Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: mandatorily redeemable securities of subsidiary trusts total mandatorily redeemable securities of subsidiary trusts ( trust preferred securities ) , which qualify as tier 1 capital , were $ 23.899 billion at december 31 , 2008 , as compared to $ 23.594 billion at december 31 , 2007 . in 2008 , citigroup did not issue any new enhanced trust preferred securities . the frb issued a final rule , with an effective date of april 11 , 2005 , which retains trust preferred securities in tier 1 capital of bank holding companies , but with stricter quantitative limits and clearer qualitative standards . under the rule , after a five-year transition period , the aggregate amount of trust preferred securities and certain other restricted core capital elements included in tier 1 capital of internationally active banking organizations , such as citigroup , would be limited to 15% ( 15 % ) of total core capital elements , net of goodwill , less any associated deferred tax liability . the amount of trust preferred securities and certain other elements in excess of the limit could be included in tier 2 capital , subject to restrictions . at december 31 , 2008 , citigroup had approximately 11.8% ( 11.8 % ) against the limit . the company expects to be within restricted core capital limits prior to the implementation date of march 31 , 2009 . the frb permits additional securities , such as the equity units sold to adia , to be included in tier 1 capital up to 25% ( 25 % ) ( including the restricted core capital elements in the 15% ( 15 % ) limit ) of total core capital elements , net of goodwill less any associated deferred tax liability . at december 31 , 2008 , citigroup had approximately 16.1% ( 16.1 % ) against the limit . the frb granted interim capital relief for the impact of adopting sfas 158 at december 31 , 2008 and december 31 , 2007 . the frb and the ffiec may propose amendments to , and issue interpretations of , risk-based capital guidelines and reporting instructions . these may affect reported capital ratios and net risk-weighted assets . capital resources of citigroup 2019s depository institutions citigroup 2019s subsidiary depository institutions in the united states are subject to risk-based capital guidelines issued by their respective primary federal bank regulatory agencies , which are similar to the frb 2019s guidelines . to be 201cwell capitalized 201d under federal bank regulatory agency definitions , citigroup 2019s depository institutions must have a tier 1 capital ratio of at least 6% ( 6 % ) , a total capital ( tier 1 + tier 2 capital ) ratio of at least 10% ( 10 % ) and a leverage ratio of at least 5% ( 5 % ) , and not be subject to a regulatory directive to meet and maintain higher capital levels . at december 31 , 2008 , all of citigroup 2019s subsidiary depository institutions were 201cwell capitalized 201d under the federal regulatory agencies 2019 definitions , including citigroup 2019s primary depository institution , citibank , n.a. , as noted in the following table : citibank , n.a . components of capital and ratios under regulatory guidelines in billions of dollars at year end 2008 2007 .

1	in billions of dollars at year end	2008	2007

2	tier 1 capital	$ 71.0	$ 82.0

3	total capital ( tier 1 and tier 2 )	108.4	121.6

4	tier 1 capital ratio	9.94% ( 9.94 % )	8.98% ( 8.98 % )

5	total capital ratio ( tier 1 and tier 2 )	15.18	13.33

6	leverage ratio ( 1 )	5.82	6.65

 leverage ratio ( 1 ) 5.82 6.65 ( 1 ) tier 1 capital divided by adjusted average assets . citibank , n.a . had a net loss for 2008 amounting to $ 6.2 billion . during 2008 , citibank , n.a . received contributions from its parent company of $ 6.1 billion . citibank , n.a . did not issue any additional subordinated notes in 2008 . total subordinated notes issued to citicorp holdings inc . that were outstanding at december 31 , 2008 and december 31 , 2007 and included in citibank , n.a . 2019s tier 2 capital , amounted to $ 28.2 billion . citibank , n.a . received an additional $ 14.3 billion in capital contribution from its parent company in january 2009 . the impact of this contribution is not reflected in the table above . the substantial events in 2008 impacting the capital of citigroup , and the potential future events discussed on page 94 under 201ccitigroup regulatory capital ratios , 201d also affected , or could affect , citibank , n.a. .
Conversations:
q0: what was the tier 2 capital in 2008? {answer0}
q1: and what was it in 2007? {answer1}
q2: how much, then, did the 2008 amount represent in relation to this 2007 one? {answer2}
q3: and in that last year of the period, what was the total capital? {answer3}
Question: what was it in 2007?
Answer:

Answer: 121.6


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: mandatorily redeemable securities of subsidiary trusts total mandatorily redeemable securities of subsidiary trusts ( trust preferred securities ) , which qualify as tier 1 capital , were $ 23.899 billion at december 31 , 2008 , as compared to $ 23.594 billion at december 31 , 2007 . in 2008 , citigroup did not issue any new enhanced trust preferred securities . the frb issued a final rule , with an effective date of april 11 , 2005 , which retains trust preferred securities in tier 1 capital of bank holding companies , but with stricter quantitative limits and clearer qualitative standards . under the rule , after a five-year transition period , the aggregate amount of trust preferred securities and certain other restricted core capital elements included in tier 1 capital of internationally active banking organizations , such as citigroup , would be limited to 15% ( 15 % ) of total core capital elements , net of goodwill , less any associated deferred tax liability . the amount of trust preferred securities and certain other elements in excess of the limit could be included in tier 2 capital , subject to restrictions . at december 31 , 2008 , citigroup had approximately 11.8% ( 11.8 % ) against the limit . the company expects to be within restricted core capital limits prior to the implementation date of march 31 , 2009 . the frb permits additional securities , such as the equity units sold to adia , to be included in tier 1 capital up to 25% ( 25 % ) ( including the restricted core capital elements in the 15% ( 15 % ) limit ) of total core capital elements , net of goodwill less any associated deferred tax liability . at december 31 , 2008 , citigroup had approximately 16.1% ( 16.1 % ) against the limit . the frb granted interim capital relief for the impact of adopting sfas 158 at december 31 , 2008 and december 31 , 2007 . the frb and the ffiec may propose amendments to , and issue interpretations of , risk-based capital guidelines and reporting instructions . these may affect reported capital ratios and net risk-weighted assets . capital resources of citigroup 2019s depository institutions citigroup 2019s subsidiary depository institutions in the united states are subject to risk-based capital guidelines issued by their respective primary federal bank regulatory agencies , which are similar to the frb 2019s guidelines . to be 201cwell capitalized 201d under federal bank regulatory agency definitions , citigroup 2019s depository institutions must have a tier 1 capital ratio of at least 6% ( 6 % ) , a total capital ( tier 1 + tier 2 capital ) ratio of at least 10% ( 10 % ) and a leverage ratio of at least 5% ( 5 % ) , and not be subject to a regulatory directive to meet and maintain higher capital levels . at december 31 , 2008 , all of citigroup 2019s subsidiary depository institutions were 201cwell capitalized 201d under the federal regulatory agencies 2019 definitions , including citigroup 2019s primary depository institution , citibank , n.a. , as noted in the following table : citibank , n.a . components of capital and ratios under regulatory guidelines in billions of dollars at year end 2008 2007 .

