My Easy Rider's Gone?\" is a ragtime/blues song written by Shelton Brooks in 1913. Sometimes categorized as hokum, it led to an answer song written in 1915 by W.C. Handy, \"Yellow Dog Rag\", later titled \"Yellow Dog Blues\". Lines and melody from both songs show up in the 1920s and 1930s in such songs as \"E. Z. Rider\", \"See See Rider\", \"C. C.","song comes from a dream his drummer Andy Newmark had. The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking (song) \"5:01 AM (The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking, Part 10)\", is a song written and performed by Roger Waters from his debut studio album, \"The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking\". It was released worldwide on 9 April 1984. Its meaning consists of the lasting memories of the main character, Reg, and displays the benefits and problems associated with his hitch hiking, figuratively and metaphorically. During the song, Waters mentions such popular icons as Dick Tracy, Shane and Yoko Ono. Roger","Jana Gana Mana \"Jana Gana Mana\" () is the national anthem of India. It was originally composed as Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata in Bengali by poet Rabindranath Tagore. The first stanza of the song Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India as the National Anthem on 24 January 1950. A formal rendition of the national anthem takes approximately fifty-two seconds. A shortened version consisting of the first and last lines (and taking about 20 seconds to play) is also staged occasionally. It was first publicly sung on 27 December 1911 at the Calcutta (now, Kolkata) Session of","ten. After eleven years with Vanguard, Baez decided in 1971 to cut ties with the label that had released her albums since 1960. She delivered them one last success with the gold-selling album \"Blessed Are...\" (1971) which included a top-ten hit in \"The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down\", her cover of The Band's signature song. With \"Come from the Shadows\" (1972), Baez switched to A&M Records, where she remained for four years and six albums. Joan Baez wrote \"The Story of Bangladesh\" in 1971. This song was based on the Pakistani army crackdown on unarmed sleeping Bengali students at","between drummer Steve Huston singing the first two lines of the verses and lead vocalist John Schlitt on the remainder of the song. Both the last line of each verse and the choruses feature multi-part vocal harmonies sung by all the members of the band. The song was featured in the 1993 film \"Dazed and Confused\", and later in the 2005 film \"Sahara\". Never Been Any Reason \"Never Been Any Reason\" is the first track on Head East's début album \"Flat as a Pancake\", composed by the band's guitarist, Mike Somerville. It is often considered Head East's signature song, peaking","a bass guitar). The mellotron, played by Pinder, produced many string and horn embellishments. Having already experimented with spoken word interludes on \"Morning Glory\" and \"Late Lament\" on \"Days of Future Passed\", the group tried the practice again on the Graeme Edge-penned pieces \"Departure\" and \"The Word.\" The latter was recited by Pinder, who was the primary reciter of Edge's poems on this and other Moody Blues albums. \"Departure,\" which escalates from mumbling to hysterical laughter, is a rare studio example of Edge reciting his own words. \"In Search of the Lost Chord\" was released on 26 July 1968. It","Like a Rolling Stone No. 1 in their \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" list. The song has been covered by numerous artists, from The Jimi Hendrix Experience and The Rolling Stones to The Wailers and Green Day. At an auction in 2014, Dylan's handwritten lyrics to the song fetched $2 million, a world record for a popular music manuscript. In the spring of 1965, after returning from the tour of England documented in the film \"Dont Look Back\", Dylan was unhappy with the public's expectations of him, as well as the direction his career was taking, and seriously considered quitting the music business.","hit record \"Long Gone\" in 1948, and on its follow-up, \"Late Freight\", credited to the Sonny Thompson Quintet featuring Eddie Chamblee. Both records reached no. 1 on the national \"Billboard\" R&B chart. Two follow-up records, \"Blue Dreams\" and \"Back Street\", also made the R&B chart in 1949. From 1947, he led his own band in Chicago clubs, as well as continuing to record with Thompson and on other sessions in Chicago, including The Four Blazes' no. 1 R&B hit \"Mary Jo\" in 1952. In 1954 he joined Lionel Hampton's band for two years, touring in Europe, before returning to lead","is borne out more than ever by the fact that \"Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians\" contains no article about him. Nonetheless, his Sarabande in G minor remains a standard teaching piece for intermediate violinists and violists. Carl Bohm Carl Bohm (also known as Carl Bohm, Henry Cooper [pseudonym] and Karl Bohm) (11 September 1844 – 4 April 1920) was a German pianist and composer. Bohm is regarded as one of the leading German songwriters of the 19th century, and wrote such works as \"Still as the Night\", \"Twilight\", \"May Bells\", \"Enfant Cheri\" and \"The Fountain\". The \"Oxford Companion to","Harry Brooks (composer) Harry Brooks (September 20, 1895 – June 22, 1970) was an American writer of popular songs, jazz pianist and composer in the 1920s to the early 1950s. Brooks was born in Homestead, Pennsylvania, USA. After graduating from his hometown high school in 1914, he worked as a pianist with Pittsburgh bands (dance orchestras) and then as a staff composer for a publishing company. He is recalled mostly in the 21st century for his work with his friends Thomas \"Fats\" Waller and the lyricist Andy Razaf. Brooks was the composer of several hit songs including his composition \"Ain't","Almanac Singers Civil War Loyalists at the Jade Mountain restaurant in New York City. According to a 1965 interview with Lee Hays by Richard Reuss, Seeger, Hays, and Lampell sang at an American Youth Congress held at Turner's Arena in Washington, D.C., in February 1941, at which sponsors had requested songs constructed around the slogan \"Don't Lend or Lease our Bases\" and \"Jim Crow must Go\". Shortly after this, they decided to call themselves the Almanacs. They chose the name because Lee Hays had said that back home in Arkansas farmers had only two books in their houses: the Bible, to guide","Jose performed backing vocals on \"Empty City\". The album also featured more songwriting credits than its predecessor, with band members Danny Bowes, Ben Matthews and Gary \"Harry\" James, as well as producer Taylor, all joining Morley on a number of songs. \"The Moment of Truth\" is the only Thunder song written without Morley, who jokingly recalls that \"Obviously, the trauma of writing together was enough to stop them doing it again!\" \"Low Life in High Places\" was released as the first single from \"Laughing on Judgement Day\" on 3 August 1992, accompanied by a music video filmed in June \"on","(for over a million US sales) by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 1969. It was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1998. It was placed in the National Recording Registry, a list of sound recordings that \"are culturally, historically, or aesthetically important, and/or inform or reflect life in the United States\", in 2005. In June 1956, Holly, Allison and Sonny Curtis went to see the movie \"The Searchers\", starring John Wayne, in which Wayne repeatedly used the phrase \"that'll be the day\". This line of dialogue inspired the young musicians. The song was first recorded","was part of the concert bill for Benny Goodman's famous 1938 concert at Carnegie Hall. It was also the last number ever recorded by Earl Hines, in 1981 after a 58-year recording career. Al Hirt released a version on his 1961 album \"He's the King and His Band\". Rush drummer Neil Peart included \"One O'Clock Jump\" in his drum solos on the band's concert tours in 2002 and 2004. One O'Clock Jump \"One O'Clock Jump\" is a jazz standard, a 12-bar blues instrumental, written by Count Basie in 1937. The melody derived from band members' riffs--Basie rarely wrote down musical","Booker T. Jones on guitar, Booker T. and the MGs featured Lewie Steinberg on bass guitar and Al Jackson, Jr. on drums (Donald \"Duck\" Dunn eventually replacing Steinberg). While still in high school, Jones co-wrote the group's classic instrumental \"Green Onions,\" which was a massive hit in 1962. Bob Altshuler wrote the sleeve notes on the first Booker T. & the M.G.'s album \"Green Onions\" released by Stax Records in 1962: Over the next few years, Jones divided his time between studying classical music composition, composing and transposition at Indiana University, playing with the MGs on the weekends back in Memphis, serving as","film scripted by Shane and Howard J. Green from a story by Joseph Hoffman. Produced by Irvin Atkins for Radio Creators, \"High Explosive\" aired January 15, 1945, with music by Gregory Stone. It was introduced by host William Gargan and announcer Art Baker with a commentary by Shane in the middle of the show. Best known in the 1940s for his \"Big Town\" screenplays and radio scripts, Shane later scripted \"City Across the River\", the 1949 film of Irving Shulman's \"The Amboy Dukes\", and he was a writer-producer for TV's \"Thriller\" (1960-62). Action (radio) Action (aka Action Theater) was a","by Johnny Cash. Bascom Lamar Lunsford recorded both songs in 1949 for the Library of Congress. Charles Guiteau (song) \"Charles Guiteau\" (LAWS E11) Roud 444 is a traditional song about the assassination of US President James A. Garfield by Charles J. Guiteau. It is based on another old ballad, \"James A. Rogers\". The song is told from the point of view of the assassin himself. For a while, it was believed that Guiteau wrote the song himself, possibly because of the poem \"I am Going to the Lordy\", which Guiteau actually did write on the day of his execution. It","Harlem Hamfats Western swing bands, and, Howlin' Wolf. Some of their other recordings, such as \"We Gonna Pitch a Boogie Woogie\", more clearly presage the rhythms of rock and roll. Their most recognizable work may be the modern jazz tune \"Why Don't You Do Right?\", written by Joe McCoy and included on their 1936 record under the title \"The Weed Smoker's Dream\". The song contains numerous references to drugs. The lyrics were later changed and the tune refined. Lil Green recorded it as \"Why Don't You Do Right\", a song about a conniving mistress and her broke lover, in 1941, and it","The Cisco Kid (song) \"The Cisco Kid\" is a song performed by War, and written by Thomas Allen, B. B. Dickerson, Harold Brown, and Charles Miller, all members of War at the time. It is the first song on their 1972 album \"The World Is a Ghetto\", and is the group's highest-charting song. The song describes the adventures of Cisco and Pancho, two cowboys from the 1950s TV program \"The Cisco Kid\". The song is known for having a different sequence of notes following each line. A distinct four-note phrase played by saxophone, harmonica, and flute punctuates the end of","The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll was quoted saying, \"Nobody treats his niggers as well as Billy does around here.\" Zantzinger was convicted of manslaughter on August 28, 1963, and was not tried by a jury of peers but by a panel of three judges. The sentence was handed down on the same day that Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his \"I Have a Dream\" speech in Washington. Bob Dylan, aged 22 at that time, was one of the celebrities at the march and on the journey home to New York City he read about the conviction of Zantzinger and decided to write a protest song","his album \"North Star Deserter\". The song references Stevens's poem \"Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird\". \"The Bird with the Coppery, Keen Claws\" During his lifetime, Stevens received numerous awards in recognition of his work, including: Wallace Stevens Wallace Stevens (October 2, 1879 – August 2, 1955) was an American modernist poet. He was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, educated at Harvard and then New York Law School, and he spent most of his life working as an executive for an insurance company in Hartford, Connecticut. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for his \"Collected Poems\" in 1955. Stevens'","movies: \"The Chump Champ\" (1950), \"Little 'Tinker\" (1948), \"Red Hot Riding Hood\" (1943), \"Sufferin' Cats\" (1943), \"Design for Scandal\" (1941), \"Strike Up the Band\" (1940), and \"Westward Passage\" (1932). \"I've Waited So Long\" was composed with Irving Bibo and Howard Johnson and copyrighted in 1920. Whiteman also arranged the song. \"How I Miss You Mammy, No One Knows\" was composed with Billy Munro and Marcel Klauber in 1920 and arranged by Marcel Klauber. The 1924 song \"You're the One\" was composed by Paul Whiteman, Ferde Grofe, and Ben Russell in 1924 and copyrighted on February 1, 1924. He co-wrote the","Take the High Road also sponsored the series, from August 1999 to September 2001 on Scottish and Grampian TV. The sponsorship credits revealed the adventures of one man and his dog, Doug, as they searched for the village of Glendarroch. These books were all written by Michael Elder, except for \"Summers Gloaming\", which was written by Don Houghton. There were four versions of the theme tune over the 23-year run. The first version was performed by Silly Wizard and was used until 1982. This version was quite \"Scottish folk band\" in style and pretty lively. Instruments featured included the accordion, banjo, drum kit, and","The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll \"The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll\" is a topical song written by the American musician Bob Dylan. Recorded on October 23, 1963, the song was released on Dylan's 1964 album, \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\" and gives a generally factual account of the killing of a 51-year-old African-American barmaid, Hattie Carroll, by the 24-year-old William Devereux \"Billy\" Zantzinger (February 7, 1939 – January 3, 2009), a young man from a wealthy white tobacco farming family in Charles County, Maryland, and of his subsequent sentence to six months in a county jail, after being convicted","the target of lawsuits following its use in the 1992 film \"Bad Lieutenant\". In 1994, Page and Plant successfully sued Home Box Office to have the song removed from televised showings of the film and Live Home Video and distributor Aries Film Releasing were ordered to destroy any unsold copies of \"Bad Lieutenant\" as part of a copyright infringement ruling. Citations References Kashmir (song) \"Kashmir\" is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin. Included on their sixth album \"Physical Graffiti\" (1975), it was written by Jimmy Page and Robert Plant (with contributions from John Bonham) over a period","J. D. Salinger short story collection, \"Nine Stories\" (1953); a volume containing a novella and a short story, \"Franny\" and \"Zooey\" (1961); and a volume containing two novellas, \"Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters\" and \"\" (1963). His last published work, a novella entitled \"Hapworth 16, 1924\", appeared in \"The New Yorker\" on June 19, 1965. Afterward, Salinger struggled with unwanted attention, including a legal battle in the 1980s with biographer Ian Hamilton and the release in the late 1990s of memoirs written by two people close to him: Joyce Maynard, an ex-lover; and Margaret Salinger, his daughter. In 1996, a small publisher","Sonny Okosun dancers, a trombone player, keyboardist, bass and trap drums. Towards the late 1970s, Okosun began to release a string of reggae infused Afro-pop music. His 1977 song \"Fire in Soweto\" became a major international hit and his first gold album. He was featured on the anti-apartheid album \"Sun City\", and his song \"Highlife\" was on the soundtrack of the 1986 film \"Something Wild\". He released another LP album, \"Power to the People\", followed with a tour in some Nigerian cities. He released his first American album in 1984 under Shanachie Records. His next American record, \"Which Way Nigeria\", was released","Sixteen Tons \"Sixteen Tons\" is a song written by Merle Travis about a coal miner, based on life in coal mines in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky. Travis first recorded the song at the Radio Recorders Studio B in Hollywood, California on August 8, 1946. Cliffie Stone played bass on the recording. It was first released in July 1947 by Capitol on Travis's album \"Folk Songs of the Hills\". The song became a gold record. The line \"You load sixteen tons and what do you get? Another day older and deeper in debt\" came from a letter written by Travis's brother John.","Jingle Bells \"Jingle Bells\" is one of the best-known and commonly sung American songs in the world. It was written by James Lord Pierpont (1822–1893) and published under the title \"One Horse Open Sleigh\" in the autumn of 1857. It has been claimed that it was originally written to be sung by a Sunday school choir; however, historians dispute this, stating that it was much too \"racy\" (and secular) to be sung by a children's church choir in the days it was written. Although originally intended for the Thanksgiving season, and having no connection to Christmas, it became associated with","Crazy Rhythm \"Crazy Rhythm\" is a thirty-two-bar swing show tune written in 1928 by Irving Caesar, Joseph Meyer, and Roger Wolfe Kahn for the Broadway musical \"Here's Howe\". \"Crazy Rhythm\" was first recorded for Victor by Roger Wolfe Kahn and His Orchestra in New York City in April 1928 with Franklyn Baur singing the chorus: A version of the song was recorded by Whispering Jack Smith (noted for his soft, \"whispered\" delivery over the air waves); his recording became one of the most popular. It has been covered by a full range of artists from mainstream jazz to hillbilly bebop.","to Wellville\"\" by Columbia Pictures. During the 1968 U.S. Presidential campaign; Richard Nixon's campaign saw him use part of the song (set to images of celebratory clips from the 1968 Democratic National Convention) mixed with more dissonant sounds accompanying pictures of poverty-stricken areas; soldiers wounded in Vietnam and the recent unrest; including the riots at that same Convention. There'll Be a Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight \"A Hot Time in the Old Town\" is an American popular song, copyrighted and perhaps composed in 1896 by Theodore August Metz with lyrics by Joe Hayden. Metz was the band leader","This Is a Fix coma all those years ago. Written after a party in Beverly Hills the band attended, they were asked by Barbara Broccoli - the daughter of Albert R. Broccoli, to come up with a James Bond theme tune. The song was written to oppose the convention of being about the films hero - 007, and instead concentrates on the \"bad guys\" - because the band felt they were more interesting than the \"good guy\". In interview Frost also has noted they never intended to use the chorus because they though they were stupid, however eventually got used to them and forgot.","Hey Joe \"Hey Joe\" is an American popular song from the 1960s that has become a rock standard and has been performed in many musical styles by hundreds of different artists. \"Hey Joe\" tells the story of a man who is on the run and planning to head to Mexico after shooting his unfaithful wife. The song was registered for copyright in the United States in 1962 by Billy Roberts. However, diverse credits and claims have led to confusion about the song's authorship. The earliest known commercial recording of the song is the late-1965 single by the Los Angeles garage","Long, Long, Long \"Long, Long, Long\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1968 album \"The Beatles\" (also known as \"the White Album\"). It was written by George Harrison, the group's lead guitarist, while they were attending Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's Transcendental Meditation course in Rishikesh, India, in early 1968. Although Harrison later stated that he was addressing God in the lyrics, it is the first of his compositions that invites interpretation as both a standard love song and a paean to his deity. \"Long, Long, Long\" originated during a period in which Harrison emerged as","Time\" was moved to the 4 to 7 PM time slot. On June 4, 2018, Jones co-led the series debut of \"High Noon\" with Pablo Torre on ESPN. Jones has served as an adjunct professor at Duke University and Elon University. Bomani Jones Bomani Babatunde Jones (born August 26, 1980) is an American sports journalist who is currently employed by ESPN. He was the co-host of \"Highly Questionable\" with Dan Le Batard, before leaving the show in June 2017 to develop his own show, \"High Noon.\" He is also a regular panelist on \"Around the Horn\". Jones also hosts \"The","Indian Sunset \"Indian Sunset\" is a 1971 song, written and recorded by Elton John, with lyrics by his long-time songwriting partner, Bernie Taupin. It was from John's album \"Madman Across the Water\". The song chronicles the story of an unnamed American Indian warrior on the verge of defeat from the white man. Taupin was inspired to write the lyrics after visiting a Native American reservation. In 2004, the song was sampled in an Eminem-produced Tupac Shakur song entitled \"Ghetto Gospel\". The song contains numerous inaccuracies, most notably the line about Geronimo being shot by U.S soldiers. In reality, the Apache","released in 1994. It reached the lower end of the charts. A remix was re-released in early 1995. It went to no 12 in the UK charts straight away and climbed from there. Later in the US, around June, it reached no. 2 in the pop chart. Following his signing to Energise Records, Sean Smith had his third single released around September 2017, \"Fire\", which was written b Charlie Mason and Daniel Volpe. It was released as an EP with remixes by Ricardo Autobahn and FNK’D UP. Energise Records Energise Records is a British independent record label established in 1993.","Desolation Row \"Desolation Row\" is a 1965 song written and sung by Bob Dylan. It was recorded on August 4, 1965 and released as the closing track of Dylan's sixth studio album, \"Highway 61 Revisited\". It has been noted for its length (11:21) and surreal lyrics in which Dylan weaves characters from history, fiction, the Bible and his own invention into a series of vignettes that suggest entropy and urban chaos. \"Desolation Row\" is often ranked as one of Dylan's greatest compositions. Although the album version of \"Desolation Row\" is acoustic, the song was initially recorded in an electric version.","High Water (For Charley Patton) \"High Water (For Charley Patton)\" is a song by Bob Dylan, released on his 31st studio album \"\"Love and Theft\"\" in 2001. The song draws its title from the Charley Patton song \"High Water Everywhere\", and is meant as a tribute to that bluesman. It is one of many songs based on the 1927 Louisiana flood. Other songs about the event include Memphis Minnie's \"When the Levee Breaks\" (also recorded by Dylan on his \"Modern Times\" album as \"The Levee's Gonna Break\"), and Randy Newman's \"Louisiana 1927\". The song directly quotes three classic American songs","Music history of the United States in the 1950s Much Is That) Doggie in the Window,\" and \"Old Cape Cod.\" Frankie Laine's 1949 hits, \"That Lucky Old Sun (Just Rolls Around Heaven All Day)\" and \"Mule Train,\" were still riding high on the charts when the decade began. He continued to score with such hits as: \"Georgia On My Mind,\" \"Cry of the Wild Goose,\" \"Jezebel,\" \"Rose, Rose, I Love You,\" \"Jealousy (Jalousie),\" \"High Noon (Do Not Forsake Me),\" \"I Believe,\" \"Granada,\" \"Moonlight Gambler,\" and \"Rawhide.\" Johnnie Ray had a long run of hits in the early half of the decade, often backed by The Four Lads, including: \"Cry,\"","The Word Hoard The Word Hoard was a large body of text (approximately 1000 typewriter pages) produced by author William S. Burroughs between roughly 1954 and 1958. Material from the word hoard was the basis for \"Naked Lunch\", and the \"Interzone\" collection, as well as much of \"The Soft Machine\", and minor parts of \"Nova Express\" and \"The Ticket That Exploded\". Central to the \"Word Hoard\" was the 200-page \"Interzone\" manuscript that Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac and Alan Ansen helped organise and type up in Tangier in spring 1957, and which became, with later additions, \"Naked Lunch\" in 1959. \"The","his head already.\" Talking in the 1990s to his official biographer, Barry Miles, McCartney said that the lyrics address duality, reflecting his astrological sign of Gemini. He added: \"It's such a deep theme in the universe, duality – man woman, black white, ebony ivory, high low, right wrong, up down, hello goodbye – that it was a very easy song to write.\" McCartney also said that, in \"Hello, Goodbye\", he was promoting \"the more positive side of the duality\". Among Beatles biographers, Ian MacDonald dates the composition to late September 1967, while Bob Spitz says it was written in time","Hazard, Kentucky incorporated by the state assembly in 1884. Long isolated by the surrounding mountains, Hazard was opened to the outside world by the arrival of the railroad in 1912. The only access to the valley had previously been 45 miles down the North Fork of the Kentucky River or a two-week trip over the surrounding mountains. The railroad brought boom times to the town, but the Great Depression saw prosperity end as quickly as it had begun. The song \"High Sheriff of Hazard\" was written by Tom Paxton in reference to a coal miner's strike in 1964. In 1981, several cast","called Henneky's Long Bar. Fred Jarvis, a former general secretary of the National Union of Teachers, found the previously unknown poem in 2014 while going through papers belonging to his late parents-in-law who knew Thomas. The top of the poem reads \"This little song was written in Henneky's Long Bar High Holborn by Dylan Thomas in 1951.\" Orion Publishing Group planned to include the song in a new edition of collected Thomas poems in October 2014. Cittie of Yorke The Cittie of Yorke is a grade II listed public house on London's High Holborn, and is listed in CAMRA's National","Tex Ritter made the top ten and \"Pecos Bill\" reached No. 15. In 1950, \"Daddy's Last Letter (Private First Class John H. McCormick)\" also became a hit. Ritter first toured Europe in 1952, where his appearances included a starring role in the \"Texas Western Spectacle\" at London's Harringay Arena. That same year, Ritter recorded the movie title track \"High Noon (Do Not Forsake Me Oh My Darlin')\", which became a hit. At the first televised Academy Awards ceremony in 1953, he sang \"High Noon\", which received an Oscar for Best Song that year. In 1953, he began performing on \"Town Hall Party\"","High Noon probably intensified by pain from recent surgery to remove a bleeding ulcer. The running time of the story almost precisely parallels the running time of the film itself—an effect heightened by frequent shots of clocks, to remind the characters (and the audience) that the villain will be arriving on the noon train. The movie's theme song, \"Do Not Forsake Me, My Darling\", became a major hit on the Country-Western charts for Tex Ritter, and later, a pop hit for Frankie Laine as well. Its popularity set a precedent for theme songs that were featured in many subsequent Western films. Composer","The Ballad of High Noon “The Ballad of High Noon” (or “Do Not Forsake Me, O My Darlin’”) is a popular song published in 1952, with music by Dimitri Tiomkin and lyrics by Ned Washington. It is the theme song of the movie \"High Noon\", sung over the opening credits by Tex Ritter, with its tune repeated throughout the film. It was awarded the 1952 Academy Award for Best Original Song, and was performed that night for the Academy by Ritter. The song is about the film's main character, Will Kane (played by Gary Cooper), and the moral dilemma of"],"string":"[\n \"Blowin' in the Wind \\\"Blowin' in the Wind\\\" is a song written by Bob Dylan in 1962 and released as a single and on his album \\\"The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan\\\" in 1963. Although it has been described as a protest song, it poses a series of rhetorical questions about peace, war, and freedom. The refrain \\\"The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind\\\" has been described as \\\"impenetrably ambiguous: either the answer is so obvious it is right in your face, or the answer is as intangible as the wind\\\". In 1994, the song was inducted into the Grammy\",\n \"Old Crow Medicine Show copyright on the song; agreeing to a \\\"50-50 split in authorship.\\\" Secor later met Dylan's son, Jakob, who said \\\"it made sense that I was a teenager when I did that, because no one in their 30s would have the guts to try to write a Bob Dylan song.\\\" The song would be an early entry in the group's catalog when it formed a few years later. Officially released twice, on an early EP and their second album (\\\"O.C.M.S.\\\" in 2004), the song would become the group's signature song—going gold in 2011 and platinum in 2013. After the breakup of\",\n \"Little Willie Littlefield Willie Littlefield, Jr., billed as Little Willie Littlefield (September 16, 1931 – June 23, 2013), was an American R&B and boogie-woogie pianist and singer whose early recordings \\\"formed a vital link between boogie-woogie and rock and roll\\\". Littlefield was regarded as a teenage wonder and overnight sensation when in 1949, at the age of 18, he popularized the triplet piano style on his Modern Records debut single, \\\"It's Midnight\\\". He also recorded the first version of the song \\\"Kansas City\\\" (originally issued as \\\"K. C. Lovin'\\\"), in 1952. Littlefield was born in El Campo, Texas, and grew\",\n \"Tommy Cash year later, he joined United Artists Records and just missed the Country Top 40 in 1968 with \\\"The Sounds of Goodbye.\\\" In late 1969, while on Epic Records, he delivered his biggest hit, a tune dedicated to John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King, entitled, \\\"Six White Horses.\\\" 1970 saw a pair of Top Ten singles, \\\"One Song Away\\\" and \\\"Rise and Shine\\\", written by Carl Perkins. Cash's final Top 20 hit, \\\"I Recall a Gypsy Woman,\\\" was released in 1973. Cash continues to record albums and currently tours around the world. Cash is a licensed realtor\",\n \"Floyd Tillman Floyd Tillman (December 8, 1914 – August 22, 2003) was an American country musician who, in the 1930s and 1940s, helped create the Western swing and honky tonk genres. Tillman was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970 and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1984. Tillman grew up in the cotton-mill town of Post, Texas as a sharecropper's son. One of his early jobs was with Western Union as a telegraph operator. In the early 1930s He played mandolin at local dances and eventually took up the guitar. Tillman moved to San Antonio\",\n \"Milton Brown performer on the Coney Island boardwalk—Dunn's innovative steel guitar solo riffs single-handedly created country & western's most recognized solo instrumental sound. His upbeat \\\"Taking Off\\\" instrumental is an excellent example of his inspired solos; a towering inspiration to many Western swing, country and even rock guitarists in the years to follow. In January 1935, Brown's band signed with Decca records and recorded 36 songs for the label with Brown singing lead vocals on most all of the tracks. Released as singles over the course of 1935, the songs helped establish the band as the most popular Western swing band in\",\n \"Avo Uvezian liked the melody, he asked for the lyrics to be altered. Sinatra recorded the song in 1966. However, before Sinatra heard the music, Uvezian had sent it to Kaempfert, for it to be published in Germany. While he is not officially credited for the song, Uvezian stated that Kaempfert himself had given him credit for its creation, including in a written letter. In 1983, when Avo's daughter Karyn was born, he went to Switzerland for her christening. Avo had a Cuban cigar after the meal and was not happy with the price. His friend mentioned that they should make their\",\n \"at noon. PDF began with a small group in 1998 on a beach at Assateague Island. Eventually, the event grew too large for that location and moved to private property in the Odessa/Townsend area of Delaware to accommodate the hundreds of participants who were attending the event. The Assateague Beach Burn was the progenitor event of Playa Del Fuego. As of spring 2010, the ticket cap was raised to 1,275. Tickets offered for sale on the PDF website generally sell out quickly. The primary factor which prevents the ticket cap from being increased to meet demand is the number of\",\n \"Sylvia Plath In 2006 Anna Journey, then a graduate student at Virginia Commonwealth University, discovered a previously unpublished sonnet written by Plath titled \\\"Ennui\\\". The poem, composed during Plath's early years at Smith College, is published in \\\"Blackbird\\\", the online journal. According to Hughes, Plath left behind \\\"some 130 [typed] pages of another novel, provisionally titled \\\"Double Exposure\\\". That manuscript disappeared somewhere around 1970.\\\" In 1963, after \\\"The Bell Jar\\\" was published, Plath began working on another literary work titled \\\"Double Exposure.\\\" It was never published and disappeared around 1970. Theories about what happened to the unfinished manuscript are repeatedly brought up\",\n \"Springtime for Hitler (song) \\\"Springtime for Hitler\\\" is a song written and composed by Mel Brooks for his 1968 film \\\"The Producers\\\". In the film, the song is part of the stage musical titled \\\"Springtime for Hitler\\\", which the two protagonists produce on Broadway. The musical number was orchestrated by Philip J. Lang and staged by Alan Johnson.. The song goes : Moreover, the verses are accompanied by a \\\"happy chorus line\\\". 7\\\" single \\\"High Anxiety\\\" by Mel Brooks — 1978, Asylum Records E-45458, United States and Canada The song (in the original version from the 1967 film \\\"The Producers\\\")\",\n \"William M. Dalton prison. On June 8, 1894, a posse tracked Dalton to his home in Pooleville, Oklahoma. He leaped from a window with a pistol in his hand and charged the posse, ignoring orders to halt; the posse opened fire, killing him. His wife identified his body, and had him shipped back to California for burial. The song \\\"Doolin Dalton\\\", a hit for the Eagles, was inspired by the gang. Furthermore, \\\"Desperado\\\", the album on which the song \\\"Doolin Dalton\\\" appears, is considered a 'concept album' inspired by the antics of the various players from this era including a song called 'Bittercreek',\",\n \"John Adams (composer) which covers Robert Oppenheimer, the Manhattan Project, and the building of the first atomic bomb and \\\"The Death of Klinghoffer\\\" (1991) based on the hijacking of the passenger liner \\\"Achille Lauro\\\" by the Palestine Liberation Front in 1985, and the hijackers' murder of 69-year-old Jewish-American passenger Leon Klinghoffer, who used a wheelchair. The opera has drawn controversy, including allegations by some (including Klinghoffer's two daughters) that the opera is antisemitic and glorifies terrorism. The work's creators and others have disputed these criticisms. John Coolidge Adams was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1947. He was raised in various New England states,\",\n \"Good Vibrations \\\"Good Vibrations\\\" is a song composed by Brian Wilson with lyrics by Mike Love for the American rock band the Beach Boys, of which both were members. Released on October 10, 1966, the single was an immediate critical and commercial hit, topping record charts in several countries including the US and UK. Characterized by its complex soundscapes, episodic structure and subversions of pop music formula, it was the costliest single ever recorded at the time of its release. \\\"Good Vibrations\\\" later became widely acclaimed as one of the finest and most important works of the rock era. Also\",\n \"Autumn Almanac \\\"Autumn Almanac\\\" is a song written by Ray Davies and recorded by the rock group the Kinks in 1967. \\\"Autumn Almanac\\\" has since been noted for being an \\\"absolute classic\\\", \\\"a finely observed slice of English custom\\\", and a \\\"weird character study\\\", and praised for its \\\"mellow, melodic sound that was to characterize the Kinks' next [musical] phase...\\\" Some have placed this and other Davies compositions in the pastoral-Romantic tradition of the poetry of Wordsworth, among others. In his 1995 autobiography \\\"X-Ray\\\" and in subsequent performances of his \\\"VH1 Storytellers\\\" effort, Davies described the song as being inspired\",\n \"Powderworks, in November 1978. The band built a dedicated fan base, initially restricted to Sydney, which was extended to other Australian cities through constant touring – performing some 200 gigs in their first year. They became known for their furious live performances, which featured the two guitarists Moginie and Rotsey, the drumming and backing vocals of Hirst and the presence of the towering, bald Garrett as lead singer. The first album had disappointed some critics as it did not capture their powerful live performances, with undemanding playing and Garrett’s vocals sounding stilted. In October 1979 \\\"Head Injuries\\\" was released on\",\n \"Black Hole Sun \\\"Black Hole Sun\\\" is a song by the American rock band Soundgarden. Written by frontman Chris Cornell, the song was released in 1994 as the third single from the band's fourth studio album \\\"Superunknown\\\" (1994). It is arguably the band's most recognizable and most popular song, and remains a well known song from the 1990s. The song topped the \\\"Billboard\\\" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, where it spent a total of seven weeks at number one. Despite peaking at number two on the Modern Rock Tracks, \\\"Black Hole Sun\\\" still finished as the number-one track of 1994 for\",\n \"Gold Star Records One More\\\", \\\"Yearning\\\", \\\"Too Much Water\\\" and \\\"Don't Stop the Music\\\", all during 1956 and 1957. The Big Bopper's hit \\\"Chantilly Lace\\\" was released in 1958, whilst Johnny Preston's \\\"Running Bear\\\", James O'Gwynn's \\\"Talk to Me Lonesome Heart\\\" and Eddie Noack's \\\"Have Blues Will Travel\\\" / \\\"The Price of Love\\\" followed in 1959. Willie Nelson's first two songwriting hits were \\\"Family Bible\\\", written for Claude Gray, and the 1960 release, \\\"Night Life\\\", recorded by Ray Price. The early 1960s saw the beginnings of the psychedelic Texas rock era, particularly with the release of Sir Douglas Quintet's hit song \\\"She's About\",\n \"book's most famous passages in the essay \\\"The 'Me' Decade and the Third Great Awakening\\\", exemplifying his style of description, Wolfe called Jimmy Carter a \\\"Missionary lectern-pounding Amen ten-finger C-major-chord Sister-Martha-at-the-Yamaha-keyboard loblolly piney-woods Baptist.\\\" The 12 pieces in the book are divided into four sections as follows: Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine is a 1976 book by Tom Wolfe, consisting of eleven essays and one short story that Wolfe wrote between 1967 and 1976. It includes the essay in which he coined the term \\\"the 'Me' Decade\\\" to refer to the\",\n \"The Lonesome Road \\\"The Lonesome Road\\\" is a 1927 song with music by Nathaniel Shilkret and lyrics by Gene Austin, alternately titled \\\"Lonesome Road\\\", \\\"Look Down that Lonesome Road\\\" and \\\"Lonesome Road Blues.\\\" It was written in the style of an African-American folk song. The lyricist and composer were both extremely popular recording artists. Gene Austin estimated he sold 80 million records, and Nathaniel Shilkret's son estimated his father sold 50 million records. Joel Whitburn lists recordings by Austin, Bing Crosby, Ted Lewis, and Shilkret (see list of recordings below) as being \\\"charted\\\" at Numbers 10, 12, 3 and 10,\",\n \"Coast of High Barbaree The \\\"Coast of High Barbary\\\" is a traditional song which was popular among British and American sailors. It is most frequently sung as a ballad but can also be a sea shanty. It tells of a sailing ship that came across a pirate ship off the Barbary Coast and defeated the pirates, who were left to drown. An earlier version of the ballad is found in the Stationers’ Register for January 14, 1595 and tells the story of two merchant ships, the George Aloe and the Sweepstake, both sailing to Safee. While the George Aloe was\",\n \"Plain White T's Plain White T's (read as \\\"plain white tees\\\") are an American rock band from Lombard, Illinois, formed in 1997 by high school friends Tom Higgenson, Dave Tirio and Ken Fletcher. They were joined a short time later by Steve Mast. The group had a mostly underground following in Chicago basements, clubs and bars in its early years. The band is best known in the U.S. for the number-one hit song \\\"Hey There Delilah\\\", which achieved platinum status in 2007 and earned two Grammy nominations, as well as \\\"1234\\\" and \\\"Rhythm of Love\\\", which were certified platinum in\",\n \"used as incidental music in the film \\\"The Big Sleep\\\" and has become a pop standard, recorded by many artists. I Guess I'll Have to Change My Plan \\\"I Guess I'll Have to Change My Plan\\\" is a popular song. The music was written by Arthur Schwartz; the lyrics by Howard Dietz. The song was published in 1929. The song originated at Brant Lake Camp in the Adirondacks where Schwartz was a music counselor. The original title of the song was \\\"I Love to Lie Awake in Bed.\\\" The lyrics are as follows: I love to lie awake in bed\",\n \"Hard Times Come Again No More \\\"Hard Times Come Again No More\\\" (sometimes, \\\"Hard Times\\\") is an American parlor song written by Stephen Foster. It was published in New York by Firth, Pond & Co. in 1854 as Foster's Melodies No. 28. Well-known and popular in its day, both in America and Europe, the song asks the fortunate to consider the plight of the less fortunate and ends with one of Foster's favorite images: \\\"a pale drooping maiden\\\". The first audio recording was a wax cylinder by the Edison Manufacturing Company (Edison Gold Moulded 9120) in 1905. It has been\",\n \"with Phil Napoleon in 1946 and with Miff Mole in 1958. As a songwriter, Signorelli composed \\\"I'll Never Be The Same\\\" (initially called \\\"Little Buttercup\\\" by Joe Venuti's Blue Four), \\\"Gypsy\\\", recorded by Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra, \\\"Caprice Futuristic\\\", \\\"Evening\\\", \\\"Anything\\\", \\\"Bass Ale Blues\\\", \\\"Great White Way Blues\\\", \\\"Park Avenue Fantasy\\\", \\\"Sioux City Sue\\\" (1924), \\\"Shufflin' Mose\\\", \\\"Stairway to the Stars\\\", and \\\"A Blues Serenade\\\", recorded by Signorelli in 1926, Glenn Miller and his Orchestra in 1935 and Duke Ellington's version in 1938. On December 9, 1975, Signorelli died in New York City. Frank Signorelli Frank Signorelli (May 24,\",\n \"Hound Dog (song) time\\\". Over the years \\\"Hound Dog\\\" \\\"has been the subject of an inordinate number of lawsuits\\\", and \\\"would eventually become one of the most litigated songs in recorded music history\\\". On September 9, 1952, the copyright application for \\\"Hound Dog\\\" was lodged. On the application the words & music are attributed to Don Deadric Robey & Willie Mae Thornton, with the copyright claimants listed as: \\\"Murphy L. Robey (W) & Willie Mae Thornton (A). It was renewed subsequently on May 13, 1980, with the same details. By the end of 1953 at least six \\\"answer songs\\\" that responded to 'Big\",\n \"Howie Richmond both pseudonyms used by Richmond, though Pete Seeger later claimed that its tune was derived from a traditional Irish melody, modified by Lead Belly, with new lyrics by Seeger and Lee Hays. Similar concerns over authorship have also been expressed in relation to \\\"The Lion Sleeps Tonight\\\", otherwise known as \\\"Wimoweh\\\", on which \\\"Paul Campbell\\\" is credited as co-writer. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, many of the pop songs published by Richmond found success. These included \\\"I Believe\\\", \\\"Fly Me to the Moon\\\", \\\"As Long As He Needs Me\\\", \\\"What Kind of Fool Am I?\\\", and \\\"Those Were the Days\\\",\",\n \"Ras Shorty I Shorty was the first to really define his music and with \\\"Indrani\\\" in 1973 and \\\"Endless Vibration\\\" (not just the song but the entire album) in 1975, calypso music really took off in another direction. On 30 August 1977 Shorty's friend and collaborator Maestro (Cecil Hume) died in an accident in Trinidad and his loss was felt by Shorty, who penned \\\"Higher World\\\" as a tribute. In Dominica, Shorty had attended an Exile One performance of cadence-lypso, and collaborated with Dominica's 1969 Calypso King, Lord Tokyo, and two calypso lyricists, Chris Seraphine and Pat Aaron, in the early 1970s, who\",\n \"over this eight-year span, including Joe Satriani, Aldo Nova, and Doors guitarist Robby Krieger, but some band members were barely involved in the recording process. Thus, \\\"Imaginos\\\" is often considered more as a project of producer and lyricist Sandy Pearlman than as a true album of the band. \\\"Imaginos\\\" weaves scripts and poems by Pearlman, dating from the second half of the 1960s, into a concept album and rock opera about an alien conspiracy that is brought to fruition during the late 19th and early 20th century through the actions of Imaginos, an agent of evil. The tale combines elements\",\n \"Bad Company Bad Company are an English hard rock supergroup formed in Westminster, London, in 1973 by two former Free band members—singer Paul Rodgers and drummer Simon Kirke— as well as Mott the Hoople guitarist Mick Ralphs and King Crimson bassist Boz Burrell. Peter Grant, who managed the rock band Led Zeppelin, also managed Bad Company until 1982. Bad Company enjoyed great success throughout the 1970s. Their first three albums, \\\"Bad Company\\\" (1974), \\\"Straight Shooter\\\" (1975), and \\\"Run With the Pack\\\" (1976), reached the top five in the album charts in both the UK and US. Many of their singles,\",\n \"Willie Stein Willie Stein was an American television producer and songwriter. In 1950, Stein and Milton DeLugg cowrote the song \\\"Orange Colored Sky\\\", which became a hit for Nat King Cole, and later his daughter Natalie. Among his television productions were \\\"To Tell the Truth\\\", \\\"Sale of the Century\\\", \\\"Spin-Off\\\", \\\"The $128,000 Question\\\" and \\\"The David Letterman Show\\\", the NBC daytime series. In 1979, he was the producer of \\\"Say Powww\\\", TV's original interactive game show, directed by Sidney M. Cohen in Los Angeles. They later co-created \\\"Thrill of a Lifetime\\\", one of TV's first reality shows. Together with veteran\",\n \"1984 (song) \\\"1984\\\" is a 1974 single by David Bowie, from his album \\\"Diamond Dogs\\\". Written in 1973, it was inspired by George Orwell's \\\"Nineteen Eighty-Four\\\" and, like much of its parent album, originally intended for a stage musical based on the novel, which was never produced because permission was refused by Orwell's widow Sonia. The centrepiece of Side Two of the original vinyl album, in the context of Bowie's adaptation of Orwell's story, \\\"1984\\\" has been interpreted as representing Winston Smith's imprisonment and interrogation by O'Brien. The lyrics also bear some similarities to Bowie's earlier song \\\"All the Madmen\\\",\",\n \"Woody Guthrie a house made of clay and earth to withstand the Dust Bowl's brutal weather. He could not get it published. It was published posthumously in 2013, by Harper, under actor Johnny Depp's publishing imprint, Infinitum Nihil. In 1949, Guthrie's music was used in the documentary film \\\"Columbia River\\\", which explored government dams and hydroelectric projects on the river. Guthrie had been commissioned by the US Bonneville Power Administration in 1941 to write songs for the project, but it had been postponed by World War II. The years immediately after the war when he lived on Mermaid Avenue were among Guthrie's\",\n \"John Gillespie Magee Jr. used part of \\\"High Flight\\\" in a speech written by Peggy Noonan on the night after the Challenger disaster on January 28, 1986. At RAF Scampton in Lincolnshire, a memorial to Red Arrows pilots, Flight Lieutenants Jon Egging, killed on 20 August 2011, and Sean Cunningham, killed on 8 November 2011, bears an interpretation of the poem on a brass plaque atop a wooden plinth in front of a gate guardian aircraft outside the RAF Aerobatics Team hangar. The plaque reads \\\"...they have slipped the surly bonds of Earth / Put out their hands and touched the face of God...\",\n \"the Barbeque\\\". His debut album \\\"Illmatic\\\" (1994) received universal acclaim from both critics and the hip-hop community and is frequently ranked as one of the greatest hip-hop albums of all time. Nas's follow-up \\\"It Was Written\\\" debuted at #1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, stayed on top for four consecutive weeks, went Double Platinum in two months, and made Nas internationally known. From 2001 to 2005, Nas was involved in a highly publicized feud with Jay-Z, popularized by the diss track \\\"Ether\\\". Nas signed to Def Jam in 2006. In 2010, he released \\\"Distant Relatives\\\", a collaboration album with Damian Marley,\",\n \"Manhattan Serenade \\\"Manhattan Serenade\\\" was composed by Louis Alter in 1928, with lyrics by Howard Johnson. Alternate lyrics were written ca. 1942 by Harold Adamson. It was a hit record for swing era bandleaders Harry James (vocals by Helen Forrest) and Tommy Dorsey (vocals by Jo Stafford). The song may be most familiar as the title theme of \\\"My Man Godfrey\\\", and as the music orchestrating Corleone Family \\\"consigliere\\\" Tom Hagen's flight to Los Angeles in the 1972 classic \\\"The Godfather\\\". Scott Bradley based his score for \\\"Mouse in Manhattan\\\" (a Tom and Jerry cartoon released in 1945) on this\",\n \"Ken Boothe Stoller rhythm and blues version of the 1920s blues standard, \\\"Kansas City Blues\\\", written by E L Bowman and notably performed by Jim Jackson in 1927. Stranger Cole, who was an established artist and neighbor to Boothe, had already worked with Boothe on the Sir Percy sound system as well as recording two songs for independent producer Sir Mike though Boothe's major breakthrough came in 1963 after Cole arranged an audition at Duke Reid's studio. The audition with Cole and Boothe performing the song \\\"Unos Dos Tres\\\" was a success and Boothe and Cole formed the duo 'Stranger & Ken'\",\n \"David Freiberg as \\\"essentially a back-up musician\\\" in Jefferson Starship, Freiberg notably served as the primary composer of \\\"Jane.\\\" According to \\\"Rolling Stone\\\", after Balin and Slick left the band, Freiburg's contribution of the track \\\"Jane,\\\" about an old girlfriend, \\\"was instrumental in moving them into a more commercial, harder-rock direction.\\\" The track became Jefferson Starship's first hit. \\\"Jane\\\" was a #14 hit for the group in 1979 at a crucial juncture immediately following the departures of Slick and Balin and the integration of Mickey Thomas. It has since been prominently showcased in the 2009 video game \\\"\\\" and as the opening\",\n \"also recorded by Ruth Olay and Petula Clark. Lucky Day (1926 song) \\\"Lucky Day\\\" is a 1926 song by written by Buddy DeSylva, Lew Brown, and Ray Henderson. The song has been covered by numerous artists. The song was originally by Henderson, De Sylva and Brown for George White's \\\"Scandals\\\" of 1926, along with \\\"The Birth of the Blues\\\". The song was first performed in 1926 by Harry Richman and chorus. In the 1940s, the song was used as a theme for the NBC radio program \\\"Your Hit Parade\\\", which was sponsored by Lucky Strike cigarettes. It was recorded in\",\n \"inscription changed. Blake was reported to have said this on his birthday in 1979, but it has been attributed to others, including Adolph Zukor, Mae West, and Mickey Mantle. The quotation appeared in print at least as early as 1966, when it was attributed to an anonymous 90-year-old golf caddie. Eubie Blake James Hubert Blake (February 7, 1887February 12, 1983), known as Eubie Blake, was an American composer, lyricist, and pianist of ragtime, jazz, and popular music. In 1921, he and his long-time collaborator Noble Sissle wrote \\\"Shuffle Along\\\", one of the first Broadway musicals to be written and directed\",\n \"Rawhide (TV series) between seasons. After the first season of 22 episodes, seasons 2–7 were each 30 episodes. Often, the only way the lead actors could get a break was if they were said to be off on business. On rare occasions, the show would feature a small number of the actors and some misfortune, maybe in a town, which would give the others time off. Eric Fleming drowned at the age of 41 when a canoe flipped over on location while filming the movie \\\"High Jungle\\\" in 1966. The theme song's lyrics were written by Ned Washington in 1958. It was composed\",\n \"Summertime (George Gershwin song) century\\\". Composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim has characterized Heyward's lyrics for \\\"Summertime\\\" and \\\"My Man's Gone Now\\\" as \\\"the best lyrics in the musical theater\\\". Gershwin began composing the song in December 1933, attempting to create his own spiritual in the style of the African American folk music of the period. Gershwin had completed setting DuBose Heyward's poem to music by February 1934, and spent the next 20 months completing and orchestrating the score of the opera. The song is sung several times throughout \\\"Porgy and Bess\\\". Its lyrics are the first words heard in act 1 of the opera,\",\n \"Arkells Arkells are a Canadian rock band, formed in Hamilton, Ontario. In 2006, they signed with Dine Alone Records, and have since signed with Universal Records Canada and Last Gang Records. They are managed by Last Gang Management. They have released five albums, two EPs and a number of singles that have charted in Canada. The band has won multiple Juno Awards, including one for their album \\\"High Noon\\\" in 2015. The band is named after Arkell Street in the Westdale neighbourhood of Hamilton, near McMaster University, where they lived and would practice their music. All five original band members\",\n \"The Long, Hot Summer role, Warner Brothers loaned Newman to 20th Century Fox. The production was marked by conflicts between Welles and Ritt, which drew media attention. The music score was composed by Alex North, and the title song, \\\"The Long Hot Summer\\\", written by North and Sammy Cahn, was performed by Jimmie Rodgers. The film was well received by critics but did not score significant results at the box office. Its critical success revitalized the career of Ritt, who had been blacklisted during most of the 1950s. Newman won the Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival. Ben Quick is on trial,\",\n \"Phil Boutelje always receiving credit for his contributions. However, during his career he received two Academy Award nominations for his film contributions (in 1939 for \\\"The Great Victor Herbert\\\", with Arthur Lange, and in 1943 for \\\"Hi Diddle Diddle\\\"). Boutelje became a member of ASCAP in 1930. His chief musical collaborators included Ned Washington, Dick Winfree, Harry Tobias, Rubey Cowan, Foster Carling and Al Dubin. His song compositions include \\\"China Boy\\\", \\\"Blue Dawn\\\", \\\"Star of Hope\\\", \\\"Little Doll\\\", \\\"The Man With the Big Sombrero\\\", \\\"Teton Mountain Stomp\\\", \\\"I Loved You Too Little\\\", \\\"I Love You, Believe Me I Love You\\\", \\\"Hippy Happy\",\n \"Midnight Sun (Lionel Hampton and Sonny Burke song) \\\"Midnight Sun\\\" (1954) was originally an instrumental composed by Lionel Hampton and Sonny Burke in 1947 and is now considered a jazz standard. Subsequently, Johnny Mercer wrote the words to the song. One famous recording of the song with the Mercer lyrics is by Ella Fitzgerald on her 1957 album \\\"Like Someone in Love\\\". Fitzgerald recorded the song again for her 1964 album \\\"Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Johnny Mercer Songbook\\\". She recorded it for a third time in 1975 with jazz pianist Oscar Peterson on the Pablo release \\\"Ella and Oscar\\\". According\",\n \"song became a hit, and the song has been recorded by many artists since then. Frankie Laine's 1946 version was featured in the 2011 video game \\\"L.A. Noire\\\", as part of the in-game radio station, K.T.I. Radio. The song is also featured in the prologue of Ralph Ellison's novel \\\"Invisible Man\\\" (1952) as its protagonist, while hiding underground, listens to the song being played very loudly and descends into a dream regarding \\\"the blackness of Blackness,\\\" all after smoking a marijuana cigarette. Black and Blue (Fats Waller song) \\\"(What Did I Do to Be So) Black and Blue\\\" is a\",\n \"Frenesi \\\"Frenesí\\\" is a musical piece originally composed by Alberto Domínguez for the marimba, and adapted as a jazz standard by Leonard Whitcup and others. The word \\\"frenesí\\\" is Spanish for \\\"frenzy\\\". A hit version recorded by Artie Shaw (with an arrangement by William Grant Still) reached number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" pop chart on December 21, 1940. and was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1982. The Shaw recording was used in the soundtrack of the 1980 film \\\"Raging Bull\\\". Other performers who have recorded the song include Les Brown, Dave Brubeck, Betty Carter, June Christy, Betty\",\n \"At Seventeen \\\"At Seventeen\\\", also known as \\\"At 17\\\", is a song by American singer-songwriter Janis Ian from her seventh studio album \\\"Between the Lines\\\". Columbia released it in August 1975 as the album's second single. Ian wrote the lyrics based on a \\\"The New York Times\\\" article with a samba instrumental. Brooks Arthur produced the final version. A soft rock ballad, the song is about a social outcast in high school. Critics have regarded \\\"At Seventeen\\\" as a type of anthem. Despite her initial reluctance to sing the single live, Ian promoted it through various performances. The song has\",\n \"Billy Gibbons William Frederick Gibbons (born December 16, 1949) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and actor, best known as the guitarist and lead singer of American rock band ZZ Top. He began his career in the Moving Sidewalks, who recorded \\\"Flash\\\" (1968) and opened four dates for the Jimi Hendrix Experience. Gibbons formed ZZ Top in late 1969 and released \\\"ZZ Top's First Album\\\" in 1971. Gibbons has made appearances with other artists and acted on television shows, most notably \\\"Bones\\\". He was ranked at number 32 on the 2011 \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" list of the 100 Greatest\",\n \"band The Maytones, and the UK reggae band Greyhound. Robinson's late works included a concerto for banjo, as well as a piano concerto entitled \\\"The New Human\\\". His cantata \\\"Preamble to Peace\\\", based on the preamble to the United Nations Charter, was first performed in October 1960 by the Greater Trenton Symphony Orchestra and a chorus, with Eleanor Roosevelt in attendance; it was also performed by the Elisabeth Irwin High School Chorus and the Greenwich Village Orchestra. He was killed at the age of 81 in a car accident in his hometown of Seattle in 1991. Earl Robinson Earl Hawley\",\n \"Allen Toussaint record when on leave. After his discharge in 1965, he joined forces with Marshall Sehorn<ref name=\\\"Ankeny (Toussaint/Seahorn)\\\"></ref> to form Sansu Enterprises, which included a record label, Sansu, variously known as Tou-Sea, Deesu, or Kansu, and recorded Lee Dorsey, Chris Kenner, Betty Harris, and others. Dorsey had hits with several of Toussaint's songs, including \\\"Ride Your Pony\\\" (1965), \\\"Working in the Coal Mine\\\" (1966), and \\\"Holy Cow\\\" (1966). The core players of the rhythm section used on many of the Sansu recordings from the mid- to late 1960s, Art Neville and the Sounds, consisted of Art Neville on keyboards, Leo Nocentelli\",\n \"become a traditional jazz standard. Berl Olswanger and the Berl Olswanger Orchestra included its instrumental version on their album \\\"Berl Olswanger Orchestra with the Olswanger Beat\\\" (1964). I Wonder Where My Easy Rider's Gone \\\"I Wonder Where My Easy Rider's Gone?\\\" is a ragtime/blues song written by Shelton Brooks in 1913. Sometimes categorized as hokum, it led to an answer song written in 1915 by W.C. Handy, \\\"Yellow Dog Rag\\\", later titled \\\"Yellow Dog Blues\\\". Lines and melody from both songs show up in the 1920s and 1930s in such songs as \\\"E. Z. Rider\\\", \\\"See See Rider\\\", \\\"C. C.\",\n \"song comes from a dream his drummer Andy Newmark had. The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking (song) \\\"5:01 AM (The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking, Part 10)\\\", is a song written and performed by Roger Waters from his debut studio album, \\\"The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking\\\". It was released worldwide on 9 April 1984. Its meaning consists of the lasting memories of the main character, Reg, and displays the benefits and problems associated with his hitch hiking, figuratively and metaphorically. During the song, Waters mentions such popular icons as Dick Tracy, Shane and Yoko Ono. Roger\",\n \"Jana Gana Mana \\\"Jana Gana Mana\\\" () is the national anthem of India. It was originally composed as Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata in Bengali by poet Rabindranath Tagore. The first stanza of the song Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India as the National Anthem on 24 January 1950. A formal rendition of the national anthem takes approximately fifty-two seconds. A shortened version consisting of the first and last lines (and taking about 20 seconds to play) is also staged occasionally. It was first publicly sung on 27 December 1911 at the Calcutta (now, Kolkata) Session of\",\n \"ten. After eleven years with Vanguard, Baez decided in 1971 to cut ties with the label that had released her albums since 1960. She delivered them one last success with the gold-selling album \\\"Blessed Are...\\\" (1971) which included a top-ten hit in \\\"The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down\\\", her cover of The Band's signature song. With \\\"Come from the Shadows\\\" (1972), Baez switched to A&M Records, where she remained for four years and six albums. Joan Baez wrote \\\"The Story of Bangladesh\\\" in 1971. This song was based on the Pakistani army crackdown on unarmed sleeping Bengali students at\",\n \"between drummer Steve Huston singing the first two lines of the verses and lead vocalist John Schlitt on the remainder of the song. Both the last line of each verse and the choruses feature multi-part vocal harmonies sung by all the members of the band. The song was featured in the 1993 film \\\"Dazed and Confused\\\", and later in the 2005 film \\\"Sahara\\\". Never Been Any Reason \\\"Never Been Any Reason\\\" is the first track on Head East's début album \\\"Flat as a Pancake\\\", composed by the band's guitarist, Mike Somerville. It is often considered Head East's signature song, peaking\",\n \"a bass guitar). The mellotron, played by Pinder, produced many string and horn embellishments. Having already experimented with spoken word interludes on \\\"Morning Glory\\\" and \\\"Late Lament\\\" on \\\"Days of Future Passed\\\", the group tried the practice again on the Graeme Edge-penned pieces \\\"Departure\\\" and \\\"The Word.\\\" The latter was recited by Pinder, who was the primary reciter of Edge's poems on this and other Moody Blues albums. \\\"Departure,\\\" which escalates from mumbling to hysterical laughter, is a rare studio example of Edge reciting his own words. \\\"In Search of the Lost Chord\\\" was released on 26 July 1968. It\",\n \"Like a Rolling Stone No. 1 in their \\\"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\\\" list. The song has been covered by numerous artists, from The Jimi Hendrix Experience and The Rolling Stones to The Wailers and Green Day. At an auction in 2014, Dylan's handwritten lyrics to the song fetched $2 million, a world record for a popular music manuscript. In the spring of 1965, after returning from the tour of England documented in the film \\\"Dont Look Back\\\", Dylan was unhappy with the public's expectations of him, as well as the direction his career was taking, and seriously considered quitting the music business.\",\n \"hit record \\\"Long Gone\\\" in 1948, and on its follow-up, \\\"Late Freight\\\", credited to the Sonny Thompson Quintet featuring Eddie Chamblee. Both records reached no. 1 on the national \\\"Billboard\\\" R&B chart. Two follow-up records, \\\"Blue Dreams\\\" and \\\"Back Street\\\", also made the R&B chart in 1949. From 1947, he led his own band in Chicago clubs, as well as continuing to record with Thompson and on other sessions in Chicago, including The Four Blazes' no. 1 R&B hit \\\"Mary Jo\\\" in 1952. In 1954 he joined Lionel Hampton's band for two years, touring in Europe, before returning to lead\",\n \"is borne out more than ever by the fact that \\\"Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians\\\" contains no article about him. Nonetheless, his Sarabande in G minor remains a standard teaching piece for intermediate violinists and violists. Carl Bohm Carl Bohm (also known as Carl Bohm, Henry Cooper [pseudonym] and Karl Bohm) (11 September 1844 – 4 April 1920) was a German pianist and composer. Bohm is regarded as one of the leading German songwriters of the 19th century, and wrote such works as \\\"Still as the Night\\\", \\\"Twilight\\\", \\\"May Bells\\\", \\\"Enfant Cheri\\\" and \\\"The Fountain\\\". The \\\"Oxford Companion to\",\n \"Harry Brooks (composer) Harry Brooks (September 20, 1895 – June 22, 1970) was an American writer of popular songs, jazz pianist and composer in the 1920s to the early 1950s. Brooks was born in Homestead, Pennsylvania, USA. After graduating from his hometown high school in 1914, he worked as a pianist with Pittsburgh bands (dance orchestras) and then as a staff composer for a publishing company. He is recalled mostly in the 21st century for his work with his friends Thomas \\\"Fats\\\" Waller and the lyricist Andy Razaf. Brooks was the composer of several hit songs including his composition \\\"Ain't\",\n \"Almanac Singers Civil War Loyalists at the Jade Mountain restaurant in New York City. According to a 1965 interview with Lee Hays by Richard Reuss, Seeger, Hays, and Lampell sang at an American Youth Congress held at Turner's Arena in Washington, D.C., in February 1941, at which sponsors had requested songs constructed around the slogan \\\"Don't Lend or Lease our Bases\\\" and \\\"Jim Crow must Go\\\". Shortly after this, they decided to call themselves the Almanacs. They chose the name because Lee Hays had said that back home in Arkansas farmers had only two books in their houses: the Bible, to guide\",\n \"Jose performed backing vocals on \\\"Empty City\\\". The album also featured more songwriting credits than its predecessor, with band members Danny Bowes, Ben Matthews and Gary \\\"Harry\\\" James, as well as producer Taylor, all joining Morley on a number of songs. \\\"The Moment of Truth\\\" is the only Thunder song written without Morley, who jokingly recalls that \\\"Obviously, the trauma of writing together was enough to stop them doing it again!\\\" \\\"Low Life in High Places\\\" was released as the first single from \\\"Laughing on Judgement Day\\\" on 3 August 1992, accompanied by a music video filmed in June \\\"on\",\n \"(for over a million US sales) by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 1969. It was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1998. It was placed in the National Recording Registry, a list of sound recordings that \\\"are culturally, historically, or aesthetically important, and/or inform or reflect life in the United States\\\", in 2005. In June 1956, Holly, Allison and Sonny Curtis went to see the movie \\\"The Searchers\\\", starring John Wayne, in which Wayne repeatedly used the phrase \\\"that'll be the day\\\". This line of dialogue inspired the young musicians. The song was first recorded\",\n \"was part of the concert bill for Benny Goodman's famous 1938 concert at Carnegie Hall. It was also the last number ever recorded by Earl Hines, in 1981 after a 58-year recording career. Al Hirt released a version on his 1961 album \\\"He's the King and His Band\\\". Rush drummer Neil Peart included \\\"One O'Clock Jump\\\" in his drum solos on the band's concert tours in 2002 and 2004. One O'Clock Jump \\\"One O'Clock Jump\\\" is a jazz standard, a 12-bar blues instrumental, written by Count Basie in 1937. The melody derived from band members' riffs--Basie rarely wrote down musical\",\n \"Booker T. Jones on guitar, Booker T. and the MGs featured Lewie Steinberg on bass guitar and Al Jackson, Jr. on drums (Donald \\\"Duck\\\" Dunn eventually replacing Steinberg). While still in high school, Jones co-wrote the group's classic instrumental \\\"Green Onions,\\\" which was a massive hit in 1962. Bob Altshuler wrote the sleeve notes on the first Booker T. & the M.G.'s album \\\"Green Onions\\\" released by Stax Records in 1962: Over the next few years, Jones divided his time between studying classical music composition, composing and transposition at Indiana University, playing with the MGs on the weekends back in Memphis, serving as\",\n \"film scripted by Shane and Howard J. Green from a story by Joseph Hoffman. Produced by Irvin Atkins for Radio Creators, \\\"High Explosive\\\" aired January 15, 1945, with music by Gregory Stone. It was introduced by host William Gargan and announcer Art Baker with a commentary by Shane in the middle of the show. Best known in the 1940s for his \\\"Big Town\\\" screenplays and radio scripts, Shane later scripted \\\"City Across the River\\\", the 1949 film of Irving Shulman's \\\"The Amboy Dukes\\\", and he was a writer-producer for TV's \\\"Thriller\\\" (1960-62). Action (radio) Action (aka Action Theater) was a\",\n \"by Johnny Cash. Bascom Lamar Lunsford recorded both songs in 1949 for the Library of Congress. Charles Guiteau (song) \\\"Charles Guiteau\\\" (LAWS E11) Roud 444 is a traditional song about the assassination of US President James A. Garfield by Charles J. Guiteau. It is based on another old ballad, \\\"James A. Rogers\\\". The song is told from the point of view of the assassin himself. For a while, it was believed that Guiteau wrote the song himself, possibly because of the poem \\\"I am Going to the Lordy\\\", which Guiteau actually did write on the day of his execution. It\",\n \"Harlem Hamfats Western swing bands, and, Howlin' Wolf. Some of their other recordings, such as \\\"We Gonna Pitch a Boogie Woogie\\\", more clearly presage the rhythms of rock and roll. Their most recognizable work may be the modern jazz tune \\\"Why Don't You Do Right?\\\", written by Joe McCoy and included on their 1936 record under the title \\\"The Weed Smoker's Dream\\\". The song contains numerous references to drugs. The lyrics were later changed and the tune refined. Lil Green recorded it as \\\"Why Don't You Do Right\\\", a song about a conniving mistress and her broke lover, in 1941, and it\",\n \"The Cisco Kid (song) \\\"The Cisco Kid\\\" is a song performed by War, and written by Thomas Allen, B. B. Dickerson, Harold Brown, and Charles Miller, all members of War at the time. It is the first song on their 1972 album \\\"The World Is a Ghetto\\\", and is the group's highest-charting song. The song describes the adventures of Cisco and Pancho, two cowboys from the 1950s TV program \\\"The Cisco Kid\\\". The song is known for having a different sequence of notes following each line. A distinct four-note phrase played by saxophone, harmonica, and flute punctuates the end of\",\n \"The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll was quoted saying, \\\"Nobody treats his niggers as well as Billy does around here.\\\" Zantzinger was convicted of manslaughter on August 28, 1963, and was not tried by a jury of peers but by a panel of three judges. The sentence was handed down on the same day that Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his \\\"I Have a Dream\\\" speech in Washington. Bob Dylan, aged 22 at that time, was one of the celebrities at the march and on the journey home to New York City he read about the conviction of Zantzinger and decided to write a protest song\",\n \"his album \\\"North Star Deserter\\\". The song references Stevens's poem \\\"Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird\\\". \\\"The Bird with the Coppery, Keen Claws\\\" During his lifetime, Stevens received numerous awards in recognition of his work, including: Wallace Stevens Wallace Stevens (October 2, 1879 – August 2, 1955) was an American modernist poet. He was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, educated at Harvard and then New York Law School, and he spent most of his life working as an executive for an insurance company in Hartford, Connecticut. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for his \\\"Collected Poems\\\" in 1955. Stevens'\",\n \"movies: \\\"The Chump Champ\\\" (1950), \\\"Little 'Tinker\\\" (1948), \\\"Red Hot Riding Hood\\\" (1943), \\\"Sufferin' Cats\\\" (1943), \\\"Design for Scandal\\\" (1941), \\\"Strike Up the Band\\\" (1940), and \\\"Westward Passage\\\" (1932). \\\"I've Waited So Long\\\" was composed with Irving Bibo and Howard Johnson and copyrighted in 1920. Whiteman also arranged the song. \\\"How I Miss You Mammy, No One Knows\\\" was composed with Billy Munro and Marcel Klauber in 1920 and arranged by Marcel Klauber. The 1924 song \\\"You're the One\\\" was composed by Paul Whiteman, Ferde Grofe, and Ben Russell in 1924 and copyrighted on February 1, 1924. He co-wrote the\",\n \"Take the High Road also sponsored the series, from August 1999 to September 2001 on Scottish and Grampian TV. The sponsorship credits revealed the adventures of one man and his dog, Doug, as they searched for the village of Glendarroch. These books were all written by Michael Elder, except for \\\"Summers Gloaming\\\", which was written by Don Houghton. There were four versions of the theme tune over the 23-year run. The first version was performed by Silly Wizard and was used until 1982. This version was quite \\\"Scottish folk band\\\" in style and pretty lively. Instruments featured included the accordion, banjo, drum kit, and\",\n \"The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll \\\"The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll\\\" is a topical song written by the American musician Bob Dylan. Recorded on October 23, 1963, the song was released on Dylan's 1964 album, \\\"The Times They Are a-Changin'\\\" and gives a generally factual account of the killing of a 51-year-old African-American barmaid, Hattie Carroll, by the 24-year-old William Devereux \\\"Billy\\\" Zantzinger (February 7, 1939 – January 3, 2009), a young man from a wealthy white tobacco farming family in Charles County, Maryland, and of his subsequent sentence to six months in a county jail, after being convicted\",\n \"the target of lawsuits following its use in the 1992 film \\\"Bad Lieutenant\\\". In 1994, Page and Plant successfully sued Home Box Office to have the song removed from televised showings of the film and Live Home Video and distributor Aries Film Releasing were ordered to destroy any unsold copies of \\\"Bad Lieutenant\\\" as part of a copyright infringement ruling. Citations References Kashmir (song) \\\"Kashmir\\\" is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin. Included on their sixth album \\\"Physical Graffiti\\\" (1975), it was written by Jimmy Page and Robert Plant (with contributions from John Bonham) over a period\",\n \"J. D. Salinger short story collection, \\\"Nine Stories\\\" (1953); a volume containing a novella and a short story, \\\"Franny\\\" and \\\"Zooey\\\" (1961); and a volume containing two novellas, \\\"Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters\\\" and \\\"\\\" (1963). His last published work, a novella entitled \\\"Hapworth 16, 1924\\\", appeared in \\\"The New Yorker\\\" on June 19, 1965. Afterward, Salinger struggled with unwanted attention, including a legal battle in the 1980s with biographer Ian Hamilton and the release in the late 1990s of memoirs written by two people close to him: Joyce Maynard, an ex-lover; and Margaret Salinger, his daughter. In 1996, a small publisher\",\n \"Sonny Okosun dancers, a trombone player, keyboardist, bass and trap drums. Towards the late 1970s, Okosun began to release a string of reggae infused Afro-pop music. His 1977 song \\\"Fire in Soweto\\\" became a major international hit and his first gold album. He was featured on the anti-apartheid album \\\"Sun City\\\", and his song \\\"Highlife\\\" was on the soundtrack of the 1986 film \\\"Something Wild\\\". He released another LP album, \\\"Power to the People\\\", followed with a tour in some Nigerian cities. He released his first American album in 1984 under Shanachie Records. His next American record, \\\"Which Way Nigeria\\\", was released\",\n \"Sixteen Tons \\\"Sixteen Tons\\\" is a song written by Merle Travis about a coal miner, based on life in coal mines in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky. Travis first recorded the song at the Radio Recorders Studio B in Hollywood, California on August 8, 1946. Cliffie Stone played bass on the recording. It was first released in July 1947 by Capitol on Travis's album \\\"Folk Songs of the Hills\\\". The song became a gold record. The line \\\"You load sixteen tons and what do you get? Another day older and deeper in debt\\\" came from a letter written by Travis's brother John.\",\n \"Jingle Bells \\\"Jingle Bells\\\" is one of the best-known and commonly sung American songs in the world. It was written by James Lord Pierpont (1822–1893) and published under the title \\\"One Horse Open Sleigh\\\" in the autumn of 1857. It has been claimed that it was originally written to be sung by a Sunday school choir; however, historians dispute this, stating that it was much too \\\"racy\\\" (and secular) to be sung by a children's church choir in the days it was written. Although originally intended for the Thanksgiving season, and having no connection to Christmas, it became associated with\",\n \"Crazy Rhythm \\\"Crazy Rhythm\\\" is a thirty-two-bar swing show tune written in 1928 by Irving Caesar, Joseph Meyer, and Roger Wolfe Kahn for the Broadway musical \\\"Here's Howe\\\". \\\"Crazy Rhythm\\\" was first recorded for Victor by Roger Wolfe Kahn and His Orchestra in New York City in April 1928 with Franklyn Baur singing the chorus: A version of the song was recorded by Whispering Jack Smith (noted for his soft, \\\"whispered\\\" delivery over the air waves); his recording became one of the most popular. It has been covered by a full range of artists from mainstream jazz to hillbilly bebop.\",\n \"to Wellville\\\"\\\" by Columbia Pictures. During the 1968 U.S. Presidential campaign; Richard Nixon's campaign saw him use part of the song (set to images of celebratory clips from the 1968 Democratic National Convention) mixed with more dissonant sounds accompanying pictures of poverty-stricken areas; soldiers wounded in Vietnam and the recent unrest; including the riots at that same Convention. There'll Be a Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight \\\"A Hot Time in the Old Town\\\" is an American popular song, copyrighted and perhaps composed in 1896 by Theodore August Metz with lyrics by Joe Hayden. Metz was the band leader\",\n \"This Is a Fix coma all those years ago. Written after a party in Beverly Hills the band attended, they were asked by Barbara Broccoli - the daughter of Albert R. Broccoli, to come up with a James Bond theme tune. The song was written to oppose the convention of being about the films hero - 007, and instead concentrates on the \\\"bad guys\\\" - because the band felt they were more interesting than the \\\"good guy\\\". In interview Frost also has noted they never intended to use the chorus because they though they were stupid, however eventually got used to them and forgot.\",\n \"Hey Joe \\\"Hey Joe\\\" is an American popular song from the 1960s that has become a rock standard and has been performed in many musical styles by hundreds of different artists. \\\"Hey Joe\\\" tells the story of a man who is on the run and planning to head to Mexico after shooting his unfaithful wife. The song was registered for copyright in the United States in 1962 by Billy Roberts. However, diverse credits and claims have led to confusion about the song's authorship. The earliest known commercial recording of the song is the late-1965 single by the Los Angeles garage\",\n \"Long, Long, Long \\\"Long, Long, Long\\\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1968 album \\\"The Beatles\\\" (also known as \\\"the White Album\\\"). It was written by George Harrison, the group's lead guitarist, while they were attending Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's Transcendental Meditation course in Rishikesh, India, in early 1968. Although Harrison later stated that he was addressing God in the lyrics, it is the first of his compositions that invites interpretation as both a standard love song and a paean to his deity. \\\"Long, Long, Long\\\" originated during a period in which Harrison emerged as\",\n \"Time\\\" was moved to the 4 to 7 PM time slot. On June 4, 2018, Jones co-led the series debut of \\\"High Noon\\\" with Pablo Torre on ESPN. Jones has served as an adjunct professor at Duke University and Elon University. Bomani Jones Bomani Babatunde Jones (born August 26, 1980) is an American sports journalist who is currently employed by ESPN. He was the co-host of \\\"Highly Questionable\\\" with Dan Le Batard, before leaving the show in June 2017 to develop his own show, \\\"High Noon.\\\" He is also a regular panelist on \\\"Around the Horn\\\". Jones also hosts \\\"The\",\n \"Indian Sunset \\\"Indian Sunset\\\" is a 1971 song, written and recorded by Elton John, with lyrics by his long-time songwriting partner, Bernie Taupin. It was from John's album \\\"Madman Across the Water\\\". The song chronicles the story of an unnamed American Indian warrior on the verge of defeat from the white man. Taupin was inspired to write the lyrics after visiting a Native American reservation. In 2004, the song was sampled in an Eminem-produced Tupac Shakur song entitled \\\"Ghetto Gospel\\\". The song contains numerous inaccuracies, most notably the line about Geronimo being shot by U.S soldiers. In reality, the Apache\",\n \"released in 1994. It reached the lower end of the charts. A remix was re-released in early 1995. It went to no 12 in the UK charts straight away and climbed from there. Later in the US, around June, it reached no. 2 in the pop chart. Following his signing to Energise Records, Sean Smith had his third single released around September 2017, \\\"Fire\\\", which was written b Charlie Mason and Daniel Volpe. It was released as an EP with remixes by Ricardo Autobahn and FNK’D UP. Energise Records Energise Records is a British independent record label established in 1993.\",\n \"Desolation Row \\\"Desolation Row\\\" is a 1965 song written and sung by Bob Dylan. It was recorded on August 4, 1965 and released as the closing track of Dylan's sixth studio album, \\\"Highway 61 Revisited\\\". It has been noted for its length (11:21) and surreal lyrics in which Dylan weaves characters from history, fiction, the Bible and his own invention into a series of vignettes that suggest entropy and urban chaos. \\\"Desolation Row\\\" is often ranked as one of Dylan's greatest compositions. Although the album version of \\\"Desolation Row\\\" is acoustic, the song was initially recorded in an electric version.\",\n \"High Water (For Charley Patton) \\\"High Water (For Charley Patton)\\\" is a song by Bob Dylan, released on his 31st studio album \\\"\\\"Love and Theft\\\"\\\" in 2001. The song draws its title from the Charley Patton song \\\"High Water Everywhere\\\", and is meant as a tribute to that bluesman. It is one of many songs based on the 1927 Louisiana flood. Other songs about the event include Memphis Minnie's \\\"When the Levee Breaks\\\" (also recorded by Dylan on his \\\"Modern Times\\\" album as \\\"The Levee's Gonna Break\\\"), and Randy Newman's \\\"Louisiana 1927\\\". The song directly quotes three classic American songs\",\n \"Music history of the United States in the 1950s Much Is That) Doggie in the Window,\\\" and \\\"Old Cape Cod.\\\" Frankie Laine's 1949 hits, \\\"That Lucky Old Sun (Just Rolls Around Heaven All Day)\\\" and \\\"Mule Train,\\\" were still riding high on the charts when the decade began. He continued to score with such hits as: \\\"Georgia On My Mind,\\\" \\\"Cry of the Wild Goose,\\\" \\\"Jezebel,\\\" \\\"Rose, Rose, I Love You,\\\" \\\"Jealousy (Jalousie),\\\" \\\"High Noon (Do Not Forsake Me),\\\" \\\"I Believe,\\\" \\\"Granada,\\\" \\\"Moonlight Gambler,\\\" and \\\"Rawhide.\\\" Johnnie Ray had a long run of hits in the early half of the decade, often backed by The Four Lads, including: \\\"Cry,\\\"\",\n \"The Word Hoard The Word Hoard was a large body of text (approximately 1000 typewriter pages) produced by author William S. Burroughs between roughly 1954 and 1958. Material from the word hoard was the basis for \\\"Naked Lunch\\\", and the \\\"Interzone\\\" collection, as well as much of \\\"The Soft Machine\\\", and minor parts of \\\"Nova Express\\\" and \\\"The Ticket That Exploded\\\". Central to the \\\"Word Hoard\\\" was the 200-page \\\"Interzone\\\" manuscript that Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac and Alan Ansen helped organise and type up in Tangier in spring 1957, and which became, with later additions, \\\"Naked Lunch\\\" in 1959. \\\"The\",\n \"his head already.\\\" Talking in the 1990s to his official biographer, Barry Miles, McCartney said that the lyrics address duality, reflecting his astrological sign of Gemini. He added: \\\"It's such a deep theme in the universe, duality – man woman, black white, ebony ivory, high low, right wrong, up down, hello goodbye – that it was a very easy song to write.\\\" McCartney also said that, in \\\"Hello, Goodbye\\\", he was promoting \\\"the more positive side of the duality\\\". Among Beatles biographers, Ian MacDonald dates the composition to late September 1967, while Bob Spitz says it was written in time\",\n \"Hazard, Kentucky incorporated by the state assembly in 1884. Long isolated by the surrounding mountains, Hazard was opened to the outside world by the arrival of the railroad in 1912. The only access to the valley had previously been 45 miles down the North Fork of the Kentucky River or a two-week trip over the surrounding mountains. The railroad brought boom times to the town, but the Great Depression saw prosperity end as quickly as it had begun. The song \\\"High Sheriff of Hazard\\\" was written by Tom Paxton in reference to a coal miner's strike in 1964. In 1981, several cast\",\n \"called Henneky's Long Bar. Fred Jarvis, a former general secretary of the National Union of Teachers, found the previously unknown poem in 2014 while going through papers belonging to his late parents-in-law who knew Thomas. The top of the poem reads \\\"This little song was written in Henneky's Long Bar High Holborn by Dylan Thomas in 1951.\\\" Orion Publishing Group planned to include the song in a new edition of collected Thomas poems in October 2014. Cittie of Yorke The Cittie of Yorke is a grade II listed public house on London's High Holborn, and is listed in CAMRA's National\",\n \"Tex Ritter made the top ten and \\\"Pecos Bill\\\" reached No. 15. In 1950, \\\"Daddy's Last Letter (Private First Class John H. McCormick)\\\" also became a hit. Ritter first toured Europe in 1952, where his appearances included a starring role in the \\\"Texas Western Spectacle\\\" at London's Harringay Arena. That same year, Ritter recorded the movie title track \\\"High Noon (Do Not Forsake Me Oh My Darlin')\\\", which became a hit. At the first televised Academy Awards ceremony in 1953, he sang \\\"High Noon\\\", which received an Oscar for Best Song that year. In 1953, he began performing on \\\"Town Hall Party\\\"\",\n \"High Noon probably intensified by pain from recent surgery to remove a bleeding ulcer. The running time of the story almost precisely parallels the running time of the film itself—an effect heightened by frequent shots of clocks, to remind the characters (and the audience) that the villain will be arriving on the noon train. The movie's theme song, \\\"Do Not Forsake Me, My Darling\\\", became a major hit on the Country-Western charts for Tex Ritter, and later, a pop hit for Frankie Laine as well. Its popularity set a precedent for theme songs that were featured in many subsequent Western films. Composer\",\n \"The Ballad of High Noon “The Ballad of High Noon” (or “Do Not Forsake Me, O My Darlin’”) is a popular song published in 1952, with music by Dimitri Tiomkin and lyrics by Ned Washington. It is the theme song of the movie \\\"High Noon\\\", sung over the opening credits by Tex Ritter, with its tune repeated throughout the film. It was awarded the 1952 Academy Award for Best Original Song, and was performed that night for the Academy by Ritter. The song is about the film's main character, Will Kane (played by Gary Cooper), and the moral dilemma of\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":780,"string":"780"}}},{"rowIdx":84,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who first described the discovery of porto santo and madeira"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["History of Madeira Madeira was the world's greatest producer of sugar. In the earliest times, fish constituted about half of the settlers' diet, together with vegetables and fruit. The first local agricultural activity with some success was the raising of wheat. Initially, the colonists produced wheat for their own sustenance but, later began to export wheat to Portugal. The discoveries of Porto Santo and Madeira were first described by Gomes Eanes de Zurara in \"Chronica da Descoberta e Conquista da Guiné\". (Eng. version by Edgar Prestage in 2 vols. issued by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1896-1899: \"The Chronicle of Discovery and Conquest of"],"string":"[\n \"History of Madeira Madeira was the world's greatest producer of sugar. In the earliest times, fish constituted about half of the settlers' diet, together with vegetables and fruit. The first local agricultural activity with some success was the raising of wheat. Initially, the colonists produced wheat for their own sustenance but, later began to export wheat to Portugal. The discoveries of Porto Santo and Madeira were first described by Gomes Eanes de Zurara in \\\"Chronica da Descoberta e Conquista da Guiné\\\". (Eng. version by Edgar Prestage in 2 vols. issued by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1896-1899: \\\"The Chronicle of Discovery and Conquest of\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["the tables to the nascent Royal Society in October 1667, which displayed them in the \"repository\" (museum) in the west gallery of Gresham College on Bishopsgate from 1674. A paper on the tables of arteries and veins was presented by William Cowper on 21 January 1701 and later printed in \"Philosophical Transactions\", with his drawings engraved by Michael van der Gucht. After a move to a new location in Crane Court, off Fleet Street, the tables were acquired by the rapidly expanding British Museum in June 1781, and then bought by the Royal College of Surgeons in 1809. Evelyn tables","Pedro Menéndez de Avilés Pedro Menéndez de Avilés Pedro Menéndez de Avilés (; 15 February 1519 – 17 September 1574) was a Spanish admiral and explorer from the region of Asturias, Spain, who is remembered for planning the first regular trans-oceanic convoys and for founding St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565. This was the first successful Spanish settlement in La Florida and the most significant city in the region for nearly three centuries. St. Augustine is the oldest continuously-inhabited, European-established settlement in the continental United States. Menéndez de Avilés was also the first governor of Florida (1565–74). Menéndez had made his career in the Spanish","History of logarithms the logarithm. Edmund Gunter of Oxford developed a calculating device with a single logarithmic scale; with additional measuring tools it could be used to multiply and divide. The first description of this scale was published in Paris in 1624 by Edmund Wingate (c.1593–1656), an English mathematician, in a book entitled \"L'usage de la reigle de proportion en l'arithmetique & geometrie\". The book contains a double scale, logarithmic on one side, tabular on the other. In 1630, William Oughtred of Cambridge invented a circular slide rule, and in 1632 combined two handheld Gunter rules to make a device that is recognizably","Columbus's letter on the first voyage the Aragonese official Luis de Santángel, the principal supporter and financial backer of Columbus's expedition. Copies of Columbus's letter were somehow picked up by publishers, and printed editions of his letter began to appear throughout Europe within weeks of Columbus's return to Spain. A Spanish version of the letter (based on the letter he sent to Luis de Santángel) was printed in Barcelona probably in late March or early April 1493. A Latin translation of the letter (addressed to Gabriel Sanchez) was printed in Rome about a month later. Within the first year of his arrival, eight more editions of","2, 1568 – was the eve of the feast of Saint Francis of Assisi, the captain named the island San Francisco. The ships were in need of water and the crew was suffering from scurvy, but after circling the island it was determined that Wake was waterless and had \"not a cocoanut nor a pandanus\" and, in fact, \"there was nothing on it but sea-birds, and sandy places covered with bushes.\" In 1796 Captain Samuel Wake of the British merchant vessel \"Prince William Henry\" also came upon Wake Island, naming the atoll for himself. Soon thereafter the 80-ton British fur","as the \"Antillia group\" or (to use Bianco's label) the \"insulae de novo rep(er)te\" (\"islands newly reported\"). In Grazioso Benincasa's 1463 atlas, the settlements on Satanazes island are named Araialis, Cansillia, Duchal, Jmada, Nam and Saluaga. Cartographic appearances of Satanazes: Significantly, the island of Satanazes is omitted on the maps of Bartolomeo Pareto (1455), Cristoforo Soligo (c. 1475) Grazioso's son Andrea Benincasa (1476) and the Nuremberg globe of Martin Behaim (1492), even though they all include Antillia and some retain \"Saya\"/\"Tanmar\". Satanazes disappears on practically all maps after Christopher Columbus's voyages of the 1490s. It was possibly transplanted (in smaller","\"moon that has set\"). On the same day, he also sighted two more islands, one that he named \"San Juan Bautista\" (\"St John the Baptist\"), and the other \"La Encarnación\" (\"the Incarnation\"). It is unclear which one was Henderson island and which one Pitcairn. The confusion was later compounded when a chart produced by Admiral José de Espinosa marked Ducie as \"La Encarnación\", rather than as \"Luna Puesta\". The island was rediscovered and named Ducie Island on 16 March 1791 by Captain Edward Edwards, of , who had been despatched from Britain in 1790 to arrest the \"Bounty\" mutineers. Edwards","Dimasaua Dimasaua, also spelled \"Dimasawa\" and \"Dimasava\", was the invented name created by 17th-century Spanish missionary Fr. Francisco Colín, S.J., pointing to a tiny isle in southern Leyte whose chief, according to Colín, \"gave the most signal service\" to Ferdinand Magellan and his crew at the port of Butuan in March–April 1521. The incident is described in a three-paragraph epitome of Magellan's sojourn in Philippine waters, part of a historical study entitled \"Labor evangelica obreros de la compañia de Jesus en las islas Filipinas\", which was published 1663 in Madrid. Colín identified his principal source for his reconstruction of the","Portuguese India which included the inland enclaves of Dadra and Nagar Haveli; and Diu. Portugal lost effective control of the enclaves of Dadra and Nagar Haveli in 1954, and finally the rest of the overseas territory in December 1961, when it was taken by India after military action. In spite of this, Portugal only recognised Indian control in 1975, after the Carnation Revolution and the fall of the Estado Novo regime. The first Portuguese encounter with the subcontinent was on 20 May 1498 when Vasco da Gama reached Calicut on Malabar Coast. Anchored off the coast of Calicut, the Portuguese invited native","It began with the capture of Ceuta (a terminus of the trans-Saharan trade route) by the Portuguese in 1415. They went on to establish further enclaves as they explored the coasts of Africa, Arabia, India and South East Asia in search of the source of the lucrative spice trade. Trading posts were also very common in the early settlements of Canada and the United States for the trade of such things as fur. They were also used in many camps across the United States as places to buy snacks, items and souvenirs. The Hudson's Bay Company set up trading posts","The Palisades (Hudson River) sq mi (2,000,000 km) with lava. Franklyn Van Houten did trailblazing research on a rock formation known as the Newark Basin. His discovery of a consistent geological pattern in which lake levels rose and fell is now known as the \"Van Houten cycle\". The Palisades appear on the first European map of the New World, made by Gerardus Mercator in 1541 based on the description given him by Giovanni da Verrazzano, who suggested they look like a \"fence of stakes\". During the early stages of the American Revolution, British military Commander Lord Cornwallis landed a force of between 2,500 and","Nicolau Coelho Nicolau Coelho (c.1460, in Felgueiras – 1502, off the coast of Mozambique) was an expert Portuguese navigator and explorer during the age of discovery. He participated in the discovery of the route to India by Vasco da Gama where he commanded Berrio, the first caravel to return; was captain of a ship in the fleet headed by Pedro Álvares Cabral who landed in Brazil. He died at sea, possibly off the coast of Mozambique, while returning from India in the 5th Portuguese Armada with Francisco de Albuquerque. Nicolau Coelho (c.1460-1502) was presumably born in Felgueiras in northern Portugal.","Estêvão da Gama (15th century) da Gama had an illegitimate son, confusingly also named Vasco da Gama, born of another woman while he was still single. Despite the Sodré's traditional attachment to the Order of Christ, the sons of Gama followed their father into the Order of Santiago. After Bartolomeu Dias doubled the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, Estêvão da Gama was appointed by John II to lead the first sea expedition from Portugal to India (at least according to chroniclers Barros and Castanheda). This expedition, however, did not materialize in the lifetime of either men. In 1491, John II attentions became embroiled in","Joseph Banks two artists, a scientific secretary, and two black servants from his estate. In 1772 he was travelling with James Cook and docked in Simons Town. There he met Christoffel Brand and a friendship started. He was the godfather of Brand's grandson Christoffel Brand. The voyage went to Brazil, where Banks made the first scientific description of a now common garden plant, bougainvillea (named after Cook's French counterpart, Louis Antoine de Bougainville), and to other parts of South America. The voyage then progressed to Tahiti (where the transit of Venus was observed, the overt purpose of the mission), to New Zealand","a US non-profit 501(c)(3) organization administered by a voluntary and unpaid team of council members and officers. Membership is open to all who have an interest in the history of geographical exploration. It publishes a semiannual journal, \"Terrae Incognitae\". The origin of the Society for the History of Discoveries (SHD) can be traced back to the summer of 1960 at an academic conference in Lisbon, Portugal, that commemorated the quincentenery of the death of Prince Henry the Navigator. American scholars John (Jack) Parker, Thomas (Thom) Goldstein, and Vsevolod (Steve) Slesarev, determined that there should be an organization in the United","the lands discovered by Christopher Columbus were not the Indies, but a new continent. In 1502 Gaspar da Gama participated in another travel to India commanded by Vasco da Gama, and again in 1505 with the recently appointed viceroy Francisco de Almeida. During these trips, he learned a few African languages. He participated in the Indian expeditions of the Portuguese who tried to conquer Hormuz in 1508 and Calicut in 1510, when some assume that he died. Others believe that he returned to Portugal where he died. Some say that his death occurred between 1510 and 1515, or even by","Portuguese Empire as they obtained a permit to build the fort \"Immanuel\" (Fort Kochi) and a trading post that were the first European settlement in India. They established a trading center at Tangasseri, Quilon (\"Coulão\", Kollam) city in (1503) in 1502, which became the centre of trade in pepper, and after founding manufactories at Cochin (\"Cochim\", Kochi) and Cannanore (\"Canonor\", Kannur), built a factory at Quilon in 1503. In 1505 King Manuel I of Portugal appointed Francisco de Almeida first Viceroy of Portuguese India, establishing the Portuguese government in the east. That year the Portuguese also conquered Kannur, where they founded St.","Pietro Coppo Pietro Coppo (1469/70 – 1555/56; ) was an Italian geographer and cartographer who wrote a description of the entire world as known in the 16th century, accompanied by a set of systematically arranged maps, one of the first rutters and also a precise description of the Istrian Peninsula, accompanied by its first regional map. Pietro Coppo was born in Venice and studied with Marcus Antonius Coccius Sabellicus. He was also deeply influenced by the \"Natural History\" by Pliny. After a number of voyages across Italy and the Mediterranean and a period of six years he spent on Crete,","Spherical Earth earth (1519–21) provided practical evidence of the global shape of the earth. The first direct demonstration of Earth's sphericity came in the form of the first circumnavigation in history, an expedition captained by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. The expedition was financed by the Spanish Crown. On August 10, 1519, the five ships under Magellan's command departed from Seville. They crossed the Atlantic Ocean, passed through what is now called the Strait of Magellan, crossed the Pacific, and arrived in Cebu, where Magellan was killed by Philippine natives in a battle. His second in command, the Spaniard Juan Sebastián Elcano, continued","Pedro Mascarenhas Mascarene Islands, after Mascarenhas. Mascarenhas served as Captain-Major of the Portuguese Malacca from 1525 to 1526. He was ambassador from Portugal to the Holy See, where he appealed to Pope Paul III for the coming of the first jesuits for the Portuguese missions in India, at request of King John III and Diogo de Gouveia. His mission ended on March 15, 1540, when he travelled back to Portugal together with Francis Xavier. He was viceroy at Goa, capital of the Portuguese possessions in Asia, from 1554 until his death in 1555, in Goa. He was succeeded as viceroy by Francisco","Early knowledge of the Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest coast of North America was one of the last coastlines reached by European explorers. In terms of sailing time from Europe, it was one of the most distant places on earth. This article covers what Europeans knew or thought they knew before the area was explored by Captain Cook in 1778. It is not clear what the Chinese and Japanese knew of the area to the north. The accuracy of the Strait of Anián story implies that they may have known something. The Spaniards sent some expeditions north from Mexico but","a compendium of noted English southern-hemisphere explorers' journals, including that of James Cook and John Byron. In this publication, drawn from their official logs, it became clear that the people Byron's expedition had encountered were no taller than , very tall but by no means giants. Interest soon subsided, although awareness of and belief in the concept persisted in some quarters even up into the 20th century. In the second half of the 18th century, European knowledge of Patagonia was further augmented by the voyages of the previously mentioned John Byron (1764–1765), Samuel Wallis (1766, in the same HMS \"Dolphin\"","Maritime history of Europe scale. Christopher Columbus set sail in the \"Santa Maria\" on what is probably history’s most well known voyage of discovery on August 3, 1492. Leaving from the town of Palos, in southern Spain, Columbus headed west. After a brief stop in the Canary Islands for provisions and repairs, he set out for Asia. He reached San Salvador first, it is believed, (easternmost of the Bahamas) in October, and then sailed past Cuba and Hispaniola, still searching for Asia. He returned home in 1493 to a hero's welcome, and within six months had 1,500 men and 17 vessels at his command.","Alexandre de Serpa Pinto and the first to lay down a reasonably accurate route between Bié (in present-day Angola) and Lealui. In 1881 the Royal Geographical Society awarded him their Founder's Medal, \"for his journey across Africa ... during which he explored five hundred miles of new country\". In 1881 Serpa Pinto published his 2-volume \"Como eu atravessei a África\", translated by Alfred Elwes and published in English as \"How I crossed Africa\". In the same year French and German translations were also published. In 1879 the Portuguese government formally claimed the area south and east of the Ruo River (which currently forms the","or Jave la Grande, was shown as a promontory of the undiscovered Antarctic continent of Terra Australis. King argues that Jave la Grande on the Dieppe maps represents one of Marco Polo's pair of Javas (Major or Minor), misplaced far to the south of its actual location and attached to a greatly enlarged Terra Australis; it does not represent Australia, discovered by unknown Portuguese voyagers. Beyond Capricorn Beyond Capricorn: How Portuguese adventurers secretly discovered and mapped Australia and New Zealand 250 years before Captain Cook is a 2007 book by journalist Peter Trickett on the theory of Portuguese discovery of","Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery all lands south of the Canary Islands to Portugal, while in May 1493 the Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI decreed in the Bull \"Inter caetera\" that all lands west of a meridian only 100 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands should belong to Spain while new lands discovered east of that line would belong to Portugal. A further Bull, \"Dudum siquidem\", made some more concessions to Spain, and the pope's arrangements were then amended by the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 negotiated between Spain and Portugal. After the discovery of the Americas, many of the clergy sent to the New","Academy of Sciences. , San Francisco is the highest rated American city on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of human habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. The Yelamu group of the Ohlone people resided in a few small villages when an overland Spanish exploration party, led by Don Gaspar de Portolà, arrived on November 2, 1769, the first documented European visit to San Francisco Bay. Seven years later, on March 28, 1776, the Spanish established the Presidio of San Francisco, followed by a mission, Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission","Evolution of the Portuguese Empire Ages. Labrador and Corte-Real brothers later explored and claimed Greenland and eastern modern Canada from 1499 to 1502. Brazil was explored and claimed in 1500, and become independent in 1822. Unlike the Spanish, the Portuguese did not divide their possession in South America in several vice-royalties. India was reached by the Portuguese in 1498 by Vasco da Gama. Macau was the last possession in Asia and was handed over to the People's Republic of China in 1999. The Portuguese empire spread over time throughout a vast number of Territories that are now part of more than 70 different Sovereign States,","exiting the Gambia River in 1455, calling it the \"carro dell'ostro\" (\"southern chariot\"). However, Cadamosto's accompanying diagram was inaccurate. Historians generally credit João Faras for being the first European to depict it correctly. Faras sketched and described the constellation (calling it \"Las Guardas\") in a letter written on the beaches of Brazil on 1 May 1500 to the Portuguese monarch. Explorer Amerigo Vespucci seems to have observed not only the Southern Cross but also the neighboring Coalsack Nebula on his second voyage in 1501–1502. Another early modern description clearly describing Crux as a separate constellation is attributed to Andreas Corsali,","is also confirmed by the writings of Peter Kalm, a Swedish botanist who was sent to America by Linnaeus, and who found the forests of New York \"abound\" with ticks when he visited in 1749. When Kalm's journey was retraced 100 years later, the forests were gone and the Lyme bacterium had probably become isolated to a few pockets along the northeast coast, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Perhaps the first detailed description of what is now known as Lyme disease appeared in the writings of Reverend Dr. John Walker after a visit to the Island of Jura (Deer Island) off the","Columbus's letter on the first voyage the letter sent by Columbus to the Catholic monarchs (as mentioned at the end of the Spanish letter to Santangel), and that Columbus's address to the treasurer Gabriel Sanchez was merely a courtly formality. According to this account, Columbus's original letter was read (in Spanish) before the monarchs then holding court in Barcelona, and then Ferdinand II of Aragon (or his treasurer Gabriel Sanchez) ordered it translated into Latin by the notary Leander de Cosco, who completed the translation by April 29, 1493 (as noted in the prologue). The manuscript was subsequently carried (or received) by the Neapolitan prelate Leonardus","3rd Portuguese India Armada (Nova, 1501) believed to be named after saintly empress. By tradition this was the feast-day of Saint Helena on 21 May, but this date has been shown in a 2015 paper to have been originated by Jan Huyghen van Linschoten who mistakenly quoted the Protestant feast-day for this saint for a discovery made two decades before the start of the Reformation, so the Catholic feast-day of the True Cross on 3 May has been suggested as more likely. Legendarily, Nova anchors on the western side of the island and builds a timber chapel on the location of what will become future Jamestown.","on contemporary maps, and perhaps was already known to Iberian fishermen. Zuane Pizzigano Zuane Pizzigano (sometimes given as Giovanni Pizzigano), was a 15th-century Venetian cartographer. He is the author of a famous 1424 portolan chart, the first known to depict the Antillia island group (Antillia, Satanazes, Royllo and Tanmar), a cluster of legendary islands in the north Atlantic Ocean. Little is known of Zuane Pizzigano, save that he was probably a relative (possibly a descendant) of the Venetian cartographers Domenico and Francesco Pizzigano, who made a famous 1367 portolan chart. Zuane Pizzigano is the author of the influential 1424 portolan","former settlement only about 500 meters from Albert Town. Great Salt Pond lies in the middle of the island. The southernmost point is known as Windsor Point, called \"Cabo Hermoso\" by bucket list. On 19 October 1492, Long Cay was discovered by Christopher Columbus on his first voyage to the New World and he named it Ysabela. Albert Town became port in the sponge and salt industries and a port of call for the Hamburg America Line and the Pacific Mail Steamship Company to recruit stevedore labour. Long Cay Long Cay (formerly known as Fortune Island; ; ; ) is","Tristão da Cunha Tristão da Cunha Tristão da Cunha (sometimes misspelled Tristão d'Acunha; ; c. 1460 – c. 1540) was a Portuguese explorer and naval commander. In 1514, he served as ambassador from king Manuel I of Portugal to Pope Leo X, leading a luxurious embassy presenting in Rome the new conquests of Portugal. He later became a member of the Portuguese privy council. Cunha was born in Portugal, c. 1460. He was nominated as first viceroy of Portuguese India in 1504, but could not take up this post owing to temporary blindness. In 1506 he was appointed commander of a fleet of","Galilean moons the naked eye. The discovery of celestial bodies orbiting something other than Earth dealt a serious blow to the then-accepted Ptolemaic world system, a geocentric theory in which everything orbits around Earth. Galileo initially named his discovery the Cosmica Sidera (\"Cosimo's stars\"), but the names that eventually prevailed were chosen by Simon Marius. Marius discovered the moons independently at the same time as Galileo, and gave them their present names, which were suggested by Johannes Kepler, in Marius's \"Mundus Jovialis\", published in 1614. As a result of improvements Galileo Galilei made to the telescope, with a magnifying capability of 20×,","the arrival of four contingents of Spaniards from New Spain and the Baja California peninsula. Two seaborne parties reached San Diego Bay: the \"San Carlos\", under Vicente Vila and including as notable members the engineer and cartographer Miguel Costansó and the soldier and future governor Pedro Fages, and the \"San Antonio\", under Juan Pérez. An initial overland expedition to San Diego from the south was led by the soldier Fernando Rivera and included the Franciscan missionary, explorer, and chronicler Juan Crespí, followed by a second party led by the designated governor Gaspar de Portolà and including the mission president (and","Porto family The Porto surname history has its origins in the Piemonte region of what is today Italy and parts of present-day Southern France. They were part of a religious sect called the Valdese; they called themselves the Poor men of Lyon, the Poor of Lombardy, or the Poor. They were the first Methodist of Europe years before the Reformation was even conceived. A Christian sect believing in poverty and austerity, they were founded around 1170 promoting true poverty, public preaching and the literal interpretation of the scriptures. Declared heretical, the movement was brutally suppressed by the Roman Catholic Church.","History of sugar had reached Persia, and from there that knowledge was brought into the Mediterranean by the Arab expansion. \"Wherever they went, the [medieval] Arabs brought with them sugar, the product and the technology of its production.\" Spanish and Portuguese exploration and conquest in the fifteenth century carried sugar south-west of Iberia. Henry the Navigator introduced cane to Madeira in 1425, while the Spanish, having eventually subdued the Canary Islands, introduced sugar cane to them. In 1493, on his second voyage, Christopher Columbus carried sugarcane seedlings to the New World, in particular Hispaniola. Sugarcane originated in tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia.","Conquistador a recognition of their new-found, particularly when, in 1497–1499, Vasco da Gama completed the voyage to India. Later, when Spain established a route to the Indies from the west, Portugal arranged a second treaty, the Treaty of Zaragoza. As a seafaring people in the south-westernmost region of Europe, the Portuguese became natural leaders of exploration during the Middle Ages. Faced with the options of either accessing other European markets by sea, by exploiting its seafaring prowess, or by land, and facing the task of crossing Castile and Aragon territory, it is not surprising that goods were sent via the sea","Suquamish, Snohomish and other Native American tribes. The Salishan name for the island was Tscha-kole-chy. These were peaceful groups who lived off the sea and land, with fishing, harvesting nuts, berries and roots, which they preserved over the winter. The first known European sighting of Whidbey Island was during the 1790 Spanish expedition of Manuel Quimper and Gonzalo López de Haro on the \"Princesa Real\". Captain George Vancouver fully explored the island in 1792. In May of that year, Royal Navy officers and members of Vancouver's expedition, Joseph Whidbey (master of H. M. S. Discovery) and Peter Puget (a lieutenant","the time and was influential in evangelization work, most notably in India. The Goa Inquisition was proposed by St. Francis Xavier. He also was the first Christian missionary to venture into Japan, Borneo, the Maluku Islands, and other areas. In those areas, struggling to learn the local languages and in the face of opposition, he had less success than he had enjoyed in India. Xavier was about to extend his missionary preaching to China when he died on Shangchuan Island. He was beatified by Pope Paul V on 25 October 1619 and canonized by Pope Gregory XV on 12 March","Christopher and Cosmas Christopher and Cosmas were two Japanese men, only known by their Christian names, who are recorded to have travelled across the Pacific on a Spanish galleon in 1587, and were later forced to accompany the English navigator Thomas Cavendish to England, Brazil and the Southern Atlantic, where they disappeared with the sinking of his ship in 1592. They are first mentioned by the navigator Francis Pretty, in Richard Hakluyt's account of the travels of Cavendish. He writes that on 4 November 1587 the 32-year-old Cavendish, with two ships the \"Desire\" (120 tons) and the \"Content\" (60 tons)","Pedro Nunes Pedro Nunes (; Latin: \"Petrus Nonius\"; 1502 – 11 August 1578) was a Portuguese mathematician, cosmographer, and professor, from a New Christian (of Jewish origin) family. Nunes, considered to be one of the greatest mathematicians of his time, is best known for his contributions in the nautical sciences (navigation and cartography), which he approached, for the first time, in a mathematical way. He was the first to propose the idea of a loxodrome, and was the inventor of several measuring devices, including the nonius (from which Vernier scale was derived), named after his Latin surname. Little is known","Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador) without difficulties — the boats were deteriorated and taking on water, and some mutinous sailors refused to work the pumps — they were able to complete their voyage and disembark in the port of Carenas (Havana). Francisco Hernández de Córdoba barely reached Cuba; suffering from his mortal wounds, he expired within days of reaching the port, along with three other sailors. The discovery of \"El Gran Cairo\", in March 1517, was without a doubt a crucial moment in the Spanish perception of the natives of the Americas: until then, nothing had resembled the stories of Marco Polo, or the promises","Northwest Passage west to what is now the Canadian Arctic in order to find the passage. Frobisher Bay, which he first charted, is named after him. As part of another expedition, in July 1583 Sir Humphrey Gilbert, who had written a treatise on the discovery of the passage and was a backer of Frobisher, claimed the territory of Newfoundland for the English crown. On August 8, 1585, the English explorer John Davis entered Cumberland Sound, Baffin Island. The major rivers on the east coast were also explored in case they could lead to a transcontinental passage. Jacques Cartier's explorations of the Saint","Christopher Columbus the Pinzón brothers (Martín Alonso and Vicente Yáñez). Columbus first sailed to the Canary Islands, which belonged to Castile. He restocked provisions and made repairs in Gran Canaria, then departed from San Sebastián de La Gomera on 6 September, for what turned out to be a five-week voyage across the ocean. At about 2:00 in the morning of 12 October (21 October, Gregorian Calendar New Style), a lookout on the \"Pinta\", Rodrigo de Triana (also known as Juan Rodríguez Bermeo), spotted land, and immediately alerted the rest of the crew with a shout. Thereupon, the captain of the \"Pinta\", Martín","sea, and that the \"Indians\" were waiting in the forests to ambush his armada. In 1525 Francisco de Hoces was the first to speculate that Tierra del Fuego was one or more islands rather than part of what was then called Terra Australis. Francis Drake in 1578 and a Dutch East India Company expedition in 1616 learned more about the geography. The latter expedition named Cape Horn. On his first voyage with in 1830, Robert FitzRoy picked up four native Fuegians, including \"Jemmy Button\" (\"Orundellico\") and brought them to England. The surviving three were taken to London to meet the","Discovery (1602 ship) Discovery or Discoverie was a small 20-ton, 38 foot (12 m) long \"fly-boat\" of the British East India Company, launched before 1602. It was one of the three ships (along with \"Susan Constant\" and \"Godspeed\") on the 1606-1607 voyage to the New World for the English Virginia Company of London. The journey resulted in the founding of Jamestown in the new Colony of Virginia. In 1602, George Weymouth became the first European to explore what would later be called Hudson Strait when he sailed \"Discovery\" 300 nautical miles into the Strait. Weymouth’s expedition to find the Northwest","History of Portugal and Spain in terms of economic, political and cultural influence. Though not dominant in European affairs, Portugal did have an extensive colonial trading empire throughout the world backed by a powerful thalassocracy. The beginnings of the Portuguese Empire can be traced to 25 July 1415, when the Portuguese Armada set sail for the rich Islamic trading center of Ceuta in North Africa. The Armada was accompanied by King John I, his sons Prince Duarte (a future king), Prince Pedro, and Prince Henry the Navigator, and the legendary Portuguese hero Nuno Álvares Pereira. On 21 August 1415, Ceuta was conquered by","Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi nephew) did not embark, that the supplies were for \"ten years\", that the names of the vessels were \"Sanctus Antonius\" and \"Alegranzia\", and that the ship made a brief stop at Majorca before proceeding. Jean Gimpel suggests that the two Franciscan monks who accompanied the Vivaldi brothers may have read the \"Opus Majus\" written by their fellow Franciscan, Roger Bacon, in which Bacon suggested that the distance separating Spain and India was not great, a theory that was later repeated by Pierre d'Ailly and tested by Christopher Columbus. It is uncertain how far the Vivaldi brothers reached. The Vivaldi brothers","Jacques Cartier weather and hostile natives drove the would-be settlers to despair. Cartier spent the rest of his life in Saint-Malo and his nearby estate, where he often was useful as an interpreter in Portuguese. He died at age 65 on September 1, 1557, during an epidemic, possibly of typhus, though many sources list his cause of death as unknown. Cartier is interred in St. Vincent's Cathedral. No permanent European settlements were made in Canada before 1605, when Samuel Champlain founded Port Royal in present-day Victoria Beach just outside Annapolis Royal. Having already located the entrance to the St. Lawrence on his","Flor de la Mar leaks, she was forced to dock once again in Mozambique island for lengthy repairs. This time, she would stay stuck in the channel for some ten months. Nova attempted to take her out repeatedly, but the heavy-laden ship kept running into problems, forcing him to return to the island, repair and try again. The ship and her frustrated captain were still stuck in Mozambique when they were found in February 1507—almost exactly one year after \"Flor do Mar\" left India—by the outgoing 8th India armada under the command of Tristão da Cunha. Cunha ordered his crews to help repair the","Pedro Páez of the treatise \"De Abyssinorum erroribus\". \"História da Ethiopia\" has been translated to English by Christopher J. Tribe and published by The Hakluyt Society in 2011. Pedro Páez Pedro Páez Jaramillo (Portuguese: \"Pêro Pais;\" 1564 – May 22, 1622) was a Spanish Jesuit missionary in Ethiopia. Páez is considered by many experts on Ethiopia to be the most effective Catholic missionary in Ethiopia. He is believed to be the first European to see and describe the source of the Blue Nile. His two-volume \"História da Ethiópia\" (History of Ethiopia) is regarded by scholars of Ethiopian history as one of the","Cook Islands century by Polynesian people who migrated from Tahiti, an island to the northeast. Spanish ships visited the islands in the 16th century; the first written record of contact with the islands came in 1595 with the sighting of Pukapuka by Spanish sailor Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira, who called it \"San Bernardo\" (Saint Bernard). Pedro Fernandes de Queirós, a Portuguese captain working for the Spanish crown, made the first recorded European landing in the islands when he set foot on Rakahanga in 1606, calling it \"Gente Hermosa\" (Beautiful People). British navigator Captain James Cook arrived in 1773 and 1777 and","looking toward its surrounding gardens. Fontanilla The Fontanilla is the former public fountain of Palos de la Frontera in Spain where, according to tradition, these fountains provided the water for the ships of Cristopher Columbus's first voyage—the \"Santa María\", the \"Niña\", and the \"Pinta\"—when, on 3 August 1492, they departed from Palos de la Frontera, captained by Columbus and by Palos's own Pinzón Brothers. That voyage is widely considered to constitute the discovery of the Americas by Europeans. La Fontanilla is the least dramatic, but perhaps the most original and authentic monument among the so-called \"Lugares colombinos\", the places in","Portuguese Empire the coast each year for five years, discovered the islands of the Gulf of Guinea, including São Tomé and Príncipe and found a thriving alluvial gold trade among the natives and visiting Arab and Berber traders at the port then named Mina (the mine), where he established a trading post. Trade between Elmina and Portugal grew throughout a decade. In 1481, the recently crowned João II decided to build São Jorge da Mina in order to ensure the protection of this trade, which was held again as a royal monopoly. The Equator was crossed by navigators sponsored by Fernão Gomes","Bay is likely N. de Morena who was left at New Albion at Drakes Bay in Marin County, California by Sir Francis Drake in 1579 and then walked to Mexico. The first recorded European discovery of San Francisco Bay was on November 4, 1769 when Spanish explorer Gaspar de Portolà, unable to find the port of Monterey, California, continued north close to what is now Pacifica and reached the summit of the Sweeney Ridge, now marked as the place where he first sighted San Francisco Bay. Portolá and his party did not realize what they had discovered, thinking they had","Miguel López de Legazpi Miguel López de Legazpi Miguel López de Legazpi (; c. 1502 – August 20, 1572), also known as El Adelantado and El Viejo (The Elder), was a Basque-Spanish navigator and governor who established the first Spanish settlement in the East Indies when his expedition crossed the Pacific Ocean from the Viceroyalty of New Spain in modern-day Mexico, arrived in Cebu of the Philippine Islands, 1565. He was the first Governor-General of the Spanish East Indies which included the Philippines and other Pacific archipelagos, namely Guam and the Marianas Islands. After obtaining peace with various indigenous nations and kingdoms, Miguel López","Farallon Islands the English privateer and explorer Sir Francis Drake, on July 24, 1579. On that day, Drake landed on the islands in order to collect seal meat and bird eggs for his ship. He named them the Islands of Saint James because the day after his arrival was the feast day of St James the Great. The name of St James is now applied to only one of the rocky islets of the North Farallones. The islands were apparently first given their names of the “Farallones” (literally, “cliffs”) by Friar Antonio de la Ascencion, aboard the Spanish explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno's 1603","Joseph Banks Sir Joseph Banks, 1st Baronet, (19 June 1820) was an English naturalist, botanist and patron of the natural sciences. Banks made his name on the 1766 natural history expedition to Newfoundland and Labrador. He took part in Captain James Cook's first great voyage (1768–1771), visiting Brazil, Tahiti, and, after 6 months in New Zealand, Australia, returning to immediate fame. He held the position of President of the Royal Society for over 41 years. He advised King George III on the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and by sending botanists around the world to collect plants, he made Kew the","Mossel Bay of Cowherds). Dias is also credited with having given the Cape the name \"Cabo das Tormentas\" (the ‘Cape of Storms’), although King John II later changed this to \"Cabo da Boa Esperança\" (the Cape of Good Hope). Dias’ excursion ashore ended hastily when the local people chased him off in a hail of stones. By the time the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama reached the area in 1497, the Bay had been marked on the maps as \"Aguada de São Brás\", (the Watering Place of St Blaize - whose feast is celebrated on 3 February). Da Gama bartered successfully for","Ferdinand Magellan the Treaty of Tordesillas. Christopher Columbus's voyages to the West (1492–1503) had the goal of reaching the Indies and to establish direct commercial relations between Spain and the Asian kingdoms. The Spanish soon realized that the lands of the Americas were not a part of Asia, but a new continent. The 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas reserved for Portugal the eastern routes that went around Africa, and Vasco da Gama and the Portuguese arrived in India in 1498. Castile (\"Spain\") urgently needed to find a new commercial route to Asia. After the Junta de Toro conference of 1505, the Spanish Crown","a few years later Barbosa (1514) described it under the name Baxay (pronounced Basai) as a town with a good seaport belonging to the King of Gujarat. In 1295, Italian explorer Marco Polo passed through Vasai. The Portuguese first reached the west coast of India when the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama landed at Calicut in 1498. According to historian Manuel de Faria e Sousa, the coast of Basai was first visited by the Portuguese in 1509, when Francisco de Almeida on his way to Diu captured a Muslim ship in the harbour of Mumbai, with 24 citizens of the","Tenararo made during the Spanish expedition of the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernández de Quirós on 5 February 1606 under the name \"Las Cuatro Coronadas\" (the \"four crowned\" (by coconut palms)), however these observations were not fully documented. As such, the first unambiguous approach to the island was made on 14 March 1828 by the explorer Hugh Cuming in his ship the Discoverer captained by Samuel Grimwood. The next visit was in 1833 by navigator Thomas Ebrill on his merchant vessel \"Amphitrite\" and again in 1837 by Lord Edward Russell, commander of the H.M.S Actaeon, the name given to the group. It","diving and birdwatching, unspoiled wildlife habitat and laid-back atmosphere. Despite its small size, the island hosts a heritage festival and parade as part of Pirates Week, the annual Mardi Gras celebration of the Cayman Islands and the Sister Islands Cook-off. The first recorded sighting of Little Cayman, along with Cayman Brac, was by Christopher Columbus on May 10, 1503 on his fourth and final voyage, when heavy winds forced his ship off course. At that time, he named the islands \"Las Tortugas\" for the many sea turtles found living there. The islands were later renamed \"Las Caymanas\" for the iguanas","Early world maps discoveries in the east and west. It is named after Alberto Cantino, an agent for the Duke of Ferrara, who successfully smuggled it from Portugal to Italy in 1502. It shows the islands of the Caribbean and the Florida coastline, as well as Africa, Europe and Asia. The map is particularly notable for portraying a fragmentary record of the Brazilian coast, discovered in 1500 by Portuguese explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral who conjectured whether it was merely an island or part of the continent that several Spanish expeditions had just encountered farther north (cf. Amerigo Vespucci). The Caverio Map, also known","Portugal India, Muscat and Ormuz in the Persian Strait, and Malacca, now a state in Malaysia. Thus, the Portuguese empire held dominion over commerce in the Indian Ocean and South Atlantic. Portuguese sailors set out to reach Eastern Asia by sailing eastward from Europe, landing in such places as Taiwan, Japan, the island of Timor, and in the Moluccas. Although for a long period it was believed the Dutch were the first Europeans to arrive in Australia, there is also some evidence that the Portuguese may have discovered Australia in 1521. The Treaty of Zaragoza, signed on 22 April 1529 between","Juan José Pérez Hernández Juan José Pérez Hernández Juan José Pérez Hernández (born Joan Perés ca. 1725 – November 3, 1775), often simply Juan Pérez, was an 18th-century Spanish explorer. He was the first European to sight, examine, name, and record the islands near present-day British Columbia, Canada. Born in Palma de Mallorca, Spain, he first served as a \"piloto\" in western Spanish colonial North America on Manila galleons en route to and from the Philippines in the Spanish East Indies. In 1768, he was assigned to the Pacific port of San Blas, in the Viceroyalty of New Spain (present day Mexico), and acquired","Pitcairn Islands Bautista (\"Saint John the Baptist\"), respectively. However, some sources express doubt about exactly which of the islands were visited and named by Queirós, suggesting that La Encarnación may actually have been Henderson Island, and San Juan Bautista may have been Pitcairn Island. Pitcairn Island was sighted on 3 July 1767 by the crew of the British sloop HMS \"Swallow\", commanded by Captain Philip Carteret. The island was named after Midshipman Robert Pitcairn, a fifteen-year-old crew member who was the first to sight the island. Robert Pitcairn was a son of British Marine Major John Pitcairn, who later was killed at","Francisco de Almeida Dom Francisco de Almeida (), also known as \"the Great Dom Francisco\" (c. 1450–1 March 1510), was a Portuguese nobleman, soldier and explorer. He distinguished himself as a counsellor to King John II of Portugal and later in the wars against the Moors and in the conquest of Granada in 1492. In 1505 he was appointed as the first governor and viceroy of the Portuguese State of India (\"Estado da Índia\"). Almeida is credited with establishing Portuguese hegemony in the Indian Ocean, with his victory at the naval Battle of Diu in 1509. Before Almeida could return","Vila do Porto 1439, a royal charter from Infante D. Pedro, regent of D. Afonso V, referred to the fact that Prince Henry the Navigator had ordered that sheep be set ashore along the seven islands of the Azores (since Corvo and Flores had, at the time, not been discovered). São Miguel and Santa Maria were the first islands to be settled by families from Estremadura, Alto Alentejo and Algarve, facilitated by Gonçalo Velho, then first donatary-captain of the Azores. Gonçalo Velho Cabral, nobleman in the House of the Infante D. Henrique (Henry the Navigator) and commander in the Order of Christ, arrived","Padrón Real pilots who contributed to and used the map included Amerigo Vespucci, Diogo Ribeiro, Sebastian Cabot, Alonzo de Santa Cruz, and Juan Lopez de Velasco. The Padrón Real was constantly improved from its first version in 1507/08. It was produced by the Seville-based Spanish organization, the \"Casa de Contratación\", established in 1503. All returning ships had to report any details of new lands or discoveries they had made to the \"Casa de Contratación\", together with latitudes and longitudes. The ship's officers were put under oath before they testified. The pilots at the \"Casa de Contratación\" then plotted this information on their","who founded Nombre de Jesús and Rey Don Felipe on the northern shore of the strait. These towns suffered severe food shortages, and when the English navigator Sir Thomas Cavendish landed at the site of Rey Don Felipe in 1587, he found only ruins of the settlement. He renamed the place \"Port Famine\". Other early explorers included Francis Drake (1578). In February 1696 the first French expedition, under the command of M. de Gennes reached the Strait of Magellan. The expedition is described by the young French explorer, engineer and hydrographer François Froger in his \"A Relation of a Voyage\"","to Santo Domingo, but bad weather forced him to land in Cuba, where he died from his injuries. Later, his only son, Archbishop Rodrigo de Bastidas y Rodriguez de Romera, moved his remains to Santo Domingo where he is interred along with his wife and son at The Cathedral of Santa María la Menor in the Colonial Zone of Santo Domingo, the oldest cathedral in the Americas. Rodrigo de Bastidas Rodrigo de Bastidas (; Triana, Seville, Andalusia, c. 1465 – Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, 28 July 1527) was a Spanish conquistador and explorer who mapped the northern coast of South","them both to little hammers. A much more detailed description of the first two ossicles followed in Andreas Vesalius' \"De humani corporis fabrica\" in which he devoted a chapter to them. Vesalius was the first to compare the second element of the ossicles to an anvil although he offered the molar as an alternative comparison for its shape. The first published description of the stapes came in Pedro Jimeno's \"Dialogus de re medica\" (1549) although it had been previously described in public lectures by Giovanni Filippo Ingrassia at the University of Naples as early as 1546. The term \"ossicle\" derives","John Smith (explorer) set sail in three small ships, the \"Discovery\", the \"Susan Constant\", and the \"Godspeed\", on 20 December 1606. His page was a 12-year-old boy named Samuel Collier. During the voyage, Smith was charged with mutiny, and Captain Christopher Newport (in charge of the three ships) had planned to execute him. These events happened approximately when the expedition stopped in the Canary Islands for resupply of water and provisions. Smith was under arrest for most of the trip. However, upon first landing at what is now Cape Henry on 26 April 1607, unsealed orders from the Virginia Company designated Smith as","navigators: Vasco da Gama, in 1497, on his way to India, and Christopher Columbus, in 1498, while on his third voyage to the Americas. In 1522, it was the stopping place for the later explorer Ferdinand Magellan who served under Spain on his way to circumnavigate the world. Cidade Velha has the oldest colonial church in the world - Nossa Senhora do Rosário church, which was constructed in 1495. In 1533, Cidade Velha became the seat of the new Roman Catholic Diocese of Santiago de Cabo Verde, created by papal bull of Pope Clement VII. Currently, the seat is in","Portuguese Empire know what lay beyond Cape Bojador on the African coast. Henry wished to know how far the Muslim territories in Africa extended, and whether it was possible to reach Asia by sea, both to reach the source of the lucrative spice trade and perhaps to join forces with the fabled Christian kingdom of Prester John that was rumoured to exist somewhere in the \"Indies\". Under his sponsorship, soon the Atlantic islands of Madeira (1419) and Azores (1427) were reached and started to be settled producing wheat to export to Portugal. The main Portuguese goal was trade, not colonization or conquest.","Niccolò de' Conti Conti's account was made in 1492 in the original Latin by Cristoforo da Bollate and dedicated to Pietro Cara, who was going on a journey to India. Various translations followed, into Portuguese (1502) and Spanish (1503). The first Italian-language edition appears to have been translated from the Portuguese edition, and was made a part of the collection of travellers’ accounts published in 1550 by Giovanni Battista Ramusio. The first English edition was translated from the Spanish, and printed in 1579 by John Frampton, using a combination of Marco Polo's and de Conti's narrations. Niccolò de' Conti Niccolò de' Conti (c.","written in 1627 is considered the \"first classic of Brazil\". It is divided into five books, describing the \"modus vivendi\" in the early Portuguese colony. The book is divided into 48 chapters describing the characteristics of the colony, its climate, fauna, flora, its name, the discovery, settlement and the division of hereditary captaincies, as well as the pressure of French and Dutch privateers in the Brazilian coast. It is also one of the first studies on everyday life in the colony, reporting marriage customs, child rearing, funeral rites, indigenous languages and so on. Vicente do Salvador Vicente do Salvador born","Gaspar de Portolà soldiers, five Baja California Indians, two muleteers, and Juan Crespí serving as the expedition's chaplain, again marched north. The expedition followed the same route they had the previous winter while returning to San Diego. After 36 days on the road, with only two days of rest, Portolà arrived at his second cross on May 24, 1770. He then saw that on a clear day and from a certain point of view the round harbor assumed the proportions described by the earlier enthusiastic explorers. Having recognized the bay, a Mass was conducted near the oak tree that the Carmelite missionaries with","Age of Discovery what turned out to be a five-week voyage across the ocean, crossing a section of the Atlantic that became known as the Sargasso Sea. Land was sighted on 12 October 1492, and Columbus called the island (now The Bahamas) \"San Salvador\", in what he thought to be the \"West Indies\". Columbus also explored the northeast coast of Cuba (landed on 28 October) and the northern coast of Hispaniola, by 5 December. He was received by the native cacique Guacanagari, who gave him permission to leave some of his men behind. On the return, a storm forced him to dock in","Marco Polo Marco Polo (, , ; 1254January 8–9, 1324) was an Italian merchant, explorer, and writer, born in the Republic of Venice. His travels are recorded in \"Livres des merveilles du monde\" (\"Book of the Marvels of the World\", also known as \"The Travels of Marco Polo\", c. 1300), a book that described to Europeans the wealth and great size of China, its capital Peking, and other Asian cities and countries. He learned the mercantile trade from his father and his uncle, Niccolò and Maffeo, who travelled through Asia and met Kublai Khan. In 1269, they returned to Venice","emporium (although by this time, the gold trade was quite diminished from its heyday). In 1501 Sofala was scouted from the sea and its location determined by captain Sancho de Tovar. In 1502, Pedro Afonso de Aguiar (others say Vasco da Gama himself) led the first Portuguese ships into Sofala harbor. Aguiar (or Gama) sought out an audience with the ruling sheikh Isuf of Sofala (\"Yçuf\" in Barros \"Çufe\" in Goes). At the time, Isuf was engaged in a quarrel with Kilwa. The minister Emir Ibrahim had deposed and murdered the legitimate Sultan al-Fudail of Kilwa, and seized power for","Portuguese Empire in 1473 and the Congo River by Diogo Cão in 1482. It was during this expedition that the Portuguese first encountered the Kingdom of Kongo, with which it soon developed a rapport. During his 1485–86 expedition, Cão continued to Cape Cross, in present-day Namibia, near the Tropic of Capricorn. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope on the southern tip of Africa, proving false the view that had existed since Ptolemy that the Indian Ocean was land-locked. Simultaneously Pêro da Covilhã, traveling secretly overland, had reached Ethiopia, suggesting that a sea route to the Indies would soon","Waldseemüller map to the unexpected discovery of a New World. Just to the south of \"Mallaqua\" (Malacca) is the inscription: \"hic occisus est S. thomas\" (Here St. Thomas was killed), referring to the legend that Saint Thomas the Apostle went to India in 52 AD and was killed there in 72 AD. Waldseemüller had confused Malacca (Melaka) with Mylapore in India. The contemporary understanding of the nature of Columbus' discoveries is demonstrated in the letter written to him by the Aragonese cosmographer and Royal counsellor, Jaume Ferrer, dated 5 August 1495, saying: Divine and infallible Providence sent the great Thomas from the","Duarte Barbosa Duarte Barbosa (c. 1480, Lisbon, Portugal1 May 1521, Philippines) was a Portuguese writer and officer from Portuguese India (between 1500 and 1516). He was a scrivener in a factory in Cannanore, and an interpreter of the local language, Malayalam. Barbosa wrote the \"Book of Duarte Barbosa\" (\"Livro de Duarte Barbosa\") c. 1516, making it one of the earliest examples of Portuguese travel literature. In 1519, Barbosa embarked on the first expedition to circumnavigate the world, led by his brother-in-law Ferdinand Magellan. He died in 1521 at the Battle of Mactan on Cebu Island in the Philippines. Barbosa's father","Bartholomew Columbus Bartholomew Columbus (Genoese dialect: Bertomê Corombo; ; ; ) (c. 1461 – 1515) was an Italian explorer from Genoa and the younger brother of Christopher Columbus. Born in the Republic of Genoa, in the 1470s Bartholomew was a mapmaker in Lisbon, the principal center of cartography of the time, and conceived with his brother the \"Enterprise of the Indies\", a scheme to reach the Orient and its lucrative spice trade by a western rather than an eastern route. In 1489 he went to England to seek assistance from Henry VII for the execution of the scheme. He was","in India, Gaspar da Gama fulfilled his mission with his interpreter services and knowledge of geopolitics and customs of India important in business meetings of Portuguese and Indian rajas in Calicut and Cochin. He returned on his own will to Portugal with Pedro Álvares Cabral. In 1501, the fleet met the expedition of Gaspar de Lemos appointed by the king of Portugal to explore the newly discovered lands of Brazil, near modern Dakar, Senegal. Talks between Gaspar da Gama and other members of the expedition with the Florentine Amerigo Vespucci who accompanied Gaspar de Lemos certainly strengthened the idea that","the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde, explored the African coast, colonized selected areas of Africa, discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope, discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan. In 1415, Portugal acquired the first of its overseas colonies by conquering Ceuta, the first prosperous Islamic trade centre in North Africa. There followed the first discoveries in the Atlantic: Madeira and the Azores, which led to the first colonization movements. Throughout the 15th","about 1520, with nearly eighty years. The change of Christian name \"Terra de Santa Cruz\" to \"Brazil\" is attributed by some to Gaspar da Gama and Fernão de Noronha, both being Jewish. However, this does not have an historical basis, being due to the intense trade in Brazilwood. Gaspar da Gama Gaspar da Gama also known as Gaspar da India and Gaspar de Almeida (probably Poznań, Poland c. 1444 - Calicut, India or Lisbon, Portugal c. 1510) was a traveller of Jewish origin who acted as interpreter (\"Língua\", in old Portuguese) and provided many services to the Portuguese maritime explorations,","Portolà expedition of California from San Blas, arrived leaking on the east coast of Baja, requiring repairs there. On the shore of La Paz on January 9, 1769, friar Junípero Serra blessed the flagship \"San Carlos\" and its chaplain, friar Fernando Parrón. José de Gálvez, addressing the men waiting to board, declared their final destination as Monterey and their mission to plant the holy cross among the Indians. Friar Parrón boarded the \"San Carlos\" along with captain Vicente Vila, followed by lieutenant Pedro Fages with his 25 Catalan volunteers; cartographer Miguel Costansó, who made maps and drawings to describe the journey; surgeon","up until that time. Fra Mauro created the map under a commission by King Afonso V of Portugal. Andrea Bianco, a sailor-cartographer, is recorded as having collaborated with Fra Mauro in creating the map, as payments made to him between 1448 and 1459 testify. The map was completed on 24 April 1459, and sent to Portugal, but that copy didn't survive. Along with the map was a letter from the Doge of Venice. It was intended for Prince Henry the Navigator, Afonso V's uncle. It encouraged the prince to continue funding exploratory journeys. Fra Mauro died the following year, while","The New Found World, or Antarctike The New Found World, or Antarctike (French edition: \"Les singularitez de la France antarctique, autrement nommee Amerique, & de plusieurs terres et isles decouvertes de nostre temps,\" 1557) is an account published by the French Franciscan priest and explorer André Thevet detailing his experiences in France Antarctique, a French settlement in Rio de Janeiro. Thevet based his descriptions of Rio de Janeiro on his ten weeks spent living in Brazil, as well as drawing on the reports of other travelers. The first English translation of the book was published in 1568. Thevet describes the","John I of Portugal Papal bull \"Sane charissimus\" of 4 April 1418, which confirmed to the king all of the lands he might win from the Moors. Under the auspices of Prince Henry the Navigator, voyages were organized to explore the African coast. These led to the discovery of the uninhabited islands of Madeira in 1417 and the Azores in 1427; all were claimed by the Portuguese crown. Contemporaneous writers describe John as a man of wit who was very keen on concentrating power on himself, but at the same time possessed a benevolent and kind demeanor. His youthful education as master of a","Captain-major their first Donatary-Captains: There were three captaincies in the archipelago of Madeira, associated with the three principal discoverers of the islands: Following their discovery, Gonçalo Velho Cabral became the first Donatary-Captain of the islands, beginning with the island of Santa Maria, but later including the island of São Miguel when it was discovered. This captaincy, which lasted from 1439 to 1461, was described in 1460 by Henry the Navigator in a letter to Cabral as \"Capitão por mim em minhas ilhas de Santa Maria e São Miguel dos Açores\" (\"Captain for Me in My Islands of Santa Maria and São","History of Madeira Madeira was the world's greatest producer of sugar. In the earliest times, fish constituted about half of the settlers' diet, together with vegetables and fruit. The first local agricultural activity with some success was the raising of wheat. Initially, the colonists produced wheat for their own sustenance but, later began to export wheat to Portugal. The discoveries of Porto Santo and Madeira were first described by Gomes Eanes de Zurara in \"Chronica da Descoberta e Conquista da Guiné\". (Eng. version by Edgar Prestage in 2 vols. issued by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1896-1899: \"The Chronicle of Discovery and Conquest of"],"string":"[\n \"the tables to the nascent Royal Society in October 1667, which displayed them in the \\\"repository\\\" (museum) in the west gallery of Gresham College on Bishopsgate from 1674. A paper on the tables of arteries and veins was presented by William Cowper on 21 January 1701 and later printed in \\\"Philosophical Transactions\\\", with his drawings engraved by Michael van der Gucht. After a move to a new location in Crane Court, off Fleet Street, the tables were acquired by the rapidly expanding British Museum in June 1781, and then bought by the Royal College of Surgeons in 1809. Evelyn tables\",\n \"Pedro Menéndez de Avilés Pedro Menéndez de Avilés Pedro Menéndez de Avilés (; 15 February 1519 – 17 September 1574) was a Spanish admiral and explorer from the region of Asturias, Spain, who is remembered for planning the first regular trans-oceanic convoys and for founding St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565. This was the first successful Spanish settlement in La Florida and the most significant city in the region for nearly three centuries. St. Augustine is the oldest continuously-inhabited, European-established settlement in the continental United States. Menéndez de Avilés was also the first governor of Florida (1565–74). Menéndez had made his career in the Spanish\",\n \"History of logarithms the logarithm. Edmund Gunter of Oxford developed a calculating device with a single logarithmic scale; with additional measuring tools it could be used to multiply and divide. The first description of this scale was published in Paris in 1624 by Edmund Wingate (c.1593–1656), an English mathematician, in a book entitled \\\"L'usage de la reigle de proportion en l'arithmetique & geometrie\\\". The book contains a double scale, logarithmic on one side, tabular on the other. In 1630, William Oughtred of Cambridge invented a circular slide rule, and in 1632 combined two handheld Gunter rules to make a device that is recognizably\",\n \"Columbus's letter on the first voyage the Aragonese official Luis de Santángel, the principal supporter and financial backer of Columbus's expedition. Copies of Columbus's letter were somehow picked up by publishers, and printed editions of his letter began to appear throughout Europe within weeks of Columbus's return to Spain. A Spanish version of the letter (based on the letter he sent to Luis de Santángel) was printed in Barcelona probably in late March or early April 1493. A Latin translation of the letter (addressed to Gabriel Sanchez) was printed in Rome about a month later. Within the first year of his arrival, eight more editions of\",\n \"2, 1568 – was the eve of the feast of Saint Francis of Assisi, the captain named the island San Francisco. The ships were in need of water and the crew was suffering from scurvy, but after circling the island it was determined that Wake was waterless and had \\\"not a cocoanut nor a pandanus\\\" and, in fact, \\\"there was nothing on it but sea-birds, and sandy places covered with bushes.\\\" In 1796 Captain Samuel Wake of the British merchant vessel \\\"Prince William Henry\\\" also came upon Wake Island, naming the atoll for himself. Soon thereafter the 80-ton British fur\",\n \"as the \\\"Antillia group\\\" or (to use Bianco's label) the \\\"insulae de novo rep(er)te\\\" (\\\"islands newly reported\\\"). In Grazioso Benincasa's 1463 atlas, the settlements on Satanazes island are named Araialis, Cansillia, Duchal, Jmada, Nam and Saluaga. Cartographic appearances of Satanazes: Significantly, the island of Satanazes is omitted on the maps of Bartolomeo Pareto (1455), Cristoforo Soligo (c. 1475) Grazioso's son Andrea Benincasa (1476) and the Nuremberg globe of Martin Behaim (1492), even though they all include Antillia and some retain \\\"Saya\\\"/\\\"Tanmar\\\". Satanazes disappears on practically all maps after Christopher Columbus's voyages of the 1490s. It was possibly transplanted (in smaller\",\n \"\\\"moon that has set\\\"). On the same day, he also sighted two more islands, one that he named \\\"San Juan Bautista\\\" (\\\"St John the Baptist\\\"), and the other \\\"La Encarnación\\\" (\\\"the Incarnation\\\"). It is unclear which one was Henderson island and which one Pitcairn. The confusion was later compounded when a chart produced by Admiral José de Espinosa marked Ducie as \\\"La Encarnación\\\", rather than as \\\"Luna Puesta\\\". The island was rediscovered and named Ducie Island on 16 March 1791 by Captain Edward Edwards, of , who had been despatched from Britain in 1790 to arrest the \\\"Bounty\\\" mutineers. Edwards\",\n \"Dimasaua Dimasaua, also spelled \\\"Dimasawa\\\" and \\\"Dimasava\\\", was the invented name created by 17th-century Spanish missionary Fr. Francisco Colín, S.J., pointing to a tiny isle in southern Leyte whose chief, according to Colín, \\\"gave the most signal service\\\" to Ferdinand Magellan and his crew at the port of Butuan in March–April 1521. The incident is described in a three-paragraph epitome of Magellan's sojourn in Philippine waters, part of a historical study entitled \\\"Labor evangelica obreros de la compañia de Jesus en las islas Filipinas\\\", which was published 1663 in Madrid. Colín identified his principal source for his reconstruction of the\",\n \"Portuguese India which included the inland enclaves of Dadra and Nagar Haveli; and Diu. Portugal lost effective control of the enclaves of Dadra and Nagar Haveli in 1954, and finally the rest of the overseas territory in December 1961, when it was taken by India after military action. In spite of this, Portugal only recognised Indian control in 1975, after the Carnation Revolution and the fall of the Estado Novo regime. The first Portuguese encounter with the subcontinent was on 20 May 1498 when Vasco da Gama reached Calicut on Malabar Coast. Anchored off the coast of Calicut, the Portuguese invited native\",\n \"It began with the capture of Ceuta (a terminus of the trans-Saharan trade route) by the Portuguese in 1415. They went on to establish further enclaves as they explored the coasts of Africa, Arabia, India and South East Asia in search of the source of the lucrative spice trade. Trading posts were also very common in the early settlements of Canada and the United States for the trade of such things as fur. They were also used in many camps across the United States as places to buy snacks, items and souvenirs. The Hudson's Bay Company set up trading posts\",\n \"The Palisades (Hudson River) sq mi (2,000,000 km) with lava. Franklyn Van Houten did trailblazing research on a rock formation known as the Newark Basin. His discovery of a consistent geological pattern in which lake levels rose and fell is now known as the \\\"Van Houten cycle\\\". The Palisades appear on the first European map of the New World, made by Gerardus Mercator in 1541 based on the description given him by Giovanni da Verrazzano, who suggested they look like a \\\"fence of stakes\\\". During the early stages of the American Revolution, British military Commander Lord Cornwallis landed a force of between 2,500 and\",\n \"Nicolau Coelho Nicolau Coelho (c.1460, in Felgueiras – 1502, off the coast of Mozambique) was an expert Portuguese navigator and explorer during the age of discovery. He participated in the discovery of the route to India by Vasco da Gama where he commanded Berrio, the first caravel to return; was captain of a ship in the fleet headed by Pedro Álvares Cabral who landed in Brazil. He died at sea, possibly off the coast of Mozambique, while returning from India in the 5th Portuguese Armada with Francisco de Albuquerque. Nicolau Coelho (c.1460-1502) was presumably born in Felgueiras in northern Portugal.\",\n \"Estêvão da Gama (15th century) da Gama had an illegitimate son, confusingly also named Vasco da Gama, born of another woman while he was still single. Despite the Sodré's traditional attachment to the Order of Christ, the sons of Gama followed their father into the Order of Santiago. After Bartolomeu Dias doubled the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, Estêvão da Gama was appointed by John II to lead the first sea expedition from Portugal to India (at least according to chroniclers Barros and Castanheda). This expedition, however, did not materialize in the lifetime of either men. In 1491, John II attentions became embroiled in\",\n \"Joseph Banks two artists, a scientific secretary, and two black servants from his estate. In 1772 he was travelling with James Cook and docked in Simons Town. There he met Christoffel Brand and a friendship started. He was the godfather of Brand's grandson Christoffel Brand. The voyage went to Brazil, where Banks made the first scientific description of a now common garden plant, bougainvillea (named after Cook's French counterpart, Louis Antoine de Bougainville), and to other parts of South America. The voyage then progressed to Tahiti (where the transit of Venus was observed, the overt purpose of the mission), to New Zealand\",\n \"a US non-profit 501(c)(3) organization administered by a voluntary and unpaid team of council members and officers. Membership is open to all who have an interest in the history of geographical exploration. It publishes a semiannual journal, \\\"Terrae Incognitae\\\". The origin of the Society for the History of Discoveries (SHD) can be traced back to the summer of 1960 at an academic conference in Lisbon, Portugal, that commemorated the quincentenery of the death of Prince Henry the Navigator. American scholars John (Jack) Parker, Thomas (Thom) Goldstein, and Vsevolod (Steve) Slesarev, determined that there should be an organization in the United\",\n \"the lands discovered by Christopher Columbus were not the Indies, but a new continent. In 1502 Gaspar da Gama participated in another travel to India commanded by Vasco da Gama, and again in 1505 with the recently appointed viceroy Francisco de Almeida. During these trips, he learned a few African languages. He participated in the Indian expeditions of the Portuguese who tried to conquer Hormuz in 1508 and Calicut in 1510, when some assume that he died. Others believe that he returned to Portugal where he died. Some say that his death occurred between 1510 and 1515, or even by\",\n \"Portuguese Empire as they obtained a permit to build the fort \\\"Immanuel\\\" (Fort Kochi) and a trading post that were the first European settlement in India. They established a trading center at Tangasseri, Quilon (\\\"Coulão\\\", Kollam) city in (1503) in 1502, which became the centre of trade in pepper, and after founding manufactories at Cochin (\\\"Cochim\\\", Kochi) and Cannanore (\\\"Canonor\\\", Kannur), built a factory at Quilon in 1503. In 1505 King Manuel I of Portugal appointed Francisco de Almeida first Viceroy of Portuguese India, establishing the Portuguese government in the east. That year the Portuguese also conquered Kannur, where they founded St.\",\n \"Pietro Coppo Pietro Coppo (1469/70 – 1555/56; ) was an Italian geographer and cartographer who wrote a description of the entire world as known in the 16th century, accompanied by a set of systematically arranged maps, one of the first rutters and also a precise description of the Istrian Peninsula, accompanied by its first regional map. Pietro Coppo was born in Venice and studied with Marcus Antonius Coccius Sabellicus. He was also deeply influenced by the \\\"Natural History\\\" by Pliny. After a number of voyages across Italy and the Mediterranean and a period of six years he spent on Crete,\",\n \"Spherical Earth earth (1519–21) provided practical evidence of the global shape of the earth. The first direct demonstration of Earth's sphericity came in the form of the first circumnavigation in history, an expedition captained by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. The expedition was financed by the Spanish Crown. On August 10, 1519, the five ships under Magellan's command departed from Seville. They crossed the Atlantic Ocean, passed through what is now called the Strait of Magellan, crossed the Pacific, and arrived in Cebu, where Magellan was killed by Philippine natives in a battle. His second in command, the Spaniard Juan Sebastián Elcano, continued\",\n \"Pedro Mascarenhas Mascarene Islands, after Mascarenhas. Mascarenhas served as Captain-Major of the Portuguese Malacca from 1525 to 1526. He was ambassador from Portugal to the Holy See, where he appealed to Pope Paul III for the coming of the first jesuits for the Portuguese missions in India, at request of King John III and Diogo de Gouveia. His mission ended on March 15, 1540, when he travelled back to Portugal together with Francis Xavier. He was viceroy at Goa, capital of the Portuguese possessions in Asia, from 1554 until his death in 1555, in Goa. He was succeeded as viceroy by Francisco\",\n \"Early knowledge of the Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest coast of North America was one of the last coastlines reached by European explorers. In terms of sailing time from Europe, it was one of the most distant places on earth. This article covers what Europeans knew or thought they knew before the area was explored by Captain Cook in 1778. It is not clear what the Chinese and Japanese knew of the area to the north. The accuracy of the Strait of Anián story implies that they may have known something. The Spaniards sent some expeditions north from Mexico but\",\n \"a compendium of noted English southern-hemisphere explorers' journals, including that of James Cook and John Byron. In this publication, drawn from their official logs, it became clear that the people Byron's expedition had encountered were no taller than , very tall but by no means giants. Interest soon subsided, although awareness of and belief in the concept persisted in some quarters even up into the 20th century. In the second half of the 18th century, European knowledge of Patagonia was further augmented by the voyages of the previously mentioned John Byron (1764–1765), Samuel Wallis (1766, in the same HMS \\\"Dolphin\\\"\",\n \"Maritime history of Europe scale. Christopher Columbus set sail in the \\\"Santa Maria\\\" on what is probably history’s most well known voyage of discovery on August 3, 1492. Leaving from the town of Palos, in southern Spain, Columbus headed west. After a brief stop in the Canary Islands for provisions and repairs, he set out for Asia. He reached San Salvador first, it is believed, (easternmost of the Bahamas) in October, and then sailed past Cuba and Hispaniola, still searching for Asia. He returned home in 1493 to a hero's welcome, and within six months had 1,500 men and 17 vessels at his command.\",\n \"Alexandre de Serpa Pinto and the first to lay down a reasonably accurate route between Bié (in present-day Angola) and Lealui. In 1881 the Royal Geographical Society awarded him their Founder's Medal, \\\"for his journey across Africa ... during which he explored five hundred miles of new country\\\". In 1881 Serpa Pinto published his 2-volume \\\"Como eu atravessei a África\\\", translated by Alfred Elwes and published in English as \\\"How I crossed Africa\\\". In the same year French and German translations were also published. In 1879 the Portuguese government formally claimed the area south and east of the Ruo River (which currently forms the\",\n \"or Jave la Grande, was shown as a promontory of the undiscovered Antarctic continent of Terra Australis. King argues that Jave la Grande on the Dieppe maps represents one of Marco Polo's pair of Javas (Major or Minor), misplaced far to the south of its actual location and attached to a greatly enlarged Terra Australis; it does not represent Australia, discovered by unknown Portuguese voyagers. Beyond Capricorn Beyond Capricorn: How Portuguese adventurers secretly discovered and mapped Australia and New Zealand 250 years before Captain Cook is a 2007 book by journalist Peter Trickett on the theory of Portuguese discovery of\",\n \"Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery all lands south of the Canary Islands to Portugal, while in May 1493 the Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI decreed in the Bull \\\"Inter caetera\\\" that all lands west of a meridian only 100 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands should belong to Spain while new lands discovered east of that line would belong to Portugal. A further Bull, \\\"Dudum siquidem\\\", made some more concessions to Spain, and the pope's arrangements were then amended by the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 negotiated between Spain and Portugal. After the discovery of the Americas, many of the clergy sent to the New\",\n \"Academy of Sciences. , San Francisco is the highest rated American city on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of human habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. The Yelamu group of the Ohlone people resided in a few small villages when an overland Spanish exploration party, led by Don Gaspar de Portolà, arrived on November 2, 1769, the first documented European visit to San Francisco Bay. Seven years later, on March 28, 1776, the Spanish established the Presidio of San Francisco, followed by a mission, Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission\",\n \"Evolution of the Portuguese Empire Ages. Labrador and Corte-Real brothers later explored and claimed Greenland and eastern modern Canada from 1499 to 1502. Brazil was explored and claimed in 1500, and become independent in 1822. Unlike the Spanish, the Portuguese did not divide their possession in South America in several vice-royalties. India was reached by the Portuguese in 1498 by Vasco da Gama. Macau was the last possession in Asia and was handed over to the People's Republic of China in 1999. The Portuguese empire spread over time throughout a vast number of Territories that are now part of more than 70 different Sovereign States,\",\n \"exiting the Gambia River in 1455, calling it the \\\"carro dell'ostro\\\" (\\\"southern chariot\\\"). However, Cadamosto's accompanying diagram was inaccurate. Historians generally credit João Faras for being the first European to depict it correctly. Faras sketched and described the constellation (calling it \\\"Las Guardas\\\") in a letter written on the beaches of Brazil on 1 May 1500 to the Portuguese monarch. Explorer Amerigo Vespucci seems to have observed not only the Southern Cross but also the neighboring Coalsack Nebula on his second voyage in 1501–1502. Another early modern description clearly describing Crux as a separate constellation is attributed to Andreas Corsali,\",\n \"is also confirmed by the writings of Peter Kalm, a Swedish botanist who was sent to America by Linnaeus, and who found the forests of New York \\\"abound\\\" with ticks when he visited in 1749. When Kalm's journey was retraced 100 years later, the forests were gone and the Lyme bacterium had probably become isolated to a few pockets along the northeast coast, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Perhaps the first detailed description of what is now known as Lyme disease appeared in the writings of Reverend Dr. John Walker after a visit to the Island of Jura (Deer Island) off the\",\n \"Columbus's letter on the first voyage the letter sent by Columbus to the Catholic monarchs (as mentioned at the end of the Spanish letter to Santangel), and that Columbus's address to the treasurer Gabriel Sanchez was merely a courtly formality. According to this account, Columbus's original letter was read (in Spanish) before the monarchs then holding court in Barcelona, and then Ferdinand II of Aragon (or his treasurer Gabriel Sanchez) ordered it translated into Latin by the notary Leander de Cosco, who completed the translation by April 29, 1493 (as noted in the prologue). The manuscript was subsequently carried (or received) by the Neapolitan prelate Leonardus\",\n \"3rd Portuguese India Armada (Nova, 1501) believed to be named after saintly empress. By tradition this was the feast-day of Saint Helena on 21 May, but this date has been shown in a 2015 paper to have been originated by Jan Huyghen van Linschoten who mistakenly quoted the Protestant feast-day for this saint for a discovery made two decades before the start of the Reformation, so the Catholic feast-day of the True Cross on 3 May has been suggested as more likely. Legendarily, Nova anchors on the western side of the island and builds a timber chapel on the location of what will become future Jamestown.\",\n \"on contemporary maps, and perhaps was already known to Iberian fishermen. Zuane Pizzigano Zuane Pizzigano (sometimes given as Giovanni Pizzigano), was a 15th-century Venetian cartographer. He is the author of a famous 1424 portolan chart, the first known to depict the Antillia island group (Antillia, Satanazes, Royllo and Tanmar), a cluster of legendary islands in the north Atlantic Ocean. Little is known of Zuane Pizzigano, save that he was probably a relative (possibly a descendant) of the Venetian cartographers Domenico and Francesco Pizzigano, who made a famous 1367 portolan chart. Zuane Pizzigano is the author of the influential 1424 portolan\",\n \"former settlement only about 500 meters from Albert Town. Great Salt Pond lies in the middle of the island. The southernmost point is known as Windsor Point, called \\\"Cabo Hermoso\\\" by bucket list. On 19 October 1492, Long Cay was discovered by Christopher Columbus on his first voyage to the New World and he named it Ysabela. Albert Town became port in the sponge and salt industries and a port of call for the Hamburg America Line and the Pacific Mail Steamship Company to recruit stevedore labour. Long Cay Long Cay (formerly known as Fortune Island; ; ; ) is\",\n \"Tristão da Cunha Tristão da Cunha Tristão da Cunha (sometimes misspelled Tristão d'Acunha; ; c. 1460 – c. 1540) was a Portuguese explorer and naval commander. In 1514, he served as ambassador from king Manuel I of Portugal to Pope Leo X, leading a luxurious embassy presenting in Rome the new conquests of Portugal. He later became a member of the Portuguese privy council. Cunha was born in Portugal, c. 1460. He was nominated as first viceroy of Portuguese India in 1504, but could not take up this post owing to temporary blindness. In 1506 he was appointed commander of a fleet of\",\n \"Galilean moons the naked eye. The discovery of celestial bodies orbiting something other than Earth dealt a serious blow to the then-accepted Ptolemaic world system, a geocentric theory in which everything orbits around Earth. Galileo initially named his discovery the Cosmica Sidera (\\\"Cosimo's stars\\\"), but the names that eventually prevailed were chosen by Simon Marius. Marius discovered the moons independently at the same time as Galileo, and gave them their present names, which were suggested by Johannes Kepler, in Marius's \\\"Mundus Jovialis\\\", published in 1614. As a result of improvements Galileo Galilei made to the telescope, with a magnifying capability of 20×,\",\n \"the arrival of four contingents of Spaniards from New Spain and the Baja California peninsula. Two seaborne parties reached San Diego Bay: the \\\"San Carlos\\\", under Vicente Vila and including as notable members the engineer and cartographer Miguel Costansó and the soldier and future governor Pedro Fages, and the \\\"San Antonio\\\", under Juan Pérez. An initial overland expedition to San Diego from the south was led by the soldier Fernando Rivera and included the Franciscan missionary, explorer, and chronicler Juan Crespí, followed by a second party led by the designated governor Gaspar de Portolà and including the mission president (and\",\n \"Porto family The Porto surname history has its origins in the Piemonte region of what is today Italy and parts of present-day Southern France. They were part of a religious sect called the Valdese; they called themselves the Poor men of Lyon, the Poor of Lombardy, or the Poor. They were the first Methodist of Europe years before the Reformation was even conceived. A Christian sect believing in poverty and austerity, they were founded around 1170 promoting true poverty, public preaching and the literal interpretation of the scriptures. Declared heretical, the movement was brutally suppressed by the Roman Catholic Church.\",\n \"History of sugar had reached Persia, and from there that knowledge was brought into the Mediterranean by the Arab expansion. \\\"Wherever they went, the [medieval] Arabs brought with them sugar, the product and the technology of its production.\\\" Spanish and Portuguese exploration and conquest in the fifteenth century carried sugar south-west of Iberia. Henry the Navigator introduced cane to Madeira in 1425, while the Spanish, having eventually subdued the Canary Islands, introduced sugar cane to them. In 1493, on his second voyage, Christopher Columbus carried sugarcane seedlings to the New World, in particular Hispaniola. Sugarcane originated in tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia.\",\n \"Conquistador a recognition of their new-found, particularly when, in 1497–1499, Vasco da Gama completed the voyage to India. Later, when Spain established a route to the Indies from the west, Portugal arranged a second treaty, the Treaty of Zaragoza. As a seafaring people in the south-westernmost region of Europe, the Portuguese became natural leaders of exploration during the Middle Ages. Faced with the options of either accessing other European markets by sea, by exploiting its seafaring prowess, or by land, and facing the task of crossing Castile and Aragon territory, it is not surprising that goods were sent via the sea\",\n \"Suquamish, Snohomish and other Native American tribes. The Salishan name for the island was Tscha-kole-chy. These were peaceful groups who lived off the sea and land, with fishing, harvesting nuts, berries and roots, which they preserved over the winter. The first known European sighting of Whidbey Island was during the 1790 Spanish expedition of Manuel Quimper and Gonzalo López de Haro on the \\\"Princesa Real\\\". Captain George Vancouver fully explored the island in 1792. In May of that year, Royal Navy officers and members of Vancouver's expedition, Joseph Whidbey (master of H. M. S. Discovery) and Peter Puget (a lieutenant\",\n \"the time and was influential in evangelization work, most notably in India. The Goa Inquisition was proposed by St. Francis Xavier. He also was the first Christian missionary to venture into Japan, Borneo, the Maluku Islands, and other areas. In those areas, struggling to learn the local languages and in the face of opposition, he had less success than he had enjoyed in India. Xavier was about to extend his missionary preaching to China when he died on Shangchuan Island. He was beatified by Pope Paul V on 25 October 1619 and canonized by Pope Gregory XV on 12 March\",\n \"Christopher and Cosmas Christopher and Cosmas were two Japanese men, only known by their Christian names, who are recorded to have travelled across the Pacific on a Spanish galleon in 1587, and were later forced to accompany the English navigator Thomas Cavendish to England, Brazil and the Southern Atlantic, where they disappeared with the sinking of his ship in 1592. They are first mentioned by the navigator Francis Pretty, in Richard Hakluyt's account of the travels of Cavendish. He writes that on 4 November 1587 the 32-year-old Cavendish, with two ships the \\\"Desire\\\" (120 tons) and the \\\"Content\\\" (60 tons)\",\n \"Pedro Nunes Pedro Nunes (; Latin: \\\"Petrus Nonius\\\"; 1502 – 11 August 1578) was a Portuguese mathematician, cosmographer, and professor, from a New Christian (of Jewish origin) family. Nunes, considered to be one of the greatest mathematicians of his time, is best known for his contributions in the nautical sciences (navigation and cartography), which he approached, for the first time, in a mathematical way. He was the first to propose the idea of a loxodrome, and was the inventor of several measuring devices, including the nonius (from which Vernier scale was derived), named after his Latin surname. Little is known\",\n \"Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador) without difficulties — the boats were deteriorated and taking on water, and some mutinous sailors refused to work the pumps — they were able to complete their voyage and disembark in the port of Carenas (Havana). Francisco Hernández de Córdoba barely reached Cuba; suffering from his mortal wounds, he expired within days of reaching the port, along with three other sailors. The discovery of \\\"El Gran Cairo\\\", in March 1517, was without a doubt a crucial moment in the Spanish perception of the natives of the Americas: until then, nothing had resembled the stories of Marco Polo, or the promises\",\n \"Northwest Passage west to what is now the Canadian Arctic in order to find the passage. Frobisher Bay, which he first charted, is named after him. As part of another expedition, in July 1583 Sir Humphrey Gilbert, who had written a treatise on the discovery of the passage and was a backer of Frobisher, claimed the territory of Newfoundland for the English crown. On August 8, 1585, the English explorer John Davis entered Cumberland Sound, Baffin Island. The major rivers on the east coast were also explored in case they could lead to a transcontinental passage. Jacques Cartier's explorations of the Saint\",\n \"Christopher Columbus the Pinzón brothers (Martín Alonso and Vicente Yáñez). Columbus first sailed to the Canary Islands, which belonged to Castile. He restocked provisions and made repairs in Gran Canaria, then departed from San Sebastián de La Gomera on 6 September, for what turned out to be a five-week voyage across the ocean. At about 2:00 in the morning of 12 October (21 October, Gregorian Calendar New Style), a lookout on the \\\"Pinta\\\", Rodrigo de Triana (also known as Juan Rodríguez Bermeo), spotted land, and immediately alerted the rest of the crew with a shout. Thereupon, the captain of the \\\"Pinta\\\", Martín\",\n \"sea, and that the \\\"Indians\\\" were waiting in the forests to ambush his armada. In 1525 Francisco de Hoces was the first to speculate that Tierra del Fuego was one or more islands rather than part of what was then called Terra Australis. Francis Drake in 1578 and a Dutch East India Company expedition in 1616 learned more about the geography. The latter expedition named Cape Horn. On his first voyage with in 1830, Robert FitzRoy picked up four native Fuegians, including \\\"Jemmy Button\\\" (\\\"Orundellico\\\") and brought them to England. The surviving three were taken to London to meet the\",\n \"Discovery (1602 ship) Discovery or Discoverie was a small 20-ton, 38 foot (12 m) long \\\"fly-boat\\\" of the British East India Company, launched before 1602. It was one of the three ships (along with \\\"Susan Constant\\\" and \\\"Godspeed\\\") on the 1606-1607 voyage to the New World for the English Virginia Company of London. The journey resulted in the founding of Jamestown in the new Colony of Virginia. In 1602, George Weymouth became the first European to explore what would later be called Hudson Strait when he sailed \\\"Discovery\\\" 300 nautical miles into the Strait. Weymouth’s expedition to find the Northwest\",\n \"History of Portugal and Spain in terms of economic, political and cultural influence. Though not dominant in European affairs, Portugal did have an extensive colonial trading empire throughout the world backed by a powerful thalassocracy. The beginnings of the Portuguese Empire can be traced to 25 July 1415, when the Portuguese Armada set sail for the rich Islamic trading center of Ceuta in North Africa. The Armada was accompanied by King John I, his sons Prince Duarte (a future king), Prince Pedro, and Prince Henry the Navigator, and the legendary Portuguese hero Nuno Álvares Pereira. On 21 August 1415, Ceuta was conquered by\",\n \"Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi nephew) did not embark, that the supplies were for \\\"ten years\\\", that the names of the vessels were \\\"Sanctus Antonius\\\" and \\\"Alegranzia\\\", and that the ship made a brief stop at Majorca before proceeding. Jean Gimpel suggests that the two Franciscan monks who accompanied the Vivaldi brothers may have read the \\\"Opus Majus\\\" written by their fellow Franciscan, Roger Bacon, in which Bacon suggested that the distance separating Spain and India was not great, a theory that was later repeated by Pierre d'Ailly and tested by Christopher Columbus. It is uncertain how far the Vivaldi brothers reached. The Vivaldi brothers\",\n \"Jacques Cartier weather and hostile natives drove the would-be settlers to despair. Cartier spent the rest of his life in Saint-Malo and his nearby estate, where he often was useful as an interpreter in Portuguese. He died at age 65 on September 1, 1557, during an epidemic, possibly of typhus, though many sources list his cause of death as unknown. Cartier is interred in St. Vincent's Cathedral. No permanent European settlements were made in Canada before 1605, when Samuel Champlain founded Port Royal in present-day Victoria Beach just outside Annapolis Royal. Having already located the entrance to the St. Lawrence on his\",\n \"Flor de la Mar leaks, she was forced to dock once again in Mozambique island for lengthy repairs. This time, she would stay stuck in the channel for some ten months. Nova attempted to take her out repeatedly, but the heavy-laden ship kept running into problems, forcing him to return to the island, repair and try again. The ship and her frustrated captain were still stuck in Mozambique when they were found in February 1507—almost exactly one year after \\\"Flor do Mar\\\" left India—by the outgoing 8th India armada under the command of Tristão da Cunha. Cunha ordered his crews to help repair the\",\n \"Pedro Páez of the treatise \\\"De Abyssinorum erroribus\\\". \\\"História da Ethiopia\\\" has been translated to English by Christopher J. Tribe and published by The Hakluyt Society in 2011. Pedro Páez Pedro Páez Jaramillo (Portuguese: \\\"Pêro Pais;\\\" 1564 – May 22, 1622) was a Spanish Jesuit missionary in Ethiopia. Páez is considered by many experts on Ethiopia to be the most effective Catholic missionary in Ethiopia. He is believed to be the first European to see and describe the source of the Blue Nile. His two-volume \\\"História da Ethiópia\\\" (History of Ethiopia) is regarded by scholars of Ethiopian history as one of the\",\n \"Cook Islands century by Polynesian people who migrated from Tahiti, an island to the northeast. Spanish ships visited the islands in the 16th century; the first written record of contact with the islands came in 1595 with the sighting of Pukapuka by Spanish sailor Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira, who called it \\\"San Bernardo\\\" (Saint Bernard). Pedro Fernandes de Queirós, a Portuguese captain working for the Spanish crown, made the first recorded European landing in the islands when he set foot on Rakahanga in 1606, calling it \\\"Gente Hermosa\\\" (Beautiful People). British navigator Captain James Cook arrived in 1773 and 1777 and\",\n \"looking toward its surrounding gardens. Fontanilla The Fontanilla is the former public fountain of Palos de la Frontera in Spain where, according to tradition, these fountains provided the water for the ships of Cristopher Columbus's first voyage—the \\\"Santa María\\\", the \\\"Niña\\\", and the \\\"Pinta\\\"—when, on 3 August 1492, they departed from Palos de la Frontera, captained by Columbus and by Palos's own Pinzón Brothers. That voyage is widely considered to constitute the discovery of the Americas by Europeans. La Fontanilla is the least dramatic, but perhaps the most original and authentic monument among the so-called \\\"Lugares colombinos\\\", the places in\",\n \"Portuguese Empire the coast each year for five years, discovered the islands of the Gulf of Guinea, including São Tomé and Príncipe and found a thriving alluvial gold trade among the natives and visiting Arab and Berber traders at the port then named Mina (the mine), where he established a trading post. Trade between Elmina and Portugal grew throughout a decade. In 1481, the recently crowned João II decided to build São Jorge da Mina in order to ensure the protection of this trade, which was held again as a royal monopoly. The Equator was crossed by navigators sponsored by Fernão Gomes\",\n \"Bay is likely N. de Morena who was left at New Albion at Drakes Bay in Marin County, California by Sir Francis Drake in 1579 and then walked to Mexico. The first recorded European discovery of San Francisco Bay was on November 4, 1769 when Spanish explorer Gaspar de Portolà, unable to find the port of Monterey, California, continued north close to what is now Pacifica and reached the summit of the Sweeney Ridge, now marked as the place where he first sighted San Francisco Bay. Portolá and his party did not realize what they had discovered, thinking they had\",\n \"Miguel López de Legazpi Miguel López de Legazpi Miguel López de Legazpi (; c. 1502 – August 20, 1572), also known as El Adelantado and El Viejo (The Elder), was a Basque-Spanish navigator and governor who established the first Spanish settlement in the East Indies when his expedition crossed the Pacific Ocean from the Viceroyalty of New Spain in modern-day Mexico, arrived in Cebu of the Philippine Islands, 1565. He was the first Governor-General of the Spanish East Indies which included the Philippines and other Pacific archipelagos, namely Guam and the Marianas Islands. After obtaining peace with various indigenous nations and kingdoms, Miguel López\",\n \"Farallon Islands the English privateer and explorer Sir Francis Drake, on July 24, 1579. On that day, Drake landed on the islands in order to collect seal meat and bird eggs for his ship. He named them the Islands of Saint James because the day after his arrival was the feast day of St James the Great. The name of St James is now applied to only one of the rocky islets of the North Farallones. The islands were apparently first given their names of the “Farallones” (literally, “cliffs”) by Friar Antonio de la Ascencion, aboard the Spanish explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno's 1603\",\n \"Joseph Banks Sir Joseph Banks, 1st Baronet, (19 June 1820) was an English naturalist, botanist and patron of the natural sciences. Banks made his name on the 1766 natural history expedition to Newfoundland and Labrador. He took part in Captain James Cook's first great voyage (1768–1771), visiting Brazil, Tahiti, and, after 6 months in New Zealand, Australia, returning to immediate fame. He held the position of President of the Royal Society for over 41 years. He advised King George III on the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and by sending botanists around the world to collect plants, he made Kew the\",\n \"Mossel Bay of Cowherds). Dias is also credited with having given the Cape the name \\\"Cabo das Tormentas\\\" (the ‘Cape of Storms’), although King John II later changed this to \\\"Cabo da Boa Esperança\\\" (the Cape of Good Hope). Dias’ excursion ashore ended hastily when the local people chased him off in a hail of stones. By the time the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama reached the area in 1497, the Bay had been marked on the maps as \\\"Aguada de São Brás\\\", (the Watering Place of St Blaize - whose feast is celebrated on 3 February). Da Gama bartered successfully for\",\n \"Ferdinand Magellan the Treaty of Tordesillas. Christopher Columbus's voyages to the West (1492–1503) had the goal of reaching the Indies and to establish direct commercial relations between Spain and the Asian kingdoms. The Spanish soon realized that the lands of the Americas were not a part of Asia, but a new continent. The 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas reserved for Portugal the eastern routes that went around Africa, and Vasco da Gama and the Portuguese arrived in India in 1498. Castile (\\\"Spain\\\") urgently needed to find a new commercial route to Asia. After the Junta de Toro conference of 1505, the Spanish Crown\",\n \"a few years later Barbosa (1514) described it under the name Baxay (pronounced Basai) as a town with a good seaport belonging to the King of Gujarat. In 1295, Italian explorer Marco Polo passed through Vasai. The Portuguese first reached the west coast of India when the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama landed at Calicut in 1498. According to historian Manuel de Faria e Sousa, the coast of Basai was first visited by the Portuguese in 1509, when Francisco de Almeida on his way to Diu captured a Muslim ship in the harbour of Mumbai, with 24 citizens of the\",\n \"Tenararo made during the Spanish expedition of the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernández de Quirós on 5 February 1606 under the name \\\"Las Cuatro Coronadas\\\" (the \\\"four crowned\\\" (by coconut palms)), however these observations were not fully documented. As such, the first unambiguous approach to the island was made on 14 March 1828 by the explorer Hugh Cuming in his ship the Discoverer captained by Samuel Grimwood. The next visit was in 1833 by navigator Thomas Ebrill on his merchant vessel \\\"Amphitrite\\\" and again in 1837 by Lord Edward Russell, commander of the H.M.S Actaeon, the name given to the group. It\",\n \"diving and birdwatching, unspoiled wildlife habitat and laid-back atmosphere. Despite its small size, the island hosts a heritage festival and parade as part of Pirates Week, the annual Mardi Gras celebration of the Cayman Islands and the Sister Islands Cook-off. The first recorded sighting of Little Cayman, along with Cayman Brac, was by Christopher Columbus on May 10, 1503 on his fourth and final voyage, when heavy winds forced his ship off course. At that time, he named the islands \\\"Las Tortugas\\\" for the many sea turtles found living there. The islands were later renamed \\\"Las Caymanas\\\" for the iguanas\",\n \"Early world maps discoveries in the east and west. It is named after Alberto Cantino, an agent for the Duke of Ferrara, who successfully smuggled it from Portugal to Italy in 1502. It shows the islands of the Caribbean and the Florida coastline, as well as Africa, Europe and Asia. The map is particularly notable for portraying a fragmentary record of the Brazilian coast, discovered in 1500 by Portuguese explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral who conjectured whether it was merely an island or part of the continent that several Spanish expeditions had just encountered farther north (cf. Amerigo Vespucci). The Caverio Map, also known\",\n \"Portugal India, Muscat and Ormuz in the Persian Strait, and Malacca, now a state in Malaysia. Thus, the Portuguese empire held dominion over commerce in the Indian Ocean and South Atlantic. Portuguese sailors set out to reach Eastern Asia by sailing eastward from Europe, landing in such places as Taiwan, Japan, the island of Timor, and in the Moluccas. Although for a long period it was believed the Dutch were the first Europeans to arrive in Australia, there is also some evidence that the Portuguese may have discovered Australia in 1521. The Treaty of Zaragoza, signed on 22 April 1529 between\",\n \"Juan José Pérez Hernández Juan José Pérez Hernández Juan José Pérez Hernández (born Joan Perés ca. 1725 – November 3, 1775), often simply Juan Pérez, was an 18th-century Spanish explorer. He was the first European to sight, examine, name, and record the islands near present-day British Columbia, Canada. Born in Palma de Mallorca, Spain, he first served as a \\\"piloto\\\" in western Spanish colonial North America on Manila galleons en route to and from the Philippines in the Spanish East Indies. In 1768, he was assigned to the Pacific port of San Blas, in the Viceroyalty of New Spain (present day Mexico), and acquired\",\n \"Pitcairn Islands Bautista (\\\"Saint John the Baptist\\\"), respectively. However, some sources express doubt about exactly which of the islands were visited and named by Queirós, suggesting that La Encarnación may actually have been Henderson Island, and San Juan Bautista may have been Pitcairn Island. Pitcairn Island was sighted on 3 July 1767 by the crew of the British sloop HMS \\\"Swallow\\\", commanded by Captain Philip Carteret. The island was named after Midshipman Robert Pitcairn, a fifteen-year-old crew member who was the first to sight the island. Robert Pitcairn was a son of British Marine Major John Pitcairn, who later was killed at\",\n \"Francisco de Almeida Dom Francisco de Almeida (), also known as \\\"the Great Dom Francisco\\\" (c. 1450–1 March 1510), was a Portuguese nobleman, soldier and explorer. He distinguished himself as a counsellor to King John II of Portugal and later in the wars against the Moors and in the conquest of Granada in 1492. In 1505 he was appointed as the first governor and viceroy of the Portuguese State of India (\\\"Estado da Índia\\\"). Almeida is credited with establishing Portuguese hegemony in the Indian Ocean, with his victory at the naval Battle of Diu in 1509. Before Almeida could return\",\n \"Vila do Porto 1439, a royal charter from Infante D. Pedro, regent of D. Afonso V, referred to the fact that Prince Henry the Navigator had ordered that sheep be set ashore along the seven islands of the Azores (since Corvo and Flores had, at the time, not been discovered). São Miguel and Santa Maria were the first islands to be settled by families from Estremadura, Alto Alentejo and Algarve, facilitated by Gonçalo Velho, then first donatary-captain of the Azores. Gonçalo Velho Cabral, nobleman in the House of the Infante D. Henrique (Henry the Navigator) and commander in the Order of Christ, arrived\",\n \"Padrón Real pilots who contributed to and used the map included Amerigo Vespucci, Diogo Ribeiro, Sebastian Cabot, Alonzo de Santa Cruz, and Juan Lopez de Velasco. The Padrón Real was constantly improved from its first version in 1507/08. It was produced by the Seville-based Spanish organization, the \\\"Casa de Contratación\\\", established in 1503. All returning ships had to report any details of new lands or discoveries they had made to the \\\"Casa de Contratación\\\", together with latitudes and longitudes. The ship's officers were put under oath before they testified. The pilots at the \\\"Casa de Contratación\\\" then plotted this information on their\",\n \"who founded Nombre de Jesús and Rey Don Felipe on the northern shore of the strait. These towns suffered severe food shortages, and when the English navigator Sir Thomas Cavendish landed at the site of Rey Don Felipe in 1587, he found only ruins of the settlement. He renamed the place \\\"Port Famine\\\". Other early explorers included Francis Drake (1578). In February 1696 the first French expedition, under the command of M. de Gennes reached the Strait of Magellan. The expedition is described by the young French explorer, engineer and hydrographer François Froger in his \\\"A Relation of a Voyage\\\"\",\n \"to Santo Domingo, but bad weather forced him to land in Cuba, where he died from his injuries. Later, his only son, Archbishop Rodrigo de Bastidas y Rodriguez de Romera, moved his remains to Santo Domingo where he is interred along with his wife and son at The Cathedral of Santa María la Menor in the Colonial Zone of Santo Domingo, the oldest cathedral in the Americas. Rodrigo de Bastidas Rodrigo de Bastidas (; Triana, Seville, Andalusia, c. 1465 – Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, 28 July 1527) was a Spanish conquistador and explorer who mapped the northern coast of South\",\n \"them both to little hammers. A much more detailed description of the first two ossicles followed in Andreas Vesalius' \\\"De humani corporis fabrica\\\" in which he devoted a chapter to them. Vesalius was the first to compare the second element of the ossicles to an anvil although he offered the molar as an alternative comparison for its shape. The first published description of the stapes came in Pedro Jimeno's \\\"Dialogus de re medica\\\" (1549) although it had been previously described in public lectures by Giovanni Filippo Ingrassia at the University of Naples as early as 1546. The term \\\"ossicle\\\" derives\",\n \"John Smith (explorer) set sail in three small ships, the \\\"Discovery\\\", the \\\"Susan Constant\\\", and the \\\"Godspeed\\\", on 20 December 1606. His page was a 12-year-old boy named Samuel Collier. During the voyage, Smith was charged with mutiny, and Captain Christopher Newport (in charge of the three ships) had planned to execute him. These events happened approximately when the expedition stopped in the Canary Islands for resupply of water and provisions. Smith was under arrest for most of the trip. However, upon first landing at what is now Cape Henry on 26 April 1607, unsealed orders from the Virginia Company designated Smith as\",\n \"navigators: Vasco da Gama, in 1497, on his way to India, and Christopher Columbus, in 1498, while on his third voyage to the Americas. In 1522, it was the stopping place for the later explorer Ferdinand Magellan who served under Spain on his way to circumnavigate the world. Cidade Velha has the oldest colonial church in the world - Nossa Senhora do Rosário church, which was constructed in 1495. In 1533, Cidade Velha became the seat of the new Roman Catholic Diocese of Santiago de Cabo Verde, created by papal bull of Pope Clement VII. Currently, the seat is in\",\n \"Portuguese Empire know what lay beyond Cape Bojador on the African coast. Henry wished to know how far the Muslim territories in Africa extended, and whether it was possible to reach Asia by sea, both to reach the source of the lucrative spice trade and perhaps to join forces with the fabled Christian kingdom of Prester John that was rumoured to exist somewhere in the \\\"Indies\\\". Under his sponsorship, soon the Atlantic islands of Madeira (1419) and Azores (1427) were reached and started to be settled producing wheat to export to Portugal. The main Portuguese goal was trade, not colonization or conquest.\",\n \"Niccolò de' Conti Conti's account was made in 1492 in the original Latin by Cristoforo da Bollate and dedicated to Pietro Cara, who was going on a journey to India. Various translations followed, into Portuguese (1502) and Spanish (1503). The first Italian-language edition appears to have been translated from the Portuguese edition, and was made a part of the collection of travellers’ accounts published in 1550 by Giovanni Battista Ramusio. The first English edition was translated from the Spanish, and printed in 1579 by John Frampton, using a combination of Marco Polo's and de Conti's narrations. Niccolò de' Conti Niccolò de' Conti (c.\",\n \"written in 1627 is considered the \\\"first classic of Brazil\\\". It is divided into five books, describing the \\\"modus vivendi\\\" in the early Portuguese colony. The book is divided into 48 chapters describing the characteristics of the colony, its climate, fauna, flora, its name, the discovery, settlement and the division of hereditary captaincies, as well as the pressure of French and Dutch privateers in the Brazilian coast. It is also one of the first studies on everyday life in the colony, reporting marriage customs, child rearing, funeral rites, indigenous languages and so on. Vicente do Salvador Vicente do Salvador born\",\n \"Gaspar de Portolà soldiers, five Baja California Indians, two muleteers, and Juan Crespí serving as the expedition's chaplain, again marched north. The expedition followed the same route they had the previous winter while returning to San Diego. After 36 days on the road, with only two days of rest, Portolà arrived at his second cross on May 24, 1770. He then saw that on a clear day and from a certain point of view the round harbor assumed the proportions described by the earlier enthusiastic explorers. Having recognized the bay, a Mass was conducted near the oak tree that the Carmelite missionaries with\",\n \"Age of Discovery what turned out to be a five-week voyage across the ocean, crossing a section of the Atlantic that became known as the Sargasso Sea. Land was sighted on 12 October 1492, and Columbus called the island (now The Bahamas) \\\"San Salvador\\\", in what he thought to be the \\\"West Indies\\\". Columbus also explored the northeast coast of Cuba (landed on 28 October) and the northern coast of Hispaniola, by 5 December. He was received by the native cacique Guacanagari, who gave him permission to leave some of his men behind. On the return, a storm forced him to dock in\",\n \"Marco Polo Marco Polo (, , ; 1254January 8–9, 1324) was an Italian merchant, explorer, and writer, born in the Republic of Venice. His travels are recorded in \\\"Livres des merveilles du monde\\\" (\\\"Book of the Marvels of the World\\\", also known as \\\"The Travels of Marco Polo\\\", c. 1300), a book that described to Europeans the wealth and great size of China, its capital Peking, and other Asian cities and countries. He learned the mercantile trade from his father and his uncle, Niccolò and Maffeo, who travelled through Asia and met Kublai Khan. In 1269, they returned to Venice\",\n \"emporium (although by this time, the gold trade was quite diminished from its heyday). In 1501 Sofala was scouted from the sea and its location determined by captain Sancho de Tovar. In 1502, Pedro Afonso de Aguiar (others say Vasco da Gama himself) led the first Portuguese ships into Sofala harbor. Aguiar (or Gama) sought out an audience with the ruling sheikh Isuf of Sofala (\\\"Yçuf\\\" in Barros \\\"Çufe\\\" in Goes). At the time, Isuf was engaged in a quarrel with Kilwa. The minister Emir Ibrahim had deposed and murdered the legitimate Sultan al-Fudail of Kilwa, and seized power for\",\n \"Portuguese Empire in 1473 and the Congo River by Diogo Cão in 1482. It was during this expedition that the Portuguese first encountered the Kingdom of Kongo, with which it soon developed a rapport. During his 1485–86 expedition, Cão continued to Cape Cross, in present-day Namibia, near the Tropic of Capricorn. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope on the southern tip of Africa, proving false the view that had existed since Ptolemy that the Indian Ocean was land-locked. Simultaneously Pêro da Covilhã, traveling secretly overland, had reached Ethiopia, suggesting that a sea route to the Indies would soon\",\n \"Waldseemüller map to the unexpected discovery of a New World. Just to the south of \\\"Mallaqua\\\" (Malacca) is the inscription: \\\"hic occisus est S. thomas\\\" (Here St. Thomas was killed), referring to the legend that Saint Thomas the Apostle went to India in 52 AD and was killed there in 72 AD. Waldseemüller had confused Malacca (Melaka) with Mylapore in India. The contemporary understanding of the nature of Columbus' discoveries is demonstrated in the letter written to him by the Aragonese cosmographer and Royal counsellor, Jaume Ferrer, dated 5 August 1495, saying: Divine and infallible Providence sent the great Thomas from the\",\n \"Duarte Barbosa Duarte Barbosa (c. 1480, Lisbon, Portugal1 May 1521, Philippines) was a Portuguese writer and officer from Portuguese India (between 1500 and 1516). He was a scrivener in a factory in Cannanore, and an interpreter of the local language, Malayalam. Barbosa wrote the \\\"Book of Duarte Barbosa\\\" (\\\"Livro de Duarte Barbosa\\\") c. 1516, making it one of the earliest examples of Portuguese travel literature. In 1519, Barbosa embarked on the first expedition to circumnavigate the world, led by his brother-in-law Ferdinand Magellan. He died in 1521 at the Battle of Mactan on Cebu Island in the Philippines. Barbosa's father\",\n \"Bartholomew Columbus Bartholomew Columbus (Genoese dialect: Bertomê Corombo; ; ; ) (c. 1461 – 1515) was an Italian explorer from Genoa and the younger brother of Christopher Columbus. Born in the Republic of Genoa, in the 1470s Bartholomew was a mapmaker in Lisbon, the principal center of cartography of the time, and conceived with his brother the \\\"Enterprise of the Indies\\\", a scheme to reach the Orient and its lucrative spice trade by a western rather than an eastern route. In 1489 he went to England to seek assistance from Henry VII for the execution of the scheme. He was\",\n \"in India, Gaspar da Gama fulfilled his mission with his interpreter services and knowledge of geopolitics and customs of India important in business meetings of Portuguese and Indian rajas in Calicut and Cochin. He returned on his own will to Portugal with Pedro Álvares Cabral. In 1501, the fleet met the expedition of Gaspar de Lemos appointed by the king of Portugal to explore the newly discovered lands of Brazil, near modern Dakar, Senegal. Talks between Gaspar da Gama and other members of the expedition with the Florentine Amerigo Vespucci who accompanied Gaspar de Lemos certainly strengthened the idea that\",\n \"the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde, explored the African coast, colonized selected areas of Africa, discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope, discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan. In 1415, Portugal acquired the first of its overseas colonies by conquering Ceuta, the first prosperous Islamic trade centre in North Africa. There followed the first discoveries in the Atlantic: Madeira and the Azores, which led to the first colonization movements. Throughout the 15th\",\n \"about 1520, with nearly eighty years. The change of Christian name \\\"Terra de Santa Cruz\\\" to \\\"Brazil\\\" is attributed by some to Gaspar da Gama and Fernão de Noronha, both being Jewish. However, this does not have an historical basis, being due to the intense trade in Brazilwood. Gaspar da Gama Gaspar da Gama also known as Gaspar da India and Gaspar de Almeida (probably Poznań, Poland c. 1444 - Calicut, India or Lisbon, Portugal c. 1510) was a traveller of Jewish origin who acted as interpreter (\\\"Língua\\\", in old Portuguese) and provided many services to the Portuguese maritime explorations,\",\n \"Portolà expedition of California from San Blas, arrived leaking on the east coast of Baja, requiring repairs there. On the shore of La Paz on January 9, 1769, friar Junípero Serra blessed the flagship \\\"San Carlos\\\" and its chaplain, friar Fernando Parrón. José de Gálvez, addressing the men waiting to board, declared their final destination as Monterey and their mission to plant the holy cross among the Indians. Friar Parrón boarded the \\\"San Carlos\\\" along with captain Vicente Vila, followed by lieutenant Pedro Fages with his 25 Catalan volunteers; cartographer Miguel Costansó, who made maps and drawings to describe the journey; surgeon\",\n \"up until that time. Fra Mauro created the map under a commission by King Afonso V of Portugal. Andrea Bianco, a sailor-cartographer, is recorded as having collaborated with Fra Mauro in creating the map, as payments made to him between 1448 and 1459 testify. The map was completed on 24 April 1459, and sent to Portugal, but that copy didn't survive. Along with the map was a letter from the Doge of Venice. It was intended for Prince Henry the Navigator, Afonso V's uncle. It encouraged the prince to continue funding exploratory journeys. Fra Mauro died the following year, while\",\n \"The New Found World, or Antarctike The New Found World, or Antarctike (French edition: \\\"Les singularitez de la France antarctique, autrement nommee Amerique, & de plusieurs terres et isles decouvertes de nostre temps,\\\" 1557) is an account published by the French Franciscan priest and explorer André Thevet detailing his experiences in France Antarctique, a French settlement in Rio de Janeiro. Thevet based his descriptions of Rio de Janeiro on his ten weeks spent living in Brazil, as well as drawing on the reports of other travelers. The first English translation of the book was published in 1568. Thevet describes the\",\n \"John I of Portugal Papal bull \\\"Sane charissimus\\\" of 4 April 1418, which confirmed to the king all of the lands he might win from the Moors. Under the auspices of Prince Henry the Navigator, voyages were organized to explore the African coast. These led to the discovery of the uninhabited islands of Madeira in 1417 and the Azores in 1427; all were claimed by the Portuguese crown. Contemporaneous writers describe John as a man of wit who was very keen on concentrating power on himself, but at the same time possessed a benevolent and kind demeanor. His youthful education as master of a\",\n \"Captain-major their first Donatary-Captains: There were three captaincies in the archipelago of Madeira, associated with the three principal discoverers of the islands: Following their discovery, Gonçalo Velho Cabral became the first Donatary-Captain of the islands, beginning with the island of Santa Maria, but later including the island of São Miguel when it was discovered. This captaincy, which lasted from 1439 to 1461, was described in 1460 by Henry the Navigator in a letter to Cabral as \\\"Capitão por mim em minhas ilhas de Santa Maria e São Miguel dos Açores\\\" (\\\"Captain for Me in My Islands of Santa Maria and São\",\n \"History of Madeira Madeira was the world's greatest producer of sugar. In the earliest times, fish constituted about half of the settlers' diet, together with vegetables and fruit. The first local agricultural activity with some success was the raising of wheat. Initially, the colonists produced wheat for their own sustenance but, later began to export wheat to Portugal. The discoveries of Porto Santo and Madeira were first described by Gomes Eanes de Zurara in \\\"Chronica da Descoberta e Conquista da Guiné\\\". (Eng. version by Edgar Prestage in 2 vols. issued by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1896-1899: \\\"The Chronicle of Discovery and Conquest of\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":371,"string":"371"}}},{"rowIdx":85,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who is responsible for the renovation of hoel lambert"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["Hôtel Lambert tenant Michèle Morgan suggested that super-rich clients wanting a tailor-made luxury modern residence should consider a larger site on the outskirts of Paris rather than a cramped position limited on all sides by the river Seine and listed monuments. However, Alain-Charles Perrot, the architect in charge of the project, suggested that there was an element of racism in the objections. After several years of wrangling, a truce was overseen by the Ministry of Culture and Paris City Hall, and the renovation was given the go-ahead under the supervision of Bâtiments de France, which safeguards historic monuments. Work began in 2010."],"string":"[\n \"Hôtel Lambert tenant Michèle Morgan suggested that super-rich clients wanting a tailor-made luxury modern residence should consider a larger site on the outskirts of Paris rather than a cramped position limited on all sides by the river Seine and listed monuments. However, Alain-Charles Perrot, the architect in charge of the project, suggested that there was an element of racism in the objections. After several years of wrangling, a truce was overseen by the Ministry of Culture and Paris City Hall, and the renovation was given the go-ahead under the supervision of Bâtiments de France, which safeguards historic monuments. Work began in 2010.\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["it a different shape. The developer of the Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre, New World Development, which is a subsidiary of Chow Tai Fook Enterprises, held a competition to design the building. The American firm Kohn Pedersen Fox won the competition in 2009 and thus became the main architect. The Guangzhou Design Institute and Leigh & Orange became the architects of record and the British Arup Group was chosen to engineer the building. The groundbreaking took place on September 29, 2009 – about half a year after the designing process started. China State Construction Engineering was the contractor. The Guangzhou CTF","up to a new influence. Bob Marley probably felt the same way the first time he heard Curtis Mayfield.\" According to the band's manager Scott Rodger, the album cost $1.6 million to make. Recording in Louisiana, the band began work on \"Reflektor\" in 2011, and subsequently moved to Jamaica the following year with producer Markus Dravs. Working on roughly sixty song ideas, the band wrote and recorded in an abandoned castle, named Trident: \"The castle was built in 1979, or something, by this eccentric Jamaican dude who just wanted to hang out with royalty. And it kind of worked. After","a pavilion was added the following year, and a cinema was opened in 1942. The pier was badly damaged on 25 August 1952 after a fire which started in the cinema, and did not fully reopen until 1958. At various times it has been an amusement complex, bar and dance hall. The Stefani family were the longest owners in the Pier's history, owning and running Fleetwood Pier from the 1960s until 2000. The pier was first closed in 2000 when its owners went into liquidation, but it was reopened under new ownership in 2003, after Roger Stefani sold it on.","Biltmore Estate The village included rental cottages complete with plumbing and central heating, a post office, shops, doctor's office, school, and a church, known today as the Cathedral of All Souls. Intending that the estate could be self-supporting, Vanderbilt set up scientific forestry programs, poultry farms, cattle farms, hog farms, and a dairy. His wife, Edith, also enthusiastically supported agricultural reform and promoted the establishment of a state agricultural fair. In 1901, the Vanderbilts provided financial assistance to Biltmore Industries, started by Biltmore Village resident Eleanor Vance, which taught young people how to make hand-carved furniture, woven baskets, homespun wool fabric, and","Klosterneuburg Monastery to reduced numbers—at one point leaving the monastery in the care of only seven canons. The success of the Counter-Reformation during the seventeenth century strengthened and renewed the monastery. Between 1634 and 1645, the first phase of remodeling the abbey church in the Baroque style took place. Artists from northern Italy were brought in to work on the project, under the guidance of Giovanni Battista Carlone. In 1636, the crossing tower was demolished. Between 1638 and 1644, the north tower of the abbey church was constructed. In 1644, a 6000-kg bell was cast and installed in the north tower, named","2004. In 2005/6 Hymer and Dethleffs established of Capron Ltd., which distributes vehicles under the Carado and Sunlight brands. On 29 October 2011, the €17 million Erwin Hymer Museum opened in Bad Waldsee. In 2016, Hymer acquired North American manufacturer Roadtrek. In 2018, Thor Industries acquired Hymer. In financial year 2010/2011, Hymer Group turned over €792 million, with a workforce of 2,600 creating 14,243 motorhomes and 6,317 caravans. The Hymer Group operates from factories in: Hymer Hymer AG is a motorhome and caravan manufacturer, located in Bad Waldsee, Germany. One of the largest manufacturers of motorhomes and caravans in Europe,","Salzburg Cathedral using the foundations of St. Rupert. The first Dom was recorded in 774. The so-called Virgil Dom was built from 767 to 774 and was 66 metres long and 33 metres wide. Archbishop Arno (785 – 821) arranged the first renovations of the Dom, less than 70 years after its completion. In 842, the building burned after a lightning strike. Three years later, work began to rebuild the structure. Under Archbishop Hartwig, the sanctuary expanded to the west with addition of a choir and crypt between 1000 and 1080. Archbishop Konrad I added the west towers from 1106 to 1147.","Schuylkill Fishing Company remained until 1944. In 1944, the former estate of William B. Chamberlain, Devon House on the Delaware River near Andalusia, Pennsylvania, was conveyed to the State in Schuylkill. The Company moved all of its possessions, including the Castle and Kitchen, to this new site. Inside the State House, portraits of the Governors lined the north wall of the entry hall and part of its south side. There were interesting ones of Governors Thomas Stretch and Samuel Morris, and several of the nineteenth century successors, as well as likenesses in oil of all nine Governors who served between 1896 and 1970.","and as St Agnes. Its unusual double dedication, unique in the City, seems to have been acquired some time in the 15th century. The church was gutted by a fire in 1548 but was rebuilt soon after. Further work was done in 1624. However, the building's 14th century tower was its only section to survive the Great Fire of London in 1666 (and then only partially). St Anne and St Agnes was rebuilt by Sir Christopher Wren in 1680, with possible contributions from Robert Hooke. The small brick church is of an unusual design in London, being based on that","they had visited in Germany. The design of The Old Rep was particularly influenced by Max Littmann's 1908 Künstlertheater in Munich. In 2014, Birmingham Ormiston Academy, also known as BOA, successfully tendered for The Old Rep Theatre. The theatre is situated just opposite New Street Station, from which a blue plaque, above the theatre's first floor windows, to Barry Jackson can be seen. Two doors down is Britain's oldest working cinema, the Electric Cinema. Construction on the venue began in October 1912 and continued day and night for four months. The Grade II listed building has been well-preserved and still","3, Triq ix-Xatt announced by Minister Owen Bonnici (Ministry for Justice, Culture and Local Government) that Pace was to be ending his time as superintendent and his post to be taken by Joe Magro Conti. In 2017, the Local Council has described the building of being a local and national heritage, irrelevant of the decision, and recommended the Planning Authority to review its decision. The Council commented: The Local Council has filed to appeal of the proposal in June 2018, and on that day it planned to urgently meet on May 18, 2018. The Council initially opposed any change to the historic building,","Al-Gawhara Palace Turkish \"kushk\". It has Western style windows which were often topped with an oval oeil-de-boeuf. The French architect and engineer Pascal Coste was employed to add the residential quarters for the palace servants and functionaries. On one side of the palace was a \"haush\" (courtyard) and on the other, were views of the pyramids and the Nile. In 1822, a fire destroyed the palace's wooden construction in a blaze that lasted for 2 days. Later, Muhammad Ali had the structure expanded and elaborated upon with the construction of \"a large marble fountain, columned stone terraces and porticoes, parterres of flower","his first woodworking shop in 1819 in Boppard, the name Thonet has stood for high-quality, innovative and elegant furniture. Today, Thorsten Muck runs the company with its head offices and production facilities in Frankenberg. Michael Thonet’s direct descendants in the fifth and sixth generation remain involved in the company’s business as associates and sales partners. The collection comprises famous bentwood furniture, tubular steel classics from the Bauhaus era, and current designs by famous contemporary architects and designers. Often mispronounced \"Tho-nay\" the name is pronounced \"toe-net\" with a hard beginning and ending \"t\". The Museum of Applied Arts, MAK Vienna hosts","Balthasar Neumann Johann Balthasar Neumann (; 27 January 1687 (?)– 19 August 1753), usually known as Balthasar Neumann, was a German architect and military artillery engineer who developed a refined brand of Baroque architecture, fusing Austrian, Bohemian, Italian, and French elements to design some of the most impressive buildings of the period, including the Würzburg Residence and the Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers (called \"Vierzehnheiligen\" in German). The Würzburg Residence is considered one of the most beautiful and well proportioned palaces in Europe and the Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers is considered by some as the crowning work","Christ Church (Melaka) Malacca was transferred to the British East India Company and in 1838, the church was re-consecrated with the rites of the Church of England by Daniel Wilson, Bishop of Calcutta and renamed Christ Church. The maintenance of the church was taken over by the Government of the Straits Settlements in 1858. Originally painted white, the church and the neighbouring Stadthuys building was painted red in 1911 and this distinctive colour scheme has remained the hallmark of Malacca's Dutch-era buildings since. The church is built in Dutch Colonial architecture style and is laid out in a simple rectangle of by .","and built from 1509 to 1512 is Germany's first renaissance building and contains the tombs of the brothers Ulrich, Georg and Jakob. The Fuggerei which was founded by Jakob in 1521 is the world's oldest social housing complex still in use. The Damenhof, part of the Fuggerhäuser in Augsburg, is the first secular renaissance building in Germany and was built in 1515. At his death on 30 December 1525, Jakob Fugger bequeathed to his nephew Anton Fugger company assets totaling 2,032,652 guilders. He is among the most well known Germans and arguably the most famous citizen of Augsburg, with his","Château de Selles-sur-Cher gallery. Starting in 1880, the castle underwent significant restoration work under the du Moulinet d'Hardemare family. Architect Pierre Chauvallon led a major restoration of the château in 1913. The castle had been abandoned by 2002. It was purchased by Michel Guyot and his wife, Noémi Brunet. Guyot has done restoration work on previous castles, including Château de Saint-Fargeau, and is behind the Guédelon Castle project. In 2012, it was opened to the public. Later that year, they sold it to Nicolas Mazzesi and his wife Katherine Wu, who plan to open a winery on the site. The château hosts festivals","The Manor (Los Angeles) The Manor, also known as Spelling Manor, is a mansion located in the Holmby Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, across the street from Holmby Park. Constructed in 1988 for television producer Aaron Spelling, it is the largest home in Los Angeles County. It is currently owned by British heiress Petra Stunt, daughter of Formula One racing magnate Bernie Ecclestone. Stunt purchased the home in 2011 for $85 million after it had been on the market for two years with an asking price of $150 million, making it the most expensive residential real estate listing in","surrounded by a \"ring of fire\", and he did not intend to cause significant harm to the work, the resulting fire caused worth of damage and the statue had to be demolished. Fortunately the statue was insured for , and the original artist—Ben van Zetten with help from artist Lawry Love Grima—agreed to rebuild the work. The new statue was rededicated on the site of the old on 3 June 2007, just over a year after the original was destroyed. The replacement Map the Miner was said to be \"much more resistant to damage\" than the original, and the artist","Château Frontenac a more picturesque building. Since its completion, the hotel has undergone several major expansions and renovations led by several different architects and architectural firms. William Sutherland Maxwell led two major expansions to the hotel, one in 1908–09, and another in 1920–24 (co-led with his brother, Edward Maxwell). Renovations in the 1990s was led by the Arcop, a architectural firm based in Montreal. The hotel was again expanded in 1993, with the addition of a new wing. Access to the hotel's main entrance is marked by several porte-cochère with large dormers and a cupola. The porte-cochère leads guests into the hotel's","pears, apricots, plums and peaches. In its new incarnation as Boschendal - The Estate, the former \"Rhodes Fruit Farms\" continues to be a major source of employment for local communities. The Boschendal estate is crowned by the original Cape Dutch manor house, which is open to visitors, together with associated restaurants and outbuildings and visitor attractions. In the late 1960s the estate was taken over by the Anglo American Corporation, before being sold in 2003 to a consortium of international investors, led by the property developer Clive Venning. Property Developer. In 2012 the estate was sold to a consortium of","The Hamilton. The company secured a 40-year lease from the landlord (Germany-based Deka Immobilien Investment) at $20.00 per square foot, which rises to just $29 per square foot after 40 years. Although the multi-level restaurant and music venue cost $24 million to construct, the District of Columbia gave Clyde's $5 million in tax increment financing. Within a year of its opening, Laytham said it employed 355 people. According to Clyde's Restaurant Group chief executive officer John Laytham, the company opens a new location \"Every few years\". Clyde's Restaurant Group Clyde's Restaurant Group is a private company that, as of 2015,","assigned to the Hon. Jason Kenney who was appointed Minister for Multiculturalism in addition to his other portfolios. Those portfolios and responsibilities such as for the Canadian Race Relations Foundation, were returned to the Heritage Minister with the swearing in of the 29th Canadian Ministry in November 2015. The present Minister of Canadian Heritage, since 18 July 2018, is the Hon. Pablo Rodriguez. Rodriguez is also responsible for the National Capital Commission, which was formerly under the senior Ottawa-area cabinet minister under the Harper government, and the Canadian Secretary to the Queen, which was previously under the Privy Council Office.","Robert Hooke 1666, and also worked on the design of London's Monument to the fire, the Royal Greenwich Observatory, Montagu House in Bloomsbury, and the Bethlem Royal Hospital (which became known as 'Bedlam'). Other buildings designed by Hooke include The Royal College of Physicians (1679), Ragley Hall in Warwickshire, Ramsbury Manor in Wiltshire and the parish church of St Mary Magdalene at Willen in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. Hooke's collaboration with Christopher Wren also included St Paul's Cathedral, whose dome uses a method of construction conceived by Hooke. Hooke also participated in the design of the Pepys Library, which held the manuscripts of","Gemeentemuseum Den Haag The Gemeentemuseum Den Haag () is an art museum in The Hague in the Netherlands, founded in 1866. It is renowned for its large Mondrian collection, the largest in the world. His last work, \"Victory Boogie-Woogie\", is on display here. The museum building was constructed between 1931–1935, designed by the Dutch architect H.P. Berlage. \"GEM\" (museum for contemporary art) and \"Fotomuseum Den Haag\" (The Hague museum for photography) are part of the Gemeentemuseum, though not housed in the same building and with a separate entrance fee. The museum's collection of modern art includes works by international artists","Hovdala Castle did not move out until 1981. From 1944, the former land of the estate was used as a military training field. Today the land belongs to Hässleholm municipality. A renovation of the castle was initiated in 1993. In 2004, renovation project was awarded the Europa Nostra award for \"sensitive and intelligent restoration work.\" The castle complex consists of three buildings placed in a u-shape around a courtyard. These main buildings are surrounded by a former moat, which has today dried out. The oldest (northern) of the three buildings date from the early 16th century, possibly 1511 as is stated on","Historic Places. Architect Frank Lloyd Wright called the Wainwright Building \"the very first human expression of a tall steel office-building as Architecture.\" The building is currently owned by the State of Missouri and houses state offices. In May 2013 it was listed by an episode of the PBS series 10 That Changed America as one of \"10 Buildings That Changed America\" because it was \"the first skyscraper that truly looked the part\" with Sullivan being dubbed the \"Father of Skyscrapers.\" The Wainwright building was commissioned by Ellis Wainwright, a St. Louis brewer. Wainwright needed office space to manage the St","the Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site and has been designated as a National Historic Landmark. Dr. Ned Friedman is the eighth and current Director of the Arnold Arboretum. He is also the Arnold Professor of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. The Arboretum is privately endowed as a department of Harvard University. The land was deeded to the City of Boston in 1882 and incorporated into the \"Emerald Necklace\". Under the agreement with the City, Harvard University was given a thousand-year lease on the property, and the University, as trustee, is directly responsible for the development, maintenance, and","Chigi Chapel and the three scenes from the story of Noah, that make up the last section of Michelangelo's great sequence, are missing. Around 1602 Vincenzo I Gonzaga, the Duke of Mantua commissioned Pietro Facchetti to make copies of the Genesis frescos and the cosmological mosaics of the dome. The oil paintings were gifts to the Duke of Lerma, the most influential man in the court of Philip III of Spain, and they were brought to Valladolid in 1603 together with other copies of famous Italian artworks by Peter Paul Rubens, a young Flemish painter working for Duke Vincenzo at the time.","General Schuyler House The Schuyler House or General Schuyler House was built in November 1777 over 29 days for General Philip Schuyler (later Senator Schuyler). Schuyler was Alexander Hamilton's father-in-law. It is now part of Saratoga National Historical Park (located 8 miles away). The British Army occupied the house during the American Revolution and burned it down upon their retreat under the command of General John Burgoyne. After the British surrender it was rebuilt, including with salvaged glass, nails, locks and hinges recovered from the burned home. General Schuyler conducted his business affairs from the home. It has been visited","Marc Chagall \"master of colour and the biblical message\" to create a sign for Jewish-Christian attachment and international understanding. Centuries earlier Mainz had been \"the capital of European Jewry\", and contained the largest Jewish community in Europe, notes historian John Man. In 1978, at the age of 91, Chagall created the first window and eight more followed. Chagall's collaborator Charles Marq complemented Chagall's work by adding several stained glass windows using the typical colours of Chagall. All Saints' Church, Tudeley is the only church in the world to have all its twelve windows decorated by Chagall. The other three religious buildings with","impressed with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's \"The Sorrows of Young Werther\" (1774) and named his newly founded company Lotte after the character Charlotte in the novel (\"Charlotte\" is also the name of a new brand of deluxe movie theatres run by Lotte). Lotte's current marketing slogan in Japan is . \"Lotte Corporation\" – Lotte group's world headquarters – are located in Myeongdong, Seoul and Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd. in Shinjuku, Tokyo. It is controlled by the founder Shin Kyuk-Ho's extended family. Lotte group's major businesses are food products, shopping, finance, construction, amusement parks, hotels, trade, oil and sports. Lotte also","the Two Ravens), built in 1681, which has housed a restaurant since 2007. The Abbey submitted a planning application on 14 August 2015 and estimated a total cost of 6.5 million Swiss francs, then hired architects Pius Bieri and Frank Roskothen to lead the work. The application was approved on 8 October 2015 and began shortly thereafter. The work cost 7 million Swiss Francs (CHF), of which four million francs were collected by the Friends of Ufenau Island, the municipality of Freienbach, and Canton Schwyz. For the missing funds, the Einsiedeln Abbey agreed the acquisition of a substantial share of","house pulled down and a new one constructed slightly further north in about 1754. The design of the new Palladian mansion has been attributed to the architect Isaac Ware in \"Vitruvius Britannicus\" iv (1777, pls. 8-10), but it has also been suggested that Matthew Brettingham the Younger or Daniel Garrett could have been the designer. Following the model of the Villa Capra, it had a large square central block surmounted by a wide dome, with a portico on each face, all constructed in stone. Three of the porticos at Foots Cray Place were filled in to create additional internal space.","by Henrik Fisker including cars like BMW Z8, Aston Martin DB9, Aston Martin V8 Vantage, Fisker Karma, VLF Rocket, and the VLF Force 1 V10. In January 2016, Fisker formed VLF Automotive with manufacturer and former Boeing executive Gilbert Villarreal, and auto engineer and former General Motors executive Bob Lutz, to manufacture small-run handcrafted luxury cars. Based in Auburn Hills, Michigan, VLF is the successor to VL Automotive, which was launched in 2013 and led by Villarreal and Lutz. VLF unveiled the Force 1 V10 American supercar at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit on 12 January 2016.","baroque and neo-classical styles by Ferdinand von Hohenberg. The Palffy Palace was built in the sixteenth century. Josefsplatz was featured as a notable location in the film \"The Third Man\" (1949). Josefsplatz was selected as a main motif of one of the very recent Austrian euro collectors' coins: the 5 euro Austrian 2006 EU Presidency commemorative coin, minted on 18 January 2006. The reverse shows the Hofburg Palace in the square. The equestrian statue of Emperor Joseph II is in its center. The wing of the Hofburg can be seen to the right, which contains the Spanish Riding School and","fellow connoisseurs from around the world to Althorp, although he did not sell much of it. During Edward's ownership of Althorp approximately 20% of the furnishings of Althorp were sold off. The divestment included eleven Van Dykes and nearly every religious painting in the collection, as well as estate housing, and drew severe public criticism, including from the heir. Edward left the estate to his son, the current owner Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer, after his death in 1992. As a teenager, Charles served as a tour guide at the house and acquired a deep knowledge of Althorp. At the","Exodus R. 1. 2; Berakhot l.c.). Bezalel is said to have been only thirteen years of age when he accomplished his great work (Sanhedrin 69b); he owed his wisdom to the merits of pious parents; his grandfather being Hur and his great-grandmother Miriam, he was thus a grandnephew of Moses (Exodus R. 48:3, 4). Bezalel In Exodus 31:1-6 and chapters 36 to 39, Bezalel (, \"Bəṣalʼēl\", also transcribed as \"Betzalel\"), was the chief artisan of the Tabernacle and was in charge of building the Ark of the Covenant, assisted by Aholiab. The section in chapter 31 describes his selection as","The Cloisters the museum by financier and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Other major sources of objects were the collections of J. P. Morgan and Joseph Brummer. The museum's building was designed by architect Charles Collens, on a site on a steep hill, with upper and lower levels. It contains medieval gardens and a series of chapels and themed galleries, including the Romanesque, Fuentidueña, Unicorn, Spanish and Gothic rooms. The design, layout and ambiance of the building is intended to evoke a sense of medieval European monastic life. It holds about 5,000 works of art and architecture, all European and mostly dating","Englert Theatre portion of eastern Iowa. Louis' son John developed a successful ice (winter cut, summer sales) and wood (summer cut, winter sales) business, which Will and his half brothers Clarence (Bumps) and John (Jack) eventually ran jointly as their father's successors. A 1926 fire destroyed the original interior of the Englert, but a determined remarried Englert widow, Etta Chopek Englert Hanlon rebuilt. The reconstruction cost $125,000, which is equal to $1.6 million in 2012 dollars. Among other design alterations, she eliminated eight box seating areas, each with six seats, hanging from the side walls. They had been considered fire traps even","Peter Paul Rubens Sir Peter Paul Rubens (; ; 28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) was a Flemish artist. He is considered the most influential artist of Flemish Baroque tradition. Rubens' highly charged compositions reference erudite aspects of classical and Christian history. His unique and immensely popular Baroque style emphasized movement, color, and sensuality, which followed the immediate, dramatic artistic style promoted in the Counter-Reformation. Rubens specialized in making altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects. In addition to running a large studio in Antwerp that produced paintings popular with nobility and art collectors throughout","opening. When The Public reopened in 2012 after the renovation, the Pub's food and beverage partner Joe's Pub LLC - Kevin Abbott, Serge Becker, Josh Pickard and Paul Salmon - was joined by the Noho Hospitality Group, the restaurant group led by Andrew Carmellini and Luke Ostrom. The group also launched a full-service restaurant, The Library at The Public. The decor of Joe's Pub is the work of interior designer and Joe's Pub LLC partner Serge Becker, the man behind many New York City hotspots, including La Esquina on Delancey Street. Patrons often note an accordion encased along the east","architect Eero Saarinen, and completed in 1964. The main buildings of Odense University, designed by Knud Holscher and Jørgen Vesterholt and built 1971–1976, are clad in weathering steel, earning them the nickname \"Rustenborg\" (Danish for \"rusty fortress\"). In 1977, Robert Indiana created a Hebrew version of the \"Love\" sculpture made from weathering steel using the four-letter word ahava (אהבה, \"love\" in Hebrew) for the Israel Museum Art Garden in Jerusalem, Israel. In Denmark, all masts for supporting the catenary on electrified railways are made of weathering steel for aesthetic reasons. Weathering steel was used in 1971 for the Highliner electric","funded solely by the federal government, thus requiring assistance from both the private sector and foundations. Michael Van Valkenburgh, principal of a Brooklyn landscape architecture firm, said he was drawn to St. Louis partly because of Citygarden's design and success. Van Valkenburgh was selected in 2010 to renovate the grounds of the Gateway Arch. The park was designed so larger works of art rest on wide lawns, while smaller spaces are reserved for more private areas. It is home to 24 sculptures, some of which were created by Fernand Léger, Keith Haring, Aristide Maillol, Laura Ford, Tony Smith, Jim Dine,","Stolberg Castle Stolberg Castle () is a palace in the town of Stolberg in the Harz Mountains of Germany. It dates to the 13th century and stands above the town on a hill with steep drops on three sides. Since 2003 it has been completely restored and renovated by the German Foundation for Monument Conservation. Its oldest element, the round tower, dates to the time around 1200, the more recent elements were built in the Renaissance style between 1539 and 1547. In the southeast wing is the Classicist Great Reception Room (\"Großes Empfangszimmer\") and the Red Room (\"Roter Saal\") designed","but by the 19th century it was under continuous threat of flooding due to the rise in sea level. By then the Schoklanders had retreated to the three most elevated parts: Emmeloord, Molenbuurt, and Middelbuurt. A major flood in 1825 brought massive destruction, and in 1859 the government decided to end permanent settlement on Schokland. The former municipality of Schokland was joined to Kampen on the mainland. Today Schokland is a popular archeological site and host to the Schokland Museum. Schokland was the first UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Netherlands. The nearest railway stations are in Kampen and Dronten.","Raj Bhavan, Bhopal was renamed as Raj Bhavan. Since then it has served as the official residence of the Governors of Madhya Pradesh. Built in 1880 by the Nawab of Bhopal State, Begum Shahjahan by a European architecture under the supervision of Austate Cook (a French Engineer), Built over an area of and the total cost incurred on construction was Rs. 72,878,3 annas and one paisa. It was the first Kothi in the city of Bhopal with roof made of red China clay 'Kavelus' and the predominant colour of the Kothi was red. For these reason they named this building Lal Kothi. A","Le Lieu unique was declared protected site and escaped from demolition. It welcomed new cultural events from the CRDC: June 1996, \"Trafics : marché de l’art et trafic de spectacles\" (Traffics: art fair and show traffics) in June 1996, \"Cuisines et Performances\" (Cuisines and Performances) in June 1997, \"Fin de siècle\" (End of century) in Johannesburg in October 1997, \"Fin de siècle\" (End of century) in New York in 1998. The tower is built again. The factory is renovated by the architect Patrick Bouchain, respecting the industrial identity of the site. Jean Blaise and his team opened the lieu unique on the 30th","E. Fay Jones Euine Fay Jones (January 31, 1921 – August 31, 2004) was an American architect and designer. An apprentice of Frank Lloyd Wright during his professional career, Jones is the only one of Wright's disciples to have received the AIA Gold Medal (1990), the highest honor awarded by the American Institute of Architects. His Thorncrown Chapel was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000, only 20 years after it was built, in recognition of its architectural significance. It has also received a special 25-Year Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Architects and other","La Grande Vitesse to the location could \"see\" the sculpture in its entirety. The Civic Center in which the sculpture is sited was designed by Chicago architectural firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. The site features two black, rectilinear, curtain-walled buildings for City Hall and Kent County, surrounded by a concrete plaza. The county building, which is shorter with a larger footprint, features has an enlarged reproduction of a Calder painting on its roof. The construction and sculpture projects were part of a downtown urban renewal effort. The area is formally named Vandenberg Plaza, after Senator Arthur Vandenberg, but is popularly referred to as","Eberndorf Abbey credited with having provided the present structure was Pietro Francesco Carlone, a prolific builder of abbeys at the time. The three storey eastern wing, elevated by the effect of the gently rising ground, provides a monumental impression. The protruding tower on the northwestern corner, reminiscent of a castle residence, dates back to the monastery's medieval fortified structure: the tower's other functions and uses are not entirely clear. The complex also includes three level pillar-arched cloisters, following the conventions of the seventeenth century, although the cloisters were partially glazed in and their outer facings renovated between 1992 and 1995. At the","Esplanade Laurier building were removed and replaced with white painted plasterboard, still in place today. In 2002, the building was closed for several days after an accident caused hundreds of litres of ethylene glycol to enter the water supply. After the system was flushed the towers returned to operation. The building is currently managed by Rosdev Group, an organisation that has been criticised for poor maintenance and mismanagement. The federal government bought the property for 20 million in 2010 from Rosdev. As of 2018 both towers are undergoing major renovations, as most former occupants from the Department of Finance and the Treasury","Beacon Hill (TV series) maid, and Emmeline's niece; Paul Ryan Rudd as Brian Mallory, Emmeline's nephew and the Lassiter family's chauffeur; Barry Snider as Harry Emmet, the former chauffeur, who was fired for stealing money from the Lassiter family; David Rounds as Terence O'Hara, Hacker's assistant; Richard Ward as William Piper, the family cook; Don Blakely as Grant Piper (William's son); and Holland Taylor as Marilyn Gardiner, Mrs. Lassiter's personal assistant/secretary. The first episode cost $900,000 to produce, and the music was composed by Marvin Hamlisch. Christopher Schemering of \"The Soap Opera Encyclopedia\" called \"Beacon Hill\" \"the most touted prime-time soap since the Lana","Gerrit Rietveld Gerrit Thomas Rietveld (; 24 June 1888 – 25 June 1964) was a Dutch furniture designer and architect. One of the principal members of the Dutch artistic movement called De Stijl, Rietveld is famous for his Red and Blue Chair and for the Rietveld Schröder House, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Rietveld was born in Utrecht in 1888 as the son of a joiner. He left school at 11 to be apprenticed to his father and enrolled at night school before working as a draughtsman for C. J. Begeer, a jeweller in Utrecht, from 1906 to","Tradescant the elder, were redesigned twice in the eighteenth century. First, under the London banker James Colebrooke (who bought the estate from the Digges family) fine vistas were created stretching to the river and then, under Thomas Heron (who acquired the estate from Colebrooke's son Robert), Capability Brown made further recommendations for change, some of which were implemented. Chilham Castle was purchased by James Wildman in 1794 and in 1816 was inherited by his son James Beckford Wildman, who sold it in 1861, because of falling income after emancipation of the slaves on the family estates in the West Indies.","The house was designed by Sir Robert Taylor in the Georgian style and built for William Clayton, a Member of Parliament, in 1753. The house was gutted by fire in the mid 20th century but remained in the Clayton family until 1950. The present owners, who have owned the property since 1952, converted the property to office use in 1988. They operate a large marina and offer boat mooring services but plan to convert the property into flats. Harleyford Manor Harleyford Manor is a country house near Marlow in Buckinghamshire. The house is listed Grade I on the National Heritage","St Mary and St Nicolas, Spalding of Sir George Gilbert Scott. The rood screen was reconstructed by John Oldrid Scott in 1875 and incorporates parts of the fifteenth century screen. The twentieth-century additions included four modern stained glass windows, the decoration of the chancel ceiling by Stephen Dykes Bower, rebuilding and re-siting the organ, the shop and visitor centre, and a vestry on the south side of the chancel. In 2013 the main entrance was relocated to the west door and an internal glazed porch was fitted. At the same time, a new stone floor was laid and the steps were removed from the font. In","Herrenhäuser Church who opens the door lays their hand on the following words of the Lord’s Prayer: “And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors.” (Matthew 6, 12) The big Chandelier controls the interior room of the church. A man from Saxony manufactured the chandelier in the 90s. He did it after old drafts but developed it with new - age form perception. Models of the Chandelier can be found for example in the Hildesheimer and the Aachener cathedral. Twelve gateways maimed with battlements, six towers and 6 houses decorate the polished brass rim (the twelve houses of","was executed by craftsmen. Richard Cassels also designed Carton, Haselwood, Russborough and Leinster House. Westport House was completed by James Wyatt, one of the greatest English architects, who also laid out the town of Westport. On the south facade is the date 1778. Inside, many of the ceilings, cornice and fireplaces are examples of Wyatt's finest works. The large dining room is perhaps the finest remaining example of his work. The doors are mahogany brought back from the family estates in Jamaica. There are still a number of original Wyatt drawings on show, along with some of his son's, Benjamin","Jules Saulnier Jules Saulnier (1817-1881) was a French architect. He is best remembered for his work on the Menier Chocolate Co. buildings in Noisiel, France. Many historians cite his 1872 building as the first true skeleton structure, having its exterior walls requiring only simple infill. The February 1997 issue of the Architectural Review called the iron and brick chocolate factory at Noisiel \"one of the iconic buildings of the Industrial Revolution\". In 1992, the factory was designated by the government of France as an official Monument historique and is on the list to be named a UNESCO World Heritage Site.","Alfred Messel Alfred Messel (22 July 1853 – 24 March 1909) was one of the most well-known German architects at the turning point to the 20th century, creating a new style for buildings which bridged the transition from historicism to modernism. Messel was able to combine the structure, decoration, and function of his buildings, which ranged from department stores, museums, office buildings, mansions, and social housing to soup kitchens, into a coherent, harmonious whole. As an urban architect striving for excellence he was in many respects ahead of his time. His most well known works, the Wertheim department stores and","of the building was completed on 16 July 2012. In March 2013, the museum's main pieces of art were moved back from the 'fragment building' (Philips Wing) to the main building. \"The Night Watch\" returned to the Night Watch Room, at the end of the Hall of Fame. On 13 April 2013, the main building was reopened by Queen Beatrix. On 1 November 2014, the Philips Wing reopened with the exhibition . The building of the Rijksmuseum was designed by Pierre Cuypers and opened in 1885. It consists of two squares with an atrium in each centre. In the central","Thomas Mann House was not subject to any local historical protection orders. The house was bought by the Government of Germany in November 2016 for $13.25 million. After a one and a half-year restoration period, a fellowship program for intellectuals and visionaries will be installed to tackle eminent contemporary issues relevant to both shores of the Atlantic. The Foreign Minister of Germany, Frank-Walter Steinmeier, said that the house provided \"a home for so many Germans who fought for a better future for our country and for a more open society...It is in this spirit that we want to revive the Thomas Mann villa\".","Swiętej Trojcy street in Bydgoszcz his death in 1969. In late December 2017, a fire broke out in the attic, destroying most of the wattle and daub gabbles. The building boasts German historicism, with a mix of early Art Nouveau elements (curved shapes, round bay windows, floral wrought iron motifs on the balconies) and more ancient styles (Wattle and daub building, tented roof with peak). The most recent renovation (September 2016) brought the tenement back to its past glory, with the restoration of the gate portal with its transom light. 1903 Industrial architecture The first dye house owned by Bydgoszcz industrialist William Kopp was established","Aachen Cathedral Aachen Cathedral (German: \"Aachener Dom\"), traditionally called in English the Cathedral of Aix-la-Chapelle, is a Roman Catholic church in Aachen, western Germany, and the see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Aachen. It is claimed as one of the oldest cathedrals in Europe and was constructed by order of the emperor Charlemagne, who was buried there after his death in 814. For 595 years, from 936 to 1531, the Palatine Chapel, heart of the cathedral, was the church of coronation for thirty-one German kings and twelve queens. The church has been the mother church of the Diocese of","Hochtief The company's history dates back to 1874 and includes engineering feats such as the transplantation of the Abu Simbel rock temples in Egypt (saving them from the rise of the River Nile caused by the Aswan High Dam), and infrastructure projects like the new Athens International Airport and Germany's first nuclear power plant. It is also noted for its involvement with the Bauhaus movement, particularly for its work at Zollverein colliery and the reconstruction of the Kandinsky-Klee house in Dessau; both World Heritage Sites. During World War II it deployed forced labor on construction projects. It built the Führerbunker in","government considered building a new home to serve as the Governor's residence. The Hubbell family—the owners of Terrace Hill—then offered the home to the state for use as a residence for the Governor and his family. In the fall of 1976, Robert D. Ray became the first Governor to use Terrace Hill as his residence when he moved there with his wife Billie Ray and their three daughters. Governors Terry Branstad (1983–1999, 2011–2017), Tom Vilsack (1999–2007), Chet Culver (2007–2011), and Kim Reynolds (2017–present) have occupied Terrace Hill since then. Terrace Hill is located at 2300 Grand Avenue, south of Interstate","Belvedere Court Belvedere Court is a residential block of fifty six flats in Lyttelton Road, East Finchley, North London, England. It was designed by the architect Ernst Ludwig Freud and built by H Meckhonik, a London-based contractor, in 1937/38 on land previously owned by the Church Estate Commissioners. The flats were initially built for rental only and principally let to Jewish families from Europe, moving to Britain to escape the Nazi occupation. The flats incorporated many modern facilities, including waste disposal chutes, fully fitted kitchens and central heating. Many of these features were considered the height of luxury in the","2000, the concentration camp complex gained international recognition through the collaboration of Anton Posset with the film crew of Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks. Liberation of one of the Kaufering IV subcamps of Dachau was depicted in Episode 9 \"Why We Fight\" of the TV mini-series Band of Brothers. Through the photographs of the American/French liberators and the documentation of the survivor's reports collected by Anton Posset, the camp was reconstructed in England for the mini-series. Hurlach Hurlach is a municipality in the district of Landsberg in Bavaria in Germany. During World War II Kaufering concentration camp IV, a subcamp","Hansaviertel The Hansaviertel is the smallest \"Ortsteil\" (district) of Berlin and is between Großer Tiergarten and the Spree River, within the central Mitte borough of Berlin. It was almost completely destroyed during World War II but was rebuilt from 1957 to 1961 as a housing estate project by international master architects like Alvar Aalto, Egon Eiermann, Walter Gropius, Oscar Niemeyer, Sep Ruf. Called \"Interbau\", the whole ensemble has two churches (St. Ansgar and Kaiser-Friedrich-Gedächtniskirche) and is now protected as a historic monument. The quarter received its name for its streets named after Hansa cities, with the \"Hansaplatz\" in the centre.","Trompenburgh De Trompenburgh is a 17th-century manor house in 's-Graveland, North Holland, Netherlands, designed by Daniel Stalpaert and built for Admiral Cornelis Tromp, one of the naval heroes of the Dutch Republic. The house is almost entirely surrounded by water and was built to resemble a ship, even with decks and railings. Before the current house was built another buitenplaats had been built by Andries Bicker in 1636. The original house dates back to 1654. Through inheritance the house came into the possession of the widow of Van Hellemont Raephorst who remarried on January 25, 1667 with Admiral Cornelis Tromp.","too small for their needs. They decided with advisors to replace the house with a new, larger residence. The new Osborne House was built between 1845 and 1851 in the style of the Italian Renaissance, complete with two belvedere towers. Prince Albert designed the house himself in conjunction with builder Thomas Cubitt, the London architect and builder whose company also built the main façade of Buckingham Palace. The couple paid for much of the new house's furnishings by the sale of the Royal Pavilion at Brighton. The house's original square wing was known as 'The Pavilion,' containing the principal and","one of the DIA's finest assets, and even \"one of America's most significant monuments\". The building also contains intricate iron work by Samuel Yellin, tile from Pewabic Pottery, and architectural sculpture by Leon Hermant. In November 2007, the Detroit Institute of Arts building completed a renovation and expansion at a total cost of $158 million. Architects for the renovation included Michael Graves and associates along with the SmithGroup. The project, labeled the \"Master Plan Project\", included expansion and renovation of the north and south wings as well as restoration of the original Paul Cret building, and added 58,000 additional square","Hagley Hall house was restored, but the uppermost floor of the servants' quarters was not, which means that the present roof line between the towers is lower than it was when first constructed. The estate fell into disrepair and incurred a mounting debt beginning in the 1970s. The 11th Viscount Cobham was forced to sell off large tracts of estate land to keep it afloat (in addition to paying for his high-profile divorce). His brother and successor Christopher Charles Lyttelton, 12th Viscount Cobham began restoration works in both the main house and the park. The park is open to the public and","During the rule of the East India Company, it was repaired in 1807 and 1810. The original date of construction is still disputed, but Hussaini Dalan in its present form is attributed to Nasrat Jung, who rebuilt the imambara in 1823. The present flat roof was rebuilt by Nawab Ahsanuallah Bahadur after the earthquake of 1897, and another verandah was added to the southern side.. The main building is situated in the middle of complex, built on an area of about 0.65 Bighas (9,380 sq. ft/ 88.05 sq. meters). In the south touching the building there is a “pond” having","etc., and making sure they had the correct parts to perform the repair. So, in 1953 Al, Mort, and Bob opened up the first Rickel Brothers store in Union, New Jersey, and Ryan was warmly referred to as \"employee number one\" for his entire 35-year stint with the Rickel store chain. Rickel was one of the first \"do-it-yourself\" home improvement stores, expanding beyond plumbing supplies and selling heating and electrical supplies and tools in addition. An early slogan and jingle of the Rickel chain, which lasted in some degree to its 1997 closure, was \"Rickel Helps You Do it Better-","Queen's Tower in Norfolk Park by Robert Marnock in 1839. In 1953 the Duke of Norfolk Estate leased the site to Sheffield City Council for 999 years. In 2004, the building featured on the BBC TV programme \"Restoration\" and was the subject of a National Lottery funding bid to convert it to a heritage centre and traditional farm. Green Estate, which was established by the Manor and Castle Development Trust and Sheffield Wildlife Trust, received £1.25 million from the Heritage Lottery Fund to restore the Turret House and develop the site as a visitor attraction. The Sheffield Manor Lodge visitor","erected as the so-called \"Refuge House\" by the Saint Gertrude Abbey of Leuven. It was designed by the Belgian-Austrian architect Louis Joseph Montoyer. At the time of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1830), the building was planned to be used as the location for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1830 it was purchased by Prince Eugène of Ligne, and from 1944, the building became state property after which it was furnished to function as a meeting place for the prime minister and his cabinet. Prime Minister of Belgium The Prime Minister of Belgium (; ; ) or the","MS Marella Celebration and the third Holland America Line vessel to bear the name. Her sister ship, the \"Thomson Spirit\", was originally the Holland America ship . In 2005, a replacement, the fourth \"Noordam\", was ordered from Fincantieri shipyards in Italy. After its last sailing with Holland America Line, the ship was taken out of service, chartered to Thomson Cruises and rechristened as the \"Thomson Celebration\". She was originally furnished with a $1million art collection, some of which, including a 17th-century Oriental screen, can still be found on board. \"Marella Celebration\" received a refurbishment in December 2013 carried out by Blohm + Voss.","began on February 3, 2015, at the front of the Ximenez-Fatio House property adjacent to Aviles Street. Led by Carl Halbirt, it concluded on March 14, 2015. After purchasing the Ximenez House in 1939, the Florida Dames were inspired by members of the Carnegie Restoration Committee to engage the most knowledgeable consultants available. Over the years, they have included architects Charles E. Peterson, Blair Reeves, Herschel Shepard, Charles Phillips and Joseph Oppermann; archaeologists Robert Steinbach, Dr. Charles Fairbanks, and, Kathleen Deagan; historians William Seale, Charles Tingley; and curator Robert Harper. Seale, who helped restore many historical American buildings, including a","St. Louis Lambert International Airport in St. Louis, former unused gates in the D concourse have been renovated and renamed as E gates. As of October 2018, there are 18 active gates: E29 is a city-owned common-use international arrival gate, while the other 17 are leased to Southwest. In January 2018, a new common-use lounge, operated by Wingtips, opened near gate E31. This lounge is the first in Terminal 2 and the only common-use club in the airport. Lambert's runways have long been used for test flights and deliveries of military aircraft, first by McDonnell Douglas, which built its world headquarters and principal assembly plant","attributed to Frank Lloyd Wright, but they were actually designed by Wright's protégé and son-in-law William Wesley Peters. Wright's widow, Olgivanna Lloyd Wright, is also cited as an influence. Peters became the head of Wright's architectural firm Taliesin Associates after Wright's death in 1959. Though Peters had his own style, he collaborated with Wright for more than twenty years. He based the design of the Louisville complex largely on three of Wright's projects, only one of which was actually built. Like the Kaden Tower, Wright's never-constructed 1946 sketches for the Sarabhai Calico Mills Store in Ahmedabad, India, had grillwork over","the 1970s, before its renovation, its facade was used for exterior shots of the castle where Count von Count lived on the children's television series \"Sesame Street\". In 1995, the Conservancy's Historic Preservation Crew replaced the painted wooden loggia of the castle, working from Vaux's designs, on the granite piers and walls that had survived. The Central Park Conservancy is conducting a second renovation of Belvedere Castle 35 years after the 1983 renovation. Plans include replacing existing doors and windows with double paned glass. When it was last renovated in 1983, the original turret was replaced, the pavilions were rebuilt,","Thomas Heatherwick over the problems, settling out of court for £1.7m. Danny Boyle said it was the inspiration for his asking Heatherwick Studio to design the Olympic Cauldron: “It goes back to the time I spent sitting under his \"B of the Bang\" sculpture. I loved it so much; it’s a tragedy they took it down.” Heatherwick was appointed by Worth Abbey in 2009 to redesign its church interior. A modern version of traditional monastic furniture was installed including pews for 700, choir stalls, monastery seats, desks and confession rooms, all of which were fabricated from solid hardwood. Cracks appeared in the","largest-scale restoration project since the reconstruction of the Ishtar Gate. From 2001 to 2010, more than 30 sculptures were reconstructed out of around 27,000 fragments. They were exhibited at the Pergamon Museum in Berlin in 2011 and at the Bundeskunsthalle Bonn in 2014. The latter exhibition focused not just on the archaeological finds but also on the person of Max von Oppenheim, who has been called \"the last of the great amateur archaeological explorers of the Near East\". When the reconstruction of the Museumsinsel is completed around 2025, the Western Palace façade will be the entrance to the new Vorderasiatisches","Hashemite custodianship of Jerusalem holy sites century. In 2016, King Abdullah II participated in funding renovation of Christ's tomb in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and in 2017, Abdullah donated $1.4 million to the Jerusalem Islamic Waqf, the Jordanian authority responsible for administering Al-Aqsa. An independent report estimates the total amount that the Hashemites have spent since 1924 on administering and renovating Al Aqsa as over $1 billion. Intermittent violence at the Temple Mount between the Israel Defense Forces and Palestinians evolves into diplomatic disputes between Israel and Jordan. Among Sunni Muslims, the Temple Mount is widely considered the third holiest site in Islam. Revered","government as historical monuments since 1966, at the request of André Malraux. The son Michel (or Jacques Michel) Jaoul worked as an architect in Le Corbusier's office and in 1988 was in charge of the renovation of the houses. The construction of these vaulted houses signals a new trend in Le Corbusier's work, and the Maisons Jaoul can be considered his first \"New Brutalist\" work. \"...Shallow concrete vaults cast against a permanent framework of thin bricks set in place without the use of centering. These brick spans served as permanent molds for the shell concrete vaults cast in place on","Kehlsteinhaus atop the Kehlstein, a subpeak of the Hoher Göll that rises above the town of Berchtesgaden. It was commissioned by Martin Bormann in the summer of 1937. Paid for by the Nazi Party, it was completed in 13 months. Hitler first visited on September 16, 1938, and returned on April 20, 1939, for its inauguration. Contrary to widespread assumptions, however, the Eagle's Nest was not a gift for Hitler's 50th birthday in 1939. A wide approach road climbs over . Costing RM 30 million to build (about 150 million inflation-adjusted euros in 2007), it includes five tunnels and one hairpin","a glass-enclosed area behind the back row that enabled parents with young children to enjoy the show without disturbing the other patrons. The Joy was built by long-time theater operators Joy Houck (the theater's namesake) and Levere Montgomery, Sr. The architect was B. W. Stevens. \"Lover Come Back\", starring Lucille Ball, was the opening feature. In 2003, \"finally succumbing to the competition from megaplexes with stadium-style seating and a dozen or more screens,\" the Joy Theater closed. In August 2005, the flood following Hurricane Katrina inundated the structure. In July 2011, the Joy was purchased by NOLA Theatre District LLC.","Schloss Meseberg 1995. The foundation, devoted to preserving historical landmarks, spent 11 years and more than $30 million renovating the stucco building, with its Ionic half-columns and high mansard roof. In 2004, the Messerschmitt Foundation agreed to lease the palace to the Federal German Government for 20 years, for a symbolic annual rent of one euro. The government subsequently spent $17 million to install security and communications equipment and period furniture and paintings. Since 2007, it has been the retreat of the Chancellor of Germany (as Chequers is for the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Camp David for the President","Cornelius Low House elements, were replaced. Rather than square up the window openings, the restoration firm installed fully functional, though crooked, windows in their place. From 1995 through most of 1996, Arvid Myhre Building Construction Company of Frenchtown, New Jersey completed the physical rehabilitation of the house. 