"""Scaled GPU proxy for the paper's monochromatic-subgraph experiment. This is deliberately a small independent implementation: 5x5 grids with random edge deletions, node colours, a transformer regressor, and optional spectral WIRE rotations in every self-attention layer. It is not claimed to reproduce the paper's full 10k/1k, 250-epoch run. """ from __future__ import annotations import json import os import random import time from pathlib import Path import numpy as np import torch from torch import nn N = 25 GRID_EDGES = [(r * 5 + c, r * 5 + c + 1) for r in range(5) for c in range(4)] GRID_EDGES += [(r * 5 + c, (r + 1) * 5 + c) for r in range(4) for c in range(5)] def make_dataset(count: int, seed: int, ape_dim: int = 3) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]: rng = np.random.default_rng(seed) laplacians = np.zeros((count, N, N), dtype=np.float32) colours = rng.integers(0, 2, size=(count, N), dtype=np.int64) labels = np.zeros(count, dtype=np.float32) for b in range(count): edges = [e for e in GRID_EDGES if rng.random() > rng.uniform(0.05, 0.45)] # Keep the grid backbone connected enough for meaningful low modes. a = np.zeros((N, N), dtype=np.float32) for i, j in edges: a[i, j] = a[j, i] = 1.0 laplacians[b] = np.diag(a.sum(axis=1)) - a seen = np.zeros(N, dtype=bool) best = 0 for start in range(N): if seen[start]: continue colour = colours[b, start] stack = [start] seen[start] = True size = 0 while stack: node = stack.pop() size += 1 for nxt in np.flatnonzero(a[node]): if not seen[nxt] and colours[b, nxt] == colour: seen[nxt] = True stack.append(int(nxt)) best = max(best, size) labels[b] = best / N _, vecs = np.linalg.eigh(laplacians) # Include low-frequency spectral coordinates as APE inputs for both arms; # WIRE uses the same coordinates to generate rotations. spectral = vecs[:, :, : max(ape_dim, 3)] colour_onehot = np.eye(2, dtype=np.float32)[colours] x = np.concatenate([colour_onehot, spectral], axis=-1).astype(np.float32) return torch.from_numpy(x), torch.from_numpy(labels), torch.from_numpy(spectral[:, :, :ape_dim].astype(np.float32)) class WireAttention(nn.Module): def __init__(self, d_model: int, heads: int, wire_dim: int): super().__init__() assert d_model % heads == 0 and (d_model // heads) % 2 == 0 self.heads = heads self.head_dim = d_model // heads self.wire_dim = wire_dim self.qkv = nn.Linear(d_model, 3 * d_model) self.out = nn.Linear(d_model, d_model) self.freq = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(heads, self.head_dim // 2, max(wire_dim, 1)) * 0.15) def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, spectral: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: batch, nodes, d_model = x.shape q, k, v = self.qkv(x).chunk(3, dim=-1) q = q.view(batch, nodes, self.heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2) k = k.view(batch, nodes, self.heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2) v = v.view(batch, nodes, self.heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2) if self.wire_dim: angles = torch.einsum("bnm,hdm->bhnd", spectral[..., : self.wire_dim], self.freq[..., : self.wire_dim]) def rotate(z: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: z = z.view(batch, self.heads, nodes, self.head_dim // 2, 2) c, s = angles.cos(), angles.sin() x0, x1 = z[..., 0], z[..., 1] return torch.stack([c * x0 - s * x1, s * x0 + c * x1], dim=-1).flatten(-2) q, k = rotate(q), rotate(k) weights = torch.softmax(q @ k.transpose(-1, -2) / self.head_dim**0.5, dim=-1) return self.out((weights @ v).transpose(1, 2).reshape(batch, nodes, d_model)) class Block(nn.Module): def __init__(self, d_model: int, heads: int, wire_dim: int): super().__init__() self.norm1 = nn.LayerNorm(d_model) self.attn = WireAttention(d_model, heads, wire_dim) self.norm2 = nn.LayerNorm(d_model) self.ff = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(d_model, 2 * d_model), nn.GELU(), nn.Linear(2 * d_model, d_model)) def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, spectral: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: x = x + self.attn(self.norm1(x), spectral) return x + self.ff(self.norm2(x)) class GraphTransformer(nn.Module): def __init__(self, input_dim: int, wire_dim: int): super().__init__() self.embed = nn.Linear(input_dim, 32) self.blocks = nn.ModuleList([Block(32, 4, wire_dim) for _ in range(2)]) self.head = nn.Sequential(nn.LayerNorm(32), nn.Linear(32, 1)) def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, spectral: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: h = self.embed(x) for block in self.blocks: h = block(h, spectral) return self.head(h.mean(dim=1)).squeeze(-1) def train_arm(train: tuple[torch.Tensor, ...], test: tuple[torch.Tensor, ...], wire_dim: int, seed: int, device: torch.device) -> float: torch.manual_seed(seed) model = GraphTransformer(train[0].shape[-1], wire_dim).to(device) optimizer = torch.optim.AdamW(model.parameters(), lr=2e-3, weight_decay=1e-4) x, y, s = [v.to(device) for v in train] xt, yt, st = [v.to(device) for v in test] for _ in range(80): order = torch.randperm(len(x), device=device) for idx in order.split(64): pred = model(x[idx], s[idx]) loss = ((pred - y[idx]) ** 2).mean() optimizer.zero_grad(set_to_none=True) loss.backward() optimizer.step() model.eval() with torch.no_grad(): rmse = float(torch.sqrt(((model(xt, st) - yt) ** 2).mean()).cpu()) return rmse def main() -> None: start = time.time() random.seed(18382) np.random.seed(18382) device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu") train = make_dataset(1600, 18382) test = make_dataset(400, 19382) results = { "paper": "https://huggingface.co/papers/2509.22259", "job_proxy": "monochromatic-subgraph; 1,600/400 graphs vs paper 10,000/1,000; 80 vs 250 epochs; 2-layer 32d model vs 4-layer 32d; 2 seeds", "device": str(device), "baseline_rmse": [], "wire_rmse": [], } for seed in (0, 1): results["baseline_rmse"].append(train_arm(train, test, 0, seed, device)) results["wire_rmse"].append(train_arm(train, test, 3, seed, device)) results["baseline_mean"] = float(np.mean(results["baseline_rmse"])) results["wire_mean"] = float(np.mean(results["wire_rmse"])) results["relative_rmse_change_pct"] = 100 * (results["wire_mean"] / results["baseline_mean"] - 1) results["wall_seconds"] = time.time() - start out_dir = Path("/data") if Path("/data").exists() else Path(".") out_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) (out_dir / "synthetic_results.json").write_text(json.dumps(results, indent=2) + "\n") print(json.dumps(results, indent=2)) if __name__ == "__main__": main()