1	in billions of dollars at year end	2008	2007

2	tier 1 capital	$ 71.0	$ 82.0

3	total capital ( tier 1 and tier 2 )	108.4	121.6

4	tier 1 capital ratio	9.94% ( 9.94 % )	8.98% ( 8.98 % )

5	total capital ratio ( tier 1 and tier 2 )	15.18	13.33

6	leverage ratio ( 1 )	5.82	6.65

 leverage ratio ( 1 ) 5.82 6.65 ( 1 ) tier 1 capital divided by adjusted average assets . citibank , n.a . had a net loss for 2008 amounting to $ 6.2 billion . during 2008 , citibank , n.a . received contributions from its parent company of $ 6.1 billion . citibank , n.a . did not issue any additional subordinated notes in 2008 . total subordinated notes issued to citicorp holdings inc . that were outstanding at december 31 , 2008 and december 31 , 2007 and included in citibank , n.a . 2019s tier 2 capital , amounted to $ 28.2 billion . citibank , n.a . received an additional $ 14.3 billion in capital contribution from its parent company in january 2009 . the impact of this contribution is not reflected in the table above . the substantial events in 2008 impacting the capital of citigroup , and the potential future events discussed on page 94 under 201ccitigroup regulatory capital ratios , 201d also affected , or could affect , citibank , n.a. .
Conversations:
q0: what was the tier 2 capital in 2008? {answer0}
q1: and what was it in 2007? {answer1}
q2: how much, then, did the 2008 amount represent in relation to this 2007 one? {answer2}
q3: and in that last year of the period, what was the total capital? {answer3}
q4: what was it in 2007? {answer4}
Question: by how much, then, did it increase over the year?
Answer:

Answer: -13.2


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: backlog applied manufactures systems to meet demand represented by order backlog and customer commitments . backlog consists of : ( 1 ) orders for which written authorizations have been accepted and assigned shipment dates are within the next 12 months , or shipment has occurred but revenue has not been recognized ; and ( 2 ) contractual service revenue and maintenance fees to be earned within the next 12 months . backlog by reportable segment as of october 27 , 2013 and october 28 , 2012 was as follows : 2013 2012 ( in millions , except percentages ) .

1		2013	2012		( in millions except percentages )

2	silicon systems group	$ 1295	55% ( 55 % )	$ 705	44% ( 44 % )

3	applied global services	591	25% ( 25 % )	580	36% ( 36 % )

4	display	361	15% ( 15 % )	206	13% ( 13 % )

5	energy and environmental solutions	125	5% ( 5 % )	115	7% ( 7 % )

6	total	$ 2372	100% ( 100 % )	$ 1606	100% ( 100 % )

 applied 2019s backlog on any particular date is not necessarily indicative of actual sales for any future periods , due to the potential for customer changes in delivery schedules or cancellation of orders . customers may delay delivery of products or cancel orders prior to shipment , subject to possible cancellation penalties . delays in delivery schedules and/or a reduction of backlog during any particular period could have a material adverse effect on applied 2019s business and results of operations . manufacturing , raw materials and supplies applied 2019s manufacturing activities consist primarily of assembly , test and integration of various proprietary and commercial parts , components and subassemblies ( collectively , parts ) that are used to manufacture systems . applied has implemented a distributed manufacturing model under which manufacturing and supply chain activities are conducted in various countries , including the united states , europe , israel , singapore , taiwan , and other countries in asia , and assembly of some systems is completed at customer sites . applied uses numerous vendors , including contract manufacturers , to supply parts and assembly services for the manufacture and support of its products . although applied makes reasonable efforts to assure that parts are available from multiple qualified suppliers , this is not always possible . accordingly , some key parts may be obtained from only a single supplier or a limited group of suppliers . applied seeks to reduce costs and to lower the risks of manufacturing and service interruptions by : ( 1 ) selecting and qualifying alternate suppliers for key parts ; ( 2 ) monitoring the financial condition of key suppliers ; ( 3 ) maintaining appropriate inventories of key parts ; ( 4 ) qualifying new parts on a timely basis ; and ( 5 ) locating certain manufacturing operations in close proximity to suppliers and customers . research , development and engineering applied 2019s long-term growth strategy requires continued development of new products . the company 2019s significant investment in research , development and engineering ( rd&e ) has generally enabled it to deliver new products and technologies before the emergence of strong demand , thus allowing customers to incorporate these products into their manufacturing plans at an early stage in the technology selection cycle . applied works closely with its global customers to design systems and processes that meet their planned technical and production requirements . product development and engineering organizations are located primarily in the united states , as well as in europe , israel , taiwan , and china . in addition , applied outsources certain rd&e activities , some of which are performed outside the united states , primarily in india . process support and customer demonstration laboratories are located in the united states , china , taiwan , europe , and israel . applied 2019s investments in rd&e for product development and engineering programs to create or improve products and technologies over the last three years were as follows : $ 1.3 billion ( 18 percent of net sales ) in fiscal 2013 , $ 1.2 billion ( 14 percent of net sales ) in fiscal 2012 , and $ 1.1 billion ( 11 percent of net sales ) in fiscal 2011 . applied has spent an average of 14 percent of net sales in rd&e over the last five years . in addition to rd&e for specific product technologies , applied maintains ongoing programs for automation control systems , materials research , and environmental control that are applicable to its products. .
Conversations:
Question: what was the change in the rd&e spendings from 2013 to 2014?
Answer:

Answer: 0.1


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: backlog applied manufactures systems to meet demand represented by order backlog and customer commitments . backlog consists of : ( 1 ) orders for which written authorizations have been accepted and assigned shipment dates are within the next 12 months , or shipment has occurred but revenue has not been recognized ; and ( 2 ) contractual service revenue and maintenance fees to be earned within the next 12 months . backlog by reportable segment as of october 27 , 2013 and october 28 , 2012 was as follows : 2013 2012 ( in millions , except percentages ) .

1		2013	2012		( in millions except percentages )

2	silicon systems group	$ 1295	55% ( 55 % )	$ 705	44% ( 44 % )

3	applied global services	591	25% ( 25 % )	580	36% ( 36 % )

4	display	361	15% ( 15 % )	206	13% ( 13 % )

5	energy and environmental solutions	125	5% ( 5 % )	115	7% ( 7 % )

6	total	$ 2372	100% ( 100 % )	$ 1606	100% ( 100 % )

 applied 2019s backlog on any particular date is not necessarily indicative of actual sales for any future periods , due to the potential for customer changes in delivery schedules or cancellation of orders . customers may delay delivery of products or cancel orders prior to shipment , subject to possible cancellation penalties . delays in delivery schedules and/or a reduction of backlog during any particular period could have a material adverse effect on applied 2019s business and results of operations . manufacturing , raw materials and supplies applied 2019s manufacturing activities consist primarily of assembly , test and integration of various proprietary and commercial parts , components and subassemblies ( collectively , parts ) that are used to manufacture systems . applied has implemented a distributed manufacturing model under which manufacturing and supply chain activities are conducted in various countries , including the united states , europe , israel , singapore , taiwan , and other countries in asia , and assembly of some systems is completed at customer sites . applied uses numerous vendors , including contract manufacturers , to supply parts and assembly services for the manufacture and support of its products . although applied makes reasonable efforts to assure that parts are available from multiple qualified suppliers , this is not always possible . accordingly , some key parts may be obtained from only a single supplier or a limited group of suppliers . applied seeks to reduce costs and to lower the risks of manufacturing and service interruptions by : ( 1 ) selecting and qualifying alternate suppliers for key parts ; ( 2 ) monitoring the financial condition of key suppliers ; ( 3 ) maintaining appropriate inventories of key parts ; ( 4 ) qualifying new parts on a timely basis ; and ( 5 ) locating certain manufacturing operations in close proximity to suppliers and customers . research , development and engineering applied 2019s long-term growth strategy requires continued development of new products . the company 2019s significant investment in research , development and engineering ( rd&e ) has generally enabled it to deliver new products and technologies before the emergence of strong demand , thus allowing customers to incorporate these products into their manufacturing plans at an early stage in the technology selection cycle . applied works closely with its global customers to design systems and processes that meet their planned technical and production requirements . product development and engineering organizations are located primarily in the united states , as well as in europe , israel , taiwan , and china . in addition , applied outsources certain rd&e activities , some of which are performed outside the united states , primarily in india . process support and customer demonstration laboratories are located in the united states , china , taiwan , europe , and israel . applied 2019s investments in rd&e for product development and engineering programs to create or improve products and technologies over the last three years were as follows : $ 1.3 billion ( 18 percent of net sales ) in fiscal 2013 , $ 1.2 billion ( 14 percent of net sales ) in fiscal 2012 , and $ 1.1 billion ( 11 percent of net sales ) in fiscal 2011 . applied has spent an average of 14 percent of net sales in rd&e over the last five years . in addition to rd&e for specific product technologies , applied maintains ongoing programs for automation control systems , materials research , and environmental control that are applicable to its products. .
Conversations:
q0: what was the change in the rd&e spendings from 2013 to 2014? {answer0}
Question: and what is this change as a percentage of those spendings in 2013?
Answer:

Answer: 0.08333


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: backlog applied manufactures systems to meet demand represented by order backlog and customer commitments . backlog consists of : ( 1 ) orders for which written authorizations have been accepted and assigned shipment dates are within the next 12 months , or shipment has occurred but revenue has not been recognized ; and ( 2 ) contractual service revenue and maintenance fees to be earned within the next 12 months . backlog by reportable segment as of october 27 , 2013 and october 28 , 2012 was as follows : 2013 2012 ( in millions , except percentages ) .