26 layers of paint were stripped from the woodwork which was then repainted in historically accurate colors. Behind-the-scenes work included complete upgrades of heating and cooling systems, new electrical wiring encased in metal conduit, a state-of-the-art dry-feed fire suppression system, and new plumbing and water supply systems. Additionally, an exhibit system was fabricated to protect the","by the President in 1950 when India became a republic and the house was renamed \"Rashtrapati Bhavan\". It has 355 decorated rooms and a floor area of 200,000 square feet (19,000 m²). The structure includes 700 million bricks and 3.5 million cubic feet (85,000 m³) of stone, with only minimal usage of steel. Lutyens established ateliers in Delhi and Lahore to employ local craftsmen. The chief engineer of the project was Sir Teja Singh Malik, and four main contractors included Sir Sobha Singh. The layout plan of the building is designed around a massive square with multiple courtyards and open","Het Steen Het Steen is a medieval fortress in the old city centre of Antwerp, Belgium, one of Europe's biggest ports. Built after the Viking incursions in the early Middle Ages as the first stone fortress of Antwerp, Het Steen is Antwerp's oldest building and used to be its oldest urban centre. Previously known as Antwerpen Burcht (fortress), Het Steen gained its current name in around 1520, after significant rebuilding under Charles V. The rebuilding led to its being known first as \"\"'s Heeren Steen\"\" (the King's stone castle), and later simply as \"Het Steen\" (the stone castle). The Dutch","by Frank Lloyd Wright, such as the A. D. German Warehouse in Wisconsin and Aline Barnsdall Hollyhock House in Hollywood, the Ennis House is sometimes referred to as an example of the Mayan Revival architecture. Its prominent detail is the relief ornamentation on its textile blocks, inspired by the symmetrical reliefs of Puuc architecture in Uxmal. The Ennis House is a designated city, state, and national landmark. It is currently owned by billionaire Ronald Burkle. As of December 2018, it is listed for sale at $23 million. Costs escalated owing to difficulties developed during construction, which was supervised by Frank","and refurbished, and was equipped with purpose built furniture for the first time. The design of the furnishings and the overall supervision of the refurbishment was the work of the UK designer Thomas Heatherwick. In May 2005, BBC Two broadcast The Monastery, a three-part documentary series filmed at Worth Abbey. This was followed in June 2006 by \"The Monastery Revisited\". In 2010 \"The Big Silence\" was broadcast. Worth Abbey The Abbey of Our Lady, Help of Christians, commonly known as Worth Abbey, is a community of Roman Catholic monks who follow the Rule of St Benedict near Turners Hill village,","As a result, in 2011, the city temporarily resumed management of Casa Loma and began welcoming bids from the private sector in its search for a new operator. In January 2014, the city entered a new long-term lease and operating agreement with Liberty Entertainment Group, led by President and CEO Nick Di Donato, which agreed to spend $7.4 million to continue the castle's upgrades. The company's plans also included a fine dining facility. The restaurant, Blueblood Steakhouse, opened in summer 2017. Sir Henry imported artisans from Europe to design much of the furniture and other features of the castle. Casa","Wilderstein process. The new interior of the building was designed by Joseph Burr Tiffany, a cousin of Louis Comfort Tiffany. The rooms of ground floor were done in Historic Revival Style and in the aesthetic movement style using materials such as use mahogany, leather, stained glass, and linen. In parallel to the redesign of the mansion proper, the grounds of the estate were transformed by landscape architect Calvert Vaux according to the American Romantic Landscape style. Vaux's design comprised the creation of a network of drives and trails, the positioning of specimen trees and ornamental shrubs as well as the placement","Hôtel Lambert tenant Michèle Morgan suggested that super-rich clients wanting a tailor-made luxury modern residence should consider a larger site on the outskirts of Paris rather than a cramped position limited on all sides by the river Seine and listed monuments. However, Alain-Charles Perrot, the architect in charge of the project, suggested that there was an element of racism in the objections. After several years of wrangling, a truce was overseen by the Ministry of Culture and Paris City Hall, and the renovation was given the go-ahead under the supervision of Bâtiments de France, which safeguards historic monuments. Work began in 2010."],"string":"[\n \"it a different shape. The developer of the Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre, New World Development, which is a subsidiary of Chow Tai Fook Enterprises, held a competition to design the building. The American firm Kohn Pedersen Fox won the competition in 2009 and thus became the main architect. The Guangzhou Design Institute and Leigh & Orange became the architects of record and the British Arup Group was chosen to engineer the building. The groundbreaking took place on September 29, 2009 – about half a year after the designing process started. China State Construction Engineering was the contractor. The Guangzhou CTF\",\n \"up to a new influence. Bob Marley probably felt the same way the first time he heard Curtis Mayfield.\\\" According to the band's manager Scott Rodger, the album cost $1.6 million to make. Recording in Louisiana, the band began work on \\\"Reflektor\\\" in 2011, and subsequently moved to Jamaica the following year with producer Markus Dravs. Working on roughly sixty song ideas, the band wrote and recorded in an abandoned castle, named Trident: \\\"The castle was built in 1979, or something, by this eccentric Jamaican dude who just wanted to hang out with royalty. And it kind of worked. After\",\n \"a pavilion was added the following year, and a cinema was opened in 1942. The pier was badly damaged on 25 August 1952 after a fire which started in the cinema, and did not fully reopen until 1958. At various times it has been an amusement complex, bar and dance hall. The Stefani family were the longest owners in the Pier's history, owning and running Fleetwood Pier from the 1960s until 2000. The pier was first closed in 2000 when its owners went into liquidation, but it was reopened under new ownership in 2003, after Roger Stefani sold it on.\",\n \"Biltmore Estate The village included rental cottages complete with plumbing and central heating, a post office, shops, doctor's office, school, and a church, known today as the Cathedral of All Souls. Intending that the estate could be self-supporting, Vanderbilt set up scientific forestry programs, poultry farms, cattle farms, hog farms, and a dairy. His wife, Edith, also enthusiastically supported agricultural reform and promoted the establishment of a state agricultural fair. In 1901, the Vanderbilts provided financial assistance to Biltmore Industries, started by Biltmore Village resident Eleanor Vance, which taught young people how to make hand-carved furniture, woven baskets, homespun wool fabric, and\",\n \"Klosterneuburg Monastery to reduced numbers—at one point leaving the monastery in the care of only seven canons. The success of the Counter-Reformation during the seventeenth century strengthened and renewed the monastery. Between 1634 and 1645, the first phase of remodeling the abbey church in the Baroque style took place. Artists from northern Italy were brought in to work on the project, under the guidance of Giovanni Battista Carlone. In 1636, the crossing tower was demolished. Between 1638 and 1644, the north tower of the abbey church was constructed. In 1644, a 6000-kg bell was cast and installed in the north tower, named\",\n \"2004. In 2005/6 Hymer and Dethleffs established of Capron Ltd., which distributes vehicles under the Carado and Sunlight brands. On 29 October 2011, the €17 million Erwin Hymer Museum opened in Bad Waldsee. In 2016, Hymer acquired North American manufacturer Roadtrek. In 2018, Thor Industries acquired Hymer. In financial year 2010/2011, Hymer Group turned over €792 million, with a workforce of 2,600 creating 14,243 motorhomes and 6,317 caravans. The Hymer Group operates from factories in: Hymer Hymer AG is a motorhome and caravan manufacturer, located in Bad Waldsee, Germany. One of the largest manufacturers of motorhomes and caravans in Europe,\",\n \"Salzburg Cathedral using the foundations of St. Rupert. The first Dom was recorded in 774. The so-called Virgil Dom was built from 767 to 774 and was 66 metres long and 33 metres wide. Archbishop Arno (785 – 821) arranged the first renovations of the Dom, less than 70 years after its completion. In 842, the building burned after a lightning strike. Three years later, work began to rebuild the structure. Under Archbishop Hartwig, the sanctuary expanded to the west with addition of a choir and crypt between 1000 and 1080. Archbishop Konrad I added the west towers from 1106 to 1147.\",\n \"Schuylkill Fishing Company remained until 1944. In 1944, the former estate of William B. Chamberlain, Devon House on the Delaware River near Andalusia, Pennsylvania, was conveyed to the State in Schuylkill. The Company moved all of its possessions, including the Castle and Kitchen, to this new site. Inside the State House, portraits of the Governors lined the north wall of the entry hall and part of its south side. There were interesting ones of Governors Thomas Stretch and Samuel Morris, and several of the nineteenth century successors, as well as likenesses in oil of all nine Governors who served between 1896 and 1970.\",\n \"and as St Agnes. Its unusual double dedication, unique in the City, seems to have been acquired some time in the 15th century. The church was gutted by a fire in 1548 but was rebuilt soon after. Further work was done in 1624. However, the building's 14th century tower was its only section to survive the Great Fire of London in 1666 (and then only partially). St Anne and St Agnes was rebuilt by Sir Christopher Wren in 1680, with possible contributions from Robert Hooke. The small brick church is of an unusual design in London, being based on that\",\n \"they had visited in Germany. The design of The Old Rep was particularly influenced by Max Littmann's 1908 Künstlertheater in Munich. In 2014, Birmingham Ormiston Academy, also known as BOA, successfully tendered for The Old Rep Theatre. The theatre is situated just opposite New Street Station, from which a blue plaque, above the theatre's first floor windows, to Barry Jackson can be seen. Two doors down is Britain's oldest working cinema, the Electric Cinema. Construction on the venue began in October 1912 and continued day and night for four months. The Grade II listed building has been well-preserved and still\",\n \"3, Triq ix-Xatt announced by Minister Owen Bonnici (Ministry for Justice, Culture and Local Government) that Pace was to be ending his time as superintendent and his post to be taken by Joe Magro Conti. In 2017, the Local Council has described the building of being a local and national heritage, irrelevant of the decision, and recommended the Planning Authority to review its decision. The Council commented: The Local Council has filed to appeal of the proposal in June 2018, and on that day it planned to urgently meet on May 18, 2018. The Council initially opposed any change to the historic building,\",\n \"Al-Gawhara Palace Turkish \\\"kushk\\\". It has Western style windows which were often topped with an oval oeil-de-boeuf. The French architect and engineer Pascal Coste was employed to add the residential quarters for the palace servants and functionaries. On one side of the palace was a \\\"haush\\\" (courtyard) and on the other, were views of the pyramids and the Nile. In 1822, a fire destroyed the palace's wooden construction in a blaze that lasted for 2 days. Later, Muhammad Ali had the structure expanded and elaborated upon with the construction of \\\"a large marble fountain, columned stone terraces and porticoes, parterres of flower\",\n \"his first woodworking shop in 1819 in Boppard, the name Thonet has stood for high-quality, innovative and elegant furniture. Today, Thorsten Muck runs the company with its head offices and production facilities in Frankenberg. Michael Thonet’s direct descendants in the fifth and sixth generation remain involved in the company’s business as associates and sales partners. The collection comprises famous bentwood furniture, tubular steel classics from the Bauhaus era, and current designs by famous contemporary architects and designers. Often mispronounced \\\"Tho-nay\\\" the name is pronounced \\\"toe-net\\\" with a hard beginning and ending \\\"t\\\". The Museum of Applied Arts, MAK Vienna hosts\",\n \"Balthasar Neumann Johann Balthasar Neumann (; 27 January 1687 (?)– 19 August 1753), usually known as Balthasar Neumann, was a German architect and military artillery engineer who developed a refined brand of Baroque architecture, fusing Austrian, Bohemian, Italian, and French elements to design some of the most impressive buildings of the period, including the Würzburg Residence and the Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers (called \\\"Vierzehnheiligen\\\" in German). The Würzburg Residence is considered one of the most beautiful and well proportioned palaces in Europe and the Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers is considered by some as the crowning work\",\n \"Christ Church (Melaka) Malacca was transferred to the British East India Company and in 1838, the church was re-consecrated with the rites of the Church of England by Daniel Wilson, Bishop of Calcutta and renamed Christ Church. The maintenance of the church was taken over by the Government of the Straits Settlements in 1858. Originally painted white, the church and the neighbouring Stadthuys building was painted red in 1911 and this distinctive colour scheme has remained the hallmark of Malacca's Dutch-era buildings since. The church is built in Dutch Colonial architecture style and is laid out in a simple rectangle of by .\",\n \"and built from 1509 to 1512 is Germany's first renaissance building and contains the tombs of the brothers Ulrich, Georg and Jakob. The Fuggerei which was founded by Jakob in 1521 is the world's oldest social housing complex still in use. The Damenhof, part of the Fuggerhäuser in Augsburg, is the first secular renaissance building in Germany and was built in 1515. At his death on 30 December 1525, Jakob Fugger bequeathed to his nephew Anton Fugger company assets totaling 2,032,652 guilders. He is among the most well known Germans and arguably the most famous citizen of Augsburg, with his\",\n \"Château de Selles-sur-Cher gallery. Starting in 1880, the castle underwent significant restoration work under the du Moulinet d'Hardemare family. Architect Pierre Chauvallon led a major restoration of the château in 1913. The castle had been abandoned by 2002. It was purchased by Michel Guyot and his wife, Noémi Brunet. Guyot has done restoration work on previous castles, including Château de Saint-Fargeau, and is behind the Guédelon Castle project. In 2012, it was opened to the public. Later that year, they sold it to Nicolas Mazzesi and his wife Katherine Wu, who plan to open a winery on the site. The château hosts festivals\",\n \"The Manor (Los Angeles) The Manor, also known as Spelling Manor, is a mansion located in the Holmby Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, across the street from Holmby Park. Constructed in 1988 for television producer Aaron Spelling, it is the largest home in Los Angeles County. It is currently owned by British heiress Petra Stunt, daughter of Formula One racing magnate Bernie Ecclestone. Stunt purchased the home in 2011 for $85 million after it had been on the market for two years with an asking price of $150 million, making it the most expensive residential real estate listing in\",\n \"surrounded by a \\\"ring of fire\\\", and he did not intend to cause significant harm to the work, the resulting fire caused worth of damage and the statue had to be demolished. Fortunately the statue was insured for , and the original artist—Ben van Zetten with help from artist Lawry Love Grima—agreed to rebuild the work. The new statue was rededicated on the site of the old on 3 June 2007, just over a year after the original was destroyed. The replacement Map the Miner was said to be \\\"much more resistant to damage\\\" than the original, and the artist\",\n \"Château Frontenac a more picturesque building. Since its completion, the hotel has undergone several major expansions and renovations led by several different architects and architectural firms. William Sutherland Maxwell led two major expansions to the hotel, one in 1908–09, and another in 1920–24 (co-led with his brother, Edward Maxwell). Renovations in the 1990s was led by the Arcop, a architectural firm based in Montreal. The hotel was again expanded in 1993, with the addition of a new wing. Access to the hotel's main entrance is marked by several porte-cochère with large dormers and a cupola. The porte-cochère leads guests into the hotel's\",\n \"pears, apricots, plums and peaches. In its new incarnation as Boschendal - The Estate, the former \\\"Rhodes Fruit Farms\\\" continues to be a major source of employment for local communities. The Boschendal estate is crowned by the original Cape Dutch manor house, which is open to visitors, together with associated restaurants and outbuildings and visitor attractions. In the late 1960s the estate was taken over by the Anglo American Corporation, before being sold in 2003 to a consortium of international investors, led by the property developer Clive Venning. Property Developer. In 2012 the estate was sold to a consortium of\",\n \"The Hamilton. The company secured a 40-year lease from the landlord (Germany-based Deka Immobilien Investment) at $20.00 per square foot, which rises to just $29 per square foot after 40 years. Although the multi-level restaurant and music venue cost $24 million to construct, the District of Columbia gave Clyde's $5 million in tax increment financing. Within a year of its opening, Laytham said it employed 355 people. According to Clyde's Restaurant Group chief executive officer John Laytham, the company opens a new location \\\"Every few years\\\". Clyde's Restaurant Group Clyde's Restaurant Group is a private company that, as of 2015,\",\n \"assigned to the Hon. Jason Kenney who was appointed Minister for Multiculturalism in addition to his other portfolios. Those portfolios and responsibilities such as for the Canadian Race Relations Foundation, were returned to the Heritage Minister with the swearing in of the 29th Canadian Ministry in November 2015. The present Minister of Canadian Heritage, since 18 July 2018, is the Hon. Pablo Rodriguez. Rodriguez is also responsible for the National Capital Commission, which was formerly under the senior Ottawa-area cabinet minister under the Harper government, and the Canadian Secretary to the Queen, which was previously under the Privy Council Office.\",\n \"Robert Hooke 1666, and also worked on the design of London's Monument to the fire, the Royal Greenwich Observatory, Montagu House in Bloomsbury, and the Bethlem Royal Hospital (which became known as 'Bedlam'). Other buildings designed by Hooke include The Royal College of Physicians (1679), Ragley Hall in Warwickshire, Ramsbury Manor in Wiltshire and the parish church of St Mary Magdalene at Willen in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. Hooke's collaboration with Christopher Wren also included St Paul's Cathedral, whose dome uses a method of construction conceived by Hooke. Hooke also participated in the design of the Pepys Library, which held the manuscripts of\",\n \"Gemeentemuseum Den Haag The Gemeentemuseum Den Haag () is an art museum in The Hague in the Netherlands, founded in 1866. It is renowned for its large Mondrian collection, the largest in the world. His last work, \\\"Victory Boogie-Woogie\\\", is on display here. The museum building was constructed between 1931–1935, designed by the Dutch architect H.P. Berlage. \\\"GEM\\\" (museum for contemporary art) and \\\"Fotomuseum Den Haag\\\" (The Hague museum for photography) are part of the Gemeentemuseum, though not housed in the same building and with a separate entrance fee. The museum's collection of modern art includes works by international artists\",\n \"Hovdala Castle did not move out until 1981. From 1944, the former land of the estate was used as a military training field. Today the land belongs to Hässleholm municipality. A renovation of the castle was initiated in 1993. In 2004, renovation project was awarded the Europa Nostra award for \\\"sensitive and intelligent restoration work.\\\" The castle complex consists of three buildings placed in a u-shape around a courtyard. These main buildings are surrounded by a former moat, which has today dried out. The oldest (northern) of the three buildings date from the early 16th century, possibly 1511 as is stated on\",\n \"Historic Places. Architect Frank Lloyd Wright called the Wainwright Building \\\"the very first human expression of a tall steel office-building as Architecture.\\\" The building is currently owned by the State of Missouri and houses state offices. In May 2013 it was listed by an episode of the PBS series 10 That Changed America as one of \\\"10 Buildings That Changed America\\\" because it was \\\"the first skyscraper that truly looked the part\\\" with Sullivan being dubbed the \\\"Father of Skyscrapers.\\\" The Wainwright building was commissioned by Ellis Wainwright, a St. Louis brewer. Wainwright needed office space to manage the St\",\n \"the Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site and has been designated as a National Historic Landmark. Dr. Ned Friedman is the eighth and current Director of the Arnold Arboretum. He is also the Arnold Professor of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. The Arboretum is privately endowed as a department of Harvard University. The land was deeded to the City of Boston in 1882 and incorporated into the \\\"Emerald Necklace\\\". Under the agreement with the City, Harvard University was given a thousand-year lease on the property, and the University, as trustee, is directly responsible for the development, maintenance, and\",\n \"Chigi Chapel and the three scenes from the story of Noah, that make up the last section of Michelangelo's great sequence, are missing. Around 1602 Vincenzo I Gonzaga, the Duke of Mantua commissioned Pietro Facchetti to make copies of the Genesis frescos and the cosmological mosaics of the dome. The oil paintings were gifts to the Duke of Lerma, the most influential man in the court of Philip III of Spain, and they were brought to Valladolid in 1603 together with other copies of famous Italian artworks by Peter Paul Rubens, a young Flemish painter working for Duke Vincenzo at the time.\",\n \"General Schuyler House The Schuyler House or General Schuyler House was built in November 1777 over 29 days for General Philip Schuyler (later Senator Schuyler). Schuyler was Alexander Hamilton's father-in-law. It is now part of Saratoga National Historical Park (located 8 miles away). The British Army occupied the house during the American Revolution and burned it down upon their retreat under the command of General John Burgoyne. After the British surrender it was rebuilt, including with salvaged glass, nails, locks and hinges recovered from the burned home. General Schuyler conducted his business affairs from the home. It has been visited\",\n \"Marc Chagall \\\"master of colour and the biblical message\\\" to create a sign for Jewish-Christian attachment and international understanding. Centuries earlier Mainz had been \\\"the capital of European Jewry\\\", and contained the largest Jewish community in Europe, notes historian John Man. In 1978, at the age of 91, Chagall created the first window and eight more followed. Chagall's collaborator Charles Marq complemented Chagall's work by adding several stained glass windows using the typical colours of Chagall. All Saints' Church, Tudeley is the only church in the world to have all its twelve windows decorated by Chagall. The other three religious buildings with\",\n \"impressed with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's \\\"The Sorrows of Young Werther\\\" (1774) and named his newly founded company Lotte after the character Charlotte in the novel (\\\"Charlotte\\\" is also the name of a new brand of deluxe movie theatres run by Lotte). Lotte's current marketing slogan in Japan is . \\\"Lotte Corporation\\\" – Lotte group's world headquarters – are located in Myeongdong, Seoul and Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd. in Shinjuku, Tokyo. It is controlled by the founder Shin Kyuk-Ho's extended family. Lotte group's major businesses are food products, shopping, finance, construction, amusement parks, hotels, trade, oil and sports. Lotte also\",\n \"the Two Ravens), built in 1681, which has housed a restaurant since 2007. The Abbey submitted a planning application on 14 August 2015 and estimated a total cost of 6.5 million Swiss francs, then hired architects Pius Bieri and Frank Roskothen to lead the work. The application was approved on 8 October 2015 and began shortly thereafter. The work cost 7 million Swiss Francs (CHF), of which four million francs were collected by the Friends of Ufenau Island, the municipality of Freienbach, and Canton Schwyz. For the missing funds, the Einsiedeln Abbey agreed the acquisition of a substantial share of\",\n \"house pulled down and a new one constructed slightly further north in about 1754. The design of the new Palladian mansion has been attributed to the architect Isaac Ware in \\\"Vitruvius Britannicus\\\" iv (1777, pls. 8-10), but it has also been suggested that Matthew Brettingham the Younger or Daniel Garrett could have been the designer. Following the model of the Villa Capra, it had a large square central block surmounted by a wide dome, with a portico on each face, all constructed in stone. Three of the porticos at Foots Cray Place were filled in to create additional internal space.\",\n \"by Henrik Fisker including cars like BMW Z8, Aston Martin DB9, Aston Martin V8 Vantage, Fisker Karma, VLF Rocket, and the VLF Force 1 V10. In January 2016, Fisker formed VLF Automotive with manufacturer and former Boeing executive Gilbert Villarreal, and auto engineer and former General Motors executive Bob Lutz, to manufacture small-run handcrafted luxury cars. Based in Auburn Hills, Michigan, VLF is the successor to VL Automotive, which was launched in 2013 and led by Villarreal and Lutz. VLF unveiled the Force 1 V10 American supercar at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit on 12 January 2016.\",\n \"baroque and neo-classical styles by Ferdinand von Hohenberg. The Palffy Palace was built in the sixteenth century. Josefsplatz was featured as a notable location in the film \\\"The Third Man\\\" (1949). Josefsplatz was selected as a main motif of one of the very recent Austrian euro collectors' coins: the 5 euro Austrian 2006 EU Presidency commemorative coin, minted on 18 January 2006. The reverse shows the Hofburg Palace in the square. The equestrian statue of Emperor Joseph II is in its center. The wing of the Hofburg can be seen to the right, which contains the Spanish Riding School and\",\n \"fellow connoisseurs from around the world to Althorp, although he did not sell much of it. During Edward's ownership of Althorp approximately 20% of the furnishings of Althorp were sold off. The divestment included eleven Van Dykes and nearly every religious painting in the collection, as well as estate housing, and drew severe public criticism, including from the heir. Edward left the estate to his son, the current owner Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer, after his death in 1992. As a teenager, Charles served as a tour guide at the house and acquired a deep knowledge of Althorp. At the\",\n \"Exodus R. 1. 2; Berakhot l.c.). Bezalel is said to have been only thirteen years of age when he accomplished his great work (Sanhedrin 69b); he owed his wisdom to the merits of pious parents; his grandfather being Hur and his great-grandmother Miriam, he was thus a grandnephew of Moses (Exodus R. 48:3, 4). Bezalel In Exodus 31:1-6 and chapters 36 to 39, Bezalel (, \\\"Bəṣalʼēl\\\", also transcribed as \\\"Betzalel\\\"), was the chief artisan of the Tabernacle and was in charge of building the Ark of the Covenant, assisted by Aholiab. The section in chapter 31 describes his selection as\",\n \"The Cloisters the museum by financier and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Other major sources of objects were the collections of J. P. Morgan and Joseph Brummer. The museum's building was designed by architect Charles Collens, on a site on a steep hill, with upper and lower levels. It contains medieval gardens and a series of chapels and themed galleries, including the Romanesque, Fuentidueña, Unicorn, Spanish and Gothic rooms. The design, layout and ambiance of the building is intended to evoke a sense of medieval European monastic life. It holds about 5,000 works of art and architecture, all European and mostly dating\",\n \"Englert Theatre portion of eastern Iowa. Louis' son John developed a successful ice (winter cut, summer sales) and wood (summer cut, winter sales) business, which Will and his half brothers Clarence (Bumps) and John (Jack) eventually ran jointly as their father's successors. A 1926 fire destroyed the original interior of the Englert, but a determined remarried Englert widow, Etta Chopek Englert Hanlon rebuilt. The reconstruction cost $125,000, which is equal to $1.6 million in 2012 dollars. Among other design alterations, she eliminated eight box seating areas, each with six seats, hanging from the side walls. They had been considered fire traps even\",\n \"Peter Paul Rubens Sir Peter Paul Rubens (; ; 28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) was a Flemish artist. He is considered the most influential artist of Flemish Baroque tradition. Rubens' highly charged compositions reference erudite aspects of classical and Christian history. His unique and immensely popular Baroque style emphasized movement, color, and sensuality, which followed the immediate, dramatic artistic style promoted in the Counter-Reformation. Rubens specialized in making altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects. In addition to running a large studio in Antwerp that produced paintings popular with nobility and art collectors throughout\",\n \"opening. When The Public reopened in 2012 after the renovation, the Pub's food and beverage partner Joe's Pub LLC - Kevin Abbott, Serge Becker, Josh Pickard and Paul Salmon - was joined by the Noho Hospitality Group, the restaurant group led by Andrew Carmellini and Luke Ostrom. The group also launched a full-service restaurant, The Library at The Public. The decor of Joe's Pub is the work of interior designer and Joe's Pub LLC partner Serge Becker, the man behind many New York City hotspots, including La Esquina on Delancey Street. Patrons often note an accordion encased along the east\",\n \"architect Eero Saarinen, and completed in 1964. The main buildings of Odense University, designed by Knud Holscher and Jørgen Vesterholt and built 1971–1976, are clad in weathering steel, earning them the nickname \\\"Rustenborg\\\" (Danish for \\\"rusty fortress\\\"). In 1977, Robert Indiana created a Hebrew version of the \\\"Love\\\" sculpture made from weathering steel using the four-letter word ahava (אהבה, \\\"love\\\" in Hebrew) for the Israel Museum Art Garden in Jerusalem, Israel. In Denmark, all masts for supporting the catenary on electrified railways are made of weathering steel for aesthetic reasons. Weathering steel was used in 1971 for the Highliner electric\",\n \"funded solely by the federal government, thus requiring assistance from both the private sector and foundations. Michael Van Valkenburgh, principal of a Brooklyn landscape architecture firm, said he was drawn to St. Louis partly because of Citygarden's design and success. Van Valkenburgh was selected in 2010 to renovate the grounds of the Gateway Arch. The park was designed so larger works of art rest on wide lawns, while smaller spaces are reserved for more private areas. It is home to 24 sculptures, some of which were created by Fernand Léger, Keith Haring, Aristide Maillol, Laura Ford, Tony Smith, Jim Dine,\",\n \"Stolberg Castle Stolberg Castle () is a palace in the town of Stolberg in the Harz Mountains of Germany. It dates to the 13th century and stands above the town on a hill with steep drops on three sides. Since 2003 it has been completely restored and renovated by the German Foundation for Monument Conservation. Its oldest element, the round tower, dates to the time around 1200, the more recent elements were built in the Renaissance style between 1539 and 1547. In the southeast wing is the Classicist Great Reception Room (\\\"Großes Empfangszimmer\\\") and the Red Room (\\\"Roter Saal\\\") designed\",\n \"but by the 19th century it was under continuous threat of flooding due to the rise in sea level. By then the Schoklanders had retreated to the three most elevated parts: Emmeloord, Molenbuurt, and Middelbuurt. A major flood in 1825 brought massive destruction, and in 1859 the government decided to end permanent settlement on Schokland. The former municipality of Schokland was joined to Kampen on the mainland. Today Schokland is a popular archeological site and host to the Schokland Museum. Schokland was the first UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Netherlands. The nearest railway stations are in Kampen and Dronten.\",\n \"Raj Bhavan, Bhopal was renamed as Raj Bhavan. Since then it has served as the official residence of the Governors of Madhya Pradesh. Built in 1880 by the Nawab of Bhopal State, Begum Shahjahan by a European architecture under the supervision of Austate Cook (a French Engineer), Built over an area of and the total cost incurred on construction was Rs. 72,878,3 annas and one paisa. It was the first Kothi in the city of Bhopal with roof made of red China clay 'Kavelus' and the predominant colour of the Kothi was red. For these reason they named this building Lal Kothi. A\",\n \"Le Lieu unique was declared protected site and escaped from demolition. It welcomed new cultural events from the CRDC: June 1996, \\\"Trafics : marché de l’art et trafic de spectacles\\\" (Traffics: art fair and show traffics) in June 1996, \\\"Cuisines et Performances\\\" (Cuisines and Performances) in June 1997, \\\"Fin de siècle\\\" (End of century) in Johannesburg in October 1997, \\\"Fin de siècle\\\" (End of century) in New York in 1998. The tower is built again. The factory is renovated by the architect Patrick Bouchain, respecting the industrial identity of the site. Jean Blaise and his team opened the lieu unique on the 30th\",\n \"E. Fay Jones Euine Fay Jones (January 31, 1921 – August 31, 2004) was an American architect and designer. An apprentice of Frank Lloyd Wright during his professional career, Jones is the only one of Wright's disciples to have received the AIA Gold Medal (1990), the highest honor awarded by the American Institute of Architects. His Thorncrown Chapel was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000, only 20 years after it was built, in recognition of its architectural significance. It has also received a special 25-Year Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Architects and other\",\n \"La Grande Vitesse to the location could \\\"see\\\" the sculpture in its entirety. The Civic Center in which the sculpture is sited was designed by Chicago architectural firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. The site features two black, rectilinear, curtain-walled buildings for City Hall and Kent County, surrounded by a concrete plaza. The county building, which is shorter with a larger footprint, features has an enlarged reproduction of a Calder painting on its roof. The construction and sculpture projects were part of a downtown urban renewal effort. The area is formally named Vandenberg Plaza, after Senator Arthur Vandenberg, but is popularly referred to as\",\n \"Eberndorf Abbey credited with having provided the present structure was Pietro Francesco Carlone, a prolific builder of abbeys at the time. The three storey eastern wing, elevated by the effect of the gently rising ground, provides a monumental impression. The protruding tower on the northwestern corner, reminiscent of a castle residence, dates back to the monastery's medieval fortified structure: the tower's other functions and uses are not entirely clear. The complex also includes three level pillar-arched cloisters, following the conventions of the seventeenth century, although the cloisters were partially glazed in and their outer facings renovated between 1992 and 1995. At the\",\n \"Esplanade Laurier building were removed and replaced with white painted plasterboard, still in place today. In 2002, the building was closed for several days after an accident caused hundreds of litres of ethylene glycol to enter the water supply. After the system was flushed the towers returned to operation. The building is currently managed by Rosdev Group, an organisation that has been criticised for poor maintenance and mismanagement. The federal government bought the property for 20 million in 2010 from Rosdev. As of 2018 both towers are undergoing major renovations, as most former occupants from the Department of Finance and the Treasury\",\n \"Beacon Hill (TV series) maid, and Emmeline's niece; Paul Ryan Rudd as Brian Mallory, Emmeline's nephew and the Lassiter family's chauffeur; Barry Snider as Harry Emmet, the former chauffeur, who was fired for stealing money from the Lassiter family; David Rounds as Terence O'Hara, Hacker's assistant; Richard Ward as William Piper, the family cook; Don Blakely as Grant Piper (William's son); and Holland Taylor as Marilyn Gardiner, Mrs. Lassiter's personal assistant/secretary. The first episode cost $900,000 to produce, and the music was composed by Marvin Hamlisch. Christopher Schemering of \\\"The Soap Opera Encyclopedia\\\" called \\\"Beacon Hill\\\" \\\"the most touted prime-time soap since the Lana\",\n \"Gerrit Rietveld Gerrit Thomas Rietveld (; 24 June 1888 – 25 June 1964) was a Dutch furniture designer and architect. One of the principal members of the Dutch artistic movement called De Stijl, Rietveld is famous for his Red and Blue Chair and for the Rietveld Schröder House, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Rietveld was born in Utrecht in 1888 as the son of a joiner. He left school at 11 to be apprenticed to his father and enrolled at night school before working as a draughtsman for C. J. Begeer, a jeweller in Utrecht, from 1906 to\",\n \"Tradescant the elder, were redesigned twice in the eighteenth century. First, under the London banker James Colebrooke (who bought the estate from the Digges family) fine vistas were created stretching to the river and then, under Thomas Heron (who acquired the estate from Colebrooke's son Robert), Capability Brown made further recommendations for change, some of which were implemented. Chilham Castle was purchased by James Wildman in 1794 and in 1816 was inherited by his son James Beckford Wildman, who sold it in 1861, because of falling income after emancipation of the slaves on the family estates in the West Indies.\",\n \"The house was designed by Sir Robert Taylor in the Georgian style and built for William Clayton, a Member of Parliament, in 1753. The house was gutted by fire in the mid 20th century but remained in the Clayton family until 1950. The present owners, who have owned the property since 1952, converted the property to office use in 1988. They operate a large marina and offer boat mooring services but plan to convert the property into flats. Harleyford Manor Harleyford Manor is a country house near Marlow in Buckinghamshire. The house is listed Grade I on the National Heritage\",\n \"St Mary and St Nicolas, Spalding of Sir George Gilbert Scott. The rood screen was reconstructed by John Oldrid Scott in 1875 and incorporates parts of the fifteenth century screen. The twentieth-century additions included four modern stained glass windows, the decoration of the chancel ceiling by Stephen Dykes Bower, rebuilding and re-siting the organ, the shop and visitor centre, and a vestry on the south side of the chancel. In 2013 the main entrance was relocated to the west door and an internal glazed porch was fitted. At the same time, a new stone floor was laid and the steps were removed from the font. In\",\n \"Herrenhäuser Church who opens the door lays their hand on the following words of the Lord’s Prayer: “And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors.” (Matthew 6, 12) The big Chandelier controls the interior room of the church. A man from Saxony manufactured the chandelier in the 90s. He did it after old drafts but developed it with new - age form perception. Models of the Chandelier can be found for example in the Hildesheimer and the Aachener cathedral. Twelve gateways maimed with battlements, six towers and 6 houses decorate the polished brass rim (the twelve houses of\",\n \"was executed by craftsmen. Richard Cassels also designed Carton, Haselwood, Russborough and Leinster House. Westport House was completed by James Wyatt, one of the greatest English architects, who also laid out the town of Westport. On the south facade is the date 1778. Inside, many of the ceilings, cornice and fireplaces are examples of Wyatt's finest works. The large dining room is perhaps the finest remaining example of his work. The doors are mahogany brought back from the family estates in Jamaica. There are still a number of original Wyatt drawings on show, along with some of his son's, Benjamin\",\n \"Jules Saulnier Jules Saulnier (1817-1881) was a French architect. He is best remembered for his work on the Menier Chocolate Co. buildings in Noisiel, France. Many historians cite his 1872 building as the first true skeleton structure, having its exterior walls requiring only simple infill. The February 1997 issue of the Architectural Review called the iron and brick chocolate factory at Noisiel \\\"one of the iconic buildings of the Industrial Revolution\\\". In 1992, the factory was designated by the government of France as an official Monument historique and is on the list to be named a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\",\n \"Alfred Messel Alfred Messel (22 July 1853 – 24 March 1909) was one of the most well-known German architects at the turning point to the 20th century, creating a new style for buildings which bridged the transition from historicism to modernism. Messel was able to combine the structure, decoration, and function of his buildings, which ranged from department stores, museums, office buildings, mansions, and social housing to soup kitchens, into a coherent, harmonious whole. As an urban architect striving for excellence he was in many respects ahead of his time. His most well known works, the Wertheim department stores and\",\n \"of the building was completed on 16 July 2012. In March 2013, the museum's main pieces of art were moved back from the 'fragment building' (Philips Wing) to the main building. \\\"The Night Watch\\\" returned to the Night Watch Room, at the end of the Hall of Fame. On 13 April 2013, the main building was reopened by Queen Beatrix. On 1 November 2014, the Philips Wing reopened with the exhibition . The building of the Rijksmuseum was designed by Pierre Cuypers and opened in 1885. It consists of two squares with an atrium in each centre. In the central\",\n \"Thomas Mann House was not subject to any local historical protection orders. The house was bought by the Government of Germany in November 2016 for $13.25 million. After a one and a half-year restoration period, a fellowship program for intellectuals and visionaries will be installed to tackle eminent contemporary issues relevant to both shores of the Atlantic. The Foreign Minister of Germany, Frank-Walter Steinmeier, said that the house provided \\\"a home for so many Germans who fought for a better future for our country and for a more open society...It is in this spirit that we want to revive the Thomas Mann villa\\\".\",\n \"Swiętej Trojcy street in Bydgoszcz his death in 1969. In late December 2017, a fire broke out in the attic, destroying most of the wattle and daub gabbles. The building boasts German historicism, with a mix of early Art Nouveau elements (curved shapes, round bay windows, floral wrought iron motifs on the balconies) and more ancient styles (Wattle and daub building, tented roof with peak). The most recent renovation (September 2016) brought the tenement back to its past glory, with the restoration of the gate portal with its transom light. 1903 Industrial architecture The first dye house owned by Bydgoszcz industrialist William Kopp was established\",\n \"Aachen Cathedral Aachen Cathedral (German: \\\"Aachener Dom\\\"), traditionally called in English the Cathedral of Aix-la-Chapelle, is a Roman Catholic church in Aachen, western Germany, and the see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Aachen. It is claimed as one of the oldest cathedrals in Europe and was constructed by order of the emperor Charlemagne, who was buried there after his death in 814. For 595 years, from 936 to 1531, the Palatine Chapel, heart of the cathedral, was the church of coronation for thirty-one German kings and twelve queens. The church has been the mother church of the Diocese of\",\n \"Hochtief The company's history dates back to 1874 and includes engineering feats such as the transplantation of the Abu Simbel rock temples in Egypt (saving them from the rise of the River Nile caused by the Aswan High Dam), and infrastructure projects like the new Athens International Airport and Germany's first nuclear power plant. It is also noted for its involvement with the Bauhaus movement, particularly for its work at Zollverein colliery and the reconstruction of the Kandinsky-Klee house in Dessau; both World Heritage Sites. During World War II it deployed forced labor on construction projects. It built the Führerbunker in\",\n \"government considered building a new home to serve as the Governor's residence. The Hubbell family—the owners of Terrace Hill—then offered the home to the state for use as a residence for the Governor and his family. In the fall of 1976, Robert D. Ray became the first Governor to use Terrace Hill as his residence when he moved there with his wife Billie Ray and their three daughters. Governors Terry Branstad (1983–1999, 2011–2017), Tom Vilsack (1999–2007), Chet Culver (2007–2011), and Kim Reynolds (2017–present) have occupied Terrace Hill since then. Terrace Hill is located at 2300 Grand Avenue, south of Interstate\",\n \"Belvedere Court Belvedere Court is a residential block of fifty six flats in Lyttelton Road, East Finchley, North London, England. It was designed by the architect Ernst Ludwig Freud and built by H Meckhonik, a London-based contractor, in 1937/38 on land previously owned by the Church Estate Commissioners. The flats were initially built for rental only and principally let to Jewish families from Europe, moving to Britain to escape the Nazi occupation. The flats incorporated many modern facilities, including waste disposal chutes, fully fitted kitchens and central heating. Many of these features were considered the height of luxury in the\",\n \"2000, the concentration camp complex gained international recognition through the collaboration of Anton Posset with the film crew of Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks. Liberation of one of the Kaufering IV subcamps of Dachau was depicted in Episode 9 \\\"Why We Fight\\\" of the TV mini-series Band of Brothers. Through the photographs of the American/French liberators and the documentation of the survivor's reports collected by Anton Posset, the camp was reconstructed in England for the mini-series. Hurlach Hurlach is a municipality in the district of Landsberg in Bavaria in Germany. During World War II Kaufering concentration camp IV, a subcamp\",\n \"Hansaviertel The Hansaviertel is the smallest \\\"Ortsteil\\\" (district) of Berlin and is between Großer Tiergarten and the Spree River, within the central Mitte borough of Berlin. It was almost completely destroyed during World War II but was rebuilt from 1957 to 1961 as a housing estate project by international master architects like Alvar Aalto, Egon Eiermann, Walter Gropius, Oscar Niemeyer, Sep Ruf. Called \\\"Interbau\\\", the whole ensemble has two churches (St. Ansgar and Kaiser-Friedrich-Gedächtniskirche) and is now protected as a historic monument. The quarter received its name for its streets named after Hansa cities, with the \\\"Hansaplatz\\\" in the centre.\",\n \"Trompenburgh De Trompenburgh is a 17th-century manor house in 's-Graveland, North Holland, Netherlands, designed by Daniel Stalpaert and built for Admiral Cornelis Tromp, one of the naval heroes of the Dutch Republic. The house is almost entirely surrounded by water and was built to resemble a ship, even with decks and railings. Before the current house was built another buitenplaats had been built by Andries Bicker in 1636. The original house dates back to 1654. Through inheritance the house came into the possession of the widow of Van Hellemont Raephorst who remarried on January 25, 1667 with Admiral Cornelis Tromp.\",\n \"too small for their needs. They decided with advisors to replace the house with a new, larger residence. The new Osborne House was built between 1845 and 1851 in the style of the Italian Renaissance, complete with two belvedere towers. Prince Albert designed the house himself in conjunction with builder Thomas Cubitt, the London architect and builder whose company also built the main façade of Buckingham Palace. The couple paid for much of the new house's furnishings by the sale of the Royal Pavilion at Brighton. The house's original square wing was known as 'The Pavilion,' containing the principal and\",\n \"one of the DIA's finest assets, and even \\\"one of America's most significant monuments\\\". The building also contains intricate iron work by Samuel Yellin, tile from Pewabic Pottery, and architectural sculpture by Leon Hermant. In November 2007, the Detroit Institute of Arts building completed a renovation and expansion at a total cost of $158 million. Architects for the renovation included Michael Graves and associates along with the SmithGroup. The project, labeled the \\\"Master Plan Project\\\", included expansion and renovation of the north and south wings as well as restoration of the original Paul Cret building, and added 58,000 additional square\",\n \"Hagley Hall house was restored, but the uppermost floor of the servants' quarters was not, which means that the present roof line between the towers is lower than it was when first constructed. The estate fell into disrepair and incurred a mounting debt beginning in the 1970s. The 11th Viscount Cobham was forced to sell off large tracts of estate land to keep it afloat (in addition to paying for his high-profile divorce). His brother and successor Christopher Charles Lyttelton, 12th Viscount Cobham began restoration works in both the main house and the park. The park is open to the public and\",\n \"During the rule of the East India Company, it was repaired in 1807 and 1810. The original date of construction is still disputed, but Hussaini Dalan in its present form is attributed to Nasrat Jung, who rebuilt the imambara in 1823. The present flat roof was rebuilt by Nawab Ahsanuallah Bahadur after the earthquake of 1897, and another verandah was added to the southern side.. The main building is situated in the middle of complex, built on an area of about 0.65 Bighas (9,380 sq. ft/ 88.05 sq. meters). In the south touching the building there is a “pond” having\",\n \"etc., and making sure they had the correct parts to perform the repair. So, in 1953 Al, Mort, and Bob opened up the first Rickel Brothers store in Union, New Jersey, and Ryan was warmly referred to as \\\"employee number one\\\" for his entire 35-year stint with the Rickel store chain. Rickel was one of the first \\\"do-it-yourself\\\" home improvement stores, expanding beyond plumbing supplies and selling heating and electrical supplies and tools in addition. An early slogan and jingle of the Rickel chain, which lasted in some degree to its 1997 closure, was \\\"Rickel Helps You Do it Better-\",\n \"Queen's Tower in Norfolk Park by Robert Marnock in 1839. In 1953 the Duke of Norfolk Estate leased the site to Sheffield City Council for 999 years. In 2004, the building featured on the BBC TV programme \\\"Restoration\\\" and was the subject of a National Lottery funding bid to convert it to a heritage centre and traditional farm. Green Estate, which was established by the Manor and Castle Development Trust and Sheffield Wildlife Trust, received £1.25 million from the Heritage Lottery Fund to restore the Turret House and develop the site as a visitor attraction. The Sheffield Manor Lodge visitor\",\n \"erected as the so-called \\\"Refuge House\\\" by the Saint Gertrude Abbey of Leuven. It was designed by the Belgian-Austrian architect Louis Joseph Montoyer. At the time of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1830), the building was planned to be used as the location for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1830 it was purchased by Prince Eugène of Ligne, and from 1944, the building became state property after which it was furnished to function as a meeting place for the prime minister and his cabinet. Prime Minister of Belgium The Prime Minister of Belgium (; ; ) or the\",\n \"MS Marella Celebration and the third Holland America Line vessel to bear the name. Her sister ship, the \\\"Thomson Spirit\\\", was originally the Holland America ship . In 2005, a replacement, the fourth \\\"Noordam\\\", was ordered from Fincantieri shipyards in Italy. After its last sailing with Holland America Line, the ship was taken out of service, chartered to Thomson Cruises and rechristened as the \\\"Thomson Celebration\\\". She was originally furnished with a $1million art collection, some of which, including a 17th-century Oriental screen, can still be found on board. \\\"Marella Celebration\\\" received a refurbishment in December 2013 carried out by Blohm + Voss.\",\n \"began on February 3, 2015, at the front of the Ximenez-Fatio House property adjacent to Aviles Street. Led by Carl Halbirt, it concluded on March 14, 2015. After purchasing the Ximenez House in 1939, the Florida Dames were inspired by members of the Carnegie Restoration Committee to engage the most knowledgeable consultants available. Over the years, they have included architects Charles E. Peterson, Blair Reeves, Herschel Shepard, Charles Phillips and Joseph Oppermann; archaeologists Robert Steinbach, Dr. Charles Fairbanks, and, Kathleen Deagan; historians William Seale, Charles Tingley; and curator Robert Harper. Seale, who helped restore many historical American buildings, including a\",\n \"St. Louis Lambert International Airport in St. Louis, former unused gates in the D concourse have been renovated and renamed as E gates. As of October 2018, there are 18 active gates: E29 is a city-owned common-use international arrival gate, while the other 17 are leased to Southwest. In January 2018, a new common-use lounge, operated by Wingtips, opened near gate E31. This lounge is the first in Terminal 2 and the only common-use club in the airport. Lambert's runways have long been used for test flights and deliveries of military aircraft, first by McDonnell Douglas, which built its world headquarters and principal assembly plant\",\n \"attributed to Frank Lloyd Wright, but they were actually designed by Wright's protégé and son-in-law William Wesley Peters. Wright's widow, Olgivanna Lloyd Wright, is also cited as an influence. Peters became the head of Wright's architectural firm Taliesin Associates after Wright's death in 1959. Though Peters had his own style, he collaborated with Wright for more than twenty years. He based the design of the Louisville complex largely on three of Wright's projects, only one of which was actually built. Like the Kaden Tower, Wright's never-constructed 1946 sketches for the Sarabhai Calico Mills Store in Ahmedabad, India, had grillwork over\",\n \"the 1970s, before its renovation, its facade was used for exterior shots of the castle where Count von Count lived on the children's television series \\\"Sesame Street\\\". In 1995, the Conservancy's Historic Preservation Crew replaced the painted wooden loggia of the castle, working from Vaux's designs, on the granite piers and walls that had survived. The Central Park Conservancy is conducting a second renovation of Belvedere Castle 35 years after the 1983 renovation. Plans include replacing existing doors and windows with double paned glass. When it was last renovated in 1983, the original turret was replaced, the pavilions were rebuilt,\",\n \"Thomas Heatherwick over the problems, settling out of court for £1.7m. Danny Boyle said it was the inspiration for his asking Heatherwick Studio to design the Olympic Cauldron: “It goes back to the time I spent sitting under his \\\"B of the Bang\\\" sculpture. I loved it so much; it’s a tragedy they took it down.” Heatherwick was appointed by Worth Abbey in 2009 to redesign its church interior. A modern version of traditional monastic furniture was installed including pews for 700, choir stalls, monastery seats, desks and confession rooms, all of which were fabricated from solid hardwood. Cracks appeared in the\",\n \"largest-scale restoration project since the reconstruction of the Ishtar Gate. From 2001 to 2010, more than 30 sculptures were reconstructed out of around 27,000 fragments. They were exhibited at the Pergamon Museum in Berlin in 2011 and at the Bundeskunsthalle Bonn in 2014. The latter exhibition focused not just on the archaeological finds but also on the person of Max von Oppenheim, who has been called \\\"the last of the great amateur archaeological explorers of the Near East\\\". When the reconstruction of the Museumsinsel is completed around 2025, the Western Palace façade will be the entrance to the new Vorderasiatisches\",\n \"Hashemite custodianship of Jerusalem holy sites century. In 2016, King Abdullah II participated in funding renovation of Christ's tomb in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and in 2017, Abdullah donated $1.4 million to the Jerusalem Islamic Waqf, the Jordanian authority responsible for administering Al-Aqsa. An independent report estimates the total amount that the Hashemites have spent since 1924 on administering and renovating Al Aqsa as over $1 billion. Intermittent violence at the Temple Mount between the Israel Defense Forces and Palestinians evolves into diplomatic disputes between Israel and Jordan. Among Sunni Muslims, the Temple Mount is widely considered the third holiest site in Islam. Revered\",\n \"government as historical monuments since 1966, at the request of André Malraux. The son Michel (or Jacques Michel) Jaoul worked as an architect in Le Corbusier's office and in 1988 was in charge of the renovation of the houses. The construction of these vaulted houses signals a new trend in Le Corbusier's work, and the Maisons Jaoul can be considered his first \\\"New Brutalist\\\" work. \\\"...Shallow concrete vaults cast against a permanent framework of thin bricks set in place without the use of centering. These brick spans served as permanent molds for the shell concrete vaults cast in place on\",\n \"Kehlsteinhaus atop the Kehlstein, a subpeak of the Hoher Göll that rises above the town of Berchtesgaden. It was commissioned by Martin Bormann in the summer of 1937. Paid for by the Nazi Party, it was completed in 13 months. Hitler first visited on September 16, 1938, and returned on April 20, 1939, for its inauguration. Contrary to widespread assumptions, however, the Eagle's Nest was not a gift for Hitler's 50th birthday in 1939. A wide approach road climbs over . Costing RM 30 million to build (about 150 million inflation-adjusted euros in 2007), it includes five tunnels and one hairpin\",\n \"a glass-enclosed area behind the back row that enabled parents with young children to enjoy the show without disturbing the other patrons. The Joy was built by long-time theater operators Joy Houck (the theater's namesake) and Levere Montgomery, Sr. The architect was B. W. Stevens. \\\"Lover Come Back\\\", starring Lucille Ball, was the opening feature. In 2003, \\\"finally succumbing to the competition from megaplexes with stadium-style seating and a dozen or more screens,\\\" the Joy Theater closed. In August 2005, the flood following Hurricane Katrina inundated the structure. In July 2011, the Joy was purchased by NOLA Theatre District LLC.\",\n \"Schloss Meseberg 1995. The foundation, devoted to preserving historical landmarks, spent 11 years and more than $30 million renovating the stucco building, with its Ionic half-columns and high mansard roof. In 2004, the Messerschmitt Foundation agreed to lease the palace to the Federal German Government for 20 years, for a symbolic annual rent of one euro. The government subsequently spent $17 million to install security and communications equipment and period furniture and paintings. Since 2007, it has been the retreat of the Chancellor of Germany (as Chequers is for the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Camp David for the President\",\n \"Cornelius Low House elements, were replaced. Rather than square up the window openings, the restoration firm installed fully functional, though crooked, windows in their place. From 1995 through most of 1996, Arvid Myhre Building Construction Company of Frenchtown, New Jersey completed the physical rehabilitation of the house. 26 layers of paint were stripped from the woodwork which was then repainted in historically accurate colors. Behind-the-scenes work included complete upgrades of heating and cooling systems, new electrical wiring encased in metal conduit, a state-of-the-art dry-feed fire suppression system, and new plumbing and water supply systems. Additionally, an exhibit system was fabricated to protect the\",\n \"by the President in 1950 when India became a republic and the house was renamed \\\"Rashtrapati Bhavan\\\". It has 355 decorated rooms and a floor area of 200,000 square feet (19,000 m²). The structure includes 700 million bricks and 3.5 million cubic feet (85,000 m³) of stone, with only minimal usage of steel. Lutyens established ateliers in Delhi and Lahore to employ local craftsmen. The chief engineer of the project was Sir Teja Singh Malik, and four main contractors included Sir Sobha Singh. The layout plan of the building is designed around a massive square with multiple courtyards and open\",\n \"Het Steen Het Steen is a medieval fortress in the old city centre of Antwerp, Belgium, one of Europe's biggest ports. Built after the Viking incursions in the early Middle Ages as the first stone fortress of Antwerp, Het Steen is Antwerp's oldest building and used to be its oldest urban centre. Previously known as Antwerpen Burcht (fortress), Het Steen gained its current name in around 1520, after significant rebuilding under Charles V. The rebuilding led to its being known first as \\\"\\\"'s Heeren Steen\\\"\\\" (the King's stone castle), and later simply as \\\"Het Steen\\\" (the stone castle). The Dutch\",\n \"by Frank Lloyd Wright, such as the A. D. German Warehouse in Wisconsin and Aline Barnsdall Hollyhock House in Hollywood, the Ennis House is sometimes referred to as an example of the Mayan Revival architecture. Its prominent detail is the relief ornamentation on its textile blocks, inspired by the symmetrical reliefs of Puuc architecture in Uxmal. The Ennis House is a designated city, state, and national landmark. It is currently owned by billionaire Ronald Burkle. As of December 2018, it is listed for sale at $23 million. Costs escalated owing to difficulties developed during construction, which was supervised by Frank\",\n \"and refurbished, and was equipped with purpose built furniture for the first time. The design of the furnishings and the overall supervision of the refurbishment was the work of the UK designer Thomas Heatherwick. In May 2005, BBC Two broadcast The Monastery, a three-part documentary series filmed at Worth Abbey. This was followed in June 2006 by \\\"The Monastery Revisited\\\". In 2010 \\\"The Big Silence\\\" was broadcast. Worth Abbey The Abbey of Our Lady, Help of Christians, commonly known as Worth Abbey, is a community of Roman Catholic monks who follow the Rule of St Benedict near Turners Hill village,\",\n \"As a result, in 2011, the city temporarily resumed management of Casa Loma and began welcoming bids from the private sector in its search for a new operator. In January 2014, the city entered a new long-term lease and operating agreement with Liberty Entertainment Group, led by President and CEO Nick Di Donato, which agreed to spend $7.4 million to continue the castle's upgrades. The company's plans also included a fine dining facility. The restaurant, Blueblood Steakhouse, opened in summer 2017. Sir Henry imported artisans from Europe to design much of the furniture and other features of the castle. Casa\",\n \"Wilderstein process. The new interior of the building was designed by Joseph Burr Tiffany, a cousin of Louis Comfort Tiffany. The rooms of ground floor were done in Historic Revival Style and in the aesthetic movement style using materials such as use mahogany, leather, stained glass, and linen. In parallel to the redesign of the mansion proper, the grounds of the estate were transformed by landscape architect Calvert Vaux according to the American Romantic Landscape style. Vaux's design comprised the creation of a network of drives and trails, the positioning of specimen trees and ornamental shrubs as well as the placement\",\n \"Hôtel Lambert tenant Michèle Morgan suggested that super-rich clients wanting a tailor-made luxury modern residence should consider a larger site on the outskirts of Paris rather than a cramped position limited on all sides by the river Seine and listed monuments. However, Alain-Charles Perrot, the architect in charge of the project, suggested that there was an element of racism in the objections. After several years of wrangling, a truce was overseen by the Ministry of Culture and Paris City Hall, and the renovation was given the go-ahead under the supervision of Bâtiments de France, which safeguards historic monuments. Work began in 2010.\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":768,"string":"768"}}},{"rowIdx":86,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"what is the name of the ridge near signal mountain tennessee"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["Signal Mountain, Tennessee Signal Mountain is a town in Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States. The town is a suburb of Chattanooga and is located on Walden Ridge. \"Signal Mountain\" is used as a colloquial name for the part of Walden Ridge close to the town. The town population was 7,554 as of the 2010 census and estimated to be 8,573 in 2016. Signal Mountain is located in southwestern Hamilton County at 35°8′N 85°21′W (35.1291, -85.3424), atop the south end of Walden Ridge. The southern edge of the town overlooks the Tennessee River below. The town is bordered to the south"],"string":"[\n \"Signal Mountain, Tennessee Signal Mountain is a town in Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States. The town is a suburb of Chattanooga and is located on Walden Ridge. \\\"Signal Mountain\\\" is used as a colloquial name for the part of Walden Ridge close to the town. The town population was 7,554 as of the 2010 census and estimated to be 8,573 in 2016. Signal Mountain is located in southwestern Hamilton County at 35°8′N 85°21′W (35.1291, -85.3424), atop the south end of Walden Ridge. The southern edge of the town overlooks the Tennessee River below. The town is bordered to the south\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["valleys. Chenocetah Mountain Chenocetah Mountain, known to locals as \"Tower Mountain,\" is located near the towns of Mount Airy and Cornelia, Georgia. The mountain has an elevation of . Atop the mountain, the WPA built an observation tower in 1937 for the Forest Service; it is used as a fire tower for observation by rangers. \"Chenocetah\" is a Cherokee language word meaning \"see all around.\" Variant names were \"Griffin Mountain\" and \"Tower Mountain\". Occasionally visitors are allowed in. During Cornelia's annual Big Red Apple Festival, visitors are allowed into the tower to enjoy its panoramic view of the surrounding hills","Music of East Tennessee 1964 until 1970. The last of three versions of the theme song was sung by The Imperials, a Grammy-winning Christian music group. Ruby Falls, a waterfall inside the Lookout Mountain Caverns, has inspired multiple songs. Johnny Cash and Roy Orbison wrote and recorded the song \"See Ruby Falls\", on Cash's 1970 album \"Hello, I'm Johnny Cash\". Country artist Ray Stevens also included a song named \"Ruby Falls\" on his 2011 album, \"Bozos's Back Again\". Country superstar Kenny Chesney, (originally from Luttrell), has described scenery from his East Tennessee youth in many of his songs, especially I Go Back. Chesney also","The Summit Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve The Summit Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve, often shortened as Summit Bechtel Reserve (SBR), located in Fayette and Raleigh Counties, near Beckley, West Virginia, is one of four facilities managed by the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). The Summit Bechtel Reserve is the current home of the National Scout Jamboree, the Paul R. Christen National High Adventure Base, the James C. Justice National Scout Camp, and the John D. Tickle National Training and Leadership Center. The reserve comprises properties totaling over . The facility's opening event was the 2013","Timberline Lodge Timberline Lodge is a mountain lodge on the south side of Mount Hood in Clackamas County, Oregon, about east of Portland. Constructed from 1936 to 1938 by the Works Progress Administration, it was built and furnished by local artisans during the Great Depression. Timberline Lodge was dedicated September 28, 1937, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The National Historic Landmark sits at an elevation of , within the Mount Hood National Forest and is accessible through the Mount Hood Scenic Byway. Publicly owned and privately operated, Timberline Lodge is a popular tourist attraction that draws two million visitors annually.","Doughton Park Doughton Park (Doughton Recreational Area) is the largest recreation area the National Park Service manages on the Blue Ridge Parkway. It is located between mile markers 238.5 - 244.7 and at 36° 30' 59.0394\" N, -81° 8' 40.92\" W. The park is named after North Carolina politician Robert L. Doughton. The park contains over 30 miles of trails: Basin Creek Trail: Accessible only from the Grassy Gap Fire Road, the trail winds past cascading waterfalls to the century-old Caudill Cabin, former home of the Martin Caudill family. Part of the once thriving Basin Cove community, this cabin was","April 14, 2011, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced a settlement with the Tennessee Valley Authority to resolve alleged Clean Air Act violations at 11 of its coal-fired plants in Alabama, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Under the terms of the agreement, Units 1–9 will continuously operate Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems to reduce their emissions of . Kingston Fossil Plant Kingston Fossil Plant, commonly known as Kingston Steam Plant, is a 1.4-gigawatt (1,398 MW) coal-fired power plant located in Roane County, just outside Kingston, Tennessee on the shore of Watts Bar Lake. It is operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority.","a period of two decades, the Tennessee Valley Authority, created in 1933 at the height of the Great Depression, drastically altered the economic, cultural, and physical landscape of East Tennessee. TVA sought to build a series of dams across the Tennessee River watershed to control flooding, bring cheap electricity to East Tennessee, and connect Knoxville and Chattanooga to the nation's inland waterways by creating a continuously navigable channel along the entirety of the Tennessee River. Starting with Norris Dam in 1933, the agency built 10 dams in East Tennessee (and five more across the border in North Carolina and Georgia)","found in the eastern United States. It is unique as a northern boreal relict community at this latitude by virtue of its size, elevation and diversity.\" Since 1994, almost 70% of the Valley has become the Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge, the nation's 500th National Wildlife Refuge. The local pronunciation of \"Canaan\" is , rather than the conventional for the Biblical region from which the area takes its name because, as the legend goes, whoever named the area simply could not pronounce it properly. The Valley, nestled among the higher ranges of the Allegheny Mountains, is about long and to","Battle of Vaught's Hill The Battle of Vaught's Hill, also known as the Battle of Milton, was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on March 20, 1863, in Rutherford County, Tennessee. During the inactivity following the Battle of Stones River, a Union brigade-sized reconnaissance force, under Col. Albert S. Hall, left Murfreesboro on March 18. Circling to the northeast, Hall encountered Confederate Brig. Gen. John Hunt Morgan's cavalry command, which caused him to fall back to a position east of Milton. Pursuing Hall, Morgan's men caught up with him on the morning of March 20, at Vaught's Hill.","East Tennessee height one of the nation's largest copper mining operations. Coal mining operations were established in coal-rich areas of the Cumberland Plateau, namely in Scott County, northern Campbell County, and western Anderson County. In the early 1890s, Tennessee's controversial convict lease system sparked a miners' uprising in Anderson County that became known as the Coal Creek War. While the uprising was eventually crushed, it induced the state to do away with convict leasing, making Tennessee the first southern state to end the controversial practice. Other ambitious ventures during the period included the construction of Ocoee Dam No. 1 and Hales Bar","both located atop the mountain. Glassy Mountain (Georgia) Glassy Mountain is a mountain in the Chattahoochee National Forest in Rabun County, Georgia, with its USGS GNIS summit at , which is AMSL. It is bypassed on its northern flank by a major two-lane highway that carries U.S. Route 76 and Georgia State Route 2 east and west. It is also the location of NOAA Weather Radio station KXI81, which serves nearby Clayton, Georgia (to the east-northeast), Lake Burton (to the west and southwest), and adjacent areas of northeast Georgia, upstate South Carolina, and western North Carolina. A radio tower and","Brown Mountain (North Carolina) Brown Mountain is a low-lying ridge, approximately 1.5 miles long, in the Pisgah National Forest near Morganton, North Carolina, on the border of Burke and Caldwell Counties. For perhaps hundreds of years, and since at least the early 20th century, mysterious illuminations known as the Brown Mountain Lights have been seen there. The lights are small balls that appear irregularly over Brown Mountain. There are hundreds of eyewitness accounts of the lights, and they have merited two investigations by the United States Geological Society. It is known that they have been seen by residents of the","May 6; however, large swaths of downed timber remain, especially on the mountain's westernmost flank above 3,200 feet. Most park trails were re-opened on May 13, with the exception of the Ada-hi Falls Trail. A large section of wooden steps was crushed by fallen trees and will have to be replaced before the trail is re-opened. Black Rock Mountain State Park Black Rock Mountain State Park is a Georgia state park west of Mountain City in Rabun County, Georgia, in Georgia's Blue Ridge Mountains. It is named after its sheer cliffs of dark-colored biotite gneiss. Astride the Eastern Continental Divide","Tennessee Tennessee (, ; ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, Arkansas to the west, and Missouri to the northwest. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Nashville is the state's capital and largest city, with a population of 660,388. Tennessee's second largest","White Rock (Taconic Mountains) White Rock, , is the high point on a ridgeline in the Taconic Mountains. The ridge is located in the tri-state corner of New York, Massachusetts, and Vermont in the towns of Petersburgh, Williamstown, and Pownal. The ridge has several distinct knobs; those with names are, from south to north: White Rocks, ; Smith Hill, ; White Rock, the high point ; and Bald Mountain . The Snow Hole, located along the ridgeline between Bald Mountain and the White Rock, is a crevasse in which snow can be found well into the summer. The summit and","Mount Tremper Mount Tremper, officially known as Tremper Mountain and originally called Timothyberg, is one of the Catskill Mountains in the U.S. state of New York. It is located near the hamlet of Phoenicia, in the valley of Esopus Creek. At in elevation, it is well below the higher peaks of the region. Its slopes were a source of two major local products during the 19th century: hemlock bark, a source of tannin, and bluestone used in construction. Later it was the site of Tremper House, one of the Catskills' earliest railroad resorts. Henry Ward Beecher and Oscar Wilde were","General William Tecumseh Sherman's \"March to the Sea\" during the Civil War. The road to the top is open weekdays to cars, and on weekends only to park buses, which offer transportation to visitors. The road is closed during and after winter weather, as there is no snow removal. Kennesaw Mountain is also a major stopover location for several species of migrating songbirds. There are more than 25 species of warblers, including the rare cerulean warbler. Several small radio antennas, which are atop the mountain near the summit, belong to the U.S. government and the government of Georgia. Originally on","Sycamore Shoals State Historic Area in Tennessee. John and Landon Carter were both prominent in political and military affairs, serving during the American Revolution and several conflicts with Native Americans. When Tennessee was admitted into the United States in 1796, Carter County was named for Landon Carter, and the county seat of Elizabethton was named for his wife, Elizabeth Maclin Carter. The flatlands around Sycamore Shoals have been sporadically inhabited by Native Americans for thousands of years, and were probably cultivated during the Mississippian period (ca. 1000–1600 C.E.). When the first European explorers arrived in the area in the early 18th century, the Cherokee were","Hibriten Mountain Hibriten Mountain, located just east of Lenoir, North Carolina, marks the western end of the Brushy Mountains range. At 2,211 feet, the mountain's summit is nearly 1,000 feet above the surrounding terrain. The summit is well known to the locals for its large welcome light which glows at night in the shape of a star in the weeks before Christmas and a cross before Easter. A fire tower was erected at the summit in 1927. It is considered one of the most important fire towers in western North Carolina. The star/cross light display at the peak was built","Beacon Mountain Beacon Mountain, locally Mount Beacon, is the highest peak of Hudson Highlands, located behind the City of Beacon, New York, in the Town of Fishkill. Its two summits rise above the Hudson River behind the city and can easily be seen from Newburgh across the river and many other places in the region. The more accessible northern peak, at 1,531 feet (467 m) above sea level, has a complex of radio antennas on its summit; the 1,610-foot (491 m) southern summit has a fire lookout tower. Beacon Reservoir, the city's main water source, is located between North Beacon","Signal Hill, California of the LA Basin entailing roughly 10 million people. Part of the view is blocked by homes. \"Reservoir Park\" near the California Heights neighborhood of Long Beach is a large grassy area with picnic tables next to a 4.7 million gallon water reservoir. \"Discovery Well Park\" , flat is near the original well on Signal Hill. There are also six pocket parks of roughly or less, including \"Calbrisas Park\", \"Hillbrook Park\", \"Panorama Promenade\", \"Raymond Arbor Park\", \"Sunset View Park\", and \"Temple View Park\". Near the \"Panorama Promenade\", there is the \"Unity Sculpture\", a 12' height sculpture atop a 4' pedestal","Shawangunk Ridge deposited in a deep ocean during the Ordovician (470 million years ago). The Shawangunk Conglomerate was deposited over the Martinsburg Formation in thick braided rivers during the Silurian (about 420 million years ago); both sequences of sedimentary rock were subsequently deformed in a continental collision associated with the assembly of the Pangean supercontinent during the Permian (about 270 million years ago). This collision deformed strata within the ridge in a northward plunging series of asymmetric folds (e.g., anticlines and synclines) that are inclined gently westward. These same folds, involving strata that overlie the Shawangunk Conglomerate, are exposed north of Shawangunk","2018 Southern Appalachian earthquake of the United States due to higher strength of in the rock in the East. Earthquakes also are felt over wider areas than those of similar intensity in the West. Damage was expected in the small towns near the quake's epicenter, but should not be considered catastrophic.The earthquake's epicenter was located two miles east of Watts Bar Nuclear Plant operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority. They reported that their facilities are designed to withstand seismic events and were not impacted by the earthquake, but personnel would conduct further inspections as a precaution. The Tennessee Department of Transportation was not notified","Arunachala Mt Arunachala (IAST: , \"red mountain\") refers to the holy hill at Tiruvannamalai in Tamil Nadu. The hill is also known by the names Arunagiri, Annamalai Hill, Arunachalam, Arunai, Sonagiri and Sonachalam. It is one of the five main shaivite holy places in South India. The Annamalaiyar Temple, a temple of Lord Shiva is located at the base of the hill. Every year in the Tamil month of Karthigai (November-December), the \"Karthigai Deepam\" (Light) is lit atop the hill. It is also an important place for devotees of Sri Ramana Maharshi, with Sri Ramana Ashram situated at its foothills.","Long Hunter State Park Long Hunter State Park is a state park in Davidson County and Rutherford County, Tennessee, located in the southeastern United States. The park is mostly situated along the eastern shores of Percy Priest Lake, an artificial lake created by an impoundment of the Stones River. Long Hunter State Park comprises three lake sections — Baker's Grove in the north, Couchville at the center, and Bryant Grove to the south. All three sections are connected by narrow strips of land. The park also manages Sellars Farm, a state archaeological area near Lebanon to the east. The West","Cumberland Gap National Historical Park The Cumberland Gap National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park located at the border between Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia, centered on the Cumberland Gap, a natural break in the Appalachian Mountains. The park lies in parts of Bell and Harlan counties in Kentucky, Claiborne County in Tennessee, and Lee County in Virginia. The park contains the Kentucky-Virginia-Tennessee tri-state area, accessible via trail. The Cumberland Gap Visitor Center is located on U.S. Highway 25E just southeast of Middlesboro, Kentucky and just northwest of the Cumberland Gap Tunnel and Cumberland Gap, Tennessee. The visitor","its way westward from the Appalachian Mountains, gaining considerable strength after absorbing the Pigeon River and Nolichucky River near Newport before eventually joining with the Holston River at Knoxville to form the Tennessee River. Douglas Dam is located above the mouth of the French Broad. The area is a geological border between the Foothills of the Great Smoky Mountains (which rise to the south) and the Appalachian Ridge-and-Valley range. The reservoir includes parts of Sevier, Jefferson, Hamblen, and Cocke counties. Road access is available by Tennessee State Hwy 338 which crosses just downstream of the dam. Interstate 40 (Exit 407)","Tullahoma, Tennessee Tullahoma is a city in Coffee and Franklin counties in southern Middle Tennessee. The population was 18,655 at the 2010 census. In 2014 the population was estimated to be 18,899. It is the principal city of the Tullahoma micropolitan area, which consists of Coffee, Franklin, and Moore counties and is the second largest micropolitan area in Tennessee. Tullahoma was founded in 1852 as a work camp along the new Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad. Its name is derived from the Choctaw language, and means \"red rock\". An alternative explanation (see Sam Davis Elliott's \"Soldier of Tennessee\" and sources cited","at May's Mace Bluff were the inspiration for the 2014 Tennessee Archaeology Awareness Month poster, created by the Tennessee Council for Professional Archaeology. Mound Bottom Mound Bottom is a prehistoric Native American complex in Cheatham County, Tennessee, located in the Southeastern United States. The complex, which consists of earthen platform and burial mounds, a 7-acre central plaza, and habitation areas, was occupied between approximately 1000 and 1300 AD, during the Mississippian period. The Mound Bottom site is likely associated with another mound complex located just over a mile to the south known as the Pack Site, or Great Mound Division,","Promontory A promontory is a raised mass of land that projects into a lowland or a body of water (in which case it is a peninsula). Most promontories either are formed from a hard ridge of rock that has resisted the erosive forces that have removed the softer rock to the sides of it, or are the high ground that remains between two river valleys where they form a confluence. Throughout history many forts and castles have been built on promontories because of their inherent defensibility. The promontory forts in Ireland are examples of this. Similarly, the ancient town of","Tennessee's 4th congressional district and has many well-known geographical features related to its location on the Cumberland Plateau. Possibly the most famous of these is Fall Creek Falls in Van Buren County. This part of Tennessee has several well-recognized distilleries such as Duck River, George Dickel, Southern Pride, and most famously the Jack Daniel's Distillery in Lynchburg. The region encompasses many of Tennessee's higher education facilities, such as Middle Tennessee State University, , Bryan College, and Lee University. According to the 2010 census, the five largest cities are Murfreesboro (108,755), Cleveland (41,285), Smyrna (39,974), LaVergne (32,588), and Shelbyville (20,335). Throughout the 20th century, the","Montgomery Bell Tunnel The Montgomery Bell Tunnel, also known as the Patterson Forge Tunnel, is a historic water diversion tunnel in Harpeth River State Park in Cheatham County, Tennessee. Built in 1819, the long tunnel is believed to be the first full-size tunnel built in the United States, and is the first used to divert water for industrial purposes. It was designated a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1981, and a National Historic Landmark in 1994. The Montgomery Bell Tunnel is located in a unit of Harpeth River State Park, north of the town of Kingston Springs, Tennessee. In this","Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests The Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests is an ecoregion in the Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests Biome, in the Eastern United States. The ecoregion is located in the central and southern Appalachian Mountains, including the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians and the Blue Ridge Mountains. It covers an area of about in: northeast Alabama and Georgia, northwest South Carolina, eastern Tennessee, western North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, and central West Virginia and Pennsylvania; and small extensions into Kentucky, New Jersey, and New York. They are one of the world's richest temperate deciduous forests in terms of biodiversity; there are an unusually high number","Seneca\". The Rocks consist of a North and a South Peak, with a central notch between. Formerly, a prominent pinnacle — \"the Gendarme\" — occupied the notch. The west flank of the Wills Mountain Anticline in the area of Seneca Rocks consists of geological strata that have been upended and rotated 90 degrees to form the impressive crag as well as other prominent outcroppings of the erosion-resistant white/gray Tuscarora quartzite, including nearby Champe Rocks. The Anticline is a gigantic upward bulge formed more than 200 million years ago at the end of the Paleozoic Era. The quartzite is approximately 250","Deep Notch Deep Notch, sometimes West Kill Notch, or Echo Notch, is a mountain pass in Lexington, New York, United States. It divides two Catskill peaks, both subpeaks of high peaks of the range. The narrow groove between the steep, high slopes on either side is traversed by state highway NY 42 and the Shandaken Tunnel, part of the New York City water supply system. It has been called \"striking\" and \"a marvel of grandeur and beauty\". The rocky slopes have required extra fencing at the base to prevent slides from blocking the road, the only paved road from northwestern","course, a manufacturing plant, and several fireworks stores. A local rock quarry was closed in 2017. Bean Station, Tennessee Bean Station is a city in Grainger County in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population of Bean Station was 2,826. Bean Station is located at the junction of U.S. Route 11W and U.S. Route 25E. The city is a part of the Morristown, Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area. Bean Station is rooted in a frontier outpost established in the late 1780s by the sons of William Bean, one of the earliest settlers in Tennessee. The land","Geology of the Appalachians eastern Ohio, West Virginia, western Maryland, eastern Kentucky, western Virginia, eastern Tennessee, northwestern Georgia, and northeastern Alabama. The northern end of the Appalachian Basin extends offshore into Lakes Erie and Ontario as far as the United States–Canada border. The Appalachian Basin province covers an area of about . The province is long from northeast to southwest and between wide from northwest to southeast. The northwestern flank of the basin is a broad homocline that dips gently southeastward off the Cincinnati Arch. A complexly thrust faulted and folded terrane (Appalachian Fold and Thrust Belt or Eastern Overthrust Belt), formed at the","Modern styles are also represented. The district includes two Lustron houses, which were a type of pre-fabricated house designed by the Lustron Corporation to meet post-World War II housing shortages. The lamp posts in Lindbergh Forest remain from the early stages of the neighborhood's development. The posts, designed to resemble colonial-era gas lights, are tall and topped with wrought iron fixtures. Lindbergh Forest Lindbergh Forest is a neighborhood in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States, located off Chapman Highway (US-441) in South Knoxville, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as an historic district. Initially developed in the late","(8 km) of the trail are located within the Brasstown Wilderness and the trail ends at Track Rock, one of the best-known of the petroglyph sites in Georgia. There is parking at both ends of the trail. Arkaquah Trail The Arkaquah Trail is a hiking trail that has been designated as a National Recreation Trail in Georgia. The trail is 5.5 miles (8.25 km) long (not including the trail from the parking area to the summit and back) and is located in the Chattahoochee National Forest in the Brasstown Ranger District. The trail is managed by the U.S. Forest Service.","Natchez Trace Parkway game that moved between grazing the pastures of central and western Mississippi and the salt and other mineral surface deposits of the Cumberland Plateau. The route generally traverses the tops of the low hills and ridges of the watershed divides from northeast to southwest. Native Americans, following the \"traces\" of bison and other game, further improved this \"walking trail\" for foot-borne commerce between major villages located in central Mississippi and middle Tennessee. The route is locally circuitous; however, by traversing this route the bison, and later humans, avoided the endless, energy-taxing climbing and descending of the many hills along the","Looking Glass Rock Looking Glass Rock is a pluton monolith in the Appalachian Mountains of western North Carolina. The mountain is located within Pisgah National Forest about 5.5 miles (9 kilometers) northwest of Brevard and 25 miles (40 kilometers) southwest of Asheville. Named for the way its granite face reflects the sunshine, it rises from the valley floor to an elevation of almost 4000 ft. Trails from Forest Service Road 475 and 475B lead to the top of the mountain. It is a moderate/strenuous trail climbing 1700 ft over 3.1 miles to its peak where panoramic views can be seen.","The mountain itself was named \"Thunderhead\" after a slang term in the American South for Cumulonimbus clouds. Thunderhead (roller coaster) Thunderhead is a wooden roller coaster located at Dollywood in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee. The coaster, which was the anchor attraction of the new \"Thunderhead Gap\" section (now Timber Canyon), opened on April 3, 2004, to much critical acclaim. Thunderhead boasts 22 turns and 32 crossovers , and utilizes GCI's Millennium Flyer trains, used on all GCI coasters since 1999. Thunderhead is also the first roller coaster to feature a station flyby. The ride was named after Thunderhead Mountain, a peak","Salt Pond Mountain Salt Pond Mountain is a mountain located in Giles County, Virginia. The mountain, which is part of the Ridge-and-valley province of the Appalachian Mountains, extends about seven miles (12 km) from southwest to northeast. The highest peak is Bald Knob, at the southeast end, south of Mountain Lake. Salt Pond Mtn. joins Johns Creek Mountain at the southwest end, and the Big Mountain – Potts Mountain ridge at the northeast end, just south of West Virginia. Salt Pond Mountain is on the Eastern Continental Divide between the regions which drain south into the Gulf of Mexico and","Rock Ridge, the Metacomet Ridge spreads out into a series of low, parallel ridges toward Saltonstall Mountain in Branford, Connecticut; the only noteworthy summit in between is East Rock which looms over New Haven from the north. The west side of West Rock Ridge drains into West River, then into Long Island Sound; the east side into Belden Brook thence to West River, and the north side into Mill River thence to New Haven Harbor and Long Island Sound. The fault-block ridge of West Rock is composed of diabase (sometimes referred to as trap rock), an intrusive volcanic rock. Diabase","Fontana Dam The dam impounds the Fontana Lake, which spreads across a scenic stretch of the Little Tennessee along the southwestern boundary of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The Appalachian Trail crosses the top of the dam. Fontana is named for the now-inundated town of Fontana, a lumber and copper-mining hub once located at the mouth of Eagle Creek. The town's name was derived from the Italian word for \"fountain.\" The Little Tennessee River flows for from its source in the mountains of northern Georgia to its mouth along the Tennessee River opposite Lenoir City, Tennessee. Fontana is located above the","Tysons Corner Communications Tower Tysons Corner Communications Tower, also known as Site E, is a classified United States military microwave tower located in Tysons Corner, Virginia. The tower is administered by the United States Army from Fort Belvoir. The tower was constructed in 1952 as part of a continuity of government plan to ensure that lines of command were preserved between the U.S. President and military bases and troops in the field in the event of a nuclear attack. In the event that defense communication facilities in Washington, DC, were disabled, there were two alternate communication facilities on Cross Mountain","Temple Mountain (New Hampshire) Temple Mountain is a ridge located in south-central New Hampshire within the Wapack Range of mountains. It lies within Sharon and Temple, New Hampshire; the Wapack Trail traverses the mountain, and the northern face includes the Temple Mountain Reservation, owned by the state. The mountain is long and has several summits; three of them are named: Burton Peak , Whitcomb Peak , and Holt Peak, the high point. The mountain was home to the former Temple Mountain Ski Area, which is now a state-owned recreation area. Pack Monadnock Mountain is located directly to the north along","Rock of Gibraltar point stands near the south end above the strait at O'Hara's Battery. The Rock's central peak, Signal Hill and the top station of the Gibraltar Cable Car, stands at an elevation of . The near-cliffs along the eastern side of the Rock drop down to a series of wind-blown sand slopes that date to the glaciations when sea levels were lower than today, and a sandy plain extended east from the base of the Rock. The western face, where the City of Gibraltar is located, is comparatively less steep. Calcite, the mineral that makes up limestone, dissolves slowly in rainwater.","appears on their 2006 album \"Ganging Up on the Sun\". The hard rock band Mastodon filmed the performance footage of the music video for their song \"Colony of Birchmen\" from the album \"Blood Mountain\" inside Ruby Falls. The waterfall itself can be seen in the background. Ray Stevens performed a song entitled \"Ruby Falls\". Ruby Falls Ruby Falls is a high underground waterfall located within Lookout Mountain, near Chattanooga, Tennessee in the United States. The cave which houses Ruby Falls was formed with the formation of Lookout Mountain. About 200 to 240 million years ago (in the Carboniferous Period, at","Fort Watauga had once stood. In 1964, Sycamore Shoals was designated a National Historic Landmark, and it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. As part of the United States Bicentennial celebrations, the state of Tennessee decided to reconstruct Fort Watauga. The state purchased Sycamore Shoals, a small island within the shoals, and an undeveloped stretch of land along the south bank of the Watauga River for the reconstructed fort and the accompanying state park that would interpret it and maintain the shoals. Sycamore Shoals State Historic Park opened in 1975. In 1980, the U.S. Congress","Metacomet-Monadnock Trail the movement of glacial ice down lee slopes. The ridge that forms the spine of the M&M Trail across Provin Mountain, East Mountain, and the Mount Tom and Holyoke ranges was formed 200 million years ago during the late Triassic and early Jurassic periods and is composed of trap rock, also known as basalt, an extrusive volcanic rock. Basalt is a dark colored rock, but the iron within it weathers to a rusty brown when exposed to the air, lending the ledges a distinct reddish appearance. Basalt frequently breaks into octagonal and pentagonal columns, creating a unique \"postpile\" appearance. Huge","Storm King Mountain (New York) Storm King Mountain is a mountain on the west bank of the Hudson River just south of Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York. Together with Breakneck Ridge on the opposite bank of the river it forms \"Wey-Gat\" or Wind Gate, the picturesque northern narrows of the Hudson Highlands. Its distinctive curved ridge is the most prominent aspect of the view south down Newburgh Bay, from Newburgh, Beacon, and the Newburgh-Beacon Bridge. It can also be seen by southbound travelers on nearby sections of the New York State Thruway. This view was a popular subject for early artists of","of the concrete piers; traffic remains uninterrupted. It is also a tourist attraction for the small town of Salisbury Mills. Two major roads cross under it, the major one is Orange County Route 94. The viaduct creates a spectacular landscape when viewed from the corner of Orrs Mills Road and Jackson Avenue outside of town, frequently photographed during fall foliage season. The Moodna Viaduct appears as a prominent feature in the 2007 film \"Michael Clayton\". Moodna Viaduct The Moodna Viaduct is an iron railroad trestle spanning Moodna Creek and its valley at the north end of Schunemunk Mountain in Cornwall,","White Top White Top is a knob and spur of Cheat Mountain in southeastern Randolph County, West Virginia, USA. Sitting at an elevation of , it is located just west of the Shavers Fork of Cheat River and Cheat Bridge. While White Top was originally crossed by the Staunton-Parkersburg Turnpike, modern-day U.S. Route 250 skirts the base of the knob beside Shavers Fork to the north and east. White Top is perhaps best known as the site of the highest Union camp during the American Civil War. Fort Milroy, also known as Cheat Summit Fort, offered an excellent view of","to the public on July 4, 2012 after a four-year, $4 million restoration project funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), insurance proceeds, and the state government of Tennessee. More of the property is now open to the public than was the case before the tornado. Wynnewood (Tennessee) Wynnewood, also known as Castalian Springs, is a historic estate in Castalian Springs, Sumner County, Tennessee. Now administered by the state as the Wynnewood State Historic Site, it includes an 1828 former inn that is the largest existing log structure in Tennessee. The property is operated by the Bledsoe's Lick Association","Metacomet Ridge, a fault-block ridge that formed 200 million years ago during the Triassic and Jurassic periods. It is composed of trap rock, also known as basalt, an extrusive volcanic rock. Basalt is a dark colored rock, but the iron within it weathers to a rusty brown when exposed to the air, lending the ledges a distinct reddish appearance. Basalt frequently breaks into octagonal and pentagonal columns, creating a unique \"postpile\" appearance. Huge slopes made of fractured basalt scree are visible beneath many of the ledges of Talcott Mountain; they are particularly evident along the base of the lower tier","Lost Cove Cave Lost Cove Cave, also known as Buggytop Cave, is a cave in Franklin County, south Tennessee near the towns of Sewanee and Sherwood and close to the Alabama border. It is noted for its large main entrance and the extensive archeological artifacts of the Woodland and Mississippian periods found inside. Lost Cove Cave is a part of the Carter Natural Area section of South Cumberland State Park and is located in Lost Cove. It has three notable entrances: the main or Buggytop entrance which is wide and high, the second or Great Room entrance which was formed","Rainbow Falls Trail The Rainbow Falls Trail is an American hiking trail in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, in Sevier County, Tennessee. The trail ascends Mount Le Conte, the tallest (and sixth-highest) mountain east of the Mississippi River, and passes Rainbow Falls before absorbing the Alum Cave Trail and terminating near the LeConte Lodge. The trail asserts itself from the beginning, immediately ascending Le Conte's flank, alongside the mountain's primary drainage avenue, LeConte Creek, which, due to the abnormally large number of mills that sprouted up along this stream at one time (twelve, at its peak), was once known","name from the fact that the land on which it was built was won from the Governor of North Carolina in a game of chance called 'Rattle and Snap'. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971. Rattle and Snap Rattle and Snap (also called the Polk-Granberry House and once known as Oakwood Hall) is a plantation estate at 1522 North Main Street in Mount Pleasant, Tennessee. The centerpiece of the estate is a mid-1840s mansion that is one of grandest expressions of the Greek Revival in Tennessee. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971 for its","Fort Campbell Fort Campbell (located in Kentucky) is a United States Army installation located astride the Kentucky-Tennessee border between Hopkinsville, Kentucky and Clarksville, Tennessee. Fort Campbell is home to the 101st Airborne Division and the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment. The fort is named in honor of Union Army Brigadier General William Bowen Campbell, the last Whig Governor of Tennessee. The site for Fort Campbell was selected on July 16, 1941, and the Title I Survey was completed November 15, 1941, coincidentally the same time the Japanese Imperial Fleet was leaving Japanese home waters for the attack on Pearl Harbor.","East Tennessee East Tennessee comprises approximately the eastern third of the U.S. state of Tennessee, one of the three Grand Divisions of Tennessee defined in state law. East Tennessee consists of 33 counties, 30 located within the Eastern Time Zone and three counties in the Central Time Zone, namely Bledsoe, Cumberland, and Marion. East Tennessee is entirely located within the Appalachian Mountains, although the landforms range from densely forested mountains to broad river valleys. The region contains the major cities of Knoxville, Chattanooga, and Johnson City, Tennessee's third, fourth, and ninth largest cities, respectively. East Tennessee is both geographically and","Antenna farm tower farm. In the Appalachian Mountains of the Eastern United States, Poor Mountain serves most of the FM and TV stations in the Roanoke/Lynchburg market. Holston Mountain in upper East Tennessee is home to most of the FM and TV stations in the Tri-Cities (Bristol, Virginia-Kingsport, Tennessee-Johnson City, Tennessee) DMA. Other examples are Signal Mountain near Chattanooga, Tennessee, Sharp's Ridge in Knoxville, Tennessee, and Paris Mountain in Greenville, South Carolina. Other examples of co-located towers on mountain peaks in the United States are on Red Mountain in Birmingham, Alabama; Mount Wilson near Los Angeles; the Sutro Tower in Clarendon Heights","the southeast lies the Big Hole River and Pioneer Mountains. The crest of the range is part of the Continental Divide, rising to 10,793 feet (3290 m) at West Goat Peak. Other major summits include Mt. Evans (10,641 ft, 3243 m), Mt. Haggin (10,607 ft, 3233 m), Warren Peak (10,463 ft, 3189 m), and East Goat Peak (10,399 ft, 3170 m). West Pintler Peak, located in a more commonly visited area, rises to 9894 feet (2895 m). Much of the range is protected in the Anaconda-Pintler Wilderness Area. Anaconda Range The Anaconda Range, informally known as the \"Pintlers\", is a","Great Appalachian Valley southern Great Valley to the west, including North Mountain and Great North Mountain, the Allegheny Front, Powell Mountain, the Cumberland Mountains, Walden Ridge, and the Cumberland Plateau. The Cumberland Gap connects the Great Valley region with Kentucky and Tennessee lands to the west. Massanutten Mountain lies in the middle of the Valley of Virginia portion of the Great Valley. The Valley of Virginia is a region of karst, with many sinkholes and caverns. Routes through the valley were first used by Native Americans. In pre-colonial and early colonial times a major Indian pathway through the Great Valley was known as","the Norris Dam Project. The park includes a large campground, several small walking trails, and a wildlife observation area. A leg of the Cumberland Trail passes near the park's northern boundary, connecting the park to nearby mountaintops. Cove Lake State Park is located at the western end of Powell Valley, a valley dividing the Cumberland Mountains to the north and west from the Appalachian Ridge-and-Valley range to south and east. Cross Mountain— which at is the highest mountain in Tennessee west of the Blue Ridge Mountains— dominates the view to the west. The southern tip of Fork Mountain overlooks the","area. Bald Knob is the terminus of the long Cass Scenic Railroad State Park. The railroad carries visitors to an elevation of approximately north of the summit ridge. An overlook platform gives visitors a view of the Greenbrier Valley and, on clear days, a view all the way into Virginia away. Snowshoe Mountain Ski Resort is situated in the bowl-shaped convergence of Back Allegheny with Cheat Mountain at the head of Shavers Fork. This area is essentially the southern terminus of both mountains. Back Allegheny Mountain Back Allegheny Mountain is a long mountain ridge in eastern West Virginia. It is","only about 10 miles wide. The range takes its name from Caraway Creek, which was named after a Native American tribe that lived in the area before European settlement. The area was once a highly used Indian trading area and many early settlers noted that the Indian trading paths tended to \"disappear\" into the mountains. Prominent peaks in the area are Caraway Mountain, Back Creek Mountain, Daves Mountain, Ridges Mountain, and Mount Shepherd, the latter at 1,150 feet being the highest point in Randolph County. Its foothills are in Chatham County Caraway Mountains The Caraway Mountains are a mountain range","Trade, Tennessee Trade is an unincorporated community in Johnson County, Tennessee, United States. The easternmost community in the state, Trade is located between the towns of Mountain City, Tennessee, and Boone, North Carolina, along US-421. Generally considered Tennessee's oldest community, Trade was established as a trading outpost in the 18th century, and was visited by English-speakers as early as 1673. At an elevation of 3,133 feet, it is the highest community in Tennessee. The oldest unincorporated community in the state, Trade originated in the 18th century as \"The Trade Gap,\" a trading post established for Native Americans, pioneers, and fur","type of highland meadow consisting of fields of thick grass and sparse tree coverage—are not uncommon in the higher elevations. The summit of the highest mountain in the range—Huckleberry Knob—is a grassy bald. Other grassy balds include Oak Knob (a subpeak of Huckleberry), Hooper Bald, and Bob Bald (a subpeak of Stratton). For centuries, Native Americans used a footpath in the southern Unicoi Mountains to travel from one side of the southern Appalachian range to the other. Known as the Wachesa Trail (after a later Cherokee who lived at its eastern terminus), the path stretched from modern Cowee to a","surrounding area since at least the 19th century, but the Cherokee Native Americans of the area may have been seeing the lights as early as the 13th century. When present, the Brown Mountain lights can be seen from as far away as Blowing Rock, North Carolina, and have been reported to rise to a fair height above the ridge, before disappearing in a 'silent explosion' like a Roman candle. The lights are best seen from Wiseman's view or Linville Falls. Brown Mountain (North Carolina) Brown Mountain is a low-lying ridge, approximately 1.5 miles long, in the Pisgah National Forest near","of the 19th and early-20th centuries, it was probably a wooded peak before the arrival of European settlers. For this reason, the park service does not maintain the bald atop the mountain (the Great Smoky Mountains National Park currently maintains only two grassy balds— Gregory Bald and Andrews Bald). A narrow corridor for the Appalachian Trail, which crosses the summit, is kept clear for thru-hikers. There is still a small bald area at the summit, approximately in diameter, where the Appalachian Trail makes a 90-degree turn. Several grassy meadows remain on the mountain's western slope. Silers Bald consists of Thunderhead","Massanutten Trail George Washington had Daniel Morgan construct the road over the eastern ridge into the valley. In the 19th century, the area was used for mining and the production of charcoal. Elizabeth Furnace was a blast furnace utilized to create pig iron. Signal Knob, a peak on the northern end of the trail, was used by the Signal Corps of both armies in the Civil War. In 1933, Camp Roosevelt, located on the eastern part of the trail, was established as the first Civilian Conservation Camp. In the latter half of the 20th century, there were many trails established in the","Battle of Kings Mountain brought 200 more Virginians. About 1,100 volunteers from southwest Virginia and today's northeast Tennessee, known as the \"Overmountain Men\" because they had settled into the wilderness west of the Appalachian Mountains ridgeline, mustered at the rendezvous on September 25, 1780, at Sycamore Shoals near the modern city of Elizabethton, Tennessee. Their movement had been made possible by easing tensions with the Cherokee, thanks to diplomacy by Benjamin Cleveland's brother-in-law, Indian agent Joseph Martin. The Overmountain Men crossed Roan Mountain the next day, and proceeded in a southerly direction for about thirteen days in anticipation of fighting the British Loyalist forces.","famous engagement there, culminating in a dramatic downhill bayonet charge that is one of the most well-known actions at Gettysburg and in the American Civil War. Little Round Top is a large diabase spur of Big Round Top with an oval crest (despite its name) that forms a short ridgeline with a summit of prominence above the saddle point to Big Round Top to the south. Located in Cumberland Township, approximately two miles (3 km) south of Gettysburg, with a rugged, steep slope rising 150 feet (46 m) above nearby Plum Run to the west (the peak is 650 feet","The short, steep trail provides a small visitor information center and park store staffed by the Great Smoky Mountains Association, garbage cans, and numerous benches to the side of the path. Vault toilet restrooms are available. The trail offers a glimpse of the often hostile environment of highland Appalachia, passing through the spruce-fir forest and its accompanying blowdowns and dead Fraser Firs. The Appalachian Trail crosses Clingmans Dome, passing immediately north of the observation tower. A leg of the trail connects the mountain with Newfound Gap, and provides the only access to the mountain in winter months. The nearest A.T.","ridge. It is located in the present day state of Virginia, in Scott County. It lies between two cities; Weber City is built into the south side of the gap and Gate City is to the northwest. The area surrounding Moccasin Gap is sedimentary which is formed by the compaction of particles of gravel, sand, silt, mud, and carbonate minerals from the repetitive rise and fall of shallow seas, dating to the Cambrian or Pennsylvanian period. Moccasin Gap is a water gap that is currently traversed by a channel of water, Big Moccasin Creek which is a tributary to the","Sugarland Mountain Trail The Sugarland Mountain Trail is an American hiking trail, in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park of Sevier County, Tennessee. The trail traverses Sugarland Mountain, a massive ridge running perpendicular to the main crest of the Smokies and effectively dividing the park's north-central section from its northwestern section. Sugarland Mountain is flanked by the deep upper valleys of two of the park's major watersheds— the West Fork of the Little Pigeon River (to the east) and Little River (to the west). The trail passes through several forest types, including deciduous forest at lower elevations, heaths (\"hells\") along","Mid-Atlantic Ridge The Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) is a mid-ocean ridge, a divergent tectonic plate or constructive plate boundary located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, and part of the longest mountain range in the world. In the North Atlantic it separates the Eurasian and North American plates, and in the South Atlantic it separates the African and South American plates. The ridge extends from a junction with the Gakkel Ridge (Mid-Arctic Ridge) northeast of Greenland southward to the Bouvet Triple Junction in the South Atlantic. Although the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is mostly an underwater feature, portions of it have enough","the Rich Butt sandstone during the Paleozoic era. Approximately 200 million years, the North American and African plates collided in the Appalachian orogeny, thrusting the rock upward. One of Cammerer's key characteristics is the outcropping of contorted quartzite rock at the summit. Mount Cammerer was named for Arno B. Cammerer, Director of the National Park Service (1933–1940) and an instrumental figure in establishing a national park in the Great Smoky Mountains. Before its renaming, Mt. Cammerer was known as \"White Rock,\" referring to the bright white rocks that burst through the treeline at the summit. On some North Carolina maps,","Geology of Tennessee The geology of Tennessee is as diverse as its landscapes. Politically, Tennessee is broken up into three Grand Divisions: East, Middle, and West Tennessee. Physically, Tennessee is also separated into three main types of landforms: river valley plain, highlands and basins, and mountains. Most of the sediment across Middle Tennessee was deposited from the Ordovician to the Mississippian, roughly between 400 and 300 million years ago. The sediment was primarily deep ocean limestones with some shale layers. Mississippian limestones are generally thicker than those of the Ordovician, and additionally, more cherty. In the Ordovician, the Appalachian Mountains","Grandfather Mountain Grandfather Mountain is a mountain, a non-profit attraction, and a North Carolina state park near Linville, North Carolina. At 5,946 feet (1,812 m), it is the highest peak on the eastern escarpment of the Blue Ridge Mountains, one of the major chains of the Appalachian Mountains. The Blue Ridge Parkway passes by the south side of the mountain and also passes over the nearby Grandmother Gap. It is located at the meeting point of Avery, Caldwell (highest point), and Watauga (highest point) counties. Until 2008, Grandfather Mountain was privately owned and operated as a nature preserve and tourist","Wills Mountain Wills Mountain is a quartzite-capped ridge in the Ridge and Valley physiographic province of the Appalachian Mountains in Pennsylvania and Maryland, United States, extending from near Bedford, Pennsylvania, to near Cumberland, Maryland. It is the northernmost of several mountain ridges included within the Wills Mountain Anticline. The Pennsylvania part of Wills Mountain is in Bedford County, reaching an elevation of . Although there are mountains in Pennsylvania's Appalachian Plateau that are higher, Wills Mountain is the highest in its Ridge and Valley physiographic province. Wills Mountain may have the highest prominence in Pennsylvania. The mountain ridge begins abruptly","27 to the west. Watts Bar Lake extends northeast from the dam to Fort Loudoun Dam, and includes parts of Meigs, Rhea, Roane, and Loudon counties. In addition to its main Tennessee River channel, Watts Bar Lake is navigable across the lower of the Clinch River (up to Melton Hill Dam) and the lower of the Emory River. The cities of Kingston, Spring City, Harriman, Loudon, Rockwood, and Lenoir City all have waterfronts on Watts Bar Lake. Watts Bar provides of shoreline and over of water surface. Watts Bar Dam is high and stretches across the Tennessee River. Watts Bar","Newfound Gap Newfound Gap (el. 5048 ft./1539 m.) is a mountain pass located near the center of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park of the southern Appalachian Mountains in the United States of America. Situated along the border of Tennessee and North Carolina, the state line crosses the gap, as does Newfound Gap Road (which overlaps U.S. Route 441 through the park and ends at the park's boundaries near Gatlinburg, Tennessee and Cherokee, North Carolina). The Appalachian Trail also traverses the gap, as do a small number of other hiking trails. Newfound Gap is also home to the Rockefeller Memorial,","Chattanooga, Tennessee portion of the Appalachian Mountains and the Cumberland Plateau. Surrounded by mountains and ridges, the official nickname for Chattanooga is \"Scenic City\", reinforced by the city's reputation for outdoor activities. Unofficial nicknames include \"River City\", \"Chatt\", \"Nooga\", \"Chattown\", and \"Gig City\", referencing Chattanooga's claims that it has the fastest internet service in the Western Hemisphere. Chattanooga is internationally known for the 1941 song \"Chattanooga Choo Choo\" by Glenn Miller and his orchestra. Chattanooga is home to the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC) and Chattanooga State Community College. The city has its own typeface, \"Chatype\", which was launched in August","Big Ridge State Park Big Ridge State Park is a state park in Union County, Tennessee, in the southeastern United States. The park consists of on the southern shore of the Norris Reservoir, an impoundment of the Clinch River created by the completion of Norris Dam in 1936. Much of the park's recreational focus is on Big Ridge Lake, a sub-impoundment of Norris near the center of the park. Big Ridge State Park was first developed by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), the National Park Service and the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the 1930s as part of the greater","Lookout Mountain and Sand Mountain (to the southwest) make up a large portion of the southernmost end of the Cumberland Plateau. The area was lifted from an ancient sea, and worn down by erosion for millions of years. The summit, called \"High Point\", is located just east of Thompsonville in Walker County, Georgia, with an elevation of above sea level. The foothills of the mountain extend into Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park. The caves of Ruby Falls are in Lookout Mountain, and the rock formations of the \"City of Rocks\" (or Rock City) attraction are situated on the ridge.","Appalachian Mountains extension of the Laurentian Mountains of Canada. In addition to the true folded mountains, known as the ridge and valley province, the area of dissected plateau to the north and west of the mountains is usually grouped with the Appalachians. This includes the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York, the Poconos in Pennsylvania, and the Allegheny Plateau of southwestern New York, western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio and northern West Virginia. This same plateau is known as the Cumberland Plateau in southern West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, western Virginia, eastern Tennessee, and northern Alabama. The dissected plateau area, while not actually made up","Unaka Range The Unaka Range is a mountain range on the border of Tennessee and North Carolina, in the southeastern United States. It is a subrange of the Appalachian Mountains and is part of the Blue Ridge Mountains physiographic province. The Unakas stretch approximately from the Nolichucky River to the south to the Watauga River to the north. The Unakas include the prominent Roan Highlands, where several summits rise above 6,000 feet. The Iron Mountains border the Unakas to the north, and the Bald Mountains border the Unakas opposite the Nolichucky to the south. The name \"unaka\" is rooted in","on the south face of the mountain. On Hightower Bald's northern slopes are two border features: Montgomery's Corner and the 30 Mile Post. Between these two points, the North Carolina-Georgia border runs in a north-south direction for about instead of a its usual east-west direction. These border features were the results of two surveying expeditions conducted in the early 19th century. When Tennessee became a state in 1796, Congress designated Georgia's northern boundaries as the 35th parallel north. In 1818, mathematician James Camak incorrectly calculated the 35th parallel north as being located south of Nickajack Lake. Camak and his survey","Mount Magazine Mount Magazine, officially named Magazine Mountain, is the highest point of the U.S. Interior Highlands and in the U.S. state of Arkansas, and is the site of Mount Magazine State Park. It is a flat-topped mountain or mesa capped by hard rock and rimmed by precipitous cliffs. There are two summits atop the mountain: Signal Hill, which reaches , and Mossback Ridge, which reaches . Mount Magazine gets its name from French explorers who, while traveling through the area, witnessed a landslide on the mountain. The noise from the landslide was so great that one explorer described it","Blue Ridge Mountains noted for having a bluish color when seen from a distance. Trees put the \"blue\" in Blue Ridge, from the isoprene released into the atmosphere, thereby contributing to the characteristic haze on the mountains and their distinctive color. Within the Blue Ridge province are two major national parks – the Shenandoah National Park in the northern section, and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the southern section – and eight national forests including George Washington and Jefferson National Forests, Monongahela National Forest, Daniel Boone National Forest, Cherokee National Forest, Pisgah National Forest, Nantahala National Forest and Chattahoochee National Forest.","Hill between Dallas and Fort Worth; South Mountain Park near Phoenix; Nelson Peak near Salt Lake City; Sandia Crest near Albuquerque, New Mexico; and probably the most famous broadcast antenna farm of all: The World Trade Center Tower One, on which all of the New York City television and FM stations had their antennas. All were lost when Twin Towers One and Two collapsed after the September 11 attacks in 2001. Those antennas now broadcast from their old home, 200 feet lower, on the Empire State Building. Sharp's Ridge Sharp's Ridge is a steep limestone ridge in Knoxville, Tennessee, north","Great Smoky Mountains include Hazel Creek and Eagle Creek in the southwest, Raven Fork near Oconaluftee, Cosby Creek near Cosby, and Roaring Fork near Gatlinburg. The Little Tennessee River passes through five impoundments along the range's southwestern boundary, namely Tellico Lake, Chilhowee Lake, Calderwood Lake, Cheoah Lake, and Fontana Lake. The highest point in the Smokies is Clingmans Dome, which rises to an elevation of . The mountain is the highest in Tennessee and the third highest in the Appalachian range. Clingmans Dome also has the range's highest topographical prominence at . Mount Le Conte is the \"tallest\" (i.e., from immediate base to","Signal Mountain (Wyoming) The trails then rejoin and steepen over the last mile to reach the secondary summit of the mountain, the Jackson Lake Overlook. The trail rises approximately from the lodge to the overlook, though on the ridge trail there is quite a bit of up and down that adds a few hundred feet to the cumulative elevation gain. The trail is a hiking only trail, mountain biking and horseback riding are not permitted by the park service. The road is a popular biking destination due to the difficult climb up and then (after turning around at the summit) continuous downhill experienced","Sharp's Ridge the south is an excellent panorama of the Great Smoky Mountains-State Line Ridge, then further northeast up the High Unaka Mountains (namely the Bald Mountains) with Camp Creek Bald in Greene County, Tennessee being the northernmost visible peak, to the Southern Unaka Mountains (namely the Unicoi Mountains) with Starr Mountain near Etowah, Tennessee the southernmost visible peak. These faraway peaks are verifiable through the location of Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) microwave dishes, which are aimed at relay towers on those faraway peaks. Most of the Tennessee side of the state line ridge is part of the Cherokee National Forest, the","Signal Mountain, Tennessee by the city of Chattanooga, to the northeast by the town of Walden, and to the north by the unincorporated community of Fairmount. U.S. Route 127 (Ridgeway Avenue) is the main road through the town, leading south off the mountain to downtown Chattanooga and north over Walden Ridge to Dunlap. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Signal Mountain's history dates back years before settlement of the mountain itself. Centuries prior to the Civil War, Native Americans used a location on the mountain known as Signal Point to send fire","Signal Mountain, Tennessee Signal Mountain is a town in Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States. The town is a suburb of Chattanooga and is located on Walden Ridge. \"Signal Mountain\" is used as a colloquial name for the part of Walden Ridge close to the town. The town population was 7,554 as of the 2010 census and estimated to be 8,573 in 2016. Signal Mountain is located in southwestern Hamilton County at 35°8′N 85°21′W (35.1291, -85.3424), atop the south end of Walden Ridge. The southern edge of the town overlooks the Tennessee River below. The town is bordered to the south"],"string":"[\n \"valleys. Chenocetah Mountain Chenocetah Mountain, known to locals as \\\"Tower Mountain,\\\" is located near the towns of Mount Airy and Cornelia, Georgia. The mountain has an elevation of . Atop the mountain, the WPA built an observation tower in 1937 for the Forest Service; it is used as a fire tower for observation by rangers. \\\"Chenocetah\\\" is a Cherokee language word meaning \\\"see all around.\\\" Variant names were \\\"Griffin Mountain\\\" and \\\"Tower Mountain\\\". Occasionally visitors are allowed in. During Cornelia's annual Big Red Apple Festival, visitors are allowed into the tower to enjoy its panoramic view of the surrounding hills\",\n \"Music of East Tennessee 1964 until 1970. The last of three versions of the theme song was sung by The Imperials, a Grammy-winning Christian music group. Ruby Falls, a waterfall inside the Lookout Mountain Caverns, has inspired multiple songs. Johnny Cash and Roy Orbison wrote and recorded the song \\\"See Ruby Falls\\\", on Cash's 1970 album \\\"Hello, I'm Johnny Cash\\\". Country artist Ray Stevens also included a song named \\\"Ruby Falls\\\" on his 2011 album, \\\"Bozos's Back Again\\\". Country superstar Kenny Chesney, (originally from Luttrell), has described scenery from his East Tennessee youth in many of his songs, especially I Go Back. Chesney also\",\n \"The Summit Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve The Summit Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve, often shortened as Summit Bechtel Reserve (SBR), located in Fayette and Raleigh Counties, near Beckley, West Virginia, is one of four facilities managed by the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). The Summit Bechtel Reserve is the current home of the National Scout Jamboree, the Paul R. Christen National High Adventure Base, the James C. Justice National Scout Camp, and the John D. Tickle National Training and Leadership Center. The reserve comprises properties totaling over . The facility's opening event was the 2013\",\n \"Timberline Lodge Timberline Lodge is a mountain lodge on the south side of Mount Hood in Clackamas County, Oregon, about east of Portland. Constructed from 1936 to 1938 by the Works Progress Administration, it was built and furnished by local artisans during the Great Depression. Timberline Lodge was dedicated September 28, 1937, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The National Historic Landmark sits at an elevation of , within the Mount Hood National Forest and is accessible through the Mount Hood Scenic Byway. Publicly owned and privately operated, Timberline Lodge is a popular tourist attraction that draws two million visitors annually.\",\n \"Doughton Park Doughton Park (Doughton Recreational Area) is the largest recreation area the National Park Service manages on the Blue Ridge Parkway. It is located between mile markers 238.5 - 244.7 and at 36° 30' 59.0394\\\" N, -81° 8' 40.92\\\" W. The park is named after North Carolina politician Robert L. Doughton. The park contains over 30 miles of trails: Basin Creek Trail: Accessible only from the Grassy Gap Fire Road, the trail winds past cascading waterfalls to the century-old Caudill Cabin, former home of the Martin Caudill family. Part of the once thriving Basin Cove community, this cabin was\",\n \"April 14, 2011, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced a settlement with the Tennessee Valley Authority to resolve alleged Clean Air Act violations at 11 of its coal-fired plants in Alabama, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Under the terms of the agreement, Units 1–9 will continuously operate Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems to reduce their emissions of . Kingston Fossil Plant Kingston Fossil Plant, commonly known as Kingston Steam Plant, is a 1.4-gigawatt (1,398 MW) coal-fired power plant located in Roane County, just outside Kingston, Tennessee on the shore of Watts Bar Lake. It is operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority.\",\n \"a period of two decades, the Tennessee Valley Authority, created in 1933 at the height of the Great Depression, drastically altered the economic, cultural, and physical landscape of East Tennessee. TVA sought to build a series of dams across the Tennessee River watershed to control flooding, bring cheap electricity to East Tennessee, and connect Knoxville and Chattanooga to the nation's inland waterways by creating a continuously navigable channel along the entirety of the Tennessee River. Starting with Norris Dam in 1933, the agency built 10 dams in East Tennessee (and five more across the border in North Carolina and Georgia)\",\n \"found in the eastern United States. It is unique as a northern boreal relict community at this latitude by virtue of its size, elevation and diversity.\\\" Since 1994, almost 70% of the Valley has become the Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge, the nation's 500th National Wildlife Refuge. The local pronunciation of \\\"Canaan\\\" is , rather than the conventional for the Biblical region from which the area takes its name because, as the legend goes, whoever named the area simply could not pronounce it properly. The Valley, nestled among the higher ranges of the Allegheny Mountains, is about long and to\",\n \"Battle of Vaught's Hill The Battle of Vaught's Hill, also known as the Battle of Milton, was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on March 20, 1863, in Rutherford County, Tennessee. During the inactivity following the Battle of Stones River, a Union brigade-sized reconnaissance force, under Col. Albert S. Hall, left Murfreesboro on March 18. Circling to the northeast, Hall encountered Confederate Brig. Gen. John Hunt Morgan's cavalry command, which caused him to fall back to a position east of Milton. Pursuing Hall, Morgan's men caught up with him on the morning of March 20, at Vaught's Hill.\",\n \"East Tennessee height one of the nation's largest copper mining operations. Coal mining operations were established in coal-rich areas of the Cumberland Plateau, namely in Scott County, northern Campbell County, and western Anderson County. In the early 1890s, Tennessee's controversial convict lease system sparked a miners' uprising in Anderson County that became known as the Coal Creek War. While the uprising was eventually crushed, it induced the state to do away with convict leasing, making Tennessee the first southern state to end the controversial practice. Other ambitious ventures during the period included the construction of Ocoee Dam No. 1 and Hales Bar\",\n \"both located atop the mountain. Glassy Mountain (Georgia) Glassy Mountain is a mountain in the Chattahoochee National Forest in Rabun County, Georgia, with its USGS GNIS summit at , which is AMSL. It is bypassed on its northern flank by a major two-lane highway that carries U.S. Route 76 and Georgia State Route 2 east and west. It is also the location of NOAA Weather Radio station KXI81, which serves nearby Clayton, Georgia (to the east-northeast), Lake Burton (to the west and southwest), and adjacent areas of northeast Georgia, upstate South Carolina, and western North Carolina. A radio tower and\",\n \"Brown Mountain (North Carolina) Brown Mountain is a low-lying ridge, approximately 1.5 miles long, in the Pisgah National Forest near Morganton, North Carolina, on the border of Burke and Caldwell Counties. For perhaps hundreds of years, and since at least the early 20th century, mysterious illuminations known as the Brown Mountain Lights have been seen there. The lights are small balls that appear irregularly over Brown Mountain. There are hundreds of eyewitness accounts of the lights, and they have merited two investigations by the United States Geological Society. It is known that they have been seen by residents of the\",\n \"May 6; however, large swaths of downed timber remain, especially on the mountain's westernmost flank above 3,200 feet. Most park trails were re-opened on May 13, with the exception of the Ada-hi Falls Trail. A large section of wooden steps was crushed by fallen trees and will have to be replaced before the trail is re-opened. Black Rock Mountain State Park Black Rock Mountain State Park is a Georgia state park west of Mountain City in Rabun County, Georgia, in Georgia's Blue Ridge Mountains. It is named after its sheer cliffs of dark-colored biotite gneiss. Astride the Eastern Continental Divide\",\n \"Tennessee Tennessee (, ; ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, Arkansas to the west, and Missouri to the northwest. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Nashville is the state's capital and largest city, with a population of 660,388. Tennessee's second largest\",\n \"White Rock (Taconic Mountains) White Rock, , is the high point on a ridgeline in the Taconic Mountains. The ridge is located in the tri-state corner of New York, Massachusetts, and Vermont in the towns of Petersburgh, Williamstown, and Pownal. The ridge has several distinct knobs; those with names are, from south to north: White Rocks, ; Smith Hill, ; White Rock, the high point ; and Bald Mountain . The Snow Hole, located along the ridgeline between Bald Mountain and the White Rock, is a crevasse in which snow can be found well into the summer. The summit and\",\n \"Mount Tremper Mount Tremper, officially known as Tremper Mountain and originally called Timothyberg, is one of the Catskill Mountains in the U.S. state of New York. It is located near the hamlet of Phoenicia, in the valley of Esopus Creek. At in elevation, it is well below the higher peaks of the region. Its slopes were a source of two major local products during the 19th century: hemlock bark, a source of tannin, and bluestone used in construction. Later it was the site of Tremper House, one of the Catskills' earliest railroad resorts. Henry Ward Beecher and Oscar Wilde were\",\n \"General William Tecumseh Sherman's \\\"March to the Sea\\\" during the Civil War. The road to the top is open weekdays to cars, and on weekends only to park buses, which offer transportation to visitors. The road is closed during and after winter weather, as there is no snow removal. Kennesaw Mountain is also a major stopover location for several species of migrating songbirds. There are more than 25 species of warblers, including the rare cerulean warbler. Several small radio antennas, which are atop the mountain near the summit, belong to the U.S. government and the government of Georgia. Originally on\",\n \"Sycamore Shoals State Historic Area in Tennessee. John and Landon Carter were both prominent in political and military affairs, serving during the American Revolution and several conflicts with Native Americans. When Tennessee was admitted into the United States in 1796, Carter County was named for Landon Carter, and the county seat of Elizabethton was named for his wife, Elizabeth Maclin Carter. The flatlands around Sycamore Shoals have been sporadically inhabited by Native Americans for thousands of years, and were probably cultivated during the Mississippian period (ca. 1000–1600 C.E.). When the first European explorers arrived in the area in the early 18th century, the Cherokee were\",\n \"Hibriten Mountain Hibriten Mountain, located just east of Lenoir, North Carolina, marks the western end of the Brushy Mountains range. At 2,211 feet, the mountain's summit is nearly 1,000 feet above the surrounding terrain. The summit is well known to the locals for its large welcome light which glows at night in the shape of a star in the weeks before Christmas and a cross before Easter. A fire tower was erected at the summit in 1927. It is considered one of the most important fire towers in western North Carolina. The star/cross light display at the peak was built\",\n \"Beacon Mountain Beacon Mountain, locally Mount Beacon, is the highest peak of Hudson Highlands, located behind the City of Beacon, New York, in the Town of Fishkill. Its two summits rise above the Hudson River behind the city and can easily be seen from Newburgh across the river and many other places in the region. The more accessible northern peak, at 1,531 feet (467 m) above sea level, has a complex of radio antennas on its summit; the 1,610-foot (491 m) southern summit has a fire lookout tower. Beacon Reservoir, the city's main water source, is located between North Beacon\",\n \"Signal Hill, California of the LA Basin entailing roughly 10 million people. Part of the view is blocked by homes. \\\"Reservoir Park\\\" near the California Heights neighborhood of Long Beach is a large grassy area with picnic tables next to a 4.7 million gallon water reservoir. \\\"Discovery Well Park\\\" , flat is near the original well on Signal Hill. There are also six pocket parks of roughly or less, including \\\"Calbrisas Park\\\", \\\"Hillbrook Park\\\", \\\"Panorama Promenade\\\", \\\"Raymond Arbor Park\\\", \\\"Sunset View Park\\\", and \\\"Temple View Park\\\". Near the \\\"Panorama Promenade\\\", there is the \\\"Unity Sculpture\\\", a 12' height sculpture atop a 4' pedestal\",\n \"Shawangunk Ridge deposited in a deep ocean during the Ordovician (470 million years ago). The Shawangunk Conglomerate was deposited over the Martinsburg Formation in thick braided rivers during the Silurian (about 420 million years ago); both sequences of sedimentary rock were subsequently deformed in a continental collision associated with the assembly of the Pangean supercontinent during the Permian (about 270 million years ago). This collision deformed strata within the ridge in a northward plunging series of asymmetric folds (e.g., anticlines and synclines) that are inclined gently westward. These same folds, involving strata that overlie the Shawangunk Conglomerate, are exposed north of Shawangunk\",\n \"2018 Southern Appalachian earthquake of the United States due to higher strength of in the rock in the East. Earthquakes also are felt over wider areas than those of similar intensity in the West. Damage was expected in the small towns near the quake's epicenter, but should not be considered catastrophic.The earthquake's epicenter was located two miles east of Watts Bar Nuclear Plant operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority. They reported that their facilities are designed to withstand seismic events and were not impacted by the earthquake, but personnel would conduct further inspections as a precaution. The Tennessee Department of Transportation was not notified\",\n \"Arunachala Mt Arunachala (IAST: , \\\"red mountain\\\") refers to the holy hill at Tiruvannamalai in Tamil Nadu. The hill is also known by the names Arunagiri, Annamalai Hill, Arunachalam, Arunai, Sonagiri and Sonachalam. It is one of the five main shaivite holy places in South India. The Annamalaiyar Temple, a temple of Lord Shiva is located at the base of the hill. Every year in the Tamil month of Karthigai (November-December), the \\\"Karthigai Deepam\\\" (Light) is lit atop the hill. It is also an important place for devotees of Sri Ramana Maharshi, with Sri Ramana Ashram situated at its foothills.\",\n \"Long Hunter State Park Long Hunter State Park is a state park in Davidson County and Rutherford County, Tennessee, located in the southeastern United States. The park is mostly situated along the eastern shores of Percy Priest Lake, an artificial lake created by an impoundment of the Stones River. Long Hunter State Park comprises three lake sections — Baker's Grove in the north, Couchville at the center, and Bryant Grove to the south. All three sections are connected by narrow strips of land. The park also manages Sellars Farm, a state archaeological area near Lebanon to the east. The West\",\n \"Cumberland Gap National Historical Park The Cumberland Gap National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park located at the border between Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia, centered on the Cumberland Gap, a natural break in the Appalachian Mountains. The park lies in parts of Bell and Harlan counties in Kentucky, Claiborne County in Tennessee, and Lee County in Virginia. The park contains the Kentucky-Virginia-Tennessee tri-state area, accessible via trail. The Cumberland Gap Visitor Center is located on U.S. Highway 25E just southeast of Middlesboro, Kentucky and just northwest of the Cumberland Gap Tunnel and Cumberland Gap, Tennessee. The visitor\",\n \"its way westward from the Appalachian Mountains, gaining considerable strength after absorbing the Pigeon River and Nolichucky River near Newport before eventually joining with the Holston River at Knoxville to form the Tennessee River. Douglas Dam is located above the mouth of the French Broad. The area is a geological border between the Foothills of the Great Smoky Mountains (which rise to the south) and the Appalachian Ridge-and-Valley range. The reservoir includes parts of Sevier, Jefferson, Hamblen, and Cocke counties. Road access is available by Tennessee State Hwy 338 which crosses just downstream of the dam. Interstate 40 (Exit 407)\",\n \"Tullahoma, Tennessee Tullahoma is a city in Coffee and Franklin counties in southern Middle Tennessee. The population was 18,655 at the 2010 census. In 2014 the population was estimated to be 18,899. It is the principal city of the Tullahoma micropolitan area, which consists of Coffee, Franklin, and Moore counties and is the second largest micropolitan area in Tennessee. Tullahoma was founded in 1852 as a work camp along the new Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad. Its name is derived from the Choctaw language, and means \\\"red rock\\\". An alternative explanation (see Sam Davis Elliott's \\\"Soldier of Tennessee\\\" and sources cited\",\n \"at May's Mace Bluff were the inspiration for the 2014 Tennessee Archaeology Awareness Month poster, created by the Tennessee Council for Professional Archaeology. Mound Bottom Mound Bottom is a prehistoric Native American complex in Cheatham County, Tennessee, located in the Southeastern United States. The complex, which consists of earthen platform and burial mounds, a 7-acre central plaza, and habitation areas, was occupied between approximately 1000 and 1300 AD, during the Mississippian period. The Mound Bottom site is likely associated with another mound complex located just over a mile to the south known as the Pack Site, or Great Mound Division,\",\n \"Promontory A promontory is a raised mass of land that projects into a lowland or a body of water (in which case it is a peninsula). Most promontories either are formed from a hard ridge of rock that has resisted the erosive forces that have removed the softer rock to the sides of it, or are the high ground that remains between two river valleys where they form a confluence. Throughout history many forts and castles have been built on promontories because of their inherent defensibility. The promontory forts in Ireland are examples of this. Similarly, the ancient town of\",\n \"Tennessee's 4th congressional district and has many well-known geographical features related to its location on the Cumberland Plateau. Possibly the most famous of these is Fall Creek Falls in Van Buren County. This part of Tennessee has several well-recognized distilleries such as Duck River, George Dickel, Southern Pride, and most famously the Jack Daniel's Distillery in Lynchburg. The region encompasses many of Tennessee's higher education facilities, such as Middle Tennessee State University, , Bryan College, and Lee University. According to the 2010 census, the five largest cities are Murfreesboro (108,755), Cleveland (41,285), Smyrna (39,974), LaVergne (32,588), and Shelbyville (20,335). Throughout the 20th century, the\",\n \"Montgomery Bell Tunnel The Montgomery Bell Tunnel, also known as the Patterson Forge Tunnel, is a historic water diversion tunnel in Harpeth River State Park in Cheatham County, Tennessee. Built in 1819, the long tunnel is believed to be the first full-size tunnel built in the United States, and is the first used to divert water for industrial purposes. It was designated a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1981, and a National Historic Landmark in 1994. The Montgomery Bell Tunnel is located in a unit of Harpeth River State Park, north of the town of Kingston Springs, Tennessee. In this\",\n \"Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests The Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests is an ecoregion in the Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests Biome, in the Eastern United States. The ecoregion is located in the central and southern Appalachian Mountains, including the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians and the Blue Ridge Mountains. It covers an area of about in: northeast Alabama and Georgia, northwest South Carolina, eastern Tennessee, western North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, and central West Virginia and Pennsylvania; and small extensions into Kentucky, New Jersey, and New York. They are one of the world's richest temperate deciduous forests in terms of biodiversity; there are an unusually high number\",\n \"Seneca\\\". The Rocks consist of a North and a South Peak, with a central notch between. Formerly, a prominent pinnacle — \\\"the Gendarme\\\" — occupied the notch. The west flank of the Wills Mountain Anticline in the area of Seneca Rocks consists of geological strata that have been upended and rotated 90 degrees to form the impressive crag as well as other prominent outcroppings of the erosion-resistant white/gray Tuscarora quartzite, including nearby Champe Rocks. The Anticline is a gigantic upward bulge formed more than 200 million years ago at the end of the Paleozoic Era. The quartzite is approximately 250\",\n \"Deep Notch Deep Notch, sometimes West Kill Notch, or Echo Notch, is a mountain pass in Lexington, New York, United States. It divides two Catskill peaks, both subpeaks of high peaks of the range. The narrow groove between the steep, high slopes on either side is traversed by state highway NY 42 and the Shandaken Tunnel, part of the New York City water supply system. It has been called \\\"striking\\\" and \\\"a marvel of grandeur and beauty\\\". The rocky slopes have required extra fencing at the base to prevent slides from blocking the road, the only paved road from northwestern\",\n \"course, a manufacturing plant, and several fireworks stores. A local rock quarry was closed in 2017. Bean Station, Tennessee Bean Station is a city in Grainger County in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population of Bean Station was 2,826. Bean Station is located at the junction of U.S. Route 11W and U.S. Route 25E. The city is a part of the Morristown, Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area. Bean Station is rooted in a frontier outpost established in the late 1780s by the sons of William Bean, one of the earliest settlers in Tennessee. The land\",\n \"Geology of the Appalachians eastern Ohio, West Virginia, western Maryland, eastern Kentucky, western Virginia, eastern Tennessee, northwestern Georgia, and northeastern Alabama. The northern end of the Appalachian Basin extends offshore into Lakes Erie and Ontario as far as the United States–Canada border. The Appalachian Basin province covers an area of about . The province is long from northeast to southwest and between wide from northwest to southeast. The northwestern flank of the basin is a broad homocline that dips gently southeastward off the Cincinnati Arch. A complexly thrust faulted and folded terrane (Appalachian Fold and Thrust Belt or Eastern Overthrust Belt), formed at the\",\n \"Modern styles are also represented. The district includes two Lustron houses, which were a type of pre-fabricated house designed by the Lustron Corporation to meet post-World War II housing shortages. The lamp posts in Lindbergh Forest remain from the early stages of the neighborhood's development. The posts, designed to resemble colonial-era gas lights, are tall and topped with wrought iron fixtures. Lindbergh Forest Lindbergh Forest is a neighborhood in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States, located off Chapman Highway (US-441) in South Knoxville, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as an historic district. Initially developed in the late\",\n \"(8 km) of the trail are located within the Brasstown Wilderness and the trail ends at Track Rock, one of the best-known of the petroglyph sites in Georgia. There is parking at both ends of the trail. Arkaquah Trail The Arkaquah Trail is a hiking trail that has been designated as a National Recreation Trail in Georgia. The trail is 5.5 miles (8.25 km) long (not including the trail from the parking area to the summit and back) and is located in the Chattahoochee National Forest in the Brasstown Ranger District. The trail is managed by the U.S. Forest Service.\",\n \"Natchez Trace Parkway game that moved between grazing the pastures of central and western Mississippi and the salt and other mineral surface deposits of the Cumberland Plateau. The route generally traverses the tops of the low hills and ridges of the watershed divides from northeast to southwest. Native Americans, following the \\\"traces\\\" of bison and other game, further improved this \\\"walking trail\\\" for foot-borne commerce between major villages located in central Mississippi and middle Tennessee. The route is locally circuitous; however, by traversing this route the bison, and later humans, avoided the endless, energy-taxing climbing and descending of the many hills along the\",\n \"Looking Glass Rock Looking Glass Rock is a pluton monolith in the Appalachian Mountains of western North Carolina. The mountain is located within Pisgah National Forest about 5.5 miles (9 kilometers) northwest of Brevard and 25 miles (40 kilometers) southwest of Asheville. Named for the way its granite face reflects the sunshine, it rises from the valley floor to an elevation of almost 4000 ft. Trails from Forest Service Road 475 and 475B lead to the top of the mountain. It is a moderate/strenuous trail climbing 1700 ft over 3.1 miles to its peak where panoramic views can be seen.\",\n \"The mountain itself was named \\\"Thunderhead\\\" after a slang term in the American South for Cumulonimbus clouds. Thunderhead (roller coaster) Thunderhead is a wooden roller coaster located at Dollywood in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee. The coaster, which was the anchor attraction of the new \\\"Thunderhead Gap\\\" section (now Timber Canyon), opened on April 3, 2004, to much critical acclaim. Thunderhead boasts 22 turns and 32 crossovers , and utilizes GCI's Millennium Flyer trains, used on all GCI coasters since 1999. Thunderhead is also the first roller coaster to feature a station flyby. The ride was named after Thunderhead Mountain, a peak\",\n \"Salt Pond Mountain Salt Pond Mountain is a mountain located in Giles County, Virginia. The mountain, which is part of the Ridge-and-valley province of the Appalachian Mountains, extends about seven miles (12 km) from southwest to northeast. The highest peak is Bald Knob, at the southeast end, south of Mountain Lake. Salt Pond Mtn. joins Johns Creek Mountain at the southwest end, and the Big Mountain – Potts Mountain ridge at the northeast end, just south of West Virginia. Salt Pond Mountain is on the Eastern Continental Divide between the regions which drain south into the Gulf of Mexico and\",\n \"Rock Ridge, the Metacomet Ridge spreads out into a series of low, parallel ridges toward Saltonstall Mountain in Branford, Connecticut; the only noteworthy summit in between is East Rock which looms over New Haven from the north. The west side of West Rock Ridge drains into West River, then into Long Island Sound; the east side into Belden Brook thence to West River, and the north side into Mill River thence to New Haven Harbor and Long Island Sound. The fault-block ridge of West Rock is composed of diabase (sometimes referred to as trap rock), an intrusive volcanic rock. Diabase\",\n \"Fontana Dam The dam impounds the Fontana Lake, which spreads across a scenic stretch of the Little Tennessee along the southwestern boundary of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The Appalachian Trail crosses the top of the dam. Fontana is named for the now-inundated town of Fontana, a lumber and copper-mining hub once located at the mouth of Eagle Creek. The town's name was derived from the Italian word for \\\"fountain.\\\" The Little Tennessee River flows for from its source in the mountains of northern Georgia to its mouth along the Tennessee River opposite Lenoir City, Tennessee. Fontana is located above the\",\n \"Tysons Corner Communications Tower Tysons Corner Communications Tower, also known as Site E, is a classified United States military microwave tower located in Tysons Corner, Virginia. The tower is administered by the United States Army from Fort Belvoir. The tower was constructed in 1952 as part of a continuity of government plan to ensure that lines of command were preserved between the U.S. President and military bases and troops in the field in the event of a nuclear attack. In the event that defense communication facilities in Washington, DC, were disabled, there were two alternate communication facilities on Cross Mountain\",\n \"Temple Mountain (New Hampshire) Temple Mountain is a ridge located in south-central New Hampshire within the Wapack Range of mountains. It lies within Sharon and Temple, New Hampshire; the Wapack Trail traverses the mountain, and the northern face includes the Temple Mountain Reservation, owned by the state. The mountain is long and has several summits; three of them are named: Burton Peak , Whitcomb Peak , and Holt Peak, the high point. The mountain was home to the former Temple Mountain Ski Area, which is now a state-owned recreation area. Pack Monadnock Mountain is located directly to the north along\",\n \"Rock of Gibraltar point stands near the south end above the strait at O'Hara's Battery. The Rock's central peak, Signal Hill and the top station of the Gibraltar Cable Car, stands at an elevation of . The near-cliffs along the eastern side of the Rock drop down to a series of wind-blown sand slopes that date to the glaciations when sea levels were lower than today, and a sandy plain extended east from the base of the Rock. The western face, where the City of Gibraltar is located, is comparatively less steep. Calcite, the mineral that makes up limestone, dissolves slowly in rainwater.\",\n \"appears on their 2006 album \\\"Ganging Up on the Sun\\\". The hard rock band Mastodon filmed the performance footage of the music video for their song \\\"Colony of Birchmen\\\" from the album \\\"Blood Mountain\\\" inside Ruby Falls. The waterfall itself can be seen in the background. Ray Stevens performed a song entitled \\\"Ruby Falls\\\". Ruby Falls Ruby Falls is a high underground waterfall located within Lookout Mountain, near Chattanooga, Tennessee in the United States. The cave which houses Ruby Falls was formed with the formation of Lookout Mountain. About 200 to 240 million years ago (in the Carboniferous Period, at\",\n \"Fort Watauga had once stood. In 1964, Sycamore Shoals was designated a National Historic Landmark, and it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. As part of the United States Bicentennial celebrations, the state of Tennessee decided to reconstruct Fort Watauga. The state purchased Sycamore Shoals, a small island within the shoals, and an undeveloped stretch of land along the south bank of the Watauga River for the reconstructed fort and the accompanying state park that would interpret it and maintain the shoals. Sycamore Shoals State Historic Park opened in 1975. In 1980, the U.S. Congress\",\n \"Metacomet-Monadnock Trail the movement of glacial ice down lee slopes. The ridge that forms the spine of the M&M Trail across Provin Mountain, East Mountain, and the Mount Tom and Holyoke ranges was formed 200 million years ago during the late Triassic and early Jurassic periods and is composed of trap rock, also known as basalt, an extrusive volcanic rock. Basalt is a dark colored rock, but the iron within it weathers to a rusty brown when exposed to the air, lending the ledges a distinct reddish appearance. Basalt frequently breaks into octagonal and pentagonal columns, creating a unique \\\"postpile\\\" appearance. Huge\",\n \"Storm King Mountain (New York) Storm King Mountain is a mountain on the west bank of the Hudson River just south of Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York. Together with Breakneck Ridge on the opposite bank of the river it forms \\\"Wey-Gat\\\" or Wind Gate, the picturesque northern narrows of the Hudson Highlands. Its distinctive curved ridge is the most prominent aspect of the view south down Newburgh Bay, from Newburgh, Beacon, and the Newburgh-Beacon Bridge. It can also be seen by southbound travelers on nearby sections of the New York State Thruway. This view was a popular subject for early artists of\",\n \"of the concrete piers; traffic remains uninterrupted. It is also a tourist attraction for the small town of Salisbury Mills. Two major roads cross under it, the major one is Orange County Route 94. The viaduct creates a spectacular landscape when viewed from the corner of Orrs Mills Road and Jackson Avenue outside of town, frequently photographed during fall foliage season. The Moodna Viaduct appears as a prominent feature in the 2007 film \\\"Michael Clayton\\\". Moodna Viaduct The Moodna Viaduct is an iron railroad trestle spanning Moodna Creek and its valley at the north end of Schunemunk Mountain in Cornwall,\",\n \"White Top White Top is a knob and spur of Cheat Mountain in southeastern Randolph County, West Virginia, USA. Sitting at an elevation of , it is located just west of the Shavers Fork of Cheat River and Cheat Bridge. While White Top was originally crossed by the Staunton-Parkersburg Turnpike, modern-day U.S. Route 250 skirts the base of the knob beside Shavers Fork to the north and east. White Top is perhaps best known as the site of the highest Union camp during the American Civil War. Fort Milroy, also known as Cheat Summit Fort, offered an excellent view of\",\n \"to the public on July 4, 2012 after a four-year, $4 million restoration project funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), insurance proceeds, and the state government of Tennessee. More of the property is now open to the public than was the case before the tornado. Wynnewood (Tennessee) Wynnewood, also known as Castalian Springs, is a historic estate in Castalian Springs, Sumner County, Tennessee. Now administered by the state as the Wynnewood State Historic Site, it includes an 1828 former inn that is the largest existing log structure in Tennessee. The property is operated by the Bledsoe's Lick Association\",\n \"Metacomet Ridge, a fault-block ridge that formed 200 million years ago during the Triassic and Jurassic periods. It is composed of trap rock, also known as basalt, an extrusive volcanic rock. Basalt is a dark colored rock, but the iron within it weathers to a rusty brown when exposed to the air, lending the ledges a distinct reddish appearance. Basalt frequently breaks into octagonal and pentagonal columns, creating a unique \\\"postpile\\\" appearance. Huge slopes made of fractured basalt scree are visible beneath many of the ledges of Talcott Mountain; they are particularly evident along the base of the lower tier\",\n \"Lost Cove Cave Lost Cove Cave, also known as Buggytop Cave, is a cave in Franklin County, south Tennessee near the towns of Sewanee and Sherwood and close to the Alabama border. It is noted for its large main entrance and the extensive archeological artifacts of the Woodland and Mississippian periods found inside. Lost Cove Cave is a part of the Carter Natural Area section of South Cumberland State Park and is located in Lost Cove. It has three notable entrances: the main or Buggytop entrance which is wide and high, the second or Great Room entrance which was formed\",\n \"Rainbow Falls Trail The Rainbow Falls Trail is an American hiking trail in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, in Sevier County, Tennessee. The trail ascends Mount Le Conte, the tallest (and sixth-highest) mountain east of the Mississippi River, and passes Rainbow Falls before absorbing the Alum Cave Trail and terminating near the LeConte Lodge. The trail asserts itself from the beginning, immediately ascending Le Conte's flank, alongside the mountain's primary drainage avenue, LeConte Creek, which, due to the abnormally large number of mills that sprouted up along this stream at one time (twelve, at its peak), was once known\",\n \"name from the fact that the land on which it was built was won from the Governor of North Carolina in a game of chance called 'Rattle and Snap'. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971. Rattle and Snap Rattle and Snap (also called the Polk-Granberry House and once known as Oakwood Hall) is a plantation estate at 1522 North Main Street in Mount Pleasant, Tennessee. The centerpiece of the estate is a mid-1840s mansion that is one of grandest expressions of the Greek Revival in Tennessee. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971 for its\",\n \"Fort Campbell Fort Campbell (located in Kentucky) is a United States Army installation located astride the Kentucky-Tennessee border between Hopkinsville, Kentucky and Clarksville, Tennessee. Fort Campbell is home to the 101st Airborne Division and the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment. The fort is named in honor of Union Army Brigadier General William Bowen Campbell, the last Whig Governor of Tennessee. The site for Fort Campbell was selected on July 16, 1941, and the Title I Survey was completed November 15, 1941, coincidentally the same time the Japanese Imperial Fleet was leaving Japanese home waters for the attack on Pearl Harbor.\",\n \"East Tennessee East Tennessee comprises approximately the eastern third of the U.S. state of Tennessee, one of the three Grand Divisions of Tennessee defined in state law. East Tennessee consists of 33 counties, 30 located within the Eastern Time Zone and three counties in the Central Time Zone, namely Bledsoe, Cumberland, and Marion. East Tennessee is entirely located within the Appalachian Mountains, although the landforms range from densely forested mountains to broad river valleys. The region contains the major cities of Knoxville, Chattanooga, and Johnson City, Tennessee's third, fourth, and ninth largest cities, respectively. East Tennessee is both geographically and\",\n \"Antenna farm tower farm. In the Appalachian Mountains of the Eastern United States, Poor Mountain serves most of the FM and TV stations in the Roanoke/Lynchburg market. Holston Mountain in upper East Tennessee is home to most of the FM and TV stations in the Tri-Cities (Bristol, Virginia-Kingsport, Tennessee-Johnson City, Tennessee) DMA. Other examples are Signal Mountain near Chattanooga, Tennessee, Sharp's Ridge in Knoxville, Tennessee, and Paris Mountain in Greenville, South Carolina. Other examples of co-located towers on mountain peaks in the United States are on Red Mountain in Birmingham, Alabama; Mount Wilson near Los Angeles; the Sutro Tower in Clarendon Heights\",\n \"the southeast lies the Big Hole River and Pioneer Mountains. The crest of the range is part of the Continental Divide, rising to 10,793 feet (3290 m) at West Goat Peak. Other major summits include Mt. Evans (10,641 ft, 3243 m), Mt. Haggin (10,607 ft, 3233 m), Warren Peak (10,463 ft, 3189 m), and East Goat Peak (10,399 ft, 3170 m). West Pintler Peak, located in a more commonly visited area, rises to 9894 feet (2895 m). Much of the range is protected in the Anaconda-Pintler Wilderness Area. Anaconda Range The Anaconda Range, informally known as the \\\"Pintlers\\\", is a\",\n \"Great Appalachian Valley southern Great Valley to the west, including North Mountain and Great North Mountain, the Allegheny Front, Powell Mountain, the Cumberland Mountains, Walden Ridge, and the Cumberland Plateau. The Cumberland Gap connects the Great Valley region with Kentucky and Tennessee lands to the west. Massanutten Mountain lies in the middle of the Valley of Virginia portion of the Great Valley. The Valley of Virginia is a region of karst, with many sinkholes and caverns. Routes through the valley were first used by Native Americans. In pre-colonial and early colonial times a major Indian pathway through the Great Valley was known as\",\n \"the Norris Dam Project. The park includes a large campground, several small walking trails, and a wildlife observation area. A leg of the Cumberland Trail passes near the park's northern boundary, connecting the park to nearby mountaintops. Cove Lake State Park is located at the western end of Powell Valley, a valley dividing the Cumberland Mountains to the north and west from the Appalachian Ridge-and-Valley range to south and east. Cross Mountain— which at is the highest mountain in Tennessee west of the Blue Ridge Mountains— dominates the view to the west. The southern tip of Fork Mountain overlooks the\",\n \"area. Bald Knob is the terminus of the long Cass Scenic Railroad State Park. The railroad carries visitors to an elevation of approximately north of the summit ridge. An overlook platform gives visitors a view of the Greenbrier Valley and, on clear days, a view all the way into Virginia away. Snowshoe Mountain Ski Resort is situated in the bowl-shaped convergence of Back Allegheny with Cheat Mountain at the head of Shavers Fork. This area is essentially the southern terminus of both mountains. Back Allegheny Mountain Back Allegheny Mountain is a long mountain ridge in eastern West Virginia. It is\",\n \"only about 10 miles wide. The range takes its name from Caraway Creek, which was named after a Native American tribe that lived in the area before European settlement. The area was once a highly used Indian trading area and many early settlers noted that the Indian trading paths tended to \\\"disappear\\\" into the mountains. Prominent peaks in the area are Caraway Mountain, Back Creek Mountain, Daves Mountain, Ridges Mountain, and Mount Shepherd, the latter at 1,150 feet being the highest point in Randolph County. Its foothills are in Chatham County Caraway Mountains The Caraway Mountains are a mountain range\",\n \"Trade, Tennessee Trade is an unincorporated community in Johnson County, Tennessee, United States. The easternmost community in the state, Trade is located between the towns of Mountain City, Tennessee, and Boone, North Carolina, along US-421. Generally considered Tennessee's oldest community, Trade was established as a trading outpost in the 18th century, and was visited by English-speakers as early as 1673. At an elevation of 3,133 feet, it is the highest community in Tennessee. The oldest unincorporated community in the state, Trade originated in the 18th century as \\\"The Trade Gap,\\\" a trading post established for Native Americans, pioneers, and fur\",\n \"type of highland meadow consisting of fields of thick grass and sparse tree coverage—are not uncommon in the higher elevations. The summit of the highest mountain in the range—Huckleberry Knob—is a grassy bald. Other grassy balds include Oak Knob (a subpeak of Huckleberry), Hooper Bald, and Bob Bald (a subpeak of Stratton). For centuries, Native Americans used a footpath in the southern Unicoi Mountains to travel from one side of the southern Appalachian range to the other. Known as the Wachesa Trail (after a later Cherokee who lived at its eastern terminus), the path stretched from modern Cowee to a\",\n \"surrounding area since at least the 19th century, but the Cherokee Native Americans of the area may have been seeing the lights as early as the 13th century. When present, the Brown Mountain lights can be seen from as far away as Blowing Rock, North Carolina, and have been reported to rise to a fair height above the ridge, before disappearing in a 'silent explosion' like a Roman candle. The lights are best seen from Wiseman's view or Linville Falls. Brown Mountain (North Carolina) Brown Mountain is a low-lying ridge, approximately 1.5 miles long, in the Pisgah National Forest near\",\n \"of the 19th and early-20th centuries, it was probably a wooded peak before the arrival of European settlers. For this reason, the park service does not maintain the bald atop the mountain (the Great Smoky Mountains National Park currently maintains only two grassy balds— Gregory Bald and Andrews Bald). A narrow corridor for the Appalachian Trail, which crosses the summit, is kept clear for thru-hikers. There is still a small bald area at the summit, approximately in diameter, where the Appalachian Trail makes a 90-degree turn. Several grassy meadows remain on the mountain's western slope. Silers Bald consists of Thunderhead\",\n \"Massanutten Trail George Washington had Daniel Morgan construct the road over the eastern ridge into the valley. In the 19th century, the area was used for mining and the production of charcoal. Elizabeth Furnace was a blast furnace utilized to create pig iron. Signal Knob, a peak on the northern end of the trail, was used by the Signal Corps of both armies in the Civil War. In 1933, Camp Roosevelt, located on the eastern part of the trail, was established as the first Civilian Conservation Camp. In the latter half of the 20th century, there were many trails established in the\",\n \"Battle of Kings Mountain brought 200 more Virginians. About 1,100 volunteers from southwest Virginia and today's northeast Tennessee, known as the \\\"Overmountain Men\\\" because they had settled into the wilderness west of the Appalachian Mountains ridgeline, mustered at the rendezvous on September 25, 1780, at Sycamore Shoals near the modern city of Elizabethton, Tennessee. Their movement had been made possible by easing tensions with the Cherokee, thanks to diplomacy by Benjamin Cleveland's brother-in-law, Indian agent Joseph Martin. The Overmountain Men crossed Roan Mountain the next day, and proceeded in a southerly direction for about thirteen days in anticipation of fighting the British Loyalist forces.\",\n \"famous engagement there, culminating in a dramatic downhill bayonet charge that is one of the most well-known actions at Gettysburg and in the American Civil War. Little Round Top is a large diabase spur of Big Round Top with an oval crest (despite its name) that forms a short ridgeline with a summit of prominence above the saddle point to Big Round Top to the south. Located in Cumberland Township, approximately two miles (3 km) south of Gettysburg, with a rugged, steep slope rising 150 feet (46 m) above nearby Plum Run to the west (the peak is 650 feet\",\n \"The short, steep trail provides a small visitor information center and park store staffed by the Great Smoky Mountains Association, garbage cans, and numerous benches to the side of the path. Vault toilet restrooms are available. The trail offers a glimpse of the often hostile environment of highland Appalachia, passing through the spruce-fir forest and its accompanying blowdowns and dead Fraser Firs. The Appalachian Trail crosses Clingmans Dome, passing immediately north of the observation tower. A leg of the trail connects the mountain with Newfound Gap, and provides the only access to the mountain in winter months. The nearest A.T.\",\n \"ridge. It is located in the present day state of Virginia, in Scott County. It lies between two cities; Weber City is built into the south side of the gap and Gate City is to the northwest. The area surrounding Moccasin Gap is sedimentary which is formed by the compaction of particles of gravel, sand, silt, mud, and carbonate minerals from the repetitive rise and fall of shallow seas, dating to the Cambrian or Pennsylvanian period. Moccasin Gap is a water gap that is currently traversed by a channel of water, Big Moccasin Creek which is a tributary to the\",\n \"Sugarland Mountain Trail The Sugarland Mountain Trail is an American hiking trail, in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park of Sevier County, Tennessee. The trail traverses Sugarland Mountain, a massive ridge running perpendicular to the main crest of the Smokies and effectively dividing the park's north-central section from its northwestern section. Sugarland Mountain is flanked by the deep upper valleys of two of the park's major watersheds— the West Fork of the Little Pigeon River (to the east) and Little River (to the west). The trail passes through several forest types, including deciduous forest at lower elevations, heaths (\\\"hells\\\") along\",\n \"Mid-Atlantic Ridge The Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) is a mid-ocean ridge, a divergent tectonic plate or constructive plate boundary located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, and part of the longest mountain range in the world. In the North Atlantic it separates the Eurasian and North American plates, and in the South Atlantic it separates the African and South American plates. The ridge extends from a junction with the Gakkel Ridge (Mid-Arctic Ridge) northeast of Greenland southward to the Bouvet Triple Junction in the South Atlantic. Although the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is mostly an underwater feature, portions of it have enough\",\n \"the Rich Butt sandstone during the Paleozoic era. Approximately 200 million years, the North American and African plates collided in the Appalachian orogeny, thrusting the rock upward. One of Cammerer's key characteristics is the outcropping of contorted quartzite rock at the summit. Mount Cammerer was named for Arno B. Cammerer, Director of the National Park Service (1933–1940) and an instrumental figure in establishing a national park in the Great Smoky Mountains. Before its renaming, Mt. Cammerer was known as \\\"White Rock,\\\" referring to the bright white rocks that burst through the treeline at the summit. On some North Carolina maps,\",\n \"Geology of Tennessee The geology of Tennessee is as diverse as its landscapes. Politically, Tennessee is broken up into three Grand Divisions: East, Middle, and West Tennessee. Physically, Tennessee is also separated into three main types of landforms: river valley plain, highlands and basins, and mountains. Most of the sediment across Middle Tennessee was deposited from the Ordovician to the Mississippian, roughly between 400 and 300 million years ago. The sediment was primarily deep ocean limestones with some shale layers. Mississippian limestones are generally thicker than those of the Ordovician, and additionally, more cherty. In the Ordovician, the Appalachian Mountains\",\n \"Grandfather Mountain Grandfather Mountain is a mountain, a non-profit attraction, and a North Carolina state park near Linville, North Carolina. At 5,946 feet (1,812 m), it is the highest peak on the eastern escarpment of the Blue Ridge Mountains, one of the major chains of the Appalachian Mountains. The Blue Ridge Parkway passes by the south side of the mountain and also passes over the nearby Grandmother Gap. It is located at the meeting point of Avery, Caldwell (highest point), and Watauga (highest point) counties. Until 2008, Grandfather Mountain was privately owned and operated as a nature preserve and tourist\",\n \"Wills Mountain Wills Mountain is a quartzite-capped ridge in the Ridge and Valley physiographic province of the Appalachian Mountains in Pennsylvania and Maryland, United States, extending from near Bedford, Pennsylvania, to near Cumberland, Maryland. It is the northernmost of several mountain ridges included within the Wills Mountain Anticline. The Pennsylvania part of Wills Mountain is in Bedford County, reaching an elevation of . Although there are mountains in Pennsylvania's Appalachian Plateau that are higher, Wills Mountain is the highest in its Ridge and Valley physiographic province. Wills Mountain may have the highest prominence in Pennsylvania. The mountain ridge begins abruptly\",\n \"27 to the west. Watts Bar Lake extends northeast from the dam to Fort Loudoun Dam, and includes parts of Meigs, Rhea, Roane, and Loudon counties. In addition to its main Tennessee River channel, Watts Bar Lake is navigable across the lower of the Clinch River (up to Melton Hill Dam) and the lower of the Emory River. The cities of Kingston, Spring City, Harriman, Loudon, Rockwood, and Lenoir City all have waterfronts on Watts Bar Lake. Watts Bar provides of shoreline and over of water surface. Watts Bar Dam is high and stretches across the Tennessee River. Watts Bar\",\n \"Newfound Gap Newfound Gap (el. 5048 ft./1539 m.) is a mountain pass located near the center of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park of the southern Appalachian Mountains in the United States of America. Situated along the border of Tennessee and North Carolina, the state line crosses the gap, as does Newfound Gap Road (which overlaps U.S. Route 441 through the park and ends at the park's boundaries near Gatlinburg, Tennessee and Cherokee, North Carolina). The Appalachian Trail also traverses the gap, as do a small number of other hiking trails. Newfound Gap is also home to the Rockefeller Memorial,\",\n \"Chattanooga, Tennessee portion of the Appalachian Mountains and the Cumberland Plateau. Surrounded by mountains and ridges, the official nickname for Chattanooga is \\\"Scenic City\\\", reinforced by the city's reputation for outdoor activities. Unofficial nicknames include \\\"River City\\\", \\\"Chatt\\\", \\\"Nooga\\\", \\\"Chattown\\\", and \\\"Gig City\\\", referencing Chattanooga's claims that it has the fastest internet service in the Western Hemisphere. Chattanooga is internationally known for the 1941 song \\\"Chattanooga Choo Choo\\\" by Glenn Miller and his orchestra. Chattanooga is home to the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC) and Chattanooga State Community College. The city has its own typeface, \\\"Chatype\\\", which was launched in August\",\n \"Big Ridge State Park Big Ridge State Park is a state park in Union County, Tennessee, in the southeastern United States. The park consists of on the southern shore of the Norris Reservoir, an impoundment of the Clinch River created by the completion of Norris Dam in 1936. Much of the park's recreational focus is on Big Ridge Lake, a sub-impoundment of Norris near the center of the park. Big Ridge State Park was first developed by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), the National Park Service and the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the 1930s as part of the greater\",\n \"Lookout Mountain and Sand Mountain (to the southwest) make up a large portion of the southernmost end of the Cumberland Plateau. The area was lifted from an ancient sea, and worn down by erosion for millions of years. The summit, called \\\"High Point\\\", is located just east of Thompsonville in Walker County, Georgia, with an elevation of above sea level. The foothills of the mountain extend into Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park. The caves of Ruby Falls are in Lookout Mountain, and the rock formations of the \\\"City of Rocks\\\" (or Rock City) attraction are situated on the ridge.\",\n \"Appalachian Mountains extension of the Laurentian Mountains of Canada. In addition to the true folded mountains, known as the ridge and valley province, the area of dissected plateau to the north and west of the mountains is usually grouped with the Appalachians. This includes the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York, the Poconos in Pennsylvania, and the Allegheny Plateau of southwestern New York, western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio and northern West Virginia. This same plateau is known as the Cumberland Plateau in southern West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, western Virginia, eastern Tennessee, and northern Alabama. The dissected plateau area, while not actually made up\",\n \"Unaka Range The Unaka Range is a mountain range on the border of Tennessee and North Carolina, in the southeastern United States. It is a subrange of the Appalachian Mountains and is part of the Blue Ridge Mountains physiographic province. The Unakas stretch approximately from the Nolichucky River to the south to the Watauga River to the north. The Unakas include the prominent Roan Highlands, where several summits rise above 6,000 feet. The Iron Mountains border the Unakas to the north, and the Bald Mountains border the Unakas opposite the Nolichucky to the south. The name \\\"unaka\\\" is rooted in\",\n \"on the south face of the mountain. On Hightower Bald's northern slopes are two border features: Montgomery's Corner and the 30 Mile Post. Between these two points, the North Carolina-Georgia border runs in a north-south direction for about instead of a its usual east-west direction. These border features were the results of two surveying expeditions conducted in the early 19th century. When Tennessee became a state in 1796, Congress designated Georgia's northern boundaries as the 35th parallel north. In 1818, mathematician James Camak incorrectly calculated the 35th parallel north as being located south of Nickajack Lake. Camak and his survey\",\n \"Mount Magazine Mount Magazine, officially named Magazine Mountain, is the highest point of the U.S. Interior Highlands and in the U.S. state of Arkansas, and is the site of Mount Magazine State Park. It is a flat-topped mountain or mesa capped by hard rock and rimmed by precipitous cliffs. There are two summits atop the mountain: Signal Hill, which reaches , and Mossback Ridge, which reaches . Mount Magazine gets its name from French explorers who, while traveling through the area, witnessed a landslide on the mountain. The noise from the landslide was so great that one explorer described it\",\n \"Blue Ridge Mountains noted for having a bluish color when seen from a distance. Trees put the \\\"blue\\\" in Blue Ridge, from the isoprene released into the atmosphere, thereby contributing to the characteristic haze on the mountains and their distinctive color. Within the Blue Ridge province are two major national parks – the Shenandoah National Park in the northern section, and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the southern section – and eight national forests including George Washington and Jefferson National Forests, Monongahela National Forest, Daniel Boone National Forest, Cherokee National Forest, Pisgah National Forest, Nantahala National Forest and Chattahoochee National Forest.\",\n \"Hill between Dallas and Fort Worth; South Mountain Park near Phoenix; Nelson Peak near Salt Lake City; Sandia Crest near Albuquerque, New Mexico; and probably the most famous broadcast antenna farm of all: The World Trade Center Tower One, on which all of the New York City television and FM stations had their antennas. All were lost when Twin Towers One and Two collapsed after the September 11 attacks in 2001. Those antennas now broadcast from their old home, 200 feet lower, on the Empire State Building. Sharp's Ridge Sharp's Ridge is a steep limestone ridge in Knoxville, Tennessee, north\",\n \"Great Smoky Mountains include Hazel Creek and Eagle Creek in the southwest, Raven Fork near Oconaluftee, Cosby Creek near Cosby, and Roaring Fork near Gatlinburg. The Little Tennessee River passes through five impoundments along the range's southwestern boundary, namely Tellico Lake, Chilhowee Lake, Calderwood Lake, Cheoah Lake, and Fontana Lake. The highest point in the Smokies is Clingmans Dome, which rises to an elevation of . The mountain is the highest in Tennessee and the third highest in the Appalachian range. Clingmans Dome also has the range's highest topographical prominence at . Mount Le Conte is the \\\"tallest\\\" (i.e., from immediate base to\",\n \"Signal Mountain (Wyoming) The trails then rejoin and steepen over the last mile to reach the secondary summit of the mountain, the Jackson Lake Overlook. The trail rises approximately from the lodge to the overlook, though on the ridge trail there is quite a bit of up and down that adds a few hundred feet to the cumulative elevation gain. The trail is a hiking only trail, mountain biking and horseback riding are not permitted by the park service. The road is a popular biking destination due to the difficult climb up and then (after turning around at the summit) continuous downhill experienced\",\n \"Sharp's Ridge the south is an excellent panorama of the Great Smoky Mountains-State Line Ridge, then further northeast up the High Unaka Mountains (namely the Bald Mountains) with Camp Creek Bald in Greene County, Tennessee being the northernmost visible peak, to the Southern Unaka Mountains (namely the Unicoi Mountains) with Starr Mountain near Etowah, Tennessee the southernmost visible peak. These faraway peaks are verifiable through the location of Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) microwave dishes, which are aimed at relay towers on those faraway peaks. Most of the Tennessee side of the state line ridge is part of the Cherokee National Forest, the\",\n \"Signal Mountain, Tennessee by the city of Chattanooga, to the northeast by the town of Walden, and to the north by the unincorporated community of Fairmount. U.S. Route 127 (Ridgeway Avenue) is the main road through the town, leading south off the mountain to downtown Chattanooga and north over Walden Ridge to Dunlap. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Signal Mountain's history dates back years before settlement of the mountain itself. Centuries prior to the Civil War, Native Americans used a location on the mountain known as Signal Point to send fire\",\n \"Signal Mountain, Tennessee Signal Mountain is a town in Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States. The town is a suburb of Chattanooga and is located on Walden Ridge. \\\"Signal Mountain\\\" is used as a colloquial name for the part of Walden Ridge close to the town. The town population was 7,554 as of the 2010 census and estimated to be 8,573 in 2016. Signal Mountain is located in southwestern Hamilton County at 35°8′N 85°21′W (35.1291, -85.3424), atop the south end of Walden Ridge. The southern edge of the town overlooks the Tennessee River below. The town is bordered to the south\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":503,"string":"503"}}},{"rowIdx":87,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who plays sebastian in the reign tv show"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["Reign (TV series) before March 1, 2013, and British newcomer Celina Sinden was cast as Mary's lady-in-waiting Greer on that date. Torrance Coombs was announced as having been cast as Sebastian, one of the leading characters, in March 2013. Sebastian is an original character created for the show, so Coombs didn't have as much research in preparation for the role, though he faced the challenge of changing his performance from that in \"The Tudors\", another historical TV series he'd been involved in. Alan Van Sprang, who was cast as Henry II of France, modeled his performance after Bill Clinton. In November 2013, Amy"],"string":"[\n \"Reign (TV series) before March 1, 2013, and British newcomer Celina Sinden was cast as Mary's lady-in-waiting Greer on that date. Torrance Coombs was announced as having been cast as Sebastian, one of the leading characters, in March 2013. Sebastian is an original character created for the show, so Coombs didn't have as much research in preparation for the role, though he faced the challenge of changing his performance from that in \\\"The Tudors\\\", another historical TV series he'd been involved in. Alan Van Sprang, who was cast as Henry II of France, modeled his performance after Bill Clinton. In November 2013, Amy\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["Jonathan Rhys Meyers Jonathan Rhys Meyers (born Jonathan Michael Francis O'Keeffe; 27 July 1977) is an Irish actor. He is known for his roles in the films \"Velvet Goldmine\" (1998), \"Bend It Like Beckham\" (2002), \"Match Point\" (2005), \"\" (2006) and his television roles as Elvis Presley in the biographical miniseries \"Elvis\" (2005), which earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film, and as King Henry VIII in the historical drama \"The Tudors\" (2007–10). He has been the face model for several Hugo Boss fragrances advertising campaigns. In 2013, Meyers appeared as the villain","Michael Byers (actor) Michael Byers is an actor from Northern Ireland, best known for his portrayal of Liam in \"The Basil Brush Show\". Having graduated from the University of St Andrews, his first television appearance was as Brendan Shepherd in \"Hollyoaks\", before playing a fairy named Storm in several episodes of \"The Mysti Show\" on CBBC. Michael was then cast as Liam in \"The Basil Brush Show\" in 2006, replacing Mr Stephen as the wise-cracking fox's loyal sidekick and flatmate. Making his debut at the start of the fifth series, he has appeared in 26 episodes of the BAFTA-nominated show","Julian Morris its screening at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival. He also appeared in the Tom Cruise-starring \"Valkyrie\" and the Sugababes video \"Freak Like Me\". Morris next had a supporting role in the slasher film \"Sorority Row\" as Andy. In 2010, he played the recurring role of Agent Owen in \"24\". Morris was part of the main cast of the 2010 ABC documentary-style dramedy series \"My Generation\", playing \"The Rich Kid\" Anders Holt. Morris also starred in the teen drama \"Pretty Little Liars\" as Dr. Wren Kingston. In July 2012, Morris joined the ABC series \"Once Upon a Time\" as Prince Phillip.","Henry Ian Cusick Henry Ian Cusick (born 17 April 1967) is a Scottish-Peruvian actor of television, film, and theatre and a television director. He is known for his role as Desmond Hume in the ABC television series \"Lost\", for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. He also starred in the ABC political thriller series \"Scandal\", as Stephen Finch, and is currently starring as Marcus Kane in The CW science fiction series \"The 100\". Cusick was born in Trujillo, Peru, to a Peruvian mother, Esperanza Chávez, and a Scottish father, Henry Joseph Cusick. When he was two, his family","Devon Hamilton divorce with stipulation that she can't fire anyone for a year, to protect Mariah, whom Devon is now dating. Devon launches the \"Hamilton-Winters Group\" with Neil and they acquire \"Mergeron Enterprises\" from Dina Mergeron (Marla Adams). Devon signs Tessa Porter (Cait Fairbanks) to his new record label. Meanwhile, Devon's romance with Mariah is plagued by his struggle to move on from Hilary and they ultimately break up in November 2017. The character of Devon was created by the writers as a vehicle to explore the foster care system. Actress Victoria Rowell who portrayed Devon's adoptive mother Drucilla, had pitched the","thanked on stage Bradley Bell, executive producer of the show; the writers, directors, and producers of the series; and co-star Don Diamont. Clifton is the first male actor to win Emmys in the Younger, Supporting, and Lead categories, and the second overall. Scott Clifton Scott Clifton Snyder (born October 31, 1984), better known as Scott Clifton, is an American actor, musician, and video blogger. He is best known for playing Dillon Quartermaine in \"General Hospital\" (2003–2007), Schuyler Joplin in \"One Life to Live\" (2009–2010), and Liam Spencer in \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" (2010–present). He has three Daytime Emmy Award","Victoria. Tom Hudson (actor) Thomas “Tom” Hudson (born 2 October 1986 in Salford) is an English actor. Hudson played the roles of Baz Wainwright in \"Grange Hill\" between 2003 and 2007 and of Paul Clayton, son of Terry Duckworth, in \"Coronation Street\" between 2007 and 2008. Hudson left \"Coronation Street\" in May 2008. Other roles have included a part in the film \"Love + Hate\" and a small part as Jamie Coldwell in television series \"Casualty\". He also had parts in \"Knight School\", \"Heartbeat\" and \"The Royal\". In January 2008 Hudson announced his engagement to marry his girlfriend of two","Hayden Byerly their lines along with them. He has one younger brother. Byerly began his acting career after winning first place in a national talent competition in Orlando, Florida. Shortly thereafter, he booked his very first audition, making his television debut in 2011 with a guest-starring role as Skunk, the scrappy leader of a misfit basketball team on the Disney XD comedy series \"Zeke and Luther\". That same year, he made his feature film debut with a starring role as Nathan Vales in the supernatural horror film \"11/11/11\". In 2012, Byerly began a recurring role on the NBC comedy-drama series \"Parenthood\" portraying","Uriah Shelton Uriah Shelton (born March 10, 1997) is an American actor and singer. He is known for his television roles, such as playing Jeff Cargill on \"The Glades\", Josh on the web series \"Blue\", and Joshua Matthews on \"Girl Meets World\". Shelton was also the lead in the 2010 film \"Lifted\". Shelton was born in Dallas, Texas. When he was one month old, his family moved him to Magnolia Springs, Alabama, a small river community about 40 miles south of Mobile. Growing up, Shelton pursued interests in martial arts, piano, and soccer. At the age of 7, he took","nor does it aspire to be. As a screenwriter, I take the responsibility of being the creator of a tale, of transforming these raw materials into a drama.\" Detroit (film) Detroit is a 2017 American period crime drama film directed by Kathryn Bigelow and written by Mark Boal. Based on The Algiers Motel Incident during Detroit's 1967 12th Street Riot, the film's release commemorated the 50th anniversary of the event. The film stars John Boyega, Will Poulter, Algee Smith, Jacob Latimore, Jason Mitchell, Hannah Murray, Kaitlyn Dever, Jack Reynor, Ben O'Toole, Nathan Davis Jr., Peyton Alex Smith, Malcolm David Kelley,","Jason Done Jason Done (born 5 April 1973) is an English actor who appeared as Mordred in the 1998 TV miniseries \"Merlin\", opposite Sam Neill. However he is best known for his role as Stephen Snow in ITV drama \"Where The Heart Is\" from 1999 to 2001 and Tom Clarkson in the BBC drama \"Waterloo Road\" from 2006 to 2013. Jason appeared as Stephen Snow in the ITV drama series \"Where The Heart Is\", taking over the part in series 3 from William Ash, in 1999. Stephen Snow was the son of Peggy Snow (Pam Ferris) and Vic Snow (Tony","The series debuted in the summer of 2015. He had a supporting role as Owen Thomas in Hallmark Original Movie \"Angel of Christmas\". In 2016, Bendavid had a leading role as Phillip in the Hallmark original movie \"Summer in the City\" premiering August 13 on Hallmark Channel, opposite Julianna Guill with Maria Sokoloff, Vivica A. Fox and Natasha Henstridge. In 2017, he played the role of Cliff Baskers in the Hallmark original movie \"A Rose for Christmas\" opposite Rachel Boston. Marc Bendavid Marc Bendavid (born June 10, 1982) is a Canadian film, television and stage actor. Bendavid was born in","produced by Shonda Rhimes. From 2012 to 2015, Lauria had a recurring role as Ryan York, a veteran of the Afghanistan war, on the fourth, fifth and sixth seasons of the NBC family drama \"Parenthood\", reuniting with former \"Friday Night Lights\" showrunner Jason Katims. He also starred as Ryan Wheeler on the DirecTV drama series \"Kingdom\" which premiered on the Audience Network in the fall of 2014. In 2019, he will appear opposite Gina Rodriguez and Ismael Cruz Córdova in \"Miss Bala\", directed by Catherine Hardwicke. and \"Shaft\", directed by Tim Story. Matt Lauria Matthew \"Matt\" Lauria (born August 16,","first, during Sheridan's dream state on Z'ha'dum, then when Lorien departs the galaxy with the remaining First Ones at the end of the Shadow War, and finally, when he returns to Coriana 6 at the time of Sheridan's death. Lorien (Babylon 5) Lorien is a fictional character from the universe of the science fiction television series \"Babylon 5\". He appears at the start of season four and again in the last episode of the show. The character Lorien is played by Wayne Alexander. Alexander was also seen in \"Babylon 5\" as Mr. Sebastian from the second season episode \"Comes the","Wyatt Russell Wyatt Hawn Russell (born July 10, 1986) is an American actor and former ice hockey player. Russell was born in Los Angeles, California, to actors Kurt Russell and Goldie Hawn. He has three older half-siblings: actors Oliver and Kate Hudson, from his mother's previous marriage to actor and musician Bill Hudson, and Boston Russell, from his father's previous marriage to actress and singer Season Hubley. He is a grandson of actor Bing Russell. He is of Hungarian Jewish (from his maternal grandmother), German, English, Scottish and Irish descent. Russell played for numerous amateur and pro hockey teams as","of 100, based on 9 critics, indicating \"generally unfavorable reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"C–\" on an A+ to F scale. Incarnate (film) Incarnate is a 2016 American supernatural horror film directed by Brad Peyton and written by Ronnie Christensen. It stars Aaron Eckhart, Carice van Houten, Catalina Sandino Moreno, David Mazouz, Keir O'Donnell, Matt Nable, and John Pirruccello. The film was released on December 2, 2016, by Blumhouse Tilt and High Top Releasing. An 11-year-old boy named Cameron Sparrow is attacked by a hooded stranger who tries to kill him. However, Cameron","Beckham, Elton John, and Denis Leary. Hurley grew up in Gloucester, with his mother and her then spouse, business tycoon Arun Nayar. Hurley and his mother then lived part-time in Australia due to Elizabeth's relationship with Australian cricket player Shane Warne. Damian Hurley Damian Charles Hurley (born 4 April 2002) is an English actor and model. He is the son of actress Elizabeth Hurley and American businessman Steve Bing. Hurley portrayed Prince Hansel von Liechtenstein in a December 2016 episode of the E! television series \"The Royals\", which stars his mother as the Queen of England. He reprised his role","Aaron Tveit Aaron Kyle Tveit (; born October 21, 1983) is an American actor and singer. He is known for originating the roles of Gabe in \"Next to Normal\" and Frank Abagnale Jr. in the stage version of \"Catch Me If You Can\" on Broadway. He is also known for his recurring role as Tripp van der Bilt on The CW's teen drama series \"Gossip Girl,\" his portrayal of Enjolras in the 2012 film adaptation of \"Les Misérables\", as Mike Warren on the USA Network series \"Graceland,\" and as Danny Zuko in \".\" Tveit also starred in the CBS series","Craig Vye Craig Vye (born 19 July 1983), is an English actor, best known for his role as Ethan Scott in teen soap opera \"Hollyoaks\". Craig was born in Hertfordshire, England. Vye trained at RADA, graduating in 2005. He was a member of the Big Spirit Youth Theatre starring in various roles such as Rosencrantz in Hamlet, Demetrius in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Eiliff in Mother Courage, Augustus in The Importance of Being Ernest, Ralph in The Lord of the Flies. Craig and his wife Amber got married in May 2009, Amber is a principal at a theatre arts school.","Janet King (TV series) Campbell) and Peter Kowitz (Tony Gillies), as well as, \"Janet King\" season one cast members, Damian Walshe-Howling (Owen Mitchell) and Terry Serio (Terry Renner). New faces include Leah Purcell, Philip Quast, Anita Hegh, Aaron Jeffery, Genevieve Hegney, Nicholas Hope and Ewen Leslie. Dusseldorp, Michael, Demetriades, Morris, Kowitz, Walshe-Howling, Hegh all returned for the third series. Joining them was Don Hany, Robert Mammone, Susie Porter, Andrew Ryan, Huw Higginson, Steve Le Marquand, Arka Das, Adam Demos, Geraldine Viswanathan and Zoe Terakes. John Bach was cast as Janet's estranged father Graham King. Todd Lasance reprised his \"Crownies\" role of Ben McMahon. The","The Demon's Head breaking a story, of starting with a story document, then an outline, and then a draft; it was informative\" Morena Baccarin, Camren Bicondova, Jessica Lucas, Chris Chalk and Drew Powell don't appear in the episode as their respective characters. Baccarin, Bicondova, Lucas and Chalk receive credit only, while Powell is uncredited In September 2017, it was announced that the guest cast for the episode would include Dakin Matthews as Niles Winthrop, Benjamin Stockham as Alex Winthrop, Nathan Darrow as Mr. Freeze, Anthony Carrigan as Victor Zsasz, and Kelcy Griffin as Detective Harper. The episode was watched by 2.75 million viewers","Regional Entertainment Centre on 25 July and at the community concert the next evening, again playing to a full house. Mingay joined the cast of \"Home and Away\" as Trystan Powell in 2015. Mingay has performed at several concerts including the charity benefit Pants Off for Beyond Blue, a concert involving several performers each singing in their underwear. Television Ben Mingay Ben Mingay is an Australian actor and singer, perhaps best known for having played Buzz Graham in the series \" Packed to the Rafters\" and Rob Duffy in \"Wonderland\". He played the role of Billy in the stage version","Nigel Lindsay Nigel Lindsay (London, 17 January 1969) is an English stage and screen actor, best known on television for his roles as Sir Robert Peel in the first two seasons of Victoria, Jo Jo Marshall in the Netflix series Safe and as Barry in the BAFTA winning Chris Morris film \"Four Lions\" for which he was nominated for Best British Comedy Performance in Film at the 2011 British Comedy Awards On stage, he was Olivier nominated in 2012 for his performance in the title role in the original West End run of \"Shrek the Musical\" at the Theatre Royal","Lars Mikkelsen Lars Dittmann Mikkelsen (born ) is a Danish actor. He has played Copenhagen mayoral election candidate Troels Hartmann in the drama series \"The Killing\", Charles Augustus Magnussen, the primary villain in the third series of \"Sherlock\", the Russian President Viktor Petrov in \"House of Cards\" on Netflix, and Grand Admiral Thrawn in \"Star Wars Rebels\". He is the older brother of actor Mads Mikkelsen. In 2011 he won the Reumert Prize of honour. Mikkelsen was born in Gladsaxe near Copenhagen. After secondary school he enrolled for military service in the Royal Danish Army. He then studied biology at","Diviner in its native language) with Hydra, wishing to kill Coulson, \"and everyone else\". In October 2014, Marvel announced that the fifth episode of the season would be titled \"A Hen in the Wolf House\", to be written by Brent Fletcher, with Holly Dale directing. In October 2014, Marvel revealed that main cast members Clark Gregg, Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, Elizabeth Henstridge, and Nick Blood would star as Phil Coulson, Melinda May, Grant Ward, Skye, Leo Fitz, Jemma Simmons, and Lance Hunter, respectively. It was also revealed that the guest cast for the episode would","The Next Step (2013 TV series) Due to the attendance number in the past six malls, \"Family Channel\" announced that they had moved the event in the Kingsway Mall from inside to the parking lot. The cast of \"The Next Step\" went on a third tour during 2016. The tour will visit Canada, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Australia, New Zealand, England and Ireland. It will be the first international tour by the cast. Not all the cast are going on the tour. Only Victoria Baldesarra (Michelle), Trevor Tordjman (James), Jordan Clark (Giselle), Taveeta Szymanowicz (Thalia), Isaac Lupien (Eldon), Lamar Johnson (West), Myles Erlick (Noah), and Briar Nolet","Joshua Rush Joshua Rush (born ) is an American actor. Rush began his career as a child actor playing roles such as Turner in the 2012 film \"Parental Guidance\", and young versions of the characters Sylar and Chuck Bartowski on the television series \"Heroes\" and \"Chuck\", respectively. Since 2016 he has voiced Bunga on the Disney Junior television series \"The Lion Guard\", and since 2017 he has starred as Cyrus Goodman on the Disney Channel television series \"Andi Mack\". Rush was ten months old when he first appeared in a local television special, and then several ads and catalogs shortly","Christopher Guard Christopher Guard (born 5 December 1953) is an English actor. Guard was born in Hammersmith, London. Educated at Latymer Upper School, he was a member of the National Theatre aged 20. He has appeared in \"Vienna 1900\" (1973), \"Memoirs of a Survivor\" and \"Return to Treasure Island\" (1986). His roles on television include the young David Copperfield in the BBC's 1966 TV serial adaptation, Marcellus in the BBC adaptation of \"I, Claudius\", Ferdinand in the BBC Shakespeare production of \"The Tempest\" (opposite his cousin Pippa as Miranda), Ken Hodges in the medical drama \"Casualty\" and Bellboy in the","Emmett James Emmett James is a British actor from Croydon, South London Emmett James Humphries was born on 4 February 1972. He is the second son of Richard and Kathryn Humphries. His father was a music journalist for fleet street in the 1960s during the height on the \"British Invasion\". He has an older brother Cymon Humphries and a younger brother Matthew Humphries, along with three sisters Amy, Georgina and Lucy. He was named after a character on the American TV show \"The Virginian\" Deputy Sheriff Emmett Ryker played by actor Clu Gulager. His youth growing up in London as","on pay television channel Fox8, Fridays at 9:30PM. The Seven Network's primary free-to-air channel aired the first season during late night. Teen Wolf (2011 TV series) Teen Wolf is an American television series developed by Jeff Davis for MTV. It is loosely based on the 1985 film of the same name, and stars Tyler Posey as a teenager named Scott McCall, who is bitten by a werewolf and must cope with how it affects his life and the lives of those closest to him, and Dylan O'Brien as \"Stiles\" Stilinski, Scott's best friend. The series has received generally positive reviews","Isabel (TV series) The film will focus on the aftermath of Queen Isabella's death. Jordi Frades, director of the series, will also direct the film, and Rodolfo Sancho (as King Ferdinand), Irene Escolar (as Joanna the Mad), Raúl Merida (as Philip the Handsome) and Eusebio Poncela (as Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros) will reprise their roles. The film will serve as the link between \"Isabel\" and new series \"Carlos, rey emperador\", which is based upon the reign of Charles I, Isabella's grandson. Michelle Jenner and Eusebio Poncela reprised the roles of Isabella I of Castile and Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros respectively in the \"El","The King's Messengers The King’s Messengers is an American Teen drama mini-series produced by Crystal Creek Media that premiered on Amazon Prime. It centers on Anwaar Osem (Christopher Veldhuizen) and David Sutherland (Daniel Knudsen), two refugees trying to survive in the fictional war-torn country of Zanora. The series was awarded a Dove seal of family approval from the Dove Foundation. Anwaar’s parents were killed during an air raid led by forces fighting for political control of Zanora. He flees to the northern forrest to escape a corrupt regime as well as the dangerous Resistance Army. While hiding out and surviving","The Magical Place Hooks directing. In December 2014, Marvel revealed that main cast members Clark Gregg, Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge would star as Phil Coulson, Melinda May, Grant Ward, Skye, Leo Fitz, and Jemma Simmons, respectively. It was also revealed that the guest cast for the episode would include Saffron Burrows as Agent Victoria Hand, Ron Glass as Dr. Streiten, Ruth Negga as Raina, Rob Huebel as Lloyd Rathman, Aiden Turner as Vanchat, Felisha Terrell as Emily Deville, Cullen Douglas as Po. Burrows, Glass, Negga, and Douglas reprise their roles from earlier in the series.","on BBC Radio 4 from 2010 to 2013. In 2011 Latham joined the cast of the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", playing Rob Grayson, a pimp in a controversial sex exploitation storyline. In 2013, Latham starred in the popular BBC school-based drama series, \"Waterloo Road\", as Steve-O Malone. No offence 2016 Jody Latham Jody Lee Latham (born 1 January 1982) is an English actor, best known for his roles as Phillip \"Lip\" Gallagher in the British Channel 4 comedy drama series \"Shameless\", Calum McKenzie in the ITV series \"The Fixer\" and Rob Grayson in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\". He has","of the series \"Supernatural\" in 2017. He plays Isaac Bancroft in Netflix's popular dystopic series \"Altered Carbon\". Antonio Marziale Antonio Marziale (born April 5, 1997) is a Canadian actor, best known for playing Elliott in the original Netflix movie \"Alex Strangelove\". He also portrays the character of Benicio in Brian Jordan Alvarez's popular YouTube series, \"The Gay and Wondrous Life of Caleb Gallo\". Antonio Marziale was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His father is Italian and his mother is from Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He attended The American School in Switzerland and attended Carnegie Mellon University when he was 16 years old.","Mathew Valencia Mathew Valencia (born December 12, 1983) is an American actor and voice actor. Valencia was born in Fontana, California. His father is a California Highway Patrol officer and his younger brother Joseph Ashton is also a voice actor. In high school, Valencia was an honor roll student, a starter on the soccer team, captain of the track and cross country team, and participated in the 2001 Rose Parade with his high school marching band, in which he played trombone. Valencia married Marnica Ibuna and they have two sons together, Rigel and Rowan. They reside in Diamond Bar. Valencia","series aired in 2015. In 2015, Wight originated the title role in the play \"McQueen\" at the St. James Theatre, London. In 2016, he voiced Ludovico in Hattie Naylor's adaptation of \"The Mysteries of Udolpho\", broadcast on BBC Radio 4. Stephen Wight Stephen Gray (born 27 February 1980), known professionally as Stephen Wight, is an English actor. He received a Laurence Olivier Award for Best Newcomer in a Play nomination for his performance in the 2007 production of \"Dealer's Choice\". Wight's television career dates back to 2003 with a minor part in \"Casualty\". He is best known for his role","Adam Scott (actor) Adam Paul Scott (born April 3, 1973) is an American actor, comedian, producer, and podcaster. He is known for his role as Ben Wyatt in the NBC sitcom \"Parks and Recreation\". He has also appeared as Derek in the film \"Step Brothers\", Johnny Meyer in \"The Aviator\", Henry Pollard in the Starz sitcom \"Party Down\", Ed Mackenzie in the HBO series \"Big Little Lies\" and Trevor in the NBC series \"The Good Place\". Scott was born in Santa Cruz, California, to Anne (born Quartararo) and Simon Dougald Scott, both of whom are retired teachers. He is of","Jason Ritter Jason Ritter (born February 17, 1980) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Kevin Girardi in the television series \"Joan of Arcadia\", Ethan Haas in \"The Class\", Sean Walker in the NBC series \"The Event\", and as the voice of Dipper Pines in \"Gravity Falls\". He also played the recurring role of Mark Cyr in the NBC television series \"Parenthood\", for which he received an Emmy Award nomination. In 2017, he starred in the TV comedy series \"Kevin (Probably) Saves the World\". Ritter was born on February 17, 1980 in Los Angeles, California, to","Lorenzo Lamas Lorenzo Fernando Lamas (born January 20, 1958) is an American actor and martial artist. He is known for playing Lance Cumson, the irresponsible grandson of Angela Channing (played by Jane Wyman) on the 1980s soap opera \"Falcon Crest\" (Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film). During and after \"Falcon Crest\", he and Ana Alicia, who played his wife in the series have remained close friends. He later went on to play Reno Raines on the 1990s crime drama \"Renegade\", and Hector Ramirez on the daytime soap opera \"The Bold and the","Pete Correale Peter M. Correale (born April 20, 1970 in Oakdale, New York) is an American actor, broadcaster stand up comedian, and writer. He currently co-hosts \"The Pete and Sebastian Show\" with fellow comedian Sebastian Maniscalco that airs weekly on SiriusXM and as a separate podcast. In addition, he was a writer and occasional performer on the CBS sitcom \"Kevin Can Wait\". Pete Correale was born and raised in Long Island, New York. He graduated from SUNY Fredonia in 1992 with a degree in communication, and also played on the school basketball team. During this time, he took a drama","Jake Weary Jacob \"Jake\" Weary (born February 14, 1990) is an American actor, musician, singer-songwriter and music producer. He is best known for his roles as Luke Snyder on the CBS soap opera \"As the World Turns\", Vince Keeler in NBC's action-drama series \"Chicago Fire\", and for his role as Kevin in \"\" (2010) and its two sequels and television adaptation, Nickelodeon's \"\". He currently stars as Deran Cody in the TNT drama series \"Animal Kingdom\", based on the Australian film of the same name. Weary initially made a guest appearance on the long-running CBS soap opera \"Guiding Light\" in","The Trust (film) The Trust is a 2016 American crime film directed by Alex Brewer and Ben Brewer and written by Ben Brewer and Adam Hirsch. The film stars Nicolas Cage, Elijah Wood, Sky Ferreira, Jerry Lewis, Kevin Weisman and Steven Williams. The film was released on DirecTV on April 14, 2016, before being released on video on demand and in theaters on May 13, 2016, by Saban Films. Although \"Max Rose\" was released after \"The Trust\", this film marks the last role that Jerry Lewis filmed before his death in 2017. Young police Sergeant David Waters and his older","Jason Dolley Jason Scott Dolley (born July 5, 1991) is an American actor and musician, known for his roles in Disney Channel shows and movies. These include Newton \"Newt\" Livingston III on \"Cory in the House\", Virgil Fox in \"Minutemen\", Connor Kennedy in \"Read It and Weep\", Pete Ivey in \"Hatching Pete\", and PJ Duncan on \"Good Luck Charlie\". Jason Scott Dolley was born in Los Angeles, California, on July 5, 1991. Dolley gained his first stage experience at 11 when he and one of his brothers performed the Abbott and Costello \"Who's on First\" routine in a school talent","The Royal Family (TV series) chronicled the lives of Atlanta mail carrier Alexander Alphonso \"Al\" Royal (Redd Foxx) and his wife Victoria (Della Reese), who were anticipating peaceful retirement years until marital problems brought an extended visit from their daughter Elizabeth (Mariann Aalda) and her three children: Kim (Sylver Gregory), Curtis (Larenz Tate) and Hillary (Naya Rivera). \"The Royal Family\" was intended as a comeback vehicle for Foxx, who had not had a successful television series since the cancellation of \"Sanford and Son\" in 1977. Ratings for the early episodes were high. On October 11, 1991 Foxx suffered a massive heart attack while rehearsing. Joshua","in which he played the title role, 2002's \"Race to Space\", which received a minor theatrical release, and 2003's Hanukkah-themed made-for-television Disney Channel film \"Full-Court Miracle\", in which he played the lead player in a Jewish school's basketball team. Linz appeared in the comedy \"The Amateurs\", starring Jeff Bridges. He appeared in the 2007 short \"Order Up\" as a busboy. His most recent credit is in the political film \"Choose Connor\" as Owen Norris, alongside Steven Weber. Alex D. Linz Alexander David Linz (born January 3, 1989) is an American former actor who starred in several late 1990s and early","Sebastian de Souza School in Berkshire and at St Edward's School, Oxford, where he completed A-levels in English, History and Philosophy. During school age he also followed the acting workshops at the Watermill Theatre, near Newbury. Since 2010 he's a member of the National Youth Theatre. After a brief appearance in Nick Ross's documentary series \"The Truth About Crime\", de Souza got his break on television at the age of 17, when he was cast as Matty Levan in the fifth and sixth instalment of cult drama \"Skins\". In 2012, he joined the cast of historical drama \"The Borgias\", created by Neil Jordan","Bonnie Dennison Bonnie Dennison (born February 15, 1989) is an American actress. She was born in New York City. From 2002–05, she played Emily Yokas on the NBC television show \"Third Watch\". In 2007, she joined the cast of the long-running CBS daytime drama \"Guiding Light\" in the role of Susan \"Daisy\" Lemay, a role she continued to portray until the end of \"Guiding Light's\" broadcast run in 2009. In 2009, she made a guest appearance in the \"Ugly Betty\" episode \"Backseat Betty\", portraying Ava, a cheerleader at school with Justin. In 2010, she appeared in the movie \"Stake Land\".","Andrew Beck Andrew Beck is a media consultant, public relations specialist and actor based in the United Kingdom. At 17, he was one of the youngest to be accepted into The Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute in London and received a scholarship from Anna Strasberg herself. At 19 he co-starred in Cold Light of Day, a British film which went on to win the Critics Award at the Venice Film Festival in 1990. He has appeared in numerous television programmes on UK television, including EastEnders, The Bill and Beech is Back. In 2001 he played the part of Stuart in Sandra","Bell), Trevor in \"Aphrodite Blugs\" (at New End Theatre, Hampstead), Ben in \"Stroke Me\" (at Finborough Theatre, Earls Court), Colin in \"Saved\" (at Octagon Theatre, Bolton), Romeo in \"Romeo and Juliet\" (Stafford Gatehouse Theatre) and Morton in \"An Enemy of the People\" (at Playhouse Theatre). Pickard is currently unmarried. John Pickard (British actor) John Pickard is a British actor, best known for playing 'David Porter' in the BBC One 1991 TV series \"2point4 Children\" and playing Dominic Reilly (brother of Tony Hutchinson, played by Pickard's own brother Nick Pickard) in Channel 4's \"Hollyoaks\". He trained at the Sylvia Young Theatre","EXposed know each other, so what's going to happen now?\" In February 2017, Blair Redford was cast, later confirmed as John Proudstar / Thunderbird; Jamie Chung was cast as Clarice Fong / Blink, Stephen Moyer was cast as Reed Strucker; and Sean Teale was cast as Marcos Diaz / Eclipse. The next month, Natalie Alyn Lind joined as Lauren Strucker; Amy Acker was cast as Caitlin Strucker; Emma Dumont as Lorna Dane / Polaris; Percy Hynes White as Andy Strucker; and Coby Bell as Jace Turner. The guest cast for the episode was revealed in September 2017, including Joe Nenners as","Avan Jogia child, and returns to confront the psychologist whose expert witness testimony he believes was responsible for his conviction. Jogia starred in the comedy film \"The Outcasts\", alongside lead actress Victoria Justice. Later, Jogia appeared in \"The Year of Spectacular Men\", a film directed by Lea Thompson. Thompson is the mother of Zoey Deutch, who also appears in the film opposite Jogia. He played Sebastian, the \"loving boyfriend\" of a movie star (Deutch). Followed by, \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", a contemporary film adaption of the comedy of the same name written by William Shakespeare. Jogia starred in Syfy's 13-episode series titled","\"Jericho Mansions\", \"Max Payne\" and \"Pawn Sacrifice\". He was the male lead in the 2004 horror film \"Eternal\". In 2009, Pla was the writer and director for \"Burning Mussolini\", in which he also acted opposite his friend and \"ReGenesis\" co-star Peter Outerbridge. In 2013, he had a supporting role in the film \"Riddick\" as Vargas. He also played the main antagonist of , Governor Laureano de Torres y Ayala. He also played the voicing of Jackal in Rainbow Six Siege. Conrad Pla Conrad Pla (born October 24, 1966) is a Canadian actor and former professional kickboxer. He is probably best","David Mackenzie (director) \"Damnation\" was picked up to series by the USA Network in May 2017 and will be released by Netflix outside of the USA. In 2018 Mackenzie's tenth feature, \"Outlaw King\" starring Chris Pine, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Florence Pugh and Billy Howle, was released on Netflix. The film tells the true David and Goliath story of Scottish king Robert the Bruce as he fights to repel the occupying English army. The film is produced by Gillian Berrie and Sigma Films. Mackenzie lives in Scotland with his partner Hazel Mall and their three children: Ferosa, Luke and Arthur. His father was Royal Navy","wife and child and they live mainly between Copenhagen and her family's farm in the south of Norway. Campbell is a rugby enthusiast, having played rugby with the Virginia Rugby Football Club, Chicago Lions RFC and the Santa Monica Rugby Club. Campbell has \"permanent resident\" immigration status in Canada, with an apartment in Vancouver, British Columbia. Billy Campbell William Oliver Campbell (born July 7, 1959) is an American film and television actor. He first gained recognition for his recurring role as Luke Fuller in the TV series \"Dynasty\". Since then, he became known for playing Rick Sammler on \"Once and","is most known for the leading roles in the long running soap opera Generations as Archie Moroka—and on ETV soap opera Scandal! as popular villain, Lucas \"Daniel\" Nyathi. Currently, he stars as the flamboyant Kgosietsile in Mzansi Magic's TV drama (telenovela), The Queen and as a corrupt career-politician, Rolex Ngidi in Mzansi Magic's Rockville. Sello Maake Ka-Ncube Sello Maake Ka-Ncube, born Sello Maake in 1960 (He subsequently changed to Maake Ka-Ncube in honour of his stepfather who raised him) is one of South Africa's most esteemed actors and voice actors, having performed in theatre, film and television both in his","Erica Hubbard Erica Hubbard (born January 2, 1979) is an American actress and model. Hubbard is best known for her roles as Kiana Anderson in 2006's \"Akeelah and the Bee\", Cassandra \"Cassie\" Sutton on the ABC Family series \"Lincoln Heights\" and Kita Whitmore on \"Let's Stay Together\" on the BET network. She is also the voice of Abbey for the TV series \"The Replacements\". She created \"The Erica Hubbard Foundation\" to help youth in at-risk communities. Born and raised in Chicago, Hubbard knew at the age of nine that she wanted to be an actress, after she performed in her","School in Carmel, New York and then at The Harlem School of the Arts under Aubrey Lynch, former \"Lion King\" producer. Caleb McLaughlin Caleb McLaughlin (born October 13, 2001) is an American actor. He began his career on the Broadway stage as Young Simba in the musical \"The Lion King\". He plays Lucas Sinclair in the Netflix series \"Stranger Things\". In 2017, McLaughlin appeared in the BET miniseries \"The New Edition Story\" as Ricky Bell. McLaughlin grew up in Carmel, a small town in suburban New York. He attended Kent Primary School and later attended George Fischer Middle School for","Better to Reign in Hell... can't deal with this on an emotional and psychological level right now.\" On June 20, 2016, Jamie Chung was cast as Valerie Vale, with the role being described as \"a crackerjack reporter dead set on uncovering the truth behind Indian Hill. Confident and dogged, she will do anything to get the scoop, and soon sets her sights on Gordon, who she believes is the key lead in her story.\" The note also revealed that the character is the aunt of fellow comic book character Vicki Vale. 3 days later, James Carpinello was cast as Mario Falcone, son of Carmine Falcone,","Scott Taylor (actor) Scott Anthony Taylor (born 6 October 1982 in Manchester) is an English actor. Taylor's acting career started at the age of 17 with a role in the 2000 Christmas special of ITV1's \"Heartbeat\" of which \"The Royal\" is a spin-off. He played Noel Stringer, the bank manager's son, who was kidnapped. An appearance in three episodes of \"Coronation Street\" followed where he played university student Stuart Fergus, a school friend of Todd Grimshaw, who encouraged Todd to become a student. Taylor soon moved to Birmingham to play Tom Bradley, a paranoid schizophrenic, in the BBC daytime soap","Street. Mawle had a lead role in the horror film \"The Hallow\". Joseph Mawle Joseph Daniel Turner Mawle (born 21 March 1974) is an English actor. Mawle is best known for his roles as Benjen Stark in \"Game of Thrones\", Detective Inspector Jedediah Shine in \"Ripper Street\", Firebrace in \"Birdsong\", Jesus Christ in \"The Passion\" and Odysseus in \"\". Mawle was born in Oxford. He grew up in a Victorian manor house on a farm outside Shipston-on-Stour, Warwickshire. He is one of three children from a family with a history of nine generations of farming in Warwickshire. His mother was","Star (TV series) war with each other. In August 2015, Fox announced it had ordered a pilot for a potential new musical drama series titled \"Star\" from \"Empire\"-creator Lee Daniels about three girls forming a girl group. In October that same year, casting for the series began. It was revealed that the series would feature a transgender character. On December 7, 2015, it was announced that Queen Latifah had joined the cast as Carlotta, Jude Demorest as Star, Brittany O'Grady as Simone and Ryan Destiny as Alexandra and Amiyah Scott as Cotton. On December 11, 2015, it was confirmed that Benjamin Bratt has","2013, it was reported that they had filed for divorce. The divorce was finalized in December 2013. Wesley lived in Atlanta, Georgia, while filming \"The Vampire Diaries\" and the rest of the time with his then-wife Torrey DeVitto in Los Angeles, California. He sold his Los Angeles residence after his divorce at the end of 2013. Paul Wesley Paweł Tomasz Wasilewski (; born July 23, 1982), known professionally as Paul Wesley and formerly as Paul Wasilewski, is an American actor, director, and producer. He is best known for his roles as Aaron Corbett in the miniseries \"Fallen\", Stefan Salvatore on","Other cast members include Sam Adegoke as Jeff, Robert Christopher Riley as Blake's chauffeur Michael, James Mackay as Steven, Rafael de la Fuente as Sam Jones, a gay male version of Sammy Jo, Alan Dale as Carrington majordomo Anders, Nick Wechsler as Matthew Blaisdel, Brianna Brown as Claudia, Wakeema Hollis as Jeff's sister Monica Colby, and Nicollette Sheridan as Alexis. The new \"Dynasty\" premiered in the US on October 11, 2017. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on October 12, 2018. Dynasty (1981 TV series) Dynasty is an American prime time","Kyle Harrison Breitkopf Kyle Harrison Breitkopf (born July 13, 2005) is a Canadian actor who portrayed Barker Simmons in the 2012 comedy film \"Parental Guidance\". In 2015, Breitkopf starred as Henry Bennigan on the ABC series \"The Whispers\", which premiered during the 2014–15 TV season. In 2011, Breitkopf appeared as Nathan Cross in the television series \"Rookie Blue\". That same year, he appeared as Mikey Patterson in the television series \"Against The Wall\". In 2013, he guest starred in the TV series \"Saving Hope\", which he played the role of Ryan. He also plays Isaac Waite, the son of a","due to begin taping in late August and expected to begin appearing by early 2017. In December 2016, it was reported that Lamon Archey, known for his portrayal of Mason Wilder on \"The Young and the Restless\" had been cast in a role and would debut in early 2017. Archey had previously appeared on \"Days of Our Lives\" in an \"under-five\" role which he says lead to his casting on \"The Young and the Restless\". Seaforth Hayes announced the casting on December 11, 2016, and revealed he would portray the role of Eli Grant. Archey's debut was slated for February","Scott Porter not picked up by the network. BuddyTV ranked him #10 on its \"TV's 100 Sexiest Men of 2010\" list and #34 in 2011. Porter played a lawyer in the medical dramedy series \"Hart of Dixie\" alongside Rachel Bilson. The series debuted on The CW in September 2011. In 2013, he debuted in the second season of the hugely popular video game series of \"\" by Telltale Games as Luke, one of the main characters in the series. Porter also voiced another main character, Lukas, in \"Minecraft Story Mode\" by Telltale Games and Mojang. In 2017, Porter portrayed Colton \"Colt\" Cruise","again. In 2013, he appeared in \"Q\". He made his acting debut in 2015 by guest-starring in an episode of \"K.C. Undercover\" as a football dude. In the same year, he landed the recurring role of Todd Stetson in another television series Liv and Maddie. In early 2017, he was cast in a film called \"Rodeo\" as Colton which he confirmed on Instagram in September. In late 2017, Swickard was cast in the soap opera \"General Hospital\" as Harrison Chase. He debuted on February 21, 2018. Josh Swickard Josh Swickard (born July 4, 1992) is an American model and actor.","The Event as Sean's girlfriend, Leila Buchanan, with Patterson portraying her father, Michael. In late February, Laura Innes was cast as Sophia Maguire, a role which was originally envisioned as male. Blair Underwood came on board in early March in the role of President Eli Martinez, a role which was originally planned for a Hispanic actor. Finally, the addition of Taylor Cole completed the main cast. Jeffrey Reiner signed on to direct, after having agreed to a deal with Universal Media Studios to work on new projects. He also served as an executive producer. After having read the pilot script, he called","Wallflowers (web series) implemented during the show's brief run. The character of Bryce Hunter has been recast twice. Originally played by Tony nominee Chad Kimball, who was unable to continue with the series past Episode 3 of Season 1, the role was recast with actor Lucas Near-Verbrugghe. To introduce the switch, the show filmed a short piece which was a parody of the Steven Carrington/Dynasty actor swap, with the cast of Wallflowers gathered in a hospital room, awaiting Bryce's head bandages to be removed. Near-Verbrugghe relocated to Los Angeles at the end of Season 1, so the role was once again recast, this","Dynasty (season 1) \"Dynasty\" was in development at The CW, co-written by Josh Schwartz, Stephanie Savage, and Sallie Patrick. The show received a 13-episode a first season order on May 10, 2017. A preview trailer was released on May 18, 2017. On November 8, 2017, the series received a back nine order for a full season of 22 episodes. Nathalie Kelley was cast as Cristal in January 2017, followed by Elizabeth Gillies as Fallon, Sam Adegoke as playboy Jeff Colby, and Robert Christopher Riley as Blake's chauffeur Michael Culhane in February. Next cast were Grant Show as Fallon's father Blake Carrington, and Rafael","Dynasty (2017 TV series) Brianna Brown as Matthew's wife Claudia, and Wakeema Hollis as Jeff's sister Monica Colby. In November 2017, Nicollette Sheridan was cast in the role of Blake's ex-wife Alexis Carrington, and was later promoted to series regular status for season two. Other guest stars include Elena Tovar as Iris Machado, Cristal's sister and Sam's mother, Bill Smitrovich as Thomas Carrington, Blake's estranged father, and Hakeem Kae-Kazim as Cesil Colby, Jeff and Monica's father. In June 2018, Kelley told \"E! News\" that she would not be returning for season two. The CW announced in August 2018 that Ana Brenda Contreras had been","series \"Farscape\". In 2006, Bartlett toured with Hugh Jackman in the Australian touring company production of Jackman's Broadway hit \"The Boy From Oz\". From March 2007 until the show's cancellation in September 2009, Bartlett was a cast member on the CBS daytime soap opera \"Guiding Light\", where he played Cyrus Foley. He also starred as Dominic \"Dom\" Basaluzzo in the HBO comedy-drama series \"Looking\" from 2014 to 2015, and then reprised his role in the series finale television film, \"\" in 2016. Murray Bartlett is openly gay. Murray Bartlett Murray Bartlett (born 20 March 1971) is an Australian actor. Bartlett","Homecoming (TV series) Homecoming is an American psychological thriller web television series, based on the podcast of the same name created by Eli Horowitz and Micah Bloomberg, that premiered on November 2, 2018 on Amazon Video. The series was created by Horowitz and Bloomberg who also serve as writers and executive produce alongside Sam Esmail, Chad Hamilton, Julia Roberts, Alex Blumberg, Matt Lieber, and Chris Gilibert. Esmail also directed every episode of the series, which stars Roberts, Bobby Cannavale, Stephan James, Shea Whigham, Alex Karpovsky, and Sissy Spacek. \"Homecoming\" follows Heidi Bergman, a former caseworker at the Homecoming Transitional Support","casting process. Lepley was quite surprised when Perry came to the audition dressed as his famous Madea character because he was shooting a movie at the time. Lepley also appeared in the 2013 comedy \"Baggage Claim\" starring Paula Patton. In early 2016, Lepley booked the lead role of Jaxon in the made for television film, produced by Swirl Films \"Ringside\", directed by Russ Parr. The film premiered in September 2016 TV One. His costars included \"Everybody Hates Chris\" actor Tequan Richmond and R&B singer Sevyn Streeter. Tyler Lepley Tyler Lepley (born March 24, 1987) is an American actor, best known","Sebastian Roché Tombstones\" (2014), and \"We Love You, Sally Carmichael!\" (2017). He also starred in the Broadway plays \"Salome\" (1992) and \"The Green Bird\" (2000). Roché was born in Paris to a Scottish mother and a French father. He was named Sebastian Charles Edward after Jacobite pretender Charles Edward Stuart. From age 12 to 18, Roché lived on a sailboat with his parents and brothers, travelling to the Mediterranean, Africa, South America, and the Caribbean. He is multilingualable to speak English, French, Spanish and Italian fluently. Roché was educated at the Cours Florent in Paris and the , and also attended the","that the fourth episode of the season would be titled \"Devils You Know\", to be written by Paul Zbyszewski, with Ron Underwood directing. In October 2015, Marvel revealed that main cast members Clark Gregg, Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, Elizabeth Henstridge, Nick Blood, Adrianne Palicki, Henry Simmons, and Luke Mitchell would star as Phil Coulson, Melinda May, Grant Ward, Daisy Johnson, Leo Fitz, Jemma Simmons, Lance Hunter, Bobbi Morse, Alphonso \"Mack\" MacKenzie, and Lincoln Campbell, respectively. It was also revealed that the guest cast for the episode would include Blair Underwood as Andrew Garner, Constance Zimmer","24: Redemption Army responsible for genocide in Sangala, and Iké Dubaku (Hakeem Kae-Kazim), one of Juma's lieutenants in the coup. Zolile Nokwe plays Youssou Dubaku, Iké's younger brother. In Washington, Cherry Jones plays Allison Taylor, the first woman to be inaugurated President of the United States. Colm Feore plays Allison's husband and First Gentleman Henry Taylor. Eric Lively plays Roger Taylor, the First Son and son of Taylor, and appears alongside Carly Pope as his girlfriend, Samantha Roth, and Kris Lemche, who plays friend Chris Whitley. Among the antagonists in Washington are Jon Voight, who plays Jonas Hodges, a \"very serious villain\"","Hemlock Grove (TV series) in Oshawa at the Parkwood Estate; the opening scene of Season 1, Episode 1 is on Queen Street in Port Perry, Ontario. In March, Netflix announced that Famke Janssen and Bill Skarsgård would star in the series, Janssen as Olivia Godfrey and Skarsgård as her son, Roman Godfrey. In early April 2012, it was revealed that Peter Rumancek would be portrayed by Landon Liboiron. On April 4, Penelope Mitchell was cast as Roman's cousin, Letha Godfrey. Freya Tingley was cast as Christina Wendall on April 10. On April 12, Dougray Scott was announced as Dr. Norman Godfrey, Olivia's brother-in-law and","Spacey, directed by Sam Mendes. They performed over 200 times on three continents. The tour was followed by a documentary film crew, resulting in \"NOW: In the Wings on a World Stage\". In 2015, Stenhouse appeared as Alex O'Connor in the spy TV series \"Allegiance\". The same year, it was also announced that he would appear in the film \"Skybound\". In 2016, he appeared in \"San Junipero\", an episode of the anthology series \"Black Mirror\". Stenhouse will co-star in Freeform's \"Life-Size 2\" in December 2018 opposite Tyra Banks and Francia Raisa. Gavin Stenhouse Gavin Rees Stenhouse (born 4 April 1986)","Sebastian Croft Sebastian Theodore Kemble Croft (born 16 December 2001) is an English actor prominent for TV roles in \"Game of Thrones\" and \"Penny Dreadful\" and the feature films, \"Music, War and Love\" and \"Wonderwell\". Croft made his first West End stage appearance in 2010 in Sam Mendes' production of \"Oliver!\" (Theatre Royal Drury Lane). In 2011 he was cast as \"Gavroche\" in \"Les Misérables\" (Queen's Theatre). Croft was later hand picked by producer Cameron Mackintosh to return to \"Oliver!\" this time playing the title role in the U.K. touring company for eighteen months. In 2013 Croft played \"Tommy\" in","Dynasty (season 1) de la Fuente as Sam Jones, a gay male version of the original series' Sammy Jo Carrington, in March. The remaining main cast members are James Mackay as Fallon's gay brother Steven, and Alan Dale as Carrington majordomo Anders, Additional recurring performers include Nick Wechsler as Cristal's ex-lover Matthew Blaisdel, Brianna Brown as Matthew's wife Claudia, and Wakeema Hollis as Jeff's sister Monica Colby. In November 2017, Nicollette Sheridan was cast in the role of Blake's ex-wife Alexis Carrington. Other guest stars include Elena Tovar as Iris Machado, Cristal's sister and Sam's mother, Bill Smitrovich as Thomas Carrington, Blake's estranged","Bailey Chase Bailey Chase (born Bailey Chase Luetgert; May 1, 1972) is an American stage and television actor. Chase is known for his role as Butch Ada in the television series \"Saving Grace\", starring role as Graham Miller in \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\", and roles as Christopher \"Chris\" Robert Hughes (from 2003–2005) in the soap opera \"As the World Turns\" , Beckett 'Becks' Scott in \"Ugly Betty,\" Sean Everett in \"Damages\", and Deputy Branch Connally in A&E's crime thriller \"Longmire\". Chase has also starred in the thriller \"Summoned\" alongside Cuba Gooding, Jr.; \"Tao of Surfing\"; \"Sex, Death, & Bowling\"; and","History Channel's three-part fictional mini-series \"Sons of Liberty\". Barnes also starred with Katherine Heigl in the romantic drama \"Jackie & Ryan\". On 20 July 2015 it was announced that Barnes would replace Eion Bailey as Logan Delos in HBO's science fiction thriller \"Westworld\", the first season of which aired in the fall of 2016. In September 2016, Barnes was cast as Billy Russo in the Marvel Netflix series \"The Punisher\". Ben Barnes (actor) Benjamin Thomas Barnes (born 20 August 1981) is a British actor and singer. He is best known for his roles as Prince Caspian in \"The Chronicles of","\"Gossip Girl\" co-star Leighton Meester were reported to be in a relationship. Meester and Stan were reported to have broken up in 2010. In summer 2012, Stan and actress Jennifer Morrison met on the set of \"Once Upon a Time\" and dated for a year, breaking up in mid-2013. In 2014, Stan reportedly began dating actress Margarita Levieva, his co-star in the 2009 film \"Spread\". Sebastian Stan Sebastian Stan (born 13 August 1982) is a Romanian American actor. On television, he has played Carter Baizen in \"Gossip Girl\", Prince Jack Benjamin in \"Kings\", Jefferson in \"Once Upon a Time\", and","The Royals (TV series) star as the Grand Duchess of Oxford, Helena's mother. In June 2015, Laila Rouass was cast as Rani, the Deputy Prime Minister whom the actress calls \"Elizabeth Hurley's arch-enemy\". For season 2, Hatty Preston was replaced as Princess Maribel with Jerry-Jane Pears, the difference in their appearance explained by plastic surgery. In June 2016, Max Brown was cast as Prince Robert, the presumed-dead eldest son of Simon and Helena, and Jules Knight was cast as Spencer Koenigsberg, Helena's new Lord Chamberlain. Genevieve Gaunt, who played Liam's potential love interest Willow in season 2, was also promoted from recurring to series","Meet the New Boss (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) Gregg as Phil Coulson, Ming-Na Wen as Melinda May, Chloe Bennet as Daisy Johnson / Quake, Iain De Caestecker as Leo Fitz, Elizabeth Henstridge as Jemma Simmons, and Henry Simmons as Alphonso \"Mack\" MacKenzie would be starring in the episode. In addition to O'Mara, guest stars for the episode include Gabriel Luna as Robbie Reyes, Briana Venskus as Agent Piper, Nico David as boy, John Churchill as father, Adrian Quinonez as Ignacio, Jen Kuo Sung as Chen, Daniel Zacapa as Canelo, Lilli Birdsell as Lucy, Dan Donohue as Frederick, Ward Roberts as Hugo, Usman Ally as Vincent, Deren Tadlock as","Fab Filippo Fabrizio \"Fab\" Filippo (born November 30, 1973) is a Canadian actor. Filippo was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. His parents are first generation Italian immigrants (his mother is from Campora San Giovanni in Calabria). He briefly attended York University's Film & Video Programme in 1993. In 2006, Filippo married magazine editor Robin Payne, and together they have a son. His best-known roles include Scott Hope in \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\", violinist Ethan Gold in \"Queer as Folk\", Dom Ramone in \"Ready or Not\" and lawyer Sam Caponelli in \"Billable Hours\", as well as the films \"waydowntown\", \"The Life","the Year\" by the National Parents' Day Coalition. Hunter Gomez Hunter Gomez (born December 20, 1991) is an American actor. He is most widely recognized for his work in films and guest appearances in American television. Gomez was born in Mesa, Arizona. He began his entertainment career in 2003 at age 12. He has worked with actors including Nicolas Cage, Jon Voight, Christopher Plummer, Jessica Simpson, Jennifer Love Hewitt, James Belushi, Robert Picardo, Seth MacFarlane, Jodie Sweetin, David Henrie and most recently Sam Heughan. Gomez got his start playing the younger version of Nicolas Cage's character Benjamin Franklin Gates in","joined the cast of the Netflix drama series \"House of Cards\" for their second season. In 2017, he played the lead role in the Hallmark Channel film \"Royal New Year's Eve\" as Prince Jeffery. In 2014, Page wed fiancée Cassidy Boesch at a villa just outside Santa Barbara, California. Among Page's groomsmen was \"Mean Girls\" star and \"Dancing with the Stars\" cast-off Jonathan Bennett. On September 27, 2016, Sam announced the birth of their son, Logan. Samuel Page Samuel Page (born Samuel L. Elliott; November 5, 1976) is an American actor. He has appeared on popular television shows, such as","his first television role was in the EastEnders spin off Ricky & Bianca in 2002, before going on to appear in \"The Bill\", \"The Wild Life\", \"Where The Heart Is\", \"The Basil Brush Show\", \"Shane\" by Frank Skinner, \"Holby City\", \"Heartbeat\", Keen Eddie and was the voice of the Quizmaster for ITV's 24 Hour Quiz. He has also appeared in numerous theatre productions and several new plays by Tony award nominated playwright Bryony Lavery. Robert Shaw Cameron Robert Shaw Cameron (born 26 June 1976) is a British actor and director. Born Robert Shaw, he was brought up in Leeds, Yorkshire.","2018 it was announced that Menzies was cast to play Prince Philip in seasons 3 and 4 of \"The Crown\" TV series, opposite Olivia Colman as Queen Elizabeth II. Tobias Menzies Hanan Tobias Simpson Menzies (born 7 March, 1974) is an English stage, television and film actor. While working in theatre, he starred in television shows such as \"Rome\" (2005–2007) where he played Brutus and \"Game of Thrones\" (2013–2016) where he played Edmure Tully. He is probably best known for his dual role as Frank Randall and Jonathan \"Black Jack\" Randall in \"Outlander\" (2014–2018), for which he received a Golden","Rafael de la Fuente of Diego Forlán in the Nickelodeon Latin America fantasy series, ', which became a main role in the second season. In 2014, de la Fuente appeared as Coach Julio on \"Every Witch Way\", an English-language remake of '. In 2015 and 2016, de la Fuente appeared in the recurring role of Michael Sanchez, the boyfriend of Jamal Lyon, in the Fox musical prime time soap opera, \"Empire\". In 2017, he appeared as Cleve Jones' boyfriend Ricardo Canto in the ABC miniseries \"When We Rise\". In March 2017, de la Fuente was cast in The CW's \"Dynasty\" reboot as Sam Jones,","Emmett Skilton Emmett Skilton (born 23 September 1987), also credited as Emmett Couling Skilton, is a New Zealand-based actor, director and producer. His professional career began in 2005 with a role in the comedy television series \"Seven Periods with Mr Gormsby\" as Willem Van der Muren. His work includes the lead character Axl Johnson, in the comedy-drama, \"The Almighty Johnsons\", with his most recent on-camera roles as real-life figures Sam Giancana in US series \"\", and Victor Lownes in \"\". His most recent behind-the-scenes role is co-creating, directing and producing comedy web series \"Auckward Love\". Emmett was born in Wellington,","The Lumineers released, which included 5 bonus tracks, over 25 minutes of video footage, and a 28-page booklet. Several songs by the band were used in the television series \"Reign\". \"Scotland\", in particular, was used as the theme song for the series. \"Scotland\" is co-written by and features a performance from Jason \"Jay\" Van Dyke, who played sometimes with Schultz and Fraites before their move to Denver. Fraites and Schultz composed the music for \"The Hanging Tree\". \"The Hanging Tree\" is a song performed by James Newton Howard featuring vocals from American actress Jennifer Lawrence for the 2014 film \"\", the third","him in shape such as basketball, hiking, and cycling, as well as exercising in his home gym. Butler and actress Vanessa Hudgens have been dating since 2011. Butler performed a song on \"iCarly\" when he guest starred titled \"Whatever My Love\". Butler appeared in singles from the \"Ruby and the Rockits\" series. These singles were released through iTunes. Austin Butler Austin Robert Butler (born August 17, 1991) is an American actor and singer. He is known for his roles as James \"Wilke\" Wilkerson in \"Switched at Birth\", Jordan Gallagher on \"Ruby & The Rockits\", Sebastian Kydd in \"The Carrie Diaries\",","Reign (TV series) Reign was an American historical romantic drama television series following the early exploits of Mary, Queen of Scots. The series, created by Stephanie SenGupta and Laurie McCarthy, premiered on October 17, 2013, on The CW, and concluded after four seasons on June 16, 2017. The principal cast consists of North American, Australian, New Zealand and British actors. The highly fictionalized series follows the early exploits of Mary, Queen of Scots. The first season opens in 1557, with Mary living in a convent in France, but she quickly is returned to the castle where we learn she is","Reign (TV series) before March 1, 2013, and British newcomer Celina Sinden was cast as Mary's lady-in-waiting Greer on that date. Torrance Coombs was announced as having been cast as Sebastian, one of the leading characters, in March 2013. Sebastian is an original character created for the show, so Coombs didn't have as much research in preparation for the role, though he faced the challenge of changing his performance from that in \"The Tudors\", another historical TV series he'd been involved in. Alan Van Sprang, who was cast as Henry II of France, modeled his performance after Bill Clinton. In November 2013, Amy"],"string":"[\n \"Jonathan Rhys Meyers Jonathan Rhys Meyers (born Jonathan Michael Francis O'Keeffe; 27 July 1977) is an Irish actor. He is known for his roles in the films \\\"Velvet Goldmine\\\" (1998), \\\"Bend It Like Beckham\\\" (2002), \\\"Match Point\\\" (2005), \\\"\\\" (2006) and his television roles as Elvis Presley in the biographical miniseries \\\"Elvis\\\" (2005), which earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film, and as King Henry VIII in the historical drama \\\"The Tudors\\\" (2007–10). He has been the face model for several Hugo Boss fragrances advertising campaigns. In 2013, Meyers appeared as the villain\",\n \"Michael Byers (actor) Michael Byers is an actor from Northern Ireland, best known for his portrayal of Liam in \\\"The Basil Brush Show\\\". Having graduated from the University of St Andrews, his first television appearance was as Brendan Shepherd in \\\"Hollyoaks\\\", before playing a fairy named Storm in several episodes of \\\"The Mysti Show\\\" on CBBC. Michael was then cast as Liam in \\\"The Basil Brush Show\\\" in 2006, replacing Mr Stephen as the wise-cracking fox's loyal sidekick and flatmate. Making his debut at the start of the fifth series, he has appeared in 26 episodes of the BAFTA-nominated show\",\n \"Julian Morris its screening at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival. He also appeared in the Tom Cruise-starring \\\"Valkyrie\\\" and the Sugababes video \\\"Freak Like Me\\\". Morris next had a supporting role in the slasher film \\\"Sorority Row\\\" as Andy. In 2010, he played the recurring role of Agent Owen in \\\"24\\\". Morris was part of the main cast of the 2010 ABC documentary-style dramedy series \\\"My Generation\\\", playing \\\"The Rich Kid\\\" Anders Holt. Morris also starred in the teen drama \\\"Pretty Little Liars\\\" as Dr. Wren Kingston. In July 2012, Morris joined the ABC series \\\"Once Upon a Time\\\" as Prince Phillip.\",\n \"Henry Ian Cusick Henry Ian Cusick (born 17 April 1967) is a Scottish-Peruvian actor of television, film, and theatre and a television director. He is known for his role as Desmond Hume in the ABC television series \\\"Lost\\\", for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. He also starred in the ABC political thriller series \\\"Scandal\\\", as Stephen Finch, and is currently starring as Marcus Kane in The CW science fiction series \\\"The 100\\\". Cusick was born in Trujillo, Peru, to a Peruvian mother, Esperanza Chávez, and a Scottish father, Henry Joseph Cusick. When he was two, his family\",\n \"Devon Hamilton divorce with stipulation that she can't fire anyone for a year, to protect Mariah, whom Devon is now dating. Devon launches the \\\"Hamilton-Winters Group\\\" with Neil and they acquire \\\"Mergeron Enterprises\\\" from Dina Mergeron (Marla Adams). Devon signs Tessa Porter (Cait Fairbanks) to his new record label. Meanwhile, Devon's romance with Mariah is plagued by his struggle to move on from Hilary and they ultimately break up in November 2017. The character of Devon was created by the writers as a vehicle to explore the foster care system. Actress Victoria Rowell who portrayed Devon's adoptive mother Drucilla, had pitched the\",\n \"thanked on stage Bradley Bell, executive producer of the show; the writers, directors, and producers of the series; and co-star Don Diamont. Clifton is the first male actor to win Emmys in the Younger, Supporting, and Lead categories, and the second overall. Scott Clifton Scott Clifton Snyder (born October 31, 1984), better known as Scott Clifton, is an American actor, musician, and video blogger. He is best known for playing Dillon Quartermaine in \\\"General Hospital\\\" (2003–2007), Schuyler Joplin in \\\"One Life to Live\\\" (2009–2010), and Liam Spencer in \\\"The Bold and the Beautiful\\\" (2010–present). He has three Daytime Emmy Award\",\n \"Victoria. Tom Hudson (actor) Thomas “Tom” Hudson (born 2 October 1986 in Salford) is an English actor. Hudson played the roles of Baz Wainwright in \\\"Grange Hill\\\" between 2003 and 2007 and of Paul Clayton, son of Terry Duckworth, in \\\"Coronation Street\\\" between 2007 and 2008. Hudson left \\\"Coronation Street\\\" in May 2008. Other roles have included a part in the film \\\"Love + Hate\\\" and a small part as Jamie Coldwell in television series \\\"Casualty\\\". He also had parts in \\\"Knight School\\\", \\\"Heartbeat\\\" and \\\"The Royal\\\". In January 2008 Hudson announced his engagement to marry his girlfriend of two\",\n \"Hayden Byerly their lines along with them. He has one younger brother. Byerly began his acting career after winning first place in a national talent competition in Orlando, Florida. Shortly thereafter, he booked his very first audition, making his television debut in 2011 with a guest-starring role as Skunk, the scrappy leader of a misfit basketball team on the Disney XD comedy series \\\"Zeke and Luther\\\". That same year, he made his feature film debut with a starring role as Nathan Vales in the supernatural horror film \\\"11/11/11\\\". In 2012, Byerly began a recurring role on the NBC comedy-drama series \\\"Parenthood\\\" portraying\",\n \"Uriah Shelton Uriah Shelton (born March 10, 1997) is an American actor and singer. He is known for his television roles, such as playing Jeff Cargill on \\\"The Glades\\\", Josh on the web series \\\"Blue\\\", and Joshua Matthews on \\\"Girl Meets World\\\". Shelton was also the lead in the 2010 film \\\"Lifted\\\". Shelton was born in Dallas, Texas. When he was one month old, his family moved him to Magnolia Springs, Alabama, a small river community about 40 miles south of Mobile. Growing up, Shelton pursued interests in martial arts, piano, and soccer. At the age of 7, he took\",\n \"nor does it aspire to be. As a screenwriter, I take the responsibility of being the creator of a tale, of transforming these raw materials into a drama.\\\" Detroit (film) Detroit is a 2017 American period crime drama film directed by Kathryn Bigelow and written by Mark Boal. Based on The Algiers Motel Incident during Detroit's 1967 12th Street Riot, the film's release commemorated the 50th anniversary of the event. The film stars John Boyega, Will Poulter, Algee Smith, Jacob Latimore, Jason Mitchell, Hannah Murray, Kaitlyn Dever, Jack Reynor, Ben O'Toole, Nathan Davis Jr., Peyton Alex Smith, Malcolm David Kelley,\",\n \"Jason Done Jason Done (born 5 April 1973) is an English actor who appeared as Mordred in the 1998 TV miniseries \\\"Merlin\\\", opposite Sam Neill. However he is best known for his role as Stephen Snow in ITV drama \\\"Where The Heart Is\\\" from 1999 to 2001 and Tom Clarkson in the BBC drama \\\"Waterloo Road\\\" from 2006 to 2013. Jason appeared as Stephen Snow in the ITV drama series \\\"Where The Heart Is\\\", taking over the part in series 3 from William Ash, in 1999. Stephen Snow was the son of Peggy Snow (Pam Ferris) and Vic Snow (Tony\",\n \"The series debuted in the summer of 2015. He had a supporting role as Owen Thomas in Hallmark Original Movie \\\"Angel of Christmas\\\". In 2016, Bendavid had a leading role as Phillip in the Hallmark original movie \\\"Summer in the City\\\" premiering August 13 on Hallmark Channel, opposite Julianna Guill with Maria Sokoloff, Vivica A. Fox and Natasha Henstridge. In 2017, he played the role of Cliff Baskers in the Hallmark original movie \\\"A Rose for Christmas\\\" opposite Rachel Boston. Marc Bendavid Marc Bendavid (born June 10, 1982) is a Canadian film, television and stage actor. Bendavid was born in\",\n \"produced by Shonda Rhimes. From 2012 to 2015, Lauria had a recurring role as Ryan York, a veteran of the Afghanistan war, on the fourth, fifth and sixth seasons of the NBC family drama \\\"Parenthood\\\", reuniting with former \\\"Friday Night Lights\\\" showrunner Jason Katims. He also starred as Ryan Wheeler on the DirecTV drama series \\\"Kingdom\\\" which premiered on the Audience Network in the fall of 2014. In 2019, he will appear opposite Gina Rodriguez and Ismael Cruz Córdova in \\\"Miss Bala\\\", directed by Catherine Hardwicke. and \\\"Shaft\\\", directed by Tim Story. Matt Lauria Matthew \\\"Matt\\\" Lauria (born August 16,\",\n \"first, during Sheridan's dream state on Z'ha'dum, then when Lorien departs the galaxy with the remaining First Ones at the end of the Shadow War, and finally, when he returns to Coriana 6 at the time of Sheridan's death. Lorien (Babylon 5) Lorien is a fictional character from the universe of the science fiction television series \\\"Babylon 5\\\". He appears at the start of season four and again in the last episode of the show. The character Lorien is played by Wayne Alexander. Alexander was also seen in \\\"Babylon 5\\\" as Mr. Sebastian from the second season episode \\\"Comes the\",\n \"Wyatt Russell Wyatt Hawn Russell (born July 10, 1986) is an American actor and former ice hockey player. Russell was born in Los Angeles, California, to actors Kurt Russell and Goldie Hawn. He has three older half-siblings: actors Oliver and Kate Hudson, from his mother's previous marriage to actor and musician Bill Hudson, and Boston Russell, from his father's previous marriage to actress and singer Season Hubley. He is a grandson of actor Bing Russell. He is of Hungarian Jewish (from his maternal grandmother), German, English, Scottish and Irish descent. Russell played for numerous amateur and pro hockey teams as\",\n \"of 100, based on 9 critics, indicating \\\"generally unfavorable reviews\\\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \\\"C–\\\" on an A+ to F scale. Incarnate (film) Incarnate is a 2016 American supernatural horror film directed by Brad Peyton and written by Ronnie Christensen. It stars Aaron Eckhart, Carice van Houten, Catalina Sandino Moreno, David Mazouz, Keir O'Donnell, Matt Nable, and John Pirruccello. The film was released on December 2, 2016, by Blumhouse Tilt and High Top Releasing. An 11-year-old boy named Cameron Sparrow is attacked by a hooded stranger who tries to kill him. However, Cameron\",\n \"Beckham, Elton John, and Denis Leary. Hurley grew up in Gloucester, with his mother and her then spouse, business tycoon Arun Nayar. Hurley and his mother then lived part-time in Australia due to Elizabeth's relationship with Australian cricket player Shane Warne. Damian Hurley Damian Charles Hurley (born 4 April 2002) is an English actor and model. He is the son of actress Elizabeth Hurley and American businessman Steve Bing. Hurley portrayed Prince Hansel von Liechtenstein in a December 2016 episode of the E! television series \\\"The Royals\\\", which stars his mother as the Queen of England. He reprised his role\",\n \"Aaron Tveit Aaron Kyle Tveit (; born October 21, 1983) is an American actor and singer. He is known for originating the roles of Gabe in \\\"Next to Normal\\\" and Frank Abagnale Jr. in the stage version of \\\"Catch Me If You Can\\\" on Broadway. He is also known for his recurring role as Tripp van der Bilt on The CW's teen drama series \\\"Gossip Girl,\\\" his portrayal of Enjolras in the 2012 film adaptation of \\\"Les Misérables\\\", as Mike Warren on the USA Network series \\\"Graceland,\\\" and as Danny Zuko in \\\".\\\" Tveit also starred in the CBS series\",\n \"Craig Vye Craig Vye (born 19 July 1983), is an English actor, best known for his role as Ethan Scott in teen soap opera \\\"Hollyoaks\\\". Craig was born in Hertfordshire, England. Vye trained at RADA, graduating in 2005. He was a member of the Big Spirit Youth Theatre starring in various roles such as Rosencrantz in Hamlet, Demetrius in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Eiliff in Mother Courage, Augustus in The Importance of Being Ernest, Ralph in The Lord of the Flies. Craig and his wife Amber got married in May 2009, Amber is a principal at a theatre arts school.\",\n \"Janet King (TV series) Campbell) and Peter Kowitz (Tony Gillies), as well as, \\\"Janet King\\\" season one cast members, Damian Walshe-Howling (Owen Mitchell) and Terry Serio (Terry Renner). New faces include Leah Purcell, Philip Quast, Anita Hegh, Aaron Jeffery, Genevieve Hegney, Nicholas Hope and Ewen Leslie. Dusseldorp, Michael, Demetriades, Morris, Kowitz, Walshe-Howling, Hegh all returned for the third series. Joining them was Don Hany, Robert Mammone, Susie Porter, Andrew Ryan, Huw Higginson, Steve Le Marquand, Arka Das, Adam Demos, Geraldine Viswanathan and Zoe Terakes. John Bach was cast as Janet's estranged father Graham King. Todd Lasance reprised his \\\"Crownies\\\" role of Ben McMahon. The\",\n \"The Demon's Head breaking a story, of starting with a story document, then an outline, and then a draft; it was informative\\\" Morena Baccarin, Camren Bicondova, Jessica Lucas, Chris Chalk and Drew Powell don't appear in the episode as their respective characters. Baccarin, Bicondova, Lucas and Chalk receive credit only, while Powell is uncredited In September 2017, it was announced that the guest cast for the episode would include Dakin Matthews as Niles Winthrop, Benjamin Stockham as Alex Winthrop, Nathan Darrow as Mr. Freeze, Anthony Carrigan as Victor Zsasz, and Kelcy Griffin as Detective Harper. The episode was watched by 2.75 million viewers\",\n \"Regional Entertainment Centre on 25 July and at the community concert the next evening, again playing to a full house. Mingay joined the cast of \\\"Home and Away\\\" as Trystan Powell in 2015. Mingay has performed at several concerts including the charity benefit Pants Off for Beyond Blue, a concert involving several performers each singing in their underwear. Television Ben Mingay Ben Mingay is an Australian actor and singer, perhaps best known for having played Buzz Graham in the series \\\" Packed to the Rafters\\\" and Rob Duffy in \\\"Wonderland\\\". He played the role of Billy in the stage version\",\n \"Nigel Lindsay Nigel Lindsay (London, 17 January 1969) is an English stage and screen actor, best known on television for his roles as Sir Robert Peel in the first two seasons of Victoria, Jo Jo Marshall in the Netflix series Safe and as Barry in the BAFTA winning Chris Morris film \\\"Four Lions\\\" for which he was nominated for Best British Comedy Performance in Film at the 2011 British Comedy Awards On stage, he was Olivier nominated in 2012 for his performance in the title role in the original West End run of \\\"Shrek the Musical\\\" at the Theatre Royal\",\n \"Lars Mikkelsen Lars Dittmann Mikkelsen (born ) is a Danish actor. He has played Copenhagen mayoral election candidate Troels Hartmann in the drama series \\\"The Killing\\\", Charles Augustus Magnussen, the primary villain in the third series of \\\"Sherlock\\\", the Russian President Viktor Petrov in \\\"House of Cards\\\" on Netflix, and Grand Admiral Thrawn in \\\"Star Wars Rebels\\\". He is the older brother of actor Mads Mikkelsen. In 2011 he won the Reumert Prize of honour. Mikkelsen was born in Gladsaxe near Copenhagen. After secondary school he enrolled for military service in the Royal Danish Army. He then studied biology at\",\n \"Diviner in its native language) with Hydra, wishing to kill Coulson, \\\"and everyone else\\\". In October 2014, Marvel announced that the fifth episode of the season would be titled \\\"A Hen in the Wolf House\\\", to be written by Brent Fletcher, with Holly Dale directing. In October 2014, Marvel revealed that main cast members Clark Gregg, Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, Elizabeth Henstridge, and Nick Blood would star as Phil Coulson, Melinda May, Grant Ward, Skye, Leo Fitz, Jemma Simmons, and Lance Hunter, respectively. It was also revealed that the guest cast for the episode would\",\n \"The Next Step (2013 TV series) Due to the attendance number in the past six malls, \\\"Family Channel\\\" announced that they had moved the event in the Kingsway Mall from inside to the parking lot. The cast of \\\"The Next Step\\\" went on a third tour during 2016. The tour will visit Canada, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Australia, New Zealand, England and Ireland. It will be the first international tour by the cast. Not all the cast are going on the tour. Only Victoria Baldesarra (Michelle), Trevor Tordjman (James), Jordan Clark (Giselle), Taveeta Szymanowicz (Thalia), Isaac Lupien (Eldon), Lamar Johnson (West), Myles Erlick (Noah), and Briar Nolet\",\n \"Joshua Rush Joshua Rush (born ) is an American actor. Rush began his career as a child actor playing roles such as Turner in the 2012 film \\\"Parental Guidance\\\", and young versions of the characters Sylar and Chuck Bartowski on the television series \\\"Heroes\\\" and \\\"Chuck\\\", respectively. Since 2016 he has voiced Bunga on the Disney Junior television series \\\"The Lion Guard\\\", and since 2017 he has starred as Cyrus Goodman on the Disney Channel television series \\\"Andi Mack\\\". Rush was ten months old when he first appeared in a local television special, and then several ads and catalogs shortly\",\n \"Christopher Guard Christopher Guard (born 5 December 1953) is an English actor. Guard was born in Hammersmith, London. Educated at Latymer Upper School, he was a member of the National Theatre aged 20. He has appeared in \\\"Vienna 1900\\\" (1973), \\\"Memoirs of a Survivor\\\" and \\\"Return to Treasure Island\\\" (1986). His roles on television include the young David Copperfield in the BBC's 1966 TV serial adaptation, Marcellus in the BBC adaptation of \\\"I, Claudius\\\", Ferdinand in the BBC Shakespeare production of \\\"The Tempest\\\" (opposite his cousin Pippa as Miranda), Ken Hodges in the medical drama \\\"Casualty\\\" and Bellboy in the\",\n \"Emmett James Emmett James is a British actor from Croydon, South London Emmett James Humphries was born on 4 February 1972. He is the second son of Richard and Kathryn Humphries. His father was a music journalist for fleet street in the 1960s during the height on the \\\"British Invasion\\\". He has an older brother Cymon Humphries and a younger brother Matthew Humphries, along with three sisters Amy, Georgina and Lucy. He was named after a character on the American TV show \\\"The Virginian\\\" Deputy Sheriff Emmett Ryker played by actor Clu Gulager. His youth growing up in London as\",\n \"on pay television channel Fox8, Fridays at 9:30PM. The Seven Network's primary free-to-air channel aired the first season during late night. Teen Wolf (2011 TV series) Teen Wolf is an American television series developed by Jeff Davis for MTV. It is loosely based on the 1985 film of the same name, and stars Tyler Posey as a teenager named Scott McCall, who is bitten by a werewolf and must cope with how it affects his life and the lives of those closest to him, and Dylan O'Brien as \\\"Stiles\\\" Stilinski, Scott's best friend. The series has received generally positive reviews\",\n \"Isabel (TV series) The film will focus on the aftermath of Queen Isabella's death. Jordi Frades, director of the series, will also direct the film, and Rodolfo Sancho (as King Ferdinand), Irene Escolar (as Joanna the Mad), Raúl Merida (as Philip the Handsome) and Eusebio Poncela (as Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros) will reprise their roles. The film will serve as the link between \\\"Isabel\\\" and new series \\\"Carlos, rey emperador\\\", which is based upon the reign of Charles I, Isabella's grandson. Michelle Jenner and Eusebio Poncela reprised the roles of Isabella I of Castile and Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros respectively in the \\\"El\",\n \"The King's Messengers The King’s Messengers is an American Teen drama mini-series produced by Crystal Creek Media that premiered on Amazon Prime. It centers on Anwaar Osem (Christopher Veldhuizen) and David Sutherland (Daniel Knudsen), two refugees trying to survive in the fictional war-torn country of Zanora. The series was awarded a Dove seal of family approval from the Dove Foundation. Anwaar’s parents were killed during an air raid led by forces fighting for political control of Zanora. He flees to the northern forrest to escape a corrupt regime as well as the dangerous Resistance Army. While hiding out and surviving\",\n \"The Magical Place Hooks directing. In December 2014, Marvel revealed that main cast members Clark Gregg, Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge would star as Phil Coulson, Melinda May, Grant Ward, Skye, Leo Fitz, and Jemma Simmons, respectively. It was also revealed that the guest cast for the episode would include Saffron Burrows as Agent Victoria Hand, Ron Glass as Dr. Streiten, Ruth Negga as Raina, Rob Huebel as Lloyd Rathman, Aiden Turner as Vanchat, Felisha Terrell as Emily Deville, Cullen Douglas as Po. Burrows, Glass, Negga, and Douglas reprise their roles from earlier in the series.\",\n \"on BBC Radio 4 from 2010 to 2013. In 2011 Latham joined the cast of the BBC soap opera \\\"EastEnders\\\", playing Rob Grayson, a pimp in a controversial sex exploitation storyline. In 2013, Latham starred in the popular BBC school-based drama series, \\\"Waterloo Road\\\", as Steve-O Malone. No offence 2016 Jody Latham Jody Lee Latham (born 1 January 1982) is an English actor, best known for his roles as Phillip \\\"Lip\\\" Gallagher in the British Channel 4 comedy drama series \\\"Shameless\\\", Calum McKenzie in the ITV series \\\"The Fixer\\\" and Rob Grayson in the BBC soap opera \\\"EastEnders\\\". He has\",\n \"of the series \\\"Supernatural\\\" in 2017. He plays Isaac Bancroft in Netflix's popular dystopic series \\\"Altered Carbon\\\". Antonio Marziale Antonio Marziale (born April 5, 1997) is a Canadian actor, best known for playing Elliott in the original Netflix movie \\\"Alex Strangelove\\\". He also portrays the character of Benicio in Brian Jordan Alvarez's popular YouTube series, \\\"The Gay and Wondrous Life of Caleb Gallo\\\". Antonio Marziale was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His father is Italian and his mother is from Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He attended The American School in Switzerland and attended Carnegie Mellon University when he was 16 years old.\",\n \"Mathew Valencia Mathew Valencia (born December 12, 1983) is an American actor and voice actor. Valencia was born in Fontana, California. His father is a California Highway Patrol officer and his younger brother Joseph Ashton is also a voice actor. In high school, Valencia was an honor roll student, a starter on the soccer team, captain of the track and cross country team, and participated in the 2001 Rose Parade with his high school marching band, in which he played trombone. Valencia married Marnica Ibuna and they have two sons together, Rigel and Rowan. They reside in Diamond Bar. Valencia\",\n \"series aired in 2015. In 2015, Wight originated the title role in the play \\\"McQueen\\\" at the St. James Theatre, London. In 2016, he voiced Ludovico in Hattie Naylor's adaptation of \\\"The Mysteries of Udolpho\\\", broadcast on BBC Radio 4. Stephen Wight Stephen Gray (born 27 February 1980), known professionally as Stephen Wight, is an English actor. He received a Laurence Olivier Award for Best Newcomer in a Play nomination for his performance in the 2007 production of \\\"Dealer's Choice\\\". Wight's television career dates back to 2003 with a minor part in \\\"Casualty\\\". He is best known for his role\",\n \"Adam Scott (actor) Adam Paul Scott (born April 3, 1973) is an American actor, comedian, producer, and podcaster. He is known for his role as Ben Wyatt in the NBC sitcom \\\"Parks and Recreation\\\". He has also appeared as Derek in the film \\\"Step Brothers\\\", Johnny Meyer in \\\"The Aviator\\\", Henry Pollard in the Starz sitcom \\\"Party Down\\\", Ed Mackenzie in the HBO series \\\"Big Little Lies\\\" and Trevor in the NBC series \\\"The Good Place\\\". Scott was born in Santa Cruz, California, to Anne (born Quartararo) and Simon Dougald Scott, both of whom are retired teachers. He is of\",\n \"Jason Ritter Jason Ritter (born February 17, 1980) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Kevin Girardi in the television series \\\"Joan of Arcadia\\\", Ethan Haas in \\\"The Class\\\", Sean Walker in the NBC series \\\"The Event\\\", and as the voice of Dipper Pines in \\\"Gravity Falls\\\". He also played the recurring role of Mark Cyr in the NBC television series \\\"Parenthood\\\", for which he received an Emmy Award nomination. In 2017, he starred in the TV comedy series \\\"Kevin (Probably) Saves the World\\\". Ritter was born on February 17, 1980 in Los Angeles, California, to\",\n \"Lorenzo Lamas Lorenzo Fernando Lamas (born January 20, 1958) is an American actor and martial artist. He is known for playing Lance Cumson, the irresponsible grandson of Angela Channing (played by Jane Wyman) on the 1980s soap opera \\\"Falcon Crest\\\" (Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film). During and after \\\"Falcon Crest\\\", he and Ana Alicia, who played his wife in the series have remained close friends. He later went on to play Reno Raines on the 1990s crime drama \\\"Renegade\\\", and Hector Ramirez on the daytime soap opera \\\"The Bold and the\",\n \"Pete Correale Peter M. Correale (born April 20, 1970 in Oakdale, New York) is an American actor, broadcaster stand up comedian, and writer. He currently co-hosts \\\"The Pete and Sebastian Show\\\" with fellow comedian Sebastian Maniscalco that airs weekly on SiriusXM and as a separate podcast. In addition, he was a writer and occasional performer on the CBS sitcom \\\"Kevin Can Wait\\\". Pete Correale was born and raised in Long Island, New York. He graduated from SUNY Fredonia in 1992 with a degree in communication, and also played on the school basketball team. During this time, he took a drama\",\n \"Jake Weary Jacob \\\"Jake\\\" Weary (born February 14, 1990) is an American actor, musician, singer-songwriter and music producer. He is best known for his roles as Luke Snyder on the CBS soap opera \\\"As the World Turns\\\", Vince Keeler in NBC's action-drama series \\\"Chicago Fire\\\", and for his role as Kevin in \\\"\\\" (2010) and its two sequels and television adaptation, Nickelodeon's \\\"\\\". He currently stars as Deran Cody in the TNT drama series \\\"Animal Kingdom\\\", based on the Australian film of the same name. Weary initially made a guest appearance on the long-running CBS soap opera \\\"Guiding Light\\\" in\",\n \"The Trust (film) The Trust is a 2016 American crime film directed by Alex Brewer and Ben Brewer and written by Ben Brewer and Adam Hirsch. The film stars Nicolas Cage, Elijah Wood, Sky Ferreira, Jerry Lewis, Kevin Weisman and Steven Williams. The film was released on DirecTV on April 14, 2016, before being released on video on demand and in theaters on May 13, 2016, by Saban Films. Although \\\"Max Rose\\\" was released after \\\"The Trust\\\", this film marks the last role that Jerry Lewis filmed before his death in 2017. Young police Sergeant David Waters and his older\",\n \"Jason Dolley Jason Scott Dolley (born July 5, 1991) is an American actor and musician, known for his roles in Disney Channel shows and movies. These include Newton \\\"Newt\\\" Livingston III on \\\"Cory in the House\\\", Virgil Fox in \\\"Minutemen\\\", Connor Kennedy in \\\"Read It and Weep\\\", Pete Ivey in \\\"Hatching Pete\\\", and PJ Duncan on \\\"Good Luck Charlie\\\". Jason Scott Dolley was born in Los Angeles, California, on July 5, 1991. Dolley gained his first stage experience at 11 when he and one of his brothers performed the Abbott and Costello \\\"Who's on First\\\" routine in a school talent\",\n \"The Royal Family (TV series) chronicled the lives of Atlanta mail carrier Alexander Alphonso \\\"Al\\\" Royal (Redd Foxx) and his wife Victoria (Della Reese), who were anticipating peaceful retirement years until marital problems brought an extended visit from their daughter Elizabeth (Mariann Aalda) and her three children: Kim (Sylver Gregory), Curtis (Larenz Tate) and Hillary (Naya Rivera). \\\"The Royal Family\\\" was intended as a comeback vehicle for Foxx, who had not had a successful television series since the cancellation of \\\"Sanford and Son\\\" in 1977. Ratings for the early episodes were high. On October 11, 1991 Foxx suffered a massive heart attack while rehearsing. Joshua\",\n \"in which he played the title role, 2002's \\\"Race to Space\\\", which received a minor theatrical release, and 2003's Hanukkah-themed made-for-television Disney Channel film \\\"Full-Court Miracle\\\", in which he played the lead player in a Jewish school's basketball team. Linz appeared in the comedy \\\"The Amateurs\\\", starring Jeff Bridges. He appeared in the 2007 short \\\"Order Up\\\" as a busboy. His most recent credit is in the political film \\\"Choose Connor\\\" as Owen Norris, alongside Steven Weber. Alex D. Linz Alexander David Linz (born January 3, 1989) is an American former actor who starred in several late 1990s and early\",\n \"Sebastian de Souza School in Berkshire and at St Edward's School, Oxford, where he completed A-levels in English, History and Philosophy. During school age he also followed the acting workshops at the Watermill Theatre, near Newbury. Since 2010 he's a member of the National Youth Theatre. After a brief appearance in Nick Ross's documentary series \\\"The Truth About Crime\\\", de Souza got his break on television at the age of 17, when he was cast as Matty Levan in the fifth and sixth instalment of cult drama \\\"Skins\\\". In 2012, he joined the cast of historical drama \\\"The Borgias\\\", created by Neil Jordan\",\n \"Bonnie Dennison Bonnie Dennison (born February 15, 1989) is an American actress. She was born in New York City. From 2002–05, she played Emily Yokas on the NBC television show \\\"Third Watch\\\". In 2007, she joined the cast of the long-running CBS daytime drama \\\"Guiding Light\\\" in the role of Susan \\\"Daisy\\\" Lemay, a role she continued to portray until the end of \\\"Guiding Light's\\\" broadcast run in 2009. In 2009, she made a guest appearance in the \\\"Ugly Betty\\\" episode \\\"Backseat Betty\\\", portraying Ava, a cheerleader at school with Justin. In 2010, she appeared in the movie \\\"Stake Land\\\".\",\n \"Andrew Beck Andrew Beck is a media consultant, public relations specialist and actor based in the United Kingdom. At 17, he was one of the youngest to be accepted into The Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute in London and received a scholarship from Anna Strasberg herself. At 19 he co-starred in Cold Light of Day, a British film which went on to win the Critics Award at the Venice Film Festival in 1990. He has appeared in numerous television programmes on UK television, including EastEnders, The Bill and Beech is Back. In 2001 he played the part of Stuart in Sandra\",\n \"Bell), Trevor in \\\"Aphrodite Blugs\\\" (at New End Theatre, Hampstead), Ben in \\\"Stroke Me\\\" (at Finborough Theatre, Earls Court), Colin in \\\"Saved\\\" (at Octagon Theatre, Bolton), Romeo in \\\"Romeo and Juliet\\\" (Stafford Gatehouse Theatre) and Morton in \\\"An Enemy of the People\\\" (at Playhouse Theatre). Pickard is currently unmarried. John Pickard (British actor) John Pickard is a British actor, best known for playing 'David Porter' in the BBC One 1991 TV series \\\"2point4 Children\\\" and playing Dominic Reilly (brother of Tony Hutchinson, played by Pickard's own brother Nick Pickard) in Channel 4's \\\"Hollyoaks\\\". He trained at the Sylvia Young Theatre\",\n \"EXposed know each other, so what's going to happen now?\\\" In February 2017, Blair Redford was cast, later confirmed as John Proudstar / Thunderbird; Jamie Chung was cast as Clarice Fong / Blink, Stephen Moyer was cast as Reed Strucker; and Sean Teale was cast as Marcos Diaz / Eclipse. The next month, Natalie Alyn Lind joined as Lauren Strucker; Amy Acker was cast as Caitlin Strucker; Emma Dumont as Lorna Dane / Polaris; Percy Hynes White as Andy Strucker; and Coby Bell as Jace Turner. The guest cast for the episode was revealed in September 2017, including Joe Nenners as\",\n \"Avan Jogia child, and returns to confront the psychologist whose expert witness testimony he believes was responsible for his conviction. Jogia starred in the comedy film \\\"The Outcasts\\\", alongside lead actress Victoria Justice. Later, Jogia appeared in \\\"The Year of Spectacular Men\\\", a film directed by Lea Thompson. Thompson is the mother of Zoey Deutch, who also appears in the film opposite Jogia. He played Sebastian, the \\\"loving boyfriend\\\" of a movie star (Deutch). Followed by, \\\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\\\", a contemporary film adaption of the comedy of the same name written by William Shakespeare. Jogia starred in Syfy's 13-episode series titled\",\n \"\\\"Jericho Mansions\\\", \\\"Max Payne\\\" and \\\"Pawn Sacrifice\\\". He was the male lead in the 2004 horror film \\\"Eternal\\\". In 2009, Pla was the writer and director for \\\"Burning Mussolini\\\", in which he also acted opposite his friend and \\\"ReGenesis\\\" co-star Peter Outerbridge. In 2013, he had a supporting role in the film \\\"Riddick\\\" as Vargas. He also played the main antagonist of , Governor Laureano de Torres y Ayala. He also played the voicing of Jackal in Rainbow Six Siege. Conrad Pla Conrad Pla (born October 24, 1966) is a Canadian actor and former professional kickboxer. He is probably best\",\n \"David Mackenzie (director) \\\"Damnation\\\" was picked up to series by the USA Network in May 2017 and will be released by Netflix outside of the USA. In 2018 Mackenzie's tenth feature, \\\"Outlaw King\\\" starring Chris Pine, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Florence Pugh and Billy Howle, was released on Netflix. The film tells the true David and Goliath story of Scottish king Robert the Bruce as he fights to repel the occupying English army. The film is produced by Gillian Berrie and Sigma Films. Mackenzie lives in Scotland with his partner Hazel Mall and their three children: Ferosa, Luke and Arthur. His father was Royal Navy\",\n \"wife and child and they live mainly between Copenhagen and her family's farm in the south of Norway. Campbell is a rugby enthusiast, having played rugby with the Virginia Rugby Football Club, Chicago Lions RFC and the Santa Monica Rugby Club. Campbell has \\\"permanent resident\\\" immigration status in Canada, with an apartment in Vancouver, British Columbia. Billy Campbell William Oliver Campbell (born July 7, 1959) is an American film and television actor. He first gained recognition for his recurring role as Luke Fuller in the TV series \\\"Dynasty\\\". Since then, he became known for playing Rick Sammler on \\\"Once and\",\n \"is most known for the leading roles in the long running soap opera Generations as Archie Moroka—and on ETV soap opera Scandal! as popular villain, Lucas \\\"Daniel\\\" Nyathi. Currently, he stars as the flamboyant Kgosietsile in Mzansi Magic's TV drama (telenovela), The Queen and as a corrupt career-politician, Rolex Ngidi in Mzansi Magic's Rockville. Sello Maake Ka-Ncube Sello Maake Ka-Ncube, born Sello Maake in 1960 (He subsequently changed to Maake Ka-Ncube in honour of his stepfather who raised him) is one of South Africa's most esteemed actors and voice actors, having performed in theatre, film and television both in his\",\n \"Erica Hubbard Erica Hubbard (born January 2, 1979) is an American actress and model. Hubbard is best known for her roles as Kiana Anderson in 2006's \\\"Akeelah and the Bee\\\", Cassandra \\\"Cassie\\\" Sutton on the ABC Family series \\\"Lincoln Heights\\\" and Kita Whitmore on \\\"Let's Stay Together\\\" on the BET network. She is also the voice of Abbey for the TV series \\\"The Replacements\\\". She created \\\"The Erica Hubbard Foundation\\\" to help youth in at-risk communities. Born and raised in Chicago, Hubbard knew at the age of nine that she wanted to be an actress, after she performed in her\",\n \"School in Carmel, New York and then at The Harlem School of the Arts under Aubrey Lynch, former \\\"Lion King\\\" producer. Caleb McLaughlin Caleb McLaughlin (born October 13, 2001) is an American actor. He began his career on the Broadway stage as Young Simba in the musical \\\"The Lion King\\\". He plays Lucas Sinclair in the Netflix series \\\"Stranger Things\\\". In 2017, McLaughlin appeared in the BET miniseries \\\"The New Edition Story\\\" as Ricky Bell. McLaughlin grew up in Carmel, a small town in suburban New York. He attended Kent Primary School and later attended George Fischer Middle School for\",\n \"Better to Reign in Hell... can't deal with this on an emotional and psychological level right now.\\\" On June 20, 2016, Jamie Chung was cast as Valerie Vale, with the role being described as \\\"a crackerjack reporter dead set on uncovering the truth behind Indian Hill. Confident and dogged, she will do anything to get the scoop, and soon sets her sights on Gordon, who she believes is the key lead in her story.\\\" The note also revealed that the character is the aunt of fellow comic book character Vicki Vale. 3 days later, James Carpinello was cast as Mario Falcone, son of Carmine Falcone,\",\n \"Scott Taylor (actor) Scott Anthony Taylor (born 6 October 1982 in Manchester) is an English actor. Taylor's acting career started at the age of 17 with a role in the 2000 Christmas special of ITV1's \\\"Heartbeat\\\" of which \\\"The Royal\\\" is a spin-off. He played Noel Stringer, the bank manager's son, who was kidnapped. An appearance in three episodes of \\\"Coronation Street\\\" followed where he played university student Stuart Fergus, a school friend of Todd Grimshaw, who encouraged Todd to become a student. Taylor soon moved to Birmingham to play Tom Bradley, a paranoid schizophrenic, in the BBC daytime soap\",\n \"Street. Mawle had a lead role in the horror film \\\"The Hallow\\\". Joseph Mawle Joseph Daniel Turner Mawle (born 21 March 1974) is an English actor. Mawle is best known for his roles as Benjen Stark in \\\"Game of Thrones\\\", Detective Inspector Jedediah Shine in \\\"Ripper Street\\\", Firebrace in \\\"Birdsong\\\", Jesus Christ in \\\"The Passion\\\" and Odysseus in \\\"\\\". Mawle was born in Oxford. He grew up in a Victorian manor house on a farm outside Shipston-on-Stour, Warwickshire. He is one of three children from a family with a history of nine generations of farming in Warwickshire. His mother was\",\n \"Star (TV series) war with each other. In August 2015, Fox announced it had ordered a pilot for a potential new musical drama series titled \\\"Star\\\" from \\\"Empire\\\"-creator Lee Daniels about three girls forming a girl group. In October that same year, casting for the series began. It was revealed that the series would feature a transgender character. On December 7, 2015, it was announced that Queen Latifah had joined the cast as Carlotta, Jude Demorest as Star, Brittany O'Grady as Simone and Ryan Destiny as Alexandra and Amiyah Scott as Cotton. On December 11, 2015, it was confirmed that Benjamin Bratt has\",\n \"2013, it was reported that they had filed for divorce. The divorce was finalized in December 2013. Wesley lived in Atlanta, Georgia, while filming \\\"The Vampire Diaries\\\" and the rest of the time with his then-wife Torrey DeVitto in Los Angeles, California. He sold his Los Angeles residence after his divorce at the end of 2013. Paul Wesley Paweł Tomasz Wasilewski (; born July 23, 1982), known professionally as Paul Wesley and formerly as Paul Wasilewski, is an American actor, director, and producer. He is best known for his roles as Aaron Corbett in the miniseries \\\"Fallen\\\", Stefan Salvatore on\",\n \"Other cast members include Sam Adegoke as Jeff, Robert Christopher Riley as Blake's chauffeur Michael, James Mackay as Steven, Rafael de la Fuente as Sam Jones, a gay male version of Sammy Jo, Alan Dale as Carrington majordomo Anders, Nick Wechsler as Matthew Blaisdel, Brianna Brown as Claudia, Wakeema Hollis as Jeff's sister Monica Colby, and Nicollette Sheridan as Alexis. The new \\\"Dynasty\\\" premiered in the US on October 11, 2017. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on October 12, 2018. Dynasty (1981 TV series) Dynasty is an American prime time\",\n \"Kyle Harrison Breitkopf Kyle Harrison Breitkopf (born July 13, 2005) is a Canadian actor who portrayed Barker Simmons in the 2012 comedy film \\\"Parental Guidance\\\". In 2015, Breitkopf starred as Henry Bennigan on the ABC series \\\"The Whispers\\\", which premiered during the 2014–15 TV season. In 2011, Breitkopf appeared as Nathan Cross in the television series \\\"Rookie Blue\\\". That same year, he appeared as Mikey Patterson in the television series \\\"Against The Wall\\\". In 2013, he guest starred in the TV series \\\"Saving Hope\\\", which he played the role of Ryan. He also plays Isaac Waite, the son of a\",\n \"due to begin taping in late August and expected to begin appearing by early 2017. In December 2016, it was reported that Lamon Archey, known for his portrayal of Mason Wilder on \\\"The Young and the Restless\\\" had been cast in a role and would debut in early 2017. Archey had previously appeared on \\\"Days of Our Lives\\\" in an \\\"under-five\\\" role which he says lead to his casting on \\\"The Young and the Restless\\\". Seaforth Hayes announced the casting on December 11, 2016, and revealed he would portray the role of Eli Grant. Archey's debut was slated for February\",\n \"Scott Porter not picked up by the network. BuddyTV ranked him #10 on its \\\"TV's 100 Sexiest Men of 2010\\\" list and #34 in 2011. Porter played a lawyer in the medical dramedy series \\\"Hart of Dixie\\\" alongside Rachel Bilson. The series debuted on The CW in September 2011. In 2013, he debuted in the second season of the hugely popular video game series of \\\"\\\" by Telltale Games as Luke, one of the main characters in the series. Porter also voiced another main character, Lukas, in \\\"Minecraft Story Mode\\\" by Telltale Games and Mojang. In 2017, Porter portrayed Colton \\\"Colt\\\" Cruise\",\n \"again. In 2013, he appeared in \\\"Q\\\". He made his acting debut in 2015 by guest-starring in an episode of \\\"K.C. Undercover\\\" as a football dude. In the same year, he landed the recurring role of Todd Stetson in another television series Liv and Maddie. In early 2017, he was cast in a film called \\\"Rodeo\\\" as Colton which he confirmed on Instagram in September. In late 2017, Swickard was cast in the soap opera \\\"General Hospital\\\" as Harrison Chase. He debuted on February 21, 2018. Josh Swickard Josh Swickard (born July 4, 1992) is an American model and actor.\",\n \"The Event as Sean's girlfriend, Leila Buchanan, with Patterson portraying her father, Michael. In late February, Laura Innes was cast as Sophia Maguire, a role which was originally envisioned as male. Blair Underwood came on board in early March in the role of President Eli Martinez, a role which was originally planned for a Hispanic actor. Finally, the addition of Taylor Cole completed the main cast. Jeffrey Reiner signed on to direct, after having agreed to a deal with Universal Media Studios to work on new projects. He also served as an executive producer. After having read the pilot script, he called\",\n \"Wallflowers (web series) implemented during the show's brief run. The character of Bryce Hunter has been recast twice. Originally played by Tony nominee Chad Kimball, who was unable to continue with the series past Episode 3 of Season 1, the role was recast with actor Lucas Near-Verbrugghe. To introduce the switch, the show filmed a short piece which was a parody of the Steven Carrington/Dynasty actor swap, with the cast of Wallflowers gathered in a hospital room, awaiting Bryce's head bandages to be removed. Near-Verbrugghe relocated to Los Angeles at the end of Season 1, so the role was once again recast, this\",\n \"Dynasty (season 1) \\\"Dynasty\\\" was in development at The CW, co-written by Josh Schwartz, Stephanie Savage, and Sallie Patrick. The show received a 13-episode a first season order on May 10, 2017. A preview trailer was released on May 18, 2017. On November 8, 2017, the series received a back nine order for a full season of 22 episodes. Nathalie Kelley was cast as Cristal in January 2017, followed by Elizabeth Gillies as Fallon, Sam Adegoke as playboy Jeff Colby, and Robert Christopher Riley as Blake's chauffeur Michael Culhane in February. Next cast were Grant Show as Fallon's father Blake Carrington, and Rafael\",\n \"Dynasty (2017 TV series) Brianna Brown as Matthew's wife Claudia, and Wakeema Hollis as Jeff's sister Monica Colby. In November 2017, Nicollette Sheridan was cast in the role of Blake's ex-wife Alexis Carrington, and was later promoted to series regular status for season two. Other guest stars include Elena Tovar as Iris Machado, Cristal's sister and Sam's mother, Bill Smitrovich as Thomas Carrington, Blake's estranged father, and Hakeem Kae-Kazim as Cesil Colby, Jeff and Monica's father. In June 2018, Kelley told \\\"E! News\\\" that she would not be returning for season two. The CW announced in August 2018 that Ana Brenda Contreras had been\",\n \"series \\\"Farscape\\\". In 2006, Bartlett toured with Hugh Jackman in the Australian touring company production of Jackman's Broadway hit \\\"The Boy From Oz\\\". From March 2007 until the show's cancellation in September 2009, Bartlett was a cast member on the CBS daytime soap opera \\\"Guiding Light\\\", where he played Cyrus Foley. He also starred as Dominic \\\"Dom\\\" Basaluzzo in the HBO comedy-drama series \\\"Looking\\\" from 2014 to 2015, and then reprised his role in the series finale television film, \\\"\\\" in 2016. Murray Bartlett is openly gay. Murray Bartlett Murray Bartlett (born 20 March 1971) is an Australian actor. Bartlett\",\n \"Homecoming (TV series) Homecoming is an American psychological thriller web television series, based on the podcast of the same name created by Eli Horowitz and Micah Bloomberg, that premiered on November 2, 2018 on Amazon Video. The series was created by Horowitz and Bloomberg who also serve as writers and executive produce alongside Sam Esmail, Chad Hamilton, Julia Roberts, Alex Blumberg, Matt Lieber, and Chris Gilibert. Esmail also directed every episode of the series, which stars Roberts, Bobby Cannavale, Stephan James, Shea Whigham, Alex Karpovsky, and Sissy Spacek. \\\"Homecoming\\\" follows Heidi Bergman, a former caseworker at the Homecoming Transitional Support\",\n \"casting process. Lepley was quite surprised when Perry came to the audition dressed as his famous Madea character because he was shooting a movie at the time. Lepley also appeared in the 2013 comedy \\\"Baggage Claim\\\" starring Paula Patton. In early 2016, Lepley booked the lead role of Jaxon in the made for television film, produced by Swirl Films \\\"Ringside\\\", directed by Russ Parr. The film premiered in September 2016 TV One. His costars included \\\"Everybody Hates Chris\\\" actor Tequan Richmond and R&B singer Sevyn Streeter. Tyler Lepley Tyler Lepley (born March 24, 1987) is an American actor, best known\",\n \"Sebastian Roché Tombstones\\\" (2014), and \\\"We Love You, Sally Carmichael!\\\" (2017). He also starred in the Broadway plays \\\"Salome\\\" (1992) and \\\"The Green Bird\\\" (2000). Roché was born in Paris to a Scottish mother and a French father. He was named Sebastian Charles Edward after Jacobite pretender Charles Edward Stuart. From age 12 to 18, Roché lived on a sailboat with his parents and brothers, travelling to the Mediterranean, Africa, South America, and the Caribbean. He is multilingualable to speak English, French, Spanish and Italian fluently. Roché was educated at the Cours Florent in Paris and the , and also attended the\",\n \"that the fourth episode of the season would be titled \\\"Devils You Know\\\", to be written by Paul Zbyszewski, with Ron Underwood directing. In October 2015, Marvel revealed that main cast members Clark Gregg, Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, Elizabeth Henstridge, Nick Blood, Adrianne Palicki, Henry Simmons, and Luke Mitchell would star as Phil Coulson, Melinda May, Grant Ward, Daisy Johnson, Leo Fitz, Jemma Simmons, Lance Hunter, Bobbi Morse, Alphonso \\\"Mack\\\" MacKenzie, and Lincoln Campbell, respectively. It was also revealed that the guest cast for the episode would include Blair Underwood as Andrew Garner, Constance Zimmer\",\n \"24: Redemption Army responsible for genocide in Sangala, and Iké Dubaku (Hakeem Kae-Kazim), one of Juma's lieutenants in the coup. Zolile Nokwe plays Youssou Dubaku, Iké's younger brother. In Washington, Cherry Jones plays Allison Taylor, the first woman to be inaugurated President of the United States. Colm Feore plays Allison's husband and First Gentleman Henry Taylor. Eric Lively plays Roger Taylor, the First Son and son of Taylor, and appears alongside Carly Pope as his girlfriend, Samantha Roth, and Kris Lemche, who plays friend Chris Whitley. Among the antagonists in Washington are Jon Voight, who plays Jonas Hodges, a \\\"very serious villain\\\"\",\n \"Hemlock Grove (TV series) in Oshawa at the Parkwood Estate; the opening scene of Season 1, Episode 1 is on Queen Street in Port Perry, Ontario. In March, Netflix announced that Famke Janssen and Bill Skarsgård would star in the series, Janssen as Olivia Godfrey and Skarsgård as her son, Roman Godfrey. In early April 2012, it was revealed that Peter Rumancek would be portrayed by Landon Liboiron. On April 4, Penelope Mitchell was cast as Roman's cousin, Letha Godfrey. Freya Tingley was cast as Christina Wendall on April 10. On April 12, Dougray Scott was announced as Dr. Norman Godfrey, Olivia's brother-in-law and\",\n \"Spacey, directed by Sam Mendes. They performed over 200 times on three continents. The tour was followed by a documentary film crew, resulting in \\\"NOW: In the Wings on a World Stage\\\". In 2015, Stenhouse appeared as Alex O'Connor in the spy TV series \\\"Allegiance\\\". The same year, it was also announced that he would appear in the film \\\"Skybound\\\". In 2016, he appeared in \\\"San Junipero\\\", an episode of the anthology series \\\"Black Mirror\\\". Stenhouse will co-star in Freeform's \\\"Life-Size 2\\\" in December 2018 opposite Tyra Banks and Francia Raisa. Gavin Stenhouse Gavin Rees Stenhouse (born 4 April 1986)\",\n \"Sebastian Croft Sebastian Theodore Kemble Croft (born 16 December 2001) is an English actor prominent for TV roles in \\\"Game of Thrones\\\" and \\\"Penny Dreadful\\\" and the feature films, \\\"Music, War and Love\\\" and \\\"Wonderwell\\\". Croft made his first West End stage appearance in 2010 in Sam Mendes' production of \\\"Oliver!\\\" (Theatre Royal Drury Lane). In 2011 he was cast as \\\"Gavroche\\\" in \\\"Les Misérables\\\" (Queen's Theatre). Croft was later hand picked by producer Cameron Mackintosh to return to \\\"Oliver!\\\" this time playing the title role in the U.K. touring company for eighteen months. In 2013 Croft played \\\"Tommy\\\" in\",\n \"Dynasty (season 1) de la Fuente as Sam Jones, a gay male version of the original series' Sammy Jo Carrington, in March. The remaining main cast members are James Mackay as Fallon's gay brother Steven, and Alan Dale as Carrington majordomo Anders, Additional recurring performers include Nick Wechsler as Cristal's ex-lover Matthew Blaisdel, Brianna Brown as Matthew's wife Claudia, and Wakeema Hollis as Jeff's sister Monica Colby. In November 2017, Nicollette Sheridan was cast in the role of Blake's ex-wife Alexis Carrington. Other guest stars include Elena Tovar as Iris Machado, Cristal's sister and Sam's mother, Bill Smitrovich as Thomas Carrington, Blake's estranged\",\n \"Bailey Chase Bailey Chase (born Bailey Chase Luetgert; May 1, 1972) is an American stage and television actor. Chase is known for his role as Butch Ada in the television series \\\"Saving Grace\\\", starring role as Graham Miller in \\\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\\\", and roles as Christopher \\\"Chris\\\" Robert Hughes (from 2003–2005) in the soap opera \\\"As the World Turns\\\" , Beckett 'Becks' Scott in \\\"Ugly Betty,\\\" Sean Everett in \\\"Damages\\\", and Deputy Branch Connally in A&E's crime thriller \\\"Longmire\\\". Chase has also starred in the thriller \\\"Summoned\\\" alongside Cuba Gooding, Jr.; \\\"Tao of Surfing\\\"; \\\"Sex, Death, & Bowling\\\"; and\",\n \"History Channel's three-part fictional mini-series \\\"Sons of Liberty\\\". Barnes also starred with Katherine Heigl in the romantic drama \\\"Jackie & Ryan\\\". On 20 July 2015 it was announced that Barnes would replace Eion Bailey as Logan Delos in HBO's science fiction thriller \\\"Westworld\\\", the first season of which aired in the fall of 2016. In September 2016, Barnes was cast as Billy Russo in the Marvel Netflix series \\\"The Punisher\\\". Ben Barnes (actor) Benjamin Thomas Barnes (born 20 August 1981) is a British actor and singer. He is best known for his roles as Prince Caspian in \\\"The Chronicles of\",\n \"\\\"Gossip Girl\\\" co-star Leighton Meester were reported to be in a relationship. Meester and Stan were reported to have broken up in 2010. In summer 2012, Stan and actress Jennifer Morrison met on the set of \\\"Once Upon a Time\\\" and dated for a year, breaking up in mid-2013. In 2014, Stan reportedly began dating actress Margarita Levieva, his co-star in the 2009 film \\\"Spread\\\". Sebastian Stan Sebastian Stan (born 13 August 1982) is a Romanian American actor. On television, he has played Carter Baizen in \\\"Gossip Girl\\\", Prince Jack Benjamin in \\\"Kings\\\", Jefferson in \\\"Once Upon a Time\\\", and\",\n \"The Royals (TV series) star as the Grand Duchess of Oxford, Helena's mother. In June 2015, Laila Rouass was cast as Rani, the Deputy Prime Minister whom the actress calls \\\"Elizabeth Hurley's arch-enemy\\\". For season 2, Hatty Preston was replaced as Princess Maribel with Jerry-Jane Pears, the difference in their appearance explained by plastic surgery. In June 2016, Max Brown was cast as Prince Robert, the presumed-dead eldest son of Simon and Helena, and Jules Knight was cast as Spencer Koenigsberg, Helena's new Lord Chamberlain. Genevieve Gaunt, who played Liam's potential love interest Willow in season 2, was also promoted from recurring to series\",\n \"Meet the New Boss (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) Gregg as Phil Coulson, Ming-Na Wen as Melinda May, Chloe Bennet as Daisy Johnson / Quake, Iain De Caestecker as Leo Fitz, Elizabeth Henstridge as Jemma Simmons, and Henry Simmons as Alphonso \\\"Mack\\\" MacKenzie would be starring in the episode. In addition to O'Mara, guest stars for the episode include Gabriel Luna as Robbie Reyes, Briana Venskus as Agent Piper, Nico David as boy, John Churchill as father, Adrian Quinonez as Ignacio, Jen Kuo Sung as Chen, Daniel Zacapa as Canelo, Lilli Birdsell as Lucy, Dan Donohue as Frederick, Ward Roberts as Hugo, Usman Ally as Vincent, Deren Tadlock as\",\n \"Fab Filippo Fabrizio \\\"Fab\\\" Filippo (born November 30, 1973) is a Canadian actor. Filippo was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. His parents are first generation Italian immigrants (his mother is from Campora San Giovanni in Calabria). He briefly attended York University's Film & Video Programme in 1993. In 2006, Filippo married magazine editor Robin Payne, and together they have a son. His best-known roles include Scott Hope in \\\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\\\", violinist Ethan Gold in \\\"Queer as Folk\\\", Dom Ramone in \\\"Ready or Not\\\" and lawyer Sam Caponelli in \\\"Billable Hours\\\", as well as the films \\\"waydowntown\\\", \\\"The Life\",\n \"the Year\\\" by the National Parents' Day Coalition. Hunter Gomez Hunter Gomez (born December 20, 1991) is an American actor. He is most widely recognized for his work in films and guest appearances in American television. Gomez was born in Mesa, Arizona. He began his entertainment career in 2003 at age 12. He has worked with actors including Nicolas Cage, Jon Voight, Christopher Plummer, Jessica Simpson, Jennifer Love Hewitt, James Belushi, Robert Picardo, Seth MacFarlane, Jodie Sweetin, David Henrie and most recently Sam Heughan. Gomez got his start playing the younger version of Nicolas Cage's character Benjamin Franklin Gates in\",\n \"joined the cast of the Netflix drama series \\\"House of Cards\\\" for their second season. In 2017, he played the lead role in the Hallmark Channel film \\\"Royal New Year's Eve\\\" as Prince Jeffery. In 2014, Page wed fiancée Cassidy Boesch at a villa just outside Santa Barbara, California. Among Page's groomsmen was \\\"Mean Girls\\\" star and \\\"Dancing with the Stars\\\" cast-off Jonathan Bennett. On September 27, 2016, Sam announced the birth of their son, Logan. Samuel Page Samuel Page (born Samuel L. Elliott; November 5, 1976) is an American actor. He has appeared on popular television shows, such as\",\n \"his first television role was in the EastEnders spin off Ricky & Bianca in 2002, before going on to appear in \\\"The Bill\\\", \\\"The Wild Life\\\", \\\"Where The Heart Is\\\", \\\"The Basil Brush Show\\\", \\\"Shane\\\" by Frank Skinner, \\\"Holby City\\\", \\\"Heartbeat\\\", Keen Eddie and was the voice of the Quizmaster for ITV's 24 Hour Quiz. He has also appeared in numerous theatre productions and several new plays by Tony award nominated playwright Bryony Lavery. Robert Shaw Cameron Robert Shaw Cameron (born 26 June 1976) is a British actor and director. Born Robert Shaw, he was brought up in Leeds, Yorkshire.\",\n \"2018 it was announced that Menzies was cast to play Prince Philip in seasons 3 and 4 of \\\"The Crown\\\" TV series, opposite Olivia Colman as Queen Elizabeth II. Tobias Menzies Hanan Tobias Simpson Menzies (born 7 March, 1974) is an English stage, television and film actor. While working in theatre, he starred in television shows such as \\\"Rome\\\" (2005–2007) where he played Brutus and \\\"Game of Thrones\\\" (2013–2016) where he played Edmure Tully. He is probably best known for his dual role as Frank Randall and Jonathan \\\"Black Jack\\\" Randall in \\\"Outlander\\\" (2014–2018), for which he received a Golden\",\n \"Rafael de la Fuente of Diego Forlán in the Nickelodeon Latin America fantasy series, ', which became a main role in the second season. In 2014, de la Fuente appeared as Coach Julio on \\\"Every Witch Way\\\", an English-language remake of '. In 2015 and 2016, de la Fuente appeared in the recurring role of Michael Sanchez, the boyfriend of Jamal Lyon, in the Fox musical prime time soap opera, \\\"Empire\\\". In 2017, he appeared as Cleve Jones' boyfriend Ricardo Canto in the ABC miniseries \\\"When We Rise\\\". In March 2017, de la Fuente was cast in The CW's \\\"Dynasty\\\" reboot as Sam Jones,\",\n \"Emmett Skilton Emmett Skilton (born 23 September 1987), also credited as Emmett Couling Skilton, is a New Zealand-based actor, director and producer. His professional career began in 2005 with a role in the comedy television series \\\"Seven Periods with Mr Gormsby\\\" as Willem Van der Muren. His work includes the lead character Axl Johnson, in the comedy-drama, \\\"The Almighty Johnsons\\\", with his most recent on-camera roles as real-life figures Sam Giancana in US series \\\"\\\", and Victor Lownes in \\\"\\\". His most recent behind-the-scenes role is co-creating, directing and producing comedy web series \\\"Auckward Love\\\". Emmett was born in Wellington,\",\n \"The Lumineers released, which included 5 bonus tracks, over 25 minutes of video footage, and a 28-page booklet. Several songs by the band were used in the television series \\\"Reign\\\". \\\"Scotland\\\", in particular, was used as the theme song for the series. \\\"Scotland\\\" is co-written by and features a performance from Jason \\\"Jay\\\" Van Dyke, who played sometimes with Schultz and Fraites before their move to Denver. Fraites and Schultz composed the music for \\\"The Hanging Tree\\\". \\\"The Hanging Tree\\\" is a song performed by James Newton Howard featuring vocals from American actress Jennifer Lawrence for the 2014 film \\\"\\\", the third\",\n \"him in shape such as basketball, hiking, and cycling, as well as exercising in his home gym. Butler and actress Vanessa Hudgens have been dating since 2011. Butler performed a song on \\\"iCarly\\\" when he guest starred titled \\\"Whatever My Love\\\". Butler appeared in singles from the \\\"Ruby and the Rockits\\\" series. These singles were released through iTunes. Austin Butler Austin Robert Butler (born August 17, 1991) is an American actor and singer. He is known for his roles as James \\\"Wilke\\\" Wilkerson in \\\"Switched at Birth\\\", Jordan Gallagher on \\\"Ruby & The Rockits\\\", Sebastian Kydd in \\\"The Carrie Diaries\\\",\",\n \"Reign (TV series) Reign was an American historical romantic drama television series following the early exploits of Mary, Queen of Scots. The series, created by Stephanie SenGupta and Laurie McCarthy, premiered on October 17, 2013, on The CW, and concluded after four seasons on June 16, 2017. The principal cast consists of North American, Australian, New Zealand and British actors. The highly fictionalized series follows the early exploits of Mary, Queen of Scots. The first season opens in 1557, with Mary living in a convent in France, but she quickly is returned to the castle where we learn she is\",\n \"Reign (TV series) before March 1, 2013, and British newcomer Celina Sinden was cast as Mary's lady-in-waiting Greer on that date. Torrance Coombs was announced as having been cast as Sebastian, one of the leading characters, in March 2013. Sebastian is an original character created for the show, so Coombs didn't have as much research in preparation for the role, though he faced the challenge of changing his performance from that in \\\"The Tudors\\\", another historical TV series he'd been involved in. Alan Van Sprang, who was cast as Henry II of France, modeled his performance after Bill Clinton. In November 2013, Amy\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":442,"string":"442"}}},{"rowIdx":88,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"which magazine published the novel light house"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["Light House: A Trifle When they land on the island, Briscoe runs into the lighthouse and blows himself up. Amongst the rubble of the lighthouse, Picasso notices the inscription \"MORTE D'AUTHOR\" painted on one of the surrounding rocks and says to the innkeeper \"He's been thinking about this for some time, George.\" Monahan wrote the novel while studying Elizabethan and Jacobean drama at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Monahan completed a draft of \"Light House\" on May 18, 1991, but then \"stuck it in a drawer\". It remained unpublished until 1993 when he gave it to the literary magazine \"Old Crow Review\" to serialize"],"string":"[\n \"Light House: A Trifle When they land on the island, Briscoe runs into the lighthouse and blows himself up. Amongst the rubble of the lighthouse, Picasso notices the inscription \\\"MORTE D'AUTHOR\\\" painted on one of the surrounding rocks and says to the innkeeper \\\"He's been thinking about this for some time, George.\\\" Monahan wrote the novel while studying Elizabethan and Jacobean drama at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Monahan completed a draft of \\\"Light House\\\" on May 18, 1991, but then \\\"stuck it in a drawer\\\". It remained unpublished until 1993 when he gave it to the literary magazine \\\"Old Crow Review\\\" to serialize\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["Robert Giroux former director of Faber & Faber. He published many novels rejected by other publishing houses, such as Bernard Malamud's \"The Natural\" (1952), Kerouac's \"The Town and the City\" (1950) and O'Connor's \"Wise Blood\" (1952). He also worked on Thomas Merton's autobiography, \"The Seven Storey Mountain\" (1948). Soon he became adept at finding new authors, and one of his first finds was the novelist and short-story writer Jean Stafford, who in turn introduced him to her husband, Robert Lowell, who was trying to find a publisher for his second book of poems. Impressed by Lowell's manuscript, Giroux published the collection \"Lord","Samuel R. Delany Doubleday, marking Delany's departure from Ace) in 1968 alone, an extended interregnum in publication commenced until the release of \"Dhalgren\" (1975), abated only by two short stories, two comic book scripts, and an erotic novel, \"The Tides of Lust\" (1973), reissued in 1994 under Delany's preferred title, \"Equinox\". On New Year's Eve in 1968, Delany and Hacker moved to San Francisco, and again to London in the interim, before Delany returned to New York in the summer of 1971 as a resident of the Albert Hotel in Greenwich Village; from December 1972 to December 1974, Delany and Hacker lived in","appears in this book. The Sunday Philosophy Club Series The Sunday Philosophy Club is a series of novels by the author Alexander McCall Smith. It is also the name of the first novel in the series, and an informal talking group founded by the main character Isabel Dalhousie. The series is set in Edinburgh. The title of the first book and of the series was suggested by McCall Smith's editor. The series of novels includes: \"The Sunday Philosophy Club\" marked a departure from the gentle Botswana setting of McCall Smith’s previous series: in an interview in May 2004, McCall Smith","1951 and by 2002 had a distribution figure of 110 million across 34 languages. Below is a list of popular interior design magazines: Interior design magazine An interior design magazine is a publication that focuses primarily on interior design in a hard copy periodical format or on the Internet. Interior design magazines document the interior of homes, furniture, home accessories, textiles and architecture usually in a highly stylized or staged format. They may also feature cafes, historic houses, eco-friendly living and cutting-edge design. Each issue or publication often acts as a “how to” guide for interior decorating and styling, as","Vincent Calvino Vincent Calvino is a fictional Bangkok-based private eye created by Christopher G. Moore in the Vincent Calvino Private Eye series. Vincent Calvino first appeared in 1992 in \"Spirit House\", the first novel in the series. His latest appearance is in \"Jumpers\", the 16th novel in the series published in October 2016. \"“Hewn from the hard-boiled Dashiell Hammett/Raymond Chandler model, Calvino is a tough, somewhat tarnished hero with a heart of gold.”\"—Mark Schreiber, The Japan Times. Moore’s protagonist, Vincent Calvino, half Jewish and half Italian, is an ex-lawyer from New York, who, under ambiguous circumstances, gave up law practice","Millen Brand 1935, Brand joined the League of American Writers (1935-1943), whose members included Alexander Trachtenberg of International Publishers, Frank Folsom, Louis Untermeyer, I.F. Stone, Myra Page, Arthur Miller, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. (Members were largely either Communist Party members or fellow travelers.) In 1937, he wrote his first and most famous novel, \"The Outward Room,\" based in part on his experience as a psychiatric aide. The novel was a bestseller and was adapted for Broadway as \"The World We Make.\" After establishing himself as a writer, he was able to acquire a post as a book editor for Crown Publishers.","eminent authors such as Peter Singer, Harper Lee, Zora Neale Hurston, Aldous Huxley, Russell Banks, Thomas Pynchon, Milan Kundera, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Sylvia Plath, and Thornton Wilder among many others. Harper Perennial Harper Perennial is a paperback imprint of the publishing house HarperCollins Publishers. Harper Perennial has divisions located in New York, London, Toronto, and Sydney. The imprint is descended from the Perennial Library imprint founded by Harper & Row in 1964. In Fall of 2005, Harper Perennial rebranded with a new logo (an Olive) and a distinct editorial direction emphasizing fiction and non-fiction from new and young authors. In","#19 (Nov. 1940). Wonder Woman was introduced in a nine-page story in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (Jan. 1942), the product of psychologist William Moulton Marston (under the pseudonym Charles Moulton) and Max Charles Gaines, and drawn by artist Harry G. Peter. All-American Publications All-American Publications is one of three American comic book companies that merged to form the modern day DC Comics, one of two largest publishers of comic books in the United States. Superheroes created for All-American include the original Atom, Flash, Green Lantern, Hawkman, and Wonder Woman, all in the 1940s' Golden Age of Comic Books. Max Gaines,","Motion Picture Magazine Motion Picture was an American monthly fan magazine about film, published from 1911 to 1977. It was later published by Macfadden Publications. The magazine was established by Vitagraph Studios co-founder J. Stuart Blackton and partner Eugene V. Brewster under the title The Motion Picture Story Magazine. In contrast to earlier film magazines such as \"The Moving Picture World\", which where aimed at film exhibitors, \"The Motion Picture Story Magazine\" was aimed at regular film goers. It has been regarded as the first fan magazine. The magazine was very successful from its inception, with an initial run of","Works' manga magazine \"Dengeki Daioh\" sold on April 21, 2008. After a lengthy hiatus, the manga ended serialization in the March 2015 issue. The story was written by Mikage and Yū Kagami, two scenario writers of Minori, and illustrated by Juri Miyabi. Ten \"tankōbon\" volumes were published under ASCII Media Works' Dengeki Comics imprint between February 27, 2006 and January 27, 2015. A series of 24 short side-stories in a light novel form were serialized under the title \"Ef: A Fairy Tale of the Two Another Tale\" in Kadokawa Shoten's seinen magazine \"Comptiq\" between the July 2006 and July 2008","Aunt Phillis's Cabin Aunt Phillis's Cabin; or, Southern Life As It Is by Mary Henderson Eastman is a plantation fiction novel, and is perhaps the most read anti-Tom novel in American literature. It was published by Lippincott, Grambo & Co. of Philadelphia in 1852 as a response to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\", published earlier that year. The novel sold 20,000–30,000 copies, making it a strong commercial success and bestseller. Based on her growing up in Warrenton, Virginia of an elite planter family, Eastman portrays plantation owners and slaves as mutually respectful, kind, and happy beings. Published in 1852,","The Youth's Companion The Youth's Companion (1827–1929), known in later years as simply The Companion—For All the Family, was an American children's magazine that existed for over one hundred years until it finally merged with \"The American Boy\" in 1929. The \"Companion\" was published in Boston, Massachusetts by the Perry Mason Company (later renamed \"Perry Mason & Co.\" after the founder died). From 1892 to 1915 it was based in the Youth's Companion Building, which is now on the National Register of Historic Places. Early issues of the \"Companion\" were centered on religion, having been created, in the words of","non-fiction, the Publishing Triangle-Judy Grahn Nonfiction Award, and the Lambda Literary Award in the \"Lesbian Memoir and Biography\" category. \"Fun Home\" was nominated for the 2007 Eisner Awards in two categories, Best Reality-Based Work and Best Graphic Album, and Bechdel was nominated as Best Writer/Artist. \"Fun Home\" won the Eisner for Best Reality-Based Work. In 2008, \"Entertainment Weekly\" placed \"Fun Home\" at #68 in its list of \"New Classics\" (defined as \"the 100 best books from 1983 to 2008\"). \"The Guardian\" included \"Fun Home\" in its series \"1000 novels everyone must read\", noting its \"beautifully rendered\" details. In 2009, \"Fun","cares for his lifeless corpse, telling him he can live with her for as long as he likes, free of charge. Looking into his empty eye sockets, Mrs. Flood thinks she sees a light twinkling inside them. \"Wise Blood\" began with four separate stories published in \"Mademoiselle\", \"Sewanee Review\", and \"Partisan Review\" in 1948 and 1949. Flannery O'Connor then published it as a complete novel in 1952, and Signet advertised it as \"A Searching Novel of Sin and Redemption.\" In the introduction to the 10th anniversary publication of \"Wise Blood\", O'Connor states that the book is about freedom, free will,","Trouser Press Trouser Press was a rock and roll magazine started in New York in 1974 as a mimeographed fanzine by editor/publisher Ira Robbins, fellow Who fan Dave Schulps and Karen Rose under the name \"Trans-Oceanic Trouser Press\" (a reference to a song by the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band and an acronymic play on the British TV show \"Top of the Pops)\". Publication of the magazine ceased in 1984; the unexpired portion of mail subscriptions was completed by \"Rolling Stone\" sister publication \"Record\", which itself folded in 1985. \"Trouser Press\" has continued to exist in various formats. The magazine's original","Putnam's Magazine Putnam's Monthly Magazine of American Literature, Science and Art was a monthly periodical published by G. P. Putnam's Sons featuring American literature and articles on science, art, and politics. It had three incarnations: first, edited by Charles Frederick Briggs from January 1853 to September 1857 (whereupon it merged with \"Emerson's United States Magazine\"); then, edited by C. F. Briggs, Edmund Clarence Stedman and Parke Godwin from January 1868 to November 1870 (whereupon it merged with \"Scribner's Monthly\"); then, edited by Jeannette Gilder and Joseph Gilder from October 1906 to April 1910 (whereupon it merged with the \"Atlantic Monthly\").","True (magazine) True, also known as True, The Man's Magazine, was published by Fawcett Publications from 1937 until 1974. Known as \"True, A Man's Magazine\" in the 1930s, it was labeled \"True, #1 Man's Magazine\" in the 1960s. Petersen Publishing took over with the January 1975, issue. It was sold to Magazine Associates in August 1975, and ceased publication shortly afterward. High adventure, sports profiles and dramatic conflicts were highlighted in articles such as \"Living and Working at Nine Fathoms\" by Ed Batutis, \"Search for the Perfect Beer\" by Bob McCabe and the uncredited \"How to Start Your Own Hunting-Fishing","a Nobel Prize (Saul Bellow, who won the Pulitzer Prize in Fiction and Nobel Prize in Literature in 1976), at least one Man Booker Prize (Alan Hollinghurst, 2004) and countless other honors. Yaddo is included in the Union Avenue Historic District. The estate was purchased in 1881 by the financier Spencer Trask and his wife, the writer Katrina Trask. The first mansion on the property burned down in 1893, and the Trasks then built the current house. Yaddo is a neologism invented by one of the Trask children and was meant to rhyme with \"shadow\". In 1900, after the premature","is also eventually revealed to be a son of Lazarus Long, a Heinlein character originally introduced in \"Methuselah's Children\" and who reappeared in \"Time Enough for Love\", \"The Number of the Beast\", and \"To Sail Beyond the Sunset\". Also appearing are Jubal Harshaw, a major character in \"Stranger in a Strange Land\"; Galahad, of \"Time Enough for Love\"; and Manuel Garcia O'Kelly Davis, the first-person voice of \"The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress\". The Cat Who Walks Through Walls The Cat Who Walks Through Walls is a science fiction novel by American writer Robert A. Heinlein, published in 1985. Like","but that some colonists might still be alive in the mine tunnels that the colony was expected to have dug. Huyghens and Roane, along with the bears and the eagle, undertake a dangerous cross-country trek to determine the status of the authorized colony. Other than its original publication in the March 1956 issue of \"Astounding Science Fiction\", \"Exploration Team\" did not see any other magazine publication until the May 1962 issue (No. 43) of the French-language magazine \"Satellite\", as \"Les meilleurs amis de l'homme\" (\"Man's Best Friends\"). The story has been anthologized at least ten times, including thrice in Italian","2010. Corduroy Mansions Corduroy Mansions is the first online novel by Alexander McCall Smith, author of The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency series. In the first series, the author wrote a chapter a day, starting on 15 Sep 2008, the series running for 20 weeks and totalling 100 episodes. The daily chapters, read by Andrew Sachs were also available as an audio download. The second and third series were published online, running from Monday 21 September 2009 and Monday 13 September 2010, respectively. The concept for \"Corduroy Mansions\" is based on Charles Dickens’ episodic writing – which were novels serialised","St. Nicholas Magazine Fauntleroy\" first appeared as a \"St. Nicholas\" serial, beginning in the November 1885 issue. Her novella \"Sara Crewe\" appeared in the December 1887 issue. Other novels to be serialized in \"St. Nicholas\" were Louisa May Alcott's \"Eight Cousins\" and Mark Twain's \"Tom Sawyer Abroad\". Dodge asked Rudyard Kipling to do a fiction series, and he sent her the \"Jungle Book\" stories. Within a few years, \"St. Nicholas\" increased in size to 96 pages, and reached a circulation of 70,000 subscribers. In 1881, the Scribner publishing house withdrew from ownership of its two magazines, and they were purchased by The Century","pseudonym for author Dan Ross, and were published by Paperback Library. Ross also wrote a novelization of the theatrical film \"House of Dark Shadows\". The second series of books consists of three novels by Lara Parker, \"Angelique's Descent\", \"The Salem Branch\" and \"Wolf Moon Rising\", as well as \"Dreams of the Dark\", by horror authors Elizabeth Massie and Stephen Mark Rainey. There also have been several books about \"Dark Shadows\", including \"The Dark Shadows Almanac\" and \"The Dark Shadows Companion\". During its original run, \"Dark Shadows\" was featured in many magazines, including \"Afternoon TV\", \"Castle of Frankenstein\", \"Daytime TV\", and","then subsequently shortened as \"The American Magazine\" until publication ceased in 1956. It kept continuous volume numbering throughout its history. In June 1906, muckraking journalists Ray Stannard Baker, Lincoln Steffens and Ida M. Tarbell left \"McClure's\" to help create \"The American Magazine\". Baker contributed articles using the pseudonym David Grayson. Under John Sanborn Phillips, who served as editor until 1915, the monthly magazine departed somewhat from the muckraking style and focused on human interest stories, social issues and fiction. Initially published by his Phillips Publishing Company of Springfield, Ohio, it later was taken over by Crowell Publishing Company in 1911,","\"Home Weekly\". Byrne published her novel \"Softly Softly\" in 1958, under the pen name Marie Byrne. Byrne died at coastal Old House Farm, West Itchenor, West Sussex England in 1961 whereas her main home was declared to be 3 Watford Home, Northwood, Middlesex. Her estate was publicly sworn at £16,673 (). Her executors were Mrs Natalie W V Wolff, Mrs Phyllis R Doyle and Miles Austin Byrne, an actor-relative. Mary Freeman Byrne Mary Freeman Byrne (née Keith) (4 October 1886 – 18 January 1961) who sometimes wrote under the pen name Marie Byrne, was an American author. Byrne was born","The Guardian's 100 Best Novels Written in English Golden Notebook by Doris Lessing (1962) 82. A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess (1962) 83. A Single Man by Christopher Isherwood (1964) 84. In Cold Blood by Truman Capote (1966) 85. The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath (1966) 86. Portnoy’s Complaint by Philip Roth (1969) 87. Mrs Palfrey at the Claremont by Elizabeth Taylor (1971) 88. Rabbit Redux by John Updike (1971) 89. Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison (1977) 90. A Bend in the River by VS Naipaul (1979) 91. Midnight’s Children by Salman Rushdie (1981) 92. Housekeeping by Marilynne Robinson (1981) 93. Money: A Suicide Note by Martin","Carroll Watson Rankin published in 1904 by Henry Holt and Company. She first wrote the story serially for her own children. Considered a regional classic in the Midwest, it tells of four young girls who negotiate the use of a derelict cottage belonging to a church as a playhouse by pulling dandelions for the senior warden of the church, prosperous Mr. Black. The real life model for Mr. Black is generally acknowledged to be Marquette businessman and philanthropist, Peter White. The original Dandelion Cottage is located at 440 East Arch and is privately owned. Now that the book is in public domain, it","R. L. Stine John Holmstrom), \"Phil Fly\", \"Don't You Wish...\", \"Doctor Duck\", \"The Teens of Ferret High\", \"First Date\" (a comic strip by Alyse Newman), and \"Ask Doctor Si N. Tific\". In 1986, Stine wrote his first horror novel, called \"Blind Date\". He followed with many other novels, including \"The Babysitter\", \"Beach House\", \"Hit and Run\", and \"The Girlfriend\". He was also the co-creator and head writer for the Nickelodeon Network children's television show \"Eureeka's Castle\", original episodes of which aired as part of the Nick Jr. programming block during the 1989-1995 seasons. In 1989, Stine started writing \"Fear Street\" books. Before launching","Subhash Chandran novel was originally serialised in \"Mathrubhumi Weekly\" in 2009. The State Women's Commission had served a notice on the weekly alleging that women were depicted in a bad light in an advertisement of the novel. The novel was published as a book by DC Books in 2010. It was a great critical success and to date remains one of the best-selling books in Malayalam. The novel won numerous awards including the Vayalar Award (2015), Kendra Sahithya Academy Award (2015) Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award (2011) Odakkuzhal Award (2011), FOKANA Award (2012), Bhasha Institute's Basheer Puraskaaram (2012)and Kovilan Puraskaaram (2012). Manushyanu oru","novels of the late 20th century and provides a lengthy review within its \"Horror Fiction\" section. Ricky Hawthorne is mentioned in the author's 1983 novel \"Floating Dragon\", in which it is stated that he is the uncle of a victim in the latter book. The town of Milburn briefly appears in \"Koko\", published in 1988. Ghost Story (Straub novel) Ghost Story is a horror novel by American writer Peter Straub. It was published on January 1, 1979 by Coward, McCann and Geoghegan. The book was adapted into a film by the same name in 1981, minus the novel's fifth protagonist","Publishers Weekly Publishers Weekly (PW) is an American weekly trade news magazine targeted at publishers, librarians, booksellers and literary agents. Published continuously since 1872, it has carried the tagline, \"The International News Magazine of Book Publishing and Bookselling\". With 51 issues a year, the emphasis today is on book reviews. The magazine was founded by bibliographer Frederick Leypoldt in the late 1860s, and had various titles until Leypoldt settled on the name The Publishers' Weekly (with an apostrophe) in 1872. The publication was a compilation of information about newly published books, collected from publishers and from other sources by Leypoldt,","in small US comic size softcover editions). El Capitan Books El Capitan Books is an American comic book and graphic novel publisher, which exclusively publishes the work of its founder, David Lapham. El Capitan's first release was \"Stray Bullets\" #1 in 1995, and the company is still best known for publishing this comic book series which continues today. Other series which it has released include \"Murder Me Dead\" #1–9 (2000–2001) and \"The Parallax Man\" (2005). The company is also well known for its collections of \"Stray Bullets\" stories (\"Innocence of Nihilism\", \"Somewhere Out West\", \"Other People\", and \"Dark Days\") in","WSJ. WSJ. or WSJ. Magazine, which was originally intended to be a monthly magazine named Pursuits, is a luxury glossy news and lifestyle monthly magazine by the publishers of \"The Wall Street Journal\". It features luxury consumer products advertisements and is distributed to subscribers in large United States markets as well as throughout Europe and Asia. Its coverage spans art, fashion, entertainment, design, food, architecture, travel and more. Kristina O’Neill is Editor in Chief and Anthony Cenname is Publisher. Launched as a quarterly in 2008, the magazine grew to 12 issues a year for 2014. The magazine is distributed within","The Shipping News The Shipping News is a novel by American author E. Annie Proulx and published by Charles Scribner's Sons in 1993. It won the Pulitzer Prize, the U.S. National Book Award, as well as other awards. It was adapted as a film of the same name which was released in 2001. The story centers around Quoyle, a newspaper reporter from upstate New York, whose father had emigrated from Newfoundland. Shortly after his parents' joint suicide, Quoyle's unfaithful and abusive wife Petal Bear leaves town with a lover and attempts to sell their daughters Bunny and Sunshine to sex","fall into the category of mind-body-spirit such as Wayne Dyer, Suze Orman, Deepak Chopra, Marianne Williamson, Sylvia Browne, Travis Smiley and Doreen Virtue. Reid Tracy joined Hay House as an accountant in 1988. He went on to take over as the CEO in 1990 at the age of 25. They are headquartered in Carlsbad, California with auxiliary offices in New York, London, Sydney, Johannesburg, and New Delhi. As of 2018, Hay House reports that they publish books by more than 130 authors and sells their products and services in over 35 countries and that they employ over 100 full time","the fight in the Broken Drum) were Discworld fans who were selected via various website and Newsletters. The Light Fantastic The Light Fantastic is a comic fantasy novel by Terry Pratchett, the second of the \"Discworld\" series. It was published on 2 June 1986, the first printing being of 1,034 copies. The title is a quote from a poem by John Milton and in the original context referred to dancing lightly with extravagance. The events of the novel are a direct continuation of those in the preceding book, \"The Colour of Magic\" (the only \"Discworld\" novel to follow on in","Lighthouse (band) May 14, 1969, at the Rock Pile in Toronto, introduced by Duke Ellington with the words, \"I'm beginning to see the Light...house\". The band originally consisted of 13 members: One of the first Lighthouse concerts was at Carnegie Hall, and in its first year the band also played at Fillmore East, Fillmore West, Toronto, Boston, the Atlantic City Pop Festival, and the Monterey and Newport Jazz Festivals. A free concert at Toronto City Hall in the summer of 1969 drew a reported crowd of 25,000. Their first album, \"Lighthouse\", was released in 1969 by RCA from RCA's Toronto Eastern Sound","A Contract with God A Contract with God and Other Tenement Stories is a graphic novel by American cartoonist Will Eisner published in 1978. The book's short story cycle revolves around poor Jewish characters who live in a tenement in New York City. Eisner produced two sequels set in the same tenement: \"A Life Force\" in 1988, and \"Dropsie Avenue\" in 1995. Though the term \"graphic novel\" did not originate with Eisner, the book is credited with popularizing its use. Four stand-alone stories make up the book: in \"A Contract with God\" a religious man gives up his faith after","The Literary Voyager The Literary Voyager, also known as The Muzzeniegun (Ojibwe for ‘book’, also spelled Muzzinyegun) was a manuscript magazine produced by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft between December of 1826 and April of 1827, for a total of 16 issues. It is recognized as the first magazine published in Michigan, as well as the first periodical pertaining to Native American culture and mythology. The magazine contained mainly Ojibwe legends and history, as well as poems and stories written by Schoolcraft’s wife, Jane Johnston Schoolcraft, an Ojibwe woman who is now recognized as the first Native American literary writer. The majority","The Motion of Light in Water The Motion of Light in Water: Sex and Science Fiction Writing in the East Village is an autobiography by science fiction author Samuel R. Delany in which he recounts his experiences as growing up a gay African American, as well as some of his time in an interracial and open marriage with Marilyn Hacker. It describes encounters with Albert Einstein, Bob Dylan, and Stokely Carmichael, a dinner with W. H. Auden, and a phone call to James Baldwin. Hazel Carby called it one of two contemporary autobiographies that are \"absolutely central to any consideration","LETTERS LETTERS is an epistolary novel by the American writer John Barth, published in 1979. It consists of a series of letters in which Barth and the characters of his other books interact. In addition to the Author and Germaine Pitt (or 'Lady Amherst', unrelated to any of Barth's previous novels), the correspondents are Todd Andrews (from \"The Floating Opera\"), Jacob Horner (from \"The End of the Road\"), A.B. Cook (a descendent of Burlingame in \"The Sot-Weed Factor\"), Jerome Bray (associated with \"Giles Goat-Boy\" and \"Chimera\") and Ambrose Mensch (from \"Lost in the Funhouse\"). The book is subtitled \"An old","Minister Pierre Trudeau, in defending the government's Omnibus bill and the decriminalization of homosexuality, coined the phrase \"There's no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation.\" The Globe and Mail The Globe and Mail is a Canadian newspaper printed in five cities in western and central Canada. With a weekly readership of 2,018,923 in 2015, it is Canada's most widely read newspaper on weekdays and Saturdays, although it falls slightly behind the \"Toronto Star\" in overall weekly circulation because the \"Star\" publishes a Sunday edition while the \"Globe\" does not. \"The Globe and Mail\" is regarded by","Ladies' Home Journal 1974 Downe was acquired by Charter Company. In 1982 it sold the magazine to Family Media Inc., publishers of \"Health\" magazine, when Charter decided to divest its publishing interests. In 1986, the Meredith Corporation acquired the magazine from Family Media for $96 million. By 1998, the \"Journal\"'s circulation had dropped to 4.5 million. The magazine debuted an extensive visual and editorial redesign in its March 2012 issue. Photographer Brigitte Lacombe was hired to shoot cover photos, with Kate Winslet appearing on the first revamped issue. The \"Journal\" announced that portions of its editorial content would be crowdsourced from readers, who","\"Young Ace\" magazine from July 4, 2009 to August 4, 2016. Kadokawa Shoten published ten \"tankōbon\" volumes from February 4, 2010 to February 4, 2017. The series is licensed in North America by Yen Press, who began releasing the series from July 24, 2012. On December 18, 2013, which refers to a pivotal date depicted in \"The Disappearance of Haruhi Suzumiya\", the official website for the \"Haruhi Suzumiya\" series \"vanished\" and was replaced by a fake error page containing a hidden link revealing that an anime adaptation of \"The Disappearance of Nagato Yuki-chan\" was in production. A year later, on","Gourmet (magazine) Gourmet magazine was a monthly publication of Condé Nast and the first U.S. magazine devoted to food and wine. Founded by Earle R. MacAusland (1890–1980), Gourmet, first published in January 1941, also covered \"good living\" on a wider scale. On October 5, 2009 Condé Nast announced that \"Gourmet\" would cease monthly publication by the end of 2009, due to a decline in advertising sales and shifting food interests among the readership. Editor Ruth Reichl, in the middle of a tour promoting the \"Gourmet Today\" cookbook, confirmed that the magazine's November 2009 issue, distributed in mid-October, was the magazine's","Todd Strasser Todd Strasser (born May 5, 1950) is an American writer of more than 140 young-adult and middle grade novels and many short stories and works of non-fiction, some written under the pen names Morton Rhue and T.S. Rue. Strasser was born in New York City. His first novel was \"Angel Dust Blues\" (1978). He is the father of two children, and an avid tennis player and surfer. In Germany, under the pen name Morton Rhue, he is the best-selling author of such novels as \"Die Welle,\" \"Dschihad Online,\" \"Ich knall euch ab!,\" \"Boot Camp,\" \"No Place, No Home,\"","Fun Home Albert Camus' novel \"A Happy Death\" and essay \"The Myth of Sisyphus\". His careful construction of an aesthetic and intellectual world is compared to \"The Great Gatsby\" by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and the narrator suggests that Bruce Bechdel modeled elements of his life after Fitzgerald's, as portrayed in the biography \"The Far Side of Paradise\". His wife Helen is compared with the protagonists of the Henry James novels \"Washington Square\" and \"The Portrait of a Lady\". Helen Bechdel was an amateur actress, and plays in which she acted are also used to illuminate aspects of her marriage. She met Bruce","Handy Writers' Colony by hand or typewriter, materials from authors whose work she admired. Originally conceived as a Utopian commune where budding artists could focus exclusively on their writing projects, the colony dissolved largely in part because of Handy's own erratic behavior and Jones' focus on his own novels. Many young writers found support at the Colony. Published writers associated with the Colony included James Jones, John Bowers, Tom T. Chamales, Edwin C. Daly, William Duhart, Jere Peacock, Jon Shirota, Jerry Tschappat (a.k.a. Gerald Tesch), and Charles S. Wright. The colony dissolved with the death of Lowney Handy in 1964. Published novels written","(Glénat España) and Italian (Panini Comics) languages. \"Zetsuai 1989\" was the first shōnen-ai manga to be officially translated into German. Several albums were released relating to the \"Dokusen Yoku\" doujinshi, Zetsuai 1989 and Bronze since Zetsuai between 1988 and 1996. Several light novels were published by Shueisha. They were written by Akiyama Rin with illustrations by Minami Ozaki. The plot of novels is mostly connected to Nanjo family (\"Kaen Danshō\" series in particular), for example Kouji's elder brother Nanjo Hirose. At the time of its writing, the genre as a whole was not commonly recognised by those not creating it,","Samuel Ashley Brown Samuel Ashley Brown (December 19, 1923 – June 24, 2011 ) was a professor emeritus at the University of South Carolina who taught English and comparative literature. While he founded the literary magazine \"Shenandoah\", his fame rests in great part on the fact that he was a confidant of two famous American women writers: the novelist Flannery O'Connor and the poet Elizabeth Bishop. Much was learned posthumously about both women when their respective correspondence with Brown was made public. Brown was born in Louisville and raised at 1221 4th street, in a Victorian home that would become","American branch of Sanyusha. \"The Rose of Versailles\" was the first commercially translated manga to be available in North America. A snippet of the translated manga was also included in Schodt's \"Manga! Manga! The World of Japanese Comics\" book. Udon Entertainment has officially announced the publication rights, with a scheduled release for 2016. As of January 2018, Udon reported that most of the translation was complete and the series was going through editing. The \"Versailles no Bara Gaiden\" series is a collections of short stories written by Riyoko Ikeda. These stories were published in two separate magazines in 1974 (first","statistical journal \"Significance\" analyses McEwan's representation of the famous mathematical conundrum: the Monty Hall Problem. Sweet Tooth (novel) Sweet Tooth is a novel by the English writer Ian McEwan, published on 21 August 2012. It deals with the experiences of its protagonist, Serena Frome, during the early 1970s. After graduating from Cambridge she is recruited by MI5, and becomes involved in a covert program to combat communism by infiltrating the intellectual world. When she becomes romantically involved with her mark, complications ensue. McEwan wanted to write a novel dealing with the social turmoil of the 1970s, and \"Sweet Tooth\" is","The Light and the Dark The Light and the Dark is the fourth novel in C. P. Snow's \"Strangers and Brothers\" series. The book portrays narrator Lewis Eliot's friendship with Roy Calvert, and Calvert's inner turmoil and quest for meaning in life. Calvert was based on Snow's friend, Coptic scholar, Charles Allberry. Their relationship is developed further in \"The Masters\". Set in England in the lead-up to and during World War II, it portrays Lewis Eliot's friendship with the gifted scholar and remarkable individual Roy Calvert, and Calvert's inner turmoil and quest for meaning in life. The title—The Light and","Lin Carter in manuscript. The seventh novel Carter wrote, it was the first to find a publisher, appearing from Ace Books in March 1965. Due in large part to their later collaborations, mutual promotion of each other in print, joint membership in both the Trap Door Spiders and SAGA, and complementary scholarly efforts to document the history of fantasy, de Camp is the person with whom Carter is most closely associated as a writer. A falling-out in the last decade of Carter's life did not become generally known until after his death. Carter was a prolific writer, producing an average of six","Shirley Jackson began writing. After publishing her debut novel \"The Road Through the Wall\" (1948), a semi-autobiographical account of her childhood in California, Jackson gained significant public attention for her short story \"The Lottery,\" which details a secret, sinister underside to a bucolic American village. She continued to publish numerous short stories in literary journals and magazines throughout the 1950s, some of which were assembled and reissued in her 1953 memoir \"Life Among the Savages\". In 1959, she published \"The Haunting of Hill House\", a supernatural horror novel widely considered to be one of the best ghost stories ever written. A reclusive","The Crime Club The Crime Club was an imprint of the Doubleday publishing company, which later spawned a 1946-47 anthology radio series. Many classic and popular works of detective and mystery fiction had their first U.S. editions published via the Crime Club, including all 50 books of The Saint by Leslie Charteris (1928-1983). The imprint also published first editions in Sax Rohmer's Fu Manchu series. The Crime Club began life in 1928 with the publication of \"The Desert Moon Mystery\" by Kay Cleaver Strahan, and ceased publication in 1991. In the intervening 63 years, The Crime Club published 2,492 titles.","Traci Hunter Abramson have an enthusiastic fan base among Mormon readers. Abramson's first book, \"Undercurrents\", featured an Olympic-hopeful swimmer who is in witness protection. The Virginia Tech shooting inspired Abramson to write \"Lockdown\", a novel about a woman who survives a school shooting. She said the process of writing the novel helped her to heal from the trauma. Critics have praised Abramson's research and believable and likeable characters, though some of her plots have been criticized as predictable. Abramson received the novel of the year Whitney award in 2017 for \"Safe House\". Abramson received the best mystery/suspense Whitney Award in 2017 also for","servitude\". The book was first published in Britain by Routledge in March 1944, during World War II, and was quite popular, leading Hayek to call it \"that unobtainable book\", also due in part to wartime paper rationing. It was published in the United States by the University of Chicago Press in September 1944 and achieved great popularity. At the arrangement of editor Max Eastman, the American magazine \"Reader's Digest\" published an abridged version in April 1945, enabling \"The Road to Serfdom\" to reach a wider popular audience beyond academics. \"The Road to Serfdom\" has had a significant impact on twentieth-century","Audies Gala in May 2013. Various websites have suggested that the 2012 Bollywood film \"Jab Tak Hai Jaan\" might have drawn inspiration from the novel. The Italian band Daisy Chains has released an album titled \"A Story Has No Beginning or End\", which is the first line of the novel by G. Greene, and whose own second track is titled \"The End of the Affair\". The End of the Affair The End of the Affair (1951) is a novel by British author Graham Greene, as well as the title of two feature films (released in 1955 and 1999) that were","for its romance, passion and drama. 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment has not announced plans to release this series on DVD and/or Blu-ray Disc. Fashion House is an adaptation in the original Cuban script \"Salir de Noche\" written by Euridice Charadian & Osvaldo Huerta and was sold to MyNetworkTV by InjausTV. \"Fashion House\" aired for a 78-episode run. MyNetworkTV episode aired it Monday through Friday for 13 weeks, with a \"recap\" show on Saturdays airing at 9 p.m. Eastern. It was based on the Cuban telenovela \"Salir de Noche\" (\"\"Out in the Night\"\"), produced by Miami firm XYSTUS. MyNetworkTV originally","If (magazine) attendant paper shortages led to the demise of several titles. By the late 1940s, the market began to recover. From a low of eight active magazines in 1946, the field expanded to 20 in 1950, and a further 22 had commenced publication by 1954. \"If\" was launched in the middle of this second publishing boom. \"If\"'s origins can be traced to 1948 and 1949, when Raymond Palmer founded two magazines while working at Ziff-Davis in Chicago: \"Fate\" and \"Other Worlds\". \"Fate\" published articles about occult and supernatural events, while \"Other Worlds\" was a science-fiction magazine. The two were sufficiently successful","Elizabeth Noble Elizabeth Noble (born 22 December 1968) is the author of seven novels: \"The Reading Group\", \"The Friendship Test (\"previously published as \"The Tenko Club)\", \"Alphabet Weekends\", \"Things I Want My Daughters to Know\", \"The Girl Next Door,\" \"The Way We Were\" and \"Between a Mother and Her Child,\" all of which have reached the Sunday Times' Top 10 best sellers. Her novel The Reading Group reached number one. Her new novel, Letters to Iris, publishes on April 5, 2018. Elizabeth Noble was born in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire to a banker father and a homemaker mother. She is the","respectable, it was popular, and it paid generously. It also provided a venue where Whitman could join with other writers in exploring the meaning of literary nationalism and cultural democracy for the new era.\" The Galaxy (magazine) Galaxy Magazine, or The Galaxy, was an American monthly magazine founded by William Conant Church and his brother Francis P. Church in 1866. In 1868, Sheldon and Company gained financial control of the magazine and it was eventually absorbed by \"The Atlantic Monthly\" in 1878. Notable contributors to the magazine include Mark Twain, Walt Whitman and Henry James. In 1861, after the start","Endless Night (novel) Endless Night is a crime novel by Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 30 October 1967 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company the following year. The UK edition retailed at eighteen shillings (18/-) and the US edition at $4.95. It was one of her favourites of her own works and received some of the warmest critical notices of her career upon publication. The title comes from William Blake's \"Auguries of Innocence\": Michael Rogers, a footloose, seemingly nonchalant, working-class dabbler, narrates the story. He has a close relationship","trial. It was not until the 1933 case \"United States v. One Book Called Ulysses\" that the novel could be published in the United States without fear of prosecution. Obscenity trial of Ulysses in The Little Review The obscenity trial over the publication of James Joyce's \"Ulysses\" in \"The Little Review\", an American literary magazine, occurred in 1921 and effectively banned publication of Joyce's novel in the United States. After \"The Little Review\" published the \"Nausicaa\" episode of \"Ulysses\" in the 1920 July–August issue of the magazine, the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice instigated obscenity charges against","Comfort (magazine) Comfort was a mail order magazine published in Augusta, Maine from 1888 to 1942. Published by Gannet & Morris and edited initially by William H. Gannet, \"Comfort\" was touted as \"the key to happiness and success in over a million and quarter homes.\" In 1888, William H. Gannet created \"Comfort\" primarily as a means to advertise his patent medicine, Giant Oxien, a variant of The Moxie Nerve Food. \"Comfort\"s circulation increased from 13,000, in 1888, to 1.3 million, in 1894, which made \"Comfort\" the first publication in America to reach a circulation of 1 million. In order to","Magazine\", has praised Baen's approach in an interview in \"The New York Times\", saying \"Baen has shown that putting up electronic versions of books doesn't cost you sales. It gains you a larger audience for all of your books. As a result, they've done quite well.\" Baen's first run at magazine-style book publishing took place in the late 1970s, in the form of \"Destinies\", a quarterly 'bookazine' that featured fiction and non-fiction by well-known and new authors that Baen was promoting. It was published by Ace, where Baen was employed at the time. Under the aegis of Baen Books in","The Guardian's 100 Best Novels Written in English Bondage by W Somerset Maugham (1915) 45. The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton (1920) 46. Ulysses by James Joyce (1922) 47. Babbitt by Sinclair Lewis (1922) 48. A Passage to India by EM Forster (1924) 49. Gentlemen Prefer Blondes by Anita Loos (1925) 50. Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf (1925) 51. The Great Gatsby by F Scott Fitzgerald (1925) 52. Lolly Willowes by Sylvia Townsend Warner (1926) 53. The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway (1926) 54. The Maltese Falcon by Dashiell Hammett (1929) 55. As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner (1930) 56. Brave New World by Aldous","The café ACBC seen in the manga was inspired by a real one called Genso Katsudo Shashin Kan. \"Kimagure Orange Road\" was written and illustrated by Izumi Matsumoto and serialized in \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\" from issue No. 15 on March 26, 1984 to No. 42 on September 28, 1987. The 156 individual chapters were collected into 18 \"tankōbon\" volumes by Shueisha from September 10, 1985 through August 4, 1995. The series was republished in a 10 volume \"aizōban\" edition, and a 10 volume \"bunkoban\" edition. A special chapter, \"Panic in the Bathhouse!\", was created for Matsumoto's \"Comic On\" CD-ROM manga","the magazine with Thayer. In 1920, Scofield Thayer and Dr. James Sibley Watson. Jr. re-established \"The Dial\" as a literary magazine, the form for which it was most successful and best known. Under Watson's and Thayer's sway \"The Dial\" published remarkably influential artwork, poetry and fiction, including William Butler Yeats' \"The Second Coming\" and the first United States publication of T. S. Eliot's \"The Waste Land\". \"The Waste Land\", however, barely made it to the pages of \"The Dial\". Ezra Pound, the magazine's foreign advisor/editor (1920–1923), suggested the poem for publication. Thayer, having never seen the work, approved it for","Brideshead Revisited Brideshead Revisited, The Sacred & Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder is a novel by English writer Evelyn Waugh, first published in 1945. It follows, from the 1920s to the early 1940s, the life and romances of the protagonist Charles Ryder, including his friendship with the Flytes, a family of wealthy English Catholics who live in a palatial mansion called Brideshead Castle. Ryder has relationships with two of the Flytes: Sebastian and Julia. The novel explores themes including nostalgia for the age of English aristocracy, Catholicism, and the nearly overt homosexuality of Sebastian Flyte's coterie at Oxford University.","Ōoku: The Inner Chambers Ōoku: The Inner Chambers The manga has been serialized in Hakusensha's josei magazine \"Melody\" since 2005. Hakusensha has released thirteen \"tankōbon\" volumes to date, starting in September 29, 2005. The manga is licensed in North America by Viz Media and in Taiwan by Sharp Point Press. In addition to winning an Excellence Prize at the 2006 Japan Media Arts Festival and a special prize at The Japanese Association of Feminist Science Fiction and Fantasy's fifth annual Sense of Gender Awards in 2005, the manga was nominated for the first annual Manga Taishō in 2008 and three times for the Tezuka","Black and White (magazine) Black and White: A Weekly Illustrated Record and Review was a British illustrated weekly periodical founded in 1891 by Charles Norris Williamson. In 1912 it was incorporated with \"The Sphere\". In its first year \"Black and White\" published 'A Straggler of '15', a short story by Conan Doyle, and began serializing 'The South Seas', a series of letters by Robert Louis Stevenson. It published fiction by Henry James, Bram Stoker, H. G. Wells, Robert Barr, A. E. W. Mason, Jerome K. Jerome and E. Nesbit. Others who wrote for \"Black and White\" included Samuel Bensusan (1872–1958),","Vivienne Haigh-Wood, who suggested the journal's name. \"The Criterion\" became the first English periodical to publish Marcel Proust, Paul Valéry and Jean Cocteau. Lady Rothermere (Mary Lilian Share, the wife of the London newspaper magnate Harold Harmsworth, Viscount Rothermere) originally financed the journal, but on reading the first issue, she wrote three letters to Eliot criticizing it, and suggested ideas for later issues, including a story by Katherine Mansfield. After four years she withdrew her support and the magazine was acquired by Eliot's employer, Faber and Gwyer Publishing (later Faber & Faber). From January 1926, when Faber became the publisher,","Reader's Digest Reader's Digest is an American general-interest family magazine, published ten times a year. Formerly based in Chappaqua, New York, it is now headquartered in Midtown Manhattan. The magazine was founded in 1922, by DeWitt Wallace and Lila Bell Wallace. For many years, \"Reader's Digest\" was the best-selling consumer magazine in the United States; it lost the distinction in 2009 to \"Better Homes and Gardens\". According to Mediamark Research (2006), \"Reader's Digest\" reaches more readers with household incomes of $100,000+ than \"Fortune\", \"The Wall Street Journal\", \"Business Week\", and \"Inc.\" combined. Global editions of \"Reader's Digest\" reach an additional","The Lovely House \"The Lovely House\" is a gothic short story and weird tale by American writer Shirley Jackson first published in 1950. The story features several overtly gothic elements, including a possibly haunted house, doubling, and the blurring of real and imaginary. The story was published in Jackson's posthumous collection \"Come Along With Me\" in 1968 (reprinted by Penguin Classics in 2013) under the title \"A Visit.\" It was later reprinted in the anthology \"American Gothic Tales\", edited by Joyce Carol Oates, in 1996. American literary critic S.T. Joshi claims that \"The Lovely House\" exemplifies the \"'quiet weird tale'","unable to find the hidden room; and the house is burned during the Civil War. The imprisoned discoverer is never seen or heard of again. The Spook House \"The Spook House\" is a Gothic short story of a haunted house by American Civil War soldier, wit, and writer Ambrose Bierce. It was first published in \"The San Francisco Examiner\" on July 7, 1889. According to H. P. Lovecraft, the story is \"told with a severely homely air of journalistic verisimilitude\", yet \"conveys terrible hints of shocking mystery\". In 1858 an entire family of seven persons disappears suddenly and unaccountably from","Obsidian House Publishing Obsidian House Publishing (OHP) is one of the oldest publishing houses, and it predates more famous houses like Faber and Faber (founded in 1925) and Jonathan Cape (1919). OHP was founded in 1856 in London, England, and it continued publishing until 2002. The publishing house has recently been revived by Barbara Jung. The firm was founded as a bookseller that published and sold serialised stories appearing in magazines like Household Words. OHP has played a relatively minor role in publishing by focusing on lesser-known Victorian novels, including the Betty series, as well as more risque novels of","Popular Mechanics Popular Mechanics is a magazine of popular science and technology. Popular Mechanics was first published by Henry Haven Windsor, January 11, 1902. It has been owned since 1958 by Hearst Communications. There are nine international editions, including a now-defunct Latin American version that had been published for decades, and a newer South African edition. The Russian edition of \"Popular Mechanics\" has been issued since 2002. In 2013, the US edition changed from twelve to ten issues per year. \"Popular Mechanics\" features regular sections on automotive, home, outdoors, science, and technology topics. A recurring column is \"Jay Leno's Garage\"","the secret room within one's heart where the inner light is found. Ellis and his fellow Quakers are imprisoned and illegally condemned to death, but are released following the direct intervention of the king. Nevertheless, they decide to leave Wales for a better life in America. The Secret Room Y Stafell Ddirgel (in English, The Secret Room) is a novel by Marion Eames written in the Welsh language and first published in 1969. An English translation was published in 1975 under the title \"The Secret Room\". In 2001 a highly successful television adaptation appeared on S4C. The novel is concerned","Tropic of Cancer (novel) Tropic of Cancer is a novel by Henry Miller that has been described as \"notorious for its candid sexuality\" and as responsible for the \"free speech that we now take for granted in literature\". It was first published in 1934 by the Obelisk Press in Paris, France, but this edition was banned in the United States. Its publication in 1961 in the U.S. by Grove Press led to obscenity trials that tested American laws on pornography in the early 1960s. In 1964, the U.S. Supreme Court declared the book non-obscene. It is regarded as an important","Seven Sisters (magazines) for grocery stores (Piggly Wiggly and A&P); \"McCall's\" and \"Redbook\" were known for a text-heavy format focusing on quality fiction; \"Good Housekeeping\" was aimed at affluent housewives. \"Ladies' Home Journal\" was originally a single-page supplement to a general interest magazine, while \"Better Homes and Gardens\" began as a blending of woman's magazine and home design journal. Through the 1990s, in the face of declining readership and advertising revenue, the Seven Sisters attempted to differentiate themselves from each other and from the rest of the market, relying on either incremental tweaks to their formula or wholesale changes in the format of","first serialised in the US in \"The Saturday Evening Post\" in seven instalments from 7 November (Volume 209, Number 19) to 19 December 1936 (Volume 209, Number 25) under the title \"Poirot Loses a Client\" with illustrations by Henry Raleigh. In the UK, the novel was serialised as an abridged version in the weekly \"Women's Pictorial\" magazine in seven instalments from 20 February (Volume 33, Number 841) to 3 April 1937 (Volume 33, Number 847) under the title \"Mystery of Littlegreen House\". There were no chapter divisions and all of the instalments carried illustrations by \"Raleigh\". Dumb Witness Dumb Witness","Witch House Witch House is a fantasy novel by American writer Evangeline Walton. It was published in 1945 by Arkham House in an edition of 3,000 copies. It was the first full-length novel to be published by Arkham House and was listed as the initial book in the Library of Arkham House Novels of Fantasy and Terror. An expanded version, with a newly-written 20,000-word prologue, was published in England in 1950. In 2013, Centipede Press issued the first American edition of this revised version, also including previously unpublished writings by Walton and several of her short stories. According to Robert","Quiet Days in Clichy (novel) home with an acrobat named Corinne and a Danish woman, named Christine. The four of them have a spontaneous orgy, which upsets Christine, who is laughed at by the other three. The thin volume was initially written in New York shortly after Miller’s return from Paris in 1940, and revised in Big Sur in 1956, while he was working on \"Nexus\". The book was first published in France by Olympia Press in 1956. Following Miller’s victory in the obscenity trial for \"Tropic of Cancer\", \"Quiet Days in Clichy\" was finally published in the United States by Grove Press in 1965.","The Light That Failed published by John W. Lovell in New York but it was delayed, allowing for Lippincott's Magazine to publish it first in January 1891. The novel, Kipling's first ever, was published in four different versions over a period of two years. The \"Lippincott\" edition had twelve chapters and a happy ending. However, Kipling had originally written a fifteen chapter version that ended with Dick's death. Deciding that this would be too sad for public consumption, he changed it to end with the protagonists' engagement. \"Lippincott\" paid Kipling $800 for the novel. The fifteen chapter edition would later be published as a","Corporation, and has a circulation of nine million readers. From 1920 to 1924, \"Literary Review\" was a Saturday supplement to the \"New York Evening Post\". In 1924, it became a separate publication entitled \"The Saturday Review of Literature\" In 1942, the name was shortened to \"The Saturday Review\". McCall Corporation purchased the magazine in 1961. It changed ownership several times after 1977, and ceased publication in 1986. In 1951, McCall Corporation began publishing \"Better Living\". The 100-page monthly magazine sold for five cents, and was distributed through stores that were members of the Super Market Institute. It ceased publication in","magazine. Hothouse (novel) Hothouse is a 1962 science fiction novel by British writer Brian Aldiss, composed of five novelettes that were originally serialised in \"The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction\" in 1961. In the US, an abridged version was published as The Long Afternoon of Earth; the full version was not published there until 1976. In 2009, IDW Publishing repackaged the novel with a new introduction by Clifford Meth. In the novel, Earth now has one side constantly facing the sun (which is larger and hotter than it is at present) so it has become a veritable hothouse, where","than earlier volumes. Wolfen Moondaughter said that when reading the 18th volume she felt she was reading three \"tankōbon\", and that there was \"a lot packed into this manga\". Kaze Hikaru The series has been published in Japan by Shogakukan since 1997. In North America, the manga is published by Viz Media in its \"Shojo Beat\" magazine from July 2005 to September 2006. The series received the Shogakukan Manga Award for the \"shōjo\" demographic in 2003. It has been well received by manga critics, who praised its historical background, art and characters. It has sold 6 million copies and has","The Spook House \"The Spook House\" is a Gothic short story of a haunted house by American Civil War soldier, wit, and writer Ambrose Bierce. It was first published in \"The San Francisco Examiner\" on July 7, 1889. According to H. P. Lovecraft, the story is \"told with a severely homely air of journalistic verisimilitude\", yet \"conveys terrible hints of shocking mystery\". In 1858 an entire family of seven persons disappears suddenly and unaccountably from a plantation house in eastern Kentucky, leaving all its possessions untouched — furniture, clothing, food supplies, horses, cattle, and slaves. About a year later two","Bazaar-e-Husn Bazaar-e-Husn () or Seva Sadan () is a Hindustani novel by Munshi Premchand. It was originally written in Urdu under the title \"Bazaar-e-Husn\" (\"Market of Beauty\" or Red-light district) but was first published in Hindi from Calcutta as \"Seva Sadan\" (\"The House of Service\"), in 1919. It was published in Urdu, in 1924, from Lahore. \"Bazaar-e-Husn\" was Premchand's first major novel; before it, he had published four novellas in Urdu of about 100 pages each. K. Subramaniam adapted the novel as a Tamil movie, \"Sevasadanam\" (1938), which was the first film for the famous Carnatic music singer, M. S.","Awake! Awake! is an illustrated religious magazine published every four months by Jehovah's Witnesses via the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. It is considered to be a companion magazine of \"The Watchtower\", and is distributed by Jehovah's Witnesses in their door-to-door ministry, with a total worldwide circulation of over 75 million copies in 204 languages per issue. The magazine was originally published bimonthly under the name The Golden Age on October 1, 1919, by the International Bible Students Association. (In 1930 it was published in Danish under the name New World.) On October 6, 1937, it was","Ladies' Home Journal Ladies' Home Journal is an American magazine published by the Meredith Corporation. It was first published on February 16, 1883, and eventually became one of the leading women's magazines of the 20th century in the United States. From 1891 it was published in Philadelphia by the Curtis Publishing Company. In 1903, it was the first American magazine to reach one million subscribers. In the late 20th century, changing tastes and competition from television caused it to lose circulation. Sales of the magazine ensued as the publishing company struggled. On April 24, 2014, Meredith announced it would stop","McCall's McCall's was a monthly American women's magazine, published by the McCall Corporation, that enjoyed great popularity through much of the 20th century, peaking at a readership of 8.4 million in the early 1960s. It was established as a small-format magazine called The Queen in 1873. In 1897 it was renamed McCall's Magazine—The Queen of Fashion (later shortened to \"McCall's\") and subsequently grew in size to become a large-format glossy. It was one of the \"Seven Sisters\" group of women's service magazines. \"McCall's\" published fiction by such well-known authors as Alice Adams, Ray Bradbury, Gelett Burgess, Willa Cather, Jack Finney,","Light House: A Trifle When they land on the island, Briscoe runs into the lighthouse and blows himself up. Amongst the rubble of the lighthouse, Picasso notices the inscription \"MORTE D'AUTHOR\" painted on one of the surrounding rocks and says to the innkeeper \"He's been thinking about this for some time, George.\" Monahan wrote the novel while studying Elizabethan and Jacobean drama at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Monahan completed a draft of \"Light House\" on May 18, 1991, but then \"stuck it in a drawer\". It remained unpublished until 1993 when he gave it to the literary magazine \"Old Crow Review\" to serialize","Girls of Lighthouse Lane\" \"Full House: Dear Michelle\" \"Two of a Kind\" \"So Little Time\" \"The Nightmare Room\" \"Confessions of a Teen Nanny\" \"The Dating Game\" \"The Party Room\" Parachute Publishing Parachute Press is a division of Parachute Publishing, a packager of book series for children and teenagers. The four women listed as the company's principals are all themselves authors of children's books (among others), and Jane Stine is married to R. L. Stine. The press first gained notice with the 1989 publication of R. L. Stine's Fear Street series, followed in 1992 by the release of the first of","spectator sport\". Light House: A Trifle Light House: A Trifle, a 2000 satirical novel by American screenwriter William Monahan. Originally serialized in the Amherst literary magazine \"Old Crow Review\" from 1993 to 1995, Monahan sold \"Light House\" to Riverhead Books, a Penguin Group imprint, in 1998. Warner Bros. optioned the film rights while the novel was in manuscript and hired Monahan to write the screenplay adaptation. The novel was delayed for two years, with plans to release it alongside the upcoming film; however, the film was never produced. In 2000, \"Light House: A Trifle\" was finally published and garnered critical","\"Edgar Allan Poe‘s Lighthouse Keeper\", was loosely based on the story. While themes of isolation and unease in the building were preserved, the film took inspiration from Roger Corman's Poe adaptations from the 1960s. The Light-House \"The Light-House\" is the unofficial title of the last work written by Edgar Allan Poe. He did not live to finish it, and had barely begun it by the time of his death in 1849. The story is told as a series of diary entries, the first being New Year's Day, 1796. The setting is an island off the coast of Norway. On January"],"string":"[\n \"Robert Giroux former director of Faber & Faber. He published many novels rejected by other publishing houses, such as Bernard Malamud's \\\"The Natural\\\" (1952), Kerouac's \\\"The Town and the City\\\" (1950) and O'Connor's \\\"Wise Blood\\\" (1952). He also worked on Thomas Merton's autobiography, \\\"The Seven Storey Mountain\\\" (1948). Soon he became adept at finding new authors, and one of his first finds was the novelist and short-story writer Jean Stafford, who in turn introduced him to her husband, Robert Lowell, who was trying to find a publisher for his second book of poems. Impressed by Lowell's manuscript, Giroux published the collection \\\"Lord\",\n \"Samuel R. Delany Doubleday, marking Delany's departure from Ace) in 1968 alone, an extended interregnum in publication commenced until the release of \\\"Dhalgren\\\" (1975), abated only by two short stories, two comic book scripts, and an erotic novel, \\\"The Tides of Lust\\\" (1973), reissued in 1994 under Delany's preferred title, \\\"Equinox\\\". On New Year's Eve in 1968, Delany and Hacker moved to San Francisco, and again to London in the interim, before Delany returned to New York in the summer of 1971 as a resident of the Albert Hotel in Greenwich Village; from December 1972 to December 1974, Delany and Hacker lived in\",\n \"appears in this book. The Sunday Philosophy Club Series The Sunday Philosophy Club is a series of novels by the author Alexander McCall Smith. It is also the name of the first novel in the series, and an informal talking group founded by the main character Isabel Dalhousie. The series is set in Edinburgh. The title of the first book and of the series was suggested by McCall Smith's editor. The series of novels includes: \\\"The Sunday Philosophy Club\\\" marked a departure from the gentle Botswana setting of McCall Smith’s previous series: in an interview in May 2004, McCall Smith\",\n \"1951 and by 2002 had a distribution figure of 110 million across 34 languages. Below is a list of popular interior design magazines: Interior design magazine An interior design magazine is a publication that focuses primarily on interior design in a hard copy periodical format or on the Internet. Interior design magazines document the interior of homes, furniture, home accessories, textiles and architecture usually in a highly stylized or staged format. They may also feature cafes, historic houses, eco-friendly living and cutting-edge design. Each issue or publication often acts as a “how to” guide for interior decorating and styling, as\",\n \"Vincent Calvino Vincent Calvino is a fictional Bangkok-based private eye created by Christopher G. Moore in the Vincent Calvino Private Eye series. Vincent Calvino first appeared in 1992 in \\\"Spirit House\\\", the first novel in the series. His latest appearance is in \\\"Jumpers\\\", the 16th novel in the series published in October 2016. \\\"“Hewn from the hard-boiled Dashiell Hammett/Raymond Chandler model, Calvino is a tough, somewhat tarnished hero with a heart of gold.”\\\"—Mark Schreiber, The Japan Times. Moore’s protagonist, Vincent Calvino, half Jewish and half Italian, is an ex-lawyer from New York, who, under ambiguous circumstances, gave up law practice\",\n \"Millen Brand 1935, Brand joined the League of American Writers (1935-1943), whose members included Alexander Trachtenberg of International Publishers, Frank Folsom, Louis Untermeyer, I.F. Stone, Myra Page, Arthur Miller, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. (Members were largely either Communist Party members or fellow travelers.) In 1937, he wrote his first and most famous novel, \\\"The Outward Room,\\\" based in part on his experience as a psychiatric aide. The novel was a bestseller and was adapted for Broadway as \\\"The World We Make.\\\" After establishing himself as a writer, he was able to acquire a post as a book editor for Crown Publishers.\",\n \"eminent authors such as Peter Singer, Harper Lee, Zora Neale Hurston, Aldous Huxley, Russell Banks, Thomas Pynchon, Milan Kundera, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Sylvia Plath, and Thornton Wilder among many others. Harper Perennial Harper Perennial is a paperback imprint of the publishing house HarperCollins Publishers. Harper Perennial has divisions located in New York, London, Toronto, and Sydney. The imprint is descended from the Perennial Library imprint founded by Harper & Row in 1964. In Fall of 2005, Harper Perennial rebranded with a new logo (an Olive) and a distinct editorial direction emphasizing fiction and non-fiction from new and young authors. In\",\n \"#19 (Nov. 1940). Wonder Woman was introduced in a nine-page story in \\\"All Star Comics\\\" #8 (Jan. 1942), the product of psychologist William Moulton Marston (under the pseudonym Charles Moulton) and Max Charles Gaines, and drawn by artist Harry G. Peter. All-American Publications All-American Publications is one of three American comic book companies that merged to form the modern day DC Comics, one of two largest publishers of comic books in the United States. Superheroes created for All-American include the original Atom, Flash, Green Lantern, Hawkman, and Wonder Woman, all in the 1940s' Golden Age of Comic Books. Max Gaines,\",\n \"Motion Picture Magazine Motion Picture was an American monthly fan magazine about film, published from 1911 to 1977. It was later published by Macfadden Publications. The magazine was established by Vitagraph Studios co-founder J. Stuart Blackton and partner Eugene V. Brewster under the title The Motion Picture Story Magazine. In contrast to earlier film magazines such as \\\"The Moving Picture World\\\", which where aimed at film exhibitors, \\\"The Motion Picture Story Magazine\\\" was aimed at regular film goers. It has been regarded as the first fan magazine. The magazine was very successful from its inception, with an initial run of\",\n \"Works' manga magazine \\\"Dengeki Daioh\\\" sold on April 21, 2008. After a lengthy hiatus, the manga ended serialization in the March 2015 issue. The story was written by Mikage and Yū Kagami, two scenario writers of Minori, and illustrated by Juri Miyabi. Ten \\\"tankōbon\\\" volumes were published under ASCII Media Works' Dengeki Comics imprint between February 27, 2006 and January 27, 2015. A series of 24 short side-stories in a light novel form were serialized under the title \\\"Ef: A Fairy Tale of the Two Another Tale\\\" in Kadokawa Shoten's seinen magazine \\\"Comptiq\\\" between the July 2006 and July 2008\",\n \"Aunt Phillis's Cabin Aunt Phillis's Cabin; or, Southern Life As It Is by Mary Henderson Eastman is a plantation fiction novel, and is perhaps the most read anti-Tom novel in American literature. It was published by Lippincott, Grambo & Co. of Philadelphia in 1852 as a response to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \\\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\\\", published earlier that year. The novel sold 20,000–30,000 copies, making it a strong commercial success and bestseller. Based on her growing up in Warrenton, Virginia of an elite planter family, Eastman portrays plantation owners and slaves as mutually respectful, kind, and happy beings. Published in 1852,\",\n \"The Youth's Companion The Youth's Companion (1827–1929), known in later years as simply The Companion—For All the Family, was an American children's magazine that existed for over one hundred years until it finally merged with \\\"The American Boy\\\" in 1929. The \\\"Companion\\\" was published in Boston, Massachusetts by the Perry Mason Company (later renamed \\\"Perry Mason & Co.\\\" after the founder died). From 1892 to 1915 it was based in the Youth's Companion Building, which is now on the National Register of Historic Places. Early issues of the \\\"Companion\\\" were centered on religion, having been created, in the words of\",\n \"non-fiction, the Publishing Triangle-Judy Grahn Nonfiction Award, and the Lambda Literary Award in the \\\"Lesbian Memoir and Biography\\\" category. \\\"Fun Home\\\" was nominated for the 2007 Eisner Awards in two categories, Best Reality-Based Work and Best Graphic Album, and Bechdel was nominated as Best Writer/Artist. \\\"Fun Home\\\" won the Eisner for Best Reality-Based Work. In 2008, \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" placed \\\"Fun Home\\\" at #68 in its list of \\\"New Classics\\\" (defined as \\\"the 100 best books from 1983 to 2008\\\"). \\\"The Guardian\\\" included \\\"Fun Home\\\" in its series \\\"1000 novels everyone must read\\\", noting its \\\"beautifully rendered\\\" details. In 2009, \\\"Fun\",\n \"cares for his lifeless corpse, telling him he can live with her for as long as he likes, free of charge. Looking into his empty eye sockets, Mrs. Flood thinks she sees a light twinkling inside them. \\\"Wise Blood\\\" began with four separate stories published in \\\"Mademoiselle\\\", \\\"Sewanee Review\\\", and \\\"Partisan Review\\\" in 1948 and 1949. Flannery O'Connor then published it as a complete novel in 1952, and Signet advertised it as \\\"A Searching Novel of Sin and Redemption.\\\" In the introduction to the 10th anniversary publication of \\\"Wise Blood\\\", O'Connor states that the book is about freedom, free will,\",\n \"Trouser Press Trouser Press was a rock and roll magazine started in New York in 1974 as a mimeographed fanzine by editor/publisher Ira Robbins, fellow Who fan Dave Schulps and Karen Rose under the name \\\"Trans-Oceanic Trouser Press\\\" (a reference to a song by the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band and an acronymic play on the British TV show \\\"Top of the Pops)\\\". Publication of the magazine ceased in 1984; the unexpired portion of mail subscriptions was completed by \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" sister publication \\\"Record\\\", which itself folded in 1985. \\\"Trouser Press\\\" has continued to exist in various formats. The magazine's original\",\n \"Putnam's Magazine Putnam's Monthly Magazine of American Literature, Science and Art was a monthly periodical published by G. P. Putnam's Sons featuring American literature and articles on science, art, and politics. It had three incarnations: first, edited by Charles Frederick Briggs from January 1853 to September 1857 (whereupon it merged with \\\"Emerson's United States Magazine\\\"); then, edited by C. F. Briggs, Edmund Clarence Stedman and Parke Godwin from January 1868 to November 1870 (whereupon it merged with \\\"Scribner's Monthly\\\"); then, edited by Jeannette Gilder and Joseph Gilder from October 1906 to April 1910 (whereupon it merged with the \\\"Atlantic Monthly\\\").\",\n \"True (magazine) True, also known as True, The Man's Magazine, was published by Fawcett Publications from 1937 until 1974. Known as \\\"True, A Man's Magazine\\\" in the 1930s, it was labeled \\\"True, #1 Man's Magazine\\\" in the 1960s. Petersen Publishing took over with the January 1975, issue. It was sold to Magazine Associates in August 1975, and ceased publication shortly afterward. High adventure, sports profiles and dramatic conflicts were highlighted in articles such as \\\"Living and Working at Nine Fathoms\\\" by Ed Batutis, \\\"Search for the Perfect Beer\\\" by Bob McCabe and the uncredited \\\"How to Start Your Own Hunting-Fishing\",\n \"a Nobel Prize (Saul Bellow, who won the Pulitzer Prize in Fiction and Nobel Prize in Literature in 1976), at least one Man Booker Prize (Alan Hollinghurst, 2004) and countless other honors. Yaddo is included in the Union Avenue Historic District. The estate was purchased in 1881 by the financier Spencer Trask and his wife, the writer Katrina Trask. The first mansion on the property burned down in 1893, and the Trasks then built the current house. Yaddo is a neologism invented by one of the Trask children and was meant to rhyme with \\\"shadow\\\". In 1900, after the premature\",\n \"is also eventually revealed to be a son of Lazarus Long, a Heinlein character originally introduced in \\\"Methuselah's Children\\\" and who reappeared in \\\"Time Enough for Love\\\", \\\"The Number of the Beast\\\", and \\\"To Sail Beyond the Sunset\\\". Also appearing are Jubal Harshaw, a major character in \\\"Stranger in a Strange Land\\\"; Galahad, of \\\"Time Enough for Love\\\"; and Manuel Garcia O'Kelly Davis, the first-person voice of \\\"The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress\\\". The Cat Who Walks Through Walls The Cat Who Walks Through Walls is a science fiction novel by American writer Robert A. Heinlein, published in 1985. Like\",\n \"but that some colonists might still be alive in the mine tunnels that the colony was expected to have dug. Huyghens and Roane, along with the bears and the eagle, undertake a dangerous cross-country trek to determine the status of the authorized colony. Other than its original publication in the March 1956 issue of \\\"Astounding Science Fiction\\\", \\\"Exploration Team\\\" did not see any other magazine publication until the May 1962 issue (No. 43) of the French-language magazine \\\"Satellite\\\", as \\\"Les meilleurs amis de l'homme\\\" (\\\"Man's Best Friends\\\"). The story has been anthologized at least ten times, including thrice in Italian\",\n \"2010. Corduroy Mansions Corduroy Mansions is the first online novel by Alexander McCall Smith, author of The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency series. In the first series, the author wrote a chapter a day, starting on 15 Sep 2008, the series running for 20 weeks and totalling 100 episodes. The daily chapters, read by Andrew Sachs were also available as an audio download. The second and third series were published online, running from Monday 21 September 2009 and Monday 13 September 2010, respectively. The concept for \\\"Corduroy Mansions\\\" is based on Charles Dickens’ episodic writing – which were novels serialised\",\n \"St. Nicholas Magazine Fauntleroy\\\" first appeared as a \\\"St. Nicholas\\\" serial, beginning in the November 1885 issue. Her novella \\\"Sara Crewe\\\" appeared in the December 1887 issue. Other novels to be serialized in \\\"St. Nicholas\\\" were Louisa May Alcott's \\\"Eight Cousins\\\" and Mark Twain's \\\"Tom Sawyer Abroad\\\". Dodge asked Rudyard Kipling to do a fiction series, and he sent her the \\\"Jungle Book\\\" stories. Within a few years, \\\"St. Nicholas\\\" increased in size to 96 pages, and reached a circulation of 70,000 subscribers. In 1881, the Scribner publishing house withdrew from ownership of its two magazines, and they were purchased by The Century\",\n \"pseudonym for author Dan Ross, and were published by Paperback Library. Ross also wrote a novelization of the theatrical film \\\"House of Dark Shadows\\\". The second series of books consists of three novels by Lara Parker, \\\"Angelique's Descent\\\", \\\"The Salem Branch\\\" and \\\"Wolf Moon Rising\\\", as well as \\\"Dreams of the Dark\\\", by horror authors Elizabeth Massie and Stephen Mark Rainey. There also have been several books about \\\"Dark Shadows\\\", including \\\"The Dark Shadows Almanac\\\" and \\\"The Dark Shadows Companion\\\". During its original run, \\\"Dark Shadows\\\" was featured in many magazines, including \\\"Afternoon TV\\\", \\\"Castle of Frankenstein\\\", \\\"Daytime TV\\\", and\",\n \"then subsequently shortened as \\\"The American Magazine\\\" until publication ceased in 1956. It kept continuous volume numbering throughout its history. In June 1906, muckraking journalists Ray Stannard Baker, Lincoln Steffens and Ida M. Tarbell left \\\"McClure's\\\" to help create \\\"The American Magazine\\\". Baker contributed articles using the pseudonym David Grayson. Under John Sanborn Phillips, who served as editor until 1915, the monthly magazine departed somewhat from the muckraking style and focused on human interest stories, social issues and fiction. Initially published by his Phillips Publishing Company of Springfield, Ohio, it later was taken over by Crowell Publishing Company in 1911,\",\n \"\\\"Home Weekly\\\". Byrne published her novel \\\"Softly Softly\\\" in 1958, under the pen name Marie Byrne. Byrne died at coastal Old House Farm, West Itchenor, West Sussex England in 1961 whereas her main home was declared to be 3 Watford Home, Northwood, Middlesex. Her estate was publicly sworn at £16,673 (). Her executors were Mrs Natalie W V Wolff, Mrs Phyllis R Doyle and Miles Austin Byrne, an actor-relative. Mary Freeman Byrne Mary Freeman Byrne (née Keith) (4 October 1886 – 18 January 1961) who sometimes wrote under the pen name Marie Byrne, was an American author. Byrne was born\",\n \"The Guardian's 100 Best Novels Written in English Golden Notebook by Doris Lessing (1962) 82. A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess (1962) 83. A Single Man by Christopher Isherwood (1964) 84. In Cold Blood by Truman Capote (1966) 85. The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath (1966) 86. Portnoy’s Complaint by Philip Roth (1969) 87. Mrs Palfrey at the Claremont by Elizabeth Taylor (1971) 88. Rabbit Redux by John Updike (1971) 89. Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison (1977) 90. A Bend in the River by VS Naipaul (1979) 91. Midnight’s Children by Salman Rushdie (1981) 92. Housekeeping by Marilynne Robinson (1981) 93. Money: A Suicide Note by Martin\",\n \"Carroll Watson Rankin published in 1904 by Henry Holt and Company. She first wrote the story serially for her own children. Considered a regional classic in the Midwest, it tells of four young girls who negotiate the use of a derelict cottage belonging to a church as a playhouse by pulling dandelions for the senior warden of the church, prosperous Mr. Black. The real life model for Mr. Black is generally acknowledged to be Marquette businessman and philanthropist, Peter White. The original Dandelion Cottage is located at 440 East Arch and is privately owned. Now that the book is in public domain, it\",\n \"R. L. Stine John Holmstrom), \\\"Phil Fly\\\", \\\"Don't You Wish...\\\", \\\"Doctor Duck\\\", \\\"The Teens of Ferret High\\\", \\\"First Date\\\" (a comic strip by Alyse Newman), and \\\"Ask Doctor Si N. Tific\\\". In 1986, Stine wrote his first horror novel, called \\\"Blind Date\\\". He followed with many other novels, including \\\"The Babysitter\\\", \\\"Beach House\\\", \\\"Hit and Run\\\", and \\\"The Girlfriend\\\". He was also the co-creator and head writer for the Nickelodeon Network children's television show \\\"Eureeka's Castle\\\", original episodes of which aired as part of the Nick Jr. programming block during the 1989-1995 seasons. In 1989, Stine started writing \\\"Fear Street\\\" books. Before launching\",\n \"Subhash Chandran novel was originally serialised in \\\"Mathrubhumi Weekly\\\" in 2009. The State Women's Commission had served a notice on the weekly alleging that women were depicted in a bad light in an advertisement of the novel. The novel was published as a book by DC Books in 2010. It was a great critical success and to date remains one of the best-selling books in Malayalam. The novel won numerous awards including the Vayalar Award (2015), Kendra Sahithya Academy Award (2015) Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award (2011) Odakkuzhal Award (2011), FOKANA Award (2012), Bhasha Institute's Basheer Puraskaaram (2012)and Kovilan Puraskaaram (2012). Manushyanu oru\",\n \"novels of the late 20th century and provides a lengthy review within its \\\"Horror Fiction\\\" section. Ricky Hawthorne is mentioned in the author's 1983 novel \\\"Floating Dragon\\\", in which it is stated that he is the uncle of a victim in the latter book. The town of Milburn briefly appears in \\\"Koko\\\", published in 1988. Ghost Story (Straub novel) Ghost Story is a horror novel by American writer Peter Straub. It was published on January 1, 1979 by Coward, McCann and Geoghegan. The book was adapted into a film by the same name in 1981, minus the novel's fifth protagonist\",\n \"Publishers Weekly Publishers Weekly (PW) is an American weekly trade news magazine targeted at publishers, librarians, booksellers and literary agents. Published continuously since 1872, it has carried the tagline, \\\"The International News Magazine of Book Publishing and Bookselling\\\". With 51 issues a year, the emphasis today is on book reviews. The magazine was founded by bibliographer Frederick Leypoldt in the late 1860s, and had various titles until Leypoldt settled on the name The Publishers' Weekly (with an apostrophe) in 1872. The publication was a compilation of information about newly published books, collected from publishers and from other sources by Leypoldt,\",\n \"in small US comic size softcover editions). El Capitan Books El Capitan Books is an American comic book and graphic novel publisher, which exclusively publishes the work of its founder, David Lapham. El Capitan's first release was \\\"Stray Bullets\\\" #1 in 1995, and the company is still best known for publishing this comic book series which continues today. Other series which it has released include \\\"Murder Me Dead\\\" #1–9 (2000–2001) and \\\"The Parallax Man\\\" (2005). The company is also well known for its collections of \\\"Stray Bullets\\\" stories (\\\"Innocence of Nihilism\\\", \\\"Somewhere Out West\\\", \\\"Other People\\\", and \\\"Dark Days\\\") in\",\n \"WSJ. WSJ. or WSJ. Magazine, which was originally intended to be a monthly magazine named Pursuits, is a luxury glossy news and lifestyle monthly magazine by the publishers of \\\"The Wall Street Journal\\\". It features luxury consumer products advertisements and is distributed to subscribers in large United States markets as well as throughout Europe and Asia. Its coverage spans art, fashion, entertainment, design, food, architecture, travel and more. Kristina O’Neill is Editor in Chief and Anthony Cenname is Publisher. Launched as a quarterly in 2008, the magazine grew to 12 issues a year for 2014. The magazine is distributed within\",\n \"The Shipping News The Shipping News is a novel by American author E. Annie Proulx and published by Charles Scribner's Sons in 1993. It won the Pulitzer Prize, the U.S. National Book Award, as well as other awards. It was adapted as a film of the same name which was released in 2001. The story centers around Quoyle, a newspaper reporter from upstate New York, whose father had emigrated from Newfoundland. Shortly after his parents' joint suicide, Quoyle's unfaithful and abusive wife Petal Bear leaves town with a lover and attempts to sell their daughters Bunny and Sunshine to sex\",\n \"fall into the category of mind-body-spirit such as Wayne Dyer, Suze Orman, Deepak Chopra, Marianne Williamson, Sylvia Browne, Travis Smiley and Doreen Virtue. Reid Tracy joined Hay House as an accountant in 1988. He went on to take over as the CEO in 1990 at the age of 25. They are headquartered in Carlsbad, California with auxiliary offices in New York, London, Sydney, Johannesburg, and New Delhi. As of 2018, Hay House reports that they publish books by more than 130 authors and sells their products and services in over 35 countries and that they employ over 100 full time\",\n \"the fight in the Broken Drum) were Discworld fans who were selected via various website and Newsletters. The Light Fantastic The Light Fantastic is a comic fantasy novel by Terry Pratchett, the second of the \\\"Discworld\\\" series. It was published on 2 June 1986, the first printing being of 1,034 copies. The title is a quote from a poem by John Milton and in the original context referred to dancing lightly with extravagance. The events of the novel are a direct continuation of those in the preceding book, \\\"The Colour of Magic\\\" (the only \\\"Discworld\\\" novel to follow on in\",\n \"Lighthouse (band) May 14, 1969, at the Rock Pile in Toronto, introduced by Duke Ellington with the words, \\\"I'm beginning to see the Light...house\\\". The band originally consisted of 13 members: One of the first Lighthouse concerts was at Carnegie Hall, and in its first year the band also played at Fillmore East, Fillmore West, Toronto, Boston, the Atlantic City Pop Festival, and the Monterey and Newport Jazz Festivals. A free concert at Toronto City Hall in the summer of 1969 drew a reported crowd of 25,000. Their first album, \\\"Lighthouse\\\", was released in 1969 by RCA from RCA's Toronto Eastern Sound\",\n \"A Contract with God A Contract with God and Other Tenement Stories is a graphic novel by American cartoonist Will Eisner published in 1978. The book's short story cycle revolves around poor Jewish characters who live in a tenement in New York City. Eisner produced two sequels set in the same tenement: \\\"A Life Force\\\" in 1988, and \\\"Dropsie Avenue\\\" in 1995. Though the term \\\"graphic novel\\\" did not originate with Eisner, the book is credited with popularizing its use. Four stand-alone stories make up the book: in \\\"A Contract with God\\\" a religious man gives up his faith after\",\n \"The Literary Voyager The Literary Voyager, also known as The Muzzeniegun (Ojibwe for ‘book’, also spelled Muzzinyegun) was a manuscript magazine produced by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft between December of 1826 and April of 1827, for a total of 16 issues. It is recognized as the first magazine published in Michigan, as well as the first periodical pertaining to Native American culture and mythology. The magazine contained mainly Ojibwe legends and history, as well as poems and stories written by Schoolcraft’s wife, Jane Johnston Schoolcraft, an Ojibwe woman who is now recognized as the first Native American literary writer. The majority\",\n \"The Motion of Light in Water The Motion of Light in Water: Sex and Science Fiction Writing in the East Village is an autobiography by science fiction author Samuel R. Delany in which he recounts his experiences as growing up a gay African American, as well as some of his time in an interracial and open marriage with Marilyn Hacker. It describes encounters with Albert Einstein, Bob Dylan, and Stokely Carmichael, a dinner with W. H. Auden, and a phone call to James Baldwin. Hazel Carby called it one of two contemporary autobiographies that are \\\"absolutely central to any consideration\",\n \"LETTERS LETTERS is an epistolary novel by the American writer John Barth, published in 1979. It consists of a series of letters in which Barth and the characters of his other books interact. In addition to the Author and Germaine Pitt (or 'Lady Amherst', unrelated to any of Barth's previous novels), the correspondents are Todd Andrews (from \\\"The Floating Opera\\\"), Jacob Horner (from \\\"The End of the Road\\\"), A.B. Cook (a descendent of Burlingame in \\\"The Sot-Weed Factor\\\"), Jerome Bray (associated with \\\"Giles Goat-Boy\\\" and \\\"Chimera\\\") and Ambrose Mensch (from \\\"Lost in the Funhouse\\\"). The book is subtitled \\\"An old\",\n \"Minister Pierre Trudeau, in defending the government's Omnibus bill and the decriminalization of homosexuality, coined the phrase \\\"There's no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation.\\\" The Globe and Mail The Globe and Mail is a Canadian newspaper printed in five cities in western and central Canada. With a weekly readership of 2,018,923 in 2015, it is Canada's most widely read newspaper on weekdays and Saturdays, although it falls slightly behind the \\\"Toronto Star\\\" in overall weekly circulation because the \\\"Star\\\" publishes a Sunday edition while the \\\"Globe\\\" does not. \\\"The Globe and Mail\\\" is regarded by\",\n \"Ladies' Home Journal 1974 Downe was acquired by Charter Company. In 1982 it sold the magazine to Family Media Inc., publishers of \\\"Health\\\" magazine, when Charter decided to divest its publishing interests. In 1986, the Meredith Corporation acquired the magazine from Family Media for $96 million. By 1998, the \\\"Journal\\\"'s circulation had dropped to 4.5 million. The magazine debuted an extensive visual and editorial redesign in its March 2012 issue. Photographer Brigitte Lacombe was hired to shoot cover photos, with Kate Winslet appearing on the first revamped issue. The \\\"Journal\\\" announced that portions of its editorial content would be crowdsourced from readers, who\",\n \"\\\"Young Ace\\\" magazine from July 4, 2009 to August 4, 2016. Kadokawa Shoten published ten \\\"tankōbon\\\" volumes from February 4, 2010 to February 4, 2017. The series is licensed in North America by Yen Press, who began releasing the series from July 24, 2012. On December 18, 2013, which refers to a pivotal date depicted in \\\"The Disappearance of Haruhi Suzumiya\\\", the official website for the \\\"Haruhi Suzumiya\\\" series \\\"vanished\\\" and was replaced by a fake error page containing a hidden link revealing that an anime adaptation of \\\"The Disappearance of Nagato Yuki-chan\\\" was in production. A year later, on\",\n \"Gourmet (magazine) Gourmet magazine was a monthly publication of Condé Nast and the first U.S. magazine devoted to food and wine. Founded by Earle R. MacAusland (1890–1980), Gourmet, first published in January 1941, also covered \\\"good living\\\" on a wider scale. On October 5, 2009 Condé Nast announced that \\\"Gourmet\\\" would cease monthly publication by the end of 2009, due to a decline in advertising sales and shifting food interests among the readership. Editor Ruth Reichl, in the middle of a tour promoting the \\\"Gourmet Today\\\" cookbook, confirmed that the magazine's November 2009 issue, distributed in mid-October, was the magazine's\",\n \"Todd Strasser Todd Strasser (born May 5, 1950) is an American writer of more than 140 young-adult and middle grade novels and many short stories and works of non-fiction, some written under the pen names Morton Rhue and T.S. Rue. Strasser was born in New York City. His first novel was \\\"Angel Dust Blues\\\" (1978). He is the father of two children, and an avid tennis player and surfer. In Germany, under the pen name Morton Rhue, he is the best-selling author of such novels as \\\"Die Welle,\\\" \\\"Dschihad Online,\\\" \\\"Ich knall euch ab!,\\\" \\\"Boot Camp,\\\" \\\"No Place, No Home,\\\"\",\n \"Fun Home Albert Camus' novel \\\"A Happy Death\\\" and essay \\\"The Myth of Sisyphus\\\". His careful construction of an aesthetic and intellectual world is compared to \\\"The Great Gatsby\\\" by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and the narrator suggests that Bruce Bechdel modeled elements of his life after Fitzgerald's, as portrayed in the biography \\\"The Far Side of Paradise\\\". His wife Helen is compared with the protagonists of the Henry James novels \\\"Washington Square\\\" and \\\"The Portrait of a Lady\\\". Helen Bechdel was an amateur actress, and plays in which she acted are also used to illuminate aspects of her marriage. She met Bruce\",\n \"Handy Writers' Colony by hand or typewriter, materials from authors whose work she admired. Originally conceived as a Utopian commune where budding artists could focus exclusively on their writing projects, the colony dissolved largely in part because of Handy's own erratic behavior and Jones' focus on his own novels. Many young writers found support at the Colony. Published writers associated with the Colony included James Jones, John Bowers, Tom T. Chamales, Edwin C. Daly, William Duhart, Jere Peacock, Jon Shirota, Jerry Tschappat (a.k.a. Gerald Tesch), and Charles S. Wright. The colony dissolved with the death of Lowney Handy in 1964. Published novels written\",\n \"(Glénat España) and Italian (Panini Comics) languages. \\\"Zetsuai 1989\\\" was the first shōnen-ai manga to be officially translated into German. Several albums were released relating to the \\\"Dokusen Yoku\\\" doujinshi, Zetsuai 1989 and Bronze since Zetsuai between 1988 and 1996. Several light novels were published by Shueisha. They were written by Akiyama Rin with illustrations by Minami Ozaki. The plot of novels is mostly connected to Nanjo family (\\\"Kaen Danshō\\\" series in particular), for example Kouji's elder brother Nanjo Hirose. At the time of its writing, the genre as a whole was not commonly recognised by those not creating it,\",\n \"Samuel Ashley Brown Samuel Ashley Brown (December 19, 1923 – June 24, 2011 ) was a professor emeritus at the University of South Carolina who taught English and comparative literature. While he founded the literary magazine \\\"Shenandoah\\\", his fame rests in great part on the fact that he was a confidant of two famous American women writers: the novelist Flannery O'Connor and the poet Elizabeth Bishop. Much was learned posthumously about both women when their respective correspondence with Brown was made public. Brown was born in Louisville and raised at 1221 4th street, in a Victorian home that would become\",\n \"American branch of Sanyusha. \\\"The Rose of Versailles\\\" was the first commercially translated manga to be available in North America. A snippet of the translated manga was also included in Schodt's \\\"Manga! Manga! The World of Japanese Comics\\\" book. Udon Entertainment has officially announced the publication rights, with a scheduled release for 2016. As of January 2018, Udon reported that most of the translation was complete and the series was going through editing. The \\\"Versailles no Bara Gaiden\\\" series is a collections of short stories written by Riyoko Ikeda. These stories were published in two separate magazines in 1974 (first\",\n \"statistical journal \\\"Significance\\\" analyses McEwan's representation of the famous mathematical conundrum: the Monty Hall Problem. Sweet Tooth (novel) Sweet Tooth is a novel by the English writer Ian McEwan, published on 21 August 2012. It deals with the experiences of its protagonist, Serena Frome, during the early 1970s. After graduating from Cambridge she is recruited by MI5, and becomes involved in a covert program to combat communism by infiltrating the intellectual world. When she becomes romantically involved with her mark, complications ensue. McEwan wanted to write a novel dealing with the social turmoil of the 1970s, and \\\"Sweet Tooth\\\" is\",\n \"The Light and the Dark The Light and the Dark is the fourth novel in C. P. Snow's \\\"Strangers and Brothers\\\" series. The book portrays narrator Lewis Eliot's friendship with Roy Calvert, and Calvert's inner turmoil and quest for meaning in life. Calvert was based on Snow's friend, Coptic scholar, Charles Allberry. Their relationship is developed further in \\\"The Masters\\\". Set in England in the lead-up to and during World War II, it portrays Lewis Eliot's friendship with the gifted scholar and remarkable individual Roy Calvert, and Calvert's inner turmoil and quest for meaning in life. The title—The Light and\",\n \"Lin Carter in manuscript. The seventh novel Carter wrote, it was the first to find a publisher, appearing from Ace Books in March 1965. Due in large part to their later collaborations, mutual promotion of each other in print, joint membership in both the Trap Door Spiders and SAGA, and complementary scholarly efforts to document the history of fantasy, de Camp is the person with whom Carter is most closely associated as a writer. A falling-out in the last decade of Carter's life did not become generally known until after his death. Carter was a prolific writer, producing an average of six\",\n \"Shirley Jackson began writing. After publishing her debut novel \\\"The Road Through the Wall\\\" (1948), a semi-autobiographical account of her childhood in California, Jackson gained significant public attention for her short story \\\"The Lottery,\\\" which details a secret, sinister underside to a bucolic American village. She continued to publish numerous short stories in literary journals and magazines throughout the 1950s, some of which were assembled and reissued in her 1953 memoir \\\"Life Among the Savages\\\". In 1959, she published \\\"The Haunting of Hill House\\\", a supernatural horror novel widely considered to be one of the best ghost stories ever written. A reclusive\",\n \"The Crime Club The Crime Club was an imprint of the Doubleday publishing company, which later spawned a 1946-47 anthology radio series. Many classic and popular works of detective and mystery fiction had their first U.S. editions published via the Crime Club, including all 50 books of The Saint by Leslie Charteris (1928-1983). The imprint also published first editions in Sax Rohmer's Fu Manchu series. The Crime Club began life in 1928 with the publication of \\\"The Desert Moon Mystery\\\" by Kay Cleaver Strahan, and ceased publication in 1991. In the intervening 63 years, The Crime Club published 2,492 titles.\",\n \"Traci Hunter Abramson have an enthusiastic fan base among Mormon readers. Abramson's first book, \\\"Undercurrents\\\", featured an Olympic-hopeful swimmer who is in witness protection. The Virginia Tech shooting inspired Abramson to write \\\"Lockdown\\\", a novel about a woman who survives a school shooting. She said the process of writing the novel helped her to heal from the trauma. Critics have praised Abramson's research and believable and likeable characters, though some of her plots have been criticized as predictable. Abramson received the novel of the year Whitney award in 2017 for \\\"Safe House\\\". Abramson received the best mystery/suspense Whitney Award in 2017 also for\",\n \"servitude\\\". The book was first published in Britain by Routledge in March 1944, during World War II, and was quite popular, leading Hayek to call it \\\"that unobtainable book\\\", also due in part to wartime paper rationing. It was published in the United States by the University of Chicago Press in September 1944 and achieved great popularity. At the arrangement of editor Max Eastman, the American magazine \\\"Reader's Digest\\\" published an abridged version in April 1945, enabling \\\"The Road to Serfdom\\\" to reach a wider popular audience beyond academics. \\\"The Road to Serfdom\\\" has had a significant impact on twentieth-century\",\n \"Audies Gala in May 2013. Various websites have suggested that the 2012 Bollywood film \\\"Jab Tak Hai Jaan\\\" might have drawn inspiration from the novel. The Italian band Daisy Chains has released an album titled \\\"A Story Has No Beginning or End\\\", which is the first line of the novel by G. Greene, and whose own second track is titled \\\"The End of the Affair\\\". The End of the Affair The End of the Affair (1951) is a novel by British author Graham Greene, as well as the title of two feature films (released in 1955 and 1999) that were\",\n \"for its romance, passion and drama. 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment has not announced plans to release this series on DVD and/or Blu-ray Disc. Fashion House is an adaptation in the original Cuban script \\\"Salir de Noche\\\" written by Euridice Charadian & Osvaldo Huerta and was sold to MyNetworkTV by InjausTV. \\\"Fashion House\\\" aired for a 78-episode run. MyNetworkTV episode aired it Monday through Friday for 13 weeks, with a \\\"recap\\\" show on Saturdays airing at 9 p.m. Eastern. It was based on the Cuban telenovela \\\"Salir de Noche\\\" (\\\"\\\"Out in the Night\\\"\\\"), produced by Miami firm XYSTUS. MyNetworkTV originally\",\n \"If (magazine) attendant paper shortages led to the demise of several titles. By the late 1940s, the market began to recover. From a low of eight active magazines in 1946, the field expanded to 20 in 1950, and a further 22 had commenced publication by 1954. \\\"If\\\" was launched in the middle of this second publishing boom. \\\"If\\\"'s origins can be traced to 1948 and 1949, when Raymond Palmer founded two magazines while working at Ziff-Davis in Chicago: \\\"Fate\\\" and \\\"Other Worlds\\\". \\\"Fate\\\" published articles about occult and supernatural events, while \\\"Other Worlds\\\" was a science-fiction magazine. The two were sufficiently successful\",\n \"Elizabeth Noble Elizabeth Noble (born 22 December 1968) is the author of seven novels: \\\"The Reading Group\\\", \\\"The Friendship Test (\\\"previously published as \\\"The Tenko Club)\\\", \\\"Alphabet Weekends\\\", \\\"Things I Want My Daughters to Know\\\", \\\"The Girl Next Door,\\\" \\\"The Way We Were\\\" and \\\"Between a Mother and Her Child,\\\" all of which have reached the Sunday Times' Top 10 best sellers. Her novel The Reading Group reached number one. Her new novel, Letters to Iris, publishes on April 5, 2018. Elizabeth Noble was born in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire to a banker father and a homemaker mother. She is the\",\n \"respectable, it was popular, and it paid generously. It also provided a venue where Whitman could join with other writers in exploring the meaning of literary nationalism and cultural democracy for the new era.\\\" The Galaxy (magazine) Galaxy Magazine, or The Galaxy, was an American monthly magazine founded by William Conant Church and his brother Francis P. Church in 1866. In 1868, Sheldon and Company gained financial control of the magazine and it was eventually absorbed by \\\"The Atlantic Monthly\\\" in 1878. Notable contributors to the magazine include Mark Twain, Walt Whitman and Henry James. In 1861, after the start\",\n \"Endless Night (novel) Endless Night is a crime novel by Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 30 October 1967 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company the following year. The UK edition retailed at eighteen shillings (18/-) and the US edition at $4.95. It was one of her favourites of her own works and received some of the warmest critical notices of her career upon publication. The title comes from William Blake's \\\"Auguries of Innocence\\\": Michael Rogers, a footloose, seemingly nonchalant, working-class dabbler, narrates the story. He has a close relationship\",\n \"trial. It was not until the 1933 case \\\"United States v. One Book Called Ulysses\\\" that the novel could be published in the United States without fear of prosecution. Obscenity trial of Ulysses in The Little Review The obscenity trial over the publication of James Joyce's \\\"Ulysses\\\" in \\\"The Little Review\\\", an American literary magazine, occurred in 1921 and effectively banned publication of Joyce's novel in the United States. After \\\"The Little Review\\\" published the \\\"Nausicaa\\\" episode of \\\"Ulysses\\\" in the 1920 July–August issue of the magazine, the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice instigated obscenity charges against\",\n \"Comfort (magazine) Comfort was a mail order magazine published in Augusta, Maine from 1888 to 1942. Published by Gannet & Morris and edited initially by William H. Gannet, \\\"Comfort\\\" was touted as \\\"the key to happiness and success in over a million and quarter homes.\\\" In 1888, William H. Gannet created \\\"Comfort\\\" primarily as a means to advertise his patent medicine, Giant Oxien, a variant of The Moxie Nerve Food. \\\"Comfort\\\"s circulation increased from 13,000, in 1888, to 1.3 million, in 1894, which made \\\"Comfort\\\" the first publication in America to reach a circulation of 1 million. In order to\",\n \"Magazine\\\", has praised Baen's approach in an interview in \\\"The New York Times\\\", saying \\\"Baen has shown that putting up electronic versions of books doesn't cost you sales. It gains you a larger audience for all of your books. As a result, they've done quite well.\\\" Baen's first run at magazine-style book publishing took place in the late 1970s, in the form of \\\"Destinies\\\", a quarterly 'bookazine' that featured fiction and non-fiction by well-known and new authors that Baen was promoting. It was published by Ace, where Baen was employed at the time. Under the aegis of Baen Books in\",\n \"The Guardian's 100 Best Novels Written in English Bondage by W Somerset Maugham (1915) 45. The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton (1920) 46. Ulysses by James Joyce (1922) 47. Babbitt by Sinclair Lewis (1922) 48. A Passage to India by EM Forster (1924) 49. Gentlemen Prefer Blondes by Anita Loos (1925) 50. Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf (1925) 51. The Great Gatsby by F Scott Fitzgerald (1925) 52. Lolly Willowes by Sylvia Townsend Warner (1926) 53. The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway (1926) 54. The Maltese Falcon by Dashiell Hammett (1929) 55. As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner (1930) 56. Brave New World by Aldous\",\n \"The café ACBC seen in the manga was inspired by a real one called Genso Katsudo Shashin Kan. \\\"Kimagure Orange Road\\\" was written and illustrated by Izumi Matsumoto and serialized in \\\"Weekly Shōnen Jump\\\" from issue No. 15 on March 26, 1984 to No. 42 on September 28, 1987. The 156 individual chapters were collected into 18 \\\"tankōbon\\\" volumes by Shueisha from September 10, 1985 through August 4, 1995. The series was republished in a 10 volume \\\"aizōban\\\" edition, and a 10 volume \\\"bunkoban\\\" edition. A special chapter, \\\"Panic in the Bathhouse!\\\", was created for Matsumoto's \\\"Comic On\\\" CD-ROM manga\",\n \"the magazine with Thayer. In 1920, Scofield Thayer and Dr. James Sibley Watson. Jr. re-established \\\"The Dial\\\" as a literary magazine, the form for which it was most successful and best known. Under Watson's and Thayer's sway \\\"The Dial\\\" published remarkably influential artwork, poetry and fiction, including William Butler Yeats' \\\"The Second Coming\\\" and the first United States publication of T. S. Eliot's \\\"The Waste Land\\\". \\\"The Waste Land\\\", however, barely made it to the pages of \\\"The Dial\\\". Ezra Pound, the magazine's foreign advisor/editor (1920–1923), suggested the poem for publication. Thayer, having never seen the work, approved it for\",\n \"Brideshead Revisited Brideshead Revisited, The Sacred & Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder is a novel by English writer Evelyn Waugh, first published in 1945. It follows, from the 1920s to the early 1940s, the life and romances of the protagonist Charles Ryder, including his friendship with the Flytes, a family of wealthy English Catholics who live in a palatial mansion called Brideshead Castle. Ryder has relationships with two of the Flytes: Sebastian and Julia. The novel explores themes including nostalgia for the age of English aristocracy, Catholicism, and the nearly overt homosexuality of Sebastian Flyte's coterie at Oxford University.\",\n \"Ōoku: The Inner Chambers Ōoku: The Inner Chambers The manga has been serialized in Hakusensha's josei magazine \\\"Melody\\\" since 2005. Hakusensha has released thirteen \\\"tankōbon\\\" volumes to date, starting in September 29, 2005. The manga is licensed in North America by Viz Media and in Taiwan by Sharp Point Press. In addition to winning an Excellence Prize at the 2006 Japan Media Arts Festival and a special prize at The Japanese Association of Feminist Science Fiction and Fantasy's fifth annual Sense of Gender Awards in 2005, the manga was nominated for the first annual Manga Taishō in 2008 and three times for the Tezuka\",\n \"Black and White (magazine) Black and White: A Weekly Illustrated Record and Review was a British illustrated weekly periodical founded in 1891 by Charles Norris Williamson. In 1912 it was incorporated with \\\"The Sphere\\\". In its first year \\\"Black and White\\\" published 'A Straggler of '15', a short story by Conan Doyle, and began serializing 'The South Seas', a series of letters by Robert Louis Stevenson. It published fiction by Henry James, Bram Stoker, H. G. Wells, Robert Barr, A. E. W. Mason, Jerome K. Jerome and E. Nesbit. Others who wrote for \\\"Black and White\\\" included Samuel Bensusan (1872–1958),\",\n \"Vivienne Haigh-Wood, who suggested the journal's name. \\\"The Criterion\\\" became the first English periodical to publish Marcel Proust, Paul Valéry and Jean Cocteau. Lady Rothermere (Mary Lilian Share, the wife of the London newspaper magnate Harold Harmsworth, Viscount Rothermere) originally financed the journal, but on reading the first issue, she wrote three letters to Eliot criticizing it, and suggested ideas for later issues, including a story by Katherine Mansfield. After four years she withdrew her support and the magazine was acquired by Eliot's employer, Faber and Gwyer Publishing (later Faber & Faber). From January 1926, when Faber became the publisher,\",\n \"Reader's Digest Reader's Digest is an American general-interest family magazine, published ten times a year. Formerly based in Chappaqua, New York, it is now headquartered in Midtown Manhattan. The magazine was founded in 1922, by DeWitt Wallace and Lila Bell Wallace. For many years, \\\"Reader's Digest\\\" was the best-selling consumer magazine in the United States; it lost the distinction in 2009 to \\\"Better Homes and Gardens\\\". According to Mediamark Research (2006), \\\"Reader's Digest\\\" reaches more readers with household incomes of $100,000+ than \\\"Fortune\\\", \\\"The Wall Street Journal\\\", \\\"Business Week\\\", and \\\"Inc.\\\" combined. Global editions of \\\"Reader's Digest\\\" reach an additional\",\n \"The Lovely House \\\"The Lovely House\\\" is a gothic short story and weird tale by American writer Shirley Jackson first published in 1950. The story features several overtly gothic elements, including a possibly haunted house, doubling, and the blurring of real and imaginary. The story was published in Jackson's posthumous collection \\\"Come Along With Me\\\" in 1968 (reprinted by Penguin Classics in 2013) under the title \\\"A Visit.\\\" It was later reprinted in the anthology \\\"American Gothic Tales\\\", edited by Joyce Carol Oates, in 1996. American literary critic S.T. Joshi claims that \\\"The Lovely House\\\" exemplifies the \\\"'quiet weird tale'\",\n \"unable to find the hidden room; and the house is burned during the Civil War. The imprisoned discoverer is never seen or heard of again. The Spook House \\\"The Spook House\\\" is a Gothic short story of a haunted house by American Civil War soldier, wit, and writer Ambrose Bierce. It was first published in \\\"The San Francisco Examiner\\\" on July 7, 1889. According to H. P. Lovecraft, the story is \\\"told with a severely homely air of journalistic verisimilitude\\\", yet \\\"conveys terrible hints of shocking mystery\\\". In 1858 an entire family of seven persons disappears suddenly and unaccountably from\",\n \"Obsidian House Publishing Obsidian House Publishing (OHP) is one of the oldest publishing houses, and it predates more famous houses like Faber and Faber (founded in 1925) and Jonathan Cape (1919). OHP was founded in 1856 in London, England, and it continued publishing until 2002. The publishing house has recently been revived by Barbara Jung. The firm was founded as a bookseller that published and sold serialised stories appearing in magazines like Household Words. OHP has played a relatively minor role in publishing by focusing on lesser-known Victorian novels, including the Betty series, as well as more risque novels of\",\n \"Popular Mechanics Popular Mechanics is a magazine of popular science and technology. Popular Mechanics was first published by Henry Haven Windsor, January 11, 1902. It has been owned since 1958 by Hearst Communications. There are nine international editions, including a now-defunct Latin American version that had been published for decades, and a newer South African edition. The Russian edition of \\\"Popular Mechanics\\\" has been issued since 2002. In 2013, the US edition changed from twelve to ten issues per year. \\\"Popular Mechanics\\\" features regular sections on automotive, home, outdoors, science, and technology topics. A recurring column is \\\"Jay Leno's Garage\\\"\",\n \"the secret room within one's heart where the inner light is found. Ellis and his fellow Quakers are imprisoned and illegally condemned to death, but are released following the direct intervention of the king. Nevertheless, they decide to leave Wales for a better life in America. The Secret Room Y Stafell Ddirgel (in English, The Secret Room) is a novel by Marion Eames written in the Welsh language and first published in 1969. An English translation was published in 1975 under the title \\\"The Secret Room\\\". In 2001 a highly successful television adaptation appeared on S4C. The novel is concerned\",\n \"Tropic of Cancer (novel) Tropic of Cancer is a novel by Henry Miller that has been described as \\\"notorious for its candid sexuality\\\" and as responsible for the \\\"free speech that we now take for granted in literature\\\". It was first published in 1934 by the Obelisk Press in Paris, France, but this edition was banned in the United States. Its publication in 1961 in the U.S. by Grove Press led to obscenity trials that tested American laws on pornography in the early 1960s. In 1964, the U.S. Supreme Court declared the book non-obscene. It is regarded as an important\",\n \"Seven Sisters (magazines) for grocery stores (Piggly Wiggly and A&P); \\\"McCall's\\\" and \\\"Redbook\\\" were known for a text-heavy format focusing on quality fiction; \\\"Good Housekeeping\\\" was aimed at affluent housewives. \\\"Ladies' Home Journal\\\" was originally a single-page supplement to a general interest magazine, while \\\"Better Homes and Gardens\\\" began as a blending of woman's magazine and home design journal. Through the 1990s, in the face of declining readership and advertising revenue, the Seven Sisters attempted to differentiate themselves from each other and from the rest of the market, relying on either incremental tweaks to their formula or wholesale changes in the format of\",\n \"first serialised in the US in \\\"The Saturday Evening Post\\\" in seven instalments from 7 November (Volume 209, Number 19) to 19 December 1936 (Volume 209, Number 25) under the title \\\"Poirot Loses a Client\\\" with illustrations by Henry Raleigh. In the UK, the novel was serialised as an abridged version in the weekly \\\"Women's Pictorial\\\" magazine in seven instalments from 20 February (Volume 33, Number 841) to 3 April 1937 (Volume 33, Number 847) under the title \\\"Mystery of Littlegreen House\\\". There were no chapter divisions and all of the instalments carried illustrations by \\\"Raleigh\\\". Dumb Witness Dumb Witness\",\n \"Witch House Witch House is a fantasy novel by American writer Evangeline Walton. It was published in 1945 by Arkham House in an edition of 3,000 copies. It was the first full-length novel to be published by Arkham House and was listed as the initial book in the Library of Arkham House Novels of Fantasy and Terror. An expanded version, with a newly-written 20,000-word prologue, was published in England in 1950. In 2013, Centipede Press issued the first American edition of this revised version, also including previously unpublished writings by Walton and several of her short stories. According to Robert\",\n \"Quiet Days in Clichy (novel) home with an acrobat named Corinne and a Danish woman, named Christine. The four of them have a spontaneous orgy, which upsets Christine, who is laughed at by the other three. The thin volume was initially written in New York shortly after Miller’s return from Paris in 1940, and revised in Big Sur in 1956, while he was working on \\\"Nexus\\\". The book was first published in France by Olympia Press in 1956. Following Miller’s victory in the obscenity trial for \\\"Tropic of Cancer\\\", \\\"Quiet Days in Clichy\\\" was finally published in the United States by Grove Press in 1965.\",\n \"The Light That Failed published by John W. Lovell in New York but it was delayed, allowing for Lippincott's Magazine to publish it first in January 1891. The novel, Kipling's first ever, was published in four different versions over a period of two years. The \\\"Lippincott\\\" edition had twelve chapters and a happy ending. However, Kipling had originally written a fifteen chapter version that ended with Dick's death. Deciding that this would be too sad for public consumption, he changed it to end with the protagonists' engagement. \\\"Lippincott\\\" paid Kipling $800 for the novel. The fifteen chapter edition would later be published as a\",\n \"Corporation, and has a circulation of nine million readers. From 1920 to 1924, \\\"Literary Review\\\" was a Saturday supplement to the \\\"New York Evening Post\\\". In 1924, it became a separate publication entitled \\\"The Saturday Review of Literature\\\" In 1942, the name was shortened to \\\"The Saturday Review\\\". McCall Corporation purchased the magazine in 1961. It changed ownership several times after 1977, and ceased publication in 1986. In 1951, McCall Corporation began publishing \\\"Better Living\\\". The 100-page monthly magazine sold for five cents, and was distributed through stores that were members of the Super Market Institute. It ceased publication in\",\n \"magazine. Hothouse (novel) Hothouse is a 1962 science fiction novel by British writer Brian Aldiss, composed of five novelettes that were originally serialised in \\\"The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction\\\" in 1961. In the US, an abridged version was published as The Long Afternoon of Earth; the full version was not published there until 1976. In 2009, IDW Publishing repackaged the novel with a new introduction by Clifford Meth. In the novel, Earth now has one side constantly facing the sun (which is larger and hotter than it is at present) so it has become a veritable hothouse, where\",\n \"than earlier volumes. Wolfen Moondaughter said that when reading the 18th volume she felt she was reading three \\\"tankōbon\\\", and that there was \\\"a lot packed into this manga\\\". Kaze Hikaru The series has been published in Japan by Shogakukan since 1997. In North America, the manga is published by Viz Media in its \\\"Shojo Beat\\\" magazine from July 2005 to September 2006. The series received the Shogakukan Manga Award for the \\\"shōjo\\\" demographic in 2003. It has been well received by manga critics, who praised its historical background, art and characters. It has sold 6 million copies and has\",\n \"The Spook House \\\"The Spook House\\\" is a Gothic short story of a haunted house by American Civil War soldier, wit, and writer Ambrose Bierce. It was first published in \\\"The San Francisco Examiner\\\" on July 7, 1889. According to H. P. Lovecraft, the story is \\\"told with a severely homely air of journalistic verisimilitude\\\", yet \\\"conveys terrible hints of shocking mystery\\\". In 1858 an entire family of seven persons disappears suddenly and unaccountably from a plantation house in eastern Kentucky, leaving all its possessions untouched — furniture, clothing, food supplies, horses, cattle, and slaves. About a year later two\",\n \"Bazaar-e-Husn Bazaar-e-Husn () or Seva Sadan () is a Hindustani novel by Munshi Premchand. It was originally written in Urdu under the title \\\"Bazaar-e-Husn\\\" (\\\"Market of Beauty\\\" or Red-light district) but was first published in Hindi from Calcutta as \\\"Seva Sadan\\\" (\\\"The House of Service\\\"), in 1919. It was published in Urdu, in 1924, from Lahore. \\\"Bazaar-e-Husn\\\" was Premchand's first major novel; before it, he had published four novellas in Urdu of about 100 pages each. K. Subramaniam adapted the novel as a Tamil movie, \\\"Sevasadanam\\\" (1938), which was the first film for the famous Carnatic music singer, M. S.\",\n \"Awake! Awake! is an illustrated religious magazine published every four months by Jehovah's Witnesses via the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. It is considered to be a companion magazine of \\\"The Watchtower\\\", and is distributed by Jehovah's Witnesses in their door-to-door ministry, with a total worldwide circulation of over 75 million copies in 204 languages per issue. The magazine was originally published bimonthly under the name The Golden Age on October 1, 1919, by the International Bible Students Association. (In 1930 it was published in Danish under the name New World.) On October 6, 1937, it was\",\n \"Ladies' Home Journal Ladies' Home Journal is an American magazine published by the Meredith Corporation. It was first published on February 16, 1883, and eventually became one of the leading women's magazines of the 20th century in the United States. From 1891 it was published in Philadelphia by the Curtis Publishing Company. In 1903, it was the first American magazine to reach one million subscribers. In the late 20th century, changing tastes and competition from television caused it to lose circulation. Sales of the magazine ensued as the publishing company struggled. On April 24, 2014, Meredith announced it would stop\",\n \"McCall's McCall's was a monthly American women's magazine, published by the McCall Corporation, that enjoyed great popularity through much of the 20th century, peaking at a readership of 8.4 million in the early 1960s. It was established as a small-format magazine called The Queen in 1873. In 1897 it was renamed McCall's Magazine—The Queen of Fashion (later shortened to \\\"McCall's\\\") and subsequently grew in size to become a large-format glossy. It was one of the \\\"Seven Sisters\\\" group of women's service magazines. \\\"McCall's\\\" published fiction by such well-known authors as Alice Adams, Ray Bradbury, Gelett Burgess, Willa Cather, Jack Finney,\",\n \"Light House: A Trifle When they land on the island, Briscoe runs into the lighthouse and blows himself up. Amongst the rubble of the lighthouse, Picasso notices the inscription \\\"MORTE D'AUTHOR\\\" painted on one of the surrounding rocks and says to the innkeeper \\\"He's been thinking about this for some time, George.\\\" Monahan wrote the novel while studying Elizabethan and Jacobean drama at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Monahan completed a draft of \\\"Light House\\\" on May 18, 1991, but then \\\"stuck it in a drawer\\\". It remained unpublished until 1993 when he gave it to the literary magazine \\\"Old Crow Review\\\" to serialize\",\n \"Girls of Lighthouse Lane\\\" \\\"Full House: Dear Michelle\\\" \\\"Two of a Kind\\\" \\\"So Little Time\\\" \\\"The Nightmare Room\\\" \\\"Confessions of a Teen Nanny\\\" \\\"The Dating Game\\\" \\\"The Party Room\\\" Parachute Publishing Parachute Press is a division of Parachute Publishing, a packager of book series for children and teenagers. The four women listed as the company's principals are all themselves authors of children's books (among others), and Jane Stine is married to R. L. Stine. The press first gained notice with the 1989 publication of R. L. Stine's Fear Street series, followed in 1992 by the release of the first of\",\n \"spectator sport\\\". Light House: A Trifle Light House: A Trifle, a 2000 satirical novel by American screenwriter William Monahan. Originally serialized in the Amherst literary magazine \\\"Old Crow Review\\\" from 1993 to 1995, Monahan sold \\\"Light House\\\" to Riverhead Books, a Penguin Group imprint, in 1998. Warner Bros. optioned the film rights while the novel was in manuscript and hired Monahan to write the screenplay adaptation. The novel was delayed for two years, with plans to release it alongside the upcoming film; however, the film was never produced. In 2000, \\\"Light House: A Trifle\\\" was finally published and garnered critical\",\n \"\\\"Edgar Allan Poe‘s Lighthouse Keeper\\\", was loosely based on the story. While themes of isolation and unease in the building were preserved, the film took inspiration from Roger Corman's Poe adaptations from the 1960s. The Light-House \\\"The Light-House\\\" is the unofficial title of the last work written by Edgar Allan Poe. He did not live to finish it, and had barely begun it by the time of his death in 1849. The story is told as a series of diary entries, the first being New Year's Day, 1796. The setting is an island off the coast of Norway. On January\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":466,"string":"466"}}},{"rowIdx":89,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who counseled raoul of merencourt"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["Raoul of Merencourt the kingdom were uncertain of John of Brienne's ability to lead. In 1211 Albert sent Raoul to seek the counsel of Pope Innocent III. He returned with clear instructions to support John as regent-king for his daughter. At Albert's assassination on 14 September 1214, while in procession to the cathedral of the Holy Cross in Acre, the post of patriarch became open. The canons of the Holy Sepulchre, following their own custom in imitation of the Acts of the Apostles, selected two candidates to succeed Albert. One candidate was Lotario Rosario de Cremona, who had originally succeeded Albert as bishop"],"string":"[\n \"Raoul of Merencourt the kingdom were uncertain of John of Brienne's ability to lead. In 1211 Albert sent Raoul to seek the counsel of Pope Innocent III. He returned with clear instructions to support John as regent-king for his daughter. At Albert's assassination on 14 September 1214, while in procession to the cathedral of the Holy Cross in Acre, the post of patriarch became open. The canons of the Holy Sepulchre, following their own custom in imitation of the Acts of the Apostles, selected two candidates to succeed Albert. One candidate was Lotario Rosario de Cremona, who had originally succeeded Albert as bishop\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["Gregory IX nominated him Cardinal Deacon of Sant'Eustachio, and that he died en route to Rome. Consequently, he is traditionally depicted as wearing the scarlet red mozzetta of a cardinal. However, Italian historian Agostino Paravicini Bagliani has established that this account resulted from a confusion of Raymond Nonnatus with Englishman Robert Somercote, the Cardinal Deacon of S. Eustachio 1238-1241, and has concluded that Raymond was never a cardinal. Raymond was canonized by Pope Alexander VII in 1657. His feast day is celebrated on August 31. The towns of Saint-Raymond, Quebec, Canada, San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, Argentina, and São","The Phantom of the Opera he has never felt so close to another human being. He allows the Persian and Raoul to escape, though not before making Christine promise that she will visit him on his death day, and return the gold ring he gave her. He also makes the Persian promise that afterward he will go to the newspaper and report his death, as he will die soon and will die \"of love\". Indeed, sometime later Christine returns to Erik's lair, buries him somewhere he will never be found (by Erik's request) and returns the gold ring. Afterward, a local newspaper runs the simple","Robert Giroux former director of Faber & Faber. He published many novels rejected by other publishing houses, such as Bernard Malamud's \"The Natural\" (1952), Kerouac's \"The Town and the City\" (1950) and O'Connor's \"Wise Blood\" (1952). He also worked on Thomas Merton's autobiography, \"The Seven Storey Mountain\" (1948). Soon he became adept at finding new authors, and one of his first finds was the novelist and short-story writer Jean Stafford, who in turn introduced him to her husband, Robert Lowell, who was trying to find a publisher for his second book of poems. Impressed by Lowell's manuscript, Giroux published the collection \"Lord","Trial of Joan of Arc records were translated into Latin by Manchon and University of Paris master Thomas de Courcelles. Five copies were produced, three of which are still in existence. The lengthy investigations and appellate trial during the 1450s produced additional information about the details and behind-the-scenes activity during the process, since the 115 witnesses questioned during these investigations included many of the clergymen who had served during the trial in 1431. They gave vivid memories of many incidents that are not recorded in the trial transcript, and described how the English government had manipulated the affair. Jules Quicherat published the first unabridged version","Comte de Rochefort skilfully vanishes into the street crowds of Paris. D'Artagnan does not meet him again or learn his name until the end of the novel. It is Rochefort who kidnaps Constance Bonacieux, and we eventually learn that he is the other main agent (in addition to Milady de Winter) of Cardinal Richelieu. He is sent by Richelieu to escort Milady de Winter in some of her missions. At the end of the novel, Rochefort tries to arrest d'Artagnan for the cardinal; Richelieu eventually orders the men to become friends. In the Epilogue, we learn that Rochefort, and an older and wiser","jurist Sir William Blackstone writes that \"the plain intention of this law is to guard the Blood Royal from any suspicion of bastardy, whereby the succession to the Crown might be rendered dubious.\" Adultery was a serious issue when it came to succession to the crown. Philip IV of France had all three of his daughters-in-law imprisoned, two (Margaret of Burgundy and Blanche of Burgundy) on the grounds of adultery and the third (Joan of Burgundy) for being aware of their adulterous behaviour. The two brothers accused of being lovers of the king's daughters-in-law were executed immediately after being arrested.","Joscius, Archbishop of Tyre destroyed; the survivors fled to Tyre, where Conrad of Montferrat soon took control of the defences of the city, after arriving later that month. After the fall of Jerusalem to Saladin in September, Conrad sent Joscius of Tyre to the West in a black-sailed ship, bearing appeals for aid, including propaganda drawings of the horses of Saladin's army stabled (and urinating) in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Joscius arrived first in Sicily, where King William II promised to send a Sicilian fleet to the east; he himself died before he could go on crusade but his fleet helped save","at the Mughal court had fallen out of his favour. Another theory states that Jahangir discovered the circumstances and felt Guru Hargobind was harmless, so he ordered his release. According to Surjit Singh Gandhi, 52 Rajas who were imprisoned in the fort as hostages for \"millions of rupees\" and for opposing the Mughal empire were dismayed as they were losing a spiritual mentor. Guru Hargobind requested the Rajas to be freed along with him as well and stood surety for their loyal behavior. Jahangir ordered their release as well. Guru Hargobind got a special gown stitched which had 52 hems.","Château Gaillard supplied for a siege, but the extra mouths to feed rapidly diminished the stores. Between 1,400 and 2,200 non-combatants were allowed inside, increasing the number of people in the castle at least fivefold. In an effort to alleviate the pressure on the castle's supplies, Roger de Lacy, the castellan, evicted 500 civilians; this first group was allowed to pass through the French lines unhindered, and a second group of similar size did the same a few days later. Philip was not present, and when he learned of the safe passage of the civilians, he forbade further people being allowed through","François Savary de Brèves He tried to incite the Sultan to wage war against Philip II and to limit the activities of Barbary pirates on the French coasts of Provence, but in vain, leading to tense relations between France and the Porte. Savary de Brèves spoke Turkish and Arabic and was famed for his knowledge of Ottoman culture. Through his efforts, Capitulations were signed between Henry IV of France and Sultan Ahmed I on 20 May 1604, giving a marked advantage for French trade, against that of the English and the Venetians. In these capitulations, the protection of the French king over Jerusalem and","Quentin Poulet F ii of the poetry written by Charles, Duke of Orléans, long held prisoner in England, at least according to the usual account, in which it was prepared for presentation to Arthur, Prince of Wales; it has been suggested that the editor selected from the poems those that would recommend marriage to the prince. It was given to Prince Arthur in 1501, and passed into the Royal Library, being held at Richmond. However Janet Backhouse has suggested that the manuscript was originally a product of the reign of Edward IV, with the decoration left incomplete on his death, and then","Edmond Dantès creates three disguises — an Englishman named Lord Wilmore, a clerk from the banking firm Thomson and French, and Sinbad the Sailor — and uses them to save Morrel from bankruptcy and suicide. Edmond then goes into hiding, spending nine years reforming himself as the Count of Monte Cristo. Edmond emerges into Parisian society as the mysterious and sophisticated Count of Monte Cristo. Having purchased the deed to the island from whence he obtained his treasure, Edmond is able to place himself in the upper strata of Parisian society and assume the role of one of the most influential men","\"Corinne\". Benjamin Constant Henri-Benjamin Constant de Rebecque (; 25 October 1767 – 8 December 1830), or simply Benjamin Constant, was a Swiss-French political activist and writer on politics and religion. He was the author of a partly biographical psychological novel, \"Adolphe\". He was a fervent liberal of the early 19th century, who influenced the Trienio Liberal movement in Spain, the Liberal Revolution of 1820 in Portugal, the Greek War of Independence, the November Uprising in Poland, the Belgian Revolution, and liberalism in Brazil and Mexico. Henri-Benjamin Constant was born in Lausanne to descendants of Huguenot Protestants who had fled from","John and Christopher Wright Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury. Monteagle's servant was closely related to Christopher's wife, Margaret, and thus the plotters soon became aware of its existence. Catesby, by then at White Webbs near Enfield Chase with the Wright brothers, decided that the letter did not constitute a sufficiently serious threat to the scheme, and he decided to forge ahead. On 4 November Percy visited his patron, Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland, to see if he could discern what rumours surrounded the letter. He returned to London and assured John, Thomas Wintour and Robert Keyes that they had nothing to be concerned","The Song of Roland A Song of Roland,\" inspired by the La Chanson de Roland. This work is more closely based on a screenplay written by Michael Eging in 2008, simply known as \"Song of Roland\" and first optioned to Alan Kaplan at Cine LA that same year. The book explores the untold story of how Roland finds himself at Ronceveaux, betrayed by Ganelon and facing the expansive Saragossan host. Primary characters in the novel include Charles (Charlemagne), Ganelon, Bishop Turpin, Oliver, Aude, Marsilion, Blancandarin and others recognizable from the poem. Introduced in this tale are additional characters that inject intrigue and danger to","Pons d'Arsac Constance, daughter of Louis VI of France, and most of the citizens of Albi and Lombers were present and the decision of the council in favour of orthodoxy is still preserved. The judges of the council had been decided upon by representatives of both the Cathars and the Catholics and the latter had been forced to agree to argue solely on New Testament grounds. In 1166, Pons solemnly confirmed the decision of Lombers at a council in Capestang. However, the power and influence of the heretics was so demoralising to the faithful that some Cistercian monks from Villemagne near Agde","Emesa and Achilles Tatius), with their scenes of tempests and kidnappings. Much of his fiction has a moralistic intention, showing human folly, the unruliness of passions, the dangers of illicit love, and the saving grace of divine love. The 1631 \"La tour des miroirs\" shows the effects of vanity using a series of enchanted mirrors. Jean-Pierre Camus Jean-Pierre Camus de Pontcarré (November 3, 1584 – April 26, 1652) was a French bishop, preacher, and author of works of fiction and spirituality. Jean-Pierre Camus was born in Paris in 1584, the son of Jean Camus, seigneur de Saint Bonnet, who was","Fontainebleau Memorandum The Fontainebleau Memorandum is the name given to a document written by British Prime Minister David Lloyd George and his advisers during the Paris Peace Conference, 1919 that was drafting the Treaty of Versailles. It was titled ‘Some Considerations for the Peace Conference Before They Finally Draft Their Terms, March 25th, 1919’. Lloyd George and the President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, were opposed to the French demand for Allied occupation of the Rhineland except as a temporary measure to be used as a guarantee for German payment of reparations. Lloyd George therefore decided to set down","Thomas More Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 6 July 1535), venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist. He was also a councillor to Henry VIII, and Lord High Chancellor of England from October 1529 to 16 May 1532. He wrote \"Utopia\", published in 1516, about the political system of an imaginary, ideal island nation. More opposed the Protestant Reformation, in particular the theology of Martin Luther and William Tyndale. More also opposed the king's separation from the Catholic Church, refusing to acknowledge Henry as Supreme","Jean-Nicolas Corvisart General Napoleon Bonaparte and his wife Josephine. There, they had the following conversation. In August 1803, Napoleon sent for Corvisart due to chest pain and a sudden cough. Napoleon had been characterized as reluctant to access his physicians, including Corvisart at first. Corvisart quickly diagnosed Napoleon with a pulmonary congestion, which he did not disclose to the emperor out of regard for his well-being. Instead, he treated the condition with a vesicant, which proved to be effective in countering the pain and congestion. In retrospect of the successful and tactful treatment, Napoleon was quoted as saying, \"I saw that Corvisart","Stefan Zweig his suicide)\". Zweig is best known for his novellas (notably \"The Royal Game\", \"Amok\", and \"Letter from an Unknown Woman\" – which was filmed in 1948 by Max Ophüls), novels (\"Beware of Pity\", \"Confusion of Feelings\", and the posthumously published \"The Post Office Girl\") and biographies (notably of Erasmus of Rotterdam, Ferdinand Magellan, and Mary, Queen of Scots, and also the posthumously published one on Balzac). At one time his works were published without his consent in English under the pseudonym \"Stephen Branch\" (a translation of his real name) when anti-German sentiment was running high. His of Queen Marie Antoinette","Knights of the Round Table. He is one of Arthur's chief advisors throughout his career, and according to the Lancelot-Grail Cycle, he was one of the Battle of Camlann's few survivors, and is the knight Arthur asked to return Excalibur to the Lady of the Lake. (In Thomas Malory's \"Le Morte d'Arthur\", however, Griflet is one of the knights killed defending Guinevere's execution when the queen is rescued by Lancelot; Malory follows the Stanzaic \"Morte Arthure\", making Bedivere the knight who casts Excalibur into the lake.) Griflet is the hero of his own romance, \"Jaufré\", the only surviving Arthurian romance","leading to the signing of the Peace of Montpellier. In 1625, a new Huguenot revolt led by Duke Henri de Rohan and his brother Soubise led to the Capture of Ré island by the forces of Louis XIII. Soubise conquered large parts of the Atlantic coast, but the supporting fleet of La Rochelle was finally defeated by Montmorency, as was Soubise with 3,000 when he led a counter-attack against the royal troops who had landed on the island of Ré. Following these events, Louis XIII and his Chief Minister Cardinal Richelieu declared the suppression of the Huguenot revolt the first","released in 2016. In May 2016, a memoir titled \"Theda Bara, My Mentor, \"Under the Wings of Hollywood's First Femme Fatale\", by Joan Craig with Beverly Stout, was released. Young Joan, in the companionship of Bara during the 1940s and 1950s, includes tales of Bara's husband, Charles Brabin, friends Marion Davies, Clark Gable, Victor Fleming, and other significant stars of the past. In season 2, episode 7 of the television series Downton Abbey, butler Carson describes the newly designed bathrooms at a nearby estate as \"like something out of a film with Theda Bara\". Theda Bara Theda Bara ( ;","Parlement de Normandie de Montmorency, the admiral, the duc de Longueville, chancellor Olivier, and many other lords. Charles IX was declared of age at the parlement, accompanied by chancellor Michel de L'Hospital. In 1523, Francis I exempted the parlement from the gabelle and ordained that it would issue to each of his officers and his widow as much salt as it had for his household, without fixing the quantity, paying only the market price, on the condition it did not abuse this privilege. In 1540 chancellor Guillaume Poyet set the king against the parlement de Rouen, and the king banned it. Commissaires were","1419 at Vannes in Brittany, at the age of sixty-nine, and was buried in Vannes Cathedral. He was canonized by Pope Calixtus III on 3 June 1455. His feast day is celebrated on 5 April. The Fraternity of Saint Vincent Ferrer, a pontifical religious institute founded in 1979, is named for him, as well two Brazilian municipalities, São Vicente Ferrer, Maranhão and São Vicente Ferrer, Pernambuco. \"Vincent Ferrer\", an obvious reference to the saint, was an alias used by the character Simon Templar in the 1997 movie The Saint, starring Val Kilmer. Vincent Ferrer <includeonly>Dominican mystics</includeonly> Vincent Ferrer, O.P. (","Gerfalcon (novel) Newcastle edition was reprinted twice, once by Newcastle itself in 1977 and once by Borgo Press in 1980. Chapter headings of the 1927 edition: Raoul, the young heir to the barony of Marckmont (described as \"a blend of elf and owl and boy\") grows up to become a sensitive, intelligent young man who prefers reading and song to the so-called knightly virtues of war and slaughter. At seventeen, he takes off on his own and thus begin a series of adventures that will try and mature him. Along the way, he falls in love, survives attempted murder, saves Red Anne","William of Auvergne William of Auvergne (1180/90–1249) was a French theologian and philosopher who served as Bishop of Paris from 1228 until his death. He was one of the first western European philosophers to engage with and comment extensively upon Aristotelian and Islamic philosophy. He is also known as Guillaume d'Auvergne, Guilielmus Alvernus, or William of Paris. Very little is known of William's early life. He was born in Aurillac and the likely date range for his birth is reckoned from the fact that a professor of Theology normally needed to be at least 35 years old. If that holds","Montjoy Montjoy is a herald, or royal messenger, of the French King in William Shakespeare's play \"Henry V\". His job is to convey the King of France (King \"Charles VI\" )'s messages, including the constable's harsh message to King Henry. However, he conveys them in such a polite and respectable way that King Henry thinks on him favourably; an example of this can be seen when King Henry tips him when he has conveyed a message. Montjoy first appears in Act Ⅲ, scene Ⅵ of the play to convey the King of France( King \"Charles VI\" )'s messages to King","Grand Constable of France purely honorific nature and disappeared with the Napoleonic regime. \"If I Were King\", 1938, with François Villon (played by Ronald Colman), who was appointed by Louis XI, King of France (played by Basil Rathbone) to be Constable of France for one week. Various versions of Shakespeare's play \"Henry V\" depict Constable Charles d'Albret, Comte de Dreux, who was appointed by Charles VI of France and was killed in the Battle of Agincourt (1415). He is played by Leo Genn in the 1944 film, by Richard Easton in the 1989 film, and by Maxime Lefrancois in the 2012 film. In the","Peter the Venerable Abelard hospitality at Cluny and worked to mitigate the sentence of the council, eventually reconciling Abelard with his principal condemner, St. Bernard of Clairvaux. After Abelard's death, Peter granted him absolution from his sins, at the personal request of Heloise. Peter is well known for collecting sources on and writing about Islam (see below) and also as the author of vast amounts of correspondence, reflecting his almost encyclopedic knowledge of theological questions. His writings are counted as some of the most important documents of the 12th century. He took a long sabbatical journey to Spain to study with Islamic scholars","Massacre of Wassy forty engravings published in Geneva seven years later. After the ascent of Henry II to the French throne, followers of the religious teachings of John Calvin, known as Huguenots, were persecuted in France. Catherine de' Medici, regent of Charles IX, proposed the Edict of January (or Edict of Saint-Germain) with the hopes that Calvinism and Catholicism could co-exist in France and that fighting would cease. On 1 March 1562, Francis (François), the second Duke of Guise, travelling to his estates, stopped in Wassy (aka Vassy) and decided to attend Mass. He found a large congregation of Huguenots holding religious ceremonies","Louis XVI of France of many of his edicts that would often explain the nature and good intention of his actions as benefiting the people, such as reinstating the \"parlements\". When questioned about his decision, he said, \"It may be considered politically unwise, but it seems to me to be the general wish and I want to be loved.\" In spite of his indecisiveness, Louis XVI was determined to be a good king, stating that he \"must always consult public opinion; it is never wrong.\" He, therefore, appointed an experienced advisor, Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, \"Comte de Maurepas\" who, until his death in 1781, would take","Battle of Lepanto It was also of great symbolic importance in a period when Europe was torn by its own wars of religion following the Protestant Reformation, strengthening the position of Philip II of Spain as the \"Most Catholic King\" and defender of Christendom against Muslim incursion. Historian Paul K. Davis writes that, \"More than a military victory, Lepanto was a moral one. For decades, the Ottoman Turks had terrified Europe, and the victories of Suleiman the Magnificent caused Christian Europe serious concern. The defeat at Lepanto further exemplified the rapid deterioration of Ottoman might under Selim II, and Christians rejoiced at this","was found dead with his mistress, Baroness Mary Vetsera, apparently as a result of suicide. Exactly what happened is unknown, but on 31 July 2015, the Austrian National Library issued copies of Vetsera's letters of farewell to her mother and other family members. The letters—written in Mayerling shortly before the deaths—state clearly and unambiguously that Vetsera was preparing to commit suicide alongside Rudolf, out of \"love\". After the deaths of Rudolf and Vetsera, Emperor Franz Joseph, who wanted to found a new church, had the building changed into a monastery which was settled by nuns of the Discalced Carmelite Order.","Jean-Louis Wagnière with matters on the estate. After three weeks Madame Denis decided to recall him to be with Voltaire but Voltaire was dead by the time Wagnière returned. The last letter Voltaire wrote was to Wagnière: \" 'I am dying my dear Wagnière, it seems quite difficult that I can avoid it. I am really punished for your departure, for having left Ferney, and for having taken a house in Paris. I embrace you tenderly, my dear friend, and with sadness.' \" After Voltaire's death on 30 May 1778, Catherine the Great of Russia commissioned Wagnière to install his library at","Maurice Druon between 1955 and 1977, in which Charney is a supporting character. The novels were also adapted into two French television miniseries in 1972 and 2005. Geoffroi de Charney Geoffroi de Charney, (first name sometimes spelled Geoffrey, surname sometimes spelled de Charnay and de Charny), also known as Guy d'Auvergne (\"The Boy from Auvergne\"), was Preceptor of Normandy for the Knights Templar. Charney was accepted into the Order of Knights Templar at a young age by Amaury de la Roche, the Preceptor of France. Present at the ceremony was brother Jean le Franceys, Preceptor of Pédenac. In 1307 de","Robert le diable Robert declares that he will be bold and do as Bertram instructs. Bertram leads Robert to the cloister. The ghosts of nuns rise from their tombs, beckoned by Bertram, and dance, praising the pleasures of drinking, gambling and lust. Robert seizes the branch and fends off the demons who surround him. \"A room in the palace\" Isabelle is preparing for her marriage with the Prince of Granada. Alice rushes in to inform her of what she has learnt about Robert, but she is interrupted by envoys of the Prince who enter bearing gifts. Robert arrives and, using the power of","Louise of Lorraine and who physically resembled his beloved. In January 1575, The King sent to Lorraine two trusted men, Philippe Hurault de Cheverny (his future Chancellor) and Michel Du Guast, Marquis de Montgauger, to make his marriage proposal. Louise herself was on a pilgrimage to Saint-Nicolas-de-Port at the time, and was described as much surprised when she received the news from her family upon her return. When, on her return, Louise was informed of the King's desire to marry her, she didn't believe in it. This marriage also surprised the entourage of the king, astonished the court and the whole country because","Shahrasb (Shahnameh) Shahrasb (), also known as Shahrasp, is one of the mythical characters in Shahnameh who was a pious and reliable advisor for Tahmuras. According to Shahnameh, Shahrasp benevolently taught king Tahmuras the right (moral) way to handle the problems. As the king followed Shahrasb's guidance, became cleansed of any sin and found Khvarenah. In the animated Persian trilogy \"The Legend of Mardoush\", Shahrasb is an old, wise, and well-known priest among the Katouzians living in a temple in the Alborz mountains. In the first episode, the new king Jamshid consults Shahrasb for strange problems emerging in his kingdom.","of Johannes Hartlieb’s paired German translations of the pseudo-Albertus Magnus \"Secrets of Women\" and \"Das Buch Trotula\". Medieval readers of the \"Trotula\" texts would have had no reason to doubt the attribution they found in the manuscripts, and so \"Trotula\" (assuming they understood the word as a personal name instead of a title) was accepted as an authority on women's medicine. The physician Petrus Hispanus (mid-13th century), for example, cited \"domina Trotula\" (Lady Trotula) multiple times in his section on women's gynecological and obstetrical conditions. The Amiens chancellor, poet, and physician, Richard de Fournival (d. 1260), commissioned a copy headed","Alcuin, along with Paulinus of Aquileia, Peter of Pisa, Theodulf of Orleans was one of many intellectuals invited by Charlemagne to implement the king’s program of education reform. Alcuin was appointed to take over the direction of the palace school. Alcuin's program is reflected by his established program at St. Martin of Tours, where Alcuin put emphasis on writing, reading, and grammar; elements the Epistola de litteris colendis heavily advocated. The existence of the palace school has been called into question. Many historians make the assumption that the letter was sent directly to an unknown archbishop based on the mentions","Christine. He leads Raoul through the passages of the Opera House to Christine's dressing room, where they go through the revolving door hidden in Christine's mirror and travel down through the passages under the Opera. Raoul is very confused as to the purpose of the long pistol the Persian has given him, as he is only instructed to keep his hand as if he were ready to fire - and that it does not even matter whether he is holding the weapon. The Persian eventually reveals that keeping the hand at the level of the eyes is a defense against","Robert and Thomas Wintour never in doubt. The Spanish Treason was a feature of Attorney General Edward Coke's rhetoric, although the Spanish king was \"reverently and respectfully spoken of\". The Jesuits, such as Henry Garnet, were condemned. Each of the brothers' confessions were also read aloud. While in the Tower, Robert and Fawkes had shared adjacent cells, and were able to speak to each other. However, their private conversation was secretly recorded, and read aloud during the trial. When asked if he had anything to say, \"wherefore judgement of death should not be pronounced\", Thomas spoke of his regret at having introduced Robert to","Madeleine de Scudéry by MM. Rathery and Boutron in 1873. Madeleine de Scudéry was part of a movement in the late Renaissance in England and France where women used classical rhetorical theory for their own. She revised discourse to be modeled on conversation rather than public speaking, favoring that as a means of rhetoric, the speaker in the salon built on the ideas of the speaker before them, opting for consensus rather than argument. She is one of the central figures associated with the \"salon\" conversation and letter writing. Controversial in her own era, Mademoiselle de Scudéry was satirized by Molière in his","Francis II of France take over the palace with the help of the royal guard, abduct the king, then eliminate the Guises if they offered any resistance. A substantial external military deployment was intended to secure the operation. The conspirators also most likely had the secret support of Louis, Prince of Condé, the ambitious younger brother of King Antoine of Navarre. During February 1560, the court received multiple warnings about the conspiracy. Due to that threat, the royal council decided, under the influence of Queen Catherine de' Medici, to make some concessions. On 8 March 1560, the king signed an edict granting general amnesty","Héloïse is evident that she goes after his wealth and not the man, and is willing to prostitute herself, if she can, to a richer.\" Although her exceptional and different \"pure love\" for Peter Abelard provides the contextual backdrop for her brash statements, she is essentially calling marriage contractual prostitution. It is clear that Héloïse meant for this philosophy to be heard because Peter Abelard himself reproduces her arguments in The Story of His Calamities. Héloïse is accorded an important place in French literary history and in the development of feminist representation. While few of her letters survive, those that do","La conversione e morte di San Guglielmo has banished the Bishop of Poitiers for refusing to abandon the legitimate pope. Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, the most famous preacher of the era, arrives at William's court to try to bring him back into the fold of the true Church. Around these two a devil and an angel manoeuvre (along with Captain Cuòsemo). The devil first appears disguised as a messenger and then as a counsellor (under the name Ridolfo). The angel is disguised as a page (named Albinio). Each tries to influence the duke's decisions according to their own secret plans. Despite Saint Bernard's exhortations, the duke seems","its two surveyors or wardens. There is some evidence of other notables using Margery's skills, such as Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, who is said to have consulted Margery Jourdemayne, the celebrated witch of Eye, with respect to his conduct and fate during the impending conflicts. She told him that he would be defeated and slain at a castle: but as long as he arrayed his forces and fought in the open field, he would be victorious and safe from harm. During the course of the 1441 trial, it was disclosed that Margery had been held for some months","Rétaux de Villette letters were presented in turn to Cardinal Rohan, persuading him to buy the necklace for the Queen, or so he thought. After the necklace was purchased by Rohan and given to Saint-Remy to pass along to the queen, she and her husband, Nicolas de la Motte immediately took off to London and began selling the jewels from the necklace for their own profit. Villette later testified against the La Mottes. The scheme was eventually exposed and all those involved were prosecuted, including Villette. As punishment for his involvement in the Affair of the Diamond Necklace, Villette was exiled from France.","Diane (film) abetted by Medici scheming, eventually results in the death of Henri. Catherine, now ruling as regent for her three young sons, banishes Diane but spares her rival's life in a gesture of mutual respect. The film was based on a fifty-page unpublished manuscript called \"Diane de Poitiers\" by John Erskine, who died in 1951. Film rights were bought in 1939 by producer Edwin H Knopf, story editor for Sam Goldwyn. Knopf tried to get financing for the film but was unable. In 1953 the project was reactivated. Knopf re-secured the film rights from Erskine's estate and took the project to","whom he, somewhat foolishly, takes to be Roland. The two have a fight, during which Rauf gets the upper hand, then realizes this person is a \"Saracen\" and not Roland. Roland comes at this point. He pleads with the Saracen to renounce his faith and convert to Christianity, or else Roland and Rauf will be forced to kill him. The two discuss back and forth, bringing up issues of worldly gain and faith. Ultimately, the Saracen does as he's asked, and converts. The Tale of Ralph the Collier The Tale of Ralph the Collier, also known as \"The Tale of","The Treasure of the City of Ladies The Treasure of the City of Ladies (Le trésor de la cité des dames, also known The Book of the Three Virtues) is a manual of education by medieval Italian-French author Christine de Pisan. Finished, like her previous \"Book of the City of Ladies\", by the year 1405, and dedicated to Margaret of Burgundy at a time when Christine was writing works for Margaret's father Duke John the Fearless of Burgundy, the book aims to educate women of all estates with advice on various topics. Her \"Book\" and \"Treasure\" are two of her","Peter Abelard Peter Abelard (; or \"Abailardus\"; , ; 1079 – 21 April 1142) was a medieval French scholastic philosopher, theologian, and preeminent logician. His love for, and affair with, Héloïse d'Argenteuil has become legendary. The \"Chambers Biographical Dictionary\" describes him as \"the keenest thinker and boldest theologian of the 12th Century\". Abelard, originally called \"Pierre le Pallet\", was born in Le Pallet, about 10 miles (16 km) east of Nantes, in Brittany, the eldest son of a minor noble French family. As a boy, he learned quickly. His father, a knight called Berenger, encouraged Pierre to study the liberal","he dispatched monks to request help from neighbouring Abbeys, as far as Shrewsbury, where the main plot of \"The Holy Thief\" begins. Earl Robert was a real person in history, quite involved in King Stephen's fortunes. Robert and his brother Waleran, twin sons of Robert, Count of Meulan who held lands and title in England and in France, supported Stephen in battle early on, but at this story, are in a difficult position. Waleran, whose title came from the lands he inherited in France and Normandy, had to come to terms with Geoffrey of Anjou, husband of Empress Maud and","Merlin throws a spell of enchantment on Pellinore to save Arthur’s life. Arthur praises Pellinore’s skill, and they soon become friends, with Arthur inviting him to join the Knights of the Round Table. He has many legitimate and illegitimate children; his sons Tor, Aglovale, Lamorak, Dornar, and Percival all eventually join the Round Table as well, and his unnamed daughter (see Dindrane) becomes a servant of the Holy Grail and helps Percival, Galahad and Bors achieve the mystical objective. Pellinore is a major figure in the Post-Vulgate Cycle and the sections of Thomas Malory's \"Le Morte d'Arthur\" based on it.","transmitted into many Oriental and Western languages. A Syriac version was translated into Greek by the Byzantine author Michael Andreopoulos at the end of the 11th century under the title of \"The Book of the Philosopher Syntipas\". In his introduction, Andreopoulos describes it as a story which “derides evildoers and, towards its end, praises righteous deeds”, thus excusing a work otherwise characterised by “exoticism and eroticism”. In the Greek version, Syntipas is counsellor to King Cyrus and tutor to his son who, having taken a vow of silence for seven days, is accused by his stepmother of trying to seduce","Louis IX of France the presumption of innocence in criminal procedure. To enforce the application of this new legal system, Louis IX created provosts and bailiffs. Following a vow he made after a serious illness and confirmed after a miraculous cure, Louis IX took an active part in the Seventh and Eighth Crusades. He died from dysentery during the latter crusade, and was succeeded by his son Philip III. Louis's actions were inspired by Christian zeal and Catholic devotion. He decided to severely punish blasphemy (for which he set the punishment to mutilation of the tongue and lips), gambling, interest-bearing loans and prostitution. He","Perceval, the Story of the Grail and two 16th-century printings. Though Chrétien did not complete his romance, it had an enormous impact on the literary world of the Middle Ages. \"Perceval\" introduced an enthusiastic Europe to the grail and all versions of the story, including those that made the grail \"Holy\", probably derive directly or indirectly from it. The grail in \"Perceval\" has the power to heal the Fisher King so it may have been seen as a mystical or holy object by readers. Wolfram von Eschenbach's \"Parzival\", one of the greatest works of medieval Germany, is based largely on Chrétien's poem. When comparing Wolfram's \"Parzival\"","Robert le diable to get Robert to sign a document in which he promises to serve Bertram for all eternity. He reveals to Robert that he is his true father and Robert decides to sign the oath from filial devotion. Before he can do so, Alice appears with the news that the Prince has been prevented from marrying Isabelle. Alice prays for divine help (\"Dieu puissant, ciel propice\") and hands Robert his mother's will. Robert reads his mother's message, in which she warns him to beware the man who seduced and ruined her. Robert is wracked by indecision. Midnight strikes and the time","again faces the mysterious Count of Sayn in a race to find a legendary document, the “Third Testament”. The story is a 4-part suite published by Glénat. Konrad von Marburg Konrad von Marburg (sometimes anglicised as Conrad of Marburg) (1180 – 30 July 1233) was a medieval German priest and nobleman. He was commissioned by the pope to combat the Albigensians. Konrad's early life is not well known, but he was described by contemporary church sources as well educated and highly knowledgeable. It is possible that he received a university education. He was also noted for his strong asceticism and","all discussion. He died at Grande-Sauve Abbey. He was canonized on 27 April 1197 by Pope Celestine III. His feast day is 5 April. Gerald of Sauve-Majeure Saint Gerald of Sauve-Majeure (sometimes also Gerard or Geraud) ( 1025 – 1095), also known, from his place of origin, as Gerald of Corbie, was a Benedictine abbot. Saint Gerald was born in Corbie, Picardy, and was educated at the abbey of Corbie, where he later became a monk and cellarer. He suffered greatly from violent headaches which prevented him from carrying out his devotions. In an effort to cure them he made","Les Huguenots boasting about, swears never to see her again. In fact she is Nevers' intended bride, Valentine (daughter of St. Bris), instructed by the Queen to break off her engagement. The page Urbain enters with a secret message for Raoul, daring him to come blindfolded to a secret rendezvous with an unnamed woman \"( Cavatina: \"Une dame noble et sage\")\". The Catholics recognize the seal on the letter as belonging to the Queen of Navarre and drink to Raoul's health as he is led away. \"The castle and gardens at the Château de Chenonceaux. The river meanders to the middle of","was considered to be an intelligent, erudite and charismatic speaker. He expressed his ideas in a series of letters he wrote to the Apostolics from 1300 to 1307; his letters were found by the Inquisition and are deeply analyzed (and confuted) in the paper \"Additamentum ad Historiam fratris Dulcini, haeretici\", written by an Inquisitor. His main ideas were the following: In Dante's \"Divine Comedy\", actually written \"after\" Fra Dolcino's death but \"as if\" it were before it, Mohammed talks about Dolcino (Inferno XXVIII): Fra Dolcino and his former followers are mentioned often in Umberto Eco's novel \"The Name of the","Le livre du chemin de long estude role is similar to that of Beatrice in the \"Divine Comedy\". The book was, like many others by Christine de Pizan, made for a number of patrons; though dedicated to Charles VI of France; manuscripts were presented to John, Duke of Berry, Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and Louis I, Duke of Orléans. There are four known illustrated versions remaining: Harley 4431 (part of the collection de Pizan prepared for Isabeau of Bavaria), BNF 836, and Brussels 10982 and 10983. The four all have different illustrations of different scenes, placing different accents on textual aspects; for instance, Harley 4431","Congress of Vienna and special interest groups – e.g., a delegation representing German publishers, demanding a copyright law and freedom of the press. The Congress was noted for its lavish entertainment: according to a famous joke it did not move, but danced. Initially, the representatives of the four victorious powers hoped to exclude the French from serious participation in the negotiations, but Talleyrand skillfully managed to insert himself into \"her inner councils\" in the first weeks of negotiations. He allied himself to a Committee of Eight lesser powers (including Spain, Sweden, and Portugal) to control the negotiations. Once Talleyrand was able to use","Oswald Tesimond subsequently revealed the plot to his Jesuit superior, Henry Garnet, in confession. Garnet judged that he had received this information under the seal of the confessional, and that canon law forbade him to repeat it, but urged Tesimond to dissuade Catesby. With the knowledge he possessed, Tesimond and Garnet decided to give religious consolations to the conspirators. They both did this despite the nature of the plot, which involved treason; obviously, their choice of keeping their knowledge secret constituted a violation of the law. He gave these consolations on 6 November 1605 at Huddington, after they had returned from London.","Albinus of Angers (538) after King Childebert granted permission for this council to take place. Albinus sought advice from St. Caesarius of Arles after seeing laxity in other bishops. Tradition states that he helped all in distress, using diocesan funds to free hostages from pirates. Another tradition states that he clashed with King Childebert, who had imprisoned a woman called Etherie, from Douille near Angers. Unable to secure her release Albinus visited her in prison, and the soldier who tried to resist him fell dead at his feet. This so impressed the king that he allowed St. Albinus to bail her out. Another","Henry Knighton of Richard\" school. Knighton calls five of King Richard II's trusted advisors – Robert de Vere, Alexander Neville, (Archbishop of York), Sir Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk (lord chancellor), Sir Robert Tresilian (chief justice of the King's Bench), and Sir Nicholas Brembre – the \"five evil seducers of the king (\"quinque nephandi seductores regis\")\". Knighton lived during the same time period as John Wycliffe and had personal knowledge of him as he went to Oxford when Wycliffe was a master there. However he was neither directly associated with Wycliffe nor with the Lollards (\"Wycliffites\", followers of Wycliffe's","appear in the 9th century, and continued growing to the 14th century. Saint Thomas Aquinas discussed the necessity of the presence of Saint Joseph in the plan of the Incarnation for if Mary had not been married, the Jews would have stoned her and that in his youth Jesus needed the care and protection of a human father. In the 15th century, major steps were taken by Saint Bernardine of Siena, Pierre d'Ailly and Jean Gerson. Gerson wrote \"Consideration sur Saint Joseph\" and preached sermons on Saint Joseph at the Council of Constance. In 1889 Pope Leo XIII issued the","the abbey at Agaunum. Our Lady of Laus included an apparition of Saint Maurice, who appeared in an antique episcopal vestment and told Benoîte Rencurel that he was the one to whom the nearby chapel was dedicated, that he would fetch her some water (before drawing some water out of a well she had not seen), that she should go down to a certain valley to escape the local guard and see Mary, mother of Jesus, and that Mary was both in Heaven and could appear on Earth. Saint Maurice became a patron saint of the German Holy Roman Emperors.","Nine Worthies Judas Maccabeus) and three Christians (King Arthur, Charlemagne, and Godfrey of Bouillon). They were first described in the early fourteenth century, by Jacques de Longuyon in his \"Voeux du Paon\" (1312). Their selection, as Johan Huizinga pointed out, betrays a close connection with the romance genre of chivalry. Neatly divided into a triad of triads, these men were considered to be paragons of chivalry within their particular traditions, whether Pagan, Jewish, or Christian. Longuyon's choices soon became a common theme in the literature and art of the Middle Ages and earned a permanent place in the popular consciousness. The medieval","Gilles de Rais Gilles de Rais (), Baron de Rais (), was a knight and lord from Brittany, Anjou and Poitou, a leader in the French army, and a companion-in-arms of Joan of Arc. He is best known for his reputation and later conviction as a confessed serial killer of children. A member of the House of Montmorency-Laval, Gilles de Rais grew up under the tutelage of his maternal grandfather and increased his fortune by marriage. He earned the favour of the Duke of Brittany and was admitted to the French court. From 1427 to 1435, Gilles served as a","Rachilde She was unwanted by her parents and received less affection from them than did the family's pet monkey, who was even granted such social graces as a seat at the table. She received some affection from her maternal grandmother, but Gabrielle taught the child to dismiss her grandmother as frivolous and simple. Nevertheless, it was her grandmother and her grandfather who encouraged Marguerite's imagination through play and reading, and offered her glimpses of fantastical escape. Joseph Eymery was a soldier, and that had a distinct impact on his wife and daughter, through various absences and stresses. At the extreme end,","the spouses into reconciliation. Lunete In Arthurian legend, Lunete (also known as Luned or Lunet) is a handmaiden and advisor to the Lady of the Fountain (Laudine). It is she who is responsible for convincing Laudine to accept Ywain in marriage. She is described in Chrétien de Troyes' \"Yvain, the Knight of the Lion\" as \"a charming brunette, prudent, clever and polite...\" When Esclados the Red (Laudine's first husband) is mortally wounded and killed by Ywain, he finds himself trapped in Laudine's castle (Castle of Landuc near Brocéliande). Lunete offers him shelter and agrees to aid him in escaping the","Montaigu escaped to Avignon, and Olivier de Clisson was fined 100,000 francs, dismissed of his title and banished from France. Some of the Marmousets eventually returned to their duties in minor posts, and while they were no longer a faction many of their ideas were later put into practice by Charles VII, who became the natural heir of their policies. Marmousets The marmousets (referred to as \"les petites gens\") is a nickname, first recorded in the chronicles of Jean Froissart, for a group of counselors to Charles VI of France. Although they were neither princes nor civil servants, they were","the tide of opinion turned against Voltaire. Napoleon expressed a preference for Corneille over Voltaire, reviving the former's reputation as a dramatist while diminishing the latter's. Pierre Corneille Pierre Corneille (; Rouen, 6 June 1606 – Paris, 1 October 1684) was a French tragedian. He is generally considered one of the three great seventeenth-century French dramatists, along with Molière and Racine. As a young man, he earned the valuable patronage of Cardinal Richelieu, who was trying to promote classical tragedy along formal lines, but later quarrelled with him, especially over his best-known play, \"Le Cid\", about a medieval Spanish warrior,","Avignon Papacy of France managed to influence the papacy, although papal legates played key roles in various attempts to stop the conflict. Most notably in 1353 the Bishop of Porto, Guy de Boulogne, tried to set up a conference. After initial successful talks the effort failed, largely due to the mistrust from English side over Guy's strong ties with the French court. In a letter Innocent VI himself wrote to the Duke of Lancaster: \"Although we were born in France and although for that and other reasons we hold the realm of France in special affection, yet in working for peace we","the remains of Diane de Poitiers in 2009, they found high levels of gold in her hair. It is suggested that the \"drinkable gold\" that she \"reportedly\" regularly took, believed to preserve youth, may have ultimately killed her. In May 2010, she was reburied at her original tomb in the Château d'Anet. Diane de Poitiers has been featured in many novels and films. Diane de Poitiers Diane de Poitiers (3 September 1499 – 25 April 1566) was a French noblewoman and a prominent courtier at the courts of King Francis I of France and his son, Henry II. She became","Christine de Pizan of a king as military leader and she described in detail the role of the military class in society. France was at the verge of all out civil war since 1405. In 1407 John I of Burgundy, also known as John the Fearless, plunged France into a crisis when he had Louis of Orléans assassinated. The Duke of Burgundy fled Paris when his complicity in the assassination became known, but was appointed regent of France on behalf of Charles VI in late 1408 after his military victory in the Battle of Othee. It is not certain who commissioned Pizan to","Cardinal Richelieu consecrated bishop in April 1607. Soon after he returned to his diocese in 1608, Richelieu was heralded as a reformer. He became the first bishop in France to implement the institutional reforms prescribed by the Council of Trent between 1545 and 1563. At about this time, Richelieu became a friend of François Leclerc du Tremblay (better known as \"\"Père Joseph\"\" or \"Father Joseph\"), a Capuchin friar, who would later become a close confidant. Because of his closeness to Richelieu, and the grey colour of his robes, Father Joseph was also nicknamed \"l'Éminence grise\" (\"the Grey Eminence\"). Later, Richelieu often used","Treaty of Valençay Treaty of Valençay The Treaty of Valençay (11 December 1813), after the château of the same name belonging to former French foreign minister Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, was drafted by Antoine René Mathurin and José Miguel de Carvajal y Manrique on behalf of the French Empire and the Spanish Crown respectively. Intended as the preliminary to a full peace treaty between France and Spain, the agreement provided for the restoration of Ferdinand VII of Spain, imprisoned at Valençay since 1808, to the Spanish throne usurped by Joseph Bonaparte. Included in the terms was an armistice which neither side, mistrusting the","The Hunchback of Notre-Dame of Captain Phoebus and Pierre Gringoire, but especially Quasimodo and his guardian Archdeacon Claude Frollo. Frollo is torn between his obsessive lust for Esmeralda and the rules of Notre Dame Cathedral. He orders Quasimodo to kidnap her, but Quasimodo is captured by Phoebus and his guards, who save Esmeralda. Gringoire, who attempted to help Esmeralda but was knocked out by Quasimodo, is about to be hanged by beggars when Esmeralda saves him by agreeing to marry him for four years. The following day, Quasimodo is sentenced to be flogged and turned on the pillory for one hour, followed by another","Raymond of Penyafort of cases, the \"Summa de casibus poenitentiae\". More than simply a list of sins and suggested penances, it discussed pertinent doctrines and laws of the Church that pertained to the problem or case brought to the confessor, and is widely considered an authoritative work on the subject. In 1229 Raymond was appointed theologian and penitentiary to the Cardinal Archbishop of Sabina, John of Abbeville, and was summoned to Rome in 1230 by Pope Gregory IX, who appointed him chaplain and grand penitentiary. Knowing Raymond's reputation in the juridical sciences, Gregory IX asked him to help in the rearranging and codifying","the daily gathering in the drawing room of Queen Anne, where he fell in love with her. When the queen dowager was forced to leave France in 1630, the king replaced Madeleine du Fargis with her grandmother as dame d'atour and appointed Marie as fille d'honneur to the queen so that he could keep her at court with the words that Anne must love Marie for his sake. Madeleine du Fargis advised Anne to accept the arrangement with the words that whomever Louis loved, he could make love only with her. Marie de Hautefort was described as a proud, virtuous","spend an eternity trapped in the material realm of the evil god, destined to be reincarnated until they achieved salvation through the consolamentum, when they could ascend to heaven where the benign God lived and the true messiah was martyred. From the beginning of his reign, Pope Innocent III attempted to end Catharism by sending missionaries and by persuading the local authorities to act against them. In 1208, Innocent's papal legate Pierre de Castelnau was murdered while returning to Rome after excommunicating Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, who, in his view, was too lenient with the Cathars. Pope Innocent III","of his introduction, it is safe to infer that the title of Viscount is a courtesy title.) Viscount Raoul de Chagny Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny is a fictional character and one of the protagonists of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel \"The Phantom of the Opera\". Raoul is a viscount and Christine Daaé's childhood friend. They first met when he was a young child when he went on vacation in Northern France. He meets up with her again after watching her performance at the former managers' retirement ceremony at the Palais Garnier. He reminds her that he is \"the little boy who","when, on a scaffold in front of Notre Dame, de Molay, Geoffroi de Charney, Master of Normandy, Hugues de Peraud, referred to as \"a visitor of France\", and Godefroi de Gonneville, Master of Aquitaine, were brought forth from the jail in which for nearly seven years they had lain, to receive the sentence agreed upon by the cardinals, in conjunction with the Archbishop of Sens and some other prelates whom they had called in. Considering the offences which the culprits had confessed and confirmed, the penalty imposed was in accordance with rule—that of perpetual imprisonment. The affair was supposed to","Thomas, Lord of Coucy given to the church through the sword of the apostle Peter, they condemned Thomas of Marle to be punished with general anathema or excommunication. Cono and the council of French religious officials also removed the sword belt of knighthood from him, although Thomas was not present, and declared him to be infamous, a scoundrel who was unworthy of the name Christian. Thomas of Marle's behavior on the battlefield and his brutal treatment of prisoners garnered him the attention of many of France's leaders. As a Christian monarch, Louis VI was persuaded by the results of the general synod and gathered","Geoffrey of Villehardouin in French rather than Latin, making it one of the earliest works of French prose. Villehardouin's account is generally read alongside that of Robert of Clari, a French knight of low station, Niketas Choniates, a high-ranking Byzantine official and historian who gives an eyewitness account, and Gunther of Pairis, a Cistercian monk who tells the story from the perspective of Abbot Martin who accompanied the Crusaders. Villehardouin's nephew Geoffroi I of Villehardouin went on to become Prince of Achaea in Morea (the medieval name for the Peloponnesus) in 1209. Villehardouin himself seems to have died shortly afterwards. His son Erard","Bastian Pagez \"young French varlet of the Scots queen\" arrived in Paris on 4 March, identified by the historian John Hungerford Pollen as Bastian. He brought a letter from Mary written in Scots for Vincenzo Laureo, Bishop of Mondovì and nuncio for Scotland. The bishop found only one new detail in the letter, that one of Darnley's ribs was found to be broken. (The significance to Mary was the controversy over the cause of his death.) Neither of these letters carried by Dolu or Bastian survive, but they probably carried the letter written by Mary at Seton Palace on 18 February to","Thomas, Lord of Coucy would gain nothing from his violent and faithless attacks, Louis decreed that none of the heirs of Thomas would ever hold lordship over these cities. Louis VI continued to press his advantage against Thomas by leading a host of men directly to the center of Thomas' power at Coucy. This action was spurred on by a number of bishops and notable men of France, most prominently the distinguished Count Ralph of Vermandois. Encouraged by his religious fervor and the revenge he wished to bestow on behalf of the church, Louis VI ignored reports of ambushes and the strength of Thomas'","Robert de Sorbon Robert de Sorbon (; 9 October 1201 – 15 August 1274) was a French theologian, the chaplain of Louis IX of France, and founder of the Sorbonne college in Paris. Born into a poor family in Sorbon, in what is now the Ardennes \"département\", Robert de Sorbon entered the Church and was educated in Reims and Paris. He was noted for his piety and attracted the patronage of the Comte d'Artois and King Louis IX of France, later known as Saint Louis. He became the canon of Cambrai around 1251 before being appointed canon of Paris and","at the Church of the Convent of the Dominicans in Avignon, on Pentecost Sunday, 19 May 1342, by Cardinal Raymond Guillaume de Fargues, the Protodeacon. Among the witnesses were John Duke of Normandy, the eldest son of the King, Jacques Duke of Bourbon, Philip Duke of Burgundy, and Imbert Dauphin of Vienne. On 21 June 1339, Pope Benedict XII wrote to the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of Winchester, and the Bishop of Paris, issuing a mandate for them to protect Cardinal Gaillard de La Mothe against those who molest him, touching his benefices and possessions in their dioceses. This","The Cathars were left without political and military protection, as Raymond and his subordinates, now vassals of the French crown, were ordered to hunt them down. Treaty of Paris (1229) The Treaty of Paris, also known as Treaty of Meaux, was signed on April 12, 1229 between Raymond VII of Toulouse and Louis IX of France in Meaux near Paris. Louis was still a minor, and it was his mother Blanche of Castile who was responsible for the treaty. The agreement officially ended the Albigensian Crusade (began 1209) as Raymond conceded defeat to Louis IX. Based on the terms of","Les Huguenots of La Rochelle, calling for the extermination of Catholics \"(Chanson huguenote: \"Piff, paff, piff, paff\").\" The Catholics are merely amused by this. A valet of the Count of Nevers informs his master that a mysterious woman wishes to speak to him. The count goes out to meet the stranger. Catholic lords wonder about the identity of the unknown woman and try to see her. They invite Raoul to do the same. Recognizing the young woman he saved and fell in love with, the young Huguenot, believing she is one of the mistresses of the Count of Nevers he has been","François Leclerc du Tremblay François Leclerc du Tremblay François Leclerc du Tremblay (4 November 1577 – 17 December 1638), also known as Père Joseph, was a French Capuchin friar, confidant and agent of Cardinal Richelieu. He was the original \"éminence grise\"—the French term (\"grey eminence\") for a powerful advisor or decision-maker who operates secretly or unofficially. Leclerc was the eldest son of Jean Leclerc du Tremblay, president of the chamber of requests of the parlement of Paris, and of Marie Motier de Lafayette. As a boy he received a careful classical training, and in 1595 made an extended journey through Italy, returning to take","Raoul of Merencourt the kingdom were uncertain of John of Brienne's ability to lead. In 1211 Albert sent Raoul to seek the counsel of Pope Innocent III. He returned with clear instructions to support John as regent-king for his daughter. At Albert's assassination on 14 September 1214, while in procession to the cathedral of the Holy Cross in Acre, the post of patriarch became open. The canons of the Holy Sepulchre, following their own custom in imitation of the Acts of the Apostles, selected two candidates to succeed Albert. One candidate was Lotario Rosario de Cremona, who had originally succeeded Albert as bishop"],"string":"[\n \"Gregory IX nominated him Cardinal Deacon of Sant'Eustachio, and that he died en route to Rome. Consequently, he is traditionally depicted as wearing the scarlet red mozzetta of a cardinal. However, Italian historian Agostino Paravicini Bagliani has established that this account resulted from a confusion of Raymond Nonnatus with Englishman Robert Somercote, the Cardinal Deacon of S. Eustachio 1238-1241, and has concluded that Raymond was never a cardinal. Raymond was canonized by Pope Alexander VII in 1657. His feast day is celebrated on August 31. The towns of Saint-Raymond, Quebec, Canada, San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, Argentina, and São\",\n \"The Phantom of the Opera he has never felt so close to another human being. He allows the Persian and Raoul to escape, though not before making Christine promise that she will visit him on his death day, and return the gold ring he gave her. He also makes the Persian promise that afterward he will go to the newspaper and report his death, as he will die soon and will die \\\"of love\\\". Indeed, sometime later Christine returns to Erik's lair, buries him somewhere he will never be found (by Erik's request) and returns the gold ring. Afterward, a local newspaper runs the simple\",\n \"Robert Giroux former director of Faber & Faber. He published many novels rejected by other publishing houses, such as Bernard Malamud's \\\"The Natural\\\" (1952), Kerouac's \\\"The Town and the City\\\" (1950) and O'Connor's \\\"Wise Blood\\\" (1952). He also worked on Thomas Merton's autobiography, \\\"The Seven Storey Mountain\\\" (1948). Soon he became adept at finding new authors, and one of his first finds was the novelist and short-story writer Jean Stafford, who in turn introduced him to her husband, Robert Lowell, who was trying to find a publisher for his second book of poems. Impressed by Lowell's manuscript, Giroux published the collection \\\"Lord\",\n \"Trial of Joan of Arc records were translated into Latin by Manchon and University of Paris master Thomas de Courcelles. Five copies were produced, three of which are still in existence. The lengthy investigations and appellate trial during the 1450s produced additional information about the details and behind-the-scenes activity during the process, since the 115 witnesses questioned during these investigations included many of the clergymen who had served during the trial in 1431. They gave vivid memories of many incidents that are not recorded in the trial transcript, and described how the English government had manipulated the affair. Jules Quicherat published the first unabridged version\",\n \"Comte de Rochefort skilfully vanishes into the street crowds of Paris. D'Artagnan does not meet him again or learn his name until the end of the novel. It is Rochefort who kidnaps Constance Bonacieux, and we eventually learn that he is the other main agent (in addition to Milady de Winter) of Cardinal Richelieu. He is sent by Richelieu to escort Milady de Winter in some of her missions. At the end of the novel, Rochefort tries to arrest d'Artagnan for the cardinal; Richelieu eventually orders the men to become friends. In the Epilogue, we learn that Rochefort, and an older and wiser\",\n \"jurist Sir William Blackstone writes that \\\"the plain intention of this law is to guard the Blood Royal from any suspicion of bastardy, whereby the succession to the Crown might be rendered dubious.\\\" Adultery was a serious issue when it came to succession to the crown. Philip IV of France had all three of his daughters-in-law imprisoned, two (Margaret of Burgundy and Blanche of Burgundy) on the grounds of adultery and the third (Joan of Burgundy) for being aware of their adulterous behaviour. The two brothers accused of being lovers of the king's daughters-in-law were executed immediately after being arrested.\",\n \"Joscius, Archbishop of Tyre destroyed; the survivors fled to Tyre, where Conrad of Montferrat soon took control of the defences of the city, after arriving later that month. After the fall of Jerusalem to Saladin in September, Conrad sent Joscius of Tyre to the West in a black-sailed ship, bearing appeals for aid, including propaganda drawings of the horses of Saladin's army stabled (and urinating) in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Joscius arrived first in Sicily, where King William II promised to send a Sicilian fleet to the east; he himself died before he could go on crusade but his fleet helped save\",\n \"at the Mughal court had fallen out of his favour. Another theory states that Jahangir discovered the circumstances and felt Guru Hargobind was harmless, so he ordered his release. According to Surjit Singh Gandhi, 52 Rajas who were imprisoned in the fort as hostages for \\\"millions of rupees\\\" and for opposing the Mughal empire were dismayed as they were losing a spiritual mentor. Guru Hargobind requested the Rajas to be freed along with him as well and stood surety for their loyal behavior. Jahangir ordered their release as well. Guru Hargobind got a special gown stitched which had 52 hems.\",\n \"Château Gaillard supplied for a siege, but the extra mouths to feed rapidly diminished the stores. Between 1,400 and 2,200 non-combatants were allowed inside, increasing the number of people in the castle at least fivefold. In an effort to alleviate the pressure on the castle's supplies, Roger de Lacy, the castellan, evicted 500 civilians; this first group was allowed to pass through the French lines unhindered, and a second group of similar size did the same a few days later. Philip was not present, and when he learned of the safe passage of the civilians, he forbade further people being allowed through\",\n \"François Savary de Brèves He tried to incite the Sultan to wage war against Philip II and to limit the activities of Barbary pirates on the French coasts of Provence, but in vain, leading to tense relations between France and the Porte. Savary de Brèves spoke Turkish and Arabic and was famed for his knowledge of Ottoman culture. Through his efforts, Capitulations were signed between Henry IV of France and Sultan Ahmed I on 20 May 1604, giving a marked advantage for French trade, against that of the English and the Venetians. In these capitulations, the protection of the French king over Jerusalem and\",\n \"Quentin Poulet F ii of the poetry written by Charles, Duke of Orléans, long held prisoner in England, at least according to the usual account, in which it was prepared for presentation to Arthur, Prince of Wales; it has been suggested that the editor selected from the poems those that would recommend marriage to the prince. It was given to Prince Arthur in 1501, and passed into the Royal Library, being held at Richmond. However Janet Backhouse has suggested that the manuscript was originally a product of the reign of Edward IV, with the decoration left incomplete on his death, and then\",\n \"Edmond Dantès creates three disguises — an Englishman named Lord Wilmore, a clerk from the banking firm Thomson and French, and Sinbad the Sailor — and uses them to save Morrel from bankruptcy and suicide. Edmond then goes into hiding, spending nine years reforming himself as the Count of Monte Cristo. Edmond emerges into Parisian society as the mysterious and sophisticated Count of Monte Cristo. Having purchased the deed to the island from whence he obtained his treasure, Edmond is able to place himself in the upper strata of Parisian society and assume the role of one of the most influential men\",\n \"\\\"Corinne\\\". Benjamin Constant Henri-Benjamin Constant de Rebecque (; 25 October 1767 – 8 December 1830), or simply Benjamin Constant, was a Swiss-French political activist and writer on politics and religion. He was the author of a partly biographical psychological novel, \\\"Adolphe\\\". He was a fervent liberal of the early 19th century, who influenced the Trienio Liberal movement in Spain, the Liberal Revolution of 1820 in Portugal, the Greek War of Independence, the November Uprising in Poland, the Belgian Revolution, and liberalism in Brazil and Mexico. Henri-Benjamin Constant was born in Lausanne to descendants of Huguenot Protestants who had fled from\",\n \"John and Christopher Wright Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury. Monteagle's servant was closely related to Christopher's wife, Margaret, and thus the plotters soon became aware of its existence. Catesby, by then at White Webbs near Enfield Chase with the Wright brothers, decided that the letter did not constitute a sufficiently serious threat to the scheme, and he decided to forge ahead. On 4 November Percy visited his patron, Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland, to see if he could discern what rumours surrounded the letter. He returned to London and assured John, Thomas Wintour and Robert Keyes that they had nothing to be concerned\",\n \"The Song of Roland A Song of Roland,\\\" inspired by the La Chanson de Roland. This work is more closely based on a screenplay written by Michael Eging in 2008, simply known as \\\"Song of Roland\\\" and first optioned to Alan Kaplan at Cine LA that same year. The book explores the untold story of how Roland finds himself at Ronceveaux, betrayed by Ganelon and facing the expansive Saragossan host. Primary characters in the novel include Charles (Charlemagne), Ganelon, Bishop Turpin, Oliver, Aude, Marsilion, Blancandarin and others recognizable from the poem. Introduced in this tale are additional characters that inject intrigue and danger to\",\n \"Pons d'Arsac Constance, daughter of Louis VI of France, and most of the citizens of Albi and Lombers were present and the decision of the council in favour of orthodoxy is still preserved. The judges of the council had been decided upon by representatives of both the Cathars and the Catholics and the latter had been forced to agree to argue solely on New Testament grounds. In 1166, Pons solemnly confirmed the decision of Lombers at a council in Capestang. However, the power and influence of the heretics was so demoralising to the faithful that some Cistercian monks from Villemagne near Agde\",\n \"Emesa and Achilles Tatius), with their scenes of tempests and kidnappings. Much of his fiction has a moralistic intention, showing human folly, the unruliness of passions, the dangers of illicit love, and the saving grace of divine love. The 1631 \\\"La tour des miroirs\\\" shows the effects of vanity using a series of enchanted mirrors. Jean-Pierre Camus Jean-Pierre Camus de Pontcarré (November 3, 1584 – April 26, 1652) was a French bishop, preacher, and author of works of fiction and spirituality. Jean-Pierre Camus was born in Paris in 1584, the son of Jean Camus, seigneur de Saint Bonnet, who was\",\n \"Fontainebleau Memorandum The Fontainebleau Memorandum is the name given to a document written by British Prime Minister David Lloyd George and his advisers during the Paris Peace Conference, 1919 that was drafting the Treaty of Versailles. It was titled ‘Some Considerations for the Peace Conference Before They Finally Draft Their Terms, March 25th, 1919’. Lloyd George and the President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, were opposed to the French demand for Allied occupation of the Rhineland except as a temporary measure to be used as a guarantee for German payment of reparations. Lloyd George therefore decided to set down\",\n \"Thomas More Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 6 July 1535), venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist. He was also a councillor to Henry VIII, and Lord High Chancellor of England from October 1529 to 16 May 1532. He wrote \\\"Utopia\\\", published in 1516, about the political system of an imaginary, ideal island nation. More opposed the Protestant Reformation, in particular the theology of Martin Luther and William Tyndale. More also opposed the king's separation from the Catholic Church, refusing to acknowledge Henry as Supreme\",\n \"Jean-Nicolas Corvisart General Napoleon Bonaparte and his wife Josephine. There, they had the following conversation. In August 1803, Napoleon sent for Corvisart due to chest pain and a sudden cough. Napoleon had been characterized as reluctant to access his physicians, including Corvisart at first. Corvisart quickly diagnosed Napoleon with a pulmonary congestion, which he did not disclose to the emperor out of regard for his well-being. Instead, he treated the condition with a vesicant, which proved to be effective in countering the pain and congestion. In retrospect of the successful and tactful treatment, Napoleon was quoted as saying, \\\"I saw that Corvisart\",\n \"Stefan Zweig his suicide)\\\". Zweig is best known for his novellas (notably \\\"The Royal Game\\\", \\\"Amok\\\", and \\\"Letter from an Unknown Woman\\\" – which was filmed in 1948 by Max Ophüls), novels (\\\"Beware of Pity\\\", \\\"Confusion of Feelings\\\", and the posthumously published \\\"The Post Office Girl\\\") and biographies (notably of Erasmus of Rotterdam, Ferdinand Magellan, and Mary, Queen of Scots, and also the posthumously published one on Balzac). At one time his works were published without his consent in English under the pseudonym \\\"Stephen Branch\\\" (a translation of his real name) when anti-German sentiment was running high. His of Queen Marie Antoinette\",\n \"Knights of the Round Table. He is one of Arthur's chief advisors throughout his career, and according to the Lancelot-Grail Cycle, he was one of the Battle of Camlann's few survivors, and is the knight Arthur asked to return Excalibur to the Lady of the Lake. (In Thomas Malory's \\\"Le Morte d'Arthur\\\", however, Griflet is one of the knights killed defending Guinevere's execution when the queen is rescued by Lancelot; Malory follows the Stanzaic \\\"Morte Arthure\\\", making Bedivere the knight who casts Excalibur into the lake.) Griflet is the hero of his own romance, \\\"Jaufré\\\", the only surviving Arthurian romance\",\n \"leading to the signing of the Peace of Montpellier. In 1625, a new Huguenot revolt led by Duke Henri de Rohan and his brother Soubise led to the Capture of Ré island by the forces of Louis XIII. Soubise conquered large parts of the Atlantic coast, but the supporting fleet of La Rochelle was finally defeated by Montmorency, as was Soubise with 3,000 when he led a counter-attack against the royal troops who had landed on the island of Ré. Following these events, Louis XIII and his Chief Minister Cardinal Richelieu declared the suppression of the Huguenot revolt the first\",\n \"released in 2016. In May 2016, a memoir titled \\\"Theda Bara, My Mentor, \\\"Under the Wings of Hollywood's First Femme Fatale\\\", by Joan Craig with Beverly Stout, was released. Young Joan, in the companionship of Bara during the 1940s and 1950s, includes tales of Bara's husband, Charles Brabin, friends Marion Davies, Clark Gable, Victor Fleming, and other significant stars of the past. In season 2, episode 7 of the television series Downton Abbey, butler Carson describes the newly designed bathrooms at a nearby estate as \\\"like something out of a film with Theda Bara\\\". Theda Bara Theda Bara ( ;\",\n \"Parlement de Normandie de Montmorency, the admiral, the duc de Longueville, chancellor Olivier, and many other lords. Charles IX was declared of age at the parlement, accompanied by chancellor Michel de L'Hospital. In 1523, Francis I exempted the parlement from the gabelle and ordained that it would issue to each of his officers and his widow as much salt as it had for his household, without fixing the quantity, paying only the market price, on the condition it did not abuse this privilege. In 1540 chancellor Guillaume Poyet set the king against the parlement de Rouen, and the king banned it. Commissaires were\",\n \"1419 at Vannes in Brittany, at the age of sixty-nine, and was buried in Vannes Cathedral. He was canonized by Pope Calixtus III on 3 June 1455. His feast day is celebrated on 5 April. The Fraternity of Saint Vincent Ferrer, a pontifical religious institute founded in 1979, is named for him, as well two Brazilian municipalities, São Vicente Ferrer, Maranhão and São Vicente Ferrer, Pernambuco. \\\"Vincent Ferrer\\\", an obvious reference to the saint, was an alias used by the character Simon Templar in the 1997 movie The Saint, starring Val Kilmer. Vincent Ferrer <includeonly>Dominican mystics</includeonly> Vincent Ferrer, O.P. (\",\n \"Gerfalcon (novel) Newcastle edition was reprinted twice, once by Newcastle itself in 1977 and once by Borgo Press in 1980. Chapter headings of the 1927 edition: Raoul, the young heir to the barony of Marckmont (described as \\\"a blend of elf and owl and boy\\\") grows up to become a sensitive, intelligent young man who prefers reading and song to the so-called knightly virtues of war and slaughter. At seventeen, he takes off on his own and thus begin a series of adventures that will try and mature him. Along the way, he falls in love, survives attempted murder, saves Red Anne\",\n \"William of Auvergne William of Auvergne (1180/90–1249) was a French theologian and philosopher who served as Bishop of Paris from 1228 until his death. He was one of the first western European philosophers to engage with and comment extensively upon Aristotelian and Islamic philosophy. He is also known as Guillaume d'Auvergne, Guilielmus Alvernus, or William of Paris. Very little is known of William's early life. He was born in Aurillac and the likely date range for his birth is reckoned from the fact that a professor of Theology normally needed to be at least 35 years old. If that holds\",\n \"Montjoy Montjoy is a herald, or royal messenger, of the French King in William Shakespeare's play \\\"Henry V\\\". His job is to convey the King of France (King \\\"Charles VI\\\" )'s messages, including the constable's harsh message to King Henry. However, he conveys them in such a polite and respectable way that King Henry thinks on him favourably; an example of this can be seen when King Henry tips him when he has conveyed a message. Montjoy first appears in Act Ⅲ, scene Ⅵ of the play to convey the King of France( King \\\"Charles VI\\\" )'s messages to King\",\n \"Grand Constable of France purely honorific nature and disappeared with the Napoleonic regime. \\\"If I Were King\\\", 1938, with François Villon (played by Ronald Colman), who was appointed by Louis XI, King of France (played by Basil Rathbone) to be Constable of France for one week. Various versions of Shakespeare's play \\\"Henry V\\\" depict Constable Charles d'Albret, Comte de Dreux, who was appointed by Charles VI of France and was killed in the Battle of Agincourt (1415). He is played by Leo Genn in the 1944 film, by Richard Easton in the 1989 film, and by Maxime Lefrancois in the 2012 film. In the\",\n \"Peter the Venerable Abelard hospitality at Cluny and worked to mitigate the sentence of the council, eventually reconciling Abelard with his principal condemner, St. Bernard of Clairvaux. After Abelard's death, Peter granted him absolution from his sins, at the personal request of Heloise. Peter is well known for collecting sources on and writing about Islam (see below) and also as the author of vast amounts of correspondence, reflecting his almost encyclopedic knowledge of theological questions. His writings are counted as some of the most important documents of the 12th century. He took a long sabbatical journey to Spain to study with Islamic scholars\",\n \"Massacre of Wassy forty engravings published in Geneva seven years later. After the ascent of Henry II to the French throne, followers of the religious teachings of John Calvin, known as Huguenots, were persecuted in France. Catherine de' Medici, regent of Charles IX, proposed the Edict of January (or Edict of Saint-Germain) with the hopes that Calvinism and Catholicism could co-exist in France and that fighting would cease. On 1 March 1562, Francis (François), the second Duke of Guise, travelling to his estates, stopped in Wassy (aka Vassy) and decided to attend Mass. He found a large congregation of Huguenots holding religious ceremonies\",\n \"Louis XVI of France of many of his edicts that would often explain the nature and good intention of his actions as benefiting the people, such as reinstating the \\\"parlements\\\". When questioned about his decision, he said, \\\"It may be considered politically unwise, but it seems to me to be the general wish and I want to be loved.\\\" In spite of his indecisiveness, Louis XVI was determined to be a good king, stating that he \\\"must always consult public opinion; it is never wrong.\\\" He, therefore, appointed an experienced advisor, Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, \\\"Comte de Maurepas\\\" who, until his death in 1781, would take\",\n \"Battle of Lepanto It was also of great symbolic importance in a period when Europe was torn by its own wars of religion following the Protestant Reformation, strengthening the position of Philip II of Spain as the \\\"Most Catholic King\\\" and defender of Christendom against Muslim incursion. Historian Paul K. Davis writes that, \\\"More than a military victory, Lepanto was a moral one. For decades, the Ottoman Turks had terrified Europe, and the victories of Suleiman the Magnificent caused Christian Europe serious concern. The defeat at Lepanto further exemplified the rapid deterioration of Ottoman might under Selim II, and Christians rejoiced at this\",\n \"was found dead with his mistress, Baroness Mary Vetsera, apparently as a result of suicide. Exactly what happened is unknown, but on 31 July 2015, the Austrian National Library issued copies of Vetsera's letters of farewell to her mother and other family members. The letters—written in Mayerling shortly before the deaths—state clearly and unambiguously that Vetsera was preparing to commit suicide alongside Rudolf, out of \\\"love\\\". After the deaths of Rudolf and Vetsera, Emperor Franz Joseph, who wanted to found a new church, had the building changed into a monastery which was settled by nuns of the Discalced Carmelite Order.\",\n \"Jean-Louis Wagnière with matters on the estate. After three weeks Madame Denis decided to recall him to be with Voltaire but Voltaire was dead by the time Wagnière returned. The last letter Voltaire wrote was to Wagnière: \\\" 'I am dying my dear Wagnière, it seems quite difficult that I can avoid it. I am really punished for your departure, for having left Ferney, and for having taken a house in Paris. I embrace you tenderly, my dear friend, and with sadness.' \\\" After Voltaire's death on 30 May 1778, Catherine the Great of Russia commissioned Wagnière to install his library at\",\n \"Maurice Druon between 1955 and 1977, in which Charney is a supporting character. The novels were also adapted into two French television miniseries in 1972 and 2005. Geoffroi de Charney Geoffroi de Charney, (first name sometimes spelled Geoffrey, surname sometimes spelled de Charnay and de Charny), also known as Guy d'Auvergne (\\\"The Boy from Auvergne\\\"), was Preceptor of Normandy for the Knights Templar. Charney was accepted into the Order of Knights Templar at a young age by Amaury de la Roche, the Preceptor of France. Present at the ceremony was brother Jean le Franceys, Preceptor of Pédenac. In 1307 de\",\n \"Robert le diable Robert declares that he will be bold and do as Bertram instructs. Bertram leads Robert to the cloister. The ghosts of nuns rise from their tombs, beckoned by Bertram, and dance, praising the pleasures of drinking, gambling and lust. Robert seizes the branch and fends off the demons who surround him. \\\"A room in the palace\\\" Isabelle is preparing for her marriage with the Prince of Granada. Alice rushes in to inform her of what she has learnt about Robert, but she is interrupted by envoys of the Prince who enter bearing gifts. Robert arrives and, using the power of\",\n \"Louise of Lorraine and who physically resembled his beloved. In January 1575, The King sent to Lorraine two trusted men, Philippe Hurault de Cheverny (his future Chancellor) and Michel Du Guast, Marquis de Montgauger, to make his marriage proposal. Louise herself was on a pilgrimage to Saint-Nicolas-de-Port at the time, and was described as much surprised when she received the news from her family upon her return. When, on her return, Louise was informed of the King's desire to marry her, she didn't believe in it. This marriage also surprised the entourage of the king, astonished the court and the whole country because\",\n \"Shahrasb (Shahnameh) Shahrasb (), also known as Shahrasp, is one of the mythical characters in Shahnameh who was a pious and reliable advisor for Tahmuras. According to Shahnameh, Shahrasp benevolently taught king Tahmuras the right (moral) way to handle the problems. As the king followed Shahrasb's guidance, became cleansed of any sin and found Khvarenah. In the animated Persian trilogy \\\"The Legend of Mardoush\\\", Shahrasb is an old, wise, and well-known priest among the Katouzians living in a temple in the Alborz mountains. In the first episode, the new king Jamshid consults Shahrasb for strange problems emerging in his kingdom.\",\n \"of Johannes Hartlieb’s paired German translations of the pseudo-Albertus Magnus \\\"Secrets of Women\\\" and \\\"Das Buch Trotula\\\". Medieval readers of the \\\"Trotula\\\" texts would have had no reason to doubt the attribution they found in the manuscripts, and so \\\"Trotula\\\" (assuming they understood the word as a personal name instead of a title) was accepted as an authority on women's medicine. The physician Petrus Hispanus (mid-13th century), for example, cited \\\"domina Trotula\\\" (Lady Trotula) multiple times in his section on women's gynecological and obstetrical conditions. The Amiens chancellor, poet, and physician, Richard de Fournival (d. 1260), commissioned a copy headed\",\n \"Alcuin, along with Paulinus of Aquileia, Peter of Pisa, Theodulf of Orleans was one of many intellectuals invited by Charlemagne to implement the king’s program of education reform. Alcuin was appointed to take over the direction of the palace school. Alcuin's program is reflected by his established program at St. Martin of Tours, where Alcuin put emphasis on writing, reading, and grammar; elements the Epistola de litteris colendis heavily advocated. The existence of the palace school has been called into question. Many historians make the assumption that the letter was sent directly to an unknown archbishop based on the mentions\",\n \"Christine. He leads Raoul through the passages of the Opera House to Christine's dressing room, where they go through the revolving door hidden in Christine's mirror and travel down through the passages under the Opera. Raoul is very confused as to the purpose of the long pistol the Persian has given him, as he is only instructed to keep his hand as if he were ready to fire - and that it does not even matter whether he is holding the weapon. The Persian eventually reveals that keeping the hand at the level of the eyes is a defense against\",\n \"Robert and Thomas Wintour never in doubt. The Spanish Treason was a feature of Attorney General Edward Coke's rhetoric, although the Spanish king was \\\"reverently and respectfully spoken of\\\". The Jesuits, such as Henry Garnet, were condemned. Each of the brothers' confessions were also read aloud. While in the Tower, Robert and Fawkes had shared adjacent cells, and were able to speak to each other. However, their private conversation was secretly recorded, and read aloud during the trial. When asked if he had anything to say, \\\"wherefore judgement of death should not be pronounced\\\", Thomas spoke of his regret at having introduced Robert to\",\n \"Madeleine de Scudéry by MM. Rathery and Boutron in 1873. Madeleine de Scudéry was part of a movement in the late Renaissance in England and France where women used classical rhetorical theory for their own. She revised discourse to be modeled on conversation rather than public speaking, favoring that as a means of rhetoric, the speaker in the salon built on the ideas of the speaker before them, opting for consensus rather than argument. She is one of the central figures associated with the \\\"salon\\\" conversation and letter writing. Controversial in her own era, Mademoiselle de Scudéry was satirized by Molière in his\",\n \"Francis II of France take over the palace with the help of the royal guard, abduct the king, then eliminate the Guises if they offered any resistance. A substantial external military deployment was intended to secure the operation. The conspirators also most likely had the secret support of Louis, Prince of Condé, the ambitious younger brother of King Antoine of Navarre. During February 1560, the court received multiple warnings about the conspiracy. Due to that threat, the royal council decided, under the influence of Queen Catherine de' Medici, to make some concessions. On 8 March 1560, the king signed an edict granting general amnesty\",\n \"Héloïse is evident that she goes after his wealth and not the man, and is willing to prostitute herself, if she can, to a richer.\\\" Although her exceptional and different \\\"pure love\\\" for Peter Abelard provides the contextual backdrop for her brash statements, she is essentially calling marriage contractual prostitution. It is clear that Héloïse meant for this philosophy to be heard because Peter Abelard himself reproduces her arguments in The Story of His Calamities. Héloïse is accorded an important place in French literary history and in the development of feminist representation. While few of her letters survive, those that do\",\n \"La conversione e morte di San Guglielmo has banished the Bishop of Poitiers for refusing to abandon the legitimate pope. Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, the most famous preacher of the era, arrives at William's court to try to bring him back into the fold of the true Church. Around these two a devil and an angel manoeuvre (along with Captain Cuòsemo). The devil first appears disguised as a messenger and then as a counsellor (under the name Ridolfo). The angel is disguised as a page (named Albinio). Each tries to influence the duke's decisions according to their own secret plans. Despite Saint Bernard's exhortations, the duke seems\",\n \"its two surveyors or wardens. There is some evidence of other notables using Margery's skills, such as Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, who is said to have consulted Margery Jourdemayne, the celebrated witch of Eye, with respect to his conduct and fate during the impending conflicts. She told him that he would be defeated and slain at a castle: but as long as he arrayed his forces and fought in the open field, he would be victorious and safe from harm. During the course of the 1441 trial, it was disclosed that Margery had been held for some months\",\n \"Rétaux de Villette letters were presented in turn to Cardinal Rohan, persuading him to buy the necklace for the Queen, or so he thought. After the necklace was purchased by Rohan and given to Saint-Remy to pass along to the queen, she and her husband, Nicolas de la Motte immediately took off to London and began selling the jewels from the necklace for their own profit. Villette later testified against the La Mottes. The scheme was eventually exposed and all those involved were prosecuted, including Villette. As punishment for his involvement in the Affair of the Diamond Necklace, Villette was exiled from France.\",\n \"Diane (film) abetted by Medici scheming, eventually results in the death of Henri. Catherine, now ruling as regent for her three young sons, banishes Diane but spares her rival's life in a gesture of mutual respect. The film was based on a fifty-page unpublished manuscript called \\\"Diane de Poitiers\\\" by John Erskine, who died in 1951. Film rights were bought in 1939 by producer Edwin H Knopf, story editor for Sam Goldwyn. Knopf tried to get financing for the film but was unable. In 1953 the project was reactivated. Knopf re-secured the film rights from Erskine's estate and took the project to\",\n \"whom he, somewhat foolishly, takes to be Roland. The two have a fight, during which Rauf gets the upper hand, then realizes this person is a \\\"Saracen\\\" and not Roland. Roland comes at this point. He pleads with the Saracen to renounce his faith and convert to Christianity, or else Roland and Rauf will be forced to kill him. The two discuss back and forth, bringing up issues of worldly gain and faith. Ultimately, the Saracen does as he's asked, and converts. The Tale of Ralph the Collier The Tale of Ralph the Collier, also known as \\\"The Tale of\",\n \"The Treasure of the City of Ladies The Treasure of the City of Ladies (Le trésor de la cité des dames, also known The Book of the Three Virtues) is a manual of education by medieval Italian-French author Christine de Pisan. Finished, like her previous \\\"Book of the City of Ladies\\\", by the year 1405, and dedicated to Margaret of Burgundy at a time when Christine was writing works for Margaret's father Duke John the Fearless of Burgundy, the book aims to educate women of all estates with advice on various topics. Her \\\"Book\\\" and \\\"Treasure\\\" are two of her\",\n \"Peter Abelard Peter Abelard (; or \\\"Abailardus\\\"; , ; 1079 – 21 April 1142) was a medieval French scholastic philosopher, theologian, and preeminent logician. His love for, and affair with, Héloïse d'Argenteuil has become legendary. The \\\"Chambers Biographical Dictionary\\\" describes him as \\\"the keenest thinker and boldest theologian of the 12th Century\\\". Abelard, originally called \\\"Pierre le Pallet\\\", was born in Le Pallet, about 10 miles (16 km) east of Nantes, in Brittany, the eldest son of a minor noble French family. As a boy, he learned quickly. His father, a knight called Berenger, encouraged Pierre to study the liberal\",\n \"he dispatched monks to request help from neighbouring Abbeys, as far as Shrewsbury, where the main plot of \\\"The Holy Thief\\\" begins. Earl Robert was a real person in history, quite involved in King Stephen's fortunes. Robert and his brother Waleran, twin sons of Robert, Count of Meulan who held lands and title in England and in France, supported Stephen in battle early on, but at this story, are in a difficult position. Waleran, whose title came from the lands he inherited in France and Normandy, had to come to terms with Geoffrey of Anjou, husband of Empress Maud and\",\n \"Merlin throws a spell of enchantment on Pellinore to save Arthur’s life. Arthur praises Pellinore’s skill, and they soon become friends, with Arthur inviting him to join the Knights of the Round Table. He has many legitimate and illegitimate children; his sons Tor, Aglovale, Lamorak, Dornar, and Percival all eventually join the Round Table as well, and his unnamed daughter (see Dindrane) becomes a servant of the Holy Grail and helps Percival, Galahad and Bors achieve the mystical objective. Pellinore is a major figure in the Post-Vulgate Cycle and the sections of Thomas Malory's \\\"Le Morte d'Arthur\\\" based on it.