1		2013	2012		( in millions except percentages )

2	silicon systems group	$ 1295	55% ( 55 % )	$ 705	44% ( 44 % )

3	applied global services	591	25% ( 25 % )	580	36% ( 36 % )

4	display	361	15% ( 15 % )	206	13% ( 13 % )

5	energy and environmental solutions	125	5% ( 5 % )	115	7% ( 7 % )

6	total	$ 2372	100% ( 100 % )	$ 1606	100% ( 100 % )

 applied 2019s backlog on any particular date is not necessarily indicative of actual sales for any future periods , due to the potential for customer changes in delivery schedules or cancellation of orders . customers may delay delivery of products or cancel orders prior to shipment , subject to possible cancellation penalties . delays in delivery schedules and/or a reduction of backlog during any particular period could have a material adverse effect on applied 2019s business and results of operations . manufacturing , raw materials and supplies applied 2019s manufacturing activities consist primarily of assembly , test and integration of various proprietary and commercial parts , components and subassemblies ( collectively , parts ) that are used to manufacture systems . applied has implemented a distributed manufacturing model under which manufacturing and supply chain activities are conducted in various countries , including the united states , europe , israel , singapore , taiwan , and other countries in asia , and assembly of some systems is completed at customer sites . applied uses numerous vendors , including contract manufacturers , to supply parts and assembly services for the manufacture and support of its products . although applied makes reasonable efforts to assure that parts are available from multiple qualified suppliers , this is not always possible . accordingly , some key parts may be obtained from only a single supplier or a limited group of suppliers . applied seeks to reduce costs and to lower the risks of manufacturing and service interruptions by : ( 1 ) selecting and qualifying alternate suppliers for key parts ; ( 2 ) monitoring the financial condition of key suppliers ; ( 3 ) maintaining appropriate inventories of key parts ; ( 4 ) qualifying new parts on a timely basis ; and ( 5 ) locating certain manufacturing operations in close proximity to suppliers and customers . research , development and engineering applied 2019s long-term growth strategy requires continued development of new products . the company 2019s significant investment in research , development and engineering ( rd&e ) has generally enabled it to deliver new products and technologies before the emergence of strong demand , thus allowing customers to incorporate these products into their manufacturing plans at an early stage in the technology selection cycle . applied works closely with its global customers to design systems and processes that meet their planned technical and production requirements . product development and engineering organizations are located primarily in the united states , as well as in europe , israel , taiwan , and china . in addition , applied outsources certain rd&e activities , some of which are performed outside the united states , primarily in india . process support and customer demonstration laboratories are located in the united states , china , taiwan , europe , and israel . applied 2019s investments in rd&e for product development and engineering programs to create or improve products and technologies over the last three years were as follows : $ 1.3 billion ( 18 percent of net sales ) in fiscal 2013 , $ 1.2 billion ( 14 percent of net sales ) in fiscal 2012 , and $ 1.1 billion ( 11 percent of net sales ) in fiscal 2011 . applied has spent an average of 14 percent of net sales in rd&e over the last five years . in addition to rd&e for specific product technologies , applied maintains ongoing programs for automation control systems , materials research , and environmental control that are applicable to its products. .
Conversations:
q0: what was the change in the rd&e spendings from 2013 to 2014? {answer0}
q1: and what is this change as a percentage of those spendings in 2013? {answer1}
Question: in this same year, what were these spendings as a percentage of the total net sales?
Answer:

Answer: 0.18


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: backlog applied manufactures systems to meet demand represented by order backlog and customer commitments . backlog consists of : ( 1 ) orders for which written authorizations have been accepted and assigned shipment dates are within the next 12 months , or shipment has occurred but revenue has not been recognized ; and ( 2 ) contractual service revenue and maintenance fees to be earned within the next 12 months . backlog by reportable segment as of october 27 , 2013 and october 28 , 2012 was as follows : 2013 2012 ( in millions , except percentages ) .

1		2013	2012		( in millions except percentages )

2	silicon systems group	$ 1295	55% ( 55 % )	$ 705	44% ( 44 % )

3	applied global services	591	25% ( 25 % )	580	36% ( 36 % )

4	display	361	15% ( 15 % )	206	13% ( 13 % )

5	energy and environmental solutions	125	5% ( 5 % )	115	7% ( 7 % )

6	total	$ 2372	100% ( 100 % )	$ 1606	100% ( 100 % )

 applied 2019s backlog on any particular date is not necessarily indicative of actual sales for any future periods , due to the potential for customer changes in delivery schedules or cancellation of orders . customers may delay delivery of products or cancel orders prior to shipment , subject to possible cancellation penalties . delays in delivery schedules and/or a reduction of backlog during any particular period could have a material adverse effect on applied 2019s business and results of operations . manufacturing , raw materials and supplies applied 2019s manufacturing activities consist primarily of assembly , test and integration of various proprietary and commercial parts , components and subassemblies ( collectively , parts ) that are used to manufacture systems . applied has implemented a distributed manufacturing model under which manufacturing and supply chain activities are conducted in various countries , including the united states , europe , israel , singapore , taiwan , and other countries in asia , and assembly of some systems is completed at customer sites . applied uses numerous vendors , including contract manufacturers , to supply parts and assembly services for the manufacture and support of its products . although applied makes reasonable efforts to assure that parts are available from multiple qualified suppliers , this is not always possible . accordingly , some key parts may be obtained from only a single supplier or a limited group of suppliers . applied seeks to reduce costs and to lower the risks of manufacturing and service interruptions by : ( 1 ) selecting and qualifying alternate suppliers for key parts ; ( 2 ) monitoring the financial condition of key suppliers ; ( 3 ) maintaining appropriate inventories of key parts ; ( 4 ) qualifying new parts on a timely basis ; and ( 5 ) locating certain manufacturing operations in close proximity to suppliers and customers . research , development and engineering applied 2019s long-term growth strategy requires continued development of new products . the company 2019s significant investment in research , development and engineering ( rd&e ) has generally enabled it to deliver new products and technologies before the emergence of strong demand , thus allowing customers to incorporate these products into their manufacturing plans at an early stage in the technology selection cycle . applied works closely with its global customers to design systems and processes that meet their planned technical and production requirements . product development and engineering organizations are located primarily in the united states , as well as in europe , israel , taiwan , and china . in addition , applied outsources certain rd&e activities , some of which are performed outside the united states , primarily in india . process support and customer demonstration laboratories are located in the united states , china , taiwan , europe , and israel . applied 2019s investments in rd&e for product development and engineering programs to create or improve products and technologies over the last three years were as follows : $ 1.3 billion ( 18 percent of net sales ) in fiscal 2013 , $ 1.2 billion ( 14 percent of net sales ) in fiscal 2012 , and $ 1.1 billion ( 11 percent of net sales ) in fiscal 2011 . applied has spent an average of 14 percent of net sales in rd&e over the last five years . in addition to rd&e for specific product technologies , applied maintains ongoing programs for automation control systems , materials research , and environmental control that are applicable to its products. .
Conversations:
q0: what was the change in the rd&e spendings from 2013 to 2014? {answer0}
q1: and what is this change as a percentage of those spendings in 2013? {answer1}
q2: in this same year, what were these spendings as a percentage of the total net sales? {answer2}
Question: what were, then, those net sales, in billions?
Answer:

Answer: 7.22222


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: amortized over a nine-year period beginning december 2015 . see note 2 to the financial statements for further discussion of the business combination and customer credits . the volume/weather variance is primarily due to the effect of more favorable weather during the unbilled period and an increase in industrial usage , partially offset by the effect of less favorable weather on residential sales . the increase in industrial usage is primarily due to expansion projects , primarily in the chemicals industry , and increased demand from new customers , primarily in the industrial gases industry . the louisiana act 55 financing savings obligation variance results from a regulatory charge for tax savings to be shared with customers per an agreement approved by the lpsc . the tax savings resulted from the 2010-2011 irs audit settlement on the treatment of the louisiana act 55 financing of storm costs for hurricane gustav and hurricane ike . see note 3 to the financial statements for additional discussion of the settlement and benefit sharing . included in other is a provision of $ 23 million recorded in 2016 related to the settlement of the waterford 3 replacement steam generator prudence review proceeding , offset by a provision of $ 32 million recorded in 2015 related to the uncertainty at that time associated with the resolution of the waterford 3 replacement steam generator prudence review proceeding . a0 see note 2 to the financial statements for a discussion of the waterford 3 replacement steam generator prudence review proceeding . entergy wholesale commodities following is an analysis of the change in net revenue comparing 2016 to 2015 . amount ( in millions ) .

1		amount ( in millions )

2	2015 net revenue	$ 1666

3	nuclear realized price changes	-149 ( 149 )

4	rhode island state energy center	-44 ( 44 )

5	nuclear volume	-36 ( 36 )

6	fitzpatrick reimbursement agreement	41

7	nuclear fuel expenses	68

8	other	-4 ( 4 )

9	2016 net revenue	$ 1542

 as shown in the table above , net revenue for entergy wholesale commodities decreased by approximately $ 124 million in 2016 primarily due to : 2022 lower realized wholesale energy prices and lower capacity prices , the amortization of the palisades below- market ppa , and vermont yankee capacity revenue . the effect of the amortization of the palisades below- market ppa and vermont yankee capacity revenue on the net revenue variance from 2015 to 2016 is minimal ; 2022 the sale of the rhode island state energy center in december 2015 . see note 14 to the financial statements for further discussion of the rhode island state energy center sale ; and 2022 lower volume in the entergy wholesale commodities nuclear fleet resulting from more refueling outage days in 2016 as compared to 2015 and larger exercise of resupply options in 2016 as compared to 2015 . see 201cnuclear matters - indian point 201d below for discussion of the extended indian point 2 outage in the second quarter entergy corporation and subsidiaries management 2019s financial discussion and analysis .
Conversations:
Question: what was the 2016 net revenue?
Answer:

Answer: 1542.0


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: amortized over a nine-year period beginning december 2015 . see note 2 to the financial statements for further discussion of the business combination and customer credits . the volume/weather variance is primarily due to the effect of more favorable weather during the unbilled period and an increase in industrial usage , partially offset by the effect of less favorable weather on residential sales . the increase in industrial usage is primarily due to expansion projects , primarily in the chemicals industry , and increased demand from new customers , primarily in the industrial gases industry . the louisiana act 55 financing savings obligation variance results from a regulatory charge for tax savings to be shared with customers per an agreement approved by the lpsc . the tax savings resulted from the 2010-2011 irs audit settlement on the treatment of the louisiana act 55 financing of storm costs for hurricane gustav and hurricane ike . see note 3 to the financial statements for additional discussion of the settlement and benefit sharing . included in other is a provision of $ 23 million recorded in 2016 related to the settlement of the waterford 3 replacement steam generator prudence review proceeding , offset by a provision of $ 32 million recorded in 2015 related to the uncertainty at that time associated with the resolution of the waterford 3 replacement steam generator prudence review proceeding . a0 see note 2 to the financial statements for a discussion of the waterford 3 replacement steam generator prudence review proceeding . entergy wholesale commodities following is an analysis of the change in net revenue comparing 2016 to 2015 . amount ( in millions ) .

1		amount ( in millions )

2	2015 net revenue	$ 1666

3	nuclear realized price changes	-149 ( 149 )

4	rhode island state energy center	-44 ( 44 )

5	nuclear volume	-36 ( 36 )

6	fitzpatrick reimbursement agreement	41

7	nuclear fuel expenses	68

8	other	-4 ( 4 )

9	2016 net revenue	$ 1542

 as shown in the table above , net revenue for entergy wholesale commodities decreased by approximately $ 124 million in 2016 primarily due to : 2022 lower realized wholesale energy prices and lower capacity prices , the amortization of the palisades below- market ppa , and vermont yankee capacity revenue . the effect of the amortization of the palisades below- market ppa and vermont yankee capacity revenue on the net revenue variance from 2015 to 2016 is minimal ; 2022 the sale of the rhode island state energy center in december 2015 . see note 14 to the financial statements for further discussion of the rhode island state energy center sale ; and 2022 lower volume in the entergy wholesale commodities nuclear fleet resulting from more refueling outage days in 2016 as compared to 2015 and larger exercise of resupply options in 2016 as compared to 2015 . see 201cnuclear matters - indian point 201d below for discussion of the extended indian point 2 outage in the second quarter entergy corporation and subsidiaries management 2019s financial discussion and analysis .
Conversations:
q0: what was the 2016 net revenue? {answer0}
Question: what was the 2015 net revenue?
Answer:

Answer: 1666.0


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: amortized over a nine-year period beginning december 2015 . see note 2 to the financial statements for further discussion of the business combination and customer credits . the volume/weather variance is primarily due to the effect of more favorable weather during the unbilled period and an increase in industrial usage , partially offset by the effect of less favorable weather on residential sales . the increase in industrial usage is primarily due to expansion projects , primarily in the chemicals industry , and increased demand from new customers , primarily in the industrial gases industry . the louisiana act 55 financing savings obligation variance results from a regulatory charge for tax savings to be shared with customers per an agreement approved by the lpsc . the tax savings resulted from the 2010-2011 irs audit settlement on the treatment of the louisiana act 55 financing of storm costs for hurricane gustav and hurricane ike . see note 3 to the financial statements for additional discussion of the settlement and benefit sharing . included in other is a provision of $ 23 million recorded in 2016 related to the settlement of the waterford 3 replacement steam generator prudence review proceeding , offset by a provision of $ 32 million recorded in 2015 related to the uncertainty at that time associated with the resolution of the waterford 3 replacement steam generator prudence review proceeding . a0 see note 2 to the financial statements for a discussion of the waterford 3 replacement steam generator prudence review proceeding . entergy wholesale commodities following is an analysis of the change in net revenue comparing 2016 to 2015 . amount ( in millions ) .

1		amount ( in millions )

2	2015 net revenue	$ 1666

3	nuclear realized price changes	-149 ( 149 )

4	rhode island state energy center	-44 ( 44 )

5	nuclear volume	-36 ( 36 )

6	fitzpatrick reimbursement agreement	41

7	nuclear fuel expenses	68

8	other	-4 ( 4 )

9	2016 net revenue	$ 1542

 as shown in the table above , net revenue for entergy wholesale commodities decreased by approximately $ 124 million in 2016 primarily due to : 2022 lower realized wholesale energy prices and lower capacity prices , the amortization of the palisades below- market ppa , and vermont yankee capacity revenue . the effect of the amortization of the palisades below- market ppa and vermont yankee capacity revenue on the net revenue variance from 2015 to 2016 is minimal ; 2022 the sale of the rhode island state energy center in december 2015 . see note 14 to the financial statements for further discussion of the rhode island state energy center sale ; and 2022 lower volume in the entergy wholesale commodities nuclear fleet resulting from more refueling outage days in 2016 as compared to 2015 and larger exercise of resupply options in 2016 as compared to 2015 . see 201cnuclear matters - indian point 201d below for discussion of the extended indian point 2 outage in the second quarter entergy corporation and subsidiaries management 2019s financial discussion and analysis .
Conversations:
q0: what was the 2016 net revenue? {answer0}
q1: what was the 2015 net revenue? {answer1}
Question: what is the 2016 less the 2015 values?
Answer:

Answer: -124.0


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: amortized over a nine-year period beginning december 2015 . see note 2 to the financial statements for further discussion of the business combination and customer credits . the volume/weather variance is primarily due to the effect of more favorable weather during the unbilled period and an increase in industrial usage , partially offset by the effect of less favorable weather on residential sales . the increase in industrial usage is primarily due to expansion projects , primarily in the chemicals industry , and increased demand from new customers , primarily in the industrial gases industry . the louisiana act 55 financing savings obligation variance results from a regulatory charge for tax savings to be shared with customers per an agreement approved by the lpsc . the tax savings resulted from the 2010-2011 irs audit settlement on the treatment of the louisiana act 55 financing of storm costs for hurricane gustav and hurricane ike . see note 3 to the financial statements for additional discussion of the settlement and benefit sharing . included in other is a provision of $ 23 million recorded in 2016 related to the settlement of the waterford 3 replacement steam generator prudence review proceeding , offset by a provision of $ 32 million recorded in 2015 related to the uncertainty at that time associated with the resolution of the waterford 3 replacement steam generator prudence review proceeding . a0 see note 2 to the financial statements for a discussion of the waterford 3 replacement steam generator prudence review proceeding . entergy wholesale commodities following is an analysis of the change in net revenue comparing 2016 to 2015 . amount ( in millions ) .

1		amount ( in millions )

2	2015 net revenue	$ 1666

3	nuclear realized price changes	-149 ( 149 )

4	rhode island state energy center	-44 ( 44 )

5	nuclear volume	-36 ( 36 )

6	fitzpatrick reimbursement agreement	41

7	nuclear fuel expenses	68

8	other	-4 ( 4 )

9	2016 net revenue	$ 1542

 as shown in the table above , net revenue for entergy wholesale commodities decreased by approximately $ 124 million in 2016 primarily due to : 2022 lower realized wholesale energy prices and lower capacity prices , the amortization of the palisades below- market ppa , and vermont yankee capacity revenue . the effect of the amortization of the palisades below- market ppa and vermont yankee capacity revenue on the net revenue variance from 2015 to 2016 is minimal ; 2022 the sale of the rhode island state energy center in december 2015 . see note 14 to the financial statements for further discussion of the rhode island state energy center sale ; and 2022 lower volume in the entergy wholesale commodities nuclear fleet resulting from more refueling outage days in 2016 as compared to 2015 and larger exercise of resupply options in 2016 as compared to 2015 . see 201cnuclear matters - indian point 201d below for discussion of the extended indian point 2 outage in the second quarter entergy corporation and subsidiaries management 2019s financial discussion and analysis .
Conversations:
q0: what was the 2016 net revenue? {answer0}
q1: what was the 2015 net revenue? {answer1}
q2: what is the 2016 less the 2015 values? {answer2}
Question: what is that difference divided by the 2015 value?
Answer:

Answer: -0.07443


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: dish network corporation notes to consolidated financial statements - continued 9 . acquisitions dbsd north america and terrestar transactions on march 2 , 2012 , the fcc approved the transfer of 40 mhz of aws-4 wireless spectrum licenses held by dbsd north america and terrestar to us . on march 9 , 2012 , we completed the dbsd transaction and the terrestar transaction , pursuant to which we acquired , among other things , certain satellite assets and wireless spectrum licenses held by dbsd north america and terrestar . in addition , during the fourth quarter 2011 , we and sprint entered into a mutual release and settlement agreement ( the 201csprint settlement agreement 201d ) pursuant to which all issues then being disputed relating to the dbsd transaction and the terrestar transaction were resolved between us and sprint , including , but not limited to , issues relating to costs allegedly incurred by sprint to relocate users from the spectrum then licensed to dbsd north america and terrestar . the total consideration to acquire the dbsd north america and terrestar assets was approximately $ 2.860 billion . this amount includes $ 1.364 billion for the dbsd transaction , $ 1.382 billion for the terrestar transaction , and the net payment of $ 114 million to sprint pursuant to the sprint settlement agreement . see note 16 for further information . as a result of these acquisitions , we recognized the acquired assets and assumed liabilities based on our estimates of fair value at their acquisition date , including $ 102 million in an uncertain tax position in 201clong-term deferred revenue , distribution and carriage payments and other long-term liabilities 201d on our consolidated balance sheets . subsequently , in the third quarter 2013 , this uncertain tax position was resolved and $ 102 million was reversed and recorded as a decrease in 201cincome tax ( provision ) benefit , net 201d on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income ( loss ) for the year ended december 31 , 2013 . 10 . discontinued operations as of december 31 , 2013 , blockbuster had ceased all material operations . accordingly , our consolidated balance sheets , consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income ( loss ) and consolidated statements of cash flows have been recast to present blockbuster as discontinued operations for all periods presented and the amounts presented in the notes to our consolidated financial statements relate only to our continuing operations , unless otherwise noted . during the years ended december 31 , 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , the revenue from our discontinued operations was $ 503 million , $ 1.085 billion and $ 974 million , respectively . 201cincome ( loss ) from discontinued operations , before income taxes 201d for the same periods was a loss of $ 54 million , $ 62 million and $ 3 million , respectively . in addition , 201cincome ( loss ) from discontinued operations , net of tax 201d for the same periods was a loss of $ 47 million , $ 37 million and $ 7 million , respectively . as of december 31 , 2013 , the net assets from our discontinued operations consisted of the following : december 31 , 2013 ( in thousands ) .

1		as of december 31 2013 ( in thousands )

2	current assets from discontinued operations	$ 68239

3	noncurrent assets from discontinued operations	9965

4	current liabilities from discontinued operations	-49471 ( 49471 )

5	long-term liabilities from discontinued operations	-19804 ( 19804 )

6	net assets from discontinued operations	$ 8929

 .
Conversations:
Question: what was the average revenue from discontinued operations in 2013?
Answer:

Answer: 503.0


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: dish network corporation notes to consolidated financial statements - continued 9 . acquisitions dbsd north america and terrestar transactions on march 2 , 2012 , the fcc approved the transfer of 40 mhz of aws-4 wireless spectrum licenses held by dbsd north america and terrestar to us . on march 9 , 2012 , we completed the dbsd transaction and the terrestar transaction , pursuant to which we acquired , among other things , certain satellite assets and wireless spectrum licenses held by dbsd north america and terrestar . in addition , during the fourth quarter 2011 , we and sprint entered into a mutual release and settlement agreement ( the 201csprint settlement agreement 201d ) pursuant to which all issues then being disputed relating to the dbsd transaction and the terrestar transaction were resolved between us and sprint , including , but not limited to , issues relating to costs allegedly incurred by sprint to relocate users from the spectrum then licensed to dbsd north america and terrestar . the total consideration to acquire the dbsd north america and terrestar assets was approximately $ 2.860 billion . this amount includes $ 1.364 billion for the dbsd transaction , $ 1.382 billion for the terrestar transaction , and the net payment of $ 114 million to sprint pursuant to the sprint settlement agreement . see note 16 for further information . as a result of these acquisitions , we recognized the acquired assets and assumed liabilities based on our estimates of fair value at their acquisition date , including $ 102 million in an uncertain tax position in 201clong-term deferred revenue , distribution and carriage payments and other long-term liabilities 201d on our consolidated balance sheets . subsequently , in the third quarter 2013 , this uncertain tax position was resolved and $ 102 million was reversed and recorded as a decrease in 201cincome tax ( provision ) benefit , net 201d on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income ( loss ) for the year ended december 31 , 2013 . 10 . discontinued operations as of december 31 , 2013 , blockbuster had ceased all material operations . accordingly , our consolidated balance sheets , consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income ( loss ) and consolidated statements of cash flows have been recast to present blockbuster as discontinued operations for all periods presented and the amounts presented in the notes to our consolidated financial statements relate only to our continuing operations , unless otherwise noted . during the years ended december 31 , 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , the revenue from our discontinued operations was $ 503 million , $ 1.085 billion and $ 974 million , respectively . 201cincome ( loss ) from discontinued operations , before income taxes 201d for the same periods was a loss of $ 54 million , $ 62 million and $ 3 million , respectively . in addition , 201cincome ( loss ) from discontinued operations , net of tax 201d for the same periods was a loss of $ 47 million , $ 37 million and $ 7 million , respectively . as of december 31 , 2013 , the net assets from our discontinued operations consisted of the following : december 31 , 2013 ( in thousands ) .