\",\n \"transmitted into many Oriental and Western languages. A Syriac version was translated into Greek by the Byzantine author Michael Andreopoulos at the end of the 11th century under the title of \\\"The Book of the Philosopher Syntipas\\\". In his introduction, Andreopoulos describes it as a story which “derides evildoers and, towards its end, praises righteous deeds”, thus excusing a work otherwise characterised by “exoticism and eroticism”. In the Greek version, Syntipas is counsellor to King Cyrus and tutor to his son who, having taken a vow of silence for seven days, is accused by his stepmother of trying to seduce\",\n \"Louis IX of France the presumption of innocence in criminal procedure. To enforce the application of this new legal system, Louis IX created provosts and bailiffs. Following a vow he made after a serious illness and confirmed after a miraculous cure, Louis IX took an active part in the Seventh and Eighth Crusades. He died from dysentery during the latter crusade, and was succeeded by his son Philip III. Louis's actions were inspired by Christian zeal and Catholic devotion. He decided to severely punish blasphemy (for which he set the punishment to mutilation of the tongue and lips), gambling, interest-bearing loans and prostitution. He\",\n \"Perceval, the Story of the Grail and two 16th-century printings. Though Chrétien did not complete his romance, it had an enormous impact on the literary world of the Middle Ages. \\\"Perceval\\\" introduced an enthusiastic Europe to the grail and all versions of the story, including those that made the grail \\\"Holy\\\", probably derive directly or indirectly from it. The grail in \\\"Perceval\\\" has the power to heal the Fisher King so it may have been seen as a mystical or holy object by readers. Wolfram von Eschenbach's \\\"Parzival\\\", one of the greatest works of medieval Germany, is based largely on Chrétien's poem. When comparing Wolfram's \\\"Parzival\\\"\",\n \"Robert le diable to get Robert to sign a document in which he promises to serve Bertram for all eternity. He reveals to Robert that he is his true father and Robert decides to sign the oath from filial devotion. Before he can do so, Alice appears with the news that the Prince has been prevented from marrying Isabelle. Alice prays for divine help (\\\"Dieu puissant, ciel propice\\\") and hands Robert his mother's will. Robert reads his mother's message, in which she warns him to beware the man who seduced and ruined her. Robert is wracked by indecision. Midnight strikes and the time\",\n \"again faces the mysterious Count of Sayn in a race to find a legendary document, the “Third Testament”. The story is a 4-part suite published by Glénat. Konrad von Marburg Konrad von Marburg (sometimes anglicised as Conrad of Marburg) (1180 – 30 July 1233) was a medieval German priest and nobleman. He was commissioned by the pope to combat the Albigensians. Konrad's early life is not well known, but he was described by contemporary church sources as well educated and highly knowledgeable. It is possible that he received a university education. He was also noted for his strong asceticism and\",\n \"all discussion. He died at Grande-Sauve Abbey. He was canonized on 27 April 1197 by Pope Celestine III. His feast day is 5 April. Gerald of Sauve-Majeure Saint Gerald of Sauve-Majeure (sometimes also Gerard or Geraud) ( 1025 – 1095), also known, from his place of origin, as Gerald of Corbie, was a Benedictine abbot. Saint Gerald was born in Corbie, Picardy, and was educated at the abbey of Corbie, where he later became a monk and cellarer. He suffered greatly from violent headaches which prevented him from carrying out his devotions. In an effort to cure them he made\",\n \"Les Huguenots boasting about, swears never to see her again. In fact she is Nevers' intended bride, Valentine (daughter of St. Bris), instructed by the Queen to break off her engagement. The page Urbain enters with a secret message for Raoul, daring him to come blindfolded to a secret rendezvous with an unnamed woman \\\"( Cavatina: \\\"Une dame noble et sage\\\")\\\". The Catholics recognize the seal on the letter as belonging to the Queen of Navarre and drink to Raoul's health as he is led away. \\\"The castle and gardens at the Château de Chenonceaux. The river meanders to the middle of\",\n \"was considered to be an intelligent, erudite and charismatic speaker. He expressed his ideas in a series of letters he wrote to the Apostolics from 1300 to 1307; his letters were found by the Inquisition and are deeply analyzed (and confuted) in the paper \\\"Additamentum ad Historiam fratris Dulcini, haeretici\\\", written by an Inquisitor. His main ideas were the following: In Dante's \\\"Divine Comedy\\\", actually written \\\"after\\\" Fra Dolcino's death but \\\"as if\\\" it were before it, Mohammed talks about Dolcino (Inferno XXVIII): Fra Dolcino and his former followers are mentioned often in Umberto Eco's novel \\\"The Name of the\",\n \"Le livre du chemin de long estude role is similar to that of Beatrice in the \\\"Divine Comedy\\\". The book was, like many others by Christine de Pizan, made for a number of patrons; though dedicated to Charles VI of France; manuscripts were presented to John, Duke of Berry, Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and Louis I, Duke of Orléans. There are four known illustrated versions remaining: Harley 4431 (part of the collection de Pizan prepared for Isabeau of Bavaria), BNF 836, and Brussels 10982 and 10983. The four all have different illustrations of different scenes, placing different accents on textual aspects; for instance, Harley 4431\",\n \"Congress of Vienna and special interest groups – e.g., a delegation representing German publishers, demanding a copyright law and freedom of the press. The Congress was noted for its lavish entertainment: according to a famous joke it did not move, but danced. Initially, the representatives of the four victorious powers hoped to exclude the French from serious participation in the negotiations, but Talleyrand skillfully managed to insert himself into \\\"her inner councils\\\" in the first weeks of negotiations. He allied himself to a Committee of Eight lesser powers (including Spain, Sweden, and Portugal) to control the negotiations. Once Talleyrand was able to use\",\n \"Oswald Tesimond subsequently revealed the plot to his Jesuit superior, Henry Garnet, in confession. Garnet judged that he had received this information under the seal of the confessional, and that canon law forbade him to repeat it, but urged Tesimond to dissuade Catesby. With the knowledge he possessed, Tesimond and Garnet decided to give religious consolations to the conspirators. They both did this despite the nature of the plot, which involved treason; obviously, their choice of keeping their knowledge secret constituted a violation of the law. He gave these consolations on 6 November 1605 at Huddington, after they had returned from London.\",\n \"Albinus of Angers (538) after King Childebert granted permission for this council to take place. Albinus sought advice from St. Caesarius of Arles after seeing laxity in other bishops. Tradition states that he helped all in distress, using diocesan funds to free hostages from pirates. Another tradition states that he clashed with King Childebert, who had imprisoned a woman called Etherie, from Douille near Angers. Unable to secure her release Albinus visited her in prison, and the soldier who tried to resist him fell dead at his feet. This so impressed the king that he allowed St. Albinus to bail her out. Another\",\n \"Henry Knighton of Richard\\\" school. Knighton calls five of King Richard II's trusted advisors – Robert de Vere, Alexander Neville, (Archbishop of York), Sir Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk (lord chancellor), Sir Robert Tresilian (chief justice of the King's Bench), and Sir Nicholas Brembre – the \\\"five evil seducers of the king (\\\"quinque nephandi seductores regis\\\")\\\". Knighton lived during the same time period as John Wycliffe and had personal knowledge of him as he went to Oxford when Wycliffe was a master there. However he was neither directly associated with Wycliffe nor with the Lollards (\\\"Wycliffites\\\", followers of Wycliffe's\",\n \"appear in the 9th century, and continued growing to the 14th century. Saint Thomas Aquinas discussed the necessity of the presence of Saint Joseph in the plan of the Incarnation for if Mary had not been married, the Jews would have stoned her and that in his youth Jesus needed the care and protection of a human father. In the 15th century, major steps were taken by Saint Bernardine of Siena, Pierre d'Ailly and Jean Gerson. Gerson wrote \\\"Consideration sur Saint Joseph\\\" and preached sermons on Saint Joseph at the Council of Constance. In 1889 Pope Leo XIII issued the\",\n \"the abbey at Agaunum. Our Lady of Laus included an apparition of Saint Maurice, who appeared in an antique episcopal vestment and told Benoîte Rencurel that he was the one to whom the nearby chapel was dedicated, that he would fetch her some water (before drawing some water out of a well she had not seen), that she should go down to a certain valley to escape the local guard and see Mary, mother of Jesus, and that Mary was both in Heaven and could appear on Earth. Saint Maurice became a patron saint of the German Holy Roman Emperors.\",\n \"Nine Worthies Judas Maccabeus) and three Christians (King Arthur, Charlemagne, and Godfrey of Bouillon). They were first described in the early fourteenth century, by Jacques de Longuyon in his \\\"Voeux du Paon\\\" (1312). Their selection, as Johan Huizinga pointed out, betrays a close connection with the romance genre of chivalry. Neatly divided into a triad of triads, these men were considered to be paragons of chivalry within their particular traditions, whether Pagan, Jewish, or Christian. Longuyon's choices soon became a common theme in the literature and art of the Middle Ages and earned a permanent place in the popular consciousness. The medieval\",\n \"Gilles de Rais Gilles de Rais (), Baron de Rais (), was a knight and lord from Brittany, Anjou and Poitou, a leader in the French army, and a companion-in-arms of Joan of Arc. He is best known for his reputation and later conviction as a confessed serial killer of children. A member of the House of Montmorency-Laval, Gilles de Rais grew up under the tutelage of his maternal grandfather and increased his fortune by marriage. He earned the favour of the Duke of Brittany and was admitted to the French court. From 1427 to 1435, Gilles served as a\",\n \"Rachilde She was unwanted by her parents and received less affection from them than did the family's pet monkey, who was even granted such social graces as a seat at the table. She received some affection from her maternal grandmother, but Gabrielle taught the child to dismiss her grandmother as frivolous and simple. Nevertheless, it was her grandmother and her grandfather who encouraged Marguerite's imagination through play and reading, and offered her glimpses of fantastical escape. Joseph Eymery was a soldier, and that had a distinct impact on his wife and daughter, through various absences and stresses. At the extreme end,\",\n \"the spouses into reconciliation. Lunete In Arthurian legend, Lunete (also known as Luned or Lunet) is a handmaiden and advisor to the Lady of the Fountain (Laudine). It is she who is responsible for convincing Laudine to accept Ywain in marriage. She is described in Chrétien de Troyes' \\\"Yvain, the Knight of the Lion\\\" as \\\"a charming brunette, prudent, clever and polite...\\\" When Esclados the Red (Laudine's first husband) is mortally wounded and killed by Ywain, he finds himself trapped in Laudine's castle (Castle of Landuc near Brocéliande). Lunete offers him shelter and agrees to aid him in escaping the\",\n \"Montaigu escaped to Avignon, and Olivier de Clisson was fined 100,000 francs, dismissed of his title and banished from France. Some of the Marmousets eventually returned to their duties in minor posts, and while they were no longer a faction many of their ideas were later put into practice by Charles VII, who became the natural heir of their policies. Marmousets The marmousets (referred to as \\\"les petites gens\\\") is a nickname, first recorded in the chronicles of Jean Froissart, for a group of counselors to Charles VI of France. Although they were neither princes nor civil servants, they were\",\n \"the tide of opinion turned against Voltaire. Napoleon expressed a preference for Corneille over Voltaire, reviving the former's reputation as a dramatist while diminishing the latter's. Pierre Corneille Pierre Corneille (; Rouen, 6 June 1606 – Paris, 1 October 1684) was a French tragedian. He is generally considered one of the three great seventeenth-century French dramatists, along with Molière and Racine. As a young man, he earned the valuable patronage of Cardinal Richelieu, who was trying to promote classical tragedy along formal lines, but later quarrelled with him, especially over his best-known play, \\\"Le Cid\\\", about a medieval Spanish warrior,\",\n \"Avignon Papacy of France managed to influence the papacy, although papal legates played key roles in various attempts to stop the conflict. Most notably in 1353 the Bishop of Porto, Guy de Boulogne, tried to set up a conference. After initial successful talks the effort failed, largely due to the mistrust from English side over Guy's strong ties with the French court. In a letter Innocent VI himself wrote to the Duke of Lancaster: \\\"Although we were born in France and although for that and other reasons we hold the realm of France in special affection, yet in working for peace we\",\n \"the remains of Diane de Poitiers in 2009, they found high levels of gold in her hair. It is suggested that the \\\"drinkable gold\\\" that she \\\"reportedly\\\" regularly took, believed to preserve youth, may have ultimately killed her. In May 2010, she was reburied at her original tomb in the Château d'Anet. Diane de Poitiers has been featured in many novels and films. Diane de Poitiers Diane de Poitiers (3 September 1499 – 25 April 1566) was a French noblewoman and a prominent courtier at the courts of King Francis I of France and his son, Henry II. She became\",\n \"Christine de Pizan of a king as military leader and she described in detail the role of the military class in society. France was at the verge of all out civil war since 1405. In 1407 John I of Burgundy, also known as John the Fearless, plunged France into a crisis when he had Louis of Orléans assassinated. The Duke of Burgundy fled Paris when his complicity in the assassination became known, but was appointed regent of France on behalf of Charles VI in late 1408 after his military victory in the Battle of Othee. It is not certain who commissioned Pizan to\",\n \"Cardinal Richelieu consecrated bishop in April 1607. Soon after he returned to his diocese in 1608, Richelieu was heralded as a reformer. He became the first bishop in France to implement the institutional reforms prescribed by the Council of Trent between 1545 and 1563. At about this time, Richelieu became a friend of François Leclerc du Tremblay (better known as \\\"\\\"Père Joseph\\\"\\\" or \\\"Father Joseph\\\"), a Capuchin friar, who would later become a close confidant. Because of his closeness to Richelieu, and the grey colour of his robes, Father Joseph was also nicknamed \\\"l'Éminence grise\\\" (\\\"the Grey Eminence\\\"). Later, Richelieu often used\",\n \"Treaty of Valençay Treaty of Valençay The Treaty of Valençay (11 December 1813), after the château of the same name belonging to former French foreign minister Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, was drafted by Antoine René Mathurin and José Miguel de Carvajal y Manrique on behalf of the French Empire and the Spanish Crown respectively. Intended as the preliminary to a full peace treaty between France and Spain, the agreement provided for the restoration of Ferdinand VII of Spain, imprisoned at Valençay since 1808, to the Spanish throne usurped by Joseph Bonaparte. Included in the terms was an armistice which neither side, mistrusting the\",\n \"The Hunchback of Notre-Dame of Captain Phoebus and Pierre Gringoire, but especially Quasimodo and his guardian Archdeacon Claude Frollo. Frollo is torn between his obsessive lust for Esmeralda and the rules of Notre Dame Cathedral. He orders Quasimodo to kidnap her, but Quasimodo is captured by Phoebus and his guards, who save Esmeralda. Gringoire, who attempted to help Esmeralda but was knocked out by Quasimodo, is about to be hanged by beggars when Esmeralda saves him by agreeing to marry him for four years. The following day, Quasimodo is sentenced to be flogged and turned on the pillory for one hour, followed by another\",\n \"Raymond of Penyafort of cases, the \\\"Summa de casibus poenitentiae\\\". More than simply a list of sins and suggested penances, it discussed pertinent doctrines and laws of the Church that pertained to the problem or case brought to the confessor, and is widely considered an authoritative work on the subject. In 1229 Raymond was appointed theologian and penitentiary to the Cardinal Archbishop of Sabina, John of Abbeville, and was summoned to Rome in 1230 by Pope Gregory IX, who appointed him chaplain and grand penitentiary. Knowing Raymond's reputation in the juridical sciences, Gregory IX asked him to help in the rearranging and codifying\",\n \"the daily gathering in the drawing room of Queen Anne, where he fell in love with her. When the queen dowager was forced to leave France in 1630, the king replaced Madeleine du Fargis with her grandmother as dame d'atour and appointed Marie as fille d'honneur to the queen so that he could keep her at court with the words that Anne must love Marie for his sake. Madeleine du Fargis advised Anne to accept the arrangement with the words that whomever Louis loved, he could make love only with her. Marie de Hautefort was described as a proud, virtuous\",\n \"spend an eternity trapped in the material realm of the evil god, destined to be reincarnated until they achieved salvation through the consolamentum, when they could ascend to heaven where the benign God lived and the true messiah was martyred. From the beginning of his reign, Pope Innocent III attempted to end Catharism by sending missionaries and by persuading the local authorities to act against them. In 1208, Innocent's papal legate Pierre de Castelnau was murdered while returning to Rome after excommunicating Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, who, in his view, was too lenient with the Cathars. Pope Innocent III\",\n \"of his introduction, it is safe to infer that the title of Viscount is a courtesy title.) Viscount Raoul de Chagny Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny is a fictional character and one of the protagonists of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel \\\"The Phantom of the Opera\\\". Raoul is a viscount and Christine Daaé's childhood friend. They first met when he was a young child when he went on vacation in Northern France. He meets up with her again after watching her performance at the former managers' retirement ceremony at the Palais Garnier. He reminds her that he is \\\"the little boy who\",\n \"when, on a scaffold in front of Notre Dame, de Molay, Geoffroi de Charney, Master of Normandy, Hugues de Peraud, referred to as \\\"a visitor of France\\\", and Godefroi de Gonneville, Master of Aquitaine, were brought forth from the jail in which for nearly seven years they had lain, to receive the sentence agreed upon by the cardinals, in conjunction with the Archbishop of Sens and some other prelates whom they had called in. Considering the offences which the culprits had confessed and confirmed, the penalty imposed was in accordance with rule—that of perpetual imprisonment. The affair was supposed to\",\n \"Thomas, Lord of Coucy given to the church through the sword of the apostle Peter, they condemned Thomas of Marle to be punished with general anathema or excommunication. Cono and the council of French religious officials also removed the sword belt of knighthood from him, although Thomas was not present, and declared him to be infamous, a scoundrel who was unworthy of the name Christian. Thomas of Marle's behavior on the battlefield and his brutal treatment of prisoners garnered him the attention of many of France's leaders. As a Christian monarch, Louis VI was persuaded by the results of the general synod and gathered\",\n \"Geoffrey of Villehardouin in French rather than Latin, making it one of the earliest works of French prose. Villehardouin's account is generally read alongside that of Robert of Clari, a French knight of low station, Niketas Choniates, a high-ranking Byzantine official and historian who gives an eyewitness account, and Gunther of Pairis, a Cistercian monk who tells the story from the perspective of Abbot Martin who accompanied the Crusaders. Villehardouin's nephew Geoffroi I of Villehardouin went on to become Prince of Achaea in Morea (the medieval name for the Peloponnesus) in 1209. Villehardouin himself seems to have died shortly afterwards. His son Erard\",\n \"Bastian Pagez \\\"young French varlet of the Scots queen\\\" arrived in Paris on 4 March, identified by the historian John Hungerford Pollen as Bastian. He brought a letter from Mary written in Scots for Vincenzo Laureo, Bishop of Mondovì and nuncio for Scotland. The bishop found only one new detail in the letter, that one of Darnley's ribs was found to be broken. (The significance to Mary was the controversy over the cause of his death.) Neither of these letters carried by Dolu or Bastian survive, but they probably carried the letter written by Mary at Seton Palace on 18 February to\",\n \"Thomas, Lord of Coucy would gain nothing from his violent and faithless attacks, Louis decreed that none of the heirs of Thomas would ever hold lordship over these cities. Louis VI continued to press his advantage against Thomas by leading a host of men directly to the center of Thomas' power at Coucy. This action was spurred on by a number of bishops and notable men of France, most prominently the distinguished Count Ralph of Vermandois. Encouraged by his religious fervor and the revenge he wished to bestow on behalf of the church, Louis VI ignored reports of ambushes and the strength of Thomas'\",\n \"Robert de Sorbon Robert de Sorbon (; 9 October 1201 – 15 August 1274) was a French theologian, the chaplain of Louis IX of France, and founder of the Sorbonne college in Paris. Born into a poor family in Sorbon, in what is now the Ardennes \\\"département\\\", Robert de Sorbon entered the Church and was educated in Reims and Paris. He was noted for his piety and attracted the patronage of the Comte d'Artois and King Louis IX of France, later known as Saint Louis. He became the canon of Cambrai around 1251 before being appointed canon of Paris and\",\n \"at the Church of the Convent of the Dominicans in Avignon, on Pentecost Sunday, 19 May 1342, by Cardinal Raymond Guillaume de Fargues, the Protodeacon. Among the witnesses were John Duke of Normandy, the eldest son of the King, Jacques Duke of Bourbon, Philip Duke of Burgundy, and Imbert Dauphin of Vienne. On 21 June 1339, Pope Benedict XII wrote to the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of Winchester, and the Bishop of Paris, issuing a mandate for them to protect Cardinal Gaillard de La Mothe against those who molest him, touching his benefices and possessions in their dioceses. This\",\n \"The Cathars were left without political and military protection, as Raymond and his subordinates, now vassals of the French crown, were ordered to hunt them down. Treaty of Paris (1229) The Treaty of Paris, also known as Treaty of Meaux, was signed on April 12, 1229 between Raymond VII of Toulouse and Louis IX of France in Meaux near Paris. Louis was still a minor, and it was his mother Blanche of Castile who was responsible for the treaty. The agreement officially ended the Albigensian Crusade (began 1209) as Raymond conceded defeat to Louis IX. Based on the terms of\",\n \"Les Huguenots of La Rochelle, calling for the extermination of Catholics \\\"(Chanson huguenote: \\\"Piff, paff, piff, paff\\\").\\\" The Catholics are merely amused by this. A valet of the Count of Nevers informs his master that a mysterious woman wishes to speak to him. The count goes out to meet the stranger. Catholic lords wonder about the identity of the unknown woman and try to see her. They invite Raoul to do the same. Recognizing the young woman he saved and fell in love with, the young Huguenot, believing she is one of the mistresses of the Count of Nevers he has been\",\n \"François Leclerc du Tremblay François Leclerc du Tremblay François Leclerc du Tremblay (4 November 1577 – 17 December 1638), also known as Père Joseph, was a French Capuchin friar, confidant and agent of Cardinal Richelieu. He was the original \\\"éminence grise\\\"—the French term (\\\"grey eminence\\\") for a powerful advisor or decision-maker who operates secretly or unofficially. Leclerc was the eldest son of Jean Leclerc du Tremblay, president of the chamber of requests of the parlement of Paris, and of Marie Motier de Lafayette. As a boy he received a careful classical training, and in 1595 made an extended journey through Italy, returning to take\",\n \"Raoul of Merencourt the kingdom were uncertain of John of Brienne's ability to lead. In 1211 Albert sent Raoul to seek the counsel of Pope Innocent III. He returned with clear instructions to support John as regent-king for his daughter. At Albert's assassination on 14 September 1214, while in procession to the cathedral of the Holy Cross in Acre, the post of patriarch became open. The canons of the Holy Sepulchre, following their own custom in imitation of the Acts of the Apostles, selected two candidates to succeed Albert. One candidate was Lotario Rosario de Cremona, who had originally succeeded Albert as bishop\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":722,"string":"722"}}},{"rowIdx":90,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"where was the movie kanche filmed in 2015"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["Burra wrote the film's dialogue. Principal photography commenced on 27 February 2015 in Hyderabad. \"Kanche\" was filmed in Tatipaka, Draksharamam, Kapotavaram, and in Peruru Agraharam near Palakollu. Major sets were erected in Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad. The war sequences were filmed in Georgia and the film's unit was allotted 700 guns, four tanks, and a machine gun from the Georgia Military Institute a military training school. Principal photography was wrapped up on 6 July 2015. \"Kanche\" was filmed in 55 working days, 35 of which were in Georgia. Promoted as Telugu cinema's first World War II-based film, \"Kanche\" was released"],"string":"[\n \"Burra wrote the film's dialogue. Principal photography commenced on 27 February 2015 in Hyderabad. \\\"Kanche\\\" was filmed in Tatipaka, Draksharamam, Kapotavaram, and in Peruru Agraharam near Palakollu. Major sets were erected in Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad. The war sequences were filmed in Georgia and the film's unit was allotted 700 guns, four tanks, and a machine gun from the Georgia Military Institute a military training school. Principal photography was wrapped up on 6 July 2015. \\\"Kanche\\\" was filmed in 55 working days, 35 of which were in Georgia. Promoted as Telugu cinema's first World War II-based film, \\\"Kanche\\\" was released\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["27 Down seeing life differently, but when his father finds about their relationship, he fixes his marriage with some other girl. The film was shot on location on Mumbai trains, platforms, and at Mumbai's Victoria Terminus station, the cinematographer of the film, Apurba Kishore Bir was 22 years old when he got the project, he shot 70 percent of the film using a hand-held camera, inspired by \"The Battle of Algiers\", a 1966 war film with an aim to put the camera right in the conflict, he shot with wide lenses rather than zooms. Bir chose to shoot the film in black","Makaramanju he chose a point in the story that was filled with drama and emotion. I was stuck by the sensitivity and acumen of the man who used his brush to depict those moments. That is why I felt I could understand him better if I concentrated on a work and then narrate the story of the artist's creative process,\" says the director. The principal production began in October 2009. The film's set has been put up in an old bungalow known as Church bungalow on the compound of a Lutheran church, near Pallichal in Thiruvananthapuram district. The film was also","Mudéjar styles, with antique decor and numerous manuscripts. The Casa de Pilatos is considered one of the finest examples of Andalusian architecture of 16th-century Seville. The house is open to the public year-round. Several films have been shot in the Casa de Pilatos, including four Hollywood blockbusters: \"Lawrence of Arabia\" in 1962, and Ridley Scott's \"\" in 1992, and \"Kingdom of Heaven\" in 2005. At the end of 2009, Tom Cruise filmed the movie \"Knight and Day\" with Cameron Diaz at the palace. Casa de Pilatos La Casa de Pilatos (Pilate's House) is an Andalusian palace in Seville, Spain, which","Parava (film) landing on Ichappi's hand. After assisting several directors, Shahir started co-writing a script with friend Muneer Ali, who wrote the script for the segment \"Sethulakshmi\" in \"5 Sundarikal\" in late 2015. In early 2016, Anwar Rasheed announced that he would produce Shahir's directorial debut. A casting call announcement was made on 23 April 2016 throughout social media seeking male and female actors between age 13 and 26. Filming began in Qissa Cafe in Fort Kochi on 1 June 2016. The original soundtrack and background score were composed by Rex Vijayan, with lyrics by Vinayak Sasikumar. Deepa Soman of \"Times of","where a replica of Lucknow Central Jail had been created for the shooting of the film. Apart from Mumbai, the shooting of \"Lucknow Central\" was also done in Lucknow and Varanasi. The official trailer was launched on 26 July 2017. The film hit the theaters on 15 September 2017. The music is composed by Arjunna Harjaie, Sukhwinder Singh, Mychael Danna, Rochak Kohli and Tanishk Bagchi while the lyrics have been penned by Kumaar, Sukhwinder Singh, Mychael Danna and Adheesh Verma. Its first song \"Kaavaan Kaavaan\" which is sung by Divya Kumar was released on 3 August 2017. The second song","Note (film) to Bako National Park to resolve their relationship but met few unexpected consequences which aggravated the situation between the couple. The Japanese origin film director made his Malay film debut through this venture and incurred about 1.8 million Malaysian Ringgit as the cost of production. The making of the film was filmed and shot in Sarawak in April 2013 and in Kuala Lumpur in May 2013. The production of the film ended up within 26 days but underwent delays due to other unknown reasons before its original release on 13 August 2015. The film had its theatrical release in Malaysia","of Overseas Filipino Workers, particularly on their experiences of entering into romantic relationships during their stay outside the Philippines. Spring Films, an independent film production outfit founded by actor Piolo Pascual and director Joyce Bernal, made \"Kita Kita\" with a budget of ₱10 million (approximately US$211,000). It was co-produced by Viva Films. Boy Yñiguez was the cinematographer of \"Kita Kita\". Principal photography was done in Hokkaido, Japan. Among the shooting locations in Sapporo are Odori Park, the Sapporo TV Tower, Susukino, the Sapporo Clock Tower, the Historical Village of Hokkaido, Fushimi Inari Shrine, Mount Moiwa, and Moerenuma Park. In Otaru,","relationship. It is also said that the divorse is approved and their daughter is living with each parents separately each month. Music was composed by Bijibal, lyrics were written by Santhosh Varma. Ramante Edanthottam Ramante Edanthottam () is a 2017 Indian Malayalam-language romantic drama film written, produced and directed by Ranjith Sankar. The film stars Kunchacko Boban in the title role. Filming began in February 2017 in Kochi and Vagamon. It was released in India on 12 May 2017. The movie starts with Malini taking a video message of herself to sent Raman while driving telling that she is coming","Ivide Krish marries Roshni and they move back to India to work for the Indian branch of their company to be closer to family. The movie was released on 29 May 2015. The film opened to a mixed response from critics. The \"International Business Times\" rated the film 3.5 on a scale of 5, calling it a \"decent film\". Veeyen of NowRunning rated the movie 3 out of 5, calling it \"a demanding film that dexterously holds a mirror up to contemporary life in the United States of America\". Bollywood Chats praised the photography and the performance of some of the","Our Brand Is Crisis (2015 film) Dowd joined the film. On October 10, Joaquim de Almeida and Zoe Kazan joined the cast, with Almeida playing Castillo, the former president of Bolivia, and Kazan playing a young woman who finds dirt on political candidates. On October 13, 2014, Participant Media announced that they would co-finance the film with Warner, while Jeffrey Skoll and Jonathan King would executive produce, along with Bullock and Stuart M. Besser. More casting was also announced, which included Reynaldo Pacheco, Dominic Flores, Louis Arcella, and Octavio Gómez. Principal photography on the film began on September 29, 2014 in New Orleans, Louisiana, using 35mm","production did not take place. Annaud, whose 1997 film \"Seven Years in Tibet\" is banned in China, was hired despite the history. The film was produced by China Film Group and French-based Reperage. The French director, who had worked with animals on other films, acquired a dozen wolf pups in China and had them trained for several years by a Canadian animal trainer. With a production budget of , Annaud filmed \"Wolf Totem\" in Inner Mongolia, where the book is set, for over a year. The film premiered at the European Film Market on , 2015. It was scheduled to","Pankaj Butalia in Kashmir after more than two decades of violence. The film was initially denied certification by the CBFC. In May 2015 the Delhi High Court allowed its release without any cuts. Another film recently concluded is \"A Landscape of Neglect\" (originally titled \"Assamblog\") shot extensively in remote parts of Assam over a period of three years. Together with \"Manipur Song\" and \"The Textures of Loss\", it forms the third part of a trilogy dealing with conflict in India. These were followed by \"Yeh kahaan aa gaye hum\", a film on Urdu poet and lyricist Nida Fazli, and \"In Search of","Bastille Day (film) enforcement, meets with Gamieux on the pretense of trading the flash drive for a passport and a ride out of the country, leading to the latter's arrest. The charges against Mason are dropped, and he is offered a job with the CIA. On 11 November 2013, Idris Elba joined the cast of the film. On 2 October 2014, Richard Madden joined the cast. On 18 May 2014, Focus Features acquired the rights to distribute the film in North America. Principal photography began on 13 October 2014 in Paris, and ended on 17 December 2014. The film was scheduled to be","Pattam Pole His story and idea found many takers and veteran producer Carlton Karunakaran readily agreed to produce the film. But Alagappan wanted to finish all his projects for other filmmakers before he donned the director's cap. In the meantime, he tightened his script and penned the dialogues in Tamil while Gireesh Kumar who wrote the scripts took care of the parts in Malayalam. The film commenced its production in June 2013 in Kumbakonam in Tamil Nadu. The major location was Alappuzha in Kerala where the film is mostly set. The film received negative reviews from critics. Paresh C Palicha of Rediff.com","Fitoor Fitoor (English: \"Passion\", \"Obsession\") is a 2016 Indian romantic drama film directed by Abhishek Kapoor, produced by Siddharth Roy Kapur, and written by Kapoor and Supratik Sen based on Charles Dickens' novel \"Great Expectations\". The film features Tabu, Katrina Kaif, and Aditya Roy Kapur in leading roles. It received mixed reviews and was unsuccessful at the box office. Tabu and Aditi Rao Hydari received critical acclaim for their performances. Filming began in Kashmir in November 2014. The film was released on 12 February 2016. Noor (Mohammad Abrar Sheikh), a thirteen-year-old Kashmiri boy from a poor family, meets and becomes","female role and scenes were subsequently shot in and around Chennai during the middle of 2015. D. Imman was signed on to compose the film's music, while an ensemble cast of Karunakaran, Pandiarajan and Aadukalam Naren were added to play supporting roles. By August 2015, the film was revealed to be close to completion and awaiting a release date. D. Imman has scored the original score and soundtrack for the film. Sony Music has acquired the audio rights. There are seven tracks in the album including two instrumentals. The films soundtrack and trailer launched on 7 October Adhagappattathu Magajanangalay Adhagappattathu","Kadhal Kan Kattudhe Kadhal Kan Kattudhe (English: Love is Dazzling) is a 2017 Indian Tamil romantic drama film written, co-produced and directed by Shivaraj. Featuring newcomers KG, Athulya and Aneeruth in the lead roles, the film's score and soundtrack is composed by Pavan. The film began production during early 2016 and was released on 17 February 2017. Featuring a cast and crew newcomers, the film was planned by Shivaraj, who is credited in the film as the writer, director, co-producer, editor and cinematographer, while also portraying a supporting role. The team primarily shot the film across Coimbatore, Pollachi and Ooty.","Estocolmo and Rosario are about to get married, and Franco runs for vice president for the conservative party, but their plans are complicated by the return of the agent H. The series was created by Nacho Viale (brother of lead actress Juana Viale) and Diego Palacio, and it was shot in 2015 in the Buenos Aires Province and Villa La Angostura. The scenes in Villa La Angostura were filmed first. Juana Viale was still working at \"Bailando por un Sueño\" at the time, so her dancing partner and coach were taken to the production site as well, so that she could","Kadamban Raja was soon after announced as the film's music composer. For his role in the film, Arya underwent a very rigorous training, he took charge of his lifestyle, underwent a complete makeover and sported a striking muscular physique. The film began shooting in March 2016 in the forests of Kodaikanal and the terrain was rough and challenging. The team realised this shoot was going to be like no other, they took on every challenge the jungle had to throw at them; even as simple as mobile network coverage was hard to find, the team requested local operators to put up","third collaboration between Subhasree and Eskay Movies, after \"Khokababu\" and \"Khoka 420\". This is also Ankush and Subhasree's first Indo-Bangladeshi joint venture film. The film follows Abhijeet, played by Ankush, who is lonely college student who craves friendship. After meeting Bhoomi, played by Subhasree Ganguly, Abhijeet seeks her friendship. The film is an international co-production between India's Eskay Movies and Bangladesh's Action Cut Entertainment. This began a trend of new Indo-Bangladeshi joint ventures in film, many of which were also produced by Eskay Movies. The filming of \"Ami Shudhu Cheyechi Tomay\" began on 26 September 2013. According to the director,","Dhand (film) appointed costume designer, becoming the first female in the Tulu film industry to take on that role. Deepak Paladka was subsequently appointed to market the movie. Filming got under way at Sri Sharavu Maha Ganapati Temple, Mangalore, on 14 January 2015, and took 37 days. On-site editing was performed by Sujith Nayak, and the dialogue editing took a total of 30 days to complete. The romantic \"Nina Teliken,\" sung by Sonu Nigam, was filmed over fours days at various scenic locations in and around Mangalore. The filming sought to encapsulate three aspects of Mother Nature: greenery, water, and drought. Director","a film based on an adaptation of a play about high school called \"Graffiti\" that he had written and directed back in 1999. The lines for the film were written in 2003, with the help of his co-writer, Ranjit Raina. The film is \"based on Delhi's school life\" and will be itself filmed in Delhi, Mumbai and Lucknow. Roshan Abbas Roshan Abbas is an Indian radio jockey, theatre actor, TV anchor, emcee, impresario, event manager, writer, and director. He is an alumnus of La Martiniere College, Lucknow. He is a radio and television game show host and head of an","crime boss Nora Attah (Rakie Ayola). It was filmed on location in Manchester. In the UK, the first episode of \"No Offence\" launched with 2.5 million viewers, Channel 4's biggest midweek drama launch for more than three years. Although subsequent episodes lost overnight viewers, dropping as low as 1.2 million, the weekly consolidated series average remained at 2.5 million and finished 47% up on Channel 4's slot average. In France, the first episode of \"No Offence\" aired on 29 February 2016 on France 2 and was watched by 5.46 million viewers, 20.4% of the TV audience. The next three episodes","Kaathiruppor Pattiyal release on 4 May 2018. The production team decided the film to be a simple and interesting premise set against an intriguing backdrop and the film was filmed and shot in Pondicherry. The production team roped in newcomer Sachin Mani to play male lead role alongside Nandita Swetha in the female lead role. Aruldoss was chosen to play a serious role of a railway inspector in the most parts of the film despite being treated as a comedy drama film. The team also hired well known editor Ruben for editing and roped in M. Sukumar as the cinematographer. The art","Ryan Phillippe the movie took place in South Africa, beginning in March 2009. Phillippe described the filming process as \"really run-and-gun. There were no comforts, and I actually appreciate that.\" He noted that the experience affected him, explaining that \"we were shooting during the day in Soweto, and it was an endless procession of funerals—death is so common. Kids there have no quality of life. It has made me want to get more involved in Africa-based charities.\" An early cut of the film was shown at Cannes Film Festival in May 2009, with the final version shown at Cannes in May 2010.","Kachhua Sanctuary Kachhua Sanctuary is in Varanasi District in Uttar Pradesh, India. There are different species of turtles, Ganges dolphin and other water animals, which can be found here. Location 8 km from Railway Station, spread over the 7 km. stretch of River Ganges from Rajghat to Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India Distances 28 km from Babatpur (Varanasi) Airport, by road- Lucknow- Varanasi via Sultanpur-285 km, Via Pratapgarh 302, via Faizabad 323 km. One can contact the Office of Warden, Turtle Wild Life Sanctuary, Sarnath, Varanasi. Ideal time to visit is throughout the year, Best Season- (Oct.-June). Attractions: Nature & Wildlife.","Thora Jee Le man of her dreams, Qasim Khan as T.C, the serious and envious but very blunt person with the anger that requires just a match stick to light and Ahsan Mohsin Ikram as Azaad, a family oriented man, loving and caring husband to Misha whose support is relentless and loyal. The principle photography began in July 2016 in Karachi and proceeded to Larkana. Some portions of the film were shot later in September 2016. A teaser for the film was released online on 17 November 2016. The film is slated to release all over Pakistan on 20 January 2017. The music","Paayum Puli (2015 film) shot on Vishal, Kajal and others at Karaikudi and its surrounding locations for three days. Days later, a romantic song was shot on Vishal and Kajal at Pollachi and its surrounding locales. Upon its completion, the film's unit filmed a few talkie portions at the East Coast Road in Chennai. The last song of the film was shot near Mahabalipuram for four days commencing from 26 June 2015. Vishal gifted 300 gold coins to the film's unit after the principal photography was wrapped up on 1 July 2015. The shooting was culminated with the traditional pumpkin breaking ritual on 4","and Aleeze Nasser. Waqas Rana would also be serving as the producer and Director of Photography of the film, and he revealed that four foreign actors were also cast in the film. \"Waar 2\" was previously all set to go into production in 2014. The movie was set be shot in international locations including Russia, Yugoslavia, United Kingdom and Turkey. Principal photography on the film began in late-June 2015 in London. In August 2015, filming took place at the K2 base camp. Waar 2 Waar 2 is an upcoming Pakistani action thriller film directed and written by Hassan Rana. It","Veeram (2016 film) Veeram () is a 2016 Indian epic historical drama film written and directed by Jayaraj. It is an adaptation of William Shakespeare's play, \"Macbeth\", and is the fifth installment in Jayaraj's Navarasa series. The film, which also takes inspirations from the Vadakkan Pattukal (Northern Ballads) of North Malabar region in Kerala tells the story of Chandu Chekavar (Kunal Kapoor), an infamous warrior in the 13th century North Malabar. \"Veeram\" is simultaneously made in Malayalam, Hindi, and in English with the same title. Principal photography commenced on 5 January 2016 in Thiruvananthapuram, where it was mostly shot, with","Osthe Katrina Kaif, Bipasha Basu, Deepika Padukone, Mallika Sherawat and Vidya Balan were considered or even approached, with Sherawat eventually being selected. The film was officially launched with a pooja held at the AVM studios in Chennai on 10 May 2011, while filming commenced on 26 June in Mysore. Almost the entire film was shot in and around Mysore in a single schedule, which was completed by mid-August. Silambarasan had hit the gyms to tone up his physique, on the contrary to Salman Khan who had undergone a special diet to shed his six pack abs. The final schedule of the","Server Sundaram (upcoming film) of the film was released on 20 January 2016 coinciding with Santhanam's birthday, while the makers revealed that project would be shot in Chennai, Goa and Dubai. In June 2016, the team shot a song with YouTube dancers Poonam and Priyanka Shah in Australia, alongside the lead actors. Filming ended by late October 2016. The soundtrack of the movie is composed by Santhosh Narayanan. The film's soundtrack consists of five songs, four of which were written by Vivek Velmurugan of \"36 Vayadhinile\" and \"Jil Jung Juk\" fame, while the fifth song \"Kannaal Modhaadhey\" was written by Muthamil of \"Enakkul Oruvan","activities like selling ganja and putting up petty tea shops inside the market. I immediately decided to make a film on them.\" Filming took place in Chennai's Koyambedu market, Alappuzha in Kerala and Murudeshwara temple in Karnataka. The film was shot entirely with Canon EOS 5D, a DSLR camera. Associate Director – Mr. Lenin \"Goli Soda\" opened to critical acclaim. Baradwaj Rangan wrote \"The signature achievement of \"Goli Soda\" is its ruthless unmasking of how hollow most of our masala movies are, and how, with a little imagination, just a little, you can make a film which does not insult","four-year sabbatical. The film began principal photography on 1 November 2017, coinciding with Kerala Piravi. Film's title was announced on 11 June 2018. There was a two-day filming at an oil refinery in Sharjah held in the fourth week of June 2018. The soundtrack consists four songs written by Rafeeque Ahmed and Shruthy Namboothiri( koode title track), two each composed by M. Jayachandran and Raghu Dixit. It was released on 15 June 2018 by the label Muzik 247. The background score was composed by Raghu Dixit. \"Koode\" was initially scheduled to be released on 6 July 2018. It was released","Odiyan She said it was a difficult role to portray. The character has less screen time but is important in the script. Her character has transition from a young girl to an aged woman. Including Sana, many of the artists were prepared through a week long acting workshop. Atul Mongia served as the acting workshop director. Principal photography began on 25 August 2017 in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Mohanlal joined the film three days later. Some scenes were shot at the Assi Ghat with Mohanlal. Underwater action scenes were filmed in the Ganges River. In Varanasi, the film was extensively shot at","Lailaa O Lailaa with Aashirvad Cinemas. Principal photography began at the end of August 2014. The first schedule was in Kochi, Goa and Mysore; the second schedule was in Bangalore; and the final schedule was at Kochi, Bangalore and Bellary. The film was originally scheduled for a 110-day shoot and was completed within a span of 7 months. The film was dubbed and released in Tamil as \"Murugavel\", Telugu as \"Iddaru Iddare\". The film released in theatres across India on 14 May 2015, and was a disaster. Jai Mohan (Mohanlal) leads a double life, he is a special agent of a special task","under the filmmaker's baton in the film \"Anbe Vaa\" (1966).\" The hat worn by Ramachandran onscreen attained popularity, and later became the symbol of the political party All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. \"Anbe Vaa\" attained cult status in Tamil cinema, and was one of the first South Indian films to be shot in Shimla, inspiring many other films to choose Shimla as a shooting location, notably the Telugu film, \"Desamuduru\" (2007). Director Mani Ratnam, film producer M. S. Guhan's daughter Aruna Guhan, choreographer Prabhu Deva, and director Sundar C. all ranked \"Anbe Vaa\" among their favourite films. As of","24 (2016 film) the film, with principal photography commencing in Mumbai in April 2015, continuing in Nasik, Goregaon and Pune. The second phase of filming was done in Poland by end-September 2015. Filming was completed in Chennai by November 2015. Produced by 2D Entertainment, the film has cinematography by S. Tirru. The soundtrack and film score are composed by A. R. Rahman, with lyrics by Vairamuthu and Madhan Karky. The film along with the dubbed Telugu version having the same title was released on 6 May 2016. It is also dubbed in Hindi as \"Time Story\". The film won two awards at the","Varun Tej Varun Tej is an Indian film actor who works in the Telugu film industry. He made his debut as a lead in the film \"Mukunda\", directed by Srikanth Addala opposite Pooja Hegde. His second film \"Kanche,\" also being the first Indian film on WWII, became a sleeper hit and Varun Tej's portrayal of Dhupati Haribabu was critically acclaimed. Varun Tej played the role of protagonist in space thriller film Antariksham 9000 KMPH. Varun Tej is the son of actor Nagendra Babu. He is a nephew of Tollywood actors Chiranjeevi and Pawan Kalyan. His sister Niharika Konidela and his","8 Thottakkal the film to real-life incidents and literature, citing he was interested by the mystery series of Inspector Martin Beck. For the film, he also spent time speaking to the cop who was part of the 2012 Velachery encounters, where five men suspected of robbing banks in the city were shot dead, with Nassar’s character in his story being partly based on this policeman. The production began in August 2016 and ended in November 2016, with the film shot almost entirely in Chennai, over a period of 47 days. Newcomer Vettri was selected to play the lead role of a sub-inspector","28 March 2016, Ennu Ninte Moideen received 55 wins and 63 nominations. Ennu Ninte Moideen Ennu Ninte Moideen (English: \"Yours Truly, Moideen\") is a 2015 Indian Malayalam-language biographical romantic drama film written and directed by R. S. Vimal, based on the real-life story of B. P. Moideen and Kanchanamala, which took place in the 1960s in Mukkam, Kozhikode. Prithviraj Sukumaran and Parvathy essay the title characters of Moideen and Kanchanamala while Bala, Tovino Thomas, Saikumar, Sashi Kumar and Lena appear in supporting roles. Music was composed by M. Jayachandran and Ramesh Narayan, while background score was composed by Gopi Sunder.","like \"Mazha\", \"Makante Achan\", \"Sethurama Iyer CBI\", \"Mahasamudram\", \"Nerariyan CBI\" and \"Yes Your Honour\", and had assisted several well-known directors. The script was written by S. N. Swami, the man behind the \"CBI\" series. Sajeev Shanker was the cinematographer and editing was by B. Murali. The music was composed by music director M. Jayachandran and lyrics were by Gireesh Puthenchery. Mahadevan Thampi is the still photographer of this movie. \"Janakan\" was filmed in Thiruvananthapuram and surrounding areas. The movie was released on 8 April 2010. \"Sify.com\" gave a \"Watchable\" verdict and said \"There are no real experiments here, true, but","Loham order to make it more realistic. Mythili, who was cast by Ranjith in her debut film, acted in and served as an assistant director for the film which was her debut behind the camera. She also sang a duet song in the film's soundtrack. Sreevalsan J. Menon was selected by Ranjith to compose the film's original music score. Renji Panicker suggested Menon to Ranjith during the film's pre-production stage. C. Rajamani composed the film score. Principal photography began on 8 March 2015, at the Calicut International Airport in Kozhikode. M. D. Sasidharan, managing director of Gold Coin Motion Pictures, performed","The Figurine Lagos and Ada, Osun State for three months. The tourist attraction in Osun was shown in the movie by filming at the water falls, hills and the forests. MicCom Golf and Hotel Resort provided free accommodation for the cast and crew while they shot in Osun State, some scenes in the film were shot at the resort as well. The equipment used for the movie were gotten from Jungle Film Works; the only place in Nigeria at the time to get all the equipments needed for big budget movies. Jungle film Works eventually came on board as associate producers for","these three passionate characters, as they go about their business of empowering others. (Source:Filmmaker blog) Lohit Diary Lohit Diary, English: Lohit Diary is a 76 minutes documentary film produced in India, set the Lohit River Valley in East Arunachal Pradesh, North-East India. The film is produced by Films Division of India and is directed by Ramchandra PN. The film, completed in 2015, was shot in and around Tezu, Wakro, Namsai, Chongkham and Yatong areas in Arunachal Pradesh in India. \"The film covers aspects of the threat of opium addiction looming large over the local youth, and social initiatives from the","Rajpur Sonarpur of the Satyajit Ray's debut film \"Pather Panchali\" was done at Boral, then a small village on the outskirts of Kolkata, now a locality of Sonarpur. A decade later, Ray again shot a scene of \"Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne\" in the dense bamboo groves near a local pond. The city also includes the localities of Malancha, Kodalia , Subhashgram, Boral, Nandan, Srirampur, New Garia, Kamalgazi, Chak Garia, Techno City, Panchpota, Model Town, Tentulberia, East Tentulberia, Ramgarh, Briji, Sreenagar, Panchasayar, Balia, Fartabad, Ramchandrapur, Bidyadharpur, Kalikapur, Kheadaha, Gangajoara, Garia, Hadia etc. Before the State Highway–1 (also known as E.M Bypass) project Rajpur","Mastizaade (Tusshar Kapoor) and Aditya Chothia (Vir Das) are two spoilt brats who are sex-addicts, meet the twin sisters and fall in love with each. Deshdrohi and Deshpremi (both played by Shaad Randhawa) are two look-alikes, Deshpremi is physically disabled and Deshdrohi is a womaniser. Lily and Deshpremi are about to get married. The story revolves around the various twists and funny chaos in their lives. Principal photography commenced on 7 September 2014 and was completed by December 2014. It was shot at various locations in Thailand and India. The film was initially slated to release on 1 May 2015, but","all of whom have reportedly been cast in triple roles. The team of \"Humshakals\" shot in Mauritius for the final part of the film starting on 22 February 2014. Two songs and several sequences were shot at the La Plantation Resort & Spa, Le Méridien, Intercontinental Resort, Bagatelle Mall of Mauritius and the Northern Beaches. Mauritian extras also participated in the shooting. After the release and the poor critical response, Saif Ali Khan told the press that \"The film didn't have a script as such, it was all there in Sajid's mind.\" The soundtrack of \"Humshakals\" is composed by Himesh","would have the role of a prime minister of India and that the project was expected to begin filming in late 2014 for a 2015 release. Raajneeti Raajneeti (), is a 2010 Indian political thriller film co-written, directed and produced by Prakash Jha, with a screenplay by Anjum Rajabali and Prakash Jha, and starring Ajay Devgn, Nana Patekar, Ranbir Kapoor, Katrina Kaif, Arjun Rampal, Manoj Bajpayee and Naseeruddin Shah in the lead roles. It was originally produced by Prakash Jha Productions and distributed by UTV Motion Pictures and Walkwater Media. It was shot in Bhopal. The title translates literally as","Velipadinte Pusthakam June 2017. It took 42 days to complete the schedule. The second schedule began in Alappuzha district on 9 July 2017, and was expected to last for two weeks. Some flashback scenes were shot at Cherthala. Nimesh Thanoor was the art director. Some sets were constructed beside Kattoor beach in Alappuzha district; including Viswan's house—which was built in 15 days—a nearby temple, and a workshop. Mohanlal filmed for 10 days in this schedule. The filming was completed on 22 July 2017; the final scenes were filmed at Arthunkal beach. Post-production began the following day, with the commencement of dubbing in","2016 in Pakistan. The film opened to a highly successful box office weekend and went on to run for several weeks, making it one the highest-grossing films of 2016. In Dec 2016 \"Ho Mann Jahaan\" was showcased at the Pakistani Film Festival in New York City. \"Ho Mann Jahaan\" is a coming-of-age urban story set in present-day Karachi. The film revolves around three main characters – Arhan (Sheheryar Munawar), Manizeh (Mahira Khan), and Nadir (Adeel Husain). The story is about their friendship born out of shared experiences, passion for music, and aspiration for fame. Sonya Jehan plays the role of","copy of the film's script for a place in its Margaret Herrick Library. When the Indian Hockey Federation was reorganised in April 2008, former player Aslam Sher Khan said that he wanted \"to create a 'Chak De' effect\" in Indian hockey. The film was screened in New Delhi on 17 August 2016, as part of the week long \"Independence Day Film Festival.\" The festival was jointly presented by the Indian Directorate of Film Festivals and Ministry of Defense, commemorating India's 70th Independence Day. \"Chak De! India\" opens in Delhi during the final minutes of a Hockey World Cup match between","Kankai Kankai is a Hindu's holy place situated in the middle of Gir Forest National Park in Junagadh district of Saurashtra region in the state of Gujarat, India. Located inside Gir forest, Gujarat, India. The Indian mega-epic Mahabharata's famous character Arjuna comes alive here so this place is famous because of him. Once traveling through this forest, Pandavas gets thirsty and Arjuna uses his bow to discover water from the earth. There is a Mahadev temple here called 'Banej'. The main temple is \"Shri Kankeshwari Mataji\" also known as \"Shri Kankai Mataji\". Mataji is principal goddess (કુળદૅવી) to many castes","the other internal organs. The architecture and carvings of the approximately 150 residences dating back to the Ming and Qing Dynasties are said to be among the best of their kind in China. One of the biggest of the residences open to visitors, \"Chenzhi Hall\", also contains a small museum. Together with Xidi, the village became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000. Scenes from the film \"Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon\" were filmed on location in Hongcun. Buses are available from Huangshan Bus Station. There are also buses from Tangkou Bus Station to Hongcun. Tangkou Bus Station is at the","Iximche Iximche () (or Iximché using Spanish orthography) is a Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican archaeological site in the western highlands of Guatemala. Iximche was the capital of the Late Postclassic Kaqchikel Maya kingdom from 1470 until its abandonment in 1524. The architecture of the site included a number of pyramid-temples, palaces and two Mesoamerican ballcourts. Excavators uncovered the poorly preserved remains of painted murals on some of the buildings and ample evidence of human sacrifice. The ruins of Iximche were declared a Guatemalan National Monument in the 1960s. The site has a small museum displaying a number of pieces found there, including","Lukka Chuppi Chinnu Kuruvila was cast in the role of Annie, a fashion designer, spouse to Jayasurya's Raghuram. Saiju Kurup portrayed Xavier, one of the college mate who is now a priest. The filming began in January 2015 in Guruvayoor, Thrissur. The entire film was shot in a single location, a waterside resort. The two-hour story which takes place within an evening-to-night time span was completely filmed inside the resort. For the film, a house set was created on the banks of Chettuva Backwater in Thrissur. The frontage was entirely build of glass. Including the wallpaper and accessories, all designing materials were","Valla Desam shoot in London during late 2012 under the title of \"Aayiram Kanavugal\" and was also developed under its literal English translation \"1000 Dreams\", before undergoing a name change in late 2014 after a period of little progress. In July 2015, actor Silambarasan recorded his voice for a song in the film, which has music composed by his cousin, Muthukumarasamy who is also the son of veteran composer late L. Vaidyanathan. The film's soundtrack album and trailer was released at an event in Chennai in August 2015 by actor Kamal Haasan and director Bharathiraja. Following two years of inactivity, the team","Inthi Ninna Preethiya daughter of actor and makeup artist Ramakrishna, was signed on to play the lover role in her debut. Pawan Kumar who later turned director, was also cast to play the antagonist role. The filming took place majorly at Bangalore and few scenes were shot in Kasargod district of Kerala state. Sadhu Kokila scored the film's background music and composed its soundtrack, lyrics for which was penned by Jayanth Kaikini, Yogaraj Bhat and Ranganath. The soundtrack album consists of eight tracks. It was released in Bangalore. Ashwini Music of Ashwini Media distributed the audio into the market. The reviewer for \"Indiaglitz.com\"","Sabine Sidawi and Jinane Dagher from Orjouane Productions. The film was financially supported by three Lebanese investors and Damas Jewelry acted as the sponsor and made a unique ring design to be used in the film. The shooting began in December 2015 and the film was shot entirely in Lebanon. The film was screened in the Cannes Film Festival. The film had a world premier in Dubai International Film Festival in 2016 with Sophie Boutros becoming the most highly anticipated Arab director. It released in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, UAE, Kuwait and Palestine in 2017. Mahbas held the second spot, after","Khaddama of a housemaid in Saudi Arabia. It is scripted by K. Girishkumar and Kamal and the story is based on a feature by K. U. Iqbal, published in \"Bhashaposhini\", depicting the real–life incidents of a Kerala–born housemaid in Arabia. Principal photography for the film began in October 2010 and took place mainly in the Middle East. After a special screening in the last week of January, the film made its theatrical debut in Kerala on 4 February 2011. The film's release was banned across the Middle East. The film was well received by film critics, with most of them applauding","Pradesh, and tells the story of a corrupt but fearless police officer, Chulbul Pandey, and his troubled relationship with his stepfather and half-brother. Made with a budget of 300 million and marketed at 120 million, \"Dabangg\" was shot primarily in the town of Wai in Maharashtra, while other major scenes were shot in the United Arab Emirates. \"Dabangg\" was released during Eid on 10 September 2010 in nearly 2100 cinemas worldwide. It opened to generally positive reviews, and went on to gross 2.15 billion worldwide. It is the highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2010 and one among the highest grossing Bollywood","Nature, Occasional Paper 5): 5-24. Kyoto: Research Institute for Humanity and Nature. Kanmer Kanmer, locally known as Bakar Kot, is an archaeological site belonging to Indus Valley Civilization, located in Rapar Taluk, Kutch District, Gujarat, India. Indo-Japanese joint excavation at Kanmer was undertaken during 2006 by Institute of Rajasthan Studies, RIHN,JRN Rajasthan Vidyapeeth, Archeology Department, Gujarat and Japanese team. The site was strongly fortified despite being small, perhaps because it may have been located on trade route between Sindh and Saurashtra. Rich ceramic assemblage, representing the Mature Harappan culture was found at this site. Three clay seals with central holes,","Ni Noma (film) her past is about to catch up to her and change her life forever. Ni Noma was shot in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, and was produced by Proin Promotions Tanzania Ltd. Principal photography was released in 2015 during the shooting. The film produced by actress Elizabeth Michael and it is her third film to put effort as a producer. The movie was teased on social networks. In July before the release of the movie,Elizabeth Michael (Lulu) the producer of the movie made a media tour so as to promote the movie ,She did a tour at Bongo5.com one of the","released shortly after. The film's first schedule was completed in July 2016, with Suhasini and K. Viswanath also joining the film's cast. The film was then shot in Dharamsala, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kerala, Mumbai, Switzerland, and Italy. In August 2017, the Tamil title was changed from \"Kadhalin Ponveedhiyil\" to \"Sollividava\". The Kannada title of \"Prema Baraha\" is derived from Arjun Sarja's song \"Prema Baraha Koti Taraha\" from the film \"Prathap\" (1990). Jassie Gift has composed the score and songs for the film, with Divo releasing the soundtrack in Kannada and U1 Records in Tamil. The heroine introduction theme included in the","Kandaen released in Telugu as \"Balapam Patti Bhama Odilo\" in 2016. Vasanth (Shanthnoo Bhagyaraj) is an engineer who comes from Chennai. He falls in love with Narmada (Rashmi Gautam) at first sight. He acts blind, and she eventually falls for him. They date, and Narmadha's father (Ashish Vidyarthi), a police commissioner, gets to know abets. He manages to tell Narmada the truth, and she comes to know about Vasanth's blindness. They reconcile, and as the movie comes to an end, Vasanth has a successful operation, and they return to India happily to get married. The satellite rights of the film were","sensitive role to play as she goes to different phases in the film.\" According to Basu, after Kapoor, Chopra and D'cruz's character Saurabh Shukla's character as Inspector Dutta was the most important. Basu described the role as \"amazing\" character, who makes others cry when he laughs. Principal photography commenced in March 2011. \"Barfi!\" was shot between June 2011 and February 2012, mostly in Darjeeling. In March 2011, Basu visited Kolkata to finalize the locations within the city. Filming in Mumbai began on 20 March 2011 and continued until May 2011. In June 2011, the cast and crew shot in Darjeeling.","Pulimurugan am lucky.\" Because filming with wild animals is not allowed in India, the crew travelled abroad to film the scenes involving a tiger. The tiger scenes were filmed during January 2016 at locations in Bangkok, Thailand. The tiger was trained by Bangkok-based trainers under the supervision of Hein. The initial plan was to use graphics but the team later decided to use a real tiger. They first went to South Africa to shoot the tiger scenes but the results were not suitable. After trying to find locations in Vietnam, the tiger scenes were eventually filmed in one month in Thailand.","7 Din Mohabbat In having rehearsals throughout July, the principal photography began on 1 August 2017 in Karachi, while the last spell was shot in November 2017. Rana Kamran has served as the cinematographer. Film music has been composed by Arshad Mehmood, Shuja Haider and Shani Arshad. Wahab Shah joined the crew as choreographer. According to the box-office report, \"Saat Din Mohabbat In\" has managed to make Rs. 5.3 crores in Pakistani theaters on the Eid weekend. The film collected 8.05 crores in its 1st week including the next Friday.The film also collected 1.6 crores overseas in its first week. It collected 1.75 crores","Kanal (2015 film) seconds shows Mohanlal in the backdrop of Middle East city Doha which was shown with the tagline – 'Every end has an old beginning'. The music was released by Muzik 247 on 17 September 2015 in an event organised at Hotel Travancore Court, Kochi at 7 pm. The soundtrack album was composed by Ouseppachan and Vinu Thomas (\"Oru Venal Kaataai\"), with lyrics written by Dr. Madhu Vasudevan and Prakash Maraar. It featured five songs, four of them were composed by Ouseppachan and one by Vinu Thomas. Directors Joshiy, Kamal and Thampi Kannamthanam were special guests at the function. At the","Juze (film) Juze or Juje is an Indian film in Konkani, written and directed by Miransha Naik. The film is about the social injustice and exploitation faced by migrant labourers in Goa, and is set in the 1990s. It was co-produced by people from India, France and Netherlands (Thin Air, Three Rivers, Kepler Films, Cine-Sud Promotion) under the banner of Goa Film Bazaar, with some of the editing done in Paris. The film premiered at the Hong Kong International Film Festival in April 2017, and was also chosen for the Karlovy Vary Film Festival. It became the first Konkani film","whatever was deemed necessary (including a Jimmy Jib, a specific kind of camera crane, just for a single crane shot). The film was shot on location in and around Mumbai, with Goa as a backdrop for the \"Aane Charaane\" song. Only two characters—those of Munna Bhai (portrayed by Sanjay Dutt) and Circuit (portrayed by Arshad Warsi)—were retained from \"Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.\" Several actors from \"Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.\", appeared in \"Lage Raho Munna Bhai\" as different characters. Vidya Balan was chosen to play the leading lady Jahnavi as her voice was thought to be appropriate for that of a radio jockey.","Punjab Nahi Jaungi role which she refused to do. Talking about this, Saeed asserted, \"We did approach Sohai for Urwa's role but she wasn't comfortable doing it. Maybe she expected a bigger role and this just wasn't delivering it.\" The filming took place in the city of Bahawalpur, where architectural masterpieces like Darbar Mahal and Gulzar Mahal were used in some of the scenes. Most of the filming took place in the cities of Faisalabad, Lahore and Karachi. The film's trailer was released online on 6 July 2017. Within 48 hours, it had over 1 million views and trended at number 1 on","was held in Kochi on July 2010. \"Ithu Nammude Katha\" began its filming on August 2010 in Kavalam near Changanassery. In addition to Kavalam, the locations for the film include Kuttanadu, Pollachi and Gundalpettu. The film features an ensemble cast consisting of many new faces. According to the director, they are planning to include all the new faces of Malayalam cinema, perhaps in cameo roles or as part of a song sequence. The lead male roles have been played by Asif Ali, Nishan and Abhishek, who previously teamed up in \"Apoorvaragam\" and the former two also in \"Ritu\". There are","Kanda, Uttarakhand Kanda is a small historic, scenic town and tehsil in Bageshwar district, in the state of Uttarakhand, India. Kanda was ruled by the Katyuri Kings from the 7th to the 13th century. Upon the disintegration of the Katyuris in 13th century, Kanda came under the rule of Mankoti kings of Gangoli. In the 16th century, the Chand king, Balo Kalyan Chand, invaded Mankot, the seat of Mankoti kings, and annexed Gangoli to his kingdom, the Kumaon Kingdom. Kanda is located east of the district headquarters, the city of Bageshwar, and to the northwest of the city of Pithoragarh.","Kanal (2015 film) global recession in United Arab Emirates. The story revolves around a thriller –- revenge plot that has resulted from the recession. The story explores the basic nature of cruelty and love in human nature through the lives of four individuals: John David (Mohanlal), Anantharaman (Anoop Menon), Raghuchandran (Pratap Pothan) and Kuruvila Mathew (Atul Kulkarni). The film was officially announced at the end of January 2015, which was said to be a revenge-thriller genre story revolving around two individuals with revengeful mind. Mohanlal, Padmakumar and Suresh Babu were collaborating for the second time after \"Shikkar\" (2010) which was also a revenge-thriller.","Velaiilla Pattadhari he gets a job, whilst successfully overcoming various obstacles before and after finding employment. Principal photography commenced in August 2013 and was completed by May 2014, with the film being shot primarily in Chennai. The film was released on 18 July 2014, and received positive critical reception. The film grossed 190.8 million on its opening weekend and earned a worldwide collection 530 million during its lifetime run. The film was dubbed into Telugu as \"Raghuvaran B.Tech\", which was released on 1 January 2015. It was remade in Kannada as \"Brihaspathi\" (2018). A sequel to the film directed by Soundarya Rajinikanth","was shot with a two-member crew with Vinod behind the camera assisted by the sound recordist. Apart from the four cast members of Karma series, the rest of the cast were non-professionals or have never acted before. Karma Cartel was shot mostly in Fort Cochin, and in parts of Ernakulam. The film was shot following Dogme 95 Manifesto rules 1,3,4,5,6 and 7. There were a lot of random location shifts due to the interference of the festivities of Kochi-Muziris Biennale and the New Year celebrations at Fort Cochin. Inspired by methods used by Anthony Dod Mantle on Festen, Vinod filmed","1545 gave the medieval Castle of Binche to his sister, Queen Mary of Hungary. She lavished attention on Binche, which she had rebuilt under the direction of an architect-sculptor Jacques du Broeucq, remembered today as the first master of Giambologna. The château, intended to rival Fontainebleau, was destroyed by the soldiers of Henry II of France in 1554. In 2003, the Carnival of Binche was proclaimed one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. Binche Binche (; ) is a Walloon city and municipality located in the Belgian province of Hainaut. Reference- Casey is","Ek Ajnabee cultural films. These films don't necessarily have to be like Monsoon Wedding or Bend It Like Beckham. This is not another Hindi film. This is not a remake of \"Man on Fire\". If you see the way it is shot, edited and directed, it is setting new standards. Mr Bachchan is reinventing himself. So please don't turn this film into another Bollywood film.\" The film was shot on location in Bangkok, Thailand, for 35 days. Lakhia said that he and Bunty Walia, a producer, chose Bangkok because \"we wanted our characters to stand out. When they are walking on the","Chander Pahar (franchise) Project\". The film has reportedly incorporated CGI and visual effects at par with Hollywood and Bollywood standards. Dev plays the role of the main protagonist, Shankar. Most of the other cast members are from South Africa. According to the crew members, it took a considerable time to decide who would play the role of Diego Alvarez, and South African actor Gérard Rudolf was selected. The first theatrical trailer of the film was released by Shree Venkatesh Films, at the Kolkata Nicco park on 14 November 2013. Shooting locations include Kruger National Park, the mountains of Drakensberg, and the deserts of","Regmi is the most veteran actor in this movie. He has played a lot of movies in the past and is also a production Manager by profession. Arun plays Baaje, a grandpa who lives in the village of Zhigrana with his grandson in the past. His character is also an exorcist who makes sacrifices for spirits to go away. Production began October 2013. The cast and crew went to shoot for 32 working days. The movie was shot in Rupa Lake close to Pokhara, the highway to Pokhara and Kathmandu. The set of village Zhigrana built in Rupa lake was","Golmaal Again film franchise. The film marks Devgn's tenth film collaboration with Rohit Shetty. The production of the film began in July 2016 and principal photography commenced in March 2017 in Mumbai. The film released on 20 October 2017. The film broke several records upon its release. With a box office gross of over 3.11 billion, it was the fifth highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2017 and one of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time. It received mixed to positive reviews from critics. The story starts with Anna Matthew (Tabu) (Ena in pronunciation) explaining that she can see ghosts and spiritual spirits","not agree as he had other films lined up, while he called his character, John Christopher, \"[not] entirely evil\". Over the next months, the film saw several changes in its principal cast and crew. Initially reported to be produced by Dr. L. Sivabalan under his Zero Rules Entertainment banner, the project was later known to be funded by G. Dillibabu's Axess Film Factory. The film was shot across several South Indian states in locations including Chennai, Thekkady, Idukki, Ernakulam, Puducherry. The film also used Motion capture technology in few of its segments. The soundtrack of \"Urumeen\" was composed by Achu","Peruchazhi news of us shooting in the U. S. got lesser prominence in the media than the shooting in Kerala, which was there for three or four days. There are certain things that we thought would be better if we shot it here [Kollam]. What matters in the end is the content on screen.\" The cast and crew travelled to the United States on 12 May 2014, on a schedule which was expected to wrap on 16 June 2016. Filming took place for around 35 days in America. Most of the crew members were from the U. S. and worked six","Chaar Kadam hall and cobbled streets of Europe. Hence, the crew travelled 3,500 kilometres to search for it before finalising Bruges in Belgium. Prior to that, the crew looked for other major European cities like Paris, Venice and Prague. Shooting of the song was completed within two to three days. The whole song was shot in the Belgian city of Bruges. It was the first Hindi song to be shot in this city. Talking about the location of the song, Hirani stated, \"I was spellbound by the picturesque architecture, landscapes, the strong historical background and clean refreshing environs. I decided that this","Varma (film) film editor, after having earlier worked for Bala's \"Naachiyaar\". \"Varma\" marks the acting debut of actor Vikram's son Dhruv Vikram. It is also the debut for Megha, who plays the female lead. Akash Premkumar was chosen to play the lead character's best friend Ashok. Principal photography began in early March 2018 at Kathmandu, Nepal, and a week later, after completing the first schedule there, the crew shifted to Chennai for the second schedule. Shooting was briefly stalled due to a strike of the Tamil Film Producers Council, but resumed in April after the strike ended. For the final schedule, the","Ilai Lakshmiyum Pinne Njaanum\" (1999) and \"Su.. Su... Sudhi Vathmeekam\" (2015). Along with Swathy, Malayalam actress Sreedevi Anil and Kannada actor King Mohan were also selected to star in the film. The film was set in the remote villages of Tamil Nadu in the early 1991, talking about the importance of education for young girls. The director, Bineesh Raj, also doubled up as the film's VFX artist. The film opened on 21 April 2017 across Tamil Nadu alongside Marx's \"Nagarvalam\". The Times of India wrote \"coupled with the characterisation and lines, it gives the film the feel of a Natural Life","meets the widowed Janaki and her daughter who have come to India to meet him. They fulfill their dream to fly together in Venkidi's old aircraft he made years ago in his village. \"Vimaanam\" is a high budget film involving high VFX works for the flying scenes. The film will have two time periods with Prithviraj appearing in two different looks. Reportedly, he will be reducing weight for the role and will also be taking flying courses. Principal photography commenced on 9 February 2017 in Kochi, Kerala. The main filming locations was Bhatkal and Mangalore, and was also shot in","Adhe Kangal (2017 film) Janani Iyer and Sshivada selected to portray the leading roles. Kalaiyarasan was revealed to be portraying a blind chef, with the team using American chef Christine Hà as a character inspiration for his role. The film was shot in Kanyakumari, Erode, and Chennai throughout the middle of 2016. After the film's production was completed, C. V. Kumar revealed that the film would be titled as \"Adhe Kangal\" named after the 1967 film of the same name during September 2016. The film's soundtrack is scored by Ghibran. The album was released on 17 January 2017 by Think Music India. The film","Baar Baar Dekho feature in the film, opposite Malhotra. The film was initially titled \"Kal Jisne Dekha\". Principal photography began on August 28, 2015, in Glasgow, Scotland, and went for over a month. Filming then continued in Delhi and Mumbai from November 2015 onwards. On February 22, 2016, the team filmed \"Sau Aasmaan\" in Krabi, Thailand, for a week. According to \"Box Office India\", the film had a total budget of 530 million. However, \"The Indian Express\" stated that budget was around 350 million excluding the cost of printing & marketing which are generally not considered part of the budget. The music is","Yaakkai Prakash Raj as a police officer and Swathi Reddy as the heroine. The film was later put on hold until the completion of the lead pair's other ongoing project, \"Yatchan\" (2015). The film then progressed throughout 2016, with Guru Somasundaram joining the cast to portray an antagonist in the film. Shoots were predominantly held in college campuses across Chennai, while scenes were also shot in Coimbatore, Ooty and Kothagiri. The film entered its post-production stages in July 2016, with Kreshna dubbing for his portions in a single day. Two songs from the film were released as promotional singles, prior to","Kaanchi: The Unbreakable The trailer was released on 6 March 2014 on YouTube, which received positive reviews. Besides deploying their own marketing team, Mukta Arts partnered with web channel Trendspotters.tv for web and social-media promotion. Commenting on the film, Subash Ghai said, \"Kaanchi to me is a project that is larger than life itself, the film, though commercial, is an inspirational story for the young women of today. Filming occurred in locations around Mumbai and Nainital. Late last year when asked about its delay, director Subhash Ghai said he was in no hurry to release the film. He said \"A few portions of","past to shoot documentaries in Kolkata, said that unlike majority of Indian films, \"Kahaani\" was shot mostly without artificial light. The film was shot in 64 days, during which the Durga Puja festival of 2010 took place. Shooting locations in Kolkata included Kalighat Metro station, Nonapukur tram depot, Kumartuli, Howrah Bridge, Victoria Memorial, old houses of North Kolkata and others. The climax, which takes place on the night of Vijayadashami (the last day of Durga Puja), was shot on the night of Vijayadashami in the premises of a \"Barowari\" (publicly organised) Durga Puja celebration in the Ballygunge neighbourhood of Kolkata.","Valiya Chirakulla Pakshikal who were the actual victims of the pesticide appeared in the film at this time. The second shoot was completed in the spring at Kasaragod, in September 2014. During the shooting, people continued to strike, demanding justice from the Government for the endosulfan victims. Protests were also recreated with major participation from the areas' mothers and children. The third shoot was completed in Ottawa, Canada, during the winter in December 2014. CanEast films (Biju George and Satheesh Gopalan) in Ottawa, Canada, coordinated the Canadian part of shoot. The Ottawa Film Office, extended support for the production crew. Nearly 100 local","Badmaash Company overwhelming high rate, hence recovering his Uncle Jazz' loss. Karan, Zing, Chandu and Bulbul are now partners with Jazz in \"Friends and Company\", but it is turned into a public limited company. With his wife, son, friends and having made his father proud, Karan is finally content with his life. Parmeet Sethi wrote the script for the film with dialogues in only six days. The four main characters are all based on real-life people. Parmeet reveals that he got tired of television and was keen on pursuing film direction. Filming locations for the film included New York, Atlantic City, Philadelphia,","Khamoshiyan music, state-of-art digital effects and a love story that brings back the intrigue of Mahal, it will repackage and raise the bar for the horror genre in Bollywood\". Bhatt further added that the film has the potential of becoming a franchise. Ankit Tiwari was hired to compose the film's music. The shoot of the film's first schedule began on 5 June 2014 and ended in August 2014. Shooting for the film's second schedule took place in Kashmir in September 2014 for 15 days. Due to a high flood in Kashmir, the producers had to shift the shoot to South Africa,","Gunday 2013 in Mumbai, where the streets of Howrah were recreated on the outskirts of the city. The filming moved to Kolkata in mid-February, where the major portion of the film was filmed on-location. One of the early filmed scenes included a dramatic Durga Puja sequence under the Howrah Bridge with a crowd of 1000 people, for which a huge pandal was created. For building the pandal, a very old native professional was hired to give it an authentic 1980s look. The opening song \"Jash-e-Ishqa\" was filmed at the Howrah Bridge; several scenes were also filmed at the Jagannath Ghat and","Burra wrote the film's dialogue. Principal photography commenced on 27 February 2015 in Hyderabad. \"Kanche\" was filmed in Tatipaka, Draksharamam, Kapotavaram, and in Peruru Agraharam near Palakollu. Major sets were erected in Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad. The war sequences were filmed in Georgia and the film's unit was allotted 700 guns, four tanks, and a machine gun from the Georgia Military Institute a military training school. Principal photography was wrapped up on 6 July 2015. \"Kanche\" was filmed in 55 working days, 35 of which were in Georgia. Promoted as Telugu cinema's first World War II-based film, \"Kanche\" was released"],"string":"[\n \"27 Down seeing life differently, but when his father finds about their relationship, he fixes his marriage with some other girl. The film was shot on location on Mumbai trains, platforms, and at Mumbai's Victoria Terminus station, the cinematographer of the film, Apurba Kishore Bir was 22 years old when he got the project, he shot 70 percent of the film using a hand-held camera, inspired by \\\"The Battle of Algiers\\\", a 1966 war film with an aim to put the camera right in the conflict, he shot with wide lenses rather than zooms. Bir chose to shoot the film in black\",\n \"Makaramanju he chose a point in the story that was filled with drama and emotion. I was stuck by the sensitivity and acumen of the man who used his brush to depict those moments. That is why I felt I could understand him better if I concentrated on a work and then narrate the story of the artist's creative process,\\\" says the director. The principal production began in October 2009. The film's set has been put up in an old bungalow known as Church bungalow on the compound of a Lutheran church, near Pallichal in Thiruvananthapuram district. The film was also\",\n \"Mudéjar styles, with antique decor and numerous manuscripts. The Casa de Pilatos is considered one of the finest examples of Andalusian architecture of 16th-century Seville. The house is open to the public year-round. Several films have been shot in the Casa de Pilatos, including four Hollywood blockbusters: \\\"Lawrence of Arabia\\\" in 1962, and Ridley Scott's \\\"\\\" in 1992, and \\\"Kingdom of Heaven\\\" in 2005. At the end of 2009, Tom Cruise filmed the movie \\\"Knight and Day\\\" with Cameron Diaz at the palace. Casa de Pilatos La Casa de Pilatos (Pilate's House) is an Andalusian palace in Seville, Spain, which\",\n \"Parava (film) landing on Ichappi's hand. After assisting several directors, Shahir started co-writing a script with friend Muneer Ali, who wrote the script for the segment \\\"Sethulakshmi\\\" in \\\"5 Sundarikal\\\" in late 2015. In early 2016, Anwar Rasheed announced that he would produce Shahir's directorial debut. A casting call announcement was made on 23 April 2016 throughout social media seeking male and female actors between age 13 and 26. Filming began in Qissa Cafe in Fort Kochi on 1 June 2016. The original soundtrack and background score were composed by Rex Vijayan, with lyrics by Vinayak Sasikumar. Deepa Soman of \\\"Times of\",\n \"where a replica of Lucknow Central Jail had been created for the shooting of the film. Apart from Mumbai, the shooting of \\\"Lucknow Central\\\" was also done in Lucknow and Varanasi. The official trailer was launched on 26 July 2017. The film hit the theaters on 15 September 2017. The music is composed by Arjunna Harjaie, Sukhwinder Singh, Mychael Danna, Rochak Kohli and Tanishk Bagchi while the lyrics have been penned by Kumaar, Sukhwinder Singh, Mychael Danna and Adheesh Verma. Its first song \\\"Kaavaan Kaavaan\\\" which is sung by Divya Kumar was released on 3 August 2017. The second song\",\n \"Note (film) to Bako National Park to resolve their relationship but met few unexpected consequences which aggravated the situation between the couple. The Japanese origin film director made his Malay film debut through this venture and incurred about 1.8 million Malaysian Ringgit as the cost of production. The making of the film was filmed and shot in Sarawak in April 2013 and in Kuala Lumpur in May 2013. The production of the film ended up within 26 days but underwent delays due to other unknown reasons before its original release on 13 August 2015. The film had its theatrical release in Malaysia\",\n \"of Overseas Filipino Workers, particularly on their experiences of entering into romantic relationships during their stay outside the Philippines. Spring Films, an independent film production outfit founded by actor Piolo Pascual and director Joyce Bernal, made \\\"Kita Kita\\\" with a budget of ₱10 million (approximately US$211,000). It was co-produced by Viva Films. Boy Yñiguez was the cinematographer of \\\"Kita Kita\\\". Principal photography was done in Hokkaido, Japan. Among the shooting locations in Sapporo are Odori Park, the Sapporo TV Tower, Susukino, the Sapporo Clock Tower, the Historical Village of Hokkaido, Fushimi Inari Shrine, Mount Moiwa, and Moerenuma Park. In Otaru,\",\n \"relationship. It is also said that the divorse is approved and their daughter is living with each parents separately each month. Music was composed by Bijibal, lyrics were written by Santhosh Varma. Ramante Edanthottam Ramante Edanthottam () is a 2017 Indian Malayalam-language romantic drama film written, produced and directed by Ranjith Sankar. The film stars Kunchacko Boban in the title role. Filming began in February 2017 in Kochi and Vagamon. It was released in India on 12 May 2017. The movie starts with Malini taking a video message of herself to sent Raman while driving telling that she is coming\",\n \"Ivide Krish marries Roshni and they move back to India to work for the Indian branch of their company to be closer to family. The movie was released on 29 May 2015. The film opened to a mixed response from critics. The \\\"International Business Times\\\" rated the film 3.5 on a scale of 5, calling it a \\\"decent film\\\". Veeyen of NowRunning rated the movie 3 out of 5, calling it \\\"a demanding film that dexterously holds a mirror up to contemporary life in the United States of America\\\". Bollywood Chats praised the photography and the performance of some of the\",\n \"Our Brand Is Crisis (2015 film) Dowd joined the film. On October 10, Joaquim de Almeida and Zoe Kazan joined the cast, with Almeida playing Castillo, the former president of Bolivia, and Kazan playing a young woman who finds dirt on political candidates. On October 13, 2014, Participant Media announced that they would co-finance the film with Warner, while Jeffrey Skoll and Jonathan King would executive produce, along with Bullock and Stuart M. Besser. More casting was also announced, which included Reynaldo Pacheco, Dominic Flores, Louis Arcella, and Octavio Gómez. Principal photography on the film began on September 29, 2014 in New Orleans, Louisiana, using 35mm\",\n \"production did not take place. Annaud, whose 1997 film \\\"Seven Years in Tibet\\\" is banned in China, was hired despite the history. The film was produced by China Film Group and French-based Reperage. The French director, who had worked with animals on other films, acquired a dozen wolf pups in China and had them trained for several years by a Canadian animal trainer. With a production budget of , Annaud filmed \\\"Wolf Totem\\\" in Inner Mongolia, where the book is set, for over a year. The film premiered at the European Film Market on , 2015. It was scheduled to\",\n \"Pankaj Butalia in Kashmir after more than two decades of violence. The film was initially denied certification by the CBFC. In May 2015 the Delhi High Court allowed its release without any cuts. Another film recently concluded is \\\"A Landscape of Neglect\\\" (originally titled \\\"Assamblog\\\") shot extensively in remote parts of Assam over a period of three years. Together with \\\"Manipur Song\\\" and \\\"The Textures of Loss\\\", it forms the third part of a trilogy dealing with conflict in India. These were followed by \\\"Yeh kahaan aa gaye hum\\\", a film on Urdu poet and lyricist Nida Fazli, and \\\"In Search of\",\n \"Bastille Day (film) enforcement, meets with Gamieux on the pretense of trading the flash drive for a passport and a ride out of the country, leading to the latter's arrest. The charges against Mason are dropped, and he is offered a job with the CIA. On 11 November 2013, Idris Elba joined the cast of the film. On 2 October 2014, Richard Madden joined the cast. On 18 May 2014, Focus Features acquired the rights to distribute the film in North America. Principal photography began on 13 October 2014 in Paris, and ended on 17 December 2014. The film was scheduled to be\",\n \"Pattam Pole His story and idea found many takers and veteran producer Carlton Karunakaran readily agreed to produce the film. But Alagappan wanted to finish all his projects for other filmmakers before he donned the director's cap. In the meantime, he tightened his script and penned the dialogues in Tamil while Gireesh Kumar who wrote the scripts took care of the parts in Malayalam. The film commenced its production in June 2013 in Kumbakonam in Tamil Nadu. The major location was Alappuzha in Kerala where the film is mostly set. The film received negative reviews from critics. Paresh C Palicha of Rediff.com\",\n \"Fitoor Fitoor (English: \\\"Passion\\\", \\\"Obsession\\\") is a 2016 Indian romantic drama film directed by Abhishek Kapoor, produced by Siddharth Roy Kapur, and written by Kapoor and Supratik Sen based on Charles Dickens' novel \\\"Great Expectations\\\". The film features Tabu, Katrina Kaif, and Aditya Roy Kapur in leading roles. It received mixed reviews and was unsuccessful at the box office. Tabu and Aditi Rao Hydari received critical acclaim for their performances. Filming began in Kashmir in November 2014. The film was released on 12 February 2016. Noor (Mohammad Abrar Sheikh), a thirteen-year-old Kashmiri boy from a poor family, meets and becomes\",\n \"female role and scenes were subsequently shot in and around Chennai during the middle of 2015. D. Imman was signed on to compose the film's music, while an ensemble cast of Karunakaran, Pandiarajan and Aadukalam Naren were added to play supporting roles. By August 2015, the film was revealed to be close to completion and awaiting a release date. D. Imman has scored the original score and soundtrack for the film. Sony Music has acquired the audio rights. There are seven tracks in the album including two instrumentals. The films soundtrack and trailer launched on 7 October Adhagappattathu Magajanangalay Adhagappattathu\",\n \"Kadhal Kan Kattudhe Kadhal Kan Kattudhe (English: Love is Dazzling) is a 2017 Indian Tamil romantic drama film written, co-produced and directed by Shivaraj. Featuring newcomers KG, Athulya and Aneeruth in the lead roles, the film's score and soundtrack is composed by Pavan. The film began production during early 2016 and was released on 17 February 2017. Featuring a cast and crew newcomers, the film was planned by Shivaraj, who is credited in the film as the writer, director, co-producer, editor and cinematographer, while also portraying a supporting role. The team primarily shot the film across Coimbatore, Pollachi and Ooty.\",\n \"Estocolmo and Rosario are about to get married, and Franco runs for vice president for the conservative party, but their plans are complicated by the return of the agent H. The series was created by Nacho Viale (brother of lead actress Juana Viale) and Diego Palacio, and it was shot in 2015 in the Buenos Aires Province and Villa La Angostura. The scenes in Villa La Angostura were filmed first. Juana Viale was still working at \\\"Bailando por un Sueño\\\" at the time, so her dancing partner and coach were taken to the production site as well, so that she could\",\n \"Kadamban Raja was soon after announced as the film's music composer. For his role in the film, Arya underwent a very rigorous training, he took charge of his lifestyle, underwent a complete makeover and sported a striking muscular physique. The film began shooting in March 2016 in the forests of Kodaikanal and the terrain was rough and challenging. The team realised this shoot was going to be like no other, they took on every challenge the jungle had to throw at them; even as simple as mobile network coverage was hard to find, the team requested local operators to put up\",\n \"third collaboration between Subhasree and Eskay Movies, after \\\"Khokababu\\\" and \\\"Khoka 420\\\". This is also Ankush and Subhasree's first Indo-Bangladeshi joint venture film. The film follows Abhijeet, played by Ankush, who is lonely college student who craves friendship. After meeting Bhoomi, played by Subhasree Ganguly, Abhijeet seeks her friendship. The film is an international co-production between India's Eskay Movies and Bangladesh's Action Cut Entertainment. This began a trend of new Indo-Bangladeshi joint ventures in film, many of which were also produced by Eskay Movies. The filming of \\\"Ami Shudhu Cheyechi Tomay\\\" began on 26 September 2013. According to the director,\",\n \"Dhand (film) appointed costume designer, becoming the first female in the Tulu film industry to take on that role. Deepak Paladka was subsequently appointed to market the movie. Filming got under way at Sri Sharavu Maha Ganapati Temple, Mangalore, on 14 January 2015, and took 37 days. On-site editing was performed by Sujith Nayak, and the dialogue editing took a total of 30 days to complete. The romantic \\\"Nina Teliken,\\\" sung by Sonu Nigam, was filmed over fours days at various scenic locations in and around Mangalore. The filming sought to encapsulate three aspects of Mother Nature: greenery, water, and drought. Director\",\n \"a film based on an adaptation of a play about high school called \\\"Graffiti\\\" that he had written and directed back in 1999. The lines for the film were written in 2003, with the help of his co-writer, Ranjit Raina. The film is \\\"based on Delhi's school life\\\" and will be itself filmed in Delhi, Mumbai and Lucknow. Roshan Abbas Roshan Abbas is an Indian radio jockey, theatre actor, TV anchor, emcee, impresario, event manager, writer, and director. He is an alumnus of La Martiniere College, Lucknow. He is a radio and television game show host and head of an\",\n \"crime boss Nora Attah (Rakie Ayola). It was filmed on location in Manchester. In the UK, the first episode of \\\"No Offence\\\" launched with 2.5 million viewers, Channel 4's biggest midweek drama launch for more than three years. Although subsequent episodes lost overnight viewers, dropping as low as 1.2 million, the weekly consolidated series average remained at 2.5 million and finished 47% up on Channel 4's slot average. In France, the first episode of \\\"No Offence\\\" aired on 29 February 2016 on France 2 and was watched by 5.46 million viewers, 20.4% of the TV audience. The next three episodes\",\n \"Kaathiruppor Pattiyal release on 4 May 2018. The production team decided the film to be a simple and interesting premise set against an intriguing backdrop and the film was filmed and shot in Pondicherry. The production team roped in newcomer Sachin Mani to play male lead role alongside Nandita Swetha in the female lead role. Aruldoss was chosen to play a serious role of a railway inspector in the most parts of the film despite being treated as a comedy drama film. The team also hired well known editor Ruben for editing and roped in M. Sukumar as the cinematographer. The art\",\n \"Ryan Phillippe the movie took place in South Africa, beginning in March 2009. Phillippe described the filming process as \\\"really run-and-gun. There were no comforts, and I actually appreciate that.\\\" He noted that the experience affected him, explaining that \\\"we were shooting during the day in Soweto, and it was an endless procession of funerals—death is so common. Kids there have no quality of life. It has made me want to get more involved in Africa-based charities.\\\" An early cut of the film was shown at Cannes Film Festival in May 2009, with the final version shown at Cannes in May 2010.\",\n \"Kachhua Sanctuary Kachhua Sanctuary is in Varanasi District in Uttar Pradesh, India. There are different species of turtles, Ganges dolphin and other water animals, which can be found here. Location 8 km from Railway Station, spread over the 7 km. stretch of River Ganges from Rajghat to Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India Distances 28 km from Babatpur (Varanasi) Airport, by road- Lucknow- Varanasi via Sultanpur-285 km, Via Pratapgarh 302, via Faizabad 323 km. One can contact the Office of Warden, Turtle Wild Life Sanctuary, Sarnath, Varanasi. Ideal time to visit is throughout the year, Best Season- (Oct.-June). Attractions: Nature & Wildlife.\",\n \"Thora Jee Le man of her dreams, Qasim Khan as T.C, the serious and envious but very blunt person with the anger that requires just a match stick to light and Ahsan Mohsin Ikram as Azaad, a family oriented man, loving and caring husband to Misha whose support is relentless and loyal. The principle photography began in July 2016 in Karachi and proceeded to Larkana. Some portions of the film were shot later in September 2016. A teaser for the film was released online on 17 November 2016. The film is slated to release all over Pakistan on 20 January 2017. The music\",\n \"Paayum Puli (2015 film) shot on Vishal, Kajal and others at Karaikudi and its surrounding locations for three days. Days later, a romantic song was shot on Vishal and Kajal at Pollachi and its surrounding locales. Upon its completion, the film's unit filmed a few talkie portions at the East Coast Road in Chennai. The last song of the film was shot near Mahabalipuram for four days commencing from 26 June 2015. Vishal gifted 300 gold coins to the film's unit after the principal photography was wrapped up on 1 July 2015. The shooting was culminated with the traditional pumpkin breaking ritual on 4\",\n \"and Aleeze Nasser. Waqas Rana would also be serving as the producer and Director of Photography of the film, and he revealed that four foreign actors were also cast in the film. \\\"Waar 2\\\" was previously all set to go into production in 2014. The movie was set be shot in international locations including Russia, Yugoslavia, United Kingdom and Turkey. Principal photography on the film began in late-June 2015 in London. In August 2015, filming took place at the K2 base camp. Waar 2 Waar 2 is an upcoming Pakistani action thriller film directed and written by Hassan Rana. It\",\n \"Veeram (2016 film) Veeram () is a 2016 Indian epic historical drama film written and directed by Jayaraj. It is an adaptation of William Shakespeare's play, \\\"Macbeth\\\", and is the fifth installment in Jayaraj's Navarasa series. The film, which also takes inspirations from the Vadakkan Pattukal (Northern Ballads) of North Malabar region in Kerala tells the story of Chandu Chekavar (Kunal Kapoor), an infamous warrior in the 13th century North Malabar. \\\"Veeram\\\" is simultaneously made in Malayalam, Hindi, and in English with the same title. Principal photography commenced on 5 January 2016 in Thiruvananthapuram, where it was mostly shot, with\",\n \"Osthe Katrina Kaif, Bipasha Basu, Deepika Padukone, Mallika Sherawat and Vidya Balan were considered or even approached, with Sherawat eventually being selected. The film was officially launched with a pooja held at the AVM studios in Chennai on 10 May 2011, while filming commenced on 26 June in Mysore. Almost the entire film was shot in and around Mysore in a single schedule, which was completed by mid-August. Silambarasan had hit the gyms to tone up his physique, on the contrary to Salman Khan who had undergone a special diet to shed his six pack abs. The final schedule of the\",\n \"Server Sundaram (upcoming film) of the film was released on 20 January 2016 coinciding with Santhanam's birthday, while the makers revealed that project would be shot in Chennai, Goa and Dubai. In June 2016, the team shot a song with YouTube dancers Poonam and Priyanka Shah in Australia, alongside the lead actors. Filming ended by late October 2016. The soundtrack of the movie is composed by Santhosh Narayanan. The film's soundtrack consists of five songs, four of which were written by Vivek Velmurugan of \\\"36 Vayadhinile\\\" and \\\"Jil Jung Juk\\\" fame, while the fifth song \\\"Kannaal Modhaadhey\\\" was written by Muthamil of \\\"Enakkul Oruvan\",\n \"activities like selling ganja and putting up petty tea shops inside the market. I immediately decided to make a film on them.\\\" Filming took place in Chennai's Koyambedu market, Alappuzha in Kerala and Murudeshwara temple in Karnataka. The film was shot entirely with Canon EOS 5D, a DSLR camera. Associate Director – Mr. Lenin \\\"Goli Soda\\\" opened to critical acclaim. Baradwaj Rangan wrote \\\"The signature achievement of \\\"Goli Soda\\\" is its ruthless unmasking of how hollow most of our masala movies are, and how, with a little imagination, just a little, you can make a film which does not insult\",\n \"four-year sabbatical. The film began principal photography on 1 November 2017, coinciding with Kerala Piravi. Film's title was announced on 11 June 2018. There was a two-day filming at an oil refinery in Sharjah held in the fourth week of June 2018. The soundtrack consists four songs written by Rafeeque Ahmed and Shruthy Namboothiri( koode title track), two each composed by M. Jayachandran and Raghu Dixit. It was released on 15 June 2018 by the label Muzik 247. The background score was composed by Raghu Dixit. \\\"Koode\\\" was initially scheduled to be released on 6 July 2018. It was released\",\n \"Odiyan She said it was a difficult role to portray. The character has less screen time but is important in the script. Her character has transition from a young girl to an aged woman. Including Sana, many of the artists were prepared through a week long acting workshop. Atul Mongia served as the acting workshop director. Principal photography began on 25 August 2017 in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Mohanlal joined the film three days later. Some scenes were shot at the Assi Ghat with Mohanlal. Underwater action scenes were filmed in the Ganges River. In Varanasi, the film was extensively shot at\",\n \"Lailaa O Lailaa with Aashirvad Cinemas. Principal photography began at the end of August 2014. The first schedule was in Kochi, Goa and Mysore; the second schedule was in Bangalore; and the final schedule was at Kochi, Bangalore and Bellary. The film was originally scheduled for a 110-day shoot and was completed within a span of 7 months. The film was dubbed and released in Tamil as \\\"Murugavel\\\", Telugu as \\\"Iddaru Iddare\\\". The film released in theatres across India on 14 May 2015, and was a disaster. Jai Mohan (Mohanlal) leads a double life, he is a special agent of a special task\",\n \"under the filmmaker's baton in the film \\\"Anbe Vaa\\\" (1966).\\\" The hat worn by Ramachandran onscreen attained popularity, and later became the symbol of the political party All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. \\\"Anbe Vaa\\\" attained cult status in Tamil cinema, and was one of the first South Indian films to be shot in Shimla, inspiring many other films to choose Shimla as a shooting location, notably the Telugu film, \\\"Desamuduru\\\" (2007). Director Mani Ratnam, film producer M. S. Guhan's daughter Aruna Guhan, choreographer Prabhu Deva, and director Sundar C. all ranked \\\"Anbe Vaa\\\" among their favourite films. As of\",\n \"24 (2016 film) the film, with principal photography commencing in Mumbai in April 2015, continuing in Nasik, Goregaon and Pune. The second phase of filming was done in Poland by end-September 2015. Filming was completed in Chennai by November 2015. Produced by 2D Entertainment, the film has cinematography by S. Tirru. The soundtrack and film score are composed by A. R. Rahman, with lyrics by Vairamuthu and Madhan Karky. The film along with the dubbed Telugu version having the same title was released on 6 May 2016. It is also dubbed in Hindi as \\\"Time Story\\\". The film won two awards at the\",\n \"Varun Tej Varun Tej is an Indian film actor who works in the Telugu film industry. He made his debut as a lead in the film \\\"Mukunda\\\", directed by Srikanth Addala opposite Pooja Hegde. His second film \\\"Kanche,\\\" also being the first Indian film on WWII, became a sleeper hit and Varun Tej's portrayal of Dhupati Haribabu was critically acclaimed. Varun Tej played the role of protagonist in space thriller film Antariksham 9000 KMPH. Varun Tej is the son of actor Nagendra Babu. He is a nephew of Tollywood actors Chiranjeevi and Pawan Kalyan. His sister Niharika Konidela and his\",\n \"8 Thottakkal the film to real-life incidents and literature, citing he was interested by the mystery series of Inspector Martin Beck. For the film, he also spent time speaking to the cop who was part of the 2012 Velachery encounters, where five men suspected of robbing banks in the city were shot dead, with Nassar’s character in his story being partly based on this policeman. The production began in August 2016 and ended in November 2016, with the film shot almost entirely in Chennai, over a period of 47 days. Newcomer Vettri was selected to play the lead role of a sub-inspector\",\n \"28 March 2016, Ennu Ninte Moideen received 55 wins and 63 nominations. Ennu Ninte Moideen Ennu Ninte Moideen (English: \\\"Yours Truly, Moideen\\\") is a 2015 Indian Malayalam-language biographical romantic drama film written and directed by R. S. Vimal, based on the real-life story of B. P. Moideen and Kanchanamala, which took place in the 1960s in Mukkam, Kozhikode. Prithviraj Sukumaran and Parvathy essay the title characters of Moideen and Kanchanamala while Bala, Tovino Thomas, Saikumar, Sashi Kumar and Lena appear in supporting roles. Music was composed by M. Jayachandran and Ramesh Narayan, while background score was composed by Gopi Sunder.\",\n \"like \\\"Mazha\\\", \\\"Makante Achan\\\", \\\"Sethurama Iyer CBI\\\", \\\"Mahasamudram\\\", \\\"Nerariyan CBI\\\" and \\\"Yes Your Honour\\\", and had assisted several well-known directors. The script was written by S. N. Swami, the man behind the \\\"CBI\\\" series. Sajeev Shanker was the cinematographer and editing was by B. Murali. The music was composed by music director M. Jayachandran and lyrics were by Gireesh Puthenchery. Mahadevan Thampi is the still photographer of this movie. \\\"Janakan\\\" was filmed in Thiruvananthapuram and surrounding areas. The movie was released on 8 April 2010. \\\"Sify.com\\\" gave a \\\"Watchable\\\" verdict and said \\\"There are no real experiments here, true, but\",\n \"Loham order to make it more realistic. Mythili, who was cast by Ranjith in her debut film, acted in and served as an assistant director for the film which was her debut behind the camera. She also sang a duet song in the film's soundtrack. Sreevalsan J. Menon was selected by Ranjith to compose the film's original music score. Renji Panicker suggested Menon to Ranjith during the film's pre-production stage. C. Rajamani composed the film score. Principal photography began on 8 March 2015, at the Calicut International Airport in Kozhikode. M. D. Sasidharan, managing director of Gold Coin Motion Pictures, performed\",\n \"The Figurine Lagos and Ada, Osun State for three months. The tourist attraction in Osun was shown in the movie by filming at the water falls, hills and the forests. MicCom Golf and Hotel Resort provided free accommodation for the cast and crew while they shot in Osun State, some scenes in the film were shot at the resort as well. The equipment used for the movie were gotten from Jungle Film Works; the only place in Nigeria at the time to get all the equipments needed for big budget movies. Jungle film Works eventually came on board as associate producers for\",\n \"these three passionate characters, as they go about their business of empowering others. (Source:Filmmaker blog) Lohit Diary Lohit Diary, English: Lohit Diary is a 76 minutes documentary film produced in India, set the Lohit River Valley in East Arunachal Pradesh, North-East India. The film is produced by Films Division of India and is directed by Ramchandra PN. The film, completed in 2015, was shot in and around Tezu, Wakro, Namsai, Chongkham and Yatong areas in Arunachal Pradesh in India. \\\"The film covers aspects of the threat of opium addiction looming large over the local youth, and social initiatives from the\",\n \"Rajpur Sonarpur of the Satyajit Ray's debut film \\\"Pather Panchali\\\" was done at Boral, then a small village on the outskirts of Kolkata, now a locality of Sonarpur. A decade later, Ray again shot a scene of \\\"Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne\\\" in the dense bamboo groves near a local pond. The city also includes the localities of Malancha, Kodalia , Subhashgram, Boral, Nandan, Srirampur, New Garia, Kamalgazi, Chak Garia, Techno City, Panchpota, Model Town, Tentulberia, East Tentulberia, Ramgarh, Briji, Sreenagar, Panchasayar, Balia, Fartabad, Ramchandrapur, Bidyadharpur, Kalikapur, Kheadaha, Gangajoara, Garia, Hadia etc. Before the State Highway–1 (also known as E.M Bypass) project Rajpur\",\n \"Mastizaade (Tusshar Kapoor) and Aditya Chothia (Vir Das) are two spoilt brats who are sex-addicts, meet the twin sisters and fall in love with each. Deshdrohi and Deshpremi (both played by Shaad Randhawa) are two look-alikes, Deshpremi is physically disabled and Deshdrohi is a womaniser. Lily and Deshpremi are about to get married. The story revolves around the various twists and funny chaos in their lives. Principal photography commenced on 7 September 2014 and was completed by December 2014. It was shot at various locations in Thailand and India. The film was initially slated to release on 1 May 2015, but\",\n \"all of whom have reportedly been cast in triple roles. The team of \\\"Humshakals\\\" shot in Mauritius for the final part of the film starting on 22 February 2014. Two songs and several sequences were shot at the La Plantation Resort & Spa, Le Méridien, Intercontinental Resort, Bagatelle Mall of Mauritius and the Northern Beaches. Mauritian extras also participated in the shooting. After the release and the poor critical response, Saif Ali Khan told the press that \\\"The film didn't have a script as such, it was all there in Sajid's mind.\\\" The soundtrack of \\\"Humshakals\\\" is composed by Himesh\",\n \"would have the role of a prime minister of India and that the project was expected to begin filming in late 2014 for a 2015 release. Raajneeti Raajneeti (), is a 2010 Indian political thriller film co-written, directed and produced by Prakash Jha, with a screenplay by Anjum Rajabali and Prakash Jha, and starring Ajay Devgn, Nana Patekar, Ranbir Kapoor, Katrina Kaif, Arjun Rampal, Manoj Bajpayee and Naseeruddin Shah in the lead roles. It was originally produced by Prakash Jha Productions and distributed by UTV Motion Pictures and Walkwater Media. It was shot in Bhopal. The title translates literally as\",\n \"Velipadinte Pusthakam June 2017. It took 42 days to complete the schedule. The second schedule began in Alappuzha district on 9 July 2017, and was expected to last for two weeks. Some flashback scenes were shot at Cherthala. Nimesh Thanoor was the art director. Some sets were constructed beside Kattoor beach in Alappuzha district; including Viswan's house—which was built in 15 days—a nearby temple, and a workshop. Mohanlal filmed for 10 days in this schedule. The filming was completed on 22 July 2017; the final scenes were filmed at Arthunkal beach. Post-production began the following day, with the commencement of dubbing in\",\n \"2016 in Pakistan. The film opened to a highly successful box office weekend and went on to run for several weeks, making it one the highest-grossing films of 2016. In Dec 2016 \\\"Ho Mann Jahaan\\\" was showcased at the Pakistani Film Festival in New York City. \\\"Ho Mann Jahaan\\\" is a coming-of-age urban story set in present-day Karachi. The film revolves around three main characters – Arhan (Sheheryar Munawar), Manizeh (Mahira Khan), and Nadir (Adeel Husain). The story is about their friendship born out of shared experiences, passion for music, and aspiration for fame. Sonya Jehan plays the role of\",\n \"copy of the film's script for a place in its Margaret Herrick Library. When the Indian Hockey Federation was reorganised in April 2008, former player Aslam Sher Khan said that he wanted \\\"to create a 'Chak De' effect\\\" in Indian hockey. The film was screened in New Delhi on 17 August 2016, as part of the week long \\\"Independence Day Film Festival.\\\" The festival was jointly presented by the Indian Directorate of Film Festivals and Ministry of Defense, commemorating India's 70th Independence Day. \\\"Chak De! India\\\" opens in Delhi during the final minutes of a Hockey World Cup match between\",\n \"Kankai Kankai is a Hindu's holy place situated in the middle of Gir Forest National Park in Junagadh district of Saurashtra region in the state of Gujarat, India. Located inside Gir forest, Gujarat, India. The Indian mega-epic Mahabharata's famous character Arjuna comes alive here so this place is famous because of him. Once traveling through this forest, Pandavas gets thirsty and Arjuna uses his bow to discover water from the earth. There is a Mahadev temple here called 'Banej'. The main temple is \\\"Shri Kankeshwari Mataji\\\" also known as \\\"Shri Kankai Mataji\\\". Mataji is principal goddess (કુળદૅવી) to many castes\",\n \"the other internal organs. The architecture and carvings of the approximately 150 residences dating back to the Ming and Qing Dynasties are said to be among the best of their kind in China. One of the biggest of the residences open to visitors, \\\"Chenzhi Hall\\\", also contains a small museum. Together with Xidi, the village became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000. Scenes from the film \\\"Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon\\\" were filmed on location in Hongcun. Buses are available from Huangshan Bus Station. There are also buses from Tangkou Bus Station to Hongcun. Tangkou Bus Station is at the\",\n \"Iximche Iximche () (or Iximché using Spanish orthography) is a Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican archaeological site in the western highlands of Guatemala. Iximche was the capital of the Late Postclassic Kaqchikel Maya kingdom from 1470 until its abandonment in 1524. The architecture of the site included a number of pyramid-temples, palaces and two Mesoamerican ballcourts. Excavators uncovered the poorly preserved remains of painted murals on some of the buildings and ample evidence of human sacrifice. The ruins of Iximche were declared a Guatemalan National Monument in the 1960s. The site has a small museum displaying a number of pieces found there, including\",\n \"Lukka Chuppi Chinnu Kuruvila was cast in the role of Annie, a fashion designer, spouse to Jayasurya's Raghuram. Saiju Kurup portrayed Xavier, one of the college mate who is now a priest. The filming began in January 2015 in Guruvayoor, Thrissur. The entire film was shot in a single location, a waterside resort. The two-hour story which takes place within an evening-to-night time span was completely filmed inside the resort. For the film, a house set was created on the banks of Chettuva Backwater in Thrissur. The frontage was entirely build of glass. Including the wallpaper and accessories, all designing materials were\",\n \"Valla Desam shoot in London during late 2012 under the title of \\\"Aayiram Kanavugal\\\" and was also developed under its literal English translation \\\"1000 Dreams\\\", before undergoing a name change in late 2014 after a period of little progress. In July 2015, actor Silambarasan recorded his voice for a song in the film, which has music composed by his cousin, Muthukumarasamy who is also the son of veteran composer late L. Vaidyanathan. The film's soundtrack album and trailer was released at an event in Chennai in August 2015 by actor Kamal Haasan and director Bharathiraja. Following two years of inactivity, the team\",\n \"Inthi Ninna Preethiya daughter of actor and makeup artist Ramakrishna, was signed on to play the lover role in her debut. Pawan Kumar who later turned director, was also cast to play the antagonist role. The filming took place majorly at Bangalore and few scenes were shot in Kasargod district of Kerala state. Sadhu Kokila scored the film's background music and composed its soundtrack, lyrics for which was penned by Jayanth Kaikini, Yogaraj Bhat and Ranganath. The soundtrack album consists of eight tracks. It was released in Bangalore. Ashwini Music of Ashwini Media distributed the audio into the market. The reviewer for \\\"Indiaglitz.com\\\"\",\n \"Sabine Sidawi and Jinane Dagher from Orjouane Productions. The film was financially supported by three Lebanese investors and Damas Jewelry acted as the sponsor and made a unique ring design to be used in the film. The shooting began in December 2015 and the film was shot entirely in Lebanon. The film was screened in the Cannes Film Festival. The film had a world premier in Dubai International Film Festival in 2016 with Sophie Boutros becoming the most highly anticipated Arab director. It released in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, UAE, Kuwait and Palestine in 2017. Mahbas held the second spot, after\",\n \"Khaddama of a housemaid in Saudi Arabia. It is scripted by K. Girishkumar and Kamal and the story is based on a feature by K. U. Iqbal, published in \\\"Bhashaposhini\\\", depicting the real–life incidents of a Kerala–born housemaid in Arabia. Principal photography for the film began in October 2010 and took place mainly in the Middle East. After a special screening in the last week of January, the film made its theatrical debut in Kerala on 4 February 2011. The film's release was banned across the Middle East. The film was well received by film critics, with most of them applauding\",\n \"Pradesh, and tells the story of a corrupt but fearless police officer, Chulbul Pandey, and his troubled relationship with his stepfather and half-brother. Made with a budget of 300 million and marketed at 120 million, \\\"Dabangg\\\" was shot primarily in the town of Wai in Maharashtra, while other major scenes were shot in the United Arab Emirates. \\\"Dabangg\\\" was released during Eid on 10 September 2010 in nearly 2100 cinemas worldwide. It opened to generally positive reviews, and went on to gross 2.15 billion worldwide. It is the highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2010 and one among the highest grossing Bollywood\",\n \"Nature, Occasional Paper 5): 5-24. Kyoto: Research Institute for Humanity and Nature. Kanmer Kanmer, locally known as Bakar Kot, is an archaeological site belonging to Indus Valley Civilization, located in Rapar Taluk, Kutch District, Gujarat, India. Indo-Japanese joint excavation at Kanmer was undertaken during 2006 by Institute of Rajasthan Studies, RIHN,JRN Rajasthan Vidyapeeth, Archeology Department, Gujarat and Japanese team. The site was strongly fortified despite being small, perhaps because it may have been located on trade route between Sindh and Saurashtra. Rich ceramic assemblage, representing the Mature Harappan culture was found at this site. Three clay seals with central holes,\",\n \"Ni Noma (film) her past is about to catch up to her and change her life forever. Ni Noma was shot in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, and was produced by Proin Promotions Tanzania Ltd. Principal photography was released in 2015 during the shooting. The film produced by actress Elizabeth Michael and it is her third film to put effort as a producer. The movie was teased on social networks. In July before the release of the movie,Elizabeth Michael (Lulu) the producer of the movie made a media tour so as to promote the movie ,She did a tour at Bongo5.com one of the\",\n \"released shortly after. The film's first schedule was completed in July 2016, with Suhasini and K. Viswanath also joining the film's cast. The film was then shot in Dharamsala, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kerala, Mumbai, Switzerland, and Italy. In August 2017, the Tamil title was changed from \\\"Kadhalin Ponveedhiyil\\\" to \\\"Sollividava\\\". The Kannada title of \\\"Prema Baraha\\\" is derived from Arjun Sarja's song \\\"Prema Baraha Koti Taraha\\\" from the film \\\"Prathap\\\" (1990). Jassie Gift has composed the score and songs for the film, with Divo releasing the soundtrack in Kannada and U1 Records in Tamil. The heroine introduction theme included in the\",\n \"Kandaen released in Telugu as \\\"Balapam Patti Bhama Odilo\\\" in 2016. Vasanth (Shanthnoo Bhagyaraj) is an engineer who comes from Chennai. He falls in love with Narmada (Rashmi Gautam) at first sight. He acts blind, and she eventually falls for him. They date, and Narmadha's father (Ashish Vidyarthi), a police commissioner, gets to know abets. He manages to tell Narmada the truth, and she comes to know about Vasanth's blindness. They reconcile, and as the movie comes to an end, Vasanth has a successful operation, and they return to India happily to get married. The satellite rights of the film were\",\n \"sensitive role to play as she goes to different phases in the film.\\\" According to Basu, after Kapoor, Chopra and D'cruz's character Saurabh Shukla's character as Inspector Dutta was the most important. Basu described the role as \\\"amazing\\\" character, who makes others cry when he laughs. Principal photography commenced in March 2011. \\\"Barfi!\\\" was shot between June 2011 and February 2012, mostly in Darjeeling. In March 2011, Basu visited Kolkata to finalize the locations within the city. Filming in Mumbai began on 20 March 2011 and continued until May 2011. In June 2011, the cast and crew shot in Darjeeling.\",\n \"Pulimurugan am lucky.\\\" Because filming with wild animals is not allowed in India, the crew travelled abroad to film the scenes involving a tiger. The tiger scenes were filmed during January 2016 at locations in Bangkok, Thailand. The tiger was trained by Bangkok-based trainers under the supervision of Hein. The initial plan was to use graphics but the team later decided to use a real tiger. They first went to South Africa to shoot the tiger scenes but the results were not suitable. After trying to find locations in Vietnam, the tiger scenes were eventually filmed in one month in Thailand.\",\n \"7 Din Mohabbat In having rehearsals throughout July, the principal photography began on 1 August 2017 in Karachi, while the last spell was shot in November 2017. Rana Kamran has served as the cinematographer. Film music has been composed by Arshad Mehmood, Shuja Haider and Shani Arshad. Wahab Shah joined the crew as choreographer. According to the box-office report, \\\"Saat Din Mohabbat In\\\" has managed to make Rs. 5.3 crores in Pakistani theaters on the Eid weekend. The film collected 8.05 crores in its 1st week including the next Friday.The film also collected 1.6 crores overseas in its first week. It collected 1.75 crores\",\n \"Kanal (2015 film) seconds shows Mohanlal in the backdrop of Middle East city Doha which was shown with the tagline – 'Every end has an old beginning'. The music was released by Muzik 247 on 17 September 2015 in an event organised at Hotel Travancore Court, Kochi at 7 pm. The soundtrack album was composed by Ouseppachan and Vinu Thomas (\\\"Oru Venal Kaataai\\\"), with lyrics written by Dr. Madhu Vasudevan and Prakash Maraar. It featured five songs, four of them were composed by Ouseppachan and one by Vinu Thomas. Directors Joshiy, Kamal and Thampi Kannamthanam were special guests at the function. At the\",\n \"Juze (film) Juze or Juje is an Indian film in Konkani, written and directed by Miransha Naik. The film is about the social injustice and exploitation faced by migrant labourers in Goa, and is set in the 1990s. It was co-produced by people from India, France and Netherlands (Thin Air, Three Rivers, Kepler Films, Cine-Sud Promotion) under the banner of Goa Film Bazaar, with some of the editing done in Paris. The film premiered at the Hong Kong International Film Festival in April 2017, and was also chosen for the Karlovy Vary Film Festival. It became the first Konkani film\",\n \"whatever was deemed necessary (including a Jimmy Jib, a specific kind of camera crane, just for a single crane shot). The film was shot on location in and around Mumbai, with Goa as a backdrop for the \\\"Aane Charaane\\\" song. Only two characters—those of Munna Bhai (portrayed by Sanjay Dutt) and Circuit (portrayed by Arshad Warsi)—were retained from \\\"Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.\\\" Several actors from \\\"Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.\\\", appeared in \\\"Lage Raho Munna Bhai\\\" as different characters. Vidya Balan was chosen to play the leading lady Jahnavi as her voice was thought to be appropriate for that of a radio jockey.\",\n \"Punjab Nahi Jaungi role which she refused to do. Talking about this, Saeed asserted, \\\"We did approach Sohai for Urwa's role but she wasn't comfortable doing it. Maybe she expected a bigger role and this just wasn't delivering it.\\\" The filming took place in the city of Bahawalpur, where architectural masterpieces like Darbar Mahal and Gulzar Mahal were used in some of the scenes. Most of the filming took place in the cities of Faisalabad, Lahore and Karachi. The film's trailer was released online on 6 July 2017. Within 48 hours, it had over 1 million views and trended at number 1 on\",\n \"was held in Kochi on July 2010. \\\"Ithu Nammude Katha\\\" began its filming on August 2010 in Kavalam near Changanassery. In addition to Kavalam, the locations for the film include Kuttanadu, Pollachi and Gundalpettu. The film features an ensemble cast consisting of many new faces. According to the director, they are planning to include all the new faces of Malayalam cinema, perhaps in cameo roles or as part of a song sequence. The lead male roles have been played by Asif Ali, Nishan and Abhishek, who previously teamed up in \\\"Apoorvaragam\\\" and the former two also in \\\"Ritu\\\". There are\",\n \"Kanda, Uttarakhand Kanda is a small historic, scenic town and tehsil in Bageshwar district, in the state of Uttarakhand, India. Kanda was ruled by the Katyuri Kings from the 7th to the 13th century. Upon the disintegration of the Katyuris in 13th century, Kanda came under the rule of Mankoti kings of Gangoli. In the 16th century, the Chand king, Balo Kalyan Chand, invaded Mankot, the seat of Mankoti kings, and annexed Gangoli to his kingdom, the Kumaon Kingdom. Kanda is located east of the district headquarters, the city of Bageshwar, and to the northwest of the city of Pithoragarh.\",\n \"Kanal (2015 film) global recession in United Arab Emirates. The story revolves around a thriller –- revenge plot that has resulted from the recession. The story explores the basic nature of cruelty and love in human nature through the lives of four individuals: John David (Mohanlal), Anantharaman (Anoop Menon), Raghuchandran (Pratap Pothan) and Kuruvila Mathew (Atul Kulkarni). The film was officially announced at the end of January 2015, which was said to be a revenge-thriller genre story revolving around two individuals with revengeful mind. Mohanlal, Padmakumar and Suresh Babu were collaborating for the second time after \\\"Shikkar\\\" (2010) which was also a revenge-thriller.\",\n \"Velaiilla Pattadhari he gets a job, whilst successfully overcoming various obstacles before and after finding employment. Principal photography commenced in August 2013 and was completed by May 2014, with the film being shot primarily in Chennai. The film was released on 18 July 2014, and received positive critical reception. The film grossed 190.8 million on its opening weekend and earned a worldwide collection 530 million during its lifetime run. The film was dubbed into Telugu as \\\"Raghuvaran B.Tech\\\", which was released on 1 January 2015. It was remade in Kannada as \\\"Brihaspathi\\\" (2018). A sequel to the film directed by Soundarya Rajinikanth\",\n \"was shot with a two-member crew with Vinod behind the camera assisted by the sound recordist. Apart from the four cast members of Karma series, the rest of the cast were non-professionals or have never acted before. Karma Cartel was shot mostly in Fort Cochin, and in parts of Ernakulam. The film was shot following Dogme 95 Manifesto rules 1,3,4,5,6 and 7. There were a lot of random location shifts due to the interference of the festivities of Kochi-Muziris Biennale and the New Year celebrations at Fort Cochin. Inspired by methods used by Anthony Dod Mantle on Festen, Vinod filmed\",\n \"1545 gave the medieval Castle of Binche to his sister, Queen Mary of Hungary. She lavished attention on Binche, which she had rebuilt under the direction of an architect-sculptor Jacques du Broeucq, remembered today as the first master of Giambologna. The château, intended to rival Fontainebleau, was destroyed by the soldiers of Henry II of France in 1554. In 2003, the Carnival of Binche was proclaimed one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. Binche Binche (; ) is a Walloon city and municipality located in the Belgian province of Hainaut. Reference- Casey is\",\n \"Ek Ajnabee cultural films. These films don't necessarily have to be like Monsoon Wedding or Bend It Like Beckham. This is not another Hindi film. This is not a remake of \\\"Man on Fire\\\". If you see the way it is shot, edited and directed, it is setting new standards. Mr Bachchan is reinventing himself. So please don't turn this film into another Bollywood film.\\\" The film was shot on location in Bangkok, Thailand, for 35 days. Lakhia said that he and Bunty Walia, a producer, chose Bangkok because \\\"we wanted our characters to stand out. When they are walking on the\",\n \"Chander Pahar (franchise) Project\\\". The film has reportedly incorporated CGI and visual effects at par with Hollywood and Bollywood standards. Dev plays the role of the main protagonist, Shankar. Most of the other cast members are from South Africa. According to the crew members, it took a considerable time to decide who would play the role of Diego Alvarez, and South African actor Gérard Rudolf was selected. The first theatrical trailer of the film was released by Shree Venkatesh Films, at the Kolkata Nicco park on 14 November 2013. Shooting locations include Kruger National Park, the mountains of Drakensberg, and the deserts of\",\n \"Regmi is the most veteran actor in this movie. He has played a lot of movies in the past and is also a production Manager by profession. Arun plays Baaje, a grandpa who lives in the village of Zhigrana with his grandson in the past. His character is also an exorcist who makes sacrifices for spirits to go away. Production began October 2013. The cast and crew went to shoot for 32 working days. The movie was shot in Rupa Lake close to Pokhara, the highway to Pokhara and Kathmandu. The set of village Zhigrana built in Rupa lake was\",\n \"Golmaal Again film franchise. The film marks Devgn's tenth film collaboration with Rohit Shetty. The production of the film began in July 2016 and principal photography commenced in March 2017 in Mumbai. The film released on 20 October 2017. The film broke several records upon its release. With a box office gross of over 3.11 billion, it was the fifth highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2017 and one of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time. It received mixed to positive reviews from critics. The story starts with Anna Matthew (Tabu) (Ena in pronunciation) explaining that she can see ghosts and spiritual spirits\",\n \"not agree as he had other films lined up, while he called his character, John Christopher, \\\"[not] entirely evil\\\". Over the next months, the film saw several changes in its principal cast and crew. Initially reported to be produced by Dr. L. Sivabalan under his Zero Rules Entertainment banner, the project was later known to be funded by G. Dillibabu's Axess Film Factory. The film was shot across several South Indian states in locations including Chennai, Thekkady, Idukki, Ernakulam, Puducherry. The film also used Motion capture technology in few of its segments. The soundtrack of \\\"Urumeen\\\" was composed by Achu\",\n \"Peruchazhi news of us shooting in the U. S. got lesser prominence in the media than the shooting in Kerala, which was there for three or four days. There are certain things that we thought would be better if we shot it here [Kollam]. What matters in the end is the content on screen.\\\" The cast and crew travelled to the United States on 12 May 2014, on a schedule which was expected to wrap on 16 June 2016. Filming took place for around 35 days in America. Most of the crew members were from the U. S. and worked six\",\n \"Chaar Kadam hall and cobbled streets of Europe. Hence, the crew travelled 3,500 kilometres to search for it before finalising Bruges in Belgium. Prior to that, the crew looked for other major European cities like Paris, Venice and Prague. Shooting of the song was completed within two to three days. The whole song was shot in the Belgian city of Bruges. It was the first Hindi song to be shot in this city. Talking about the location of the song, Hirani stated, \\\"I was spellbound by the picturesque architecture, landscapes, the strong historical background and clean refreshing environs. I decided that this\",\n \"Varma (film) film editor, after having earlier worked for Bala's \\\"Naachiyaar\\\". \\\"Varma\\\" marks the acting debut of actor Vikram's son Dhruv Vikram. It is also the debut for Megha, who plays the female lead. Akash Premkumar was chosen to play the lead character's best friend Ashok. Principal photography began in early March 2018 at Kathmandu, Nepal, and a week later, after completing the first schedule there, the crew shifted to Chennai for the second schedule. Shooting was briefly stalled due to a strike of the Tamil Film Producers Council, but resumed in April after the strike ended. For the final schedule, the\",\n \"Ilai Lakshmiyum Pinne Njaanum\\\" (1999) and \\\"Su.. Su... Sudhi Vathmeekam\\\" (2015). Along with Swathy, Malayalam actress Sreedevi Anil and Kannada actor King Mohan were also selected to star in the film. The film was set in the remote villages of Tamil Nadu in the early 1991, talking about the importance of education for young girls. The director, Bineesh Raj, also doubled up as the film's VFX artist. The film opened on 21 April 2017 across Tamil Nadu alongside Marx's \\\"Nagarvalam\\\". The Times of India wrote \\\"coupled with the characterisation and lines, it gives the film the feel of a Natural Life\",\n \"meets the widowed Janaki and her daughter who have come to India to meet him. They fulfill their dream to fly together in Venkidi's old aircraft he made years ago in his village. \\\"Vimaanam\\\" is a high budget film involving high VFX works for the flying scenes. The film will have two time periods with Prithviraj appearing in two different looks. Reportedly, he will be reducing weight for the role and will also be taking flying courses. Principal photography commenced on 9 February 2017 in Kochi, Kerala. The main filming locations was Bhatkal and Mangalore, and was also shot in\",\n \"Adhe Kangal (2017 film) Janani Iyer and Sshivada selected to portray the leading roles. Kalaiyarasan was revealed to be portraying a blind chef, with the team using American chef Christine Hà as a character inspiration for his role. The film was shot in Kanyakumari, Erode, and Chennai throughout the middle of 2016. After the film's production was completed, C. V. Kumar revealed that the film would be titled as \\\"Adhe Kangal\\\" named after the 1967 film of the same name during September 2016. The film's soundtrack is scored by Ghibran. The album was released on 17 January 2017 by Think Music India. The film\",\n \"Baar Baar Dekho feature in the film, opposite Malhotra. The film was initially titled \\\"Kal Jisne Dekha\\\". Principal photography began on August 28, 2015, in Glasgow, Scotland, and went for over a month. Filming then continued in Delhi and Mumbai from November 2015 onwards. On February 22, 2016, the team filmed \\\"Sau Aasmaan\\\" in Krabi, Thailand, for a week. According to \\\"Box Office India\\\", the film had a total budget of 530 million. However, \\\"The Indian Express\\\" stated that budget was around 350 million excluding the cost of printing & marketing which are generally not considered part of the budget. The music is\",\n \"Yaakkai Prakash Raj as a police officer and Swathi Reddy as the heroine. The film was later put on hold until the completion of the lead pair's other ongoing project, \\\"Yatchan\\\" (2015). The film then progressed throughout 2016, with Guru Somasundaram joining the cast to portray an antagonist in the film. Shoots were predominantly held in college campuses across Chennai, while scenes were also shot in Coimbatore, Ooty and Kothagiri. The film entered its post-production stages in July 2016, with Kreshna dubbing for his portions in a single day. Two songs from the film were released as promotional singles, prior to\",\n \"Kaanchi: The Unbreakable The trailer was released on 6 March 2014 on YouTube, which received positive reviews. Besides deploying their own marketing team, Mukta Arts partnered with web channel Trendspotters.tv for web and social-media promotion. Commenting on the film, Subash Ghai said, \\\"Kaanchi to me is a project that is larger than life itself, the film, though commercial, is an inspirational story for the young women of today. Filming occurred in locations around Mumbai and Nainital. Late last year when asked about its delay, director Subhash Ghai said he was in no hurry to release the film. He said \\\"A few portions of\",\n \"past to shoot documentaries in Kolkata, said that unlike majority of Indian films, \\\"Kahaani\\\" was shot mostly without artificial light. The film was shot in 64 days, during which the Durga Puja festival of 2010 took place. Shooting locations in Kolkata included Kalighat Metro station, Nonapukur tram depot, Kumartuli, Howrah Bridge, Victoria Memorial, old houses of North Kolkata and others. The climax, which takes place on the night of Vijayadashami (the last day of Durga Puja), was shot on the night of Vijayadashami in the premises of a \\\"Barowari\\\" (publicly organised) Durga Puja celebration in the Ballygunge neighbourhood of Kolkata.\",\n \"Valiya Chirakulla Pakshikal who were the actual victims of the pesticide appeared in the film at this time. The second shoot was completed in the spring at Kasaragod, in September 2014. During the shooting, people continued to strike, demanding justice from the Government for the endosulfan victims. Protests were also recreated with major participation from the areas' mothers and children. The third shoot was completed in Ottawa, Canada, during the winter in December 2014. CanEast films (Biju George and Satheesh Gopalan) in Ottawa, Canada, coordinated the Canadian part of shoot. The Ottawa Film Office, extended support for the production crew. Nearly 100 local\",\n \"Badmaash Company overwhelming high rate, hence recovering his Uncle Jazz' loss. Karan, Zing, Chandu and Bulbul are now partners with Jazz in \\\"Friends and Company\\\", but it is turned into a public limited company. With his wife, son, friends and having made his father proud, Karan is finally content with his life. Parmeet Sethi wrote the script for the film with dialogues in only six days. The four main characters are all based on real-life people. Parmeet reveals that he got tired of television and was keen on pursuing film direction. Filming locations for the film included New York, Atlantic City, Philadelphia,\",\n \"Khamoshiyan music, state-of-art digital effects and a love story that brings back the intrigue of Mahal, it will repackage and raise the bar for the horror genre in Bollywood\\\". Bhatt further added that the film has the potential of becoming a franchise. Ankit Tiwari was hired to compose the film's music. The shoot of the film's first schedule began on 5 June 2014 and ended in August 2014. Shooting for the film's second schedule took place in Kashmir in September 2014 for 15 days. Due to a high flood in Kashmir, the producers had to shift the shoot to South Africa,\",\n \"Gunday 2013 in Mumbai, where the streets of Howrah were recreated on the outskirts of the city. The filming moved to Kolkata in mid-February, where the major portion of the film was filmed on-location. One of the early filmed scenes included a dramatic Durga Puja sequence under the Howrah Bridge with a crowd of 1000 people, for which a huge pandal was created. For building the pandal, a very old native professional was hired to give it an authentic 1980s look. The opening song \\\"Jash-e-Ishqa\\\" was filmed at the Howrah Bridge; several scenes were also filmed at the Jagannath Ghat and\",\n \"Burra wrote the film's dialogue. Principal photography commenced on 27 February 2015 in Hyderabad. \\\"Kanche\\\" was filmed in Tatipaka, Draksharamam, Kapotavaram, and in Peruru Agraharam near Palakollu. Major sets were erected in Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad. The war sequences were filmed in Georgia and the film's unit was allotted 700 guns, four tanks, and a machine gun from the Georgia Military Institute a military training school. Principal photography was wrapped up on 6 July 2015. \\\"Kanche\\\" was filmed in 55 working days, 35 of which were in Georgia. Promoted as Telugu cinema's first World War II-based film, \\\"Kanche\\\" was released\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":0,"string":"0"}}},{"rowIdx":91,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"in which year was footballer paul ince born"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["Paul Ince Paul Emerson Carlyle Ince (; born 21 October 1967) is an English football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a midfielder from 1982 to 2007. Born in Ilford, London, Ince spent the majority of his playing career at the highest level; after leaving West Ham United he joined Manchester United where he played in the Premier League. After two years in Serie A with Internazionale he returned to England to play in the top flight for Liverpool, Middlesbrough and Wolverhampton Wanderers. After a spell as player-coach of Swindon Town, he retired from playing while player-manager"],"string":"[\n \"Paul Ince Paul Emerson Carlyle Ince (; born 21 October 1967) is an English football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a midfielder from 1982 to 2007. Born in Ilford, London, Ince spent the majority of his playing career at the highest level; after leaving West Ham United he joined Manchester United where he played in the Premier League. After two years in Serie A with Internazionale he returned to England to play in the top flight for Liverpool, Middlesbrough and Wolverhampton Wanderers. After a spell as player-coach of Swindon Town, he retired from playing while player-manager\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["2011 and got married to her on 12 September 2015. They welcomed their first-born Devante on 7 January 2017. http://www.rsbc.org.uk/blogs/blind-footballer-and-paralympian-darren-harris-retires/ https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/west-bromwich-albion-fc/2015/10/21/albion-try-blind-and-power-chair-football/found-24-ts-20/ http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/health/sutton-coldfield-paralympian-how-sport-7053011 Darren Harris (Paralympian) Darren Harris (born 20 June 1973) is a dual Paralympian, and England's most capped and most decorated blind footballer. Outside of sports he is a number one bestselling author, motivational speaker and transformational coach. Darren Harris was born in Wolverhampton on 20 June 1973. Following a life-changing diagnosis of bilateral retinoblastoma by a Harley Street specialist aged 15 months, his sight deteriorated until he became completely blind in his 20's. Harris went to New College","Donovan McNabb Donovan Jamal McNabb (born November 25, 1976) is an American former football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 13 seasons, primarily with the Philadelphia Eagles. Before his NFL career, he played football and basketball for Syracuse University. The Eagles selected him with the second overall pick in the 1999 NFL draft, and McNabb went on to play 11 seasons with the team, followed by a year each with the Washington Redskins and Minnesota Vikings. McNabb was the Eagles' starting quarterback from 1999 to 2009. During his tenure with the Eagles, he led the team","Christmas Day, 2000 shortly after watching an NFL game between the Dallas Cowboys and Tennessee Titans. He was four days away from his 50th birthday. Gilliam was sober for three years prior to his death and able to attend the final Steelers game at Three Rivers Stadium. Gilliam's daughter is R&B singer Joi. His ex son-in-law is rapper Big Gipp of the Goodie Mob. Joe Gilliam Joseph Wiley Gilliam, Jr. (December 29, 1950December 25, 2000) was a professional football player, a quarterback with the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League for four seasons. Primarily a backup, he started the","Ryan Giggs professional debut for the club in 1991 and spent the next 23 years in the Manchester United first team. At the end of the 2013–14 season, he was named as Manchester United's interim player-manager following the sacking of David Moyes. He was named as assistant manager under Moyes' permanent replacement, Louis van Gaal, on 19 May 2014; he retired from playing the same day. He holds the club record for competitive appearances. At international level, Giggs played for the Wales national team 64 times between 1991 and 2007, and was named as the captain of the Great Britain team that","goals. After appearing in both the 1994 and 1995 Grand Finals, both losses, he ruptured a patella tendon which forced him into retirement. On October 30, 2015, Brown was injured in an assault in the Victorian town of Shepparton. He was hospitalised, suffering from a fractured skull and bleeding on the brain. An 18 year old man was charged with his assault. Paul Brown (Australian footballer) Paul Brown (born 6 May 1969) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong in the AFL during the 1990s. Geelong recruited Paul Brown from Echuca and he started his career with","Jim and Mary McCartney James McCartney (7 July 1902 – 18 March 1976) and Mary Patricia McCartney (born Mohan; 29 September 1909 – 31 October 1956) were the parents of musician, author and artist Paul McCartney of the Beatles and Wings, and of the photographer and musician Mike McCartney (better known professionally as Mike McGear), who worked with the comedy rock trio the Scaffold. Like many families in Liverpool, the McCartney and Mohan families are of Irish descent. Jim worked for most of his life in the cotton trade, as well as playing in ragtime and jazz bands in Liverpool,","on 18 October 1974, to Colin and Valerie Savage. He attended Ysgol Bryn Alyn in Gwersyllt, until he completed his GCSE studies in July 1991. On leaving school, Savage joined Manchester United as an apprentice. Savage and wife Sarah have two sons. In 2012, one of his sons, Charlie, was attached to Manchester United's youth academy. Robbie Savage's father was diagnosed with Pick's disease, a dementia-type illness, when he was in his mid-50s, and died in 2012. Savage is an ambassador for the dementia care and research charity the Alzheimer's Society. Savage had said in the future he would have","Paul Tagliabue started a spring developmental league, the World League of American Football (WLAF), with seven teams in North America, plus three in Europe. The European teams dominated in 1991, the first season. After the second season, 1992, in which US-based teams played in the World Bowl, the World League was shut down as it was no success in the US. In 1995, the spring league returned as the NFL Europe with six teams in Europe. When Tagliabue retired, five teams were based in Germany. Tagliabue's successor Roger Goodell shut down the NFL Europe after the 2007 season. On the other hand,","Brian McClair Brian John McClair (born 8 December 1963) is a Scottish former professional footballer. As a player, he was a forward from 1980 to 1998, notable for his near 11-year spell at Manchester United where he won 14 trophies including four Premier League titles, as well as important tenures at Scottish clubs Celtic and Motherwell. At Motherwell, he combined his football with studying mathematics at the University of Glasgow. He was nicknamed \"Choccy\", as his last name rhymed with the delicacy \"chocolate eclair\". McClair played in 30 international games for Scotland between 1986 and 1993, and was selected for","cities\" that Thome has played. Jim Thome James Howard Thome (; born August 27, 1970) is an American former baseball player who played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), from 1991 to 2012. He played for six different teams, most notably the Cleveland Indians during the 1990s and early 2000s. A prolific power hitter, Thome hit 612 home runs during his career—the eighth-most all time—along with 2,328 hits, 1,699 runs batted in (RBIs), and a .276 batting average. He was a member of five All-Star teams and won a Silver Slugger Award in 1996. Thome grew up in Peoria,","1995–96 in English football after he kicked a woman he kicked in the head during a Liverpool nightclub brawl. 8 February 1996: The Department of Employment denied work permits to Marc Hottiger (who agreed to move from Newcastle United to Everton) and Ilie Dumitrescu (who agreed to move from Tottenham Hotspur to West Ham). Crystal Palace appointed Dave Bassett manager, ending Steve Coppell's brief second stint. 10 February 1996: Newcastle United broke their transfer record with a £6.7-million move for Parma and Colombia striker Faustino Asprilla. 14 February 1996: Former Liverpool manager Bob Paisley died at 77, four years after announcing that he had","Bobby Charlton Division. He was the subject of \"This Is Your Life\" in 1969 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at The Sportsman's Club in central London. Charlton's emergence as the country's leading young football talent was completed when he was called up to join the England squad for a British Home Championship game against Scotland at Hampden Park on 19 April 1958, just over two months after he had survived the Munich air disaster. Charlton was handed his debut as England romped home 4–0, with the new player gaining even more admirers after scoring a magnificent thumping volley dispatched with","Michael Keane (footballer, born 1993) Michael Vincent Keane (born 11 January 1993) is an English professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for club Everton and the English national team. He began his career at Manchester United and was named as their Reserves Player of the Year in 2012, but was loaned out several times, latterly to Burnley who signed him on a permanent basis in January 2015. He was part of their team which won the 2015–16 Football League Championship prior to his transfer to Everton in 2017. Keane has represented the Republic of Ireland at under-17 and under-19","Steve Van Buren Stephen Wood Van Buren (December 28, 1920 − August 23, 2012) was an American football halfback who played professionally for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL) from 1944 to 1951. Regarded as a powerful and punishing runner with excellent speed, through eight NFL seasons he won four league rushing titles, including three straight from 1947 to 1949. At a time when teams played twelve games a year, he was the first NFL player to rush for over ten touchdowns in a season—a feat he accomplished three times—and the first to have multiple 1,000-yard rushing","Gary Speed Gunter in 2018, playing mainly as a left-side attacking midfielder. Speed was appointed manager of Sheffield United in 2010, but left the club after a few months in December 2010 to manage the Wales national team, remaining in this role until his death 11 months later. Rarely troubled by injury or suspension, he held the record for the most appearances in the Premier League at 535, until it was surpassed by David James. At the time of his death, only James and Ryan Giggs had played in more Premier League matches than Speed. Including appearances in The Football League and","Ian Thompstone He received a call-up to the first team for a match against Middlesbrough in April 1988, when several senior players were unavailable due to injury. Thompstone was named as a substitute. He replaced Trevor Morley in the second half, and scored with his second touch of the ball. The goal made him the youngest known goalscorer in club history, aged 17 years and 82 days. The record stood until January 2013, when it was broken by Marcos Lopes. As Lopes' goal came in an FA Cup match, Thompstone's goal remains a record for a Manchester City player in a Football","Bob Stokoe Robert Stokoe (21 September 1930 – 1 February 2004) was an English footballer and manager who was able, almost uniquely, to transcend the traditional north-east rivalry between the region's footballing giants, Newcastle United and Sunderland. As a player, he won an FA Cup winner's medal with Newcastle in 1955 and in 1973 was manager of Sunderland in their famous victory over Leeds United. Born in Mickley, near Prudhoe, Northumberland, the son of a miner, Stokoe began his footballing career at Newcastle United, signing for them as an apprentice in 1947 and playing the first of 261 games, usually","Johan Cruyff moves in modern football. He was the first player to win the Ballon d'Or three times, in 1971, 1973 and 1974. His world record move from Ajax to Barcelona in 1973 made him the first player to cost more than two million US dollars. In 1999, Cruyff was voted European Player of the Century in an election held by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS), and came second behind Pelé in their World Player of the Century poll. He came third in a vote organised by the French magazine \"France Football\" consulting their former Ballon d'Or winners","Leo Noe Leopold Noé (born August 1953) is a British multimillionaire property investor. His net worth is at least £600 million according to the 2018 Sunday Times Rich List. He is 38th in the 2018 Sunday Times Giving List, the annual ranking of the UK's most generous millionaires. Leopold Noé was born in August 1953. He is the son of fellow property developer Salomon Noé (sometimes Solomon Noé, born December 1930). Noé is executive chairman and founder of the Noé Group and latterly non-executive chairman of BMO Real Estate Partners. The Noé Group announced its first deal in December 2017,","Phil Thompson Philip Bernard Thompson (born 21 January 1954) is an English retired footballer, who played as a defender for Liverpool team of the 1970s and 1980s. During this time, he also represented the England national football team on 42 occasions, and captained England on six occasions. After retiring as a player, he later served Liverpool as assistant manager and, during the 2001–02 season, acted as caretaker for 6 months while manager Gérard Houllier was ill. He is currently a pundit on Soccer Saturday on Sky Sports, does on and off work as a pundit for TV 2 (Norway), and","players and \" Source: Newcastle United F.C. Newcastle United F.C. Newcastle United Football Club is an English professional association football club based in Newcastle upon Tyne, that plays in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. Newcastle United was founded in 1892 by the merger of Newcastle East End and Newcastle West End, and has played at its current home ground, St James' Park, ever since. The ground was developed into an all-seater stadium in the mid-1990s and has a capacity of 52,354. The club has been a member of the Premier League for all but three years","Didier Drogba Africa Cup of Nations in 2006 and 2012, but were beaten on penalties on both occasions. On 8 August 2014, he announced his retirement from international football. In 2018, Drogba retired from professional football at the age of 40.. Afterwards, on December 11th, he became Vice President of the international organization Peace and Sport. Drogba was born in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, and at the age of five was sent to France by his parents to live with his uncle, Michel Goba, a professional footballer. However, Drogba soon became homesick and returned to Abidjan after three years. His mother nicknamed him","The song lyrics were written to the tune of Leonard Cohen's \"Hallelujah\". Middlesbrough manager Gareth Southgate embraced the tune as a way of raising money for his chosen charity, Macmillan Cancer Support. Leonard Cohen gave permission for the song to be released as a charity download single. Viduka has been a member of Melbourne City FC since its inaugural season. He is affectionately referred to by his nicknames \"V-Bomber\" and \"Big Dukes\" in Australia. International goals Mark Viduka Mark Anthony Viduka ( ; born 9 October 1975) is an Australian retired footballer who played as a centre forward. He captained","Graeme Souness Graeme James Souness (; born 6 May 1953) is a retired Scottish professional football player and manager, who played as a midfielder. Souness is now one of the most prominent television football pundits in the UK and Ireland, most notably through his work for Sky Sports. Souness was the captain of the successful Liverpool team of the early 1980s, player-manager of Rangers in the late 1980s and captain of the Scotland national team. He also played for Tottenham Hotspur, Middlesbrough and Sampdoria. Souness' managerial career began when he joined Rangers, leading them to three Scottish titles and four","Joe Cole seven seasons at Chelsea, playing over 280 games in all competitions and winning seven trophies, including three Premier League titles, two FA Cups and a League Cup. He left Chelsea on a free transfer in July 2010 to join Liverpool, who a year later loaned him to Lille. After a season in France, he returned to Liverpool before re-joining West Ham in January 2013. He signed for Aston Villa in June 2014, then joined Coventry City on loan in October 2015, joining on a permanent deal in January 2016. This was to be his last club in England. Capped by","Stan Collymore Stanley Victor Collymore (born 22 January 1971) is an English former footballer who played as a centre-forward from 1990 to 2001. He held the English transfer record when he moved from Nottingham Forest to Liverpool for £8.5 million in 1995 and was capped three times at senior level by the England national football team. He is currently a football pundit. Collymore was born in Stone, Staffordshire to a Barbadian father and English mother.. As a young boy he supported Aston Villa. A centre forward, Collymore played junior football for Cannock Peelers and Penkridge Juniors before starting his career","Truth.\" Paul Pierce Paul Anthony Pierce (born October 13, 1977) is an American former professional basketball player who played 19 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Pierce was a high school McDonald's All-American and earned consensus first-team All-America honors in his junior year at Kansas. Pierce spent the first fifteen years of his career with the Boston Celtics, who drafted him with the 10th overall pick in the 1998 NBA draft. He starred as captain of the Celtics, earning ten All-Star nods and becoming a four-time All-NBA team member. After nine seasons of leading the Celtics as their sole","Edgar Davids Edgar Steven Davids (; born 13 March 1973) is a Dutch former professional footballer. After beginning his career with Ajax, winning several domestic and international titles, he subsequently played in Italy for Milan, and later enjoyed a successful spell with Juventus, before being loaned out to Barcelona in 2004. He went on to play for Inter Milan and Tottenham Hotspur before returning to Ajax. Having struggled with injuries for two years, Davids returned to competitive football during a brief spell with Crystal Palace before retiring at the age of 37. In 2012, he was appointed player-manager at the","John Riggins Robert John Riggins (born August 4, 1949), nicknamed \"The Diesel\" and \"Riggo\", is a former American football running back who played professionally in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Jets and Washington Redskins. He was known for his powerful running style and productivity well into the latter years of his career; in 1983 at age 34, he rushed for an NFL single-season record 24 touchdowns, and again led the league in rushing touchdowns the following season at age 35. Although he had only one Pro Bowl appearance in his career, Riggins had his greatest success","Albert Johanneson Albert Louis Johanneson (13 March 1940 – 28 September 1995) was a South African professional footballer who was one of the first high-profile black men, of any nationality, to play top-flight football in England. He is recognised as being the first person of African heritage to play in the FA Cup final. Johanneson, a skilful and swift left winger, was recommended to Leeds United by a South African schoolteacher and joined the club in April 1961. He stayed there for nine years working diligently at his game, and by the 1963–64 season had established himself as a powerful","Paul Runge (umpire) Paul Edward Runge (born October 20, 1940 in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada) is a former umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the National League from 1973 to 1997. He is the most accomplished member of the only three-generation umpiring family in major league history; his father Ed was an American League umpire from 1954 to 1970, and his son Brian was a major league umpire from 1999 to 2012. Paul Runge wore number 17 on his jacket and shirt sleeve for most of his 25 year umpiring career. Paul Runge graduated from Arizona State University,","Death of Nicky Verstappen Nicky Verstappen (13 March 1987 – 10 or 11 August 1998) was a Dutch boy who, aged 11, disappeared on the morning of 10 August 1998 from a summer camp he was attending in Brunssum, Limburg. His body was found on the evening of 11 August, away in nearby Landgraaf. Despite extensive investigation, the case remained unsolved for twenty years. On 26 August 2018, a 55-year-old man was arrested in Spain when DNA from his belongings and relatives matched samples taken from Verstappen's clothing, following the largest DNA-harvesting operation in Dutch history. On Saturday, 8 August","May 2017, before this arrangement was ended three months later. After retiring, he became a regular for the Liverpool Masters team. Source: John Durnin John Paul Durnin (born 18 August 1965) is an English former footballer who scored 100 goals in 475 league appearances over a career spanning close to two decades. He began his career at Liverpool in 1986, but made just three minor cup appearances for the first team before he was allowed to join Oxford United for a £225,000 fee in February 1989, having previously gained experience on loan at West Bromwich Albion. He spent four years","Michael Obafemi Michael Oluwadurotimi Obafemi (born 6 July 2000) is an Irish professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Southampton. Obafemi was born in Dublin to Nigerian parents but was raised in the London area, He joined Southampton from Leyton Orient in 2016. Obafemi made his professional debut as a substitute in the 82nd minute of a 1–1 draw with Tottenham Hotspur on 21 January 2018. Aged 17 years and 199 days, Obafemi became the second youngest player to make a Premier League appearance for Southampton after Luke Shaw, who was 17 years and 116 days old. Obafemi was","courier firm. George Switzer George Switzer (born 13 October 1973) is an English former footballer most famous for being part of Manchester United's 1992 FA Youth Cup-winning team. A left-back, Switzer played for Darlington, Hyde United, Salford City, Irlam and AFC Monton before his retirement in 2013. Born in Salford, Greater Manchester, Switzer began his career as a youth player at Manchester United, having joined the club in 1982 after being spotted playing for the local Barrhill Lads Club when he was only eight years old. Switzer was part of the United youth team that won the FA Youth Cup","Steve McMahon Stephen Joseph McMahon (born 20 August 1961) is an English former professional footballer, manager and current television pundit. As a player, he was a midfielder from 1979 to 1998, most notably played for Liverpool in the late 1980s. McMahon was placed in 42nd position in the '100 Players Who Shook The Kop' poll, which asked Red supporters to name the best 100 Liverpool players of all time. He also played for Everton, Aston Villa and Manchester City. After his playing career ended, he began his coaching and managing career with Swindon Town, and later managed Blackpool, winning a","long term impact of CTE - Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. He died on April 5, 2016. Frank Wainright Frank Wesley Wainright (October 10, 1967 – April 5, 2016) was a professional American football tight end in the National Football League for ten seasons for the New Orleans Saints, Philadelphia Eagles, Miami Dolphins, and Baltimore Ravens. He played high school his freshman through junior year at Peoria Heights High School. He played college football at the University of Northern Colorado and was drafted in the eighth round of the 1991 NFL Draft. Wainright was on the 2000 Super Bowl winning Ravens team.","George Eastham George Edward Eastham, OBE (born 23 September 1936) is an English former footballer. He is known for playing for Newcastle United, Arsenal and Stoke City, as well as a non-playing member of England's 1966 World Cup-winning squad. However, he is also notable for his involvement in a 1963 court case which proved a landmark in improving players' freedom to move between clubs. Eastham began his career with Northern Irish side Ards before moving back to England with Newcastle United in 1956. He became a fine Inside forward for the \"Magpies\" but then shocked the club by demanding a","Timeline of association football corruption scandal. 18 members of the Zambia national team die in a plane crash. Manchester United win the first FA Premier League title. Brian Clough retires from his coaching role in Nottingham Forest after 18 years as coach. The 1994 World Cup held in the United States was the first to be decided on penalties, with Brazil edging out Italy in the final at the Rose Bowl to claim their fourth title. Russia's Oleg Salenko becomes the first player and only to this day to score five goals in a single World Cup game in his country's 6–1 win over","Bob Griese Robert Allen Griese (pronounced ; born February 3, 1945) is a former American football quarterback who earned All-American honors with the Purdue Boilermakers before being drafted in 1967 by the American Football League's Miami Dolphins. Griese led the Dolphins to three consecutive Super Bowl appearances, including two Super Bowl victories in VII and VIII (three straight appearances with two victories is unmatched by any other team, let alone any single quarterback). Griese was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame and the Indiana Football Hall of Fame in 1984 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in","he scored 158 goals in nearly 400 League appearances. For Birmingham his record was 127 goals in 278 games in all competitions, which ranks him third , behind Joe Bradford and Trevor Francis, in their all-time scoring charts. Murphy died in Coventry in 1975 at the age of 53. Tottenham Hotspur Birmingham City General Specific Peter Murphy (footballer, born 1922) Peter Murphy (7 March 1922 – 7 April 1975), often referred to as Spud Murphy, was an English footballer who played as an inside left. He played professionally for three clubs, Coventry City, Tottenham Hotspur and Birmingham City. He is","Mark Viduka other members of the squad. Viduka was not selected in the final squad for the 2010 World Cup, having retired from football a year previously. Melbourne Knights Dinamo Zagreb Celtic Australia U20 Viduka and his wife Ivana have three sons together: Joseph (born November 2002), Lucas (born September 2006) and Oliver (born May 2008). His father Joe was from Croatia, from where he emigrated to Australia in the 1960s. Luka Modrić is his cousin. Viduka had a song written about him by English singer/songwriter and Middlesbrough fan Alistair Griffin (who also previously co-wrote the football song recorded by Terry Venables).","Age fraud in association football methods in its age group competitions in 2000. Dave Bowler, author of \"Winning Isn't Everything: Biography of Sir Alf Ramsey\", claims that Englishman Alf Ramsey forged documents so that his date of birth changed from 1920 to 1922. Bowler alleges that Ramsey feared that come the end of the Second World War, he would be considered too old to be offered a professional contract. Matt Brown of Sherington Veterans claimed to be 37. this was found to be false as be had doctored his birth certificate and was in fact 42. In the scandal known as the Cachirules, all of","Joe Allon Joseph Ball Allon (born 12 November 1966) is an English former footballer. A striker, he scored 135 goals in 361 league and cup games in a 14-year career in the English Football League. Starting his career with Newcastle United in 1984, he failed to break into the first team and moved on to Swansea City three years later. After a season with the \"Swans\" he signed with Hartlepool United. After scoring 50 league goals for the club he transferred to Chelsea in 1991. After a season with Chelsea, including a loan spell with Port Vale, he joined Brentford.","by sportswear company Nike, and appeared in commercials for the brand. In a global advertising campaign in the run-up to the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan, he starred in a \"Secret Tournament\" commercial (branded \"Scopion KO\") directed by Terry Gilliam, appearing alongside footballers such as Luís Figo, Thierry Henry, Hidetoshi Nakata, Roberto Carlos, Ronaldinho, Ronaldo and Francesco Totti, with former player Eric Cantona the tournament \"referee\". River Plate Sevilla Real Madrid Benfica Olympiacos Argentina Javier Saviola Javier Pedro Saviola Fernández (; born 11 December 1981) is an Argentine retired professional footballer who played as a forward. Known for","House. She is currently the President & CEO of Bikram's Yoga College of India, L.P. & Bikram, Inc., the international chain of the original hot yoga studios. They share their residence with son George Lawrence Starke, IV and the family dog Coconut. George Starke George Lawrence Starke (born July 18, 1948) is a former American football offensive lineman who played for the Washington Redskins in the National Football League (NFL) from 1972-84. After graduating from Columbia College, Starke was drafted by the Washington Redskins and appeared with the Redskins in two Super Bowls 1982 and 1983, helping them win Super","Chris Paul City\". In 2017, he was traded to the Houston Rockets, and helped the team win a franchise-record 65 games in his debut season. Off the court, Paul has served as the National Basketball Players Association president since August 2013. One of the highest-paid athletes in the world, he holds endorsement deals with companies such as Nike and State Farm. Paul was born on May 6, 1985, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina to Charles Edward Paul and Robin Jones. He has an older brother named Charles \"C.J.\" Paul. A former athlete himself, Charles Sr. taught his sons basketball and football and coached","Ally McCoist Alistair Murdoch McCoist, (; 24 September 1962) is a former Scottish footballer, who has since worked as a manager, pundit and actor. McCoist began his playing career with Scottish club St Johnstone before moving to English side Sunderland in 1981. He returned to Scotland two years later and signed with Rangers. McCoist had a highly successful spell with Rangers, becoming the club's record goalscorer and winning nine successive league championships between 1988–89 and 1996–97. He later played for Kilmarnock. McCoist was inducted into the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame in 2007. He is also a member of the","his trial, Flounders announced that she and Johnson had separated, claiming that he had confessed to infidelity with other women. Manchester City Individual Adam Johnson (footballer) Adam Johnson (born 14 July 1987) is an English professional footballer, who plays as a winger, and convicted sex offender. A product of the Middlesbrough youth academy, he came to prominence after making his debut aged 17 in a UEFA Cup match. He made 120 appearances for Middlesbrough, also spending time on loan at Leeds United and Watford. In February 2010 he moved to Manchester City, where he won the FA Cup in 2011","Wayne Rooney's original transfer to Manchester United was provoked by Newcastle's apparent interest in the player. Paul Stretford Paul Stretford is an English football agent. In 1987, he founded Proactive Sports Management, renamed Formation Group in 2004, which went on to represent, amongst others, England footballer and also step father to the England International Wayne Rooney. In 2010 Rooney revealed as part of his evidence during a court case that Stretford received 20% of his off-field earnings, an amount the player regarded as being fair. Stretford has frequently been embroiled in legal disputes and his methods have been criticised. As","died on 9 May 2013, in a Harare private hospital called Avenues Clinic in Zimbabwe. Paul Mkondo was the first African insurance executive to be recognised with Life Million Dollar Roundtable International. Paul Mkondo was the first pioneering African Indigenous Businessman in Rhodesia to own a Night Club, and also the First African International Music Promoter In Highfields in the 60s. The protagonist, Simbai Muhondo, in Samuel Chimsoro's novel 'Nothing is impossible' is based on Mkondo's biography. 'Money and Life' (Unpublished Autobiography - Expected Book Launch in 2020). Paul Tangi Mhova Mkondo Paul Tangi Mhova Mkondo (23 December 1945 –","Sade (band) Sade ( ) are an English band, formed in London in 1982 and named after their lead singer, Sade Adu. Three of their members were originally from Hull in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Their music features elements of soul, quiet storm, smooth jazz and sophisti-pop. The band's debut studio album, \"Diamond Life\" (1984), reached number two on the UK Album Chart, selling over 1.2 million copies and won the Brit Award for Best British Album in 1985. The album was also a hit internationally, reaching number one in several countries and within the top-ten in the United","Paul Ranheim Paul Stephen Ranheim (born January 25, 1966 in St. Louis, Missouri and raised in Edina, Minnesota) is an American former professional ice hockey forward who played 15 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Calgary Flames, Hartford Whalers, Carolina Hurricanes, Philadelphia Flyers and Phoenix Coyotes. He was a second round selection, 38th overall, at the 1984 NHL Entry Draft and played 1,013 games between 1988 and 2003. Internationally, he played with Team USA; He played in three World Championships and was a member of the bronze-medal winning squad at the 1986 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.","Oscar Pistorius Oscar Leonard Carl Pistorius (; ; born 22 November 1986) is a South African former sprint runner who was convicted of the culpable homicide of his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp in 2013. Both of Pistorius' feet had been amputated when he was 11 months old due to a congenital defect. When he was born he was missing the outside of both feet along with both fibula bones in his legs. Pistorius ran in both non-disabled sprint events and in sprint events for below-knee amputees. He was the tenth athlete to compete at both the Paralympic Games and Olympic Games.","31 January. Raimond van der Gouw joined United from Vitesse Arnhem on 25 June 1996. 1995–96 Manchester United F.C. season The 1995–96 season was Manchester United's fourth season in the Premier League, and their 21st consecutive season in the top division of English football. United finished the season by becoming the first English team to win the Double (league title and FA Cup) twice. Their triumph was made all the more remarkable by the fact that Alex Ferguson had sold experienced players Paul Ince, Mark Hughes and Andrei Kanchelskis before the start of the season, and not made any major","Paul Pogba UEFA Champions League Final, their first in 12 years. Pogba's performances at Juventus allowed him to return to Manchester United in 2016 for a then-world record transfer fee of €105 million (£89.3 million). The fee paid for him remains the highest paid by an English club. In his first season back, he won the League Cup and the Europa League. Internationally, he captained France to victory at the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup and took home the award for the Best Player for his performances during the tournament. He made his debut for the senior team a year later, and","(\"née\" Morrey) and Thomas Wayne Rooney. He is of Irish descent and was brought up as a Roman Catholic with younger brothers Graham and John; all three attended Our Lady and St Swithin's primary school and De La Salle School. He grew up supporting Everton. He admired Brazilian striker Ronaldo with Rooney stating “as an out-and-out forward he was probably the best.“ Rooney began playing for Liverpool Schoolboys and scored 72 goals in one season, a record which stood until May 2010. At age nine, Rooney played for Copplehouse boys' club in the local Walton and Kirkdale junior league and","Hugo Rodallega in a loan move to Atlas before being transferred to Necaxa in 2007. In January 2009, he moved to Wigan Athletic for a fee of £4.5 million. After initially struggling at the club, he finished as the club's top goalscorer in his first full Premier League season. He scored 24 goals for the club, making him their all-time leading Premier League goalscorer. Rodallega was born in El Carmelo, Colombia, and lived in the village with his parents and two elder sisters. Rodallega and his wife Carolina have a son, also named Hugo. His cousin Carmen is also a footballer, and","England national football team The England national football team represents England in international football and is controlled by The Football Association, the governing body for football in England. England is one of the two oldest national teams in football, alongside Scotland, whom they played in the world's first international football match in 1872. England's home ground is Wembley Stadium, London, and their headquarters are at St George's Park, Burton upon Trent. The team's manager is Gareth Southgate. Although part of the United Kingdom, England's representative side plays in major professional tournaments, but not the Olympic Games. Since first entering the","Richard Dent Richard Lamar Dent (born December 13, 1960) is a former American football defensive end, who played primarily for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He was the MVP of Super Bowl XX. He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2011. After graduating in 1983, and playing four years at Tennessee State University, Dent was drafted in the eighth round by the Bears, with 203rd overall pick in the 1983 NFL Draft. At 6 ft 5 in, , Dent was a great pass rusher who beat offensive tackles with his speed. He","Roy Wegerle Roy Wegerle (born March 19, 1964) is a former United States international soccer player who appeared for the national team 41 times between 1992 and 1998. Born and raised in South Africa, he was naturalized as a U.S. citizen in 1991. Since retiring from soccer he has become a professional golfer. As a soccer player, Wegerle was a striker from 1984 until 1998. He notably played in the English Premier League for Queens Park Rangers, Blackburn Rovers and Coventry City, and in the Football League for Chelsea, Swindon Town and Luton Town. He made appearances in the United","director. In 1978, the Tampa Bay Rowdies of the North American Soccer League (NASL) drafted Perry Van der Beck out of St. Thomas Aquinas High School in Florissant, Missouri. At the time he was the youngest native born American playing professional soccer. He was also the first American ever drafted out of high school. Despite his youth and relative inexperience when he joined the Rowdies, he gradually worked himself into becoming a significant contributor to the team. At the time, the Rowdies were a top tier team in the NASL. In both 1978 and 1979, they made it to the","1982–83 in English football The 1982–83 season was the 103rd season of competitive football in England. 11 August 1982: Tottenham Hotspur pay Bristol Rovers £105,000 for defender Gary Mabbutt, who turns 21 later this month. 19 August 1982: Newcastle United pay Southampton £100,000 for Kevin Keegan. 24 August 1982: The Shankly Gates are unveiled at Anfield, honouring former Liverpool manager Bill Shankly almost a year after his death. 25 August 1982: Arsenal sign 22-year-old striker Lee Chapman from Stoke City for £500,000. 26 August 1982: Bob Paisley announces that this season as Liverpool manager (his ninth in charge) will be","Paul McKenna (footballer) Paul Stephen McKenna (born 20 October 1977) is an English former professional footballer. Born in Eccleston, Lancashire, after making his debut in 1997 he soon became a fixture in the Preston North End first team. His appearance tally was 427 at the end of the 2007–08 season. This puts him at number nine in the all-time record appearances for the club. He has worn the number 16 shirt since squad numbers were adopted by the Football League. The 2006–07 season ended in disappointment for the Chorley-born player, not only at missing out on the Play-offs but at","Ian Rush Ian James Rush, (born 20 October 1961) is a Welsh former professional footballer who played as a forward. At club level Rush played for Liverpool from 1980–1987 and 1988–1996. He is the club's all-time leading goalscorer, having scored a total of 346 goals in all competitions at the club, including a record 25 goals versus Merseyside derby rival Everton. At international level, Rush made 73 appearances for the Wales national football team and remained the record goalscorer for his country until 2018, with 28 goals between 1980 and 1996. Regarded as one of the greatest ever Liverpool players,","Nobby Stiles gong. Stiles has been married to his wife Kay Giles since June 1963. His wife is a sister of Johnny Giles and they were introduced to each other around the time they were teammates at Manchester United. They live in Manchester and have three children. Stiles' son John was also a footballer, playing for Shamrock Rovers and Leeds United in the early 1980s. In 2003, Stiles released his autobiography, \"After the Ball\", and in 2007, he was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame. Stiles' FIFA World Cup medal and a European Cup medal were bought by Manchester United","Mark Schwarzer times. Schwarzer joined then-second tier side Bradford City in 1996 and made 16 appearances before joining Premier League club Middlesbrough in February 1997. He made 445 appearances for Middlesbrough, but decided to leave the club in May 2008. He then switched to Premier League side Fulham, and made 218 appearances for the club until he moved to Chelsea in 2013. He was the first – and, to date, only – non-Brit to have made more than 500 Premier League appearances (making him the highest-appearing non-Brit in the Premier League's history), and also the oldest player to have played in the","1989–90 in English football from Newcastle United for Crystal Palace for £650,000. 6 December 1989 – Chelsea bolster their title challenge with a £300,000 move for Bayern Munich and Norway defender Erland Johnsen. Howard Kendall is confirmed as the new Manchester City manager. 10 December 1989 – Roy Wegerle, the American international striker, joins Queens Park Rangers from Luton Town for a club record £1million. 19 December 1989 – 18–year–old Trinidadian striker Dwight Yorke signs for Aston Villa. 26 December 1989 - Tottenham win 3–1 over Millwall at White Hart Lane: goals from Spurs' Vinny Samways and Gary Lineker coming either side of an","Gary Lineker and scoring 48 goals over an eight-year international career, and is England's third highest scorer, behind Bobby Charlton and Wayne Rooney. His international goals-to-games ratio remains one of the best for the country and he is regarded as one of the all-time best English strikers. He was top scorer in the 1986 World Cup and received the Golden Boot, the only time an Englishman had done so until Harry Kane in the 2018 World Cup. He is also the only player to have been the top scorer in England with three clubs (Leicester City, Everton and Tottenham Hotspur). Even though","Paul Canoville Paul Kenneth Canoville (born 4 March 1962) is an English former professional footballer. He was signed by Chelsea from Hillingdon Borough in 1981, and went on to win the Second Division title with the club in 1983–84. However, he was more notable as the first black player to play for Chelsea, and for the negative reception he received from the racist elements of Chelsea supporters. He was sold to Reading for £60,000 in August 1986, before retiring from the professional game due to a serious knee injury the following year. He later had spells with non-league clubs Enfield,","Riddick Bowe Riddick Lamont Bowe (born August 10, 1967) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1989 to 1996 and from 2004 to 2008. He reigned as the undisputed world heavyweight champion in 1992, and as an amateur he won a silver medal in the super heavyweight division at the 1988 Summer Olympics. After turning professional in 1989, Bowe went on to become a two-time world heavyweight champion. In 1992 he won the undisputed WBA, WBC, and IBF titles by defeating then-unbeaten former undisputed cruiserweight champion Evander Holyfield. That same year, Bowe was named Fighter of the Year","to mark 100 years since the founding of the world governing body of football. Billy Bingham William Laurence Bingham, MBE (born 5 August 1931) is a former Northern Ireland international footballer and football manager. As a player, his first professional club was Glentoran, whom he played for between 1948 and 1950. Making the move to England, he then spent eight years with Sunderland, making 227 appearances. In 1958 he switched to Luton Town, making close to 100 league appearances in a three-year spell. This was followed by a two-year association with Everton, where he again went close to 100 league","Frank Lampard (footballer, born 1948) 33. Lampard started for the youth team of West Ham United in 1964. He debuted for West Ham United in November 1967 in a 3-2 home defeat by Manchester City, and quickly established himself in his preferred left-back position. At club level, he won two FA Cups with West Ham, in 1975 and 1980, and the old second division title in 1981. By the time he left the club on a free transfer at the end of the 1984–85 season, Lampard had played 660 games, scored 22 goals and become one of the most celebrated players ever to pull on","almost did not attend his induction ceremony. , or Retrosheet Paul Molitor Paul Leo Molitor (born August 22, 1956), nicknamed \"Molly\" and \"The Ignitor\", is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) player and former manager of the Minnesota Twins, who is in the Baseball Hall of Fame. During his 21-year baseball career, he played for the Milwaukee Brewers (1978–92), Toronto Blue Jays (1993–95), and Minnesota Twins (1996–98). He was known for his exceptional hitting and speed. He made seven All-Star Game appearances, and was the World Series MVP in 1993. Molitor grew up in Minnesota and attended the University","1993–94 in English football with Bayern Munich at Carrow Road, which ends in a 1–1 draw. 4 May 1994: Michael Duberry, 17-year-old defender, played in Chelsea's final Premier League game of the season – a 2–1 home defeat by Coventry City. Even with the 7–1 victory over San Marino (in which Davide Gualtieri scores the fastest goal in FIFA World Cup qualification history). England fail to qualify for the finals of the 1994 World Cup and manager Graham Taylor resigns within days of the failure. Terry Venables is appointed as his replacement. The second season of the Premier League saw Manchester United retain their","to \"Gary\", is a prevalent form of rhyming slang for \"tablet\" (specifically ecstasy tablets) used in the city of Liverpool. Liverpool Everton Gary Ablett (English footballer) Gareth Ian \"Gary\" Ablett (19 November 1965 – 1 January 2012) was an English professional footballer and manager. He played as a defender from 1985 until 2001. He spent nine years with Liverpool, and went on to win the FA Cup with their city rivals Everton in 1995. He also played for Derby County, Hull City, Sheffield United, Birmingham City, Wycombe Wanderers, Blackpool and Long Island Rough Riders. He moved into coaching and managed","Heart after being hit in the nose and back by shrapnel during a Japanese kamikaze attack. Paul Briggs (American football) Paul Leonard Briggs (April 18, 1920 – February 14, 2011) was an American football tackle who played one season with the Detroit Lions of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Detroit Lions in the seventh round of the 1944 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Colorado and attended Grand Junction High School in Grand Junction, Colorado. Briggs was the head football coach of Bakersfield High School in Bakersfield, California from 1953 to 1985.","Paul Stretford Clube de Portugal to Manchester United for £12.24 million in the same year. Formation were pursuing Gestifute for what they claimed were unshared fees on subsequent deals. Proactive Sports Management was floated on the London Stock Exchange in 2001 with a valuation of more than £30 million. The list of the company's shareholders was later described as \"a Who's Who of the footballing fraternity\", and included the managers and former players Bobby Robson, Kenny Dalglish, Kevin Keegan, Graeme Souness and Peter Reid. In 2008 the company was reported to have 130 employees. In 2004 Stretford was paid a reported £1.5","Idris Kanu Idris Kanu (born 5 December 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for League Two club Port Vale, on loan from League One side Peterborough United. He began playing football with West Ham United at the age of 11 and spent six years with the club. He signed for Aldershot Town in October 2016 and at the age of 16 became the club's youngest ever player and goalscorer in league competitions. He joined Peterborough United for an undisclosed fee in August 2017, from where he was loaned out to Port Vale for the 2018–19","when he moved from Featherstone Rovers in 1993 (based on increases in average earnings, this would be approximately £486,900 in 2013). The transfer of Paul Newlove to St. Helens from the Bradford Bulls is still one of the most expensive rugby league transfers. He played for Great Britain while at Bradford Northern in 1993 against New Zealand (3 matches), in 1994 against France, Australia, and Australia (sub), while at St. Helens in 1997 against Australia (SL) (3 matches), and in 1998 against New Zealand. He played for England while at Bradford Northern in 1995 against Wales, Australia (2 matches), Fiji,","Paul Naumoff Paul Peter Naumoff (July 3, 1945 – August 17, 2018) was an American football player. He played college football at the University of Tennessee from 1964 to 1966 and was selected as a consensus first-team All-American at the linebacker position in 1966. He played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) as a linebacker for the Detroit Lions from 1967 to 1978. He was selected to play in the Pro Bowl after the 1970 season and was named the Lions' defensive most valuable player in 1975. He once played in 142 consecutive games for the Lions and","was Irish and available to play for the national side, despite being in fine form for Reading. Leeds United Levante Reading AFC Bournemouth Individual Ian Harte Ian Patrick Harte (born 31 August 1977) is a football agent and a retired Irish footballer who played as a defender and was best known for his ability to score goals from long range, including being a free kick specialist. He began his career at Leeds United making 288 official appearances across nine seasons. Following their relegation and financial difficulties in 2004 he joined La Liga team Levante. He returned to England in 2007,","the senior side. David Unsworth David Gerald Unsworth (born 16 October 1973) is an English former professional footballer and was formerly Everton caretaker manager. As a player, Unsworth played as a centre-back or left-back from 1991 until 2009. Unsworth is best remembered for his time at Everton during the 1990s, where he was part of their FA Cup-winning team of 1995 and acquired the nickname \"\"Rhino\"\". He earned one full England cap in 1995. He also played in the Premier League for West Ham United, Portsmouth, Sheffield United and Wigan Athletic, and in the Football League for Ipswich Town, Burnley","Abedi Pele Abedi Ayew ( ; born 5 November 1964), known professionally as Abedi Pele, is a Ghanaian former footballer who played as an attacking midfielder and who served as captain of the Ghana national team. He is regarded as one of the greatest African footballers of all-time. He played for several European clubs and found his fame in the French Ligue 1 with Lille and Marseille, the latter where he won the UEFA Champions League in 1993, among other titles. Three of his sons, Ibrahim, André and Jordan, have also become internationals for Ghana; Ibrahim and André were selected","Michael Tonge City in August 2008 for £2 million. He struggled to break into the first team at Stoke, however, and was sent out on loan to Championship teams Preston North End (twice), Derby County, Barnsley and Leeds United. He joined Leeds on a permanent basis in January 2013. He joined Millwall on loan in January 2015, before he was released from Leeds in May 2015. He signed with Stevenage five months later and was voted the club's Player of the Year for the 2015–16 season. After his 18-month spell ended he joined Port Vale in July 2017. Born in Manchester, Tonge","Peter Withe They advanced to Soccer Bowl '75, the League Championship, in San Jose, California on August 24, where they lost to the Tampa Bay Rowdies 2–0. Withe won the Football League First Division championship with Nottingham Forest but then left in 1978 to join Newcastle United, then in the Second Division for a transfer fee of £225,000. The Magpies were Withe's ninth club in less than eight years. Ron Saunders took him to Aston Villa on the eve of the 1980–81 season when the Birmingham club paid £500,000 on the 29-year-old striker, the club's record signing at the time. Withe scored","Rigobert Song Song was given a surprise call-up to Henri Michel's Cameroon squad for the 1994 World Cup, playing two group matches in the finals against Sweden and Brazil. He received a red card in the match against Brazil, becoming the youngest player ever to be sent off in a World Cup, aged 17. Led by ageless striker Roger Milla, the \"Indomitable Lions\" were knocked out in the group stage. The 24 years and 42 days age gap between Milla (42 years and 35 days) and 17-year-old future captain Song (17 years and 358 days) became (and remains) the largest between two","Ince-in-Makerfield Lancashire and in 1974 became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan. The name \"Ince\" may be of Cumbric origin and derived from \"ïnïs\", meaning 'island' or, as is likely in this case, 'dry land' (Welsh \"ynys\"). The earliest mention of the Manor of Ince and the Ince family dates from 1202 at which point it was under the barony of Newton in Makerfield (Newton le Willows). There were three halls in Ince, both the Manor of Ince and the original hall on Warrington Road were held by a family of the same name who also owned the Manor of","Paul Trollope Paul Jonathan Trollope (born 3 June 1972) is a former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He is currently the assistant manager of Premier League club Brighton & Hove Albion. As a player, he began his career with Swindon Town in 1989, but made his name at Torquay United between 1992 and 1995. He then transferred to Derby County, before signing with Fulham in 1997. After five years he moved on to Northampton Town via Coventry City. He joined his final club, Bristol Rovers, in 2004, before retiring as a player in 2007. He played for Wales","Paul Moulden Paul Anthony Joseph Moulden (born 6 September 1967) is an English former footballer who played as a striker for Manchester City, A.F.C. Bournemouth, Oldham Athletic, Brighton & Hove Albion, Birmingham City, Huddersfield Town and Rochdale. Moulden was born in Farnworth, near Bolton, Lancashire. As a youth he entered the Guinness Book of Records by scoring 340 goals in a single season for Bolton Lads Club under-15s. He subsequently joined Manchester City, where he was a part of the team which won the 1986 FA Youth Cup. He made his first team debut on 1 January 1986 against Aston","History of Manchester United F.C. (1986–2013) After Eric Cantona's decision to stay with Manchester United, Internazionale turned their attention to United midfielder Paul Ince, who finally agreed to sign for the Italian giants for £7.5 million on 22 June 1995. The next day, the sale of striker Mark Hughes to Chelsea was announced. Shortly afterwards, unsettled winger and top scorer Andrei Kanchelskis was put on the transfer list, and was subsequently sold to Everton. Alex Ferguson came under intense pressure from media and fans for selling three key players after the disappointing end to the 1994–95 season, with the \"Manchester Evening News\" even conducting a survey","Paul Ince gave England the lead and helped them towards a 4–1 win; he also picked up a yellow card which rendered him unavailable for the quarter final against Spain, which England won on penalties. Venables put Ince back in the side for the semifinal against Germany, replacing the suspended Gary Neville as England switched systems to a back three, accommodating Ince in central midfield with Paul Gascoigne and David Platt. Ince and England played superbly but could only manage a 1–1 draw and England lost the penalty shoot-out. Ince received criticism for not taking a penalty (the crucial missed kick from","Tom Ince not initially made. After much negotiation, and with a decision by an independent tribunal looming, Hull and Blackpool settled in January 2015 on a figure of £1.6 million, rising to £2.3 million, dependant on appearances and if Hull avoided relegation. Due to the earlier sell-on clause Liverpool had negotiated with Blackpool, Liverpool received £560,000. Ince came on as a substitute in both legs of Hull's Europa League third qualifying round tie against Slovakian club AS Trenčín before making his league debut for the club on 16 August, playing 82 minutes of a 1–0 win away at Queens Park Rangers. He","West Ham United F.C. Under-23s and Academy Ham's youth academy produced many professional players. Notable Academy \"graduates\" during this time include Frank Lampard Sr. and (later Sir) Trevor Brooking, who both featured in the club's 1975 FA Cup win with a team composed solely of English players; no club since has repeated this accomplishment. Since 1973 the Academy has been managed by Tony Carr, himself a \"graduate\" but whose career was cut short by injury. Paul Ince played his first game for West Ham in 1986, and went on to win more trophies than any other Academy \"graduate\", albeit with Manchester United. In 1996, the reputation of","Paul Ince at Vicarage Road. Under Ince Blackpool made their best-ever start to a league season. Their victory at Bournemouth on 14 September 2013 gave them 16 points out of a possible 18, with five wins and a draw in their first six games. Following the game at Bournemouth Ince was given a five-match stadium ban by The Football Association for his conduct towards a match official in the tunnel after the game. The FA concluded that his behaviour had constituted violent conduct. He was also fined £4,000. Ince left Blackpool on 21 January 2014, after less than a year in charge,","Paul Ince and Tony Adams. England lost 2–0. Ince won his tenth England cap in a 3–0 win over Poland which kept alive their World Cup qualification hopes, though required a victory over the Netherlands in Rotterdam a month later. In a controversial match, Holland beat England 2–0 and qualification hopes had gone. Ince scored twice – his first and only international goals – as the qualifying campaign ended with a 7–1 thumping of San Marino in Bologna. England had needed to win by seven clear goals and hope the Netherlands lost to Poland. Neither occurred, and England failed to qualify. During","Paul Ince personal high point when he scored a late equaliser against Manchester United at Anfield and celebrated with some ferocity in front of the Kop, though it was not enough to deprive United of the Premier League title that formed part of their treble success. In the summer of 1999, however, Liverpool coach Gérard Houllier put Ince on the transfer list and the 31-year-old signed for Middlesbrough for £1 million. He linked up with his former teammate Bryan Robson, who had by then been manager of Boro for five years. As club captain, Ince played three seasons making 106 appearances with","Paul Ince Paul Emerson Carlyle Ince (; born 21 October 1967) is an English football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a midfielder from 1982 to 2007. Born in Ilford, London, Ince spent the majority of his playing career at the highest level; after leaving West Ham United he joined Manchester United where he played in the Premier League. After two years in Serie A with Internazionale he returned to England to play in the top flight for Liverpool, Middlesbrough and Wolverhampton Wanderers. After a spell as player-coach of Swindon Town, he retired from playing while player-manager"],"string":"[\n \"2011 and got married to her on 12 September 2015. They welcomed their first-born Devante on 7 January 2017. http://www.rsbc.org.uk/blogs/blind-footballer-and-paralympian-darren-harris-retires/ https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/west-bromwich-albion-fc/2015/10/21/albion-try-blind-and-power-chair-football/found-24-ts-20/ http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/health/sutton-coldfield-paralympian-how-sport-7053011 Darren Harris (Paralympian) Darren Harris (born 20 June 1973) is a dual Paralympian, and England's most capped and most decorated blind footballer. Outside of sports he is a number one bestselling author, motivational speaker and transformational coach. Darren Harris was born in Wolverhampton on 20 June 1973. Following a life-changing diagnosis of bilateral retinoblastoma by a Harley Street specialist aged 15 months, his sight deteriorated until he became completely blind in his 20's. Harris went to New College\",\n \"Donovan McNabb Donovan Jamal McNabb (born November 25, 1976) is an American former football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 13 seasons, primarily with the Philadelphia Eagles. Before his NFL career, he played football and basketball for Syracuse University. The Eagles selected him with the second overall pick in the 1999 NFL draft, and McNabb went on to play 11 seasons with the team, followed by a year each with the Washington Redskins and Minnesota Vikings. McNabb was the Eagles' starting quarterback from 1999 to 2009. During his tenure with the Eagles, he led the team\",\n \"Christmas Day, 2000 shortly after watching an NFL game between the Dallas Cowboys and Tennessee Titans. He was four days away from his 50th birthday. Gilliam was sober for three years prior to his death and able to attend the final Steelers game at Three Rivers Stadium. Gilliam's daughter is R&B singer Joi. His ex son-in-law is rapper Big Gipp of the Goodie Mob. Joe Gilliam Joseph Wiley Gilliam, Jr. (December 29, 1950December 25, 2000) was a professional football player, a quarterback with the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League for four seasons. Primarily a backup, he started the\",\n \"Ryan Giggs professional debut for the club in 1991 and spent the next 23 years in the Manchester United first team. At the end of the 2013–14 season, he was named as Manchester United's interim player-manager following the sacking of David Moyes. He was named as assistant manager under Moyes' permanent replacement, Louis van Gaal, on 19 May 2014; he retired from playing the same day. He holds the club record for competitive appearances. At international level, Giggs played for the Wales national team 64 times between 1991 and 2007, and was named as the captain of the Great Britain team that\",\n \"goals. After appearing in both the 1994 and 1995 Grand Finals, both losses, he ruptured a patella tendon which forced him into retirement. On October 30, 2015, Brown was injured in an assault in the Victorian town of Shepparton. He was hospitalised, suffering from a fractured skull and bleeding on the brain. An 18 year old man was charged with his assault. Paul Brown (Australian footballer) Paul Brown (born 6 May 1969) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong in the AFL during the 1990s. Geelong recruited Paul Brown from Echuca and he started his career with\",\n \"Jim and Mary McCartney James McCartney (7 July 1902 – 18 March 1976) and Mary Patricia McCartney (born Mohan; 29 September 1909 – 31 October 1956) were the parents of musician, author and artist Paul McCartney of the Beatles and Wings, and of the photographer and musician Mike McCartney (better known professionally as Mike McGear), who worked with the comedy rock trio the Scaffold. Like many families in Liverpool, the McCartney and Mohan families are of Irish descent. Jim worked for most of his life in the cotton trade, as well as playing in ragtime and jazz bands in Liverpool,\",\n \"on 18 October 1974, to Colin and Valerie Savage. He attended Ysgol Bryn Alyn in Gwersyllt, until he completed his GCSE studies in July 1991. On leaving school, Savage joined Manchester United as an apprentice. Savage and wife Sarah have two sons. In 2012, one of his sons, Charlie, was attached to Manchester United's youth academy. Robbie Savage's father was diagnosed with Pick's disease, a dementia-type illness, when he was in his mid-50s, and died in 2012. Savage is an ambassador for the dementia care and research charity the Alzheimer's Society. Savage had said in the future he would have\",\n \"Paul Tagliabue started a spring developmental league, the World League of American Football (WLAF), with seven teams in North America, plus three in Europe. The European teams dominated in 1991, the first season. After the second season, 1992, in which US-based teams played in the World Bowl, the World League was shut down as it was no success in the US. In 1995, the spring league returned as the NFL Europe with six teams in Europe. When Tagliabue retired, five teams were based in Germany. Tagliabue's successor Roger Goodell shut down the NFL Europe after the 2007 season. On the other hand,\",\n \"Brian McClair Brian John McClair (born 8 December 1963) is a Scottish former professional footballer. As a player, he was a forward from 1980 to 1998, notable for his near 11-year spell at Manchester United where he won 14 trophies including four Premier League titles, as well as important tenures at Scottish clubs Celtic and Motherwell. At Motherwell, he combined his football with studying mathematics at the University of Glasgow. He was nicknamed \\\"Choccy\\\", as his last name rhymed with the delicacy \\\"chocolate eclair\\\". McClair played in 30 international games for Scotland between 1986 and 1993, and was selected for\",\n \"cities\\\" that Thome has played. Jim Thome James Howard Thome (; born August 27, 1970) is an American former baseball player who played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), from 1991 to 2012. He played for six different teams, most notably the Cleveland Indians during the 1990s and early 2000s. A prolific power hitter, Thome hit 612 home runs during his career—the eighth-most all time—along with 2,328 hits, 1,699 runs batted in (RBIs), and a .276 batting average. He was a member of five All-Star teams and won a Silver Slugger Award in 1996. Thome grew up in Peoria,\",\n \"1995–96 in English football after he kicked a woman he kicked in the head during a Liverpool nightclub brawl. 8 February 1996: The Department of Employment denied work permits to Marc Hottiger (who agreed to move from Newcastle United to Everton) and Ilie Dumitrescu (who agreed to move from Tottenham Hotspur to West Ham). Crystal Palace appointed Dave Bassett manager, ending Steve Coppell's brief second stint. 10 February 1996: Newcastle United broke their transfer record with a £6.7-million move for Parma and Colombia striker Faustino Asprilla. 14 February 1996: Former Liverpool manager Bob Paisley died at 77, four years after announcing that he had\",\n \"Bobby Charlton Division. He was the subject of \\\"This Is Your Life\\\" in 1969 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at The Sportsman's Club in central London. Charlton's emergence as the country's leading young football talent was completed when he was called up to join the England squad for a British Home Championship game against Scotland at Hampden Park on 19 April 1958, just over two months after he had survived the Munich air disaster. Charlton was handed his debut as England romped home 4–0, with the new player gaining even more admirers after scoring a magnificent thumping volley dispatched with\",\n \"Michael Keane (footballer, born 1993) Michael Vincent Keane (born 11 January 1993) is an English professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for club Everton and the English national team. He began his career at Manchester United and was named as their Reserves Player of the Year in 2012, but was loaned out several times, latterly to Burnley who signed him on a permanent basis in January 2015. He was part of their team which won the 2015–16 Football League Championship prior to his transfer to Everton in 2017. Keane has represented the Republic of Ireland at under-17 and under-19\",\n \"Steve Van Buren Stephen Wood Van Buren (December 28, 1920 − August 23, 2012) was an American football halfback who played professionally for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL) from 1944 to 1951. Regarded as a powerful and punishing runner with excellent speed, through eight NFL seasons he won four league rushing titles, including three straight from 1947 to 1949. At a time when teams played twelve games a year, he was the first NFL player to rush for over ten touchdowns in a season—a feat he accomplished three times—and the first to have multiple 1,000-yard rushing\",\n \"Gary Speed Gunter in 2018, playing mainly as a left-side attacking midfielder. Speed was appointed manager of Sheffield United in 2010, but left the club after a few months in December 2010 to manage the Wales national team, remaining in this role until his death 11 months later. Rarely troubled by injury or suspension, he held the record for the most appearances in the Premier League at 535, until it was surpassed by David James. At the time of his death, only James and Ryan Giggs had played in more Premier League matches than Speed. Including appearances in The Football League and\",\n \"Ian Thompstone He received a call-up to the first team for a match against Middlesbrough in April 1988, when several senior players were unavailable due to injury. Thompstone was named as a substitute. He replaced Trevor Morley in the second half, and scored with his second touch of the ball. The goal made him the youngest known goalscorer in club history, aged 17 years and 82 days. The record stood until January 2013, when it was broken by Marcos Lopes. As Lopes' goal came in an FA Cup match, Thompstone's goal remains a record for a Manchester City player in a Football\",\n \"Bob Stokoe Robert Stokoe (21 September 1930 – 1 February 2004) was an English footballer and manager who was able, almost uniquely, to transcend the traditional north-east rivalry between the region's footballing giants, Newcastle United and Sunderland. As a player, he won an FA Cup winner's medal with Newcastle in 1955 and in 1973 was manager of Sunderland in their famous victory over Leeds United. Born in Mickley, near Prudhoe, Northumberland, the son of a miner, Stokoe began his footballing career at Newcastle United, signing for them as an apprentice in 1947 and playing the first of 261 games, usually\",\n \"Johan Cruyff moves in modern football. He was the first player to win the Ballon d'Or three times, in 1971, 1973 and 1974. His world record move from Ajax to Barcelona in 1973 made him the first player to cost more than two million US dollars. In 1999, Cruyff was voted European Player of the Century in an election held by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS), and came second behind Pelé in their World Player of the Century poll. He came third in a vote organised by the French magazine \\\"France Football\\\" consulting their former Ballon d'Or winners\",\n \"Leo Noe Leopold Noé (born August 1953) is a British multimillionaire property investor. His net worth is at least £600 million according to the 2018 Sunday Times Rich List. He is 38th in the 2018 Sunday Times Giving List, the annual ranking of the UK's most generous millionaires. Leopold Noé was born in August 1953. He is the son of fellow property developer Salomon Noé (sometimes Solomon Noé, born December 1930). Noé is executive chairman and founder of the Noé Group and latterly non-executive chairman of BMO Real Estate Partners. The Noé Group announced its first deal in December 2017,\",\n \"Phil Thompson Philip Bernard Thompson (born 21 January 1954) is an English retired footballer, who played as a defender for Liverpool team of the 1970s and 1980s. During this time, he also represented the England national football team on 42 occasions, and captained England on six occasions. After retiring as a player, he later served Liverpool as assistant manager and, during the 2001–02 season, acted as caretaker for 6 months while manager Gérard Houllier was ill. He is currently a pundit on Soccer Saturday on Sky Sports, does on and off work as a pundit for TV 2 (Norway), and\",\n \"players and \\\" Source: Newcastle United F.C. Newcastle United F.C. Newcastle United Football Club is an English professional association football club based in Newcastle upon Tyne, that plays in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. Newcastle United was founded in 1892 by the merger of Newcastle East End and Newcastle West End, and has played at its current home ground, St James' Park, ever since. The ground was developed into an all-seater stadium in the mid-1990s and has a capacity of 52,354. The club has been a member of the Premier League for all but three years\",\n \"Didier Drogba Africa Cup of Nations in 2006 and 2012, but were beaten on penalties on both occasions. On 8 August 2014, he announced his retirement from international football. In 2018, Drogba retired from professional football at the age of 40.. Afterwards, on December 11th, he became Vice President of the international organization Peace and Sport. Drogba was born in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, and at the age of five was sent to France by his parents to live with his uncle, Michel Goba, a professional footballer. However, Drogba soon became homesick and returned to Abidjan after three years. His mother nicknamed him\",\n \"The song lyrics were written to the tune of Leonard Cohen's \\\"Hallelujah\\\". Middlesbrough manager Gareth Southgate embraced the tune as a way of raising money for his chosen charity, Macmillan Cancer Support. Leonard Cohen gave permission for the song to be released as a charity download single. Viduka has been a member of Melbourne City FC since its inaugural season. He is affectionately referred to by his nicknames \\\"V-Bomber\\\" and \\\"Big Dukes\\\" in Australia. International goals Mark Viduka Mark Anthony Viduka ( ; born 9 October 1975) is an Australian retired footballer who played as a centre forward. He captained\",\n \"Graeme Souness Graeme James Souness (; born 6 May 1953) is a retired Scottish professional football player and manager, who played as a midfielder. Souness is now one of the most prominent television football pundits in the UK and Ireland, most notably through his work for Sky Sports. Souness was the captain of the successful Liverpool team of the early 1980s, player-manager of Rangers in the late 1980s and captain of the Scotland national team. He also played for Tottenham Hotspur, Middlesbrough and Sampdoria. Souness' managerial career began when he joined Rangers, leading them to three Scottish titles and four\",\n \"Joe Cole seven seasons at Chelsea, playing over 280 games in all competitions and winning seven trophies, including three Premier League titles, two FA Cups and a League Cup. He left Chelsea on a free transfer in July 2010 to join Liverpool, who a year later loaned him to Lille. After a season in France, he returned to Liverpool before re-joining West Ham in January 2013. He signed for Aston Villa in June 2014, then joined Coventry City on loan in October 2015, joining on a permanent deal in January 2016. This was to be his last club in England. Capped by\",\n \"Stan Collymore Stanley Victor Collymore (born 22 January 1971) is an English former footballer who played as a centre-forward from 1990 to 2001. He held the English transfer record when he moved from Nottingham Forest to Liverpool for £8.5 million in 1995 and was capped three times at senior level by the England national football team. He is currently a football pundit. Collymore was born in Stone, Staffordshire to a Barbadian father and English mother.. As a young boy he supported Aston Villa. A centre forward, Collymore played junior football for Cannock Peelers and Penkridge Juniors before starting his career\",\n \"Truth.\\\" Paul Pierce Paul Anthony Pierce (born October 13, 1977) is an American former professional basketball player who played 19 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Pierce was a high school McDonald's All-American and earned consensus first-team All-America honors in his junior year at Kansas. Pierce spent the first fifteen years of his career with the Boston Celtics, who drafted him with the 10th overall pick in the 1998 NBA draft. He starred as captain of the Celtics, earning ten All-Star nods and becoming a four-time All-NBA team member. After nine seasons of leading the Celtics as their sole\",\n \"Edgar Davids Edgar Steven Davids (; born 13 March 1973) is a Dutch former professional footballer. After beginning his career with Ajax, winning several domestic and international titles, he subsequently played in Italy for Milan, and later enjoyed a successful spell with Juventus, before being loaned out to Barcelona in 2004. He went on to play for Inter Milan and Tottenham Hotspur before returning to Ajax. Having struggled with injuries for two years, Davids returned to competitive football during a brief spell with Crystal Palace before retiring at the age of 37. In 2012, he was appointed player-manager at the\",\n \"John Riggins Robert John Riggins (born August 4, 1949), nicknamed \\\"The Diesel\\\" and \\\"Riggo\\\", is a former American football running back who played professionally in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Jets and Washington Redskins. He was known for his powerful running style and productivity well into the latter years of his career; in 1983 at age 34, he rushed for an NFL single-season record 24 touchdowns, and again led the league in rushing touchdowns the following season at age 35. Although he had only one Pro Bowl appearance in his career, Riggins had his greatest success\",\n \"Albert Johanneson Albert Louis Johanneson (13 March 1940 – 28 September 1995) was a South African professional footballer who was one of the first high-profile black men, of any nationality, to play top-flight football in England. He is recognised as being the first person of African heritage to play in the FA Cup final. Johanneson, a skilful and swift left winger, was recommended to Leeds United by a South African schoolteacher and joined the club in April 1961. He stayed there for nine years working diligently at his game, and by the 1963–64 season had established himself as a powerful\",\n \"Paul Runge (umpire) Paul Edward Runge (born October 20, 1940 in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada) is a former umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the National League from 1973 to 1997. He is the most accomplished member of the only three-generation umpiring family in major league history; his father Ed was an American League umpire from 1954 to 1970, and his son Brian was a major league umpire from 1999 to 2012. Paul Runge wore number 17 on his jacket and shirt sleeve for most of his 25 year umpiring career. Paul Runge graduated from Arizona State University,\",\n \"Death of Nicky Verstappen Nicky Verstappen (13 March 1987 – 10 or 11 August 1998) was a Dutch boy who, aged 11, disappeared on the morning of 10 August 1998 from a summer camp he was attending in Brunssum, Limburg. His body was found on the evening of 11 August, away in nearby Landgraaf. Despite extensive investigation, the case remained unsolved for twenty years. On 26 August 2018, a 55-year-old man was arrested in Spain when DNA from his belongings and relatives matched samples taken from Verstappen's clothing, following the largest DNA-harvesting operation in Dutch history. On Saturday, 8 August\",\n \"May 2017, before this arrangement was ended three months later. After retiring, he became a regular for the Liverpool Masters team. Source: John Durnin John Paul Durnin (born 18 August 1965) is an English former footballer who scored 100 goals in 475 league appearances over a career spanning close to two decades. He began his career at Liverpool in 1986, but made just three minor cup appearances for the first team before he was allowed to join Oxford United for a £225,000 fee in February 1989, having previously gained experience on loan at West Bromwich Albion. He spent four years\",\n \"Michael Obafemi Michael Oluwadurotimi Obafemi (born 6 July 2000) is an Irish professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Southampton. Obafemi was born in Dublin to Nigerian parents but was raised in the London area, He joined Southampton from Leyton Orient in 2016. Obafemi made his professional debut as a substitute in the 82nd minute of a 1–1 draw with Tottenham Hotspur on 21 January 2018. Aged 17 years and 199 days, Obafemi became the second youngest player to make a Premier League appearance for Southampton after Luke Shaw, who was 17 years and 116 days old. Obafemi was\",\n \"courier firm. George Switzer George Switzer (born 13 October 1973) is an English former footballer most famous for being part of Manchester United's 1992 FA Youth Cup-winning team. A left-back, Switzer played for Darlington, Hyde United, Salford City, Irlam and AFC Monton before his retirement in 2013. Born in Salford, Greater Manchester, Switzer began his career as a youth player at Manchester United, having joined the club in 1982 after being spotted playing for the local Barrhill Lads Club when he was only eight years old. Switzer was part of the United youth team that won the FA Youth Cup\",\n \"Steve McMahon Stephen Joseph McMahon (born 20 August 1961) is an English former professional footballer, manager and current television pundit. As a player, he was a midfielder from 1979 to 1998, most notably played for Liverpool in the late 1980s. McMahon was placed in 42nd position in the '100 Players Who Shook The Kop' poll, which asked Red supporters to name the best 100 Liverpool players of all time. He also played for Everton, Aston Villa and Manchester City. After his playing career ended, he began his coaching and managing career with Swindon Town, and later managed Blackpool, winning a\",\n \"long term impact of CTE - Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. He died on April 5, 2016. Frank Wainright Frank Wesley Wainright (October 10, 1967 – April 5, 2016) was a professional American football tight end in the National Football League for ten seasons for the New Orleans Saints, Philadelphia Eagles, Miami Dolphins, and Baltimore Ravens. He played high school his freshman through junior year at Peoria Heights High School. He played college football at the University of Northern Colorado and was drafted in the eighth round of the 1991 NFL Draft. Wainright was on the 2000 Super Bowl winning Ravens team.\",\n \"George Eastham George Edward Eastham, OBE (born 23 September 1936) is an English former footballer. He is known for playing for Newcastle United, Arsenal and Stoke City, as well as a non-playing member of England's 1966 World Cup-winning squad. However, he is also notable for his involvement in a 1963 court case which proved a landmark in improving players' freedom to move between clubs. Eastham began his career with Northern Irish side Ards before moving back to England with Newcastle United in 1956. He became a fine Inside forward for the \\\"Magpies\\\" but then shocked the club by demanding a\",\n \"Timeline of association football corruption scandal. 18 members of the Zambia national team die in a plane crash. Manchester United win the first FA Premier League title. Brian Clough retires from his coaching role in Nottingham Forest after 18 years as coach. The 1994 World Cup held in the United States was the first to be decided on penalties, with Brazil edging out Italy in the final at the Rose Bowl to claim their fourth title. Russia's Oleg Salenko becomes the first player and only to this day to score five goals in a single World Cup game in his country's 6–1 win over\",\n \"Bob Griese Robert Allen Griese (pronounced ; born February 3, 1945) is a former American football quarterback who earned All-American honors with the Purdue Boilermakers before being drafted in 1967 by the American Football League's Miami Dolphins. Griese led the Dolphins to three consecutive Super Bowl appearances, including two Super Bowl victories in VII and VIII (three straight appearances with two victories is unmatched by any other team, let alone any single quarterback). Griese was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame and the Indiana Football Hall of Fame in 1984 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in\",\n \"he scored 158 goals in nearly 400 League appearances. For Birmingham his record was 127 goals in 278 games in all competitions, which ranks him third , behind Joe Bradford and Trevor Francis, in their all-time scoring charts. Murphy died in Coventry in 1975 at the age of 53. Tottenham Hotspur Birmingham City General Specific Peter Murphy (footballer, born 1922) Peter Murphy (7 March 1922 – 7 April 1975), often referred to as Spud Murphy, was an English footballer who played as an inside left. He played professionally for three clubs, Coventry City, Tottenham Hotspur and Birmingham City. He is\",\n \"Mark Viduka other members of the squad. Viduka was not selected in the final squad for the 2010 World Cup, having retired from football a year previously. Melbourne Knights Dinamo Zagreb Celtic Australia U20 Viduka and his wife Ivana have three sons together: Joseph (born November 2002), Lucas (born September 2006) and Oliver (born May 2008). His father Joe was from Croatia, from where he emigrated to Australia in the 1960s. Luka Modrić is his cousin. Viduka had a song written about him by English singer/songwriter and Middlesbrough fan Alistair Griffin (who also previously co-wrote the football song recorded by Terry Venables).\",\n \"Age fraud in association football methods in its age group competitions in 2000. Dave Bowler, author of \\\"Winning Isn't Everything: Biography of Sir Alf Ramsey\\\", claims that Englishman Alf Ramsey forged documents so that his date of birth changed from 1920 to 1922. Bowler alleges that Ramsey feared that come the end of the Second World War, he would be considered too old to be offered a professional contract. Matt Brown of Sherington Veterans claimed to be 37. this was found to be false as be had doctored his birth certificate and was in fact 42. In the scandal known as the Cachirules, all of\",\n \"Joe Allon Joseph Ball Allon (born 12 November 1966) is an English former footballer. A striker, he scored 135 goals in 361 league and cup games in a 14-year career in the English Football League. Starting his career with Newcastle United in 1984, he failed to break into the first team and moved on to Swansea City three years later. After a season with the \\\"Swans\\\" he signed with Hartlepool United. After scoring 50 league goals for the club he transferred to Chelsea in 1991. After a season with Chelsea, including a loan spell with Port Vale, he joined Brentford.\",\n \"by sportswear company Nike, and appeared in commercials for the brand. In a global advertising campaign in the run-up to the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan, he starred in a \\\"Secret Tournament\\\" commercial (branded \\\"Scopion KO\\\") directed by Terry Gilliam, appearing alongside footballers such as Luís Figo, Thierry Henry, Hidetoshi Nakata, Roberto Carlos, Ronaldinho, Ronaldo and Francesco Totti, with former player Eric Cantona the tournament \\\"referee\\\". River Plate Sevilla Real Madrid Benfica Olympiacos Argentina Javier Saviola Javier Pedro Saviola Fernández (; born 11 December 1981) is an Argentine retired professional footballer who played as a forward. Known for\",\n \"House. She is currently the President & CEO of Bikram's Yoga College of India, L.P. & Bikram, Inc., the international chain of the original hot yoga studios. They share their residence with son George Lawrence Starke, IV and the family dog Coconut. George Starke George Lawrence Starke (born July 18, 1948) is a former American football offensive lineman who played for the Washington Redskins in the National Football League (NFL) from 1972-84. After graduating from Columbia College, Starke was drafted by the Washington Redskins and appeared with the Redskins in two Super Bowls 1982 and 1983, helping them win Super\",\n \"Chris Paul City\\\". In 2017, he was traded to the Houston Rockets, and helped the team win a franchise-record 65 games in his debut season. Off the court, Paul has served as the National Basketball Players Association president since August 2013. One of the highest-paid athletes in the world, he holds endorsement deals with companies such as Nike and State Farm. Paul was born on May 6, 1985, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina to Charles Edward Paul and Robin Jones. He has an older brother named Charles \\\"C.J.\\\" Paul. A former athlete himself, Charles Sr. taught his sons basketball and football and coached\",\n \"Ally McCoist Alistair Murdoch McCoist, (; 24 September 1962) is a former Scottish footballer, who has since worked as a manager, pundit and actor. McCoist began his playing career with Scottish club St Johnstone before moving to English side Sunderland in 1981. He returned to Scotland two years later and signed with Rangers. McCoist had a highly successful spell with Rangers, becoming the club's record goalscorer and winning nine successive league championships between 1988–89 and 1996–97. He later played for Kilmarnock. McCoist was inducted into the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame in 2007. He is also a member of the\",\n \"his trial, Flounders announced that she and Johnson had separated, claiming that he had confessed to infidelity with other women. Manchester City Individual Adam Johnson (footballer) Adam Johnson (born 14 July 1987) is an English professional footballer, who plays as a winger, and convicted sex offender. A product of the Middlesbrough youth academy, he came to prominence after making his debut aged 17 in a UEFA Cup match. He made 120 appearances for Middlesbrough, also spending time on loan at Leeds United and Watford. In February 2010 he moved to Manchester City, where he won the FA Cup in 2011\",\n \"Wayne Rooney's original transfer to Manchester United was provoked by Newcastle's apparent interest in the player. Paul Stretford Paul Stretford is an English football agent. In 1987, he founded Proactive Sports Management, renamed Formation Group in 2004, which went on to represent, amongst others, England footballer and also step father to the England International Wayne Rooney. In 2010 Rooney revealed as part of his evidence during a court case that Stretford received 20% of his off-field earnings, an amount the player regarded as being fair. Stretford has frequently been embroiled in legal disputes and his methods have been criticised. As\",\n \"died on 9 May 2013, in a Harare private hospital called Avenues Clinic in Zimbabwe. Paul Mkondo was the first African insurance executive to be recognised with Life Million Dollar Roundtable International. Paul Mkondo was the first pioneering African Indigenous Businessman in Rhodesia to own a Night Club, and also the First African International Music Promoter In Highfields in the 60s. The protagonist, Simbai Muhondo, in Samuel Chimsoro's novel 'Nothing is impossible' is based on Mkondo's biography. 'Money and Life' (Unpublished Autobiography - Expected Book Launch in 2020). Paul Tangi Mhova Mkondo Paul Tangi Mhova Mkondo (23 December 1945 –\",\n \"Sade (band) Sade ( ) are an English band, formed in London in 1982 and named after their lead singer, Sade Adu. Three of their members were originally from Hull in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Their music features elements of soul, quiet storm, smooth jazz and sophisti-pop. The band's debut studio album, \\\"Diamond Life\\\" (1984), reached number two on the UK Album Chart, selling over 1.2 million copies and won the Brit Award for Best British Album in 1985. The album was also a hit internationally, reaching number one in several countries and within the top-ten in the United\",\n \"Paul Ranheim Paul Stephen Ranheim (born January 25, 1966 in St. Louis, Missouri and raised in Edina, Minnesota) is an American former professional ice hockey forward who played 15 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Calgary Flames, Hartford Whalers, Carolina Hurricanes, Philadelphia Flyers and Phoenix Coyotes. He was a second round selection, 38th overall, at the 1984 NHL Entry Draft and played 1,013 games between 1988 and 2003. Internationally, he played with Team USA; He played in three World Championships and was a member of the bronze-medal winning squad at the 1986 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.\",\n \"Oscar Pistorius Oscar Leonard Carl Pistorius (; ; born 22 November 1986) is a South African former sprint runner who was convicted of the culpable homicide of his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp in 2013. Both of Pistorius' feet had been amputated when he was 11 months old due to a congenital defect. When he was born he was missing the outside of both feet along with both fibula bones in his legs. Pistorius ran in both non-disabled sprint events and in sprint events for below-knee amputees. He was the tenth athlete to compete at both the Paralympic Games and Olympic Games.\",\n \"31 January. Raimond van der Gouw joined United from Vitesse Arnhem on 25 June 1996. 1995–96 Manchester United F.C. season The 1995–96 season was Manchester United's fourth season in the Premier League, and their 21st consecutive season in the top division of English football. United finished the season by becoming the first English team to win the Double (league title and FA Cup) twice. Their triumph was made all the more remarkable by the fact that Alex Ferguson had sold experienced players Paul Ince, Mark Hughes and Andrei Kanchelskis before the start of the season, and not made any major\",\n \"Paul Pogba UEFA Champions League Final, their first in 12 years. Pogba's performances at Juventus allowed him to return to Manchester United in 2016 for a then-world record transfer fee of €105 million (£89.3 million). The fee paid for him remains the highest paid by an English club. In his first season back, he won the League Cup and the Europa League. Internationally, he captained France to victory at the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup and took home the award for the Best Player for his performances during the tournament. He made his debut for the senior team a year later, and\",\n \"(\\\"née\\\" Morrey) and Thomas Wayne Rooney. He is of Irish descent and was brought up as a Roman Catholic with younger brothers Graham and John; all three attended Our Lady and St Swithin's primary school and De La Salle School. He grew up supporting Everton. He admired Brazilian striker Ronaldo with Rooney stating “as an out-and-out forward he was probably the best.“ Rooney began playing for Liverpool Schoolboys and scored 72 goals in one season, a record which stood until May 2010. At age nine, Rooney played for Copplehouse boys' club in the local Walton and Kirkdale junior league and\",\n \"Hugo Rodallega in a loan move to Atlas before being transferred to Necaxa in 2007. In January 2009, he moved to Wigan Athletic for a fee of £4.5 million. After initially struggling at the club, he finished as the club's top goalscorer in his first full Premier League season. He scored 24 goals for the club, making him their all-time leading Premier League goalscorer. Rodallega was born in El Carmelo, Colombia, and lived in the village with his parents and two elder sisters. Rodallega and his wife Carolina have a son, also named Hugo. His cousin Carmen is also a footballer, and\",\n \"England national football team The England national football team represents England in international football and is controlled by The Football Association, the governing body for football in England. England is one of the two oldest national teams in football, alongside Scotland, whom they played in the world's first international football match in 1872. England's home ground is Wembley Stadium, London, and their headquarters are at St George's Park, Burton upon Trent. The team's manager is Gareth Southgate. Although part of the United Kingdom, England's representative side plays in major professional tournaments, but not the Olympic Games. Since first entering the\",\n \"Richard Dent Richard Lamar Dent (born December 13, 1960) is a former American football defensive end, who played primarily for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He was the MVP of Super Bowl XX. He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2011. After graduating in 1983, and playing four years at Tennessee State University, Dent was drafted in the eighth round by the Bears, with 203rd overall pick in the 1983 NFL Draft. At 6 ft 5 in, , Dent was a great pass rusher who beat offensive tackles with his speed. He\",\n \"Roy Wegerle Roy Wegerle (born March 19, 1964) is a former United States international soccer player who appeared for the national team 41 times between 1992 and 1998. Born and raised in South Africa, he was naturalized as a U.S. citizen in 1991. Since retiring from soccer he has become a professional golfer. As a soccer player, Wegerle was a striker from 1984 until 1998. He notably played in the English Premier League for Queens Park Rangers, Blackburn Rovers and Coventry City, and in the Football League for Chelsea, Swindon Town and Luton Town. He made appearances in the United\",\n \"director. In 1978, the Tampa Bay Rowdies of the North American Soccer League (NASL) drafted Perry Van der Beck out of St. Thomas Aquinas High School in Florissant, Missouri. At the time he was the youngest native born American playing professional soccer. He was also the first American ever drafted out of high school. Despite his youth and relative inexperience when he joined the Rowdies, he gradually worked himself into becoming a significant contributor to the team. At the time, the Rowdies were a top tier team in the NASL. In both 1978 and 1979, they made it to the\",\n \"1982–83 in English football The 1982–83 season was the 103rd season of competitive football in England. 11 August 1982: Tottenham Hotspur pay Bristol Rovers £105,000 for defender Gary Mabbutt, who turns 21 later this month. 19 August 1982: Newcastle United pay Southampton £100,000 for Kevin Keegan. 24 August 1982: The Shankly Gates are unveiled at Anfield, honouring former Liverpool manager Bill Shankly almost a year after his death. 25 August 1982: Arsenal sign 22-year-old striker Lee Chapman from Stoke City for £500,000. 26 August 1982: Bob Paisley announces that this season as Liverpool manager (his ninth in charge) will be\",\n \"Paul McKenna (footballer) Paul Stephen McKenna (born 20 October 1977) is an English former professional footballer. Born in Eccleston, Lancashire, after making his debut in 1997 he soon became a fixture in the Preston North End first team. His appearance tally was 427 at the end of the 2007–08 season. This puts him at number nine in the all-time record appearances for the club. He has worn the number 16 shirt since squad numbers were adopted by the Football League. The 2006–07 season ended in disappointment for the Chorley-born player, not only at missing out on the Play-offs but at\",\n \"Ian Rush Ian James Rush, (born 20 October 1961) is a Welsh former professional footballer who played as a forward. At club level Rush played for Liverpool from 1980–1987 and 1988–1996. He is the club's all-time leading goalscorer, having scored a total of 346 goals in all competitions at the club, including a record 25 goals versus Merseyside derby rival Everton. At international level, Rush made 73 appearances for the Wales national football team and remained the record goalscorer for his country until 2018, with 28 goals between 1980 and 1996. Regarded as one of the greatest ever Liverpool players,\",\n \"Nobby Stiles gong. Stiles has been married to his wife Kay Giles since June 1963. His wife is a sister of Johnny Giles and they were introduced to each other around the time they were teammates at Manchester United. They live in Manchester and have three children. Stiles' son John was also a footballer, playing for Shamrock Rovers and Leeds United in the early 1980s. In 2003, Stiles released his autobiography, \\\"After the Ball\\\", and in 2007, he was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame. Stiles' FIFA World Cup medal and a European Cup medal were bought by Manchester United\",\n \"Mark Schwarzer times. Schwarzer joined then-second tier side Bradford City in 1996 and made 16 appearances before joining Premier League club Middlesbrough in February 1997. He made 445 appearances for Middlesbrough, but decided to leave the club in May 2008. He then switched to Premier League side Fulham, and made 218 appearances for the club until he moved to Chelsea in 2013. He was the first – and, to date, only – non-Brit to have made more than 500 Premier League appearances (making him the highest-appearing non-Brit in the Premier League's history), and also the oldest player to have played in the\",\n \"1989–90 in English football from Newcastle United for Crystal Palace for £650,000. 6 December 1989 – Chelsea bolster their title challenge with a £300,000 move for Bayern Munich and Norway defender Erland Johnsen. Howard Kendall is confirmed as the new Manchester City manager. 10 December 1989 – Roy Wegerle, the American international striker, joins Queens Park Rangers from Luton Town for a club record £1million. 19 December 1989 – 18–year–old Trinidadian striker Dwight Yorke signs for Aston Villa. 26 December 1989 - Tottenham win 3–1 over Millwall at White Hart Lane: goals from Spurs' Vinny Samways and Gary Lineker coming either side of an\",\n \"Gary Lineker and scoring 48 goals over an eight-year international career, and is England's third highest scorer, behind Bobby Charlton and Wayne Rooney. His international goals-to-games ratio remains one of the best for the country and he is regarded as one of the all-time best English strikers. He was top scorer in the 1986 World Cup and received the Golden Boot, the only time an Englishman had done so until Harry Kane in the 2018 World Cup. He is also the only player to have been the top scorer in England with three clubs (Leicester City, Everton and Tottenham Hotspur). Even though\",\n \"Paul Canoville Paul Kenneth Canoville (born 4 March 1962) is an English former professional footballer. He was signed by Chelsea from Hillingdon Borough in 1981, and went on to win the Second Division title with the club in 1983–84. However, he was more notable as the first black player to play for Chelsea, and for the negative reception he received from the racist elements of Chelsea supporters. He was sold to Reading for £60,000 in August 1986, before retiring from the professional game due to a serious knee injury the following year. He later had spells with non-league clubs Enfield,\",\n \"Riddick Bowe Riddick Lamont Bowe (born August 10, 1967) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1989 to 1996 and from 2004 to 2008. He reigned as the undisputed world heavyweight champion in 1992, and as an amateur he won a silver medal in the super heavyweight division at the 1988 Summer Olympics. After turning professional in 1989, Bowe went on to become a two-time world heavyweight champion. In 1992 he won the undisputed WBA, WBC, and IBF titles by defeating then-unbeaten former undisputed cruiserweight champion Evander Holyfield. That same year, Bowe was named Fighter of the Year\",\n \"to mark 100 years since the founding of the world governing body of football. Billy Bingham William Laurence Bingham, MBE (born 5 August 1931) is a former Northern Ireland international footballer and football manager. As a player, his first professional club was Glentoran, whom he played for between 1948 and 1950. Making the move to England, he then spent eight years with Sunderland, making 227 appearances. In 1958 he switched to Luton Town, making close to 100 league appearances in a three-year spell. This was followed by a two-year association with Everton, where he again went close to 100 league\",\n \"Frank Lampard (footballer, born 1948) 33. Lampard started for the youth team of West Ham United in 1964. He debuted for West Ham United in November 1967 in a 3-2 home defeat by Manchester City, and quickly established himself in his preferred left-back position. At club level, he won two FA Cups with West Ham, in 1975 and 1980, and the old second division title in 1981. By the time he left the club on a free transfer at the end of the 1984–85 season, Lampard had played 660 games, scored 22 goals and become one of the most celebrated players ever to pull on\",\n \"almost did not attend his induction ceremony. , or Retrosheet Paul Molitor Paul Leo Molitor (born August 22, 1956), nicknamed \\\"Molly\\\" and \\\"The Ignitor\\\", is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) player and former manager of the Minnesota Twins, who is in the Baseball Hall of Fame. During his 21-year baseball career, he played for the Milwaukee Brewers (1978–92), Toronto Blue Jays (1993–95), and Minnesota Twins (1996–98). He was known for his exceptional hitting and speed. He made seven All-Star Game appearances, and was the World Series MVP in 1993. Molitor grew up in Minnesota and attended the University\",\n \"1993–94 in English football with Bayern Munich at Carrow Road, which ends in a 1–1 draw. 4 May 1994: Michael Duberry, 17-year-old defender, played in Chelsea's final Premier League game of the season – a 2–1 home defeat by Coventry City. Even with the 7–1 victory over San Marino (in which Davide Gualtieri scores the fastest goal in FIFA World Cup qualification history). England fail to qualify for the finals of the 1994 World Cup and manager Graham Taylor resigns within days of the failure. Terry Venables is appointed as his replacement. The second season of the Premier League saw Manchester United retain their\",\n \"to \\\"Gary\\\", is a prevalent form of rhyming slang for \\\"tablet\\\" (specifically ecstasy tablets) used in the city of Liverpool. Liverpool Everton Gary Ablett (English footballer) Gareth Ian \\\"Gary\\\" Ablett (19 November 1965 – 1 January 2012) was an English professional footballer and manager. He played as a defender from 1985 until 2001. He spent nine years with Liverpool, and went on to win the FA Cup with their city rivals Everton in 1995. He also played for Derby County, Hull City, Sheffield United, Birmingham City, Wycombe Wanderers, Blackpool and Long Island Rough Riders. He moved into coaching and managed\",\n \"Heart after being hit in the nose and back by shrapnel during a Japanese kamikaze attack. Paul Briggs (American football) Paul Leonard Briggs (April 18, 1920 – February 14, 2011) was an American football tackle who played one season with the Detroit Lions of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Detroit Lions in the seventh round of the 1944 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Colorado and attended Grand Junction High School in Grand Junction, Colorado. Briggs was the head football coach of Bakersfield High School in Bakersfield, California from 1953 to 1985.\",\n \"Paul Stretford Clube de Portugal to Manchester United for £12.24 million in the same year. Formation were pursuing Gestifute for what they claimed were unshared fees on subsequent deals. Proactive Sports Management was floated on the London Stock Exchange in 2001 with a valuation of more than £30 million. The list of the company's shareholders was later described as \\\"a Who's Who of the footballing fraternity\\\", and included the managers and former players Bobby Robson, Kenny Dalglish, Kevin Keegan, Graeme Souness and Peter Reid. In 2008 the company was reported to have 130 employees. In 2004 Stretford was paid a reported £1.5\",\n \"Idris Kanu Idris Kanu (born 5 December 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for League Two club Port Vale, on loan from League One side Peterborough United. He began playing football with West Ham United at the age of 11 and spent six years with the club. He signed for Aldershot Town in October 2016 and at the age of 16 became the club's youngest ever player and goalscorer in league competitions. He joined Peterborough United for an undisclosed fee in August 2017, from where he was loaned out to Port Vale for the 2018–19\",\n \"when he moved from Featherstone Rovers in 1993 (based on increases in average earnings, this would be approximately £486,900 in 2013). The transfer of Paul Newlove to St. Helens from the Bradford Bulls is still one of the most expensive rugby league transfers. He played for Great Britain while at Bradford Northern in 1993 against New Zealand (3 matches), in 1994 against France, Australia, and Australia (sub), while at St. Helens in 1997 against Australia (SL) (3 matches), and in 1998 against New Zealand. He played for England while at Bradford Northern in 1995 against Wales, Australia (2 matches), Fiji,\",\n \"Paul Naumoff Paul Peter Naumoff (July 3, 1945 – August 17, 2018) was an American football player. He played college football at the University of Tennessee from 1964 to 1966 and was selected as a consensus first-team All-American at the linebacker position in 1966. He played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) as a linebacker for the Detroit Lions from 1967 to 1978. He was selected to play in the Pro Bowl after the 1970 season and was named the Lions' defensive most valuable player in 1975. He once played in 142 consecutive games for the Lions and\",\n \"was Irish and available to play for the national side, despite being in fine form for Reading. Leeds United Levante Reading AFC Bournemouth Individual Ian Harte Ian Patrick Harte (born 31 August 1977) is a football agent and a retired Irish footballer who played as a defender and was best known for his ability to score goals from long range, including being a free kick specialist. He began his career at Leeds United making 288 official appearances across nine seasons. Following their relegation and financial difficulties in 2004 he joined La Liga team Levante. He returned to England in 2007,\",\n \"the senior side. David Unsworth David Gerald Unsworth (born 16 October 1973) is an English former professional footballer and was formerly Everton caretaker manager. As a player, Unsworth played as a centre-back or left-back from 1991 until 2009. Unsworth is best remembered for his time at Everton during the 1990s, where he was part of their FA Cup-winning team of 1995 and acquired the nickname \\\"\\\"Rhino\\\"\\\". He earned one full England cap in 1995. He also played in the Premier League for West Ham United, Portsmouth, Sheffield United and Wigan Athletic, and in the Football League for Ipswich Town, Burnley\",\n \"Abedi Pele Abedi Ayew ( ; born 5 November 1964), known professionally as Abedi Pele, is a Ghanaian former footballer who played as an attacking midfielder and who served as captain of the Ghana national team. He is regarded as one of the greatest African footballers of all-time. He played for several European clubs and found his fame in the French Ligue 1 with Lille and Marseille, the latter where he won the UEFA Champions League in 1993, among other titles. Three of his sons, Ibrahim, André and Jordan, have also become internationals for Ghana; Ibrahim and André were selected\",\n \"Michael Tonge City in August 2008 for £2 million. He struggled to break into the first team at Stoke, however, and was sent out on loan to Championship teams Preston North End (twice), Derby County, Barnsley and Leeds United. He joined Leeds on a permanent basis in January 2013. He joined Millwall on loan in January 2015, before he was released from Leeds in May 2015. He signed with Stevenage five months later and was voted the club's Player of the Year for the 2015–16 season. After his 18-month spell ended he joined Port Vale in July 2017. Born in Manchester, Tonge\",\n \"Peter Withe They advanced to Soccer Bowl '75, the League Championship, in San Jose, California on August 24, where they lost to the Tampa Bay Rowdies 2–0. Withe won the Football League First Division championship with Nottingham Forest but then left in 1978 to join Newcastle United, then in the Second Division for a transfer fee of £225,000. The Magpies were Withe's ninth club in less than eight years. Ron Saunders took him to Aston Villa on the eve of the 1980–81 season when the Birmingham club paid £500,000 on the 29-year-old striker, the club's record signing at the time. Withe scored\",\n \"Rigobert Song Song was given a surprise call-up to Henri Michel's Cameroon squad for the 1994 World Cup, playing two group matches in the finals against Sweden and Brazil. He received a red card in the match against Brazil, becoming the youngest player ever to be sent off in a World Cup, aged 17. Led by ageless striker Roger Milla, the \\\"Indomitable Lions\\\" were knocked out in the group stage. The 24 years and 42 days age gap between Milla (42 years and 35 days) and 17-year-old future captain Song (17 years and 358 days) became (and remains) the largest between two\",\n \"Ince-in-Makerfield Lancashire and in 1974 became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan. The name \\\"Ince\\\" may be of Cumbric origin and derived from \\\"ïnïs\\\", meaning 'island' or, as is likely in this case, 'dry land' (Welsh \\\"ynys\\\"). The earliest mention of the Manor of Ince and the Ince family dates from 1202 at which point it was under the barony of Newton in Makerfield (Newton le Willows). There were three halls in Ince, both the Manor of Ince and the original hall on Warrington Road were held by a family of the same name who also owned the Manor of\",\n \"Paul Trollope Paul Jonathan Trollope (born 3 June 1972) is a former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He is currently the assistant manager of Premier League club Brighton & Hove Albion. As a player, he began his career with Swindon Town in 1989, but made his name at Torquay United between 1992 and 1995. He then transferred to Derby County, before signing with Fulham in 1997. After five years he moved on to Northampton Town via Coventry City. He joined his final club, Bristol Rovers, in 2004, before retiring as a player in 2007. He played for Wales\",\n \"Paul Moulden Paul Anthony Joseph Moulden (born 6 September 1967) is an English former footballer who played as a striker for Manchester City, A.F.C. Bournemouth, Oldham Athletic, Brighton & Hove Albion, Birmingham City, Huddersfield Town and Rochdale. Moulden was born in Farnworth, near Bolton, Lancashire. As a youth he entered the Guinness Book of Records by scoring 340 goals in a single season for Bolton Lads Club under-15s. He subsequently joined Manchester City, where he was a part of the team which won the 1986 FA Youth Cup. He made his first team debut on 1 January 1986 against Aston\",\n \"History of Manchester United F.C. (1986–2013) After Eric Cantona's decision to stay with Manchester United, Internazionale turned their attention to United midfielder Paul Ince, who finally agreed to sign for the Italian giants for £7.5 million on 22 June 1995. The next day, the sale of striker Mark Hughes to Chelsea was announced. Shortly afterwards, unsettled winger and top scorer Andrei Kanchelskis was put on the transfer list, and was subsequently sold to Everton. Alex Ferguson came under intense pressure from media and fans for selling three key players after the disappointing end to the 1994–95 season, with the \\\"Manchester Evening News\\\" even conducting a survey\",\n \"Paul Ince gave England the lead and helped them towards a 4–1 win; he also picked up a yellow card which rendered him unavailable for the quarter final against Spain, which England won on penalties. Venables put Ince back in the side for the semifinal against Germany, replacing the suspended Gary Neville as England switched systems to a back three, accommodating Ince in central midfield with Paul Gascoigne and David Platt. Ince and England played superbly but could only manage a 1–1 draw and England lost the penalty shoot-out. Ince received criticism for not taking a penalty (the crucial missed kick from\",\n \"Tom Ince not initially made. After much negotiation, and with a decision by an independent tribunal looming, Hull and Blackpool settled in January 2015 on a figure of £1.6 million, rising to £2.3 million, dependant on appearances and if Hull avoided relegation. Due to the earlier sell-on clause Liverpool had negotiated with Blackpool, Liverpool received £560,000. Ince came on as a substitute in both legs of Hull's Europa League third qualifying round tie against Slovakian club AS Trenčín before making his league debut for the club on 16 August, playing 82 minutes of a 1–0 win away at Queens Park Rangers. He\",\n \"West Ham United F.C. Under-23s and Academy Ham's youth academy produced many professional players. Notable Academy \\\"graduates\\\" during this time include Frank Lampard Sr. and (later Sir) Trevor Brooking, who both featured in the club's 1975 FA Cup win with a team composed solely of English players; no club since has repeated this accomplishment. Since 1973 the Academy has been managed by Tony Carr, himself a \\\"graduate\\\" but whose career was cut short by injury. Paul Ince played his first game for West Ham in 1986, and went on to win more trophies than any other Academy \\\"graduate\\\", albeit with Manchester United. In 1996, the reputation of\",\n \"Paul Ince at Vicarage Road. Under Ince Blackpool made their best-ever start to a league season. Their victory at Bournemouth on 14 September 2013 gave them 16 points out of a possible 18, with five wins and a draw in their first six games. Following the game at Bournemouth Ince was given a five-match stadium ban by The Football Association for his conduct towards a match official in the tunnel after the game. The FA concluded that his behaviour had constituted violent conduct. He was also fined £4,000. Ince left Blackpool on 21 January 2014, after less than a year in charge,\",\n \"Paul Ince and Tony Adams. England lost 2–0. Ince won his tenth England cap in a 3–0 win over Poland which kept alive their World Cup qualification hopes, though required a victory over the Netherlands in Rotterdam a month later. In a controversial match, Holland beat England 2–0 and qualification hopes had gone. Ince scored twice – his first and only international goals – as the qualifying campaign ended with a 7–1 thumping of San Marino in Bologna. England had needed to win by seven clear goals and hope the Netherlands lost to Poland. Neither occurred, and England failed to qualify. During\",\n \"Paul Ince personal high point when he scored a late equaliser against Manchester United at Anfield and celebrated with some ferocity in front of the Kop, though it was not enough to deprive United of the Premier League title that formed part of their treble success. In the summer of 1999, however, Liverpool coach Gérard Houllier put Ince on the transfer list and the 31-year-old signed for Middlesbrough for £1 million. He linked up with his former teammate Bryan Robson, who had by then been manager of Boro for five years. As club captain, Ince played three seasons making 106 appearances with\",\n \"Paul Ince Paul Emerson Carlyle Ince (; born 21 October 1967) is an English football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a midfielder from 1982 to 2007. Born in Ilford, London, Ince spent the majority of his playing career at the highest level; after leaving West Ham United he joined Manchester United where he played in the Premier League. After two years in Serie A with Internazionale he returned to England to play in the top flight for Liverpool, Middlesbrough and Wolverhampton Wanderers. After a spell as player-coach of Swindon Town, he retired from playing while player-manager\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":265,"string":"265"}}},{"rowIdx":92,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who is the sponsor of albanian american enterprise fund ( aaef )"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["Albanian-American Enterprise Fund in a wide array of private enterprises, disseminates western business know-how, and, when appropriate, proposes changes to government policies affecting business. In addition, AAEF provides its portfolio investments with training to establish best business practices that incorporate acceptable financial reporting standards, as well as guidance in enhancing management capabilities and recruiting skilled personnel. The AAEF also provides its portfolio investments with corporate finance and strategic planning advice. The United States Government provided AAEF's initial capital through a grant from the United States Agency for International Development. The original Board members were appointed by the President of the United States. The"],"string":"[\n \"Albanian-American Enterprise Fund in a wide array of private enterprises, disseminates western business know-how, and, when appropriate, proposes changes to government policies affecting business. In addition, AAEF provides its portfolio investments with training to establish best business practices that incorporate acceptable financial reporting standards, as well as guidance in enhancing management capabilities and recruiting skilled personnel. The AAEF also provides its portfolio investments with corporate finance and strategic planning advice. The United States Government provided AAEF's initial capital through a grant from the United States Agency for International Development. The original Board members were appointed by the President of the United States. The\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["Marc Rich Marc Rich (born Marcell David Reich; December 18, 1934 – June 26, 2013) was an international commodities trader, hedge fund manager, financier and businessman. He was best known for founding the commodities company Glencore and for being indicted in the United States on federal charges of tax evasion and making controversial oil deals with Iran during the Iran hostage crisis. He was in Switzerland at the time of the indictment and never returned to the United States. He received a presidential pardon from U.S. President Bill Clinton on January 20, 2001, Clinton's last day in office. Rich was","Rolando Gonzalez-Bunster Rolando Gonzalez-Bunster (born c. 1947) is a US-based Argentine businessman. He is the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of InterEnergy Holdings, a Cayman Islands-based energy company active in the Dominican Republic, Panama, Chile and Jamaica. A college friend of former President Bill Clinton, he is a director of the Clinton Foundation and a major donor to Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign. Gonzalez-Bunster was born circa 1947 in Argentina. He graduated from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. in 1968. While he was in college, he was friends with Bill Clinton. Gonzalez-Bunster built a barge-mounted power plant with the","Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute programs, educational trips, and other notable programs. The Institute's work is entirely funded by donations and gifts from organizations and individuals like the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption and the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. CCAI is known for its annual Angels in Adoption award, which allows Members of Congress to nominate a constituent for their work in the adoption, foster care, and child welfare community. Each year, there are several National Angels, individuals or groups that work on a national or global level, are honored. Past recipients include Alonzo Mourning, Darryl McDaniels, Laura Bush, Jane Seymour, Bruce Willis, and Rosie O'Donnell.","Power 50 list. And in 2005, AdAge named CEO Greg Strakosch a Top 25 Newsmaker. In 2016, TechTarget named Michael Cotoia as CEO and board member, and elected Greg Stakosch as executive chairman. The company had its initial public offering in May 2007, listing on the NASDAQ exchange with symbol TTGT. Its current board of directors includes EMC Corporation founder Roger Marino, Atlanta Hawks co-owner Bruce Levenson, former CFO of the New York Times Co. , , CEO Michael Cotoia and executive chairman Greg Strakosch. Since launch, the company has made several acquisitions aimed at building its technology content reach:","Jean Case Jean Case (born 1959) is an American businesswoman. She is CEO of the Case Foundation, Chairman of the Board of National Geographic, and a philanthropist, investor and technology industry pioneer. She, along with her husband, AOL co-founder Steve Case, created the Case Foundation in 1997 and they joined the Giving Pledge in 2011, committing to give away a majority of their wealth. In June 2006, she was appointed by President George W. Bush to chair the President's Council on Service and Civic Participation. In 2007, Case was asked by U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice to serve as","Echoing Green \"For the electronic band, see The Echoing Green (band), for the poem see The Echoing Green\" Echoing Green is a global nonprofit organization that provides fellowships, seed-stage funding, and strategic support to social entrepreneurs globally. Echoing Green was founded in 1987 by General Atlantic, a global growth private equity firm, to increase social impact by using the venture capital investment model. Since its founding, Echoing Green has invested in more than 700 social entrepreneurs working in more than 75 countries, providing a total of $42 million in seed-stage funding and support systems. Echoing Green manages three Fellowship Programs:","December 10, 1967 plane crash that also killed three other Bar-Kays members and Otis Redding. Pha is known for announcing \"Ladies and gentlemen\" or \"This is a Jazze Phizzle product-shizzle!\", both at the beginning and, occasionally, at the end of songs on which he is featured. In 1990, Pha was signed to Elektra Records. Jazze Pha Phalon Anton Alexander, professionally known as Jazze Pha ( ), is an American record producer, singer, songwriter and rapper from Atlanta, Georgia. He is the founder and chief executive officer of Sho'nuff Records, which American R&B singer-songwriter Ciara was signed to. Jazze Pha was","combined $4.8 million to the Citizens for a Sound Economy, a conservative political group. The Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation, and David H. Koch Charitable Foundation, were among the funders of the Competitive Enterprise Institute, a non-profit, libertarian think tank. David H. Koch Charitable Foundation granted $1 million in 2008 and the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation granted $67,556 in 2009 to the Americans for Prosperity Foundation. Koch family foundations The Koch family foundations are a group of charitable foundations in the United States associated with the family of Fred C. Koch. The most prominent of these are the Charles","AmTrust Financial Services Karfunkel in 1998. AmTrust began trading on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on November 13, 2006. In 2016, Barry Zyskind was appointed as Chairman in addition to existing roles as Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of Executive Committee. In December 2014, he was listed by Forbes as the best performing CEO in the Insurance industry. In 2005, Ronald (Ron) Pipoly was appointed as Chief Financial Officer. In 2017, Adam Karkowsky was appointed as Chief Financial Officer. Most of the company’s business is contracted worldwide through more than 20 insurance companies and subsidiaries. The following are some of their US","Cyril Taylor (educationist) Sir Cyril Julian Hebden Taylor (14 May 193529 January 2018) was a British educator and social entrepreneur, who founded the American Institute For Foreign Study (AIFS) in 1964. He served as an education reformer and adviser to successive elected British Governments from 1987 to 2007 and founded the City Technology Colleges Trust, subsequently the Specialist Schools and Academies Trust (SSAT). Taylor founded Richmond University the American International University in London in 1971. The University is accredited in the United States and designated by the Department of Education of HM Government in the UK. Taylor was Chancellor of","research and knowledge of the issues surrounding the use of clean cookstoves. The organization is supported by governments, corporations, foundations, civil society, investors, and individuals. A number of celebrities and musical artists have used their platforms to shed light on an issue that affects 3 billion people worldwide, including American actor Julia Roberts, world-renowned chef Jose Andres, Second Lady of the Republic of Ghana Samira Bawumia, celebrated Indian chef Sanjeev Kapoor, China's Zhao Wei, and Ghana's Rocky Dawuni. Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves The Clean Cooking Alliance is a non-profit organization operating under the support of the United Nations Foundation.","Chabad of California Inc. of an $18-million pledge that the local Jewish nonprofit group said was promised to it by Arnall. Roland Arnall Roland E. Arnall (March 29, 1939 – March 17, 2008) was an American businessman and diplomat. As the owner of ACC Capital Holdings, he became a billionaire with Ameriquest Mortgage. He was co-founder of the Simon Wiesenthal Center, and from 2006 until shortly before his death he was the United States Ambassador to the Netherlands. Roland Arnall was born on March 29, 1939 in Paris, France. His parents were Eastern European Jews who had fled to Paris.","In 2010, co-founder Holly Robinson Peete became a candidate on the reality television series The Celebrity Apprentice 3 to raise money for the HollyRod Foundation. At the time of the season finale, Peete had raised the most money for her charity in Celebrity Apprentice history. However, she was not hired by Donald Trump in the finale and finished second to musician Bret Michaels, but earned $597,893 USD to benefit HollyRod. Former NFL quarterback Rodney Peete and his wife actress Holly Robinson Peete established the HollyRod Foundation in 1997 in honor of Holly's father, late actor and television producer Matt Robinson","including as physicians, engineers and politicians. In August 2016, Air India commenced direct, one-seat flight service between Ahmedabad and Newark Liberty International Airport in New Jersey, via London Heathrow International Airport. Famous Gujarati Americans include Ami Bera (United States Congress), Reshma Saujani (American politician), Sonal Shah (economist to Whitehouse), Rohit Vyas (Indian American journalist), Bharat Desai (CEO Syntel), Vyomesh Joshi (Forbes), Raj Bhavsar (sports) Halim Dhanidina (first Muslim judge of California), Savan Kotecha (Grammy nominated American songwriter), Mafat and Tulsi Patel (Patel Brothers founders), and Hollywood actresses, Sheetal Sheth and Noureen DeWulf. Gujarati Americans Gujarati Americans are Americans who trace","(2013) at Harvard. Zibusiso Mkhwanazi Zibusiso Mkhwanazi (born 10 June 1983, Soweto, South Africa) is Group CEO of M&N Brands and co-founder of Avatar, South Africa’s largest black owned and managed advertising agency. Avatar won Financial Mail’s AdFocus medium sized agency of the year 2016 and were a finalist in 2017. A World Economic Forum Young Global Leader, Mkhwanazi is now building an African owned agency network through his investment company, M&N Brands. Mkhwanazi is also the founder of David’s League, a Christian based business mentorship program designed to uplift and empower young entrepreneurs from disadvantaged backgrounds in their business","he cannot use the title \"Sir\", but may, at his own discretion, use the post-nominal letters \"KBE\". In 2015, the Bloomberg Terminal was featured prominently in the \"Tools of the Trade\" financial technology exhibit in Silicon Valley's Computer History Museum, as well as the Smithsonian National Museum of American History. In March 2017, Bloomberg was ranked sixth on the UK-based company Richtopia's list of 200 Most Influential Philanthropists and Social Entrepreneurs. Michael Bloomberg Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born February 14, 1942) is an American businessman, politician, author, and philanthropist. As of June 2018, his net worth was estimated at $51.8 billion,","with two former U.S. Representatives, Republican Jennifer Dunn and Democrat Calvin Dooley, as co-chairs. Currently, Republican Philip English and Democrat Vic Fazio, also former U.S. Representatives, co-chair ITIF, while Senators Orrin Hatch and Chris Coons and Representatives Anna Eshoo and Darrell Issa serve as honorary co-chairs. Robert D. Atkinson, former vice-president at the Progressive Policy Institute, is president of ITIF. In 2018 the website of the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation listed 31 members. ITIF's stated mission is to promote new ways of thinking about technology-driven productivity, competitiveness and globalization. The newspaper \"Roll Call\" described ITIF as trying to \"navigate","InterExchange InterExchange is a non-profit organization and a J-1 visa sponsor designated by the U.S. Department of State. The company manages cultural exchange programs for participants from more than 60 countries who work in the U.S. in short-term positions lasting 4 to 18 months, and for Americans who work and volunteer abroad. Paul and Uta Christianson founded the organization under the name International Student Visitor Services (ISVS) in 1968. InterExchange programs include Au Pair USA, Camp USA, Career Training USA, Work & Travel USA, and Working Abroad. InterExchange also provides grants through its Foundation. InterExchange is a member of several","Givova Givova is a sports teamwear and footwear trademark founded in 2008 in Scafati, Italy by Giovanni Acanfora. Currently newtongrange YDA FC main sponsor. #beonthestar In 2018 the quality of Givova sportswear jerseys made world wide attention in a story on involving the intersection of global sportswear brands, World cup teams, and international sanctions against Iran. In 14 June 2018, the New York Times reported that sanctions against Iran blocked the 2018 Iranian World Cup football team from using quality sportswear brands and limited the Iranian team to use sportswear that were exempt from sanctions, such as Givova. Teams and","The company was founded by brothers Amir, Eskandar, and Fraydun Manocherian, immigrants to the United States from Iran. In 2012, a subsidiary of the company acquired the Bond Building in Washington, D.C. for $22 million. Manocherian Brothers Manocherian Brothers, and its sister company, Pan Am Equities, are companies owned by the Manocherian family that invest in real estate, primarily tenements on the Upper East Side on First and Second Avenue. Other buildings owned by the family include One Astor Place, 210 Fifth Avenue, 201 East 12th Street, Empire House (located at 200 East 71st Street), New York Tower at East","Alternative Energy Promotion Centre The Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC) (Nepali: वैकल्पिक ऊर्जा प्रवर्द्धन केन्द्र, Vaikalpik Urja Pravardhan Kendra) is an independently functioning government institution established by the Government of Nepal with the objectives to popularize and promote the use of renewable energy technologies, raise the living standards of the rural people, protect the environment, and develop commercially viable renewable energy industries in the country. It is governed by nine member board representing government, non-government, industry and financial sectors. AEPC was established in November 3, 1996 (Kartik 18, 2053 B.S.) under then Ministry of Science and Technology of the Government","Asian Aid Asian Aid is a non-profit Christian charity organisation that works to implement development projects and provide sponsorship of poverty-stricken children from Bangladesh, Indonesia, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Founded in 1966, Asian Aid is an accredited, supporting ministry of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Based out of Wauchope, New South Wales, Australia, Asian Aid is a member of ACFID and a signatory of the ACFID code for non-government organisations and has a minor supporting branch in the United States led by volunteer John Truscott. Dr John Hammond is the current chairman for the 2014 - 2015 year. Private donations","Safe America Foundation The Safe America Foundation is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization working nationally and headquartered in Marietta, GA. The organization was founded in 1994 and partners with corporate, government, public and private sector organizations and non-profit organization to improve the awareness of safety and preparedness in the United States. The Safe America Foundation operates an Emergency Preparedness program and Driver Education program. The \"9/11 Drill Down for Safety Campaign\"–launched in 2009—promotes the planning and execution of preparedness drills. The overall goal of the campaign is to create a culture of preparedness. The campaign works with families, businesses, public institutions","Albania–United States relations one Koço Tashko, who was educated in Harvard. Relations further deteriorated when economic adviser of the U.S. mission, Harry T. Fultz, employees of the American mission (who Fultz taught), along with the UNRRA's representatives, were charged with sabotage of a draining project in Lake Maliq. The United States considered the situation unacceptable and wanted withdrawing the mission, which it did on November 2, 1946. All in all, the decision to split from Albania was in part due to it not being important to the United States political or economic interests. The U.S. trade balance in the nation was $280,000; while","purchased through a company in Bermuda. John Grayken John Patrick Grayken (born June 1956) is an American-born Irish billionaire financier, the founder and chairman of the private equity firm Lone Star Funds. John Patrick Grayken was born in June 1956, and was brought up in Cohasset, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. He received a BA degree in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania, and an MBA from the Harvard Business School in 1982. Grayken first worked at Morgan Stanley, before joining the Texas billionaire Robert Bass. Grayken founded Lone Star in 1995. In 1999, Grayken became an Irish citizen, \"for","Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program of Arts & Science\". Initiated by then U.S. Senator Harry Reid (D-Nevada) to study unexplained aerial phenomena at the urging of Reid's friend, Nevada businessman and governmental contractor Robert Bigelow, and with support from the late Senators Ted Stevens (R-Alaska) and Daniel Inouye (D-Hawaii), the program began in the Defense Intelligence Agency in 2007 and ended after five years, with a budget of $22 million spread out over five years. Interviewed in the aftermath of the program's disclosure, Reid expressed pride in his accomplishment, and was quoted as saying \"I think it's one of the good things I did in","Millennium Challenge Corporation The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) is a bilateral United States foreign aid agency established by the U.S. Congress in 2004, applying a new philosophy toward foreign aid. It is an independent agency separate from the State Department and USAID. At the Inter-American Development Bank meeting on March 14, 2002, President George W. Bush called for a new compact for development with accountability for both rich and poor countries. He pledged to increase development assistance by 50% by fiscal year 2006 (which, by the end of 2004, doubled and was to double again by 2010). Other development programs","2013, Governor Mike Beebe conferred Honorary Citizenship of Arkansas State on Chief Ms. Temitope Ajayi alongside few other prominent Nigerians: Alhaji Aliko Dangote, President of Dangote Group; Governor Rabiu Kwankwaso of Kano State; Dr. Akinwunmi Adesina, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development; Prof. Tajudeen Gbadamosi, a former lecturer of University of Lagos; Prof. Ade Adefuye, the Nigeria’s Ambassador to the United States; Prof. Julius Okojie, the Executive Secretary of the National Universities Commission; Mr. Robert Brunner, the Vice President America’s Arik Air International; and Mr. Kester Ifeadi, the Managing Director of Contemporary Group Ltd. In 2014, Chief Temitope Ajayi was","Tarik Freitekh Tarik Freitekh طارق فريتخ (born 5 October 1987) is an American businessman, producer, and director. He runs his own international distribution company in Dubai, recording studios in Hollywood, California, and video studios in Miami, Florida. He is also the owner of a number of restaurants and hookah lounges within the United States, and is the co-founder of Starbuzz Entertainment and World Music production. In February 2018, Freitekh's net worth was estimated to be above one billion dollars by Forbes Asia. Freitekh was born October 5, 1987, in Jerusalem. He obtained two bachelor’s degrees: one from the University of","Robert Agostinelli Robert Frank Agostinelli (born May 21, 1953) is an Italian American self made billionaire financier who is the chairman and co-founder of private equity firm Rhône Group. Forbes estimates Agostinelli's net worth to be $1.0 billion, ranking him as the 416th richest American. Agostinelli was ranked #124 amongst the richest people in the United Kingdom by the Sunday Times Rich List in 2012 through to 2018 with a net worth of £689 million. In 2018 Financial News ranked Agostinelli as the 18th richest financier in the United Kingdom. Agostinelli was born to Italian immigrant parents outside of Rochester,","of the anti-immigration movement in the United States, providing more than $76 million. According to IRS documents, in 2016 58% of the money that Colcom gave out went to anti-immigrant groups. Several of the groups funded by the Colcom Foundation have been designated as hate groups by the SPLC, including American Border Patrol, the Center for Immigration Studies (CIS), and the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR). Colcom Foundation The Colcom Foundation is an environmental and charitable organization established in 1996 by Cordelia Scaife May, a Mellon family heiress. The foundation's website indicates principal funding interests reflect a concern for","David Perdue Donald Trump urging him to have the United States withdraw from the Paris Agreement. According to the Center for Responsive Politics, Perdue has received over $180,000 from oil, gas and coal interests since 2012. In 2017, Perdue co-sponsored the RAISE Act, which would reduce legal immigration by 50% and cap refugee admissions to 50,000 individuals per year. Perdue is a close ally of Trump. Perdue fought to prevent the Senate from blocking the Chinese telecom firm ZTE from purchasing American components. The Commerce Department had barred ZTE from doing so for seven years after it accused the firm of having","Theater Group. After moving to Hollywood, he was cast in the WE TV reality show \"Mystery Millionaire\". A 2017 interview with Glazers received nationwide exposure when he appeared on the CBS Evening News as an entrepreneur in support of Donald Trump's immigration ban. Vito Glazers Vito Glazers is an American entrepreneur. In 2009, Glazers first appeared on television as a featured correspondent on Telemnudo's Al Rojo Vivo. The same year he also founded the advertising network CPATank, Inc. Through a fraternal relationship he became involved with Judson University in 2011. He was a supporter of the university's World Leader's Forums","Larry Ellison 2007, Ellison pledged $500,000 to fortify a community centre in Sderot, Israel, after discovering that the building was not fortified against rocket attacks. Other charitable donations by Ellison include a $10 million donation to the Friends of the Israel Defense Forces in 2014, about which he said: \"In my mind, there is no greater honor than supporting some of the bravest people in the world ... These men and women come together with indefatigable purpose, to defend Israel and strive to co-exist in peace.\" In 2017, Ellison donated $16.6 million to the Friends of the Israel Defense Forces. His donation","Operation Juniper Shield Operation Juniper Shield formerly known as Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara (OEF-TS) is the military operation conducted by the United States and partner nations in the Sahara/Sahel region of Africa, consisting of counterterrorism efforts and policing of arms and drug trafficking across central Africa. It is part of the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). The other OEF mission in Africa is Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa (OEF-HOA). The Congress approved $500 million for the Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Initiative (TSCTI) over six years to support countries involved in counterterrorism against alleged threats of al-Qaeda operating in","Ireland Fund. Presiding over the ceremony, President Ronald Reagan remarked: The American Ireland Fund is the largest of 12 funds comprising The Ireland Funds. These funds are private entities dedicated to raising money for Irish charities and the well-being of members of the Irish diaspora. Burns is a lifetime trustee of the organization. On March 21, 2013, Brian P. Burns was inducted into the Irish America Hall of Fame alongside former Vice-President of the United States, Joe Biden. He was introduced at the ceremony by John L. Lahey, President of Quinnipiac University. Burns received Palm Beach Atlantic University's American Free","brochure. On December 18, 2017 President of Azerbaijan Republic Ilham Aliyev presented Elkhan Mammadov with the Azerbaijani President`s honorary diploma. Besides his native Azerbaijani, he is fluent in English, Russian and Turkish. Married with three children. Elkhan Mammadov (official) Elkhan Mammadov is a General Secretary of Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan (AFFA), Project Leader for UEFA EURO 2020 Baku Bid, Vice-President of UEFA Fair Play and Social Responsibility Committee, FIFA Fair Play and Social Responsibility Committee Member. Elkhan Mammadov was born in 1979 in Baku, Azerbaijan. Mammadov received his bachelor's degree in Business Administration and Corporate Management from American","MYC4 MYC4 A/S is a company that allowed its users to invest microcredits via an internet-platform in medium and small businesses in developing countries in Africa. On December 7, 2016, the MYC4 Foundation informed its investors it has decided to cease its activity and to liquidate as solvent. The MYC4 Foundation was the independent, non-profit entity, accepting funds from donors and holding investors’ money on escrow and separate from MYC4 A/S. MYC4 was founded as a joint venture in May 2006 by Mads Kjær, chairman and former CEO of the Kjær Group and Honorary Danish Consul to Ethiopia, and Tim","Name Remains campaign, starring Academy-Award nominee Idris Elba. The campaign won a Gold National ADDY Award, an Official Webby Award Honoree, and was listed as the FWA Site of the Day. McDonald's, Comcast, Procter and Gamble, General Mills, SuperValu, American Airlines, Toyota, Lilly and Disney's Dreamers Academy Burrell Communications Group Burrell Communications Group L.L.C. is an American advertising agency. Founded by chairman emeritus Thomas (Tom) J. Burrell, and headquartered in Chicago, IL, Burrell Communications is one of the largest multi-cultural marketing firms in the world. Some of the company's work is part of a collection in the Library of Congress.","Douglas Kmiec Douglas W. Kmiec (; born September 24, 1951) is an American legal scholar, author, and former U.S. ambassador. He is the Caruso Family Chair and Professor of Constitutional Law at Pepperdine University School of Law. Kmiec came to prominence during the United States presidential election, 2008 when, although a Republican, he endorsed Democrat Barack Obama. In July 2009, he was nominated by President Obama to serve as U.S. Ambassador to Malta. He was confirmed by the Senate and served for close to two years as ambassador to Malta. He resigned his post effective May 31, 2011. Kmiec received","Sponsors for Educational Opportunity Sponsors for Educational Opportunity (SEO) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing supplemental educational and career support to young people from underserved communities. SEO has been the recipient of numerous awards and distinctions, including five four-star ratings by Charity Navigator, the College Board’s 2011 CollegeKeys Compact Innovation Awards, and selection as one of the top-performing non-profits in the country by Social Impact Exchange’s new giving platform, S&I 100. Henry Kravis was named chairman of the organization in 2014. Founded in 1963 by Michael Osheowitz with a mission to provide talented and motivated young people from underserved","Anne Dias-Griffin she co-founded in 2009; it was dissolved in 2014 due to the couple's divorce. The foundation focused on early childhood education, the arts, and medical research, with particular emphasis on the health of women and children. The Griffins pledged more than $100 million to leading innovators and entrepreneurs whose initiatives are bringing measurable and sustainable change to the community. Dias organized a national conference on early childhood education every year in Chicago for teachers, academic researchers and public policy experts. In 2006, Anne Dias and Kenneth Griffin gave $19 million to the Art Institute of Chicago, and in 2009, the","Awasa a picturesque Rift Valley lake. The park that got 18 leading global apparel and textile companies by the end of 2017 is inaugurated by Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn on 20 June 2017. Construction of the park is led by Industrial Parks Development Corporation (IPDC), which is chaired by Arkebe Oqubay. The park is the first in its kind in the country, consumed more than 250 million USD and built in a time of less than one year. The park is implementing Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) that enables to recycle 90 percent of sewerage disposal water and fulfills international standards. Covering","Barton Family Foundation The Barton Family Foundation is a charity established in 2005 by United States Congressman Joe Barton to provide support to \"select charitable organizations\" in , which Barton represents. His daughter-in-law, Amy Barton, is the Foundation's Executive Director. The foundation spent $130,000 on overhead between 2005 and 2008 and made $90,000 in donations. The foundation drew page one attention from the \"New York Times\" when it was revealed that major energy corporations, such as the Chicago-based nuclear energy producer, Exelon Corporation, make large gifts to the Foundation. In June 2008, at a time when Barton had introduced legislation","4, 2013, the 29-year-old Fredrick Douglas Scott was arraigned as being a fraud by the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York. He is accused of stealing $750,000 to $3.5 million from clients via his hedge fund business. Fredrick D. Scott Fredrick D. Scott African-American financial consultant, private equity investor, venture capitalist, and motivational speaker. In 2010 he was named one of \"Ebony\" magazine′s \"Top 30 Under 30\", described as \"the youngest African-American hedge fund founder in history\". According to the \"Ebony\" article, in 2008 Scott founded Acacia Conglomerate, Inc., and the following year founded ACI Capital","be distributed over the next three years by the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs for research on education issues. This is the second gift from the Overdeck Family Foundation, the first of which was $1 million donated in 2016. That same month, the Overdeck Family Foundation pledged $3 million to Opportunity Insights, a policy and research institute based at Harvard University that will publish data on the probability that children will escape poverty based on where they were raised. John Overdeck John Albert Overdeck (born 1969/1970) is an American billionaire hedge fund manager and philanthropist. Overdeck is","Eurasian Development Bank 2009, the ACF member states appointed EDB the manager of the Fund. As the ACF manager, EDB prepares and implements the Fund's programme. In June 2015 ACF was renamed as the Eurasian Fund for Stabilization and Development (EFSD). The Fund has been renamed because of the abolishment of the EurAsEC as a result of the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The Fund has two instruments at its disposal: In addition to financial and investment credits, it can provide grants to its member states. In 2010-2011, the Fund authorised financial credit for Tajikistan (US$70 million) and Belarus (US$3 billion).","American Media, Inc. American Media, Inc. (A.M.I.), is an American publisher of magazines, supermarket tabloids, and books based in New York City. On December 12, 2018, the U.S. Attorney's Office reported that A.M.I. admitted to paying $150,000 to Karen McDougal in concert with a candidate's presidential campaign for the sole purpose of preventing damaging allegations prior to the 2016 election for President of the United States. The modern American Media came into being after Generoso Pope, Jr., longtime owner of the \"National Enquirer\", died in 1988, and his tabloids came under new ownership. American tabloids began consolidating in 1990, when","and CEO of Intel. She climbed Tanzania's Mt. Kilimanjaro in August 2007 and bicycled 900 kilometers throughout Finland while Ambassador. Barbara Barrett Barbara Barrett (born December 26, 1950) is an American businesswoman and diplomat. Barrett is chair of the Aerospace Corporation and a member of the boards of California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, RAND Corporation, Smithsonian Institution, Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans, and Lasker Foundation. Barrett earned her bachelor's, master's, and law degrees at Arizona State University. Honorary doctorates have been conferred by ASU, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Thunderbird, University of South Carolina, Pepperdine University and Finlandia University.","Entertainment Industry Foundation The Entertainment Industry Foundation (EIF), based in Los Angeles, United States, is a 501(c)(3) non-profit charitable organization of the entertainment industry. EIF funds more than 300 charitable organizations annually, both in the Los Angeles area and throughout the United States. EIF creates high-profile programs and events that address critical social issues, urgent needs, and raise significant funds for sustainable initiatives that can stimulate innovation and transform lives within the philanthropic space. Thanks to the commitment of our supporters, individuals and corporations, EIF is able to champion a wide variety of worthy causes. The Entertainment Industry Foundation (formerly","... not on a par with other candidates.\" Three days later he apologized, and pledged \"total support\" for Strong. Red McCombs Billy Joe \"Red\" McCombs (born October 19, 1927), is an American billionaire. He is the founder of the Red McCombs Automotive Group in San Antonio, Texas, a co-founder of Clear Channel Communications, chairman of Constellis Group, a former owner of the San Antonio Spurs, San Antonio Force, Denver Nuggets, the Minnesota Vikings, and the namesake of the McCombs School of Business at the University of Texas at Austin. He is on the Forbes 400 list of richest Americans. He","such as Russell Simmons. RushCard's cards run on the Visa Inc. network and are issued by MetaBank. In 2016, it began offering a credit card. On January 30, 2017, it was reported that UniRush LLC would be sold to Green Dot Corp. in a deal valued around $147 million. The deal, to close at the end of the quarter, was said to add around 750,000 cardholders to Green Dot's network. Rush Communications Rush Communications is the company owned and founded by the hip-hop pioneer Russell Simmons. It is one of the largest African American owned media firms in the United","Kuwait Investment Authority The Kuwait Investment Authority (KIA) is Kuwait's sovereign wealth fund, managing body, specializing in local and foreign investment. It is the 5th largest sovereign wealth fund in the world with assets exceeding $592 billion. It is a member of the International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds and has signed up to the Santiago Principles on best practice in managing sovereign wealth funds. KIA was founded on 23 February 1953 to manage the funds of the Kuwaiti Government in light of financial surpluses after the discovery of oil. KIA is the world's first and oldest sovereign wealth fund.","The Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans The Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans, founded by Paul Soros and Daisy Soros, is a United States postgraduate fellowship for immigrants and children of immigrants. Each Fellow receives up to $90,000 in funding toward their graduate education, which can be in any field and at any university at the US. The Fellowship, which honors the contributions of immigrants to the US, was founded in 1997. In 2010, the couple had contributed a total of $75 million to the organization's charitable trust. Past fellows include the former United States","Abram Fitkin Abram Edward Fitkin (September 18, 1878 – March 18, 1933) was an American minister, investment banker, businessman, public utilities operator, and philanthropist, who founded and ran dozens of companies, including A.E. Fitkin & Co.; the National Public Service Corporation; the United States Engineering Corporation; and the General Engineering and Management Corporation, which by 1926 managed 178 utility companies in 18 US states and over 1,000 local communities. As a philanthropist Fitkin donated in excess of $3,000,000 to finance the construction of the Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Hospital in Manzini, Swaziland; the Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Institution in Scobeyville, New Jersey;","W. M. Keck Foundation The W. M. Keck Foundation is an American charitable foundation supporting scientific, engineering, and medical research in the United States. It was founded in 1954 by William Myron Keck, founder and president of Superior Oil Company (now part of ExxonMobil). The Foundation's trust fund currently has assets in excess of $USD1 billion. From its founding until his death in 1964, the Foundation was led by William Myron Keck. From 1964 to 1995, it was led by W. M. Keck's son, Howard B. Keck. Robert Addison Day, W. M. Keck's grandson has been chairman and president since","Mostazafan Foundation The Mostazafan Foundation of Islamic Revolution () formerly Bonyad-e Mostazafan va Janbazan (Foundation of the Oppressed and Disabled or \"MFJ\") is a charitable \"bonyad\", or foundation, in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the second-largest commercial enterprise in Iran behind the state-owned National Iranian Oil Company and biggest holding company in the Middle East. According to one of the foundation's former directors, Mohsen Rafighdoost, Mostazafan allocates 50 percent of its profits to providing aid to the needy in the form of low-interest loans or monthly pensions, while it invests the remaining 50 percent in its various subsidiaries. With over","Scandinavia House – The Nordic Center in America corporations, and foundations, as well as the Nordic governments and the Nordic Council of Ministers. Scandinavian House is under the management of the American-Scandinavian Foundation which was founded by Niels Poulson. Poulson was a Danish-American who owned a successful iron manufacturing company, Pulsen & Eger whose name was later changed to Heckla, after an active Volcano in Iceland. In 1910, he founded ASF (initially known as American Scandinavian Society) which was a publicly funded, non-profit organization. The aim of the organization was to support cultural activities by funding a wide array of fellowships, grants, internships, and published materials. ASF was","American Asthma Foundation The American Asthma Foundation (AAF) is a non-profit grant program that funds basic research focused on asthma. Its stated mission is to improve treatments for, prevent, and find a cure for asthma. Established in 1999, it is the largest private funder of asthma research, having awarded over $110,000,000 in grant funds to 182 scientists. The American Asthma Foundation has employed an unusual strategy to advance basic research in asthma: nearly all AAF grant funding has supported scientists who never before studied asthma. The concept is to recruit outstanding investigators from other fields in order to bring fresh","Wael Elhalwani Wael Elhalwani (وائل الحلواني) (born 14 January 1978) is the founder, chief executive officer and director of Starbuzz Tobacco Inc., Starbuzz Entertainment, SBM Mundial, SBIT, SBLT, a UHRO Ambassador and inventor of the Ehose. In August 2014, Entrepreneur magazine in the Levant called him the \"Don of Hookah.\" Elhalwani moved to the United States when he was 16 years old to pursue what he calls \"his dream, the American dream.\" Growing up, he was a very talented soccer player and this resulted in him earning a scholarship. In addition to founding and directing Starbuzz Tobacco Inc, Starbuzz Entertainment,","NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund The NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. (NAACP LDF, the Inc. Fund, Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc., or LDF) is a leading United States civil rights organization and law firm based in New York City. The organization can trace its origins to the legal department of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People that was created by Charles Hamilton Houston in the 1930s. However, in 1940, Thurgood Marshall established LDF as a separate legal entity and, in 1957, the organization became totally independent of the NAACP. Sherrilyn Ifill currently serves","AMAG Automobil- und Motoren AMAG Automobil- und Motoren AG is a Swiss car importer and dealer for Audi, Volkswagen, Skoda, and SEAT cars, founded on January 3, 1945 by Walter Haefner. AMAG generated sales of CHF 4,4 billion in 2015 and employed 5,400 people. AMAG is a group of Swiss companies owned by Careal Holding AG (Zurich). It includes AMAG Import which imports and buys cars from producers into Switzerland and sells them to local Swiss resellers, AMAG Leasing AG (a company making leasing contracts on some of the cars imported), most of the larger resellers of AMAG imported cars,","Veselin Jevrosimović first Serb to be recognized as an honorary citizen of Boston, for his company's contributions to the city's economy. As for awards, he has been recognized for being a \"Top Manager of Southeastern Europe\", an \"IT Industry Legend (Monte Carlo)\", and the \"Most Innovative Investor in Southeastern Europe\". In 2017, Jevrosimovic attended the inauguration of American President Donald Trump. Veselin Jevrosimović Veselin Jevrosimovic (; born 1966) is an influential businessman in Serbia who is known for being the owner and chairman of the IT company ComTrade Group. Referred to as the “Serbian Bill Gates”, he also owns the digital media","Micro-enterprise primarily interested in earning a living to support themselves and their families. They only grow the business when something in their lives changes and they need to generate a larger income. According to information found on the Census.gov website, microenterprises make up 95% of the 28 million US companies tracked by the census. The concepts of microenterprise and microfinance were pioneered in 1976 by Nobel Prize recipient Muhammad Yunus, founder of the Grameen Bank (Bank of the Rural), in Bangladesh. The bank was established for the purpose of making small loans to the poor − predominantly women – to help","event. Numerous notable individuals have been actively involved with the charity. Reese Witherspoon served on the Board of Directors. J.J. Abrams has funded CDF Freedom Schools in the past. Children's Defense Fund The Children's Defense Fund (CDF) is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that focuses on child advocacy and research. It was founded in 1973 by Marian Wright Edelman. The CDF was founded in 1973, citing inspiration from the Civil Rights Movement, with the goal of improving federal policies concerning child welfare and public education systems. CDF is headquartered in Washington, D.C., and has offices in several states around the","Al Whittaker Al Whittaker (1918 – September 27, 2006) founded the non-profit organization Opportunity International and helped to popularize microcredit lending. In 1971, Whittaker left his job as president of Bristol Myers to found the Institute for International Development Incorporated (IIDI), a micro-enterprise organization. Barry Harper was IIDI's first Executive Director and oversaw establishment of offices in Colombia, Peru, Honduras, Kenya, the Dominican Republic and Indonesia. Australian philanthropist David Bussau Maranatha Trust came on staff with IIDI in 1979 and began expanding its work in Asia. In 1988, IIDI changed its name to Opportunity International. Since that time, it has","Sunil Sabharwal Sunil Sabharwal(in Punjabi ਸੁਨੀਲ ਸਭਰਵਾਲ) is the Alternate Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund, to which he was appointed by the White House on April 3, 2014. He is an independent business investor and advisor of Indian-Hungarian descent who escaped from the Hungarian People's Republic in 1983 and returned in 1992 after the collapse of communism to set up the Budapest office of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Most recently, he was Chairman of the Board of Ogone, a European Internet payment services company with headquarters in Brussels, Belgium. A former NCAA All-American and","League, and Alzheimer's Foundation of America. Catsimatidis was the vice-chairman of the Ellis Island Awards Foundation of the National Ethnic Coalition Organization (NECO), and received an Ellis Island Medal of Honor from that organization. Catsimatidis has also served for many years on the board of the Guardian Angels, an organization started in New York City in 1979 by Curtis Sliwa. John Catsimatidis John A. Catsimatidis (born September 7, 1948) is an American billionaire businessman and radio talk show host. He is the owner, president, chairman, and CEO of Gristedes Foods, the largest grocery chain in Manhattan, and the Red Apple","American Anti-Slavery Group The American Anti-Slavery Group (AASG) is a non-profit coalition of abolitionist organizations that engages in political activism to abolish slavery in the world. It raises awareness of contemporary slavery, particularly among the chattel slaves of Mauritania and Sudan, raises funds to support relief and aid to enslaved populations and escaped former slaves, and lobbies government officials to increase their efforts. AASG' AASG was co-founded in 1993 by Charles Jacobs (who served as its first research director) with African human rights activists Mohamed Athie of Mauritania and David Chand of Sudan. Incorporated in Newton, Massachusetts, the AASG reports","AmeriServ Financial AmeriServ Financial, Inc. is a bank holding company based in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. It operates AmeriServ Financial Bank, AmeriServ Trust and Financial Services Company, and AmeriServ Life Insurance Company. The bank operates 18 automated teller machines. Since 1996, the company has been the main sponsor of the Flood City Music Festival in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. In January 1983, USBANCORP, INC. was formed as a bank holding company. In October 1987, AmeriServ Life Insurance Company was formed. In October 1992, AmeriServ Trust and Financial Services Company was formed. In May 2001, the company changed its name to AmeriServ Financial, Inc. In","International Rescue Committee) and the introductory remarks before the screening by Mr. Miliband and the featured speaker Her Majesty Queen Rania Al Abdullah of Jordan. That video has been viewed over 42,000 times. Beyond AFI and NBCUniversal, \"Salam Neighbor\"'s social impact partners are the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), International Rescue Committee (IRC) and Save the Children. \"Salam Neighbor\" offers its audience the opportunity to donate to these partners. By the end of January 2017, over $156,000 had been raised. \"Salam Neighbor\" did not utilize a normal theatrical release. Instead, the film launched with on-demand theatrical and community screenings through Tugg.","Inter-American Foundation The Inter-American Foundation, or IAF, is an independent agency of the United States government that funds development projects undertaken by grassroots groups and nongovernmental organizations in Latin America and the Caribbean. It was created through the Foreign Assistance Act of 1969 as an experimental alternative to traditional foreign assistance that operates government-to-government on a much larger scale. The IAF receives its funds through annual allocations by Congress and from the Social Progress Trust Fund administered by the Inter-American Development Bank and consisting of payments on U.S. government loans extended under the Alliance for Progress to various Latin American","AIA Group in Myanmar. Since 2013, AIA has had an exclusive bancassurance agreement with Citibank that encompasses 11 AIA markets in the Asia-Pacific region. In August 2013, AIA became the official shirt partner of Premier League football club Tottenham Hotspur. AIA's contract with Tottenham was renewed in May 2017 and will extend through the 2021–2022 Premier League season. AIA traces its roots to 2 June 1919 when Cornelius Vander Starr founded what was then known as American Asiatic Underwriters in Shanghai, China (later American International Underwriters). Starr eventually expanded his business throughout the world. In 21 January 1939, Starr relocated his head","Allen & Company Sun Valley Conference The Allen & Company Sun Valley Conference is an annual media finance conference hosted and wholly independently funded by private investment firm Allen & Company. The conference has taken place in Sun Valley, Idaho for one week each July since 1983. The gathering typically includes major political figures, business leaders, and figures in the philanthropic and cultural spheres. Previous conference guests have included Bill and Melinda Gates, Warren and Susan Buffett, Tony Blair, Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Allen alumnus and former Philippine Senator Mar Roxas, Google Chairman Eric Schmidt, Quicken Loans","Center for American Progress donors include George Soros, Peter Lewis, Steve Bing, and Herb and Marion Sandler. The Center receives undisclosed sums from corporate donors. In December 2013, the organization released a list of its corporate donors, which include Walmart, CitiGroup, Wells Fargo, defense contractor Northrop Grumman, America's Health Insurance Plans, and Eli Lilly and Company. In 2015, CAP released a partial list of its donors, which included 28 anonymous donors accounting for at least $5 million in contributions. Named donors included the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates, which each gave between $500,000 and $999,999. CAP's","Richard Chaifetz Richard A. Chaifetz is an American billionaire businessman, investor, licensed neuropsychologist, and philanthropist. He is the founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Chicago-based ComPsych Corporation, the world's largest provider of employee assistance programs. He is also the founder of the Chaifetz Group, a private investment firm focusing on early stage and middle-market companies. He appears regularly in The Wall Street Journal, USA Today, Bloomberg Businessweek, and Time. He has been listed in the Crain’s Chicago Business annual Who’s Who list annually since 2004. He is the naming donor of Saint Louis University's Richard A. Chaifetz School of","Albanian Mixed Martial Arts Federation The Albanian Mixed Martial Arts Federation (AMMAF or FSHNJ) () is the head governing body for the sport of professional MMA and promotion of this sport in Albania. The \"AMMAF\" was founded in 2012 by Arjan Rizaj (currently President of the AMMAF) to improve and promote the MMA in the country, such as boxing; wrestling; kickboxing; Brazilian Jiu Jitsu and others martial arts. The Federation is also recognized by the Ministry of Education and Sport and is a member of the International Mixed Martial Arts Federation (IMMAF). The Albanian Mixed Martial Arts Federation was founded","Liesel Pritzker Simmons Forbes 400, the most from any single family. Under the settlement, Liesel and Matthew each received roughly U.S. $280 million in cash and were given more control over other trusts valued at about U.S. $170 million each. Liesel Pritzker is the founder of Young Ambassadors for Opportunity (YAO), a network of young professionals who aim to inspire, educate, and involve others in microfinance and the work of Opportunity International. In June 2009, she donated $4 million to Opportunity International to help expand microfinance services in Africa. She is the co-founder of the IDP Foundation, Inc and Blue Haven Initiative. Pritzker","2015 and the inaugural United Arab Emirates Golf Amateur Tour in the low handicap category in 2017. Sean Ewing Sean Patrick Ewing (age 51) is an Irish entrepreneur involved in the fund management and yachting industries. He established FundsDirect in 1999 and co-founded Absolute Capital Management in 2004. In 2009 he acquired a majority stake in Pinmar, the world's largest yacht painting company, from the Ferretti Group. His wealth has been estimated at €95m and he has featured on the \"Irish Independent's\" Irish Rich List since 2010. Ewing, a native of Donegal, was born the Irish seaport of Sligo in","Aardvark (search engine) (sold to Google), BackTweets by Backtype (sold to Twitter), Blip.tv, BrightRoll, Chomp (search engine) (sold to Apple), CrowdFlower, Flowtown (sold to Demandforce which was sold to Intuit), Founders Fund, LabPixies (sold to Google), Meebo (sold to Google), MerchantCircle (sold to Reply.com), mob.ly (sold to GroupOn), Pingboard, Scopely, Thumbtack (website), Zoom Systems., and others. Auren Hoffman Auren Raphael Hoffman (born 1974) is an American entrepreneur, angel investor and author. Hoffman is a son of Amalia Hoffman of Larchmont, New York, and Edward M. Hoffman of Montvale, New Jersey. Amalia Hoffman is an author and illustrator of children’s books.","Enterprise Community Partners Enterprise Community Partners, formerly The Enterprise Foundation, is a Columbia, Maryland-based nonprofit organization that works with partners nationwide to finance, build and advocate for affordable housing for low- and moderate-income families. Founded in 1982 by developer/philanthropist James W. Rouse and his wife Patty, Enterprise has worked with community-based nonprofit organizations to develop nearly 470,000 homes, investing $28.9 billion throughout the United States. Enterprise is a family of companies comprising Enterprise Community Partners (the parent nonprofit organization) and its related organizations: Enterprise Community Investment (a financial services company), Enterprise Community Asset Management (a multifamily asset management firm), Enterprise","to a heavy storm. At the same day, seven workers were killed, 23 reported missing, and 33 were rescued and evacuated when a fire broke out on the platform No. 10 at the western section of the Gunashli oilfield. Since 2012, SOCAR has sought to avoid U.S. sanctions aimed at Iran, its partner in a 28 billion dollar Caspian Sea natural gas project. In May 2013, UEFA announced that SOCAR is an Official Sponsor of the 2016 UEFA European Football Championship final tournament, and acquires rights in connection with the European Qualifiers, which run from 2014 to 2017, and which","AEI World Forum The AEI World Forum is an annual meeting of business and financial executives, heads of government, government officials, and intellectuals. Held every spring in Sea Island, Georgia, it is sponsored by the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) and the Vail Valley Foundation, and it features a number of AEI scholars and fellows. In 1976, U.S. president Gerald Ford hosted the second G7 summit in San Juan, Puerto Rico. During his presidency, Ford became close friends with three of the other heads of government present at the summit: British prime minister James Callaghan, French president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, and","the establishments share the same tiny kitchen and offer the same food and drink menus. Located near Indiana University Southeast and across the river from the University of Louisville, the NABC is frequented by students and faculty of both schools. New Albanian Brewing Company The New Albanian Brewing Company, located in the Metropolitan Louisville area in New Albany, Indiana, is a regional craft brewer with distribution throughout the states of Indiana and Kentucky. It has been rated as high as sixth among the world's craft breweries according to Ratebeer.com. It is the first commercial brewery to operate in New Albany","Jonathan Lavine 2017, Jonathan and Jeannie Lavine donated $12.5 million to Harvard Business School to establish scholarships for first-generation college students. The donation was the largest in the school’s history for scholarships. Board memberships and support In 2007, the Lavines formed the Crimson Lion Foundation, a private family foundation through which they concentrate their philanthropic activities. Since 2012, the Lavines have supported LIFT Communities. In 2017, they donated $4 million to establish the Lavine Family Innovation Fund to develop services that help families living in poverty achieve economic mobility. In July 2016, Lavine donated $1 million to civil rights lawyer Bryan Stevenson's","East African Children's Education Fund The East African Children’s Education Fund, known as EACEF, is a not-for-profit organization founded by a group of high school students in October 2007. EACEF is student-staffed and operates as a fully independent 501(c)3 public charity. EACEF seeks to improve educational environments in East Africa by constructing school buildings and implementing learning programs. Having raised in excess of $250,000 dollars, EACEF is the largest independent student-run nonprofit organization in the United States. EACEF exists to create and promote educational opportunity for academically gifted, economically disadvantaged children in East Africa. Originally focused in Central Province, Kenya,","Diana Blank Diana Latow Blank (born September 13, 1942) is an American philanthropist who founded the Kendeda Fund and the former wife of The Home Depot co-founder, Arthur Blank. Blank was raised in a middle class, Roman Catholic family. Through her Kendeda Fund, founded in 1993, Blank has historically donated anonymously to various Georgia-based causes including $4 million to the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra in the mid-1990s; and $20 million to Children's Healthcare of Atlanta to enable the purchase of Hughes Spalding Children's Hospital, a historically-black hospital in Atlanta, in 2006. In 2015, she was revealed as the person who provided","Ken Howery Kenneth Alan Howery (; born November 4, 1975) is an American entrepreneur. He is co-founder/partner at Founders Fund, a San Francisco-based venture capital firm with over $3 billion under management. On October 16, 2018, President Donald J. Trump nominated Howery to be the United States Ambassador to Sweden. Born in 1975, Howery graduated from Stanford University in 1998 with a B.A. in economics. While at Stanford, he was managing editor of \"The Stanford Review\", a student-run newspaper. The same year he graduated, he co-founded PayPal with Peter Thiel, Luke Nosek, Elon Musk, and Max Levchin. From 1998 to","Glasmuseet Ebeltoft Fero, Robert Fritz, Michael Glancy, Richard Jolley, Jon Kuhn, Marvin Lipofsky, Harvey Littleton, John Littleton/Kate Vogel, Dante Marioni, Richard Marquis, Joel Philip Myers, Mary Shaffer, Paul Stankard, Michael Taylor and Toots Zynsky of the United States. Because it receives no direct financial support from the Danish government, Glassmuseet Ebeltoft relies on sponsorships from Denmark's business community. The museum's three major sponsors are the textile company Kvadrat, Djursland Bank and NRGi energy company. Other corporate supporters include Primagaz, Montana Møbler, Blue Water Shipping, Cerama and Mois Linien. Volunteer help is drawn from the museum's \"Friends Society\", which has about 900 members.","Advisors Asset Management information for structured notes, private placements and MTN market coverage. AAM received prominent distinctions in two categories: Structured Investment Advisor of the Year and U.S. Deal of the Year. The award for U.S. Deal of the Year was given to AAM and \"Citi\" for its successful partnership developing the USD4m Infrastructure Stock Basket-Linked Notes, due 2020. In September 2017, AAM surpassed $1 Billion in Cyrus J. Lawrence UIT Sales. In November 2017, AAM launched its first proprietary exchange-traded funds (ETFs), the AAM S&P 500 High Dividend Value and the AAM Emerging Markets High Dividend Value ETFs. On Monday, April 30,","Hills, Michigan. It is the first statue of Skanderbeg to be erected in the United States. His name is also commemorated in Skanderbeg Military University in Tirana; Skënderbeu Stadium, home of KF Skënderbeu Korçë; and the Order of Skanderbeg. 50 Facts about George Kastrioti Skanderbeg life, the Albanian National Hero (Oculus News) Skanderbeg George Castriot (, 6 May 1405 – 17 January 1468), known as Skanderbeg ( or \"Skënderbeu\" from ), was an Albanian nobleman and military commander, who served the Ottoman Empire in 1423–43, the Republic of Venice in 1443–47, and lastly the Kingdom of Naples until his death.","more notable financial partners is Donald Trump, who, as of May 7, 2013, personally supports new projects on a weekly basis that are also promoted on Trump's Twitter account. In July 2013, the platform supported comedian and radio personality Adam Carolla in his efforts to raise US$1 million in under 30 days for his film \"Road Hard\". Zanker is married to Deborah Zanker, and the two have three children, Ediva, Dylan and Vera Zanker. The family currently resides in Utah. Bill Zanker Bill Zanker is an American businessman, Author, and Producer who is best known for being the founder of","focus & flow. Featured on Forbes, Project EVO is out to revolutionize how millennials work and pursue goals. In February of 2018, Project EVO launched their Indiegogo campaign. Since launching their campaign, Project EVO easily became the #1 funded planner of all time. Reaching $1,017,582 in funds November 18th, 2018 and still growing. Chad Mureta Chad Mureta is an entrepreneur, author, speaker, and consultant. He is the CEO of App Empire and the co-founder of T3 Apps, Empire Apps, and Best Apps. Mureta has led the development and marketing of over 50 apps that have been downloaded more than 150","Alain Ebobissé is CEO of Africa50 and Carole Wamuyu Wainaina is COO. The Chairman of the Board of Directors is Akinwumi Adesina, President of the African Development Bank. Africa50 Africa50 is an infrastructure investment platform that was founded by the African Development Bank (AfDB) and African states. It was conceived after a 2012 declaration by African heads of state as part of the Program for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA) that called for innovative solutions to facilitate infrastructure delivery. Africa50 was ratified by African Finance Ministers in May 2013, and its headquarters were launched in Casablanca, Morocco in September 2014.","Thurgood Marshall College Fund HBCUs. TMCF is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt, charitable organization. In 2015, Apple gave TMCF $50million In 2017, the Charles Koch Foundation and Koch Industries gave TMCF $26.5million In 2018, the Boeing Company gave TMCF $6 million In 2013, TMCF acquired the Opportunity Funding Corporation (OFC), merging the two organizations with TMCF becoming the parent organization. Both organizations share a similar mission of providing service to the HBCU community, particularly in the area of talent identification. OFC, while continuing its efforts to enhance the entrepreneurship curriculum within public and private HBCUs, will now focus on identifying the most promising future entrepreneurs and","Thurgood Marshall College Fund The Thurgood Marshall College Fund (TMCF) is an American non-profit organization that supports and represents nearly 300,000 students attending its 47 member-schools that include public historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs), medical schools, and law schools. The Thurgood Marshall College Fund is named for the U.S. Supreme Court's first African-American Justice, Thurgood Marshall. It is partnered with McDonald's and several other major partners. The organization was established in 1987, under the leadership of Dr. N. Joyce Payne in cooperation with Miller Brewing Company, Sony Music, the NBA, Reebok and the American Association for State Colleges and","revealed that Air Albania's foundation was also tied to the creation of an international airport in Vlorë, also planned in cooperation with the Turkish government. Rama had unveiled the name of the new airline, Air Albania, on 21 November 2017. Air Albania was officially founded on 16 May 2018 by Turkish Airlines, Albcontrol and MDN Investment. Controversy behind the airline's founding erupted when it was discovered that founding partner MDN Investment had been founded 9 days prior, on 7 May 2018. Turkish Airlines contributed 30 million dollars in their start-up. Moreover, on 16 May 2018, the Albanian government had given","Albanian-American Enterprise Fund in a wide array of private enterprises, disseminates western business know-how, and, when appropriate, proposes changes to government policies affecting business. In addition, AAEF provides its portfolio investments with training to establish best business practices that incorporate acceptable financial reporting standards, as well as guidance in enhancing management capabilities and recruiting skilled personnel. The AAEF also provides its portfolio investments with corporate finance and strategic planning advice. The United States Government provided AAEF's initial capital through a grant from the United States Agency for International Development. The original Board members were appointed by the President of the United States. The"],"string":"[\n \"Marc Rich Marc Rich (born Marcell David Reich; December 18, 1934 – June 26, 2013) was an international commodities trader, hedge fund manager, financier and businessman. He was best known for founding the commodities company Glencore and for being indicted in the United States on federal charges of tax evasion and making controversial oil deals with Iran during the Iran hostage crisis. He was in Switzerland at the time of the indictment and never returned to the United States. He received a presidential pardon from U.S. President Bill Clinton on January 20, 2001, Clinton's last day in office. Rich was\",\n \"Rolando Gonzalez-Bunster Rolando Gonzalez-Bunster (born c. 1947) is a US-based Argentine businessman. He is the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of InterEnergy Holdings, a Cayman Islands-based energy company active in the Dominican Republic, Panama, Chile and Jamaica. A college friend of former President Bill Clinton, he is a director of the Clinton Foundation and a major donor to Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign. Gonzalez-Bunster was born circa 1947 in Argentina. He graduated from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. in 1968. While he was in college, he was friends with Bill Clinton. Gonzalez-Bunster built a barge-mounted power plant with the\",\n \"Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute programs, educational trips, and other notable programs. The Institute's work is entirely funded by donations and gifts from organizations and individuals like the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption and the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. CCAI is known for its annual Angels in Adoption award, which allows Members of Congress to nominate a constituent for their work in the adoption, foster care, and child welfare community. Each year, there are several National Angels, individuals or groups that work on a national or global level, are honored. Past recipients include Alonzo Mourning, Darryl McDaniels, Laura Bush, Jane Seymour, Bruce Willis, and Rosie O'Donnell.\",\n \"Power 50 list. And in 2005, AdAge named CEO Greg Strakosch a Top 25 Newsmaker. In 2016, TechTarget named Michael Cotoia as CEO and board member, and elected Greg Stakosch as executive chairman. The company had its initial public offering in May 2007, listing on the NASDAQ exchange with symbol TTGT. Its current board of directors includes EMC Corporation founder Roger Marino, Atlanta Hawks co-owner Bruce Levenson, former CFO of the New York Times Co. , , CEO Michael Cotoia and executive chairman Greg Strakosch. Since launch, the company has made several acquisitions aimed at building its technology content reach:\",\n \"Jean Case Jean Case (born 1959) is an American businesswoman. She is CEO of the Case Foundation, Chairman of the Board of National Geographic, and a philanthropist, investor and technology industry pioneer. She, along with her husband, AOL co-founder Steve Case, created the Case Foundation in 1997 and they joined the Giving Pledge in 2011, committing to give away a majority of their wealth. In June 2006, she was appointed by President George W. Bush to chair the President's Council on Service and Civic Participation. In 2007, Case was asked by U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice to serve as\",\n \"Echoing Green \\\"For the electronic band, see The Echoing Green (band), for the poem see The Echoing Green\\\" Echoing Green is a global nonprofit organization that provides fellowships, seed-stage funding, and strategic support to social entrepreneurs globally. Echoing Green was founded in 1987 by General Atlantic, a global growth private equity firm, to increase social impact by using the venture capital investment model. Since its founding, Echoing Green has invested in more than 700 social entrepreneurs working in more than 75 countries, providing a total of $42 million in seed-stage funding and support systems. Echoing Green manages three Fellowship Programs:\",\n \"December 10, 1967 plane crash that also killed three other Bar-Kays members and Otis Redding. Pha is known for announcing \\\"Ladies and gentlemen\\\" or \\\"This is a Jazze Phizzle product-shizzle!\\\", both at the beginning and, occasionally, at the end of songs on which he is featured. In 1990, Pha was signed to Elektra Records. Jazze Pha Phalon Anton Alexander, professionally known as Jazze Pha ( ), is an American record producer, singer, songwriter and rapper from Atlanta, Georgia. He is the founder and chief executive officer of Sho'nuff Records, which American R&B singer-songwriter Ciara was signed to. Jazze Pha was\",\n \"combined $4.8 million to the Citizens for a Sound Economy, a conservative political group. The Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation, and David H. Koch Charitable Foundation, were among the funders of the Competitive Enterprise Institute, a non-profit, libertarian think tank. David H. Koch Charitable Foundation granted $1 million in 2008 and the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation granted $67,556 in 2009 to the Americans for Prosperity Foundation. Koch family foundations The Koch family foundations are a group of charitable foundations in the United States associated with the family of Fred C. Koch. The most prominent of these are the Charles\",\n \"AmTrust Financial Services Karfunkel in 1998. AmTrust began trading on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on November 13, 2006. In 2016, Barry Zyskind was appointed as Chairman in addition to existing roles as Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of Executive Committee. In December 2014, he was listed by Forbes as the best performing CEO in the Insurance industry. In 2005, Ronald (Ron) Pipoly was appointed as Chief Financial Officer. In 2017, Adam Karkowsky was appointed as Chief Financial Officer. Most of the company’s business is contracted worldwide through more than 20 insurance companies and subsidiaries. The following are some of their US\",\n \"Cyril Taylor (educationist) Sir Cyril Julian Hebden Taylor (14 May 193529 January 2018) was a British educator and social entrepreneur, who founded the American Institute For Foreign Study (AIFS) in 1964. He served as an education reformer and adviser to successive elected British Governments from 1987 to 2007 and founded the City Technology Colleges Trust, subsequently the Specialist Schools and Academies Trust (SSAT). Taylor founded Richmond University the American International University in London in 1971. The University is accredited in the United States and designated by the Department of Education of HM Government in the UK. Taylor was Chancellor of\",\n \"research and knowledge of the issues surrounding the use of clean cookstoves. The organization is supported by governments, corporations, foundations, civil society, investors, and individuals. A number of celebrities and musical artists have used their platforms to shed light on an issue that affects 3 billion people worldwide, including American actor Julia Roberts, world-renowned chef Jose Andres, Second Lady of the Republic of Ghana Samira Bawumia, celebrated Indian chef Sanjeev Kapoor, China's Zhao Wei, and Ghana's Rocky Dawuni. Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves The Clean Cooking Alliance is a non-profit organization operating under the support of the United Nations Foundation.\",\n \"Chabad of California Inc. of an $18-million pledge that the local Jewish nonprofit group said was promised to it by Arnall. Roland Arnall Roland E. Arnall (March 29, 1939 – March 17, 2008) was an American businessman and diplomat. As the owner of ACC Capital Holdings, he became a billionaire with Ameriquest Mortgage. He was co-founder of the Simon Wiesenthal Center, and from 2006 until shortly before his death he was the United States Ambassador to the Netherlands. Roland Arnall was born on March 29, 1939 in Paris, France. His parents were Eastern European Jews who had fled to Paris.\",\n \"In 2010, co-founder Holly Robinson Peete became a candidate on the reality television series The Celebrity Apprentice 3 to raise money for the HollyRod Foundation. At the time of the season finale, Peete had raised the most money for her charity in Celebrity Apprentice history. However, she was not hired by Donald Trump in the finale and finished second to musician Bret Michaels, but earned $597,893 USD to benefit HollyRod. Former NFL quarterback Rodney Peete and his wife actress Holly Robinson Peete established the HollyRod Foundation in 1997 in honor of Holly's father, late actor and television producer Matt Robinson\",\n \"including as physicians, engineers and politicians. In August 2016, Air India commenced direct, one-seat flight service between Ahmedabad and Newark Liberty International Airport in New Jersey, via London Heathrow International Airport. Famous Gujarati Americans include Ami Bera (United States Congress), Reshma Saujani (American politician), Sonal Shah (economist to Whitehouse), Rohit Vyas (Indian American journalist), Bharat Desai (CEO Syntel), Vyomesh Joshi (Forbes), Raj Bhavsar (sports) Halim Dhanidina (first Muslim judge of California), Savan Kotecha (Grammy nominated American songwriter), Mafat and Tulsi Patel (Patel Brothers founders), and Hollywood actresses, Sheetal Sheth and Noureen DeWulf. Gujarati Americans Gujarati Americans are Americans who trace\",\n \"(2013) at Harvard. Zibusiso Mkhwanazi Zibusiso Mkhwanazi (born 10 June 1983, Soweto, South Africa) is Group CEO of M&N Brands and co-founder of Avatar, South Africa’s largest black owned and managed advertising agency. Avatar won Financial Mail’s AdFocus medium sized agency of the year 2016 and were a finalist in 2017. A World Economic Forum Young Global Leader, Mkhwanazi is now building an African owned agency network through his investment company, M&N Brands. Mkhwanazi is also the founder of David’s League, a Christian based business mentorship program designed to uplift and empower young entrepreneurs from disadvantaged backgrounds in their business\",\n \"he cannot use the title \\\"Sir\\\", but may, at his own discretion, use the post-nominal letters \\\"KBE\\\". In 2015, the Bloomberg Terminal was featured prominently in the \\\"Tools of the Trade\\\" financial technology exhibit in Silicon Valley's Computer History Museum, as well as the Smithsonian National Museum of American History. In March 2017, Bloomberg was ranked sixth on the UK-based company Richtopia's list of 200 Most Influential Philanthropists and Social Entrepreneurs. Michael Bloomberg Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born February 14, 1942) is an American businessman, politician, author, and philanthropist. As of June 2018, his net worth was estimated at $51.8 billion,\",\n \"with two former U.S. Representatives, Republican Jennifer Dunn and Democrat Calvin Dooley, as co-chairs. Currently, Republican Philip English and Democrat Vic Fazio, also former U.S. Representatives, co-chair ITIF, while Senators Orrin Hatch and Chris Coons and Representatives Anna Eshoo and Darrell Issa serve as honorary co-chairs. Robert D. Atkinson, former vice-president at the Progressive Policy Institute, is president of ITIF. In 2018 the website of the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation listed 31 members. ITIF's stated mission is to promote new ways of thinking about technology-driven productivity, competitiveness and globalization. The newspaper \\\"Roll Call\\\" described ITIF as trying to \\\"navigate\",\n \"InterExchange InterExchange is a non-profit organization and a J-1 visa sponsor designated by the U.S. Department of State. The company manages cultural exchange programs for participants from more than 60 countries who work in the U.S. in short-term positions lasting 4 to 18 months, and for Americans who work and volunteer abroad. Paul and Uta Christianson founded the organization under the name International Student Visitor Services (ISVS) in 1968. InterExchange programs include Au Pair USA, Camp USA, Career Training USA, Work & Travel USA, and Working Abroad. InterExchange also provides grants through its Foundation. InterExchange is a member of several\",\n \"Givova Givova is a sports teamwear and footwear trademark founded in 2008 in Scafati, Italy by Giovanni Acanfora. Currently newtongrange YDA FC main sponsor. #beonthestar In 2018 the quality of Givova sportswear jerseys made world wide attention in a story on involving the intersection of global sportswear brands, World cup teams, and international sanctions against Iran. In 14 June 2018, the New York Times reported that sanctions against Iran blocked the 2018 Iranian World Cup football team from using quality sportswear brands and limited the Iranian team to use sportswear that were exempt from sanctions, such as Givova. Teams and\",\n \"The company was founded by brothers Amir, Eskandar, and Fraydun Manocherian, immigrants to the United States from Iran. In 2012, a subsidiary of the company acquired the Bond Building in Washington, D.C. for $22 million. Manocherian Brothers Manocherian Brothers, and its sister company, Pan Am Equities, are companies owned by the Manocherian family that invest in real estate, primarily tenements on the Upper East Side on First and Second Avenue. Other buildings owned by the family include One Astor Place, 210 Fifth Avenue, 201 East 12th Street, Empire House (located at 200 East 71st Street), New York Tower at East\",\n \"Alternative Energy Promotion Centre The Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC) (Nepali: वैकल्पिक ऊर्जा प्रवर्द्धन केन्द्र, Vaikalpik Urja Pravardhan Kendra) is an independently functioning government institution established by the Government of Nepal with the objectives to popularize and promote the use of renewable energy technologies, raise the living standards of the rural people, protect the environment, and develop commercially viable renewable energy industries in the country. It is governed by nine member board representing government, non-government, industry and financial sectors. AEPC was established in November 3, 1996 (Kartik 18, 2053 B.S.) under then Ministry of Science and Technology of the Government\",\n \"Asian Aid Asian Aid is a non-profit Christian charity organisation that works to implement development projects and provide sponsorship of poverty-stricken children from Bangladesh, Indonesia, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Founded in 1966, Asian Aid is an accredited, supporting ministry of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Based out of Wauchope, New South Wales, Australia, Asian Aid is a member of ACFID and a signatory of the ACFID code for non-government organisations and has a minor supporting branch in the United States led by volunteer John Truscott. Dr John Hammond is the current chairman for the 2014 - 2015 year. Private donations\",\n \"Safe America Foundation The Safe America Foundation is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization working nationally and headquartered in Marietta, GA. The organization was founded in 1994 and partners with corporate, government, public and private sector organizations and non-profit organization to improve the awareness of safety and preparedness in the United States. The Safe America Foundation operates an Emergency Preparedness program and Driver Education program. The \\\"9/11 Drill Down for Safety Campaign\\\"–launched in 2009—promotes the planning and execution of preparedness drills. The overall goal of the campaign is to create a culture of preparedness. The campaign works with families, businesses, public institutions\",\n \"Albania–United States relations one Koço Tashko, who was educated in Harvard. Relations further deteriorated when economic adviser of the U.S. mission, Harry T. Fultz, employees of the American mission (who Fultz taught), along with the UNRRA's representatives, were charged with sabotage of a draining project in Lake Maliq. The United States considered the situation unacceptable and wanted withdrawing the mission, which it did on November 2, 1946. All in all, the decision to split from Albania was in part due to it not being important to the United States political or economic interests. The U.S. trade balance in the nation was $280,000; while\",\n \"purchased through a company in Bermuda. John Grayken John Patrick Grayken (born June 1956) is an American-born Irish billionaire financier, the founder and chairman of the private equity firm Lone Star Funds. John Patrick Grayken was born in June 1956, and was brought up in Cohasset, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. He received a BA degree in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania, and an MBA from the Harvard Business School in 1982. Grayken first worked at Morgan Stanley, before joining the Texas billionaire Robert Bass. Grayken founded Lone Star in 1995. In 1999, Grayken became an Irish citizen, \\\"for\",\n \"Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program of Arts & Science\\\". Initiated by then U.S. Senator Harry Reid (D-Nevada) to study unexplained aerial phenomena at the urging of Reid's friend, Nevada businessman and governmental contractor Robert Bigelow, and with support from the late Senators Ted Stevens (R-Alaska) and Daniel Inouye (D-Hawaii), the program began in the Defense Intelligence Agency in 2007 and ended after five years, with a budget of $22 million spread out over five years. Interviewed in the aftermath of the program's disclosure, Reid expressed pride in his accomplishment, and was quoted as saying \\\"I think it's one of the good things I did in\",\n \"Millennium Challenge Corporation The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) is a bilateral United States foreign aid agency established by the U.S. Congress in 2004, applying a new philosophy toward foreign aid. It is an independent agency separate from the State Department and USAID. At the Inter-American Development Bank meeting on March 14, 2002, President George W. Bush called for a new compact for development with accountability for both rich and poor countries. He pledged to increase development assistance by 50% by fiscal year 2006 (which, by the end of 2004, doubled and was to double again by 2010). Other development programs\",\n \"2013, Governor Mike Beebe conferred Honorary Citizenship of Arkansas State on Chief Ms. Temitope Ajayi alongside few other prominent Nigerians: Alhaji Aliko Dangote, President of Dangote Group; Governor Rabiu Kwankwaso of Kano State; Dr. Akinwunmi Adesina, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development; Prof. Tajudeen Gbadamosi, a former lecturer of University of Lagos; Prof. Ade Adefuye, the Nigeria’s Ambassador to the United States; Prof. Julius Okojie, the Executive Secretary of the National Universities Commission; Mr. Robert Brunner, the Vice President America’s Arik Air International; and Mr. Kester Ifeadi, the Managing Director of Contemporary Group Ltd. In 2014, Chief Temitope Ajayi was\",\n \"Tarik Freitekh Tarik Freitekh طارق فريتخ (born 5 October 1987) is an American businessman, producer, and director. He runs his own international distribution company in Dubai, recording studios in Hollywood, California, and video studios in Miami, Florida. He is also the owner of a number of restaurants and hookah lounges within the United States, and is the co-founder of Starbuzz Entertainment and World Music production. In February 2018, Freitekh's net worth was estimated to be above one billion dollars by Forbes Asia. Freitekh was born October 5, 1987, in Jerusalem. He obtained two bachelor’s degrees: one from the University of\",\n \"Robert Agostinelli Robert Frank Agostinelli (born May 21, 1953) is an Italian American self made billionaire financier who is the chairman and co-founder of private equity firm Rhône Group. Forbes estimates Agostinelli's net worth to be $1.0 billion, ranking him as the 416th richest American. Agostinelli was ranked #124 amongst the richest people in the United Kingdom by the Sunday Times Rich List in 2012 through to 2018 with a net worth of £689 million. In 2018 Financial News ranked Agostinelli as the 18th richest financier in the United Kingdom. Agostinelli was born to Italian immigrant parents outside of Rochester,\",\n \"of the anti-immigration movement in the United States, providing more than $76 million. According to IRS documents, in 2016 58% of the money that Colcom gave out went to anti-immigrant groups. Several of the groups funded by the Colcom Foundation have been designated as hate groups by the SPLC, including American Border Patrol, the Center for Immigration Studies (CIS), and the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR). Colcom Foundation The Colcom Foundation is an environmental and charitable organization established in 1996 by Cordelia Scaife May, a Mellon family heiress. The foundation's website indicates principal funding interests reflect a concern for\",\n \"David Perdue Donald Trump urging him to have the United States withdraw from the Paris Agreement. According to the Center for Responsive Politics, Perdue has received over $180,000 from oil, gas and coal interests since 2012. In 2017, Perdue co-sponsored the RAISE Act, which would reduce legal immigration by 50% and cap refugee admissions to 50,000 individuals per year. Perdue is a close ally of Trump. Perdue fought to prevent the Senate from blocking the Chinese telecom firm ZTE from purchasing American components. The Commerce Department had barred ZTE from doing so for seven years after it accused the firm of having\",\n \"Theater Group. After moving to Hollywood, he was cast in the WE TV reality show \\\"Mystery Millionaire\\\". A 2017 interview with Glazers received nationwide exposure when he appeared on the CBS Evening News as an entrepreneur in support of Donald Trump's immigration ban. Vito Glazers Vito Glazers is an American entrepreneur. In 2009, Glazers first appeared on television as a featured correspondent on Telemnudo's Al Rojo Vivo. The same year he also founded the advertising network CPATank, Inc. Through a fraternal relationship he became involved with Judson University in 2011. He was a supporter of the university's World Leader's Forums\",\n \"Larry Ellison 2007, Ellison pledged $500,000 to fortify a community centre in Sderot, Israel, after discovering that the building was not fortified against rocket attacks. Other charitable donations by Ellison include a $10 million donation to the Friends of the Israel Defense Forces in 2014, about which he said: \\\"In my mind, there is no greater honor than supporting some of the bravest people in the world ... These men and women come together with indefatigable purpose, to defend Israel and strive to co-exist in peace.\\\" In 2017, Ellison donated $16.6 million to the Friends of the Israel Defense Forces. His donation\",\n \"Operation Juniper Shield Operation Juniper Shield formerly known as Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara (OEF-TS) is the military operation conducted by the United States and partner nations in the Sahara/Sahel region of Africa, consisting of counterterrorism efforts and policing of arms and drug trafficking across central Africa. It is part of the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). The other OEF mission in Africa is Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa (OEF-HOA). The Congress approved $500 million for the Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Initiative (TSCTI) over six years to support countries involved in counterterrorism against alleged threats of al-Qaeda operating in\",\n \"Ireland Fund. Presiding over the ceremony, President Ronald Reagan remarked: The American Ireland Fund is the largest of 12 funds comprising The Ireland Funds. These funds are private entities dedicated to raising money for Irish charities and the well-being of members of the Irish diaspora. Burns is a lifetime trustee of the organization. On March 21, 2013, Brian P. Burns was inducted into the Irish America Hall of Fame alongside former Vice-President of the United States, Joe Biden. He was introduced at the ceremony by John L. Lahey, President of Quinnipiac University. Burns received Palm Beach Atlantic University's American Free\",\n \"brochure. On December 18, 2017 President of Azerbaijan Republic Ilham Aliyev presented Elkhan Mammadov with the Azerbaijani President`s honorary diploma. Besides his native Azerbaijani, he is fluent in English, Russian and Turkish. Married with three children. Elkhan Mammadov (official) Elkhan Mammadov is a General Secretary of Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan (AFFA), Project Leader for UEFA EURO 2020 Baku Bid, Vice-President of UEFA Fair Play and Social Responsibility Committee, FIFA Fair Play and Social Responsibility Committee Member. Elkhan Mammadov was born in 1979 in Baku, Azerbaijan. Mammadov received his bachelor's degree in Business Administration and Corporate Management from American\",\n \"MYC4 MYC4 A/S is a company that allowed its users to invest microcredits via an internet-platform in medium and small businesses in developing countries in Africa. On December 7, 2016, the MYC4 Foundation informed its investors it has decided to cease its activity and to liquidate as solvent. The MYC4 Foundation was the independent, non-profit entity, accepting funds from donors and holding investors’ money on escrow and separate from MYC4 A/S. MYC4 was founded as a joint venture in May 2006 by Mads Kjær, chairman and former CEO of the Kjær Group and Honorary Danish Consul to Ethiopia, and Tim\",\n \"Name Remains campaign, starring Academy-Award nominee Idris Elba. The campaign won a Gold National ADDY Award, an Official Webby Award Honoree, and was listed as the FWA Site of the Day. McDonald's, Comcast, Procter and Gamble, General Mills, SuperValu, American Airlines, Toyota, Lilly and Disney's Dreamers Academy Burrell Communications Group Burrell Communications Group L.L.C. is an American advertising agency. Founded by chairman emeritus Thomas (Tom) J. Burrell, and headquartered in Chicago, IL, Burrell Communications is one of the largest multi-cultural marketing firms in the world. Some of the company's work is part of a collection in the Library of Congress.\",\n \"Douglas Kmiec Douglas W. Kmiec (; born September 24, 1951) is an American legal scholar, author, and former U.S. ambassador. He is the Caruso Family Chair and Professor of Constitutional Law at Pepperdine University School of Law. Kmiec came to prominence during the United States presidential election, 2008 when, although a Republican, he endorsed Democrat Barack Obama. In July 2009, he was nominated by President Obama to serve as U.S. Ambassador to Malta. He was confirmed by the Senate and served for close to two years as ambassador to Malta. He resigned his post effective May 31, 2011. Kmiec received\",\n \"Sponsors for Educational Opportunity Sponsors for Educational Opportunity (SEO) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing supplemental educational and career support to young people from underserved communities. SEO has been the recipient of numerous awards and distinctions, including five four-star ratings by Charity Navigator, the College Board’s 2011 CollegeKeys Compact Innovation Awards, and selection as one of the top-performing non-profits in the country by Social Impact Exchange’s new giving platform, S&I 100. Henry Kravis was named chairman of the organization in 2014. Founded in 1963 by Michael Osheowitz with a mission to provide talented and motivated young people from underserved\",\n \"Anne Dias-Griffin she co-founded in 2009; it was dissolved in 2014 due to the couple's divorce. The foundation focused on early childhood education, the arts, and medical research, with particular emphasis on the health of women and children. The Griffins pledged more than $100 million to leading innovators and entrepreneurs whose initiatives are bringing measurable and sustainable change to the community. Dias organized a national conference on early childhood education every year in Chicago for teachers, academic researchers and public policy experts. In 2006, Anne Dias and Kenneth Griffin gave $19 million to the Art Institute of Chicago, and in 2009, the\",\n \"Awasa a picturesque Rift Valley lake. The park that got 18 leading global apparel and textile companies by the end of 2017 is inaugurated by Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn on 20 June 2017. Construction of the park is led by Industrial Parks Development Corporation (IPDC), which is chaired by Arkebe Oqubay. The park is the first in its kind in the country, consumed more than 250 million USD and built in a time of less than one year. The park is implementing Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) that enables to recycle 90 percent of sewerage disposal water and fulfills international standards. Covering\",\n \"Barton Family Foundation The Barton Family Foundation is a charity established in 2005 by United States Congressman Joe Barton to provide support to \\\"select charitable organizations\\\" in , which Barton represents. His daughter-in-law, Amy Barton, is the Foundation's Executive Director. The foundation spent $130,000 on overhead between 2005 and 2008 and made $90,000 in donations. The foundation drew page one attention from the \\\"New York Times\\\" when it was revealed that major energy corporations, such as the Chicago-based nuclear energy producer, Exelon Corporation, make large gifts to the Foundation. In June 2008, at a time when Barton had introduced legislation\",\n \"4, 2013, the 29-year-old Fredrick Douglas Scott was arraigned as being a fraud by the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York. He is accused of stealing $750,000 to $3.5 million from clients via his hedge fund business. Fredrick D. Scott Fredrick D. Scott African-American financial consultant, private equity investor, venture capitalist, and motivational speaker. In 2010 he was named one of \\\"Ebony\\\" magazine′s \\\"Top 30 Under 30\\\", described as \\\"the youngest African-American hedge fund founder in history\\\". According to the \\\"Ebony\\\" article, in 2008 Scott founded Acacia Conglomerate, Inc., and the following year founded ACI Capital\",\n \"be distributed over the next three years by the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs for research on education issues. This is the second gift from the Overdeck Family Foundation, the first of which was $1 million donated in 2016. That same month, the Overdeck Family Foundation pledged $3 million to Opportunity Insights, a policy and research institute based at Harvard University that will publish data on the probability that children will escape poverty based on where they were raised. John Overdeck John Albert Overdeck (born 1969/1970) is an American billionaire hedge fund manager and philanthropist. Overdeck is\",\n \"Eurasian Development Bank 2009, the ACF member states appointed EDB the manager of the Fund. As the ACF manager, EDB prepares and implements the Fund's programme. In June 2015 ACF was renamed as the Eurasian Fund for Stabilization and Development (EFSD). The Fund has been renamed because of the abolishment of the EurAsEC as a result of the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The Fund has two instruments at its disposal: In addition to financial and investment credits, it can provide grants to its member states. In 2010-2011, the Fund authorised financial credit for Tajikistan (US$70 million) and Belarus (US$3 billion).\",\n \"American Media, Inc. American Media, Inc. (A.M.I.), is an American publisher of magazines, supermarket tabloids, and books based in New York City. On December 12, 2018, the U.S. Attorney's Office reported that A.M.I. admitted to paying $150,000 to Karen McDougal in concert with a candidate's presidential campaign for the sole purpose of preventing damaging allegations prior to the 2016 election for President of the United States. The modern American Media came into being after Generoso Pope, Jr., longtime owner of the \\\"National Enquirer\\\", died in 1988, and his tabloids came under new ownership. American tabloids began consolidating in 1990, when\",\n \"and CEO of Intel. She climbed Tanzania's Mt. Kilimanjaro in August 2007 and bicycled 900 kilometers throughout Finland while Ambassador. Barbara Barrett Barbara Barrett (born December 26, 1950) is an American businesswoman and diplomat. Barrett is chair of the Aerospace Corporation and a member of the boards of California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, RAND Corporation, Smithsonian Institution, Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans, and Lasker Foundation. Barrett earned her bachelor's, master's, and law degrees at Arizona State University. Honorary doctorates have been conferred by ASU, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Thunderbird, University of South Carolina, Pepperdine University and Finlandia University.\",\n \"Entertainment Industry Foundation The Entertainment Industry Foundation (EIF), based in Los Angeles, United States, is a 501(c)(3) non-profit charitable organization of the entertainment industry. EIF funds more than 300 charitable organizations annually, both in the Los Angeles area and throughout the United States. EIF creates high-profile programs and events that address critical social issues, urgent needs, and raise significant funds for sustainable initiatives that can stimulate innovation and transform lives within the philanthropic space. Thanks to the commitment of our supporters, individuals and corporations, EIF is able to champion a wide variety of worthy causes. The Entertainment Industry Foundation (formerly\",\n \"... not on a par with other candidates.\\\" Three days later he apologized, and pledged \\\"total support\\\" for Strong. Red McCombs Billy Joe \\\"Red\\\" McCombs (born October 19, 1927), is an American billionaire. He is the founder of the Red McCombs Automotive Group in San Antonio, Texas, a co-founder of Clear Channel Communications, chairman of Constellis Group, a former owner of the San Antonio Spurs, San Antonio Force, Denver Nuggets, the Minnesota Vikings, and the namesake of the McCombs School of Business at the University of Texas at Austin. He is on the Forbes 400 list of richest Americans. He\",\n \"such as Russell Simmons. RushCard's cards run on the Visa Inc. network and are issued by MetaBank. In 2016, it began offering a credit card. On January 30, 2017, it was reported that UniRush LLC would be sold to Green Dot Corp. in a deal valued around $147 million. The deal, to close at the end of the quarter, was said to add around 750,000 cardholders to Green Dot's network. Rush Communications Rush Communications is the company owned and founded by the hip-hop pioneer Russell Simmons. It is one of the largest African American owned media firms in the United\",\n \"Kuwait Investment Authority The Kuwait Investment Authority (KIA) is Kuwait's sovereign wealth fund, managing body, specializing in local and foreign investment. It is the 5th largest sovereign wealth fund in the world with assets exceeding $592 billion. It is a member of the International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds and has signed up to the Santiago Principles on best practice in managing sovereign wealth funds. KIA was founded on 23 February 1953 to manage the funds of the Kuwaiti Government in light of financial surpluses after the discovery of oil. KIA is the world's first and oldest sovereign wealth fund.\",\n \"The Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans The Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans, founded by Paul Soros and Daisy Soros, is a United States postgraduate fellowship for immigrants and children of immigrants. Each Fellow receives up to $90,000 in funding toward their graduate education, which can be in any field and at any university at the US. The Fellowship, which honors the contributions of immigrants to the US, was founded in 1997. In 2010, the couple had contributed a total of $75 million to the organization's charitable trust. Past fellows include the former United States\",\n \"Abram Fitkin Abram Edward Fitkin (September 18, 1878 – March 18, 1933) was an American minister, investment banker, businessman, public utilities operator, and philanthropist, who founded and ran dozens of companies, including A.E. Fitkin & Co.; the National Public Service Corporation; the United States Engineering Corporation; and the General Engineering and Management Corporation, which by 1926 managed 178 utility companies in 18 US states and over 1,000 local communities. As a philanthropist Fitkin donated in excess of $3,000,000 to finance the construction of the Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Hospital in Manzini, Swaziland; the Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Institution in Scobeyville, New Jersey;\",\n \"W. M. Keck Foundation The W. M. Keck Foundation is an American charitable foundation supporting scientific, engineering, and medical research in the United States. It was founded in 1954 by William Myron Keck, founder and president of Superior Oil Company (now part of ExxonMobil). The Foundation's trust fund currently has assets in excess of $USD1 billion. From its founding until his death in 1964, the Foundation was led by William Myron Keck. From 1964 to 1995, it was led by W. M. Keck's son, Howard B. Keck. Robert Addison Day, W. M. Keck's grandson has been chairman and president since\",\n \"Mostazafan Foundation The Mostazafan Foundation of Islamic Revolution () formerly Bonyad-e Mostazafan va Janbazan (Foundation of the Oppressed and Disabled or \\\"MFJ\\\") is a charitable \\\"bonyad\\\", or foundation, in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the second-largest commercial enterprise in Iran behind the state-owned National Iranian Oil Company and biggest holding company in the Middle East. According to one of the foundation's former directors, Mohsen Rafighdoost, Mostazafan allocates 50 percent of its profits to providing aid to the needy in the form of low-interest loans or monthly pensions, while it invests the remaining 50 percent in its various subsidiaries. With over\",\n \"Scandinavia House – The Nordic Center in America corporations, and foundations, as well as the Nordic governments and the Nordic Council of Ministers. Scandinavian House is under the management of the American-Scandinavian Foundation which was founded by Niels Poulson. Poulson was a Danish-American who owned a successful iron manufacturing company, Pulsen & Eger whose name was later changed to Heckla, after an active Volcano in Iceland. In 1910, he founded ASF (initially known as American Scandinavian Society) which was a publicly funded, non-profit organization. The aim of the organization was to support cultural activities by funding a wide array of fellowships, grants, internships, and published materials. ASF was\",\n \"American Asthma Foundation The American Asthma Foundation (AAF) is a non-profit grant program that funds basic research focused on asthma. Its stated mission is to improve treatments for, prevent, and find a cure for asthma. Established in 1999, it is the largest private funder of asthma research, having awarded over $110,000,000 in grant funds to 182 scientists. The American Asthma Foundation has employed an unusual strategy to advance basic research in asthma: nearly all AAF grant funding has supported scientists who never before studied asthma. The concept is to recruit outstanding investigators from other fields in order to bring fresh\",\n \"Wael Elhalwani Wael Elhalwani (وائل الحلواني) (born 14 January 1978) is the founder, chief executive officer and director of Starbuzz Tobacco Inc., Starbuzz Entertainment, SBM Mundial, SBIT, SBLT, a UHRO Ambassador and inventor of the Ehose. In August 2014, Entrepreneur magazine in the Levant called him the \\\"Don of Hookah.\\\" Elhalwani moved to the United States when he was 16 years old to pursue what he calls \\\"his dream, the American dream.\\\" Growing up, he was a very talented soccer player and this resulted in him earning a scholarship. In addition to founding and directing Starbuzz Tobacco Inc, Starbuzz Entertainment,\",\n \"NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund The NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. (NAACP LDF, the Inc. Fund, Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc., or LDF) is a leading United States civil rights organization and law firm based in New York City. The organization can trace its origins to the legal department of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People that was created by Charles Hamilton Houston in the 1930s. However, in 1940, Thurgood Marshall established LDF as a separate legal entity and, in 1957, the organization became totally independent of the NAACP. Sherrilyn Ifill currently serves\",\n \"AMAG Automobil- und Motoren AMAG Automobil- und Motoren AG is a Swiss car importer and dealer for Audi, Volkswagen, Skoda, and SEAT cars, founded on January 3, 1945 by Walter Haefner. AMAG generated sales of CHF 4,4 billion in 2015 and employed 5,400 people. AMAG is a group of Swiss companies owned by Careal Holding AG (Zurich). It includes AMAG Import which imports and buys cars from producers into Switzerland and sells them to local Swiss resellers, AMAG Leasing AG (a company making leasing contracts on some of the cars imported), most of the larger resellers of AMAG imported cars,\",\n \"Veselin Jevrosimović first Serb to be recognized as an honorary citizen of Boston, for his company's contributions to the city's economy. As for awards, he has been recognized for being a \\\"Top Manager of Southeastern Europe\\\", an \\\"IT Industry Legend (Monte Carlo)\\\", and the \\\"Most Innovative Investor in Southeastern Europe\\\". In 2017, Jevrosimovic attended the inauguration of American President Donald Trump. Veselin Jevrosimović Veselin Jevrosimovic (; born 1966) is an influential businessman in Serbia who is known for being the owner and chairman of the IT company ComTrade Group. Referred to as the “Serbian Bill Gates”, he also owns the digital media\",\n \"Micro-enterprise primarily interested in earning a living to support themselves and their families. They only grow the business when something in their lives changes and they need to generate a larger income. According to information found on the Census.gov website, microenterprises make up 95% of the 28 million US companies tracked by the census. The concepts of microenterprise and microfinance were pioneered in 1976 by Nobel Prize recipient Muhammad Yunus, founder of the Grameen Bank (Bank of the Rural), in Bangladesh. The bank was established for the purpose of making small loans to the poor − predominantly women – to help\",\n \"event. Numerous notable individuals have been actively involved with the charity. Reese Witherspoon served on the Board of Directors. J.J. Abrams has funded CDF Freedom Schools in the past. Children's Defense Fund The Children's Defense Fund (CDF) is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that focuses on child advocacy and research. It was founded in 1973 by Marian Wright Edelman. The CDF was founded in 1973, citing inspiration from the Civil Rights Movement, with the goal of improving federal policies concerning child welfare and public education systems. CDF is headquartered in Washington, D.C., and has offices in several states around the\",\n \"Al Whittaker Al Whittaker (1918 – September 27, 2006) founded the non-profit organization Opportunity International and helped to popularize microcredit lending. In 1971, Whittaker left his job as president of Bristol Myers to found the Institute for International Development Incorporated (IIDI), a micro-enterprise organization. Barry Harper was IIDI's first Executive Director and oversaw establishment of offices in Colombia, Peru, Honduras, Kenya, the Dominican Republic and Indonesia. Australian philanthropist David Bussau Maranatha Trust came on staff with IIDI in 1979 and began expanding its work in Asia. In 1988, IIDI changed its name to Opportunity International. Since that time, it has\",\n \"Sunil Sabharwal Sunil Sabharwal(in Punjabi ਸੁਨੀਲ ਸਭਰਵਾਲ) is the Alternate Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund, to which he was appointed by the White House on April 3, 2014. He is an independent business investor and advisor of Indian-Hungarian descent who escaped from the Hungarian People's Republic in 1983 and returned in 1992 after the collapse of communism to set up the Budapest office of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Most recently, he was Chairman of the Board of Ogone, a European Internet payment services company with headquarters in Brussels, Belgium. A former NCAA All-American and\",\n \"League, and Alzheimer's Foundation of America. Catsimatidis was the vice-chairman of the Ellis Island Awards Foundation of the National Ethnic Coalition Organization (NECO), and received an Ellis Island Medal of Honor from that organization. Catsimatidis has also served for many years on the board of the Guardian Angels, an organization started in New York City in 1979 by Curtis Sliwa. John Catsimatidis John A. Catsimatidis (born September 7, 1948) is an American billionaire businessman and radio talk show host. He is the owner, president, chairman, and CEO of Gristedes Foods, the largest grocery chain in Manhattan, and the Red Apple\",\n \"American Anti-Slavery Group The American Anti-Slavery Group (AASG) is a non-profit coalition of abolitionist organizations that engages in political activism to abolish slavery in the world. It raises awareness of contemporary slavery, particularly among the chattel slaves of Mauritania and Sudan, raises funds to support relief and aid to enslaved populations and escaped former slaves, and lobbies government officials to increase their efforts. AASG' AASG was co-founded in 1993 by Charles Jacobs (who served as its first research director) with African human rights activists Mohamed Athie of Mauritania and David Chand of Sudan. Incorporated in Newton, Massachusetts, the AASG reports\",\n \"AmeriServ Financial AmeriServ Financial, Inc. is a bank holding company based in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. It operates AmeriServ Financial Bank, AmeriServ Trust and Financial Services Company, and AmeriServ Life Insurance Company. The bank operates 18 automated teller machines. Since 1996, the company has been the main sponsor of the Flood City Music Festival in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. In January 1983, USBANCORP, INC. was formed as a bank holding company. In October 1987, AmeriServ Life Insurance Company was formed. In October 1992, AmeriServ Trust and Financial Services Company was formed. In May 2001, the company changed its name to AmeriServ Financial, Inc. In\",\n \"International Rescue Committee) and the introductory remarks before the screening by Mr. Miliband and the featured speaker Her Majesty Queen Rania Al Abdullah of Jordan. That video has been viewed over 42,000 times. Beyond AFI and NBCUniversal, \\\"Salam Neighbor\\\"'s social impact partners are the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), International Rescue Committee (IRC) and Save the Children. \\\"Salam Neighbor\\\" offers its audience the opportunity to donate to these partners. By the end of January 2017, over $156,000 had been raised. \\\"Salam Neighbor\\\" did not utilize a normal theatrical release. Instead, the film launched with on-demand theatrical and community screenings through Tugg.\",\n \"Inter-American Foundation The Inter-American Foundation, or IAF, is an independent agency of the United States government that funds development projects undertaken by grassroots groups and nongovernmental organizations in Latin America and the Caribbean. It was created through the Foreign Assistance Act of 1969 as an experimental alternative to traditional foreign assistance that operates government-to-government on a much larger scale. The IAF receives its funds through annual allocations by Congress and from the Social Progress Trust Fund administered by the Inter-American Development Bank and consisting of payments on U.S. government loans extended under the Alliance for Progress to various Latin American\",\n \"AIA Group in Myanmar. Since 2013, AIA has had an exclusive bancassurance agreement with Citibank that encompasses 11 AIA markets in the Asia-Pacific region. In August 2013, AIA became the official shirt partner of Premier League football club Tottenham Hotspur. AIA's contract with Tottenham was renewed in May 2017 and will extend through the 2021–2022 Premier League season. AIA traces its roots to 2 June 1919 when Cornelius Vander Starr founded what was then known as American Asiatic Underwriters in Shanghai, China (later American International Underwriters). Starr eventually expanded his business throughout the world. In 21 January 1939, Starr relocated his head\",\n \"Allen & Company Sun Valley Conference The Allen & Company Sun Valley Conference is an annual media finance conference hosted and wholly independently funded by private investment firm Allen & Company. The conference has taken place in Sun Valley, Idaho for one week each July since 1983. The gathering typically includes major political figures, business leaders, and figures in the philanthropic and cultural spheres. Previous conference guests have included Bill and Melinda Gates, Warren and Susan Buffett, Tony Blair, Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Allen alumnus and former Philippine Senator Mar Roxas, Google Chairman Eric Schmidt, Quicken Loans\",\n \"Center for American Progress donors include George Soros, Peter Lewis, Steve Bing, and Herb and Marion Sandler. The Center receives undisclosed sums from corporate donors. In December 2013, the organization released a list of its corporate donors, which include Walmart, CitiGroup, Wells Fargo, defense contractor Northrop Grumman, America's Health Insurance Plans, and Eli Lilly and Company. In 2015, CAP released a partial list of its donors, which included 28 anonymous donors accounting for at least $5 million in contributions. Named donors included the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates, which each gave between $500,000 and $999,999. CAP's\",\n \"Richard Chaifetz Richard A. Chaifetz is an American billionaire businessman, investor, licensed neuropsychologist, and philanthropist. He is the founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Chicago-based ComPsych Corporation, the world's largest provider of employee assistance programs. He is also the founder of the Chaifetz Group, a private investment firm focusing on early stage and middle-market companies. He appears regularly in The Wall Street Journal, USA Today, Bloomberg Businessweek, and Time. He has been listed in the Crain’s Chicago Business annual Who’s Who list annually since 2004. He is the naming donor of Saint Louis University's Richard A. Chaifetz School of\",\n \"Albanian Mixed Martial Arts Federation The Albanian Mixed Martial Arts Federation (AMMAF or FSHNJ) () is the head governing body for the sport of professional MMA and promotion of this sport in Albania. The \\\"AMMAF\\\" was founded in 2012 by Arjan Rizaj (currently President of the AMMAF) to improve and promote the MMA in the country, such as boxing; wrestling; kickboxing; Brazilian Jiu Jitsu and others martial arts. The Federation is also recognized by the Ministry of Education and Sport and is a member of the International Mixed Martial Arts Federation (IMMAF). The Albanian Mixed Martial Arts Federation was founded\",\n \"Liesel Pritzker Simmons Forbes 400, the most from any single family. Under the settlement, Liesel and Matthew each received roughly U.S. $280 million in cash and were given more control over other trusts valued at about U.S. $170 million each. Liesel Pritzker is the founder of Young Ambassadors for Opportunity (YAO), a network of young professionals who aim to inspire, educate, and involve others in microfinance and the work of Opportunity International. In June 2009, she donated $4 million to Opportunity International to help expand microfinance services in Africa. She is the co-founder of the IDP Foundation, Inc and Blue Haven Initiative. Pritzker\",\n \"2015 and the inaugural United Arab Emirates Golf Amateur Tour in the low handicap category in 2017. Sean Ewing Sean Patrick Ewing (age 51) is an Irish entrepreneur involved in the fund management and yachting industries. He established FundsDirect in 1999 and co-founded Absolute Capital Management in 2004. In 2009 he acquired a majority stake in Pinmar, the world's largest yacht painting company, from the Ferretti Group. His wealth has been estimated at €95m and he has featured on the \\\"Irish Independent's\\\" Irish Rich List since 2010. Ewing, a native of Donegal, was born the Irish seaport of Sligo in\",\n \"Aardvark (search engine) (sold to Google), BackTweets by Backtype (sold to Twitter), Blip.tv, BrightRoll, Chomp (search engine) (sold to Apple), CrowdFlower, Flowtown (sold to Demandforce which was sold to Intuit), Founders Fund, LabPixies (sold to Google), Meebo (sold to Google), MerchantCircle (sold to Reply.com), mob.ly (sold to GroupOn), Pingboard, Scopely, Thumbtack (website), Zoom Systems., and others. Auren Hoffman Auren Raphael Hoffman (born 1974) is an American entrepreneur, angel investor and author. Hoffman is a son of Amalia Hoffman of Larchmont, New York, and Edward M. Hoffman of Montvale, New Jersey. Amalia Hoffman is an author and illustrator of children’s books.\",\n \"Enterprise Community Partners Enterprise Community Partners, formerly The Enterprise Foundation, is a Columbia, Maryland-based nonprofit organization that works with partners nationwide to finance, build and advocate for affordable housing for low- and moderate-income families. Founded in 1982 by developer/philanthropist James W. Rouse and his wife Patty, Enterprise has worked with community-based nonprofit organizations to develop nearly 470,000 homes, investing $28.9 billion throughout the United States. Enterprise is a family of companies comprising Enterprise Community Partners (the parent nonprofit organization) and its related organizations: Enterprise Community Investment (a financial services company), Enterprise Community Asset Management (a multifamily asset management firm), Enterprise\",\n \"to a heavy storm. At the same day, seven workers were killed, 23 reported missing, and 33 were rescued and evacuated when a fire broke out on the platform No. 10 at the western section of the Gunashli oilfield. Since 2012, SOCAR has sought to avoid U.S. sanctions aimed at Iran, its partner in a 28 billion dollar Caspian Sea natural gas project. In May 2013, UEFA announced that SOCAR is an Official Sponsor of the 2016 UEFA European Football Championship final tournament, and acquires rights in connection with the European Qualifiers, which run from 2014 to 2017, and which\",\n \"AEI World Forum The AEI World Forum is an annual meeting of business and financial executives, heads of government, government officials, and intellectuals. Held every spring in Sea Island, Georgia, it is sponsored by the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) and the Vail Valley Foundation, and it features a number of AEI scholars and fellows. In 1976, U.S. president Gerald Ford hosted the second G7 summit in San Juan, Puerto Rico. During his presidency, Ford became close friends with three of the other heads of government present at the summit: British prime minister James Callaghan, French president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, and\",\n \"the establishments share the same tiny kitchen and offer the same food and drink menus. Located near Indiana University Southeast and across the river from the University of Louisville, the NABC is frequented by students and faculty of both schools. New Albanian Brewing Company The New Albanian Brewing Company, located in the Metropolitan Louisville area in New Albany, Indiana, is a regional craft brewer with distribution throughout the states of Indiana and Kentucky. It has been rated as high as sixth among the world's craft breweries according to Ratebeer.com. It is the first commercial brewery to operate in New Albany\",\n \"Jonathan Lavine 2017, Jonathan and Jeannie Lavine donated $12.5 million to Harvard Business School to establish scholarships for first-generation college students. The donation was the largest in the school’s history for scholarships. Board memberships and support In 2007, the Lavines formed the Crimson Lion Foundation, a private family foundation through which they concentrate their philanthropic activities. Since 2012, the Lavines have supported LIFT Communities. In 2017, they donated $4 million to establish the Lavine Family Innovation Fund to develop services that help families living in poverty achieve economic mobility. In July 2016, Lavine donated $1 million to civil rights lawyer Bryan Stevenson's\",\n \"East African Children's Education Fund The East African Children’s Education Fund, known as EACEF, is a not-for-profit organization founded by a group of high school students in October 2007. EACEF is student-staffed and operates as a fully independent 501(c)3 public charity. EACEF seeks to improve educational environments in East Africa by constructing school buildings and implementing learning programs. Having raised in excess of $250,000 dollars, EACEF is the largest independent student-run nonprofit organization in the United States. EACEF exists to create and promote educational opportunity for academically gifted, economically disadvantaged children in East Africa. Originally focused in Central Province, Kenya,\",\n \"Diana Blank Diana Latow Blank (born September 13, 1942) is an American philanthropist who founded the Kendeda Fund and the former wife of The Home Depot co-founder, Arthur Blank. Blank was raised in a middle class, Roman Catholic family. Through her Kendeda Fund, founded in 1993, Blank has historically donated anonymously to various Georgia-based causes including $4 million to the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra in the mid-1990s; and $20 million to Children's Healthcare of Atlanta to enable the purchase of Hughes Spalding Children's Hospital, a historically-black hospital in Atlanta, in 2006. In 2015, she was revealed as the person who provided\",\n \"Ken Howery Kenneth Alan Howery (; born November 4, 1975) is an American entrepreneur. He is co-founder/partner at Founders Fund, a San Francisco-based venture capital firm with over $3 billion under management. On October 16, 2018, President Donald J. Trump nominated Howery to be the United States Ambassador to Sweden. Born in 1975, Howery graduated from Stanford University in 1998 with a B.A. in economics. While at Stanford, he was managing editor of \\\"The Stanford Review\\\", a student-run newspaper. The same year he graduated, he co-founded PayPal with Peter Thiel, Luke Nosek, Elon Musk, and Max Levchin. From 1998 to\",\n \"Glasmuseet Ebeltoft Fero, Robert Fritz, Michael Glancy, Richard Jolley, Jon Kuhn, Marvin Lipofsky, Harvey Littleton, John Littleton/Kate Vogel, Dante Marioni, Richard Marquis, Joel Philip Myers, Mary Shaffer, Paul Stankard, Michael Taylor and Toots Zynsky of the United States. Because it receives no direct financial support from the Danish government, Glassmuseet Ebeltoft relies on sponsorships from Denmark's business community. The museum's three major sponsors are the textile company Kvadrat, Djursland Bank and NRGi energy company. Other corporate supporters include Primagaz, Montana Møbler, Blue Water Shipping, Cerama and Mois Linien. Volunteer help is drawn from the museum's \\\"Friends Society\\\", which has about 900 members.\",\n \"Advisors Asset Management information for structured notes, private placements and MTN market coverage. AAM received prominent distinctions in two categories: Structured Investment Advisor of the Year and U.S. Deal of the Year. The award for U.S. Deal of the Year was given to AAM and \\\"Citi\\\" for its successful partnership developing the USD4m Infrastructure Stock Basket-Linked Notes, due 2020. In September 2017, AAM surpassed $1 Billion in Cyrus J. Lawrence UIT Sales. In November 2017, AAM launched its first proprietary exchange-traded funds (ETFs), the AAM S&P 500 High Dividend Value and the AAM Emerging Markets High Dividend Value ETFs. On Monday, April 30,\",\n \"Hills, Michigan. It is the first statue of Skanderbeg to be erected in the United States. His name is also commemorated in Skanderbeg Military University in Tirana; Skënderbeu Stadium, home of KF Skënderbeu Korçë; and the Order of Skanderbeg. 50 Facts about George Kastrioti Skanderbeg life, the Albanian National Hero (Oculus News) Skanderbeg George Castriot (, 6 May 1405 – 17 January 1468), known as Skanderbeg ( or \\\"Skënderbeu\\\" from ), was an Albanian nobleman and military commander, who served the Ottoman Empire in 1423–43, the Republic of Venice in 1443–47, and lastly the Kingdom of Naples until his death.\",\n \"more notable financial partners is Donald Trump, who, as of May 7, 2013, personally supports new projects on a weekly basis that are also promoted on Trump's Twitter account. In July 2013, the platform supported comedian and radio personality Adam Carolla in his efforts to raise US$1 million in under 30 days for his film \\\"Road Hard\\\". Zanker is married to Deborah Zanker, and the two have three children, Ediva, Dylan and Vera Zanker. The family currently resides in Utah. Bill Zanker Bill Zanker is an American businessman, Author, and Producer who is best known for being the founder of\",\n \"focus & flow. Featured on Forbes, Project EVO is out to revolutionize how millennials work and pursue goals. In February of 2018, Project EVO launched their Indiegogo campaign. Since launching their campaign, Project EVO easily became the #1 funded planner of all time. Reaching $1,017,582 in funds November 18th, 2018 and still growing. Chad Mureta Chad Mureta is an entrepreneur, author, speaker, and consultant. He is the CEO of App Empire and the co-founder of T3 Apps, Empire Apps, and Best Apps. Mureta has led the development and marketing of over 50 apps that have been downloaded more than 150\",\n \"Alain Ebobissé is CEO of Africa50 and Carole Wamuyu Wainaina is COO. The Chairman of the Board of Directors is Akinwumi Adesina, President of the African Development Bank. Africa50 Africa50 is an infrastructure investment platform that was founded by the African Development Bank (AfDB) and African states. It was conceived after a 2012 declaration by African heads of state as part of the Program for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA) that called for innovative solutions to facilitate infrastructure delivery. Africa50 was ratified by African Finance Ministers in May 2013, and its headquarters were launched in Casablanca, Morocco in September 2014.\",\n \"Thurgood Marshall College Fund HBCUs. TMCF is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt, charitable organization. In 2015, Apple gave TMCF $50million In 2017, the Charles Koch Foundation and Koch Industries gave TMCF $26.5million In 2018, the Boeing Company gave TMCF $6 million In 2013, TMCF acquired the Opportunity Funding Corporation (OFC), merging the two organizations with TMCF becoming the parent organization. Both organizations share a similar mission of providing service to the HBCU community, particularly in the area of talent identification. OFC, while continuing its efforts to enhance the entrepreneurship curriculum within public and private HBCUs, will now focus on identifying the most promising future entrepreneurs and\",\n \"Thurgood Marshall College Fund The Thurgood Marshall College Fund (TMCF) is an American non-profit organization that supports and represents nearly 300,000 students attending its 47 member-schools that include public historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs), medical schools, and law schools. The Thurgood Marshall College Fund is named for the U.S. Supreme Court's first African-American Justice, Thurgood Marshall. It is partnered with McDonald's and several other major partners. The organization was established in 1987, under the leadership of Dr. N. Joyce Payne in cooperation with Miller Brewing Company, Sony Music, the NBA, Reebok and the American Association for State Colleges and\",\n \"revealed that Air Albania's foundation was also tied to the creation of an international airport in Vlorë, also planned in cooperation with the Turkish government. Rama had unveiled the name of the new airline, Air Albania, on 21 November 2017. Air Albania was officially founded on 16 May 2018 by Turkish Airlines, Albcontrol and MDN Investment. Controversy behind the airline's founding erupted when it was discovered that founding partner MDN Investment had been founded 9 days prior, on 7 May 2018. Turkish Airlines contributed 30 million dollars in their start-up. Moreover, on 16 May 2018, the Albanian government had given\",\n \"Albanian-American Enterprise Fund in a wide array of private enterprises, disseminates western business know-how, and, when appropriate, proposes changes to government policies affecting business. In addition, AAEF provides its portfolio investments with training to establish best business practices that incorporate acceptable financial reporting standards, as well as guidance in enhancing management capabilities and recruiting skilled personnel. The AAEF also provides its portfolio investments with corporate finance and strategic planning advice. The United States Government provided AAEF's initial capital through a grant from the United States Agency for International Development. The original Board members were appointed by the President of the United States. The\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":860,"string":"860"}}},{"rowIdx":93,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"what is wrong with philip in alexander and the horrible horrible horrible day"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day (film) with him to the interview after dropping Kelly off at work. At school, Paul gives Alexander good news: Philip's birthday party is canceled (as Philip has the chicken pox), so the kids (including Becky and Paul) that were originally going to attend Philip's party will attend Alexander's party instead, much to Alexander's delight. Alexander calls his father, asking him to plan a party for him. Kelly is informed of an embarrassing typo in the book they are publicizing (\"dump\" instead of \"jump\") and needs to stop Dick Van Dyke from reading it at a public reading later. Ben takes Trevor"],"string":"[\n \"Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day (film) with him to the interview after dropping Kelly off at work. At school, Paul gives Alexander good news: Philip's birthday party is canceled (as Philip has the chicken pox), so the kids (including Becky and Paul) that were originally going to attend Philip's party will attend Alexander's party instead, much to Alexander's delight. Alexander calls his father, asking him to plan a party for him. Kelly is informed of an embarrassing typo in the book they are publicizing (\\\"dump\\\" instead of \\\"jump\\\") and needs to stop Dick Van Dyke from reading it at a public reading later. Ben takes Trevor\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["The Philanderer the room and unsuccessfully reminds Julia of her supposedly advanced views on marriage. She changes from belligerence to pleading tears, without effect, and, to the consternation of both, the fathers of Grace and Julia enter together. Colonel Craven is suffering from a liver complaint, and much to Charteris’ impatience \"has fully made up his mind not to survive next Easter\", just to oblige the doctors. Cuthbertson, Grace’s father, is a dramatic critic and theatrically shocked to discover something of the Charteris‐Grace‐Julia triangle; but Charteris explains it is Grace whom he wants to marry. The scene changes to the Ibsen Club,","Rhoda Penmark a very young age. And so, she doesn't remember her biological parents. While at a school picnic, Rhoda mercilessly drowns her classmate, Claude Daigle, who won a special penmanship award that she feels she deserved more. After beating him to death with her tap shoes she retrieves the medal and leaves the dead boy's body in a local lake. While no one suspects Rhoda at first, Christine notices that her daughter seems startlingly indifferent and untroubled by the other child's tragic death. Christine, who has always vaguely sensed something wrong with her daughter, is troubled, but dismisses any possibility that","Harold & Kumar the floor, breaking it and releasing what another passenger thinks is \"Poison gas!\". Harold and Kumar are detained by Ron Fox, a racist Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security, in Washington, D.C., who then sends them to the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. But just as they are about to eat a \"cockmeat sandwich\", the neighboring prisoners assault the guards and they are able to escape back to the United States. They meet with their college friend, Raza, who arranges a car for them to travel to Texas in search of Colton, a member of a family who has connections with political","doesn't always work for the people. Sub-theme: Things are not always as they appear. The Carnival (short story) \"The Carnival\" is an American short story written by Michael Fedo. It was published among other short stories, in the book The story concerns a nation that constructs a deadly amusement park to remedy its overpopulation problems. In charge of this operation is the Populace Control. People who win a ticket are sent to the carnival on a bus; cars would become a problem as many visitors do not return. Passengers who die are placed in black plastic bags and thrown into","Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell believable, because you've got another alien and the two of them can talk about the English in this very natural way.\" The gentleman with the thistle-down hair sees Stephen as a noble savage and enslaves him—like Lady Pole, Stephen is silenced. Both \"suffer under a silencing spell that mimics gaps in the historical record\". Furthermore, the gentleman's desire to acquire Stephen for his dancing hall is reminiscent of the English objectification of black slaves. Stephen vows to hate all white Englishmen after he discovers that they enslaved his mother, but when the gentleman shows him the hanging of the white","Philip II of Macedon suppress revolution. Philip was elected as leader (\"hegemon\") of the army of invasion against the Persian Empire. In 336 BC, with the Persian venture in its earliest stages, Philip was assassinated, and was succeeded as king by his son Alexander III, the soon-to-be conqueror of Persia. Philip was murdered in October 336 BC, at Aegae, the ancient capital of the kingdom of Macedon. The court had gathered there for the celebration of the marriage between Alexander I of Epirus and Cleopatra of Macedon, who was Philip's daughter by his fourth wife Olympias. While the king was entering unprotected into the","A Stitch in Time (The Outer Limits) throughout the episode. FBI agent Jamie Pratt finally uncovers the truth and Givens eventually discloses to Agent Pratt that an unfortunate side-effect of altering time for the time traveler is the sudden merging of two completely different time streams into the brain at once upon return which, over time, has a visible physical impact (causing nosebleeds) and presumably will become fatal given enough occurrences. Dr. Givens herself explains at the end that she is finally making the journey to change her past for fear that she will not survive much longer, but Pratt steps into the time machine after Dr.","Dixie Days (film) Uncle Tom plays a song, which both Popsy and Little Eva dance to. However, the slave-keeper hears this and takes both Uncle Tom and Popsy as slaves, leaving Little Eva in tears. They are both taken to a slave auction, where they have to perform. The first one to perform is Uncle Tom, who falls over at the end of his performance, due to his lack of strength and malnutrition. In response, the keepers blow raspberries at him after the performance. The second to perform is Popsy, who comically treats the audition block as a xylophone. She is viewed more","Modern Library ranked \"Portnoy's Complaint\" 52nd on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. \"Time\" included this novel in its \"\"TIME\" 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005.\" Structurally, \"Portnoy's Complaint\" is a continuous monologue by narrator Alexander Portnoy to his psychoanalyst, Dr. Spielvogel; Roth later explained that the artistic choice to frame the story as a psychoanalytic session was motivated by \"the permissive conventions of the patient-analyst situation,\" which would \"permit me to bring into my fiction the sort of intimate, shameful detail, and coarse, abusive language that [...] in another fictional environment","Fine Things (film) decide to marry. Although his mother Ruth, a proud Jew, is not enthusiastic about Liz's religious background, she eventually comes to accept Liz as her new daughter-in-law. Soon, Liz becomes pregnant and gives birth to a son, Alexander. Life is looking great for the couple. Everything changes when Chandler Scott comes back into their lives. Liz, fearing he will be a part of Jane's life, offers him $25,000 to leave without ever returning. This is despite their lawyer's strong advice not to offer him money, explaining it is illegal. Meanwhile, after Alexander is born, Liz is diagnosed with bone cancer.","is given rough handling and the Chorus leader accuses him of manipulating the political and legal system for personal gain. Cleon bellows to the audience for help and the Chorus urges the sausage-seller to outshout him. There follows a shouting match between Cleon and the sausage seller with vulgar boasts and vainglorious threats on both sides as each man strives to demonstrate that he is a more shameless and unscrupulous orator than the other. The knights proclaim the sausage-seller the winner of the argument and Cleon then rushes off to the Boule to denounce them all on a trumped-up charge","Waiting for Godot he starts laughing, a kidney ailment flares up. Upon Vladimir's return, the increasingly jaded Estragon suggests that they hang themselves, but they abandon the idea when the logistics seem ineffective. They then speculate on the potential rewards of continuing to wait for Godot, but can come to no definite conclusions. When Estragon declares his hunger, Vladimir provides a carrot (among a collection of turnips), at which Estragon idly gnaws, loudly reiterating his boredom. \"A terrible cry\" heralds the entrance of Lucky, a silent, baggage-burdened slave with a rope tied around his neck, and Pozzo, his arrogant and imperious master, who","Fratricide Punished also creates the character of Phantasmo to undertake a variety of roles, often comically. Other notable differences include the lack of Hamlet's \"to be or not to be\" soliloquy, among others, and Ophelia's decision to commit suicide by jumping down a hill. One of the more \"slapstick\" differences comes when the Prince has been sent to England, accompanied by his would-be assassins. He foils their attempt on his life by having them stand on either side of him. At the moment the assassins shoot, Hamlet falls to the ground with the result that they shoot one another instead of him.","prince who rides a magic carpet. The game is then renamed \"\"SpriteQuest\"\". The JPodders, upset that they would not be able to finish their game, decide to sabotage SpriteQuest by inserting a deranged Ronald McDonald. They do this by creating a secret level where Ronald works malevolence, thus creating, in their opinion, a culturally-suitable game for the target market. Ethan begins to date the newest addition to JPod, Kaitlin, and their relationship grows as she discovers that most of the members of the team, including herself, are mildly autistic. Kaitlin develops a hugging machine after researching how autistic people enjoy","The Colonel's Dream being turned down by Mr. Fetters, the Colonel devises a plan to help Johnson escape. However, instead of escaping to the North, Johnson tries to kill Mr. Fetters' son, Barclay Fetters, who actually also hoped to marry Graciella. After being found out, a mob of White racists lynches him. Thus, another person to whom the Colonel is connected is killed at the hands of the White supremacists. The other unfortunate incident entails the passing away of Malcolm Dudley and Viney. Nearing his death, Malcolm Dudley rests on his bed with Viney, his Black housekeeper, at his side. Viney, having faked","have given birth. One of the lambs is black and is rejected by its mother so Jeremiah takes him in and names him Midnight. As Midnight grows he becomes more troublesome around the house and in town when Jeremiah buys jawbreakers in the sweet shop much to the annoyance of Granny Kincaid who gets Jeremiah to keep him outside. As the story progresses Midnight and Jeremiah journey side by side and bond with each other but Granny Kincaid and Uncle Hiram are finding hard times getting money so Jeremiah has the idea of entering Midnight into the Pike County Fair.","Marc Kilgour hair. He lost one front tooth at age 12; it was pulled out by a Gestapo officer. Marc is very intelligent and particularly good at languages. A friendly teacher taught him German as a child, which helped him during Eagle Day, and he picks up English very quickly. The story begins with Marc being beaten by the 'headmaster' of his orphanage. During the air raid that follows, Marc takes his chance and runs away, stealing some of the Headmaster's belongings. He ends up in Charles Henderson's empty house (unaware of its owner). A group of Gestapo officers break into the","\"Repent, Harlequin!\" Said the Ticktockman from one's life. The ultimate consequence is to run out of time and be \"turned off\". This is done by the Master Timekeeper, or \"Ticktockman\", who utilizes a device called a \"cardioplate\" to stop a person's heart once his time has run out. The story focuses on a man named Everett C. Marm who, disguised as the anarchical Harlequin, engages in whimsical rebellion against the Ticktockman. Everett is in a relationship with a girl named Pretty Alice, who is exasperated by the fact that he is never on time. The Harlequin disrupts the carefully kept schedule of his society with","Bartholomew and the Oobleck the oobleck is gone, Bartholomew takes the king to the bell tower. The king rings the bell proclaiming the day a holiday, dedicated not to oobleck, but to rain, sun, fog, and snow, the four things that have always, and should always, come down from the sky. A version recorded by the actor Marvin Miller varies slightly from the book: the king first encounters the oobleck in his royal bathtub, when it comes out of the water faucet, causing him to become stuck. Also, Bartholomew encounters Jesse, the royal cook, who is in panic with what he sees. Oobleck, a","Act Without Words II pile of clothes sit on a low, \"violently lit\" platform at the back of a stage. Both sacks contain a man; B is on the left, A on the right. A long pole (described in the text as a \"goad\") enters from the right, prods the sack containing A to awaken him to his daily routine, and then exits. After needing a second prod A finally emerges. He is slovenly and disorganised. He gobbles pills, prays, dresses randomly, nibbles a carrot, and promptly \"spits it out with disgust\". \"He is a moper, a hypochondriacal dreamer, perhaps a poet.\" His principal","Pericles, Prince of Tyre wed. A letter sent by the noblemen reaches Pericles in Pentapolis, who decides to return to Tyre with the pregnant Thaisa. Again, a storm arises while at sea, and Thaisa appears to die giving birth to her child, Marina. The sailors insist that Thaisa's body be set overboard in order to calm the storm. Pericles grudgingly agrees, and decides to stop at Tarsus because he fears that Marina may not survive the storm. Luckily, Thaisa's casket washes ashore at Ephesus near the residence of Lord Cerimon, a physician who revives her. Thinking that Pericles died in the storm, Thaisa becomes","What Is the What of his father and his childhood friends, Moses and William K. William K escapes. However, Moses is believed to be dead after the assault. Achak seeks shelter in the house of his aunt with his mother, who is frequently identified throughout the book with a yellow dress. Before they are hidden, they hear the screaming of Achak's aunt, and his mother goes to investigate. Achak never sees her again. He evades detection by hiding in a bag of grain, and credits God for helping him stay quiet. He flees on foot with a group of other young boys (the \"Lost","months later from torture or disease. This event brought Alexander's relationship with Aristotle to a close. His death was commemorated in a special treatise (\"Callisthenes or a Treatise on Grief\") by his friend Theophrastus, whose acquaintance he made during a visit to Athens. There are nevertheless several different accounts of how he was executed. Crucifixion is the method suggested by Ptolemy, but Chares of Mytilene and Aristobulos agree that he died of natural causes while in prison. Callisthenes wrote an account of Alexander's expedition up to the time of his own execution, a history of Greece from the Peace of","Philip Caveney father into the deepest pits of hell. With the help of Ari and the other Watchers, Will must work to prevent this from happening – and the Watchers are able to equip him with some very special skills to help him achieve his aims. But when it comes to the final showdown, can they prevail against the powerful forces of evil? When Fred, the elderly sheepdog of Morton's farm has a terrifying dream of being attacked by black ravens, he becomes convinced that a great change is coming. It begins with the arrival of Ralph, an orphaned sheepdog and shortly","The Crepes of Wrath episode received generally positive reviews from critics, and in 1997, David Bauder from \"TV Guide\" named this episode the greatest episode of \"The Simpsons\", and the 17th greatest episode of any television show of all time. Homer trips over Bart's skateboard and falls down the stairs, hurting his back, and is confined to the couch for several days. Marge sends Bart to clean his room as a punishment and while doing so; he discovers an old cherry bomb amongst his junk. At school the next day, he decides to flush it down the toilet in the boys' restroom with friends,","Oedipus the blind prophet Tiresias, expressed their disapproval of Creon's decision, which convinced him to rescind his order, and he went to bury Polynices himself. However, Antigone had already hanged herself in her tomb, rather than suffering the slow death of being buried alive. When Creon arrived at the tomb where she had been interred, his son Haemon attacked him upon seeing the body of his deceased fiancée, but failing to kill Creon he killed himself. When Creon's wife, Eurydice, was informed of the death of Haemon, she too took her own life. In the beginning of Euripides' \"Phoenissae\", Jocasta recalls","Frankenstein Victor searches the house and grounds, the Creature strangles Elizabeth to death. From the window, Victor sees the Creature, who tauntingly points at Elizabeth's corpse; Victor tries to shoot him, but the Creature escapes. After Victor gets back to Geneva, Victor's father, weakened by age and by the death of his precious Elizabeth, dies a few days later. Seeking revenge, Victor pursues the Creature to the North Pole, but collapses from exhaustion and hypothermia before he can find his quarry. At the end of Victor's narrative, Captain Walton resumes the telling of the story, closing the frame around Victor's recounting.","A Lesson Before Dying Jefferson. At the same time, Grant is dating a schoolteacher from nearby Bayonne named Vivian. Over the course of the novel, Grant and Jefferson form a close friendship. Unusual for the time, Grant also forms a friendship with Deputy Paul Bonin. In early February, it is announced that Jefferson will be executed on April 8. Around this time, Reverend Ambrose becomes concerned that Grant, an agnostic, is not teaching Jefferson about God and thus begins visiting him regularly. This conflict reaches a head when Grant buys Jefferson a radio, which the seniors in the black community, or \"quarter\", see as","The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds to her own lack of success in life. As the play progresses, the paths of the three characters diverge: Tillie wins the science fair through perseverance; Ruth attempts to stand up to her mother but has a nervous collapse at the end of the play, and Beatrice—driven to the verge of insanity by her deep-seated enmity towards everyone—kills the girls' pet rabbit Peter and ends up wallowing in her own perceived insignificance. Despite this, Tillie (who is much like her project's deformed but beautiful and hardy marigolds) secretly continues to believe that everyone is valuable. Paul Newman produced and directed","Fairchild comes across as eccentric, and fails his classes, which leads him to be placed in a special needs support group, condescendingly referred to as \"the Twinkie Squad\" by most other students. Later on at lunch, Armando \"Commando\" Riviera, is playing basketball outside, and Doug is sitting on a nearby bench writing in his \"Pefkakia journal\" (actually a notebook filled with nothing but the word 'blah'). Commando mistakenly fumbles the ball, which bounces and hits Douglas in the nose, causing a massive nosebleed (Douglas already has a bad post-nasal drip). Commando's enemy, Kahlil, reports him to the Principal, who accuses","Poor Unfortunate Soul plan. Although he refuses to break his personal code, Hook asks Ursula to steal the squid ink from her father’s storage. Ursula agrees, only to have Poseidon catch her, and in return for Hook betraying him, takes away his only chance to seek revenge on Rumplestiltskin. Hook then counters by stealing Ursula’s singing voice to hurt Poseidon. After Hook leaves with Ursula's singing voice, the rift between father and daughter continues, prompting an enraged Ursula to snap and use Poseidon’s trident to transform herself into the powerful sea goddess for which Ursula was named after, only stronger and more powerful","Timon of Athens on his false friends, before abandoning feasting and the city completely by exiling himself. The senses are absent from this feast: Timon mocks the insatiable appetite of his guests as he uncovers dishes of smoke and water. Timon is misled by facades of friendship, and so inflicts apropos revenge: misleading those that had misled him by having them suffer the disillusionment of mortal senses with the mere spectacle of a banquet. Shakespeare includes the character of Alcibiades in the play, the ultimate redeemer of iniquitous Athens. He would have been known among the educated of the audience for his presence","The Chinese Orange Mystery and refuses to state his business, no one is surprised; he is locked (from outside \"only\") in an anteroom with a bowl of fruit (including tangerines, also known as Chinese oranges) and left to await the publisher's arrival. When the door is unlocked, though, a truly bizarre scene is displayed. The little man's skull is crushed, his clothing is reversed, back to front, all the furnishings of the room have been turned backwards — and two African spears have been inserted between the body and its clothing, stiffening it into immobility. The circumstances are such that someone has been observing","kind of behaviour is unpleasant. He makes a scene as he shows up late to his own wedding, and dressed inappropriately for the occasion. He decides that he will be the one to determine when Katharine will eat or sleep, believing that depriving her of her needs makes her more submissive to him. Toward this end, he also toys with her mind. On their journey back to Padua, Petruccio refuses to continue until Katharine agrees with him that the midday sun is the moon. What Petruchio neglects to realise is that he is not only degrading Katharine by doing this,","Bendin' in the Wind to follow Beck and Bender on tour. During a stop at a laundromat, their money is destroyed in a washing machine, forcing them to live in the vehicle and scavenge for food. However, Zoidberg begins to cough up beautiful blue pearls, which Leela and Amy string together to sell as necklaces. While on tour, Bender is insulted by the treatment of other broken robots and writes a song about them. Together with Beck, he decides to put on a benefit concert in San Francisco to help others like himself. Fry and the crew catch up with Bender, who is relaxing","The Penderwicks finishes making the cookies, but broils them. When Rosalind comes back inside the house, she sees that Skye ruined the cookies. She accidentally insults Skye, and then Skye yells that she thinks that Jeffrey's a snob, right as he and Jane are walking through the door. Mr. Penderwick sends them on a walk, and then Batty almost gets attacked by a bull. Skye, Jane, and Jeffrey manage to save her, but aren't allowed to tell anyone what happened, because Mr. Penderwick and Rosalind will think Skye and Jane didn't take care of her well. But Batty's butterfly wings get scratched","Conjoined Fetus Lady Pip, tired of being bullied, hits Kyle with a ball during dodgeball, giving him a nose bleed. Kyle is sent to Nurse Gollum, only to discover that she has a dead fetus attached to her head, due to a condition called conjoined twin myslexia. Kyle tells the others and they react in disgust, making fun of her. Kyle's mother, Sheila, attempts to educate the boys on Nurse Gollum's condition, but is confronted by an irate Sharon Marsh. Sheila, in order to remedy the unawareness apparent in people of conjoined twin myslexia, decides to help the woman, and winds up causing","arrives to the Murder Party with a friend Zycho (who is unknown to the group), and his dog Hellhammer. Alexander is also dressed as a gothic vampire, but his costume is considerably cheaper than Paul's. Out of jealousy, Alexander forces Paul to completely remove his vampire costume while Zycho holds him at gunpoint. Alexander reveals that Zycho is his drug dealer and he was only joking with Paul, telling him the gun wasn't real. Each member of the Murder Party then gives their input on how they will commit the murder. Drugs and alcohol fuel the group as they decide","Fire from Heaven soldier. Attalos – One of Phliip's generals. Early in the novel he attacks Pausanias as part of a romantic quarrel of honor. Later in the novel, he makes a bid for power by trying to replace Olympias with his own niece as mother of the next king. Antipatros – Loyal regent during one of Philip's absences, Antipatros helps train Alexander in the civic demands of state administration. He is also the father of Kassandros, who is a minor villain in the story. The novel begins with the memorable opening line, \"The child was wakened by the knotting of the snake's","Death of Alexander the Great The death of Alexander the Great and subsequent related events have been the subjects of debates. According to a Babylonian astronomical diary, Alexander died between the evening of June 10 and the evening of June 11, 323 BC, at the age of thirty-two. This happened in the palace of Nebuchadnezzar II in Babylon. Macedonians and local residents wept at the news of the death, while Achaemenid subjects shaved their heads. The mother of Darius III, Sisygambis, having learned of Alexander's death, refused sustenance and died a few days later. Historians vary in their assessments of","The Unfortunate Mother Three friends (Edward Benlowes, C. G., and R. W.) prefixed commendatory verses by way of consoling the author for the slight thus cast upon him. The play is a bleak tragedy, beginning in the aftermath of the death of the prince and ending in the deaths of most of the characters. Its plot includes hidden identities, poison, deceit, Machiavellian social climbing, murder and a duel. In the preface Nabbes specifies his intent to move away from the bombast and melodrama of popular drama, towards a subtler, more intellectual kind of theatre. Unfortunately, the theatre companies did not share his ambition","Babar: King of the Elephants the day in a fashion reminiscent of Babar's first day in the city, but they are interrupted by Celeste's mother and another adult elephant from the Great Forest, who have been searching for the runaway children; though at first angry at their disappearance, the older elephants are ecstatic to see Babar, whom they had presumed dead. They inform him that the King of the Elephants has died from accidentally eating poisonous mushrooms, leaving the elephants in disarray, and that the rhinoceroses have waged war against the elephants due to Arthur and the other younger elephants playing pranks on them. That","Sir Thomas More (play) known as Ill May Day and More’s quelling of the rioters. Second is the portrayal of More’s private life, his family and friendships, demonstrating his generosity, kindness, and wit. Third is his service as Privy Councillor and Lord Chamberlain, and the principled stand he took in opposition to the king, which leads to More’s execution. The particular articles More refuses to sign are never described, so the play avoids the specific conflict that occurred between the church in Rome and the English Church, allowing the story to focus on the issue of freedom of an individual conscience from worldly authority.","Knight Fall explains that it's part of an eating ritual he makes the knights perform. Back at the hospital, House dismisses their theory of food poisoning, noting no one else was sick. He tells them to run scratch tests for allergies and treat William with epinephrine in the meantime. William's heart seizes up and they discover red blisters on his chest, suggesting an allergy to epinephrine. House seeks Cuddy to talk about Wilson. Cuddy tells House not to get involved, although she admits that Wilson's first relationship with Sam ended very badly for both parties. She tells House that he might not","Oedipus at Colonus Athens. Creon, who is the representative of Thebes, comes to Oedipus and feigns pity for him and his children, telling him that he should return to Thebes. Oedipus is disgusted by Creon's duplicity and recounts all of the harms Creon has inflicted on him. Creon becomes angry and reveals that he has already captured Ismene; he then instructs his guards to forcibly seize Antigone. His men begin to carry them off toward Thebes, perhaps planning to use them as blackmail to get Oedipus to follow, out of a desire to return Thebans to Thebes, or simply out of anger. The","Phileine Says Sorry a tour. Inside Max's house, Phileine meets his friends: the bespectacled Jules, the sick Leonard, the Flemish Gulpje, the terrible Joanna and weatherman LT (Louis Theodore). That same evening, a welcome party is held, but because of all the new impressions, drinks, and fatigue, Phileine goes to bed early. In the morning, she finds a note from Max that he had to leave early for rehearsal but that the two of them will have dinner together in the evening. Phileine goes to the living room and meets Gulpje. Soon, they decide to be best friends and have lunch. After lunch,","Judith Philip London, and Philip remained for a decade while her five children pursued their education. Soon after Philip and Thornton left Grenada, an uprising known as the Fédon Rebellion was launched in 1795. The rebellion pitted the free colored population against the British and the administrative policies which denied them the privileges they had seen under French rule. Philip's brother Joachim, who had fallen deeply into debt and was sued by his creditors, became a trusted lieutenant of the revolutionary leader Julien Fédon. In 1804, Joachim was captured and executed by the British for his participation in the rebellion. Though the","He turns to Pseudolus, who is his father's chief slave, for help. Pseudolus doesn't have the money they require to buy her, but thinks he can improvise a plan to get it and to save Phoenicium. At this time, Calidorus tells Pseudolus to be quiet, saying he hears the pimp Ballio, Phoenicium's master, leaving his house. Ballio enters the stage addressing his slaves, telling them that they aren't worth their keep and that they don't know how to behave. He claims beating them hurts him more than it hurts them and that they will steal anything if given the chance.","The Art of Dining her with neurosis (a mild personality disorder in which obsessive thoughts and/or compulsive acts and feelings of anxiety are displayed) and an irrational fear of food. Already, Elizabeth had been a sensitive child, with issues surrounding mealtimes. Pressures to entertain during dinner evidently took the focus away from the food, fortunately, as her parent's eating habits turned her stomach. Constantly spitting food into her napkin, Elizabeth lived in an uncomfortable and stressful environment. However, this proves merely to be the root of Elizabeth's condition. It is assumed that Elizabeth is normal in every other aspect of her life. However, throughout","Philadelphia poison ring of bulging eyes, immobility, and being unable to speak. At their next meeting with Herman Petrillo, after Petrillo handed Phillips an envelope full of counterfeit bills, Phillips asked about the plan to murder Alfonsi. Petrillo replied that there was no reason to worry about it anymore; it was being handled, apparently. Ferdinando Alfonsi died after being admitted to the National Stomach Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The cause of death was heavy metal poisoning. The autopsy revealed tremendous arsenic levels. The detectives assigned to the case were Michael Schwartz, Anthony Franchetti, and Samuel Riccardi. They instantly thought of the rumors, already","Laertes (Hamlet) Christian burial ceremony is not being carried out for his sister, and rebukes the priest for questioning her innocence. He leaps into her grave and begs the attendants to bury him with her. Hamlet, who was previously watching from afar, advances and himself leaps into Ophelia's grave. When Laertes attacks Hamlet, the two have to be held back to avoid a fight. In the next scene, King Claudius arranges a fencing match between Hamlet and Laertes. Laertes uses his sharp, poisoned sword instead of a bated (dull) sword. The King provides a poisoned drink as a backup measure. Before the","Stephen Farrow years prior. Although the doctor diagnosed him with psychopathic personality disorder, he theorised that Farrow was exaggerating his claims in order to have a safer place of detention than prison. During his trial, Farrow admitted to a burglary in Thornbury around New Year in 2012. He pinned a note to the house's kitchen table, reading, \"Be thankful you did not come back or we would have killed you Christian scum. I... hate God\". The threat was not personal, as the occupants were not religious. On New Year's Eve, he texted a friend that, \"Church will be the first to suffer\".","Barry Lyndon In 1773, Barry takes the Countess' last name in marriage and settles in England to enjoy her wealth, still with no money of his own. Lord Bullingdon, Lady Lyndon's ten-year-old son by Sir Charles, does not approve of the marriage and quickly comes to despise Barry, calling him a \"common opportunist\" who does not truly love his mother. Barry retaliates by subjecting Bullingdon to systematic physical abuse. The Countess bears Barry a son, Bryan Patrick, but the marriage is unhappy: Barry is openly unfaithful and enjoys spending his wife's money on self-indulgent luxuries, while keeping his wife in seclusion. Some","To cut a long story short, the tramp is none other than Pope Alexander VI, the last of the Borgias, and the beans grow into hideous homunculi, whose only purpose is to serve their dark master, the Antipope. Pope Alexander takes up residence in the local Seaman's Mission, and eventually there is a final showdown between the forces of good and evil, with Alexander and his bean-men on one side, and the massed might of Brentford on the other, including Pooley and Omally, Professor Slocombe, Father Moity, and Archroy, now a master of Dim Mak, a deadly martial art. Before","Vergina measuring 5.60 metres representing a hunting scene, believed to be the work of the celebrated Philoxenos of Eretria, and thought to show Philip and Alexander. Next to him in Tomb I a distinctive member of his family (probably Nikissipoli, another of his queens), was buried just a few years before in a cist grave, found unfortunately plundered. The only wall painting in the tomb pictures the Abduction of Persephone by the God of the Underworld, the silent Demeter and the three unprejudiced Fates with Hermes, the Guide of Souls, leading the way, and a scared nymph witnessing the horrifying event.","Mr. Bean in Room 426 to eat his oysters Bean eats all of his without smelling them. But the man notices an odd smell coming from his own oysters and asks the headwaiter about it. The headwaiter smells them and apologizes by saying that they are off. He then goes to collect the plate of oysters from the buffet and is repulsed by the smell. Bean sees what is happening and is horrified that he has just eaten bad oysters. That night, with lots of tissue paper and a full chest of medicines beside him, Bean is feeling sick with high fever as a result","Very Bad Deaths and hermit living on an island off Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, when fate causes a serial killer to overfly his island, while thinking about his next planned multiple-murder. What can he do, especially since Zandor is incapable of turning his telepathy \"off\", and exposure to other minds is excruciatingly painful? Unable to deal with the thoughts or presence of most other human beings, Zandor turns to an old acquaintance, the book's narrator, Russell Walker: a depressed, reclusive, national newspaper columnist trying to deal with the death of his wife, and teetering on the edge of suicide. After explaining the situation,","The Color Purple second child, a girl she names Olivia whom Alphonso also abducts. Meanwhile, Celie's ailing mother dies after cursing Celie on her deathbed. Celie and her younger sister, 12-year-old Nettie, learn that a man identified only as Mister wants to marry Nettie. Alphonso refuses to let Nettie marry, instead arranging for Mister to marry Celie. Mister, a widower needing someone to care for his children and keep his house, eventually accepts the offer. Mister physically, sexually, and verbally abuses Celie, and all his children treat her badly as well. However, she eventually gets Mister's squalid living conditions and incorrigible children under","Charles Wallace Murry the planet Camazotz. Trusting too much in his own abilities, Charles Wallace allows himself to join with the mind of IT, pure evil incarnated as a disembodied brain, and must himself be rescued by Meg. In A Wind in the Door, Charles Wallace is bullied by fellow children and attacked by supernatural characters called the Echthroi, the forces of evil and \"Xing.\" They cause Charles Wallace's mitochondria to sicken by interfering with the fictional \"farandolae\" within them. An intergalactic group including a snake, a cherubim, a grade school principal, and Meg influence, encourage the young farandolae to \"deepen,\" thus saving","Gildersleeve's Bad Day a local gangster, who has been charged with burglary. Louie's henchman fear that their boss faces conviction, so they decide to pick one of the jurors to influence the vote for acquittal. They pick Gildersleeve, and send him an anonymous note offering him $1000 ($ today). The note arrives the morning Gildersleeve is due at court, and he shoves it into the pocket of a suit without looking at it. After he leaves for the court, his niece, Margie Forrester, sends the suit to the cleaners. At the cleaners the owner of the store, George Peabody, finds the note and","Urban Transport Planning old to be hired as an agent. Upon Gennadi's return to the U.S., Stan and three FBI teams simultaneously pick up Gennadi, Sofia, and her son Ilya to give them political asylum. Posing as a security consultant hired by Altheon, Elizabeth meets with Evan to find weaknesses in plant security procedures and then kills him when she learns Evan's girlfriend actually does work in security and would expose her cover. Philip meets Oleg in a park. The episode was written by Tracey Scott Wilson and directed by Dan Attias. The episode was originally titled \"The General\". The episode features \"Dance","Alo Creevey are aghast to find the farm completely wrecked. A drunken Alo angrily lashes out at them, particularly his father for allowing his mother to pick on him, calling him \"gormless and old.\" The shock is too much for his father, who suffers a heart attack. Alo's mother panics and tells him to call an ambulance. Wracked with guilt, he confesses to Mini at a party at Nick's house, and she consoles him. He is unable to get help from Rich, but is reassured by his family farmhand that his father is fine, and that they did not actually sell Alo's","The Wrong Move Therese joins them. Bernhard, an awkward Austrian who wants to be a poet, befriends the four. He says he has a rich uncle with a castle on a peak overlooking the Rhine, but when the five turn up it is the wrong place. The owner welcomes them however, because their arrival stopped him shooting himself, and says they can stay as long as they like. But tensions grow, for Wilhelm is not giving Therese the affection she wants, while Mignon signals her availability to him. Laertes, feeling guilt but not repentant, disgusts Wilhelm by revealing some of his role in","The Remarkable Mr. Pennypacker him and serves him with the summons that is meant for Pa. After Grampa strikes the sheriff with his cane, the sheriff arrests him and takes him to jail. As Kate sobs, heartbroken, Emily resolves that her daughter will be happily married. After Horace returns to Philadelphia, Pa defends his behavior to Rev. Dr. Fielding and argues that morality is simply a matter of geography and that he is doing mankind a great service by propagating the species. Regardless, Kate declares that she cannot marry Wilbur because it would ruin his reputation. Meanwhile, in response to their father’s actions, the","Timoclea main source for the incident, as he mentions in passing elsewhere, was the account by Aristobulus of Cassandreia, who knew Alexander well; this survives only in quotations by others, which may not all be accurate. The taking of Thebes took place in the second year of Alexander's reign, and was otherwise a very bloody affair, as the city was the leader in a Greek revolt, taking advantage of Philip's assassination, against the treaties he had enforced. Perhaps 6,000 Thebans died, and 30,000 were enslaved, and the city virtually ceased to exist for some decades. The only other act of clemency","The Day of the Scorpion of Pankot, an imaginary hill station in India. Now an army captain, Ronald Merrick, a self-made man of the lower middle class and the former police official in charge of the Daphne Manners case, begins to insinuate himself subtly into the Layton family. We learn what the Laytons do not know, that in a searing session with the incarcerated Hari Kumar, Merrick tortured and molested him. Susan, the younger Layton sister, driven by a sense of her own nothingness, marries Teddie Bingham, a colourless and conventional officer in the prestigious Pankot Rifles regiment. By accident, Teddie and Merrick are roommates,","The Tragical History of Guy Earl of Warwick Guy her own wedding ring. Philip Sparrow’s father confronts him about the pregnancy of their neighbor, Parnell Sparling. Young Sparrow refuses to marry her, and announces his plan to join Guy on his journey to the Holy Land. Act Two: Guy and Sparrow meet a hermit who blesses their journey. Guy and Sparrow reach the Tower of Donather, where an incanter’s spell paralyzes them. They are released from the spell by the music of King Oberon and his fairies. Oberon gives Guy a wand that he uses to dissolve the tower. Then Oberon conducts Guy and Sparrow to the Holy","Death of a Salesman constant indecisiveness and daydreaming about the boys' high school years. Willy walks in, angry that the two boys have never amounted to anything. In an effort to pacify their father, Biff and Happy tell their father that Biff plans to make a business proposition the next day. The next day, Willy goes to ask his boss, Howard, for a job in town while Biff goes to make a business proposition, but both fail. Willy gets angry and ends up getting fired when the boss tells him he needs a rest and can no longer represent the company. Biff waits hours","Ridicule leave the court. However, he is reminded of why he set out in the first place when a village child dies from drinking contaminated water. During this time, Mathilde appears at court, breaking the terms of her engagement contract. Vilecourt finally obtains an audience with the King, but blunders by accidentally blaspheming against God in an attempt to be witty, and Blayac turns her attention back to Ponceludon, convincing him to return to Versailles. He sleeps with her in exchange for her assistance; she arranges a meeting with the King. She maliciously has Bellegarde attend her in his capacity as","Peter and the Magic Egg help the Dopplers out of their desperate situation. Peter Paas grows up and works on the farm and, in order to pay the mortgage on the farm to Tinwhiskers, he arranges a contract with the Easter Bunny to supply colored eggs for Easter. He is helped by the cast of anthropomorphic farm animals to produce and dye the eggs and make the annual mortgage payment on Easter day. Tinwhiskers, enraged that he cannot repossess the farm, challenges Peter to a ploughing contest and arranges for Peter to fall down a well. Peter remains in a coma and sadness hangs over","Magyk leaving the Apprentice behind. The cottage occupants interrogate the Apprentice and he tells them that his name is Septimus Heap, and that he is a seventh son of a seventh son. They don't believe him, as he is an awful person and in league with DomDaniel. Later that night, the Apprentice sneaks out of the cottage and takes the Hunter's abandoned canoe across the Marshes to DomDaniel's ship in Bleak Creek. After discovering the Apprentice's disappearance the next morning, Jenna, Nicko, and Boy 412 set off to look for him, and discover the ship, as well as Alther hiding nearby.","Much Ado About Nothing their faults and reconcile. Meanwhile, Don Pedro's brother Don John, the \"bastard prince\", plots to stop the wedding, embarrass his brother and wreak misery on Leonato and Claudio. He informs Don Pedro and Claudio that Hero is unfaithful, and arranges for them to see John's associate Borachio enter her bedchamber where he has an amorous liaison (actually with Margaret, Hero's chambermaid). Claudio and Don Pedro are taken in, and Claudio vows to humiliate Hero publicly. At the wedding the next day, Claudio denounces Hero before the stunned guests and storms off with Don Pedro. Hero faints. Her humiliated father Leonato","land, Creon, has forbidden the burial of Polyneices for he was a traitor to the city. Antigone decides to bury his body and face the consequences of her actions. Creon sentences her to death. Eventually, Creon is convinced to free Antigone from her punishment, but his decision comes too late and Antigone commits suicide. Her suicide triggers the suicide of two others close to King Creon: his son, Haemon, who was to wed Antigone, and his wife, Eurydice, who commits suicide after losing her only surviving son. The plays were written across thirty-six years of Sophocles' career and were not","Philip (son of Agathocles of Pella) his brothers enjoyed prominent positions in King Alexander the Great’s circle and they were educated at the court at Pella. Philip and his brothers served as a royal Hypaspists in the service of Alexander. Not long after the death of Cleitus the Black, Philip accompanied Alexander on foot, refusing the mount of Lysimachus’ horse who rode nearby. He remained near Alexander’s side, both in the pursuit of the supporters of Spitamenes, his Sogdian rebels and their cavalry. Philip finally collapsed from exhaustion and died in Alexander’s arms. In his military actions, Philip was trying to emulate his second eldest brother,","Strange Days (film) going to sing. There, Lenny receives a SQUID disc from a contact and unsuccessfully tries to get Faith away from her new boyfriend, Philo Gant. Gant is a music industry mogul who managed the recently-slain rapper Jeriko One. While in the car with Mace, Lenny plays the disc the contact gave him and watches Iris being brutally raped and murdered by an attacker at the Sunset Regent hotel. As they approach the hotel, Iris is taken out on a stretcher. The next day, they take the disc to Tick, who cannot identify the source of the recording, but recalls that","Seven Against Greece to be performed. Posing as a member of the Greek chorus, Carter foils the kidnap attempt and chases Princess Electra into the nearby countryside. He kills her and her body falls off the cliff into the sea. Carter and Shorty (an ally from Interpol) go to the docks in Piraeus and find Papadorus' yacht almost ready to sail. Shorty watches the ship while Carter goes to the Parthenon – expecting Gorgas to keep his promise to blow it up. Gorgas has rigged the Parthenon with plastic explosive and has tied Carter's girlfriend, Xenia, to one of the temple’s columns. Carter","Tom a Lincoln Tom attempts to return to Fairy Land, where Celia has given birth to his son, who will later be known as the Faerie Knight. They get within sight of the island, but a trick of the tides prevents the ship from landing. Thinking she is abandoned, Celia pins a note to her chest and drowns herself in the sea. Tom's crew recovers her body and sails back to England, where they bury her with full honors. Part II largely undermines the action and motifs of Part I. A dying Arthur reveals his adultery with Angelica, and Tom's parentage is revealed.","Palmer Cortlandt Opal and Palmer welcomed the birth of their son, Peter. Government agent Mike Roy and partner, Adrian Sword, arrived in town to find stolen Nazi paintings. Palmer, after much posturing, admitted that he possessed the paintings and plea-bargained his way out of charges. The definitive end to Palmer and Opal's marriage came when Palmer had to decide between relinquishing the paintings and staying with Opal or faking his death and escaping with the artwork. In the end he lost both. Irritated with Opal's friendship with Adrian and her aid in catching him, Palmer sought revenge on Opal and made her","some degree, the horrible script and bad performances.\" Portnoy's Complaint (film) Portnoy's Complaint is a 1972 comedy film written and directed by Ernest Lehman. His screenplay is based on the bestselling 1969 novel of the same name by Philip Roth. The film focuses on the trials and tribulations of Alexander Portnoy, a Jewish man employed as the assistant commissioner of human opportunity for New York City. During a session with his psychoanalyst, he explores his childhood, his relationship with his overbearing mother, his sexual fantasies and desires, his problems with women, and his obsession with his own religion. Via flashbacks,","The Pillars of the Earth leave him there, they eventually chose to have him killed after he learned English and started attracting unwanted attention, hiring Waleran, Percy and James for this end. Finally understanding the truth behind his father's death, Jack is able to put it behind him. Elsewhere, the Pope forces King Henry’s public repentance and symbolic subjugation of the crown to the church, in which Philip, now Bishop of Kingsbridge, participates. While the book has been praised for its description of Medieval life, it also features some historical inaccuracies. Some of these might be to make the characters and the plot more suited","Philip J. Fry cryogenic tank while delivering a pizza to Applied Cryogenics. He remains frozen until the last day of the year 2999. He then meets the one-eyed cryogenics counselor and his-soon-to-be wife, Leela and the cigar-smoking, alcoholic, kleptomaniac robot Bender. Together, they are employed by Fry's distant nephew, the senile and demented old scientist Professor Farnsworth, as the crew of his delivery company Planet Express. Fry's parents are Yancy Fry, Sr., a strict Republican who believes in conspiracy theories, and Sherri Fry (née Gleisner), an inattentive chain smoker and avid New York Mets fan. It is later revealed that Fry's family on","A Perfect Day for Bananafish on bananas, become too large to escape their feeding holes, and die. Sybil is unfazed by the story, and claims that she sees a bananafish with six bananas in its mouth. Seymour affectionately kisses the arch of one of her feet, and returns her to shore, where she departs. Once alone, and returning to the hotel Seymour becomes less affable. He starts a baseless argument with a woman in an elevator, accusing her of staring at his feet and calling her a \"god-damned sneak.\" He returns to his hotel room, where his wife is taking a nap. He retrieves a","misread the signs and seemed convinced that Pierre liked her instead. Though Marcie is usually slow to anger, she can occasionally lose her temper when provoked. Case in point, in a sequence from July–August 1973, when she reluctantly joins Peppermint Patty's baseball team, she becomes the target of a male teammate named Thibault (pronounced TEE-bo), who constantly follows her around tormenting her with chauvinistic insults until she ultimately slaps him senseless. Thibault completely ignored the fact that Peppermint Patty was also a girl. Another example from the spring of 1974 was when Peppermint Patty, in protest, refused to go to","Alexander the Great people in history. Alexander was born on the sixth day of the ancient Greek month of Hekatombaion, which probably corresponds to 20July 356 BC, although the exact date is disputed, in Pella, the capital of the Kingdom of Macedon. He was the son of the king of Macedon, Philip II, and his fourth wife, Olympias, the daughter of Neoptolemus I, king of Epirus. Although Philip had seven or eight wives, Olympias was his principal wife for some time, likely because she gave birth to Alexander. Several legends surround Alexander's birth and childhood. According to the ancient Greek biographer Plutarch, on","An Infamous Army is enchanted. This dismays Judith as she wanted Charles to fall in love with Lucy and as such she refuses to introduce Charles to her. As a result, Charles asks his friend, the young Prince of Orange to make his introduction. Against the advice of their other friends, the Prince agrees, but not before warning Charles that \"it is the road to ruin.\" Charles and Bab dance together twice, leading nearly the whole assembly to whisper about how Bab had seized upon the nicest man in Brussels. A little while later, Charles meets Lucy Devenish looking quite dishevelled and upset.","Philippeion The Philippeion () in the Altis of Olympia was an Ionic circular memorial in limestone and marble, a tholos, which contained chryselephantine (ivory and gold) statues of Philip's family; himself, Alexander the Great, Olympias, Amyntas III and Eurydice I. It was made by the Athenian sculptor Leochares in celebration of Philip's victory at the battle of Chaeronea (338 BC). It was the only structure inside the Altis dedicated to a human. The temple consisted of an outer colonnade of Ionic order with 18 columns. Inside, it had nine engaged half-columns of the lavishly- designed Corinthian order. It had a","The Good, the Bad and the Ugly abandons him without horse or water in the desert. A vengeful Tuco barely survives and tracks Blondie to a town being abandoned by Confederate troops. As he prepares to force Blondie to hang himself, Union forces shell the town, allowing Blondie to escape. Following an arduous search, Tuco recaptures Blondie and force-marches him across a desert until Blondie collapses from dehydration. As Tuco prepares to shoot him, he sees a runaway carriage. Inside are several dead soldiers and a near-death Bill Carson, who promises Tuco $200,000 in Confederate gold, buried in a grave in Sad Hill Cemetery. Tuco demands to","The Late Philip J. Fry constant tardiness. After arriving late for work and standing her up at her birthday lunch date, Fry is determined to make it up to Leela by skipping a party hosted by Hedonismbot and meeting Leela for a birthday dinner date at \"Cavern on the Green,\" a fancy restaurant situated in a deep cave with naturally occurring stalagmites. As Fry prepares to leave for the date, Professor Farnsworth forces him to test his newly invented one-way time machine, which is only able to travel to the future (to prevent changing the past and the creation of paradoxes), by moving one minute","Philadelphia, Here I Come! responsible, respectable citizen\") with whom he has never connected. Gar works for his father in his shop and their relationship is no different from that of Boss and Employee. Private often makes fun of S.B. calling him \"Screwballs\" and parodying his nightly routine as a fashion show. Essentially, this play is a tragicomedy. It contains many comical scenes, especially the scene with Lizzy Sweeney, Gar's aunt, in which Gar decides to go to America. Despite the fact that Gar seems to have a relationship with his father no different from that of Boss and Employee, there are indications that there","Percival Keene the school house of Mr. O'Gallagher, a poor Irish scholar, who rules his class with a system of severe corporal punishment. Mr. O'Gallagher routinely bullies Percival by stealing his lunch, leading Percival to seek revenge by poisoning his sandwiches with calomel. On Guy Fawkes Day the schoolteacher confiscates all the schoolboys' fireworks, for which Percival retaliates by setting off the collected fireworks while the teacher sits above them, leading to the total destruction of the schoolhouse and near death of the schoolmaster. When Percival is a young teenager, Captain Delmar reappears and offers him a position aboard his new navy","Alexander the Great to prevent attempts at vengeance. Most infamously, Alexander personally killed the man who had saved his life at Granicus, Cleitus the Black, during a violent drunken altercation at Maracanda (modern day Samarkand in Uzbekistan), in which Cleitus accused Alexander of several judgmental mistakes and most especially, of having forgotten the Macedonian ways in favour of a corrupt oriental lifestyle. Later, in the Central Asian campaign, a second plot against his life was revealed, this one instigated by his own royal pages. His official historian, Callisthenes of Olynthus, was implicated in the plot, and in the \"Anabasis of Alexander\", Arrian states","The Return of Philip Latinowicz that his father is none other than Dr. Liepach and storms out of the room. A knock at the door follows her exit, and Philip finds Baločanski visiting him yet again. He tells Philip not to expect Bobočka that evening, for she is unable to come. Baločanski insists that Bobočka had changed her mind and would stay with him in Kaptol. Philip does not believe Baločanski, who gives him a note which he claims Bobočka wrote to him to explain her decision. But the note is nothing but a receipt for perfume with drops of blood on it. Philip runs","John Saul's Blackstone Chronicles methods, including totally dismembering and vivisecting an 8-year-old boy to cure his illness. Eventually his treatments turned to outright torture, as a punishment of undesirable behaviors to eventually remove them. Over the course of the game, Oliver collects several personal items that influence him, causing him to nearly kill himself in several psychiatric methods (ECT, self-injecting neuro-toxins, locking himself in a steam box). His father Malcolm implies this is caused by the inherent evil contained within the items, although its heavily implied that Oliver developed these traps himself while under Malcolm's control, through a long, complicated sequence of post-hypnotic suggestions.","Horrid Henry Tricks the Tooth Fairy him to eat apples instead. Henry takes an apple and bites on it. To his horror, the bite had made him lose a tooth and he had swallowed it! Horrid Henry's cousin, Prissy Polly is getting married to Pimply Paul and he has been chosen to be a pageboy, along with Perfect Peter, his brother. First, Henry's family has trouble with Henry's pageboy clothes as they are too \"tight\". Second, they have trouble with Henry going to the wedding and they drag him into the car to go. Worse still, they are caught in the middle of a thunderstorm. They","Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day (film) Garner anchors the proceedings with aplomb.\" Lindsey Bahr gave the film a B, saying \"Alexander is pleasantly devoid of the vulgarity and too-current pop culture references that are the default mode for many contemporary live-action kids' pics, and its earnest celebration of family gives the movie a comforting throwback vibe.\" Bruce Ingram of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" gave the film two and half stars out of four, saying \"Disney’s bland comedy \"Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day\" might have been a little more entertaining if it had been a little more, terrible, horrible, no good and so","Conker's Bad Fur Day its legs and orders his servant, Professor Von Kriplespac, to solve the problem. When Von Kriplespac suggests the use of a red squirrel as the fourth leg of his table, the Panther King sends his minions to capture one. During his quest to return home, Conker finds wads of cash scattered throughout the land and becomes sidetracked from his goal. This led him to embroil himself in a series of increasingly absurd and often dangerous situations, including having to recover a bee hive from enormous wasps, confronting a giant opera-singing pile of feces, and getting drafted into a war between","Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day (film) Good, Very Bad Day\" grossed $67 million in North America, and $34.4 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $101.4 million. In North America, the film earned $5.2 million on its opening day and $18.3 million in its opening weekend, placing third behind \"Gone Girl\" and \"Dracula Untold\". In its second weekend, the film dropped to number four, grossing an additional $11.4 million. In its third weekend, the film dropped to number seven, grossing $7.1 million. In its fourth weekend, the film dropped to number eight, grossing $6.5 million. The film received mixed reviews from critics. The review","Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day (film) with him to the interview after dropping Kelly off at work. At school, Paul gives Alexander good news: Philip's birthday party is canceled (as Philip has the chicken pox), so the kids (including Becky and Paul) that were originally going to attend Philip's party will attend Alexander's party instead, much to Alexander's delight. Alexander calls his father, asking him to plan a party for him. Kelly is informed of an embarrassing typo in the book they are publicizing (\"dump\" instead of \"jump\") and needs to stop Dick Van Dyke from reading it at a public reading later. Ben takes Trevor"],"string":"[\n \"The Philanderer the room and unsuccessfully reminds Julia of her supposedly advanced views on marriage. She changes from belligerence to pleading tears, without effect, and, to the consternation of both, the fathers of Grace and Julia enter together. Colonel Craven is suffering from a liver complaint, and much to Charteris’ impatience \\\"has fully made up his mind not to survive next Easter\\\", just to oblige the doctors. Cuthbertson, Grace’s father, is a dramatic critic and theatrically shocked to discover something of the Charteris‐Grace‐Julia triangle; but Charteris explains it is Grace whom he wants to marry. The scene changes to the Ibsen Club,\",\n \"Rhoda Penmark a very young age. And so, she doesn't remember her biological parents. While at a school picnic, Rhoda mercilessly drowns her classmate, Claude Daigle, who won a special penmanship award that she feels she deserved more. After beating him to death with her tap shoes she retrieves the medal and leaves the dead boy's body in a local lake. While no one suspects Rhoda at first, Christine notices that her daughter seems startlingly indifferent and untroubled by the other child's tragic death. Christine, who has always vaguely sensed something wrong with her daughter, is troubled, but dismisses any possibility that\",\n \"Harold & Kumar the floor, breaking it and releasing what another passenger thinks is \\\"Poison gas!\\\". Harold and Kumar are detained by Ron Fox, a racist Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security, in Washington, D.C., who then sends them to the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. But just as they are about to eat a \\\"cockmeat sandwich\\\", the neighboring prisoners assault the guards and they are able to escape back to the United States. They meet with their college friend, Raza, who arranges a car for them to travel to Texas in search of Colton, a member of a family who has connections with political\",\n \"doesn't always work for the people. Sub-theme: Things are not always as they appear. The Carnival (short story) \\\"The Carnival\\\" is an American short story written by Michael Fedo. It was published among other short stories, in the book The story concerns a nation that constructs a deadly amusement park to remedy its overpopulation problems. In charge of this operation is the Populace Control. People who win a ticket are sent to the carnival on a bus; cars would become a problem as many visitors do not return. Passengers who die are placed in black plastic bags and thrown into\",\n \"Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell believable, because you've got another alien and the two of them can talk about the English in this very natural way.\\\" The gentleman with the thistle-down hair sees Stephen as a noble savage and enslaves him—like Lady Pole, Stephen is silenced. Both \\\"suffer under a silencing spell that mimics gaps in the historical record\\\". Furthermore, the gentleman's desire to acquire Stephen for his dancing hall is reminiscent of the English objectification of black slaves. Stephen vows to hate all white Englishmen after he discovers that they enslaved his mother, but when the gentleman shows him the hanging of the white\",\n \"Philip II of Macedon suppress revolution. Philip was elected as leader (\\\"hegemon\\\") of the army of invasion against the Persian Empire. In 336 BC, with the Persian venture in its earliest stages, Philip was assassinated, and was succeeded as king by his son Alexander III, the soon-to-be conqueror of Persia. Philip was murdered in October 336 BC, at Aegae, the ancient capital of the kingdom of Macedon. The court had gathered there for the celebration of the marriage between Alexander I of Epirus and Cleopatra of Macedon, who was Philip's daughter by his fourth wife Olympias. While the king was entering unprotected into the\",\n \"A Stitch in Time (The Outer Limits) throughout the episode. FBI agent Jamie Pratt finally uncovers the truth and Givens eventually discloses to Agent Pratt that an unfortunate side-effect of altering time for the time traveler is the sudden merging of two completely different time streams into the brain at once upon return which, over time, has a visible physical impact (causing nosebleeds) and presumably will become fatal given enough occurrences. Dr. Givens herself explains at the end that she is finally making the journey to change her past for fear that she will not survive much longer, but Pratt steps into the time machine after Dr.\",\n \"Dixie Days (film) Uncle Tom plays a song, which both Popsy and Little Eva dance to. However, the slave-keeper hears this and takes both Uncle Tom and Popsy as slaves, leaving Little Eva in tears. They are both taken to a slave auction, where they have to perform. The first one to perform is Uncle Tom, who falls over at the end of his performance, due to his lack of strength and malnutrition. In response, the keepers blow raspberries at him after the performance. The second to perform is Popsy, who comically treats the audition block as a xylophone. She is viewed more\",\n \"Modern Library ranked \\\"Portnoy's Complaint\\\" 52nd on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. \\\"Time\\\" included this novel in its \\\"\\\"TIME\\\" 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005.\\\" Structurally, \\\"Portnoy's Complaint\\\" is a continuous monologue by narrator Alexander Portnoy to his psychoanalyst, Dr. Spielvogel; Roth later explained that the artistic choice to frame the story as a psychoanalytic session was motivated by \\\"the permissive conventions of the patient-analyst situation,\\\" which would \\\"permit me to bring into my fiction the sort of intimate, shameful detail, and coarse, abusive language that [...] in another fictional environment\",\n \"Fine Things (film) decide to marry. Although his mother Ruth, a proud Jew, is not enthusiastic about Liz's religious background, she eventually comes to accept Liz as her new daughter-in-law. Soon, Liz becomes pregnant and gives birth to a son, Alexander. Life is looking great for the couple. Everything changes when Chandler Scott comes back into their lives. Liz, fearing he will be a part of Jane's life, offers him $25,000 to leave without ever returning. This is despite their lawyer's strong advice not to offer him money, explaining it is illegal. Meanwhile, after Alexander is born, Liz is diagnosed with bone cancer.\",\n \"is given rough handling and the Chorus leader accuses him of manipulating the political and legal system for personal gain. Cleon bellows to the audience for help and the Chorus urges the sausage-seller to outshout him. There follows a shouting match between Cleon and the sausage seller with vulgar boasts and vainglorious threats on both sides as each man strives to demonstrate that he is a more shameless and unscrupulous orator than the other. The knights proclaim the sausage-seller the winner of the argument and Cleon then rushes off to the Boule to denounce them all on a trumped-up charge\",\n \"Waiting for Godot he starts laughing, a kidney ailment flares up. Upon Vladimir's return, the increasingly jaded Estragon suggests that they hang themselves, but they abandon the idea when the logistics seem ineffective. They then speculate on the potential rewards of continuing to wait for Godot, but can come to no definite conclusions. When Estragon declares his hunger, Vladimir provides a carrot (among a collection of turnips), at which Estragon idly gnaws, loudly reiterating his boredom. \\\"A terrible cry\\\" heralds the entrance of Lucky, a silent, baggage-burdened slave with a rope tied around his neck, and Pozzo, his arrogant and imperious master, who\",\n \"Fratricide Punished also creates the character of Phantasmo to undertake a variety of roles, often comically. Other notable differences include the lack of Hamlet's \\\"to be or not to be\\\" soliloquy, among others, and Ophelia's decision to commit suicide by jumping down a hill. One of the more \\\"slapstick\\\" differences comes when the Prince has been sent to England, accompanied by his would-be assassins. He foils their attempt on his life by having them stand on either side of him. At the moment the assassins shoot, Hamlet falls to the ground with the result that they shoot one another instead of him.\",\n \"prince who rides a magic carpet. The game is then renamed \\\"\\\"SpriteQuest\\\"\\\". The JPodders, upset that they would not be able to finish their game, decide to sabotage SpriteQuest by inserting a deranged Ronald McDonald. They do this by creating a secret level where Ronald works malevolence, thus creating, in their opinion, a culturally-suitable game for the target market. Ethan begins to date the newest addition to JPod, Kaitlin, and their relationship grows as she discovers that most of the members of the team, including herself, are mildly autistic. Kaitlin develops a hugging machine after researching how autistic people enjoy\",\n \"The Colonel's Dream being turned down by Mr. Fetters, the Colonel devises a plan to help Johnson escape. However, instead of escaping to the North, Johnson tries to kill Mr. Fetters' son, Barclay Fetters, who actually also hoped to marry Graciella. After being found out, a mob of White racists lynches him. Thus, another person to whom the Colonel is connected is killed at the hands of the White supremacists. The other unfortunate incident entails the passing away of Malcolm Dudley and Viney. Nearing his death, Malcolm Dudley rests on his bed with Viney, his Black housekeeper, at his side. Viney, having faked\",\n \"have given birth. One of the lambs is black and is rejected by its mother so Jeremiah takes him in and names him Midnight. As Midnight grows he becomes more troublesome around the house and in town when Jeremiah buys jawbreakers in the sweet shop much to the annoyance of Granny Kincaid who gets Jeremiah to keep him outside. As the story progresses Midnight and Jeremiah journey side by side and bond with each other but Granny Kincaid and Uncle Hiram are finding hard times getting money so Jeremiah has the idea of entering Midnight into the Pike County Fair.\",\n \"Marc Kilgour hair. He lost one front tooth at age 12; it was pulled out by a Gestapo officer. Marc is very intelligent and particularly good at languages. A friendly teacher taught him German as a child, which helped him during Eagle Day, and he picks up English very quickly. The story begins with Marc being beaten by the 'headmaster' of his orphanage. During the air raid that follows, Marc takes his chance and runs away, stealing some of the Headmaster's belongings. He ends up in Charles Henderson's empty house (unaware of its owner). A group of Gestapo officers break into the\",\n \"\\\"Repent, Harlequin!\\\" Said the Ticktockman from one's life. The ultimate consequence is to run out of time and be \\\"turned off\\\". This is done by the Master Timekeeper, or \\\"Ticktockman\\\", who utilizes a device called a \\\"cardioplate\\\" to stop a person's heart once his time has run out. The story focuses on a man named Everett C. Marm who, disguised as the anarchical Harlequin, engages in whimsical rebellion against the Ticktockman. Everett is in a relationship with a girl named Pretty Alice, who is exasperated by the fact that he is never on time. The Harlequin disrupts the carefully kept schedule of his society with\",\n \"Bartholomew and the Oobleck the oobleck is gone, Bartholomew takes the king to the bell tower. The king rings the bell proclaiming the day a holiday, dedicated not to oobleck, but to rain, sun, fog, and snow, the four things that have always, and should always, come down from the sky. A version recorded by the actor Marvin Miller varies slightly from the book: the king first encounters the oobleck in his royal bathtub, when it comes out of the water faucet, causing him to become stuck. Also, Bartholomew encounters Jesse, the royal cook, who is in panic with what he sees. Oobleck, a\",\n \"Act Without Words II pile of clothes sit on a low, \\\"violently lit\\\" platform at the back of a stage. Both sacks contain a man; B is on the left, A on the right. A long pole (described in the text as a \\\"goad\\\") enters from the right, prods the sack containing A to awaken him to his daily routine, and then exits. After needing a second prod A finally emerges. He is slovenly and disorganised. He gobbles pills, prays, dresses randomly, nibbles a carrot, and promptly \\\"spits it out with disgust\\\". \\\"He is a moper, a hypochondriacal dreamer, perhaps a poet.\\\" His principal\",\n \"Pericles, Prince of Tyre wed. A letter sent by the noblemen reaches Pericles in Pentapolis, who decides to return to Tyre with the pregnant Thaisa. Again, a storm arises while at sea, and Thaisa appears to die giving birth to her child, Marina. The sailors insist that Thaisa's body be set overboard in order to calm the storm. Pericles grudgingly agrees, and decides to stop at Tarsus because he fears that Marina may not survive the storm. Luckily, Thaisa's casket washes ashore at Ephesus near the residence of Lord Cerimon, a physician who revives her. Thinking that Pericles died in the storm, Thaisa becomes\",\n \"What Is the What of his father and his childhood friends, Moses and William K. William K escapes. However, Moses is believed to be dead after the assault. Achak seeks shelter in the house of his aunt with his mother, who is frequently identified throughout the book with a yellow dress. Before they are hidden, they hear the screaming of Achak's aunt, and his mother goes to investigate. Achak never sees her again. He evades detection by hiding in a bag of grain, and credits God for helping him stay quiet. He flees on foot with a group of other young boys (the \\\"Lost\",\n \"months later from torture or disease. This event brought Alexander's relationship with Aristotle to a close. His death was commemorated in a special treatise (\\\"Callisthenes or a Treatise on Grief\\\") by his friend Theophrastus, whose acquaintance he made during a visit to Athens. There are nevertheless several different accounts of how he was executed. Crucifixion is the method suggested by Ptolemy, but Chares of Mytilene and Aristobulos agree that he died of natural causes while in prison. Callisthenes wrote an account of Alexander's expedition up to the time of his own execution, a history of Greece from the Peace of\",\n \"Philip Caveney father into the deepest pits of hell. With the help of Ari and the other Watchers, Will must work to prevent this from happening – and the Watchers are able to equip him with some very special skills to help him achieve his aims. But when it comes to the final showdown, can they prevail against the powerful forces of evil? When Fred, the elderly sheepdog of Morton's farm has a terrifying dream of being attacked by black ravens, he becomes convinced that a great change is coming. It begins with the arrival of Ralph, an orphaned sheepdog and shortly\",\n \"The Crepes of Wrath episode received generally positive reviews from critics, and in 1997, David Bauder from \\\"TV Guide\\\" named this episode the greatest episode of \\\"The Simpsons\\\", and the 17th greatest episode of any television show of all time. Homer trips over Bart's skateboard and falls down the stairs, hurting his back, and is confined to the couch for several days. Marge sends Bart to clean his room as a punishment and while doing so; he discovers an old cherry bomb amongst his junk. At school the next day, he decides to flush it down the toilet in the boys' restroom with friends,\",\n \"Oedipus the blind prophet Tiresias, expressed their disapproval of Creon's decision, which convinced him to rescind his order, and he went to bury Polynices himself. However, Antigone had already hanged herself in her tomb, rather than suffering the slow death of being buried alive. When Creon arrived at the tomb where she had been interred, his son Haemon attacked him upon seeing the body of his deceased fiancée, but failing to kill Creon he killed himself. When Creon's wife, Eurydice, was informed of the death of Haemon, she too took her own life. In the beginning of Euripides' \\\"Phoenissae\\\", Jocasta recalls\",\n \"Frankenstein Victor searches the house and grounds, the Creature strangles Elizabeth to death. From the window, Victor sees the Creature, who tauntingly points at Elizabeth's corpse; Victor tries to shoot him, but the Creature escapes. After Victor gets back to Geneva, Victor's father, weakened by age and by the death of his precious Elizabeth, dies a few days later. Seeking revenge, Victor pursues the Creature to the North Pole, but collapses from exhaustion and hypothermia before he can find his quarry. At the end of Victor's narrative, Captain Walton resumes the telling of the story, closing the frame around Victor's recounting.\",\n \"A Lesson Before Dying Jefferson. At the same time, Grant is dating a schoolteacher from nearby Bayonne named Vivian. Over the course of the novel, Grant and Jefferson form a close friendship. Unusual for the time, Grant also forms a friendship with Deputy Paul Bonin. In early February, it is announced that Jefferson will be executed on April 8. Around this time, Reverend Ambrose becomes concerned that Grant, an agnostic, is not teaching Jefferson about God and thus begins visiting him regularly. This conflict reaches a head when Grant buys Jefferson a radio, which the seniors in the black community, or \\\"quarter\\\", see as\",\n \"The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds to her own lack of success in life. As the play progresses, the paths of the three characters diverge: Tillie wins the science fair through perseverance; Ruth attempts to stand up to her mother but has a nervous collapse at the end of the play, and Beatrice—driven to the verge of insanity by her deep-seated enmity towards everyone—kills the girls' pet rabbit Peter and ends up wallowing in her own perceived insignificance. Despite this, Tillie (who is much like her project's deformed but beautiful and hardy marigolds) secretly continues to believe that everyone is valuable. Paul Newman produced and directed\",\n \"Fairchild comes across as eccentric, and fails his classes, which leads him to be placed in a special needs support group, condescendingly referred to as \\\"the Twinkie Squad\\\" by most other students. Later on at lunch, Armando \\\"Commando\\\" Riviera, is playing basketball outside, and Doug is sitting on a nearby bench writing in his \\\"Pefkakia journal\\\" (actually a notebook filled with nothing but the word 'blah'). Commando mistakenly fumbles the ball, which bounces and hits Douglas in the nose, causing a massive nosebleed (Douglas already has a bad post-nasal drip). Commando's enemy, Kahlil, reports him to the Principal, who accuses\",\n \"Poor Unfortunate Soul plan. Although he refuses to break his personal code, Hook asks Ursula to steal the squid ink from her father’s storage. Ursula agrees, only to have Poseidon catch her, and in return for Hook betraying him, takes away his only chance to seek revenge on Rumplestiltskin. Hook then counters by stealing Ursula’s singing voice to hurt Poseidon. After Hook leaves with Ursula's singing voice, the rift between father and daughter continues, prompting an enraged Ursula to snap and use Poseidon’s trident to transform herself into the powerful sea goddess for which Ursula was named after, only stronger and more powerful\",\n \"Timon of Athens on his false friends, before abandoning feasting and the city completely by exiling himself. The senses are absent from this feast: Timon mocks the insatiable appetite of his guests as he uncovers dishes of smoke and water. Timon is misled by facades of friendship, and so inflicts apropos revenge: misleading those that had misled him by having them suffer the disillusionment of mortal senses with the mere spectacle of a banquet. Shakespeare includes the character of Alcibiades in the play, the ultimate redeemer of iniquitous Athens. He would have been known among the educated of the audience for his presence\",\n \"The Chinese Orange Mystery and refuses to state his business, no one is surprised; he is locked (from outside \\\"only\\\") in an anteroom with a bowl of fruit (including tangerines, also known as Chinese oranges) and left to await the publisher's arrival. When the door is unlocked, though, a truly bizarre scene is displayed. The little man's skull is crushed, his clothing is reversed, back to front, all the furnishings of the room have been turned backwards — and two African spears have been inserted between the body and its clothing, stiffening it into immobility. The circumstances are such that someone has been observing\",\n \"kind of behaviour is unpleasant. He makes a scene as he shows up late to his own wedding, and dressed inappropriately for the occasion. He decides that he will be the one to determine when Katharine will eat or sleep, believing that depriving her of her needs makes her more submissive to him. Toward this end, he also toys with her mind. On their journey back to Padua, Petruccio refuses to continue until Katharine agrees with him that the midday sun is the moon. What Petruchio neglects to realise is that he is not only degrading Katharine by doing this,\",\n \"Bendin' in the Wind to follow Beck and Bender on tour. During a stop at a laundromat, their money is destroyed in a washing machine, forcing them to live in the vehicle and scavenge for food. However, Zoidberg begins to cough up beautiful blue pearls, which Leela and Amy string together to sell as necklaces. While on tour, Bender is insulted by the treatment of other broken robots and writes a song about them. Together with Beck, he decides to put on a benefit concert in San Francisco to help others like himself. Fry and the crew catch up with Bender, who is relaxing\",\n \"The Penderwicks finishes making the cookies, but broils them. When Rosalind comes back inside the house, she sees that Skye ruined the cookies. She accidentally insults Skye, and then Skye yells that she thinks that Jeffrey's a snob, right as he and Jane are walking through the door. Mr. Penderwick sends them on a walk, and then Batty almost gets attacked by a bull. Skye, Jane, and Jeffrey manage to save her, but aren't allowed to tell anyone what happened, because Mr. Penderwick and Rosalind will think Skye and Jane didn't take care of her well. But Batty's butterfly wings get scratched\",\n \"Conjoined Fetus Lady Pip, tired of being bullied, hits Kyle with a ball during dodgeball, giving him a nose bleed. Kyle is sent to Nurse Gollum, only to discover that she has a dead fetus attached to her head, due to a condition called conjoined twin myslexia. Kyle tells the others and they react in disgust, making fun of her. Kyle's mother, Sheila, attempts to educate the boys on Nurse Gollum's condition, but is confronted by an irate Sharon Marsh. Sheila, in order to remedy the unawareness apparent in people of conjoined twin myslexia, decides to help the woman, and winds up causing\",\n \"arrives to the Murder Party with a friend Zycho (who is unknown to the group), and his dog Hellhammer. Alexander is also dressed as a gothic vampire, but his costume is considerably cheaper than Paul's. Out of jealousy, Alexander forces Paul to completely remove his vampire costume while Zycho holds him at gunpoint. Alexander reveals that Zycho is his drug dealer and he was only joking with Paul, telling him the gun wasn't real. Each member of the Murder Party then gives their input on how they will commit the murder. Drugs and alcohol fuel the group as they decide\",\n \"Fire from Heaven soldier. Attalos – One of Phliip's generals. Early in the novel he attacks Pausanias as part of a romantic quarrel of honor. Later in the novel, he makes a bid for power by trying to replace Olympias with his own niece as mother of the next king. Antipatros – Loyal regent during one of Philip's absences, Antipatros helps train Alexander in the civic demands of state administration. He is also the father of Kassandros, who is a minor villain in the story. The novel begins with the memorable opening line, \\\"The child was wakened by the knotting of the snake's\",\n \"Death of Alexander the Great The death of Alexander the Great and subsequent related events have been the subjects of debates. According to a Babylonian astronomical diary, Alexander died between the evening of June 10 and the evening of June 11, 323 BC, at the age of thirty-two. This happened in the palace of Nebuchadnezzar II in Babylon. Macedonians and local residents wept at the news of the death, while Achaemenid subjects shaved their heads. The mother of Darius III, Sisygambis, having learned of Alexander's death, refused sustenance and died a few days later. Historians vary in their assessments of\",\n \"The Unfortunate Mother Three friends (Edward Benlowes, C. G., and R. W.) prefixed commendatory verses by way of consoling the author for the slight thus cast upon him. The play is a bleak tragedy, beginning in the aftermath of the death of the prince and ending in the deaths of most of the characters. Its plot includes hidden identities, poison, deceit, Machiavellian social climbing, murder and a duel. In the preface Nabbes specifies his intent to move away from the bombast and melodrama of popular drama, towards a subtler, more intellectual kind of theatre. Unfortunately, the theatre companies did not share his ambition\",\n \"Babar: King of the Elephants the day in a fashion reminiscent of Babar's first day in the city, but they are interrupted by Celeste's mother and another adult elephant from the Great Forest, who have been searching for the runaway children; though at first angry at their disappearance, the older elephants are ecstatic to see Babar, whom they had presumed dead. They inform him that the King of the Elephants has died from accidentally eating poisonous mushrooms, leaving the elephants in disarray, and that the rhinoceroses have waged war against the elephants due to Arthur and the other younger elephants playing pranks on them. That\",\n \"Sir Thomas More (play) known as Ill May Day and More’s quelling of the rioters. Second is the portrayal of More’s private life, his family and friendships, demonstrating his generosity, kindness, and wit. Third is his service as Privy Councillor and Lord Chamberlain, and the principled stand he took in opposition to the king, which leads to More’s execution. The particular articles More refuses to sign are never described, so the play avoids the specific conflict that occurred between the church in Rome and the English Church, allowing the story to focus on the issue of freedom of an individual conscience from worldly authority.\",\n \"Knight Fall explains that it's part of an eating ritual he makes the knights perform. Back at the hospital, House dismisses their theory of food poisoning, noting no one else was sick. He tells them to run scratch tests for allergies and treat William with epinephrine in the meantime. William's heart seizes up and they discover red blisters on his chest, suggesting an allergy to epinephrine. House seeks Cuddy to talk about Wilson. Cuddy tells House not to get involved, although she admits that Wilson's first relationship with Sam ended very badly for both parties. She tells House that he might not\",\n \"Oedipus at Colonus Athens. Creon, who is the representative of Thebes, comes to Oedipus and feigns pity for him and his children, telling him that he should return to Thebes. Oedipus is disgusted by Creon's duplicity and recounts all of the harms Creon has inflicted on him. Creon becomes angry and reveals that he has already captured Ismene; he then instructs his guards to forcibly seize Antigone. His men begin to carry them off toward Thebes, perhaps planning to use them as blackmail to get Oedipus to follow, out of a desire to return Thebans to Thebes, or simply out of anger. The\",\n \"Phileine Says Sorry a tour. Inside Max's house, Phileine meets his friends: the bespectacled Jules, the sick Leonard, the Flemish Gulpje, the terrible Joanna and weatherman LT (Louis Theodore). That same evening, a welcome party is held, but because of all the new impressions, drinks, and fatigue, Phileine goes to bed early. In the morning, she finds a note from Max that he had to leave early for rehearsal but that the two of them will have dinner together in the evening. Phileine goes to the living room and meets Gulpje. Soon, they decide to be best friends and have lunch. After lunch,\",\n \"Judith Philip London, and Philip remained for a decade while her five children pursued their education. Soon after Philip and Thornton left Grenada, an uprising known as the Fédon Rebellion was launched in 1795. The rebellion pitted the free colored population against the British and the administrative policies which denied them the privileges they had seen under French rule. Philip's brother Joachim, who had fallen deeply into debt and was sued by his creditors, became a trusted lieutenant of the revolutionary leader Julien Fédon. In 1804, Joachim was captured and executed by the British for his participation in the rebellion. Though the\",\n \"He turns to Pseudolus, who is his father's chief slave, for help. Pseudolus doesn't have the money they require to buy her, but thinks he can improvise a plan to get it and to save Phoenicium. At this time, Calidorus tells Pseudolus to be quiet, saying he hears the pimp Ballio, Phoenicium's master, leaving his house. Ballio enters the stage addressing his slaves, telling them that they aren't worth their keep and that they don't know how to behave. He claims beating them hurts him more than it hurts them and that they will steal anything if given the chance.\",\n \"The Art of Dining her with neurosis (a mild personality disorder in which obsessive thoughts and/or compulsive acts and feelings of anxiety are displayed) and an irrational fear of food. Already, Elizabeth had been a sensitive child, with issues surrounding mealtimes. Pressures to entertain during dinner evidently took the focus away from the food, fortunately, as her parent's eating habits turned her stomach. Constantly spitting food into her napkin, Elizabeth lived in an uncomfortable and stressful environment. However, this proves merely to be the root of Elizabeth's condition. It is assumed that Elizabeth is normal in every other aspect of her life. However, throughout\",\n \"Philadelphia poison ring of bulging eyes, immobility, and being unable to speak. At their next meeting with Herman Petrillo, after Petrillo handed Phillips an envelope full of counterfeit bills, Phillips asked about the plan to murder Alfonsi. Petrillo replied that there was no reason to worry about it anymore; it was being handled, apparently. Ferdinando Alfonsi died after being admitted to the National Stomach Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The cause of death was heavy metal poisoning. The autopsy revealed tremendous arsenic levels. The detectives assigned to the case were Michael Schwartz, Anthony Franchetti, and Samuel Riccardi. They instantly thought of the rumors, already\",\n \"Laertes (Hamlet) Christian burial ceremony is not being carried out for his sister, and rebukes the priest for questioning her innocence. He leaps into her grave and begs the attendants to bury him with her. Hamlet, who was previously watching from afar, advances and himself leaps into Ophelia's grave. When Laertes attacks Hamlet, the two have to be held back to avoid a fight. In the next scene, King Claudius arranges a fencing match between Hamlet and Laertes. Laertes uses his sharp, poisoned sword instead of a bated (dull) sword. The King provides a poisoned drink as a backup measure. Before the\",\n \"Stephen Farrow years prior. Although the doctor diagnosed him with psychopathic personality disorder, he theorised that Farrow was exaggerating his claims in order to have a safer place of detention than prison. During his trial, Farrow admitted to a burglary in Thornbury around New Year in 2012. He pinned a note to the house's kitchen table, reading, \\\"Be thankful you did not come back or we would have killed you Christian scum. I... hate God\\\". The threat was not personal, as the occupants were not religious. On New Year's Eve, he texted a friend that, \\\"Church will be the first to suffer\\\".\",\n \"Barry Lyndon In 1773, Barry takes the Countess' last name in marriage and settles in England to enjoy her wealth, still with no money of his own. Lord Bullingdon, Lady Lyndon's ten-year-old son by Sir Charles, does not approve of the marriage and quickly comes to despise Barry, calling him a \\\"common opportunist\\\" who does not truly love his mother. Barry retaliates by subjecting Bullingdon to systematic physical abuse. The Countess bears Barry a son, Bryan Patrick, but the marriage is unhappy: Barry is openly unfaithful and enjoys spending his wife's money on self-indulgent luxuries, while keeping his wife in seclusion. Some\",\n \"To cut a long story short, the tramp is none other than Pope Alexander VI, the last of the Borgias, and the beans grow into hideous homunculi, whose only purpose is to serve their dark master, the Antipope. Pope Alexander takes up residence in the local Seaman's Mission, and eventually there is a final showdown between the forces of good and evil, with Alexander and his bean-men on one side, and the massed might of Brentford on the other, including Pooley and Omally, Professor Slocombe, Father Moity, and Archroy, now a master of Dim Mak, a deadly martial art. Before\",\n \"Vergina measuring 5.60 metres representing a hunting scene, believed to be the work of the celebrated Philoxenos of Eretria, and thought to show Philip and Alexander. Next to him in Tomb I a distinctive member of his family (probably Nikissipoli, another of his queens), was buried just a few years before in a cist grave, found unfortunately plundered. The only wall painting in the tomb pictures the Abduction of Persephone by the God of the Underworld, the silent Demeter and the three unprejudiced Fates with Hermes, the Guide of Souls, leading the way, and a scared nymph witnessing the horrifying event.\",\n \"Mr. Bean in Room 426 to eat his oysters Bean eats all of his without smelling them. But the man notices an odd smell coming from his own oysters and asks the headwaiter about it. The headwaiter smells them and apologizes by saying that they are off. He then goes to collect the plate of oysters from the buffet and is repulsed by the smell. Bean sees what is happening and is horrified that he has just eaten bad oysters. That night, with lots of tissue paper and a full chest of medicines beside him, Bean is feeling sick with high fever as a result\",\n \"Very Bad Deaths and hermit living on an island off Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, when fate causes a serial killer to overfly his island, while thinking about his next planned multiple-murder. What can he do, especially since Zandor is incapable of turning his telepathy \\\"off\\\", and exposure to other minds is excruciatingly painful? Unable to deal with the thoughts or presence of most other human beings, Zandor turns to an old acquaintance, the book's narrator, Russell Walker: a depressed, reclusive, national newspaper columnist trying to deal with the death of his wife, and teetering on the edge of suicide. After explaining the situation,\",\n \"The Color Purple second child, a girl she names Olivia whom Alphonso also abducts. Meanwhile, Celie's ailing mother dies after cursing Celie on her deathbed. Celie and her younger sister, 12-year-old Nettie, learn that a man identified only as Mister wants to marry Nettie. Alphonso refuses to let Nettie marry, instead arranging for Mister to marry Celie. Mister, a widower needing someone to care for his children and keep his house, eventually accepts the offer. Mister physically, sexually, and verbally abuses Celie, and all his children treat her badly as well. However, she eventually gets Mister's squalid living conditions and incorrigible children under\",\n \"Charles Wallace Murry the planet Camazotz. Trusting too much in his own abilities, Charles Wallace allows himself to join with the mind of IT, pure evil incarnated as a disembodied brain, and must himself be rescued by Meg. In A Wind in the Door, Charles Wallace is bullied by fellow children and attacked by supernatural characters called the Echthroi, the forces of evil and \\\"Xing.\\\" They cause Charles Wallace's mitochondria to sicken by interfering with the fictional \\\"farandolae\\\" within them. An intergalactic group including a snake, a cherubim, a grade school principal, and Meg influence, encourage the young farandolae to \\\"deepen,\\\" thus saving\",\n \"Gildersleeve's Bad Day a local gangster, who has been charged with burglary. Louie's henchman fear that their boss faces conviction, so they decide to pick one of the jurors to influence the vote for acquittal. They pick Gildersleeve, and send him an anonymous note offering him $1000 ($ today). The note arrives the morning Gildersleeve is due at court, and he shoves it into the pocket of a suit without looking at it. After he leaves for the court, his niece, Margie Forrester, sends the suit to the cleaners. At the cleaners the owner of the store, George Peabody, finds the note and\",\n \"Urban Transport Planning old to be hired as an agent. Upon Gennadi's return to the U.S., Stan and three FBI teams simultaneously pick up Gennadi, Sofia, and her son Ilya to give them political asylum. Posing as a security consultant hired by Altheon, Elizabeth meets with Evan to find weaknesses in plant security procedures and then kills him when she learns Evan's girlfriend actually does work in security and would expose her cover. Philip meets Oleg in a park. The episode was written by Tracey Scott Wilson and directed by Dan Attias. The episode was originally titled \\\"The General\\\". The episode features \\\"Dance\",\n \"Alo Creevey are aghast to find the farm completely wrecked. A drunken Alo angrily lashes out at them, particularly his father for allowing his mother to pick on him, calling him \\\"gormless and old.\\\" The shock is too much for his father, who suffers a heart attack. Alo's mother panics and tells him to call an ambulance. Wracked with guilt, he confesses to Mini at a party at Nick's house, and she consoles him. He is unable to get help from Rich, but is reassured by his family farmhand that his father is fine, and that they did not actually sell Alo's\",\n \"The Wrong Move Therese joins them. Bernhard, an awkward Austrian who wants to be a poet, befriends the four. He says he has a rich uncle with a castle on a peak overlooking the Rhine, but when the five turn up it is the wrong place. The owner welcomes them however, because their arrival stopped him shooting himself, and says they can stay as long as they like. But tensions grow, for Wilhelm is not giving Therese the affection she wants, while Mignon signals her availability to him. Laertes, feeling guilt but not repentant, disgusts Wilhelm by revealing some of his role in\",\n \"The Remarkable Mr. Pennypacker him and serves him with the summons that is meant for Pa. After Grampa strikes the sheriff with his cane, the sheriff arrests him and takes him to jail. As Kate sobs, heartbroken, Emily resolves that her daughter will be happily married. After Horace returns to Philadelphia, Pa defends his behavior to Rev. Dr. Fielding and argues that morality is simply a matter of geography and that he is doing mankind a great service by propagating the species. Regardless, Kate declares that she cannot marry Wilbur because it would ruin his reputation. Meanwhile, in response to their father’s actions, the\",\n \"Timoclea main source for the incident, as he mentions in passing elsewhere, was the account by Aristobulus of Cassandreia, who knew Alexander well; this survives only in quotations by others, which may not all be accurate. The taking of Thebes took place in the second year of Alexander's reign, and was otherwise a very bloody affair, as the city was the leader in a Greek revolt, taking advantage of Philip's assassination, against the treaties he had enforced. Perhaps 6,000 Thebans died, and 30,000 were enslaved, and the city virtually ceased to exist for some decades. The only other act of clemency\",\n \"The Day of the Scorpion of Pankot, an imaginary hill station in India. Now an army captain, Ronald Merrick, a self-made man of the lower middle class and the former police official in charge of the Daphne Manners case, begins to insinuate himself subtly into the Layton family. We learn what the Laytons do not know, that in a searing session with the incarcerated Hari Kumar, Merrick tortured and molested him. Susan, the younger Layton sister, driven by a sense of her own nothingness, marries Teddie Bingham, a colourless and conventional officer in the prestigious Pankot Rifles regiment. By accident, Teddie and Merrick are roommates,\",\n \"The Tragical History of Guy Earl of Warwick Guy her own wedding ring. Philip Sparrow’s father confronts him about the pregnancy of their neighbor, Parnell Sparling. Young Sparrow refuses to marry her, and announces his plan to join Guy on his journey to the Holy Land. Act Two: Guy and Sparrow meet a hermit who blesses their journey. Guy and Sparrow reach the Tower of Donather, where an incanter’s spell paralyzes them. They are released from the spell by the music of King Oberon and his fairies. Oberon gives Guy a wand that he uses to dissolve the tower. Then Oberon conducts Guy and Sparrow to the Holy\",\n \"Death of a Salesman constant indecisiveness and daydreaming about the boys' high school years. Willy walks in, angry that the two boys have never amounted to anything. In an effort to pacify their father, Biff and Happy tell their father that Biff plans to make a business proposition the next day. The next day, Willy goes to ask his boss, Howard, for a job in town while Biff goes to make a business proposition, but both fail. Willy gets angry and ends up getting fired when the boss tells him he needs a rest and can no longer represent the company. Biff waits hours\",\n \"Ridicule leave the court. However, he is reminded of why he set out in the first place when a village child dies from drinking contaminated water. During this time, Mathilde appears at court, breaking the terms of her engagement contract. Vilecourt finally obtains an audience with the King, but blunders by accidentally blaspheming against God in an attempt to be witty, and Blayac turns her attention back to Ponceludon, convincing him to return to Versailles. He sleeps with her in exchange for her assistance; she arranges a meeting with the King. She maliciously has Bellegarde attend her in his capacity as\",\n \"Peter and the Magic Egg help the Dopplers out of their desperate situation. Peter Paas grows up and works on the farm and, in order to pay the mortgage on the farm to Tinwhiskers, he arranges a contract with the Easter Bunny to supply colored eggs for Easter. He is helped by the cast of anthropomorphic farm animals to produce and dye the eggs and make the annual mortgage payment on Easter day. Tinwhiskers, enraged that he cannot repossess the farm, challenges Peter to a ploughing contest and arranges for Peter to fall down a well. Peter remains in a coma and sadness hangs over\",\n \"Magyk leaving the Apprentice behind. The cottage occupants interrogate the Apprentice and he tells them that his name is Septimus Heap, and that he is a seventh son of a seventh son. They don't believe him, as he is an awful person and in league with DomDaniel. Later that night, the Apprentice sneaks out of the cottage and takes the Hunter's abandoned canoe across the Marshes to DomDaniel's ship in Bleak Creek. After discovering the Apprentice's disappearance the next morning, Jenna, Nicko, and Boy 412 set off to look for him, and discover the ship, as well as Alther hiding nearby.\",\n \"Much Ado About Nothing their faults and reconcile. Meanwhile, Don Pedro's brother Don John, the \\\"bastard prince\\\", plots to stop the wedding, embarrass his brother and wreak misery on Leonato and Claudio. He informs Don Pedro and Claudio that Hero is unfaithful, and arranges for them to see John's associate Borachio enter her bedchamber where he has an amorous liaison (actually with Margaret, Hero's chambermaid). Claudio and Don Pedro are taken in, and Claudio vows to humiliate Hero publicly. At the wedding the next day, Claudio denounces Hero before the stunned guests and storms off with Don Pedro. Hero faints. Her humiliated father Leonato\",\n \"land, Creon, has forbidden the burial of Polyneices for he was a traitor to the city. Antigone decides to bury his body and face the consequences of her actions. Creon sentences her to death. Eventually, Creon is convinced to free Antigone from her punishment, but his decision comes too late and Antigone commits suicide. Her suicide triggers the suicide of two others close to King Creon: his son, Haemon, who was to wed Antigone, and his wife, Eurydice, who commits suicide after losing her only surviving son. The plays were written across thirty-six years of Sophocles' career and were not\",\n \"Philip (son of Agathocles of Pella) his brothers enjoyed prominent positions in King Alexander the Great’s circle and they were educated at the court at Pella. Philip and his brothers served as a royal Hypaspists in the service of Alexander. Not long after the death of Cleitus the Black, Philip accompanied Alexander on foot, refusing the mount of Lysimachus’ horse who rode nearby. He remained near Alexander’s side, both in the pursuit of the supporters of Spitamenes, his Sogdian rebels and their cavalry. Philip finally collapsed from exhaustion and died in Alexander’s arms. In his military actions, Philip was trying to emulate his second eldest brother,\",\n \"Strange Days (film) going to sing. There, Lenny receives a SQUID disc from a contact and unsuccessfully tries to get Faith away from her new boyfriend, Philo Gant. Gant is a music industry mogul who managed the recently-slain rapper Jeriko One. While in the car with Mace, Lenny plays the disc the contact gave him and watches Iris being brutally raped and murdered by an attacker at the Sunset Regent hotel. As they approach the hotel, Iris is taken out on a stretcher. The next day, they take the disc to Tick, who cannot identify the source of the recording, but recalls that\",\n \"Seven Against Greece to be performed. Posing as a member of the Greek chorus, Carter foils the kidnap attempt and chases Princess Electra into the nearby countryside. He kills her and her body falls off the cliff into the sea. Carter and Shorty (an ally from Interpol) go to the docks in Piraeus and find Papadorus' yacht almost ready to sail. Shorty watches the ship while Carter goes to the Parthenon – expecting Gorgas to keep his promise to blow it up. Gorgas has rigged the Parthenon with plastic explosive and has tied Carter's girlfriend, Xenia, to one of the temple’s columns. Carter\",\n \"Tom a Lincoln Tom attempts to return to Fairy Land, where Celia has given birth to his son, who will later be known as the Faerie Knight. They get within sight of the island, but a trick of the tides prevents the ship from landing. Thinking she is abandoned, Celia pins a note to her chest and drowns herself in the sea. Tom's crew recovers her body and sails back to England, where they bury her with full honors. Part II largely undermines the action and motifs of Part I. A dying Arthur reveals his adultery with Angelica, and Tom's parentage is revealed.\",\n \"Palmer Cortlandt Opal and Palmer welcomed the birth of their son, Peter. Government agent Mike Roy and partner, Adrian Sword, arrived in town to find stolen Nazi paintings. Palmer, after much posturing, admitted that he possessed the paintings and plea-bargained his way out of charges. The definitive end to Palmer and Opal's marriage came when Palmer had to decide between relinquishing the paintings and staying with Opal or faking his death and escaping with the artwork. In the end he lost both. Irritated with Opal's friendship with Adrian and her aid in catching him, Palmer sought revenge on Opal and made her\",\n \"some degree, the horrible script and bad performances.\\\" Portnoy's Complaint (film) Portnoy's Complaint is a 1972 comedy film written and directed by Ernest Lehman. His screenplay is based on the bestselling 1969 novel of the same name by Philip Roth. The film focuses on the trials and tribulations of Alexander Portnoy, a Jewish man employed as the assistant commissioner of human opportunity for New York City. During a session with his psychoanalyst, he explores his childhood, his relationship with his overbearing mother, his sexual fantasies and desires, his problems with women, and his obsession with his own religion. Via flashbacks,\",\n \"The Pillars of the Earth leave him there, they eventually chose to have him killed after he learned English and started attracting unwanted attention, hiring Waleran, Percy and James for this end. Finally understanding the truth behind his father's death, Jack is able to put it behind him. Elsewhere, the Pope forces King Henry’s public repentance and symbolic subjugation of the crown to the church, in which Philip, now Bishop of Kingsbridge, participates. While the book has been praised for its description of Medieval life, it also features some historical inaccuracies. Some of these might be to make the characters and the plot more suited\",\n \"Philip J. Fry cryogenic tank while delivering a pizza to Applied Cryogenics. He remains frozen until the last day of the year 2999. He then meets the one-eyed cryogenics counselor and his-soon-to-be wife, Leela and the cigar-smoking, alcoholic, kleptomaniac robot Bender. Together, they are employed by Fry's distant nephew, the senile and demented old scientist Professor Farnsworth, as the crew of his delivery company Planet Express. Fry's parents are Yancy Fry, Sr., a strict Republican who believes in conspiracy theories, and Sherri Fry (née Gleisner), an inattentive chain smoker and avid New York Mets fan. It is later revealed that Fry's family on\",\n \"A Perfect Day for Bananafish on bananas, become too large to escape their feeding holes, and die. Sybil is unfazed by the story, and claims that she sees a bananafish with six bananas in its mouth. Seymour affectionately kisses the arch of one of her feet, and returns her to shore, where she departs. Once alone, and returning to the hotel Seymour becomes less affable. He starts a baseless argument with a woman in an elevator, accusing her of staring at his feet and calling her a \\\"god-damned sneak.\\\" He returns to his hotel room, where his wife is taking a nap. He retrieves a\",\n \"misread the signs and seemed convinced that Pierre liked her instead. Though Marcie is usually slow to anger, she can occasionally lose her temper when provoked. Case in point, in a sequence from July–August 1973, when she reluctantly joins Peppermint Patty's baseball team, she becomes the target of a male teammate named Thibault (pronounced TEE-bo), who constantly follows her around tormenting her with chauvinistic insults until she ultimately slaps him senseless. Thibault completely ignored the fact that Peppermint Patty was also a girl. Another example from the spring of 1974 was when Peppermint Patty, in protest, refused to go to\",\n \"Alexander the Great people in history. Alexander was born on the sixth day of the ancient Greek month of Hekatombaion, which probably corresponds to 20July 356 BC, although the exact date is disputed, in Pella, the capital of the Kingdom of Macedon. He was the son of the king of Macedon, Philip II, and his fourth wife, Olympias, the daughter of Neoptolemus I, king of Epirus. Although Philip had seven or eight wives, Olympias was his principal wife for some time, likely because she gave birth to Alexander. Several legends surround Alexander's birth and childhood. According to the ancient Greek biographer Plutarch, on\",\n \"An Infamous Army is enchanted. This dismays Judith as she wanted Charles to fall in love with Lucy and as such she refuses to introduce Charles to her. As a result, Charles asks his friend, the young Prince of Orange to make his introduction. Against the advice of their other friends, the Prince agrees, but not before warning Charles that \\\"it is the road to ruin.\\\" Charles and Bab dance together twice, leading nearly the whole assembly to whisper about how Bab had seized upon the nicest man in Brussels. A little while later, Charles meets Lucy Devenish looking quite dishevelled and upset.\",\n \"Philippeion The Philippeion () in the Altis of Olympia was an Ionic circular memorial in limestone and marble, a tholos, which contained chryselephantine (ivory and gold) statues of Philip's family; himself, Alexander the Great, Olympias, Amyntas III and Eurydice I. It was made by the Athenian sculptor Leochares in celebration of Philip's victory at the battle of Chaeronea (338 BC). It was the only structure inside the Altis dedicated to a human. The temple consisted of an outer colonnade of Ionic order with 18 columns. Inside, it had nine engaged half-columns of the lavishly- designed Corinthian order. It had a\",\n \"The Good, the Bad and the Ugly abandons him without horse or water in the desert. A vengeful Tuco barely survives and tracks Blondie to a town being abandoned by Confederate troops. As he prepares to force Blondie to hang himself, Union forces shell the town, allowing Blondie to escape. Following an arduous search, Tuco recaptures Blondie and force-marches him across a desert until Blondie collapses from dehydration. As Tuco prepares to shoot him, he sees a runaway carriage. Inside are several dead soldiers and a near-death Bill Carson, who promises Tuco $200,000 in Confederate gold, buried in a grave in Sad Hill Cemetery. Tuco demands to\",\n \"The Late Philip J. Fry constant tardiness. After arriving late for work and standing her up at her birthday lunch date, Fry is determined to make it up to Leela by skipping a party hosted by Hedonismbot and meeting Leela for a birthday dinner date at \\\"Cavern on the Green,\\\" a fancy restaurant situated in a deep cave with naturally occurring stalagmites. As Fry prepares to leave for the date, Professor Farnsworth forces him to test his newly invented one-way time machine, which is only able to travel to the future (to prevent changing the past and the creation of paradoxes), by moving one minute\",\n \"Philadelphia, Here I Come! responsible, respectable citizen\\\") with whom he has never connected. Gar works for his father in his shop and their relationship is no different from that of Boss and Employee. Private often makes fun of S.B. calling him \\\"Screwballs\\\" and parodying his nightly routine as a fashion show. Essentially, this play is a tragicomedy. It contains many comical scenes, especially the scene with Lizzy Sweeney, Gar's aunt, in which Gar decides to go to America. Despite the fact that Gar seems to have a relationship with his father no different from that of Boss and Employee, there are indications that there\",\n \"Percival Keene the school house of Mr. O'Gallagher, a poor Irish scholar, who rules his class with a system of severe corporal punishment. Mr. O'Gallagher routinely bullies Percival by stealing his lunch, leading Percival to seek revenge by poisoning his sandwiches with calomel. On Guy Fawkes Day the schoolteacher confiscates all the schoolboys' fireworks, for which Percival retaliates by setting off the collected fireworks while the teacher sits above them, leading to the total destruction of the schoolhouse and near death of the schoolmaster. When Percival is a young teenager, Captain Delmar reappears and offers him a position aboard his new navy\",\n \"Alexander the Great to prevent attempts at vengeance. Most infamously, Alexander personally killed the man who had saved his life at Granicus, Cleitus the Black, during a violent drunken altercation at Maracanda (modern day Samarkand in Uzbekistan), in which Cleitus accused Alexander of several judgmental mistakes and most especially, of having forgotten the Macedonian ways in favour of a corrupt oriental lifestyle. Later, in the Central Asian campaign, a second plot against his life was revealed, this one instigated by his own royal pages. His official historian, Callisthenes of Olynthus, was implicated in the plot, and in the \\\"Anabasis of Alexander\\\", Arrian states\",\n \"The Return of Philip Latinowicz that his father is none other than Dr. Liepach and storms out of the room. A knock at the door follows her exit, and Philip finds Baločanski visiting him yet again. He tells Philip not to expect Bobočka that evening, for she is unable to come. Baločanski insists that Bobočka had changed her mind and would stay with him in Kaptol. Philip does not believe Baločanski, who gives him a note which he claims Bobočka wrote to him to explain her decision. But the note is nothing but a receipt for perfume with drops of blood on it. Philip runs\",\n \"John Saul's Blackstone Chronicles methods, including totally dismembering and vivisecting an 8-year-old boy to cure his illness. Eventually his treatments turned to outright torture, as a punishment of undesirable behaviors to eventually remove them. Over the course of the game, Oliver collects several personal items that influence him, causing him to nearly kill himself in several psychiatric methods (ECT, self-injecting neuro-toxins, locking himself in a steam box). His father Malcolm implies this is caused by the inherent evil contained within the items, although its heavily implied that Oliver developed these traps himself while under Malcolm's control, through a long, complicated sequence of post-hypnotic suggestions.\",\n \"Horrid Henry Tricks the Tooth Fairy him to eat apples instead. Henry takes an apple and bites on it. To his horror, the bite had made him lose a tooth and he had swallowed it! Horrid Henry's cousin, Prissy Polly is getting married to Pimply Paul and he has been chosen to be a pageboy, along with Perfect Peter, his brother. First, Henry's family has trouble with Henry's pageboy clothes as they are too \\\"tight\\\". Second, they have trouble with Henry going to the wedding and they drag him into the car to go. Worse still, they are caught in the middle of a thunderstorm. They\",\n \"Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day (film) Garner anchors the proceedings with aplomb.\\\" Lindsey Bahr gave the film a B, saying \\\"Alexander is pleasantly devoid of the vulgarity and too-current pop culture references that are the default mode for many contemporary live-action kids' pics, and its earnest celebration of family gives the movie a comforting throwback vibe.\\\" Bruce Ingram of the \\\"Chicago Sun-Times\\\" gave the film two and half stars out of four, saying \\\"Disney’s bland comedy \\\"Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day\\\" might have been a little more entertaining if it had been a little more, terrible, horrible, no good and so\",\n \"Conker's Bad Fur Day its legs and orders his servant, Professor Von Kriplespac, to solve the problem. When Von Kriplespac suggests the use of a red squirrel as the fourth leg of his table, the Panther King sends his minions to capture one. During his quest to return home, Conker finds wads of cash scattered throughout the land and becomes sidetracked from his goal. This led him to embroil himself in a series of increasingly absurd and often dangerous situations, including having to recover a bee hive from enormous wasps, confronting a giant opera-singing pile of feces, and getting drafted into a war between\",\n \"Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day (film) Good, Very Bad Day\\\" grossed $67 million in North America, and $34.4 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $101.4 million. In North America, the film earned $5.2 million on its opening day and $18.3 million in its opening weekend, placing third behind \\\"Gone Girl\\\" and \\\"Dracula Untold\\\". In its second weekend, the film dropped to number four, grossing an additional $11.4 million. In its third weekend, the film dropped to number seven, grossing $7.1 million. In its fourth weekend, the film dropped to number eight, grossing $6.5 million. The film received mixed reviews from critics. The review\",\n \"Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day (film) with him to the interview after dropping Kelly off at work. At school, Paul gives Alexander good news: Philip's birthday party is canceled (as Philip has the chicken pox), so the kids (including Becky and Paul) that were originally going to attend Philip's party will attend Alexander's party instead, much to Alexander's delight. Alexander calls his father, asking him to plan a party for him. Kelly is informed of an embarrassing typo in the book they are publicizing (\\\"dump\\\" instead of \\\"jump\\\") and needs to stop Dick Van Dyke from reading it at a public reading later. Ben takes Trevor\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":995,"string":"995"}}},{"rowIdx":94,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who is the only player in the nhl to wear jofa helmets"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["Peter Forsberg, Phil Housley, Teemu Selänne, Daniel Sedin and his brother Henrik Sedin. Reebok has phased out the use of the Jofa brand on its hockey equipment, in favour of its core CCM and Rbk brands. The Rbk brand has subsequently been changed to Reebok Hockey. Despite not producing hockey equipment since the 2004 Reebok buyout, Teemu Selänne was the only player in the NHL that continued to wear a Jofa helmet: a Jofa 366 with the Jofa logo blacked-out due to an expired licensing agreement with the NHL. Subsequent to Selänne's retirement after the Ducks' elimination in the 2014"],"string":"[\n \"Peter Forsberg, Phil Housley, Teemu Selänne, Daniel Sedin and his brother Henrik Sedin. Reebok has phased out the use of the Jofa brand on its hockey equipment, in favour of its core CCM and Rbk brands. The Rbk brand has subsequently been changed to Reebok Hockey. Despite not producing hockey equipment since the 2004 Reebok buyout, Teemu Selänne was the only player in the NHL that continued to wear a Jofa helmet: a Jofa 366 with the Jofa logo blacked-out due to an expired licensing agreement with the NHL. Subsequent to Selänne's retirement after the Ducks' elimination in the 2014\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["the NHL ruled that he had instigated the fight. On September 6, 1985, Mark Messier lost control of his Porsche and totaled it by hitting three parked cars. He was later charged with hit and run and careless driving, for which he paid a fine. He won four more Cups with the Oilers, 1985, 1987, 1988 and 1990, the last which he captained the Oilers to a five-game victory over the Boston Bruins. Though the Oilers had been a 1980s powerhouse, the 1990 victory, which came two years after Wayne Gretzky was traded away, surprised many. Messier also won the","Bret Hedican Bret Michael Hedican (born August 10, 1970) is an American former professional ice hockey player, a Stanley Cup champion, and a two-time US Olympian. Hedican was drafted 198th overall by the St. Louis Blues in the 1988 NHL Entry Draft. A product of St. Cloud State University, Hedican played with the 1992 US Olympic Team before he made his NHL debut in the 1991–92 season with the Blues. In his third season with the Blues, Hedican was traded to the Vancouver Canucks with Jeff Brown and Nathan LaFayette for Craig Janney, on March 21, 1994, joining the Canucks","Irene, son Karsten and with an unborn son at the time who was given the name Jovy Nicolai. Following his death, the Toyota Atlantic Championship created the Jovy Marcelo Sportsmanship Award, which is given annually to the driver who best exemplifies the sportsmanship of Marcelo. The First Jovy Marcelo sportsmanship award was presented to Bret Hart for the 1992–1993 season. He named his first son Jovy Kakoa Hart. Frankie Muniz won the 2008 IMSA Cooper Tires Atlantic Championship Jovy Marcelo Sportsmanship Award. Jovy Marcelo Edward Jovy Jacinto Marcelo (April 20, 1965 – May 15, 1992), better known simply as Jovy","Greg Terrion Patrick Gregory Terrion (May 2, 1960 – September 28, 2018) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 561 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). His jersey number was 7 and he played for the Toronto Maple Leafs and the Los Angeles Kings. Terrion was originally drafted by Los Angeles in the second round in the 1980 NHL Entry Draft, and played two seasons for the club before a trade on October 19, 1982 sent him to the Maple Leafs in exchange for a fourth round draft pick in 1983. He played six seasons for Toronto.","Red Kelly to counter the Philadelphia Flyers' use of Kate Smith's rendition of \"God Bless America.\" He hung a plastic model of a pyramid in the team's clubhouse after a pair of away defeats to start the series. The players embraced the superstition after observing team captain Darryl Sittler first place his hockey sticks beneath the pyramid and then stand under it for exactly four minutes. The Maple Leafs managed to win all three of its home matches before losing the series' decisive Game 7. Kelly was fired at the end of the 1976-1977 season, ending 30 consecutive years at ice level","Michal Rozsíval shorthanded goals, with two. On 1 July 2008, Rozsíval signed a four-year contract extension with the Rangers worth a total of $20 million. On 22 February 2009, Rozsíval switched his jersey number to 33 when former Rangers' player Harry Howell had his number 3 retired. On 10 January 2011, Rozsíval was traded to the Phoenix Coyotes for Wojtek Wolski. He did not record any points during the Coyotes' run to the 2012 Western Conference Finals against the Los Angeles Kings. He was injured on a play just seconds before Dustin Penner's overtime series winner after a hit from Dustin Brown,","Jaroslav Drobný only in his final appearance at Wimbledon in 1960, at the age of 38, did he represent his new homeland Great Britain. During his amateur career, Drobný won over 130 singles titles, and was world ranked in the top 10 from 1946–55. Drobný was inducted in the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island in 1983. He is the only person to win the rare combination of Wimbledon in tennis and a world championship title in ice hockey. In total, Drobný started in Wimbledon 17 times, always sporting his trademark tinted prescription glasses as an old ice hockey","Shea Weber behind in a game against Vancouver on October 20, 2011. While Hansen was uninjured on the play, Weber was fined $2,500 – the maximum allowable financial penalty – by the NHL the following day. In Nashville's first game of the 2012 Stanley Cup Quarterfinals, against Detroit, Weber slammed centre Henrik Zetterberg's head into the glass boards during the closing seconds of the game after being hit by Zetterberg. The force of the blow cracked Zetterberg's helmet but he suffered no injury and would play in the next game. As punishment, the NHL imposed a $2,500 fine (the maximum allowable under","Börje Salming he became the first Swedish hockey player to be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. In 1998, he was ranked 74th on \"The Hockey News\"' list of the 100 Greatest National Hockey League Players, the highest-ranked player from Sweden. On 4 October 2006, Salming's no. 21, along with Red Kelly's and Hap Day's no. 4, was honoured by the Leafs in a ceremony before their first game of the 2006–07 season. Börje Salming Anders Börje Salming (; born 17 April 1951), nicknamed \"The King\", is a Swedish retired professional ice hockey defenceman. He played for Brynäs IF, the Toronto","stepdaughter. Cooke and Michelle run a foundation called The Cooke Family Foundation of Hope, based out of Vancouver. Matt Cooke Matthew David Cooke (born September 7, 1978) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played sixteen seasons and 1046 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). Cooke won the Stanley Cup with the Pittsburgh Penguins during the 2008–09 NHL season and was a member of the Team Canada team that won the gold medal at the 2004 World Championships. In addition to having previously played for the Penguins, he has also played in the NHL with the Vancouver","Ice hockey equipment is an advantage to the goalies, for whom lateral mobility and stability are more important than quick turns and speed. The first skates had simple metal blades tied to regular shoes. The sticks were thin pieces of wood until the 1930s. In 1897, G.H. Merritt introduced simple goalie pads by wearing the wicket-keeper's pads. All players played in simple leather gloves, until a Detroit goalie introduced the trapper and blocker in 1948, by experimenting with a rectangular piece of leather, and a baseball catcher's glove. Jacques Plante was the first regular user of the goalie mask; Clint Benedict used a","and Taylor Chorney – Washington Capitals, Ryan Bayda – Pittsburgh Penguins, Drew Stafford – Boston Bruins, Brian Lee – Ottawa Senators, Matt Smaby – Tampa Bay Lightning, Matt Jones and Matt Frattin – Toronto Maple Leafs, Mike Commodore – Columbus Blue Jackets, Jason Blake – Anaheim Ducks, Ryan Johnson – Vancouver Canucks, Chris VandeVelde – Philadelphia Flyers NFL professional football players Jim Kleinsasser and Dave Osborn both of the Minnesota Vikings, Chris Kuper of the Denver Broncos, and Weston Dressler of the Canadian Football League's Winnipeg blue bombers. University of North Dakota The University of North Dakota (also known as","Jeff Friesen Jeffrey Daryl Friesen (born August 5, 1976) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played over 800 games in the National Hockey League. He is known for his tenure with the San Jose Sharks and the New Jersey Devils, with whom he won the Stanley Cup in 2003. Friesen played his junior years with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League (WHL) where he was Rookie of the Year in 1993. He was selected 11th overall in the first round of the 1994 NHL Entry Draft by the San Jose Sharks. He played 14 season","Jimmy Quinlan Cup in 2007. Quinlan retired as a player after the 2013 season as the last original player from season 1 of the Edmonton Rush and became the defensive coach for the Edmonton Rush. On January 17, 2013, the Edmonton Rush Honored Jimmy by retiring his number 81 to the rafters of Rexall Place, joining the ranks of NHL Mark Messier, Wayne Gretzky, Paul Coffey, Jari Kurri, Al Hamilton, Grant Fuhr, Glenn Anderson and Edmonton Oilers Play By Play Announcer Rod Philips. Demotix.com He has the only Edmonton Rush number retired. His career spanned 9 seasons (Toronto Rock and Edmonton Rush),","Matt Hendricks Matthew James Hendricks (born June 17, 1981) is an American professional ice hockey left winger currently playing for the Minnesota Wild of the National Hockey League (NHL). Hendricks has also played in the NHL for the Colorado Avalanche, Washington Capitals, Nashville Predators, Edmonton Oilers and the Winnipeg Jets. He was drafted 131st overall by the Predators in 2000, though he didn't play for the organization until signing as a free agent for the 2013–14 season. Hendricks was drafted out of high school, 131st overall, in the fourth round of the 2000 NHL Entry Draft by the Nashville Predators.","Jordan Staal for the remainder of the season. Staal, along with fellow rookie Evgeni Malkin joined superstar Sidney Crosby, who had himself only entered his second NHL season, and goaltender Marc-André Fleury to form an effective young nucleus that revived the Penguins franchise. In January 2007, Staal participated in the NHL YoungStars Game during the All-Star festivities, along with teammates Ryan Whitney and Malkin. Shortly thereafter, on February 10, 2007, Staal scored his first NHL career hat trick against the Toronto Maple Leafs and set yet another NHL record by becoming the youngest player in league history to score a hat trick","Keke Rosberg Championships of 1962 & 1968 and 1996 respectively. In his karting years, Rosberg had a white helmet with a blue stripe, then, in F1, Sid Mosca (who designed helmets for Brazilian drivers including Ayrton Senna, Rubens Barrichello and Emerson Fittipaldi) painted Rosberg's helmet white with a blue circle on the top and the stripe was divided in a big blue rectangle covering the visor area with some blue rectangles behind (similar to Didier Pironi's helmet design). In 1984, the rectangles were replaced by a yellow trapezium. His son Nico used a design that had similarities to Keke's helmet earlier in","to help claim a silver medal. He returned for the following 2018 World U18 Championships in Russia, centering the top-line in recording 9 points in 7 tournament contests, helping Finland secure the gold medal over United States. He was also recognized as a top 3 on team Finland by the IIHF. Jesperi Kotkaniemi Jesperi Kotkaniemi (born 6 July 2000) is a Finnish professional ice hockey center currently playing for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted third overall by the Canadiens in the 2018 NHL Entry Draft. In October 2018, he became the first player","Jordan Subban Jordan-Carmichael Subban (born March 3, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for the Toronto Marlies of the American Hockey League (AHL), while under contract to the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected by the Vancouver Canucks in the fourth round (115th overall) of the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. He is the youngest of the three Subban brothers to be drafted into the NHL, the other two being Malcolm Subban and P. K. Subban. Subban was signed by the Canucks to a three-year entry-level contract on May 14, 2015.","Abdelkader proposed to his long time girlfriend Julie Leshkevich in November 2016 at the Joe Louis Arena. The couple married on July 21, 2017, and gave birth to their first child in September 2018. Justin Abdelkader Justin Abdelkader (; born February 25, 1987) is an American professional ice hockey left winger and alternate captain for the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL). Abdelkader played for the junior ice hockey Cedar Rapids RoughRiders of the United States Hockey League during his senior year of high school, scoring 27 goals and 52 points and helping the team win the","Marcel Pronovost his shoulder and broke his nose 14 times. By age 32, he had required over 200 stitches to close various cuts and lacerations. Pronovost viewed the injuries as part of the game: \"My game is a contact sport. It's a game of men. I expected to get bounced and get my lumps. I also expected to play in every single game.