1		as of december 31 2013 ( in thousands )

2	current assets from discontinued operations	$ 68239

3	noncurrent assets from discontinued operations	9965

4	current liabilities from discontinued operations	-49471 ( 49471 )

5	long-term liabilities from discontinued operations	-19804 ( 19804 )

6	net assets from discontinued operations	$ 8929

 .
Conversations:
q0: what was the average revenue from discontinued operations in 2013? {answer0}
Question: what was the value in 2011?
Answer:

Answer: 974.0


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: dish network corporation notes to consolidated financial statements - continued 9 . acquisitions dbsd north america and terrestar transactions on march 2 , 2012 , the fcc approved the transfer of 40 mhz of aws-4 wireless spectrum licenses held by dbsd north america and terrestar to us . on march 9 , 2012 , we completed the dbsd transaction and the terrestar transaction , pursuant to which we acquired , among other things , certain satellite assets and wireless spectrum licenses held by dbsd north america and terrestar . in addition , during the fourth quarter 2011 , we and sprint entered into a mutual release and settlement agreement ( the 201csprint settlement agreement 201d ) pursuant to which all issues then being disputed relating to the dbsd transaction and the terrestar transaction were resolved between us and sprint , including , but not limited to , issues relating to costs allegedly incurred by sprint to relocate users from the spectrum then licensed to dbsd north america and terrestar . the total consideration to acquire the dbsd north america and terrestar assets was approximately $ 2.860 billion . this amount includes $ 1.364 billion for the dbsd transaction , $ 1.382 billion for the terrestar transaction , and the net payment of $ 114 million to sprint pursuant to the sprint settlement agreement . see note 16 for further information . as a result of these acquisitions , we recognized the acquired assets and assumed liabilities based on our estimates of fair value at their acquisition date , including $ 102 million in an uncertain tax position in 201clong-term deferred revenue , distribution and carriage payments and other long-term liabilities 201d on our consolidated balance sheets . subsequently , in the third quarter 2013 , this uncertain tax position was resolved and $ 102 million was reversed and recorded as a decrease in 201cincome tax ( provision ) benefit , net 201d on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income ( loss ) for the year ended december 31 , 2013 . 10 . discontinued operations as of december 31 , 2013 , blockbuster had ceased all material operations . accordingly , our consolidated balance sheets , consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income ( loss ) and consolidated statements of cash flows have been recast to present blockbuster as discontinued operations for all periods presented and the amounts presented in the notes to our consolidated financial statements relate only to our continuing operations , unless otherwise noted . during the years ended december 31 , 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , the revenue from our discontinued operations was $ 503 million , $ 1.085 billion and $ 974 million , respectively . 201cincome ( loss ) from discontinued operations , before income taxes 201d for the same periods was a loss of $ 54 million , $ 62 million and $ 3 million , respectively . in addition , 201cincome ( loss ) from discontinued operations , net of tax 201d for the same periods was a loss of $ 47 million , $ 37 million and $ 7 million , respectively . as of december 31 , 2013 , the net assets from our discontinued operations consisted of the following : december 31 , 2013 ( in thousands ) .

1		as of december 31 2013 ( in thousands )

2	current assets from discontinued operations	$ 68239

3	noncurrent assets from discontinued operations	9965

4	current liabilities from discontinued operations	-49471 ( 49471 )

5	long-term liabilities from discontinued operations	-19804 ( 19804 )

6	net assets from discontinued operations	$ 8929

 .
Conversations:
q0: what was the average revenue from discontinued operations in 2013? {answer0}
q1: what was the value in 2011? {answer1}
Question: what is the sum of those 2 years?
Answer:

Answer: 1477.0


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: dish network corporation notes to consolidated financial statements - continued 9 . acquisitions dbsd north america and terrestar transactions on march 2 , 2012 , the fcc approved the transfer of 40 mhz of aws-4 wireless spectrum licenses held by dbsd north america and terrestar to us . on march 9 , 2012 , we completed the dbsd transaction and the terrestar transaction , pursuant to which we acquired , among other things , certain satellite assets and wireless spectrum licenses held by dbsd north america and terrestar . in addition , during the fourth quarter 2011 , we and sprint entered into a mutual release and settlement agreement ( the 201csprint settlement agreement 201d ) pursuant to which all issues then being disputed relating to the dbsd transaction and the terrestar transaction were resolved between us and sprint , including , but not limited to , issues relating to costs allegedly incurred by sprint to relocate users from the spectrum then licensed to dbsd north america and terrestar . the total consideration to acquire the dbsd north america and terrestar assets was approximately $ 2.860 billion . this amount includes $ 1.364 billion for the dbsd transaction , $ 1.382 billion for the terrestar transaction , and the net payment of $ 114 million to sprint pursuant to the sprint settlement agreement . see note 16 for further information . as a result of these acquisitions , we recognized the acquired assets and assumed liabilities based on our estimates of fair value at their acquisition date , including $ 102 million in an uncertain tax position in 201clong-term deferred revenue , distribution and carriage payments and other long-term liabilities 201d on our consolidated balance sheets . subsequently , in the third quarter 2013 , this uncertain tax position was resolved and $ 102 million was reversed and recorded as a decrease in 201cincome tax ( provision ) benefit , net 201d on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income ( loss ) for the year ended december 31 , 2013 . 10 . discontinued operations as of december 31 , 2013 , blockbuster had ceased all material operations . accordingly , our consolidated balance sheets , consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income ( loss ) and consolidated statements of cash flows have been recast to present blockbuster as discontinued operations for all periods presented and the amounts presented in the notes to our consolidated financial statements relate only to our continuing operations , unless otherwise noted . during the years ended december 31 , 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , the revenue from our discontinued operations was $ 503 million , $ 1.085 billion and $ 974 million , respectively . 201cincome ( loss ) from discontinued operations , before income taxes 201d for the same periods was a loss of $ 54 million , $ 62 million and $ 3 million , respectively . in addition , 201cincome ( loss ) from discontinued operations , net of tax 201d for the same periods was a loss of $ 47 million , $ 37 million and $ 7 million , respectively . as of december 31 , 2013 , the net assets from our discontinued operations consisted of the following : december 31 , 2013 ( in thousands ) .

1		as of december 31 2013 ( in thousands )

2	current assets from discontinued operations	$ 68239

3	noncurrent assets from discontinued operations	9965

4	current liabilities from discontinued operations	-49471 ( 49471 )

5	long-term liabilities from discontinued operations	-19804 ( 19804 )

6	net assets from discontinued operations	$ 8929

 .
Conversations:
q0: what was the average revenue from discontinued operations in 2013? {answer0}
q1: what was the value in 2011? {answer1}
q2: what is the sum of those 2 years? {answer2}
Question: what is the sum divided by 2?
Answer:

Answer: 738.5


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued ) ( amounts in millions , except per share amounts ) a summary of the remaining liability for the 2007 , 2003 and 2001 restructuring programs is as follows : program program program total .