\" 2012 marked Pronovost's 65th year in professional hockey, tying King Clancy for the longest such tenure by anyone in NHL history. His name has been inscribed on the Stanley Cup eight times; five as a player and three as","Paul Mara Paul Richard Mara (born September 7, 1979 born in Ridgewood, New Jersey, and raised in Belmont, Massachusetts) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman who played 12 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected 7th overall by the Tampa Bay Lightning in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. His older brother, Rob Mara, was drafted by the Chicago Blackhawks in eleventh round of the 1994 NHL Entry Draft. Paul was the assistant coach of the 2018 Olympic United States women's national ice hockey team. In May 2018, he was named the head coach of the","teamwork and gritty play making him a popular favorite among fans. He is often in front of the net, capitalizing on his 6'5\" frame to screen opposition goaltenders and deflect goals. Because of his size and ability, he typically plays a unit on the power play. At the 2012 NHL trade deadline, on February 27, Gaustad and a 2013 fourth-round draft pick were sent to the Nashville Predators in exchange for a 2012 first-round pick. On September 8, 2016, Gaustad announced his retirement from the NHL after 12 seasons via his Instagram account. Paul Gaustad Paul Michael Gaustad (born February","Tim Hunter (ice hockey) Timothy Robert Hunter (born September 10, 1960) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player, and is the head coach of the Moose Jaw Warriors of the Western Hockey League (WHL), having previously served as an assistant coach in the National Hockey League (NHL), most recently for the Washington Capitals. Chosen in the 3rd round of the 1979 NHL Entry Draft (#54 overall) by the Atlanta Flames, Hunter went on to a 16-season playing career with the Calgary Flames, Quebec Nordiques, Vancouver Canucks, and San Jose Sharks. Hunter was on the Flames' 1989 Stanley Cup championship","André Roy wife, Karine Labelle. They married on July 23, 2005 and have a daughter, Maelie. André Roy André Roy (born February 8, 1975) is an American-born Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). Roy was drafted by the Boston Bruins, 151st overall in the sixth round of the 1994 NHL Entry Draft and has also played for the Ottawa Senators, the Tampa Bay Lightning (where he won the Stanley Cup in 2004), the Pittsburgh Penguins and the Calgary Flames. During the 2006–07 season, Roy was placed on waivers by the Penguins and claimed by","year-long contract on December 6, 2011. In his final professional season before retirement he finished the season as the IceCaps leader in penalty minutes and was awarded as the first ever winner of the fans choice award. Garth Murray Garth Robert Murray (born September 17, 1982) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Rangers, Montreal Canadiens, Florida Panthers and the Phoenix Coyotes. Before being drafted, Murray played hockey in the Western Hockey League, for the Regina Pats. He was never known as a scorer (peaking at 33","Martin Brodeur NHL announced that it had revised its unsportsmanlike conduct rule, now known as The Sean Avery Rule, effectively outlawing such antics. Brodeur started wearing a new painted mask design for the 2008–09 NHL season with a stylized \"MB30\" on the front, replacing the \"J\" that had been on his mask for nearly his entire NHL career. During a game on November 1, 2008, Brodeur suffered a \"bruised elbow\" which would later be diagnosed as a torn distal biceps tendon, the first major injury in his career. Following surgery on November 6, he would miss 16 weeks of the season before","Todd Bertuzzi–Steve Moore incident The Todd Bertuzzi–Steve Moore incident (also called the Steve Moore incident, the Todd Bertuzzi incident, and the Bertuzzi–Moore incident) was a highly controversial event in ice hockey that happened during a National Hockey League (NHL) game between the Vancouver Canucks and the Colorado Avalanche on March 8, 2004. In the first period, Steve Moore fought Vancouver player Matt Cooke and served a 5-minute major penalty for fighting. The Avalanche would go on to build up a large lead in a fight-filled game. Late in the third period, Todd Bertuzzi was sent onto the ice. After failing","Chris Chelios Bibi Torriani who had played twenty years after his debut (1928 and 1948). Chelios re-signed with the Detroit Red Wings for the 2007–08 season. On January 8, 2008, Chelios became the second oldest player in the history of the NHL, at 45 years, 348 days, passing Moe Roberts. Only Gordie Howe, who played until age 52, was older. On April 12, 2008, Chelios played in his 248th playoff game, breaking the NHL record set by Hall of Fame goaltender Patrick Roy. Later that season, Chelios also became the oldest active player to win the Stanley Cup. Chelios signed another one-year","he served as a backup goalie, and won a silver medal. Manny Legace Emmanuel Legace (born February 4, 1973) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender, who played most notably in the National Hockey League for the St. Louis Blues and Detroit Red Wings. Legace also enjoyed spells with the Los Angeles Kings, Carolina Hurricanes, and Iserlohn Roosters of the DEL. He finished his playing career for the Springfield Falcons of the American Hockey League, for whom he is the career leader in goaltending wins. Legace was born in Toronto, Ontario, but grew up in Alliston, Ontario. Prior to","Brad Lauer Brad R. Lauer (born October 27, 1966) is a Canadian ice hockey coach and former professional ice hockey player. He is currently the head coach of the Edmonton Oil Kings of the Western Hockey League (WHL). Lauer previously served as the power play coach for the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL) in June 2015. Lauer was drafted 34th overall in the 1985 NHL Entry Draft by the New York Islanders and played in the NHL for the Islanders, Chicago Blackhawks, Ottawa Senators, and Pittsburgh Penguins. Born and raised in Humboldt, Saskatchewan, Lauer played three seasons","Michael Ryder Michael Glen Wayne Ryder (born March 31, 1980) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He won the Stanley Cup in 2011 with the Boston Bruins. He has also played for the Montreal Canadiens, Dallas Stars, and New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League. Ryder played for the Hull Olympiques of the QMJHL. Ryder was drafted by the Montreal Canadiens in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft, 8th round, 216th overall. He hired hockey agent Thayne Campbell before signing with Montreal. On May 30, 2003, Ryder scored the winning goal to end the longest game in","Jamie Baker (ice hockey) James Paul Baker (born August 31, 1966) is a Canadian former ice hockey player, having played for the Quebec Nordiques, Ottawa Senators, San Jose Sharks and Toronto Maple Leafs. He was a former radio personality for the San Jose Sharks, and has been their television color commentator since 2014. Baker was selected by the Quebec Nordiques in the 1988 NHL Supplemental Draft. Following an outstanding college career with the St. Lawrence University Skating Saints, Baker went on to play in parts of 10 NHL seasons. In 404 career games, he tallied 71 goals and 150 points.","Al Arbour Alger Joseph Arbour (November 1, 1932 – August 28, 2015) was a Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and executive. He is third to Joel Quenneville for games coached in National Hockey League history and fourth all-time in wins, behind Scotty Bowman, Joel Quenneville and Ken Hitchcock. Under Arbour, the New York Islanders won four consecutive Stanley Cups from 1980 to 1983. Born in Sudbury, Ontario, Arbour played amateur hockey as a defenceman with the Windsor Spitfires of the Ontario Hockey League. He played his first professional games with the Detroit Red Wings in 1953. Claimed by the Chicago","the QMJHL in Quebec city. Barnaby and his wife Veronique now live in Clarence Center, New York with his two children, son Matthew Jr and daughter Taylor. In June 2016, Barnaby was named an assistant coach of the Ontario Hockey League's Kitchener Rangers. He was released from the Kitchener Rangers October 3, 2017 Matthew Barnaby Matthew Barnaby (born May 4, 1973) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger. Barnaby played in the NHL for the Buffalo Sabres, Pittsburgh Penguins, Tampa Bay Lightning, New York Rangers, Colorado Avalanche, Chicago Blackhawks and the Dallas Stars. He was drafted by the","Mike Gartner The record stood for 20 years until Dylan Larkin of the Detroit Red Wings broke it with a skating/running start 2016. In the 2017 All-Star Game, Connor McDavid of the Edmonton Oilers set a time of 13.310 beating Gartner (standing start) but not Larkin (running start). Gartner and his wife Colleen have two sons, Joshua and Dylan, and a daughter Natalie. They reside in Shanty Bay, Ontario. Gartner is a born-again Christian, and was introduced to the faith during his playing days by former Washington teammate Jean Pronovost. His son, Josh, played goalie for Yale University and right wing for","Brendan Shanahan most prominent team titles in ice hockey, an Olympic gold medal, a World Championship and a Stanley Cup, Shanahan is a member of the elite Triple Gold Club. Shanahan was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame on November 8, 2013. Shanahan was drafted by the New Jersey Devils second overall in the 1987 NHL Entry Draft after Pierre Turgeon. Expectations for Shanahan were high after a stellar career with the London Knights of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), with whom his number 19 has been retired. In his rookie season with the Devils, in 1987–88, he scored 26 points","Roger Crozier Roger Allan Crozier (March 16, 1942 – January 11, 1996) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played fourteen seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Detroit Red Wings, Buffalo Sabres and Washington Capitals. During his career, Crozier was named to the NHL First All-Star Team once, was a Calder Memorial Trophy winner, and was the first player to win the Conn Smythe Trophy while playing for the losing team in the Stanley Cup Finals. He was the last goaltender in the NHL to start all of his team's games in the regular season, in","in the NHL from 1971 to 1979. Peanuts O'Flaherty John Benedict \"Peanuts\" O'Flaherty (April 10, 1918 – July 16, 2008) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 21 games in the National Hockey League with the New York Americans. He was born in Toronto, Ontario. Peanuts received his nickname when a Toronto sports writer spotted him selling peanuts at Maple Leaf Gardens in 1933. In 21 career NHL games O'Flaherty recorded 5 goals and an assist for 6 points. Yet, he was best known as a star forward for the AHL's Pittsburgh Hornets in the 1940s. His son,","Chico Resch from the Devils Ice\". Resch is one of the supporters and coaches for Hockey Ministries International in the off-season, where he teaches young boys and girls hockey and ethic skills at Christian Hockey Camps. Resch was given the nickname \"Chico\" by the Islanders' teammate Doug Rombough, after the character portrayed by Freddie Prinze on the 1970s sit-com \"Chico and the Man\". Chants of \"Let's go, Chico!\" rang out at every Devils' game when he played. In the early 2000s, the same nickname was given to the Phoenix Coyotes' goaltender Robert Esche, whose sticks were labeled 'R.ESCHE', which resembled \"RESCH\". Resch","Teiji Honma Montreal Maroons of the National Hockey League, used a leather mask to protect his broken nose. He quickly discarded it, as the nosepiece obstructed his vision. In contrast, Jacques Plante invented and started regularly using the first practical goaltender mask in 1959, while the last North American professional goaltender not to regularly wear a mask was Andy Brown, who played his last game maskless in 1974 (he retired in 1977). His mask was similar to what a baseball catcher wore. It was made of leather, and had a wire cage to protect the face. Honma wore glasses when in nets,","them being game-winning goals. Pouliot further extended this with a sixth game-winning goal against the Colorado Avalanche on November 2, 2018. On June 26, the Canucks re-signed Pouliot to a one-year $1.1M contract. Derrick Pouliot Derrick Pouliot (born January 16, 1994) is a Canadian ice hockey defenceman for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). Pouliot was selected eighth overall in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft by the Pittsburgh Penguins and signed an entry-level contract with them the following September. Pouliot made his appearance at the midget level for the Moose Jaw Warriors Midget AAA of the SMAAAHL","Craig Berube Craig \"Chief\" Berube (born December 17, 1965) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach and former player. He is the interim head coach for the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL). Berube played 17 seasons in the NHL for the Philadelphia Flyers, Toronto Maple Leafs, Calgary Flames, Washington Capitals and New York Islanders. Also, Berube was a national team scout hired by Doug Armstrong for team Canada's 2016 World Cup of hockey team. Berube played 1054 NHL regular season games between 1986 and 2003. He was known as an enforcer in the NHL and amassed","Mike Barnett (ice hockey) \"no!\" in the famous Bo Jackson Nike commercial. Barnett and Gretzky worked with Nike from the early 1980s to his last game in the National Hockey League. With Gretzky, Nike broke into the hockey business and created their own line of equipment that sold worldwide. The last pair of skates that Gretzky wore in his final game as a Ranger were the latest Nike model. In late 1996, Barnett reached for the sky with Campbell Soup Company, who had begun aggressively marketing their Chunky Soup brand in sports. In October 1996, Gretzky became the first person ever to appear on","Marc Bergevin be named to the gold medal-winning Canadian national team for the 1994 World Championships. After three years with the Lightning, he played for the Detroit Red Wings, St. Louis Blues, Pittsburgh Penguins and the Vancouver Canucks, and was known for his practical jokes in the locker room. Bergevin served as an alternate captain during part of his time with the Lightning and Blues. Bergevin retired after the 2003–04 NHL season, and despite two stints in the minors and serious injuries in his final years, was in the top 100 in NHL history at the time of his retirement in games","Alexander Radulov Alexander Valerievich Radulov (; born 5 July 1986) is a Russian professional ice hockey player, currently an alternate captain for the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League (NHL). He had previously had two separate stints with the Nashville Predators, the NHL team which had drafted him, as well one season with the Montreal Canadiens and 8 seasons in the Kontinental Hockey League, split evenly between Salavat Yulaev Ufa and CSKA Moscow. He is a two-time World Champion (2008 and 2009) with the Russian National Hockey Team; a 2011 Gagarin Cup champion with Salavat Yulaev Ufa; and a","Curt Fraser Curtis Martin Fraser (born January 12, 1958) is a former ice hockey player of dual American and Canadian citizenship. He currently serves as assistant coach of the National Hockey League's Dallas Stars. Fraser was born in Cincinnati while his father played for the International Hockey League's Cincinnati Mohawks. He was raised in Winnipeg and Vancouver. Fraser was diagnosed with diabetes in 1983 and is active in fundraising and awareness efforts for the disease. Fraser played junior hockey with the Victoria Cougars of the Western Hockey League, where he set franchise records for goals, assists, points, and penalty minutes.","Todd Marchant Todd Michael Marchant (born August 12, 1973) is a retired American professional ice hockey player who played 17 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played nine seasons with the Edmonton Oilers and almost six seasons with the Anaheim Ducks, along with just over a season with the Columbus Blue Jackets and a game with the New York Rangers. He also played 49 games in the American Hockey League (AHL) between his time with the Binghamton Rangers and Cape Breton Oilers. Marchant played high school hockey at Williamsville East High School. He then played two years in","History of the National Hockey League (1942–1967) points. Willie O'Ree broke the NHL's colour barrier when he dressed for the Bruins in 1958. The NHL continued to develop throughout the era. In 1943, in an attempt to 'open up' the game, the league introduced the centre-ice red line allowing players for the first time to pass out of their defensive zone. In 1959, Jacques Plante became the first goaltender to regularly wear a face mask for protection. Off the ice, the business of hockey was changing as well. The first amateur draft was held in 1963 as part of efforts to balance talent distribution within the league.","Brassard with former New York Rangers teammate and close friend Carl Hagelin. Derick Brassard Derick Brassard (born September 22, 1987) is a Canadian ice hockey player who currently plays as a centre for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has previously played for the Columbus Blue Jackets, the New York Rangers, and the Ottawa Senators. The Columbus Blue Jackets drafted him in the first round, sixth overall, in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft. Brassard played youth hockey with the Gatineau L'Intrépide, where he captained his midget team. He was selected in the second round, 18th overall,","Dominik Hašek Stanley Cup. In the process, he set a record for shutouts in a postseason year. Hašek was considered an unorthodox goaltender, with a distinct style that labeled him a \"flopper\". He was best known for his concentration, foot speed, flexibility, and unconventional saves, such as covering the puck with his blocker rather than his trapper. Hašek holds the highest career save percentage of all time (0.9223) and is seventh in goals against average (first in the modern era) (2.202), and the third-highest single-season save percentage (0.9366 in 1998–99). The record was broken by Tim Thomas in the 2010–11 season and","Jimmy Mann (ice hockey) James Edward Mann (born April 17, 1959) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who played 293 games in the National Hockey League. He played for the Winnipeg Jets, Quebec Nordiques and the Pittsburgh Penguins. He makes regular appearances with a program for charity, called Oldtimers Hockey Challenge. Born in Montreal, Quebec, Mann was selected by the Winnipeg Jets in the first round of the 1979 NHL Entry Draft, this pick was the first pick in franchise history. Mann made a reputation for himself as a brawler collecting 287 penalty minutes during his first NHL","George McPhee perceived to be dirty play by the Chicago Blackhawks, punched then Blackhawks head coach Lorne Molleken outside the Chicago locker room after their teams' exhibition game. Molleken sustained injuries to his head and in response Blackhawks players and team aides jumped McPhee, leaving him with a torn suit. On October 1, 1999, NHL commissioner Gary Bettman suspended McPhee for one month without pay and fined him $20,000. Throughout the 2003–04 season, McPhee and Capitals owner Ted Leonsis decided to dump salary and begin a youth movement. In a fire sale, the Capitals traded Sergei Gonchar, Jaromír Jágr, Peter Bondra, Michael","Georges Laraque Georges Edy Laraque (; born December 7, 1976) is a Canadian sports commentator, politician, and former ice hockey player. Laraque previously retired from hockey on August 10, 2010, after the Montreal Canadiens bought out his contract. He is a commentator for TVA Sports and most recently executive director of the fledgling Canadian Hockey League Players' Association. During his 14-year National Hockey League (NHL) career, he played for the Edmonton Oilers, Phoenix Coyotes, Pittsburgh Penguins, and Montreal Canadiens. From 2010 to 2013, he was one of two deputy leaders of the Green Party of Canada. Laraque entered the Quebec","due to injury. During the 2004–05 NHL lockout, Zhamnov spent time playing in his homeland. Alexei Zhamnov Alexei Yuryevich \"Alex\" Zhamnov (; born October 1, 1970) is a Russian former professional ice hockey centre who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Winnipeg Jets, Chicago Blackhawks, Philadelphia Flyers and Boston Bruins. He is the general manager of HC Spartak Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He previously served as general manager of Vityaz Chekhov and Atlant Moscow Oblast. Zhamnov has been a part of three Olympic games, winning gold, silver, and bronze medals with the Unified Team","Mike Rupp Michael Ryan Rupp (born January 13, 1980) is an American retired professional ice hockey centre. He has previously played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New Jersey Devils, Phoenix Coyotes, Columbus Blue Jackets, Pittsburgh Penguins, New York Rangers and Minnesota Wild. Rupp scored the Stanley Cup-clinching goal — and first Stanley Cup playoff goal of his career — in the 2003 Stanley Cup Finals, which gave the Devils franchise its third Cup championship. Rupp currently serves as an analyst on NHL Network and AT&T SportsNet Pittsburgh. Rupp played high school hockey at St. Edward High School","Raffi Torres them where they reached the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals. Torres then signed with the Phoenix Coyotes and then with the San Jose Sharks. Internationally, he represented Canada at the 2001 World Junior Championships, winning a bronze medal. Torres, a physical, forechecking forward with offensive capabilities, was suspended five times for illegal hits to opponents' heads. He received the fourth-longest suspension in the history of the NHL at the time for his hit to the head of Marian Hossa in Game 3 of the 2012 Western Conference Quarterfinals. In October 2015, Torres received a 41-game (half-season) suspension for an illegal hit","married his fiancé Alena and on 19 August 2015, she gave birth to a son. In 2017, they had their second son, Danil. Alexander Semin Alexander Valeryevich Semin (, ; born 3 March 1984) is a Russian professional ice hockey winger currently signed to HC Vityaz of the Kontinental Hockey League, the highest league in Russia. He has previously played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Washington Capitals, Carolina Hurricanes and Montreal Canadiens. Semin was trained in the Traktor Chelyabinsk hockey school and made his professional debut in Russia's second-tier Russian Major League in 2001–02. After scoring 13","Hat-trick hat to players to mark the accomplishment. Thus, by 1944 the term \"hat trick\" was common enough to be termed \"traditional.\" Given how frequently the words \"hat trick\" were used in sports reporting on cricket and association football in the early 20th century, the term was probably routinely used in hockey by the early 1930s. Wayne Gretzky holds the NHL record for the most hat tricks in a career with 50. Harry Hyland scored the league's first hat trick, in the league's very first game on 19 December 1917, in which Hyland's Montreal Wanderers defeated the Toronto Arenas 10–9. A","Mexico where he owned a ranch and drove a school bus. He also worked as an actor; in 1989, he played an outlaw on the television mini-series \"Lonesome Dove\", in 1990 he portrayed Poe Possey in the movie \"Young Guns II\", and in 1997 he appeared with Tom Selleck in the 1997 television film \"Last Stand at Saber River\". Howie Young Howard John Edward \"Cowboy\" Young (August 2, 1937 – November 24, 1999) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and actor, best known for his time in the National Hockey League with the Detroit Red Wings in the 1960s.","Brendan Shanahan 1998, 2002). In 2017 Shanahan was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history. With his physical play and goal scoring ability, Shanahan scored 656 goals in his NHL career spanning over 1,500 NHL games and, at the time of his retirement, was the leader among active NHL players for goals scored. Shanahan is the only player in NHL history with over 600 goals and 2,000 penalty minutes. Competing for Canada internationally, Shanahan won a gold medal at the 1994 World Championships, 2002 Winter Olympics, and a 1991 Canada Cup championship. Having won what are considered the three","Raffi Torres on October 5, Torres was suspended a record 41 games by the league, half of the regular season. Torres forfeited $440,860.29 in salary, which was deposited into the Players' Emergency Assistance Fund. While the record for longest suspension is held by Billy Coutu, who was suspended for life in 1927, Torres holds the distinction of the longest non-lifetime ban, which was previously held by Chris Simon for an incident in 2007. This is also the longest-ever NHL suspension for a hit on another player. Torres did not appeal the suspension and apologized to Silfverberg. Sharks general manager Doug Wilson supported","Daniel Cleary to the Pittsburgh Penguins in seven games in a rematch of the previous Stanley Cup final. In 2009, Cleary founded the Danny Cleary Hockey School in his native province of Newfoundland. The hockey school achieved notoriety after Henrik Zetterberg appeared wearing a hat donning the Danny Cleary Hockey School logo. The hat is available for purchase for $40 USD, to which Scott Parsons replied, \"I wouldn't pay 40 bucks for the hockey school, much less the hat.\" On September 12, 2013, the Detroit Red Wings re-signed Cleary to a one-year, $1.75 million contract. On July 10, 2014, the Detroit Red","Jaromír Jágr record of 19 years, which was established by Gary Roberts in 2008; coincidentally, both instances involved someone with the Penguins at one end of those streaks. Also coincidental was that, as in his previous Stanley Cup appearance, Jágr's opponents were the Chicago Blackhawks. After the Bruins lost the Finals to Chicago, the team announced on 26 June 2013, that they had no intention of re-signing Jágr. On 22 July 2013, Jágr agreed to a one-year deal with the New Jersey Devils. The deal included $2 million guaranteed and another $2 million incentive if Jágr were to play at least 40","Vancouver Millionaires and Ottawa Senators, and long-time Coach and General Manager of the Detroit Red Wings. It was first awarded at the conclusion of the regular season. Jacques Demers is the only coach to win the award in consecutive seasons. Five coaches have won the award with two teams: Jacques Lemaire, Pat Quinn, Scotty Bowman, and John Tortorella have won the award twice, while Pat Burns is the only coach to win three times. The franchises with the most Jack Adams Award winners are the Philadelphia Flyers, Detroit Red Wings and Phoenix Coyotes with four winners each, although the Coyotes","Colorado Avalanche in the last regular season meeting between the Avalanche and the Red Wings on March 26, 1997, a brawl known as the Brawl in Hockeytown broke out. The game ended with nine fights, 11 goals, 39 penalties, 148 penalty minutes, one hat-trick (by Valeri Kamensky) and a goaltender fight between Stanley Cup champion Patrick Roy and Mike Vernon. Claude Lemieux was one of the players singled out by the Red Wings players. The Red Wings ended up winning the game in overtime 6–5. The teams met again in the Western Conference Finals that season, with the Red Wings emerging victorious","1959–60 NHL season by riding a Hart Memorial Trophy performance by their ageless star right-winger, Gordie Howe. The season was marked by important changes in the NHL, as Canadiens goaltender Jacques Plante, like Clint Benedict before him, began to wear a mask in hockey games. Plante, who had asthma-related problems throughout his career, first began wearing a mask in practice shortly after a sinus operation in 1957. On November 1, 1959, Plante's nose was broken by a shot from New York Rangers right-winger Andy Bathgate. After being stitched up, Plante insisted on wearing a mask for the remainder of the game. Montreal coach","Sergei Starikov Sergei Viktorovich Starikov () (born December 4, 1958 in Chelyabinsk, Soviet Union) is a Russian ice hockey coach, who competed as defenseman for the Soviet national team. Sergei Starikov won 9 national titles in the Soviet Union. Participating in 3 Olympic Tournaments, Sergei won 2 Gold and 1 Silver medal. He would appear on the cover of Sports Illustrated, becoming one of the first Soviet players to wear an NHL uniform when he joined the New Jersey Devils in 1989 along with his friend and defensive partner from the Soviet team, Viacheslav Fetisov. He lives in New Jersey","Joey Moss Joseph Neil \"Joey\" Moss (born September 25, 1963) is the locker room attendant for the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League and the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League. Born with Down syndrome, Moss caught the eye of Oilers centre Wayne Gretzky in 1985, when Gretzky was dating Moss' sister, Vikki. Impressed with the dedication Moss brought to a job at an Edmonton bottle depot, Gretzky suggested to team general manager Glen Sather that the young man be given a tryout. As the summer of 1986 came around, Gretzky was worried that Joey would lose everything","Quebec Nordiques Minnesota Fighting Saints to reach the finals, where they were swept in four games by the Gordie Howe-led Houston Aeros. The next season saw the squad become a high-flying offensive juggernaut, becoming the only team in major professional history to have five players break 100 points (Tardif, Cloutier, Chris Bordeleau, Bernier and Houle), a mark which still stands as of 2017. The season ended in disappointment as the Nordiques lost to the Calgary Cowboys in the first round of the playoffs, after losing Marc Tardif to injury after a controversial hit by the Cowboys' Rick Jodzio. Despite injuries to Tardif","the award. Anderson Jose Theodore and Al Rollins are the only winners of the Hart Trophy who have not been selected to the Hockey Hall of Fame. Tommy Anderson (ice hockey) Thomas Linton \"Tom, Cowboy\" Anderson (July 9, 1911 – September 15, 1971) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played 8 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Detroit Red Wings and the New York/Brooklyn Americans. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland and raised in Drumheller, Alberta and spent his final years in Sylvan Lake, Alberta. He was one of three children of Alexander Robert Thomas Anderson","Patrick Marleau Patrick Denis Marleau (born September 15, 1979) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward and an alternate captain for the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL). He previously played for the San Jose Sharks from 1997 to 2017, and served as captain from 2004 to 2009. Marleau is the all-time Sharks leader in goals, even strength goals, power play goals, points, shots and games played having spent nearly his entire NHL career with the Sharks since being drafted second overall by the franchise in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. He played his 1,600th NHL game","was announced to have accepted a position as a professional scout for the New York Rangers. Eminger is married to Lindsay Eminger. Steve Eminger Steve Eminger (born October 31, 1983) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). Eminger, who is also known for his physical play, started his hockey career with the Kitchener Rangers of the Ontario Hockey League in 1999. He was drafted in the first round, 12th overall by the Washington Capitals at the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. He made his NHL debut the next season, but after 17","1979–80 NHL season qualified for the playoffs, but both teams were swept 3 games to 0 in their respective first-round playoff series. In August 1979, John Ziegler, the NHL president, announced that protective helmets will be mandatory for all NHL players. \"The introduction of the helmet rule will be an additional safety factor\", he said. The only exception will be for players who signed their pro contracts prior to June 1, 1979. Those players under the exception who chose not to wear a helmet also had to sign a waiver form. At the time of the rule change, about 70% of NHLers were","most of the season after Keith Primeau suffered a near career-ending injury.\" Derian Hatcher Derian John Hatcher (born June 4, 1972) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman who played 16 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Minnesota North Stars, Dallas Stars, Detroit Red Wings and Philadelphia Flyers. He currently serves as the head coach of the Sarnia Sting of the Ontario Hockey League. He is the younger brother of former NHL player Kevin Hatcher, with whom he was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame on October 21, 2010. In 2015 Hatcher and","to re-sign Jokipakka, making him an unrestricted free agent. On 5 September 2017, the Washington Capitals signed Jokipakka to a professional try-out (PTO), where he would attend the team's training camp. Jokipakka signed a one-year deal with the HC Sochi Leopards of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) in October 2017. He re-signed with Sochi for a second season in 2018. Jyrki Jokipakka Jyrki Jokipakka ( , born 20 August 1991) is a Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for HC Sochi of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He was selected by the Dallas Stars in the seventh round","Joakim Ryan Joakim Ryan (born June 17, 1993) is an American-born Swedish professional ice hockey defenseman. He is currently playing for the San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected by the Sharks in the seventh round (198th overall) of the 2012 NHL Entry Draft. Raised in Rumson, New Jersey, Ryan played high school hockey at Christian Brothers Academy in Lincroft, New Jersey. Ryan played collegiate hockey for the NCAA Division I Cornell Big Red men's ice hockey team which competes in the ECAC Hockey conference. In his junior year, Ryan's outstanding play was rewarded with","Kris Letang Kristopher Allen Letang (born April 24, 1987) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman and alternate captain for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL). He played juniors in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) for three seasons, during which time he was selected 62nd overall by the Penguins in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft. In his second full NHL season, Letang won the Stanley Cup with Pittsburgh, he became a two-time Stanley Cup champion when the Penguins defeated the San Jose Sharks in 2016, and a three-time Stanley Cup champion when the Penguins defeated","After leaving the KHL in off-season, Quint opted to continue his veteran career in agreeing to return to Germany, signing a one-year deal with reigning champions, EHC München on June 9, 2016. Deron Quint Deron Timothy Quint (born March 12, 1976) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman. His playing experience included spending time in the National Hockey League with the Winnipeg Jets, Phoenix Coyotes, New Jersey Devils, Columbus Blue Jackets, Chicago Blackhawks and New York Islanders. He was the last active player to have played for the original Winnipeg Jets team. Quint was drafted 30th overall by Winnipeg","Ice hockey goaltending equipment advance in mask design came during the 1974-75 season, when goaltending great Tony Esposito, who had experienced puck and stick injuries to his eyes, fitted a steel cage over the eyeholes of his molded mask and crafted a fiberglass extension to protect the top of his head, thereby setting the groundwork for the next step in mask evolution, the modern goaltender mask, commonly referred to as the \"hybrid\" mask. Today, most goaltenders utilize hybrid masks made of fiberglass, kevlar, carbon fiber, and other composite materials. Modern masks have a large cutout in the eye and nose area covered by a","Teuvo Teräväinen Teuvo Teräväinen Teuvo Henri Matias Teräväinen (born 11 September 1994) is a Finnish professional ice hockey winger currently playing for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected in the first round, 18th overall, of the 2012 NHL Entry Draft by the Chicago Blackhawks after playing several seasons with the Jokerit organization in Finland. Also being drafted by the KHL's Lokomotiv Yaroslavl in the 2011 KHL Junior Draft, he is known for his offensive abilities and play-making skills. In 2015, Teräväinen won a Stanley Cup as a member of the Blackhawks. A product of Jokerit's youth","History of the National Hockey League (1992–present) The Minnesota Wild and Columbus Blue Jackets then began play in 2000. On April 16, 1999, Wayne Gretzky played his final NHL game, retiring as the league's all-time scoring leader and holding 61 NHL records. His number, 99, was retired league-wide the following season. The usual three-year waiting period between a player's retirement and his induction into the Hockey Hall of Fame was waived, and he was inducted in 1999. For marketing reasons, the NHL agreed to participate in the Winter Olympics starting in 1998. NHL players first competed at the Nagano Games. Led by goaltender Dominik Hašek, the tournament","Canuck as their logo. When the Canucks moved to the National Hockey League in 1970, they discontinued the Johnny Canuck logo in favour of the \"Stick-in-Rink\" logo. In 2006, a vintage-inspired goaltender mask worn by Canucks goaltender Roberto Luongo once again featured Johnny Canuck. In the 2007 off-season, it was announced that the Canucks were designing a new uniform and it was speculated among fans and media that Johnny Canuck would officially return as a logo in some capacity. Although the character was ultimately not included, the following season, in 2007–08, Luongo's new mask once again featured Johnny Canuck, but","would be donating his brain to concussion research, becoming the first active NHL player to do so. Ben Lovejoy Benjamin N. \"The Reverend\" Lovejoy (born February 20, 1984) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman for the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Pittsburgh Penguins and the Anaheim Ducks. His nickname \"The Reverend\" comes from The Simpsons character Reverend Lovejoy. Lovejoy played hockey at Cardigan Mountain School in Canaan, New Hampshire and then at Deerfield Academy in Deerfield, Massachusetts. The two programs have turned out numerous NCAA Division 1 standout players","to hold. Along with Mike Commodore, he played a role in Paul Brandt's music video, \"Convoy\", as a truck driver. Rhett Warrener Rhett Adam Warrener (born January 27, 1976) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played over 700 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Florida Panthers, Buffalo Sabres and Calgary Flames between 1995 and 2008. He was a member of the Canadian national junior team that won a gold medal at the 1996 World Junior Championship. Warrener retired in 2009 after missing a full season due to a shoulder injury. He briefly remained with","few times that a venue this large has sold products from competing soft drink companies. As with most other NHL arenas, the Penguins make use of a goal horn whenever the team scores a goal at home. It is also played just before the beginning of a home game, and after the Penguins win. Their current goal horn, made by Nathan Manufacturing, Inc. and introduced in 2005 to coincide with the arrival of Sidney Crosby to the team, was brought over from the Civic Arena to the PPG Paints Arena after the Penguins closed the Civic Arena. Team owner Mario","Paul Ranheim Paul Stephen Ranheim (born January 25, 1966 in St. Louis, Missouri and raised in Edina, Minnesota) is an American former professional ice hockey forward who played 15 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Calgary Flames, Hartford Whalers, Carolina Hurricanes, Philadelphia Flyers and Phoenix Coyotes. He was a second round selection, 38th overall, at the 1984 NHL Entry Draft and played 1,013 games between 1988 and 2003. Internationally, he played with Team USA; He played in three World Championships and was a member of the bronze-medal winning squad at the 1986 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.","Jaromír Jágr distributing money. \"We all know what would happen if the young did not practice any sport. If children practice some sport, they do not have time for other things such as alcohol.\" Jágr is an Orthodox Christian; he was baptized in 2001 by Prague's metropolitan. He began to speak more publicly about his faith during his three-year stint in Russia (a historically Orthodox nation). Jágr's longevity in the NHL has spawned a fan club known as \"The Traveling Jagrs\", a group of hockey fans from the Alberta cities of Calgary and Camrose who share interest in the player. The group","Mikhail Sergachev Mikhail Sergachyov (Russian: Михаил Сергачeв; born 25 June 1998) is a Russian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall by the Montreal Canadiens in the 2016 NHL Entry Draft. Sergachev was the third player in NHL history to wear sweater #98 in a regular season game, behind both Brian Lawton and Jesse Puljujärvi. Sergachev began his junior career in Russia, where he played for Irbis Kazan of the MHL. Sergachev was drafted sixth overall in the CHL Import Draft, selected by the Windsor","jerseys. Ducks team owner Henry Samueli brought up that Selanne's jersey retirement banner “looked lonely in the rafters” and told Kariya “they may have to do something about that in the future”. The Anaheim Ducks retired his number on October 21, 2018 at a ceremony attended by Selanne and Scott Niedermayer. https://www.ocregister.com/2017/11/19/hhof-inductees-paul-kariya-teemu-selanne-enjoy-spotlight-once-more-at-honda-center-2/ Paul Kariya Paul Tetsuhiko Kariya (born October 16, 1974) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey winger who played 15 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). Known as a skilled and fast-skating offensive player, he played in the NHL for the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, Colorado Avalanche,","Patrick Roy Patrick Jacques Roy (; born October 5, 1965) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender and the former head coach and vice-president of hockey operations for the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League (NHL). He is currently the general manager and head coach of the Quebec Remparts of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). He is regarded as one of the greatest goaltenders of all time. In 2017 Roy was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history. Nicknamed \"Saint Patrick,\" Roy split his playing career in the NHL between the Montreal Canadiens,","Jussi Jokinen for Michael Cammalleri. Jokinen recorded 1 goal and 4 assists in 18 games for the club. On January 16, 2018, Jokinen was placed on waivers by the Kings, and was then claimed off waivers by the Columbus Blue Jackets on January 17. On February 26, 2018, Jokinen and Tyler Motte were traded to the Vancouver Canucks in exchange for Thomas Vanek. As a result of this trade, Jokinen became the fourth player in NHL history, behind Dennis O'Brien, Dave McLlwain and Mark Arcobello to play for four different NHL teams in a single season. Jokinen has played for the Finnish","Jay Beagle Jay Beagle (born October 16, 1985) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who currently plays for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). As an undrafted free agent, he originally played with the Washington Capitals. When the Capitals won the 2018 Stanley Cup, he became the first player to win the Kelly Cup (ECHL), Calder Cup (AHL), and the Stanley Cup (NHL). Beagle played for the Calgary Royals of the AJHL in 2003–04 and 2004–05. He then played for the University of Alaska Anchorage in 2005–06 and 2006–07. Beagle played for the Idaho Steelheads of","Ulf Samuelsson Ulf Bo Samuelsson (born March 26, 1964) is a retired Swedish-American professional ice hockey defenceman. He played several seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Hartford Whalers, Pittsburgh Penguins, New York Rangers, Detroit Red Wings, and Philadelphia Flyers. He is a two-time Stanley Cup champion, as a member of the Penguins in 1991 and 1992. Samuelsson earned the reputation as being one of the dirtiest and most vicious players in the history of the NHL, a rough-and-ready belligerent who excelled at hurting and antagonizing opponents, with doctoral levels of precision at targeting the most vulnerable body","J. T. Compher Joseph Taylor Compher (born April 8, 1995) is an American professional ice hockey player, who is currently playing with the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League (NHL). He previously played college ice hockey and was captain for the Michigan Wolverines of the Big Ten Conference. Compher was originally drafted 35th overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. Compher trained with the USA Hockey National Team Development Program team from 2011 to 2013. During his rookie season, Compher lead the team, and all Big Ten freshman in scoring, recording 11 goals and 20","John Ziegler Jr. Washington where he finished his career playing four seasons. Ziegler, along with Alan Eagleson, announced on August 6, 1979 that protective helmets would become mandatory in the NHL. The new rule had a grandfather clause that granted players who had signed pro contracts prior to June 1, 1979 the option of wearing helmets or not. Those who chose not to wear one signed liability waivers. Ziegler was the NHL's first American chief executive, and the American teams were far less hostile to the idea of a merger with the World Hockey Association than their Canadian counterparts. There were a number","Mark Messier Mark Douglas Messier (; born January 18, 1961) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey center of the National Hockey League and former special assistant to the president and general manager of the New York Rangers. He played a quarter of a century in the NHL (1979–2004) with the Edmonton Oilers, New York Rangers, and Vancouver Canucks. He also played professionally with the World Hockey Association (WHA)'s Indianapolis Racers and Cincinnati Stingers. He was the last former WHA player to be active in professional hockey, and the last active player who had played in the NHL in the","Peter Forsberg, Phil Housley, Teemu Selänne, Daniel Sedin and his brother Henrik Sedin. Reebok has phased out the use of the Jofa brand on its hockey equipment, in favour of its core CCM and Rbk brands. The Rbk brand has subsequently been changed to Reebok Hockey. Despite not producing hockey equipment since the 2004 Reebok buyout, Teemu Selänne was the only player in the NHL that continued to wear a Jofa helmet: a Jofa 366 with the Jofa logo blacked-out due to an expired licensing agreement with the NHL. Subsequent to Selänne's retirement after the Ducks' elimination in the 2014"],"string":"[\n \"the NHL ruled that he had instigated the fight. On September 6, 1985, Mark Messier lost control of his Porsche and totaled it by hitting three parked cars. He was later charged with hit and run and careless driving, for which he paid a fine. He won four more Cups with the Oilers, 1985, 1987, 1988 and 1990, the last which he captained the Oilers to a five-game victory over the Boston Bruins. Though the Oilers had been a 1980s powerhouse, the 1990 victory, which came two years after Wayne Gretzky was traded away, surprised many. Messier also won the\",\n \"Bret Hedican Bret Michael Hedican (born August 10, 1970) is an American former professional ice hockey player, a Stanley Cup champion, and a two-time US Olympian. Hedican was drafted 198th overall by the St. Louis Blues in the 1988 NHL Entry Draft. A product of St. Cloud State University, Hedican played with the 1992 US Olympic Team before he made his NHL debut in the 1991–92 season with the Blues. In his third season with the Blues, Hedican was traded to the Vancouver Canucks with Jeff Brown and Nathan LaFayette for Craig Janney, on March 21, 1994, joining the Canucks\",\n \"Irene, son Karsten and with an unborn son at the time who was given the name Jovy Nicolai. Following his death, the Toyota Atlantic Championship created the Jovy Marcelo Sportsmanship Award, which is given annually to the driver who best exemplifies the sportsmanship of Marcelo. The First Jovy Marcelo sportsmanship award was presented to Bret Hart for the 1992–1993 season. He named his first son Jovy Kakoa Hart. Frankie Muniz won the 2008 IMSA Cooper Tires Atlantic Championship Jovy Marcelo Sportsmanship Award. Jovy Marcelo Edward Jovy Jacinto Marcelo (April 20, 1965 – May 15, 1992), better known simply as Jovy\",\n \"Greg Terrion Patrick Gregory Terrion (May 2, 1960 – September 28, 2018) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 561 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). His jersey number was 7 and he played for the Toronto Maple Leafs and the Los Angeles Kings. Terrion was originally drafted by Los Angeles in the second round in the 1980 NHL Entry Draft, and played two seasons for the club before a trade on October 19, 1982 sent him to the Maple Leafs in exchange for a fourth round draft pick in 1983. He played six seasons for Toronto.\",\n \"Red Kelly to counter the Philadelphia Flyers' use of Kate Smith's rendition of \\\"God Bless America.\\\" He hung a plastic model of a pyramid in the team's clubhouse after a pair of away defeats to start the series. The players embraced the superstition after observing team captain Darryl Sittler first place his hockey sticks beneath the pyramid and then stand under it for exactly four minutes. The Maple Leafs managed to win all three of its home matches before losing the series' decisive Game 7. Kelly was fired at the end of the 1976-1977 season, ending 30 consecutive years at ice level\",\n \"Michal Rozsíval shorthanded goals, with two. On 1 July 2008, Rozsíval signed a four-year contract extension with the Rangers worth a total of $20 million. On 22 February 2009, Rozsíval switched his jersey number to 33 when former Rangers' player Harry Howell had his number 3 retired. On 10 January 2011, Rozsíval was traded to the Phoenix Coyotes for Wojtek Wolski. He did not record any points during the Coyotes' run to the 2012 Western Conference Finals against the Los Angeles Kings. He was injured on a play just seconds before Dustin Penner's overtime series winner after a hit from Dustin Brown,\",\n \"Jaroslav Drobný only in his final appearance at Wimbledon in 1960, at the age of 38, did he represent his new homeland Great Britain. During his amateur career, Drobný won over 130 singles titles, and was world ranked in the top 10 from 1946–55. Drobný was inducted in the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island in 1983. He is the only person to win the rare combination of Wimbledon in tennis and a world championship title in ice hockey. In total, Drobný started in Wimbledon 17 times, always sporting his trademark tinted prescription glasses as an old ice hockey\",\n \"Shea Weber behind in a game against Vancouver on October 20, 2011. While Hansen was uninjured on the play, Weber was fined $2,500 – the maximum allowable financial penalty – by the NHL the following day. In Nashville's first game of the 2012 Stanley Cup Quarterfinals, against Detroit, Weber slammed centre Henrik Zetterberg's head into the glass boards during the closing seconds of the game after being hit by Zetterberg. The force of the blow cracked Zetterberg's helmet but he suffered no injury and would play in the next game. As punishment, the NHL imposed a $2,500 fine (the maximum allowable under\",\n \"Börje Salming he became the first Swedish hockey player to be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. In 1998, he was ranked 74th on \\\"The Hockey News\\\"' list of the 100 Greatest National Hockey League Players, the highest-ranked player from Sweden. On 4 October 2006, Salming's no. 21, along with Red Kelly's and Hap Day's no. 4, was honoured by the Leafs in a ceremony before their first game of the 2006–07 season. Börje Salming Anders Börje Salming (; born 17 April 1951), nicknamed \\\"The King\\\", is a Swedish retired professional ice hockey defenceman. He played for Brynäs IF, the Toronto\",\n \"stepdaughter. Cooke and Michelle run a foundation called The Cooke Family Foundation of Hope, based out of Vancouver. Matt Cooke Matthew David Cooke (born September 7, 1978) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played sixteen seasons and 1046 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). Cooke won the Stanley Cup with the Pittsburgh Penguins during the 2008–09 NHL season and was a member of the Team Canada team that won the gold medal at the 2004 World Championships. In addition to having previously played for the Penguins, he has also played in the NHL with the Vancouver\",\n \"Ice hockey equipment is an advantage to the goalies, for whom lateral mobility and stability are more important than quick turns and speed. The first skates had simple metal blades tied to regular shoes. The sticks were thin pieces of wood until the 1930s. In 1897, G.H. Merritt introduced simple goalie pads by wearing the wicket-keeper's pads. All players played in simple leather gloves, until a Detroit goalie introduced the trapper and blocker in 1948, by experimenting with a rectangular piece of leather, and a baseball catcher's glove. Jacques Plante was the first regular user of the goalie mask; Clint Benedict used a\",\n \"and Taylor Chorney – Washington Capitals, Ryan Bayda – Pittsburgh Penguins, Drew Stafford – Boston Bruins, Brian Lee – Ottawa Senators, Matt Smaby – Tampa Bay Lightning, Matt Jones and Matt Frattin – Toronto Maple Leafs, Mike Commodore – Columbus Blue Jackets, Jason Blake – Anaheim Ducks, Ryan Johnson – Vancouver Canucks, Chris VandeVelde – Philadelphia Flyers NFL professional football players Jim Kleinsasser and Dave Osborn both of the Minnesota Vikings, Chris Kuper of the Denver Broncos, and Weston Dressler of the Canadian Football League's Winnipeg blue bombers. University of North Dakota The University of North Dakota (also known as\",\n \"Jeff Friesen Jeffrey Daryl Friesen (born August 5, 1976) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played over 800 games in the National Hockey League. He is known for his tenure with the San Jose Sharks and the New Jersey Devils, with whom he won the Stanley Cup in 2003. Friesen played his junior years with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League (WHL) where he was Rookie of the Year in 1993. He was selected 11th overall in the first round of the 1994 NHL Entry Draft by the San Jose Sharks. He played 14 season\",\n \"Jimmy Quinlan Cup in 2007. Quinlan retired as a player after the 2013 season as the last original player from season 1 of the Edmonton Rush and became the defensive coach for the Edmonton Rush. On January 17, 2013, the Edmonton Rush Honored Jimmy by retiring his number 81 to the rafters of Rexall Place, joining the ranks of NHL Mark Messier, Wayne Gretzky, Paul Coffey, Jari Kurri, Al Hamilton, Grant Fuhr, Glenn Anderson and Edmonton Oilers Play By Play Announcer Rod Philips. Demotix.com He has the only Edmonton Rush number retired. His career spanned 9 seasons (Toronto Rock and Edmonton Rush),\",\n \"Matt Hendricks Matthew James Hendricks (born June 17, 1981) is an American professional ice hockey left winger currently playing for the Minnesota Wild of the National Hockey League (NHL). Hendricks has also played in the NHL for the Colorado Avalanche, Washington Capitals, Nashville Predators, Edmonton Oilers and the Winnipeg Jets. He was drafted 131st overall by the Predators in 2000, though he didn't play for the organization until signing as a free agent for the 2013–14 season. Hendricks was drafted out of high school, 131st overall, in the fourth round of the 2000 NHL Entry Draft by the Nashville Predators.\",\n \"Jordan Staal for the remainder of the season. Staal, along with fellow rookie Evgeni Malkin joined superstar Sidney Crosby, who had himself only entered his second NHL season, and goaltender Marc-André Fleury to form an effective young nucleus that revived the Penguins franchise. In January 2007, Staal participated in the NHL YoungStars Game during the All-Star festivities, along with teammates Ryan Whitney and Malkin. Shortly thereafter, on February 10, 2007, Staal scored his first NHL career hat trick against the Toronto Maple Leafs and set yet another NHL record by becoming the youngest player in league history to score a hat trick\",\n \"Keke Rosberg Championships of 1962 & 1968 and 1996 respectively. In his karting years, Rosberg had a white helmet with a blue stripe, then, in F1, Sid Mosca (who designed helmets for Brazilian drivers including Ayrton Senna, Rubens Barrichello and Emerson Fittipaldi) painted Rosberg's helmet white with a blue circle on the top and the stripe was divided in a big blue rectangle covering the visor area with some blue rectangles behind (similar to Didier Pironi's helmet design). In 1984, the rectangles were replaced by a yellow trapezium. His son Nico used a design that had similarities to Keke's helmet earlier in\",\n \"to help claim a silver medal. He returned for the following 2018 World U18 Championships in Russia, centering the top-line in recording 9 points in 7 tournament contests, helping Finland secure the gold medal over United States. He was also recognized as a top 3 on team Finland by the IIHF. Jesperi Kotkaniemi Jesperi Kotkaniemi (born 6 July 2000) is a Finnish professional ice hockey center currently playing for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted third overall by the Canadiens in the 2018 NHL Entry Draft. In October 2018, he became the first player\",\n \"Jordan Subban Jordan-Carmichael Subban (born March 3, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for the Toronto Marlies of the American Hockey League (AHL), while under contract to the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected by the Vancouver Canucks in the fourth round (115th overall) of the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. He is the youngest of the three Subban brothers to be drafted into the NHL, the other two being Malcolm Subban and P. K. Subban. Subban was signed by the Canucks to a three-year entry-level contract on May 14, 2015.\",\n \"Abdelkader proposed to his long time girlfriend Julie Leshkevich in November 2016 at the Joe Louis Arena. The couple married on July 21, 2017, and gave birth to their first child in September 2018. Justin Abdelkader Justin Abdelkader (; born February 25, 1987) is an American professional ice hockey left winger and alternate captain for the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL). Abdelkader played for the junior ice hockey Cedar Rapids RoughRiders of the United States Hockey League during his senior year of high school, scoring 27 goals and 52 points and helping the team win the\",\n \"Marcel Pronovost his shoulder and broke his nose 14 times. By age 32, he had required over 200 stitches to close various cuts and lacerations. Pronovost viewed the injuries as part of the game: \\\"My game is a contact sport. It's a game of men. I expected to get bounced and get my lumps. I also expected to play in every single game.\\\" 2012 marked Pronovost's 65th year in professional hockey, tying King Clancy for the longest such tenure by anyone in NHL history. His name has been inscribed on the Stanley Cup eight times; five as a player and three as\",\n \"Paul Mara Paul Richard Mara (born September 7, 1979 born in Ridgewood, New Jersey, and raised in Belmont, Massachusetts) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman who played 12 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected 7th overall by the Tampa Bay Lightning in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. His older brother, Rob Mara, was drafted by the Chicago Blackhawks in eleventh round of the 1994 NHL Entry Draft. Paul was the assistant coach of the 2018 Olympic United States women's national ice hockey team. In May 2018, he was named the head coach of the\",\n \"teamwork and gritty play making him a popular favorite among fans. He is often in front of the net, capitalizing on his 6'5\\\" frame to screen opposition goaltenders and deflect goals. Because of his size and ability, he typically plays a unit on the power play. At the 2012 NHL trade deadline, on February 27, Gaustad and a 2013 fourth-round draft pick were sent to the Nashville Predators in exchange for a 2012 first-round pick. On September 8, 2016, Gaustad announced his retirement from the NHL after 12 seasons via his Instagram account. Paul Gaustad Paul Michael Gaustad (born February\",\n \"Tim Hunter (ice hockey) Timothy Robert Hunter (born September 10, 1960) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player, and is the head coach of the Moose Jaw Warriors of the Western Hockey League (WHL), having previously served as an assistant coach in the National Hockey League (NHL), most recently for the Washington Capitals. Chosen in the 3rd round of the 1979 NHL Entry Draft (#54 overall) by the Atlanta Flames, Hunter went on to a 16-season playing career with the Calgary Flames, Quebec Nordiques, Vancouver Canucks, and San Jose Sharks. Hunter was on the Flames' 1989 Stanley Cup championship\",\n \"André Roy wife, Karine Labelle. They married on July 23, 2005 and have a daughter, Maelie. André Roy André Roy (born February 8, 1975) is an American-born Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). Roy was drafted by the Boston Bruins, 151st overall in the sixth round of the 1994 NHL Entry Draft and has also played for the Ottawa Senators, the Tampa Bay Lightning (where he won the Stanley Cup in 2004), the Pittsburgh Penguins and the Calgary Flames. During the 2006–07 season, Roy was placed on waivers by the Penguins and claimed by\",\n \"year-long contract on December 6, 2011. In his final professional season before retirement he finished the season as the IceCaps leader in penalty minutes and was awarded as the first ever winner of the fans choice award. Garth Murray Garth Robert Murray (born September 17, 1982) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Rangers, Montreal Canadiens, Florida Panthers and the Phoenix Coyotes. Before being drafted, Murray played hockey in the Western Hockey League, for the Regina Pats. He was never known as a scorer (peaking at 33\",\n \"Martin Brodeur NHL announced that it had revised its unsportsmanlike conduct rule, now known as The Sean Avery Rule, effectively outlawing such antics. Brodeur started wearing a new painted mask design for the 2008–09 NHL season with a stylized \\\"MB30\\\" on the front, replacing the \\\"J\\\" that had been on his mask for nearly his entire NHL career. During a game on November 1, 2008, Brodeur suffered a \\\"bruised elbow\\\" which would later be diagnosed as a torn distal biceps tendon, the first major injury in his career. Following surgery on November 6, he would miss 16 weeks of the season before\",\n \"Todd Bertuzzi–Steve Moore incident The Todd Bertuzzi–Steve Moore incident (also called the Steve Moore incident, the Todd Bertuzzi incident, and the Bertuzzi–Moore incident) was a highly controversial event in ice hockey that happened during a National Hockey League (NHL) game between the Vancouver Canucks and the Colorado Avalanche on March 8, 2004. In the first period, Steve Moore fought Vancouver player Matt Cooke and served a 5-minute major penalty for fighting. The Avalanche would go on to build up a large lead in a fight-filled game. Late in the third period, Todd Bertuzzi was sent onto the ice. After failing\",\n \"Chris Chelios Bibi Torriani who had played twenty years after his debut (1928 and 1948). Chelios re-signed with the Detroit Red Wings for the 2007–08 season. On January 8, 2008, Chelios became the second oldest player in the history of the NHL, at 45 years, 348 days, passing Moe Roberts. Only Gordie Howe, who played until age 52, was older. On April 12, 2008, Chelios played in his 248th playoff game, breaking the NHL record set by Hall of Fame goaltender Patrick Roy. Later that season, Chelios also became the oldest active player to win the Stanley Cup. Chelios signed another one-year\",\n \"he served as a backup goalie, and won a silver medal. Manny Legace Emmanuel Legace (born February 4, 1973) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender, who played most notably in the National Hockey League for the St. Louis Blues and Detroit Red Wings. Legace also enjoyed spells with the Los Angeles Kings, Carolina Hurricanes, and Iserlohn Roosters of the DEL. He finished his playing career for the Springfield Falcons of the American Hockey League, for whom he is the career leader in goaltending wins. Legace was born in Toronto, Ontario, but grew up in Alliston, Ontario. Prior to\",\n \"Brad Lauer Brad R. Lauer (born October 27, 1966) is a Canadian ice hockey coach and former professional ice hockey player. He is currently the head coach of the Edmonton Oil Kings of the Western Hockey League (WHL). Lauer previously served as the power play coach for the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL) in June 2015. Lauer was drafted 34th overall in the 1985 NHL Entry Draft by the New York Islanders and played in the NHL for the Islanders, Chicago Blackhawks, Ottawa Senators, and Pittsburgh Penguins. Born and raised in Humboldt, Saskatchewan, Lauer played three seasons\",\n \"Michael Ryder Michael Glen Wayne Ryder (born March 31, 1980) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He won the Stanley Cup in 2011 with the Boston Bruins. He has also played for the Montreal Canadiens, Dallas Stars, and New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League. Ryder played for the Hull Olympiques of the QMJHL. Ryder was drafted by the Montreal Canadiens in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft, 8th round, 216th overall. He hired hockey agent Thayne Campbell before signing with Montreal. On May 30, 2003, Ryder scored the winning goal to end the longest game in\",\n \"Jamie Baker (ice hockey) James Paul Baker (born August 31, 1966) is a Canadian former ice hockey player, having played for the Quebec Nordiques, Ottawa Senators, San Jose Sharks and Toronto Maple Leafs. He was a former radio personality for the San Jose Sharks, and has been their television color commentator since 2014. Baker was selected by the Quebec Nordiques in the 1988 NHL Supplemental Draft. Following an outstanding college career with the St. Lawrence University Skating Saints, Baker went on to play in parts of 10 NHL seasons. In 404 career games, he tallied 71 goals and 150 points.\",\n \"Al Arbour Alger Joseph Arbour (November 1, 1932 – August 28, 2015) was a Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and executive. He is third to Joel Quenneville for games coached in National Hockey League history and fourth all-time in wins, behind Scotty Bowman, Joel Quenneville and Ken Hitchcock. Under Arbour, the New York Islanders won four consecutive Stanley Cups from 1980 to 1983. Born in Sudbury, Ontario, Arbour played amateur hockey as a defenceman with the Windsor Spitfires of the Ontario Hockey League. He played his first professional games with the Detroit Red Wings in 1953. Claimed by the Chicago\",\n \"the QMJHL in Quebec city. Barnaby and his wife Veronique now live in Clarence Center, New York with his two children, son Matthew Jr and daughter Taylor. In June 2016, Barnaby was named an assistant coach of the Ontario Hockey League's Kitchener Rangers. He was released from the Kitchener Rangers October 3, 2017 Matthew Barnaby Matthew Barnaby (born May 4, 1973) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger. Barnaby played in the NHL for the Buffalo Sabres, Pittsburgh Penguins, Tampa Bay Lightning, New York Rangers, Colorado Avalanche, Chicago Blackhawks and the Dallas Stars. He was drafted by the\",\n \"Mike Gartner The record stood for 20 years until Dylan Larkin of the Detroit Red Wings broke it with a skating/running start 2016. In the 2017 All-Star Game, Connor McDavid of the Edmonton Oilers set a time of 13.310 beating Gartner (standing start) but not Larkin (running start). Gartner and his wife Colleen have two sons, Joshua and Dylan, and a daughter Natalie. They reside in Shanty Bay, Ontario. Gartner is a born-again Christian, and was introduced to the faith during his playing days by former Washington teammate Jean Pronovost. His son, Josh, played goalie for Yale University and right wing for\",\n \"Brendan Shanahan most prominent team titles in ice hockey, an Olympic gold medal, a World Championship and a Stanley Cup, Shanahan is a member of the elite Triple Gold Club. Shanahan was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame on November 8, 2013. Shanahan was drafted by the New Jersey Devils second overall in the 1987 NHL Entry Draft after Pierre Turgeon. Expectations for Shanahan were high after a stellar career with the London Knights of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), with whom his number 19 has been retired. In his rookie season with the Devils, in 1987–88, he scored 26 points\",\n \"Roger Crozier Roger Allan Crozier (March 16, 1942 – January 11, 1996) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played fourteen seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Detroit Red Wings, Buffalo Sabres and Washington Capitals. During his career, Crozier was named to the NHL First All-Star Team once, was a Calder Memorial Trophy winner, and was the first player to win the Conn Smythe Trophy while playing for the losing team in the Stanley Cup Finals. He was the last goaltender in the NHL to start all of his team's games in the regular season, in\",\n \"in the NHL from 1971 to 1979. Peanuts O'Flaherty John Benedict \\\"Peanuts\\\" O'Flaherty (April 10, 1918 – July 16, 2008) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 21 games in the National Hockey League with the New York Americans. He was born in Toronto, Ontario. Peanuts received his nickname when a Toronto sports writer spotted him selling peanuts at Maple Leaf Gardens in 1933. In 21 career NHL games O'Flaherty recorded 5 goals and an assist for 6 points. Yet, he was best known as a star forward for the AHL's Pittsburgh Hornets in the 1940s. His son,\",\n \"Chico Resch from the Devils Ice\\\". Resch is one of the supporters and coaches for Hockey Ministries International in the off-season, where he teaches young boys and girls hockey and ethic skills at Christian Hockey Camps. Resch was given the nickname \\\"Chico\\\" by the Islanders' teammate Doug Rombough, after the character portrayed by Freddie Prinze on the 1970s sit-com \\\"Chico and the Man\\\". Chants of \\\"Let's go, Chico!\\\" rang out at every Devils' game when he played. In the early 2000s, the same nickname was given to the Phoenix Coyotes' goaltender Robert Esche, whose sticks were labeled 'R.ESCHE', which resembled \\\"RESCH\\\". Resch\",\n \"Teiji Honma Montreal Maroons of the National Hockey League, used a leather mask to protect his broken nose. He quickly discarded it, as the nosepiece obstructed his vision. In contrast, Jacques Plante invented and started regularly using the first practical goaltender mask in 1959, while the last North American professional goaltender not to regularly wear a mask was Andy Brown, who played his last game maskless in 1974 (he retired in 1977). His mask was similar to what a baseball catcher wore. It was made of leather, and had a wire cage to protect the face. Honma wore glasses when in nets,\",\n \"them being game-winning goals. Pouliot further extended this with a sixth game-winning goal against the Colorado Avalanche on November 2, 2018. On June 26, the Canucks re-signed Pouliot to a one-year $1.1M contract. Derrick Pouliot Derrick Pouliot (born January 16, 1994) is a Canadian ice hockey defenceman for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). Pouliot was selected eighth overall in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft by the Pittsburgh Penguins and signed an entry-level contract with them the following September. Pouliot made his appearance at the midget level for the Moose Jaw Warriors Midget AAA of the SMAAAHL\",\n \"Craig Berube Craig \\\"Chief\\\" Berube (born December 17, 1965) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach and former player. He is the interim head coach for the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL). Berube played 17 seasons in the NHL for the Philadelphia Flyers, Toronto Maple Leafs, Calgary Flames, Washington Capitals and New York Islanders. Also, Berube was a national team scout hired by Doug Armstrong for team Canada's 2016 World Cup of hockey team. Berube played 1054 NHL regular season games between 1986 and 2003. He was known as an enforcer in the NHL and amassed\",\n \"Mike Barnett (ice hockey) \\\"no!\\\" in the famous Bo Jackson Nike commercial. Barnett and Gretzky worked with Nike from the early 1980s to his last game in the National Hockey League. With Gretzky, Nike broke into the hockey business and created their own line of equipment that sold worldwide. The last pair of skates that Gretzky wore in his final game as a Ranger were the latest Nike model. In late 1996, Barnett reached for the sky with Campbell Soup Company, who had begun aggressively marketing their Chunky Soup brand in sports. In October 1996, Gretzky became the first person ever to appear on\",\n \"Marc Bergevin be named to the gold medal-winning Canadian national team for the 1994 World Championships. After three years with the Lightning, he played for the Detroit Red Wings, St. Louis Blues, Pittsburgh Penguins and the Vancouver Canucks, and was known for his practical jokes in the locker room. Bergevin served as an alternate captain during part of his time with the Lightning and Blues. Bergevin retired after the 2003–04 NHL season, and despite two stints in the minors and serious injuries in his final years, was in the top 100 in NHL history at the time of his retirement in games\",\n \"Alexander Radulov Alexander Valerievich Radulov (; born 5 July 1986) is a Russian professional ice hockey player, currently an alternate captain for the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League (NHL). He had previously had two separate stints with the Nashville Predators, the NHL team which had drafted him, as well one season with the Montreal Canadiens and 8 seasons in the Kontinental Hockey League, split evenly between Salavat Yulaev Ufa and CSKA Moscow. He is a two-time World Champion (2008 and 2009) with the Russian National Hockey Team; a 2011 Gagarin Cup champion with Salavat Yulaev Ufa; and a\",\n \"Curt Fraser Curtis Martin Fraser (born January 12, 1958) is a former ice hockey player of dual American and Canadian citizenship. He currently serves as assistant coach of the National Hockey League's Dallas Stars. Fraser was born in Cincinnati while his father played for the International Hockey League's Cincinnati Mohawks. He was raised in Winnipeg and Vancouver. Fraser was diagnosed with diabetes in 1983 and is active in fundraising and awareness efforts for the disease. Fraser played junior hockey with the Victoria Cougars of the Western Hockey League, where he set franchise records for goals, assists, points, and penalty minutes.\",\n \"Todd Marchant Todd Michael Marchant (born August 12, 1973) is a retired American professional ice hockey player who played 17 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played nine seasons with the Edmonton Oilers and almost six seasons with the Anaheim Ducks, along with just over a season with the Columbus Blue Jackets and a game with the New York Rangers. He also played 49 games in the American Hockey League (AHL) between his time with the Binghamton Rangers and Cape Breton Oilers. Marchant played high school hockey at Williamsville East High School. He then played two years in\",\n \"History of the National Hockey League (1942–1967) points. Willie O'Ree broke the NHL's colour barrier when he dressed for the Bruins in 1958. The NHL continued to develop throughout the era. In 1943, in an attempt to 'open up' the game, the league introduced the centre-ice red line allowing players for the first time to pass out of their defensive zone. In 1959, Jacques Plante became the first goaltender to regularly wear a face mask for protection. Off the ice, the business of hockey was changing as well. The first amateur draft was held in 1963 as part of efforts to balance talent distribution within the league.\",\n \"Brassard with former New York Rangers teammate and close friend Carl Hagelin. Derick Brassard Derick Brassard (born September 22, 1987) is a Canadian ice hockey player who currently plays as a centre for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has previously played for the Columbus Blue Jackets, the New York Rangers, and the Ottawa Senators. The Columbus Blue Jackets drafted him in the first round, sixth overall, in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft. Brassard played youth hockey with the Gatineau L'Intrépide, where he captained his midget team. He was selected in the second round, 18th overall,\",\n \"Dominik Hašek Stanley Cup. In the process, he set a record for shutouts in a postseason year. Hašek was considered an unorthodox goaltender, with a distinct style that labeled him a \\\"flopper\\\". He was best known for his concentration, foot speed, flexibility, and unconventional saves, such as covering the puck with his blocker rather than his trapper. Hašek holds the highest career save percentage of all time (0.9223) and is seventh in goals against average (first in the modern era) (2.202), and the third-highest single-season save percentage (0.9366 in 1998–99). The record was broken by Tim Thomas in the 2010–11 season and\",\n \"Jimmy Mann (ice hockey) James Edward Mann (born April 17, 1959) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who played 293 games in the National Hockey League. He played for the Winnipeg Jets, Quebec Nordiques and the Pittsburgh Penguins. He makes regular appearances with a program for charity, called Oldtimers Hockey Challenge. Born in Montreal, Quebec, Mann was selected by the Winnipeg Jets in the first round of the 1979 NHL Entry Draft, this pick was the first pick in franchise history. Mann made a reputation for himself as a brawler collecting 287 penalty minutes during his first NHL\",\n \"George McPhee perceived to be dirty play by the Chicago Blackhawks, punched then Blackhawks head coach Lorne Molleken outside the Chicago locker room after their teams' exhibition game. Molleken sustained injuries to his head and in response Blackhawks players and team aides jumped McPhee, leaving him with a torn suit. On October 1, 1999, NHL commissioner Gary Bettman suspended McPhee for one month without pay and fined him $20,000. Throughout the 2003–04 season, McPhee and Capitals owner Ted Leonsis decided to dump salary and begin a youth movement. In a fire sale, the Capitals traded Sergei Gonchar, Jaromír Jágr, Peter Bondra, Michael\",\n \"Georges Laraque Georges Edy Laraque (; born December 7, 1976) is a Canadian sports commentator, politician, and former ice hockey player. Laraque previously retired from hockey on August 10, 2010, after the Montreal Canadiens bought out his contract. He is a commentator for TVA Sports and most recently executive director of the fledgling Canadian Hockey League Players' Association. During his 14-year National Hockey League (NHL) career, he played for the Edmonton Oilers, Phoenix Coyotes, Pittsburgh Penguins, and Montreal Canadiens. From 2010 to 2013, he was one of two deputy leaders of the Green Party of Canada. Laraque entered the Quebec\",\n \"due to injury. During the 2004–05 NHL lockout, Zhamnov spent time playing in his homeland. Alexei Zhamnov Alexei Yuryevich \\\"Alex\\\" Zhamnov (; born October 1, 1970) is a Russian former professional ice hockey centre who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Winnipeg Jets, Chicago Blackhawks, Philadelphia Flyers and Boston Bruins. He is the general manager of HC Spartak Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He previously served as general manager of Vityaz Chekhov and Atlant Moscow Oblast. Zhamnov has been a part of three Olympic games, winning gold, silver, and bronze medals with the Unified Team\",\n \"Mike Rupp Michael Ryan Rupp (born January 13, 1980) is an American retired professional ice hockey centre. He has previously played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New Jersey Devils, Phoenix Coyotes, Columbus Blue Jackets, Pittsburgh Penguins, New York Rangers and Minnesota Wild. Rupp scored the Stanley Cup-clinching goal — and first Stanley Cup playoff goal of his career — in the 2003 Stanley Cup Finals, which gave the Devils franchise its third Cup championship. Rupp currently serves as an analyst on NHL Network and AT&T SportsNet Pittsburgh. Rupp played high school hockey at St. Edward High School\",\n \"Raffi Torres them where they reached the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals. Torres then signed with the Phoenix Coyotes and then with the San Jose Sharks. Internationally, he represented Canada at the 2001 World Junior Championships, winning a bronze medal. Torres, a physical, forechecking forward with offensive capabilities, was suspended five times for illegal hits to opponents' heads. He received the fourth-longest suspension in the history of the NHL at the time for his hit to the head of Marian Hossa in Game 3 of the 2012 Western Conference Quarterfinals. In October 2015, Torres received a 41-game (half-season) suspension for an illegal hit\",\n \"married his fiancé Alena and on 19 August 2015, she gave birth to a son. In 2017, they had their second son, Danil. Alexander Semin Alexander Valeryevich Semin (, ; born 3 March 1984) is a Russian professional ice hockey winger currently signed to HC Vityaz of the Kontinental Hockey League, the highest league in Russia. He has previously played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Washington Capitals, Carolina Hurricanes and Montreal Canadiens. Semin was trained in the Traktor Chelyabinsk hockey school and made his professional debut in Russia's second-tier Russian Major League in 2001–02. After scoring 13\",\n \"Hat-trick hat to players to mark the accomplishment. Thus, by 1944 the term \\\"hat trick\\\" was common enough to be termed \\\"traditional.\\\" Given how frequently the words \\\"hat trick\\\" were used in sports reporting on cricket and association football in the early 20th century, the term was probably routinely used in hockey by the early 1930s. Wayne Gretzky holds the NHL record for the most hat tricks in a career with 50. Harry Hyland scored the league's first hat trick, in the league's very first game on 19 December 1917, in which Hyland's Montreal Wanderers defeated the Toronto Arenas 10–9. A\",\n \"Mexico where he owned a ranch and drove a school bus. He also worked as an actor; in 1989, he played an outlaw on the television mini-series \\\"Lonesome Dove\\\", in 1990 he portrayed Poe Possey in the movie \\\"Young Guns II\\\", and in 1997 he appeared with Tom Selleck in the 1997 television film \\\"Last Stand at Saber River\\\". Howie Young Howard John Edward \\\"Cowboy\\\" Young (August 2, 1937 – November 24, 1999) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and actor, best known for his time in the National Hockey League with the Detroit Red Wings in the 1960s.\",\n \"Brendan Shanahan 1998, 2002). In 2017 Shanahan was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history. With his physical play and goal scoring ability, Shanahan scored 656 goals in his NHL career spanning over 1,500 NHL games and, at the time of his retirement, was the leader among active NHL players for goals scored. Shanahan is the only player in NHL history with over 600 goals and 2,000 penalty minutes. Competing for Canada internationally, Shanahan won a gold medal at the 1994 World Championships, 2002 Winter Olympics, and a 1991 Canada Cup championship. Having won what are considered the three\",\n \"Raffi Torres on October 5, Torres was suspended a record 41 games by the league, half of the regular season. Torres forfeited $440,860.29 in salary, which was deposited into the Players' Emergency Assistance Fund. While the record for longest suspension is held by Billy Coutu, who was suspended for life in 1927, Torres holds the distinction of the longest non-lifetime ban, which was previously held by Chris Simon for an incident in 2007. This is also the longest-ever NHL suspension for a hit on another player. Torres did not appeal the suspension and apologized to Silfverberg. Sharks general manager Doug Wilson supported\",\n \"Daniel Cleary to the Pittsburgh Penguins in seven games in a rematch of the previous Stanley Cup final. In 2009, Cleary founded the Danny Cleary Hockey School in his native province of Newfoundland. The hockey school achieved notoriety after Henrik Zetterberg appeared wearing a hat donning the Danny Cleary Hockey School logo. The hat is available for purchase for $40 USD, to which Scott Parsons replied, \\\"I wouldn't pay 40 bucks for the hockey school, much less the hat.\\\" On September 12, 2013, the Detroit Red Wings re-signed Cleary to a one-year, $1.75 million contract. On July 10, 2014, the Detroit Red\",\n \"Jaromír Jágr record of 19 years, which was established by Gary Roberts in 2008; coincidentally, both instances involved someone with the Penguins at one end of those streaks. Also coincidental was that, as in his previous Stanley Cup appearance, Jágr's opponents were the Chicago Blackhawks. After the Bruins lost the Finals to Chicago, the team announced on 26 June 2013, that they had no intention of re-signing Jágr. On 22 July 2013, Jágr agreed to a one-year deal with the New Jersey Devils. The deal included $2 million guaranteed and another $2 million incentive if Jágr were to play at least 40\",\n \"Vancouver Millionaires and Ottawa Senators, and long-time Coach and General Manager of the Detroit Red Wings. It was first awarded at the conclusion of the regular season. Jacques Demers is the only coach to win the award in consecutive seasons. Five coaches have won the award with two teams: Jacques Lemaire, Pat Quinn, Scotty Bowman, and John Tortorella have won the award twice, while Pat Burns is the only coach to win three times. The franchises with the most Jack Adams Award winners are the Philadelphia Flyers, Detroit Red Wings and Phoenix Coyotes with four winners each, although the Coyotes\",\n \"Colorado Avalanche in the last regular season meeting between the Avalanche and the Red Wings on March 26, 1997, a brawl known as the Brawl in Hockeytown broke out. The game ended with nine fights, 11 goals, 39 penalties, 148 penalty minutes, one hat-trick (by Valeri Kamensky) and a goaltender fight between Stanley Cup champion Patrick Roy and Mike Vernon. Claude Lemieux was one of the players singled out by the Red Wings players. The Red Wings ended up winning the game in overtime 6–5. The teams met again in the Western Conference Finals that season, with the Red Wings emerging victorious\",\n \"1959–60 NHL season by riding a Hart Memorial Trophy performance by their ageless star right-winger, Gordie Howe. The season was marked by important changes in the NHL, as Canadiens goaltender Jacques Plante, like Clint Benedict before him, began to wear a mask in hockey games. Plante, who had asthma-related problems throughout his career, first began wearing a mask in practice shortly after a sinus operation in 1957. On November 1, 1959, Plante's nose was broken by a shot from New York Rangers right-winger Andy Bathgate. After being stitched up, Plante insisted on wearing a mask for the remainder of the game. Montreal coach\",\n \"Sergei Starikov Sergei Viktorovich Starikov () (born December 4, 1958 in Chelyabinsk, Soviet Union) is a Russian ice hockey coach, who competed as defenseman for the Soviet national team. Sergei Starikov won 9 national titles in the Soviet Union. Participating in 3 Olympic Tournaments, Sergei won 2 Gold and 1 Silver medal. He would appear on the cover of Sports Illustrated, becoming one of the first Soviet players to wear an NHL uniform when he joined the New Jersey Devils in 1989 along with his friend and defensive partner from the Soviet team, Viacheslav Fetisov. He lives in New Jersey\",\n \"Joey Moss Joseph Neil \\\"Joey\\\" Moss (born September 25, 1963) is the locker room attendant for the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League and the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League. Born with Down syndrome, Moss caught the eye of Oilers centre Wayne Gretzky in 1985, when Gretzky was dating Moss' sister, Vikki. Impressed with the dedication Moss brought to a job at an Edmonton bottle depot, Gretzky suggested to team general manager Glen Sather that the young man be given a tryout. As the summer of 1986 came around, Gretzky was worried that Joey would lose everything\",\n \"Quebec Nordiques Minnesota Fighting Saints to reach the finals, where they were swept in four games by the Gordie Howe-led Houston Aeros. The next season saw the squad become a high-flying offensive juggernaut, becoming the only team in major professional history to have five players break 100 points (Tardif, Cloutier, Chris Bordeleau, Bernier and Houle), a mark which still stands as of 2017. The season ended in disappointment as the Nordiques lost to the Calgary Cowboys in the first round of the playoffs, after losing Marc Tardif to injury after a controversial hit by the Cowboys' Rick Jodzio. Despite injuries to Tardif\",\n \"the award. Anderson Jose Theodore and Al Rollins are the only winners of the Hart Trophy who have not been selected to the Hockey Hall of Fame. Tommy Anderson (ice hockey) Thomas Linton \\\"Tom, Cowboy\\\" Anderson (July 9, 1911 – September 15, 1971) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played 8 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Detroit Red Wings and the New York/Brooklyn Americans. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland and raised in Drumheller, Alberta and spent his final years in Sylvan Lake, Alberta. He was one of three children of Alexander Robert Thomas Anderson\",\n \"Patrick Marleau Patrick Denis Marleau (born September 15, 1979) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward and an alternate captain for the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL). He previously played for the San Jose Sharks from 1997 to 2017, and served as captain from 2004 to 2009. Marleau is the all-time Sharks leader in goals, even strength goals, power play goals, points, shots and games played having spent nearly his entire NHL career with the Sharks since being drafted second overall by the franchise in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. He played his 1,600th NHL game\",\n \"was announced to have accepted a position as a professional scout for the New York Rangers. Eminger is married to Lindsay Eminger. Steve Eminger Steve Eminger (born October 31, 1983) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). Eminger, who is also known for his physical play, started his hockey career with the Kitchener Rangers of the Ontario Hockey League in 1999. He was drafted in the first round, 12th overall by the Washington Capitals at the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. He made his NHL debut the next season, but after 17\",\n \"1979–80 NHL season qualified for the playoffs, but both teams were swept 3 games to 0 in their respective first-round playoff series. In August 1979, John Ziegler, the NHL president, announced that protective helmets will be mandatory for all NHL players. \\\"The introduction of the helmet rule will be an additional safety factor\\\", he said. The only exception will be for players who signed their pro contracts prior to June 1, 1979. Those players under the exception who chose not to wear a helmet also had to sign a waiver form. At the time of the rule change, about 70% of NHLers were\",\n \"most of the season after Keith Primeau suffered a near career-ending injury.\\\" Derian Hatcher Derian John Hatcher (born June 4, 1972) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman who played 16 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Minnesota North Stars, Dallas Stars, Detroit Red Wings and Philadelphia Flyers. He currently serves as the head coach of the Sarnia Sting of the Ontario Hockey League. He is the younger brother of former NHL player Kevin Hatcher, with whom he was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame on October 21, 2010. In 2015 Hatcher and\",\n \"to re-sign Jokipakka, making him an unrestricted free agent. On 5 September 2017, the Washington Capitals signed Jokipakka to a professional try-out (PTO), where he would attend the team's training camp. Jokipakka signed a one-year deal with the HC Sochi Leopards of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) in October 2017. He re-signed with Sochi for a second season in 2018. Jyrki Jokipakka Jyrki Jokipakka ( , born 20 August 1991) is a Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for HC Sochi of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He was selected by the Dallas Stars in the seventh round\",\n \"Joakim Ryan Joakim Ryan (born June 17, 1993) is an American-born Swedish professional ice hockey defenseman. He is currently playing for the San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected by the Sharks in the seventh round (198th overall) of the 2012 NHL Entry Draft. Raised in Rumson, New Jersey, Ryan played high school hockey at Christian Brothers Academy in Lincroft, New Jersey. Ryan played collegiate hockey for the NCAA Division I Cornell Big Red men's ice hockey team which competes in the ECAC Hockey conference. In his junior year, Ryan's outstanding play was rewarded with\",\n \"Kris Letang Kristopher Allen Letang (born April 24, 1987) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman and alternate captain for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL). He played juniors in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) for three seasons, during which time he was selected 62nd overall by the Penguins in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft. In his second full NHL season, Letang won the Stanley Cup with Pittsburgh, he became a two-time Stanley Cup champion when the Penguins defeated the San Jose Sharks in 2016, and a three-time Stanley Cup champion when the Penguins defeated\",\n \"After leaving the KHL in off-season, Quint opted to continue his veteran career in agreeing to return to Germany, signing a one-year deal with reigning champions, EHC München on June 9, 2016. Deron Quint Deron Timothy Quint (born March 12, 1976) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman. His playing experience included spending time in the National Hockey League with the Winnipeg Jets, Phoenix Coyotes, New Jersey Devils, Columbus Blue Jackets, Chicago Blackhawks and New York Islanders. He was the last active player to have played for the original Winnipeg Jets team. Quint was drafted 30th overall by Winnipeg\",\n \"Ice hockey goaltending equipment advance in mask design came during the 1974-75 season, when goaltending great Tony Esposito, who had experienced puck and stick injuries to his eyes, fitted a steel cage over the eyeholes of his molded mask and crafted a fiberglass extension to protect the top of his head, thereby setting the groundwork for the next step in mask evolution, the modern goaltender mask, commonly referred to as the \\\"hybrid\\\" mask. Today, most goaltenders utilize hybrid masks made of fiberglass, kevlar, carbon fiber, and other composite materials. Modern masks have a large cutout in the eye and nose area covered by a\",\n \"Teuvo Teräväinen Teuvo Teräväinen Teuvo Henri Matias Teräväinen (born 11 September 1994) is a Finnish professional ice hockey winger currently playing for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected in the first round, 18th overall, of the 2012 NHL Entry Draft by the Chicago Blackhawks after playing several seasons with the Jokerit organization in Finland. Also being drafted by the KHL's Lokomotiv Yaroslavl in the 2011 KHL Junior Draft, he is known for his offensive abilities and play-making skills. In 2015, Teräväinen won a Stanley Cup as a member of the Blackhawks. A product of Jokerit's youth\",\n \"History of the National Hockey League (1992–present) The Minnesota Wild and Columbus Blue Jackets then began play in 2000. On April 16, 1999, Wayne Gretzky played his final NHL game, retiring as the league's all-time scoring leader and holding 61 NHL records. His number, 99, was retired league-wide the following season. The usual three-year waiting period between a player's retirement and his induction into the Hockey Hall of Fame was waived, and he was inducted in 1999. For marketing reasons, the NHL agreed to participate in the Winter Olympics starting in 1998. NHL players first competed at the Nagano Games. Led by goaltender Dominik Hašek, the tournament\",\n \"Canuck as their logo. When the Canucks moved to the National Hockey League in 1970, they discontinued the Johnny Canuck logo in favour of the \\\"Stick-in-Rink\\\" logo. In 2006, a vintage-inspired goaltender mask worn by Canucks goaltender Roberto Luongo once again featured Johnny Canuck. In the 2007 off-season, it was announced that the Canucks were designing a new uniform and it was speculated among fans and media that Johnny Canuck would officially return as a logo in some capacity. Although the character was ultimately not included, the following season, in 2007–08, Luongo's new mask once again featured Johnny Canuck, but\",\n \"would be donating his brain to concussion research, becoming the first active NHL player to do so. Ben Lovejoy Benjamin N. \\\"The Reverend\\\" Lovejoy (born February 20, 1984) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman for the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Pittsburgh Penguins and the Anaheim Ducks. His nickname \\\"The Reverend\\\" comes from The Simpsons character Reverend Lovejoy. Lovejoy played hockey at Cardigan Mountain School in Canaan, New Hampshire and then at Deerfield Academy in Deerfield, Massachusetts. The two programs have turned out numerous NCAA Division 1 standout players\",\n \"to hold. Along with Mike Commodore, he played a role in Paul Brandt's music video, \\\"Convoy\\\", as a truck driver. Rhett Warrener Rhett Adam Warrener (born January 27, 1976) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played over 700 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Florida Panthers, Buffalo Sabres and Calgary Flames between 1995 and 2008. He was a member of the Canadian national junior team that won a gold medal at the 1996 World Junior Championship. Warrener retired in 2009 after missing a full season due to a shoulder injury. He briefly remained with\",\n \"few times that a venue this large has sold products from competing soft drink companies. As with most other NHL arenas, the Penguins make use of a goal horn whenever the team scores a goal at home. It is also played just before the beginning of a home game, and after the Penguins win. Their current goal horn, made by Nathan Manufacturing, Inc. and introduced in 2005 to coincide with the arrival of Sidney Crosby to the team, was brought over from the Civic Arena to the PPG Paints Arena after the Penguins closed the Civic Arena. Team owner Mario\",\n \"Paul Ranheim Paul Stephen Ranheim (born January 25, 1966 in St. Louis, Missouri and raised in Edina, Minnesota) is an American former professional ice hockey forward who played 15 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Calgary Flames, Hartford Whalers, Carolina Hurricanes, Philadelphia Flyers and Phoenix Coyotes. He was a second round selection, 38th overall, at the 1984 NHL Entry Draft and played 1,013 games between 1988 and 2003. Internationally, he played with Team USA; He played in three World Championships and was a member of the bronze-medal winning squad at the 1986 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.\",\n \"Jaromír Jágr distributing money. \\\"We all know what would happen if the young did not practice any sport. If children practice some sport, they do not have time for other things such as alcohol.\\\" Jágr is an Orthodox Christian; he was baptized in 2001 by Prague's metropolitan. He began to speak more publicly about his faith during his three-year stint in Russia (a historically Orthodox nation). Jágr's longevity in the NHL has spawned a fan club known as \\\"The Traveling Jagrs\\\", a group of hockey fans from the Alberta cities of Calgary and Camrose who share interest in the player. The group\",\n \"Mikhail Sergachev Mikhail Sergachyov (Russian: Михаил Сергачeв; born 25 June 1998) is a Russian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall by the Montreal Canadiens in the 2016 NHL Entry Draft. Sergachev was the third player in NHL history to wear sweater #98 in a regular season game, behind both Brian Lawton and Jesse Puljujärvi. Sergachev began his junior career in Russia, where he played for Irbis Kazan of the MHL. Sergachev was drafted sixth overall in the CHL Import Draft, selected by the Windsor\",\n \"jerseys. Ducks team owner Henry Samueli brought up that Selanne's jersey retirement banner “looked lonely in the rafters” and told Kariya “they may have to do something about that in the future”. The Anaheim Ducks retired his number on October 21, 2018 at a ceremony attended by Selanne and Scott Niedermayer. https://www.ocregister.com/2017/11/19/hhof-inductees-paul-kariya-teemu-selanne-enjoy-spotlight-once-more-at-honda-center-2/ Paul Kariya Paul Tetsuhiko Kariya (born October 16, 1974) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey winger who played 15 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). Known as a skilled and fast-skating offensive player, he played in the NHL for the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, Colorado Avalanche,\",\n \"Patrick Roy Patrick Jacques Roy (; born October 5, 1965) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender and the former head coach and vice-president of hockey operations for the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League (NHL). He is currently the general manager and head coach of the Quebec Remparts of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). He is regarded as one of the greatest goaltenders of all time. In 2017 Roy was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history. Nicknamed \\\"Saint Patrick,\\\" Roy split his playing career in the NHL between the Montreal Canadiens,\",\n \"Jussi Jokinen for Michael Cammalleri. Jokinen recorded 1 goal and 4 assists in 18 games for the club. On January 16, 2018, Jokinen was placed on waivers by the Kings, and was then claimed off waivers by the Columbus Blue Jackets on January 17. On February 26, 2018, Jokinen and Tyler Motte were traded to the Vancouver Canucks in exchange for Thomas Vanek. As a result of this trade, Jokinen became the fourth player in NHL history, behind Dennis O'Brien, Dave McLlwain and Mark Arcobello to play for four different NHL teams in a single season. Jokinen has played for the Finnish\",\n \"Jay Beagle Jay Beagle (born October 16, 1985) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who currently plays for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). As an undrafted free agent, he originally played with the Washington Capitals. When the Capitals won the 2018 Stanley Cup, he became the first player to win the Kelly Cup (ECHL), Calder Cup (AHL), and the Stanley Cup (NHL). Beagle played for the Calgary Royals of the AJHL in 2003–04 and 2004–05. He then played for the University of Alaska Anchorage in 2005–06 and 2006–07. Beagle played for the Idaho Steelheads of\",\n \"Ulf Samuelsson Ulf Bo Samuelsson (born March 26, 1964) is a retired Swedish-American professional ice hockey defenceman. He played several seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Hartford Whalers, Pittsburgh Penguins, New York Rangers, Detroit Red Wings, and Philadelphia Flyers. He is a two-time Stanley Cup champion, as a member of the Penguins in 1991 and 1992. Samuelsson earned the reputation as being one of the dirtiest and most vicious players in the history of the NHL, a rough-and-ready belligerent who excelled at hurting and antagonizing opponents, with doctoral levels of precision at targeting the most vulnerable body\",\n \"J. T. Compher Joseph Taylor Compher (born April 8, 1995) is an American professional ice hockey player, who is currently playing with the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League (NHL). He previously played college ice hockey and was captain for the Michigan Wolverines of the Big Ten Conference. Compher was originally drafted 35th overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. Compher trained with the USA Hockey National Team Development Program team from 2011 to 2013. During his rookie season, Compher lead the team, and all Big Ten freshman in scoring, recording 11 goals and 20\",\n \"John Ziegler Jr. Washington where he finished his career playing four seasons. Ziegler, along with Alan Eagleson, announced on August 6, 1979 that protective helmets would become mandatory in the NHL. The new rule had a grandfather clause that granted players who had signed pro contracts prior to June 1, 1979 the option of wearing helmets or not. Those who chose not to wear one signed liability waivers. Ziegler was the NHL's first American chief executive, and the American teams were far less hostile to the idea of a merger with the World Hockey Association than their Canadian counterparts. There were a number\",\n \"Mark Messier Mark Douglas Messier (; born January 18, 1961) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey center of the National Hockey League and former special assistant to the president and general manager of the New York Rangers. He played a quarter of a century in the NHL (1979–2004) with the Edmonton Oilers, New York Rangers, and Vancouver Canucks. He also played professionally with the World Hockey Association (WHA)'s Indianapolis Racers and Cincinnati Stingers. He was the last former WHA player to be active in professional hockey, and the last active player who had played in the NHL in the\",\n \"Peter Forsberg, Phil Housley, Teemu Selänne, Daniel Sedin and his brother Henrik Sedin. Reebok has phased out the use of the Jofa brand on its hockey equipment, in favour of its core CCM and Rbk brands. The Rbk brand has subsequently been changed to Reebok Hockey. Despite not producing hockey equipment since the 2004 Reebok buyout, Teemu Selänne was the only player in the NHL that continued to wear a Jofa helmet: a Jofa 366 with the Jofa logo blacked-out due to an expired licensing agreement with the NHL. Subsequent to Selänne's retirement after the Ducks' elimination in the 2014\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":1013,"string":"1,013"}}},{"rowIdx":95,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who presided over the trial of magdalena markac in zagreb"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["Mladen Markač a three-to-two majority opinion, the appeals panel rendered a not guilty verdict on 16 November 2012. The presiding judge was Theodor Meron, who proclaimed the verdict. The previous verdict sentenced him to 18 years in prison, while Ante Gotovina was sentenced to 24 years. Both were accused of being part of the \"criminal enterprise\", but Meron concluded that \"there was no such conspiracy\". The night before, candle-lit vigils were held across Croatia, including at Roman Catholic churches, while several thousand people were expected to watch a live 9:00 broadcast on a giant screen in Zagreb's Ban Jelačić Square. A leader"],"string":"[\n \"Mladen Markač a three-to-two majority opinion, the appeals panel rendered a not guilty verdict on 16 November 2012. The presiding judge was Theodor Meron, who proclaimed the verdict. The previous verdict sentenced him to 18 years in prison, while Ante Gotovina was sentenced to 24 years. Both were accused of being part of the \\\"criminal enterprise\\\", but Meron concluded that \\\"there was no such conspiracy\\\". The night before, candle-lit vigils were held across Croatia, including at Roman Catholic churches, while several thousand people were expected to watch a live 9:00 broadcast on a giant screen in Zagreb's Ban Jelačić Square. A leader\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["Lady in the Lake trial original trial, it is hoped the conviction will be quashed and a retrial ordered... Upon his conviction, Mr Park's family and friends launched a campaign to clear his name, claiming there was no single piece of evidence that pointed indisputably to him. Representing Park in the appeal was solicitor Rob Rode and Simon Bourne-Arton QC. They did not initially reveal what the new evidence was, only that it \"was not available at the original trial\" and that it was \"very strong and significant\". Cumbria Constabulary released a statement saying: Detectives from Cumbria Constabulary carried out a full and thorough investigation","did not have power to alter the law, but in practice the Edict altered the rights and duties of individuals and was effectively a legislative document. In the reign of Hadrian, however, the terms of the Edict were made permanent and the Praetor's \"de facto\" legislative role was abolished. The Praetors also presided at the \"quaestiones perpetuae\" (which were criminal proceedings), so-called because they were of certain types, with a Praetor being assigned to one type on a permanent basis. The Praetors appointed judges who acted as jurors in voting for guilt or innocence. The verdict was either acquittal or","Dora Trial forced labor on the late internment engineer Albin Sawatzki, who had died in American detention in 1945. Furthermore, he pointed to his cooperation with the U.S. Air Force (USAF) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. In closing arguments, prosecutor Berman argued for the death penalty for all defendants, because if a consistent interpretation of \"Common Design\" were applied then they were all mass murderers. The defense did well in their closing arguments. They insisted on the non-application of \"Common Design\" and asked the court to consider only those crimes that could be individually proven. Poullada appealed that the military court use","Martha Needle being served a cup of tea, Herman literally \"blew the whistle\", summoning detectives who arrived as Martha was struggling with Herman to upset the tea cup, which was found to contain enough arsenic to kill five people. Martha was charged with attempted murder. The body of Louis Juncken, interred in Lyndoch, South Australia was exhumed and samples sent to Melbourne. The bodies of Henry Needle and the three girls, interred in Kew, were also exhumed. All five bodies were found to contain fatal levels of arsenic and Martha was charged with the murder of Louis Juncken. The trial lasted three","Capitol Square Review & Advisory Board v. Pinette would violate the Establishment Clause,\" on the same day that they approved the display of a menorah on the square. Pinette and the other Klansmen appealed this decision. Justice Antonin Scalia delivered the majority opinion of the court on June 22, 1995. He was joined by Justice Anthony Kennedy, Justice Stephen Breyer, and Chief Justice William Rehnquist. The court held that: Traditionally, the square had been recognized as a public forum by the general population and because the display of religion was purely private it could not violate the Establishment Clause. The Advisory Board was still responsible for the content","John Michael D'Cunha John Michael D'Cunha was elevated as a Permanent Judge in the Karnataka High Court on 01.11.2018. He was appointed as an Additional Judge of the Karnataka High Court on 14.11.2016. On 27 September 2014 he convicted Jayalalithaa, then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, in her 18-year-old Disproportionate Asset case. He was appointed by the Supreme Court of India to the post in October 2013 as the fifth judge to investigate the case, replacing judge MS Balakrishna. D'Cunha was born in Gurpur, Kaikamba, from Mangalore. He studied at SDM Law College in Mangalore, where he also played volleyball.","Imperia (statue) represent Pope Martin V and Emperor Sigismund. Martin V was elected during the Council while Sigismund was the king who called the council. Both are naked except for the crown and papal tiara, respectively, that they wear as symbols of their power. The statue refers to a short story by Balzac, \"\". The story is a harsh satire of the Catholic clergy's morals, where Imperia seduces cardinals and princes at the Council of Constance and has power over them all. The historical Imperia that served as the source material of Balzac's story was a well-educated Italian courtesan who died in","Billy Mitchell General Charles P. Summerall, the president of the court. The case was then presided over by Major General Robert Lee Howze. Among those who testified for Mitchell were Eddie Rickenbacker, Hap Arnold, Carl Spaatz, Ira Eaker, Robert Olds, Thomas George Lanphier Sr. and Fiorello La Guardia. The trial attracted significant interest, and public opinion supported Mitchell. However, the court found the truth or falsity of Mitchell's accusations to be immaterial to the charge and on December 17, 1925, found him \"guilty of all specifications and of the charge\". The court suspended him from active duty for five years without pay,","the cult's participants. Vox in Rama Vox in Rama () is a papal bull issued by Pope Gregory IX in either 1232, 1233 or 1234 condemning a German heresy known as \"Luciferian\", a form of devil worship. The bull was issued to King Henry, son of Emperor Frederick II, in June 1233 and subsequently to Archbishop Siegfried III of Mainz demanding they use all efforts to stop the practice. The 13th century was a time of great superstition and saw the start of the \"demonisation of heretics\" by the Church, attributing their lack of belief in the Catholic faith to","when, on a scaffold in front of Notre Dame, de Molay, Geoffroi de Charney, Master of Normandy, Hugues de Peraud, referred to as \"a visitor of France\", and Godefroi de Gonneville, Master of Aquitaine, were brought forth from the jail in which for nearly seven years they had lain, to receive the sentence agreed upon by the cardinals, in conjunction with the Archbishop of Sens and some other prelates whom they had called in. Considering the offences which the culprits had confessed and confirmed, the penalty imposed was in accordance with rule—that of perpetual imprisonment. The affair was supposed to","The Staircase authorities disbelieved Peterson's story that Kathleen had fallen while drunk and concluded instead that he had bludgeoned her to death, most likely with a fireplace poker that was discovered missing from the house. Peterson was soon charged with murder. The film details the ensuing case from the point of view of Peterson and his defense team, led by David Rudolf. During the trial, it is discovered that while Peterson was living in Germany, a family friend died from an intra-cerebral haemorrhage, followed by the body falling down stairs after collapsing, which resulted in similar head injuries to those sustained by","Court of Castle Chamber and Charles I both issued commissions for the continuation of Castle Chamber. Like Star Chamber, it was seen increasingly by the Crown as a suitable instrument for enforcing a strong authoritarian government. Under Charles I, its powers were widened by the confirmation of its jurisdiction to hear cases brought by private litigants: this had long been in question, despite the fact that private cases made up a large part of the Court's work. Under Sir Arthur Chichester (Lord Deputy 1605–1616) Castle Chamber instituted a campaign of persecution of Roman Catholics. All Catholic priests were ordered to leave the country at","Lough Mask Murders September 1882, he turned approver, that is, an informer, and named three men as responsible for the killings. Michael Flynn and Thomas Higgins of Middle Cloghbrack and Patrick Higgins (Long) of Upper Cloghbrack were charged with the murders. In four separate trials, one ending in a hung jury, in December 1882, all three men were found guilty and sentenced to death by Justice William O'Brien. Two days before his execution, Michael Flynn wrote a detailed confession of his role in the murders and exonerated Mathias Kerrigan. However, Flynn did not exonerate the two men who had also been convicted. The","Trsat in Loreto, where it still stands today as a shrine. According to one version the Holy House was brought from the Holy Land by the Crusaders. Prince Nikola Frankopan sent a delegation to Nazareth to measure the foundations as he had presumably only the stones in his possession and not the whole walls. He rebuilt the Holy House and the Frankopan Family then gave the Holy House to the Pope and, as the nearest Papal lands were near Ancona, the House was shipped there and placed in Loreto. Tradition ascribes the building of the church to Prince Nikola I Frankopan","Clarence Darrow Clarence Seward Darrow (; April 18, 1857 – March 13, 1938) was an American lawyer, a leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union, and a prominent advocate for Georgist economic reform. He defended high-profile clients in many famous trials of the early 20th century, including teenage thrill killers Leopold and Loeb for murdering 14-year-old Robert \"Bobby\" Franks (1924); teacher John T. Scopes in the Scopes \"Monkey\" Trial (1925), in which he opposed statesman and orator William Jennings Bryan; and Ossian Sweet in a racially charged self-defense case (1926). Called a \"sophisticated country lawyer\", Darrow's wit and eloquence","Joseph Wright Harriman considered a masterpiece, and is the subject of a chapter of the revised edition of Francis Wellman's book \"The Art of Cross-Examination\". On November 24, 1933, Judge Caffey found Harriman competent to stand trial. The jury trial did not begin until May 1934. Harriman and a co-defendant, Harriman Bank vice-president Albert M. Austin, were tried together. Victims of the alleged fraud, including movie stars Constance Talmadge and Peggy Hopkins Joyce, appeared to testify that they had not consented to the withdrawals from their accounts that the defendants arranged. After five weeks of testimony, the jury deliberated only two hours before","Trials of the Knights Templar The leader, Templar Grand Master Jacques de Molay, and Hughes de Pairaud, a Templar, referred to in various documents as \"the visitor of France\", who was the collector of all of the royal revenues of France owing to the Order, were both arrested, as were many other Templars in France . Philip used his ministers and agents Guillaume de Nogaret and Enguerrand de Marigny who collected a list of charges against the Templars. Other witnesses were said to have been made up of expelled Templar members, previously removed for their misdeeds. Under the orders of the French king, they were","of the French Order of Academic Palms. Furthermore, in 2007 she was awarded the Balzan Prize for International Law since 1945. Her competence has been recognised by many academic institutions, having received at least thirteen honorary doctorates, as well as the Yale Law School Award of Merit and also the Manley-O.-Hudson medal. Rosalyn Higgins, Baroness Higgins Rosalyn C. Higgins, Baroness Higgins, (born 2 June 1937, London) is a former President of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). She was the first female judge elected to the ICJ, and was elected President in 2006. Her term of office expired on 6","Zlatni dvori Petar's father Vinko (Milan Štrljić), is a business partner with Nikola (Robert Kurbaša), master of estate Ana is working on, and Fedor (Marko Torjanac), father of Petar's fiancée, very spoiled rising singer Nera (Petra Kraljev). Ana lives with father Antun (Darko Milas), and grandfather Joza (Duško Valentić). One day, there was a wedding in Nikola's and his sister's restaurant, and Petar was on it. Ana left the restaurant and went to see her mare, Plamenka, and Petar followed her. Ana accidentally pushed him in droppings, and he went to Joza to clean his trousers. But then, a fire broke out","Scottsboro Boys and prosecutor wanted to speed the nine trials to avoid violence, so the first trial took a day and a half, and the rest took place one right after the other, in just one day. The judge had ordered the Alabama bar to assist the defendants, but the only attorney who volunteered was Milo Moody, a 69-year-old attorney who had not defended a case in decades. The judge persuaded Stephen Roddy, a Chattanooga, Tennessee, real estate lawyer, to assist him. Roddy admitted he had not had time to prepare and was not familiar with Alabama law, but agreed to aid","Dorian Lord Peter Janssen (Jeff Pomerantz), she succeeds in preventing Victor from revealing the truth. Soon, a second stroke sends Victor back to the hospital. Victor is then able to summon the strength to ask Dr. Jim Craig (Nat Polen) to bring Viki to his room, much to Dorian's distress. However, once Viki arrives, Victor is only able to utter the words \"...Dorian...phone...lawyer...\" before collapsing. Under mysterious circumstances, and with Dr. Craig in the room, Victor dies June 16, 1976 without telling children Viki or Tony the truth about his wife's trickery. In the wake of Victor's questionable death, Dorian is named","Bahadur Shah Zafar Delhi Gate. Severed heads of his three sons and grandson were brought before him. Many male members of his family were killed by Company forces. Other surviving members of the Mughal dynasty were imprisoned or exiled. The trial was a consequence of the Sepoy Mutiny and lasted for 41 days, had 19 hearings, 21 witnesses and over a hundred documents in Persian and Urdu, with their English translations, were produced in the court. At first the trial was suggested to be held at Calcutta, the place where Directors of East India company used to their sittings in connection with their","Jadranka Kosor Jadranka Kosor (; born 1 July 1953) is a Croatian politician and former journalist who served as the Prime Minister of Croatia from 2009 to 2011, having taken office following the sudden resignation of her predecessor Ivo Sanader. Kosor was the first and so far only woman to become Prime Minister of Croatia since independence. However, she is the third woman in Croatian post-World War II history to hold an office equivalent to a head of government, after Savka Dabčević-Kučar and Ema Derossi-Bjelajac, who held the office of Chairman of the Executive Council (Prime Minister) and headed the","Deptford report on Marlowe's death in the Public Record Office which gave fuller details. Marlowe had spent all day in a house owned by the widow Eleanor Bull, along with three men, Ingram Frizer, Nicholas Skeres and Robert Poley. Witnesses testified that Frizer and Marlowe had earlier argued over the bill, exchanging \"divers malicious words.\" Later, while Frizer was sitting at a table between the other two and Marlowe was lying behind him on a couch, Marlowe snatched Frizer's dagger and began attacking him. In the ensuing struggle, according to the coroner's report, Marlowe was accidentally stabbed above the right eye,","Marie Lafarge Marie-Fortunée Lafarge (née Capelle; 15 January 1816 – 7 November 1852) was a Frenchwoman who was convicted of murdering her husband by arsenic poisoning in 1840. Her case became notable, because it was one of the first trials to be followed by the public through daily newspaper reports, and because she was the first person convicted largely on direct forensic toxicological evidence. However, questions about her guilt had divided French society to the extent that it is often compared to the better-known Dreyfus affair. Marie Lafarge was born in Paris in 1816, the daughter of an artillery officer.","William P. Bryant Justice Bryant began the trial on October 1, 1849, at Fort Steilacoom after a grand jury returned indictments for all six. The outcome was that two, Kussus and Quallalwowt, were convicted of the murder and sentenced to hanging on October 2. On October 3, the two were hanged by U.S. Marshal Joseph L. Meek. The total cost of the trial was $2,379.54, which included the cost of the 80 blankets. Former judge of the Provisional Government of Oregon and later justice on the Oregon Supreme Court, Alonzo A. Skinner was brought with Bryant to serve as the prosecutor. The next","Roman Rota because the judges, called \"auditors\", originally met in a round room to hear cases. The Rota was established in the 13th century. The Pope appoints the auditors of the Rota and designates one of them the dean. On Saturday, September 22, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation as Dean, for reasons of age, of Bishop Antoni Stankiewicz, and appointed in his place Msgr. Pio Vito Pinto, until then serving as a prelate Auditor of the Court of first instance. The Rota issues its decrees and sentences in Latin. The Rota adjudicates cases in a panel (called a \"Turnus\") of","Midnight Judges Act Secretary of State James Madison refused to process Marbury's selection, Marbury requested a writ of mandamus, which would force Madison to make his appointment official. Chief Justice John Marshall declared that the Supreme Court did not have the authority to force Madison to make the appointment official. This statement actually challenged the Judiciary Act of 1789, which stated that the Supreme Court did, in fact, have the right to issue those writs. Marshall, therefore, ruled that part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional because the Constitution did not expressly grant this power to the judiciary. In deciding the constitutionality","that the act of digging out an old murder FIR lodged against Bhutto was actually done as a last-ditch effort to implicate the fallen prime minister. The above description is not entirely true. Maulvi Mushtaq Hussain Maulvi Mushtaq Hussain was a Pakistani jurist who served as chief justice of the high court of Lahore. He presided over the trial of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, during the proceedings in the Pakistani high court. In September 1978, two months after Gen Zia toppled the Bhutto regime in a military coup earlier in July, the three-year-old FIR of the Kasuri murder was dug out","Sodom, or the Quintessence of Debauchery time about the king's real motive in pushing religious toleration. \"Sodom\" is popularly classified as closet drama, which means it has not had a major performance for centuries. The play was publicly performed in 1986 for six weekends at Broom Street Theater in Madison, Wisconsin. \"Sodom\" was revived at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 2011 by the Movement Theatre Company, in what is described as a \"reconstructed\" version. In the film \"The Libertine\", Johnny Depp, as Rochester, is seen staging \"Sodom\" in front of an outraged Charles II, with Rochester taking the role of the King of Sodom. Sodom, or","a court. She paid £40 to hire a house. Whilst she was in Jedburgh she heard that James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell lay injured at Hermitage Castle. She took a hazardous journey to see him and returned ill from the experience. She was said to have later noted that she should have died in Jedburgh. She didn't die but she was forced to abdicate and she went to escape to England where she was imprisoned and much later executed. For the last thirty years Queen Mary's House has told this story. The building is open to the public and","Thalia Massie Fortescue, was deeply disturbed by the release of the defendants and many U.S. Navy personnel at Pearl Harbor were outraged. A short time later, Joseph Kahahawai was abducted when leaving the courthouse after a probation hearing and was found, shot dead, in the back seat of Grace Fortescue's car. Defended by attorney Clarence Darrow of the Scopes Monkey Trial fame, Fortescue, Thalia's husband Thomas Massie, and two Navy sailors were eventually tried and convicted of manslaughter in the death of Kahahawai. Originally sentenced to 10 years, their sentence was commuted to one hour in the executive chambers of Governor Lawrence","Magdalena Solís over the sect. Under her leadership, the rituals became more grisly and perverse as Solís became enamored of consuming blood and sadomasochism. By the time Solís took over the cult, two members who had grown tired of the sexual abuse expressed a desire to leave the group. They were brought before Solís, who demanded that they be put to death. The two members were lynched by the terrified adherents. After these first two murders, Solís' pathology evolved. Instead of simple orgies, she began to demand human sacrifices. She devised a \"blood ritual\" in which the sacrificed (typically a dissenter) was","Pan Am Flight 103 six weeks to submit the full grounds of the appeal. These were considered by a judge sitting in private who decided to grant Megrahi leave to appeal. The only basis for an appeal under Scots law is that there has been a \"miscarriage of justice\", which is not defined in statute and so it is for the appeal court to determine the meaning of these words in each case. Because three judges and one alternate judge had presided over the trial, five judges were required to preside over the Court of Criminal Appeal: In what was described as a milestone","Josephine Bakhita convent of Schio in 1969. A young student once asked Bakhita: \"What would you do, if you were to meet your captors?\" Without hesitation she responded: \"If I were to meet those who kidnapped me, and even those who tortured me, I would kneel and kiss their hands. For, if these things had not happened, I would not have been a Christian and a religious today\". The petitions for her canonisation began immediately, and the process officially commenced by Pope John XXIII in 1959, only twelve years after her death. On 1 December 1978, Pope John Paul II declared Josephine","Anna Bolena can avoid being put to death by admitting guilt. Anna says that she will not buy her life with infamy. She expresses the hope that her successor will wear a crown of thorns. Jane admits that she is to be the successor. Anna tells her to leave, but says that Henry VIII alone is the guilty one. Jane leaves, deeply upset. \"Scene Two: Antechamber leading into the hall where the Council of Peers is meeting\" Hervey tells courtiers that Anna is lost, because Smeaton has talked and has revealed a crime. Henry VIII enters. Hervey says that Smeaton has fallen","Vehmic court The Vehmic courts, Vehmgericht, holy vehme, or simply Vehm, also spelt Feme, Vehmegericht, Fehmgericht, are names given to a \"proto-vigilante\" tribunal system of Westphalia in Germany active during the later Middle Ages, based on a fraternal organisation of lay judges called “free judges” ( or ). The original seat of the courts was in Dortmund. Proceedings were sometimes secret, leading to the alternative titles of “secret courts” (), “silent courts” (), or “forbidden courts” (). After the execution of a death sentence, the corpse could be hung on a tree to advertise the fact and deter others. The","Trial of Yolanda Saldívar The jury included seven white Americans, four Hispanics, and one African American. Westergren ordered that the trial would neither be televised nor taped and limited the number of reporters in the courtroom to avoid a \"repeat of the Simpson circus\". The trial began on October 11. In his opening statement, Valdez claimed that Saldívar \"deliberately killed Selena\", calling the act \"senseless and cowardly\" because Selena had been shot in the back. Valdez called the incident a \"simple case of murder\". Tinker opened his statement as though he was \"describing a mystery movie\" calling Quintanilla, Jr. a \"controlling and dominating father,","of \"Edison v. USA, et al.,\" No. 14-15472 and \"Nuwintore v. USA, et al.\", No. 14-17546 (9th Cir. 2016) - the decision is available here. Ian Wallach is counsel to the family of Dontre Hamilton who was shot 14 times by police officer Christopher Manney who woke Hamilton from a nap in Red Arrow Park Milwaukee. No charges were brought against Christopher Manney for killing Dontre Hamilton. But Christopher Manney was fired for engaging in an unlawful pat-town of Hamilton. Manney appealed that decision to the Milwaukee Fire and Police Commission, who upheld the decision to terminate him. Christopher Manney","and described her character as \"evil, malevolent, and treacherous\". On various occasions he called her the \"Queen of the Night,\" referring to the villainess of Mozart's famous opera \"The Magic Flute. There were others who shared Beethoven's view. Jakob Hotschevar, who had served as Karl's legal guardian, refused in 1830 to become the guardian of Johanna's daughter Ludovika. He informed the court that because of Johanna's \"far from praiseworthy moral conduct\" he simply did not want to have any further contacts with her. Johanna van Beethoven Johanna van Beethoven (née Reiß [Reiss]; 1786–1869) was the sister-in-law of the composer Ludwig","The whole of his statement is in \"The Trial of the Catonsville Nine\". Large demonstrations occurred outside the Federal Courthouse on Calvert Street during the trial. The trial came soon after the events of the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago where considerable violence took place. The Nine's trial, with religious people involved, made the overall peace movement a bit harder to dismiss since protesters in Chicago consisted of younger, student and SDS, Weather Underground, and youths with long hair. Both the judge, Roszel C. Thomsen, and the prosecutor, Stephen H. Sachs, realized the historic proportions of the event but","with the defense of W.D. Lyons. Spell was portrayed by Sterling K. Brown in the movie Marshall. Trial of Joseph Spell The trial of Joseph Spell, State of Connecticut v. Joseph Spell, was a 1940 legal case in which an African-American chauffeur was accused of raping the wealthy white woman who was his boss, Eleanor Strubing. The accusations and trial made sensational headlines. Spell was represented by Samuel Friedman and Thurgood Marshall. The case featured in the 2017 film \"Marshall\". Spell, who was African-American, worked as a chauffeur for a wealthy White woman. After 17 hours of questioning, Spell confessed","Republika Srpska (1992–95) 1992–1995 Bosnian war. In 1993, the United Nations Security Council created the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) at The Hague for the purpose of bringing to justice persons allegedly responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law in the territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1991. On 24 July 1995, the Hague Tribunal indicted Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić on charges of genocide and crimes against humanity; on 14 November 1995, both men were indicted again on charges specific to the Srebrenica massacre. On 2 August 2001, the Hague Tribunal found General-Major Radislav Krstić, the commander of","Murder of the Grimes sisters been subjected to sexual assaults throughout their period of captivity, adding that the autopsy conducted upon Patricia Grimes had discovered semen within the vaginal fluid swathed from her body, and that curdled milk had also been found in Barbara Grimes' stomach, when she is not known to have drunk milk either at her home or at the cinema on the evening of December 28. The chief investigator of the Cook County coroner's office, Harry Glos, strongly believed an official suspect in the case named Edward Bedwell had been the individual who had committed the sisters' murder. Glos asserted the wound","Palace of Justice siege of the Supreme Court, Chief Justice Alfonso Reyes Echandía. In the meantime many hostages took refuge in empty offices on the first floor, where they hid until around 2 pm. The assailants took 300 people hostage, including the 24 justices and 20 other judges. Once in the building the first hostage the guerrilla group was asking for was Supreme Court Justice and President of the Constitutional Court, then called \"Sala Constitucional\", Manuel Gaona Cruz, who was in charge of delivering the opinion of the court in regards to the constitutionality of the extradition treaty between Colombia and the United States.","Death and funeral of Otto von Habsburg – Prince Luitpold of Bavaria, and others House of Habsburg – Karl of Austria, Georg of Austria, Andrea of Austria, Monika of Austria, Michaela of Austria, Gabriela of Austria, Walburga of Austria, and others – Cardinal Christoph Schönborn participated as Pope Benedict XVI's personal representative; he will also preside over the requiem in Vienna Archbishops of central European and Balkan countries that once formed the Austro-Hungarian empire. Many dignitaries attended the funeral in Vienna on 16 July. In total, around 1,000 invited guests were present, among them many royals, nobles, heads of state and government representatives. House of Habsburg (former","Edict of Torda The co-existence of the four \"received\" (or officially recognized) denominationsthe Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Calvinist, and Unitarian Churcheswas not questioned. The Orthodox Church was not regarded as a received religion, but its existence was also officially recognized. Gabriel Báthory, who ruled from 1608 to 1613, exempted the Orthodox priests from all feudal obligations and secured their right to free movement. His successor, Gabriel Bethlen, confirmed this decree in 1614. He also allowed the Jesuits to return to Transylvania and settled about 200 Anabaptist Hutterites (who were persecuted in all of Europe) in the principality. He also granted special privileges to the","Court Judge Adrian Hardiman criticised the methods used by Operation Yewtree, particularly the treatment of Paul Gambaccini, as well as the investigations of Cliff Richard and the Midland cases of Leon Brittan and Edwin Bramall, for what he described as the radical undermining of the presumption of innocence. A report by Sir Richard Henriques into the Metropolitan Police's sexual abuse investigations was critical of the handling of Operation Midland but reserved praise for Operation Yewtree. Gambaccini, Bramall and Harvey Proctor, who had been investigated by Operation Midland, sued the Metropolitan Police for £3m in February 2017. In November 2018, Gambaccini","Novi Sad raid centres. Many died during their interrogation. Temperatures reached . Victims were brought to an area known as the Štrand, along the Danube, and shot with machine guns. Their killers then broke up the frozen river's ice sheets with artillery fire and tossed the bodies into the water. According to another account, the victims were forced to tread the ice sheets, which were then shattered by shelling from the shore, causing them to fall into the freezing water and drown. The killings only ceased after four days, when the city's Lord Lieutenant, László Deák, bypassed the curfew and alerted the authorities","The Case of Lena Smith the suffering she has endured has been in vain. Esther Ralston as Lena Smith <br> James Hall as Warrant Officer Franz Hofrat<br> Gustav von Seyffertitz as Herr Hofrat<br> Emily Fitzroy as Frau Hofrat<br> Fred Kohler as Stephan<br> Betty Aho as Stephan's sister<br> Lawrence Grant as Commissioner <br> Alex Woloshin as Janitor<br> Ann Brody as Janitor's wife Elements of the film's narrative and creative character have been reconstructed from archival material from multiple sources, including the Paramount film files. The main story of the movie unfolds in Vienna of 1894 (the year of von Sternberg's birth) during a period which saw","Lizzie Borden evidence during the trial and presented on June 5, 1893. Upon seeing them in the courtroom, Lizzie fainted. Evidence was excluded that Lizzie had sought to purchase prussic acid, purportedly for cleaning a sealskin cloak, from a local druggist on the day before the murders. The judge ruled that the incident was too remote in time to have any connection. The presiding Associate Justice, Justin Dewey (who had been appointed by Robinson when he was governor), delivered a lengthy summary that supported the defense as his charge to the jury before it was sent to deliberate on June 20, 1893.","Sarah Maria Cornell the Methodist Church, were led by former United States Senator and New Hampshire Attorney General Jeremiah Mason. The trial lasted 27 days. Under Rhode Island law at the time, defendants in capital cases were not permitted to offer testimony in their own defense, so Avery did not get the opportunity to speak. However, both the prosecution and the defense called a large number of witnesses to testify, 68 for the prosecution, and 128 for the defense. Although the defense maintained that Avery had not been present when the murder occurred, the larger part of the defense strategy was to call","Death of JonBenét Ramsey year. John and Patsy Ramsey were sued in two defamation lawsuits arising from the publication of their book, \"The Death of Innocence\". These suits were brought by two persons named in the book who were said to have been investigated by Boulder police as suspects in the case. The Ramseys were defended in those lawsuits by Lin Wood and three other Atlanta attorneys, James C. Rawls, Eric P. Schroeder, and S. Derek Bauer. They obtained the dismissal of both lawsuits, including an in-depth decision by U.S. District Court Judge Julie Carnes that \"abundant evidence\" in the murder case pointed to","William Cosby Justice Lewis Morris, aware of public opinion, dismissed Cosby's case on legal grounds on 9 April 1733. Cosby retaliated by removing Morris from office. He also dismissed Van Dam from the provincial council and named loyalist James De Lancey the new chief justice. Afterwards, Morris justified his decision in \"The New York Weekly Journal\", an opposition newspaper. This episode was significant both because it was the precursor to the Zenger trial and because it augmented Cosby's reputation for arbitrary, tyrannical rule. Meanwhile, Cosby secured an adequate salary for himself by refusing to call for new elections to the New York","Birgit Fladager against Fladager for District Attorney in 2014. A preliminary hearing went 18 months, breaking the record for preliminary hearing length. The record was formerly held by the McMartin Preschool case. Charged Defendants and outcomes as of October 18, 2018: Frank Carson: Charged with first degree murder with special circumstance of lying in wait, conspiracy to commit obstruction of justice, . Released on own recognizance due to evidence handling failures. Currently on trial for murder. Georgia DeFelippo, Carson's wife: Charged with first degree murder with special circumstance of lying in wait. Case was thrown out by court for lack of probable","R v Wallace his intellectual hobbies of chess, botany and chemistry gave the impression to some of a cold, calculating killer who had contrived to commit the perfect murder. Wallace was tried at St. George's Hall at the Assizes in April, 1931. Edward Hemmerde, KC led for the Crown, assisted by Leslie Walsh. Roland Oliver, KC, assisted by Sydney Scholefield Allen, led for the Defence (instructed by solicitor Hector Munro of H.J. Davis, Berthen and Munro). During cross-examination it became clear that the police surgeon had blundered, in not taking temperature to ascertain the time of death, and the Police had allowed the","Amanda Knox common in the US system. Unless the defendant opts for a fast track trial (a relatively inquisitorial procedure), murder trials are heard by a Corte d'Assise, which is less likely to exclude evidence as prejudicial than a US court. Two presiding professional trial judges, who also vote on the verdict, are expected to correct any bias of the six lay-judges during their deliberations. An acquittal can be appealed by the prosecution, and faulty application of legal principles in the judges' detailed report on their decision can be grounds for overturning the verdict. A defendant who gives evidence is not given","Catholic Church response to the Medjugorje apparitions considers this judgement still operative. Traditionally, there have been one of three determinations with regard to apparitions: Until such time as the Vatican commission's findings are revealed and approved by the pope, the \"not determined\" ruling remains in effect. A commission on Medjugorje established in 2010 by Pope Benedict XVI and chaired by Cardinal Camillo Ruini voted 13-1 to confirm the supernatural origin of the first seven occurrences of the apparition only. In addition, Commission members also voted to recommend lifting the Vatican ban on official diocesan and parish pilgrimages to Medjugorje and for turning the town’s parish Church of","Rachael Denhollander impose the maximum sentence under the plea agreement because everything is what these survivors are worth.\" In Ingham County, Judge Rosemarie Aquilina said Denhollander \"built an army of survivors\" and called her \"a five-star general.\" Aquilina also said Denhollander was \"the bravest person I have ever had in my courtroom.\" Denhollander has been bestowed with many honors for bringing Nassar to justice, including \"Time\" magazine naming her to its 2018 list of the world's 100 Most Influential People. On May 16, 2018 it was announced that the survivors of the USA Gymnastics sexual abuse scandal would be awarded the Arthur","Miracle at St. Anna the \"Primavera\", accompanied by its new owner who takes out a rosary and reveals himself as an adult Angelo. They both hold Hector's rosary and happily burst into tears. John Turturro plays Detective Antonio \"Tony\" Ricci, who is charged with investigating a post office murder in 1983; Joseph Gordon-Levitt plays Tim Boyle, the investigative reporter assigned to cover the murder and subsequent discovery of an Italian artifact; and Kerry Washington plays Zana Wilder, a lawyer hired to represent the suspected post office murderer. Naomi Campbell was originally cast as Wilder in September 2007, but later pulled out due to scheduling","Supreme Court of Cassation (Serbia) is in Belgrade. The court is composed of 24 judges, one of them being the President of the Court. The current Acting President of the Supreme Court of Cassation is Dragomir Milojević. The Supreme Land Court (Врховни суд земаљски) of the Principality of Serbia was formed in 1846 as the court of last resort by the decree of Prince Aleksandar Karađorđević. It was composed of the President and four judges. The president and the judges were appointed by the Prince on the recommendation of the Minister of Justice. This Court was a trial court, while the appeals were heard by","Nikola Uzunović Foreign Minister Barthou at Marseille in October 1934. On 9 October, while the two was being slowly driven in a car through the streets a gunman — the Macedonian Velicko Kerin, a Bulgarian revolutionary wielding a handgun. stepped from the street and shot the King twice and the chauffeur with a Mauser C96 semiautomatic pistol. He died in the car, slumped backwards in the seat, with his eyes open. The assassination was planned in Rome by Ante Pavelić in August 1934. Pavelić was assisted by Georg Perčević, a former Austro-Hungarian military officer. France unsuccessfully requested the extraditions of both men.","2011. In November 2012, he was sentenced to 10 years in prison in a first instance verdict, later reduced to years. However, his sentence was annulled by Croatia's Constitutional Court in 2015. With the exception of numerous Croatian officials who were sentenced to imprisonment during the existence of the socialist Yugoslavia, he is the first Croatian head of government and highest ranking state official to be tried and sentenced to a jail term. On October 22, 2018, Sanader was sentenced to 2 1/2 years in prison for war profiteering and must return $570,000 in kickbacks from Hypo Bank. Ivo Sanader","Doktor Rej i đavoli didn't get a permission from their families to use them in the film. The character of Aleksa is Serbian film director Saša Petrović, the character of Zlatan is Serbian writer Slobodan Selenić, while Ivica is Croatian film producer Branko Lustig. The feature film (which is part of a larger project that also includes a yet to be made documentary and a yet to be released book) premiered on 4 March 2012 on the closing night of the 2012 FEST. The film goes into general theatrical release in Serbia from 27 September 2012. In 1964 the celebrated director Nicholas Ray, who","Johann of Schwarzenberg Johann of Schwarzenberg (December 25, 1463 – October 21, 1528) (also Johann, Freiherr von Schwarzenberg and Hohenlandsberg) was a German moralist and reformer who, as judge of the episcopal court at Bamberg, introduced a new code of evidence which amended the procedure then prevalent in Europe by securing for the accused a more impartial hearing. In 1507, at the direction of the Prince-Bishop of Bamberg, Georg Schenk von Limpurg, Schwarzenberg drew up the \"Halsgerichtsordnung\" (Procedure for the judgment of capital crimes) of Bamberg (also known as the \"Bambergensis\"). It was based on the humanistic school of Roman","The Verona Trial Il processo di Verona (internationally released as The Verona Trial) is a 1963 Italian historical drama film directed by Carlo Lizzani. The film tells of the final phases of the Italian fascist regime, in particular the affair of the 1944 Verona trial, in which Galeazzo Ciano, Emilio De Bono, Giovanni Marinelli and other eminent Fascist officials were sentenced to death and almost immediately executed by a shooting detachment. For her portrayal of Edda Mussolini-Ciano, Silvana Mangano won the two major Italian film awards, the David di Donatello for Best Actress and the Silver Ribbon in the same","Banski dvori Banski dvori (, \"Ban's\" Court) is a historical building on the west side of St. Mark's Square in Zagreb, Croatia. It served as the official residence of the Croatian Bans (viceroys) and is currently used by the Croatian Government. The Banski dvori is a two-story baroque building constructed by Ignaz Gyulai in the first half of the 19th century. It was the residence of Croatian bans from 1809 to 1918, hence the name \"Banski dvori\" (\"Ban's Court\"). During this period, it housed the Tabula Banalis and later the Royal Court Table. Ban Josip Jelačić, for whom Ban Jelačić","Richard Speck Paschen appointed an impartial panel to report on Speck's competence to stand trial and his sanity at the time of the crime — a panel of three physicians suggested by the defense and three physicians selected by the prosecution, consisting of five psychiatrists and one general surgeon. The panel's confidential report deemed Speck competent to stand trial and concluded he had not been insane at the time of the murders. While awaiting trial, Speck participated in twice-weekly sessions with part-time Cook County Jail psychiatrist, Dr. Marvin Ziporyn. These continued after Speck's transfer from Cermak Memorial Hospital (inside Chicago's House of","Summis desiderantes affectibus of Dominican Inquisitor Heinrich Kramer for explicit authority to prosecute witchcraft in Germany, after he was refused assistance by the local ecclesiastical authorities, who maintained that as the letter of deputation did not specifically mention where the inquisitors may operate, they could not legally exercise their functions in their areas. The bull sought to remedy this jurisdictional dispute by specifically identifying the dioceses of Mainz, Köln, Trier, Salzburg, and Bremen. Innocent's Bull enacted nothing new. Its direct purport was to ratify the powers already conferred upon Kramer (also known as \"Henry Institoris\") and James Sprenger to deal with witchcraft as","Maxi Trial one of these absent defendants.) Among the defendants were all major Mafia bosses, including Luciano Leggio, the head of the Corleonesi, who acted as his own lawyer; Michele Greco, the head of the Mafia Commission, who was arrested while the trial had already started; Giuseppe \"Pippo\" Calò and others. After several years of investigating by the Antimafia pool, the trial began on 10 February 1986. The presiding judge was Alfonso Giordano, flanked by two other judges who were 'alternates', should anything fatal happen to Giordano before the end of what was to be a lengthy trial. The charges faced by","Leopold Mandić by John Paul II during the General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops on 16 October 1983. Leopold is hailed as the \"Apostle of Unity\". At the personal request of Pope Francis, Mandić's remains were brought to Rome for veneration during the 2015–2016 Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy. He and his fellow Capuchin friar, Pio of Pietrelcina, were designated as saint-confessors to inspire people to become reconciled to the Church and to God, by the confession of their sins. Their bodies were available for veneration, first at the Basilica of Saint Lawrence outside the Walls, administered by the Capuchin friars, then","Goran Jelisić Croat civilians in the Luka camp and Brčko police station between May and June 1992, when she was a teenager. Her sentence was reduced to two-and-a-half years of prison in 2013. Goran Jelisić Goran Jelisić (; born 7 June 1968, Bijeljina, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia) is a Bosnian Serb war criminal who was found guilty of having committed crimes against humanity and for violating the customs of war by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) at the Luka camp in Brčko during the Bosnian War. He styled himself, and has been referred to in the media,","Trial of Joseph Estrada son, Senator Jinggoy Estrada, and a lawyer Edward Serapio of plunder charges. The Fallo of the 262-page Decision declared the forfeiture in favor of the government: P542.701 million (bank accounts including interest), P189 million (Jose Velarde accounts including interest) and the Boracay mansion in New Manila, Quezon City. Only the fallo or dispositive part of two judgments were read (resulting to only 15 minutes judicial proceedings). During the reading of the judgment, witnesses said Joseph Estrada cried; his wife, Luisa Ejercito Estrada, Jackie Ejercito Lopez, San Juan Mayor Joseph Victor \"JV\" Ejercito, (Estrada's son with Guia Gomez), other family members","In criminal courts, the Grand Mufti's recommendations are generally not binding either. Muftis are Muslim religious scholars who issue influential legal opinions (fatwas) interpreting Sharia (Islamic law). The Ottoman Empire began the practice of giving official recognition and status to a single mufti, above all others, as the Grand Mufti. The Grand Mufti of Istanbul had, since the late 16th century, come to be regarded as the head of the religious establishment. He was thus not only pre-eminent but bureaucratically responsible for the body of religious-legal scholars and gave legal rulings on important state policies such as the dethronement of","High Court of Chivalry in each case. Sittings by these Commissioners became known as the High Court of Delegates by the time of the 1832 Act. Historically the court had two hereditary judges - the Duke of Norfolk as Earl Marshal of England, and the Duke of Buckingham as Lord High Constable of England - but in 1521 Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham was convicted of treason, stripped of his titles and offices, and executed. Since then the office of Lord High Constable of England has only been appointed to perform ceremonial duties during a Coronation and there has only been the Earl","The Verdict of Perugia characters in order to make it possible to tell the story. The defense attorney in the play, Vincente Petroscaglia, is based on Carlo Dalla Vedova and Luciano Girgha, while prosecutor Dottoressa Carla Collodi (intentionally named after Pinocchio author Carlo Collodi), was based on both Giuliano Mignini and Manuela Comodi. The Play was written to be performed by seven live actors, all male and all female witnesses played by the same two actors. Amanda Marie Knox Raffaele Sollecito Judge Alessandro Nencini Vincente Petroscaglia, Defense Attorney Dr. Carla Collodi, Assistant Chief Prosecutor Of Perugia Meredith Kercher (Voice Over) Dr. Luca Lalli, pathologist","was first publicly presented on March 27 at the Sarajevo City Hall by a team of artists and officials. According to the Research and Documentation Center, of the 11,541 people killed in the siege, 643 were children. Therefore, 643 of the chairs in Sarajevo Red Line were small - representing the slain children. On some, passers-by left teddy bears, little plastic cars, other toys or candy. The International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia (ICTY) sentenced two former Bosnian-Serb generals for overseeing the siege of Sarajevo. Stanislav Galić and Dragomir Milošević were both found guilty of terrorizing civilians in Sarajevo and","Judiciary of Croatia the age of seventy. The Constitutional Court (\"Ustavni sud\") rules on matters regarding compliance of legislation with the constitution, repeals unconstitutional legislation, reports any breaches of provisions of the constitution to the government and the parliament, declares the speaker of the parliament acting president upon petition from the government in the event the country's president becomes incapacitated, issues consent for commencement of criminal procedures against or arrest of the president, and hears appeals against decisions of the National Judicial Council. It also resolves jurisdictional disputes between the legislative, executive and judicial branches, supervises the constitutionality of the programmes and activities","Mihalj Kertes Mihalj Kertes (, , born 29 August 1947), nicknamed \"Braca\" or \"Bracika\", was a Yugoslav Serbian politician, minister, close associate and man of trust of President of FR Yugoslavia Slobodan Milošević. An ethnic Hungarian, member of the Communist Party since 1974, he became a supporter of Milošević in the late 1980s. As long-time director of Federal Customs Bureau of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Kertes provided logistic and financial support for various undercover government operations. During the 2000s, after the 5 October, Kertes was sentenced, tried or acted as a witness in several trials. Kertes was born in Bačka","against her. In addition to political strife, there were religious differences as well since Protestantism spread into Hungary. In 1557, Isabella signed an edict granting freedom of religion to four denominations – Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists, and Unitarians. It was a pioneering move towards religious tolerance and an important step towards the Edict of Torda of 1568. Isabella is noted as the first European ruler to issue laws on religious tolerance. Isabella died of a long illness in September 1559, just three years after her return to Transylvania. Isabella Jagiellon Isabella Jagiellon (; ; 18 January 1519 – 15 September 1559)","Angelina Napolitano she had until he woke to get some money. That afternoon, as Pietro slept in their top-floor apartment on James Street, Angelina took an axe and hit him four times in the neck and head, killing him. She immediately sought out a neighbour and confessed, adding \"I just killed a pig\", then waited for the police to come. They found her with her arms wrapped around her youngest child, and charged her with murder. The trial began on Monday, May 8, 1911, in Sault Ste. Marie, with Justice Byron Moffatt Britton presiding and Edmund Meredith as the crown attorney. When","trial of camp commandant Höss which took place at the Supreme National Tribunal in Warsaw throughout March 1947 was the actual first ever Auschwitz trial, followed by the trials in Kraków several months later. The Supreme National Tribunal presiding in Kraków issued 23 death sentences, and 17 imprisonments ranging from life sentences to 3 years. All executions were carried out on January 28, 1948 at the Kraków Montelupich Prison, \"one of the most terrible Nazi prisons in occupied Poland\" used by Gestapo throughout World War II. Maria Mandel and Therese Brandl were the first to be executed. One person was","Petar Svačić assembled an enormous force at the eastern foot of Mount Gvozd. The subsequent offensive was brutal and absolute, resulting in Petar's death. His heroism was commemorated in the renaming of Mount Gvozd to Petrova Gora (Peter's Mountain). Five years of negotiations between Croatia's remaining noblemen and Coloman followed thereafter. Finally, in 1102, an historic settlement was reached (Pacta Conventa) by which the Croats agreed to recognise Coloman as king. In return, he promised to maintain Croatia as a separate kingdom, not to settle Croatia with Hungarians, to guarantee Croatia's self-governance under a ban (royal governor), and to respect all the","Pragmatic Sanction of 1712 the Croatian Parliament, and is recalled in the preamble of the Constitution of Croatia. Succession issues appeared on the accession of the childless King Charles III (also Holy Roman Emperor as Charles VI), the last male Habsburg, in 1711. Charles had privately agreed with his older brother and predecessor, King Joseph I, on the Mutual Pact of Succession in 1703. The Mutual Pact provided for female succession in the event of extinction of the male line, but gave precedence to the daughters of the older rather than surviving brother. Charles wished to secure his hereditary realms for his own daughter,","Milan Martić Milan Martić Milan Martić (; born 18 November 1954) is a Croatian Serb convicted war criminal and former president of the unrecognized Republic of Serbian Krajina. He was a senior rebel commander of Serbian forces in Yugoslavia during the Croatian War of Independence. Martić was convicted of war crimes by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) on 12 June 2007 and sentenced to 35 years in prison. Martić was born on 18 November 1954 in the village of Žagrović, in the Knin municipality. He graduated from the Post-Secondary Police School in Zagreb and between 1976-81 worked as","Murder of Joanna Yeates friends in the Netherlands started to raise funds for his court defence. Tabak initially maintained he was not responsible for Joanna Yeates' death, claiming that DNA evidence linking him to the crime had been fabricated by corrupt officials. However, on 8 February, he told Peter Brotherton, a prison chaplain, that he had killed her and intended to plead guilty. On 5 May 2011, Vincent Tabak pleaded guilty to the manslaughter of Yeates, but denied murdering her. His plea of guilty to manslaughter was rejected by the Crown Prosecution Service. On 20 September, Tabak appeared in person at a pre-trial hearing","Majdanek trials Holocaust victims at death factories in Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka. Both SS men were charged with wholesale stealing from the Third Reich to become rich. Karl-Otto Koch (serving at Majdanek from July 1941 till August 24, 1942) was executed by firing squad on April 5, 1945; Hermann Florstedt, the third chief of Majdanek (from October 1942 on) was executed by the SS on April 15, 1945. Retreating Germans did not have time to destroy the facility. It remained the best preserved example of an Holocaust death camp in history, with intact gas chambers and crematoria. The advancing Soviets were shocked","William Henry Bury before Lord Young in the High Court of Justiciary on 28 March. Bury's defence team comprised solicitor David Tweedie and advocate William Hay; the prosecution was led by advocate depute Dugald or Dill McKechnie. The hearing lasted 13 hours. The prosecution witnesses included Ellen's sister Margaret Corney, William's former employer James Martin, the Burys' London landlady Elizabeth Haynes, William's drinking partner David Walker, Lieutenant Lamb and Drs Templeman and Littlejohn. After a break for supper, Hay presented the defence case, which was heavily dependent on Dr Lennox's testimony that Ellen had strangled herself. At 10:05 p.m., Lord Young finished his","Edward Cowart Edward D. Cowart (February 17, 1925 – August 3, 1987) was an American judge (Dade County Circuit Court Judge). He is best known as presiding judge at the trial of serial killer Ted Bundy, a one-time law student who was arrested for a series of murders from at least 1974 to 1978 and represented himself in court. Cowart imposed a death sentence, and is remembered for his sympathetic post-sentencing remarks to Bundy: Before entering the judiciary, Cowart served as a Miami police officer. He sat on the bench for 14 years, earning wide respect among Florida lawyers. He","R v Horncastle A panel of 7 judges sat in the case, including the President of the Supreme Court, Lord Phillips, the Lord Chief Justice, Lord Judge and the Master of the Rolls, Lord Neuberger. The court unanimously affirmed the decision of the Court of Appeal and dismissed the appeals of several defendants who were convicted on the basis of statements of absent witnesses. The case can be viewed as a direct response to the European Court of Human Rights ruling in \"Al-Khawaja v United Kingdom\" (2009) 1 EHRR 49 in which the facts were legally very similar. In this","Dominique Dunne heard all the evidence, they would have convicted Sweeney of murder. On the advice of Tina Brown, Dominick Dunne kept a journal during the trial. His journal writings were published in an article titled \"Justice: A Father's Account of the Trial of his Daughter's Killer\", which was featured in the March 1984 issue of \"Vanity Fair\". Judge Burton S. Katz, who presided over the case, transferred to the Juvenile Court in Sylmar, Los Angeles, shortly after the trial. He later admitted that some of his controversial rulings in Dunne's case \"pained\" him, but reiterated his belief that Sweeney should have","2013 and the building was again vandalized with graffiti. JBTZ trial The JBTZ trial or the JBTZ affair (), also known as the Ljubljana trial () or the Trial against the Four () was a political trial held in a military court in Slovenia, then part of Yugoslavia in 1988. The defendants, Janez Janša, Ivan Borštner, David Tasić and Franci Zavrl, were sentenced to between six months' and four years' imprisonment for \"betraying military secrets\", after being involved in writing and publishing articles critical of the Yugoslav People's Army. The trial sparked great uproar in Slovenia, and was an important","Politics of Croatia in Croatia; its hearings are open and judgments are made publicly, except in cases where the privacy of the accused is to be protected. Judges are appointed by the National Judicial Council and judicial office is permanent until seventy years of age. The president of the Supreme Court is elected for a four-year term by the Croatian Parliament at the proposal of the President of the Republic. As of 2011, the president of the Supreme Court is Branko Hrvatin. The Supreme Court has civil and criminal departments. The lower two levels of the three-tiered judiciary consist of county courts and","Ante Pavelić Ante Pavelić Ante Pavelić (; 14 July 1889 – 28 December 1959) was a Croatian general and military dictator who founded and headed the fascist ultranationalist organization known as the Ustaše in 1929 and governed the Independent State of Croatia (, NDH), a fascist Nazi puppet state built out of Yugoslavia by the authorities of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, from 1941 to 1945. Pavelić and the Ustaše persecuted many racial minorities and political opponents in the NDH during the war, including Serbs, Jews, Romani, and anti-fascist Croats. At the start of his career, Pavelić was a lawyer and a","Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was the Table of Seven (Latin: \"Tabula Septemviralis\", Croatian: \"Stol sedmorice\"). Tabula Banalis The Tabula Banalis () was the supreme court of Croatia. It was established in 1723 by Charles VI, ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy. The court was presided over by the Ban of Croatia or by his deputy. For more important trials it was the first instance court, and served as the court of appeal for verdicts of the county courts (for counties (comitatus) of Croatia and Slavonia). In 1850 it became the appellate court for all courts in Croatia and Slavonia, including the Land","Supreme Court of Croatia and in Split - have been retained as separate courts - the Municipal Misdemeanour Court in Zagreb and the Municipal Misdemeanour Court in Split), also former Municipal Court in Zagreb has been divided into three courts: the Municipal Civil Court in Zagreb, the Municipal Criminal Court in Zagreb and the Municipal Labour Court in Zagreb. Supreme Court basic duties: The President of the Supreme Court is elected and relieved of duty by the Croatian Parliament at the proposal of the President of the Republic and following a prior opinion of the Parliament's Justice Committee and the Plenary Session of the","Magnate conspiracy 10 years. In Croatia, where Petar Zrinski had been a ban (viceroy) during the conspiracy, there would not be any new bans of Croatian origin for next 60 years. Petar Zrinski and Francesco Cristoforo Frangipani (Fran Krsto Frankopan) were ordered to the Emperor's Court. The note said that, as they had ceased their rebellion and had repented soon enough, they would be given mercy from the Emperor if they would plead for it. They were arrested the moment they arrived in Vienna and put on trial. They were held in Wiener Neustadt and beheaded on April 30, 1671. Nádasdy was","Mladen Markač a three-to-two majority opinion, the appeals panel rendered a not guilty verdict on 16 November 2012. The presiding judge was Theodor Meron, who proclaimed the verdict. The previous verdict sentenced him to 18 years in prison, while Ante Gotovina was sentenced to 24 years. Both were accused of being part of the \"criminal enterprise\", but Meron concluded that \"there was no such conspiracy\". The night before, candle-lit vigils were held across Croatia, including at Roman Catholic churches, while several thousand people were expected to watch a live 9:00 broadcast on a giant screen in Zagreb's Ban Jelačić Square. A leader"],"string":"[\n \"Lady in the Lake trial original trial, it is hoped the conviction will be quashed and a retrial ordered... Upon his conviction, Mr Park's family and friends launched a campaign to clear his name, claiming there was no single piece of evidence that pointed indisputably to him. Representing Park in the appeal was solicitor Rob Rode and Simon Bourne-Arton QC. They did not initially reveal what the new evidence was, only that it \\\"was not available at the original trial\\\" and that it was \\\"very strong and significant\\\". Cumbria Constabulary released a statement saying: Detectives from Cumbria Constabulary carried out a full and thorough investigation\",\n \"did not have power to alter the law, but in practice the Edict altered the rights and duties of individuals and was effectively a legislative document. In the reign of Hadrian, however, the terms of the Edict were made permanent and the Praetor's \\\"de facto\\\" legislative role was abolished. The Praetors also presided at the \\\"quaestiones perpetuae\\\" (which were criminal proceedings), so-called because they were of certain types, with a Praetor being assigned to one type on a permanent basis. The Praetors appointed judges who acted as jurors in voting for guilt or innocence. The verdict was either acquittal or\",\n \"Dora Trial forced labor on the late internment engineer Albin Sawatzki, who had died in American detention in 1945. Furthermore, he pointed to his cooperation with the U.S. Air Force (USAF) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. In closing arguments, prosecutor Berman argued for the death penalty for all defendants, because if a consistent interpretation of \\\"Common Design\\\" were applied then they were all mass murderers. The defense did well in their closing arguments. They insisted on the non-application of \\\"Common Design\\\" and asked the court to consider only those crimes that could be individually proven. Poullada appealed that the military court use\",\n \"Martha Needle being served a cup of tea, Herman literally \\\"blew the whistle\\\", summoning detectives who arrived as Martha was struggling with Herman to upset the tea cup, which was found to contain enough arsenic to kill five people. Martha was charged with attempted murder. The body of Louis Juncken, interred in Lyndoch, South Australia was exhumed and samples sent to Melbourne. The bodies of Henry Needle and the three girls, interred in Kew, were also exhumed. All five bodies were found to contain fatal levels of arsenic and Martha was charged with the murder of Louis Juncken. The trial lasted three\",\n \"Capitol Square Review & Advisory Board v. Pinette would violate the Establishment Clause,\\\" on the same day that they approved the display of a menorah on the square. Pinette and the other Klansmen appealed this decision. Justice Antonin Scalia delivered the majority opinion of the court on June 22, 1995. He was joined by Justice Anthony Kennedy, Justice Stephen Breyer, and Chief Justice William Rehnquist. The court held that: Traditionally, the square had been recognized as a public forum by the general population and because the display of religion was purely private it could not violate the Establishment Clause. The Advisory Board was still responsible for the content\",\n \"John Michael D'Cunha John Michael D'Cunha was elevated as a Permanent Judge in the Karnataka High Court on 01.11.2018. He was appointed as an Additional Judge of the Karnataka High Court on 14.11.2016. On 27 September 2014 he convicted Jayalalithaa, then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, in her 18-year-old Disproportionate Asset case. He was appointed by the Supreme Court of India to the post in October 2013 as the fifth judge to investigate the case, replacing judge MS Balakrishna. D'Cunha was born in Gurpur, Kaikamba, from Mangalore. He studied at SDM Law College in Mangalore, where he also played volleyball.\",\n \"Imperia (statue) represent Pope Martin V and Emperor Sigismund. Martin V was elected during the Council while Sigismund was the king who called the council. Both are naked except for the crown and papal tiara, respectively, that they wear as symbols of their power. The statue refers to a short story by Balzac, \\\"\\\". The story is a harsh satire of the Catholic clergy's morals, where Imperia seduces cardinals and princes at the Council of Constance and has power over them all. The historical Imperia that served as the source material of Balzac's story was a well-educated Italian courtesan who died in\",\n \"Billy Mitchell General Charles P. Summerall, the president of the court. The case was then presided over by Major General Robert Lee Howze. Among those who testified for Mitchell were Eddie Rickenbacker, Hap Arnold, Carl Spaatz, Ira Eaker, Robert Olds, Thomas George Lanphier Sr. and Fiorello La Guardia. The trial attracted significant interest, and public opinion supported Mitchell. However, the court found the truth or falsity of Mitchell's accusations to be immaterial to the charge and on December 17, 1925, found him \\\"guilty of all specifications and of the charge\\\". The court suspended him from active duty for five years without pay,\",\n \"the cult's participants. Vox in Rama Vox in Rama () is a papal bull issued by Pope Gregory IX in either 1232, 1233 or 1234 condemning a German heresy known as \\\"Luciferian\\\", a form of devil worship. The bull was issued to King Henry, son of Emperor Frederick II, in June 1233 and subsequently to Archbishop Siegfried III of Mainz demanding they use all efforts to stop the practice. The 13th century was a time of great superstition and saw the start of the \\\"demonisation of heretics\\\" by the Church, attributing their lack of belief in the Catholic faith to\",\n \"when, on a scaffold in front of Notre Dame, de Molay, Geoffroi de Charney, Master of Normandy, Hugues de Peraud, referred to as \\\"a visitor of France\\\", and Godefroi de Gonneville, Master of Aquitaine, were brought forth from the jail in which for nearly seven years they had lain, to receive the sentence agreed upon by the cardinals, in conjunction with the Archbishop of Sens and some other prelates whom they had called in. Considering the offences which the culprits had confessed and confirmed, the penalty imposed was in accordance with rule—that of perpetual imprisonment. The affair was supposed to\",\n \"The Staircase authorities disbelieved Peterson's story that Kathleen had fallen while drunk and concluded instead that he had bludgeoned her to death, most likely with a fireplace poker that was discovered missing from the house. Peterson was soon charged with murder. The film details the ensuing case from the point of view of Peterson and his defense team, led by David Rudolf. During the trial, it is discovered that while Peterson was living in Germany, a family friend died from an intra-cerebral haemorrhage, followed by the body falling down stairs after collapsing, which resulted in similar head injuries to those sustained by\",\n \"Court of Castle Chamber and Charles I both issued commissions for the continuation of Castle Chamber. Like Star Chamber, it was seen increasingly by the Crown as a suitable instrument for enforcing a strong authoritarian government. Under Charles I, its powers were widened by the confirmation of its jurisdiction to hear cases brought by private litigants: this had long been in question, despite the fact that private cases made up a large part of the Court's work. Under Sir Arthur Chichester (Lord Deputy 1605–1616) Castle Chamber instituted a campaign of persecution of Roman Catholics. All Catholic priests were ordered to leave the country at\",\n \"Lough Mask Murders September 1882, he turned approver, that is, an informer, and named three men as responsible for the killings. Michael Flynn and Thomas Higgins of Middle Cloghbrack and Patrick Higgins (Long) of Upper Cloghbrack were charged with the murders. In four separate trials, one ending in a hung jury, in December 1882, all three men were found guilty and sentenced to death by Justice William O'Brien. Two days before his execution, Michael Flynn wrote a detailed confession of his role in the murders and exonerated Mathias Kerrigan. However, Flynn did not exonerate the two men who had also been convicted. The\",\n \"Trsat in Loreto, where it still stands today as a shrine. According to one version the Holy House was brought from the Holy Land by the Crusaders. Prince Nikola Frankopan sent a delegation to Nazareth to measure the foundations as he had presumably only the stones in his possession and not the whole walls. He rebuilt the Holy House and the Frankopan Family then gave the Holy House to the Pope and, as the nearest Papal lands were near Ancona, the House was shipped there and placed in Loreto. Tradition ascribes the building of the church to Prince Nikola I Frankopan\",\n \"Clarence Darrow Clarence Seward Darrow (; April 18, 1857 – March 13, 1938) was an American lawyer, a leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union, and a prominent advocate for Georgist economic reform. He defended high-profile clients in many famous trials of the early 20th century, including teenage thrill killers Leopold and Loeb for murdering 14-year-old Robert \\\"Bobby\\\" Franks (1924); teacher John T. Scopes in the Scopes \\\"Monkey\\\" Trial (1925), in which he opposed statesman and orator William Jennings Bryan; and Ossian Sweet in a racially charged self-defense case (1926). Called a \\\"sophisticated country lawyer\\\", Darrow's wit and eloquence\",\n \"Joseph Wright Harriman considered a masterpiece, and is the subject of a chapter of the revised edition of Francis Wellman's book \\\"The Art of Cross-Examination\\\". On November 24, 1933, Judge Caffey found Harriman competent to stand trial. The jury trial did not begin until May 1934. Harriman and a co-defendant, Harriman Bank vice-president Albert M. Austin, were tried together. Victims of the alleged fraud, including movie stars Constance Talmadge and Peggy Hopkins Joyce, appeared to testify that they had not consented to the withdrawals from their accounts that the defendants arranged. After five weeks of testimony, the jury deliberated only two hours before\",\n \"Trials of the Knights Templar The leader, Templar Grand Master Jacques de Molay, and Hughes de Pairaud, a Templar, referred to in various documents as \\\"the visitor of France\\\", who was the collector of all of the royal revenues of France owing to the Order, were both arrested, as were many other Templars in France . Philip used his ministers and agents Guillaume de Nogaret and Enguerrand de Marigny who collected a list of charges against the Templars. Other witnesses were said to have been made up of expelled Templar members, previously removed for their misdeeds. Under the orders of the French king, they were\",\n \"of the French Order of Academic Palms. Furthermore, in 2007 she was awarded the Balzan Prize for International Law since 1945. Her competence has been recognised by many academic institutions, having received at least thirteen honorary doctorates, as well as the Yale Law School Award of Merit and also the Manley-O.-Hudson medal. Rosalyn Higgins, Baroness Higgins Rosalyn C. Higgins, Baroness Higgins, (born 2 June 1937, London) is a former President of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). She was the first female judge elected to the ICJ, and was elected President in 2006. Her term of office expired on 6\",\n \"Zlatni dvori Petar's father Vinko (Milan Štrljić), is a business partner with Nikola (Robert Kurbaša), master of estate Ana is working on, and Fedor (Marko Torjanac), father of Petar's fiancée, very spoiled rising singer Nera (Petra Kraljev). Ana lives with father Antun (Darko Milas), and grandfather Joza (Duško Valentić). One day, there was a wedding in Nikola's and his sister's restaurant, and Petar was on it. Ana left the restaurant and went to see her mare, Plamenka, and Petar followed her. Ana accidentally pushed him in droppings, and he went to Joza to clean his trousers. But then, a fire broke out\",\n \"Scottsboro Boys and prosecutor wanted to speed the nine trials to avoid violence, so the first trial took a day and a half, and the rest took place one right after the other, in just one day. The judge had ordered the Alabama bar to assist the defendants, but the only attorney who volunteered was Milo Moody, a 69-year-old attorney who had not defended a case in decades. The judge persuaded Stephen Roddy, a Chattanooga, Tennessee, real estate lawyer, to assist him. Roddy admitted he had not had time to prepare and was not familiar with Alabama law, but agreed to aid\",\n \"Dorian Lord Peter Janssen (Jeff Pomerantz), she succeeds in preventing Victor from revealing the truth. Soon, a second stroke sends Victor back to the hospital. Victor is then able to summon the strength to ask Dr. Jim Craig (Nat Polen) to bring Viki to his room, much to Dorian's distress. However, once Viki arrives, Victor is only able to utter the words \\\"...Dorian...phone...lawyer...\\\" before collapsing. Under mysterious circumstances, and with Dr. Craig in the room, Victor dies June 16, 1976 without telling children Viki or Tony the truth about his wife's trickery. In the wake of Victor's questionable death, Dorian is named\",\n \"Bahadur Shah Zafar Delhi Gate. Severed heads of his three sons and grandson were brought before him. Many male members of his family were killed by Company forces. Other surviving members of the Mughal dynasty were imprisoned or exiled. The trial was a consequence of the Sepoy Mutiny and lasted for 41 days, had 19 hearings, 21 witnesses and over a hundred documents in Persian and Urdu, with their English translations, were produced in the court. At first the trial was suggested to be held at Calcutta, the place where Directors of East India company used to their sittings in connection with their\",\n \"Jadranka Kosor Jadranka Kosor (; born 1 July 1953) is a Croatian politician and former journalist who served as the Prime Minister of Croatia from 2009 to 2011, having taken office following the sudden resignation of her predecessor Ivo Sanader. Kosor was the first and so far only woman to become Prime Minister of Croatia since independence. However, she is the third woman in Croatian post-World War II history to hold an office equivalent to a head of government, after Savka Dabčević-Kučar and Ema Derossi-Bjelajac, who held the office of Chairman of the Executive Council (Prime Minister) and headed the\",\n \"Deptford report on Marlowe's death in the Public Record Office which gave fuller details. Marlowe had spent all day in a house owned by the widow Eleanor Bull, along with three men, Ingram Frizer, Nicholas Skeres and Robert Poley. Witnesses testified that Frizer and Marlowe had earlier argued over the bill, exchanging \\\"divers malicious words.\\\" Later, while Frizer was sitting at a table between the other two and Marlowe was lying behind him on a couch, Marlowe snatched Frizer's dagger and began attacking him. In the ensuing struggle, according to the coroner's report, Marlowe was accidentally stabbed above the right eye,\",\n \"Marie Lafarge Marie-Fortunée Lafarge (née Capelle; 15 January 1816 – 7 November 1852) was a Frenchwoman who was convicted of murdering her husband by arsenic poisoning in 1840. Her case became notable, because it was one of the first trials to be followed by the public through daily newspaper reports, and because she was the first person convicted largely on direct forensic toxicological evidence. However, questions about her guilt had divided French society to the extent that it is often compared to the better-known Dreyfus affair. Marie Lafarge was born in Paris in 1816, the daughter of an artillery officer.\",\n \"William P. Bryant Justice Bryant began the trial on October 1, 1849, at Fort Steilacoom after a grand jury returned indictments for all six. The outcome was that two, Kussus and Quallalwowt, were convicted of the murder and sentenced to hanging on October 2. On October 3, the two were hanged by U.S. Marshal Joseph L. Meek. The total cost of the trial was $2,379.54, which included the cost of the 80 blankets. Former judge of the Provisional Government of Oregon and later justice on the Oregon Supreme Court, Alonzo A. Skinner was brought with Bryant to serve as the prosecutor. The next\",\n \"Roman Rota because the judges, called \\\"auditors\\\", originally met in a round room to hear cases. The Rota was established in the 13th century. The Pope appoints the auditors of the Rota and designates one of them the dean. On Saturday, September 22, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation as Dean, for reasons of age, of Bishop Antoni Stankiewicz, and appointed in his place Msgr. Pio Vito Pinto, until then serving as a prelate Auditor of the Court of first instance. The Rota issues its decrees and sentences in Latin. The Rota adjudicates cases in a panel (called a \\\"Turnus\\\") of\",\n \"Midnight Judges Act Secretary of State James Madison refused to process Marbury's selection, Marbury requested a writ of mandamus, which would force Madison to make his appointment official. Chief Justice John Marshall declared that the Supreme Court did not have the authority to force Madison to make the appointment official. This statement actually challenged the Judiciary Act of 1789, which stated that the Supreme Court did, in fact, have the right to issue those writs. Marshall, therefore, ruled that part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional because the Constitution did not expressly grant this power to the judiciary. In deciding the constitutionality\",\n \"that the act of digging out an old murder FIR lodged against Bhutto was actually done as a last-ditch effort to implicate the fallen prime minister. The above description is not entirely true. Maulvi Mushtaq Hussain Maulvi Mushtaq Hussain was a Pakistani jurist who served as chief justice of the high court of Lahore. He presided over the trial of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, during the proceedings in the Pakistani high court. In September 1978, two months after Gen Zia toppled the Bhutto regime in a military coup earlier in July, the three-year-old FIR of the Kasuri murder was dug out\",\n \"Sodom, or the Quintessence of Debauchery time about the king's real motive in pushing religious toleration. \\\"Sodom\\\" is popularly classified as closet drama, which means it has not had a major performance for centuries. The play was publicly performed in 1986 for six weekends at Broom Street Theater in Madison, Wisconsin. \\\"Sodom\\\" was revived at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 2011 by the Movement Theatre Company, in what is described as a \\\"reconstructed\\\" version. In the film \\\"The Libertine\\\", Johnny Depp, as Rochester, is seen staging \\\"Sodom\\\" in front of an outraged Charles II, with Rochester taking the role of the King of Sodom. Sodom, or\",\n \"a court. She paid £40 to hire a house. Whilst she was in Jedburgh she heard that James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell lay injured at Hermitage Castle. She took a hazardous journey to see him and returned ill from the experience. She was said to have later noted that she should have died in Jedburgh. She didn't die but she was forced to abdicate and she went to escape to England where she was imprisoned and much later executed. For the last thirty years Queen Mary's House has told this story. The building is open to the public and\",\n \"Thalia Massie Fortescue, was deeply disturbed by the release of the defendants and many U.S. Navy personnel at Pearl Harbor were outraged. A short time later, Joseph Kahahawai was abducted when leaving the courthouse after a probation hearing and was found, shot dead, in the back seat of Grace Fortescue's car. Defended by attorney Clarence Darrow of the Scopes Monkey Trial fame, Fortescue, Thalia's husband Thomas Massie, and two Navy sailors were eventually tried and convicted of manslaughter in the death of Kahahawai. Originally sentenced to 10 years, their sentence was commuted to one hour in the executive chambers of Governor Lawrence\",\n \"Magdalena Solís over the sect. Under her leadership, the rituals became more grisly and perverse as Solís became enamored of consuming blood and sadomasochism. By the time Solís took over the cult, two members who had grown tired of the sexual abuse expressed a desire to leave the group. They were brought before Solís, who demanded that they be put to death. The two members were lynched by the terrified adherents. After these first two murders, Solís' pathology evolved. Instead of simple orgies, she began to demand human sacrifices. She devised a \\\"blood ritual\\\" in which the sacrificed (typically a dissenter) was\",\n \"Pan Am Flight 103 six weeks to submit the full grounds of the appeal. These were considered by a judge sitting in private who decided to grant Megrahi leave to appeal. The only basis for an appeal under Scots law is that there has been a \\\"miscarriage of justice\\\", which is not defined in statute and so it is for the appeal court to determine the meaning of these words in each case. Because three judges and one alternate judge had presided over the trial, five judges were required to preside over the Court of Criminal Appeal: In what was described as a milestone\",\n \"Josephine Bakhita convent of Schio in 1969. A young student once asked Bakhita: \\\"What would you do, if you were to meet your captors?\\\" Without hesitation she responded: \\\"If I were to meet those who kidnapped me, and even those who tortured me, I would kneel and kiss their hands. For, if these things had not happened, I would not have been a Christian and a religious today\\\". The petitions for her canonisation began immediately, and the process officially commenced by Pope John XXIII in 1959, only twelve years after her death. On 1 December 1978, Pope John Paul II declared Josephine\",\n \"Anna Bolena can avoid being put to death by admitting guilt. Anna says that she will not buy her life with infamy. She expresses the hope that her successor will wear a crown of thorns. Jane admits that she is to be the successor. Anna tells her to leave, but says that Henry VIII alone is the guilty one. Jane leaves, deeply upset. \\\"Scene Two: Antechamber leading into the hall where the Council of Peers is meeting\\\" Hervey tells courtiers that Anna is lost, because Smeaton has talked and has revealed a crime. Henry VIII enters. Hervey says that Smeaton has fallen\",\n \"Vehmic court The Vehmic courts, Vehmgericht, holy vehme, or simply Vehm, also spelt Feme, Vehmegericht, Fehmgericht, are names given to a \\\"proto-vigilante\\\" tribunal system of Westphalia in Germany active during the later Middle Ages, based on a fraternal organisation of lay judges called “free judges” ( or ). The original seat of the courts was in Dortmund. Proceedings were sometimes secret, leading to the alternative titles of “secret courts” (), “silent courts” (), or “forbidden courts” (). After the execution of a death sentence, the corpse could be hung on a tree to advertise the fact and deter others. The\",\n \"Trial of Yolanda Saldívar The jury included seven white Americans, four Hispanics, and one African American. Westergren ordered that the trial would neither be televised nor taped and limited the number of reporters in the courtroom to avoid a \\\"repeat of the Simpson circus\\\". The trial began on October 11. In his opening statement, Valdez claimed that Saldívar \\\"deliberately killed Selena\\\", calling the act \\\"senseless and cowardly\\\" because Selena had been shot in the back. Valdez called the incident a \\\"simple case of murder\\\". Tinker opened his statement as though he was \\\"describing a mystery movie\\\" calling Quintanilla, Jr. a \\\"controlling and dominating father,\",\n \"of \\\"Edison v. USA, et al.,\\\" No. 14-15472 and \\\"Nuwintore v. USA, et al.\\\", No. 14-17546 (9th Cir. 2016) - the decision is available here. Ian Wallach is counsel to the family of Dontre Hamilton who was shot 14 times by police officer Christopher Manney who woke Hamilton from a nap in Red Arrow Park Milwaukee. No charges were brought against Christopher Manney for killing Dontre Hamilton. But Christopher Manney was fired for engaging in an unlawful pat-town of Hamilton. Manney appealed that decision to the Milwaukee Fire and Police Commission, who upheld the decision to terminate him. Christopher Manney\",\n \"and described her character as \\\"evil, malevolent, and treacherous\\\". On various occasions he called her the \\\"Queen of the Night,\\\" referring to the villainess of Mozart's famous opera \\\"The Magic Flute. There were others who shared Beethoven's view. Jakob Hotschevar, who had served as Karl's legal guardian, refused in 1830 to become the guardian of Johanna's daughter Ludovika. He informed the court that because of Johanna's \\\"far from praiseworthy moral conduct\\\" he simply did not want to have any further contacts with her. Johanna van Beethoven Johanna van Beethoven (née Reiß [Reiss]; 1786–1869) was the sister-in-law of the composer Ludwig\",\n \"The whole of his statement is in \\\"The Trial of the Catonsville Nine\\\". Large demonstrations occurred outside the Federal Courthouse on Calvert Street during the trial. The trial came soon after the events of the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago where considerable violence took place. The Nine's trial, with religious people involved, made the overall peace movement a bit harder to dismiss since protesters in Chicago consisted of younger, student and SDS, Weather Underground, and youths with long hair. Both the judge, Roszel C. Thomsen, and the prosecutor, Stephen H. Sachs, realized the historic proportions of the event but\",\n \"with the defense of W.D. Lyons. Spell was portrayed by Sterling K. Brown in the movie Marshall. Trial of Joseph Spell The trial of Joseph Spell, State of Connecticut v. Joseph Spell, was a 1940 legal case in which an African-American chauffeur was accused of raping the wealthy white woman who was his boss, Eleanor Strubing. The accusations and trial made sensational headlines. Spell was represented by Samuel Friedman and Thurgood Marshall. The case featured in the 2017 film \\\"Marshall\\\". Spell, who was African-American, worked as a chauffeur for a wealthy White woman. After 17 hours of questioning, Spell confessed\",\n \"Republika Srpska (1992–95) 1992–1995 Bosnian war. In 1993, the United Nations Security Council created the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) at The Hague for the purpose of bringing to justice persons allegedly responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law in the territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1991. On 24 July 1995, the Hague Tribunal indicted Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić on charges of genocide and crimes against humanity; on 14 November 1995, both men were indicted again on charges specific to the Srebrenica massacre. On 2 August 2001, the Hague Tribunal found General-Major Radislav Krstić, the commander of\",\n \"Murder of the Grimes sisters been subjected to sexual assaults throughout their period of captivity, adding that the autopsy conducted upon Patricia Grimes had discovered semen within the vaginal fluid swathed from her body, and that curdled milk had also been found in Barbara Grimes' stomach, when she is not known to have drunk milk either at her home or at the cinema on the evening of December 28. The chief investigator of the Cook County coroner's office, Harry Glos, strongly believed an official suspect in the case named Edward Bedwell had been the individual who had committed the sisters' murder. Glos asserted the wound\",\n \"Palace of Justice siege of the Supreme Court, Chief Justice Alfonso Reyes Echandía. In the meantime many hostages took refuge in empty offices on the first floor, where they hid until around 2 pm. The assailants took 300 people hostage, including the 24 justices and 20 other judges. Once in the building the first hostage the guerrilla group was asking for was Supreme Court Justice and President of the Constitutional Court, then called \\\"Sala Constitucional\\\", Manuel Gaona Cruz, who was in charge of delivering the opinion of the court in regards to the constitutionality of the extradition treaty between Colombia and the United States.\",\n \"Death and funeral of Otto von Habsburg – Prince Luitpold of Bavaria, and others House of Habsburg – Karl of Austria, Georg of Austria, Andrea of Austria, Monika of Austria, Michaela of Austria, Gabriela of Austria, Walburga of Austria, and others – Cardinal Christoph Schönborn participated as Pope Benedict XVI's personal representative; he will also preside over the requiem in Vienna Archbishops of central European and Balkan countries that once formed the Austro-Hungarian empire. Many dignitaries attended the funeral in Vienna on 16 July. In total, around 1,000 invited guests were present, among them many royals, nobles, heads of state and government representatives. House of Habsburg (former\",\n \"Edict of Torda The co-existence of the four \\\"received\\\" (or officially recognized) denominationsthe Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Calvinist, and Unitarian Churcheswas not questioned. The Orthodox Church was not regarded as a received religion, but its existence was also officially recognized. Gabriel Báthory, who ruled from 1608 to 1613, exempted the Orthodox priests from all feudal obligations and secured their right to free movement. His successor, Gabriel Bethlen, confirmed this decree in 1614. He also allowed the Jesuits to return to Transylvania and settled about 200 Anabaptist Hutterites (who were persecuted in all of Europe) in the principality. He also granted special privileges to the\",\n \"Court Judge Adrian Hardiman criticised the methods used by Operation Yewtree, particularly the treatment of Paul Gambaccini, as well as the investigations of Cliff Richard and the Midland cases of Leon Brittan and Edwin Bramall, for what he described as the radical undermining of the presumption of innocence. A report by Sir Richard Henriques into the Metropolitan Police's sexual abuse investigations was critical of the handling of Operation Midland but reserved praise for Operation Yewtree. Gambaccini, Bramall and Harvey Proctor, who had been investigated by Operation Midland, sued the Metropolitan Police for £3m in February 2017. In November 2018, Gambaccini\",\n \"Novi Sad raid centres. Many died during their interrogation. Temperatures reached . Victims were brought to an area known as the Štrand, along the Danube, and shot with machine guns. Their killers then broke up the frozen river's ice sheets with artillery fire and tossed the bodies into the water. According to another account, the victims were forced to tread the ice sheets, which were then shattered by shelling from the shore, causing them to fall into the freezing water and drown. The killings only ceased after four days, when the city's Lord Lieutenant, László Deák, bypassed the curfew and alerted the authorities\",\n \"The Case of Lena Smith the suffering she has endured has been in vain. Esther Ralston as Lena Smith <br> James Hall as Warrant Officer Franz Hofrat<br> Gustav von Seyffertitz as Herr Hofrat<br> Emily Fitzroy as Frau Hofrat<br> Fred Kohler as Stephan<br> Betty Aho as Stephan's sister<br> Lawrence Grant as Commissioner <br> Alex Woloshin as Janitor<br> Ann Brody as Janitor's wife Elements of the film's narrative and creative character have been reconstructed from archival material from multiple sources, including the Paramount film files. The main story of the movie unfolds in Vienna of 1894 (the year of von Sternberg's birth) during a period which saw\",\n \"Lizzie Borden evidence during the trial and presented on June 5, 1893. Upon seeing them in the courtroom, Lizzie fainted. Evidence was excluded that Lizzie had sought to purchase prussic acid, purportedly for cleaning a sealskin cloak, from a local druggist on the day before the murders. The judge ruled that the incident was too remote in time to have any connection. The presiding Associate Justice, Justin Dewey (who had been appointed by Robinson when he was governor), delivered a lengthy summary that supported the defense as his charge to the jury before it was sent to deliberate on June 20, 1893.\",\n \"Sarah Maria Cornell the Methodist Church, were led by former United States Senator and New Hampshire Attorney General Jeremiah Mason. The trial lasted 27 days. Under Rhode Island law at the time, defendants in capital cases were not permitted to offer testimony in their own defense, so Avery did not get the opportunity to speak. However, both the prosecution and the defense called a large number of witnesses to testify, 68 for the prosecution, and 128 for the defense. Although the defense maintained that Avery had not been present when the murder occurred, the larger part of the defense strategy was to call\",\n \"Death of JonBenét Ramsey year. John and Patsy Ramsey were sued in two defamation lawsuits arising from the publication of their book, \\\"The Death of Innocence\\\". These suits were brought by two persons named in the book who were said to have been investigated by Boulder police as suspects in the case. The Ramseys were defended in those lawsuits by Lin Wood and three other Atlanta attorneys, James C. Rawls, Eric P. Schroeder, and S. Derek Bauer. They obtained the dismissal of both lawsuits, including an in-depth decision by U.S. District Court Judge Julie Carnes that \\\"abundant evidence\\\" in the murder case pointed to\",\n \"William Cosby Justice Lewis Morris, aware of public opinion, dismissed Cosby's case on legal grounds on 9 April 1733. Cosby retaliated by removing Morris from office. He also dismissed Van Dam from the provincial council and named loyalist James De Lancey the new chief justice. Afterwards, Morris justified his decision in \\\"The New York Weekly Journal\\\", an opposition newspaper. This episode was significant both because it was the precursor to the Zenger trial and because it augmented Cosby's reputation for arbitrary, tyrannical rule. Meanwhile, Cosby secured an adequate salary for himself by refusing to call for new elections to the New York\",\n \"Birgit Fladager against Fladager for District Attorney in 2014. A preliminary hearing went 18 months, breaking the record for preliminary hearing length. The record was formerly held by the McMartin Preschool case. Charged Defendants and outcomes as of October 18, 2018: Frank Carson: Charged with first degree murder with special circumstance of lying in wait, conspiracy to commit obstruction of justice, . Released on own recognizance due to evidence handling failures. Currently on trial for murder. Georgia DeFelippo, Carson's wife: Charged with first degree murder with special circumstance of lying in wait. Case was thrown out by court for lack of probable\",\n \"R v Wallace his intellectual hobbies of chess, botany and chemistry gave the impression to some of a cold, calculating killer who had contrived to commit the perfect murder. Wallace was tried at St. George's Hall at the Assizes in April, 1931. Edward Hemmerde, KC led for the Crown, assisted by Leslie Walsh. Roland Oliver, KC, assisted by Sydney Scholefield Allen, led for the Defence (instructed by solicitor Hector Munro of H.J. Davis, Berthen and Munro). During cross-examination it became clear that the police surgeon had blundered, in not taking temperature to ascertain the time of death, and the Police had allowed the\",\n \"Amanda Knox common in the US system. Unless the defendant opts for a fast track trial (a relatively inquisitorial procedure), murder trials are heard by a Corte d'Assise, which is less likely to exclude evidence as prejudicial than a US court. Two presiding professional trial judges, who also vote on the verdict, are expected to correct any bias of the six lay-judges during their deliberations. An acquittal can be appealed by the prosecution, and faulty application of legal principles in the judges' detailed report on their decision can be grounds for overturning the verdict. A defendant who gives evidence is not given\",\n \"Catholic Church response to the Medjugorje apparitions considers this judgement still operative. Traditionally, there have been one of three determinations with regard to apparitions: Until such time as the Vatican commission's findings are revealed and approved by the pope, the \\\"not determined\\\" ruling remains in effect. A commission on Medjugorje established in 2010 by Pope Benedict XVI and chaired by Cardinal Camillo Ruini voted 13-1 to confirm the supernatural origin of the first seven occurrences of the apparition only. In addition, Commission members also voted to recommend lifting the Vatican ban on official diocesan and parish pilgrimages to Medjugorje and for turning the town’s parish Church of\",\n \"Rachael Denhollander impose the maximum sentence under the plea agreement because everything is what these survivors are worth.\\\" In Ingham County, Judge Rosemarie Aquilina said Denhollander \\\"built an army of survivors\\\" and called her \\\"a five-star general.\\\" Aquilina also said Denhollander was \\\"the bravest person I have ever had in my courtroom.\\\" Denhollander has been bestowed with many honors for bringing Nassar to justice, including \\\"Time\\\" magazine naming her to its 2018 list of the world's 100 Most Influential People. On May 16, 2018 it was announced that the survivors of the USA Gymnastics sexual abuse scandal would be awarded the Arthur\",\n \"Miracle at St. Anna the \\\"Primavera\\\", accompanied by its new owner who takes out a rosary and reveals himself as an adult Angelo. They both hold Hector's rosary and happily burst into tears. John Turturro plays Detective Antonio \\\"Tony\\\" Ricci, who is charged with investigating a post office murder in 1983; Joseph Gordon-Levitt plays Tim Boyle, the investigative reporter assigned to cover the murder and subsequent discovery of an Italian artifact; and Kerry Washington plays Zana Wilder, a lawyer hired to represent the suspected post office murderer. Naomi Campbell was originally cast as Wilder in September 2007, but later pulled out due to scheduling\",\n \"Supreme Court of Cassation (Serbia) is in Belgrade. The court is composed of 24 judges, one of them being the President of the Court. The current Acting President of the Supreme Court of Cassation is Dragomir Milojević. The Supreme Land Court (Врховни суд земаљски) of the Principality of Serbia was formed in 1846 as the court of last resort by the decree of Prince Aleksandar Karađorđević. It was composed of the President and four judges. The president and the judges were appointed by the Prince on the recommendation of the Minister of Justice. This Court was a trial court, while the appeals were heard by\",\n \"Nikola Uzunović Foreign Minister Barthou at Marseille in October 1934. On 9 October, while the two was being slowly driven in a car through the streets a gunman — the Macedonian Velicko Kerin, a Bulgarian revolutionary wielding a handgun. stepped from the street and shot the King twice and the chauffeur with a Mauser C96 semiautomatic pistol. He died in the car, slumped backwards in the seat, with his eyes open. The assassination was planned in Rome by Ante Pavelić in August 1934. Pavelić was assisted by Georg Perčević, a former Austro-Hungarian military officer. France unsuccessfully requested the extraditions of both men.\",\n \"2011. In November 2012, he was sentenced to 10 years in prison in a first instance verdict, later reduced to years. However, his sentence was annulled by Croatia's Constitutional Court in 2015. With the exception of numerous Croatian officials who were sentenced to imprisonment during the existence of the socialist Yugoslavia, he is the first Croatian head of government and highest ranking state official to be tried and sentenced to a jail term. On October 22, 2018, Sanader was sentenced to 2 1/2 years in prison for war profiteering and must return $570,000 in kickbacks from Hypo Bank. Ivo Sanader\",\n \"Doktor Rej i đavoli didn't get a permission from their families to use them in the film. The character of Aleksa is Serbian film director Saša Petrović, the character of Zlatan is Serbian writer Slobodan Selenić, while Ivica is Croatian film producer Branko Lustig. The feature film (which is part of a larger project that also includes a yet to be made documentary and a yet to be released book) premiered on 4 March 2012 on the closing night of the 2012 FEST. The film goes into general theatrical release in Serbia from 27 September 2012. In 1964 the celebrated director Nicholas Ray, who\",\n \"Johann of Schwarzenberg Johann of Schwarzenberg (December 25, 1463 – October 21, 1528) (also Johann, Freiherr von Schwarzenberg and Hohenlandsberg) was a German moralist and reformer who, as judge of the episcopal court at Bamberg, introduced a new code of evidence which amended the procedure then prevalent in Europe by securing for the accused a more impartial hearing. In 1507, at the direction of the Prince-Bishop of Bamberg, Georg Schenk von Limpurg, Schwarzenberg drew up the \\\"Halsgerichtsordnung\\\" (Procedure for the judgment of capital crimes) of Bamberg (also known as the \\\"Bambergensis\\\"). It was based on the humanistic school of Roman\",\n \"The Verona Trial Il processo di Verona (internationally released as The Verona Trial) is a 1963 Italian historical drama film directed by Carlo Lizzani. The film tells of the final phases of the Italian fascist regime, in particular the affair of the 1944 Verona trial, in which Galeazzo Ciano, Emilio De Bono, Giovanni Marinelli and other eminent Fascist officials were sentenced to death and almost immediately executed by a shooting detachment. For her portrayal of Edda Mussolini-Ciano, Silvana Mangano won the two major Italian film awards, the David di Donatello for Best Actress and the Silver Ribbon in the same\",\n \"Banski dvori Banski dvori (, \\\"Ban's\\\" Court) is a historical building on the west side of St. Mark's Square in Zagreb, Croatia. It served as the official residence of the Croatian Bans (viceroys) and is currently used by the Croatian Government. The Banski dvori is a two-story baroque building constructed by Ignaz Gyulai in the first half of the 19th century. It was the residence of Croatian bans from 1809 to 1918, hence the name \\\"Banski dvori\\\" (\\\"Ban's Court\\\"). During this period, it housed the Tabula Banalis and later the Royal Court Table. Ban Josip Jelačić, for whom Ban Jelačić\",\n \"Richard Speck Paschen appointed an impartial panel to report on Speck's competence to stand trial and his sanity at the time of the crime — a panel of three physicians suggested by the defense and three physicians selected by the prosecution, consisting of five psychiatrists and one general surgeon. The panel's confidential report deemed Speck competent to stand trial and concluded he had not been insane at the time of the murders. While awaiting trial, Speck participated in twice-weekly sessions with part-time Cook County Jail psychiatrist, Dr. Marvin Ziporyn. These continued after Speck's transfer from Cermak Memorial Hospital (inside Chicago's House of\",\n \"Summis desiderantes affectibus of Dominican Inquisitor Heinrich Kramer for explicit authority to prosecute witchcraft in Germany, after he was refused assistance by the local ecclesiastical authorities, who maintained that as the letter of deputation did not specifically mention where the inquisitors may operate, they could not legally exercise their functions in their areas. The bull sought to remedy this jurisdictional dispute by specifically identifying the dioceses of Mainz, Köln, Trier, Salzburg, and Bremen. Innocent's Bull enacted nothing new. Its direct purport was to ratify the powers already conferred upon Kramer (also known as \\\"Henry Institoris\\\") and James Sprenger to deal with witchcraft as\",\n \"Maxi Trial one of these absent defendants.) Among the defendants were all major Mafia bosses, including Luciano Leggio, the head of the Corleonesi, who acted as his own lawyer; Michele Greco, the head of the Mafia Commission, who was arrested while the trial had already started; Giuseppe \\\"Pippo\\\" Calò and others. After several years of investigating by the Antimafia pool, the trial began on 10 February 1986. The presiding judge was Alfonso Giordano, flanked by two other judges who were 'alternates', should anything fatal happen to Giordano before the end of what was to be a lengthy trial. The charges faced by\",\n \"Leopold Mandić by John Paul II during the General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops on 16 October 1983. Leopold is hailed as the \\\"Apostle of Unity\\\". At the personal request of Pope Francis, Mandić's remains were brought to Rome for veneration during the 2015–2016 Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy. He and his fellow Capuchin friar, Pio of Pietrelcina, were designated as saint-confessors to inspire people to become reconciled to the Church and to God, by the confession of their sins. Their bodies were available for veneration, first at the Basilica of Saint Lawrence outside the Walls, administered by the Capuchin friars, then\",\n \"Goran Jelisić Croat civilians in the Luka camp and Brčko police station between May and June 1992, when she was a teenager. Her sentence was reduced to two-and-a-half years of prison in 2013. Goran Jelisić Goran Jelisić (; born 7 June 1968, Bijeljina, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia) is a Bosnian Serb war criminal who was found guilty of having committed crimes against humanity and for violating the customs of war by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) at the Luka camp in Brčko during the Bosnian War. He styled himself, and has been referred to in the media,\",\n \"Trial of Joseph Estrada son, Senator Jinggoy Estrada, and a lawyer Edward Serapio of plunder charges. The Fallo of the 262-page Decision declared the forfeiture in favor of the government: P542.701 million (bank accounts including interest), P189 million (Jose Velarde accounts including interest) and the Boracay mansion in New Manila, Quezon City. Only the fallo or dispositive part of two judgments were read (resulting to only 15 minutes judicial proceedings). During the reading of the judgment, witnesses said Joseph Estrada cried; his wife, Luisa Ejercito Estrada, Jackie Ejercito Lopez, San Juan Mayor Joseph Victor \\\"JV\\\" Ejercito, (Estrada's son with Guia Gomez), other family members\",\n \"In criminal courts, the Grand Mufti's recommendations are generally not binding either. Muftis are Muslim religious scholars who issue influential legal opinions (fatwas) interpreting Sharia (Islamic law). The Ottoman Empire began the practice of giving official recognition and status to a single mufti, above all others, as the Grand Mufti. The Grand Mufti of Istanbul had, since the late 16th century, come to be regarded as the head of the religious establishment. He was thus not only pre-eminent but bureaucratically responsible for the body of religious-legal scholars and gave legal rulings on important state policies such as the dethronement of\",\n \"High Court of Chivalry in each case. Sittings by these Commissioners became known as the High Court of Delegates by the time of the 1832 Act. Historically the court had two hereditary judges - the Duke of Norfolk as Earl Marshal of England, and the Duke of Buckingham as Lord High Constable of England - but in 1521 Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham was convicted of treason, stripped of his titles and offices, and executed. Since then the office of Lord High Constable of England has only been appointed to perform ceremonial duties during a Coronation and there has only been the Earl\",\n \"The Verdict of Perugia characters in order to make it possible to tell the story. The defense attorney in the play, Vincente Petroscaglia, is based on Carlo Dalla Vedova and Luciano Girgha, while prosecutor Dottoressa Carla Collodi (intentionally named after Pinocchio author Carlo Collodi), was based on both Giuliano Mignini and Manuela Comodi. The Play was written to be performed by seven live actors, all male and all female witnesses played by the same two actors. Amanda Marie Knox Raffaele Sollecito Judge Alessandro Nencini Vincente Petroscaglia, Defense Attorney Dr. Carla Collodi, Assistant Chief Prosecutor Of Perugia Meredith Kercher (Voice Over) Dr. Luca Lalli, pathologist\",\n \"was first publicly presented on March 27 at the Sarajevo City Hall by a team of artists and officials. According to the Research and Documentation Center, of the 11,541 people killed in the siege, 643 were children. Therefore, 643 of the chairs in Sarajevo Red Line were small - representing the slain children. On some, passers-by left teddy bears, little plastic cars, other toys or candy. The International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia (ICTY) sentenced two former Bosnian-Serb generals for overseeing the siege of Sarajevo. Stanislav Galić and Dragomir Milošević were both found guilty of terrorizing civilians in Sarajevo and\",\n \"Judiciary of Croatia the age of seventy. The Constitutional Court (\\\"Ustavni sud\\\") rules on matters regarding compliance of legislation with the constitution, repeals unconstitutional legislation, reports any breaches of provisions of the constitution to the government and the parliament, declares the speaker of the parliament acting president upon petition from the government in the event the country's president becomes incapacitated, issues consent for commencement of criminal procedures against or arrest of the president, and hears appeals against decisions of the National Judicial Council. It also resolves jurisdictional disputes between the legislative, executive and judicial branches, supervises the constitutionality of the programmes and activities\",\n \"Mihalj Kertes Mihalj Kertes (, , born 29 August 1947), nicknamed \\\"Braca\\\" or \\\"Bracika\\\", was a Yugoslav Serbian politician, minister, close associate and man of trust of President of FR Yugoslavia Slobodan Milošević. An ethnic Hungarian, member of the Communist Party since 1974, he became a supporter of Milošević in the late 1980s. As long-time director of Federal Customs Bureau of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Kertes provided logistic and financial support for various undercover government operations. During the 2000s, after the 5 October, Kertes was sentenced, tried or acted as a witness in several trials. Kertes was born in Bačka\",\n \"against her. In addition to political strife, there were religious differences as well since Protestantism spread into Hungary. In 1557, Isabella signed an edict granting freedom of religion to four denominations – Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists, and Unitarians. It was a pioneering move towards religious tolerance and an important step towards the Edict of Torda of 1568. Isabella is noted as the first European ruler to issue laws on religious tolerance. Isabella died of a long illness in September 1559, just three years after her return to Transylvania. Isabella Jagiellon Isabella Jagiellon (; ; 18 January 1519 – 15 September 1559)\",\n \"Angelina Napolitano she had until he woke to get some money. That afternoon, as Pietro slept in their top-floor apartment on James Street, Angelina took an axe and hit him four times in the neck and head, killing him. She immediately sought out a neighbour and confessed, adding \\\"I just killed a pig\\\", then waited for the police to come. They found her with her arms wrapped around her youngest child, and charged her with murder. The trial began on Monday, May 8, 1911, in Sault Ste. Marie, with Justice Byron Moffatt Britton presiding and Edmund Meredith as the crown attorney. When\",\n \"trial of camp commandant Höss which took place at the Supreme National Tribunal in Warsaw throughout March 1947 was the actual first ever Auschwitz trial, followed by the trials in Kraków several months later. The Supreme National Tribunal presiding in Kraków issued 23 death sentences, and 17 imprisonments ranging from life sentences to 3 years. All executions were carried out on January 28, 1948 at the Kraków Montelupich Prison, \\\"one of the most terrible Nazi prisons in occupied Poland\\\" used by Gestapo throughout World War II. Maria Mandel and Therese Brandl were the first to be executed. One person was\",\n \"Petar Svačić assembled an enormous force at the eastern foot of Mount Gvozd. The subsequent offensive was brutal and absolute, resulting in Petar's death. His heroism was commemorated in the renaming of Mount Gvozd to Petrova Gora (Peter's Mountain). Five years of negotiations between Croatia's remaining noblemen and Coloman followed thereafter. Finally, in 1102, an historic settlement was reached (Pacta Conventa) by which the Croats agreed to recognise Coloman as king. In return, he promised to maintain Croatia as a separate kingdom, not to settle Croatia with Hungarians, to guarantee Croatia's self-governance under a ban (royal governor), and to respect all the\",\n \"Pragmatic Sanction of 1712 the Croatian Parliament, and is recalled in the preamble of the Constitution of Croatia. Succession issues appeared on the accession of the childless King Charles III (also Holy Roman Emperor as Charles VI), the last male Habsburg, in 1711. Charles had privately agreed with his older brother and predecessor, King Joseph I, on the Mutual Pact of Succession in 1703. The Mutual Pact provided for female succession in the event of extinction of the male line, but gave precedence to the daughters of the older rather than surviving brother. Charles wished to secure his hereditary realms for his own daughter,\",\n \"Milan Martić Milan Martić Milan Martić (; born 18 November 1954) is a Croatian Serb convicted war criminal and former president of the unrecognized Republic of Serbian Krajina. He was a senior rebel commander of Serbian forces in Yugoslavia during the Croatian War of Independence. Martić was convicted of war crimes by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) on 12 June 2007 and sentenced to 35 years in prison. Martić was born on 18 November 1954 in the village of Žagrović, in the Knin municipality. He graduated from the Post-Secondary Police School in Zagreb and between 1976-81 worked as\",\n \"Murder of Joanna Yeates friends in the Netherlands started to raise funds for his court defence. Tabak initially maintained he was not responsible for Joanna Yeates' death, claiming that DNA evidence linking him to the crime had been fabricated by corrupt officials. However, on 8 February, he told Peter Brotherton, a prison chaplain, that he had killed her and intended to plead guilty. On 5 May 2011, Vincent Tabak pleaded guilty to the manslaughter of Yeates, but denied murdering her. His plea of guilty to manslaughter was rejected by the Crown Prosecution Service. On 20 September, Tabak appeared in person at a pre-trial hearing\",\n \"Majdanek trials Holocaust victims at death factories in Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka. Both SS men were charged with wholesale stealing from the Third Reich to become rich. Karl-Otto Koch (serving at Majdanek from July 1941 till August 24, 1942) was executed by firing squad on April 5, 1945; Hermann Florstedt, the third chief of Majdanek (from October 1942 on) was executed by the SS on April 15, 1945. Retreating Germans did not have time to destroy the facility. It remained the best preserved example of an Holocaust death camp in history, with intact gas chambers and crematoria. The advancing Soviets were shocked\",\n \"William Henry Bury before Lord Young in the High Court of Justiciary on 28 March. Bury's defence team comprised solicitor David Tweedie and advocate William Hay; the prosecution was led by advocate depute Dugald or Dill McKechnie. The hearing lasted 13 hours. The prosecution witnesses included Ellen's sister Margaret Corney, William's former employer James Martin, the Burys' London landlady Elizabeth Haynes, William's drinking partner David Walker, Lieutenant Lamb and Drs Templeman and Littlejohn. After a break for supper, Hay presented the defence case, which was heavily dependent on Dr Lennox's testimony that Ellen had strangled herself. At 10:05 p.m., Lord Young finished his\",\n \"Edward Cowart Edward D. Cowart (February 17, 1925 – August 3, 1987) was an American judge (Dade County Circuit Court Judge). He is best known as presiding judge at the trial of serial killer Ted Bundy, a one-time law student who was arrested for a series of murders from at least 1974 to 1978 and represented himself in court. Cowart imposed a death sentence, and is remembered for his sympathetic post-sentencing remarks to Bundy: Before entering the judiciary, Cowart served as a Miami police officer. He sat on the bench for 14 years, earning wide respect among Florida lawyers. He\",\n \"R v Horncastle A panel of 7 judges sat in the case, including the President of the Supreme Court, Lord Phillips, the Lord Chief Justice, Lord Judge and the Master of the Rolls, Lord Neuberger. The court unanimously affirmed the decision of the Court of Appeal and dismissed the appeals of several defendants who were convicted on the basis of statements of absent witnesses. The case can be viewed as a direct response to the European Court of Human Rights ruling in \\\"Al-Khawaja v United Kingdom\\\" (2009) 1 EHRR 49 in which the facts were legally very similar. In this\",\n \"Dominique Dunne heard all the evidence, they would have convicted Sweeney of murder. On the advice of Tina Brown, Dominick Dunne kept a journal during the trial. His journal writings were published in an article titled \\\"Justice: A Father's Account of the Trial of his Daughter's Killer\\\", which was featured in the March 1984 issue of \\\"Vanity Fair\\\". Judge Burton S. Katz, who presided over the case, transferred to the Juvenile Court in Sylmar, Los Angeles, shortly after the trial. He later admitted that some of his controversial rulings in Dunne's case \\\"pained\\\" him, but reiterated his belief that Sweeney should have\",\n \"2013 and the building was again vandalized with graffiti. JBTZ trial The JBTZ trial or the JBTZ affair (), also known as the Ljubljana trial () or the Trial against the Four () was a political trial held in a military court in Slovenia, then part of Yugoslavia in 1988. The defendants, Janez Janša, Ivan Borštner, David Tasić and Franci Zavrl, were sentenced to between six months' and four years' imprisonment for \\\"betraying military secrets\\\", after being involved in writing and publishing articles critical of the Yugoslav People's Army. The trial sparked great uproar in Slovenia, and was an important\",\n \"Politics of Croatia in Croatia; its hearings are open and judgments are made publicly, except in cases where the privacy of the accused is to be protected. Judges are appointed by the National Judicial Council and judicial office is permanent until seventy years of age. The president of the Supreme Court is elected for a four-year term by the Croatian Parliament at the proposal of the President of the Republic. As of 2011, the president of the Supreme Court is Branko Hrvatin. The Supreme Court has civil and criminal departments. The lower two levels of the three-tiered judiciary consist of county courts and\",\n \"Ante Pavelić Ante Pavelić Ante Pavelić (; 14 July 1889 – 28 December 1959) was a Croatian general and military dictator who founded and headed the fascist ultranationalist organization known as the Ustaše in 1929 and governed the Independent State of Croatia (, NDH), a fascist Nazi puppet state built out of Yugoslavia by the authorities of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, from 1941 to 1945. Pavelić and the Ustaše persecuted many racial minorities and political opponents in the NDH during the war, including Serbs, Jews, Romani, and anti-fascist Croats. At the start of his career, Pavelić was a lawyer and a\",\n \"Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was the Table of Seven (Latin: \\\"Tabula Septemviralis\\\", Croatian: \\\"Stol sedmorice\\\"). Tabula Banalis The Tabula Banalis () was the supreme court of Croatia. It was established in 1723 by Charles VI, ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy. The court was presided over by the Ban of Croatia or by his deputy. For more important trials it was the first instance court, and served as the court of appeal for verdicts of the county courts (for counties (comitatus) of Croatia and Slavonia). In 1850 it became the appellate court for all courts in Croatia and Slavonia, including the Land\",\n \"Supreme Court of Croatia and in Split - have been retained as separate courts - the Municipal Misdemeanour Court in Zagreb and the Municipal Misdemeanour Court in Split), also former Municipal Court in Zagreb has been divided into three courts: the Municipal Civil Court in Zagreb, the Municipal Criminal Court in Zagreb and the Municipal Labour Court in Zagreb. Supreme Court basic duties: The President of the Supreme Court is elected and relieved of duty by the Croatian Parliament at the proposal of the President of the Republic and following a prior opinion of the Parliament's Justice Committee and the Plenary Session of the\",\n \"Magnate conspiracy 10 years. In Croatia, where Petar Zrinski had been a ban (viceroy) during the conspiracy, there would not be any new bans of Croatian origin for next 60 years. Petar Zrinski and Francesco Cristoforo Frangipani (Fran Krsto Frankopan) were ordered to the Emperor's Court. The note said that, as they had ceased their rebellion and had repented soon enough, they would be given mercy from the Emperor if they would plead for it. They were arrested the moment they arrived in Vienna and put on trial. They were held in Wiener Neustadt and beheaded on April 30, 1671. Nádasdy was\",\n \"Mladen Markač a three-to-two majority opinion, the appeals panel rendered a not guilty verdict on 16 November 2012. The presiding judge was Theodor Meron, who proclaimed the verdict. The previous verdict sentenced him to 18 years in prison, while Ante Gotovina was sentenced to 24 years. Both were accused of being part of the \\\"criminal enterprise\\\", but Meron concluded that \\\"there was no such conspiracy\\\". The night before, candle-lit vigils were held across Croatia, including at Roman Catholic churches, while several thousand people were expected to watch a live 9:00 broadcast on a giant screen in Zagreb's Ban Jelačić Square. A leader\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":753,"string":"753"}}},{"rowIdx":96,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who did elisabeth röhm play in angel tv series"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["Angel (1999 TV series) recurring characters are Lilah Morgan (Seasons 1–4) and Lindsey McDonald (Seasons 1, 2 and 5), appearing in 36 and 21 episodes, respectively; Lindsey is the only character besides Angel to appear in both the first and last episode of the series. Angel's sire Darla (Julie Benz), first seen in \"Buffy\", plays in an expanded role on \"Angel\" and appears in 20 episodes over the course of the series. Elisabeth Röhm appears in 15 episodes (Seasons 1–2) as LAPD Detective Kate Lockley, a woman with an often-strained relationship with Angel. Throughout the series, there were also guest appearances from \"Buffy\" characters,"],"string":"[\n \"Angel (1999 TV series) recurring characters are Lilah Morgan (Seasons 1–4) and Lindsey McDonald (Seasons 1, 2 and 5), appearing in 36 and 21 episodes, respectively; Lindsey is the only character besides Angel to appear in both the first and last episode of the series. Angel's sire Darla (Julie Benz), first seen in \\\"Buffy\\\", plays in an expanded role on \\\"Angel\\\" and appears in 20 episodes over the course of the series. Elisabeth Röhm appears in 15 episodes (Seasons 1–2) as LAPD Detective Kate Lockley, a woman with an often-strained relationship with Angel. Throughout the series, there were also guest appearances from \\\"Buffy\\\" characters,\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["Inside Out (Angel) awestruck. The costume for Skip took three and a half hours to put on, and required an additional five hours of makeup. Although David Denman hated the process, he was \"surprised and very excited\" after learning that Skip was actually a villain. Julie Benz was called back to reprise her role as Darla, in her first and only scene with Vincent Kartheiser, who plays her character's son. \"I loved the dynamic between the two of them,\" Benz says. \"Darla really is the mother who gave up everything for her son and he doesn't appreciate it.\" To subtly emphasize that Darla","Bea Arthur and Dorothy's Sicilian mother, Sophia Petrillo (Estelle Getty). Getty was actually a year younger than Arthur in real life. The series was a hit, and remained a top-ten ratings fixture for six of its seven seasons. Her performance led to several Emmy nominations over the course of the series and an Emmy win in 1988. Arthur decided to leave the show after seven years, and in 1992 the show was moved from NBC to CBS and retooled as \"The Golden Palace\" in which the other three actresses reprised their roles, with Cheech Marin as their new foil. Arthur made a","Clara Seger unknown causes, which Seger struggled to cope with. She later, reluctantly, returned to the IRT in 2016. Brad had previously worked as criminalist for the IRT. Seger rejoined the team in the pilot episode due to her fluency in Thai, before deciding to rejoin the team full time. Seger is a Christian. The character was not introduced in the backdoor pilot on \"Criminal Minds\". She was conceived to replace international law expert and linguist Lily Lambert, portrayed by Anna Gunn. The producers, who felt that a cultural anthropologist was more vital to the show than Lily's legal background, transferred Gunn's","only now he's a puppet. When Puppet Angel explains to the group what happened, Fred tells the lab to start recording \"Smile Time\" so she can analyze it. Angel orders Lorne and Gunn to talk to the show's creator, Gregor Framkin, at the studio. Nina arrives and Puppet Angel ducks under his desk so she won't see him. She tries to ask him if everything's okay, but he abruptly tells her to leave. Spike arrives, and is shocked and amused to see that Angel is “a wee little puppet man,” which sends Spike into fits of hysterical laughter. Puppet Angel","Bela Talbot her soul's resulting descent into Hell—is inevitable, but not shown. Described by her actress, Lauren Cohan, as \"a female Humphrey Bogart\", Bela is \"a little bit manipulative\" and she \"always wants to be in control\". According to series creator Eric Kripke, the writers conceptualized the character as \"someone [the Winchesters have] really never come across before\" because, though she moves throughout the supernatural world, Bela has no interest in the \"altruistic or obsessed or revenge-minded motives of hunting\". Writer and producer Sera Gamble summarized the writing team's characterization of Bela as a greedy \"mercenary that \"[sic]\" just [doesn't] give a","April Lee Hernández stand-up comedy, she has also appeared in several commercials, as well as on the television series \"ER\", \"Law & Order\", and \"30 Rock\". In June 2010 she was cast for the American cult series \"Dexter\". She is known for her role in the 2007 drama \"Freedom Writers\", in which she played Eva, based on real-life high school student Maria Reyes. Hernandez has said that she was \"determined\" to be cast in \"Freedom Writers\". She admires Jennifer Lopez, and has stated that Lopez \"opened the door for me so that I don't have to take certain roles\" as a Hispanic-American actress.","the world into a utopian society without crime, under the alias of a literal human deity: \"Kira\", while being hunted down by an elite task-force of law enforcement officials within Seattle City, led by an enigmatic international detective known as L and his own father, veteran Seattle detective: James Turner. Margaret Qualley portrays Mia Sutton (based on the sociopathic qualities of Light Yagami), Light's girlfriend who assists him in his activities as \"Kira\". In this adaptation, Light has vast character differences from his manga counterpart and does not have a sister and has lost his mother in a hit and","Angela (comics) Angela is a fictional comic book superhero created by author Neil Gaiman and artist Todd McFarlane. She first appeared as a supporting antagonist in McFarlane's creator-owned series \"Spawn\", making her debut in issue #9 in March 1993, and later starring in her own self-titled miniseries. She is an angel and a bounty hunter, working under the auspices of Heaven to oppose Spawn. Angela was later the subject of a legal battle between McFarlane and Gaiman over the rights to the character, which Gaiman won. Gaiman later sold the rights to the character to Marvel Comics; she was integrated","Angela Franklin Angela Franklin is a fictional demonic killer from the \"Night of the Demons\" series of films. She is the only character to have appeared in every film in the series. Created by screenwriter Joe Augustyn and portrayed by actress Amelia Kinkade in three films between 1988 and 1997, she is a young woman possessed by a demon, and attacks her victims if they enter the property of Hull House. Angela is commonly identified by her black wedding dress, seductive, trance-seducing erotic dancing. But then just as quickly her disfigured face, burnt flesh caused by obsession of setting various","Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 2) is right. Impatient with the ritualistic attitude of the Order of Aurelius, Spike kills the Anointed One and becomes the more informal leader of Sunnydale's vampire society. Meanwhile, love is in the air for the members of the Scooby Gang as Buffy and Angel fall deeply in love, Xander Harris (Nicholas Brendon) and Cordelia Chase (Charisma Carpenter) begin an unlikely relationship, Willow Rosenberg (Alyson Hannigan) finds romance in the form of guitarist Daniel \"Oz\" Osbourne (Seth Green) and even Rupert Giles (Anthony Stewart Head) begins to further his relationship with computer science teacher turned techno-pagan Jenny Calendar (Robia LaMorte). Although","Frances Conroy anthology series, in which each season would be completely different with new characters each season. During this time, Conroy was nominated for a fifth Primetime Emmy Award in the Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie category. For the second season, dubbed \"\", Conroy re-joined the cast playing The Angel of Death in a multi-episode arc. And in 2013, she guest starred on \"Royal Pains\"; portraying Blythe Ballard. She also co-starred in the television movie \"Ring of Fire\", where she played Maybelle Carter. Conroy was once more cast for \"American Horror Story\"'s third season during this time, \"\",","Charlotte Rampling appeared as Helena in the dance drama \"StreetDance 3D\" and the nun Mary in \"The Mill and the Cross\" with Michael York and Rutger Hauer. In 2011, she appeared in Lars Von Trier's \"Melancholia.\" For her role in the 2012 miniseries \"Restless,\" Rampling was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award. In 2013, she appeared as Dr. Evelyn Vogel in the final season of \"Dexter.\" Rampling also appeared as Alice in the drama \"Jeune et Jolie\" and the elderly Adriana do Prado in \"Night Train to Lisbon.\" Other television roles include the ITV drama \"Broadchurch\"","E/R hospital setting. Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (Elliott Gould) Twice-divorced Otolaryngologist (his wives were named Phyllis and Sheila) and father of two (David and Jenny), who—in order to keep up his alimony payments to said ex-wives—worked long hours at Clark Street Hospital's emergency room. Despite his joking nature and his constant womanizing, he is a compassionate and well-respected doctor. Dr. Eve Sheridan (Marcia Strassman in the pilot; Mary McDonnell thereafter) The head doctor in the ER. Born in a medical family (her father was also a doctor), she takes her job very seriously. She tends to come down hard on Howard for","Rebecca Gayheart as cellist Clair Rutledge, the love interest of Russell Wong's main character, Jian-Wa Chang. In 1994 and 1995, Gayheart played Bess Martin in the science-fiction series \"Earth 2\". In 1995, she played Antonia Marchette, a recurring character in the series \"Beverly Hills, 90210\", and Luke Perry's character's love interest. Gayheart was a regular on the short-lived 1999 television series \"Wasteland\", \"Dead Like Me\", and \"Vanished\", and had a recurring role on \"Nip/Tuck\". In 1999, Gayheart also starred in the movie \"Jawbreaker\" with Rose McGowan, Julie Benz, and Judy Greer as girls in an exclusive clique in their high school. Gayheart","Edie Britt Edie Williams (née Britt, previously McLain and Rothwell) is a fictional character created by television producer and screenwriter Marc Cherry for the ABC television series \"Desperate Housewives\". Nicollette Sheridan portrayed Edie from her debut in the pilot episode of the series until the character's death in the fifth season. Within the series, Edie was one of several residents of the fictitious Wisteria Lane; she lived at 4362 Wisteria Lane in Fairview, Eagle State. Edie was a real estate agent. She was married three times; to Charles McLain (with whom she had a son, Travers), Umberto Rothwell, and Dave","Lara Flynn Boyle Takes You\" (alongside her \"Twin Peaks\" costar Kyle MacLachlan), Stacy in Penelope Spheeris's comedy \"Wayne's World\", and Beverly Franks in Alan Rudolph's crime drama \"Equinox\". This led to her being replaced by actress Moira Kelly. In 1993, Boyle starred as Kris Bolin in the thriller film \"The Temp\" and portrayed the temptress Suzanne Brown in the neo-noir film \"Red Rock West\" alongside Nicolas Cage and Dennis Hopper. In 1994, Boyle was cast as Alex in the comedy \"Threesome\", Laraine Cotwell in \"Baby's Day Out\", and Ida Muntz in \"The Road to Wellville\". The same year, Boyle appeared in the television","Billie Jenkins which Billie finds a pentagram on the last page. The pentagram is a symbol for the demonic council known as Triad (Steven J. Oliver, Seren Oliver, and Leland Crooke). She eventually gains enough control over her powers to travel to the past, speak to Christy, and find her location. Billie rescues Christy off-screen between the episodes \"12 Angry Zen\" and \"The Last Temptation of Christy\". With the Halliwells' help, she attempts to help Christy reintegrate into everyday life and gain control over her powers. Unbeknown to Billie, Christy has been brainwashed by the Triad and has been instructed to turn","Joyce Summers Joyce Summers is a fictional character in the action-horror television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" (1997–2003). Played by Kristine Sutherland, Joyce is the mother of the main character, Buffy Summers, and appears in 58 of the 144 episodes. The premise of the series is that Buffy is the latest Slayer, a young woman endowed by mystical forces with superhuman powers to fight and defeat vampires, demons, and other evil forces in the fictional town of Sunnydale. Like every Slayer before her, she was chosen and informed of her destiny when she was 15 years old. Her mother is","American Horror Story: Asylum and Franka Potente was cast in an unspecified role, which was later revealed to be Anne Frank / Charlotte Brown. In August 2012, Blake Sheldon was cast in the dual role of Devon and Cooper, both described as \"tall, thin and psychopathic.\" Ultimately Sheldon wound up portraying only Cooper. alum Frances Conroy guest starred as Shachath, the Angel of Death. Eric Stonestreet was scheduled to guest star again, this season as a killer, but the appearance never came to fruition. Mark Margolis recurred as Sam Goodwin, while David Chisum and Amy Farrington guest starred as a caring husband and a","a huge hole in Faith's life. It was not long after his death that she was promoted to homicide, becoming one of only three women in the division. After seeing the toll the internal investigation took on her mother, transforming her into an old woman before Faith's eyes, Faith came to hate Will Trent. In Fractured, she meets him, and ends up having to work with him. Over time, she grew to like Will, and at the end of Fractured, She accepted Amanda Wagner's offer to join the Georgia Bureau of Investigation as Will's partner. Amanda Wagner -- Amanda is","Code Black (TV series) for a second season in May 2016. On February 17, 2015, Marcia Gay Harden was cast as Christa, a soccer mom who lost her son to cancer. On February 23, Melanie Chandra was cast as Malaya, a doctor beginning her residency. Maggie Grace was cast as Dr. Leanne Rorish, the lead of the show, the following day. On March 3, Luis Guzman was set to star as Jose Santiago, a senior nurse. The character's name was later changed to Jesse Salander. The following day, Raza Jaffrey was cast as Neal, and Ben Hollingsworth was set to star as Mario, a","(Mandy Patinkin), Aaron Hotchner (Thomas Gibson), Elle Greenaway (Lola Glaudini), Derek Morgan (Shemar Moore), Spencer Reid (Matthew Gray Gubler), Jennifer Jareau (A. J. Cook), and Penelope Garcia (Kirsten Vangsness) as the original cast. Throughout the show's later seasons, the characters Emily Prentiss (Paget Brewster), David Rossi (Joe Mantegna), Ashley Seaver (Rachel Nichols), Alex Blake (Jeanne Tripplehorn), Kate Callahan (Jennifer Love Hewitt), Tara Lewis (Aisha Tyler), Luke Alvez (Adam Rodriguez), Stephen Walker (Damon Gupton), and Matt Simmons (Daniel Henney) were introduced. \"Criminal Minds\" has gained critical acclaim for its characterization, pacing, atmosphere, acting, directing, and writing. It has also become a","Buffy Summers confesses her love to a disbelieving Spike before he sacrifices himself to save the world; as he dies, Buffy escapes Sunnydale's destruction with the surviving characters. Following the end of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\", the character maintains a presence in the fifth season of \"Angel\" (2003–2004), but does not appear onscreen. In the episode \"The Girl in Question\", Angel and a resurrected Spike travel to Rome to find her, where they learn she is apparently now dating the Immortal. Sarah Michelle Gellar was approached to appear as Buffy in \"Angel\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s one hundredth episode, but declined, so the character of Cordelia","Natalia Boa Vista Natalia Boa Vista is a fictional character on the CBS crime drama \"\", portrayed by actress Eva LaRue. Little is known about Natalia's background prior to her association with the FBI and MDPD. In the Season 5 episode \"Darkroom\", it is revealed that she has at least two younger sisters, Anya and Christine. She was married to Nick Townsend (Rob Estes) and later divorced him due to his abusive nature. In a flashback scene during the Season 8 opener, it is revealed that she had first met Horatio Caine in 1997 during her stint with the FBI.","Charles Gunn (Angel) truck in a deal with a demon named Jenoff when he was only seventeen, because he believed he had no future (cf. \"Double or Nothing\"). Gunn is introduced in the Season One episode \"War Zone\", when he observes the vampire Angel roughing up a blackmailer and tries, unsuccessfully, to dust him. Later on, a gang of vampires, who are at war with Gunn's group, attack their hideout, kidnapping several group members in the process, including Gunn's sister Alonna. Eventually, Angel wins Gunn's trust, but unfortunately not in time to save Alonna from being turned into a vampire. Gunn has no","Per Manum means \"by hand\" in Latin. Pregnant Kathy McCready is undergoing an emergency caesarean. As her husband prepares, the ward is locked down, and the child delivered is seen to be an alien. FBI special agents John Doggett (Robert Patrick) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) meet Duffy Haskell (Jay Acovone), who tells them about his wife—a multiple-abductee who he believes was killed by her doctors upon giving birth to an alien child. He also describes how his wife's cancer was both caused and cured by her abductors. Duffy refers the agents to Zeus Genetics in Maryland, and shows them an ultrasound","City of Angels (2000 TV series) City of Angels is an American medical drama television series which ran for two seasons on CBS during the 2000 calendar year. It was network television's first medical drama with a predominantly African American cast. The show centered on the professional and personal lives of the doctors and nurses at Angels of Mercy Hospital in Los Angeles, California. While the show brought about familiar faces (Vivica A. Fox, Blair Underwood and Michael Warren), it was a launching point for actors Hill Harper, Gabrielle Union and Maya Rudolph. The show was cancelled in December 2000.","and Elaine (Elaine Lui). Their first act is to seize a massive drug shipment with the help of an American secret operative, Commander Alex Fong (Alex Fong). This inevitably invokes the rage of frighteningly fierce Madam Yeung (Yukari Oshima) who recently grabbed the mantel of power after killing her predecessor. After a series of tussles with Madam Yeung, Saijo finds himself buried alive in an armored car while Moon and Elaine settle their score with their nemesis kung fu style. Angel (1987 film) Angel (Chinese title: 天使行動; aka \"Angels\", \"Fighting Madam\" (USA), \"Iron Angels\", \"Midnight Angels\") is a 1987 Hong","Zachariah (Supernatural) Zachariah is a fictional character portrayed by Kurt Fuller on The CW Television Network's drama and horror television series \"Supernatural\". An angel, he first appears in the fourth season and helps manipulate the series protagonist Sam Winchester into releasing Lucifer onto the Earth. In the fifth season, he attempts to convince Dean Winchester into serving as the human vessel for the archangel Michael to start the apocalypse. The opportunity to play an angel initially excited Fuller because he thought that it would give him the chance to break away from his streak of playing villains. Despite the character","Characters of Glee discovering Terri was faking her pregnancy, Will ends his marriage and shares a kiss with Emma. Their relationship does not solidify over the remainder of the season, however, and Emma starts dating Carl Howell (John Stamos) at the end of the school year. In the second season, though Will tries to win Emma back, she marries Carl. Will has a brief relationship with Holly Holliday (Gwyneth Paltrow) starting in the episode \"Sexy\". Holly takes a job in Cleveland, leaving Will free to pursue Emma after Emma's marriage ends in an annulment. April Rhodes returns and asks for Will's help with","Bride of Deimos from \"God\" in heaven, sent to collect good souls. Angel appears as a young woman with light fluffy hair and large eyes. In her angelic form she has white feathered wings, a halo, and wears a long, flowing robe. However, Angel's actions and intentions are questionable. She has been seen coming to Earth when she's bored and will make bets with Deimos regarding human nature. She also engineered the death of a good young man so that she could collect his soul when it was at its most beautiful state, even though the man would have lived for many years","Angela Petrelli cake and the young Haitian to mind-wipe her memories of the painful tests and her scape from Primatech (\"which is later on confessed by Noah in \"Cautionary Tales\"\"). In \"June 13 - Part 1\", Angela meets with Doctor Mohinder Suresh on June 13, 2014, shortly before the Odessa Peace Summit. Angela reveals her knowledge of the H.E.L.E, a human-extinction-level event and she has sold Primatech to Erica Kravid as she believed Erica could save the world. However, Erica only pretended to care and is planning on only saving those she wants to save. Angela has pretended to agree with her,","Angel and Apostle scarlet “A” that her mother wore. Soon afterward London has a great fire and burns all of Nehemiah’s trading goods. Pearl lets Nehemiah leave her for someone with fewer traumas which he does. Pearl and Devlin leave with Abigail for New England to make a new life. Pearl - the illegitimate child of Hester, wife of Nehemiah, and mother of Abigail. She is the main character. Hester - the mother of Pearl who is forced by law to wear a scarlet \"A\" on her chest because she committed adultery Doctor Devlin - the physician for the local minister and the","Evening Shade when she was only 18 (a frequently voiced grievance by her father, Evan Evans, the owner of the local newspaper), are devoted to one another despite the age difference. Ava is an ambitious and successful practicing lawyer who in the first season is elected District Attorney while pregnant with their fourth (unintended) child, Emily. Among Wood's and Ava's closest friends are the somewhat older Harlan Eldridge, the town doctor, and his trusting wife, Merleen, who is always eager to believe the best of people. The show's plots focus on the various difficulties that Wood faces in living a much different","Tess Harding Tess Harding is a fictional character created by Jason Katims for the 1999-2002 American science fiction television series \"Roswell\". She was portrayed by actress Emilie de Ravin. Tess came to Earth with the other alien-human hybrids, Max Evans, Isabel Evans and Michael Guerin, but left her pod after they left theirs. They are clones of dead royalty, known as the Royal Four, from the planet Antar. She was raised by another alien, Nasedo, who had apparently been sent to Earth to protect them. However, he had made a deal with Kivar (the enemy of the Royal Four) 40","Lucifer (TV series) cast as Maze (Mazikeen), however, the role was later recast with Lesley-Ann Brandt. Nicholas Gonzalez portrayed Dan in the pilot episode. In June 2016, it was announced that Tricia Helfer had been cast as Lucifer and Amenadiel's mother, Charlotte, and that she was to appear in multiple episodes in the second season. The character was promoted to series regular in July 2016. Aimee Garcia had also been cast as a regular in the second season, playing L.A.P.D.'s forensic scientist Ella Lopez. In August 2016, executive producer Ildy Modrovich announced the casting of Michael Imperioli as the angel Uriel, Amenadiel and","The Sinner (TV series) Television Film and Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film for Jessica Biel. Biel was also nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie. In the first season, Detective Harry Ambrose (Bill Pullman) delves into the past of a troubled young mother (Jessica Biel), in order to determine why she fatally stabbed a man during a beach outing but has no memory of why she committed the crime. In the second season, Ambrose returns to his hometown, after a 13-year-old boy confesses to poisoning a couple, and learns secrets that the town's","American Horror Story alum Denis O'Hare also joined the cast in an unknown role, later revealed as Spalding. In November 2013, Ryan Murphy confirmed that Jessica Lange would be returning for a fourth season, although in a reduced capacity. It was later revealed she would be playing Freak Show owner Elsa Mars. Kathy Bates returned in a main role, portraying bearded lady Ethel Darling. On March 29, 2014, Murphy announced that Sarah Paulson, Evan Peters, Frances Conroy, Emma Roberts, Denis O'Hare, and Angela Bassett would all return for the fourth season. Paulson portrayed conjoined sisters Bette and Dot Tattler; Peters portrayed \"Lobster Boy\"","Lila Crane Lila Loomis (née Crane) is a fictional character created by American author Robert Bloch in his 1959 thriller novel \"Psycho\"; portrayed by Vera Miles in the 1960 version of \"Psycho\" directed by Alfred Hitchcock. She is also portrayed by Julianne Moore in the 1998 version of \"Psycho\". She is the sister of slain victim Marion Crane. Additionally, Lila appears in Bloch's 1982 sequel novel \"Psycho II\", and the unrelated 1983 sequel film of the same name, in which she serves as an antagonist. Lila Crane is the younger sister of Marion Crane (Janet Leigh). After Marion steals $40,000","Illyria: Spotlight Illyria: Spotlight is a comic, a story based on the \"Angel\" television series. This title, along with the others in IDW Publishing's \"Spotlight\" series, was collected in the \"Angel: Spotlight\" trade paperback. Illyria, an Old One who has only recently been reintroduced to its life, tries to further understand humanity by studying the vessel whom it now occupies, Fred. Illyria considers whether she is capable of guilt. A woman named Mrs. Balducci addresses the court in a Los Angeles courtroom. She asks for leniency for Alex Rich, the man who killed her son and three other people in","María LaGuerta She confides in Dexter, as he is the \"only other one who knows\". After Miguel's own death by Dexter's hand, she becomes distraught that the Cuban community is thinking about naming a highway after him. She wants to find admissible evidence to prove he killed Wolf, but Dexter is able to convince her that doing so would only hurt Miguel's family and the community, and that even then the case would be weak. Reluctantly, LaGuerta drops it. At the start of season four, LaGuerta is shown to be romantically involved with Det. Angel Batista. They keep their romance hidden from","Ellen Zitek City to work as a nurse. She was introduced as the step-sister of Nina Farr (Rebekah Gibbs). The character's most notable storyline is the portrayal of cancer resulting from a molar pregnancy. The story was based on a real life case and Bouzova researched the condition thoroughly. She also cut her waist length hair short to accommodate her character's chemotherapy treatment. Other stories include marrying Abs Denham (James Redmond) for a visa and believing she is pregnant by Harry Harper (Simon MacCorkindale). In 2006, Bouzova decided to leave the show to pursue other projects. The actress was not allowed to","Melissa George Melissa Suzanne George (born 6 August 1976) is an Australian-American actress. A former national rollerskating champion and model, George began her acting career playing Angel Parrish on the Australian soap opera \"Home and Away\" (1993–96). After moving to the United States, George made her big-screen debut in 1998 in the neo-noir/science fiction film \"Dark City\". She later appeared in Steven Soderbergh's \"The Limey\" (1999), David Lynch's \"Mulholland Drive\" (2001), \"Sugar & Spice\" (2001), and \"Down with Love\" (2003). In 2005, George transitioned into leading roles when she played Kathy Lutz in the remake of \"The Amityville Horror\". She","Lana Parrilla a divorcee whose identity has been stolen. Also in 2008, she starred in the CBS summer series \"Swingtown\" as Trina Decker, a woman who is part of a Swinging couple. In 2010, Parrilla had a female lead role in the Jerry Bruckheimer-produced \"Miami Medical\" on CBS, which had a short run towards the end of the 2009–10 television season before it was canceled in July 2010. \"Windfall\", \"Swingtown\" and \"Miami Medical\" were all canceled after 13 episodes. In February 2011, she was cast as Mayor Regina Mills/The Evil Queen, in the ABC adventure fantasy drama pilot, \"Once Upon a Time\"","Terms of Endearment (The X-Files) Persky) learn via an ultrasound scan that their unborn child has bizarre physical abnormalities, such as horn-like protrusions. Weinsider appears to be especially distraught after hearing the news. That night, Laura has a terrifying dream in which a demon-like figure snatches the baby from her womb. When she wakes up, the couple discover that Laura has seemingly miscarried. Laura's brother, local deputy sheriff Arky Stevens, reports her story to the X-Files section at the FBI. Agent Jeffrey Spender (Chris Owens) discards the report, but Agent Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) salvages the case and travels to Virginia with Agent Dana Scully","Piper Halliwell season two finale, Piper and her sisters discover that the many attacks on their lives by evil beings have been orchestrated by a demonic force known as The Council. Piper also desires to learn more about Leo's life as a whitelighter and asks him to take her to meet The Elders, senior whitelighters who act as the authoritative council for all of good magic. The couple are last seen orbing off to The Elders' heavenly realm. In season three (2000–01), after being detained \"Up There\" for a month, Piper and Leo are told by The Elders to end their relationship","Chloe O'Brian Chloe O'Brian is a fictional character played by actress Mary Lynn Rajskub on the US television series \"24\". An analyst at CTU Los Angeles (and later New York), she is Jack Bauer's most trusted colleague, often doing unconventional and unauthorized favors for him, even at personal risk to herself. As O'Brian, Rajskub appeared in 137 episodes of \"24\", more than any other actor except series star Kiefer Sutherland, who appeared in all 204 episodes of the series. UGO.com named her one of the best TV nerds. AOL named her one of the 100 Most Memorable Female TV Characters.","Messiah (TV series) written directly for television. Starling has a cameo as a murder victim's corpse in the first serial. A crime series, it follows the investigations of DCI Red Metcalfe, who often investigates particularly gruesome murders. Metcalfe is played by Scottish actor Ken Stott, and the other main regulars in the series are Kate Beauchamp (Frances Grey), Duncan Warren (Neil Dudgeon) and Metcalfe's wife Susan (Michelle Forbes). The deafness of Forbes' character necessitated both her and Stott learning British Sign Language for their characters' frequent exchanges. \"Messiah I\" is the only series to be directly adopted from the novel, and deals with","Angel (1999 TV series) who had been the most popular and superficial girl in Sunnydale High on \"Buffy\", develops over the course of the series from an insecure young woman struggling in a daunting real world into an unexpectedly mature woman. Similarly, Wesley, the once uptight and bookish Watcher, becomes a man of quiet confidence and often ruthless action. In much the same way as \"Buffy\" had been both a homage and parody of traditional horror films, \"Angel\" gave the same treatment to the classical \"film noir\". Producer Kelly Manners said \"\"Angel\" is a dark show about a man looking for redemption... We have","Torchwood film star Bill Pullman joins as Oswald Danes, a highly intelligent child murderer, and Lauren Ambrose plays Jilly Kitzinger, a ruthless PR woman who takes on Danes as a client. Tur's character is killed off in the fifth episode, whilst Pullman and Havins last until episode ten. Recurring characters include CIA directors Brian Friedkin (Wayne Knight) and Allen Shapiro (John de Lancie), San Pedro camp manager Colin Maloney (Marc Vann), Esther's sister Sarah Drummond (Candace Brown), and CIA watch analysts Charlotte Willis (Marina Benedict) and Noah Vickers (Paul James). Nana Visitor plays Olivia Colasanto, who directs the team toward their","The X-Files (season 3) up with the fast-paced nature of the show. The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. Mulder is later found in the desert following the events of the second season finale and nursed back to health by Albert Hosteen (Floyd Red Crow Westerman). Meanwhile, Scully investigates the possible involvement of the smallpox eradication program in human genetic experimentation, discovering that a Nazi scientist who defected during Operation Paperclip has been conducting human experimentation to create alien-human hybrids. Her sister Melissa (Melinda McGraw),","April Kepner him, earning her the nickname \"Shepherd's flunky\". In the season six finale, she discovers the body of her best friend Reed Adamson, who has been shot. She later runs into the shooter, Gary Clark, who lets her go after she tells him about her life after remembering a technique she says she learned from Oprah. Following the shooting, Kepner and Avery move into Meredith Grey's (Ellen Pompeo) house. Kepner reveals that she is a virgin because she is a Christian and made a promise to God to stay a virgin until she was married, she also states that she thinks","Once More, with Feeling (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) from stores, including Anya's magic shop, lies to Buffy and goes on a clandestine and almost deadly date. Left to take care of Dawn after the death of their mother Joyce Summers (Kristine Sutherland) in the fifth season (\"The Body\"), Buffy has come to depend more heavily on Giles. Following Dawn's date, Buffy asks Giles to shoulder responsibility for disciplining her, much to his discomfort. Buffy's former nemesis is Spike (James Marsters), a vampire. In the fourth season The Initiative, a secret military organization whose mission is to evaluate and eliminate demonic beings, rendered Spike harmless by implanting a microchip","Faraway, So Close! they can hear the thoughts of the people around them, and try to console a dying man. Cassiel has been following his friend Damiel (a former angel), who senses his presence and talks about his experiences as a human. He owns a pizza parlor named Casa dell'angelo (Angel's House) and has married Marion, a trapeze artist whom he met when an angel. She works in a local bar in West Berlin, and the two have a young daughter, Doria. Cassiel follows Raissa Becker, an 11-year-old girl who lives in the former East Berlin. He observes her life and notices that","Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 2) Buffy's brief death in the season one finale. Xander becomes involved with Cordelia, while Willow becomes involved with witchcraft and Daniel \"Oz\" Osbourne, who becomes a werewolf after being bitten by a young cousin who just happens to be a werewolf. Buffy and the vampire Angel develop a relationship over the course of the season, but Angel's dark past as the evil and sadistic Angelus threatens to destroy Buffy and the world. The emotional stakes are raised in season two as Buffy Summers (Sarah Michelle Gellar) returns from a summer in Los Angeles after her death at the end of","Charlie's Angels (season 4) This is a list of episodes for the fourth season of the TV series Charlie's Angels. Originally aired from September 12, 1979 to May 7, 1980 for a total of 25 episodes, the season starred Jaclyn Smith, Cheryl Ladd, David Doyle, and introduced Shelley Hack as new angel Tiffany Welles, a police graduate from Boston. Original star Farrah Fawcett also reprises her role as Jill Munroe in three episodes. The fourth season of the show saw a further decline in viewing figures, but still remained in the top 20 (#17 in the Nielsen chart); some believing","she played Molly Stewart/Angel, a high school honor student by day, and a prostitute by night. The film spawned three unsuccessful sequels in which Wilkes had no involvement. Wiles was 25 at the time she played the 15-year-old character. To prepare for the role she spent time in halfway houses and rehabilitation centers in LA. \"I actually walked on the streets with these girls and talked with them... and I also talked to the people with the group called Children of the Night, and to the Hollywood Police Department, too.\" Donna Wilkes Donna Consuelos Wilkes (born November 11, 1959) is","Harmony Kendall anything vampire-related (in actuality, the toys were possessed demonic creatures). This, in combination with the criminal activities of rogue Slayer Simone Doffler, the destruction of Sunnydale and the machinations of the villain Twilight has forced the Slayers into retreat as the whole world now views them as terrorists. Harmony appears twice in Angel & Faith. During \"In Perfect Harmony\" it is revealed she used her fame to create rules that when vampires feed from humans they can never kill nor sire and must bite only after the human gives permission. The vast majority of vampires follow these rules for the","Band of Angels slave, by her new owner. At his city mansion, she meets his key slaves, his housekeeper (and former lover) Michele (Carolle Drake) and his conflicted right-hand-man Rau-Ru (Sidney Poitier). Rau-Ru is grateful for the kindness, education and trust Hamish has bestowed on him, but hates him anyway because his kindness is a more insidious method of keeping him enslaved than overt cruelty would be. Michele tries to help Amantha escape, but Rau-Ru has been watching her for Hamish and brings her back to the mansion. During a storm, Amantha and Hamish give in to their mutual passion. He takes his","Case\", \"Seinfeld\", \"Married... with Children\", a recurring role as Judge Mary Harcourt on \"L.A. Law\", a recurring role as Judge Tiano on \"The Closer\" and numerous other judge roles in \"The Division\", \"Sparks\", \"JAG\", \"The Wayans Bros.\", \"Gabriel's Fire\", \"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\" and others. Lehman was married briefly to actor John Amos. Lillian Lehman Lillian Lehman (born February 12, 1947) is an American actress. She played Lena Hart in NBC's soap opera \"Sunset Beach\", recurring role as Nurse Carol on \"Emergency!\" and Dr. Joyce Meadows on ABC's \"General Hospital\". She has also been cast in various guest roles on TV,","Anya Jenkins \"Checkpoint\", Anya is questioned by members of the Watchers' Council, and invents the full name Anya Christina Emmanuella Jenkins, and claims to have been born on the Fourth of July in Indiana. During an impending apocalypse, brought about by Glory at the end of Season Five, Xander proposes to Anya and they are engaged for most of Season Six. Xander's doubts grow, however, and it is not difficult for Stewart Burns - escaped from Hell and impersonating Xander's future self - to persuade him to leave Anya at the wedding by showing him an illusionary life where Anya apparently cheats","The City on the Edge of Forever to blend in, they meet a woman named Edith Keeler (Joan Collins), who runs the 21st Street Mission. They're given a place to sleep, along with doing odd jobs to earn money. Spock works to devise a method of interfacing with his tricorder to analyze its recorded images to determine how McCoy has altered history. While they await his arrival, Kirk and Keeler spend time together, and Kirk begins to fall in love. McCoy stumbles into the mission, unnoticed by Kirk and Spock, and Keeler nurses him back to health. Spock completes his work and discovers that Keeler was supposed","Grace Lee Whitney played the historical figure Nellie Cashman, then a restaurateur, in the 1969 episode, \"The Angel of Tombstone\" of the syndicated western series, \"Death Valley Days\", hosted by Robert Taylor not long before his death. In the story line, Cashman and several men from Tombstone, Arizona, travel to Baja California in search of gold found by a Mexican prospector. On reaching the site, Cashman learns how a Catholic mission has been quietly financing its charitable work. Gregg Barton, Tris Coffin, and Joaquin Martinez also guest starred in this episode. Her roles in the 1970s included \"The Bold Ones\", \"Cannon\", and \"Hart","Cheryl Ladd Cheryl Ladd (born Cheryl Jean Stoppelmoor; July 12, 1951) is an American actress, singer and author best known for her role as Kris Munroe in the ABC television series \"Charlie's Angels\" in which she was hired for its second season in 1977 to replace Farrah Fawcett-Majors. Ladd remained on the show until its cancellation in 1981. Her film roles include \"Purple Hearts\" (1984), \"Millennium\" (1989), \"Poison Ivy\" (1992), \"Permanent Midnight\" (1998) and \"Unforgettable\" (2017). Ladd was born Cheryl Jean Stoppelmoor in Huron, South Dakota, the second daughter of Dolores (née Katz), a waitress and Marion Stoppelmoor (1929–2001), a","is more important than anything, but she refuses to let him do it, knowing that she is the reason his life was messed up. But they both hope to be able to meet again in the future. Isabel Evans Isabel Evans is a fictional character created by Melinda Metz for the young adults book series \"Roswell High\" and adapted by Jason Katims for the 1999-2002 American science fiction television series \"Roswell\". She was portrayed by actress Katherine Heigl in the television series. Isabel Evans is an alien-human hybrid like her brother Max Evans and best friend Michael Guerin. She and","Mary Alice Young as the deceased Rex Van de Kamp) and the fifth season episode \"Look Into Their Eyes and You See What They Know\" (in which Nicollette Sheridan narrates the episode as the deceased Edie Britt). The mystery surrounding Mary Alice and her family was the main storyline in the first season of the series, and it is resolved in the first-season finale. Cherry had wanted there to be a \"definite end\" to the mystery, hoping to avoid similar viewer fatigue that \"Twin Peaks\" suffered after drawing out its central mystery past its first season. ABC executives initially protested the writers' decision","Liz Sanbourne Liz Sanbourne is a fictional character from the American soap opera \"Passions\", which aired on National Broadcasting Company (NBC) from 1999–2007 and on DirecTV from 2007–08. Created by the soap's head writer, James E. Reilly, Liz was portrayed by Amelia Marshall from October 3, 2001 to February 17, 2006. Arreale Davis and Taquel Graves also played the character in flashbacks in 2003. Reilly approached Marshall about the role after they worked together on \"Guiding Light\"; Marshall was attracted to the series due to the opportunity to play a darker and more complex character than her previous experiences. Her","Lana Parrilla in the thirteenth episode, her character was written out after she tried to thwart another character's promotion from temporary to permanent CTU head Michelle Dessler (Reiko Aylesworth). In 2006, Parrilla starred in the NBC summer series \"Windfall\" alongside Luke Perry, fellow former \"24\" cast member Sarah Wynter, and Parilla's former \"Boomtown\" castmate Jason Gedrick. In 2007, she guest starred as Greta during the third season of ABC's \"Lost\" in the episodes \"Greatest Hits\" and \"Through the Looking Glass\" In 2008, she had a leading role on the Lifetime movie \"The Double Life of Eleanor Kendall,\" in which she played Nellie,","Miracles (TV series) Miracles is an American drama television program starring Skeet Ulrich and Angus Macfadyen. Created by Richard Hatem and Michael Petroni, the series was dubbed a \"spiritual version of \"The X-Files\"\" by its creators. Following the pilot, David Greenwalt, co-creator of \"Angel\" (the spin-off of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\") served as the show's executive producer and head writer for the remaining twelve episodes. \"Miracles\" follows Paul Callan, an investigator of modern miracles for the Catholic Church who questions his faith after repeatedly finding mundane explanations for various supposed phenomena. After he witnesses a true, supernatural miracle that saves","Angel Heart Angel Heart is a 1987 American neo-noir horror film based on William Hjortsberg's 1978 novel \"Falling Angel\". Written and directed by Alan Parker, it stars Mickey Rourke, Robert De Niro, Lisa Bonet and Charlotte Rampling. The story follows Harry Angel (Rourke), a New York City private investigator hired to solve the disappearance of a popular singer known as Johnny Favorite. Harry's investigation takes him to New Orleans, where he becomes embroiled in a series of brutal, occult-related murders. Following publication of the novel, Hjortsberg began developing a screenplay for a film adaptation, but was unable to secure a","Rose Nylund five children: Brigit, Jenella, Kirsten, Adam, and Charlie Jr. Rose also has two granddaughters by Kirsten - Charley (named for Kirsten's father) and another unnamed, mentioned in the episode where Rose had her heart attack. Of her children, only Brigit and Kirsten appeared on the show, although Kirsten was played by two different actresses. Charlie died of a heart attack while he and Rose were making love in 1980 and this gave Rose a fear of sexual intimacy for several years thereafter. Years later, a boyfriend named Al Beatty (Richard Roat) dies in a similar fashion. On one episode Rose","Cast of ER Nurse Carol Hathaway before becoming part of the regular cast. The first additions to the main cast came in Season 2 with Gloria Reuben signing on as Physician Assistant Jeanie Boulet (recurring character in Season 1), and in Season 3 with Laura Innes as Dr. Kerry Weaver (recurring character in Season 2). In Season 4, Maria Bello signed on as Dr. Anna Del Amico (recurring character at the end of Season 3) and Alex Kingston joined the cast as Dr. Elizabeth Corday. Season 5 saw the addition of Kellie Martin as medical student Lucy Knight. George Clooney's departure towards the","a beautiful engineer who came to work with Tom Howard and Jack Rolfe at the Mermaid yard and Vanessa Andenberg (Lana Morris), an elegant widow and old flame of Jack Rolfe. Midway through the show's run, Charles is revealed to be Abby's biological father. Perhaps in a conscious move to make \"Howards' Way\" seem more and more like a British \"Dynasty\", actress Kate O'Mara, who had previously starred in \"The Brothers\" and had recently appeared in the American supersoap as Caress Morrell, was also brought in to play ruthless businesswoman Laura Wilde. The roots for the demise of Howards' Way","Love Is a Many Splendored Thing (TV series) when Senator Al Preston dies in a car crash. Peter reconciles with Angel, and they settle down in wedded bliss with their baby daughter, Nicole. Joe confides to Betsy that Walter Travis is blackmailing him over the murder of Travis' wife, Joe's lover, seven years ago. Iris gives birth to a baby girl she names Maggie. Spence finally wins the election to become San Francisco, California's next state senator. 1973 : While under Betsy's care in the hospital for minor surgery, Walter Travis is murdered with an overdose of Demerol. Fearing that Joe's possible involvement in Travis' wife's murder will","Mercedes McNab received a more prominent role in the 1993 sequel \"Addams Family Values\" in which she portrayed a snobby camper named Amanda Buckman. McNab's next breakthrough came in 1997, when she was cast in a recurring role on the TV show \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" on The WB. McNab played Harmony Kendall, a vapid popular high school student who eventually becomes a vampire. She appeared in 16 episodes over four years. McNab reprised this role when she was cast in the spin-off \"Angel\", which starred David Boreanaz. She became a series regular during the show's final season, airing from 2003-04. Since","Angel: Live Fast, Die Never of the tracks performed by outside bands meant something special to the show. \"I'm Game\" was composed by Christophe Beck, who also composed seasons two through four of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\", and was used throughout the series as a theme for whenever Angel or his team were involved in heroic actions. \"Touched\" was considered by many fans to be a theme of the show, and VAST's music was used in the original unaired pilot episode of \"Angel\". \"LA Song\" was written by David Greenwalt, who co-created the series, and was performed by Christian Kane who played Lindsey McDonald through","Deadalive Award, for Outstanding Makeup. The season centers on Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) special agents Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) and her new partner John Doggett (Robert Patrick)—following the alien abduction and death of her former partner, Fox Mulder (Duchovny)—who work on cases linked to the paranormal, known as X-Files. In this episode, agent Mulder is buried. After the body of alien abductee Billy Miles (Zachary Ansley) revives before an autopsy, assistant director Walter Skinner (Mitch Pileggi) orders Mulder's body to be exhumed. When Mulder's body is uncovered, weak vital signs are discovered. Meanwhile, rogue FBI agent Alex Krycek (Nicholas Lea)","Everville Harry D'Amour from previous Barker works (including his story \"The Last Illusion\") as well as a few from book one of the series. Among several new characters, mentioned in passing or detail, are the 'Shu (small, squid-like beings who are described as \"pieces of God\"), Phoebe Cobb, a resident of the town who passionately loves Joe, a dark-skinned painter, and Seth, a gay teenager who can hear angels knocking from the other side of Heaven. In 1848, an Irish immigrant named Maeve O'Connell is traveling west with her father and a group of others. Her father seeks to create the","Charlie's Angels in their assignments. Although ABC had approved of a pilot film, they were concerned about how audiences would accept three women fighting crime on their own. ABC executives brought in David Ogden Stiers as Scott Woodville, who would act as the chief backup to the Angels and Bosley's superior; he would also be depicted as the organizer of the plan, in similar fashion to Jim Phelps in \"\", a series for which Goff and Roberts had written. The 74-minute pilot film initially aired on March 21, 1976. The story focuses heavily on Kelly Garrett (a role intended for Jackson before","Dark Angel (2000 TV series) and Ellen Ripley. Cameron said \"it's a win/win situation\" as \"women respond to characters who appear strong and capable\" and young male audiences \"want to see girls kick ass\". Later they decided to set the series in a post-social collapse world, saying that the hysteria surrounding Y2K served as inspiration; in the series, an electromagnetic pulse previously destroyed every computer in the United States. Working titles for the series included \"Experimental Girl\" and \"Maximum Girl\". The project marked Cameron's television debut; he worked mainly as a writer and executive producer for the series. More than a thousand young actresses were","Making Angels the prime universe's version of Astrid (Nicole). After a bit of initial surprise and discovery, the parallel version of Astrid explains that her father was aloof and distant to her special needs, and the prime Astrid admits the same, but implies she found a way to deal with them. When parallel Astrid's disappearance is discovered in the parallel universe, Colonel Broyles (Lance Reddick) sends Fauxlivia (Anna Torv) across to escort her back. When she arrives, Walter (John Noble) is initially bitter about her arrival, recalling her deceitful tactics she used to earn his trust when she was sent to take","Annabeth Gish Annabeth Gish (born March 13, 1971) is an American actress. She has played roles in films \"Shag\", \"Hiding Out\", \"Mystic Pizza\", \"SLC Punk!\", \"The Last Supper\" and \"Double Jeopardy\". On television, she played Special Agent Monica Reyes on \"The X-Files\", Elizabeth Bartlet Westin on \"The West Wing\", Diane Gould on \"Halt and Catch Fire\", Eileen Caffee on \"Brotherhood\", Charlotte Millwright on \"The Bridge\" and Sheriff Althea Jarry on the final season of \"Sons of Anarchy\". In 2016, she reprised her role as Monica Reyes in the tenth season of \"The X-Files\", and then again in the eleventh season","City of Angels (1976 TV series) a call-girl business on the side, and attorney Michael Brimm (Philip Sterling). Brimm is called upon frequently to defend Axminster from charges (mostly trumped-up) leveled against him by Lieutenant Murray Quint (Clifton James), a fat, cigar-chomping, and thoroughly crooked member of the Los Angeles Police Department. Axminster drives a 1934 ragtop Studebaker and keeps his office in downtown L.A.’s historic Bradbury Building, phone number OXford-8704. (Brimm’s office is across the hall.) For his services, Axminster charges $25 a day plus expenses. Although Brimm describes him as “Mr. Play-It-Safe,” Axminster regularly places himself in danger by helping friends and annoying the","Miracle at St. Anna the \"Primavera\", accompanied by its new owner who takes out a rosary and reveals himself as an adult Angelo. They both hold Hector's rosary and happily burst into tears. John Turturro plays Detective Antonio \"Tony\" Ricci, who is charged with investigating a post office murder in 1983; Joseph Gordon-Levitt plays Tim Boyle, the investigative reporter assigned to cover the murder and subsequent discovery of an Italian artifact; and Kerry Washington plays Zana Wilder, a lawyer hired to represent the suspected post office murderer. Naomi Campbell was originally cast as Wilder in September 2007, but later pulled out due to scheduling","Maggie Walsh Professor Maggie Walsh is a fictional character in the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\". The character is portrayed by Lindsay Crouse. Professor Maggie Walsh is introduced in Season Four, as Buffy's Psychology professor at the University of California, Sunnydale, but is later revealed as the leader of the government-controlled Initiative, a military project intent on capturing, studying, and modifying the behavior of various demons. Unknown to many in the Initiative, Walsh is also involved in Project 314, a secret program within the Initiative that is creating a hybrid demon-humanoid-mechanoid (demonoid) known as Adam. Various creatures captured by","Charlie's Angels initial concept, Sabrina Duncan, Jill Munroe, and Kelly Garrett have graduated from the police academy in Los Angeles, California. Despite proving their capability during training, all three have subsequently been assigned to be a meter maid, office worker, and crossing guard, respectively. Dissatisfied with these jobs, they are recruited to work for the Charles Townsend Agency as private investigators. All of this is explained in the opening credit sequence; neither the pilot film nor subsequent series ever actually depicted an \"origin story\" as they are seen to have been working as investigators for some time as of the start of","Angel (1937 film) and Herbert Mundin. The story describes a love triangle initiated by Lady Maria Barker (Dietrich), the comfortable but neglected wife of Sir Frederich Barker (Marshall), a top-level British diplomat in the pre-World-War-II era. Although Frederick provides well for Maria and appears to love her, he has been neglecting her in favor of pursuing his busy diplomatic career. One day when he is in Geneva on important business, she secretly flies to Paris to visit the russian Grand Duchess Anna, who operates a high-class escort business. By chance, Maria happens to meet Anthony Halton (Douglas), a charming man who has lived","Doris Singleton 1980 special \"Lucy Moves to NBC\". Singleton also appeared on numerous other television shows including \"Richard Diamond, Private Detective\", \"The Dick Van Dyke Show\", \"Pete and Gladys\", \"Hazel\", \"The Real McCoys\", \"The Twilight Zone\", \"The Munsters\", \"The Fugitive\", \"Dynasty\", \"Phyllis\", \"Family Affair\", \"Hogan's Heroes\", \"State Trooper\", and \"Frontier Doctor\". Singleton played the sympathetic neighbor, Susie, to Annie Fargé's scatterbrained character \"Angel Smith\" in the CBS sitcom, \"Angel\" from 1960 to 1961. Singleton also appeared in \"All in the Family\" as Edith's hotel roommate, Lydia Stonehurst, in the 1971 episode \"Edith has Jury Duty\". She also appeared in two \"Perry Mason\"","Lost (TV series) Catholic priest played by Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje; Ana Lucia Cortez, an airport TSA guard and former LAPD police officer played by Michelle Rodriguez; and Libby Smith, a purported clinical psychologist and formerly mentally ill woman portrayed by Cynthia Watros. Ana Lucia and Libby were written out of the series toward the end of season two after being shot by Michael, who then left the island along with his son. In season three, two actors were promoted from recurring to starring roles: Henry Ian Cusick as former Scottish soldier Desmond Hume; and Michael Emerson as the manipulative leader of the Others, Ben","The Horn Blows at Midnight end of the world. When he is deposited at the Hotel Universe via the building's elevator, he accidentally foils a robbery attempt by suave guest Archie Dexter (Reginald Gardiner) and his girlfriend accomplice, Fran Blackstone (Dolores Moran). Dexter blames Fran and breaks off their relationship. When Athanael prevents her attempt at suicide from the hotel's roof, he misses the deadline. Elizabeth persuades her boss to give him a second chance, and travels to Earth to inform him. Complications arise when two fallen angels named Osidro (Allyn Joslyn) and Doremus (John Alexander), also guests at the hotel, recognize Athanael and learn","A Hole in the World Fred's body in his arms, she begins to convulse, throwing them both to the floor. Fred rises from the floor as Ilyria, her hair and eyes now a frozen blue. She looks over Fred's hand and remarks, \"This will do.\" Sarah Thompson sings \"LA Song\", which was written by series co-creator David Greenwalt and Christian Kane for Lindsey McDonald to perform on-stage in the \"Angel\" episode \"Dead End\". Thompson, who grew up doing musical theater, had begged Joss Whedon to allow her character to sing. Joss Whedon admits he became emotional during the scene in which Fred dies: \"I cried","Melinda Clarke Melinda Patrice \"Mindy\" Clarke (born April 24, 1969) is an American actress who has worked primarily in television. Clarke is known for playing Faith Taylor on the daytime drama \"Days of Our Lives\", the manipulative and cunning Julie Cooper on \"The O.C.\", and the professional dominatrix Lady Heather on \"\". From 2010 to 2013, she portrayed Amanda on the action-thriller television series \"Nikita\". She was added as a recurring character on \"Vegas\" in 2013, and played Tracey McKay in the revival of \"Dallas\". Clarke was born in Dana Point, California, the daughter of Patricia Lewis, a ballet dancer,","Angel (1999 TV series) higher powers guide the group, and are received by Doyle and later Cordelia. Hand-to-hand combat is chiefly undertaken by Angel and later Gunn, though every member of Angel Investigations is combat ready to some degree. Lorne is able to read peoples' destinies and intentions. Fred uses her scientific knowledge to contribute, whilst Wesley contributes his extensive knowledge of demonology and supernatural lore. At the start of the series, Angel has just moved to Los Angeles. He is soon visited by Doyle, a messenger sent to him on behalf of The Powers That Be. Doyle receives visions that can guide Angel","Lorne (Angel) his sleep, then manifests as an astral projection which possesses superhuman strength and durability. This enlarged version then attacks several demons that had recently angered Lorne. These powers were lost when Lorne's ability to sleep returns to him. Andy Hallett worked in Los Angeles as the personal assistant to Kai Cole, the wife of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" creator Joss Whedon. When the couple and their friends saw Hallett singing at the \"B.B. Kings\" lounge at Universal CityWalk, Whedon conceived of Lorne as an anagogic demon who reads the hearts and futures of his guests as they sing in his","Touched by an Angel Touched by an Angel is an American supernatural drama television series that premiered on CBS on September 21, 1994, and ran for 211 episodes and nine seasons until its conclusion on April 27, 2003. Created by John Masius and produced by Martha Williamson, the series stars Roma Downey, as an angel named Monica, and Della Reese, as her supervisor Tess. Throughout the series, Monica is tasked with bringing guidance and messages from God to various people who are at a crossroads in their lives. From Season Three onward, they are frequently joined by Andrew (John Dye),","Supernatural (U.S. TV series) for only a six-episode story arc, but the role was later expanded. Collins was promoted to a series regular for the fifth and sixth season, something Collins believes to be mainly due to fan support. Collins was downgraded to recurring status for the seventh and eighth seasons, but returned to series regular status for seasons nine and ten. Along with Castiel came other angelic characters, with Robert Wisdom portraying the \"militant\" and \"dogmatic\" Uriel, who secretly supports Lucifer; Julie McNiven playing the fallen angel Anna Milton, who eventually regains her angelic form but remains an outcast of Heaven; and Kurt","Angel (season 1) aired along with the fourth season of \"Buffy\". Both shows would feature crossover episodes where characters would appear on the other show. Along with the title character Angel (David Boreanaz), Cordelia Chase (Charisma Carpenter) appeared as main characters on the new series. The first crossover appeared in the premiere episodes, where Angel calls Buffy but doesn't say anything; on \"Buffy\", she answers the phone. After the events of the \"Buffy\" episode \"The Harsh Light of Day\", Oz (Seth Green) visits Los Angeles in \"In the Dark\" to give Angel the Gem of Amarra (a ring that makes a vampire invincible).","Angel (1999 TV series) recurring characters are Lilah Morgan (Seasons 1–4) and Lindsey McDonald (Seasons 1, 2 and 5), appearing in 36 and 21 episodes, respectively; Lindsey is the only character besides Angel to appear in both the first and last episode of the series. Angel's sire Darla (Julie Benz), first seen in \"Buffy\", plays in an expanded role on \"Angel\" and appears in 20 episodes over the course of the series. Elisabeth Röhm appears in 15 episodes (Seasons 1–2) as LAPD Detective Kate Lockley, a woman with an often-strained relationship with Angel. Throughout the series, there were also guest appearances from \"Buffy\" characters,"],"string":"[\n \"Inside Out (Angel) awestruck. The costume for Skip took three and a half hours to put on, and required an additional five hours of makeup. Although David Denman hated the process, he was \\\"surprised and very excited\\\" after learning that Skip was actually a villain. Julie Benz was called back to reprise her role as Darla, in her first and only scene with Vincent Kartheiser, who plays her character's son. \\\"I loved the dynamic between the two of them,\\\" Benz says. \\\"Darla really is the mother who gave up everything for her son and he doesn't appreciate it.\\\" To subtly emphasize that Darla\",\n \"Bea Arthur and Dorothy's Sicilian mother, Sophia Petrillo (Estelle Getty). Getty was actually a year younger than Arthur in real life. The series was a hit, and remained a top-ten ratings fixture for six of its seven seasons. Her performance led to several Emmy nominations over the course of the series and an Emmy win in 1988. Arthur decided to leave the show after seven years, and in 1992 the show was moved from NBC to CBS and retooled as \\\"The Golden Palace\\\" in which the other three actresses reprised their roles, with Cheech Marin as their new foil. Arthur made a\",\n \"Clara Seger unknown causes, which Seger struggled to cope with. She later, reluctantly, returned to the IRT in 2016. Brad had previously worked as criminalist for the IRT. Seger rejoined the team in the pilot episode due to her fluency in Thai, before deciding to rejoin the team full time. Seger is a Christian. The character was not introduced in the backdoor pilot on \\\"Criminal Minds\\\". She was conceived to replace international law expert and linguist Lily Lambert, portrayed by Anna Gunn. The producers, who felt that a cultural anthropologist was more vital to the show than Lily's legal background, transferred Gunn's\",\n \"only now he's a puppet. When Puppet Angel explains to the group what happened, Fred tells the lab to start recording \\\"Smile Time\\\" so she can analyze it. Angel orders Lorne and Gunn to talk to the show's creator, Gregor Framkin, at the studio. Nina arrives and Puppet Angel ducks under his desk so she won't see him. She tries to ask him if everything's okay, but he abruptly tells her to leave. Spike arrives, and is shocked and amused to see that Angel is “a wee little puppet man,” which sends Spike into fits of hysterical laughter. Puppet Angel\",\n \"Bela Talbot her soul's resulting descent into Hell—is inevitable, but not shown. Described by her actress, Lauren Cohan, as \\\"a female Humphrey Bogart\\\", Bela is \\\"a little bit manipulative\\\" and she \\\"always wants to be in control\\\". According to series creator Eric Kripke, the writers conceptualized the character as \\\"someone [the Winchesters have] really never come across before\\\" because, though she moves throughout the supernatural world, Bela has no interest in the \\\"altruistic or obsessed or revenge-minded motives of hunting\\\". Writer and producer Sera Gamble summarized the writing team's characterization of Bela as a greedy \\\"mercenary that \\\"[sic]\\\" just [doesn't] give a\",\n \"April Lee Hernández stand-up comedy, she has also appeared in several commercials, as well as on the television series \\\"ER\\\", \\\"Law & Order\\\", and \\\"30 Rock\\\". In June 2010 she was cast for the American cult series \\\"Dexter\\\". She is known for her role in the 2007 drama \\\"Freedom Writers\\\", in which she played Eva, based on real-life high school student Maria Reyes. Hernandez has said that she was \\\"determined\\\" to be cast in \\\"Freedom Writers\\\". She admires Jennifer Lopez, and has stated that Lopez \\\"opened the door for me so that I don't have to take certain roles\\\" as a Hispanic-American actress.\",\n \"the world into a utopian society without crime, under the alias of a literal human deity: \\\"Kira\\\", while being hunted down by an elite task-force of law enforcement officials within Seattle City, led by an enigmatic international detective known as L and his own father, veteran Seattle detective: James Turner. Margaret Qualley portrays Mia Sutton (based on the sociopathic qualities of Light Yagami), Light's girlfriend who assists him in his activities as \\\"Kira\\\". In this adaptation, Light has vast character differences from his manga counterpart and does not have a sister and has lost his mother in a hit and\",\n \"Angela (comics) Angela is a fictional comic book superhero created by author Neil Gaiman and artist Todd McFarlane. She first appeared as a supporting antagonist in McFarlane's creator-owned series \\\"Spawn\\\", making her debut in issue #9 in March 1993, and later starring in her own self-titled miniseries. She is an angel and a bounty hunter, working under the auspices of Heaven to oppose Spawn. Angela was later the subject of a legal battle between McFarlane and Gaiman over the rights to the character, which Gaiman won. Gaiman later sold the rights to the character to Marvel Comics; she was integrated\",\n \"Angela Franklin Angela Franklin is a fictional demonic killer from the \\\"Night of the Demons\\\" series of films. She is the only character to have appeared in every film in the series. Created by screenwriter Joe Augustyn and portrayed by actress Amelia Kinkade in three films between 1988 and 1997, she is a young woman possessed by a demon, and attacks her victims if they enter the property of Hull House. Angela is commonly identified by her black wedding dress, seductive, trance-seducing erotic dancing. But then just as quickly her disfigured face, burnt flesh caused by obsession of setting various\",\n \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 2) is right. Impatient with the ritualistic attitude of the Order of Aurelius, Spike kills the Anointed One and becomes the more informal leader of Sunnydale's vampire society. Meanwhile, love is in the air for the members of the Scooby Gang as Buffy and Angel fall deeply in love, Xander Harris (Nicholas Brendon) and Cordelia Chase (Charisma Carpenter) begin an unlikely relationship, Willow Rosenberg (Alyson Hannigan) finds romance in the form of guitarist Daniel \\\"Oz\\\" Osbourne (Seth Green) and even Rupert Giles (Anthony Stewart Head) begins to further his relationship with computer science teacher turned techno-pagan Jenny Calendar (Robia LaMorte). Although\",\n \"Frances Conroy anthology series, in which each season would be completely different with new characters each season. During this time, Conroy was nominated for a fifth Primetime Emmy Award in the Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie category. For the second season, dubbed \\\"\\\", Conroy re-joined the cast playing The Angel of Death in a multi-episode arc. And in 2013, she guest starred on \\\"Royal Pains\\\"; portraying Blythe Ballard. She also co-starred in the television movie \\\"Ring of Fire\\\", where she played Maybelle Carter. Conroy was once more cast for \\\"American Horror Story\\\"'s third season during this time, \\\"\\\",\",\n \"Charlotte Rampling appeared as Helena in the dance drama \\\"StreetDance 3D\\\" and the nun Mary in \\\"The Mill and the Cross\\\" with Michael York and Rutger Hauer. In 2011, she appeared in Lars Von Trier's \\\"Melancholia.\\\" For her role in the 2012 miniseries \\\"Restless,\\\" Rampling was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award. In 2013, she appeared as Dr. Evelyn Vogel in the final season of \\\"Dexter.\\\" Rampling also appeared as Alice in the drama \\\"Jeune et Jolie\\\" and the elderly Adriana do Prado in \\\"Night Train to Lisbon.\\\" Other television roles include the ITV drama \\\"Broadchurch\\\"\",\n \"E/R hospital setting. Dr. Howard Sheinfeld (Elliott Gould) Twice-divorced Otolaryngologist (his wives were named Phyllis and Sheila) and father of two (David and Jenny), who—in order to keep up his alimony payments to said ex-wives—worked long hours at Clark Street Hospital's emergency room. Despite his joking nature and his constant womanizing, he is a compassionate and well-respected doctor. Dr. Eve Sheridan (Marcia Strassman in the pilot; Mary McDonnell thereafter) The head doctor in the ER. Born in a medical family (her father was also a doctor), she takes her job very seriously. She tends to come down hard on Howard for\",\n \"Rebecca Gayheart as cellist Clair Rutledge, the love interest of Russell Wong's main character, Jian-Wa Chang. In 1994 and 1995, Gayheart played Bess Martin in the science-fiction series \\\"Earth 2\\\". In 1995, she played Antonia Marchette, a recurring character in the series \\\"Beverly Hills, 90210\\\", and Luke Perry's character's love interest. Gayheart was a regular on the short-lived 1999 television series \\\"Wasteland\\\", \\\"Dead Like Me\\\", and \\\"Vanished\\\", and had a recurring role on \\\"Nip/Tuck\\\". In 1999, Gayheart also starred in the movie \\\"Jawbreaker\\\" with Rose McGowan, Julie Benz, and Judy Greer as girls in an exclusive clique in their high school. Gayheart\",\n \"Edie Britt Edie Williams (née Britt, previously McLain and Rothwell) is a fictional character created by television producer and screenwriter Marc Cherry for the ABC television series \\\"Desperate Housewives\\\". Nicollette Sheridan portrayed Edie from her debut in the pilot episode of the series until the character's death in the fifth season. Within the series, Edie was one of several residents of the fictitious Wisteria Lane; she lived at 4362 Wisteria Lane in Fairview, Eagle State. Edie was a real estate agent. She was married three times; to Charles McLain (with whom she had a son, Travers), Umberto Rothwell, and Dave\",\n \"Lara Flynn Boyle Takes You\\\" (alongside her \\\"Twin Peaks\\\" costar Kyle MacLachlan), Stacy in Penelope Spheeris's comedy \\\"Wayne's World\\\", and Beverly Franks in Alan Rudolph's crime drama \\\"Equinox\\\". This led to her being replaced by actress Moira Kelly. In 1993, Boyle starred as Kris Bolin in the thriller film \\\"The Temp\\\" and portrayed the temptress Suzanne Brown in the neo-noir film \\\"Red Rock West\\\" alongside Nicolas Cage and Dennis Hopper. In 1994, Boyle was cast as Alex in the comedy \\\"Threesome\\\", Laraine Cotwell in \\\"Baby's Day Out\\\", and Ida Muntz in \\\"The Road to Wellville\\\". The same year, Boyle appeared in the television\",\n \"Billie Jenkins which Billie finds a pentagram on the last page. The pentagram is a symbol for the demonic council known as Triad (Steven J. Oliver, Seren Oliver, and Leland Crooke). She eventually gains enough control over her powers to travel to the past, speak to Christy, and find her location. Billie rescues Christy off-screen between the episodes \\\"12 Angry Zen\\\" and \\\"The Last Temptation of Christy\\\". With the Halliwells' help, she attempts to help Christy reintegrate into everyday life and gain control over her powers. Unbeknown to Billie, Christy has been brainwashed by the Triad and has been instructed to turn\",\n \"Joyce Summers Joyce Summers is a fictional character in the action-horror television series \\\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\\\" (1997–2003). Played by Kristine Sutherland, Joyce is the mother of the main character, Buffy Summers, and appears in 58 of the 144 episodes. The premise of the series is that Buffy is the latest Slayer, a young woman endowed by mystical forces with superhuman powers to fight and defeat vampires, demons, and other evil forces in the fictional town of Sunnydale. Like every Slayer before her, she was chosen and informed of her destiny when she was 15 years old. Her mother is\",\n \"American Horror Story: Asylum and Franka Potente was cast in an unspecified role, which was later revealed to be Anne Frank / Charlotte Brown. In August 2012, Blake Sheldon was cast in the dual role of Devon and Cooper, both described as \\\"tall, thin and psychopathic.\\\" Ultimately Sheldon wound up portraying only Cooper. alum Frances Conroy guest starred as Shachath, the Angel of Death. Eric Stonestreet was scheduled to guest star again, this season as a killer, but the appearance never came to fruition. Mark Margolis recurred as Sam Goodwin, while David Chisum and Amy Farrington guest starred as a caring husband and a\",\n \"a huge hole in Faith's life. It was not long after his death that she was promoted to homicide, becoming one of only three women in the division. After seeing the toll the internal investigation took on her mother, transforming her into an old woman before Faith's eyes, Faith came to hate Will Trent. In Fractured, she meets him, and ends up having to work with him. Over time, she grew to like Will, and at the end of Fractured, She accepted Amanda Wagner's offer to join the Georgia Bureau of Investigation as Will's partner. Amanda Wagner -- Amanda is\",\n \"Code Black (TV series) for a second season in May 2016. On February 17, 2015, Marcia Gay Harden was cast as Christa, a soccer mom who lost her son to cancer. On February 23, Melanie Chandra was cast as Malaya, a doctor beginning her residency. Maggie Grace was cast as Dr. Leanne Rorish, the lead of the show, the following day. On March 3, Luis Guzman was set to star as Jose Santiago, a senior nurse. The character's name was later changed to Jesse Salander. The following day, Raza Jaffrey was cast as Neal, and Ben Hollingsworth was set to star as Mario, a\",\n \"(Mandy Patinkin), Aaron Hotchner (Thomas Gibson), Elle Greenaway (Lola Glaudini), Derek Morgan (Shemar Moore), Spencer Reid (Matthew Gray Gubler), Jennifer Jareau (A. J. Cook), and Penelope Garcia (Kirsten Vangsness) as the original cast. Throughout the show's later seasons, the characters Emily Prentiss (Paget Brewster), David Rossi (Joe Mantegna), Ashley Seaver (Rachel Nichols), Alex Blake (Jeanne Tripplehorn), Kate Callahan (Jennifer Love Hewitt), Tara Lewis (Aisha Tyler), Luke Alvez (Adam Rodriguez), Stephen Walker (Damon Gupton), and Matt Simmons (Daniel Henney) were introduced. \\\"Criminal Minds\\\" has gained critical acclaim for its characterization, pacing, atmosphere, acting, directing, and writing. It has also become a\",\n \"Buffy Summers confesses her love to a disbelieving Spike before he sacrifices himself to save the world; as he dies, Buffy escapes Sunnydale's destruction with the surviving characters. Following the end of \\\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\\\", the character maintains a presence in the fifth season of \\\"Angel\\\" (2003–2004), but does not appear onscreen. In the episode \\\"The Girl in Question\\\", Angel and a resurrected Spike travel to Rome to find her, where they learn she is apparently now dating the Immortal. Sarah Michelle Gellar was approached to appear as Buffy in \\\"Angel\\\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s one hundredth episode, but declined, so the character of Cordelia\",\n \"Natalia Boa Vista Natalia Boa Vista is a fictional character on the CBS crime drama \\\"\\\", portrayed by actress Eva LaRue. Little is known about Natalia's background prior to her association with the FBI and MDPD. In the Season 5 episode \\\"Darkroom\\\", it is revealed that she has at least two younger sisters, Anya and Christine. She was married to Nick Townsend (Rob Estes) and later divorced him due to his abusive nature. In a flashback scene during the Season 8 opener, it is revealed that she had first met Horatio Caine in 1997 during her stint with the FBI.\",\n \"Charles Gunn (Angel) truck in a deal with a demon named Jenoff when he was only seventeen, because he believed he had no future (cf. \\\"Double or Nothing\\\"). Gunn is introduced in the Season One episode \\\"War Zone\\\", when he observes the vampire Angel roughing up a blackmailer and tries, unsuccessfully, to dust him. Later on, a gang of vampires, who are at war with Gunn's group, attack their hideout, kidnapping several group members in the process, including Gunn's sister Alonna. Eventually, Angel wins Gunn's trust, but unfortunately not in time to save Alonna from being turned into a vampire. Gunn has no\",\n \"Per Manum means \\\"by hand\\\" in Latin. Pregnant Kathy McCready is undergoing an emergency caesarean. As her husband prepares, the ward is locked down, and the child delivered is seen to be an alien. FBI special agents John Doggett (Robert Patrick) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) meet Duffy Haskell (Jay Acovone), who tells them about his wife—a multiple-abductee who he believes was killed by her doctors upon giving birth to an alien child. He also describes how his wife's cancer was both caused and cured by her abductors. Duffy refers the agents to Zeus Genetics in Maryland, and shows them an ultrasound\",\n \"City of Angels (2000 TV series) City of Angels is an American medical drama television series which ran for two seasons on CBS during the 2000 calendar year. It was network television's first medical drama with a predominantly African American cast. The show centered on the professional and personal lives of the doctors and nurses at Angels of Mercy Hospital in Los Angeles, California. While the show brought about familiar faces (Vivica A. Fox, Blair Underwood and Michael Warren), it was a launching point for actors Hill Harper, Gabrielle Union and Maya Rudolph. The show was cancelled in December 2000.\",\n \"and Elaine (Elaine Lui). Their first act is to seize a massive drug shipment with the help of an American secret operative, Commander Alex Fong (Alex Fong). This inevitably invokes the rage of frighteningly fierce Madam Yeung (Yukari Oshima) who recently grabbed the mantel of power after killing her predecessor. After a series of tussles with Madam Yeung, Saijo finds himself buried alive in an armored car while Moon and Elaine settle their score with their nemesis kung fu style. Angel (1987 film) Angel (Chinese title: 天使行動; aka \\\"Angels\\\", \\\"Fighting Madam\\\" (USA), \\\"Iron Angels\\\", \\\"Midnight Angels\\\") is a 1987 Hong\",\n \"Zachariah (Supernatural) Zachariah is a fictional character portrayed by Kurt Fuller on The CW Television Network's drama and horror television series \\\"Supernatural\\\". An angel, he first appears in the fourth season and helps manipulate the series protagonist Sam Winchester into releasing Lucifer onto the Earth. In the fifth season, he attempts to convince Dean Winchester into serving as the human vessel for the archangel Michael to start the apocalypse. The opportunity to play an angel initially excited Fuller because he thought that it would give him the chance to break away from his streak of playing villains. Despite the character\",\n \"Characters of Glee discovering Terri was faking her pregnancy, Will ends his marriage and shares a kiss with Emma. Their relationship does not solidify over the remainder of the season, however, and Emma starts dating Carl Howell (John Stamos) at the end of the school year. In the second season, though Will tries to win Emma back, she marries Carl. Will has a brief relationship with Holly Holliday (Gwyneth Paltrow) starting in the episode \\\"Sexy\\\". Holly takes a job in Cleveland, leaving Will free to pursue Emma after Emma's marriage ends in an annulment. April Rhodes returns and asks for Will's help with\",\n \"Bride of Deimos from \\\"God\\\" in heaven, sent to collect good souls. Angel appears as a young woman with light fluffy hair and large eyes. In her angelic form she has white feathered wings, a halo, and wears a long, flowing robe. However, Angel's actions and intentions are questionable. She has been seen coming to Earth when she's bored and will make bets with Deimos regarding human nature. She also engineered the death of a good young man so that she could collect his soul when it was at its most beautiful state, even though the man would have lived for many years\",\n \"Angela Petrelli cake and the young Haitian to mind-wipe her memories of the painful tests and her scape from Primatech (\\\"which is later on confessed by Noah in \\\"Cautionary Tales\\\"\\\"). In \\\"June 13 - Part 1\\\", Angela meets with Doctor Mohinder Suresh on June 13, 2014, shortly before the Odessa Peace Summit. Angela reveals her knowledge of the H.E.L.E, a human-extinction-level event and she has sold Primatech to Erica Kravid as she believed Erica could save the world. However, Erica only pretended to care and is planning on only saving those she wants to save. Angela has pretended to agree with her,\",\n \"Angel and Apostle scarlet “A” that her mother wore. Soon afterward London has a great fire and burns all of Nehemiah’s trading goods. Pearl lets Nehemiah leave her for someone with fewer traumas which he does. Pearl and Devlin leave with Abigail for New England to make a new life. Pearl - the illegitimate child of Hester, wife of Nehemiah, and mother of Abigail. She is the main character. Hester - the mother of Pearl who is forced by law to wear a scarlet \\\"A\\\" on her chest because she committed adultery Doctor Devlin - the physician for the local minister and the\",\n \"Evening Shade when she was only 18 (a frequently voiced grievance by her father, Evan Evans, the owner of the local newspaper), are devoted to one another despite the age difference. Ava is an ambitious and successful practicing lawyer who in the first season is elected District Attorney while pregnant with their fourth (unintended) child, Emily. Among Wood's and Ava's closest friends are the somewhat older Harlan Eldridge, the town doctor, and his trusting wife, Merleen, who is always eager to believe the best of people. The show's plots focus on the various difficulties that Wood faces in living a much different\",\n \"Tess Harding Tess Harding is a fictional character created by Jason Katims for the 1999-2002 American science fiction television series \\\"Roswell\\\". She was portrayed by actress Emilie de Ravin. Tess came to Earth with the other alien-human hybrids, Max Evans, Isabel Evans and Michael Guerin, but left her pod after they left theirs. They are clones of dead royalty, known as the Royal Four, from the planet Antar. She was raised by another alien, Nasedo, who had apparently been sent to Earth to protect them. However, he had made a deal with Kivar (the enemy of the Royal Four) 40\",\n \"Lucifer (TV series) cast as Maze (Mazikeen), however, the role was later recast with Lesley-Ann Brandt. Nicholas Gonzalez portrayed Dan in the pilot episode. In June 2016, it was announced that Tricia Helfer had been cast as Lucifer and Amenadiel's mother, Charlotte, and that she was to appear in multiple episodes in the second season. The character was promoted to series regular in July 2016. Aimee Garcia had also been cast as a regular in the second season, playing L.A.P.D.'s forensic scientist Ella Lopez. In August 2016, executive producer Ildy Modrovich announced the casting of Michael Imperioli as the angel Uriel, Amenadiel and\",\n \"The Sinner (TV series) Television Film and Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film for Jessica Biel. Biel was also nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie. In the first season, Detective Harry Ambrose (Bill Pullman) delves into the past of a troubled young mother (Jessica Biel), in order to determine why she fatally stabbed a man during a beach outing but has no memory of why she committed the crime. In the second season, Ambrose returns to his hometown, after a 13-year-old boy confesses to poisoning a couple, and learns secrets that the town's\",\n \"American Horror Story alum Denis O'Hare also joined the cast in an unknown role, later revealed as Spalding. In November 2013, Ryan Murphy confirmed that Jessica Lange would be returning for a fourth season, although in a reduced capacity. It was later revealed she would be playing Freak Show owner Elsa Mars. Kathy Bates returned in a main role, portraying bearded lady Ethel Darling. On March 29, 2014, Murphy announced that Sarah Paulson, Evan Peters, Frances Conroy, Emma Roberts, Denis O'Hare, and Angela Bassett would all return for the fourth season. Paulson portrayed conjoined sisters Bette and Dot Tattler; Peters portrayed \\\"Lobster Boy\\\"\",\n \"Lila Crane Lila Loomis (née Crane) is a fictional character created by American author Robert Bloch in his 1959 thriller novel \\\"Psycho\\\"; portrayed by Vera Miles in the 1960 version of \\\"Psycho\\\" directed by Alfred Hitchcock. She is also portrayed by Julianne Moore in the 1998 version of \\\"Psycho\\\". She is the sister of slain victim Marion Crane. Additionally, Lila appears in Bloch's 1982 sequel novel \\\"Psycho II\\\", and the unrelated 1983 sequel film of the same name, in which she serves as an antagonist. Lila Crane is the younger sister of Marion Crane (Janet Leigh). After Marion steals $40,000\",\n \"Illyria: Spotlight Illyria: Spotlight is a comic, a story based on the \\\"Angel\\\" television series. This title, along with the others in IDW Publishing's \\\"Spotlight\\\" series, was collected in the \\\"Angel: Spotlight\\\" trade paperback. Illyria, an Old One who has only recently been reintroduced to its life, tries to further understand humanity by studying the vessel whom it now occupies, Fred. Illyria considers whether she is capable of guilt. A woman named Mrs. Balducci addresses the court in a Los Angeles courtroom. She asks for leniency for Alex Rich, the man who killed her son and three other people in\",\n \"María LaGuerta She confides in Dexter, as he is the \\\"only other one who knows\\\". After Miguel's own death by Dexter's hand, she becomes distraught that the Cuban community is thinking about naming a highway after him. She wants to find admissible evidence to prove he killed Wolf, but Dexter is able to convince her that doing so would only hurt Miguel's family and the community, and that even then the case would be weak. Reluctantly, LaGuerta drops it. At the start of season four, LaGuerta is shown to be romantically involved with Det. Angel Batista. They keep their romance hidden from\",\n \"Ellen Zitek City to work as a nurse. She was introduced as the step-sister of Nina Farr (Rebekah Gibbs). The character's most notable storyline is the portrayal of cancer resulting from a molar pregnancy. The story was based on a real life case and Bouzova researched the condition thoroughly. She also cut her waist length hair short to accommodate her character's chemotherapy treatment. Other stories include marrying Abs Denham (James Redmond) for a visa and believing she is pregnant by Harry Harper (Simon MacCorkindale). In 2006, Bouzova decided to leave the show to pursue other projects. The actress was not allowed to\",\n \"Melissa George Melissa Suzanne George (born 6 August 1976) is an Australian-American actress. A former national rollerskating champion and model, George began her acting career playing Angel Parrish on the Australian soap opera \\\"Home and Away\\\" (1993–96). After moving to the United States, George made her big-screen debut in 1998 in the neo-noir/science fiction film \\\"Dark City\\\". She later appeared in Steven Soderbergh's \\\"The Limey\\\" (1999), David Lynch's \\\"Mulholland Drive\\\" (2001), \\\"Sugar & Spice\\\" (2001), and \\\"Down with Love\\\" (2003). In 2005, George transitioned into leading roles when she played Kathy Lutz in the remake of \\\"The Amityville Horror\\\". She\",\n \"Lana Parrilla a divorcee whose identity has been stolen. Also in 2008, she starred in the CBS summer series \\\"Swingtown\\\" as Trina Decker, a woman who is part of a Swinging couple. In 2010, Parrilla had a female lead role in the Jerry Bruckheimer-produced \\\"Miami Medical\\\" on CBS, which had a short run towards the end of the 2009–10 television season before it was canceled in July 2010. \\\"Windfall\\\", \\\"Swingtown\\\" and \\\"Miami Medical\\\" were all canceled after 13 episodes. In February 2011, she was cast as Mayor Regina Mills/The Evil Queen, in the ABC adventure fantasy drama pilot, \\\"Once Upon a Time\\\"\",\n \"Terms of Endearment (The X-Files) Persky) learn via an ultrasound scan that their unborn child has bizarre physical abnormalities, such as horn-like protrusions. Weinsider appears to be especially distraught after hearing the news. That night, Laura has a terrifying dream in which a demon-like figure snatches the baby from her womb. When she wakes up, the couple discover that Laura has seemingly miscarried. Laura's brother, local deputy sheriff Arky Stevens, reports her story to the X-Files section at the FBI. Agent Jeffrey Spender (Chris Owens) discards the report, but Agent Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) salvages the case and travels to Virginia with Agent Dana Scully\",\n \"Piper Halliwell season two finale, Piper and her sisters discover that the many attacks on their lives by evil beings have been orchestrated by a demonic force known as The Council. Piper also desires to learn more about Leo's life as a whitelighter and asks him to take her to meet The Elders, senior whitelighters who act as the authoritative council for all of good magic. The couple are last seen orbing off to The Elders' heavenly realm. In season three (2000–01), after being detained \\\"Up There\\\" for a month, Piper and Leo are told by The Elders to end their relationship\",\n \"Chloe O'Brian Chloe O'Brian is a fictional character played by actress Mary Lynn Rajskub on the US television series \\\"24\\\". An analyst at CTU Los Angeles (and later New York), she is Jack Bauer's most trusted colleague, often doing unconventional and unauthorized favors for him, even at personal risk to herself. As O'Brian, Rajskub appeared in 137 episodes of \\\"24\\\", more than any other actor except series star Kiefer Sutherland, who appeared in all 204 episodes of the series. UGO.com named her one of the best TV nerds. AOL named her one of the 100 Most Memorable Female TV Characters.\",\n \"Messiah (TV series) written directly for television. Starling has a cameo as a murder victim's corpse in the first serial. A crime series, it follows the investigations of DCI Red Metcalfe, who often investigates particularly gruesome murders. Metcalfe is played by Scottish actor Ken Stott, and the other main regulars in the series are Kate Beauchamp (Frances Grey), Duncan Warren (Neil Dudgeon) and Metcalfe's wife Susan (Michelle Forbes). The deafness of Forbes' character necessitated both her and Stott learning British Sign Language for their characters' frequent exchanges. \\\"Messiah I\\\" is the only series to be directly adopted from the novel, and deals with\",\n \"Angel (1999 TV series) who had been the most popular and superficial girl in Sunnydale High on \\\"Buffy\\\", develops over the course of the series from an insecure young woman struggling in a daunting real world into an unexpectedly mature woman. Similarly, Wesley, the once uptight and bookish Watcher, becomes a man of quiet confidence and often ruthless action. In much the same way as \\\"Buffy\\\" had been both a homage and parody of traditional horror films, \\\"Angel\\\" gave the same treatment to the classical \\\"film noir\\\". Producer Kelly Manners said \\\"\\\"Angel\\\" is a dark show about a man looking for redemption... We have\",\n \"Torchwood film star Bill Pullman joins as Oswald Danes, a highly intelligent child murderer, and Lauren Ambrose plays Jilly Kitzinger, a ruthless PR woman who takes on Danes as a client. Tur's character is killed off in the fifth episode, whilst Pullman and Havins last until episode ten. Recurring characters include CIA directors Brian Friedkin (Wayne Knight) and Allen Shapiro (John de Lancie), San Pedro camp manager Colin Maloney (Marc Vann), Esther's sister Sarah Drummond (Candace Brown), and CIA watch analysts Charlotte Willis (Marina Benedict) and Noah Vickers (Paul James). Nana Visitor plays Olivia Colasanto, who directs the team toward their\",\n \"The X-Files (season 3) up with the fast-paced nature of the show. The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. Mulder is later found in the desert following the events of the second season finale and nursed back to health by Albert Hosteen (Floyd Red Crow Westerman). Meanwhile, Scully investigates the possible involvement of the smallpox eradication program in human genetic experimentation, discovering that a Nazi scientist who defected during Operation Paperclip has been conducting human experimentation to create alien-human hybrids. Her sister Melissa (Melinda McGraw),\",\n \"April Kepner him, earning her the nickname \\\"Shepherd's flunky\\\". In the season six finale, she discovers the body of her best friend Reed Adamson, who has been shot. She later runs into the shooter, Gary Clark, who lets her go after she tells him about her life after remembering a technique she says she learned from Oprah. Following the shooting, Kepner and Avery move into Meredith Grey's (Ellen Pompeo) house. Kepner reveals that she is a virgin because she is a Christian and made a promise to God to stay a virgin until she was married, she also states that she thinks\",\n \"Once More, with Feeling (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) from stores, including Anya's magic shop, lies to Buffy and goes on a clandestine and almost deadly date. Left to take care of Dawn after the death of their mother Joyce Summers (Kristine Sutherland) in the fifth season (\\\"The Body\\\"), Buffy has come to depend more heavily on Giles. Following Dawn's date, Buffy asks Giles to shoulder responsibility for disciplining her, much to his discomfort. Buffy's former nemesis is Spike (James Marsters), a vampire. In the fourth season The Initiative, a secret military organization whose mission is to evaluate and eliminate demonic beings, rendered Spike harmless by implanting a microchip\",\n \"Faraway, So Close! they can hear the thoughts of the people around them, and try to console a dying man. Cassiel has been following his friend Damiel (a former angel), who senses his presence and talks about his experiences as a human. He owns a pizza parlor named Casa dell'angelo (Angel's House) and has married Marion, a trapeze artist whom he met when an angel. She works in a local bar in West Berlin, and the two have a young daughter, Doria. Cassiel follows Raissa Becker, an 11-year-old girl who lives in the former East Berlin. He observes her life and notices that\",\n \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 2) Buffy's brief death in the season one finale. Xander becomes involved with Cordelia, while Willow becomes involved with witchcraft and Daniel \\\"Oz\\\" Osbourne, who becomes a werewolf after being bitten by a young cousin who just happens to be a werewolf. Buffy and the vampire Angel develop a relationship over the course of the season, but Angel's dark past as the evil and sadistic Angelus threatens to destroy Buffy and the world. The emotional stakes are raised in season two as Buffy Summers (Sarah Michelle Gellar) returns from a summer in Los Angeles after her death at the end of\",\n \"Charlie's Angels (season 4) This is a list of episodes for the fourth season of the TV series Charlie's Angels. Originally aired from September 12, 1979 to May 7, 1980 for a total of 25 episodes, the season starred Jaclyn Smith, Cheryl Ladd, David Doyle, and introduced Shelley Hack as new angel Tiffany Welles, a police graduate from Boston. Original star Farrah Fawcett also reprises her role as Jill Munroe in three episodes. The fourth season of the show saw a further decline in viewing figures, but still remained in the top 20 (#17 in the Nielsen chart); some believing\",\n \"she played Molly Stewart/Angel, a high school honor student by day, and a prostitute by night. The film spawned three unsuccessful sequels in which Wilkes had no involvement. Wiles was 25 at the time she played the 15-year-old character. To prepare for the role she spent time in halfway houses and rehabilitation centers in LA. \\\"I actually walked on the streets with these girls and talked with them... and I also talked to the people with the group called Children of the Night, and to the Hollywood Police Department, too.\\\" Donna Wilkes Donna Consuelos Wilkes (born November 11, 1959) is\",\n \"Harmony Kendall anything vampire-related (in actuality, the toys were possessed demonic creatures). This, in combination with the criminal activities of rogue Slayer Simone Doffler, the destruction of Sunnydale and the machinations of the villain Twilight has forced the Slayers into retreat as the whole world now views them as terrorists. Harmony appears twice in Angel & Faith. During \\\"In Perfect Harmony\\\" it is revealed she used her fame to create rules that when vampires feed from humans they can never kill nor sire and must bite only after the human gives permission. The vast majority of vampires follow these rules for the\",\n \"Band of Angels slave, by her new owner. At his city mansion, she meets his key slaves, his housekeeper (and former lover) Michele (Carolle Drake) and his conflicted right-hand-man Rau-Ru (Sidney Poitier). Rau-Ru is grateful for the kindness, education and trust Hamish has bestowed on him, but hates him anyway because his kindness is a more insidious method of keeping him enslaved than overt cruelty would be. Michele tries to help Amantha escape, but Rau-Ru has been watching her for Hamish and brings her back to the mansion. During a storm, Amantha and Hamish give in to their mutual passion. He takes his\",\n \"Case\\\", \\\"Seinfeld\\\", \\\"Married... with Children\\\", a recurring role as Judge Mary Harcourt on \\\"L.A. Law\\\", a recurring role as Judge Tiano on \\\"The Closer\\\" and numerous other judge roles in \\\"The Division\\\", \\\"Sparks\\\", \\\"JAG\\\", \\\"The Wayans Bros.\\\", \\\"Gabriel's Fire\\\", \\\"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\\\" and others. Lehman was married briefly to actor John Amos. Lillian Lehman Lillian Lehman (born February 12, 1947) is an American actress. She played Lena Hart in NBC's soap opera \\\"Sunset Beach\\\", recurring role as Nurse Carol on \\\"Emergency!\\\" and Dr. Joyce Meadows on ABC's \\\"General Hospital\\\". She has also been cast in various guest roles on TV,\",\n \"Anya Jenkins \\\"Checkpoint\\\", Anya is questioned by members of the Watchers' Council, and invents the full name Anya Christina Emmanuella Jenkins, and claims to have been born on the Fourth of July in Indiana. During an impending apocalypse, brought about by Glory at the end of Season Five, Xander proposes to Anya and they are engaged for most of Season Six. Xander's doubts grow, however, and it is not difficult for Stewart Burns - escaped from Hell and impersonating Xander's future self - to persuade him to leave Anya at the wedding by showing him an illusionary life where Anya apparently cheats\",\n \"The City on the Edge of Forever to blend in, they meet a woman named Edith Keeler (Joan Collins), who runs the 21st Street Mission. They're given a place to sleep, along with doing odd jobs to earn money. Spock works to devise a method of interfacing with his tricorder to analyze its recorded images to determine how McCoy has altered history. While they await his arrival, Kirk and Keeler spend time together, and Kirk begins to fall in love. McCoy stumbles into the mission, unnoticed by Kirk and Spock, and Keeler nurses him back to health. Spock completes his work and discovers that Keeler was supposed\",\n \"Grace Lee Whitney played the historical figure Nellie Cashman, then a restaurateur, in the 1969 episode, \\\"The Angel of Tombstone\\\" of the syndicated western series, \\\"Death Valley Days\\\", hosted by Robert Taylor not long before his death. In the story line, Cashman and several men from Tombstone, Arizona, travel to Baja California in search of gold found by a Mexican prospector. On reaching the site, Cashman learns how a Catholic mission has been quietly financing its charitable work. Gregg Barton, Tris Coffin, and Joaquin Martinez also guest starred in this episode. Her roles in the 1970s included \\\"The Bold Ones\\\", \\\"Cannon\\\", and \\\"Hart\",\n \"Cheryl Ladd Cheryl Ladd (born Cheryl Jean Stoppelmoor; July 12, 1951) is an American actress, singer and author best known for her role as Kris Munroe in the ABC television series \\\"Charlie's Angels\\\" in which she was hired for its second season in 1977 to replace Farrah Fawcett-Majors. Ladd remained on the show until its cancellation in 1981. Her film roles include \\\"Purple Hearts\\\" (1984), \\\"Millennium\\\" (1989), \\\"Poison Ivy\\\" (1992), \\\"Permanent Midnight\\\" (1998) and \\\"Unforgettable\\\" (2017). Ladd was born Cheryl Jean Stoppelmoor in Huron, South Dakota, the second daughter of Dolores (née Katz), a waitress and Marion Stoppelmoor (1929–2001), a\",\n \"is more important than anything, but she refuses to let him do it, knowing that she is the reason his life was messed up. But they both hope to be able to meet again in the future. Isabel Evans Isabel Evans is a fictional character created by Melinda Metz for the young adults book series \\\"Roswell High\\\" and adapted by Jason Katims for the 1999-2002 American science fiction television series \\\"Roswell\\\". She was portrayed by actress Katherine Heigl in the television series. Isabel Evans is an alien-human hybrid like her brother Max Evans and best friend Michael Guerin. She and\",\n \"Mary Alice Young as the deceased Rex Van de Kamp) and the fifth season episode \\\"Look Into Their Eyes and You See What They Know\\\" (in which Nicollette Sheridan narrates the episode as the deceased Edie Britt). The mystery surrounding Mary Alice and her family was the main storyline in the first season of the series, and it is resolved in the first-season finale. Cherry had wanted there to be a \\\"definite end\\\" to the mystery, hoping to avoid similar viewer fatigue that \\\"Twin Peaks\\\" suffered after drawing out its central mystery past its first season. ABC executives initially protested the writers' decision\",\n \"Liz Sanbourne Liz Sanbourne is a fictional character from the American soap opera \\\"Passions\\\", which aired on National Broadcasting Company (NBC) from 1999–2007 and on DirecTV from 2007–08. Created by the soap's head writer, James E. Reilly, Liz was portrayed by Amelia Marshall from October 3, 2001 to February 17, 2006. Arreale Davis and Taquel Graves also played the character in flashbacks in 2003. Reilly approached Marshall about the role after they worked together on \\\"Guiding Light\\\"; Marshall was attracted to the series due to the opportunity to play a darker and more complex character than her previous experiences. Her\",\n \"Lana Parrilla in the thirteenth episode, her character was written out after she tried to thwart another character's promotion from temporary to permanent CTU head Michelle Dessler (Reiko Aylesworth). In 2006, Parrilla starred in the NBC summer series \\\"Windfall\\\" alongside Luke Perry, fellow former \\\"24\\\" cast member Sarah Wynter, and Parilla's former \\\"Boomtown\\\" castmate Jason Gedrick. In 2007, she guest starred as Greta during the third season of ABC's \\\"Lost\\\" in the episodes \\\"Greatest Hits\\\" and \\\"Through the Looking Glass\\\" In 2008, she had a leading role on the Lifetime movie \\\"The Double Life of Eleanor Kendall,\\\" in which she played Nellie,\",\n \"Miracles (TV series) Miracles is an American drama television program starring Skeet Ulrich and Angus Macfadyen. Created by Richard Hatem and Michael Petroni, the series was dubbed a \\\"spiritual version of \\\"The X-Files\\\"\\\" by its creators. Following the pilot, David Greenwalt, co-creator of \\\"Angel\\\" (the spin-off of \\\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\\\") served as the show's executive producer and head writer for the remaining twelve episodes. \\\"Miracles\\\" follows Paul Callan, an investigator of modern miracles for the Catholic Church who questions his faith after repeatedly finding mundane explanations for various supposed phenomena. After he witnesses a true, supernatural miracle that saves\",\n \"Angel Heart Angel Heart is a 1987 American neo-noir horror film based on William Hjortsberg's 1978 novel \\\"Falling Angel\\\". Written and directed by Alan Parker, it stars Mickey Rourke, Robert De Niro, Lisa Bonet and Charlotte Rampling. The story follows Harry Angel (Rourke), a New York City private investigator hired to solve the disappearance of a popular singer known as Johnny Favorite. Harry's investigation takes him to New Orleans, where he becomes embroiled in a series of brutal, occult-related murders. Following publication of the novel, Hjortsberg began developing a screenplay for a film adaptation, but was unable to secure a\",\n \"Rose Nylund five children: Brigit, Jenella, Kirsten, Adam, and Charlie Jr. Rose also has two granddaughters by Kirsten - Charley (named for Kirsten's father) and another unnamed, mentioned in the episode where Rose had her heart attack. Of her children, only Brigit and Kirsten appeared on the show, although Kirsten was played by two different actresses. Charlie died of a heart attack while he and Rose were making love in 1980 and this gave Rose a fear of sexual intimacy for several years thereafter. Years later, a boyfriend named Al Beatty (Richard Roat) dies in a similar fashion. On one episode Rose\",\n \"Cast of ER Nurse Carol Hathaway before becoming part of the regular cast. The first additions to the main cast came in Season 2 with Gloria Reuben signing on as Physician Assistant Jeanie Boulet (recurring character in Season 1), and in Season 3 with Laura Innes as Dr. Kerry Weaver (recurring character in Season 2). In Season 4, Maria Bello signed on as Dr. Anna Del Amico (recurring character at the end of Season 3) and Alex Kingston joined the cast as Dr. Elizabeth Corday. Season 5 saw the addition of Kellie Martin as medical student Lucy Knight. George Clooney's departure towards the\",\n \"a beautiful engineer who came to work with Tom Howard and Jack Rolfe at the Mermaid yard and Vanessa Andenberg (Lana Morris), an elegant widow and old flame of Jack Rolfe. Midway through the show's run, Charles is revealed to be Abby's biological father. Perhaps in a conscious move to make \\\"Howards' Way\\\" seem more and more like a British \\\"Dynasty\\\", actress Kate O'Mara, who had previously starred in \\\"The Brothers\\\" and had recently appeared in the American supersoap as Caress Morrell, was also brought in to play ruthless businesswoman Laura Wilde. The roots for the demise of Howards' Way\",\n \"Love Is a Many Splendored Thing (TV series) when Senator Al Preston dies in a car crash. Peter reconciles with Angel, and they settle down in wedded bliss with their baby daughter, Nicole. Joe confides to Betsy that Walter Travis is blackmailing him over the murder of Travis' wife, Joe's lover, seven years ago. Iris gives birth to a baby girl she names Maggie. Spence finally wins the election to become San Francisco, California's next state senator. 1973 : While under Betsy's care in the hospital for minor surgery, Walter Travis is murdered with an overdose of Demerol. Fearing that Joe's possible involvement in Travis' wife's murder will\",\n \"Mercedes McNab received a more prominent role in the 1993 sequel \\\"Addams Family Values\\\" in which she portrayed a snobby camper named Amanda Buckman. McNab's next breakthrough came in 1997, when she was cast in a recurring role on the TV show \\\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\\\" on The WB. McNab played Harmony Kendall, a vapid popular high school student who eventually becomes a vampire. She appeared in 16 episodes over four years. McNab reprised this role when she was cast in the spin-off \\\"Angel\\\", which starred David Boreanaz. She became a series regular during the show's final season, airing from 2003-04. Since\",\n \"Angel: Live Fast, Die Never of the tracks performed by outside bands meant something special to the show. \\\"I'm Game\\\" was composed by Christophe Beck, who also composed seasons two through four of \\\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\\\", and was used throughout the series as a theme for whenever Angel or his team were involved in heroic actions. \\\"Touched\\\" was considered by many fans to be a theme of the show, and VAST's music was used in the original unaired pilot episode of \\\"Angel\\\". \\\"LA Song\\\" was written by David Greenwalt, who co-created the series, and was performed by Christian Kane who played Lindsey McDonald through\",\n \"Deadalive Award, for Outstanding Makeup. The season centers on Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) special agents Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) and her new partner John Doggett (Robert Patrick)—following the alien abduction and death of her former partner, Fox Mulder (Duchovny)—who work on cases linked to the paranormal, known as X-Files. In this episode, agent Mulder is buried. After the body of alien abductee Billy Miles (Zachary Ansley) revives before an autopsy, assistant director Walter Skinner (Mitch Pileggi) orders Mulder's body to be exhumed. When Mulder's body is uncovered, weak vital signs are discovered. Meanwhile, rogue FBI agent Alex Krycek (Nicholas Lea)\",\n \"Everville Harry D'Amour from previous Barker works (including his story \\\"The Last Illusion\\\") as well as a few from book one of the series. Among several new characters, mentioned in passing or detail, are the 'Shu (small, squid-like beings who are described as \\\"pieces of God\\\"), Phoebe Cobb, a resident of the town who passionately loves Joe, a dark-skinned painter, and Seth, a gay teenager who can hear angels knocking from the other side of Heaven. In 1848, an Irish immigrant named Maeve O'Connell is traveling west with her father and a group of others. Her father seeks to create the\",\n \"Charlie's Angels in their assignments. Although ABC had approved of a pilot film, they were concerned about how audiences would accept three women fighting crime on their own. ABC executives brought in David Ogden Stiers as Scott Woodville, who would act as the chief backup to the Angels and Bosley's superior; he would also be depicted as the organizer of the plan, in similar fashion to Jim Phelps in \\\"\\\", a series for which Goff and Roberts had written. The 74-minute pilot film initially aired on March 21, 1976. The story focuses heavily on Kelly Garrett (a role intended for Jackson before\",\n \"Dark Angel (2000 TV series) and Ellen Ripley. Cameron said \\\"it's a win/win situation\\\" as \\\"women respond to characters who appear strong and capable\\\" and young male audiences \\\"want to see girls kick ass\\\". Later they decided to set the series in a post-social collapse world, saying that the hysteria surrounding Y2K served as inspiration; in the series, an electromagnetic pulse previously destroyed every computer in the United States. Working titles for the series included \\\"Experimental Girl\\\" and \\\"Maximum Girl\\\". The project marked Cameron's television debut; he worked mainly as a writer and executive producer for the series. More than a thousand young actresses were\",\n \"Making Angels the prime universe's version of Astrid (Nicole). After a bit of initial surprise and discovery, the parallel version of Astrid explains that her father was aloof and distant to her special needs, and the prime Astrid admits the same, but implies she found a way to deal with them. When parallel Astrid's disappearance is discovered in the parallel universe, Colonel Broyles (Lance Reddick) sends Fauxlivia (Anna Torv) across to escort her back. When she arrives, Walter (John Noble) is initially bitter about her arrival, recalling her deceitful tactics she used to earn his trust when she was sent to take\",\n \"Annabeth Gish Annabeth Gish (born March 13, 1971) is an American actress. She has played roles in films \\\"Shag\\\", \\\"Hiding Out\\\", \\\"Mystic Pizza\\\", \\\"SLC Punk!\\\", \\\"The Last Supper\\\" and \\\"Double Jeopardy\\\". On television, she played Special Agent Monica Reyes on \\\"The X-Files\\\", Elizabeth Bartlet Westin on \\\"The West Wing\\\", Diane Gould on \\\"Halt and Catch Fire\\\", Eileen Caffee on \\\"Brotherhood\\\", Charlotte Millwright on \\\"The Bridge\\\" and Sheriff Althea Jarry on the final season of \\\"Sons of Anarchy\\\". In 2016, she reprised her role as Monica Reyes in the tenth season of \\\"The X-Files\\\", and then again in the eleventh season\",\n \"City of Angels (1976 TV series) a call-girl business on the side, and attorney Michael Brimm (Philip Sterling). Brimm is called upon frequently to defend Axminster from charges (mostly trumped-up) leveled against him by Lieutenant Murray Quint (Clifton James), a fat, cigar-chomping, and thoroughly crooked member of the Los Angeles Police Department. Axminster drives a 1934 ragtop Studebaker and keeps his office in downtown L.A.’s historic Bradbury Building, phone number OXford-8704. (Brimm’s office is across the hall.) For his services, Axminster charges $25 a day plus expenses. Although Brimm describes him as “Mr. Play-It-Safe,” Axminster regularly places himself in danger by helping friends and annoying the\",\n \"Miracle at St. Anna the \\\"Primavera\\\", accompanied by its new owner who takes out a rosary and reveals himself as an adult Angelo. They both hold Hector's rosary and happily burst into tears. John Turturro plays Detective Antonio \\\"Tony\\\" Ricci, who is charged with investigating a post office murder in 1983; Joseph Gordon-Levitt plays Tim Boyle, the investigative reporter assigned to cover the murder and subsequent discovery of an Italian artifact; and Kerry Washington plays Zana Wilder, a lawyer hired to represent the suspected post office murderer. Naomi Campbell was originally cast as Wilder in September 2007, but later pulled out due to scheduling\",\n \"Maggie Walsh Professor Maggie Walsh is a fictional character in the television series \\\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\\\". The character is portrayed by Lindsay Crouse. Professor Maggie Walsh is introduced in Season Four, as Buffy's Psychology professor at the University of California, Sunnydale, but is later revealed as the leader of the government-controlled Initiative, a military project intent on capturing, studying, and modifying the behavior of various demons. Unknown to many in the Initiative, Walsh is also involved in Project 314, a secret program within the Initiative that is creating a hybrid demon-humanoid-mechanoid (demonoid) known as Adam. Various creatures captured by\",\n \"Charlie's Angels initial concept, Sabrina Duncan, Jill Munroe, and Kelly Garrett have graduated from the police academy in Los Angeles, California. Despite proving their capability during training, all three have subsequently been assigned to be a meter maid, office worker, and crossing guard, respectively. Dissatisfied with these jobs, they are recruited to work for the Charles Townsend Agency as private investigators. All of this is explained in the opening credit sequence; neither the pilot film nor subsequent series ever actually depicted an \\\"origin story\\\" as they are seen to have been working as investigators for some time as of the start of\",\n \"Angel (1937 film) and Herbert Mundin. The story describes a love triangle initiated by Lady Maria Barker (Dietrich), the comfortable but neglected wife of Sir Frederich Barker (Marshall), a top-level British diplomat in the pre-World-War-II era. Although Frederick provides well for Maria and appears to love her, he has been neglecting her in favor of pursuing his busy diplomatic career. One day when he is in Geneva on important business, she secretly flies to Paris to visit the russian Grand Duchess Anna, who operates a high-class escort business. By chance, Maria happens to meet Anthony Halton (Douglas), a charming man who has lived\",\n \"Doris Singleton 1980 special \\\"Lucy Moves to NBC\\\". Singleton also appeared on numerous other television shows including \\\"Richard Diamond, Private Detective\\\", \\\"The Dick Van Dyke Show\\\", \\\"Pete and Gladys\\\", \\\"Hazel\\\", \\\"The Real McCoys\\\", \\\"The Twilight Zone\\\", \\\"The Munsters\\\", \\\"The Fugitive\\\", \\\"Dynasty\\\", \\\"Phyllis\\\", \\\"Family Affair\\\", \\\"Hogan's Heroes\\\", \\\"State Trooper\\\", and \\\"Frontier Doctor\\\". Singleton played the sympathetic neighbor, Susie, to Annie Fargé's scatterbrained character \\\"Angel Smith\\\" in the CBS sitcom, \\\"Angel\\\" from 1960 to 1961. Singleton also appeared in \\\"All in the Family\\\" as Edith's hotel roommate, Lydia Stonehurst, in the 1971 episode \\\"Edith has Jury Duty\\\". She also appeared in two \\\"Perry Mason\\\"\",\n \"Lost (TV series) Catholic priest played by Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje; Ana Lucia Cortez, an airport TSA guard and former LAPD police officer played by Michelle Rodriguez; and Libby Smith, a purported clinical psychologist and formerly mentally ill woman portrayed by Cynthia Watros. Ana Lucia and Libby were written out of the series toward the end of season two after being shot by Michael, who then left the island along with his son. In season three, two actors were promoted from recurring to starring roles: Henry Ian Cusick as former Scottish soldier Desmond Hume; and Michael Emerson as the manipulative leader of the Others, Ben\",\n \"The Horn Blows at Midnight end of the world. When he is deposited at the Hotel Universe via the building's elevator, he accidentally foils a robbery attempt by suave guest Archie Dexter (Reginald Gardiner) and his girlfriend accomplice, Fran Blackstone (Dolores Moran). Dexter blames Fran and breaks off their relationship. When Athanael prevents her attempt at suicide from the hotel's roof, he misses the deadline. Elizabeth persuades her boss to give him a second chance, and travels to Earth to inform him. Complications arise when two fallen angels named Osidro (Allyn Joslyn) and Doremus (John Alexander), also guests at the hotel, recognize Athanael and learn\",\n \"A Hole in the World Fred's body in his arms, she begins to convulse, throwing them both to the floor. Fred rises from the floor as Ilyria, her hair and eyes now a frozen blue. She looks over Fred's hand and remarks, \\\"This will do.\\\" Sarah Thompson sings \\\"LA Song\\\", which was written by series co-creator David Greenwalt and Christian Kane for Lindsey McDonald to perform on-stage in the \\\"Angel\\\" episode \\\"Dead End\\\". Thompson, who grew up doing musical theater, had begged Joss Whedon to allow her character to sing. Joss Whedon admits he became emotional during the scene in which Fred dies: \\\"I cried\",\n \"Melinda Clarke Melinda Patrice \\\"Mindy\\\" Clarke (born April 24, 1969) is an American actress who has worked primarily in television. Clarke is known for playing Faith Taylor on the daytime drama \\\"Days of Our Lives\\\", the manipulative and cunning Julie Cooper on \\\"The O.C.\\\", and the professional dominatrix Lady Heather on \\\"\\\". From 2010 to 2013, she portrayed Amanda on the action-thriller television series \\\"Nikita\\\". She was added as a recurring character on \\\"Vegas\\\" in 2013, and played Tracey McKay in the revival of \\\"Dallas\\\". Clarke was born in Dana Point, California, the daughter of Patricia Lewis, a ballet dancer,\",\n \"Angel (1999 TV series) higher powers guide the group, and are received by Doyle and later Cordelia. Hand-to-hand combat is chiefly undertaken by Angel and later Gunn, though every member of Angel Investigations is combat ready to some degree. Lorne is able to read peoples' destinies and intentions. Fred uses her scientific knowledge to contribute, whilst Wesley contributes his extensive knowledge of demonology and supernatural lore. At the start of the series, Angel has just moved to Los Angeles. He is soon visited by Doyle, a messenger sent to him on behalf of The Powers That Be. Doyle receives visions that can guide Angel\",\n \"Lorne (Angel) his sleep, then manifests as an astral projection which possesses superhuman strength and durability. This enlarged version then attacks several demons that had recently angered Lorne. These powers were lost when Lorne's ability to sleep returns to him. Andy Hallett worked in Los Angeles as the personal assistant to Kai Cole, the wife of \\\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\\\" creator Joss Whedon. When the couple and their friends saw Hallett singing at the \\\"B.B. Kings\\\" lounge at Universal CityWalk, Whedon conceived of Lorne as an anagogic demon who reads the hearts and futures of his guests as they sing in his\",\n \"Touched by an Angel Touched by an Angel is an American supernatural drama television series that premiered on CBS on September 21, 1994, and ran for 211 episodes and nine seasons until its conclusion on April 27, 2003. Created by John Masius and produced by Martha Williamson, the series stars Roma Downey, as an angel named Monica, and Della Reese, as her supervisor Tess. Throughout the series, Monica is tasked with bringing guidance and messages from God to various people who are at a crossroads in their lives. From Season Three onward, they are frequently joined by Andrew (John Dye),\",\n \"Supernatural (U.S. TV series) for only a six-episode story arc, but the role was later expanded. Collins was promoted to a series regular for the fifth and sixth season, something Collins believes to be mainly due to fan support. Collins was downgraded to recurring status for the seventh and eighth seasons, but returned to series regular status for seasons nine and ten. Along with Castiel came other angelic characters, with Robert Wisdom portraying the \\\"militant\\\" and \\\"dogmatic\\\" Uriel, who secretly supports Lucifer; Julie McNiven playing the fallen angel Anna Milton, who eventually regains her angelic form but remains an outcast of Heaven; and Kurt\",\n \"Angel (season 1) aired along with the fourth season of \\\"Buffy\\\". Both shows would feature crossover episodes where characters would appear on the other show. Along with the title character Angel (David Boreanaz), Cordelia Chase (Charisma Carpenter) appeared as main characters on the new series. The first crossover appeared in the premiere episodes, where Angel calls Buffy but doesn't say anything; on \\\"Buffy\\\", she answers the phone. After the events of the \\\"Buffy\\\" episode \\\"The Harsh Light of Day\\\", Oz (Seth Green) visits Los Angeles in \\\"In the Dark\\\" to give Angel the Gem of Amarra (a ring that makes a vampire invincible).\",\n \"Angel (1999 TV series) recurring characters are Lilah Morgan (Seasons 1–4) and Lindsey McDonald (Seasons 1, 2 and 5), appearing in 36 and 21 episodes, respectively; Lindsey is the only character besides Angel to appear in both the first and last episode of the series. Angel's sire Darla (Julie Benz), first seen in \\\"Buffy\\\", plays in an expanded role on \\\"Angel\\\" and appears in 20 episodes over the course of the series. Elisabeth Röhm appears in 15 episodes (Seasons 1–2) as LAPD Detective Kate Lockley, a woman with an often-strained relationship with Angel. Throughout the series, there were also guest appearances from \\\"Buffy\\\" characters,\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":130,"string":"130"}}},{"rowIdx":97,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"when was reference re manitoba language rights amended"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["Remedies in Singapore constitutional law one with far-reaching effects. Hence, to overcome the negative impact of such a lacuna, the Supreme Court of Canada has adopted the remedy of granting temporary validity to unconstitutional legislation for the minimum time necessary for the legislature to enact alternative laws. In the case of \"Reference re Manitoba Language Rights\" (1985), the Official Language Act, 1890 purported to allow Acts of the Legislature of Manitoba to be published and printed only in English. The Supreme Court held that the Official Language Act was unconstitutional 95 years after it was passed, as it was inconsistent with section 23 of the"],"string":"[\n \"Remedies in Singapore constitutional law one with far-reaching effects. Hence, to overcome the negative impact of such a lacuna, the Supreme Court of Canada has adopted the remedy of granting temporary validity to unconstitutional legislation for the minimum time necessary for the legislature to enact alternative laws. In the case of \\\"Reference re Manitoba Language Rights\\\" (1985), the Official Language Act, 1890 purported to allow Acts of the Legislature of Manitoba to be published and printed only in English. The Supreme Court held that the Official Language Act was unconstitutional 95 years after it was passed, as it was inconsistent with section 23 of the\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["perfectly normal. An example of a European French Anglicism not used in Quebec: An example of a Quebec French Anglicism not used in France; Furthermore, the social meaning and acceptance of anglicisms differs from country to country due to the differences in the historical relationship to French. In Quebec, anglicisms are never used in formal documentation (government papers, instruction sheets) and very rarely used in informal writing (magazines, journals). In 1993, the French passed the legislation Loi Toubon which forbids the use of anglicisms (or those from other languages) in common publications. In both countries, wherever the use of an","Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969 IX of Schedule 1 to the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1998. Amends the Statute of Westminster 1285 to clarify the proceedings of Advowsons in case of Quare impedit. Section 2(3) was repealed by Group 2 of Part IX of Schedule 1 to the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1998. Defines the owner's rights for rent charges that survive the repeal of the Copyhold Act 1894. Lists specific provisions that survive the repeals of the Sunday Fairs Act 1448, the Clergy Act 1533, the Appointment of Bishops Act 1533, the Ecclesiastical Licences Act 1533, the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534, and selected sections","Tourancheau and July vs. France July both claimed that the prohibition laid down in Article 38 (1) of the Act of 29 July 1881, did not constitute a “necessary measure in a democratic society” that is said in Article 10(2) of the European Convention of Human Rights. Further, Tourancheau and July were disputing the claims about Article 38 against them because they found that Article 38 was in direct conflict with the European Court of Human Rights Article 10(2), talking about free speech and freedom of the press. On December 19, 1997, the Paris Criminal Court ruled that section 38(1) of the 1881 Act did","Constitutional debate in Canada Britain with regards to its newly acquired colony of Quebec was revealed in a Royal Proclamation on October 7, 1763. The proclamation renamed Canada \"The Province of Quebec\", redefined its borders, and established a British appointed colonial government. The new governor of the colony was given the power and direction to summon and call general assemblies of the people's representatives. The current Constitution of Canada consists of the 1867 British North America Act (BNA) and subsequent amendments. The BNA Act defined the areas of jurisdiction for the provinces and the federal government. There are 29 exclusive federal jurisdictions and 16","Legal Services Corp. v. Velazquez welfare-advocacy restriction. The Supreme Court heard oral arguments in the case on October 4, 2000, issuing its decision four months later. The Court affirmed the decision of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, holding that the restriction on pursuing welfare advocacy was unconstitutional under the First Amendment by a vote of 5–4. Justice Kennedy delivered the majority opinion. It distinguished a 1991 Supreme Court case, \"Rust v. Sullivan\", which upheld a prohibition on federally funded family planning services from discussing abortion with their patients. The majority reasoned that in \"Rust\" the government was attempting to use its funds to express","self-rule culminated in negotiations for the creation of the province of Manitoba. There are many factors that led to an armed uprising of the Métis people against the Government of Canada, a conflict known as the Red River Rebellion aka Resistance. The resolution of the assertion of the right to representation led to the Parliament of Canada passing the Manitoba Act in 1870 that created the province. Manitoba's capital and largest city, Winnipeg, is the eighth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada. Other census agglomerations in the province are Brandon, Steinbach, Portage la Prairie, and Thompson. The name \"Manitoba\" is believed","Ralph B. Hodges the time of his appointment to the Court, Hodges was 34 years old, becoming the youngest Justice to serve on the Oklahoma Supreme Court since statehood. Hodges was retained (re-elected) to the Court in 1966, 1968, 1974, 1980, 1986, and 1992; serving two terms as Chief Justice from 1977–1978 and 1993–1994. In 2002, Justice Hodges wrote the majority opinion for Initiative Petition No. 366, which would have required that all official state business be conducted only in English. If passed at a general election, it would have banned using \"...state money from being spent on translations for public documents or","and speech communities. Linguistic rights manifest as legislation (the passing of a law), subsequently becoming a statute to be enforced. Language legislation delimiting official usage can by grouped into official, institutionalizing, standardizing, and liberal language legislation, based on its function. \"Official legislation makes languages official in the domains of legislation, justice, public administration, and education, [commonly according to territoriality and personality]. Various combinations of both principles are also used... Institutionalizing legislation covers the unofficial domains of labour, communications, culture, commerce, and business...\" In relation to legislation, a causal effect of linguistic rights is language policy. The field of language planning","in the English Bill of Rights in 1689. They were enshrined at the global level and given status in international law first by Articles 3 to 21 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and later in the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In Europe, they were enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights in 1953. The civil rights movement was a struggle for social justice that took place mainly during the 1950s and 1960s for blacks to gain equal rights under the law in the United States. In 1868, the 14th amendment to the","The Manitoban The Manitoban is the official student newspaper at the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Published for the first time on November 5, 1914, the \"Toban\", as it is called for short, is one of the oldest and largest (by circulation and budget) student newspapers in Canada. The tabloid-sized paper is published monthly during the summer and every Wednesday during the regular Fall-Winter university session. The Manitoban is non-profit and is completely owned and operated by students. During the fall and winter 10,000 copies of the \"Manitoban\" are printed on a weekly basis, and distributed extensively on both","Universal Declaration of Human Rights parliaments, governments, and the United Nations. Decadal commemorations are often accompanied by campaigns to promote awareness of the Declaration and human rights. 2008 marked the 60th anniversary of the Declaration, and was accompanied by year-long activities around the theme \"Dignity and justice for all of us\". In 1948, the UN Resolution A/RES/217(III)[A] adopted the Declaration on a bilingual document in English and French, and official translations in Chinese, Russian and Spanish. In 2009, the \"Guinness Book of Records\" described the Declaration as the world's \"Most Translated Document\" (370 different languages and dialects). The Unicode Consortium stores 431 of the 503","NLRB v. SW General, Inc. where acting Solicitor General Ian Heath Gershengorn personally appeared for the government. On March 21, 2017, the Supreme Court delivered judgment in favor of the company, voting 6-2 to affirm the lower court. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote that the exception did not cover Solomon, rejected the government's argument that a ruling against it would hamstring future presidents and call into question dozens of temporary appointments made over the years, and dismissed arguments that historical practice supported the government. Since the law was enacted in 1998, three presidents have nominated 112 people for permanent posts who also were serving as","interpretation. Notable bodies include the Parliament of Kosovo with three official languages, the Parliament of Canada with two official languages, the Parliament of South Africa with eleven official languages, the European Union with twenty-four official languages, and the United Nations with six official working languages. These citations refer to documents at Nuremberg trials The Nuremberg trials () were a series of military tribunals held by the Allied forces under international law and the laws of war after World War II. The trials were most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, judicial and economic leadership of","Simon Singh the defence of fair comment. On 15 April 2010, the BCA officially withdrew its lawsuit, ending the case. To defend himself for the libel suit, Singh's out-of-pocket legal costs were tens of thousands of pounds, but the trial has acted as a catalyst and focus for libel reform campaigners resulting in all major parties in the 2010 general election making manifesto commitments to libel reform. On 25 April 2013 the Defamation Act 2013 received Queen Elizabeth II’s Royal Assent and became law. The purpose of the reformed law of defamation is to 'ensure that a fair balance is struck between","Gill v. Office of Personnel Management case. The DOJ did so on July 3 and the plaintiffs' attorneys did so on August 2. The United States Supreme Court denied those petitions on June 27, 2013, in the wake of its landmark decision in \"Windsor v. United States\" that Section 3 of DOMA was unconstitutional. The original plaintiffs were 8 same-sex couples and three widowers, all of whom had married in Massachusetts. They claimed that various government agencies had denied their applications for benefits that would have been granted to similarly situated different-sex couples or the surviving spouse of such a marriage. Their specific claims covered: One","symbol taped to it was engaging in protected expression; in 1989, the Court similarly upheld the right to burn the American flag as expressive conduct in \"Texas v. Johnson\". The Court revisited the necessary fit between the important governmental interest and the means to actualize that interest in \"Clark v. C.C.N.V.\", 468 U.S. 288 (1984), in which it held that the nexus need merely be reasonable. The Court also merged its doctrine of time-place-manner restrictions and the \"O'Brien\" test into an intermediate scrutiny hybrid. United States v. O'Brien United States v. O'Brien, 391 U.S. 367 (1968), was a decision by","European Convention on Human Rights of Europe member state has signed and ratified Protocol 6, except Russia, which has signed but not ratified. Despite having signed the protocol more than thirty years ago Germany and the Netherlands have never ratified it. Turkey, which signed the protocol in 1985, ratified it in 2016, becoming the latest member state to do so. The United Kingdom has neither signed nor ratified the protocol. Applies the current expansive and indefinite grounds of prohibited discrimination in Article 14 to the exercise of any legal right and to the actions (including the obligations) of public authorities. The Protocol entered into force","Legal recognition of non-binary gender issue a birth certificate to the child without specifying a gender; Doty has filed a legal challenge. Doty and seven other transgender and intersex people have filed a human rights complaint against the province, alleging that publishing gender markers on birth certificates is discriminatory. In July 2017, the Northwest Territories began allowing \"X\" as a non-binary option on birth certificates. On August 31, 2017, Canada began allowing an observation to be added to passports requesting that the holder's gender should be read as \"X\", indicating that it is unspecified, though a gender of \"M\" or \"F\" had to be added","DeBoer v. Snyder a marriage between two people of the same sex? 2) Does the Fourteenth Amendment require a state to recognize a marriage between two people of the same sex when their marriage was lawfully licensed and performed out-of-state?\" The United States Supreme Court had heard oral arguments on April 28, 2015. On June 26, 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court held in a 5–4 decision that the Fourteenth Amendment requires all states to grant same-sex marriages and recognize same-sex marriages granted in other states. The Court overturned its prior decision in \"Baker v. Nelson\", which the Sixth Circuit had invoked as precedent.","Reed Amendment (immigration) version, and went on to be enacted on September 30, 1996. In the aftermath of IIRIRA's passage, Reed's fellow Democrat Daniel Patrick Moynihan made a speech on the Senate floor denouncing the Reed Amendment in harsh terms, saying: \"The wording of the statute is embarrassing. How can an alien renounce U.S. citizenship? In what capacity would said alien do so officially? One assumes that a court of law would find the language incoherent and unenforceable ... This is the way we legislate at 5 o'clock in the morning 4 days before adjournment.\" Moynihan went on to state that it was","Canada (AG) v Lavell to live in the house for another six months, and then another two months, but no longer than that. In order to act in accordance with the Council's resolutions, Mrs. Bédard eventually transferred ownership of the property to her brother (a registered member of the Band) who was granted a Certificate of Possession of the property on March 15, 1971, by the Minister of Indian Affairs as required by the \"Indian Act\". Mrs. Bédard and her children, with her brother's consent, remained to occupy the premises without rent. On September 15, 1971, the Six Nations Band Council passed Resolution 15,","Mahe v Alberta \"Charter\". The questions before the Supreme Court were: The Court held that section 23 guarantees representation on the school board, and exclusive control over the children's education with respect to culture; or it can guarantee a separate school board. However, there must be sufficient minority language population to warrant either level of protection. In this particular case, the Court decided representation on an existing school board would be sufficient, and held that this did not interfere with denominational school rights under section 29 of the \"Charter\" since it merely affected language. The Court's unanimous decision was given by Chief Justice","Incorporation of the Bill of Rights and people over time. Gradually, various portions of the Bill of Rights have been held to be applicable to state and local governments by incorporation through the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 and the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870. Prior to the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment and the development of the incorporation doctrine, the Supreme Court in 1833 held in \"Barron v. Baltimore\" that the Bill of Rights applied only to the federal, but not any state governments. Even years after the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Supreme Court in \"United States v. Cruikshank\" (1876) still held that the First","International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination the Convention. The convention was adopted and opened for signature by the United Nations General Assembly on 21 December 1965, and entered into force on 4 January 1969. As of January 2018, it has 88 signatories and 179 parties. The Convention is monitored by the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD). In December 1960, following incidents of antisemitism in several parts of the world, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution condemning \"all manifestations and practices of racial, religious and national hatred\" as violations of the United Nations Charter and Universal Declaration of Human Rights and calling","affirms respect for the freedom of parents in the choice of private schools, and for national minorities to have the right to engage in educational activities of their own and the employment or teaching of their own language. Article 9 prohibits any reservation to the Convention. The treaty, in its entirety, may be viewed here. Convention against Discrimination in Education Convention against Discrimination in Education is a multilateral treaty adopted by UNESCO on 14 December 1960 in Paris and came into effect on 22 May 1962, which aims to combat discrimination cultural or religious assimilation or racial segregation in the","Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC, 497 U.S. 547 (1990), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that held that intermediate scrutiny should be applied to equal protection challenges to federal statutes using benign racial classifications. The Court distinguished the previous year's decision \"City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Company\", 488 U.S. 469 (1989), by noting that it applied only to actions by state and local governments. \"Metro Broadcasting\" was overruled by \"Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña\", 515 U.S. 200 (1995), which held that strict scrutiny should be applied to federal","rights than married spouses in some areas, especially relating to division of property upon separation. Ontario Family Law Act The Family Law Act (R.S.O. 1990, c. F.3) is a statute passed by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1990, regulating the rights of spouses and dependants in regard to property, support, inheritance, prenuptial agreements, separation agreements, and other matters of family law. In 1999, this statute was the subject of a watershed ruling in \"M. v. H.\" by the Supreme Court of Canada that established the equality of spousal rights for same-sex couples under Canadian law. The most recent digital","Law v Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration) Law v Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration), [1999] 1 SCR 497 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision. The ruling is notable because the court created the \"Law\" test, a significant new tool that has since been used by Canadian courts for determining the validity of equality right claims under section 15 of the \"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\". However, the \"Law\" test has since been discredited by the Supreme Court. The case involved Nancy Law, a 30-year-old seeking survivor benefits under the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) which are","statutes, as Part V of the Canada Labour Code, (S.C. 1966-67, c. 62). Significant amendments were made to this part of the code in 1973. These amendments included extending bargaining rights to some previously excluded groups (e.g., supervisors, employed professionals, etc.) and expanding the jurisdiction of the labour relations board to include enforcement and remedial powers. Also, provisions for adjustments to technological changes were introduced. Finally, in 1988 the Code was reissued as part of the Revised Statutes of Canada, (R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2.), wherein Part V became Part I. The Act is divided into three distinct parts. The first","Quebec (AG) v Blaikie (No 1) Chapter III of Title I of the \"Charter of the French Language\" to be \"ultra vires\" the Legislative Assembly of Quebec. The interpretation given by the Court to language rights was expansive in four respects: 1. Both the English and French versions of a law have official status, or else the law cannot be said to have been “enacted” in both language; 2. All subordinate legislation, including regulations, are regarded as being “laws”, and thus the versions in both languages have official status; 3. The rights of all persons to use either official language in court applies to artificial persons","Freedom of religion in Canada to accommodate observant Muslims. It was also brought up with the decision of the Quebec Soccer Federation to lift the prohibition on Sikh head coverings. The duty of reasonable accommodation presents particular issues in the province of Quebec. Some describe it as a \"subject of high controversy\" and as threatening \"the collective values chosen by Quebecers to govern their collective existence\". Surveys showed that 71.7% of Quebecers whose mother tongue is French found today's society \"overly tolerant of accommodation\", whereas only 35.2% of Quebecers having another mother tongue shared this opinion. In a 1985 Supreme Court case involving the Lord's","ballot on 30 May 2012. It was drawn from the ballot and passed the first and second readings on 29 August 2012 and 13 March 2013, respectively. The final reading passed on 17 April 2013 by 77 votes to 44. The bill received royal assent from the Governor-General on 19 April and took effect on 19 August 2013. New Zealand marriage law only applies to New Zealand proper and the Ross Dependency in Antarctica. Other New Zealand territories, including Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau, have their own marriage law and do not perform or recognise same-sex marriage. Same-sex marriage became","30%]), while in the other seven provinces minority communities are quite small, as low as 1.3% in British Columbia Second, the report suggested that in six of the provinces, governments only offer those minority-language services they are obliged to under Section 23 of the \"Charter\" (i.e. education). In three provinces (Manitoba, New Brunswick, and Quebec) there are other constitutional rights that come into play, over and above Section 23. In Ontario, there is a developed policy of statutory (not constitutional) minority language rights. Language policies of Canada's provinces and territories The language policies of Canada's province and territories vary substantially","Twenty-first Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan Twenty-first Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (Urdu: آئین پاکستان میں اکیسویں ترمیم) was passed by both the National Assembly of Pakistan and Senate of Pakistan on January 6, 2015, and received the assent of the President on January 7, 2015. The Bill amended the Article 175 and the First Schedule of the Constitution. It also has a self-contained sunset clause, which causes the amendments to expire on January 7, 2017. The amendment established speedy trial military courts for terrorist offenses, waging war against Pakistan, and acts threatening the security of Pakistan. The","Elmer Driedger out in his 1974 book, \"The Construction of Statutes\", was quoted verbatim in the court's decision in \"Rizzo & Rizzo Shoes Ltd.\": \"The Construction of Statutes\" became an influential text in Canadian legal circles. A second edition was published in 1983. Following Driedger's death, Ruth Sullivan, a law professor at the University of Ottawa, substantially revised Driedger's text in the third edition published in 1994. A fourth edition was published in 2002, and a fifth edition in 2008. Sullivan has become so closely associated with the updated edition of the book that it has since been retitled, \"Sullivan on the","Equal Rights Amendment gaining an additional ratification between the original deadline of March 22, 1979 and the revised June 30, 1982, expiration date was when it was approved by the Florida House of Representatives on June 21, 1982. In the final week before the revised deadline, that ratifying resolution, however, was defeated in the Florida Senate by a vote of 16 yeas and 22 nays. Even if Florida had ratified the ERA, the proposed amendment would still have fallen short of the required 38. According to research by Professor Jules B. Gerard, professor of law at Washington University in St. Louis, of the","Eldridge v British Columbia (AG) Eldridge v British Columbia (AG), [1997] 3 SCR 624, is a leading decision by the Supreme Court of Canada that expanded the application of the \"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\" under section 32 of the \"Charter\". Each of the appellants in this case was born deaf; their preferred means of communication was ASL, a local sign language. They contended that the absence of interpreters impaired their ability to communicate with their doctors and other health care providers, and thus increased the risk of misdiagnosis and ineffective treatment. The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that","Arizonans for Official English v. Arizona Arizonans for Official English v. Arizona, 520 U.S. 43 (1996), was a United States Supreme Court decision that held that Article III required standing for each stage of litigation, rather than just when a complaint is filed. In 1988, ballot initiative Proposition 106, mandating that state employees speak only English on the job passed with 50.5% of the vote. Arizona insurance claims manager Maria-Kelly Yniguez sued to overturn this law because she was concerned that she would be fired for speaking Spanish to claimants. However, on February 6, 1990, judge Paul Rosenblatt of the","Constitutional history of Canada The constitutional history of Canada begins with the 1763 Treaty of Paris, in which France ceded most of New France to Great Britain. Canada was the colony along the St Lawrence River, part of present-day Ontario and Quebec. Its government underwent many structural changes over the following century. In 1867 Canada became the name of the new federal Dominion extending ultimately from the Atlantic to the Pacific and the Arctic coasts. Canada obtained legislative autonomy from the United Kingdom in 1931, and had its constitution (including a new rights charter) patriated in 1982. Canada's constitution includes","Forced Labour Convention voluntarily\", with few exceptions like compulsorly military service. The convention excludes \"adult able-bodied males\", to whom legal imposition of forced labour is allowed. The Convention was adopted in Geneva 28 June 1930 and came into force on 1 May 1932. By the end of 1932 ten countries had ratified the convention (Japan, Bulgaria, Spain, Norway, Denmark, Australia, Sweden, United Kingdom, Liberia, and Ireland). Austria in 1960, Luxembourg in 1964 and Malta in 1965 were the last Western European countries to ratify the convention. Canada ratified it in 2011 and as of 2015 the United States has not ratified it. The","Lavergne Law The La Vergne Law (or Lavergne Law) of 1910, formally known as the \"Loi amendant le Code civil concernant les contrats faits avec les compagnies de services d'utilité publique\" (1910, Geo. V, c. 40), was an act of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec which made the use of both English and French mandatory on tickets, documents, bills and contracts issued by transportation and public utility companies. Prior to this, these were customarily in English only. The law's primary sponsor was Armand La Vergne (or Lavergne), a legislator representing the \"Ligue nationaliste canadienne\". The law came into effect on","in 1949. Mobility restrictions were lifted in 1949. In the late 1970s and 1980s, documents on the Japanese Canadian internment were released, and redress was sought by the National Association of Japanese Canadians, an organization representing Japanese Canadians nationally that was headed by Art Miki from Winnipeg. In 1986, it was shown that Japanese Canadians lost $443 million during the internment. There were 63% of Canadians who supported redress and 45% who favoured individual compensation. On September 22, 1988, the National Association of Japanese Canadians succeeded in negotiating a redress settlement with the government at the time, under the leadership","Section 29 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Quebec, until abrogated by the \"Constitution Amendment, 1997 (Québec)\". Quebec was and is predominantly Catholic (though the effects this has had on the province's politics have changed over the years; see Quiet Revolution). Section 17 of the Alberta Act, 1905 also guarantees denominational school rights for Catholics in Alberta. While the rights for Catholics and Protestants seem to contradict \"Charter\" values of equality, section 29 clarifies the privileges cannot be challenged on \"Charter\" grounds. It was inserted because the authors of the \"Constitution Act, 1982\" did not want to be held responsible for challenging the old system. As noted in","affirming the recognition of oral testimony from Indigenous people.\" Delgamuukw v British Columbia Delgamuukw v British Columbia [1997] 3 S.C.R. 1010, also known as Delgamuukw v The Queen is a groundbreaking ruling by the Supreme Court of Canada \"containing its first definitive statement on the content of Aboriginal title in Canada.\" The ruling also described the \"scope of protection afforded Aboriginal title under the Constitution Act, 1982\" as well as defining \"how Aboriginal title may be proved.\" It also outlined the \"justification test for infringements of Aboriginal title.\" In 2017, CBC reported that this case \"set a precedent for Indigenous","Forty-third Amendment of the Constitution of India on 16December 1977 as the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Bill, 1977. It was introduced by Shanti Bhushan, Minister of Law, Justice and Company Affairs. The bill sought to amend Articles 145, 228 and 366, and omit Articles 31D, 32A, 131A, 144A, 226A and 228A of the constitution. The bill was debated by the Lok Sabha on 19 and 20 December, and was passed on 20December, after adopting a formal amendment to replace the word \"Forty-fourth\" with \"Forty-third\" in Clause 1 of the Bill. Subsequently, Clauses 7 to 10 of the Bill were renumbered as 8 to 11 respectively. It was then","Section 3 of the Human Rights Act 1998 and give effect\" requires the interpretation \"where possible\" of legislation – where there is an interpretation open to the court that is consistent with Convention rights, it must be chosen over those that do not. Following the introduction of the Human Rights Act, there was some disagreement between judges as to how far this provision went. Lord Steyn, in \"R v A\", has said \"the interpretative obligation under section 3 of the 1998 Act is a strong one. It applies even if there is no ambiguity in the language in the sense of the language being capable of two different","Rosetta Stone Ltd. v. Google, Inc. on the ground that Rosetta Stone failed to allege facts showing that it conferred a benefit on Google, for which Google should reasonably be expected to repay. In 1996, Congress enacted The Federal Trademark Dilution Act (Amended in 2006 with the passage of the Trademark Dilution Revision Act of 2006) that established a federal claim for trademark dilution. To state a prima facie dilution claim the plaintiff must plead that: Trademark dilution does not rely on consumer confusion, instead dilution is concerned with the whittling away of the established trademark's selling power and value through its unauthorized use by others.","Seventh Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa The Seventh Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa made various changes involving the financial management of national and provincial government. Most of its provisions came into force on 26 April 2002, and the remainder on 1 December 2003. The amendment made the following changes to the Constitution: The amendment was passed by the National Assembly on 1 November 2001 with the requisite two-thirds majority (274 votes in favour), and by the National Council of Provinces (NCOP) on 15 November with eight of nine provinces in favour, KwaZulu-Natal being the lone dissenter.","which significantly weakened the foundation of the Lau decision. Lau v. Nichols Lau v. Nichols, 414 U.S. 563 (1974), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously decided that the lack of supplemental language instruction in public school for students with limited English proficiency violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The court held that since non-English speakers were denied a meaningful education, the disparate impact caused by the school policy violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the school district was demanded to provide students with \"appropriate relief\". In 1971, the San Francisco school","Cardona v. Shinseki defending the constitutionality of the statutes. Oral argument was originally scheduled for November 29, 2012. On November 8, BLAG requested it be postponed for forty-five days, pending the U.S. Supreme Court's disposition of petitions for writs of certiorari in several other cases challenging the constitutionality of Section 3 of DOMA (\"Massachusetts v. United States Department of Health and Human Services\", \"Gill v. Office of Personnel Management\", \"Golinski v. Office of Personnel Management\", \"Windsor v. United States\", and \"Pedersen v. Office of Personnel Management\"). The court granted the delay over Cardona's objections. On December 18, 2012, the court, sua sponte, ordered","Constitution of Canada the Canadian parliament, passed the Canada Act 1982, which included in its schedules the Constitution Act, 1982, the United Kingdom thus formally absolving itself of any remaining responsibility for, or jurisdiction over, Canada. In a formal ceremony on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Queen Elizabeth II proclaimed both acts as law on 17 April 1982. Constitution Act, 1982, included the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Prior to the charter, there were various statutes which protected an assortment of civil rights and obligations, but nothing was enshrined in the constitution until 1982. The charter has thus placed a strong focus upon","of Canada in \"Baker v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)\", where the Court set out a test for determining when certain procedural protections are required. Nicholson v Haldimand-Norfolk Reg Police Commrs Nicholson v Haldimand-Norfolk Reg Police Commrs, [1979] 1 SCR 311, is a leading decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in Canadian administrative law. The decision was a landmark reform of administrative law, in which the Court significantly increased the degree of court intervention on procedural grounds. The Court stated that procedural fairness exists on a continuum and that parties are entitled to a certain degree of it","Marriage Act 1961 (Australia) by Liberal Party Senator Dean Smith on 15 November 2017. The bill amends the definition of \"marriage\" in the Act, omitting the words \"man and a woman\" and replacing it with the gender-neutral \"2 people\". The bill passed the Senate by 43 votes to 12 on 29 November 2017 and passed the House of Representatives on 7 December 2017, with only four votes against. It was given royal assent by the governor-general, Sir Peter Cosgrove, on 8 December 2017. The Act had the effect of amending the definition of marriage in Section 5 of the \"Marriage Act\": marriage means the","Section 6 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Along with the language rights in the \"Charter\" (sections 16-23), section 6 was meant to protect Canadian unity. French Canadians, who have been at the centre of unity debates, are able to travel throughout all Canada and receive government and educational services in their own language. Hence, they are not confined to Quebec (the only province where they form the majority and where most of their population is based), which would polarize the country along regional lines. According to the Supreme Court in \"Canadian Egg Marketing Agency v. Richardson\" (1998), section 6 is also \"rooted in a concern with human","act as though it has.\" Same-sex immigration policy in the United States Same-sex immigration policy in the United States denied couples in same-sex relationships the same rights and privileges afforded different-sex couples based on several court decisions and the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) until the U.S. Supreme Court ruled Section 3 of DOMA unconstitutional in \"United States v. Windsor\" on June 26, 2013. In 1982, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled in \"Adams v. Howerton\", 673 F.2d 1036 (9th Cir. 1982), that for the purposes of immigration law the term \"spouse\" as used in","rights (compare this to section 1 of the \"Charter\"). Article 4 recognized the importance of the right to vote, and article 5 elaborated on this by saying the right could not be denied due to race, religion or sex. Articles 6 and 7 set the maximum duration of the House of Commons of Canada and provincial legislatures at five years (a function now assumed by section 4 of the \"Charter\"). Language rights were covered by Part II of the Victoria Charter. Article 10 recognized Canada's official bilingualism and article 11 allowed bilingualism in Parliament and in the legislatures of Ontario,","that Louisiana's law lacked an \"exceedingly persuasive justification\" for its sex-based classification, and therefore was in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In 1980, during the appeals process, Louisiana changed their laws to eliminate the Head and Master provisions. In 2015, during oral arguments in the same-sex marriage case \"Obergefell v. Hodges\" U.S. Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg used the example of the Supreme Court's striking down of Louisiana's Head and Master rule in \"Kirchberg v. Feenstra\" to illustrate how \"traditional\" concepts of marriage had been revised over time. \"Justice Ginsburg: \"We have changed our","the reputation of the Scottish legal system for fair dealing\"\". Much was made of when a Sheriff described the law as \"mince\". After passing Stage 1 on 25 January 2018, Stage 2 on 27 February and Stage 3 on 15 March, the bill received royal assent on 19 April, repealing the 2012 Act. Offensive Behaviour at Football and Threatening Communications (Scotland) Act 2012 The Offensive Behaviour at Football and Threatening Communications (Scotland) Act 2012 was an Act of the Scottish Parliament which created new criminal offences concerning sectarian behaviour at football games. The Act was repealed on 20 April 2018.","of the Charter for the later victory of the \"Parti Québécois\" in provincial elections in 1976 and for the Meech Lake Accord, since Bourassa had cost Quebec a constitutional veto. \"Much of Bourassa's subsequent career has been spent trying to regain what he was once so unwise as to refuse,\" Trudeau wrote. Victoria Charter The Victoria Charter was a set of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada in 1971. This document represented a failed attempt on the part of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau to patriate the Constitution, add rights and freedoms to it and entrench English and French as","so that better international relations may be achieved. The rule is now used internationally as an aid to free discussion. The original rule of 1927 was refined in October 1992 and again in 2002. Chatham House has translated the rule into Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Portuguese, Spanish and Russian. The rule is a contrast (or a compromise) between private meetings, where revealing what was said in the meeting is forbidden, and \"on the record\" events where the discussion is completely public and attributed. Generally, the Chatham House Rule is imposed as a condition of being allowed to attend a meeting","Constitution Act, 1982 was no express provision giving the courts the power to decide that a Canadian law violated the BNA Act and was therefore inoperative, this power was implicit in s. 2 of the \"Colonial Laws Validity Act\", which established the priority of statutes to be applied by the courts. In 1931, the British Parliament enacted the Statute of Westminster, 1931. This Act provided that the \"Colonial Laws Validity Act\" no longer applied to the British Dominions, including Canada. However, it provided that Canada could not amend the \"British North America Act\", which remained subject to amendment only by the British Parliament.","In a five to four decision the Court found that there was a \"Charter\" violation and that it could not be saved under section 1 of the \"Charter\". The finding that common law marriages are protected by section 15 was repeated in \"Nova Scotia (Attorney General) v. Walsh\" (2002) and \"Hodge v. Canada (Minister of Human Resources Development)\" (2004). However, both these cases saw section 15 claims lose in the Supreme Court, as the justices decided that differential treatment based on marital status in these cases should not affect dignity. Miron v Trudel Miron v Trudel, [1995] 2 S.C.R. 418","whether the delay in bringing an accused to trial has been unreasonable: The justices agreed that the specific guarantees provided by Section 11 of the Charter ought to be understood primarily as supporting the fundamental justice provisions of Section 7, but while Justices Cory and McLachlin found in Section 11(b) a broader societal or communitarian interest in the principle of timely justice, Justices Dickson, Lamer and Sopinka found in this section only an individual right touching the interest of an accused. R v Askov R v Askov, [1990] 2 S.C.R. 1199, is a 1990 appeal heard before the Supreme Court","Reception statute necessary. The reception date for New Brunswick is 1660, for Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island 1758, and for Newfoundland and Labrador 1825. Quebec was settled as a French colony and originally operated under the French civil law system by using the \"Coûtume de Paris\". Upon the transfer of the colony to British control, the British government issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which imposed English common law on the colony under the principle set out in Blackstone relating to captured colonies. However, in 1774, the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act, which restored the French civil law for matters","Manitoba headquarters, before moving it to Winnipeg in 1875. From 1875 to 1879, the Canadian government used Fort Dufferin as an immigration station for steamboats entering the country along the Red River and as a quarantine station for livestock. With the completion of the international rail line on the east side of the river at Emerson in 1878, steamboat traffic on the river ceased and the immigration station at Fort Dufferin was no longer needed. In 1879, the fort was abandoned and the Canadian government sold the property. Fort Dufferin was designated a National Historic Site in 1937 and is","not considered an option by federal-level parties other than the Bloc Québécois and essentially all the population of the English-speaking provinces. Constitutional debate in Canada The Constitutional debate of Canada is an ongoing debate covering various political issues regarding the fundamental law of the country. The debate can be traced back to the Royal Proclamation, issued on October 7, 1763, following the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1763) wherein France ceded most of New France to Great Britain in favour of keeping Guadeloupe. Since the enactment of the Constitution Act, 1867, which brought the Province of Canada, New Brunswick,","of other tribal languages like Ho, Kuruk and Munda in the Eighth Schedule. President of Jharkhand Disom Party (JDP) women cell Sumitra Murmu stated that the long battle which Salkhan initiated 20 years ago for the inclusion of the language in the Eighth Schedule had been won. Jharkhand Mukti Morcha chief Shibu Soren described inclusion of Santhali language as \"not surprising\", saying, \"It was a political decision and had to happen some day.\" Ninety-second Amendment of the Constitution of India The Ninety-second Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Ninety-second Amendment) Act, 2003, amended the Eighth","Legal dispute over Quebec's language policy Court of Canada declared Chapter III of the Charter of the French Language unconstitutional, citing it contrary to section 133 of the British North America Act of 1867. The highest court in Canada judged that the enacting and passing of laws had to be done in both French and English in the parliaments of Quebec and Canada. Sections 7 to 13 of the Charter of the French Language had made French the only language of legislation and only provided for a translation of laws in English at the end of the legislative process. The Quebec government responded by re-enacting the","process with aboriginal peoples. The basis for aboriginal title was later expanded on in \"Guerin v. The Queen\", [1984] 2 S.C.R. 335, \"Delgamuukw v. British Columbia\" [1997] 3 S.C.R. 1010. DC, and most recently in \"Tsilhqot'in Nation v British Columbia\", [2014] 2 SCR 257, 2014 SCC 44 (CanLII). The case for the Nisga'a was argued by Thomas Berger, subsequently Mr. Justice Thomas Berger, in his first major advocacy role in Canadian Aboriginal law. Calder v British Columbia (AG) Calder v British Columbia (AG) [1973] S.C.R. 313, [1973] 4 W.W.R. 1 was a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada. It","least 10 years judicial service, elect to give up their regular judicial duties and hold office as a supernumerary judge. Supernumerary<Br> The sons of two former Court of Appeal justices (Samuel Freedman and Alfred Monnin) currently serve as judges on the court (Martin Freedman, Michel Monnin and Marc Monnin). The first female appointed to the Court was Bonnie M. Helper, on June 30, 1989. Manitoba Court of Appeal The Manitoba Court of Appeal () is the highest court of appeal in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was established in 1906. It is located in the Old Law Courts building","Amendments to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court force for 30 states parties and (2) on a date after 1 January 2017, the Assembly of States Parties has voted in favour of allowing the Court to exercise jurisdiction. In November 2015, an additional amendment to remove article 124 from the Statute was adopted during the 14th meeting of the Assembly of States Parties in The Hague in the Netherlands. In December 2017, three amendments to article 8 were adopted at the 12th meeting of the Assembly of States Parties in New York City. An amendment to article 8 was adopted on 10 June 2010 at the Review Conference","Bill of Rights 1689 member of parliament) against \"The Guardian\" was stopped after Justice May ruled that the Bill of Rights' prohibition on the courts' ability to question parliamentary proceedings would prevent \"The Guardian\" from obtaining a fair hearing. Section 13 of the Defamation Act 1996, was subsequently enacted to permit MPs to waive their parliamentary privilege and thus cite their own speeches if relevant to litigation. Following the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum in 2016, the Bill of Rights was quoted in a court ruling on a legal challenge seeking a judicial declaration that triggering EU exit must first be authorised by","Convention against Discrimination in Education Convention against Discrimination in Education is a multilateral treaty adopted by UNESCO on 14 December 1960 in Paris and came into effect on 22 May 1962, which aims to combat discrimination cultural or religious assimilation or racial segregation in the field of education. The Convention also ensures the free choice of religious education and private school, right to use or teach their own languages for national minorities. and prohibits any reservation. The Convention enters into force for each State 12 months after the deposit of instrument of ratification. As at December 2018, 104 states were","Federal Court of Appeal (Canada) other judges earn $288,100 annually. In April 2014, the court ruled in favour of the Métis people in a case involving extending protections to Aboriginal peoples in Canada who lived off-reserve. In September 2015, the court dismissed an appeal by the Government of Canada over a ruling by the Federal Court that found a rule banning the Niqāb at citizenship ceremonies to be unconstitutional. In August 2018, the court rejected the expansion of the Trans Mountain Pipeline on the basis that the National Energy Board's (NEB) process and findings were \"so flawed that the Governor in Council could not reasonably","Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Act 2017 floor of the House of Representatives. The second reading debate continued on 5 and 6 December 2017. The amendment moved by Abbott was rejected and the bill passed the second reading stage without a division being called for on 7 December 2017. The bill moved to the consideration in detail stage immediately after the second reading was held. All amendments, most of which were moved by government MPs which sought to expand religious and conscientious exemptions to same-sex marriages, were rejected by the House. The bill then passed the consideration in detail stage. The bill then immediately passed the third","Canadian Human Rights Commission free speech controversy in \"Saskatchewan (Human Rights Commission) v. Whatcott\" 2013 SCC 11: \"Hate speech lays the groundwork for later, broad attacks on vulnerable groups that can range from discrimination, to ostracism, segregation, deportation, violence and, in the most extreme cases, to genocide.\" The \"Canadian Human Rights Act\" was enacted in 1977. Parliament twice expanded the scope of s. 13(1). In 1998, a penalty was added for breaches of s. 13(1). In 2001, s. 13(1) was expanded to apply to telecommunications over the internet, These expansions of the section raised questions as to whether s. 13(1), which had been found by the Supreme","Linguistic discrimination most consistent targets, due to the fact that the speech varieties that come to be associated with such groups have a tendency to be stigmatized. The Charter of the French Language, first established in 1977 and amended several times since, has been accused of being discriminatory by English speakers. The law makes French the official language of Quebec and mandates its use (with exceptions) in government offices and communiques, schools, and in commercial public relations. Though the proportion of English speakers had been in decline since the 1960s, the law accelerated this, and the 2006 census showed there had been","overstated: Trudeau once said that he regretted the use of the term \"bilingualism\", because it appeared to demand that all Canadians speak two languages. In fact, Trudeau's vision was to see Canada as a bilingual confederation in which \"all\" cultures would have a place. In this way, his conception broadened beyond simply the relationship of Quebec to Canada. On October 8, 1971, Pierre Trudeau introduced the Multiculturalism Policy in the House of Commons. It was the first of its kind in the world, and was then emulated in several provinces, such as Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and other countries most notably","version of the \" was published in July 2013, following a public consultation and an extraordinary general meeting when a number of amendments to the manifesto were adopted. In August 2013, the group wrote to the First Minister Carwyn Jones, giving him six months to state his intention to deliver six policy changes for the benefit of the language: Carwyn Jones had made no such statement of intent by 1 February 2014, and the group started a direct action campaign and held a series of protests across the country. Welsh Language Society The Welsh Language Society (, often abbreviated to","Freedom of movement such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966). Article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, reads, Article 12 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights incorporates this right into treaty law: The ICCPR entered into force for the initial ratifying states on 23 March 1976, and for additional states following their ratification. In 1999, the U.N. Human Rights Committee, which is charged with interpreting the treaty, issued its guidelines for Article 12 of the ICCPR in its \"General Comment","Lau v. Nichols the same treatment for all students, even though some students were disadvantaged due to their limited fluency in English, the school district was not required to make up for the different starting points of students. The students appealed the Court of Appeal's decision to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court issued its decision on January 21, 1974, with the Court unanimously ruling in favor of Lau. Instead of examining the equal protection clause from the 14th Amendment, the Court relied on Section 601 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Since the school system received federal funding, it was required","1 Dental Unit, 1 Military Police Regiment, and an Integrated Personnel Support Centre. The base currently houses 1,700 soldiers. After the control of Rupert's Land was passed from Great Britain to the Government of Canada in 1869, Manitoba attained full-fledged rights and responsibilities of self-government as the first Canadian province carved out of the Northwest Territories. The Legislative Assembly of Manitoba was established on 14 July 1870. Political parties first emerged between 1878 and 1883, with a two-party system (Liberals and Conservatives). The United Farmers of Manitoba appeared in 1922, and later merged with the Liberals in 1932. Other parties,","Charter of the French Language Québécois MNA Gérald Godin himself ordered the sandwich by its name. Dunn's also fought a ruling to change the name of \"Smoked Meat\" to \"Boeuf Mariné\" in order to conform to Quebec Language Law. They won the ruling by appeal by proving that if they didn't advertise \"Smoked Meat\" they would confuse and anger customers. Due to the work of Myer Dunn, under the new ruling, enacted in 1987, Smoked meat became a word in both Official languages of Canada. In 2002, there were reported cases of harassment of allophone merchants who refused to speak French. The 2004 annual report","Léo Piquette language rights. In February 1988, the Supreme Court of Canada released its decision in \"R. v. Mercure\", [1988] 1 S.C.R. 234. The Court ruled that s. 110 continued in force in both Saskatchewan and Alberta but also held that the legislatures of those provinces could unilaterally modify these language rights. The Alberta Legislature responded by allowing members to speak in French, but only if they provided the Speaker with a written translation of their comments, in advance. After his electoral defeat in 1989, Léo Piquette stayed active in the francophone community and provincial politics. In 1994, he helped pioneer francophone","Amendments to the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and that the bilingual assistance provision was a costly unfunded mandate. Opponents proposed several amendments to weaken the legislation, including limiting the extension to 5 years, requiring the federal government to pay for the bilingual voting materials, and completely removing the bilingual provisions. These amendments failed, and Congress passed the legislation with mostly Democratic support; the House passed it by a 237-125 vote, and the Senate passed it by a 75-20 vote. President George H. W. Bush signed the legislation on August 26, 1992. Congress reconsidered the Act in 2006 as the special provisions were due to expire in 2007.","Métis in Canada Court in \"Alberta v. Cunningham\" (2011). The number of people self-identifying as Métis has risen sharply since the late 20th century: between 1996 and 2006, the population of Canadians who self-identify as Métis nearly doubled, to approximately 390,000. Until \"R v. Powley\" (2003), there was no legal definition of Métis other than the legal requirements found in the Metis Settlements Act of 1990. The Powley case involved a claim by Steven Powley and his son Rodney, two members of the Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario Métis community who were asserting Métis hunting rights. The Supreme Court of Canada outlined three broad","R v Mercure R v Mercure was a ruling by the Supreme Court of Canada in 1988, dealing with language rights in the province of Saskatchewan. The appellant demanded the right to a statutory provision in Saskatchewan governing a speeding ticket be expressed in French as well as the right to have a trial conducted in French. English and French are both considered official languages in Canada. Lower courts had denied him this right, so he sought appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada. However, the appellant died before the Supreme Court could hear his appeal. The Court exercised its","insisting that they be called , \"despite the fact that \"steak\" is the far more common term among Francophones.\" The Conseil supérieur de la langue française (Superior Council of the French language) is an advisory council whose mission is \"to advise the minister responsible for the application of the Charter of the French language on any question relative to the French language in Quebec\". It works in close collaboration with equivalent bodies in France, Belgium and Switzerland. Language in Canada is defined federally by the Official Languages Act since 1969 and is part of the Constitution of Canada since 1982.","20. Section 20 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 20 of the \"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\" is one of the sections of the Constitution of Canada dealing with Canada's two official languages, English and French. Along with section 16, section 20 is one of the few sections under the title \"Official Languages of Canada\" that guarantees bilingualism outside Parliament, legislatures and courts. This also makes it more extensive than language rights in the \"Constitution Act, 1867\". Section 20's specific function is to establish a right to English and French services from the governments of Canada","Meech Lake Accord approved as soon as possible. Quebec passed the Accord on June 23, 1987, triggering the three year time limit provided for by the Section 39(2) of the \"Constitution Act, 1982\"; this meant that June 22, 1990, would be the last possible day the Accord could pass. Saskatchewan ratified the Accord on September 23, 1987, and Alberta did likewise on December 7, 1987. After the conclusion of public hearings, New Brunswick premier Richard Hatfield was unable, despite significant pressure from Mulroney, to put the Accord to the floor of the provincial legislature. Hatfield's government lost every seat in the October 1987","Parties may request the translation in French or English of the judgments by the courts or decisions rendered by any \"body discharging quasi-judicial functions\". The French text prevails over the English one, in case of any discrepancy, for any regulation to which section 133 of the Constitution Act of 1867 does not apply. The first version of the Charter of the French Language provided that laws be enacted only in French. In 1979, the related provisions (articles 7 through 13) were rendered inoperative by a ruling of the Supreme Court of Canada in \"Attorney General of Quebec v. Blaikie\"; however,","Remedies in Singapore constitutional law one with far-reaching effects. Hence, to overcome the negative impact of such a lacuna, the Supreme Court of Canada has adopted the remedy of granting temporary validity to unconstitutional legislation for the minimum time necessary for the legislature to enact alternative laws. In the case of \"Reference re Manitoba Language Rights\" (1985), the Official Language Act, 1890 purported to allow Acts of the Legislature of Manitoba to be published and printed only in English. The Supreme Court held that the Official Language Act was unconstitutional 95 years after it was passed, as it was inconsistent with section 23 of the","Section 30 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms [and territory] in respect of all matters within the authority of the legislature of each province [and territory]\". The content of section 30 dates back to the original draft of the Charter, which was published in October 1980. In the case \"Fédération Franco-ténoise v. Canada (C.A.)\" (2001), the Federal Court of Appeal discussed section 30 when it rejected the government of the Northwest Territories' claim that the territory now had legal power and independence similar to those of the provinces. (The purpose of this claim was to avoid the obligations of providing official language rights under the Charter, which the","Transgender and cross-dressing history during the election campaign as female and lesbian, in December 2015 they formally came out as non-binary in the legislature during debate on the inclusion of transgender rights in the provincial human rights code. While the provincial \"Hansard\" normally reports members' speeches under the gender honorifics \"Mr.\" or \"Ms.\", Cortes-Vargas is recorded as \"Member Cortes-Vargas\". December 17 - Kael McKenzie was appointed to the Provincial Court of Manitoba, becoming Canada's first-ever transgender judge. In 2016, gender identity or expression was added to Quebec Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which is both a charter of rights and a human rights act.","Legal dispute over Quebec's language policy of the Charter guarantees freedom of expression, which opens the door to challenges to laws which restrict an individual's ability to use a particular language, while section 23 introduced the notion of \"minority language education rights\". Alliance Quebec, an Anglophone rights lobby group was founded in May 1982. It is through this civil association that various anglophone lawyers challenged the constitutionality of Quebec's territorial language policy. In 1984, the Supreme Court invalidated Chapter VIII of the Quebec Charter of the French Language on the basis of its incompatibility with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Section","Section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms defined by the Supreme Court of Canada in the 1990 case \"Mahe v. Alberta\". The Court declared that section 23 guaranteed a \"sliding scale.\" In certain circumstances, the children whose parents could exercise the right might be so few that literally no minority language education may be provided by the government. With a greater number of children, some schools might be required to provide classrooms in which the children could receive minority language education. An even greater number would require the construction of new schools dedicated solely to minority language education. The Court also ruled that the right to \"facilities\"","Official Languages Act (Canada) Canada to determine its constitutionality. They maintained, along with JT Thorson, the former president of the Exchequer Court of Canada, that the bill was outside the powers of the Parliament of Canada. The reference to the court was never made, but the legal question was resolved in 1974, when the Supreme Court ruled, in Jones v. Attorney General of New Brunswick, that the subject matter of the bill was within federal jurisdiction. In subsequent decades the response from provincial governments to the example set by the federal government has been mixed: Public support for bilingual services had dramatically increased between","Section 16.1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 16.1 of the \"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\" is the newest section of the Charter. It was enacted by the Constitution Amendment, 1993 (New Brunswick) and guarantees equality between English-speaking and French-speaking New Brunswickers. Section 16.1 (pronounced \"sixteen point one\") is not to be confused with subsection 16(1) (\"sixteen one\"), which is part of section 16 and goes back to 1982. Section 16.1 is a separate section; the \"point one\" numbering simply indicates that at some time (i.e. in 1993) an amendment inserted this new section between two"],"string":"[\n \"perfectly normal. An example of a European French Anglicism not used in Quebec: An example of a Quebec French Anglicism not used in France; Furthermore, the social meaning and acceptance of anglicisms differs from country to country due to the differences in the historical relationship to French. In Quebec, anglicisms are never used in formal documentation (government papers, instruction sheets) and very rarely used in informal writing (magazines, journals). In 1993, the French passed the legislation Loi Toubon which forbids the use of anglicisms (or those from other languages) in common publications. In both countries, wherever the use of an\",\n \"Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969 IX of Schedule 1 to the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1998. Amends the Statute of Westminster 1285 to clarify the proceedings of Advowsons in case of Quare impedit. Section 2(3) was repealed by Group 2 of Part IX of Schedule 1 to the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1998. Defines the owner's rights for rent charges that survive the repeal of the Copyhold Act 1894. Lists specific provisions that survive the repeals of the Sunday Fairs Act 1448, the Clergy Act 1533, the Appointment of Bishops Act 1533, the Ecclesiastical Licences Act 1533, the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534, and selected sections\",\n \"Tourancheau and July vs. France July both claimed that the prohibition laid down in Article 38 (1) of the Act of 29 July 1881, did not constitute a “necessary measure in a democratic society” that is said in Article 10(2) of the European Convention of Human Rights. Further, Tourancheau and July were disputing the claims about Article 38 against them because they found that Article 38 was in direct conflict with the European Court of Human Rights Article 10(2), talking about free speech and freedom of the press. On December 19, 1997, the Paris Criminal Court ruled that section 38(1) of the 1881 Act did\",\n \"Constitutional debate in Canada Britain with regards to its newly acquired colony of Quebec was revealed in a Royal Proclamation on October 7, 1763. The proclamation renamed Canada \\\"The Province of Quebec\\\", redefined its borders, and established a British appointed colonial government. The new governor of the colony was given the power and direction to summon and call general assemblies of the people's representatives. The current Constitution of Canada consists of the 1867 British North America Act (BNA) and subsequent amendments. The BNA Act defined the areas of jurisdiction for the provinces and the federal government. There are 29 exclusive federal jurisdictions and 16\",\n \"Legal Services Corp. v. Velazquez welfare-advocacy restriction. The Supreme Court heard oral arguments in the case on October 4, 2000, issuing its decision four months later. The Court affirmed the decision of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, holding that the restriction on pursuing welfare advocacy was unconstitutional under the First Amendment by a vote of 5–4. Justice Kennedy delivered the majority opinion. It distinguished a 1991 Supreme Court case, \\\"Rust v. Sullivan\\\", which upheld a prohibition on federally funded family planning services from discussing abortion with their patients. The majority reasoned that in \\\"Rust\\\" the government was attempting to use its funds to express\",\n \"self-rule culminated in negotiations for the creation of the province of Manitoba. There are many factors that led to an armed uprising of the Métis people against the Government of Canada, a conflict known as the Red River Rebellion aka Resistance. The resolution of the assertion of the right to representation led to the Parliament of Canada passing the Manitoba Act in 1870 that created the province. Manitoba's capital and largest city, Winnipeg, is the eighth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada. Other census agglomerations in the province are Brandon, Steinbach, Portage la Prairie, and Thompson. The name \\\"Manitoba\\\" is believed\",\n \"Ralph B. Hodges the time of his appointment to the Court, Hodges was 34 years old, becoming the youngest Justice to serve on the Oklahoma Supreme Court since statehood. Hodges was retained (re-elected) to the Court in 1966, 1968, 1974, 1980, 1986, and 1992; serving two terms as Chief Justice from 1977–1978 and 1993–1994. In 2002, Justice Hodges wrote the majority opinion for Initiative Petition No. 366, which would have required that all official state business be conducted only in English. If passed at a general election, it would have banned using \\\"...state money from being spent on translations for public documents or\",\n \"and speech communities. Linguistic rights manifest as legislation (the passing of a law), subsequently becoming a statute to be enforced. Language legislation delimiting official usage can by grouped into official, institutionalizing, standardizing, and liberal language legislation, based on its function. \\\"Official legislation makes languages official in the domains of legislation, justice, public administration, and education, [commonly according to territoriality and personality]. Various combinations of both principles are also used... Institutionalizing legislation covers the unofficial domains of labour, communications, culture, commerce, and business...\\\" In relation to legislation, a causal effect of linguistic rights is language policy. The field of language planning\",\n \"in the English Bill of Rights in 1689. They were enshrined at the global level and given status in international law first by Articles 3 to 21 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and later in the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In Europe, they were enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights in 1953. The civil rights movement was a struggle for social justice that took place mainly during the 1950s and 1960s for blacks to gain equal rights under the law in the United States. In 1868, the 14th amendment to the\",\n \"The Manitoban The Manitoban is the official student newspaper at the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Published for the first time on November 5, 1914, the \\\"Toban\\\", as it is called for short, is one of the oldest and largest (by circulation and budget) student newspapers in Canada. The tabloid-sized paper is published monthly during the summer and every Wednesday during the regular Fall-Winter university session. The Manitoban is non-profit and is completely owned and operated by students. During the fall and winter 10,000 copies of the \\\"Manitoban\\\" are printed on a weekly basis, and distributed extensively on both\",\n \"Universal Declaration of Human Rights parliaments, governments, and the United Nations. Decadal commemorations are often accompanied by campaigns to promote awareness of the Declaration and human rights. 2008 marked the 60th anniversary of the Declaration, and was accompanied by year-long activities around the theme \\\"Dignity and justice for all of us\\\". In 1948, the UN Resolution A/RES/217(III)[A] adopted the Declaration on a bilingual document in English and French, and official translations in Chinese, Russian and Spanish. In 2009, the \\\"Guinness Book of Records\\\" described the Declaration as the world's \\\"Most Translated Document\\\" (370 different languages and dialects). The Unicode Consortium stores 431 of the 503\",\n \"NLRB v. SW General, Inc. where acting Solicitor General Ian Heath Gershengorn personally appeared for the government. On March 21, 2017, the Supreme Court delivered judgment in favor of the company, voting 6-2 to affirm the lower court. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote that the exception did not cover Solomon, rejected the government's argument that a ruling against it would hamstring future presidents and call into question dozens of temporary appointments made over the years, and dismissed arguments that historical practice supported the government. Since the law was enacted in 1998, three presidents have nominated 112 people for permanent posts who also were serving as\",\n \"interpretation. Notable bodies include the Parliament of Kosovo with three official languages, the Parliament of Canada with two official languages, the Parliament of South Africa with eleven official languages, the European Union with twenty-four official languages, and the United Nations with six official working languages. These citations refer to documents at Nuremberg trials The Nuremberg trials () were a series of military tribunals held by the Allied forces under international law and the laws of war after World War II. The trials were most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, judicial and economic leadership of\",\n \"Simon Singh the defence of fair comment. On 15 April 2010, the BCA officially withdrew its lawsuit, ending the case. To defend himself for the libel suit, Singh's out-of-pocket legal costs were tens of thousands of pounds, but the trial has acted as a catalyst and focus for libel reform campaigners resulting in all major parties in the 2010 general election making manifesto commitments to libel reform. On 25 April 2013 the Defamation Act 2013 received Queen Elizabeth II’s Royal Assent and became law. The purpose of the reformed law of defamation is to 'ensure that a fair balance is struck between\",\n \"Gill v. Office of Personnel Management case. The DOJ did so on July 3 and the plaintiffs' attorneys did so on August 2. The United States Supreme Court denied those petitions on June 27, 2013, in the wake of its landmark decision in \\\"Windsor v. United States\\\" that Section 3 of DOMA was unconstitutional. The original plaintiffs were 8 same-sex couples and three widowers, all of whom had married in Massachusetts. They claimed that various government agencies had denied their applications for benefits that would have been granted to similarly situated different-sex couples or the surviving spouse of such a marriage. Their specific claims covered: One\",\n \"symbol taped to it was engaging in protected expression; in 1989, the Court similarly upheld the right to burn the American flag as expressive conduct in \\\"Texas v. Johnson\\\". The Court revisited the necessary fit between the important governmental interest and the means to actualize that interest in \\\"Clark v. C.C.N.V.\\\", 468 U.S. 288 (1984), in which it held that the nexus need merely be reasonable. The Court also merged its doctrine of time-place-manner restrictions and the \\\"O'Brien\\\" test into an intermediate scrutiny hybrid. United States v. O'Brien United States v. O'Brien, 391 U.S. 367 (1968), was a decision by\",\n \"European Convention on Human Rights of Europe member state has signed and ratified Protocol 6, except Russia, which has signed but not ratified. Despite having signed the protocol more than thirty years ago Germany and the Netherlands have never ratified it. Turkey, which signed the protocol in 1985, ratified it in 2016, becoming the latest member state to do so. The United Kingdom has neither signed nor ratified the protocol. Applies the current expansive and indefinite grounds of prohibited discrimination in Article 14 to the exercise of any legal right and to the actions (including the obligations) of public authorities. The Protocol entered into force\",\n \"Legal recognition of non-binary gender issue a birth certificate to the child without specifying a gender; Doty has filed a legal challenge. Doty and seven other transgender and intersex people have filed a human rights complaint against the province, alleging that publishing gender markers on birth certificates is discriminatory. In July 2017, the Northwest Territories began allowing \\\"X\\\" as a non-binary option on birth certificates. On August 31, 2017, Canada began allowing an observation to be added to passports requesting that the holder's gender should be read as \\\"X\\\", indicating that it is unspecified, though a gender of \\\"M\\\" or \\\"F\\\" had to be added\",\n \"DeBoer v. Snyder a marriage between two people of the same sex? 2) Does the Fourteenth Amendment require a state to recognize a marriage between two people of the same sex when their marriage was lawfully licensed and performed out-of-state?\\\" The United States Supreme Court had heard oral arguments on April 28, 2015. On June 26, 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court held in a 5–4 decision that the Fourteenth Amendment requires all states to grant same-sex marriages and recognize same-sex marriages granted in other states. The Court overturned its prior decision in \\\"Baker v. Nelson\\\", which the Sixth Circuit had invoked as precedent.\",\n \"Reed Amendment (immigration) version, and went on to be enacted on September 30, 1996. In the aftermath of IIRIRA's passage, Reed's fellow Democrat Daniel Patrick Moynihan made a speech on the Senate floor denouncing the Reed Amendment in harsh terms, saying: \\\"The wording of the statute is embarrassing. How can an alien renounce U.S. citizenship? In what capacity would said alien do so officially? One assumes that a court of law would find the language incoherent and unenforceable ... This is the way we legislate at 5 o'clock in the morning 4 days before adjournment.\\\" Moynihan went on to state that it was\",\n \"Canada (AG) v Lavell to live in the house for another six months, and then another two months, but no longer than that. In order to act in accordance with the Council's resolutions, Mrs. Bédard eventually transferred ownership of the property to her brother (a registered member of the Band) who was granted a Certificate of Possession of the property on March 15, 1971, by the Minister of Indian Affairs as required by the \\\"Indian Act\\\". Mrs. Bédard and her children, with her brother's consent, remained to occupy the premises without rent. On September 15, 1971, the Six Nations Band Council passed Resolution 15,\",\n \"Mahe v Alberta \\\"Charter\\\". The questions before the Supreme Court were: The Court held that section 23 guarantees representation on the school board, and exclusive control over the children's education with respect to culture; or it can guarantee a separate school board. However, there must be sufficient minority language population to warrant either level of protection. In this particular case, the Court decided representation on an existing school board would be sufficient, and held that this did not interfere with denominational school rights under section 29 of the \\\"Charter\\\" since it merely affected language. The Court's unanimous decision was given by Chief Justice\",\n \"Incorporation of the Bill of Rights and people over time. Gradually, various portions of the Bill of Rights have been held to be applicable to state and local governments by incorporation through the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 and the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870. Prior to the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment and the development of the incorporation doctrine, the Supreme Court in 1833 held in \\\"Barron v. Baltimore\\\" that the Bill of Rights applied only to the federal, but not any state governments. Even years after the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Supreme Court in \\\"United States v. Cruikshank\\\" (1876) still held that the First\",\n \"International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination the Convention. The convention was adopted and opened for signature by the United Nations General Assembly on 21 December 1965, and entered into force on 4 January 1969. As of January 2018, it has 88 signatories and 179 parties. The Convention is monitored by the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD). In December 1960, following incidents of antisemitism in several parts of the world, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution condemning \\\"all manifestations and practices of racial, religious and national hatred\\\" as violations of the United Nations Charter and Universal Declaration of Human Rights and calling\",\n \"affirms respect for the freedom of parents in the choice of private schools, and for national minorities to have the right to engage in educational activities of their own and the employment or teaching of their own language. Article 9 prohibits any reservation to the Convention. The treaty, in its entirety, may be viewed here. Convention against Discrimination in Education Convention against Discrimination in Education is a multilateral treaty adopted by UNESCO on 14 December 1960 in Paris and came into effect on 22 May 1962, which aims to combat discrimination cultural or religious assimilation or racial segregation in the\",\n \"Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC, 497 U.S. 547 (1990), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that held that intermediate scrutiny should be applied to equal protection challenges to federal statutes using benign racial classifications. The Court distinguished the previous year's decision \\\"City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Company\\\", 488 U.S. 469 (1989), by noting that it applied only to actions by state and local governments. \\\"Metro Broadcasting\\\" was overruled by \\\"Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña\\\", 515 U.S. 200 (1995), which held that strict scrutiny should be applied to federal\",\n \"rights than married spouses in some areas, especially relating to division of property upon separation. Ontario Family Law Act The Family Law Act (R.S.O. 1990, c. F.3) is a statute passed by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1990, regulating the rights of spouses and dependants in regard to property, support, inheritance, prenuptial agreements, separation agreements, and other matters of family law. In 1999, this statute was the subject of a watershed ruling in \\\"M. v. H.\\\" by the Supreme Court of Canada that established the equality of spousal rights for same-sex couples under Canadian law. The most recent digital\",\n \"Law v Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration) Law v Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration), [1999] 1 SCR 497 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision. The ruling is notable because the court created the \\\"Law\\\" test, a significant new tool that has since been used by Canadian courts for determining the validity of equality right claims under section 15 of the \\\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\\\". However, the \\\"Law\\\" test has since been discredited by the Supreme Court. The case involved Nancy Law, a 30-year-old seeking survivor benefits under the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) which are\",\n \"statutes, as Part V of the Canada Labour Code, (S.C. 1966-67, c. 62). Significant amendments were made to this part of the code in 1973. These amendments included extending bargaining rights to some previously excluded groups (e.g., supervisors, employed professionals, etc.) and expanding the jurisdiction of the labour relations board to include enforcement and remedial powers. Also, provisions for adjustments to technological changes were introduced. Finally, in 1988 the Code was reissued as part of the Revised Statutes of Canada, (R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2.), wherein Part V became Part I. The Act is divided into three distinct parts. The first\",\n \"Quebec (AG) v Blaikie (No 1) Chapter III of Title I of the \\\"Charter of the French Language\\\" to be \\\"ultra vires\\\" the Legislative Assembly of Quebec. The interpretation given by the Court to language rights was expansive in four respects: 1. Both the English and French versions of a law have official status, or else the law cannot be said to have been “enacted” in both language; 2. All subordinate legislation, including regulations, are regarded as being “laws”, and thus the versions in both languages have official status; 3. The rights of all persons to use either official language in court applies to artificial persons\",\n \"Freedom of religion in Canada to accommodate observant Muslims. It was also brought up with the decision of the Quebec Soccer Federation to lift the prohibition on Sikh head coverings. The duty of reasonable accommodation presents particular issues in the province of Quebec. Some describe it as a \\\"subject of high controversy\\\" and as threatening \\\"the collective values chosen by Quebecers to govern their collective existence\\\". Surveys showed that 71.7% of Quebecers whose mother tongue is French found today's society \\\"overly tolerant of accommodation\\\", whereas only 35.2% of Quebecers having another mother tongue shared this opinion. In a 1985 Supreme Court case involving the Lord's\",\n \"ballot on 30 May 2012. It was drawn from the ballot and passed the first and second readings on 29 August 2012 and 13 March 2013, respectively. The final reading passed on 17 April 2013 by 77 votes to 44. The bill received royal assent from the Governor-General on 19 April and took effect on 19 August 2013. New Zealand marriage law only applies to New Zealand proper and the Ross Dependency in Antarctica. Other New Zealand territories, including Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau, have their own marriage law and do not perform or recognise same-sex marriage. Same-sex marriage became\",\n \"30%]), while in the other seven provinces minority communities are quite small, as low as 1.3% in British Columbia Second, the report suggested that in six of the provinces, governments only offer those minority-language services they are obliged to under Section 23 of the \\\"Charter\\\" (i.e. education). In three provinces (Manitoba, New Brunswick, and Quebec) there are other constitutional rights that come into play, over and above Section 23. In Ontario, there is a developed policy of statutory (not constitutional) minority language rights. Language policies of Canada's provinces and territories The language policies of Canada's province and territories vary substantially\",\n \"Twenty-first Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan Twenty-first Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (Urdu: آئین پاکستان میں اکیسویں ترمیم) was passed by both the National Assembly of Pakistan and Senate of Pakistan on January 6, 2015, and received the assent of the President on January 7, 2015. The Bill amended the Article 175 and the First Schedule of the Constitution. It also has a self-contained sunset clause, which causes the amendments to expire on January 7, 2017. The amendment established speedy trial military courts for terrorist offenses, waging war against Pakistan, and acts threatening the security of Pakistan. The\",\n \"Elmer Driedger out in his 1974 book, \\\"The Construction of Statutes\\\", was quoted verbatim in the court's decision in \\\"Rizzo & Rizzo Shoes Ltd.\\\": \\\"The Construction of Statutes\\\" became an influential text in Canadian legal circles. A second edition was published in 1983. Following Driedger's death, Ruth Sullivan, a law professor at the University of Ottawa, substantially revised Driedger's text in the third edition published in 1994. A fourth edition was published in 2002, and a fifth edition in 2008. Sullivan has become so closely associated with the updated edition of the book that it has since been retitled, \\\"Sullivan on the\",\n \"Equal Rights Amendment gaining an additional ratification between the original deadline of March 22, 1979 and the revised June 30, 1982, expiration date was when it was approved by the Florida House of Representatives on June 21, 1982. In the final week before the revised deadline, that ratifying resolution, however, was defeated in the Florida Senate by a vote of 16 yeas and 22 nays. Even if Florida had ratified the ERA, the proposed amendment would still have fallen short of the required 38. According to research by Professor Jules B. Gerard, professor of law at Washington University in St. Louis, of the\",\n \"Eldridge v British Columbia (AG) Eldridge v British Columbia (AG), [1997] 3 SCR 624, is a leading decision by the Supreme Court of Canada that expanded the application of the \\\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\\\" under section 32 of the \\\"Charter\\\". Each of the appellants in this case was born deaf; their preferred means of communication was ASL, a local sign language. They contended that the absence of interpreters impaired their ability to communicate with their doctors and other health care providers, and thus increased the risk of misdiagnosis and ineffective treatment. The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that\",\n \"Arizonans for Official English v. Arizona Arizonans for Official English v. Arizona, 520 U.S. 43 (1996), was a United States Supreme Court decision that held that Article III required standing for each stage of litigation, rather than just when a complaint is filed. In 1988, ballot initiative Proposition 106, mandating that state employees speak only English on the job passed with 50.5% of the vote. Arizona insurance claims manager Maria-Kelly Yniguez sued to overturn this law because she was concerned that she would be fired for speaking Spanish to claimants. However, on February 6, 1990, judge Paul Rosenblatt of the\",\n \"Constitutional history of Canada The constitutional history of Canada begins with the 1763 Treaty of Paris, in which France ceded most of New France to Great Britain. Canada was the colony along the St Lawrence River, part of present-day Ontario and Quebec. Its government underwent many structural changes over the following century. In 1867 Canada became the name of the new federal Dominion extending ultimately from the Atlantic to the Pacific and the Arctic coasts. Canada obtained legislative autonomy from the United Kingdom in 1931, and had its constitution (including a new rights charter) patriated in 1982. Canada's constitution includes\",\n \"Forced Labour Convention voluntarily\\\", with few exceptions like compulsorly military service. The convention excludes \\\"adult able-bodied males\\\", to whom legal imposition of forced labour is allowed. The Convention was adopted in Geneva 28 June 1930 and came into force on 1 May 1932. By the end of 1932 ten countries had ratified the convention (Japan, Bulgaria, Spain, Norway, Denmark, Australia, Sweden, United Kingdom, Liberia, and Ireland). Austria in 1960, Luxembourg in 1964 and Malta in 1965 were the last Western European countries to ratify the convention. Canada ratified it in 2011 and as of 2015 the United States has not ratified it. The\",\n \"Lavergne Law The La Vergne Law (or Lavergne Law) of 1910, formally known as the \\\"Loi amendant le Code civil concernant les contrats faits avec les compagnies de services d'utilité publique\\\" (1910, Geo. V, c. 40), was an act of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec which made the use of both English and French mandatory on tickets, documents, bills and contracts issued by transportation and public utility companies. Prior to this, these were customarily in English only. The law's primary sponsor was Armand La Vergne (or Lavergne), a legislator representing the \\\"Ligue nationaliste canadienne\\\". The law came into effect on\",\n \"in 1949. Mobility restrictions were lifted in 1949. In the late 1970s and 1980s, documents on the Japanese Canadian internment were released, and redress was sought by the National Association of Japanese Canadians, an organization representing Japanese Canadians nationally that was headed by Art Miki from Winnipeg. In 1986, it was shown that Japanese Canadians lost $443 million during the internment. There were 63% of Canadians who supported redress and 45% who favoured individual compensation. On September 22, 1988, the National Association of Japanese Canadians succeeded in negotiating a redress settlement with the government at the time, under the leadership\",\n \"Section 29 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Quebec, until abrogated by the \\\"Constitution Amendment, 1997 (Québec)\\\". Quebec was and is predominantly Catholic (though the effects this has had on the province's politics have changed over the years; see Quiet Revolution). Section 17 of the Alberta Act, 1905 also guarantees denominational school rights for Catholics in Alberta. While the rights for Catholics and Protestants seem to contradict \\\"Charter\\\" values of equality, section 29 clarifies the privileges cannot be challenged on \\\"Charter\\\" grounds. It was inserted because the authors of the \\\"Constitution Act, 1982\\\" did not want to be held responsible for challenging the old system. As noted in\",\n \"affirming the recognition of oral testimony from Indigenous people.\\\" Delgamuukw v British Columbia Delgamuukw v British Columbia [1997] 3 S.C.R. 1010, also known as Delgamuukw v The Queen is a groundbreaking ruling by the Supreme Court of Canada \\\"containing its first definitive statement on the content of Aboriginal title in Canada.\\\" The ruling also described the \\\"scope of protection afforded Aboriginal title under the Constitution Act, 1982\\\" as well as defining \\\"how Aboriginal title may be proved.\\\" It also outlined the \\\"justification test for infringements of Aboriginal title.\\\" In 2017, CBC reported that this case \\\"set a precedent for Indigenous\",\n \"Forty-third Amendment of the Constitution of India on 16December 1977 as the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Bill, 1977. It was introduced by Shanti Bhushan, Minister of Law, Justice and Company Affairs. The bill sought to amend Articles 145, 228 and 366, and omit Articles 31D, 32A, 131A, 144A, 226A and 228A of the constitution. The bill was debated by the Lok Sabha on 19 and 20 December, and was passed on 20December, after adopting a formal amendment to replace the word \\\"Forty-fourth\\\" with \\\"Forty-third\\\" in Clause 1 of the Bill. Subsequently, Clauses 7 to 10 of the Bill were renumbered as 8 to 11 respectively. It was then\",\n \"Section 3 of the Human Rights Act 1998 and give effect\\\" requires the interpretation \\\"where possible\\\" of legislation – where there is an interpretation open to the court that is consistent with Convention rights, it must be chosen over those that do not. Following the introduction of the Human Rights Act, there was some disagreement between judges as to how far this provision went. Lord Steyn, in \\\"R v A\\\", has said \\\"the interpretative obligation under section 3 of the 1998 Act is a strong one. It applies even if there is no ambiguity in the language in the sense of the language being capable of two different\",\n \"Rosetta Stone Ltd. v. Google, Inc. on the ground that Rosetta Stone failed to allege facts showing that it conferred a benefit on Google, for which Google should reasonably be expected to repay. In 1996, Congress enacted The Federal Trademark Dilution Act (Amended in 2006 with the passage of the Trademark Dilution Revision Act of 2006) that established a federal claim for trademark dilution. To state a prima facie dilution claim the plaintiff must plead that: Trademark dilution does not rely on consumer confusion, instead dilution is concerned with the whittling away of the established trademark's selling power and value through its unauthorized use by others.\",\n \"Seventh Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa The Seventh Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa made various changes involving the financial management of national and provincial government. Most of its provisions came into force on 26 April 2002, and the remainder on 1 December 2003. The amendment made the following changes to the Constitution: The amendment was passed by the National Assembly on 1 November 2001 with the requisite two-thirds majority (274 votes in favour), and by the National Council of Provinces (NCOP) on 15 November with eight of nine provinces in favour, KwaZulu-Natal being the lone dissenter.\",\n \"which significantly weakened the foundation of the Lau decision. Lau v. Nichols Lau v. Nichols, 414 U.S. 563 (1974), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously decided that the lack of supplemental language instruction in public school for students with limited English proficiency violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The court held that since non-English speakers were denied a meaningful education, the disparate impact caused by the school policy violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the school district was demanded to provide students with \\\"appropriate relief\\\". In 1971, the San Francisco school\",\n \"Cardona v. Shinseki defending the constitutionality of the statutes. Oral argument was originally scheduled for November 29, 2012. On November 8, BLAG requested it be postponed for forty-five days, pending the U.S. Supreme Court's disposition of petitions for writs of certiorari in several other cases challenging the constitutionality of Section 3 of DOMA (\\\"Massachusetts v. United States Department of Health and Human Services\\\", \\\"Gill v. Office of Personnel Management\\\", \\\"Golinski v. Office of Personnel Management\\\", \\\"Windsor v. United States\\\", and \\\"Pedersen v. Office of Personnel Management\\\"). The court granted the delay over Cardona's objections. On December 18, 2012, the court, sua sponte, ordered\",\n \"Constitution of Canada the Canadian parliament, passed the Canada Act 1982, which included in its schedules the Constitution Act, 1982, the United Kingdom thus formally absolving itself of any remaining responsibility for, or jurisdiction over, Canada. In a formal ceremony on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Queen Elizabeth II proclaimed both acts as law on 17 April 1982. Constitution Act, 1982, included the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Prior to the charter, there were various statutes which protected an assortment of civil rights and obligations, but nothing was enshrined in the constitution until 1982. The charter has thus placed a strong focus upon\",\n \"of Canada in \\\"Baker v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)\\\", where the Court set out a test for determining when certain procedural protections are required. Nicholson v Haldimand-Norfolk Reg Police Commrs Nicholson v Haldimand-Norfolk Reg Police Commrs, [1979] 1 SCR 311, is a leading decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in Canadian administrative law. The decision was a landmark reform of administrative law, in which the Court significantly increased the degree of court intervention on procedural grounds. The Court stated that procedural fairness exists on a continuum and that parties are entitled to a certain degree of it\",\n \"Marriage Act 1961 (Australia) by Liberal Party Senator Dean Smith on 15 November 2017. The bill amends the definition of \\\"marriage\\\" in the Act, omitting the words \\\"man and a woman\\\" and replacing it with the gender-neutral \\\"2 people\\\". The bill passed the Senate by 43 votes to 12 on 29 November 2017 and passed the House of Representatives on 7 December 2017, with only four votes against. It was given royal assent by the governor-general, Sir Peter Cosgrove, on 8 December 2017. The Act had the effect of amending the definition of marriage in Section 5 of the \\\"Marriage Act\\\": marriage means the\",\n \"Section 6 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Along with the language rights in the \\\"Charter\\\" (sections 16-23), section 6 was meant to protect Canadian unity. French Canadians, who have been at the centre of unity debates, are able to travel throughout all Canada and receive government and educational services in their own language. Hence, they are not confined to Quebec (the only province where they form the majority and where most of their population is based), which would polarize the country along regional lines. According to the Supreme Court in \\\"Canadian Egg Marketing Agency v. Richardson\\\" (1998), section 6 is also \\\"rooted in a concern with human\",\n \"act as though it has.\\\" Same-sex immigration policy in the United States Same-sex immigration policy in the United States denied couples in same-sex relationships the same rights and privileges afforded different-sex couples based on several court decisions and the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) until the U.S. Supreme Court ruled Section 3 of DOMA unconstitutional in \\\"United States v. Windsor\\\" on June 26, 2013. In 1982, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled in \\\"Adams v. Howerton\\\", 673 F.2d 1036 (9th Cir. 1982), that for the purposes of immigration law the term \\\"spouse\\\" as used in\",\n \"rights (compare this to section 1 of the \\\"Charter\\\"). Article 4 recognized the importance of the right to vote, and article 5 elaborated on this by saying the right could not be denied due to race, religion or sex. Articles 6 and 7 set the maximum duration of the House of Commons of Canada and provincial legislatures at five years (a function now assumed by section 4 of the \\\"Charter\\\"). Language rights were covered by Part II of the Victoria Charter. Article 10 recognized Canada's official bilingualism and article 11 allowed bilingualism in Parliament and in the legislatures of Ontario,\",\n \"that Louisiana's law lacked an \\\"exceedingly persuasive justification\\\" for its sex-based classification, and therefore was in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In 1980, during the appeals process, Louisiana changed their laws to eliminate the Head and Master provisions. In 2015, during oral arguments in the same-sex marriage case \\\"Obergefell v. Hodges\\\" U.S. Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg used the example of the Supreme Court's striking down of Louisiana's Head and Master rule in \\\"Kirchberg v. Feenstra\\\" to illustrate how \\\"traditional\\\" concepts of marriage had been revised over time. \\\"Justice Ginsburg: \\\"We have changed our\",\n \"the reputation of the Scottish legal system for fair dealing\\\"\\\". Much was made of when a Sheriff described the law as \\\"mince\\\". After passing Stage 1 on 25 January 2018, Stage 2 on 27 February and Stage 3 on 15 March, the bill received royal assent on 19 April, repealing the 2012 Act. Offensive Behaviour at Football and Threatening Communications (Scotland) Act 2012 The Offensive Behaviour at Football and Threatening Communications (Scotland) Act 2012 was an Act of the Scottish Parliament which created new criminal offences concerning sectarian behaviour at football games. The Act was repealed on 20 April 2018.\",\n \"of the Charter for the later victory of the \\\"Parti Québécois\\\" in provincial elections in 1976 and for the Meech Lake Accord, since Bourassa had cost Quebec a constitutional veto. \\\"Much of Bourassa's subsequent career has been spent trying to regain what he was once so unwise as to refuse,\\\" Trudeau wrote. Victoria Charter The Victoria Charter was a set of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada in 1971. This document represented a failed attempt on the part of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau to patriate the Constitution, add rights and freedoms to it and entrench English and French as\",\n \"so that better international relations may be achieved. The rule is now used internationally as an aid to free discussion. The original rule of 1927 was refined in October 1992 and again in 2002. Chatham House has translated the rule into Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Portuguese, Spanish and Russian. The rule is a contrast (or a compromise) between private meetings, where revealing what was said in the meeting is forbidden, and \\\"on the record\\\" events where the discussion is completely public and attributed. Generally, the Chatham House Rule is imposed as a condition of being allowed to attend a meeting\",\n \"Constitution Act, 1982 was no express provision giving the courts the power to decide that a Canadian law violated the BNA Act and was therefore inoperative, this power was implicit in s. 2 of the \\\"Colonial Laws Validity Act\\\", which established the priority of statutes to be applied by the courts. In 1931, the British Parliament enacted the Statute of Westminster, 1931. This Act provided that the \\\"Colonial Laws Validity Act\\\" no longer applied to the British Dominions, including Canada. However, it provided that Canada could not amend the \\\"British North America Act\\\", which remained subject to amendment only by the British Parliament.\",\n \"In a five to four decision the Court found that there was a \\\"Charter\\\" violation and that it could not be saved under section 1 of the \\\"Charter\\\". The finding that common law marriages are protected by section 15 was repeated in \\\"Nova Scotia (Attorney General) v. Walsh\\\" (2002) and \\\"Hodge v. Canada (Minister of Human Resources Development)\\\" (2004). However, both these cases saw section 15 claims lose in the Supreme Court, as the justices decided that differential treatment based on marital status in these cases should not affect dignity. Miron v Trudel Miron v Trudel, [1995] 2 S.C.R. 418\",\n \"whether the delay in bringing an accused to trial has been unreasonable: The justices agreed that the specific guarantees provided by Section 11 of the Charter ought to be understood primarily as supporting the fundamental justice provisions of Section 7, but while Justices Cory and McLachlin found in Section 11(b) a broader societal or communitarian interest in the principle of timely justice, Justices Dickson, Lamer and Sopinka found in this section only an individual right touching the interest of an accused. R v Askov R v Askov, [1990] 2 S.C.R. 1199, is a 1990 appeal heard before the Supreme Court\",\n \"Reception statute necessary. The reception date for New Brunswick is 1660, for Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island 1758, and for Newfoundland and Labrador 1825. Quebec was settled as a French colony and originally operated under the French civil law system by using the \\\"Coûtume de Paris\\\". Upon the transfer of the colony to British control, the British government issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which imposed English common law on the colony under the principle set out in Blackstone relating to captured colonies. However, in 1774, the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act, which restored the French civil law for matters\",\n \"Manitoba headquarters, before moving it to Winnipeg in 1875. From 1875 to 1879, the Canadian government used Fort Dufferin as an immigration station for steamboats entering the country along the Red River and as a quarantine station for livestock. With the completion of the international rail line on the east side of the river at Emerson in 1878, steamboat traffic on the river ceased and the immigration station at Fort Dufferin was no longer needed. In 1879, the fort was abandoned and the Canadian government sold the property. Fort Dufferin was designated a National Historic Site in 1937 and is\",\n \"not considered an option by federal-level parties other than the Bloc Québécois and essentially all the population of the English-speaking provinces. Constitutional debate in Canada The Constitutional debate of Canada is an ongoing debate covering various political issues regarding the fundamental law of the country. The debate can be traced back to the Royal Proclamation, issued on October 7, 1763, following the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1763) wherein France ceded most of New France to Great Britain in favour of keeping Guadeloupe. Since the enactment of the Constitution Act, 1867, which brought the Province of Canada, New Brunswick,\",\n \"of other tribal languages like Ho, Kuruk and Munda in the Eighth Schedule. President of Jharkhand Disom Party (JDP) women cell Sumitra Murmu stated that the long battle which Salkhan initiated 20 years ago for the inclusion of the language in the Eighth Schedule had been won. Jharkhand Mukti Morcha chief Shibu Soren described inclusion of Santhali language as \\\"not surprising\\\", saying, \\\"It was a political decision and had to happen some day.\\\" Ninety-second Amendment of the Constitution of India The Ninety-second Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Ninety-second Amendment) Act, 2003, amended the Eighth\",\n \"Legal dispute over Quebec's language policy Court of Canada declared Chapter III of the Charter of the French Language unconstitutional, citing it contrary to section 133 of the British North America Act of 1867. The highest court in Canada judged that the enacting and passing of laws had to be done in both French and English in the parliaments of Quebec and Canada. Sections 7 to 13 of the Charter of the French Language had made French the only language of legislation and only provided for a translation of laws in English at the end of the legislative process. The Quebec government responded by re-enacting the\",\n \"process with aboriginal peoples. The basis for aboriginal title was later expanded on in \\\"Guerin v. The Queen\\\", [1984] 2 S.C.R. 335, \\\"Delgamuukw v. British Columbia\\\" [1997] 3 S.C.R. 1010. DC, and most recently in \\\"Tsilhqot'in Nation v British Columbia\\\", [2014] 2 SCR 257, 2014 SCC 44 (CanLII). The case for the Nisga'a was argued by Thomas Berger, subsequently Mr. Justice Thomas Berger, in his first major advocacy role in Canadian Aboriginal law. Calder v British Columbia (AG) Calder v British Columbia (AG) [1973] S.C.R. 313, [1973] 4 W.W.R. 1 was a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada. It\",\n \"least 10 years judicial service, elect to give up their regular judicial duties and hold office as a supernumerary judge. Supernumerary<Br> The sons of two former Court of Appeal justices (Samuel Freedman and Alfred Monnin) currently serve as judges on the court (Martin Freedman, Michel Monnin and Marc Monnin). The first female appointed to the Court was Bonnie M. Helper, on June 30, 1989. Manitoba Court of Appeal The Manitoba Court of Appeal () is the highest court of appeal in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was established in 1906. It is located in the Old Law Courts building\",\n \"Amendments to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court force for 30 states parties and (2) on a date after 1 January 2017, the Assembly of States Parties has voted in favour of allowing the Court to exercise jurisdiction. In November 2015, an additional amendment to remove article 124 from the Statute was adopted during the 14th meeting of the Assembly of States Parties in The Hague in the Netherlands. In December 2017, three amendments to article 8 were adopted at the 12th meeting of the Assembly of States Parties in New York City. An amendment to article 8 was adopted on 10 June 2010 at the Review Conference\",\n \"Bill of Rights 1689 member of parliament) against \\\"The Guardian\\\" was stopped after Justice May ruled that the Bill of Rights' prohibition on the courts' ability to question parliamentary proceedings would prevent \\\"The Guardian\\\" from obtaining a fair hearing. Section 13 of the Defamation Act 1996, was subsequently enacted to permit MPs to waive their parliamentary privilege and thus cite their own speeches if relevant to litigation. Following the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum in 2016, the Bill of Rights was quoted in a court ruling on a legal challenge seeking a judicial declaration that triggering EU exit must first be authorised by\",\n \"Convention against Discrimination in Education Convention against Discrimination in Education is a multilateral treaty adopted by UNESCO on 14 December 1960 in Paris and came into effect on 22 May 1962, which aims to combat discrimination cultural or religious assimilation or racial segregation in the field of education. The Convention also ensures the free choice of religious education and private school, right to use or teach their own languages for national minorities. and prohibits any reservation. The Convention enters into force for each State 12 months after the deposit of instrument of ratification. As at December 2018, 104 states were\",\n \"Federal Court of Appeal (Canada) other judges earn $288,100 annually. In April 2014, the court ruled in favour of the Métis people in a case involving extending protections to Aboriginal peoples in Canada who lived off-reserve. In September 2015, the court dismissed an appeal by the Government of Canada over a ruling by the Federal Court that found a rule banning the Niqāb at citizenship ceremonies to be unconstitutional. In August 2018, the court rejected the expansion of the Trans Mountain Pipeline on the basis that the National Energy Board's (NEB) process and findings were \\\"so flawed that the Governor in Council could not reasonably\",\n \"Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Act 2017 floor of the House of Representatives. The second reading debate continued on 5 and 6 December 2017. The amendment moved by Abbott was rejected and the bill passed the second reading stage without a division being called for on 7 December 2017. The bill moved to the consideration in detail stage immediately after the second reading was held. All amendments, most of which were moved by government MPs which sought to expand religious and conscientious exemptions to same-sex marriages, were rejected by the House. The bill then passed the consideration in detail stage. The bill then immediately passed the third\",\n \"Canadian Human Rights Commission free speech controversy in \\\"Saskatchewan (Human Rights Commission) v. Whatcott\\\" 2013 SCC 11: \\\"Hate speech lays the groundwork for later, broad attacks on vulnerable groups that can range from discrimination, to ostracism, segregation, deportation, violence and, in the most extreme cases, to genocide.\\\" The \\\"Canadian Human Rights Act\\\" was enacted in 1977. Parliament twice expanded the scope of s. 13(1). In 1998, a penalty was added for breaches of s. 13(1). In 2001, s. 13(1) was expanded to apply to telecommunications over the internet, These expansions of the section raised questions as to whether s. 13(1), which had been found by the Supreme\",\n \"Linguistic discrimination most consistent targets, due to the fact that the speech varieties that come to be associated with such groups have a tendency to be stigmatized. The Charter of the French Language, first established in 1977 and amended several times since, has been accused of being discriminatory by English speakers. The law makes French the official language of Quebec and mandates its use (with exceptions) in government offices and communiques, schools, and in commercial public relations. Though the proportion of English speakers had been in decline since the 1960s, the law accelerated this, and the 2006 census showed there had been\",\n \"overstated: Trudeau once said that he regretted the use of the term \\\"bilingualism\\\", because it appeared to demand that all Canadians speak two languages. In fact, Trudeau's vision was to see Canada as a bilingual confederation in which \\\"all\\\" cultures would have a place. In this way, his conception broadened beyond simply the relationship of Quebec to Canada. On October 8, 1971, Pierre Trudeau introduced the Multiculturalism Policy in the House of Commons. It was the first of its kind in the world, and was then emulated in several provinces, such as Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and other countries most notably\",\n \"version of the \\\" was published in July 2013, following a public consultation and an extraordinary general meeting when a number of amendments to the manifesto were adopted. In August 2013, the group wrote to the First Minister Carwyn Jones, giving him six months to state his intention to deliver six policy changes for the benefit of the language: Carwyn Jones had made no such statement of intent by 1 February 2014, and the group started a direct action campaign and held a series of protests across the country. Welsh Language Society The Welsh Language Society (, often abbreviated to\",\n \"Freedom of movement such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966). Article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, reads, Article 12 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights incorporates this right into treaty law: The ICCPR entered into force for the initial ratifying states on 23 March 1976, and for additional states following their ratification. In 1999, the U.N. Human Rights Committee, which is charged with interpreting the treaty, issued its guidelines for Article 12 of the ICCPR in its \\\"General Comment\",\n \"Lau v. Nichols the same treatment for all students, even though some students were disadvantaged due to their limited fluency in English, the school district was not required to make up for the different starting points of students. The students appealed the Court of Appeal's decision to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court issued its decision on January 21, 1974, with the Court unanimously ruling in favor of Lau. Instead of examining the equal protection clause from the 14th Amendment, the Court relied on Section 601 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Since the school system received federal funding, it was required\",\n \"1 Dental Unit, 1 Military Police Regiment, and an Integrated Personnel Support Centre. The base currently houses 1,700 soldiers. After the control of Rupert's Land was passed from Great Britain to the Government of Canada in 1869, Manitoba attained full-fledged rights and responsibilities of self-government as the first Canadian province carved out of the Northwest Territories. The Legislative Assembly of Manitoba was established on 14 July 1870. Political parties first emerged between 1878 and 1883, with a two-party system (Liberals and Conservatives). The United Farmers of Manitoba appeared in 1922, and later merged with the Liberals in 1932. Other parties,\",\n \"Charter of the French Language Québécois MNA Gérald Godin himself ordered the sandwich by its name. Dunn's also fought a ruling to change the name of \\\"Smoked Meat\\\" to \\\"Boeuf Mariné\\\" in order to conform to Quebec Language Law. They won the ruling by appeal by proving that if they didn't advertise \\\"Smoked Meat\\\" they would confuse and anger customers. Due to the work of Myer Dunn, under the new ruling, enacted in 1987, Smoked meat became a word in both Official languages of Canada. In 2002, there were reported cases of harassment of allophone merchants who refused to speak French. The 2004 annual report\",\n \"Léo Piquette language rights. In February 1988, the Supreme Court of Canada released its decision in \\\"R. v. Mercure\\\", [1988] 1 S.C.R. 234. The Court ruled that s. 110 continued in force in both Saskatchewan and Alberta but also held that the legislatures of those provinces could unilaterally modify these language rights. The Alberta Legislature responded by allowing members to speak in French, but only if they provided the Speaker with a written translation of their comments, in advance. After his electoral defeat in 1989, Léo Piquette stayed active in the francophone community and provincial politics. In 1994, he helped pioneer francophone\",\n \"Amendments to the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and that the bilingual assistance provision was a costly unfunded mandate. Opponents proposed several amendments to weaken the legislation, including limiting the extension to 5 years, requiring the federal government to pay for the bilingual voting materials, and completely removing the bilingual provisions. These amendments failed, and Congress passed the legislation with mostly Democratic support; the House passed it by a 237-125 vote, and the Senate passed it by a 75-20 vote. President George H. W. Bush signed the legislation on August 26, 1992. Congress reconsidered the Act in 2006 as the special provisions were due to expire in 2007.\",\n \"Métis in Canada Court in \\\"Alberta v. Cunningham\\\" (2011). The number of people self-identifying as Métis has risen sharply since the late 20th century: between 1996 and 2006, the population of Canadians who self-identify as Métis nearly doubled, to approximately 390,000. Until \\\"R v. Powley\\\" (2003), there was no legal definition of Métis other than the legal requirements found in the Metis Settlements Act of 1990. The Powley case involved a claim by Steven Powley and his son Rodney, two members of the Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario Métis community who were asserting Métis hunting rights. The Supreme Court of Canada outlined three broad\",\n \"R v Mercure R v Mercure was a ruling by the Supreme Court of Canada in 1988, dealing with language rights in the province of Saskatchewan. The appellant demanded the right to a statutory provision in Saskatchewan governing a speeding ticket be expressed in French as well as the right to have a trial conducted in French. English and French are both considered official languages in Canada. Lower courts had denied him this right, so he sought appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada. However, the appellant died before the Supreme Court could hear his appeal. The Court exercised its\",\n \"insisting that they be called , \\\"despite the fact that \\\"steak\\\" is the far more common term among Francophones.\\\" The Conseil supérieur de la langue française (Superior Council of the French language) is an advisory council whose mission is \\\"to advise the minister responsible for the application of the Charter of the French language on any question relative to the French language in Quebec\\\". It works in close collaboration with equivalent bodies in France, Belgium and Switzerland. Language in Canada is defined federally by the Official Languages Act since 1969 and is part of the Constitution of Canada since 1982.\",\n \"20. Section 20 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 20 of the \\\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\\\" is one of the sections of the Constitution of Canada dealing with Canada's two official languages, English and French. Along with section 16, section 20 is one of the few sections under the title \\\"Official Languages of Canada\\\" that guarantees bilingualism outside Parliament, legislatures and courts. This also makes it more extensive than language rights in the \\\"Constitution Act, 1867\\\". Section 20's specific function is to establish a right to English and French services from the governments of Canada\",\n \"Meech Lake Accord approved as soon as possible. Quebec passed the Accord on June 23, 1987, triggering the three year time limit provided for by the Section 39(2) of the \\\"Constitution Act, 1982\\\"; this meant that June 22, 1990, would be the last possible day the Accord could pass. Saskatchewan ratified the Accord on September 23, 1987, and Alberta did likewise on December 7, 1987. After the conclusion of public hearings, New Brunswick premier Richard Hatfield was unable, despite significant pressure from Mulroney, to put the Accord to the floor of the provincial legislature. Hatfield's government lost every seat in the October 1987\",\n \"Parties may request the translation in French or English of the judgments by the courts or decisions rendered by any \\\"body discharging quasi-judicial functions\\\". The French text prevails over the English one, in case of any discrepancy, for any regulation to which section 133 of the Constitution Act of 1867 does not apply. The first version of the Charter of the French Language provided that laws be enacted only in French. In 1979, the related provisions (articles 7 through 13) were rendered inoperative by a ruling of the Supreme Court of Canada in \\\"Attorney General of Quebec v. Blaikie\\\"; however,\",\n \"Remedies in Singapore constitutional law one with far-reaching effects. Hence, to overcome the negative impact of such a lacuna, the Supreme Court of Canada has adopted the remedy of granting temporary validity to unconstitutional legislation for the minimum time necessary for the legislature to enact alternative laws. In the case of \\\"Reference re Manitoba Language Rights\\\" (1985), the Official Language Act, 1890 purported to allow Acts of the Legislature of Manitoba to be published and printed only in English. The Supreme Court held that the Official Language Act was unconstitutional 95 years after it was passed, as it was inconsistent with section 23 of the\",\n \"Section 30 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms [and territory] in respect of all matters within the authority of the legislature of each province [and territory]\\\". The content of section 30 dates back to the original draft of the Charter, which was published in October 1980. In the case \\\"Fédération Franco-ténoise v. Canada (C.A.)\\\" (2001), the Federal Court of Appeal discussed section 30 when it rejected the government of the Northwest Territories' claim that the territory now had legal power and independence similar to those of the provinces. (The purpose of this claim was to avoid the obligations of providing official language rights under the Charter, which the\",\n \"Transgender and cross-dressing history during the election campaign as female and lesbian, in December 2015 they formally came out as non-binary in the legislature during debate on the inclusion of transgender rights in the provincial human rights code. While the provincial \\\"Hansard\\\" normally reports members' speeches under the gender honorifics \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.\\\", Cortes-Vargas is recorded as \\\"Member Cortes-Vargas\\\". December 17 - Kael McKenzie was appointed to the Provincial Court of Manitoba, becoming Canada's first-ever transgender judge. In 2016, gender identity or expression was added to Quebec Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which is both a charter of rights and a human rights act.\",\n \"Legal dispute over Quebec's language policy of the Charter guarantees freedom of expression, which opens the door to challenges to laws which restrict an individual's ability to use a particular language, while section 23 introduced the notion of \\\"minority language education rights\\\". Alliance Quebec, an Anglophone rights lobby group was founded in May 1982. It is through this civil association that various anglophone lawyers challenged the constitutionality of Quebec's territorial language policy. In 1984, the Supreme Court invalidated Chapter VIII of the Quebec Charter of the French Language on the basis of its incompatibility with section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Section\",\n \"Section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms defined by the Supreme Court of Canada in the 1990 case \\\"Mahe v. Alberta\\\". The Court declared that section 23 guaranteed a \\\"sliding scale.\\\" In certain circumstances, the children whose parents could exercise the right might be so few that literally no minority language education may be provided by the government. With a greater number of children, some schools might be required to provide classrooms in which the children could receive minority language education. An even greater number would require the construction of new schools dedicated solely to minority language education. The Court also ruled that the right to \\\"facilities\\\"\",\n \"Official Languages Act (Canada) Canada to determine its constitutionality. They maintained, along with JT Thorson, the former president of the Exchequer Court of Canada, that the bill was outside the powers of the Parliament of Canada. The reference to the court was never made, but the legal question was resolved in 1974, when the Supreme Court ruled, in Jones v. Attorney General of New Brunswick, that the subject matter of the bill was within federal jurisdiction. In subsequent decades the response from provincial governments to the example set by the federal government has been mixed: Public support for bilingual services had dramatically increased between\",\n \"Section 16.1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 16.1 of the \\\"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\\\" is the newest section of the Charter. It was enacted by the Constitution Amendment, 1993 (New Brunswick) and guarantees equality between English-speaking and French-speaking New Brunswickers. Section 16.1 (pronounced \\\"sixteen point one\\\") is not to be confused with subsection 16(1) (\\\"sixteen one\\\"), which is part of section 16 and goes back to 1982. Section 16.1 is a separate section; the \\\"point one\\\" numbering simply indicates that at some time (i.e. in 1993) an amendment inserted this new section between two\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":600,"string":"600"}}},{"rowIdx":98,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who did penn withdraw from the usill in 1907"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association was not necessarily the best team in the United States. The members of the USILL in 1906 were Columbia University, Cornell University, Harvard University, Johns Hopkins University, Lehigh University, University of Pennsylvania, Stevens Institute of Technology and Swarthmore College. In 1907, Hobart College became a member, and Penn withdrew. As had been the rule for over two decades, 12 players per side constituted a team, and the USILL was split into Northern and Southern divisions, corresponding to the former IULL and ILA, respectively. Bold indicates victory or tie in head-to-head game, or that such game was not played. \"Italics\" indicates"],"string":"[\n \"United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association was not necessarily the best team in the United States. The members of the USILL in 1906 were Columbia University, Cornell University, Harvard University, Johns Hopkins University, Lehigh University, University of Pennsylvania, Stevens Institute of Technology and Swarthmore College. In 1907, Hobart College became a member, and Penn withdrew. As had been the rule for over two decades, 12 players per side constituted a team, and the USILL was split into Northern and Southern divisions, corresponding to the former IULL and ILA, respectively. Bold indicates victory or tie in head-to-head game, or that such game was not played. \\\"Italics\\\" indicates\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["Joseph B. Foraker with President Theodore Roosevelt over railroad regulation and political patronage. Their largest disagreement was over the Brownsville Affair, in which black soldiers were accused of terrorizing a Texas town, and Roosevelt dismissed the entire battalion. Foraker zealously opposed Roosevelt's actions as unfair, and fought for the soldiers' reinstatement. The two men's disagreement broke out into an angry confrontation at the 1907 Gridiron Dinner, after which Roosevelt worked to defeat Foraker's re-election bid. Foraker died in 1917; in 1972, the Army reversed the dismissals and cleared the soldiers. Joseph Benson Foraker was born on July 5, 1846, on a farm about","Puerto Rican Campaign After about an hour of fighting, Spanish artillery batteries had been silenced. American guns advanced some 2,150 yards and set up positions, but soldiers reported seeing Spanish reinforcements nearby and the guns were withdrawn back to the main line. Shortly before the launch of a flanking movement on the Spanish, all military actions in Puerto Rico were suspended on August 13, after U.S. President William McKinley and French Ambassador Jules Cambon, acting on behalf of the Spanish government, signed an armistice whereby Spain relinquished its sovereignty over the territories of Puerto Rico, Cuba, the Philippines and Guam. In 1890, Captain","Dawes Rolls The Dawes Rolls (or Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes, or Dawes Commission of Final Rolls) were created by the United States Dawes Commission. The Commission, authorized by United States Congress in 1893, forced the Five Civilized Tribes to agree to a land allotment plan and dissolution of the reservation system. In order to allot the communal lands, all the citizens of the five tribes (Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, and Seminole) had to be registered, including freedmen who had been emancipated after the American Civil War and their descendants. The rolls were needed","strip. Despite the strip's bleak view, McCay's work was so popular that William Randolph Hearst hired him in 1911 with a star's salary. Hearst editor Arthur Brisbane deemed McCay's work \"serious, not funny\", and had the cartoonist give up his comic strips (including \"Rarebit Fiend\" and \"Nemo\") to work full-time illustrating editorials. Scholars such as Claude Moliterni, Ulrich Merkl, Alfredo Castelli, and others have hunted down what they believe to have influenced McCay's work on \"Dream of the Rarebit Fiend\". Among the possible influences are Edward Lear's popular \"The Book of Nonsense\" (1870), Gelett Burgess' \"The Burgess Nonsense Book\" (1901),","Daniel Coit Gilman Daniel Coit Gilman (; July 6, 1831 – October 13, 1908) was an American educator and academic. Gilman was instrumental in founding the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale College, and subsequently served as the third president of the University of California, as the first president of Johns Hopkins University, and as founding president of the Carnegie Institution. He was also co-founder of the Russell Trust Association, which administers the business affairs of Yale's Skull and Bones society. Gilman served for twenty five years as president of Johns Hopkins; his inauguration in 1876 has been said to mark","1843 to its discontinuation in 1848. Like his siblings, Edward Beecher was an active abolitionist, and Illinois College was the de facto headquarters of Illinois' antislavery movement. As part of the school's activism, Beecher Hall was a stop on the Underground Railroad. As many Central Illinois residents were pro-slavery before the Civil War, the school and its students faced criticism and threats for its participation in the abolition movement. One student, Samuel Willard, was fined for his participation in freeing an escaped slave. Beecher Hall is now part of the National Park Service's Network to Freedom, an association of historic","in the course of the march, which brought Fry's Army into conflict with the authorities. Key support was gained from the Governor of Texas, which prevented mass arrest or a worse outcome, but rail transport ended in St. Louis and the remaining members of the group began a difficult march by foot. In these adverse conditions the movement melted away, splitting into rival factions in Indiana. Only a small handful of protestors eventually arriving in Washington, DC with Fry, where their protest efforts were ineffectual. The American economy went through a protracted depression during the decade of the 1890s, signaled","renounces Popeye for Bluto. \"Thimble Theatre\" was cartoonist E. C. Segar's third published strip when it first appeared in the \"New York Journal\" on December 19, 1919. The paper's owner William Randolph Hearst also owned King Features Syndicate, which syndicated the strip. \"Thimble Theatre\" was intended as a replacement for \"Midget Movies\" by Ed Wheelan (Wheelan having recently resigned from King Features). It did not attract a large audience at first, and at the end of its first decade appeared in only half a dozen newspapers. In its early years, the strip featured characters acting out various stories and scenarios","The creation of congressionally authorized irredeemable currency by the Second Bank of the United States opened the door to the possibility of taxation by inflation. Congress did not want state-chartered banks as competition in the inflation of currency. The charter for the Second Bank would expire in 1836, leaving the U.S. without a central bank for nearly eighty years. The last major form of legislation preceding the Federal Reserve Act came in 1908 with the Aldrich-Vreeland Act, which was the initial response the Panic of 1907, and established the National Monetary Commission, which recommended the Federal Reserve act of 1913.","Expulsion from the United States Congress Senate and 5 from the House of Representatives (of those, one member's expulsion, William K. Sebastian of Arkansas, was posthumously reversed). Censure has been a much more common form of disciplinary action in Congress over the years, as it requires a much lower threshold of votes to impose. The great majority of those expelled — 17 members — were removed from office for their support of the Confederacy in the immediate aftermath of secession. There have only been three other expulsions: There have been numerous other attempts to expel members of Congress. In many of those instances members under serious","Daniel Webster died of an illness. Millard Fillmore ascended to the presidency upon Taylor's death. Shortly after taking office, Fillmore dismissed Taylor's Cabinet appointees, named Webster as his secretary of state, and came out in favor of Clay's compromise. Fillmore chose the remaining members of his Cabinet in consultation with Webster, and Webster became the unofficial leader in the Cabinet. After Fillmore took office, Clay took a temporary leave from the Senate, but Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois took the lead in advocating for a compromise based largely on Clay's proposals. On behalf of the president, Webster drafted a special","the loose end of one chapter of a foreign-directed conspiracy whose aim and purpose was to undermine and destroy the government of the United States. The principal character of this conspiracy was Gerbert Eisler, alias Berger, alias Brown, alias Gerhart, alias Edwards, alias Liptzin, alias Eisman, a seasoned agent of the Communist International ... <br><br>Two other conspirators and comrades of Eisler, Leon Josephson and Samuel Liptzin, who were subpenaed to appear, did not appear; Josephson contended by telegram that two days was not sufficient notice for him to come from New York to Washington ... It is no wonder that","Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co. Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co., 312 U.S. 496 (1941), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court determined that it was appropriate for United States federal courts to abstain from hearing a case in order to allow state courts to decide substantial Constitutional issues that touch upon sensitive areas of state social policy. This form of abstention allows state courts to correct things like equal protection violations for themselves, thus avoiding the embarrassment of having state policy corrected by the federal courts. Under Pullman abstention, the federal court retains jurisdiction to hear the","Battle of Fort Sumter fort was nearly completed, but the fortress was thus far garrisoned by a single soldier, who functioned as a lighthouse keeper, and a small party of civilian construction workers. Under the cover of darkness on December 26, six days after South Carolina declared its secession, Anderson abandoned the indefensible Fort Moultrie, ordering its guns spiked and its gun carriages burned, and surreptitiously relocated his command by small boats to Sumter. South Carolina authorities considered Anderson's move to be a breach of faith. Governor Francis W. Pickens believed that President Buchanan had made implicit promises to him to keep Sumter unoccupied","Henry Billings Brown the Court in \"Brown v. Board of Education\" in 1954. When issued, \"Plessy\" attracted relatively little attention, but in the late 20th century, it came to be vilified. Justice Brown authored the Court's 1901 opinion in \"DeLima v. Bidwell\" and \"Downes v. Bidwell\", two of the Insular Cases, considering the status of territories acquired by the U.S. in the Spanish–American War of 1898. Brown expounded for the majority the powers accorded to the grand jury in \"Hale v. Henkel\", a 1906 case where the defendant—a tobacco company executive—refused to testify to the grand jury on several grounds in a case","Frank P. Sargent which gained him the nickname \"Safety Valve.\" Sargent was an active member of the National Civic Federation as well as a trusted associate of Samuel Gompers of the American Federation of Labor and John Mitchell of the United Mine Workers of America. Sargent was first tapped for government service during the Republican administration of William McKinley, when he declined appointment to head the nation's currency-issuing authority, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. At the next such opportunity Sargent answered in the affirmative, however, and in April 1902 he was appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt as Commissioner General of Immigration. In","anyway. After the British landing at Head of Elk (present-day Elkton), Maryland on August 25, 1777, the British Army maneuvered out of the Chesapeake basin and towards Valley Forge. Following the Battle of Brandywine (September 11, 1777) and the abortive Battle of the Clouds (September 16), on September 18 several hundred soldiers under General Wilhelm von Knyphausen raided the supply magazine at Valley Forge. Despite the best efforts of Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Hamilton and Captain Henry \"Light Horse Harry\" Lee, the two Continental army officers selected to evacuate the supplies from Valley Forge, Crown soldiers captured supplies, destroyed others, and","Lappawinsoe Lappawinsoe was a Lenape-Delaware chief. His name signifies \"gathering fruit\" or \"going away to gather food\". Chief Lappawinsoe sold the land of his tribe to Thomas Penn (1702-1775), and John Penn (\"the American\") (1700-1746), the sons of William Penn (1644-1718), the founder, with moderate Quaker philosophies of the Colony and Province of Pennsylvania in 1681 (later the American state - Commonwealth of Pennsylvania after 1776), through the controversial and disputed Walking Purchase treaty agreement of 1737. Three other Lenape-Delaware chiefs also signed the agreement: Tishecunk (sometimes referred to as Tishcohan, \"tash-suk-amen\" meaning \"he never blackens himself\"), Nutimus (\"striker of","retirement in 1965. Unlike Mattel, which maintained sole manufacturing and global distribution rights on its bestselling Barbie doll, American Character allowed the Regal Toy Company of Canada to manufacture and sell its own version of Tressy which had heavier eye and facial makeup. There was also a Palitoy Tressy sold in the United Kingdom, Senorita Lili a Mexican version of Tressy sold by Lili Ledy, and a Bella Tressy made and marketed by Societe Bella in France. \"Cricket\" was marketed by the American Character Doll Co. in 1964. as Tressy's cousin. In 1968 American Character filed for bankruptcy and Ideal","Glee (TV series) follows the club through wins at Sectionals (episode 8) and Regionals competitions (episode 14), before they win the Nationals competition (episode 21) in Chicago. The characters deal with gender identity, adoption, domestic abuse, teenage suicide, bullying, disabilities, texting while driving, college and other social issues. Glee club members added to the main cast were Mike Chang (Harry Shum Jr.) and transfer student Blaine Anderson (Darren Criss), while Jessalyn Gilsig as Terri Schuester was written out of the series and Mike O'Malley as Burt returned to recurring status. The McKinley High class of 2012 graduates at the end of the season.","Penal transportation Abel Magwitch, the escaped convict who Pip helps in the opening pages of the novel, and who later turns out to be Pip's secret benefactor—the source of his \"great expectations\". Magwitch, who had been apprehended shortly after the young Pip had helped him, was thereafter sentenced to transportation for life to New South Wales in Australia. While so exiled, he earned the fortune that he later would use to help Pip. Further, it was Magwitch's desire to see the \"gentleman\" that Pip had become that motivated him to illegally return to England, which ultimately led to his arrest and death.","FTC concluded in early 1927 that block booking was an unfair trade practice. On July 9, 1927, it ordered the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation to cease and desist block booking practices and reform its theater purchasing policies. The three respondents- Adolph Zukor, Jesse Lasky and the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation- were given 60 days to comply with the ruling. The Corporation largely ignored the cease and desist order and stalled reforms. After the 60-day deadline arrived, they were granted two extensions. On April 15, 1928, the Corporation, now the Paramount-Famous-Lasky Corporation, submitted a report of compliance to the FTC. The report disputed","Pablo was underestimating the independent role of the working class parties in the Fourth International. The leaders of the majority of the Trotskyist organisation in France, Marcel Bleibtreu and Pierre Lambert, refused to follow the line of the International. The International leadership had them replaced by a minority, leading to a permanent split in the French section. In the wake of the World Congress, the line of the International Leadership was generally accepted by groups around the world, including the U.S. SWP whose leader, James P. Cannon, corresponded with the French majority to support the tactic of entrism \"sui generis\".","Workman-Temple family months, the bank finally reopened with a loan from Elias J. \"Lucky\" Baldwin, a San Francisco capitalist who precipitated the Virginia City crisis by selling off huge amounts of stock and who was investing in Los Angeles area real estate. Baldwin's demands for the loan were virtually impossible to meet, but Temple and Workman accepted nonetheless. With confidence in the bank irrevocably shaken, depositors quietly drained the institution dry of the borrowed funds and Temple and Workman closed on 13 January 1876. The resulting inventory of the bank's affairs by the assignees revealed an unmitigated management disaster. Though Temple and","Franklin B. Gowen Friday, May 22, 1880, two Coal & Iron Co. checks, intended to transfer cash to the railroad, bounced. Gowen offered railroad promissory notes to make the checks good, but the bank turned him down. McCalmont Brothers ignored Gowen's plea by cable for a fresh loan of a half million dollars. That same day the Reading announced suspension of payments on debt. Reading Railroad stock dropped from 23 to 12½ in one hour of trading. An anonymous statement from the corporate offices predicted resumption of payments in thirty days, without bankruptcy. Ex-president Smith, however, predicted that the company had \"no future","Although they were known for their satire, their increasingly controversial material became the reason for their departure from \"The Smart Set\" and would set in motion the end of the magazine itself. Mencken and Nathan’s editorship at \"The Smart Set\" came to an end after they planned to run a satirical piece on President Warren G. Harding following his death. Harding died in August 1923. His funeral procession involved transporting the body across the country from San Francisco to Ohio. The mainstream media began to sentimentalize the procession, to the dismay of American intellectuals, who noticed a hypocritical change in","Philadelphia, Here I Come! responsible, respectable citizen\") with whom he has never connected. Gar works for his father in his shop and their relationship is no different from that of Boss and Employee. Private often makes fun of S.B. calling him \"Screwballs\" and parodying his nightly routine as a fashion show. Essentially, this play is a tragicomedy. It contains many comical scenes, especially the scene with Lizzy Sweeney, Gar's aunt, in which Gar decides to go to America. Despite the fact that Gar seems to have a relationship with his father no different from that of Boss and Employee, there are indications that there","Roscoe Arbuckle addicted to the pain killer morphine. Following his recovery, Arbuckle started his own film company, Comique, in partnership with Joseph Schenck. Although Comique produced some of the best short pictures of the silent era, in 1918 Arbuckle transferred his controlling interest in the company to Buster Keaton and accepted Paramount's $3 million offer to make up to 18 feature films over three years. Arbuckle disliked his screen nickname. \"Fatty\" had also been Arbuckle's nickname since school; \"It was inevitable\", he said. He weighed 185lb (13st 3lb, 84kg) when he was 12. Fans also called Roscoe \"The Prince of Whales\" and","Players' League AA after the 1891 season. The PL franchises in Brooklyn, New York, Chicago and Pittsburgh each merged with their National League counterparts after the 1890 season. Although the league was started by the players themselves, essentially as an elaborate job-action to improve their lot, the venture proved to be a setback for them in the longer term. The infamous reserve clause remained intact, and would remain thus for the next 85 years or so. The already-shaky AA had been further weakened by the presence of the PL. The Lou Bierbauer incident, in which the Pittsburgh Alleghenys signed Bierbauer over the","Pennsylvania State University Morrill Land-Grant Acts, Pennsylvania selected the school in 1863 to be the state's sole land-grant college. The school's name changed to the Pennsylvania State College in 1874; enrollment fell to 64 undergraduates the following year as the school tried to balance purely agricultural studies with a more classic education. George W. Atherton became president of the school in 1882, and broadened the curriculum. Shortly after he introduced engineering studies, Penn State became one of the ten largest engineering schools in the nation. Atherton also expanded the liberal arts and agriculture programs, for which the school began receiving regular appropriations from","tannery and a decent sized farm. John's brother Henry could not pay the fare and agreed to become an indentured servant for three years. After picking up passengers from the Yorkshire port city of Hull, the Kent sailed from London in late spring with 230 settlers and landed outside of Salem. While some of the Kent's passengers settled in Salem, most remained with the ship when it sailed up the Delaware River and established Burlington, West Jersey. Henry and John Grubb and the rest of the Stoke Climsland group remained in Salem. Penn himself remained in England for another five","be dismissed. But fear of publicity prevented him pursuing it. Perhaps that was why they all moved in March 1859 to Ampthill Square. Ellen had a habit of wearing scarlet geraniums and white heather in her hair. She was persuaded to give up acting by Dickens in August 1859, and received regular payments from his Coutts Bank account. On her death at the age of 75, she was buried in Southsea, close to where Dickens was born. The street was given notoriety by a practical joke, known as the Berners Street Hoax, perpetrated by the writer Theodore Hook in 1809.","Industrial Commission The Industrial Commission was a United States government body in existence from 1898 to 1902. It was appointed by President William McKinley to investigate railroad pricing policy, industrial concentration, and the impact of immigration on labor markets, and make recommendations to the President and Congress. McKinley and the Commissioners launched the trust-busting era. The Industrial Commission included McKinley's Ohio running mate, Commissioner Andrew L. Harris (a Governor of Ohio and Civil War General) who served as Chair of the Agriculture Subcommittee, and prominent Senators and Congressmen. After McKinley was assassinated in 1901, President Theodore Roosevelt heeded the advice","Eleanor Barlin (1925 - 2011); they had one son, Samuel “Sandy” Kahn. Kahn died suddenly in September 1973 from a heart attack while watching the Ali-Norton fight on closed circuit television. At the time of his death, he owed nearly $180 million to the Teamsters Pension Fund (nearly $1 billion in 2015 dollars), making the Irvin Kahn Organization & subsidiaries the fund's largest investment. Kahn's 19-year-old son Samuel, then a college Freshman, took over the companies and the settlement of the estate, divesting the Kahn family companies from their association with the Teamsters and refocusing on less risky real estate","Benjamin Franklin Fairless steel union organized along craft lines. Subsequently, the Steel Workers Organizing Committee (SWOC) was formed in Pittsburgh on June 7, 1936. AFL president William Green was outraged. He denounced what he saw as the takeover of the AA on June 5, and declared that the CIO steelworker organizing drive would fail. More importantly, however, Green interpreted the move as proof that the CIO was engaging in dual unionism. After charges were drawn up and a trial conducted, on September 10, 1936, the AFL suspended the 10 unions which belonged to the CIO—including the AA (which was now operating as part","William Penn Charter School School (1638), and Roxbury Latin (1645). Penn Charter is among the first schools in the United States to offer education to all religions (1689), financial aid (1701), matriculation to girls (1754), and education to all races (1770). The \"Charter\" in the school's name does not, as might be assumed, mean that it is a modern \"charter school\". Rather, it is a reference to the historic document that was signed by William Penn to establish the first Quaker school in America. Originally located on the east side of Fourth Street below Chestnut, the school officially consolidated in 1874 as an all-boys","United States v. Lee (1882) legal fiction that the suits were against government officers in their capacity as individuals and not acting on behalf of the state. The Court in \"Lee\" reaffirmed this \"nominal party rule\" but only with five votes—which proved to be the last time it was invoked. In \"Louisiana ex rel. Elliot v. Jumel\", 107 U.S. 711 (1882), a majority of the Court upheld the \"nominal party rule\" but refused to invoke it on an technicality. In \"New Hampshire v. Louisiana\", 108 U.S. 76 (1883), the Court abandoned the \"nominal party rule\" in favor of a \"real party interest test.\" The Court","in the strike at Walt Disney Productions in 1941. Studio head Walt Disney fired Art Babbitt for being a member of the SCG, prompting more than 200 employees to go on strike. The strike resulted in half the studio's employees leaving for other studios, such as David Hilberman and John Hubley, who formed United Productions of America. Disney himself was left with a permanent distrust of pro-union employees, and blamed Babbitt among others for the strike. The SCG was succeeded by The Animation Guild, I.A.T.S.E. Local 839, which still exists today. Screen Cartoonist's Guild Screen Cartoonist's Guild (SCG) was an","Mason–Dixon line The Mason–Dixon line, also called the Mason and Dixon line or Mason's and Dixon's line, was surveyed between 1763 and 1767 by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon in the resolution of a border dispute involving Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware in Colonial America. It is still a demarcation line among four U.S. states, forming part of the borders of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia (originally part of Virginia before 1863). Later it became known as the border between the Northern United States and the Southern United States. Before the Missouri Compromise, the line (west of Delaware) marked the","Casey Stengel His six seasons there saw some success, including as a member of Brooklyn's 1916 National League championship team, but he also developed a reputation as a clown. After repeated clashes over pay with the Dodgers owner, Charlie Ebbets, Stengel was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1918, but that summer enlisted in the Navy for the remainder of World War I. He continued his pay disputes, resulting in trades to the Philadelphia Phillies in 1919, and to the New York Giants in 1921. There he learned much about baseball from the manager, John McGraw, and had some of the glorious","Edwin Booth Edwin Thomas Booth (November 13, 1833 – June 7, 1893) was an American actor who toured throughout the United States and the major capitals of Europe, performing Shakespearean plays. In 1869, he founded Booth's Theatre in New York. Some theatrical historians consider him the greatest American actor, and the greatest Prince Hamlet, of the 19th century. His achievements are often overshadowed by his relationship with his brother, actor John Wilkes Booth, who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln. Booth was born in Bel Air, Maryland, into the English American theatrical Booth family. He was the illegitimate son of the famous","the Quakers who opposed any war. As a result, in July, the Assembly sent a split delegation to the Continental Congress: Galloway, Humphreys, and Rhoads were all moderates, while Biddle, Mifflin, Morton, and Ross were radicals. That first Continental Congress produced a statement or Declaration of Rights, as well as a plan of union and pleas to King George to resolve the issues that separated the colonies from Great Britain. They also produced a renewal of the non-importation agreement that had been used during the Stamp Act protests. Edward Biddle was a member of the committee that drafted to Declaration","Charles G. Dawes deference to American public opinion, he refused to wear the customary Court dress, which then included knee breeches. This episode was said to upset the King, who had been prevented by illness from attending the event. As the Great Depression continued to ravage the United States, Dawes accepted President Herbert Hoover's appeal to leave diplomatic office and head the newly created Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC). But after a few months, Dawes resigned from the RFC. As a board member of the failing City National Bank and Trust Company of Chicago, he felt obligated to work for its rescue. Political opponents","was later appointed head of the journalism department at Columbia University. In 1931 \"Ledger\" reporter Hubert Renfro Knickerbocker received a Pulitzer Prize for correspondents for a series of articles on the Five Year Plan in the Soviet Union. Public Ledger (Philadelphia) The Public Ledger was a daily newspaper in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania published from March 25, 1836 to January 1942. Its motto was \"Virtue Liberty and Independence\". For a time, it was Philadelphia's most popular newspaper, but circulation declined in the mid-1930s. It also operated a syndicate, the Ledger Syndicate, from 1915 until 1946. Founded by William Moseley Swain, Arunah S.","Warren G. Harding went to bed early on the evening of July 27, 1923, a few hours after giving his final speech at the University of Washington. Later that night, he called for his physician, Charles E. Sawyer, complaining of pain in the upper abdomen. Sawyer thought it was a recurrence of a dietary upset, but Dr. Joel T. Boone suspected a heart problem. The next day, as the train rushed to San Francisco, Harding felt better, and when they arrived on the morning of July 29, 1923, he insisted on walking from the train to the car, which rushed him to the","“rather effeminate figure in colonial garb,” while Taft in his \"History of American Sculpture\" is less kind, calling the statue “insignificant”. Peter Muhlenberg (Nevin) Peter Muhlenberg, or John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg, is an 1889 marble sculpture depicting the American clergyman, soldier, and politician of the same name by Blanche Nevin, installed in the United States Capitol's crypt, in Washington, D.C., as part of the National Statuary Hall Collection. It is one of two statues donated by the state of Pennsylvania. The statue was accepted into the collection on February 28, 1889 by Pennsylvania Congressman Daniel Ermentrout. Nevin produced the statue","George Wythe inoculated against smallpox, as were fellow delegate Francis Lightfoot Lee and his lady and others. By October, Thomas Jefferson had rejoined the Congress to work with his former teacher and the other delegates, although personal tragedy forced him to leave for five months in the winter and spring. Wythe accepted many assignments relating to military, currency and other matters. He, John Dickinson and John Jay also went to New Jersey that winter and convinced that colony's assembly to maintain a united front. When petitions and other attempts failed to resolve the crisis by the following summer, all while Dunmore's raiders","Lewis Blaine Hershey Selective Service Act or Regulations be treated as delinquent. Notably, he said that such violations included \"illegal activity which interferes with recruiting,\" which was assumed to mean demonstrating against military recruiters. Unlike the Memorandum, the letter was unofficial. This order outraged students, many of whom were not subject to being drafted due to education deferments, and campus demonstrations against the war (and Hershey's order) increased. Various Supreme Court cases voided the Memorandum, and after one of them Hershey withdrew it with Memorandum No. 101, on January 21, 1970. The most explicit overruling of the Memorandum and Letter came in a","Pennsylvania Railroad class E6 greeted by President Calvin Coolidge at Washington, DC and awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. There was intense competition between several newsreel companies to be the first to get footage of the ceremony back to New York to show in the Broadway theaters. Several companies chartered aircraft, but the International News Reel Corporation instead chartered a special train from the Pennsylvania Railroad, repeating what it had done for President Coolidge's inauguration. A plane could get from Washington to New York faster than a train, but the train could carry a darkroom to develop the film \"en route\", making the train competitive.","Penn State in 1897. He then used it in 1903 at Carlisle against Harvard and garnered national attention. The hidden ball trick was famously parodied in the 1930s by the Marx Brothers in the film \"Horse Feathers\" and by the Three Stooges in the comedy short \"Three Little Pigskins\". Hidden ball tricks can be used in rugby and lacrosse. Hidden ball trick A hidden ball trick is a play in which a player deceives the opposing team about the location of the ball. In the game of baseball, the defense deceives the runner about the location of the ball, in","1917 Rose Bowl Oregon's sole Rose Bowl victory for 95 years, until January 2012; they made appearances in 1920, 1958, 1995, and 2010, and won again in 2015. This was Penn's only appearance; other Ivy League teams at the Rose Bowl were Harvard in 1920 and Columbia in 1934, both winners. Oregon and Washington were both unbeaten in the new Pacific Coast Conference that year, and tied in their head-to-head meeting. Oregon was invited to participate in the Tournament of Roses game prior to their despite the fact that Washington had one more conference win than Oregon, having beaten California twice. On the","1896 Lafayette football team the Penn Quakers on October 24 at Franklin Field. Penn, coached by George Washington Woodruff, was in the midst of a 34-game winning streak and was only guaranteeing Lafayette $150 for a game that would net $10,000. As an intense media war surrounded the game, Lafayette enrolled Fielding H. Yost, a tackle from West Virginia, who Lafayette had defeated in the final game of their series on October 17. With Yost, Charles Rinehart, and the inventor of the football helmet George Barclay on the field, Lafayette won 6–4. It was the first victory of a \"small school\" over one of","Charles Foster Kane this, Kane tried to force her into a career as an opera singer, even building an opera house specifically for her, but he was unsuccessful. Susan is the last of Kane's friends to leave him as well as the original owner of the snow globe he drops after saying \"rosebud\". As of 1941, she is still living and running a nightclub (\"El Rancho\") in Atlantic City, which is where she is interviewed by Jerry Thompson. Jedediah Leland (Joseph Cotten) was a close friend of Kane and is generally acknowledged to represent the morality and idealism Kane himself loses as the","Europeans and banned the immigration of Asians. Russell suffered apparently minor injuries on the return trip, which, however, led to complications, and she died after ten days of illness at her home in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Thousands of people lined the route of her military funeral, attended by many actors and politicians; President Harding sent a wreath that was set atop her casket. She is interred in her family's private mausoleum in the Allegheny Cemetery in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Lillian Russell's friend Diamond Jim Brady was a significant owner of Thoroughbred racehorses and may have influenced her decision to become involved in","1886, American Horse replaced Sitting Bull as the Indian headliner for the 1886-87 seasons. A journalist asked American Horse what he thought of the East and he replied, \"I see so much that is wonderful and strange that I feel a wish to go out in the forest and cover my head with a blanket, so that I can see no more and have a chance to think over what I have seen.\" On March 31, 1887, Chief American Horse, Chief Blue Horse and Chief Red Shirt and their families boarded the \"S.S. State of Nebraska\" in New York City,","USS Philadelphia (C-4) In March 1899, with Commander-in-Chief Rear Admiral Albert Kautz embarked, \"Philadelphia\" steamed to the Samoan Islands for duty in connection with the settlement of civil difficulties by the Samoan Commissioners of the United States, Great Britain, and Germany. A landing party from \"Philadelphia\" went ashore in the vicinity of Vailele 1 April to act in concert with a British landing party. The combined force, ambushed by adherents of Chief Mataafa, sustained seven killed and seven wounded, including two American officers, Lieutenant Philip Lansdale and Ensign John R. Monaghan, and two sailors killed, including Seaman Norman Edsall, and five bluejackets wounded.","Cornet (rank) famous cornets in that conflict were George Joyce, Robert Stetson, and Ninian Beall. It was abolished along with the purchase of commissions in the Army Reform Act of 1871, replaced by second lieutenant. The ranks of ensign and cornet were abolished in the US Army in 1815. The rank also existed in other nation's cavalry troops, such as those of Sweden (\"kornett\") and Imperial Russia (корнет), and by the Continental Army in the American War of Independence. General Alexander Macomb was initially commissioned a cornet in a career in which he eventually became Commanding General of the United States Army.","Henry Flagler the booming oil refining business. \"When John D. Rockefeller was asked if the Standard Oil company was the result of his thinking, he answered, 'No, sir. I wish I had the brains to think of it. It was Henry M. Flagler.'\" Flagler served as an active part of Standard Oil until 1882. John Dustin Archbold, known for being more aggressive, was hired by the Rockefellers. Flagler stepped back to take a secondary role at Standard Oil, but served as a vice president through 1908 and was part of ownership until 1911. On the advice of his physician, Flagler traveled to","Spanish–American War a Congressman. Yellow fever had quickly spread amongst the American occupation force, crippling it. A group of concerned officers of the American army chose Theodore Roosevelt to draft a request to Washington that it withdraw the Army, a request that paralleled a similar one from General Shafter, who described his force as an \"army of convalescents\". By the time of his letter, 75% of the force in Cuba was unfit for service. On August 7, the American invasion force started to leave Cuba. The evacuation was not total. The U.S. Army kept the black Ninth U.S. Cavalry Regiment in Cuba","1906–17 Stanford rugby teams football; 159 serious injuries were also reported, 88 at the college level. Reform was demanded by such voices as U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, who decried the brutality and foul play of the game, and called a meeting of school presidents to discuss the issue. As a result, before the next season began, new rules were put in place to discourage such play. The forward pass was also introduced to open up the game and reduce the role of dangerous mass formations. Despite the planned changes, a number of universities banned the sport for the coming year, including Columbia, NYU, and","Anti-Catholicism in the United States politics and additional laws were introduced that outlawed the Mass, the Church's Sacraments, and Catholic schools. In 1719, Rhode Island imposed civil restrictions on Catholics, such as denial of suffrage. Pennsylvania became a safe haven for Catholic refugees from Maryland. William Penn had been harassed as a Quaker, and he enacted a broad grant of religious toleration and civil rights to all who believed in God, regardless of their particular denomination. The threat of war between England and France brought about renewed suspicions against Catholics. However, the Quaker government in Pennsylvania refused to be coerced into violating its traditional policies.","never went into action either, and was withdrawn sometime later without incident. Murphy never faced charges for his bombing of Naco, Arizona, which became the first aerial bombardment of the contiguous United States by a foreign power in American history. According to local rumor, the rebel commander, General Escobar, kept a plane loaded with gold near the border so he could escape if the revolution collapsed. When it did, Escobar abandoned his troops and flew into Arizona, where he asked for and received asylum from the local authorities. The rebellion officially came to an end not long after the incident","Lacey Act of 1907 The Lacey Act of 1907, authored by Rep. John F. Lacey, an Iowa Republican, revised federal Indian Law to provide for the allotment of tribal funds to certain classes of Indians. These provisions were proposed after the passage of the Burke Act and the Dawes Act, both of which provided for the allotment of reservation lands to individual Indians, but not to communally owned trust funds. After much debate and several opposing arguments, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the bill into law on March 2, 1907. The Lacey Act is made of two sections, Sec. 1 and","Joseph Galloway civil government. He had a reputation as a highly efficient administrator, but one who repeatedly interfered in military affairs. He aggressively organised the Loyalists in the city, but was dismayed when the British army decided to abandon the city in 1778 following France's entry into the war. When the British army withdrew to New York, he went with them. In 1778, he fled to Britain with his daughter, never to return to the colonies, and became a leading spokesman of American Loyalists in London. In 1778 the General Assembly of Pennsylvania convicted him of high treason and confiscated his estates.","Abolitionism in the United States 1, 1808 — 20 years after the Constitution — although smuggling continued, primarily via Spanish Florida and the Gulf Coast. (See Wanderer and Clotilda.) No action was taken on the nation's internal slave trade, which expanded to replace the supply of African slaves. (See Slavery in the United States#Slave trade.) The principal organized bodies to advocate this reform were the Pennsylvania Abolition Society, led by Benjamin Franklin, and the New York Manumission Society. The latter was headed by powerful politicians: John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, later Federalists, and Aaron Burr, later the Democratic-Republican vice-president of the United States. In 1799 New","Stalwarts (politics) The Stalwarts were a faction of the Republican Party that existed briefly in the United States during and after Reconstruction and the Gilded Age during the 1870s and 1880s. Led by U.S. Senator Roscoe Conkling—also known as \"Lord Roscoe\"—Stalwarts were sometimes called \"Conklingites\". Other notable Stalwarts include Chester A. Arthur and Thomas C. Platt, who were in favor of Ulysses S. Grant, the eighteenth President of the United States (1869–1877), running for a third term. They were the \"traditional\" Republicans who opposed Rutherford B. Hayes's civil service reform. They were pitted against the \"Half-Breeds\" (moderates) for control of","adapted for other media for the last two centuries, in cartoons, films, stage plays, music, and other media. Rip Van Winkle \"Rip Van Winkle\" is a short story by the American author Washington Irving first published in 1819. It follows a Dutch-American villager in colonial America named Rip Van Winkle who falls asleep in the Catskill Mountains and wakes up 20 years later, having missed the American Revolution. Irving wrote it while living in Birmingham, England, as part of the collection \"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.\" The story is set in New York's Catskill Mountains, but Irving later","Anita Page proposals from Benito Mussolini in the mail. When her contract expired in 1933, she surprised Hollywood by announcing her retirement at the age of 23. She made one more movie, \"Hitch Hike to Heaven\", in 1936, and then left the screen, virtually disappearing from Hollywood circles for sixty years. In a 2004 interview with author Scott Feinberg, she claimed that her refusal to meet demands for sexual favors by MGM head of production Irving Thalberg, supported by studio chief Louis B. Mayer, is what truly ended her career. She said that Mayer colluded with the other studio bosses to ban","U.S. Steel recognition strike of 1901 Steel ended on September 14, 1901. The AA settled for terms far worse than those offered in August. Only plants which had started and ended the strike were covered, which meant that the union lost recognition at 15 plants. The company even won a pledge from the union not to organize any plant not already unionized, and to reject any offer of affiliation from a unionized plant. In March 1903, the American Sheet Steel Co. merged with U.S. Steel, ensuring its future as a nonunion company. In \"A History of American Labor\", Joseph G. Rayback has written, After the strike","split both the Democratic and Whig parties and gave rise to the Republican Party, which split the United States into two major political camps, the Republican North and the Democratic South. Senator Stephen A. Douglas and former Illinois Representative Abraham Lincoln aired their disagreement over the Kansas–Nebraska Act in seven public speeches during September and October 1854. Lincoln gave his most comprehensive argument against slavery and the provisions of the act in Peoria, Illinois, on October 16, the Peoria Speech. He and Douglas both spoke to the large audience, Douglas first and Lincoln in response, two hours later. Lincoln's three-hour","George Henry Thomas At the outbreak of the Civil War, 19 of the 36 officers in the 2nd U.S. Cavalry resigned, including three of Thomas's superiors—Albert Sidney Johnston, Robert E. Lee, and William J. Hardee. Many Southern-born officers were torn between loyalty to their states and loyalty to their country. Thomas struggled with the decision but opted to remain with the United States. His Northern-born wife probably helped influence his decision. In response, his family turned his picture against the wall, destroyed his letters, and never spoke to him again. (During the economic hard times in the South after the war, Thomas sent","The Nance closed down. Ephraim and the girls leave to perform out of state. It is revealed that Chauncey, as a repeat offender and banned from leaving New York, was offered leniency if he named the other party, (i.e., Ned), but refused to do so. The other company members sadly tell him goodbye. Chauncey stands alone on the stage of the Irving Place. As he softly sings a verse of his trademark song, a piece of the ceiling falls, narrowly missing him, and Chauncey remains center stage under a broken spotlight as the curtain falls. \"The New Yorker\" columnist, Hilton Als, called","Philadelphia Giants Philadelphia's remaining star players defected to other teams. The Giants' caliber of play dropped significantly as they rapidly became a minor team. Although a club continued on into the 1920s with the same name, that team cannot be equated with the original franchise.\" Lanctot says the team disbanded during the 1911 season, forced by player defections (citing the \"New York Age\" of August 3, evidently). The new Lincoln Giants of New York City had signed \"several players, including Louis Santop and Dick Redding\". Many clubs claimed the tradition: by 1914 there were North, South, East, and West versions of \"Philadelphia","was highly critical of Woodrow Wilson for not entering the war against Germany earlier. Once Roosevelt obtained permission from the U.S. Congress to form a volunteer Army to help in France, Major Burnham was enlisted by the Club to raise the troops in the Western states and to coordinate recruitment efforts. Wilson ultimately rejected Roosevelt's plan and the volunteer Army disbanded. During the war, the club also raised $500,000 in relief funds for Belgium war refugees, and after the war it played a prominent part in helping U.S. soldiers from Western States re-incorporate into American society. Rocky Mountain Club The","Wharton Barker telegraph, and telephone concessions (later withdrawn) from China. As early as 1869 he founded the \"Penn Monthly,\" a weekly devoted to political, economic, and social questions, which in 1880-1900 was published under the name \"The American\". In the field of politics, Mr. Barker became known as the proposer for the presidency of the names of Garfield and Harrison, and as one of the chief opponents of a third term for Grant. Having left the Republican Party in 1896 to join the Populists, he showed himself so zealous that he was made their candidate for the presidency in 1900 four years","Panic of 1907 the National Bureau of Economic Research as occurring between May 1907 and June 1908. The interrelated contraction, bank panic and falling stock market resulted in significant economic disruption. Industrial production dropped further than after any previous bank run, and 1907 saw the second-highest volume of bankruptcies to that date. Production fell by 11%, imports by 26%, while unemployment rose to 8% from under 3%. Immigration dropped to 750,000 people in 1909, from 1.2 million two years earlier. Since the end of the Civil War, the United States had experienced panics of varying severity. Economists Charles Calomiris and Gary Gorton rate","members of the Federal Reserve Board including Paul Warburg and William Proctor Gould Harding, charging that they were involved \"...in a conspiracy to violate the Constitution and laws of the United States...\" Charles August Lindbergh died in 1924 in Crookston, Minnesota of brain cancer. He has a memorial plaque in the columbarium at Lakewood Cemetery in Minneapolis. According to his wishes, son Charles scattered his ashes over the place near Sauk River where the first Lindbergh home once stood. Charles August Lindbergh Charles August Lindbergh (born Carl Månsson; January 20, 1859 – May 24, 1924) was a United States Congressman","leaving the theater, he was shot to death by federal agents. Myrna Loy was among those who expressed distaste at the studio's willingness to exploit this event for the financial benefit of the film. Scenes from \"Manhattan Melodrama\", in addition to Dillinger's death, are depicted in the 2009 film \"Public Enemies\". On June 15, 1904, the steamboat \"General Slocum\" catches fire and sinks in New York's East River. Two boys, Blackie Gallagher (Mickey Rooney) and Jim Wade (Jimmy Butler), are rescued by a priest, Father Joe (Leo Carrillo), but are orphaned by the disaster. They are taken in by another","Pennsylvania State University NCAA and are collectively known as the Penn State Nittany Lions. They compete in the Big Ten Conference for most sports. The school was founded as a degree-granting institution on February 22, 1855, by act P.L. 46, No. 50 of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as the Farmers' High School of Pennsylvania. Centre County, Pennsylvania, became the home of the new school when James Irvin of Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, donated of landthe first of the school would eventually acquire. In 1862, the school's name was changed to the Agricultural College of Pennsylvania, and with the passage of the","able to express her thoughts, comments and concerns to others. In 1775, Phillis Wheatley sent a copy of a poem entitled, \"To His Excellency, George Washington\" to him. In 1776, Washington invited Wheatley to visit him at his headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts, which she did in March 1776. Thomas Paine republished the poem in the \"Pennsylvania Gazette\" in April 1776. In 1773, sometime between July and October, Wheatley was emancipated by the Wheatley family shortly after her book, \"Poems on Subjects Religious and Moral\", was published in London. Susanna Wheatley died in the spring of 1774. John Wheatley's death followed","William Jennings Bryan William Howard Taft. Along with Henry Clay, Bryan is one of the two individuals since 1804 who received electoral votes in three separate presidential elections but never won a presidential election. The 493 cumulative electoral votes cast for Bryan in those three elections are the most received by a presidential candidate never elected. After the Democrats won the presidency in the 1912 election, Woodrow Wilson rewarded Bryan's support with the important cabinet position of Secretary of State. Bryan helped Wilson pass several progressive reforms through Congress, but he and Wilson clashed over U.S. neutrality in World War I. Bryan resigned","and the New Jersey-Pennsylvania state line.) Designed by the DL&W's engineering staff under the supervision of chief engineer Lincoln Bush and built by the Philadelphia contracting firm of Reiter, Curtis & Hill, the bridge was considered a pioneering work that opened the door to the building of even larger concrete viaducts by the Lackawanna, most notably the Tunkhannock Viaduct in Pennsylvania in 1915. Opened to regular rail traffic on Christmas Eve 1911, the Paulinskill Viaduct, supported by its seven graceful arches, carried DL&W trains until 1960, when the railroad merged with the Erie Railroad to form the Erie Lackawanna Railroad.","Charles Foster Kane scandal goes public and Kane loses the election decisively. Furthermore, his best friend, Jedediah Leland, becomes profoundly disillusioned at Kane's arrogance—his intentional humiliation of his family, and his treatment of the electorate as personal property—and insists on a transfer to Kane's Chicago paper. Emily divorces Kane in 1916, and dies two years later in a car crash with their son. Kane marries Susan and forces her into a doomed and humiliating career as an opera singer. Leland, now a drama critic for the \"Chicago Inquirer\", refuses to toe the company line by praising Alexander's performances. Leland becomes too drunk at","The Penn Club of Philadelphia Horace Howard Furness. James P. Sims arranged the scheme of decoration and designed the mantel upon which McMichael and Wharton Barker placed the statue of William Penn, modeled in plaster by Muller. Henry Armitt Brown hung the picture said to represent William Penn. The membership was limited to 200. The first president of the Club was Wharton Barker (1846–1921), who was a prominent abolitionist and president of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. He was also one of the original fifty members who founded the Union Club, which later became the Union League of Philadelphia. The intention of the Club is expressed","Booker T. Washington full participation in society by acting as responsible, reliable American citizens. Shortly after the Spanish–American War, President William McKinley and most of his cabinet visited Booker Washington. He led the school until his death in 1915. By then Tuskegee's endowment had grown to over $1.5 million, compared to its initial $2,000 annual appropriation. Washington was instrumental in lobbying the state legislature in 1891 to locate the newly authorized West Virginia State University in the Kanawha Valley of West Virginia near Charleston. He visited the campus often and spoke at its first commencement exercise. Washington was a dominant figure of the","William Penn its part, the Crown continued to confiscate Quaker property and jailed thousands of Quakers. From then on, Penn's religious views effectively exiled him from English society; he was sent down (expelled) from Christ Church College of Oxford University for being a Quaker, and was arrested several times. Among the most famous of these was the trial following his 1670 arrest with William Mead. Penn was accused of preaching before a gathering in the street, which Penn had deliberately provoked to test the validity of the 1664 Conventicle Act, just renewed in 1670, which denied the right of assembly to \"more","Andrew Carnegie Area Heritage Association, and houses the Flood Museum. The Homestead Strike was a bloody labor confrontation lasting 143 days in 1892, one of the most serious in U.S. history. The conflict was centered on Carnegie Steel's main plant in Homestead, Pennsylvania, and grew out of a labor dispute between the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (AA) and the Carnegie Steel Company. Carnegie left on a trip to Scotland before the unrest peaked. In doing so, Carnegie left mediation of the dispute in the hands of his associate and partner Henry Clay Frick. Frick was well known in industrial","University of Pennsylvania university archives director Mark Frazier Lloyd: the 1765 founding of the first medical school in America made Penn the first institution to offer both \"undergraduate\" and professional education; the 1779 charter made it the first American institution of higher learning to take the name of \"University\"; and existing colleges were established as seminaries (although, as detailed earlier, Penn adopted a traditional seminary curriculum as well). After being located in downtown Philadelphia for more than a century, the campus was moved across the Schuylkill River to property purchased from the Blockley Almshouse in West Philadelphia in 1872, where it has since","and literary scholar Alvin Johnson, historian Charles A. Beard, economists Thorstein Veblen and James Harvey Robinson, and philosophers Horace M. Kallen and John Dewey. Several founders were former professors at Columbia University. In October 1917, after Columbia University imposed a loyalty oath to the United States upon the entire faculty and student body, it fired several professors. Charles A. Beard, Professor of Political Science, resigned his professorship at Columbia in protest. His colleague James Harvey Robinson resigned in 1919 to join the faculty at the New School. The New School plan was to offer the rigorousness of postgraduate education without","Pennsylvania in the American Civil War of Antietam in fall of 1862, thirteen Union governors assembled in Altoona, Pennsylvania, at the Loyal War Governors' Conference. This meeting was assembled by Governor Andrew G. Curtin and its purpose was to discuss strategy, troop quotas and the Union. The governors affirmed their support towards, as well as expressed their concerns regarding the war effort and the emancipation proclamation. They then traveled to Washington, DC, to meet Abraham Lincoln and relay their conclusions to him. A few weeks later, Lincoln removed General George B. McClellan from commanding the Army of the Potomac (about whom the governors had voiced their","See on 6 January 1947. Konstantin Dumba Konstantin (Theodor) (from 1917, Graf von) Dumba (17 June 1856 – 6 January 1947), was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat serving as its last accredited Ambassador to the United States and famous for having been expelled during World War I following accusations of espionage. Born in Vienna on 17 June 1856 as the son of Nikolaus Dumba (1830-1900), a wealthy Greek-Austrian entrepreneur. The Dumbas, originally from the Vlach village Vlasti, in the Ottoman province of Rumelia, had emigrated and settled in Vienna in 1817. After completing his legal studies and obtaining a doctorate in law,","The Remarkable Mr. Pennypacker their education to Emily. Jane, Pa’s spinster sister then decides to move to Philadelphia to care for her motherless nieces and nephews. As Pa packs his suitcases to leave, the children beg him to stay, and with Emily's permission, he unpacks. Soon after, Kate and Wilbur are married and Emily is so moved by the wedding that she asks the Rev. Dr. Fielding to renew her and Pa's vows. As the minister conducts the ceremony, Emily tells Pa to repeat the phrase \"forsaking all others.\" Walter Reisch who worked on the script later recalled, \"On the stage it was funny,","1907 college football season The 1907 IAAUS football season saw the increased use of the forward pass, which had been legalized the year before. Football remained a dangerous game, despite the \"debrutalization\" reforms, and an unprecedented eleven players were killed (9 high school and 2 college), while 98 others were seriously injured. However, there were no serious injuries reported among the major colleges. The Yale Bulldogs, unbeaten with a record of 10-0-1, had the best record. The Helms Athletic Foundation, founded in 1936, declared retroactively that Yale had been the best college football team of 1907. Yale and Penn both","William Penn University \"For other educational establishments with a similar name please see William Penn School\" William Penn University is a private, liberal arts university in Oskaloosa, Iowa, United States. It was founded by members of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in 1873 as Penn College. In 1933, the name was changed to William Penn College, and finally to William Penn University in 2000. In 2007, Musco Lighting, also in Oskaloosa, donated $12 million to the school for various projects—the biggest single gift in the school's history. The money was to be used for of new structures including student","1912 United States presidential election in the Republican party. Now, with the Democrats holding about 45% of the national vote, any schism would be fatal. Roosevelt's only hope at the convention was to form a \"stop-Taft\" alliance with La Follette, but Roosevelt had alienated La Follette, and the alliance could not form. Unable to tolerate the personal humiliation he suffered at the hands of Taft and the Old Guard, and refusing to entertain the possibility of a compromise candidate, Roosevelt struck back hard. On the evening of June 22, 1912, Roosevelt asked his supporters to leave the convention. Roosevelt maintained that President Taft had allowed","Buffalo switchmen's strike in labor unity. Eugene V. Debs, national secretary of the Locomotive Firemen, resigned his position a month after the switchmen's strike in order to work full-time on the creation of a national union of railway workers. Debs was successful in forming the American Railway Union (ARU) in June 1893. But the ARU would prove to be short-lived. The union was crushed in the violent Pullman strike of 1894. The union's collapse pushed Debs toward Socialism. The Pullman strike also convinced many in the American labor movement that the government was a tool of corporate interests, and that they could no","of higher learning was known as the College of Philadelphia from 1755 to 1779. In 1779, not trusting then-provost the Reverend William Smith's \"Loyalist\" tendencies, the revolutionary State Legislature created a University of the State of Pennsylvania. The result was a schism, with Smith continuing to operate an attenuated version of the College of Philadelphia. In 1791, the Legislature issued a new charter, merging the two institutions into a new University of Pennsylvania with twelve men from each institution on the new Board of Trustees. Penn has three claims to being the first university in the United States, according to","United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association was not necessarily the best team in the United States. The members of the USILL in 1906 were Columbia University, Cornell University, Harvard University, Johns Hopkins University, Lehigh University, University of Pennsylvania, Stevens Institute of Technology and Swarthmore College. In 1907, Hobart College became a member, and Penn withdrew. As had been the rule for over two decades, 12 players per side constituted a team, and the USILL was split into Northern and Southern divisions, corresponding to the former IULL and ILA, respectively. Bold indicates victory or tie in head-to-head game, or that such game was not played. \"Italics\" indicates"],"string":"[\n \"Joseph B. Foraker with President Theodore Roosevelt over railroad regulation and political patronage. Their largest disagreement was over the Brownsville Affair, in which black soldiers were accused of terrorizing a Texas town, and Roosevelt dismissed the entire battalion. Foraker zealously opposed Roosevelt's actions as unfair, and fought for the soldiers' reinstatement. The two men's disagreement broke out into an angry confrontation at the 1907 Gridiron Dinner, after which Roosevelt worked to defeat Foraker's re-election bid. Foraker died in 1917; in 1972, the Army reversed the dismissals and cleared the soldiers. Joseph Benson Foraker was born on July 5, 1846, on a farm about\",\n \"Puerto Rican Campaign After about an hour of fighting, Spanish artillery batteries had been silenced. American guns advanced some 2,150 yards and set up positions, but soldiers reported seeing Spanish reinforcements nearby and the guns were withdrawn back to the main line. Shortly before the launch of a flanking movement on the Spanish, all military actions in Puerto Rico were suspended on August 13, after U.S. President William McKinley and French Ambassador Jules Cambon, acting on behalf of the Spanish government, signed an armistice whereby Spain relinquished its sovereignty over the territories of Puerto Rico, Cuba, the Philippines and Guam. In 1890, Captain\",\n \"Dawes Rolls The Dawes Rolls (or Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes, or Dawes Commission of Final Rolls) were created by the United States Dawes Commission. The Commission, authorized by United States Congress in 1893, forced the Five Civilized Tribes to agree to a land allotment plan and dissolution of the reservation system. In order to allot the communal lands, all the citizens of the five tribes (Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, and Seminole) had to be registered, including freedmen who had been emancipated after the American Civil War and their descendants. The rolls were needed\",\n \"strip. Despite the strip's bleak view, McCay's work was so popular that William Randolph Hearst hired him in 1911 with a star's salary. Hearst editor Arthur Brisbane deemed McCay's work \\\"serious, not funny\\\", and had the cartoonist give up his comic strips (including \\\"Rarebit Fiend\\\" and \\\"Nemo\\\") to work full-time illustrating editorials. Scholars such as Claude Moliterni, Ulrich Merkl, Alfredo Castelli, and others have hunted down what they believe to have influenced McCay's work on \\\"Dream of the Rarebit Fiend\\\". Among the possible influences are Edward Lear's popular \\\"The Book of Nonsense\\\" (1870), Gelett Burgess' \\\"The Burgess Nonsense Book\\\" (1901),\",\n \"Daniel Coit Gilman Daniel Coit Gilman (; July 6, 1831 – October 13, 1908) was an American educator and academic. Gilman was instrumental in founding the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale College, and subsequently served as the third president of the University of California, as the first president of Johns Hopkins University, and as founding president of the Carnegie Institution. He was also co-founder of the Russell Trust Association, which administers the business affairs of Yale's Skull and Bones society. Gilman served for twenty five years as president of Johns Hopkins; his inauguration in 1876 has been said to mark\",\n \"1843 to its discontinuation in 1848. Like his siblings, Edward Beecher was an active abolitionist, and Illinois College was the de facto headquarters of Illinois' antislavery movement. As part of the school's activism, Beecher Hall was a stop on the Underground Railroad. As many Central Illinois residents were pro-slavery before the Civil War, the school and its students faced criticism and threats for its participation in the abolition movement. One student, Samuel Willard, was fined for his participation in freeing an escaped slave. Beecher Hall is now part of the National Park Service's Network to Freedom, an association of historic\",\n \"in the course of the march, which brought Fry's Army into conflict with the authorities. Key support was gained from the Governor of Texas, which prevented mass arrest or a worse outcome, but rail transport ended in St. Louis and the remaining members of the group began a difficult march by foot. In these adverse conditions the movement melted away, splitting into rival factions in Indiana. Only a small handful of protestors eventually arriving in Washington, DC with Fry, where their protest efforts were ineffectual. The American economy went through a protracted depression during the decade of the 1890s, signaled\",\n \"renounces Popeye for Bluto. \\\"Thimble Theatre\\\" was cartoonist E. C. Segar's third published strip when it first appeared in the \\\"New York Journal\\\" on December 19, 1919. The paper's owner William Randolph Hearst also owned King Features Syndicate, which syndicated the strip. \\\"Thimble Theatre\\\" was intended as a replacement for \\\"Midget Movies\\\" by Ed Wheelan (Wheelan having recently resigned from King Features). It did not attract a large audience at first, and at the end of its first decade appeared in only half a dozen newspapers. In its early years, the strip featured characters acting out various stories and scenarios\",\n \"The creation of congressionally authorized irredeemable currency by the Second Bank of the United States opened the door to the possibility of taxation by inflation. Congress did not want state-chartered banks as competition in the inflation of currency. The charter for the Second Bank would expire in 1836, leaving the U.S. without a central bank for nearly eighty years. The last major form of legislation preceding the Federal Reserve Act came in 1908 with the Aldrich-Vreeland Act, which was the initial response the Panic of 1907, and established the National Monetary Commission, which recommended the Federal Reserve act of 1913.\",\n \"Expulsion from the United States Congress Senate and 5 from the House of Representatives (of those, one member's expulsion, William K. Sebastian of Arkansas, was posthumously reversed). Censure has been a much more common form of disciplinary action in Congress over the years, as it requires a much lower threshold of votes to impose. The great majority of those expelled — 17 members — were removed from office for their support of the Confederacy in the immediate aftermath of secession. There have only been three other expulsions: There have been numerous other attempts to expel members of Congress. In many of those instances members under serious\",\n \"Daniel Webster died of an illness. Millard Fillmore ascended to the presidency upon Taylor's death. Shortly after taking office, Fillmore dismissed Taylor's Cabinet appointees, named Webster as his secretary of state, and came out in favor of Clay's compromise. Fillmore chose the remaining members of his Cabinet in consultation with Webster, and Webster became the unofficial leader in the Cabinet. After Fillmore took office, Clay took a temporary leave from the Senate, but Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois took the lead in advocating for a compromise based largely on Clay's proposals. On behalf of the president, Webster drafted a special\",\n \"the loose end of one chapter of a foreign-directed conspiracy whose aim and purpose was to undermine and destroy the government of the United States. The principal character of this conspiracy was Gerbert Eisler, alias Berger, alias Brown, alias Gerhart, alias Edwards, alias Liptzin, alias Eisman, a seasoned agent of the Communist International ... <br><br>Two other conspirators and comrades of Eisler, Leon Josephson and Samuel Liptzin, who were subpenaed to appear, did not appear; Josephson contended by telegram that two days was not sufficient notice for him to come from New York to Washington ... It is no wonder that\",\n \"Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co. Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co., 312 U.S. 496 (1941), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court determined that it was appropriate for United States federal courts to abstain from hearing a case in order to allow state courts to decide substantial Constitutional issues that touch upon sensitive areas of state social policy. This form of abstention allows state courts to correct things like equal protection violations for themselves, thus avoiding the embarrassment of having state policy corrected by the federal courts. Under Pullman abstention, the federal court retains jurisdiction to hear the\",\n \"Battle of Fort Sumter fort was nearly completed, but the fortress was thus far garrisoned by a single soldier, who functioned as a lighthouse keeper, and a small party of civilian construction workers. Under the cover of darkness on December 26, six days after South Carolina declared its secession, Anderson abandoned the indefensible Fort Moultrie, ordering its guns spiked and its gun carriages burned, and surreptitiously relocated his command by small boats to Sumter. South Carolina authorities considered Anderson's move to be a breach of faith. Governor Francis W. Pickens believed that President Buchanan had made implicit promises to him to keep Sumter unoccupied\",\n \"Henry Billings Brown the Court in \\\"Brown v. Board of Education\\\" in 1954. When issued, \\\"Plessy\\\" attracted relatively little attention, but in the late 20th century, it came to be vilified. Justice Brown authored the Court's 1901 opinion in \\\"DeLima v. Bidwell\\\" and \\\"Downes v. Bidwell\\\", two of the Insular Cases, considering the status of territories acquired by the U.S. in the Spanish–American War of 1898. Brown expounded for the majority the powers accorded to the grand jury in \\\"Hale v. Henkel\\\", a 1906 case where the defendant—a tobacco company executive—refused to testify to the grand jury on several grounds in a case\",\n \"Frank P. Sargent which gained him the nickname \\\"Safety Valve.\\\" Sargent was an active member of the National Civic Federation as well as a trusted associate of Samuel Gompers of the American Federation of Labor and John Mitchell of the United Mine Workers of America. Sargent was first tapped for government service during the Republican administration of William McKinley, when he declined appointment to head the nation's currency-issuing authority, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. At the next such opportunity Sargent answered in the affirmative, however, and in April 1902 he was appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt as Commissioner General of Immigration. In\",\n \"anyway. After the British landing at Head of Elk (present-day Elkton), Maryland on August 25, 1777, the British Army maneuvered out of the Chesapeake basin and towards Valley Forge. Following the Battle of Brandywine (September 11, 1777) and the abortive Battle of the Clouds (September 16), on September 18 several hundred soldiers under General Wilhelm von Knyphausen raided the supply magazine at Valley Forge. Despite the best efforts of Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Hamilton and Captain Henry \\\"Light Horse Harry\\\" Lee, the two Continental army officers selected to evacuate the supplies from Valley Forge, Crown soldiers captured supplies, destroyed others, and\",\n \"Lappawinsoe Lappawinsoe was a Lenape-Delaware chief. His name signifies \\\"gathering fruit\\\" or \\\"going away to gather food\\\". Chief Lappawinsoe sold the land of his tribe to Thomas Penn (1702-1775), and John Penn (\\\"the American\\\") (1700-1746), the sons of William Penn (1644-1718), the founder, with moderate Quaker philosophies of the Colony and Province of Pennsylvania in 1681 (later the American state - Commonwealth of Pennsylvania after 1776), through the controversial and disputed Walking Purchase treaty agreement of 1737. Three other Lenape-Delaware chiefs also signed the agreement: Tishecunk (sometimes referred to as Tishcohan, \\\"tash-suk-amen\\\" meaning \\\"he never blackens himself\\\"), Nutimus (\\\"striker of\",\n \"retirement in 1965. Unlike Mattel, which maintained sole manufacturing and global distribution rights on its bestselling Barbie doll, American Character allowed the Regal Toy Company of Canada to manufacture and sell its own version of Tressy which had heavier eye and facial makeup. There was also a Palitoy Tressy sold in the United Kingdom, Senorita Lili a Mexican version of Tressy sold by Lili Ledy, and a Bella Tressy made and marketed by Societe Bella in France. \\\"Cricket\\\" was marketed by the American Character Doll Co. in 1964. as Tressy's cousin. In 1968 American Character filed for bankruptcy and Ideal\",\n \"Glee (TV series) follows the club through wins at Sectionals (episode 8) and Regionals competitions (episode 14), before they win the Nationals competition (episode 21) in Chicago. The characters deal with gender identity, adoption, domestic abuse, teenage suicide, bullying, disabilities, texting while driving, college and other social issues. Glee club members added to the main cast were Mike Chang (Harry Shum Jr.) and transfer student Blaine Anderson (Darren Criss), while Jessalyn Gilsig as Terri Schuester was written out of the series and Mike O'Malley as Burt returned to recurring status. The McKinley High class of 2012 graduates at the end of the season.\",\n \"Penal transportation Abel Magwitch, the escaped convict who Pip helps in the opening pages of the novel, and who later turns out to be Pip's secret benefactor—the source of his \\\"great expectations\\\". Magwitch, who had been apprehended shortly after the young Pip had helped him, was thereafter sentenced to transportation for life to New South Wales in Australia. While so exiled, he earned the fortune that he later would use to help Pip. Further, it was Magwitch's desire to see the \\\"gentleman\\\" that Pip had become that motivated him to illegally return to England, which ultimately led to his arrest and death.\",\n \"FTC concluded in early 1927 that block booking was an unfair trade practice. On July 9, 1927, it ordered the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation to cease and desist block booking practices and reform its theater purchasing policies. The three respondents- Adolph Zukor, Jesse Lasky and the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation- were given 60 days to comply with the ruling. The Corporation largely ignored the cease and desist order and stalled reforms. After the 60-day deadline arrived, they were granted two extensions. On April 15, 1928, the Corporation, now the Paramount-Famous-Lasky Corporation, submitted a report of compliance to the FTC. The report disputed\",\n \"Pablo was underestimating the independent role of the working class parties in the Fourth International. The leaders of the majority of the Trotskyist organisation in France, Marcel Bleibtreu and Pierre Lambert, refused to follow the line of the International. The International leadership had them replaced by a minority, leading to a permanent split in the French section. In the wake of the World Congress, the line of the International Leadership was generally accepted by groups around the world, including the U.S. SWP whose leader, James P. Cannon, corresponded with the French majority to support the tactic of entrism \\\"sui generis\\\".\",\n \"Workman-Temple family months, the bank finally reopened with a loan from Elias J. \\\"Lucky\\\" Baldwin, a San Francisco capitalist who precipitated the Virginia City crisis by selling off huge amounts of stock and who was investing in Los Angeles area real estate. Baldwin's demands for the loan were virtually impossible to meet, but Temple and Workman accepted nonetheless. With confidence in the bank irrevocably shaken, depositors quietly drained the institution dry of the borrowed funds and Temple and Workman closed on 13 January 1876. The resulting inventory of the bank's affairs by the assignees revealed an unmitigated management disaster. Though Temple and\",\n \"Franklin B. Gowen Friday, May 22, 1880, two Coal & Iron Co. checks, intended to transfer cash to the railroad, bounced. Gowen offered railroad promissory notes to make the checks good, but the bank turned him down. McCalmont Brothers ignored Gowen's plea by cable for a fresh loan of a half million dollars. That same day the Reading announced suspension of payments on debt. Reading Railroad stock dropped from 23 to 12½ in one hour of trading. An anonymous statement from the corporate offices predicted resumption of payments in thirty days, without bankruptcy. Ex-president Smith, however, predicted that the company had \\\"no future\",\n \"Although they were known for their satire, their increasingly controversial material became the reason for their departure from \\\"The Smart Set\\\" and would set in motion the end of the magazine itself. Mencken and Nathan’s editorship at \\\"The Smart Set\\\" came to an end after they planned to run a satirical piece on President Warren G. Harding following his death. Harding died in August 1923. His funeral procession involved transporting the body across the country from San Francisco to Ohio. The mainstream media began to sentimentalize the procession, to the dismay of American intellectuals, who noticed a hypocritical change in\",\n \"Philadelphia, Here I Come! responsible, respectable citizen\\\") with whom he has never connected. Gar works for his father in his shop and their relationship is no different from that of Boss and Employee. Private often makes fun of S.B. calling him \\\"Screwballs\\\" and parodying his nightly routine as a fashion show. Essentially, this play is a tragicomedy. It contains many comical scenes, especially the scene with Lizzy Sweeney, Gar's aunt, in which Gar decides to go to America. Despite the fact that Gar seems to have a relationship with his father no different from that of Boss and Employee, there are indications that there\",\n \"Roscoe Arbuckle addicted to the pain killer morphine. Following his recovery, Arbuckle started his own film company, Comique, in partnership with Joseph Schenck. Although Comique produced some of the best short pictures of the silent era, in 1918 Arbuckle transferred his controlling interest in the company to Buster Keaton and accepted Paramount's $3 million offer to make up to 18 feature films over three years. Arbuckle disliked his screen nickname. \\\"Fatty\\\" had also been Arbuckle's nickname since school; \\\"It was inevitable\\\", he said. He weighed 185lb (13st 3lb, 84kg) when he was 12. Fans also called Roscoe \\\"The Prince of Whales\\\" and\",\n \"Players' League AA after the 1891 season. The PL franchises in Brooklyn, New York, Chicago and Pittsburgh each merged with their National League counterparts after the 1890 season. Although the league was started by the players themselves, essentially as an elaborate job-action to improve their lot, the venture proved to be a setback for them in the longer term. The infamous reserve clause remained intact, and would remain thus for the next 85 years or so. The already-shaky AA had been further weakened by the presence of the PL. The Lou Bierbauer incident, in which the Pittsburgh Alleghenys signed Bierbauer over the\",\n \"Pennsylvania State University Morrill Land-Grant Acts, Pennsylvania selected the school in 1863 to be the state's sole land-grant college. The school's name changed to the Pennsylvania State College in 1874; enrollment fell to 64 undergraduates the following year as the school tried to balance purely agricultural studies with a more classic education. George W. Atherton became president of the school in 1882, and broadened the curriculum. Shortly after he introduced engineering studies, Penn State became one of the ten largest engineering schools in the nation. Atherton also expanded the liberal arts and agriculture programs, for which the school began receiving regular appropriations from\",\n \"tannery and a decent sized farm. John's brother Henry could not pay the fare and agreed to become an indentured servant for three years. After picking up passengers from the Yorkshire port city of Hull, the Kent sailed from London in late spring with 230 settlers and landed outside of Salem. While some of the Kent's passengers settled in Salem, most remained with the ship when it sailed up the Delaware River and established Burlington, West Jersey. Henry and John Grubb and the rest of the Stoke Climsland group remained in Salem. Penn himself remained in England for another five\",\n \"be dismissed. But fear of publicity prevented him pursuing it. Perhaps that was why they all moved in March 1859 to Ampthill Square. Ellen had a habit of wearing scarlet geraniums and white heather in her hair. She was persuaded to give up acting by Dickens in August 1859, and received regular payments from his Coutts Bank account. On her death at the age of 75, she was buried in Southsea, close to where Dickens was born. The street was given notoriety by a practical joke, known as the Berners Street Hoax, perpetrated by the writer Theodore Hook in 1809.\",\n \"Industrial Commission The Industrial Commission was a United States government body in existence from 1898 to 1902. It was appointed by President William McKinley to investigate railroad pricing policy, industrial concentration, and the impact of immigration on labor markets, and make recommendations to the President and Congress. McKinley and the Commissioners launched the trust-busting era. The Industrial Commission included McKinley's Ohio running mate, Commissioner Andrew L. Harris (a Governor of Ohio and Civil War General) who served as Chair of the Agriculture Subcommittee, and prominent Senators and Congressmen. After McKinley was assassinated in 1901, President Theodore Roosevelt heeded the advice\",\n \"Eleanor Barlin (1925 - 2011); they had one son, Samuel “Sandy” Kahn. Kahn died suddenly in September 1973 from a heart attack while watching the Ali-Norton fight on closed circuit television. At the time of his death, he owed nearly $180 million to the Teamsters Pension Fund (nearly $1 billion in 2015 dollars), making the Irvin Kahn Organization & subsidiaries the fund's largest investment. Kahn's 19-year-old son Samuel, then a college Freshman, took over the companies and the settlement of the estate, divesting the Kahn family companies from their association with the Teamsters and refocusing on less risky real estate\",\n \"Benjamin Franklin Fairless steel union organized along craft lines. Subsequently, the Steel Workers Organizing Committee (SWOC) was formed in Pittsburgh on June 7, 1936. AFL president William Green was outraged. He denounced what he saw as the takeover of the AA on June 5, and declared that the CIO steelworker organizing drive would fail. More importantly, however, Green interpreted the move as proof that the CIO was engaging in dual unionism. After charges were drawn up and a trial conducted, on September 10, 1936, the AFL suspended the 10 unions which belonged to the CIO—including the AA (which was now operating as part\",\n \"William Penn Charter School School (1638), and Roxbury Latin (1645). Penn Charter is among the first schools in the United States to offer education to all religions (1689), financial aid (1701), matriculation to girls (1754), and education to all races (1770). The \\\"Charter\\\" in the school's name does not, as might be assumed, mean that it is a modern \\\"charter school\\\". Rather, it is a reference to the historic document that was signed by William Penn to establish the first Quaker school in America. Originally located on the east side of Fourth Street below Chestnut, the school officially consolidated in 1874 as an all-boys\",\n \"United States v. Lee (1882) legal fiction that the suits were against government officers in their capacity as individuals and not acting on behalf of the state. The Court in \\\"Lee\\\" reaffirmed this \\\"nominal party rule\\\" but only with five votes—which proved to be the last time it was invoked. In \\\"Louisiana ex rel. Elliot v. Jumel\\\", 107 U.S. 711 (1882), a majority of the Court upheld the \\\"nominal party rule\\\" but refused to invoke it on an technicality. In \\\"New Hampshire v. Louisiana\\\", 108 U.S. 76 (1883), the Court abandoned the \\\"nominal party rule\\\" in favor of a \\\"real party interest test.\\\" The Court\",\n \"in the strike at Walt Disney Productions in 1941. Studio head Walt Disney fired Art Babbitt for being a member of the SCG, prompting more than 200 employees to go on strike. The strike resulted in half the studio's employees leaving for other studios, such as David Hilberman and John Hubley, who formed United Productions of America. Disney himself was left with a permanent distrust of pro-union employees, and blamed Babbitt among others for the strike. The SCG was succeeded by The Animation Guild, I.A.T.S.E. Local 839, which still exists today. Screen Cartoonist's Guild Screen Cartoonist's Guild (SCG) was an\",\n \"Mason–Dixon line The Mason–Dixon line, also called the Mason and Dixon line or Mason's and Dixon's line, was surveyed between 1763 and 1767 by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon in the resolution of a border dispute involving Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware in Colonial America. It is still a demarcation line among four U.S. states, forming part of the borders of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia (originally part of Virginia before 1863). Later it became known as the border between the Northern United States and the Southern United States. Before the Missouri Compromise, the line (west of Delaware) marked the\",\n \"Casey Stengel His six seasons there saw some success, including as a member of Brooklyn's 1916 National League championship team, but he also developed a reputation as a clown. After repeated clashes over pay with the Dodgers owner, Charlie Ebbets, Stengel was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1918, but that summer enlisted in the Navy for the remainder of World War I. He continued his pay disputes, resulting in trades to the Philadelphia Phillies in 1919, and to the New York Giants in 1921. There he learned much about baseball from the manager, John McGraw, and had some of the glorious\",\n \"Edwin Booth Edwin Thomas Booth (November 13, 1833 – June 7, 1893) was an American actor who toured throughout the United States and the major capitals of Europe, performing Shakespearean plays. In 1869, he founded Booth's Theatre in New York. Some theatrical historians consider him the greatest American actor, and the greatest Prince Hamlet, of the 19th century. His achievements are often overshadowed by his relationship with his brother, actor John Wilkes Booth, who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln. Booth was born in Bel Air, Maryland, into the English American theatrical Booth family. He was the illegitimate son of the famous\",\n \"the Quakers who opposed any war. As a result, in July, the Assembly sent a split delegation to the Continental Congress: Galloway, Humphreys, and Rhoads were all moderates, while Biddle, Mifflin, Morton, and Ross were radicals. That first Continental Congress produced a statement or Declaration of Rights, as well as a plan of union and pleas to King George to resolve the issues that separated the colonies from Great Britain. They also produced a renewal of the non-importation agreement that had been used during the Stamp Act protests. Edward Biddle was a member of the committee that drafted to Declaration\",\n \"Charles G. Dawes deference to American public opinion, he refused to wear the customary Court dress, which then included knee breeches. This episode was said to upset the King, who had been prevented by illness from attending the event. As the Great Depression continued to ravage the United States, Dawes accepted President Herbert Hoover's appeal to leave diplomatic office and head the newly created Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC). But after a few months, Dawes resigned from the RFC. As a board member of the failing City National Bank and Trust Company of Chicago, he felt obligated to work for its rescue. Political opponents\",\n \"was later appointed head of the journalism department at Columbia University. In 1931 \\\"Ledger\\\" reporter Hubert Renfro Knickerbocker received a Pulitzer Prize for correspondents for a series of articles on the Five Year Plan in the Soviet Union. Public Ledger (Philadelphia) The Public Ledger was a daily newspaper in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania published from March 25, 1836 to January 1942. Its motto was \\\"Virtue Liberty and Independence\\\". For a time, it was Philadelphia's most popular newspaper, but circulation declined in the mid-1930s. It also operated a syndicate, the Ledger Syndicate, from 1915 until 1946. Founded by William Moseley Swain, Arunah S.\",\n \"Warren G. Harding went to bed early on the evening of July 27, 1923, a few hours after giving his final speech at the University of Washington. Later that night, he called for his physician, Charles E. Sawyer, complaining of pain in the upper abdomen. Sawyer thought it was a recurrence of a dietary upset, but Dr. Joel T. Boone suspected a heart problem. The next day, as the train rushed to San Francisco, Harding felt better, and when they arrived on the morning of July 29, 1923, he insisted on walking from the train to the car, which rushed him to the\",\n \"“rather effeminate figure in colonial garb,” while Taft in his \\\"History of American Sculpture\\\" is less kind, calling the statue “insignificant”. Peter Muhlenberg (Nevin) Peter Muhlenberg, or John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg, is an 1889 marble sculpture depicting the American clergyman, soldier, and politician of the same name by Blanche Nevin, installed in the United States Capitol's crypt, in Washington, D.C., as part of the National Statuary Hall Collection. It is one of two statues donated by the state of Pennsylvania. The statue was accepted into the collection on February 28, 1889 by Pennsylvania Congressman Daniel Ermentrout. Nevin produced the statue\",\n \"George Wythe inoculated against smallpox, as were fellow delegate Francis Lightfoot Lee and his lady and others. By October, Thomas Jefferson had rejoined the Congress to work with his former teacher and the other delegates, although personal tragedy forced him to leave for five months in the winter and spring. Wythe accepted many assignments relating to military, currency and other matters. He, John Dickinson and John Jay also went to New Jersey that winter and convinced that colony's assembly to maintain a united front. When petitions and other attempts failed to resolve the crisis by the following summer, all while Dunmore's raiders\",\n \"Lewis Blaine Hershey Selective Service Act or Regulations be treated as delinquent. Notably, he said that such violations included \\\"illegal activity which interferes with recruiting,\\\" which was assumed to mean demonstrating against military recruiters. Unlike the Memorandum, the letter was unofficial. This order outraged students, many of whom were not subject to being drafted due to education deferments, and campus demonstrations against the war (and Hershey's order) increased. Various Supreme Court cases voided the Memorandum, and after one of them Hershey withdrew it with Memorandum No. 101, on January 21, 1970. The most explicit overruling of the Memorandum and Letter came in a\",\n \"Pennsylvania Railroad class E6 greeted by President Calvin Coolidge at Washington, DC and awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. There was intense competition between several newsreel companies to be the first to get footage of the ceremony back to New York to show in the Broadway theaters. Several companies chartered aircraft, but the International News Reel Corporation instead chartered a special train from the Pennsylvania Railroad, repeating what it had done for President Coolidge's inauguration. A plane could get from Washington to New York faster than a train, but the train could carry a darkroom to develop the film \\\"en route\\\", making the train competitive.\",\n \"Penn State in 1897. He then used it in 1903 at Carlisle against Harvard and garnered national attention. The hidden ball trick was famously parodied in the 1930s by the Marx Brothers in the film \\\"Horse Feathers\\\" and by the Three Stooges in the comedy short \\\"Three Little Pigskins\\\". Hidden ball tricks can be used in rugby and lacrosse. Hidden ball trick A hidden ball trick is a play in which a player deceives the opposing team about the location of the ball. In the game of baseball, the defense deceives the runner about the location of the ball, in\",\n \"1917 Rose Bowl Oregon's sole Rose Bowl victory for 95 years, until January 2012; they made appearances in 1920, 1958, 1995, and 2010, and won again in 2015. This was Penn's only appearance; other Ivy League teams at the Rose Bowl were Harvard in 1920 and Columbia in 1934, both winners. Oregon and Washington were both unbeaten in the new Pacific Coast Conference that year, and tied in their head-to-head meeting. Oregon was invited to participate in the Tournament of Roses game prior to their despite the fact that Washington had one more conference win than Oregon, having beaten California twice. On the\",\n \"1896 Lafayette football team the Penn Quakers on October 24 at Franklin Field. Penn, coached by George Washington Woodruff, was in the midst of a 34-game winning streak and was only guaranteeing Lafayette $150 for a game that would net $10,000. As an intense media war surrounded the game, Lafayette enrolled Fielding H. Yost, a tackle from West Virginia, who Lafayette had defeated in the final game of their series on October 17. With Yost, Charles Rinehart, and the inventor of the football helmet George Barclay on the field, Lafayette won 6–4. It was the first victory of a \\\"small school\\\" over one of\",\n \"Charles Foster Kane this, Kane tried to force her into a career as an opera singer, even building an opera house specifically for her, but he was unsuccessful. Susan is the last of Kane's friends to leave him as well as the original owner of the snow globe he drops after saying \\\"rosebud\\\". As of 1941, she is still living and running a nightclub (\\\"El Rancho\\\") in Atlantic City, which is where she is interviewed by Jerry Thompson. Jedediah Leland (Joseph Cotten) was a close friend of Kane and is generally acknowledged to represent the morality and idealism Kane himself loses as the\",\n \"Europeans and banned the immigration of Asians. Russell suffered apparently minor injuries on the return trip, which, however, led to complications, and she died after ten days of illness at her home in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Thousands of people lined the route of her military funeral, attended by many actors and politicians; President Harding sent a wreath that was set atop her casket. She is interred in her family's private mausoleum in the Allegheny Cemetery in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Lillian Russell's friend Diamond Jim Brady was a significant owner of Thoroughbred racehorses and may have influenced her decision to become involved in\",\n \"1886, American Horse replaced Sitting Bull as the Indian headliner for the 1886-87 seasons. A journalist asked American Horse what he thought of the East and he replied, \\\"I see so much that is wonderful and strange that I feel a wish to go out in the forest and cover my head with a blanket, so that I can see no more and have a chance to think over what I have seen.\\\" On March 31, 1887, Chief American Horse, Chief Blue Horse and Chief Red Shirt and their families boarded the \\\"S.S. State of Nebraska\\\" in New York City,\",\n \"USS Philadelphia (C-4) In March 1899, with Commander-in-Chief Rear Admiral Albert Kautz embarked, \\\"Philadelphia\\\" steamed to the Samoan Islands for duty in connection with the settlement of civil difficulties by the Samoan Commissioners of the United States, Great Britain, and Germany. A landing party from \\\"Philadelphia\\\" went ashore in the vicinity of Vailele 1 April to act in concert with a British landing party. The combined force, ambushed by adherents of Chief Mataafa, sustained seven killed and seven wounded, including two American officers, Lieutenant Philip Lansdale and Ensign John R. Monaghan, and two sailors killed, including Seaman Norman Edsall, and five bluejackets wounded.\",\n \"Cornet (rank) famous cornets in that conflict were George Joyce, Robert Stetson, and Ninian Beall. It was abolished along with the purchase of commissions in the Army Reform Act of 1871, replaced by second lieutenant. The ranks of ensign and cornet were abolished in the US Army in 1815. The rank also existed in other nation's cavalry troops, such as those of Sweden (\\\"kornett\\\") and Imperial Russia (корнет), and by the Continental Army in the American War of Independence. General Alexander Macomb was initially commissioned a cornet in a career in which he eventually became Commanding General of the United States Army.\",\n \"Henry Flagler the booming oil refining business. \\\"When John D. Rockefeller was asked if the Standard Oil company was the result of his thinking, he answered, 'No, sir. I wish I had the brains to think of it. It was Henry M. Flagler.'\\\" Flagler served as an active part of Standard Oil until 1882. John Dustin Archbold, known for being more aggressive, was hired by the Rockefellers. Flagler stepped back to take a secondary role at Standard Oil, but served as a vice president through 1908 and was part of ownership until 1911. On the advice of his physician, Flagler traveled to\",\n \"Spanish–American War a Congressman. Yellow fever had quickly spread amongst the American occupation force, crippling it. A group of concerned officers of the American army chose Theodore Roosevelt to draft a request to Washington that it withdraw the Army, a request that paralleled a similar one from General Shafter, who described his force as an \\\"army of convalescents\\\". By the time of his letter, 75% of the force in Cuba was unfit for service. On August 7, the American invasion force started to leave Cuba. The evacuation was not total. The U.S. Army kept the black Ninth U.S. Cavalry Regiment in Cuba\",\n \"1906–17 Stanford rugby teams football; 159 serious injuries were also reported, 88 at the college level. Reform was demanded by such voices as U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, who decried the brutality and foul play of the game, and called a meeting of school presidents to discuss the issue. As a result, before the next season began, new rules were put in place to discourage such play. The forward pass was also introduced to open up the game and reduce the role of dangerous mass formations. Despite the planned changes, a number of universities banned the sport for the coming year, including Columbia, NYU, and\",\n \"Anti-Catholicism in the United States politics and additional laws were introduced that outlawed the Mass, the Church's Sacraments, and Catholic schools. In 1719, Rhode Island imposed civil restrictions on Catholics, such as denial of suffrage. Pennsylvania became a safe haven for Catholic refugees from Maryland. William Penn had been harassed as a Quaker, and he enacted a broad grant of religious toleration and civil rights to all who believed in God, regardless of their particular denomination. The threat of war between England and France brought about renewed suspicions against Catholics. However, the Quaker government in Pennsylvania refused to be coerced into violating its traditional policies.\",\n \"never went into action either, and was withdrawn sometime later without incident. Murphy never faced charges for his bombing of Naco, Arizona, which became the first aerial bombardment of the contiguous United States by a foreign power in American history. According to local rumor, the rebel commander, General Escobar, kept a plane loaded with gold near the border so he could escape if the revolution collapsed. When it did, Escobar abandoned his troops and flew into Arizona, where he asked for and received asylum from the local authorities. The rebellion officially came to an end not long after the incident\",\n \"Lacey Act of 1907 The Lacey Act of 1907, authored by Rep. John F. Lacey, an Iowa Republican, revised federal Indian Law to provide for the allotment of tribal funds to certain classes of Indians. These provisions were proposed after the passage of the Burke Act and the Dawes Act, both of which provided for the allotment of reservation lands to individual Indians, but not to communally owned trust funds. After much debate and several opposing arguments, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the bill into law on March 2, 1907. The Lacey Act is made of two sections, Sec. 1 and\",\n \"Joseph Galloway civil government. He had a reputation as a highly efficient administrator, but one who repeatedly interfered in military affairs. He aggressively organised the Loyalists in the city, but was dismayed when the British army decided to abandon the city in 1778 following France's entry into the war. When the British army withdrew to New York, he went with them. In 1778, he fled to Britain with his daughter, never to return to the colonies, and became a leading spokesman of American Loyalists in London. In 1778 the General Assembly of Pennsylvania convicted him of high treason and confiscated his estates.\",\n \"Abolitionism in the United States 1, 1808 — 20 years after the Constitution — although smuggling continued, primarily via Spanish Florida and the Gulf Coast. (See Wanderer and Clotilda.) No action was taken on the nation's internal slave trade, which expanded to replace the supply of African slaves. (See Slavery in the United States#Slave trade.) The principal organized bodies to advocate this reform were the Pennsylvania Abolition Society, led by Benjamin Franklin, and the New York Manumission Society. The latter was headed by powerful politicians: John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, later Federalists, and Aaron Burr, later the Democratic-Republican vice-president of the United States. In 1799 New\",\n \"Stalwarts (politics) The Stalwarts were a faction of the Republican Party that existed briefly in the United States during and after Reconstruction and the Gilded Age during the 1870s and 1880s. Led by U.S. Senator Roscoe Conkling—also known as \\\"Lord Roscoe\\\"—Stalwarts were sometimes called \\\"Conklingites\\\". Other notable Stalwarts include Chester A. Arthur and Thomas C. Platt, who were in favor of Ulysses S. Grant, the eighteenth President of the United States (1869–1877), running for a third term. They were the \\\"traditional\\\" Republicans who opposed Rutherford B. Hayes's civil service reform. They were pitted against the \\\"Half-Breeds\\\" (moderates) for control of\",\n \"adapted for other media for the last two centuries, in cartoons, films, stage plays, music, and other media. Rip Van Winkle \\\"Rip Van Winkle\\\" is a short story by the American author Washington Irving first published in 1819. It follows a Dutch-American villager in colonial America named Rip Van Winkle who falls asleep in the Catskill Mountains and wakes up 20 years later, having missed the American Revolution. Irving wrote it while living in Birmingham, England, as part of the collection \\\"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.\\\" The story is set in New York's Catskill Mountains, but Irving later\",\n \"Anita Page proposals from Benito Mussolini in the mail. When her contract expired in 1933, she surprised Hollywood by announcing her retirement at the age of 23. She made one more movie, \\\"Hitch Hike to Heaven\\\", in 1936, and then left the screen, virtually disappearing from Hollywood circles for sixty years. In a 2004 interview with author Scott Feinberg, she claimed that her refusal to meet demands for sexual favors by MGM head of production Irving Thalberg, supported by studio chief Louis B. Mayer, is what truly ended her career. She said that Mayer colluded with the other studio bosses to ban\",\n \"U.S. Steel recognition strike of 1901 Steel ended on September 14, 1901. The AA settled for terms far worse than those offered in August. Only plants which had started and ended the strike were covered, which meant that the union lost recognition at 15 plants. The company even won a pledge from the union not to organize any plant not already unionized, and to reject any offer of affiliation from a unionized plant. In March 1903, the American Sheet Steel Co. merged with U.S. Steel, ensuring its future as a nonunion company. In \\\"A History of American Labor\\\", Joseph G. Rayback has written, After the strike\",\n \"split both the Democratic and Whig parties and gave rise to the Republican Party, which split the United States into two major political camps, the Republican North and the Democratic South. Senator Stephen A. Douglas and former Illinois Representative Abraham Lincoln aired their disagreement over the Kansas–Nebraska Act in seven public speeches during September and October 1854. Lincoln gave his most comprehensive argument against slavery and the provisions of the act in Peoria, Illinois, on October 16, the Peoria Speech. He and Douglas both spoke to the large audience, Douglas first and Lincoln in response, two hours later. Lincoln's three-hour\",\n \"George Henry Thomas At the outbreak of the Civil War, 19 of the 36 officers in the 2nd U.S. Cavalry resigned, including three of Thomas's superiors—Albert Sidney Johnston, Robert E. Lee, and William J. Hardee. Many Southern-born officers were torn between loyalty to their states and loyalty to their country. Thomas struggled with the decision but opted to remain with the United States. His Northern-born wife probably helped influence his decision. In response, his family turned his picture against the wall, destroyed his letters, and never spoke to him again. (During the economic hard times in the South after the war, Thomas sent\",\n \"The Nance closed down. Ephraim and the girls leave to perform out of state. It is revealed that Chauncey, as a repeat offender and banned from leaving New York, was offered leniency if he named the other party, (i.e., Ned), but refused to do so. The other company members sadly tell him goodbye. Chauncey stands alone on the stage of the Irving Place. As he softly sings a verse of his trademark song, a piece of the ceiling falls, narrowly missing him, and Chauncey remains center stage under a broken spotlight as the curtain falls. \\\"The New Yorker\\\" columnist, Hilton Als, called\",\n \"Philadelphia Giants Philadelphia's remaining star players defected to other teams. The Giants' caliber of play dropped significantly as they rapidly became a minor team. Although a club continued on into the 1920s with the same name, that team cannot be equated with the original franchise.\\\" Lanctot says the team disbanded during the 1911 season, forced by player defections (citing the \\\"New York Age\\\" of August 3, evidently). The new Lincoln Giants of New York City had signed \\\"several players, including Louis Santop and Dick Redding\\\". Many clubs claimed the tradition: by 1914 there were North, South, East, and West versions of \\\"Philadelphia\",\n \"was highly critical of Woodrow Wilson for not entering the war against Germany earlier. Once Roosevelt obtained permission from the U.S. Congress to form a volunteer Army to help in France, Major Burnham was enlisted by the Club to raise the troops in the Western states and to coordinate recruitment efforts. Wilson ultimately rejected Roosevelt's plan and the volunteer Army disbanded. During the war, the club also raised $500,000 in relief funds for Belgium war refugees, and after the war it played a prominent part in helping U.S. soldiers from Western States re-incorporate into American society. Rocky Mountain Club The\",\n \"Wharton Barker telegraph, and telephone concessions (later withdrawn) from China. As early as 1869 he founded the \\\"Penn Monthly,\\\" a weekly devoted to political, economic, and social questions, which in 1880-1900 was published under the name \\\"The American\\\". In the field of politics, Mr. Barker became known as the proposer for the presidency of the names of Garfield and Harrison, and as one of the chief opponents of a third term for Grant. Having left the Republican Party in 1896 to join the Populists, he showed himself so zealous that he was made their candidate for the presidency in 1900 four years\",\n \"Panic of 1907 the National Bureau of Economic Research as occurring between May 1907 and June 1908. The interrelated contraction, bank panic and falling stock market resulted in significant economic disruption. Industrial production dropped further than after any previous bank run, and 1907 saw the second-highest volume of bankruptcies to that date. Production fell by 11%, imports by 26%, while unemployment rose to 8% from under 3%. Immigration dropped to 750,000 people in 1909, from 1.2 million two years earlier. Since the end of the Civil War, the United States had experienced panics of varying severity. Economists Charles Calomiris and Gary Gorton rate\",\n \"members of the Federal Reserve Board including Paul Warburg and William Proctor Gould Harding, charging that they were involved \\\"...in a conspiracy to violate the Constitution and laws of the United States...\\\" Charles August Lindbergh died in 1924 in Crookston, Minnesota of brain cancer. He has a memorial plaque in the columbarium at Lakewood Cemetery in Minneapolis. According to his wishes, son Charles scattered his ashes over the place near Sauk River where the first Lindbergh home once stood. Charles August Lindbergh Charles August Lindbergh (born Carl Månsson; January 20, 1859 – May 24, 1924) was a United States Congressman\",\n \"leaving the theater, he was shot to death by federal agents. Myrna Loy was among those who expressed distaste at the studio's willingness to exploit this event for the financial benefit of the film. Scenes from \\\"Manhattan Melodrama\\\", in addition to Dillinger's death, are depicted in the 2009 film \\\"Public Enemies\\\". On June 15, 1904, the steamboat \\\"General Slocum\\\" catches fire and sinks in New York's East River. Two boys, Blackie Gallagher (Mickey Rooney) and Jim Wade (Jimmy Butler), are rescued by a priest, Father Joe (Leo Carrillo), but are orphaned by the disaster. They are taken in by another\",\n \"Pennsylvania State University NCAA and are collectively known as the Penn State Nittany Lions. They compete in the Big Ten Conference for most sports. The school was founded as a degree-granting institution on February 22, 1855, by act P.L. 46, No. 50 of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as the Farmers' High School of Pennsylvania. Centre County, Pennsylvania, became the home of the new school when James Irvin of Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, donated of landthe first of the school would eventually acquire. In 1862, the school's name was changed to the Agricultural College of Pennsylvania, and with the passage of the\",\n \"able to express her thoughts, comments and concerns to others. In 1775, Phillis Wheatley sent a copy of a poem entitled, \\\"To His Excellency, George Washington\\\" to him. In 1776, Washington invited Wheatley to visit him at his headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts, which she did in March 1776. Thomas Paine republished the poem in the \\\"Pennsylvania Gazette\\\" in April 1776. In 1773, sometime between July and October, Wheatley was emancipated by the Wheatley family shortly after her book, \\\"Poems on Subjects Religious and Moral\\\", was published in London. Susanna Wheatley died in the spring of 1774. John Wheatley's death followed\",\n \"William Jennings Bryan William Howard Taft. Along with Henry Clay, Bryan is one of the two individuals since 1804 who received electoral votes in three separate presidential elections but never won a presidential election. The 493 cumulative electoral votes cast for Bryan in those three elections are the most received by a presidential candidate never elected. After the Democrats won the presidency in the 1912 election, Woodrow Wilson rewarded Bryan's support with the important cabinet position of Secretary of State. Bryan helped Wilson pass several progressive reforms through Congress, but he and Wilson clashed over U.S. neutrality in World War I. Bryan resigned\",\n \"and the New Jersey-Pennsylvania state line.) Designed by the DL&W's engineering staff under the supervision of chief engineer Lincoln Bush and built by the Philadelphia contracting firm of Reiter, Curtis & Hill, the bridge was considered a pioneering work that opened the door to the building of even larger concrete viaducts by the Lackawanna, most notably the Tunkhannock Viaduct in Pennsylvania in 1915. Opened to regular rail traffic on Christmas Eve 1911, the Paulinskill Viaduct, supported by its seven graceful arches, carried DL&W trains until 1960, when the railroad merged with the Erie Railroad to form the Erie Lackawanna Railroad.\",\n \"Charles Foster Kane scandal goes public and Kane loses the election decisively. Furthermore, his best friend, Jedediah Leland, becomes profoundly disillusioned at Kane's arrogance—his intentional humiliation of his family, and his treatment of the electorate as personal property—and insists on a transfer to Kane's Chicago paper. Emily divorces Kane in 1916, and dies two years later in a car crash with their son. Kane marries Susan and forces her into a doomed and humiliating career as an opera singer. Leland, now a drama critic for the \\\"Chicago Inquirer\\\", refuses to toe the company line by praising Alexander's performances. Leland becomes too drunk at\",\n \"The Penn Club of Philadelphia Horace Howard Furness. James P. Sims arranged the scheme of decoration and designed the mantel upon which McMichael and Wharton Barker placed the statue of William Penn, modeled in plaster by Muller. Henry Armitt Brown hung the picture said to represent William Penn. The membership was limited to 200. The first president of the Club was Wharton Barker (1846–1921), who was a prominent abolitionist and president of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. He was also one of the original fifty members who founded the Union Club, which later became the Union League of Philadelphia. The intention of the Club is expressed\",\n \"Booker T. Washington full participation in society by acting as responsible, reliable American citizens. Shortly after the Spanish–American War, President William McKinley and most of his cabinet visited Booker Washington. He led the school until his death in 1915. By then Tuskegee's endowment had grown to over $1.5 million, compared to its initial $2,000 annual appropriation. Washington was instrumental in lobbying the state legislature in 1891 to locate the newly authorized West Virginia State University in the Kanawha Valley of West Virginia near Charleston. He visited the campus often and spoke at its first commencement exercise. Washington was a dominant figure of the\",\n \"William Penn its part, the Crown continued to confiscate Quaker property and jailed thousands of Quakers. From then on, Penn's religious views effectively exiled him from English society; he was sent down (expelled) from Christ Church College of Oxford University for being a Quaker, and was arrested several times. Among the most famous of these was the trial following his 1670 arrest with William Mead. Penn was accused of preaching before a gathering in the street, which Penn had deliberately provoked to test the validity of the 1664 Conventicle Act, just renewed in 1670, which denied the right of assembly to \\\"more\",\n \"Andrew Carnegie Area Heritage Association, and houses the Flood Museum. The Homestead Strike was a bloody labor confrontation lasting 143 days in 1892, one of the most serious in U.S. history. The conflict was centered on Carnegie Steel's main plant in Homestead, Pennsylvania, and grew out of a labor dispute between the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (AA) and the Carnegie Steel Company. Carnegie left on a trip to Scotland before the unrest peaked. In doing so, Carnegie left mediation of the dispute in the hands of his associate and partner Henry Clay Frick. Frick was well known in industrial\",\n \"University of Pennsylvania university archives director Mark Frazier Lloyd: the 1765 founding of the first medical school in America made Penn the first institution to offer both \\\"undergraduate\\\" and professional education; the 1779 charter made it the first American institution of higher learning to take the name of \\\"University\\\"; and existing colleges were established as seminaries (although, as detailed earlier, Penn adopted a traditional seminary curriculum as well). After being located in downtown Philadelphia for more than a century, the campus was moved across the Schuylkill River to property purchased from the Blockley Almshouse in West Philadelphia in 1872, where it has since\",\n \"and literary scholar Alvin Johnson, historian Charles A. Beard, economists Thorstein Veblen and James Harvey Robinson, and philosophers Horace M. Kallen and John Dewey. Several founders were former professors at Columbia University. In October 1917, after Columbia University imposed a loyalty oath to the United States upon the entire faculty and student body, it fired several professors. Charles A. Beard, Professor of Political Science, resigned his professorship at Columbia in protest. His colleague James Harvey Robinson resigned in 1919 to join the faculty at the New School. The New School plan was to offer the rigorousness of postgraduate education without\",\n \"Pennsylvania in the American Civil War of Antietam in fall of 1862, thirteen Union governors assembled in Altoona, Pennsylvania, at the Loyal War Governors' Conference. This meeting was assembled by Governor Andrew G. Curtin and its purpose was to discuss strategy, troop quotas and the Union. The governors affirmed their support towards, as well as expressed their concerns regarding the war effort and the emancipation proclamation. They then traveled to Washington, DC, to meet Abraham Lincoln and relay their conclusions to him. A few weeks later, Lincoln removed General George B. McClellan from commanding the Army of the Potomac (about whom the governors had voiced their\",\n \"See on 6 January 1947. Konstantin Dumba Konstantin (Theodor) (from 1917, Graf von) Dumba (17 June 1856 – 6 January 1947), was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat serving as its last accredited Ambassador to the United States and famous for having been expelled during World War I following accusations of espionage. Born in Vienna on 17 June 1856 as the son of Nikolaus Dumba (1830-1900), a wealthy Greek-Austrian entrepreneur. The Dumbas, originally from the Vlach village Vlasti, in the Ottoman province of Rumelia, had emigrated and settled in Vienna in 1817. After completing his legal studies and obtaining a doctorate in law,\",\n \"The Remarkable Mr. Pennypacker their education to Emily. Jane, Pa’s spinster sister then decides to move to Philadelphia to care for her motherless nieces and nephews. As Pa packs his suitcases to leave, the children beg him to stay, and with Emily's permission, he unpacks. Soon after, Kate and Wilbur are married and Emily is so moved by the wedding that she asks the Rev. Dr. Fielding to renew her and Pa's vows. As the minister conducts the ceremony, Emily tells Pa to repeat the phrase \\\"forsaking all others.\\\" Walter Reisch who worked on the script later recalled, \\\"On the stage it was funny,\",\n \"1907 college football season The 1907 IAAUS football season saw the increased use of the forward pass, which had been legalized the year before. Football remained a dangerous game, despite the \\\"debrutalization\\\" reforms, and an unprecedented eleven players were killed (9 high school and 2 college), while 98 others were seriously injured. However, there were no serious injuries reported among the major colleges. The Yale Bulldogs, unbeaten with a record of 10-0-1, had the best record. The Helms Athletic Foundation, founded in 1936, declared retroactively that Yale had been the best college football team of 1907. Yale and Penn both\",\n \"William Penn University \\\"For other educational establishments with a similar name please see William Penn School\\\" William Penn University is a private, liberal arts university in Oskaloosa, Iowa, United States. It was founded by members of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in 1873 as Penn College. In 1933, the name was changed to William Penn College, and finally to William Penn University in 2000. In 2007, Musco Lighting, also in Oskaloosa, donated $12 million to the school for various projects—the biggest single gift in the school's history. The money was to be used for of new structures including student\",\n \"1912 United States presidential election in the Republican party. Now, with the Democrats holding about 45% of the national vote, any schism would be fatal. Roosevelt's only hope at the convention was to form a \\\"stop-Taft\\\" alliance with La Follette, but Roosevelt had alienated La Follette, and the alliance could not form. Unable to tolerate the personal humiliation he suffered at the hands of Taft and the Old Guard, and refusing to entertain the possibility of a compromise candidate, Roosevelt struck back hard. On the evening of June 22, 1912, Roosevelt asked his supporters to leave the convention. Roosevelt maintained that President Taft had allowed\",\n \"Buffalo switchmen's strike in labor unity. Eugene V. Debs, national secretary of the Locomotive Firemen, resigned his position a month after the switchmen's strike in order to work full-time on the creation of a national union of railway workers. Debs was successful in forming the American Railway Union (ARU) in June 1893. But the ARU would prove to be short-lived. The union was crushed in the violent Pullman strike of 1894. The union's collapse pushed Debs toward Socialism. The Pullman strike also convinced many in the American labor movement that the government was a tool of corporate interests, and that they could no\",\n \"of higher learning was known as the College of Philadelphia from 1755 to 1779. In 1779, not trusting then-provost the Reverend William Smith's \\\"Loyalist\\\" tendencies, the revolutionary State Legislature created a University of the State of Pennsylvania. The result was a schism, with Smith continuing to operate an attenuated version of the College of Philadelphia. In 1791, the Legislature issued a new charter, merging the two institutions into a new University of Pennsylvania with twelve men from each institution on the new Board of Trustees. Penn has three claims to being the first university in the United States, according to\",\n \"United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association was not necessarily the best team in the United States. The members of the USILL in 1906 were Columbia University, Cornell University, Harvard University, Johns Hopkins University, Lehigh University, University of Pennsylvania, Stevens Institute of Technology and Swarthmore College. In 1907, Hobart College became a member, and Penn withdrew. As had been the rule for over two decades, 12 players per side constituted a team, and the USILL was split into Northern and Southern divisions, corresponding to the former IULL and ILA, respectively. Bold indicates victory or tie in head-to-head game, or that such game was not played. \\\"Italics\\\" indicates\"\n]","isConversational":false},"cluster":{"kind":"number","value":78,"string":"78"}}},{"rowIdx":99,"cells":{"query":{"kind":"string","value":"which gymnastics group performed at the closing ceremony of the 2009 asean para"},"positive":{"kind":"list like","value":["2009 ASEAN Para Games followed by four national paralympians - Nadrul Shakir Nor Zainal (swimming), Marriappan Perumal (powerlifting), Siow Lee Chan (powerlifting) and Mohd Riduan Emeari (athletics) ushering in the Games torch before the cauldron was lit. Finally, a 120-strong gymnastics group from Soka Gakkai entertained the spectators to a gymnastic performance reflecting the spirit of unity, courage and harmony. The closing ceremony was held on Monday, 19 August 2009, beginning at 20:00 MST (UTC+8) at the Putra Indoor Stadium in Kuala Lumpur. The closing ceremony begins with a series of song performance by local Malay singers. After the performance, the best sportsman and"],"string":"[\n \"2009 ASEAN Para Games followed by four national paralympians - Nadrul Shakir Nor Zainal (swimming), Marriappan Perumal (powerlifting), Siow Lee Chan (powerlifting) and Mohd Riduan Emeari (athletics) ushering in the Games torch before the cauldron was lit. Finally, a 120-strong gymnastics group from Soka Gakkai entertained the spectators to a gymnastic performance reflecting the spirit of unity, courage and harmony. The closing ceremony was held on Monday, 19 August 2009, beginning at 20:00 MST (UTC+8) at the Putra Indoor Stadium in Kuala Lumpur. The closing ceremony begins with a series of song performance by local Malay singers. After the performance, the best sportsman and\"\n]","isConversational":false},"negative":{"kind":"list like","value":["medals. Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's uneven bars Women's uneven bars competition at the 2008 Summer Olympics was held on August 18 at the Beijing National Indoor Stadium. The eight competitors (with a maximum of two per nation) with the highest scores in qualifying proceeded to the women's uneven bars finals. There, each gymnast performed again; the scores from the final round (ignoring qualification) determined final ranking. The final scores work as per the normal scoring procedure: the A score measures the difficulty of the routine and the B score measures how well it was executed. The","the Asian Para Games after making a visit there in July, as the city was awarded as the host city of the 2022 Asian Games on 16 September 2015 by the Olympic Council of Asia. 2022 Asian Para Games The 2022 Asian Para Games, also known as the 4th Asian Para Games, is a multi-sport event that parallels the 2022 Asian Games which will held for Asian athletes with disability in Hangzhou, China. Hangzhou will be the second Chinese city to host the Asian Para Games, after Guangzhou 2010. As is the tradition of the event, since 2010, the Asian","of 30.00 (can be higher at Senior FIG level based on difficulty): The events consist of: Most competitions require a balance and dynamic routine for each event, though some will do a single mixed event. The World Championships have been held since 1974. Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios","Asian Australian Football Championships reduced numbers and smaller field sizes. In 2015 the tournament was expanded to two divisions, with a 16-a-side first division and a 12-a-side second division. In 2018 the tournament also included a women's division, with a record 21 teams from 13 countries competing. Teams that have competed include the Hong Kong Dragons, Singapore Wombats, Bali Geckos, Brunei Sharks, China Blues, China Reds, Japan Goannas, Philippine Eagles, Indonesian Bintangs/Volcanoes (as a combined Jakarta and Bali side), Jakarta Bintangs, Thailand Tigers, Vietnam Swans, Malaysian Warriors, Dubai Heat, Cambodian Eagles, Lao Elephants, Myanmar Fighting Cocks, PNG Muruks and Macau Lightning. There was an","Tabitha Nauser Tabitha Nauser (born 23 February 1992) is a Singaporean pop/R&B singer who was the second runner-up in the 2009 season of \"Singapore Idol\" (Season 3). In 2010, she was selected to represent the continent of Asia to sing the Official Theme Song of the Singapore 2010 Youth Olympic Games, \"Everyone\". She collaborated with four other artists, American Sean Kingston (Americas), South African Jody Williams (Africa), British Steve Appleton (Europe), and Australian Jessica Mauboy (Oceania). In late 2016, she released her first single, \"Bulletproof\". On 29 September 2017, Nauser released the single \"Body Language\" featuring Malaysian rapper SonaOne. Tabitha","MNL48 MNL48 (read \"M.N.L. Forty-eight\") is a Filipino idol girl group and the fifth international sister group of AKB48, after Indonesia's JKT48, China's SNH48, Thailand's BNK48, and Taiwan's TPE48. The group is named after Manila, the capital of the Philippines. On 26 March 2016, the formations of MNL48, BNK48, and TPE48 were announced. On 13 October 2017, Hallo Hallo Entertainment announced registration and audition tour dates for the group's first generation. On 10 November 2017, Hallo Hallo Entertainment held the first audition for MNL48. In early 2018, a segment was hosted on \"It's Showtime\" by Anne Curtis, Billy Crawford, and","Death of Sarah Guyard-Guillot Sarah \"Sasoun\" Guyard-Guillot (); (September 12, 1981 – June 29, 2013) was a French acrobat and aerialist who fell to her death during a performance of the Cirque du Soleil show \"Kà\" at MGM Grand in Paradise, Nevada, on June 29, 2013. \"Kà\" is a Cirque du Soleil show that plays at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, Nevada. According to the \"Los Angeles Times\" the show \"may well be the most lavish production in the history of Western theater [and] is surely the most technologically advanced.\" It features a 360 degree rotating stage and 86","Olympic flag because the Kuwait Olympic Committee was suspended due to political interference in January 2010 Thailand led the medal table with 14 gold medals and total of 36 medals. 27 NOCs won at least a single medal with 14 NOCs winning at least a single gold medal, thus leaving 16 NOCs failing to win any medal at the Games. 2010 Asian Beach Games The 2nd Asian Beach Games were held in Muscat, Oman from 8 December 2010 to 16 December 2010. The opening ceremony was held in the Al-Musannah Sports City, Muscat. The relation between the Omani people and","2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony as a tribute to aviation was performed. Near the end of this song a human cannonball \"died\" and out rolled Eric Idle, who sang \"Always Look on the Bright Side of Life\", accompanied variously by nuns on roller-skates, Morris dancers (Blackheath Morris and Rag Morris), Roman soldiers, Punjabi bhangra musicians dancers (VP Bhangra), and bagpipes (Reading Scottish Pipe Band, led by Pipe Major Ron Paterson) before a human cannonball was fired across the arena. Muse then appeared and proceeded to sing the official song of London 2012, \"Survival\". In the darkness four trucks with screens on them entered and went","song's music video was filmed by Warner Music. In July 2009, the Open Happiness was launched in the Chinese market, where a Chinese version of the song was recorded by Taiwan singer and songwriter Wang Leehom. In 2010, Taiwan singer, A-Mei also recorded a version of the song. The Canadian version of Open Happiness was recorded by Kardinal Offishall, Bedouin Soundclash, and Cœur de pirate. It was used during the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games Torch Relay and at Coca Cola's Pavilion during the games. On October 28, 2009 Monkey Majik released their own Japanese rendition of Open Happiness. A","2000 Summer Olympics course that started in North Sydney. The event was won by Ethiopian Genzhnge Abera, with Eric Wananina second and Tesefe Tola, also of Ethiopia third. It was the first time since the 1968 Olympics that an Ethiopian had won the gold medal in this event. The Closing Ceremony commenced with Christine Anu singing her version of the Warumpi Band's song, My Island Home. She performed with several Aboriginal dancers atop the Geodome Stage in the middle of the stadium, around which several hundred umbrella and lampbox kids created an image of Aboriginal dreamtime. The Geodome Stage was used throughout the","Indonesia at the 2012 Summer Olympics entries. Other Indonesian athletes won their spots by participating in various qualifying matches around the world. Badminton player and former Olympic gold medalist Taufik Hidayat, who competed at his fourth Olympic games, was the oldest and most experienced athlete of the team. Backstroke swimmer I Gede Siman Sudartawa, the youngest male athlete of the team, was Indonesia's flag bearer at the opening ceremony. Indonesia, however, failed to win an Olympic gold medal for the first time since 1992, leaving London with only a silver and a bronze medal. Weightlifters Eko Yuli Irawan and Triyatno managed to repeat their Olympic medals","2001 Goodwill Games The 2001 Goodwill Games was the fifth and final edition of the international multi-sport event. The competition was held in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia from 29 August to 9 September 2001. A total around 1300 athletes took part in 14 sporting competitions. The opening ceremony was held at the Brisbane Entertainment Centre at Boondall and featured The Corrs and Keith Urban. There was a live audience of 10,000 and the ceremony was broadcast live to an international audience of 450 million viewers. The pedestrian and cyclist Goodwill Bridge in Brisbane is named after the games. There were 155","2008 Summer Paralympics medal table both the number of NPCs competing and the number of athletes overall. The design of the medals was similar to those awarded in the 2008 Summer Olympics, featuring jade discs inserted into the medals themselves, with different color discs included for the three types of medals. A total of 21 designs were submitted from designers from the China Central Academy of Fine Arts, Tsinghua University and the China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation, with the final design approved in the autumn of 2007. Athletes from a record 76 NPCs won medals, leaving 70 NPCs without a medal. Athletes from Croatia,","Michael Christian Martinez 24.Had he advanced, he planned skate to the songs “El Tango de Roxanne” from \"Moulin Rouge!\" and “Tango de los Exilados” in the free skate program, which were the same songs he used in the 2017 Southeast Asian Games. Despite failing to advance, Tom Carrasco, the \"chef de mission\" of Philippine delegation to the Games remarked that Martinez did his best given the skater's \"condition and circumstances\" and the official relayed that Zagor described Martinez's short program as \"not a bad performance\". After the Pyeongchang stint, Martinez said he will not retire and will just rest for a short while.","(2,955), the United States (2,215), the United Kingdom (841), the Netherlands (658) and France (524). German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle (who was openly gay) attended the opening ceremony on 31 July 2010. The Official Anthem for the 2010 Gay Games is \"Facing a Miracle\" by Taylor Dayne in which she performed live. The event featured 35 sports, accompanied by community and cultural events throughout Cologne and the surrounding area. The 35 disciplines consisted of Badminton, Basketball, Beach-Volleyball, Bodybuilding (Physique), Bowling, Bridge, Chess, Cycling, DanceSport, Diving, Field Hockey, Figure Skating, Golf, Handball, Ice Hockey, Inline Speed Skating, Martial Arts, Pool-Billiards, Powerlifting,","2016 Pacific Rim Gymnastics Championships 10 on NBC from 1–3pm ET. Additionally, 2008 Olympians Samantha Peszek and Jonathan Horton, along with Evan Heiter, presented live YouTube coverage of the competition. Tickets for the event went on general public release on November 7, 2015. At present, these are the confirmed nations that will participate in the competition: On December 17, 2015, USA Gymnastics revealed that Simone Biles would compete for the U.S. at the competition. Later, on April 3, 2016, USA Gymnastics announced the U.S.'s team; Simone Biles, Brenna Dowell, Laurie Hernandez, Ashton Locklear, Maggie Nichols and Aly Raisman. On April 5, 2016, USA Gymnastics announced","Artistic gymnastics the event finals. The compulsories were routines that were developed and choreographed by the FIG Technical Committee. They were performed on the first day of the team competition. Every single elite gymnast in every single FIG member nation performed the same exercises. The dance and tumbling skills of compulsory routines were generally less difficult than those of the optionals, but heavily emphasized perfect technique, form and execution. Scoring was exacting, with judges taking deductions for even slight deviations from the required choreography. For this reason, many gymnasts and coaches considered compulsories more challenging to perform than optionals. Compulsories were eliminated","to men until 1934. Since that time, two branches of artistic gymnastics have developed: women's artistic gymnastics (WAG) and men's artistic gymnastics (MAG). Unlike men's and women's branches of many other sports, WAG and MAG differ significantly in apparatus used at major competitions and in techniques. Women's gymnastics entered the Olympics as a team event in 1928 and was included in the twelfth gymnastics world championships in 1950. Individual women were recognized in the all-around as early as the tenth world championships in 1934. Two years after the full women's program (all-around and all four event finals) was introduced at","2018 Sukma Games programme. Finalised calendar. The deaf national games known as the 2018 Sopma Games (20th Sopma Games) was held from 15 to 20 October 2018. The opening ceremony was held on 15 October 2018 at 7 pm, while the closing ceremony was held on 20 October 2018 at 7 pm. 551 athletes from 13 states and the federal territories participated at the games. 42 events were featured in 5 sports competed. The following venues were used for the 2018 Sopma Games. <div align=\"center\"> </div align=\"center\"> The disabled national games known as the 2018 Para Sukma Games (19th Para Sukma Games) was","2010 Winter Olympics closing ceremony accident at the Whistler Sliding Centre on February 12, in his comments, stating his condolences for the country of Georgia, and that his memory \"will always be with us.\" John Furlong, chair of VANOC, also spoke. Neil Young sang \"Long May You Run\" while the Olympic flame was extinguished in both the indoor and outdoor cauldrons. After both flames were extinguished, all four legs of the indoor cauldron descended to the ground. William Shatner, Michael J. Fox and Catherine O'Hara came onto the stadium floor and delivered comedic monologues playing on stereotypes of Canadians. O'Hara's section involved the tendency of","2018 Commonwealth Games closing ceremony and is the youngest ever to win the competition. Australian singer Ricki-Lee Coutler performed her song \"All We Need is Love\". She also performed in the opening ceremony with her song \"Technicolor Love\". After her, Australian boy group The Koi Boys gave a performance. Anthony Callea performed the song \"You Should Be Dancing\" originally by the Bee Gees. After him, Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt appeared as DJ along with Games mascot Borobi in the middle of the stage. GOLDOC chairman Peter Beattie gave a speech: He also praised the athletes, volunteers, the CGF and wished good luck to the Birmingham","Korean Unification Flag Universiade in Daegu, South Korea; the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece; the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy; the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar; and the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea. However, the two countries competed separately in sporting events. The flag was not used in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. Not only was a unified team shelved, but the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (BOCOG)'s plan to make the two Korean teams enter consecutively during the opening ceremony was rejected due to opposition by the North Korean delegation at the last","Adiós Nonino The music has been used by several prominent figure skaters for their programs. Chen Lu used it as her short program music in the 1997–98 figure skating season, which included her 1998 Winter Olympics bronze medal performance. The 2010 and 2018 Olympic Champions, Canadian ice dancers Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir used the piece for their free dance for the 2004-05 season, making them winning the silver medal at the 2005 World Junior Figure Skating Championships. Jeffrey Buttle used it as his short program music for the 2006–07 and 2007–08 figure skating seasons, which included his 2008 World Championship win.","As of May 2018, there are 31 members in the troupe. They are based in Götzis, a town in the highly populated Rhine valley in the west of Austria. Zurcaroh represented Austria at World Gymnaestrada in Helsinki in July 2015; the event is held every four years. Zurcaroh earned a golden buzzer from David Ginola on season 12 of La France a un incroyable talent (France has incredible talent), warranting their participation in the finals. The group performed on the first show of season 13 of America's Got Talent. The act consisted of \"daring acrobatics and precise synchronicity.\" Afterwards, each","first held in February 1980 to commemorate the founding of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana In Germany, Friedrich Ludwig Jahn developed an efficient gymnastics method called Massenturnen. For propagating Massenturnen, Germany started Massenturnen show (). Mass games developed alongside 19th century nationalist movements, particularly the Czech Sokol movement. In Romania, the communist government organized compulsory mass games after Communist Party leader Nicolae Ceauşescu and his wife had visited the People's Republic of China and saw such games there. These were the hardest working days of the year since every individual was required to participate along with his fellow workers. Being","\"done in official powerlifting meets\" Powerlifting gym records (unofficial): \"done in the gym (based on video footage)\" Siamand Rahman Siamand Rahman (, , born March 22, 1989 in Oshnaviyeh, Iran) is an Iranian Paralympic powerlifter. He won gold medals at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio and the 2010 Asian Para Games in Guangzhou. He is the current IPC Powerlifting World Record holder in the +107 kg category with a bench press and also holds the junior world record with and the Paralympic Championship Record with . Rahman began his career in Oshnavieh, Iran, supported","2010 Summer Youth Olympics medal table Netherlands Antilles won their last-ever Olympic medal as the country was dissolved two months after the Games. The Singapore Youth Olympic Games Organising Committee (SYOGOC) did not keep an official medal tally. The ranking in this table is based on information provided by the IOC and is consistent with IOC convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won (in this context, a \"nation\" is an entity represented by an NOC). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the","1978 Asian Games The 8th Asian Games () were held from December 9 to 20, 1978, in Bangkok, Thailand. Originally, the host city was Singapore but Singapore dropped its plan to host the Games due to financial problems. Then Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan was decided to host the 8th Games. But Islamabad also dropped its plan to host the Asian Games due to conflicts with Bangladesh and India. Thailand offered to help and the Asiad therefore was held in Bangkok. On the political front, Israel was expelled from the Asian Games. A total number of 3,842 athletes, coming from","Japanizi: Going, Going, Gong! Japanizi \"Going, Going, Gong!\" (\"ゴーイング、ゴーイング、ゴング！\") is a Canadian children's physical game show with a Japanese motif where contestants compete with a teammate against other teams as they tackle obstacles and challenges to test their mental capabilities, strength, endurance, and smarts. The series first aired on YTV starting November 5, 2013 and in the United States on Disney XD as of November 4, 2013. Yoshi Amao hosts, with Masayuki Hashimoto as \"Judge Masa\". The show's characters include a group of ninjas led by the English-translator ninja Shinobi; and Glasses Man, who is one of the audience members.","Philippines at the 2018 Asian Games The Philippines participated at the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia from 18 August to 2 September 2018. The country won 21 medals (4 gold, 2 silver, and 15 bronze) to finish 19th overall in the medal tally of the games; an improvement from 22nd place placement of the country in the previous 2014 edition. However this came short of the 15th place target set by officials who deemed the actual placement as acceptable. Two of the Philippines' gold medal came from golf, while the other two came from weightlifting and skateboarding.","restaged the seminal Set and Reset, choreographed by Trisha Brown in 1983. Retitled Set and Reset/Reset, this reworking reprocessed rather than replicated the original version. The piece was performed again in 2016, this time directed by Abigail Yager a former dancer with the Trisha Brown Dance Company. In 2008 Candoco took part in the Handover Ceremonies at the Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Games, representing Britain. It was the first time disabled artists were present in both events in the history of the games. The company performed at both the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London.","Superstars of Dance Dance\" aired on January 19, 2009. The other three groups, the other three duets, and the other four soloists: The Australian Dance Theatre and The Irish team were tied in 3rd place with 62 points going into the first elimination. Since only 3 could advance, a tiebreaking vote was called for from the six countries not involved. The Australian Dance Theater won five votes from Argentina, India, South Africa, USA, and Russia. The Irish won one vote from China. Every performance is counted toward a country's overall standing, thus countries with multiple contestants advancing through the competition have a substantial","Magnificent Seven (gymnastics) The Magnificent Seven was the 1996 United States Olympic women's gymnastics team that won the first ever gold medal for the United States in the women's team competition at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. The seven members of the team were Shannon Miller, Dominique Moceanu, Dominique Dawes, Kerri Strug, Amy Chow, Amanda Borden, and Jaycie Phelps. Miller, Dawes and Chow also won individual medals in Atlanta. The team is perhaps best known for Strug sticking the landing of a vault to clinch the gold medal while injured. The leader of the Magnificent Seven is often said","South Korea, the eventual winner. Following the 2006 military coup in Thailand, there was speculation that the military government would switch Thailand's candidate from Surakiart to Surin. On 18 June 2007, the Thai cabinet unanimously endorsed the recommendation of the Thai Foreign Ministry that Surin Pitsuwan be nominated as the Thai candidate for Secretary-General of ASEAN. He was confirmed by the ASEAN Foreign Ministers during their 40th annual meeting in Manila in July 2007 and succeeded Ong Keng Yong from Singapore on 1 January 2008. His term of office was five years. \"The Economist\" magazine, commenting that most secretaries-general are","games in the Spanish capital of Madrid from September 15 to 22. Over 1,400 athletes from 74 nations participated in the competition, which was sponsored by the Association Nacional Prestura de Servicio (ANDE) and sanctioned by the International Coordinating Committee of World Sport Organizations for the Disabled and the International Association of Sport for the Mentally Handicapped. The games featured a cultural exchange group, a group of intellectually disabled men from Nagasaki who played taiko (traditional drums) during the opening and closing ceremonies and selected track events. 1992 Summer Paralympics The 1992 Summer Paralympics (; ) were the ninth Paralympic","events in all for the Games were included in the final list approved by the SEAGF on 14 July 2016. Winter sports were introduced for the first time in Games history. The 2017 Southeast Asian Games featured 404 events, resulting in 404 medal sets to be distributed. Two additional gold medals were awarded as there were first-place ties in women's high jump and men's pommel horse. As a consequence, no silver medal was awarded in these events. Two bronze medals were awarded in some events: most events in martial arts (6 in boxing, 6 in judo, 15 in karate, 5","2008 Summer Olympics opening ceremony \"huabiao\" (S: 华表, T: 華表, P: \"Huábiǎo\") emerged and stretched skyward, with the performers dancing to the ancient tune \"Chūnjiāng Huā Yuèyè\" (春江花月夜), as pink and orange fireworks were set off overhead. Then followed the modern segment where pianist Lang Lang and five-year-old Li Muzi performed a melody from the \"Yellow River Cantata\". Around the pianists a sea of rainbow-coloured luminescent performers swayed in wave-like unison to suggest the flow of the Yellow River. The illuminated performers, symbolizing modern-day China, then arranged themselves in the shape of the Dove of Peace, which wings were then set into motion as the","2012 ASEAN University Games The 2012 ASEAN University Games officially known as the 16th ASEAN University Games was a Southeast Asian university multi-sports event held in Vientiane, Laos. This was the first time Laos hosted the games. Laos is the eighth nation to host the ASEAN University Games after Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Philippines and Vietnam. The games was held from 12 to 20 December 2012, although several events had commenced from 11 December 2012. Around 1700 athletes participated at the event which featured 240 events in 17 sports. It was opened and closed by Thongsing Thammavong, the Prime","Philippines at the 2016 Summer Olympics Committee has partnered with Asics (Sonak Trading) as the official apparel outfitter of the Philippine delegation in the Olympics. The Philippines was the seventy-fifth country (based in the Portuguese language) to walk in the parade of nations rites during the opening ceremonies of the 2016 Summer Olympics on 5 August 2016. Table tennis player Ian Lariba, was named as the Philippine delegation's flagbearer for the Rio Olympic opening ceremony. Taekwando jin Kirstie Alora took over carrying the flag from Lariba, when the delegation passed the VIP grandstand. Filipino athletes have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events","Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Mixed team The mixed team event of badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games was held from 4 October to 8 October 2010 in Siri Fort Sports Complex, New Delhi, India where 20 teams competed in the competition. Defending champions, Malaysia, won the gold medal for the second time in a row. They repeated this victory four years later at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. India took their first silver in the mixed team event and England settled for bronze. Five pots arranged during the draw, with pot 1 is strongest, while pot","2018 Commonwealth Games closing ceremony The closing ceremony for the 2018 Commonwealth Games was held on 15 April 2018 in the Carrara stadium, Gold Coast. The worldwide broadcast began at 20:30 and finished at 22:30 AEST, lasting almost two hours. The closing ceremony started with a performance of Australian singer Amy Shark. She performed the song \"Let Love Rule\". She then introduced Australian musician Archie Roach and together with the youth choir continued the performance. Then thirteen year old poet Soli Raphael recited a poem about the Games. He is known for winning the Australian Poetry Slam competition in 2017","two circles in an upward motion which represents the unity among the people from different races and background and unity of athletes including disabled athletes for success as in the slogan, \"Unity in Diversity\" and the celebration for successful athletes. Similar to the 2016 Sukma Games, the official mascots of the 2016 Malaysian Paralympiad is a pair of hornbills named Satria (male) and Satrina (female) respectively. It is said that Sarawak is known by many as \"Bumi Kenyalang\" or the \"Land of the Hornbills\". The mascots were designed in 3D to give them a more realistic appeal. Designers of the","Artistic gymnastics in the United States final and Aly Raisman was crowned Floor champion, as well as winning a bronze medal on Balance beam. In the men's competition, the team placed fifth in the team final. Danell Leyva was the only individual medalist for the U.S. men, winning a bronze in the individual all-around final. Currently, the United States is ranked second in the medal table for artistic gymnastics, behind the Soviet Union. The United States is ranked first in the medal table for currently active NOCs. USA Gymnastics has four national teams; Two for women (Junior and Senior) and two for men (Junior and Senior).","East West Theatre Company Singapore Arts Festival, Les Ballet C de la B, legendary contemporary dance company and Flota Institute from Slovenia. Since the May 2010 opening, the show has been performed fifteen times on three continents (Europe, Asia and Africa). The artists coming from four continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia) and seven countries (Italy, Slovenia, Singapore, Burkina Faso, Bosnia and Herzegovina, China and Australia) gathered to work on the project. Reuters, British Guardian, Channel News Asia, CNN Mexico, China Daily, India Times, Daily News Pakistan, ABC News and media in Italy, Spain, Australia, Singapore and Indonesia wrote extensively about the show. \"Football, Football\"","now governed by ISTAF, the International Sepak Takraw Federation. Major competitions for the sport such as the ISTAF SuperSeries, the ISTAF World Cup and the King's Cup World Championships are held every year. Sepak takraw is now a regular sport event in the Asian Games and the Southeast Asian Games. Sepak takraw has been a sport at the Asian Games since 1990 with Thailand securing the highest number of gold medals. The Lao people first brought sepak takraw into Canada when they immigrated as refugees in the 1970s. But the game got exposure outside the Laotian communities and really started","117th IOC Session held at the Esplanade - Theatres on the Bay and the guest of honour was the Prime Minister of Singapore, Lee Hsien Loong, who officially opened the session. A special type of hybrid orchid had been bred to commemorate the IOC Session in Singapore. It was named Vanda IOC. A cultural performance of dance and songs was held with the theme of \"One Voice, One Rhythm, One World\". Each of the five bid cities had 45 minutes to make a final presentation to the IOC members, after which voting commenced and the final results were announcenced at 19:30 Singapore time.","World Mind Sports Games The World Mind Sports Games (WMSG) is a quadrennial multi-sport event created by the International Mind Sports Association (IMSA) as a \"stepping stone on the path of introducing a third kind of Olympic Games (after the Summer and the Winter Olympics)\". The inaugural 2008 World Mind Sports Games were held in Beijing from October 3 to 18, about two months after the Summer Olympics and one month after the Paralympics. Five mind sports participated in the first Games: bridge, chess, draughts (checkers), go (weiqi), and xiangqi (Chinese chess). Thirty-five gold medals were contested by 2,763 competitors","Aliya Mustafina Aliya Farkhatovna Mustafina ( ; ; born 30 September 1994) is an artistic gymnast from Russia. She is the 2010 world champion in the all-around, the 2012 and 2016 Olympic uneven bars champion, and a seven-time Olympic medalist. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, Mustafina won four medals, making her the most decorated gymnast of the competition and the most decorated athlete in any sport except swimming. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, she became the first female gymnast since Simona Amânar in 2000 to win an all-around medal in two consecutive Olympics, and the first since Svetlana Khorkina (also","Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization The Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO) is an inter-governmental organization operated as a non-profit independent body with full international legal status. It is headquartered in Beijing, People's Republic of China. Members include agencies from: Bangladesh, China, Iran, Mongolia, Pakistan, Peru, and Thailand. Indonesia and Turkey also signed the APSCO convention. In 2005, the APSCO convention was signed in Beijing. Representatives from Argentina, Malaysia, the Philippines, Russia and Sri Lanka also attended the founding ceremony. Its stated objectives are: As of 2010, the organization has defined 10 projects on designing, building and launching light satellites, middle class","(form, body position and final landing) and one for the degree of difficulty (number of somersaults and twists etc.). The top and bottom execution scores are dropped and the remaining three added to the difficulty score to give the total for the pass. Holly Alyssa Ludwig Tumbling (gymnastics) Tumbling, also known as power tumbling, is a gymnastics sporting discipline which combines skills of artistic gymnastics with those of trampolining. It is sometimes practiced on a 25-meter-long spring track. Tumbling, which originated for entertainment purposes, is now codified, regulated, judged, and performed using standardized special acrobatic equipment. Competitors, both male and","2014 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships feel for the competition equipment on a raised surface. In April 2013, the mascots Nannan (male) and Ningning (female) were unveiled as the official mascots of the event. In the men's all-around final, only two gymnasts per country can compete. Ryohei Kato and Shogo Nonomura of Japan, Lin Chaopan of China, Max Whitlock and Daniel Keatings of Great Britain, and Nikita Ignatyev of Russia were among those who had earned scores in the qualification round high enough to qualify for the individual all-around final, but could not compete due to the two-per-country rule. On October 8, Nile Wilson withdrew from","2000 Summer Olympics national flag bearers Democratic Republic of Congo entered with its full name. Iran, Micronesia, Moldova, Laos, Brunei and the United States all entered under their formal names, respectively \"Islamic Republic of Iran\", \"Federated States of Micronesia\", \"Republic of Moldova\", \"Lao People's Democratic Republic\", \"Brunei Darussalam\" and \"United States of America\". A record of 199 nations entered the stadium with the exception of Afghanistan, a nation which was banned by IOC in 1999 because of the extremist rule of the Taliban's oppression on women and its sports. The parade of nations also featured a unified entrance by the athletes of the North and South","2010 Asian Junior Athletics Championships ceremonies, was broadcast live on Vietnamese carrier VTV3. China was easily the most successful nation, topping the medal tally with thirteen gold medals and 26 medals in total. Kazakhstan initially had the second greatest number of winners, with 5 of their eight medals being gold medals, but positive doping tests later reduced them to eighth in the ranking. Second-placed Japan (with four golds) had a much larger overall haul, taking 22 medals at the competition. Chinese Taipei placed third with four golds and thirteen medals in total, while India had the third highest medal tally, with fourteen medals. Among the","little lower body movement, with the exception of moving one's hips, stepping in place, and jumping or hopping. Some routines feature more complex leg movements. Routines are generally choreographed by groups affiliated with popular clubs in Japan (see below). Fans of Para Para often refer to themselves as \"Paralists\" and include official and unofficial teams of dancers in Japan, Chile, Brazil, Spain, The United States, Canada, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Finland, and several other countries. Some teams are recognized by major Japanese music labels such as Avex and have been featured in Japanese media such as the magazine \"Egg\". Para Para","Fuwa The Fuwa (; literally \"good-luck dolls\", also known as \"Friendlies\") were the mascots of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. The designs were created by Han Meilin, a famous Chinese artist. The designs were publicly announced by the National Society of Chinese Classic Literature Studies on 11 November 2005 at an event marking the 1000th day before the opening of the games. There are five Fuwas: Beibei, Jingjing, Huanhuan, Yingying and Nini. Together, the names form the sentence \"\", or \"Beijing huanying ni,\" which means \"Beijing welcomes you\". Originally named 'The Friendlies', they were promoted as 'Fuwa' when concerns","2015 Palarong Pambansa with 98 gold medals, 67 silver medals, and 71 bronze medals, followed by archrivals STCAA (51G-41S-49B) and WVRAA (42G-48S-41B). WVRAA, CARAA, and RIAA had the most medals in the Demonstration Games, while WVRAA, STCAA, and DavRAA led the Special Games medal tally. Final and official result as of May 9, 2015, 13:30 PST (UTC+8) Final and official result as of May 9, 2015, 12:00 PST (UTC+8) Final and official result as of May 9, 2015 12:00 PST (UTC+8) Special awards were given by the Department of Education and the Provincial Government of Davao del Norte. Cash prizes amounting from PHP10,000","display on the CN Tower. 2015 Pan American Games closing ceremony The closing ceremony of the 2015 Pan American Games took place on Sunday July 26, 2015, beginning at 8:00 p.m. EDT at the Rogers Centre (Pan Am Dome) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The closing ceremony was produced and directed jointly by three companies B5C Productions, BaAM Productions and FiveCurrents. The tickets for the ceremony ranged between and . In 2014 Live Nation was announced as a sponsor of the games; organizers stated that the company would leverage its resources to invite Canadian and international acts to perform at the","and sometimes pushed by coaches to maintain a lower than normal bodyweight. Artistic gymnastics Artistic gymnastics is a discipline of gymnastics in which athletes perform short routines (ranging from approximately 30 to 90 seconds) on different apparatuses, with less time for vaulting. The sport is governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG), which designs the Code of Points and regulates all aspects of international elite competition. Within individual countries, gymnastics is regulated by national federations, such as Gymnastics Canada in Canada, British Gymnastics in the United Kingdom and USA Gymnastics in the United States. Artistic gymnastics is a popular","Marionette (show) Marionette is a 90-minutes non-verbal breakdancing performance, created and performed by a South Korean breakdancing group Expression. The name Marionette comes from the French word marionette, a type of puppet moved by using strings. Like the name suggest, the show Marionette features the performers imitating and dancing as a puppeteer and his puppets. Marionette was first performed in South Korea, early 2006, at Korean Lotte Theme Park. When it was first premiered, it brought international attention. Many countries invited Expression to perform Marionette, and Expression soon began a world Marionette tour. This international success also brought people's attention","on the Canadian Albums Chart. \"Un peu plus haut, un peu plus loin\", performed by Garou is the only track from the opening ceremony included. 2010 Winter Olympics closing ceremony The closing ceremony of the 2010 Winter Olympics took place on February 28, 2010, beginning at 5:30 pm PST (01:30 UTC, March 1) at BC Place Stadium in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was the first Olympic Closing Ceremony held in an indoor venue since the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo. The production's director David Atkins previously directed the Sydney 2000 Olympic and the 2006 Doha Asian Games ceremonies. The","2010 Winter Paralympics opening ceremony former Paralympian. Mari Klassen signed the anthem in American Sign Language (ASL). Hundreds of children stood in the shape of a maple leaf in a formation. The participating countries marched in, with Andorra coming first, and the nations entered in alphabetical order of their country names in English, and ending with the host nation, Canada. Canada has the greatest number of athletes with 55. The flag was carried into the stadium. It was then transferred to members of the Canadian Forces' Soldier On program: Sgt. Karen McCoy, and Master Cpl. Mike Trauner, who then raised the flag. Canadian ice sledge","2013 Asian Youth Para Games mousedeer is a native animal in Malaysia locally known as pelanduk or kancil which is shy, but very agile and quick thinking. It is a favourite character in local folktales commonly known as \"Sang Kancil\", noted for its intelligence, wit, cunning feints and quick reaction to escape from all kinds of danger, especially from its enemies. The adoption of mousedeer as the games mascot is to represent the courage of the Paralympic athletes in overcoming challenges and the odds. The name of the mascot, Ujang is a common nickname for local Malay youths. Host nation (Malaysia) 2013 Asian Youth Para","Rhythmic Gymnastics Grand Prix Series 1997, and later in four apparatus, each year, since 1998 up to the present edition, in 2017. Grand Prix stages have also hosted a number of rhythmic gymnastics group events, being considered part of the official Grand Prix Series. However, even some Grand Prix Final events had had group events, these were not officially considered part of the Grand Prix Final event, since this event crowns only the overall winners of the individual events. As of 2016, gymnasts from countries in Europe and Asia, including Russia, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, have won medals at the Grand Prix Final tournament. Gymnasts","2014 Winter Olympics closing ceremony The closing ceremony of the 2014 Winter Olympics was held on 23 February 2014 from 20:14 to 22:25 MSK () at the Fisht Olympic Stadium in Sochi, Russia. It was designed to show Russian culture, through a European perspective, and featured performances by Yuri Bashmet, Valery Gergiev, Denis Matsuev, Hibla Gerzmava, and Tatiana Samouil, among others. The closing program presented \"Reflections of Russia\"; that is, highlights of Russian culture, presented through a European perspective. It was directed by Daniele Finzi Pasca. Konstantin Ernst served as creative director and Andrei Nasonovskiy was the executive producer. Throughout","the Melbourne Games in Melbourne. The body was founded on 8 September 1949 as the Australian Gymnastic Federation. Affiliation was accepted by the Australian Olympic Federation in 1951 and by the International Federation of Gymnastics in 1954. In 1999, the AGF changed to its current name of Gymnastics Australia. Gymnastics Australia runs a head office in Melbourne, Victoria, and is the representative body to FIG. Gymnastics Australia coordinates and provides gymnastics for Australians through eight Association Members: Gymnastics Australia sets the routines and routine guidelines for the National Levels Program which are used by gymnasts around the country. Prominent gymnastics","2010 Summer Youth Olympics torch relay international leg, the torch arrived in host city Singapore on 6 August 2010 for the domestic leg. The torch traversed the five cities, representing the five continents of the world: Europe, Africa, Americas, Oceania and Asia, in the given order. A number of famous athletes, leaders, and media personalities were involved the torch relay. Notably, a schoolboy, Low Wei Jie, who was not part of the torch relay was given the opportunity to bear the torch after local newspaper reports of him having following the torch in the rain throughout the day earlier. The organisers felt that as the games","games were opened by King Bhumibol Adulyadej. The date of the closing ceremony was 20 December, like the previous three games hosted by Thailand. The Asian Games Movement uses symbols to represent the ideals embodied in the Asian Games charter. The Asian Games flag has four editions. All 45 members affiliated to the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) are eligible to take part in the Games. According to membership in the OCA, transcontinental Kazakhstan participates in the Asian Games but Egypt does not, participating in the All-Africa Games instead. Various countries participating in the European Games rather than the Asian","each match are awarded gold, silver and bronze medals. The trophy categories include overall individual champion for each discipline, overall team champion for each discipline, and overall champion in the \"falling plate\" event for each discipline. Indonesia has won the most number of championships since the AARM began in 1991; the Indonesian Army has 13 championships on record, followed by the Royal Thai Army with eight. Malaysia and Singapore have both won three times, while the Philippines was champion once, in 2005. Brunei, Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos have yet to win a championship. ASEAN Armies Rifle Meet The ASEAN Armies","2014 Asian Games October 2014, although several events had commenced from 14 September 2014. Around 9,501 athletes participated in the event which featured 439 events in 36 sports. It was opened by the President of South Korea, Park Geun-hye at the Incheon Asiad Main Stadium. The final medal tally was led by China, followed by host South Korea and Japan, while Cambodia won its' first ever Asian Games gold medal. 14 World and 27 Asian records were broken during the Games. Japanese swimmer Kosuke Hagino was announced as the most valuable player (MVP) of the Games. Though there were several controversies, the Games","2011 Southeast Asian Games at the games which featured 545 events in 42 sports. The games was held from 11 to 22 November 2011, although several events had commenced from 3 November 2011. The games was opened by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, the President of Indonesia at the Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium in Palembang. The final medal tally was led by host Indonesia, followed by Thailand and Vietnam, while Timor-Leste won its first ever Southeast Asian Games gold medal. Several Games and national records were broken during the games. Although there were several controversies, the Games were deemed generally successful with its promotion for conservative effort","2008 Summer Olympics Standard Time (UTC+8), and took place at the Beijing National Stadium. The Ceremony included handover of the Games from Beijing to London. Guo Jinlong, the Mayor of Beijing handed over the Olympic flag to the Mayor of London Boris Johnson, followed by a performance organized by the London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOCOG). This presentation included performances by guitarist Jimmy Page, and recording artist Leona Lewis. Footballer David Beckham was also featured during London's presentation. Of the 204 nations that participated in the 2008 Games, 87 earned medals and 54 of those won at least","Magnificent Seven (gymnastics) competed in the third session, with Russia and China left to compete in the fourth session. Romania had already competed in the first session, so the United States team could only chase their already posted scores. The top four teams would compete in the last session during the optionals. Ultimately, Ukraine, not China, earned this fourth spot along with the United States, Russia, and Romania. With seven athletes on each team for the first and only time, each team (other than Romania who had only six members because of an injury) put their six best team members up on each","2010 Asian Games opening ceremony each country was played when the country marched to the arena. Below is list of national flagbearer during the ceremony. A few people gave welcoming speech, they were: Afterwards, Premier of the People's Republic of China Wen Jiabao declared the Games to be officially open, making him the first and as of 2018 only non-head of state to open the Asian Games. It was followed was a large scale of fireworks erupt from the Canton Tower and Pearl River delta once again. Sun Nan and Mao Amin then performed the official theme song \"Reunion\" (重逢), and flag of OCA was","since it was first imported to the country. Currently, MRG and women's rhythmic gymnastics are both under the umbrella of Japan Gymnastics Association and major competitions are often held at the same venue. Men's RG consists of two types of events: group events of 6 people (freehand or no apparatus) and individual events using apparatus (stick, rings, rope and clubs). Both group and individual events are performed on a spring floor, allowing gymnasts to do various kinds of tumbling during their performance. For individual performances, a gymnast manipulates one or two pieces of apparatus (double rings, stick, clubs, rope) to","\"Sky, Earth, and Human Beings\" (), was unveiled in July 2004, a multicolored Chinese character \"之\" () stylized as an athletic figure in motion. Its red, blue and green colors represent sun, sky and earth. The slogan was the same as the 2008 Summer Olympics, \"One World, One Dream\". The mascot was a cartoon cow named Fu Niu Lele (), roughly meaning \"Lucky Ox 'Happy'\". The theme song was \"Flying with the Dream\" . It was performed by Chinese-Tibetan singer Han Hong and Hong Kong singer and actor Andy Lau. The torch relay of the 2008 Summer Paralympics started from","2010 Commonwealth Games from a non-Commonwealth nation. The three head of states were Mohamed Nasheed, President of the Maldives, Marcus Stephen, President of Nauru and a multiple Commonwealth gold medallist, and Albert II, Prince of Monaco, representing the International Olympic Committee. As well, Sir Anand Satyanand, the Governor General of New Zealand, attended the ceremony. The closing ceremony featuring both Indian and Scottish performers. The closing ceremony was not as well received as the opening ceremony. The Commonwealth Games flag was handed over to representatives of Glasgow, Scotland, which hosted the XX Commonwealth Games in 2014. At the closing ceremony, the President of","2008 Summer Olympics the United States. Russia entered the third largest team, with 467 athletes. More than 100 sovereigns, heads of state and heads of government as well as 170 Ministers of Sport attended the Beijing Olympic Games. Athletes from the Republic of China (Taiwan) competed at the 2008 Games as Chinese Taipei (TPE) under the Chinese Taipei Olympic flag and used the National Banner Song as their official anthem. The participation of Taiwan was briefly in doubt because of disagreements over the name of their team in the Chinese language and concerns about Taiwan marching in the Opening Ceremony next to the","2018 Asian Para Games opening and closing ceremonies of \"Asian Para Games\". A dance performance featured the fire, rain, ocean and fisherman was held which later revealed the word sign \"DISABILITY\" on the stage. It represents the challenges a disabled person faced in the society. A wheelchair girl named Bulan Karunia showed up at the stadium with a box containing the message of her and her friends to President Joko Widodo. The president, then, walked down onto the stage to meet her and opened the box which later revealed to contain the letter block that reads \"Ability\" in capital letters. Along with her and an archer named Abdul","2018 Asian Games closing ceremony earthquakes struck weeks earlier. Vice President Kalla delivered a bilingual speech, while Sheikh Al-Sabah officially closed the Games. Through the president of the Chinese Olympic Committee Gou Zhongwen, Mayor of Hangzhou Xu Liyi received the Games torch, the first Games flag and the OCA flag from Jakarta Governor Anies Baswedan, South Sumatra Governor Alex Noerdin, and Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Cultural Affairs Puan Maharani, respectively. Chinese multinational holding conglomerate Alibaba founder Jack Ma and gold medal-winning swimmer Sun Yang promoted their birth city Hangzhou, as the city will host the 2022 Asian Games. The closing ceremony featured tattoo-style","concerns and speculation that the free-fall performances may be cancelled. The Ministry of Defence however issued a reassurance that the show would carry on. Singapore Armed Forces Parachute Team The Singapore Armed Forces Parachute Team (SAFPT) is best known for its free-fall displays at the annual National Day Parade held in Singapore since its first appearance in 1989 as a formalised team, although members of the Singapore Commandos Formation had put on sporadic displays since the 1970s. Primarily responsible for organising display jumps and representing the Singapore Armed Forces in competitions, the team adopted the name Red Lions in 1996","2008 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony traveling bag full of mountains, rivers and lands of the whole world. A display of 750 performers form birds and swans with their hands. On the blue backdrop it appears as birds or animals in the sky. Liu Qi, head of the Beijing Organizing Committee accompanies Philip Craven, president of the IPC, to the podium to give an address. Paramount leader Hu Jintao then declares the Paralympics games opened at 22:36 Beijing time. After a performance of the theme song \"Flying with the Dream\" by Han Hong and Andy Lau, the Paralympic flag was raised and the Paralympic anthem played.","2010 Summer Youth Olympics signatures. Eleven cities expressed interest in hosting the Games, nine of which ultimately applied. Five cities amongst the nine were selected for the shortlist: Athens (Greece), Bangkok (Thailand), Moscow (Russia), Singapore, and Turin (Italy). The list was further shortened to two finalists, Singapore and Moscow. On 2008, Rogge announced that Singapore had won the postal vote 53-44 and was thus selected as the host for the Games. There were concerns over whether two new venues that had been planned – a Youth Olympic Village and an equestrian complex – would be ready in time for the Games. A construction expert","Para Games, only a video promoting tourism and featured disabled athletes in the Philippines was presented instead of a grand presentation for the next host country. Preparations for the Philippines' hosting of the 10th ASEAN Para Games officially began by April 2018. Then-Secretary of Foreign Affairs Alan Peter Cayetano is serving as the chairman of the 10th ASEAN Para Games organizing committee. Just like the 2019 Southeast Asian Games, the 2020 ASEAN Para Games will be hosted in three named hubs; Subic, Manila, and Clark. The list of the sports for ASEAN Paralympic Games may change according to the Paralympic","2010 Commonwealth Games closing ceremony of Delhi, Tejinder Khanna. He in turn handed over it to Robert Winter. The Flag finally passed to the Lord Smith of Kelvin. He called upon the Commonwealth nations to visit Glasgow in 2014. First a short video showcasing Scotland's landscapes, people, architecture and culture was played. Next, 352 performers from Scotland performed in a 10-minute segment displaying Scottish culture. The performance began with a lone piper dressed in the Scottish traditional dress but soon a giant structure was inflated and a scene of the Clyde Auditorium, popularly known as the \"Armadillo\", along with the Clyde Arc Bridge and the","Asian Games in Busan on the same horse. This is the eighth death linked to the 2006 Asian Games, and the first involving an athlete. The closing ceremony featured the Arabic stories of a thousand years ago. It started with the same young boy as the \"Seeker\" in the opening ceremony. He flew on a \"magic carpet\" to a book of Arabian stories. \"\"A Thousand and One Nights\"\" featured stories such as \"Haroun Al-Raschid and the Dervish\", \"Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves\", \"Sinbad the Sailor\" and \"Aladdin and his Marvellous Lamp\". The show used an array of dancers, horses,","Games and 2017 Southeast Asian Games. Nations that competed in the tournament were Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Philippines (2007) and Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand (2017). The 2007 tournament's gold medal was won by the Malaysian team, followed by Singapore with silver and Thailand with bronze while the 2017 tournament's gold medal was won by Malaysia, followed by Thailand with silver and Brunei with bronze. The traditional or 'free style' \"Polo\" or \"Pulu\" of Northern Pakistan is still played very avidly in its native region, and the annual Shandur Polo Festival at Shandur Top in Chitral District. It is","by Jusuf Kalla, the vice-president of Indonesia. The closing ceremony was held at 19:00 on 22 December 2014 at the Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium. The games was closed by Imam Nahrawi, the minister of youth and sports of Indonesia and the ASEAN University Games responsibility was officially handed over to Singapore, host of the 2016 ASEAN University Games. The 2014 ASEAN University Games programme featured 497 events in 18 sports and disciplines. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. A total of 1514 medals comprising 504 Gold medals, 503 Silver medals and 507 Bronze medals were awarded","2006 FESPIC Games stadium. The final medal tally was led by China, followed by Thailand, South Korea, and host Malaysia. Several games and national records were broken during the games. The games were deemed generally successful with the rising standard of disabled sports competition among the Pacific and Asian nations for other active sports tournaments. With the games concluded, the FESPIC organisation was officially defunct, and since then, the Asian Countries participate at the Asian Para Games held after every Asian Games, beginning with the 2010 Asian Para Games in Guangzhou, China. In 1999, Malaysia, New Zealand and Hong Kong formally submitted the","Venues of the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics Youth Olympic Games Organising Committee (SYOGOC) organised the Games, which the city-state of Singapore won the bid to host on 21 February 2008. The Singapore Turf Club Riding Centre was the only venue constructed for the Games. Certain venues such as the Singapore Indoor Stadium and The Float@Marina Bay were temporarily converted to host certain sports and events, while the Kallang Field was upgraded to be able to host the archery competition. The Float@Marina Bay, the world's largest floating stage, was the main venue for the Games, hosting the opening and closing ceremonies. It was also the largest venue in","2018 Asian Para Games opening and closing ceremonies The 2018 Asian Para Games opening ceremony was held on Saturday, 6 October 2018 at the Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium in Jakarta, Indonesia. The closing ceremony was held exactly a week later; Saturday, 13 October 2018 at the nearby, far smaller Gelora Bung Karno Madya Stadium. Both ceremonies were started on 19:00 local time () and ended around 22:00. The opening ceremony of the 2018 Asian Para Games took place on Saturday, 6 October 2018, at the Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium in Jakarta, Indonesia. The event commenced at 19:00 and","it. In Czechoslovakia (country name of that time), large-scale gymnastic formation of thousands of figurants was exhibited up to 1985. In Japan, gymnastic formation of hundreds of figurants is performed up to the present in annual sports festival of schools. Up to the end of the 20th century, gymnastic formation was practiced in many organizations of the world. However, in the 21st century large-scale gymnastic becomes less exhibited. Today, it is seem in limited countries and territories, such as Hong Kong, Malaysia, Brazil, Philippines, and North Korea. The former four are civil events and the latter is a national governmental","2010 Commonwealth Games closing ceremony The closing ceremony of the 2010 Commonwealth Games was held at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, the main stadium of the event, in New Delhi, India. It began at 7:00 pm (IST) on 14 October 2010 and ended at 9:20 pm (IST). The ceremony included display of martial arts from a number of states of India followed by musical performances and showcasing the culture of Scotland, which will host the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. Indian national anthem was played in the Jawaharlal Nehru stadium. The cultural programme began with a segment titled \"Agni\", in which","and Malaysian firms while Sportswork manages Malaysian government linked companies There are four tiers of sponsorship depending on the amount of funds a company contributes to the games. Bronze sponsors contributed RM1 million or less, Silver sponsors contributed RM1 to 3 million. Gold sponsors contributed RM3 to 7.5 million and Platinum sponsors contributed RM7.5 to 15 million. A total of 39 sponsors, comprising 6 Platinum sponsors, 6 Gold sponsors, 9 Silver sponsors and 18 Bronze sponsors, contributed to the 2017 ASEAN Para Games. The opening ceremony was held in Bukit Jalil National Stadium on 17 September 2017 at 20:17 MST","Anies Baswedan. A promotional video about the Hangzhou Asian Para Games featuring shots of the city, Jack Ma and disabled athletes was shown. After Majid Rashed officially closed the games, the flame was extinguished by the wayang puppet on shadow projector. In addition to local artists and a Hangzhou Asian Para Games promotional video segment, the South Korean girlband AOA performed in the ceremony. 2018 Asian Para Games opening and closing ceremonies The 2018 Asian Para Games opening ceremony was held on Saturday, 6 October 2018 at the Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium in Jakarta, Indonesia. The closing ceremony was","2018 Asian Para Games opening and closing ceremonies various singers sang the theme song of the games, \"Song of Victory\". All 42 contingents (41 nations and the unified Korea team) participated in the parade, the order begins with Afghanistan and ended with host Indonesia. Each contingent was led by a representative official that wore local traditional costumes with Indonesian floral designs while carrying each country’s name placard. The costume was designed by Chitra Subiyakto. The 2018 Asian Para Games closing ceremony was held on Saturday, 13 October 2018 at the Gelora Bung Karno Madya Stadium in Jakarta. Vice President of Indonesia Jusuf Kalla, and president of the Asian","2009 ASEAN Para Games extinguished. The ASEAN Para Games responsibilities was officially handed over to Indonesia, host of the 2011 ASEAN Para Games, where the Indonesia ambassador received the flag of the ASEAN Para Sports Federation as its symbolisation. The troupe from Kuala Lumpur City Hall, the same troupe who performed at the opening ceremony before, concluded the ceremony with a cultural performance. A total of 936 medals comprising 409 gold medals, 288 silver medals and 239 bronze medals were awarded to athletes. The Host Malaysia's performance was their second best in ASEAN Para Games History and was second behind Thailand as overall champion.","2009 ASEAN Para Games followed by four national paralympians - Nadrul Shakir Nor Zainal (swimming), Marriappan Perumal (powerlifting), Siow Lee Chan (powerlifting) and Mohd Riduan Emeari (athletics) ushering in the Games torch before the cauldron was lit. Finally, a 120-strong gymnastics group from Soka Gakkai entertained the spectators to a gymnastic performance reflecting the spirit of unity, courage and harmony. The closing ceremony was held on Monday, 19 August 2009, beginning at 20:00 MST (UTC+8) at the Putra Indoor Stadium in Kuala Lumpur. The closing ceremony begins with a series of song performance by local Malay singers. After the performance, the best sportsman and"],"string":"[\n \"medals. Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's uneven bars Women's uneven bars competition at the 2008 Summer Olympics was held on August 18 at the Beijing National Indoor Stadium. The eight competitors (with a maximum of two per nation) with the highest scores in qualifying proceeded to the women's uneven bars finals. There, each gymnast performed again; the scores from the final round (ignoring qualification) determined final ranking. The final scores work as per the normal scoring procedure: the A score measures the difficulty of the routine and the B score measures how well it was executed. The\",\n \"the Asian Para Games after making a visit there in July, as the city was awarded as the host city of the 2022 Asian Games on 16 September 2015 by the Olympic Council of Asia. 2022 Asian Para Games The 2022 Asian Para Games, also known as the 4th Asian Para Games, is a multi-sport event that parallels the 2022 Asian Games which will held for Asian athletes with disability in Hangzhou, China. Hangzhou will be the second Chinese city to host the Asian Para Games, after Guangzhou 2010. As is the tradition of the event, since 2010, the Asian\",\n \"of 30.00 (can be higher at Senior FIG level based on difficulty): The events consist of: Most competitions require a balance and dynamic routine for each event, though some will do a single mixed event. The World Championships have been held since 1974. Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios\",\n \"Asian Australian Football Championships reduced numbers and smaller field sizes. In 2015 the tournament was expanded to two divisions, with a 16-a-side first division and a 12-a-side second division. In 2018 the tournament also included a women's division, with a record 21 teams from 13 countries competing. Teams that have competed include the Hong Kong Dragons, Singapore Wombats, Bali Geckos, Brunei Sharks, China Blues, China Reds, Japan Goannas, Philippine Eagles, Indonesian Bintangs/Volcanoes (as a combined Jakarta and Bali side), Jakarta Bintangs, Thailand Tigers, Vietnam Swans, Malaysian Warriors, Dubai Heat, Cambodian Eagles, Lao Elephants, Myanmar Fighting Cocks, PNG Muruks and Macau Lightning. There was an\",\n \"Tabitha Nauser Tabitha Nauser (born 23 February 1992) is a Singaporean pop/R&B singer who was the second runner-up in the 2009 season of \\\"Singapore Idol\\\" (Season 3). In 2010, she was selected to represent the continent of Asia to sing the Official Theme Song of the Singapore 2010 Youth Olympic Games, \\\"Everyone\\\". She collaborated with four other artists, American Sean Kingston (Americas), South African Jody Williams (Africa), British Steve Appleton (Europe), and Australian Jessica Mauboy (Oceania). In late 2016, she released her first single, \\\"Bulletproof\\\". On 29 September 2017, Nauser released the single \\\"Body Language\\\" featuring Malaysian rapper SonaOne. Tabitha\",\n \"MNL48 MNL48 (read \\\"M.N.L. Forty-eight\\\") is a Filipino idol girl group and the fifth international sister group of AKB48, after Indonesia's JKT48, China's SNH48, Thailand's BNK48, and Taiwan's TPE48. The group is named after Manila, the capital of the Philippines. On 26 March 2016, the formations of MNL48, BNK48, and TPE48 were announced. On 13 October 2017, Hallo Hallo Entertainment announced registration and audition tour dates for the group's first generation. On 10 November 2017, Hallo Hallo Entertainment held the first audition for MNL48. In early 2018, a segment was hosted on \\\"It's Showtime\\\" by Anne Curtis, Billy Crawford, and\",\n \"Death of Sarah Guyard-Guillot Sarah \\\"Sasoun\\\" Guyard-Guillot (); (September 12, 1981 – June 29, 2013) was a French acrobat and aerialist who fell to her death during a performance of the Cirque du Soleil show \\\"Kà\\\" at MGM Grand in Paradise, Nevada, on June 29, 2013. \\\"Kà\\\" is a Cirque du Soleil show that plays at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, Nevada. According to the \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\" the show \\\"may well be the most lavish production in the history of Western theater [and] is surely the most technologically advanced.\\\" It features a 360 degree rotating stage and 86\",\n \"Olympic flag because the Kuwait Olympic Committee was suspended due to political interference in January 2010 Thailand led the medal table with 14 gold medals and total of 36 medals. 27 NOCs won at least a single medal with 14 NOCs winning at least a single gold medal, thus leaving 16 NOCs failing to win any medal at the Games. 2010 Asian Beach Games The 2nd Asian Beach Games were held in Muscat, Oman from 8 December 2010 to 16 December 2010. The opening ceremony was held in the Al-Musannah Sports City, Muscat. The relation between the Omani people and\",\n \"2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony as a tribute to aviation was performed. Near the end of this song a human cannonball \\\"died\\\" and out rolled Eric Idle, who sang \\\"Always Look on the Bright Side of Life\\\", accompanied variously by nuns on roller-skates, Morris dancers (Blackheath Morris and Rag Morris), Roman soldiers, Punjabi bhangra musicians dancers (VP Bhangra), and bagpipes (Reading Scottish Pipe Band, led by Pipe Major Ron Paterson) before a human cannonball was fired across the arena. Muse then appeared and proceeded to sing the official song of London 2012, \\\"Survival\\\". In the darkness four trucks with screens on them entered and went\",\n \"song's music video was filmed by Warner Music. In July 2009, the Open Happiness was launched in the Chinese market, where a Chinese version of the song was recorded by Taiwan singer and songwriter Wang Leehom. In 2010, Taiwan singer, A-Mei also recorded a version of the song. The Canadian version of Open Happiness was recorded by Kardinal Offishall, Bedouin Soundclash, and Cœur de pirate. It was used during the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games Torch Relay and at Coca Cola's Pavilion during the games. On October 28, 2009 Monkey Majik released their own Japanese rendition of Open Happiness. A\",\n \"2000 Summer Olympics course that started in North Sydney. The event was won by Ethiopian Genzhnge Abera, with Eric Wananina second and Tesefe Tola, also of Ethiopia third. It was the first time since the 1968 Olympics that an Ethiopian had won the gold medal in this event. The Closing Ceremony commenced with Christine Anu singing her version of the Warumpi Band's song, My Island Home. She performed with several Aboriginal dancers atop the Geodome Stage in the middle of the stadium, around which several hundred umbrella and lampbox kids created an image of Aboriginal dreamtime. The Geodome Stage was used throughout the\",\n \"Indonesia at the 2012 Summer Olympics entries. Other Indonesian athletes won their spots by participating in various qualifying matches around the world. Badminton player and former Olympic gold medalist Taufik Hidayat, who competed at his fourth Olympic games, was the oldest and most experienced athlete of the team. Backstroke swimmer I Gede Siman Sudartawa, the youngest male athlete of the team, was Indonesia's flag bearer at the opening ceremony. Indonesia, however, failed to win an Olympic gold medal for the first time since 1992, leaving London with only a silver and a bronze medal. Weightlifters Eko Yuli Irawan and Triyatno managed to repeat their Olympic medals\",\n \"2001 Goodwill Games The 2001 Goodwill Games was the fifth and final edition of the international multi-sport event. The competition was held in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia from 29 August to 9 September 2001. A total around 1300 athletes took part in 14 sporting competitions. The opening ceremony was held at the Brisbane Entertainment Centre at Boondall and featured The Corrs and Keith Urban. There was a live audience of 10,000 and the ceremony was broadcast live to an international audience of 450 million viewers. The pedestrian and cyclist Goodwill Bridge in Brisbane is named after the games. There were 155\",\n \"2008 Summer Paralympics medal table both the number of NPCs competing and the number of athletes overall. The design of the medals was similar to those awarded in the 2008 Summer Olympics, featuring jade discs inserted into the medals themselves, with different color discs included for the three types of medals. A total of 21 designs were submitted from designers from the China Central Academy of Fine Arts, Tsinghua University and the China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation, with the final design approved in the autumn of 2007. Athletes from a record 76 NPCs won medals, leaving 70 NPCs without a medal. Athletes from Croatia,\",\n \"Michael Christian Martinez 24.Had he advanced, he planned skate to the songs “El Tango de Roxanne” from \\\"Moulin Rouge!\\\" and “Tango de los Exilados” in the free skate program, which were the same songs he used in the 2017 Southeast Asian Games. Despite failing to advance, Tom Carrasco, the \\\"chef de mission\\\" of Philippine delegation to the Games remarked that Martinez did his best given the skater's \\\"condition and circumstances\\\" and the official relayed that Zagor described Martinez's short program as \\\"not a bad performance\\\". After the Pyeongchang stint, Martinez said he will not retire and will just rest for a short while.\",\n \"(2,955), the United States (2,215), the United Kingdom (841), the Netherlands (658) and France (524). German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle (who was openly gay) attended the opening ceremony on 31 July 2010. The Official Anthem for the 2010 Gay Games is \\\"Facing a Miracle\\\" by Taylor Dayne in which she performed live. The event featured 35 sports, accompanied by community and cultural events throughout Cologne and the surrounding area. The 35 disciplines consisted of Badminton, Basketball, Beach-Volleyball, Bodybuilding (Physique), Bowling, Bridge, Chess, Cycling, DanceSport, Diving, Field Hockey, Figure Skating, Golf, Handball, Ice Hockey, Inline Speed Skating, Martial Arts, Pool-Billiards, Powerlifting,\",\n \"2016 Pacific Rim Gymnastics Championships 10 on NBC from 1–3pm ET. Additionally, 2008 Olympians Samantha Peszek and Jonathan Horton, along with Evan Heiter, presented live YouTube coverage of the competition. Tickets for the event went on general public release on November 7, 2015. At present, these are the confirmed nations that will participate in the competition: On December 17, 2015, USA Gymnastics revealed that Simone Biles would compete for the U.S. at the competition. Later, on April 3, 2016, USA Gymnastics announced the U.S.'s team; Simone Biles, Brenna Dowell, Laurie Hernandez, Ashton Locklear, Maggie Nichols and Aly Raisman. On April 5, 2016, USA Gymnastics announced\",\n \"Artistic gymnastics the event finals. The compulsories were routines that were developed and choreographed by the FIG Technical Committee. They were performed on the first day of the team competition. Every single elite gymnast in every single FIG member nation performed the same exercises. The dance and tumbling skills of compulsory routines were generally less difficult than those of the optionals, but heavily emphasized perfect technique, form and execution. Scoring was exacting, with judges taking deductions for even slight deviations from the required choreography. For this reason, many gymnasts and coaches considered compulsories more challenging to perform than optionals. Compulsories were eliminated\",\n \"to men until 1934. Since that time, two branches of artistic gymnastics have developed: women's artistic gymnastics (WAG) and men's artistic gymnastics (MAG). Unlike men's and women's branches of many other sports, WAG and MAG differ significantly in apparatus used at major competitions and in techniques. Women's gymnastics entered the Olympics as a team event in 1928 and was included in the twelfth gymnastics world championships in 1950. Individual women were recognized in the all-around as early as the tenth world championships in 1934. Two years after the full women's program (all-around and all four event finals) was introduced at\",\n \"2018 Sukma Games programme. Finalised calendar. The deaf national games known as the 2018 Sopma Games (20th Sopma Games) was held from 15 to 20 October 2018. The opening ceremony was held on 15 October 2018 at 7 pm, while the closing ceremony was held on 20 October 2018 at 7 pm. 551 athletes from 13 states and the federal territories participated at the games. 42 events were featured in 5 sports competed. The following venues were used for the 2018 Sopma Games. <div align=\\\"center\\\"> </div align=\\\"center\\\"> The disabled national games known as the 2018 Para Sukma Games (19th Para Sukma Games) was\",\n \"2010 Winter Olympics closing ceremony accident at the Whistler Sliding Centre on February 12, in his comments, stating his condolences for the country of Georgia, and that his memory \\\"will always be with us.\\\" John Furlong, chair of VANOC, also spoke. Neil Young sang \\\"Long May You Run\\\" while the Olympic flame was extinguished in both the indoor and outdoor cauldrons. After both flames were extinguished, all four legs of the indoor cauldron descended to the ground. William Shatner, Michael J. Fox and Catherine O'Hara came onto the stadium floor and delivered comedic monologues playing on stereotypes of Canadians. O'Hara's section involved the tendency of\",\n \"2018 Commonwealth Games closing ceremony and is the youngest ever to win the competition. Australian singer Ricki-Lee Coutler performed her song \\\"All We Need is Love\\\". She also performed in the opening ceremony with her song \\\"Technicolor Love\\\". After her, Australian boy group The Koi Boys gave a performance. Anthony Callea performed the song \\\"You Should Be Dancing\\\" originally by the Bee Gees. After him, Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt appeared as DJ along with Games mascot Borobi in the middle of the stage. GOLDOC chairman Peter Beattie gave a speech: He also praised the athletes, volunteers, the CGF and wished good luck to the Birmingham\",\n \"Korean Unification Flag Universiade in Daegu, South Korea; the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece; the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy; the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar; and the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea. However, the two countries competed separately in sporting events. The flag was not used in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. Not only was a unified team shelved, but the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (BOCOG)'s plan to make the two Korean teams enter consecutively during the opening ceremony was rejected due to opposition by the North Korean delegation at the last\",\n \"Adiós Nonino The music has been used by several prominent figure skaters for their programs. Chen Lu used it as her short program music in the 1997–98 figure skating season, which included her 1998 Winter Olympics bronze medal performance. The 2010 and 2018 Olympic Champions, Canadian ice dancers Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir used the piece for their free dance for the 2004-05 season, making them winning the silver medal at the 2005 World Junior Figure Skating Championships. Jeffrey Buttle used it as his short program music for the 2006–07 and 2007–08 figure skating seasons, which included his 2008 World Championship win.\",\n \"As of May 2018, there are 31 members in the troupe. They are based in Götzis, a town in the highly populated Rhine valley in the west of Austria. Zurcaroh represented Austria at World Gymnaestrada in Helsinki in July 2015; the event is held every four years. Zurcaroh earned a golden buzzer from David Ginola on season 12 of La France a un incroyable talent (France has incredible talent), warranting their participation in the finals. The group performed on the first show of season 13 of America's Got Talent. The act consisted of \\\"daring acrobatics and precise synchronicity.\\\" Afterwards, each\",\n \"first held in February 1980 to commemorate the founding of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana In Germany, Friedrich Ludwig Jahn developed an efficient gymnastics method called Massenturnen. For propagating Massenturnen, Germany started Massenturnen show (). Mass games developed alongside 19th century nationalist movements, particularly the Czech Sokol movement. In Romania, the communist government organized compulsory mass games after Communist Party leader Nicolae Ceauşescu and his wife had visited the People's Republic of China and saw such games there. These were the hardest working days of the year since every individual was required to participate along with his fellow workers. Being\",\n \"\\\"done in official powerlifting meets\\\" Powerlifting gym records (unofficial): \\\"done in the gym (based on video footage)\\\" Siamand Rahman Siamand Rahman (, , born March 22, 1989 in Oshnaviyeh, Iran) is an Iranian Paralympic powerlifter. He won gold medals at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio and the 2010 Asian Para Games in Guangzhou. He is the current IPC Powerlifting World Record holder in the +107 kg category with a bench press and also holds the junior world record with and the Paralympic Championship Record with . Rahman began his career in Oshnavieh, Iran, supported\",\n \"2010 Summer Youth Olympics medal table Netherlands Antilles won their last-ever Olympic medal as the country was dissolved two months after the Games. The Singapore Youth Olympic Games Organising Committee (SYOGOC) did not keep an official medal tally. The ranking in this table is based on information provided by the IOC and is consistent with IOC convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won (in this context, a \\\"nation\\\" is an entity represented by an NOC). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the\",\n \"1978 Asian Games The 8th Asian Games () were held from December 9 to 20, 1978, in Bangkok, Thailand. Originally, the host city was Singapore but Singapore dropped its plan to host the Games due to financial problems. Then Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan was decided to host the 8th Games. But Islamabad also dropped its plan to host the Asian Games due to conflicts with Bangladesh and India. Thailand offered to help and the Asiad therefore was held in Bangkok. On the political front, Israel was expelled from the Asian Games. A total number of 3,842 athletes, coming from\",\n \"Japanizi: Going, Going, Gong! Japanizi \\\"Going, Going, Gong!\\\" (\\\"ゴーイング、ゴーイング、ゴング！\\\") is a Canadian children's physical game show with a Japanese motif where contestants compete with a teammate against other teams as they tackle obstacles and challenges to test their mental capabilities, strength, endurance, and smarts. The series first aired on YTV starting November 5, 2013 and in the United States on Disney XD as of November 4, 2013. Yoshi Amao hosts, with Masayuki Hashimoto as \\\"Judge Masa\\\". The show's characters include a group of ninjas led by the English-translator ninja Shinobi; and Glasses Man, who is one of the audience members.\",\n \"Philippines at the 2018 Asian Games The Philippines participated at the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia from 18 August to 2 September 2018. The country won 21 medals (4 gold, 2 silver, and 15 bronze) to finish 19th overall in the medal tally of the games; an improvement from 22nd place placement of the country in the previous 2014 edition. However this came short of the 15th place target set by officials who deemed the actual placement as acceptable. Two of the Philippines' gold medal came from golf, while the other two came from weightlifting and skateboarding.\",\n \"restaged the seminal Set and Reset, choreographed by Trisha Brown in 1983. Retitled Set and Reset/Reset, this reworking reprocessed rather than replicated the original version. The piece was performed again in 2016, this time directed by Abigail Yager a former dancer with the Trisha Brown Dance Company. In 2008 Candoco took part in the Handover Ceremonies at the Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Games, representing Britain. It was the first time disabled artists were present in both events in the history of the games. The company performed at both the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London.\",\n \"Superstars of Dance Dance\\\" aired on January 19, 2009. The other three groups, the other three duets, and the other four soloists: The Australian Dance Theatre and The Irish team were tied in 3rd place with 62 points going into the first elimination. Since only 3 could advance, a tiebreaking vote was called for from the six countries not involved. The Australian Dance Theater won five votes from Argentina, India, South Africa, USA, and Russia. The Irish won one vote from China. Every performance is counted toward a country's overall standing, thus countries with multiple contestants advancing through the competition have a substantial\",\n \"Magnificent Seven (gymnastics) The Magnificent Seven was the 1996 United States Olympic women's gymnastics team that won the first ever gold medal for the United States in the women's team competition at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. The seven members of the team were Shannon Miller, Dominique Moceanu, Dominique Dawes, Kerri Strug, Amy Chow, Amanda Borden, and Jaycie Phelps. Miller, Dawes and Chow also won individual medals in Atlanta. The team is perhaps best known for Strug sticking the landing of a vault to clinch the gold medal while injured. The leader of the Magnificent Seven is often said\",\n \"South Korea, the eventual winner. Following the 2006 military coup in Thailand, there was speculation that the military government would switch Thailand's candidate from Surakiart to Surin. On 18 June 2007, the Thai cabinet unanimously endorsed the recommendation of the Thai Foreign Ministry that Surin Pitsuwan be nominated as the Thai candidate for Secretary-General of ASEAN. He was confirmed by the ASEAN Foreign Ministers during their 40th annual meeting in Manila in July 2007 and succeeded Ong Keng Yong from Singapore on 1 January 2008. His term of office was five years. \\\"The Economist\\\" magazine, commenting that most secretaries-general are\",\n \"games in the Spanish capital of Madrid from September 15 to 22. Over 1,400 athletes from 74 nations participated in the competition, which was sponsored by the Association Nacional Prestura de Servicio (ANDE) and sanctioned by the International Coordinating Committee of World Sport Organizations for the Disabled and the International Association of Sport for the Mentally Handicapped. The games featured a cultural exchange group, a group of intellectually disabled men from Nagasaki who played taiko (traditional drums) during the opening and closing ceremonies and selected track events. 1992 Summer Paralympics The 1992 Summer Paralympics (; ) were the ninth Paralympic\",\n \"events in all for the Games were included in the final list approved by the SEAGF on 14 July 2016. Winter sports were introduced for the first time in Games history. The 2017 Southeast Asian Games featured 404 events, resulting in 404 medal sets to be distributed. Two additional gold medals were awarded as there were first-place ties in women's high jump and men's pommel horse. As a consequence, no silver medal was awarded in these events. Two bronze medals were awarded in some events: most events in martial arts (6 in boxing, 6 in judo, 15 in karate, 5\",\n \"2008 Summer Olympics opening ceremony \\\"huabiao\\\" (S: 华表, T: 華表, P: \\\"Huábiǎo\\\") emerged and stretched skyward, with the performers dancing to the ancient tune \\\"Chūnjiāng Huā Yuèyè\\\" (春江花月夜), as pink and orange fireworks were set off overhead. Then followed the modern segment where pianist Lang Lang and five-year-old Li Muzi performed a melody from the \\\"Yellow River Cantata\\\". Around the pianists a sea of rainbow-coloured luminescent performers swayed in wave-like unison to suggest the flow of the Yellow River. The illuminated performers, symbolizing modern-day China, then arranged themselves in the shape of the Dove of Peace, which wings were then set into motion as the\",\n \"2012 ASEAN University Games The 2012 ASEAN University Games officially known as the 16th ASEAN University Games was a Southeast Asian university multi-sports event held in Vientiane, Laos. This was the first time Laos hosted the games. Laos is the eighth nation to host the ASEAN University Games after Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Philippines and Vietnam. The games was held from 12 to 20 December 2012, although several events had commenced from 11 December 2012. Around 1700 athletes participated at the event which featured 240 events in 17 sports. It was opened and closed by Thongsing Thammavong, the Prime\",\n \"Philippines at the 2016 Summer Olympics Committee has partnered with Asics (Sonak Trading) as the official apparel outfitter of the Philippine delegation in the Olympics. The Philippines was the seventy-fifth country (based in the Portuguese language) to walk in the parade of nations rites during the opening ceremonies of the 2016 Summer Olympics on 5 August 2016. Table tennis player Ian Lariba, was named as the Philippine delegation's flagbearer for the Rio Olympic opening ceremony. Taekwando jin Kirstie Alora took over carrying the flag from Lariba, when the delegation passed the VIP grandstand. Filipino athletes have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events\",\n \"Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Mixed team The mixed team event of badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games was held from 4 October to 8 October 2010 in Siri Fort Sports Complex, New Delhi, India where 20 teams competed in the competition. Defending champions, Malaysia, won the gold medal for the second time in a row. They repeated this victory four years later at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. India took their first silver in the mixed team event and England settled for bronze. Five pots arranged during the draw, with pot 1 is strongest, while pot\",\n \"2018 Commonwealth Games closing ceremony The closing ceremony for the 2018 Commonwealth Games was held on 15 April 2018 in the Carrara stadium, Gold Coast. The worldwide broadcast began at 20:30 and finished at 22:30 AEST, lasting almost two hours. The closing ceremony started with a performance of Australian singer Amy Shark. She performed the song \\\"Let Love Rule\\\". She then introduced Australian musician Archie Roach and together with the youth choir continued the performance. Then thirteen year old poet Soli Raphael recited a poem about the Games. He is known for winning the Australian Poetry Slam competition in 2017\",\n \"two circles in an upward motion which represents the unity among the people from different races and background and unity of athletes including disabled athletes for success as in the slogan, \\\"Unity in Diversity\\\" and the celebration for successful athletes. Similar to the 2016 Sukma Games, the official mascots of the 2016 Malaysian Paralympiad is a pair of hornbills named Satria (male) and Satrina (female) respectively. It is said that Sarawak is known by many as \\\"Bumi Kenyalang\\\" or the \\\"Land of the Hornbills\\\". The mascots were designed in 3D to give them a more realistic appeal. Designers of the\",\n \"Artistic gymnastics in the United States final and Aly Raisman was crowned Floor champion, as well as winning a bronze medal on Balance beam. In the men's competition, the team placed fifth in the team final. Danell Leyva was the only individual medalist for the U.S. men, winning a bronze in the individual all-around final. Currently, the United States is ranked second in the medal table for artistic gymnastics, behind the Soviet Union. The United States is ranked first in the medal table for currently active NOCs. USA Gymnastics has four national teams; Two for women (Junior and Senior) and two for men (Junior and Senior).\",\n \"East West Theatre Company Singapore Arts Festival, Les Ballet C de la B, legendary contemporary dance company and Flota Institute from Slovenia. Since the May 2010 opening, the show has been performed fifteen times on three continents (Europe, Asia and Africa). The artists coming from four continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia) and seven countries (Italy, Slovenia, Singapore, Burkina Faso, Bosnia and Herzegovina, China and Australia) gathered to work on the project. Reuters, British Guardian, Channel News Asia, CNN Mexico, China Daily, India Times, Daily News Pakistan, ABC News and media in Italy, Spain, Australia, Singapore and Indonesia wrote extensively about the show. \\\"Football, Football\\\"\",\n \"now governed by ISTAF, the International Sepak Takraw Federation. Major competitions for the sport such as the ISTAF SuperSeries, the ISTAF World Cup and the King's Cup World Championships are held every year. Sepak takraw is now a regular sport event in the Asian Games and the Southeast Asian Games. Sepak takraw has been a sport at the Asian Games since 1990 with Thailand securing the highest number of gold medals. The Lao people first brought sepak takraw into Canada when they immigrated as refugees in the 1970s. But the game got exposure outside the Laotian communities and really started\",\n \"117th IOC Session held at the Esplanade - Theatres on the Bay and the guest of honour was the Prime Minister of Singapore, Lee Hsien Loong, who officially opened the session. A special type of hybrid orchid had been bred to commemorate the IOC Session in Singapore. It was named Vanda IOC. A cultural performance of dance and songs was held with the theme of \\\"One Voice, One Rhythm, One World\\\". Each of the five bid cities had 45 minutes to make a final presentation to the IOC members, after which voting commenced and the final results were announcenced at 19:30 Singapore time.\",\n \"World Mind Sports Games The World Mind Sports Games (WMSG) is a quadrennial multi-sport event created by the International Mind Sports Association (IMSA) as a \\\"stepping stone on the path of introducing a third kind of Olympic Games (after the Summer and the Winter Olympics)\\\". The inaugural 2008 World Mind Sports Games were held in Beijing from October 3 to 18, about two months after the Summer Olympics and one month after the Paralympics. Five mind sports participated in the first Games: bridge, chess, draughts (checkers), go (weiqi), and xiangqi (Chinese chess). Thirty-five gold medals were contested by 2,763 competitors\",\n \"Aliya Mustafina Aliya Farkhatovna Mustafina ( ; ; born 30 September 1994) is an artistic gymnast from Russia. She is the 2010 world champion in the all-around, the 2012 and 2016 Olympic uneven bars champion, and a seven-time Olympic medalist. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, Mustafina won four medals, making her the most decorated gymnast of the competition and the most decorated athlete in any sport except swimming. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, she became the first female gymnast since Simona Amânar in 2000 to win an all-around medal in two consecutive Olympics, and the first since Svetlana Khorkina (also\",\n \"Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization The Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO) is an inter-governmental organization operated as a non-profit independent body with full international legal status. It is headquartered in Beijing, People's Republic of China. Members include agencies from: Bangladesh, China, Iran, Mongolia, Pakistan, Peru, and Thailand. Indonesia and Turkey also signed the APSCO convention. In 2005, the APSCO convention was signed in Beijing. Representatives from Argentina, Malaysia, the Philippines, Russia and Sri Lanka also attended the founding ceremony. Its stated objectives are: As of 2010, the organization has defined 10 projects on designing, building and launching light satellites, middle class\",\n \"(form, body position and final landing) and one for the degree of difficulty (number of somersaults and twists etc.). The top and bottom execution scores are dropped and the remaining three added to the difficulty score to give the total for the pass. Holly Alyssa Ludwig Tumbling (gymnastics) Tumbling, also known as power tumbling, is a gymnastics sporting discipline which combines skills of artistic gymnastics with those of trampolining. It is sometimes practiced on a 25-meter-long spring track. Tumbling, which originated for entertainment purposes, is now codified, regulated, judged, and performed using standardized special acrobatic equipment. Competitors, both male and\",\n \"2014 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships feel for the competition equipment on a raised surface. In April 2013, the mascots Nannan (male) and Ningning (female) were unveiled as the official mascots of the event. In the men's all-around final, only two gymnasts per country can compete. Ryohei Kato and Shogo Nonomura of Japan, Lin Chaopan of China, Max Whitlock and Daniel Keatings of Great Britain, and Nikita Ignatyev of Russia were among those who had earned scores in the qualification round high enough to qualify for the individual all-around final, but could not compete due to the two-per-country rule. On October 8, Nile Wilson withdrew from\",\n \"2000 Summer Olympics national flag bearers Democratic Republic of Congo entered with its full name. Iran, Micronesia, Moldova, Laos, Brunei and the United States all entered under their formal names, respectively \\\"Islamic Republic of Iran\\\", \\\"Federated States of Micronesia\\\", \\\"Republic of Moldova\\\", \\\"Lao People's Democratic Republic\\\", \\\"Brunei Darussalam\\\" and \\\"United States of America\\\". A record of 199 nations entered the stadium with the exception of Afghanistan, a nation which was banned by IOC in 1999 because of the extremist rule of the Taliban's oppression on women and its sports. The parade of nations also featured a unified entrance by the athletes of the North and South\",\n \"2010 Asian Junior Athletics Championships ceremonies, was broadcast live on Vietnamese carrier VTV3. China was easily the most successful nation, topping the medal tally with thirteen gold medals and 26 medals in total. Kazakhstan initially had the second greatest number of winners, with 5 of their eight medals being gold medals, but positive doping tests later reduced them to eighth in the ranking. Second-placed Japan (with four golds) had a much larger overall haul, taking 22 medals at the competition. Chinese Taipei placed third with four golds and thirteen medals in total, while India had the third highest medal tally, with fourteen medals. Among the\",\n \"little lower body movement, with the exception of moving one's hips, stepping in place, and jumping or hopping. Some routines feature more complex leg movements. Routines are generally choreographed by groups affiliated with popular clubs in Japan (see below). Fans of Para Para often refer to themselves as \\\"Paralists\\\" and include official and unofficial teams of dancers in Japan, Chile, Brazil, Spain, The United States, Canada, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Finland, and several other countries. Some teams are recognized by major Japanese music labels such as Avex and have been featured in Japanese media such as the magazine \\\"Egg\\\". Para Para\",\n \"Fuwa The Fuwa (; literally \\\"good-luck dolls\\\", also known as \\\"Friendlies\\\") were the mascots of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. The designs were created by Han Meilin, a famous Chinese artist. The designs were publicly announced by the National Society of Chinese Classic Literature Studies on 11 November 2005 at an event marking the 1000th day before the opening of the games. There are five Fuwas: Beibei, Jingjing, Huanhuan, Yingying and Nini. Together, the names form the sentence \\\"\\\", or \\\"Beijing huanying ni,\\\" which means \\\"Beijing welcomes you\\\". Originally named 'The Friendlies', they were promoted as 'Fuwa' when concerns\",\n \"2015 Palarong Pambansa with 98 gold medals, 67 silver medals, and 71 bronze medals, followed by archrivals STCAA (51G-41S-49B) and WVRAA (42G-48S-41B). WVRAA, CARAA, and RIAA had the most medals in the Demonstration Games, while WVRAA, STCAA, and DavRAA led the Special Games medal tally. Final and official result as of May 9, 2015, 13:30 PST (UTC+8) Final and official result as of May 9, 2015, 12:00 PST (UTC+8) Final and official result as of May 9, 2015 12:00 PST (UTC+8) Special awards were given by the Department of Education and the Provincial Government of Davao del Norte. Cash prizes amounting from PHP10,000\",\n \"display on the CN Tower. 2015 Pan American Games closing ceremony The closing ceremony of the 2015 Pan American Games took place on Sunday July 26, 2015, beginning at 8:00 p.m. EDT at the Rogers Centre (Pan Am Dome) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The closing ceremony was produced and directed jointly by three companies B5C Productions, BaAM Productions and FiveCurrents. The tickets for the ceremony ranged between and . In 2014 Live Nation was announced as a sponsor of the games; organizers stated that the company would leverage its resources to invite Canadian and international acts to perform at the\",\n \"and sometimes pushed by coaches to maintain a lower than normal bodyweight. Artistic gymnastics Artistic gymnastics is a discipline of gymnastics in which athletes perform short routines (ranging from approximately 30 to 90 seconds) on different apparatuses, with less time for vaulting. The sport is governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG), which designs the Code of Points and regulates all aspects of international elite competition. Within individual countries, gymnastics is regulated by national federations, such as Gymnastics Canada in Canada, British Gymnastics in the United Kingdom and USA Gymnastics in the United States. Artistic gymnastics is a popular\",\n \"Marionette (show) Marionette is a 90-minutes non-verbal breakdancing performance, created and performed by a South Korean breakdancing group Expression. The name Marionette comes from the French word marionette, a type of puppet moved by using strings. Like the name suggest, the show Marionette features the performers imitating and dancing as a puppeteer and his puppets. Marionette was first performed in South Korea, early 2006, at Korean Lotte Theme Park. When it was first premiered, it brought international attention. Many countries invited Expression to perform Marionette, and Expression soon began a world Marionette tour. This international success also brought people's attention\",\n \"on the Canadian Albums Chart. \\\"Un peu plus haut, un peu plus loin\\\", performed by Garou is the only track from the opening ceremony included. 2010 Winter Olympics closing ceremony The closing ceremony of the 2010 Winter Olympics took place on February 28, 2010, beginning at 5:30 pm PST (01:30 UTC, March 1) at BC Place Stadium in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was the first Olympic Closing Ceremony held in an indoor venue since the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo. The production's director David Atkins previously directed the Sydney 2000 Olympic and the 2006 Doha Asian Games ceremonies. The\",\n \"2010 Winter Paralympics opening ceremony former Paralympian. Mari Klassen signed the anthem in American Sign Language (ASL). Hundreds of children stood in the shape of a maple leaf in a formation. The participating countries marched in, with Andorra coming first, and the nations entered in alphabetical order of their country names in English, and ending with the host nation, Canada. Canada has the greatest number of athletes with 55. The flag was carried into the stadium. It was then transferred to members of the Canadian Forces' Soldier On program: Sgt. Karen McCoy, and Master Cpl. Mike Trauner, who then raised the flag. Canadian ice sledge\",\n \"2013 Asian Youth Para Games mousedeer is a native animal in Malaysia locally known as pelanduk or kancil which is shy, but very agile and quick thinking. It is a favourite character in local folktales commonly known as \\\"Sang Kancil\\\", noted for its intelligence, wit, cunning feints and quick reaction to escape from all kinds of danger, especially from its enemies. The adoption of mousedeer as the games mascot is to represent the courage of the Paralympic athletes in overcoming challenges and the odds. The name of the mascot, Ujang is a common nickname for local Malay youths. Host nation (Malaysia) 2013 Asian Youth Para\",\n \"Rhythmic Gymnastics Grand Prix Series 1997, and later in four apparatus, each year, since 1998 up to the present edition, in 2017. Grand Prix stages have also hosted a number of rhythmic gymnastics group events, being considered part of the official Grand Prix Series. However, even some Grand Prix Final events had had group events, these were not officially considered part of the Grand Prix Final event, since this event crowns only the overall winners of the individual events. As of 2016, gymnasts from countries in Europe and Asia, including Russia, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, have won medals at the Grand Prix Final tournament. Gymnasts\",\n \"2014 Winter Olympics closing ceremony The closing ceremony of the 2014 Winter Olympics was held on 23 February 2014 from 20:14 to 22:25 MSK () at the Fisht Olympic Stadium in Sochi, Russia. It was designed to show Russian culture, through a European perspective, and featured performances by Yuri Bashmet, Valery Gergiev, Denis Matsuev, Hibla Gerzmava, and Tatiana Samouil, among others. The closing program presented \\\"Reflections of Russia\\\"; that is, highlights of Russian culture, presented through a European perspective. It was directed by Daniele Finzi Pasca. Konstantin Ernst served as creative director and Andrei Nasonovskiy was the executive producer. Throughout\",\n \"the Melbourne Games in Melbourne. The body was founded on 8 September 1949 as the Australian Gymnastic Federation. Affiliation was accepted by the Australian Olympic Federation in 1951 and by the International Federation of Gymnastics in 1954. In 1999, the AGF changed to its current name of Gymnastics Australia. Gymnastics Australia runs a head office in Melbourne, Victoria, and is the representative body to FIG. Gymnastics Australia coordinates and provides gymnastics for Australians through eight Association Members: Gymnastics Australia sets the routines and routine guidelines for the National Levels Program which are used by gymnasts around the country. Prominent gymnastics\",\n \"2010 Summer Youth Olympics torch relay international leg, the torch arrived in host city Singapore on 6 August 2010 for the domestic leg. The torch traversed the five cities, representing the five continents of the world: Europe, Africa, Americas, Oceania and Asia, in the given order. A number of famous athletes, leaders, and media personalities were involved the torch relay. Notably, a schoolboy, Low Wei Jie, who was not part of the torch relay was given the opportunity to bear the torch after local newspaper reports of him having following the torch in the rain throughout the day earlier. The organisers felt that as the games\",\n \"games were opened by King Bhumibol Adulyadej. The date of the closing ceremony was 20 December, like the previous three games hosted by Thailand. The Asian Games Movement uses symbols to represent the ideals embodied in the Asian Games charter. The Asian Games flag has four editions. All 45 members affiliated to the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) are eligible to take part in the Games. According to membership in the OCA, transcontinental Kazakhstan participates in the Asian Games but Egypt does not, participating in the All-Africa Games instead. Various countries participating in the European Games rather than the Asian\",\n \"each match are awarded gold, silver and bronze medals. The trophy categories include overall individual champion for each discipline, overall team champion for each discipline, and overall champion in the \\\"falling plate\\\" event for each discipline. Indonesia has won the most number of championships since the AARM began in 1991; the Indonesian Army has 13 championships on record, followed by the Royal Thai Army with eight. Malaysia and Singapore have both won three times, while the Philippines was champion once, in 2005. Brunei, Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos have yet to win a championship. ASEAN Armies Rifle Meet The ASEAN Armies\",\n \"2014 Asian Games October 2014, although several events had commenced from 14 September 2014. Around 9,501 athletes participated in the event which featured 439 events in 36 sports. It was opened by the President of South Korea, Park Geun-hye at the Incheon Asiad Main Stadium. The final medal tally was led by China, followed by host South Korea and Japan, while Cambodia won its' first ever Asian Games gold medal. 14 World and 27 Asian records were broken during the Games. Japanese swimmer Kosuke Hagino was announced as the most valuable player (MVP) of the Games. Though there were several controversies, the Games\",\n \"2011 Southeast Asian Games at the games which featured 545 events in 42 sports. The games was held from 11 to 22 November 2011, although several events had commenced from 3 November 2011. The games was opened by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, the President of Indonesia at the Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium in Palembang. The final medal tally was led by host Indonesia, followed by Thailand and Vietnam, while Timor-Leste won its first ever Southeast Asian Games gold medal. Several Games and national records were broken during the games. Although there were several controversies, the Games were deemed generally successful with its promotion for conservative effort\",\n \"2008 Summer Olympics Standard Time (UTC+8), and took place at the Beijing National Stadium. The Ceremony included handover of the Games from Beijing to London. Guo Jinlong, the Mayor of Beijing handed over the Olympic flag to the Mayor of London Boris Johnson, followed by a performance organized by the London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOCOG). This presentation included performances by guitarist Jimmy Page, and recording artist Leona Lewis. Footballer David Beckham was also featured during London's presentation. Of the 204 nations that participated in the 2008 Games, 87 earned medals and 54 of those won at least\",\n \"Magnificent Seven (gymnastics) competed in the third session, with Russia and China left to compete in the fourth session. Romania had already competed in the first session, so the United States team could only chase their already posted scores. The top four teams would compete in the last session during the optionals. Ultimately, Ukraine, not China, earned this fourth spot along with the United States, Russia, and Romania. With seven athletes on each team for the first and only time, each team (other than Romania who had only six members because of an injury) put their six best team members up on each\",\n \"2010 Asian Games opening ceremony each country was played when the country marched to the arena. Below is list of national flagbearer during the ceremony. A few people gave welcoming speech, they were: Afterwards, Premier of the People's Republic of China Wen Jiabao declared the Games to be officially open, making him the first and as of 2018 only non-head of state to open the Asian Games. It was followed was a large scale of fireworks erupt from the Canton Tower and Pearl River delta once again. Sun Nan and Mao Amin then performed the official theme song \\\"Reunion\\\" (重逢), and flag of OCA was\",\n \"since it was first imported to the country. Currently, MRG and women's rhythmic gymnastics are both under the umbrella of Japan Gymnastics Association and major competitions are often held at the same venue. Men's RG consists of two types of events: group events of 6 people (freehand or no apparatus) and individual events using apparatus (stick, rings, rope and clubs). Both group and individual events are performed on a spring floor, allowing gymnasts to do various kinds of tumbling during their performance. For individual performances, a gymnast manipulates one or two pieces of apparatus (double rings, stick, clubs, rope) to\",\n \"\\\"Sky, Earth, and Human Beings\\\" (), was unveiled in July 2004, a multicolored Chinese character \\\"之\\\" () stylized as an athletic figure in motion. Its red, blue and green colors represent sun, sky and earth. The slogan was the same as the 2008 Summer Olympics, \\\"One World, One Dream\\\". The mascot was a cartoon cow named Fu Niu Lele (), roughly meaning \\\"Lucky Ox 'Happy'\\\". The theme song was \\\"Flying with the Dream\\\" . It was performed by Chinese-Tibetan singer Han Hong and Hong Kong singer and actor Andy Lau. The torch relay of the 2008 Summer Paralympics started from\",\n \"2010 Commonwealth Games from a non-Commonwealth nation. The three head of states were Mohamed Nasheed, President of the Maldives, Marcus Stephen, President of Nauru and a multiple Commonwealth gold medallist, and Albert II, Prince of Monaco, representing the International Olympic Committee. As well, Sir Anand Satyanand, the Governor General of New Zealand, attended the ceremony. The closing ceremony featuring both Indian and Scottish performers. The closing ceremony was not as well received as the opening ceremony. The Commonwealth Games flag was handed over to representatives of Glasgow, Scotland, which hosted the XX Commonwealth Games in 2014. At the closing ceremony, the President of\",\n \"2008 Summer Olympics the United States. Russia entered the third largest team, with 467 athletes. More than 100 sovereigns, heads of state and heads of government as well as 170 Ministers of Sport attended the Beijing Olympic Games. Athletes from the Republic of China (Taiwan) competed at the 2008 Games as Chinese Taipei (TPE) under the Chinese Taipei Olympic flag and used the National Banner Song as their official anthem. The participation of Taiwan was briefly in doubt because of disagreements over the name of their team in the Chinese language and concerns about Taiwan marching in the Opening Ceremony next to the\",\n \"2018 Asian Para Games opening and closing ceremonies of \\\"Asian Para Games\\\". A dance performance featured the fire, rain, ocean and fisherman was held which later revealed the word sign \\\"DISABILITY\\\" on the stage. It represents the challenges a disabled person faced in the society. A wheelchair girl named Bulan Karunia showed up at the stadium with a box containing the message of her and her friends to President Joko Widodo. The president, then, walked down onto the stage to meet her and opened the box which later revealed to contain the letter block that reads \\\"Ability\\\" in capital letters. Along with her and an archer named Abdul\",\n \"2018 Asian Games closing ceremony earthquakes struck weeks earlier. Vice President Kalla delivered a bilingual speech, while Sheikh Al-Sabah officially closed the Games. Through the president of the Chinese Olympic Committee Gou Zhongwen, Mayor of Hangzhou Xu Liyi received the Games torch, the first Games flag and the OCA flag from Jakarta Governor Anies Baswedan, South Sumatra Governor Alex Noerdin, and Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Cultural Affairs Puan Maharani, respectively. Chinese multinational holding conglomerate Alibaba founder Jack Ma and gold medal-winning swimmer Sun Yang promoted their birth city Hangzhou, as the city will host the 2022 Asian Games. The closing ceremony featured tattoo-style\",\n \"concerns and speculation that the free-fall performances may be cancelled. The Ministry of Defence however issued a reassurance that the show would carry on. Singapore Armed Forces Parachute Team The Singapore Armed Forces Parachute Team (SAFPT) is best known for its free-fall displays at the annual National Day Parade held in Singapore since its first appearance in 1989 as a formalised team, although members of the Singapore Commandos Formation had put on sporadic displays since the 1970s. Primarily responsible for organising display jumps and representing the Singapore Armed Forces in competitions, the team adopted the name Red Lions in 1996\",\n \"2008 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony traveling bag full of mountains, rivers and lands of the whole world. A display of 750 performers form birds and swans with their hands. On the blue backdrop it appears as birds or animals in the sky. Liu Qi, head of the Beijing Organizing Committee accompanies Philip Craven, president of the IPC, to the podium to give an address. Paramount leader Hu Jintao then declares the Paralympics games opened at 22:36 Beijing time. After a performance of the theme song \\\"Flying with the Dream\\\" by Han Hong and Andy Lau, the Paralympic flag was raised and the Paralympic anthem played.\",\n \"2010 Summer Youth Olympics signatures. Eleven cities expressed interest in hosting the Games, nine of which ultimately applied. Five cities amongst the nine were selected for the shortlist: Athens (Greece), Bangkok (Thailand), Moscow (Russia), Singapore, and Turin (Italy). The list was further shortened to two finalists, Singapore and Moscow. On 2008, Rogge announced that Singapore had won the postal vote 53-44 and was thus selected as the host for the Games. There were concerns over whether two new venues that had been planned – a Youth Olympic Village and an equestrian complex – would be ready in time for the Games. A construction expert\",\n \"Para Games, only a video promoting tourism and featured disabled athletes in the Philippines was presented instead of a grand presentation for the next host country. Preparations for the Philippines' hosting of the 10th ASEAN Para Games officially began by April 2018. Then-Secretary of Foreign Affairs Alan Peter Cayetano is serving as the chairman of the 10th ASEAN Para Games organizing committee. Just like the 2019 Southeast Asian Games, the 2020 ASEAN Para Games will be hosted in three named hubs; Subic, Manila, and Clark. The list of the sports for ASEAN Paralympic Games may change according to the Paralympic\",\n \"2010 Commonwealth Games closing ceremony of Delhi, Tejinder Khanna. He in turn handed over it to Robert Winter. The Flag finally passed to the Lord Smith of Kelvin. He called upon the Commonwealth nations to visit Glasgow in 2014. First a short video showcasing Scotland's landscapes, people, architecture and culture was played. Next, 352 performers from Scotland performed in a 10-minute segment displaying Scottish culture. The performance began with a lone piper dressed in the Scottish traditional dress but soon a giant structure was inflated and a scene of the Clyde Auditorium, popularly known as the \\\"Armadillo\\\", along with the Clyde Arc Bridge and the\",\n \"Asian Games in Busan on the same horse. This is the eighth death linked to the 2006 Asian Games, and the first involving an athlete. The closing ceremony featured the Arabic stories of a thousand years ago. It started with the same young boy as the \\\"Seeker\\\" in the opening ceremony. He flew on a \\\"magic carpet\\\" to a book of Arabian stories. \\\"\\\"A Thousand and One Nights\\\"\\\" featured stories such as \\\"Haroun Al-Raschid and the Dervish\\\", \\\"Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves\\\", \\\"Sinbad the Sailor\\\" and \\\"Aladdin and his Marvellous Lamp\\\". The show used an array of dancers, horses,\",\n \"Games and 2017 Southeast Asian Games. Nations that competed in the tournament were Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Philippines (2007) and Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand (2017). The 2007 tournament's gold medal was won by the Malaysian team, followed by Singapore with silver and Thailand with bronze while the 2017 tournament's gold medal was won by Malaysia, followed by Thailand with silver and Brunei with bronze. The traditional or 'free style' \\\"Polo\\\" or \\\"Pulu\\\" of Northern Pakistan is still played very avidly in its native region, and the annual Shandur Polo Festival at Shandur Top in Chitral District. It is\",\n \"by Jusuf Kalla, the vice-president of Indonesia. The closing ceremony was held at 19:00 on 22 December 2014 at the Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium. The games was closed by Imam Nahrawi, the minister of youth and sports of Indonesia and the ASEAN University Games responsibility was officially handed over to Singapore, host of the 2016 ASEAN University Games. The 2014 ASEAN University Games programme featured 497 events in 18 sports and disciplines. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. A total of 1514 medals comprising 504 Gold medals, 503 Silver medals and 507 Bronze medals were awarded\",\n \"2006 FESPIC Games stadium. The final medal tally was led by China, followed by Thailand, South Korea, and host Malaysia. Several games and national records were broken during the games. The games were deemed generally successful with the rising standard of disabled sports competition among the Pacific and Asian nations for other active sports tournaments. With the games concluded, the FESPIC organisation was officially defunct, and since then, the Asian Countries participate at the Asian Para Games held after every Asian Games, beginning with the 2010 Asian Para Games in Guangzhou, China. In 1999, Malaysia, New Zealand and Hong Kong formally submitted the\",\n \"Venues of the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics Youth Olympic Games Organising Committee (SYOGOC) organised the Games, which the city-state of Singapore won the bid to host on 21 February 2008. The Singapore Turf Club Riding Centre was the only venue constructed for the Games. Certain venues such as the Singapore Indoor Stadium and The Float@Marina Bay were temporarily converted to host certain sports and events, while the Kallang Field was upgraded to be able to host the archery competition. The Float@Marina Bay, the world's largest floating stage, was the main venue for the Games, hosting the opening and closing ceremonies. It was also the largest venue in\",\n \"2018 Asian Para Games opening and closing ceremonies The 2018 Asian Para Games opening ceremony was held on Saturday, 6 October 2018 at the Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium in Jakarta, Indonesia. The closing ceremony was held exactly a week later; Saturday, 13 October 2018 at the nearby, far smaller Gelora Bung Karno Madya Stadium. Both ceremonies were started on 19:00 local time () and ended around 22:00. The opening ceremony of the 2018 Asian Para Games took place on Saturday, 6 October 2018, at the Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium in Jakarta, Indonesia. The event commenced at 19:00 and\",\n \"it. In Czechoslovakia (country name of that time), large-scale gymnastic formation of thousands of figurants was exhibited up to 1985. In Japan, gymnastic formation of hundreds of figurants is performed up to the present in annual sports festival of schools. Up to the end of the 20th century, gymnastic formation was practiced in many organizations of the world. However, in the 21st century large-scale gymnastic becomes less exhibited. Today, it is seem in limited countries and territories, such as Hong Kong, Malaysia, Brazil, Philippines, and North Korea. The former four are civil events and the latter is a national governmental\",\n \"2010 Commonwealth Games closing ceremony The closing ceremony of the 2010 Commonwealth Games was held at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, the main stadium of the event, in New Delhi, India. It began at 7:00 pm (IST) on 14 October 2010 and ended at 9:20 pm (IST). The ceremony included display of martial arts from a number of states of India followed by musical performances and showcasing the culture of Scotland, which will host the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. Indian national anthem was played in the Jawaharlal Nehru stadium. The cultural programme began with a segment titled \\\"Agni\\\", in which\",\n \"and Malaysian firms while Sportswork manages Malaysian government linked companies There are four tiers of sponsorship depending on the amount of funds a company contributes to the games. Bronze sponsors contributed RM1 million or less, Silver sponsors contributed RM1 to 3 million. Gold sponsors contributed RM3 to 7.5 million and Platinum sponsors contributed RM7.5 to 15 million. A total of 39 sponsors, comprising 6 Platinum sponsors, 6 Gold sponsors, 9 Silver sponsors and 18 Bronze sponsors, contributed to the 2017 ASEAN Para Games. The opening ceremony was held in Bukit Jalil National Stadium on 17 September 2017 at 20:17 MST\",\n \"Anies Baswedan. A promotional video about the Hangzhou Asian Para Games featuring shots of the city, Jack Ma and disabled athletes was shown. After Majid Rashed officially closed the games, the flame was extinguished by the wayang puppet on shadow projector. In addition to local artists and a Hangzhou Asian Para Games promotional video segment, the South Korean girlband AOA performed in the ceremony. 2018 Asian Para Games opening and closing ceremonies The 2018 Asian Para Games opening ceremony was held on Saturday, 6 October 2018 at the Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium in Jakarta, Indonesia. The closing ceremony was\",\n \"2018 Asian Para Games opening and closing ceremonies various singers sang the theme song of the games, \\\"Song of Victory\\\". All 42 contingents (41 nations and the unified Korea team) participated in the parade, the order begins with Afghanistan and ended with host Indonesia. Each contingent was led by a representative official that wore local traditional costumes with Indonesian floral designs while carrying each country’s name placard. The costume was designed by Chitra Subiyakto. The 2018 Asian Para Games closing ceremony was held on Saturday, 13 October 2018 at the Gelora Bung Karno Madya Stadium in Jakarta. Vice President of Indonesia Jusuf Kalla, and president of the Asian\",\n \"2009 ASEAN Para Games extinguished. The ASEAN Para Games responsibilities was officially handed over to Indonesia, host of the 2011 ASEAN Para Games, where the Indonesia ambassador received the flag of the ASEAN Para Sports Federation as its symbolisation. The troupe from Kuala Lumpur City Hall, the same troupe who performed at the opening ceremony before, concluded the ceremony with a cultural performance. A total of 936 medals comprising 409 gold medals, 288 silver medals and 239 bronze medals were awarded to athletes. The Host Malaysia's performance was their second best in ASEAN Para Games History and was second behind Thailand as overall champion.\",\n \"2009 ASEAN Para Games followed by four national paralympians - Nadrul Shakir Nor Zainal (swimming), Marriappan Perumal (powerlifting), Siow Lee Chan (powerlifting) and Mohd Riduan Emeari (athletics) ushering in the Games torch before the cauldron was lit. Finally, a 120-strong gymnastics group from Soka Gakkai entertained the spectators to a gymnastic performance reflecting the spirit of unity, courage and harmony. The closing ceremony was held on Monday, 19 August 2009, beginning at 20:00 MST (UTC+8) at the Putra Indoor Stadium in Kuala Lumpur. The closing ceremony begins with a series of song performance by local Malay singers. 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who plays esther drummond in torchwood 2 | [
"Esther Drummond for the part of Katusi. However, white actress Alexa Havins was announced by the BBC on 6 January 2011, the character's surname having been changed to Drummond. Havins was not initially sure about accepting the role when she was offered it due to having recently become a mother. She revealed that h... | [
"1998 as Magenta Savannah and again in 2013 as Doris Babbage. In 2015 she appeared in an episode of the BBC daytime soap \"Doctors\". In 1964 she married the recording engineer Peter Handford, the couple had met on the set of \"Billy Liar\". Handford died in 2007. Fraser lives in Eye, Suffolk. Helen Fraser (actress... | 580 |
who inducted james dudley into the wwe hall of fame | [
"payroll at age 74 and subsequently received several gifts from Vincent K. McMahon to show appreciation for Dudley's contributions to the company. Dudley has been described as an \"important cog\" in the company, and McMahon once stated that \"had there been no James Dudley, the WWF possibly wouldn't exist as it do... | [
"Millennium Wrestling Federation derogatory statements in reference to Brian Blair. This interview was later released on a three-hour DVD and has since become popular on websites such as YouTube and led to his appearances on Howard Stern. The video has been seen by over one and a half million fans. In 2005, the Iro... | 290 |
what is the population of metro vancouver in 2016 | [
"to change its name to the Metro Vancouver Regional District. The regional district was therefore formally renamed a second time by the Government of British Columbia on January 30, 2017 to the Metro Vancouver Regional District. The Metro Vancouver Regional District (MVRD) is located east of the Strait of Georgia a... | [
"and a literacy rate of 86.34%. In 2004, the birth rate, death rate and infant mortality rate per 1000 population were 20.03, 5.59 and 13.08, respectively. In 2001, the population of Delhi increased by 285,000 as a result of migration and by 215,000 as a result of natural population growth, which made Delhi one of ... | 204 |
when was the glass house mountains first named | [
"Bankfoot House the first Brisbane-to-Gympie Road, and it was occupied by the Grigors and their descendents until 2002. It is the only surviving coach change station element on the Cobb and Co. Brisbane to Gympie route, and it is aptly located opposite the Australian Teamsters Hall of Fame and Spirit of Cobb and Co... | [
"carried by the local Representatives to the U.S. Congress and Senate but a Congressional slowdown in the final months threatened the process. To ensure protection of the canyons President William Howard Taft (who had visited the area) stepped in and used the highest powers available to him via the Antiquities Act ... | 214 |
which play by f hugh herbert was made into a film | [
"F. Hugh Herbert Archer\". Herbert's play \"The Moon Is Blue\" had a run of 924 performances on Broadway, which was adapted for the screen version produced and directed by Otto Preminger, who had been responsible for the stage production. The film adaptation, released in 1953, was controversial at the time owing to... | [
"best plays about Hollywood. The play (rather than the novel) was used as the basis for the 1924 silent film \"Merton of the Movies\" in which Glenn Hunter reprised his Broadway role. Merton of the Movies (play) Merton of the Movies is a 1922 satirical comedy play by George S. Kaufmann and Marc Connelly. It was ada... | 281 |
who does jim millea play in hollyoaks | [
"Neville Ashworth Neville Ashworth is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Jim Millea. He debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 3 October 2005 and was created by David Hanson. Neville departed in July 2010 with his wife Suzanne Ashworth (Suzanne Hall) and th... | [
"House of Anubis young girl whom she met earlier as an old woman, Sarah Frobisher-Smythe (Rita Davies), who had lived in the house long ago. On the tapes, it is revealed the house has a secret history, a mystery that nobody knows anything about. Sarah has given Nina an Eye of Horus-shaped necklace with mysterious p... | 346 |
which prize did mary lavin win in 1943 for tales from bective bridge | [
"Tales from Bective Bridge Tales from Bective Bridge is a collection of ten short stories concerning rural Ireland and its populace by the writer, Mary Lavin, born an American, who returned along with her family to Ireland in 1925. The collection was first published in 1942, with the assistance of Lord Dunsany, who... | [
"is called \"Le Paradis, un peu plus loin\". It has also been translated into German by Elke Wehr as \"Das Paradies ist anderswo\". In Spanish, the book's title literally means:\"The Paradise in the Other Corner\". The \"New York Times\" listed \"The Way to Paradise\" as a Notable Book of the Year. In 2010, Vargas ... | 34 |
where is the afya clinic located in new york city | [
"Afya Foundation Afya Foundation is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization based in Yonkers, New York. It was founded in 2007 by Danielle Butin, MPH, OTR after a trip to Tanzania, where she encountered the dire circumstances and severely limited medical resources of their medical clinics. Afya, which means \"good ... | [
"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) is the department of the government of New York City responsible for public health along with issuing birth certificates, dog licenses, and conducting restaurant inspection and enforcement. The N... | 151 |
what was st patrick's high school in telangana called before | [
"left corners. A white belt runs across with three golden shamrocks for its patron St. Patrick. The motto is \"Virtus et Labor\", virtue and hard work. St. Patrick's High held it centenary celebrations on 12 February 2011.The 107th celebration was at 25 November 2017. St. Patrick's High School, Secunderabad St. Pat... | [
"India , Childhood Enhancement Through Training and Action (CHETNA) and the Qualiterate Movement. Since 30 years JanaVignana Vedika conducting Chekumukhi Science Talent Test to improve scientific temper among students. Over 10,00,000 students participate every year. In 2018, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan along with Rashtri... | 201 |
which japanese king was involved in the oei invasion | [
"Ōei Invasion policy toward Japan. Under Sejong, Joseon relinquished its claims to Tsushima and decided to grant trade privileges to the Sō clan in exchange for its duty to maintain trade order. In 1419, King Sejong, under the advice of his father and former king Taejong, decided to attack the enemy at Tsushima wh... | [
"Imperial Japanese Navy in 1854. This eventually led to the Meiji Restoration. Accompanying the re-ascendance of the Emperor came a period of frantic modernization and industrialization. The navy had several successes, sometimes against much more powerful enemies such as in the Sino-Japanese war and the Russo-Japan... | 95 |
in which french city was the roman settlement ikosion | [
"were: Icosium Icosium (, \"Ikosion\") was a Punic and Berber city, a Roman colony, and an early medieval bishopric (now a Latin titular see) in the casbah area of Algiers.. Icosium's Greek name \"Ikosion\" was later later explained as deriving from the Greek word for \"twenty\" (, \"eikosi\"), supposedly because i... | [
"École Polytechnique Paris-Saclay. In 1794, Polytechnique was initially hosted in the Palais Bourbon. One year later, it moved to Hôtel de Lassay, an hôtel particulier in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. Napoleon moved Polytechnique to the Quartier Latin in 1805 when he set the school under a military administrati... | 688 |
where was six characters in search of an author played | [
"Six Characters in Search of an Author Six Characters in Search of an Author ( ) is an Italian play by Luigi Pirandello, written and first performed in 1921. An absurdist metatheatrical play about the relationship among authors, their characters, and theatre practitioners, it premiered at the Teatro Valle in Rome t... | [
"The Mysterious Island his protégé and adopted son Harbert Brown (called Herbert in some translations); and the journalist Gedéon Spilett (Gideon Spilett in English versions). The company is completed by Cyrus' dog \"Top\". After flying in a great storm for several days, the group crash-lands on a cliff-bound, volc... | 1,023 |
what does carl holt do in please murder me | [
"Please Murder Me but that she was actually in love with an artist, not with Craig. Joe had decided to ask her to stay married, in part to save Craig from her. Craig then remembers Myra mentioning that an \"old friend\", an artist named Carl Holt, had visited her in jail during the trial. Craig goes to see Holt, wh... | [
"Alistair Crane and flaunts his efforts to turn their son into a \"true Crane\" in her face. After learning of her brother Luis's death, Theresa's thoughts toward her husband become murderous, and she attempts several times to kill Alistair, most notably with a batch of poisoned guacamole that Ethan ingests instead... | 106 |
what is the largest music festival in elkhart county indiana | [
"Elkhart County, Indiana Fifteen unincorporated communities also exist in the county. They are Benton, Bonneyville Mills, Dunlap, Foraker, Garden Village, Jimtown, Locke, Midway, New Paris, Nibbyville, Simonton Lake, Southwest, Vistula, and Waterford Mills. Elkhart County is known as \"The RV Capital of the World\"... | [
"Melissa Etheridge, Migos, DNCE. 2018 : Foo Fighters, The Weeknd, Neil Young, Shawn Mendes, Beck, Lorde, Future, Dave Matthews Band, The Chainsmokers, Jethro Tull, Sum 41. 2019 : Announcement first week of march 2019 Quebec City Summer Festival The FEQ (\"Festival d'été de Québec\" in French) is an annual 11-day mu... | 856 |
how much gold is in a napoleon coin | [
"Napoléon (coin) diameter (about the size of a U.S. five cent piece or a Swiss 20 Rappen coin), weigh 6.45 grams (gross weight) and; at 90% pure, contain .1867 ounces or 5.805 grams of pure gold. The 40 franc coins are 26 mm in diameter, weigh 12.90 grams (gross weight) and; are 90% pure gold. They were issued dur... | [
"Presidential $1 Coin Program Donald Trump were ineligible to have a dollar coin issued in their honor. The series ended in 2016, after honoring Ronald Reagan, the last President who was eligible. Since the program has terminated, producing coins for those presidents not yet honored would require another Act of Con... | 977 |
how long does the berlin u-bahn run | [
"Berlin U-Bahn hours, every five minutes for the rest of the day and every ten minutes in the evening. Over the course of a year, U-Bahn trains travel 132 million km (82.0 million mi), and carry over 400 million passengers. In 2017, 553.1 million passengers rode the U-Bahn. The entire system is maintained and opera... | [
"Brandenburg University of Technology de Meuron. Like for most universities in Germany, the academic year at BTU is divided into two semesters. The winter term (Wintersemester) is the official beginning of the academic year and lasts from October 1 to March 31. The summer term (Sommersemester) lasts from April 1 to... | 169 |
when did les six become les six | [
"and did not exist in order to create compositions collaboratively. However, there were six occasions on which more than one member was involved in joint compositional projects (sometimes along with composers from outside the group of Les Six). \"L'Album des Six\" was the first of these occasions, and it was the on... | [
"Le bœuf sur le toit from the Medrano circus, the Fratellini. The choreography was deliberately very slow, in marked contrast to the lively and joyful spirit of the music. The premiere was given in February 1920 at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées and comprised, besides the ballet, \"Adieu New York\" by Georges Auric... | 423 |
who conducts the academic exams in brazil | [
"Universities and higher education in Brazil 10 / 50% / \"E\"), but some universities adopt a 7 or 70% as the minimum passing grade. Universities are free to choose their grading system. Exams are conducted by the professors and are decentralized: every professor is responsible for scheduling, applying, and scoring... | [
"Academic Competition for Excellence Academic Competition for Excellence (often shortened to ACE) is a format of high school quizbowl played in the mid-Atlantic, especially in the Commonwealth of Virginia. There are several leagues in West Virginia, Virginia, and North Carolina, although many of the Virginia league... | 974 |
who did jean danilovich defeat in the final to win her first american | [
"final in Indianapolis, and the doubles final at the U.S. Clay Court Championship in Chicago. Jean Danilovich Jean Danilovich (born July 29, 1946) was an American amateur tennis player. In 1964, she was ranked in Class A nationally (meaning she was included among those ranked No. 21 to No. 24) and was No. 6 in the ... | [
"Malibu Beach Party background music of Strauss' \"Vienna Blood\", Jack introduces a \"charming little songstress\" (caricature of Deanna Durbin) and tells Pill to make sure that he plays the same piece this time. Responding, \"Okay, baby\", Pill conducts Arthur A. Penn's 1907 ballad \"Carissima\", which the songst... | 452 |
the rutherford hotel is in which country | [
"wishing fountain located in the lobby, and often there will be a classic car parked in the lobby for viewing, from the World of Wearable Art & Classic Cars museum. The hotel has 9 floors and 113 rooms, a private outdoor pool as well as a gymnasium. There are several dining options in the hotel: the seafood restaur... | [
"The Chester Grosvenor Hotel his elder brother's firm R. K. Penson & A. Ritchie. The hotel passed into the estate of the Duke of Westminster when Richard's son, Hugh Grosvenor, was advanced to 1st Duke of Westminster in 1874. On 10 January 1972, the building was designated as a Grade II listed building. The upper f... | 90 |
the exhaustive concordance of the bible is known as | [
"Higher Critical movement and with the Westcott-Hort version of the Greek text. Strong, a Methodist layman and college professor, was acceptable to the committee, but one cannot assume he shared all of its views. Strong's Concordance The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, generally known as Strong's Concordance, ... | [
"Papyrology Papyrology is the study of ancient literature, correspondence, legal archives, etc., as preserved in manuscripts written on papyrus, the most common form of writing material in the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Papyrology includes both the translation and interpretation of ancient do... | 323 |
when did episode 8 of humans come out | [
"Series 1, Episode 8 (Humans) without her and without Fred. The Hawkins return home. After Karen leaves, she is met by Pete and they reluctantly go off together. The final scene shows Niska on a train, with a copy of the programme. On 2 August 2015, \"Episode 8\" aired on Channel 4 in the UK to a viewership of 3.99... | [
"series through Apple Music. Apple's adaptation of the series was originally supposed to premiere in April 2017, but was delayed without explanation. The series instead premiered on August 8, 2017. In January 2017, \"The Wall Street Journal\" reported that Apple was exploring original video content, including its o... | 407 |
who gets the highest roller in monopoly junior | [
"most properties wins. The rules of the original \"Monopoly Junior\" game are very similar to the modern rules. Players are dealt $31 at the beginning of the game: five $1 notes, four $2, three $3, one $4 and one $5. Players take turns in order, with the initial player determined by chance before the game: players ... | [
"Yank Robinson which he was a league leader five times) turned him into a potent offensive weapon with a .389 on-base percentage over the two seasons combined. His .400 on-base percentage in 1888 was the highest in the American Association. On May 2, 1889, Robinson began a strike that was the talk of baseball for a... | 116 |
the ape foundation was founded by which two people | [
"APE Foundation APE Foundation The Association for Protection of the Environment (APE) is a non-governmental organization working on issues regarding the conservation, and restoration of the environment, education about permaculture and agroforestry among other things. The group says its mission is \"to protect the... | [
"Its main building is located in the Creston-Kenilworth neighborhood, and its satellite locations in Canby and Hillsboro are called The Dougy Center Walker's House and The Dougy Center Linklater Commons, respectively. The organization was founded in 1982 by Beverly Chappell, in tribute to Dougy Turno, who died of a... | 501 |
who does matt meet in the book airborn | [
"Airborn (novel) months later, Matt meets Kate in Paris, where she is exhibiting her cloud cat skeleton and photographs. Matt reveals that he will attend the Airship Academy, with the help of the reward money for finding Szpirglas' base of operations. Kate's plans to begin her zoology studies at a university. The n... | [
"MeruPuri yet to contact him. Airi wakes up the next morning to the surprise of her life when she finds Aram has turned into a 17-year-old overnight. Aram's companion Lei finally appears through Airi's mirror and explains that Aram is actually the youngest prince of a magic kingdom called Astale. He reveals that sh... | 817 |
what does the term mumble rap mean in english | [
"Mumble rap Mumble rap (often used to describe \"emo rap\" and \"SoundCloud rap\") is a loosely defined derogatory term for a group of subgenres of hip-hop that largely spread on the online audio distribution platform SoundCloud in the 2010s. Although the name implies mumbling, many rappers who have been labeled \"... | [
"Illmaculate Gregory Poe (born February 4, 1986), better known by his stage name Illmaculate (a.k.a. Illmac), is a battle rapper and American hip hop artist of Native American descent from St. Johns, Portland, Oregon. At age 17, he won the 2004 Scribble Jam freestyle rap competition, making him the youngest winner ... | 157 |
where were they made me a criminal filmed | [
"They Made Me a Criminal They Made Me a Criminal is a 1939 American crime drama film directed by Busby Berkeley and starring John Garfield, Claude Rains, and The Dead End Kids. It is a remake of the 1933 film \"The Life of Jimmy Dolan\". The film was later featured in an episode of \"Cinema Insomnia\". Portions of ... | [
"on the staff with her goal-oriented agenda and amicability with students), he conspires with Russell to find some way of ruining Brown's reputation and installing himself as principal. The show chronicles the schemers' gradual self-destruction as their own biases and unlikable personalities increasingly alienate B... | 567 |
who does art go out with in two much | [
"Two Much painting in the studio turns out to have been actually made by Art (who gave it to Manny as an \"advance\" on what he owes him), Bart gives her the painting. Thanks to his imaginary twin brother, Art manages to pursue a romance with both sisters. Because the two \"twin brothers\" must never be in the same... | [
"also a Crown International Picture. In the year 3008, the crew of the Intergalactic Space Police cruiser \"Infinity\" is on patrol duty in deep space. The ship is captained by the incompetent Cornelius Butt (Avery Schreiber) and his crewmen: his first officer, Sgt. Thor (Stephen Macht); pilot \"space-cowboy\" Pvt.... | 817 |
who wrote to benjamin franklin about the wind blowing in boston | [
"Benjamin Franklin a lunar eclipse. Franklin was said to have noted that the prevailing winds were actually from the northeast, contrary to what he had expected. In correspondence with his brother, Franklin learned that the same storm had not reached Boston until after the eclipse, despite the fact that Boston is t... | [
"whose business established the city of Lowell, Massachusetts. Gore was involved in a variety of charitable causes, and was a major benefactor of Harvard College, where the first library was named in his honor. His palatial mansion in Waltham, Massachusetts, now known as Gore Place, is one of the finest extant exam... | 208 |
who plays sable on the colby's | [
"Forsythe). Set in Los Angeles, \"The Colbys\" focuses on the extended Colby family as Jeff relocates to California to start his life anew—and comes face to face with Fallon, now married to his cousin Miles. A fierce rivalry is sparked between Jeff and Miles, and the love triangle spans the series. Miles's father, ... | [
"Iron Hans (Grimm) (Bitsie Tulloch) meets a surprising ally. Captain Sean Renard (Sasha Roiz) battles the darkness within and Nick finds hope for Juliette in the last person he expected: Adalind (Claire Coffee). The episode was viewed by 4.66 million people, earning a 1.0/4 in the 18-49 rating demographics on the N... | 442 |
prodicus was the birthplace of which famous orator | [
"fable in which Heracles has to make a choice between Virtue and Vice. He also interpreted religion through the framework of naturalism. Prodicus was a native of Ioulis on the island of Ceos, the birthplace of Simonides, whom he is described as having imitated. Prodicus came frequently to Athens for the purpose of ... | [
"Herodium Herodium (Latin), Herodeion (), best known in Israel as Herodion () and in Arabic as Jabal al-Fureidis (, lit. \"Mountain of the Little Paradise\"); also Har Hordos is a truncated-cone-shaped hill, south of Jerusalem and southeast of Bethlehem, in the Judaean Desert, West Bank. Herod the Great built a pal... | 750 |
what was the nickname given to the anti-austerity movement in greece | [
"Anti-austerity movement in Greece Greece. This second wave of demonstrations proved different from the years before in that they were not partisan and began through peaceful means. Some of the events later turned violent, particularly in the capital city of Athens. Inspired by the anti-austerity protests in Spain,... | [
"Festina lente Festina lente or \"speûde bradéōs\" () is a classical adage and oxymoron meaning \"make haste slowly\" (sometimes rendered in English as \"more haste, less speed\"). It has been adopted as a motto numerous times, particularly by the emperors Augustus and Titus, the Medicis and the Onslows. The origin... | 603 |
what is the title of the follow-up film to the film enter the ninja | [
"Asian Americans in arts and entertainment After thrilling audiences as the third lead and villain in \"Enter the Ninja\" (1981), he was given the solo lead starring role as the hero in the follow-up film \"Revenge of the Ninja\" (1983). Like Bruce Lee did with Kung Fu in the 1970s, Sho Kosugi ignited a worldwide N... | [
"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film) sequel, \"The Girl Who Played with Fire\" (2006). A cover of Led Zeppelin's \"Immigrant Song\" (1970) plays throughout the title sequence. The rendition was produced by soundtrack composers Atticus Ross and Nine Inch Nails member Trent Reznor, and features vocals from Ye... | 39 |
who created the cartoon character pugsley addams | [
"Pugsley Addams Pugsley Addams is a member of the fictional Addams family, created by American cartoonist Charles Addams. Pugsley is depicted as a devious young genius in Charles Addams's original cartoons. He is often shown releasing sailboats in the park with other children, except his boats were more macabre in ... | [
"include cardboard characters which serve as backboards deflecting the ants into the pants. Plastic suspenders (or braces) are another common element, which serve as obstacles. Created by insect-theme game designer William H. Schaper, \"Ants in the Pants\" was originally published by his W.H. Schaper Mfg. Co., Inc.... | 45 |
when was lithium discovered in bolivia and by whom | [
"Mining in Bolivia large reserves of lithium in 1976. By 1985 Bolivia's National Congress had made lithium extraction a national priority and created the Industrial Complex of the Uyuni Saltpan (Complejo Industrial de los Recursos Evaporíticos del Salar de Uyuni) to explore, exploit, and market lithium. Because the... | [
"History of aluminium he had correctly identified the formula of this salt as KAlF. He found no metal, but his experiment came very close to succeeding and was successfully reproduced many times later. Berzelius's mistake was in using an excess of potassium, which made the solution too alkaline; the alkaline soluti... | 569 |
what is the name of the mechanism used to send a new url to the end user | [
"Content delivery network interconnection redirection. The HTTP method uses the HTTP redirection response, e.g. 302, containing a new URL to visit. Besides the option of changing the name of the server in the new URL, the URL can contain the name of the original server, which provides a means for an in-band communi... | [
"browsers. The recommended method for creating the cookie is to perform a fast hash (e.g. MD5) over the IP source and destination addresses, the UDP source and destination ports, and a locally generated secret value. Cookie exchange The cookie exchange in IPsec comes under the Oakley protocol, which is a protocol o... | 458 |
what was jean-phillipe rameau suffering from when he died | [
"Jean-Philippe Rameau on 12 September 1764 after suffering from a fever, thirteen days before his 81st birthday. At his bedside, he objected to a song sung. His last words were, \"What the devil do you mean to sing to me, priest? You are out of tune.\" He was buried in the church of St. Eustache, Paris on the same ... | [
"on seven piano rolls for use in mechanical player pianos. All seven were made in 1916. Berlin theorizes that by the time Joplin made these recordings he may have been experiencing discoordination of the fingers, tremors and an inability to speak clearly, symptoms of syphilis, the disease that took his life in 1917... | 123 |
where is the head of khalistan liberation force located | [
"Khalistan Liberation Force Keepa Shekhupura, and Navneet Singh Khadian (killed 25 Feb 1994). After Navneet Singh Kadian KLF singhs hand over command to Dr. Pritam Singh Sekhon. Harminder Singh Mintoo used to head this organisation until his death in April 2018 at Patiala jail due to heart attack. The KLF was respo... | [
"Kharagpur Kharagpur is an industrial city in Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, India. It is the most populated, multi-cultural and cosmopolitan city of Paschim Medinipur district. The first Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT), a group of Institutes of National Importance, was founded in Kharagpur as ear... | 589 |
precision is the reciprocal of variance in what | [
"Precision (statistics) In statistics, precision is the reciprocal of the variance, and the precision matrix (also known as concentration matrix) is the matrix inverse of the covariance matrix. Some particular statistical models define the term \"precision\" differently. One particular use of the precision matrix i... | [
"with six degrees of freedom per arm, five or six in each leg, and several more in torso and neck. The term is important in mechanical systems, especially biomechanical systems for analyzing and measuring properties of these types of systems that need to account for all six degrees of freedom. Measurement of the si... | 746 |
how much fuel does a 2017 toyota corolla have | [
"Toyota Corolla (E140) All other trims have Toyota's new 1.8-liter 2ZR-FE four-cylinder engine with and of torque. Corollas with the 1.8-liter engine have an EPA fuel economy rating of 27 mpg city/35 mpg highway, both numbers being lower than those achieved by the previous generation. The 2.4-liter is rated at 22 m... | [
"is driving less or switching to a more efficient vehicle. The following table compares, from peer-reviewed studies of full life cycle emissions and from various other studies, the carbon footprint of various forms of energy generation: nuclear, hydro, coal, gas, solar cell, peat and wind generation technology. Not... | 99 |
what is the song blue star tattoo about | [
"Urban legends about drugs \"electrical banana\" is mentioned in one of the lines. According to \"The Rolling Stone Illustrated Encyclopedia of Rock and Roll\", Donovan claimed he was actually referring to a banana-shaped vibrator. The song itself, despite its \"psychedelic\" feel, was written about Donovan's bout ... | [
"Jason Momoa explained that the tattoo is of his \"aumakua\", his Hawaiian family’s crest, the \"manō\", or shark. The triangles represent shark teeth. He said, \"It's supposed to take the darkness out of your heart and bring the light in, but we're still working on that.\" On his right outer forearm, Momoa has a t... | 687 |
when did grove press stop publishing the book tropic of cancer | [
"appeal. Grove’s success in publishing \"Lady Chatterley’s Lover\" paved the way for Rosset to publish another contested work that was ultimately cleared by the courts, Henry Miller's 1934 novel, \"Tropic of Cancer\". The book contained explicit sexual passages and therefore could not be published in the United Sta... | [
"Ballantine Adult Fantasy series series' demise shows that a number of individual works were considered successful. The Ballantines supported the series as long as they remained the publishers of Ballantine Books, but with their sale of the company to Random House in 1973 support from the top was no longer forthcom... | 180 |
where can i find a list of permanent establishment | [
"on the Law of Treaties, no one is entitled to claim rights under a particular treaty unless otherwise authorised by the contracting state. Therefore, if a particular contracting state places a different meaning on the term 'permanent establishment' than what the taxpayer seeks to place, the taxpayer would be left ... | [
"The arena has a seating capacity of 2,505. The United States men's national basketball team hosted their FIBA World Cup qualifying first-round games at Kaiser Permanente Arena on February 23, 2018 against Cuba and on February 26, 2018 against Puerto Rico. The arena also serves as the home of UC Santa Cruz men's an... | 793 |
how many sections in the book of the heavenly cow | [
"religious traditions – may be the inspiration for the work. The Book of the Heavenly Cow is divided in half by the image of the cow and her supporters. There are no visible breaks in the actual text of The Heavenly Cow, aside from the representation of the Heavenly Cow. Due to this there are no clear breaks in the... | [
"an unabridged, complete volume, faithful to the original of 600 chapters. In 646, under the Emperor's request, Xuanzang completed his book \"Great Tang Records on the Western Regions\" (大唐西域記), which has become one of the primary sources for the study of medieval Central Asia and India. This book was first transla... | 653 |
what disease killed two-thirds of the shinnecock indian tribe in 1658 | [
"Shinnecock Indian Nation they had no immunity. In 1658 a smallpox epidemic caused the deaths of nearly two-thirds of the Indians on the island. In addition, their communities were disrupted by land encroachment by Dutch and later English colonists; they had to shift from hunting and fishing to horticulture. By 174... | [
"Krabbe disease Krabbe disease (KD) (also known as globoid cell leukodystrophy or galactosylceramide lipidosis) is a rare and often fatal lysosomal storage disease that results in progressive damage to the nervous system. KD involves dysfunctional metabolism of sphingolipids and is inherited in an autosomal recessi... | 123 |
who was the ministry of foreign trade merged with | [
"Ministry of Foreign Trade (Soviet Union) foreign trade corporations and also known as foreign trade association. In 1946 the People's Commissariat of Foreign Trade was reorganized into the Ministry of Foreign Trade. The Ministry of Foreign Trade, through its FTOs, retained the exclusive right to negotiate and sign... | [
"Federal Foreign Office Empire's Foreign Office in 1871. It is still the name of the German foreign ministry today. From 1871 to 1919, the Foreign Office was led by a Foreign Secretary, and since 1919, it has been led by the Foreign Minister of Germany. The \"Auswärtiges Amt\" was established in 1870 to form the fo... | 578 |
when did pacman come out in game and watch | [
"feature many titles contain. In the \"Game & Watch\" games themselves, the playable characters vary in appearance, as they often sport eyes, teeth and clothes, all of which Mr. Game & Watch lacks. However, in the \"Super Smash Bros.\" series, his trophies list his first appearance as \"Game & Watch, 1980\"; this m... | [
"such as \"Darkest Hour\", \"The Disaster Artist\", \"The Greatest Showman\", \"The Post\", \"I, Tonya\", \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\", \"All the Money in the World\", \"Wonder Woman\", and \"The Shape of Water\". \"Sherlock Gnomes\" was released on Digital HD on June 5, 2018, and was released on Blu-ray and ... | 537 |
what is the evoked potential of an animal | [
"of intervention on the motor system (pharmacological, behavioral, lesion, etc.). TMS-induced MEPs may thus serve as an index of covert motor preparation or facilitation, e.g., induced by the mirror neuron system when seeing someone's else actions. In addition, MEPs are used as a reference to adjust the intensity o... | [
"particular distances. The presubiculum is part of the posterior cortex corresponding to Brodmann's area 27, and forms part of the cortical input to the entorhinal-hippocampal spatial/memory system. The dorsal part of the presubiculum is more commonly known as the postsubiculum and is of interest because it contain... | 163 |
what is it called when a spider eats other people | [
"correlation between hostility, foraging capability, and fecundity. Aggression at a young age leads to an increase in prey consumption and as such, a larger adult size. This behavior \"spills over\" into adulthood, and shows up as a nonadaptive trait that manifests itself through adult females preying on males of t... | [
"Helminthiasis Helminthiasis, also known as worm infection, is any macroparasitic disease of humans and other animals in which a part of the body is infected with parasitic worms, known as helminths. There are numerous species of these parasites, which are broadly classified into tapeworms, flukes, and roundworms. ... | 254 |
when did the embassy row hotel go bankrupt | [
"Allan J. Riley, president of Riley Real Estate Investments. The property exchanged hands for an undisclosed sum. The \"Washington Post\" reported that the hotel paid $74,076 per month in 1988 to use the land. The Embassy Row Hotel continued to struggle, however. By 1991, CapStar Hotel Company had taken over manage... | [
"Embassy of the United States, London the architect for a U.S. embassy must be an American firm with \"numerous security clearances\". In November 2009, the U.S. government conditionally agreed to sell the lease of the Grosvenor Square Chancery Building to Qatari real-estate investment firm Qatari Diar, which in 20... | 636 |
who does patrick ryecart play in an ideal husband | [
"Patrick Ryecart classics of Shaw, Sheridan, and Shakespeare to light comedies, TV situation comedy, thrillers and musicals. Among his notable credits in London are Jack Absolute in \"The Rivals\" with Michael Hordern as his father and Geraldine McEwan as Mrs Malaprop, and Lord Goring in Peter Hall's \"An Ideal Hus... | [
"Prometheus (2012 film) destroy humanity. In the lifeboat, an alien creature bursts out of the Engineer's chest. Other cast members include Kate Dickie as the ship's medic, Ford; Emun Elliott and Benedict Wong as, respectively, ship pilots Chance and Ravel; and Patrick Wilson as Shaw's father. Ian Whyte and Daniel ... | 106 |
who played sir toby in twelfth night | [
"Twelfth Night with music composed by Henry Bishop. Influential productions were staged in 1912, by Harley Granville-Barker, and in 1916, at the Old Vic. Lilian Baylis reopened the long-dormant Sadler's Wells Theatre in 1931 with a notable production of the play starring Ralph Richardson as Sir Toby and John Gielgu... | [
"musical productions. It is one of the two Broadway theaters west of Eighth Avenue. Famous appearances include Basil Rathbone as Romeo with Katharine Cornell as Juliet in December 1934; Burgess Meredith as Mio in \"Winterset\" in 1935; Richard Gere in \"Bent\"; Frank Langella in \"Dracula\"; Elizabeth Taylor in \"T... | 756 |
how many adsorbent artificial cells are retained in the blood | [
"long time been known for its ability to remove toxic substances from the blood in accidental poisoning or overdose. However, perfusion through direct charcoal administration is toxic as it leads to embolisms and damage of blood cells followed by removal by platelets. Artificial cells allow toxins to diffuse into t... | [
"Galectin Galectins are a class of proteins that bind specifically to β-galactoside sugars, such as N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-3GlcNAc or Galβ1-4GlcNAc), which can be bound to proteins by either N-linked or O-linked glycosylation. They are also termed S-type lectins due to their dependency on disulphide bonds for s... | 863 |
how many times brighter is a 6 magnitude star | [
"times brighter than a second magnitude (+2.00) star, and about 100 times brighter than a sixth magnitude star (+6.00). The faintest stars visible to the naked eye under good seeing conditions are about magnitude +6. On both apparent and absolute magnitude scales, the smaller the magnitude number, the brighter the ... | [
"of observers on Earth appears roughly square. The 10.4m telescope Gran Telescopio Canarias recently observed the OB-type stars that power the giant HII regions. Sextans A Sextans A (also known as UGCA 205) is a tiny dwarf irregular galaxy. It spans about 5000 light-years across, and is located at 4.3 million light... | 14 |
when did the song phone call to mama come out | [
"78. Joyce Paul Joyce Paul (1937 – February 15, 2016) was an American country music singer. She is best known for her 1969 hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts, \"Phone Call to Mama\" from her album \"Heartaches, Laughter & Tears\". She was born in Shelbyville, Tennessee and raised in Nashville, Tennes... | [
"as well as the cover by New Edition. The single reached number 12 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart and was the group's third number-one single on the Black Singles chart. Mixes included the instrumental and the \"Extended Version\". Mr. Telephone Man \"Mr. Telephone Man\" is a song by New Edition, and th... | 594 |
where did leonard cohen perform at his 75th birthday | [
"Leonard Cohen on the stage at a concert in Valencia, Spain, Cohen suddenly fainted halfway through performing his song \"Bird on the Wire\", the fourth in the two-act set list; Cohen was brought down backstage by his band members and then admitted to local hospital, while the concert was suspended. It was reported... | [
"Popular Problems Popular Problems is the thirteenth studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Leonard Cohen, released on September 19, 2014 in Friday-release countries (such as France and Ireland) and on September 22, 2014 elsewhere. Most of the songs were new, though Cohen did debut \"Born in Chains\" onstage in... | 766 |
what is the name of dead favours new zealand hit | [
"Zealand leg of their Australasian tour in May. Dead Favours debut single \"Dig\" was released on 10 March 2017 and debuted at #1 on the iTunes New Zealand Rock Chart, as well as charting #4 on the Official New Zealand Music Chart Heatseakers singles chart. Dig peaked at #8 on the Radioscope Radio Rock Charts and #... | [
"with a knife into two circular plates, revealing the inner record which can then be played separately. \"Blue Blood Blues\" was the first song appearing in this format, in a limited release of 300 units that contained the song \"I Feel Strange\" inside. A record-pressing plant in Nashville, Tennessee, filled the c... | 595 |
who gave the film a farewell to arms 2 out of 5 stars | [
"A Farewell to Arms (1957 film) Hecht script and Selznick's invariable tendency to overkill are equally to blame.\" In his review of the DVD release, Jeremiah Kipp of \"Slant Magazine\" awarded the film two out of a possible five stars and stated, \"To those willing to endure \"A Farewell To Arms\": Don't be a hero... | [
"1979 National Society of Film Critics Awards and \"Woyzeck\"<br> 5. Richard Pryor – \"\"<br> 5. Roy Scheider – \"All That Jazz\" 1. Sally Field – \"Norma Rae\"<br> 2. Hanna Schygulla – \"The Marriage of Maria Braun\" (\"Die Ehe der Maria Braun\")<br> 3. Bette Midler – \"The Rose\"<br> 4. Diane Keaton – \"Manhattan... | 310 |
how many stars did as good as it gets have | [
"As Good as It Gets involved.\" However, praise for the film was not uniform among critics. While Roger Ebert gave the film three stars (out of four), he called the film a \"compromise, a film that forces a smile onto material that doesn't wear one easily,\" writing that the film drew \"back to story formulas,\" bu... | [
"Down and Out in Beverly Hills Jerry get back on his feet. The family is initially disgusted by Jerry, but they end up growing fond of him after getting to know him better. The film was a financial success, on a budget of $14,000,000, the film grossed $62,000,000 in the US alone. Critical response for the film was ... | 870 |
on what date did the shah return from rome | [
"Mohammad Mosaddegh the following day, surrendered to General Zahedi, who was meanwhile set up by the CIA with makeshift headquarters at the Officers' Club. Mosaddegh was arrested at the Officers' Club and transferred to a military jail shortly after. On 22 August, the Shah returned from Rome. Zahedi's new governme... | [
"Asadabad, Iran the sea level and is 375 kilometers from the capital Tehran, 190 km east of Kermanshah and 530 km north west of Isfahan. It is the oldest Iranian city and one of the oldest in the world. At the Media era, the dawn of Iranian history, the city was called Hegmataaneh. In Greek documents, however; the ... | 710 |
how long before the nfl draft was shawn oakman arrested for assault | [
"Shawn Oakman scout commented that he would not select Oakman in the first three rounds of the draft. Some of the concerns about Oakman were his skinny lower body, lack of pass-rush technique, and \"inconsistent motor chasing plays and inability to make plays against better competition.\" After Oakman's arrest on a... | [
"Reynolds–Sorgi incident The Reynolds–Sorgi Incident refers to an American college football in-game incident in which Ohio State Buckeyes linebacker Robert Reynolds choked Wisconsin Badgers quarterback Jim Sorgi, injuring Sorgi's trachea, after the play had been whistled dead. Sorgi was unable to play for the remai... | 740 |
how old was pete tunstall when he was captured by the allies | [
"Pete Tunstall Peter David Tunstall (1 December 1918 – 27 July 2013) was a squadron leader in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War and a prisoner of war (POW) held at Colditz Castle. He holds the record for the most time spent by an Allied POW in solitary confinement. Tunstall was born in Chadwell St Mar... | [
"Why We Fight by avoiding normal channels was able to gain access: Made from 1942 to 1945, the seven films range from 40 to 76 minutes in length, and all are available on DVD or online at no cost, since they have always been public domain films produced by the U.S. government. The films were directed by director Fr... | 529 |
what is the name of the nature reserve near tayport in scotland | [
"Morton Lochs Morton Lochs is part of Tentsmuir National Nature Reserve (NNR) located near Tayport, in the north east of Fife, Scotland. It consists of three small lochs important for a variety of waterfowl species. Access to the nature reserve can be gained from the public footpath through Scotscraig golf course i... | [
"On the sporting side, the estate offers Red Deer stalking, trout and salmon fishing and walked-up Red Grouse shooting. The remains of the driven grouse butts can still be seen on Auchlyne. The family still lives in the mansion house at Auchlyne and runs the estate to this day. Auchlyne Auchlyne (Scottish Gaelic: \... | 372 |
i walk alone by jean-jacques goldman | [
"Je marche seul \"Je marche seul\" (\"I Walk Alone\") is the name of a 1985 song recorded by the French singer and songwriter Jean-Jacques Goldman. It was released in June 1985 as the first single from his album \"Non homologué\", as tenth track. Though the song failed to reach number one on the French Singles Char... | [
"deemed to be unclimbable. Hemming died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound outside the Jenny Lake campground in Grand Teton National Park in 1969. Hemming is widely thought to be one of the models for the character named Rand in the James Salter book \"Solo Faces\". Gary Hemming Gary Hemming (December 13, 1934 – 1... | 340 |
when was the 8th generation of linear tape open released | [
"Linear Tape-Open Linear Tape-Open (LTO) is a magnetic tape data storage technology originally developed in the late 1990s as an open standards alternative to the proprietary magnetic tape formats that were available at the time. Hewlett Packard Enterprise, IBM, and Quantum control the LTO Consortium, which directs... | [
"and Roku 2 XS; the current models now provide the option of subtitles, when the program provides them. On October 11, 2011, the Roku LT was introduced as a lower cost, stripped down version of the Roku 2 XS. I/O consists of two AV ports, one HDMI, and one 3.5\" mini plug composite SD analog. The same content capab... | 499 |
what weapon did the iroquois use in the beaver war | [
"Beaver Wars a large part of the region was left depopulated, the Iroquois were unable to establish a permanent presence. Their own tribe lacked the manpower to colonize the large area. After their setbacks and the local tribes' gaining firearms, the Iroquois' brief control over the region was lost. Many of the for... | [
"Pole weapon A pole weapon or pole arm is a close combat weapon in which the main fighting part of the weapon is fitted to the end of a long shaft, typically of wood, thereby extending the user's effective range and striking power. Because most pole weapons were adapted from farm implements or other tools, and cont... | 50 |
how many pester power advertisements are there in the us each day | [
"States sees more than 3,000 advertisements per day across a variety of different media forms (as of 1999) and the average Mexican Child will see 12,000 adverts for junk food every year. Consequently, different methodologies are employed in order to maximize a child’s influence in a household's purchasing habits. E... | [
"by Roark Capital; that share was reduced to 12.3% upon the purchase of Buffalo Wild Wings, and was sold back to Inspire Brands on August 16, 2018, for 450 million dollars, a 38 percent premium. In addition to its classic Roast Beef and Beef 'n Cheddar sandwiches, Arby's products also include deli-style Market Fres... | 476 |
robinson: revanschen is the swedish version of which tv series | [
"challenge, they are listed in order of finish, or alphabetically where it was a team effort; where one castaway won and invited others, the invitees are in brackets.\" Translation of the original Swedish episode quotes and who that said it is listed here: At the second tribal council Mirre was given two votes to c... | [
"TerraNet AB AB was founded in 2004 by the inventor of the technology, Anders Carlius, a serial entrepreneur from Lund, Skåne County. Carlius, who came from a background in chip manufacturing with Switchcore and also worked for web portal operator Spray Network, served as the first CEO until 2010. Since its incepti... | 905 |
who induced polyploidy in frogs | [
"their parents. Polyploidy was induced in fish by Har Swarup (1956) using a cold-shock treatment of the eggs close to the time of fertilization, which produced triploid embryos that successfully matured. Cold or heat shock has also been shown to result in unreduced amphibian gametes, though this occurs more commonl... | [
"Plasmodium falciparum W.E. Doering in 1944. Woodward received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1965. Attempts to make synthetic antimalarials began in 1891. Atabrine, developed in 1933, was used widely throughout the Pacific in World War II, but was unpopular because of its adverse effects. In the late 1930s, the G... | 853 |
what is the most viewed statue in the united states | [
"Spirit of the American Doughboy one in every state of the Union, but this is believed to be an inflated figure. Two of the statues, both in Arkansas, are individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places; one in Helena and one in Fort Smith. Installed in cemeteries, town squares, and parks, outside m... | [
"United States Capitol Washington as the National Capitol Columns, where they are combined with a reflecting pool in an ensemble that reminds some visitors of the ruins of Persepolis, in Persia. Besides the columns, hundreds of blocks of the original stone were removed and are stored behind a National Park Service ... | 122 |
who was the king of aragon when majorca was conquered | [
"entry into the city by James on horseback and dressed in a coat of mail. The other entry depicted the surrender of the Vali. Conquest of Majorca The Conquest of the island of Majorca on behalf of the Christian kingdoms was carried out by King James I of Aragon between 1229 and 1231. The pact to carry out the invas... | [
"Spanish conquest of Guatemala In the early 17th century, the grandson of the K'iche' king informed the alcalde mayor (the highest colonial official at the time) that the K'iche' army that had marched out of Q'umarkaj to confront the invaders numbered 30,000 warriors, a claim that is considered credible by modern s... | 955 |
who killed jake in kanes and abel | [
"Kanes and Abel's Logan tells her that one time, Duncan, in an epileptic fit, he almost killed Jake. Veronica begins to suspect that Vinnie Van Lowe is behind the Sabrina case as she has tracked the car alarm to his ex-wife. Veronica plants a video tracker in his office, but Veronica suddenly figures out that Hamil... | [
"Minecraft: Story Mode since portraits of the YouTubers and the Order somehow appeared in the house. While meeting Sparklez and TorqueDawg, all lights go out and TorqueDawg is mysteriously killed by a trap with poisoned arrows. Through a series of investigation, causing the death trap of CaptainSparklez, right afte... | 351 |
when did the straube piano company stop making pianos | [
"Straube Piano Company the War Production Board (WPB) ordered that manufacturing of pianos at the Rockford plant cease by July 31, 1942. Under a war contract between C.G. Conn, Ltd., and the U.S. War Department, the Rockford plant produced parts for gliders and trainer planes from 1942 to 1946. The last published r... | [
"Stollwerck Stollwerck GmbH is a German chocolate manufacturer. It was founded in 1839 and expanded internationally in Europe and America, becoming the second largest producer of chocolate in the United States by 1900. Since 2011 it has belonged to Belgian firm Baronie Group. In 1839 the baker Franz Stollwerck star... | 1,011 |
when did uganda win the world lacrosse championship | [
"Uganda men's national lacrosse team The Uganda men's national lacrosse team represents Uganda in international lacrosse competitions. It is organized by the Uganda Lacrosse. The Uganda national team made their international debut in 2014 by featuring in the World Lacrosse Championship for the first time at the 201... | [
"boards and committees. The WDIA in January 2011 was also reorganized and renamed the Women's Collegiate Lacrosse Associates (WCLA). US Lacrosse Intercollegiate Associates The US Lacrosse Intercollegiate Associates (USLIA) are programs created by US Lacrosse, the national governing body for lacrosse in the United S... | 153 |
when did big talk acquire itv studios | [
"Ten in Australia. It also co-produced, with BBC Cymru Wales, a one-off \"This Life\" reunion special, which aired in early 2007. Big Talk Productions is a film and television production company founded on 11 February 1994 by Nira Park and acquired by ITV Studios on 26 July 2013. The company has produced critically... | [
"It changed its name to Grand Metropolitan in 1973. In 1980 it bought Liggett Group, a US tobacco and drinks business. In 1981 it bought Warner Holidays and Intercontinental Hotels Corporation. In 1986 the Company sold the Liggett Group to Bennett S. LeBow. It acquired Heublein wines and spirits in 1987, which made... | 164 |
where did hurricane matthew make landfall in south carolina | [
"Hurricane Matthew and final landfall over the Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge near McClellanville, South Carolina as a Category 1 hurricane on the morning of October 8. Matthew re-emerged into the Atlantic shortly afterward, eventually completing its transition into an extratropical cyclone as it turned away ... | [
"Dylann Roof On the evening of June 17, 2015, a mass shooting took place at Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in downtown Charleston, South Carolina, United States. During a routine Bible study at the church, a white man about 21 years old, later identified as Roof, opened fire with a handgun, killing nine... | 802 |
where did wilma find the diamond in flintstones | [
"The Flintstones: On the Rocks with Wilma's, and he immediately begins plotting to get the diamond back. At first, things do not improve between Fred and Wilma, to the point that Wilma lashes out at Fred and very nearly decides to divorce him, but she stumbles across the diamond in her suitcase and, assuming that F... | [
"The Squirt and the Monkey stolen one—in the drawer, then open the drawer in the presence of the five people he suspects of the theft and watch their reactions. These five are Harry's wife Marcelle, his friend Adrian Getz (nicknamed \"Squirt\" by Harry), his agent/manager Patricia Lowell, and strip artists Pete Jor... | 437 |
who played dick nelson in the live wire | [
"The Live Wire (1935 film) The Live Wire is a 1935 American adventure film directed and produced by Harry S. Webb for Reliable Pictures, starring stuntman Richard Talmadge in the lead role. Two Professors find an ancient vase at a shop on the docks. They track down Dick Nelson (Richard Talmadge), the sailor who sol... | [
"America on Infinity Hall Live Season 04, Episode 01, which first aired on PBS in June 2015. He is credited with vocals, bass, keyboards and tour management. Richard Campbell is a member of the American Federation of Musicians, SAG-AFTRA, and a voting member of NARAS, and currently lives in Los Angeles with his wif... | 627 |
in what year did prinair flight 191 crash | [
"Aviation safety general aviation pilots and called single pilot resource management training. Failure of the pilots to properly monitor the flight instruments caused the crash of Eastern Air Lines Flight 401 in 1972. Controlled flight into terrain (CFIT), and error during take-off and landing can have catastrophic... | [
"Dion DiMucci with Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, the Big Bopper (J.P. Richardson), Frankie Sardo, and other performers. On February 3, 1959, after a concert stop in Clear Lake, Iowa, Holly and others decided to charter a flight to the next venue rather than travel on the tour bus. Dion was invited to accompany the g... | 111 |
what was destroyed in the fire at updown court | [
"during the storm the property had been destroyed by fire. Trees felled by the storm had brought down power lines, causing an explosion in the house and starting a fire. When Surrey Fire and Rescue Service had tried to reach Updown Court, they found their way blocked by more fallen trees and were unable to reach th... | [
"Aldermaston they left their machinery in the open in an attempt to limit additional damage. In 1843, the manor house was destroyed by fire, news of which was carried in \"The Illustrated London News\". The estate passed into the Court of Chancery and was purchased by Daniel Higford Davall Burr. In 1848, Burr commi... | 966 |
when did gabriela sabatini win her first grand slam | [
"Gabriela Sabatini Gabriela Beatriz Sabatini (; born 16 May 1970) is an Argentine former professional tennis player. She was one of the leading players on the women's circuit in the late-1980s and early-1990s. She won one women's grand slam singles title at the US Open in 1990, the women's grand slam doubles title ... | [
"Chanda Rubin wife, Bernadette Fontenot Rubin. They have two other children. Rubin married Mireyou Hollier in April 2015 and their daughter was born in October 2016. Rubin is very private about her personal life. Throughout her long career, she has been ranked as high as No. 6 in the world even though she has been ... | 126 |
what is the name of the detective agency in the cussler novel the spy | [
"The Spy (Cussler novel) The Spy is an Isaac Bell adventure tale, the third in that series. The hardcover edition was released June 1, 2010. Other editions were released on different dates. This novel is set in 1908, as international tensions are rising and moving the world toward war. A notable American battleship... | [
"The Moonstone The Moonstone (1868) by Wilkie Collins is a 19th-century British epistolary novel. It is generally considered to be the first detective novel, and it established many of the ground rules of the modern detective novel. The story was originally serialised in Charles Dickens' magazine \"All the Year Rou... | 1,012 |
who commanded the us army forces in the philippines during the malaise siege | [
"Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays defense system. Due to the Washington Naval Treaty's prohibition on new fortifications, most of the complex was built without appropriated funds, using Filipino convict labor for unskilled tasks, and explosives slated for disposal. During the siege, the Malinta Tunnel prove... | [
"Battle of Midway The Battle of Midway was a decisive naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II which occurred between 4 and 7 June 1942, only six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after the Battle of the Coral Sea. The United States Navy under Admirals Chester Nimitz, Frank Jack F... | 448 |
when was the song high noon written | [
"The Ballad of High Noon “The Ballad of High Noon” (or “Do Not Forsake Me, O My Darlin’”) is a popular song published in 1952, with music by Dimitri Tiomkin and lyrics by Ned Washington. It is the theme song of the movie \"High Noon\", sung over the opening credits by Tex Ritter, with its tune repeated throughout t... | [
"Blowin' in the Wind \"Blowin' in the Wind\" is a song written by Bob Dylan in 1962 and released as a single and on his album \"The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan\" in 1963. Although it has been described as a protest song, it poses a series of rhetorical questions about peace, war, and freedom. The refrain \"The answer, m... | 780 |
who first described the discovery of porto santo and madeira | [
"History of Madeira Madeira was the world's greatest producer of sugar. In the earliest times, fish constituted about half of the settlers' diet, together with vegetables and fruit. The first local agricultural activity with some success was the raising of wheat. Initially, the colonists produced wheat for their ow... | [
"the tables to the nascent Royal Society in October 1667, which displayed them in the \"repository\" (museum) in the west gallery of Gresham College on Bishopsgate from 1674. A paper on the tables of arteries and veins was presented by William Cowper on 21 January 1701 and later printed in \"Philosophical Transacti... | 371 |
who is responsible for the renovation of hoel lambert | [
"Hôtel Lambert tenant Michèle Morgan suggested that super-rich clients wanting a tailor-made luxury modern residence should consider a larger site on the outskirts of Paris rather than a cramped position limited on all sides by the river Seine and listed monuments. However, Alain-Charles Perrot, the architect in c... | [
"it a different shape. The developer of the Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre, New World Development, which is a subsidiary of Chow Tai Fook Enterprises, held a competition to design the building. The American firm Kohn Pedersen Fox won the competition in 2009 and thus became the main architect. The Guangzhou Design Ins... | 768 |
what is the name of the ridge near signal mountain tennessee | [
"Signal Mountain, Tennessee Signal Mountain is a town in Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States. The town is a suburb of Chattanooga and is located on Walden Ridge. \"Signal Mountain\" is used as a colloquial name for the part of Walden Ridge close to the town. The town population was 7,554 as of the 2010 census... | [
"valleys. Chenocetah Mountain Chenocetah Mountain, known to locals as \"Tower Mountain,\" is located near the towns of Mount Airy and Cornelia, Georgia. The mountain has an elevation of . Atop the mountain, the WPA built an observation tower in 1937 for the Forest Service; it is used as a fire tower for observation... | 503 |
who plays sebastian in the reign tv show | [
"Reign (TV series) before March 1, 2013, and British newcomer Celina Sinden was cast as Mary's lady-in-waiting Greer on that date. Torrance Coombs was announced as having been cast as Sebastian, one of the leading characters, in March 2013. Sebastian is an original character created for the show, so Coombs didn't h... | [
"Jonathan Rhys Meyers Jonathan Rhys Meyers (born Jonathan Michael Francis O'Keeffe; 27 July 1977) is an Irish actor. He is known for his roles in the films \"Velvet Goldmine\" (1998), \"Bend It Like Beckham\" (2002), \"Match Point\" (2005), \"\" (2006) and his television roles as Elvis Presley in the biographical m... | 442 |
which magazine published the novel light house | [
"Light House: A Trifle When they land on the island, Briscoe runs into the lighthouse and blows himself up. Amongst the rubble of the lighthouse, Picasso notices the inscription \"MORTE D'AUTHOR\" painted on one of the surrounding rocks and says to the innkeeper \"He's been thinking about this for some time, George... | [
"Robert Giroux former director of Faber & Faber. He published many novels rejected by other publishing houses, such as Bernard Malamud's \"The Natural\" (1952), Kerouac's \"The Town and the City\" (1950) and O'Connor's \"Wise Blood\" (1952). He also worked on Thomas Merton's autobiography, \"The Seven Storey Mounta... | 466 |
who counseled raoul of merencourt | [
"Raoul of Merencourt the kingdom were uncertain of John of Brienne's ability to lead. In 1211 Albert sent Raoul to seek the counsel of Pope Innocent III. He returned with clear instructions to support John as regent-king for his daughter. At Albert's assassination on 14 September 1214, while in procession to the ca... | [
"Gregory IX nominated him Cardinal Deacon of Sant'Eustachio, and that he died en route to Rome. Consequently, he is traditionally depicted as wearing the scarlet red mozzetta of a cardinal. However, Italian historian Agostino Paravicini Bagliani has established that this account resulted from a confusion of Raymond... | 722 |
where was the movie kanche filmed in 2015 | [
"Burra wrote the film's dialogue. Principal photography commenced on 27 February 2015 in Hyderabad. \"Kanche\" was filmed in Tatipaka, Draksharamam, Kapotavaram, and in Peruru Agraharam near Palakollu. Major sets were erected in Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad. The war sequences were filmed in Georgia and the film's un... | [
"27 Down seeing life differently, but when his father finds about their relationship, he fixes his marriage with some other girl. The film was shot on location on Mumbai trains, platforms, and at Mumbai's Victoria Terminus station, the cinematographer of the film, Apurba Kishore Bir was 22 years old when he got the... | 0 |
in which year was footballer paul ince born | [
"Paul Ince Paul Emerson Carlyle Ince (; born 21 October 1967) is an English football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a midfielder from 1982 to 2007. Born in Ilford, London, Ince spent the majority of his playing career at the highest level; after leaving West Ham United he joined Manchest... | [
"2011 and got married to her on 12 September 2015. They welcomed their first-born Devante on 7 January 2017. http://www.rsbc.org.uk/blogs/blind-footballer-and-paralympian-darren-harris-retires/ https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/west-bromwich-albion-fc/2015/10/21/albion-try-blind-and-power-chair-football/found-24... | 265 |
who is the sponsor of albanian american enterprise fund ( aaef ) | [
"Albanian-American Enterprise Fund in a wide array of private enterprises, disseminates western business know-how, and, when appropriate, proposes changes to government policies affecting business. In addition, AAEF provides its portfolio investments with training to establish best business practices that incorpora... | [
"Marc Rich Marc Rich (born Marcell David Reich; December 18, 1934 – June 26, 2013) was an international commodities trader, hedge fund manager, financier and businessman. He was best known for founding the commodities company Glencore and for being indicted in the United States on federal charges of tax evasion and... | 860 |
what is wrong with philip in alexander and the horrible horrible horrible day | [
"Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day (film) with him to the interview after dropping Kelly off at work. At school, Paul gives Alexander good news: Philip's birthday party is canceled (as Philip has the chicken pox), so the kids (including Becky and Paul) that were originally going to attend ... | [
"The Philanderer the room and unsuccessfully reminds Julia of her supposedly advanced views on marriage. She changes from belligerence to pleading tears, without effect, and, to the consternation of both, the fathers of Grace and Julia enter together. Colonel Craven is suffering from a liver complaint, and much to ... | 995 |
who is the only player in the nhl to wear jofa helmets | [
"Peter Forsberg, Phil Housley, Teemu Selänne, Daniel Sedin and his brother Henrik Sedin. Reebok has phased out the use of the Jofa brand on its hockey equipment, in favour of its core CCM and Rbk brands. The Rbk brand has subsequently been changed to Reebok Hockey. Despite not producing hockey equipment since the 2... | [
"the NHL ruled that he had instigated the fight. On September 6, 1985, Mark Messier lost control of his Porsche and totaled it by hitting three parked cars. He was later charged with hit and run and careless driving, for which he paid a fine. He won four more Cups with the Oilers, 1985, 1987, 1988 and 1990, the las... | 1,013 |
who presided over the trial of magdalena markac in zagreb | [
"Mladen Markač a three-to-two majority opinion, the appeals panel rendered a not guilty verdict on 16 November 2012. The presiding judge was Theodor Meron, who proclaimed the verdict. The previous verdict sentenced him to 18 years in prison, while Ante Gotovina was sentenced to 24 years. Both were accused of being... | [
"Lady in the Lake trial original trial, it is hoped the conviction will be quashed and a retrial ordered... Upon his conviction, Mr Park's family and friends launched a campaign to clear his name, claiming there was no single piece of evidence that pointed indisputably to him. Representing Park in the appeal was so... | 753 |
who did elisabeth röhm play in angel tv series | [
"Angel (1999 TV series) recurring characters are Lilah Morgan (Seasons 1–4) and Lindsey McDonald (Seasons 1, 2 and 5), appearing in 36 and 21 episodes, respectively; Lindsey is the only character besides Angel to appear in both the first and last episode of the series. Angel's sire Darla (Julie Benz), first seen in... | [
"Inside Out (Angel) awestruck. The costume for Skip took three and a half hours to put on, and required an additional five hours of makeup. Although David Denman hated the process, he was \"surprised and very excited\" after learning that Skip was actually a villain. Julie Benz was called back to reprise her role a... | 130 |
when was reference re manitoba language rights amended | [
"Remedies in Singapore constitutional law one with far-reaching effects. Hence, to overcome the negative impact of such a lacuna, the Supreme Court of Canada has adopted the remedy of granting temporary validity to unconstitutional legislation for the minimum time necessary for the legislature to enact alternative ... | [
"perfectly normal. An example of a European French Anglicism not used in Quebec: An example of a Quebec French Anglicism not used in France; Furthermore, the social meaning and acceptance of anglicisms differs from country to country due to the differences in the historical relationship to French. In Quebec, anglic... | 600 |
who did penn withdraw from the usill in 1907 | [
"United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association was not necessarily the best team in the United States. The members of the USILL in 1906 were Columbia University, Cornell University, Harvard University, Johns Hopkins University, Lehigh University, University of Pennsylvania, Stevens Institute of Technology and ... | [
"Joseph B. Foraker with President Theodore Roosevelt over railroad regulation and political patronage. Their largest disagreement was over the Brownsville Affair, in which black soldiers were accused of terrorizing a Texas town, and Roosevelt dismissed the entire battalion. Foraker zealously opposed Roosevelt's act... | 78 |
which gymnastics group performed at the closing ceremony of the 2009 asean para | [
"2009 ASEAN Para Games followed by four national paralympians - Nadrul Shakir Nor Zainal (swimming), Marriappan Perumal (powerlifting), Siow Lee Chan (powerlifting) and Mohd Riduan Emeari (athletics) ushering in the Games torch before the cauldron was lit. Finally, a 120-strong gymnastics group from Soka Gakkai ent... | [
"medals. Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's uneven bars Women's uneven bars competition at the 2008 Summer Olympics was held on August 18 at the Beijing National Indoor Stadium. The eight competitors (with a maximum of two per nation) with the highest scores in qualifying proceeded to the women's unev... | 735 |