1		2007 program	2003 program	2001 program	total

2	liability at december 31 2006	$ 2014	$ 12.6	$ 19.2	$ 31.8

3	net charges ( reversals ) and adjustments	19.1	-0.5 ( 0.5 )	-5.2 ( 5.2 )	13.4

4	payments and other1	-7.2 ( 7.2 )	-3.1 ( 3.1 )	-5.3 ( 5.3 )	-15.6 ( 15.6 )

5	liability at december 31 2007	$ 11.9	$ 9.0	$ 8.7	$ 29.6

6	net charges and adjustments	4.3	0.8	0.7	5.8

7	payments and other1	-15.0 ( 15.0 )	-4.1 ( 4.1 )	-3.5 ( 3.5 )	-22.6 ( 22.6 )

8	liability at december 31 2008	$ 1.2	$ 5.7	$ 5.9	$ 12.8

 1 includes amounts representing adjustments to the liability for changes in foreign currency exchange rates . other reorganization-related charges other reorganization-related charges relate to our realignment of our media businesses into a newly created management entity called mediabrands and the 2006 merger of draft worldwide and foote , cone and belding worldwide to create draftfcb . charges related to severance and terminations costs and lease termination and other exit costs . we expect charges associated with mediabrands to be completed during the first half of 2009 . charges related to the creation of draftfcb in 2006 are complete . the charges were separated from the rest of our operating expenses within the consolidated statements of operations because they did not result from charges that occurred in the normal course of business. .
Conversations:
Question: what was the value of liability in 2007?
Answer:

Answer: 1.2


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued ) ( amounts in millions , except per share amounts ) a summary of the remaining liability for the 2007 , 2003 and 2001 restructuring programs is as follows : program program program total .

1		2007 program	2003 program	2001 program	total

2	liability at december 31 2006	$ 2014	$ 12.6	$ 19.2	$ 31.8

3	net charges ( reversals ) and adjustments	19.1	-0.5 ( 0.5 )	-5.2 ( 5.2 )	13.4

4	payments and other1	-7.2 ( 7.2 )	-3.1 ( 3.1 )	-5.3 ( 5.3 )	-15.6 ( 15.6 )

5	liability at december 31 2007	$ 11.9	$ 9.0	$ 8.7	$ 29.6

6	net charges and adjustments	4.3	0.8	0.7	5.8

7	payments and other1	-15.0 ( 15.0 )	-4.1 ( 4.1 )	-3.5 ( 3.5 )	-22.6 ( 22.6 )

8	liability at december 31 2008	$ 1.2	$ 5.7	$ 5.9	$ 12.8

 1 includes amounts representing adjustments to the liability for changes in foreign currency exchange rates . other reorganization-related charges other reorganization-related charges relate to our realignment of our media businesses into a newly created management entity called mediabrands and the 2006 merger of draft worldwide and foote , cone and belding worldwide to create draftfcb . charges related to severance and terminations costs and lease termination and other exit costs . we expect charges associated with mediabrands to be completed during the first half of 2009 . charges related to the creation of draftfcb in 2006 are complete . the charges were separated from the rest of our operating expenses within the consolidated statements of operations because they did not result from charges that occurred in the normal course of business. .
Conversations:
q0: what was the value of liability in 2007? {answer0}
Question: what was it in 2003?
Answer:

Answer: 5.7


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued ) ( amounts in millions , except per share amounts ) a summary of the remaining liability for the 2007 , 2003 and 2001 restructuring programs is as follows : program program program total .

1		2007 program	2003 program	2001 program	total

2	liability at december 31 2006	$ 2014	$ 12.6	$ 19.2	$ 31.8

3	net charges ( reversals ) and adjustments	19.1	-0.5 ( 0.5 )	-5.2 ( 5.2 )	13.4

4	payments and other1	-7.2 ( 7.2 )	-3.1 ( 3.1 )	-5.3 ( 5.3 )	-15.6 ( 15.6 )

5	liability at december 31 2007	$ 11.9	$ 9.0	$ 8.7	$ 29.6

6	net charges and adjustments	4.3	0.8	0.7	5.8

7	payments and other1	-15.0 ( 15.0 )	-4.1 ( 4.1 )	-3.5 ( 3.5 )	-22.6 ( 22.6 )

8	liability at december 31 2008	$ 1.2	$ 5.7	$ 5.9	$ 12.8

 1 includes amounts representing adjustments to the liability for changes in foreign currency exchange rates . other reorganization-related charges other reorganization-related charges relate to our realignment of our media businesses into a newly created management entity called mediabrands and the 2006 merger of draft worldwide and foote , cone and belding worldwide to create draftfcb . charges related to severance and terminations costs and lease termination and other exit costs . we expect charges associated with mediabrands to be completed during the first half of 2009 . charges related to the creation of draftfcb in 2006 are complete . the charges were separated from the rest of our operating expenses within the consolidated statements of operations because they did not result from charges that occurred in the normal course of business. .
Conversations:
q0: what was the value of liability in 2007? {answer0}
q1: what was it in 2003? {answer1}
Question: what is the sum of those 2 years?
Answer:

Answer: 6.9


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued ) ( amounts in millions , except per share amounts ) a summary of the remaining liability for the 2007 , 2003 and 2001 restructuring programs is as follows : program program program total .

1		2007 program	2003 program	2001 program	total

2	liability at december 31 2006	$ 2014	$ 12.6	$ 19.2	$ 31.8

3	net charges ( reversals ) and adjustments	19.1	-0.5 ( 0.5 )	-5.2 ( 5.2 )	13.4

4	payments and other1	-7.2 ( 7.2 )	-3.1 ( 3.1 )	-5.3 ( 5.3 )	-15.6 ( 15.6 )

5	liability at december 31 2007	$ 11.9	$ 9.0	$ 8.7	$ 29.6

6	net charges and adjustments	4.3	0.8	0.7	5.8

7	payments and other1	-15.0 ( 15.0 )	-4.1 ( 4.1 )	-3.5 ( 3.5 )	-22.6 ( 22.6 )

8	liability at december 31 2008	$ 1.2	$ 5.7	$ 5.9	$ 12.8

 1 includes amounts representing adjustments to the liability for changes in foreign currency exchange rates . other reorganization-related charges other reorganization-related charges relate to our realignment of our media businesses into a newly created management entity called mediabrands and the 2006 merger of draft worldwide and foote , cone and belding worldwide to create draftfcb . charges related to severance and terminations costs and lease termination and other exit costs . we expect charges associated with mediabrands to be completed during the first half of 2009 . charges related to the creation of draftfcb in 2006 are complete . the charges were separated from the rest of our operating expenses within the consolidated statements of operations because they did not result from charges that occurred in the normal course of business. .
Conversations:
q0: what was the value of liability in 2007? {answer0}
q1: what was it in 2003? {answer1}
q2: what is the sum of those 2 years? {answer2}
Question: what is the total sum including the 2001 value?
Answer:

Answer: 12.8


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued ) ( amounts in millions , except per share amounts ) a summary of the remaining liability for the 2007 , 2003 and 2001 restructuring programs is as follows : program program program total .

1		2007 program	2003 program	2001 program	total

2	liability at december 31 2006	$ 2014	$ 12.6	$ 19.2	$ 31.8

3	net charges ( reversals ) and adjustments	19.1	-0.5 ( 0.5 )	-5.2 ( 5.2 )	13.4

4	payments and other1	-7.2 ( 7.2 )	-3.1 ( 3.1 )	-5.3 ( 5.3 )	-15.6 ( 15.6 )

5	liability at december 31 2007	$ 11.9	$ 9.0	$ 8.7	$ 29.6

6	net charges and adjustments	4.3	0.8	0.7	5.8

7	payments and other1	-15.0 ( 15.0 )	-4.1 ( 4.1 )	-3.5 ( 3.5 )	-22.6 ( 22.6 )

8	liability at december 31 2008	$ 1.2	$ 5.7	$ 5.9	$ 12.8

 1 includes amounts representing adjustments to the liability for changes in foreign currency exchange rates . other reorganization-related charges other reorganization-related charges relate to our realignment of our media businesses into a newly created management entity called mediabrands and the 2006 merger of draft worldwide and foote , cone and belding worldwide to create draftfcb . charges related to severance and terminations costs and lease termination and other exit costs . we expect charges associated with mediabrands to be completed during the first half of 2009 . charges related to the creation of draftfcb in 2006 are complete . the charges were separated from the rest of our operating expenses within the consolidated statements of operations because they did not result from charges that occurred in the normal course of business. .
Conversations:
q0: what was the value of liability in 2007? {answer0}
q1: what was it in 2003? {answer1}
q2: what is the sum of those 2 years? {answer2}
q3: what is the total sum including the 2001 value? {answer3}
Question: what is the average per year?
Answer:

Answer: 4.26667


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: american tower corporation and subsidiaries notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued ) a description of the company 2019s reporting units and the results of the related transitional impairment testing are as follows : verestar 2014verestar was a single segment and reporting unit until december 2002 , when the company committed to a plan to dispose of verestar . the company recorded an impairment charge of $ 189.3 million relating to the impairment of goodwill in this reporting unit . the fair value of this reporting unit was determined based on an independent third party appraisal . network development services 2014as of january 1 , 2002 , the reporting units in the company 2019s network development services segment included kline , specialty constructors , galaxy , mts components and flash technologies . the company estimated the fair value of these reporting units utilizing future discounted cash flows and market information as to the value of each reporting unit on january 1 , 2002 . the company recorded an impairment charge of $ 387.8 million for the year ended december 31 , 2002 related to the impairment of goodwill within these reporting units . such charge included full impairment for all of the goodwill within the reporting units except kline , for which only a partial impairment was recorded . as discussed in note 2 , the assets of all of these reporting units were sold as of december 31 , 2003 , except for those of kline and our tower construction services unit , which were sold in march and november 2004 , respectively . rental and management 2014the company obtained an independent third party appraisal of the rental and management reporting unit that contains goodwill and determined that goodwill was not impaired . the company 2019s other intangible assets subject to amortization consist of the following as of december 31 , ( in thousands ) : .

1		2004	2003

2	acquired customer base and network location intangibles	$ 1369607	$ 1299521

3	deferred financing costs	89736	111484

4	acquired licenses and other intangibles	43404	43125

5	total	1502747	1454130

6	less accumulated amortization	-517444 ( 517444 )	-434381 ( 434381 )

7	other intangible assets net	$ 985303	$ 1019749

 the company amortizes its intangible assets over periods ranging from three to fifteen years . amortization of intangible assets for the years ended december 31 , 2004 and 2003 aggregated approximately $ 97.8 million and $ 94.6 million , respectively ( excluding amortization of deferred financing costs , which is included in interest expense ) . the company expects to record amortization expense of approximately $ 97.8 million , $ 95.9 million , $ 92.0 million , $ 90.5 million and $ 88.8 million , respectively , for the years ended december 31 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 , 2008 and 2009 , respectively . 5 . notes receivable in 2000 , the company loaned tv azteca , s.a . de c.v . ( tv azteca ) , the owner of a major national television network in mexico , $ 119.8 million . the loan , which initially bore interest at 12.87% ( 12.87 % ) , payable quarterly , was discounted by the company , as the fair value interest rate at the date of the loan was determined to be 14.25% ( 14.25 % ) . the loan was amended effective january 1 , 2003 to increase the original interest rate to 13.11% ( 13.11 % ) . as of december 31 , 2004 , and 2003 , approximately $ 119.8 million undiscounted ( $ 108.2 million discounted ) under the loan was outstanding and included in notes receivable and other long-term assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets . the term of the loan is seventy years ; however , the loan may be prepaid by tv .
Conversations:
Question: what is the net change in the balance of other intangible assets net from 2003 to 2004?
Answer:

Answer: -34446.0


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: american tower corporation and subsidiaries notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued ) a description of the company 2019s reporting units and the results of the related transitional impairment testing are as follows : verestar 2014verestar was a single segment and reporting unit until december 2002 , when the company committed to a plan to dispose of verestar . the company recorded an impairment charge of $ 189.3 million relating to the impairment of goodwill in this reporting unit . the fair value of this reporting unit was determined based on an independent third party appraisal . network development services 2014as of january 1 , 2002 , the reporting units in the company 2019s network development services segment included kline , specialty constructors , galaxy , mts components and flash technologies . the company estimated the fair value of these reporting units utilizing future discounted cash flows and market information as to the value of each reporting unit on january 1 , 2002 . the company recorded an impairment charge of $ 387.8 million for the year ended december 31 , 2002 related to the impairment of goodwill within these reporting units . such charge included full impairment for all of the goodwill within the reporting units except kline , for which only a partial impairment was recorded . as discussed in note 2 , the assets of all of these reporting units were sold as of december 31 , 2003 , except for those of kline and our tower construction services unit , which were sold in march and november 2004 , respectively . rental and management 2014the company obtained an independent third party appraisal of the rental and management reporting unit that contains goodwill and determined that goodwill was not impaired . the company 2019s other intangible assets subject to amortization consist of the following as of december 31 , ( in thousands ) : .

1		2004	2003

2	acquired customer base and network location intangibles	$ 1369607	$ 1299521

3	deferred financing costs	89736	111484

4	acquired licenses and other intangibles	43404	43125

5	total	1502747	1454130

6	less accumulated amortization	-517444 ( 517444 )	-434381 ( 434381 )

7	other intangible assets net	$ 985303	$ 1019749

 the company amortizes its intangible assets over periods ranging from three to fifteen years . amortization of intangible assets for the years ended december 31 , 2004 and 2003 aggregated approximately $ 97.8 million and $ 94.6 million , respectively ( excluding amortization of deferred financing costs , which is included in interest expense ) . the company expects to record amortization expense of approximately $ 97.8 million , $ 95.9 million , $ 92.0 million , $ 90.5 million and $ 88.8 million , respectively , for the years ended december 31 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 , 2008 and 2009 , respectively . 5 . notes receivable in 2000 , the company loaned tv azteca , s.a . de c.v . ( tv azteca ) , the owner of a major national television network in mexico , $ 119.8 million . the loan , which initially bore interest at 12.87% ( 12.87 % ) , payable quarterly , was discounted by the company , as the fair value interest rate at the date of the loan was determined to be 14.25% ( 14.25 % ) . the loan was amended effective january 1 , 2003 to increase the original interest rate to 13.11% ( 13.11 % ) . as of december 31 , 2004 , and 2003 , approximately $ 119.8 million undiscounted ( $ 108.2 million discounted ) under the loan was outstanding and included in notes receivable and other long-term assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets . the term of the loan is seventy years ; however , the loan may be prepaid by tv .
Conversations:
q0: what is the net change in the balance of other intangible assets net from 2003 to 2004? {answer0}
Question: what percentage change does this represent?
Answer:

Answer: -0.03378


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: performance graph comparison of five-year cumulative total return the following graph and table compare the cumulative total return on citi 2019s common stock , which is listed on the nyse under the ticker symbol 201cc 201d and held by 65691 common stockholders of record as of january 31 , 2018 , with the cumulative total return of the s&p 500 index and the s&p financial index over the five-year period through december 31 , 2017 . the graph and table assume that $ 100 was invested on december 31 , 2012 in citi 2019s common stock , the s&p 500 index and the s&p financial index , and that all dividends were reinvested . comparison of five-year cumulative total return for the years ended date citi s&p 500 financials .

1	date	citi	s&p 500	s&p financials

2	31-dec-2012	100.0	100.0	100.0

3	31-dec-2013	131.8	132.4	135.6

4	31-dec-2014	137.0	150.5	156.2

5	31-dec-2015	131.4	152.6	153.9

6	31-dec-2016	152.3	170.8	188.9

7	31-dec-2017	193.5	208.1	230.9

 .
Conversations:
Question: what is the value of citi common stock in 2017 less an initial $100 investment?
Answer:

Answer: 93.5


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: performance graph comparison of five-year cumulative total return the following graph and table compare the cumulative total return on citi 2019s common stock , which is listed on the nyse under the ticker symbol 201cc 201d and held by 65691 common stockholders of record as of january 31 , 2018 , with the cumulative total return of the s&p 500 index and the s&p financial index over the five-year period through december 31 , 2017 . the graph and table assume that $ 100 was invested on december 31 , 2012 in citi 2019s common stock , the s&p 500 index and the s&p financial index , and that all dividends were reinvested . comparison of five-year cumulative total return for the years ended date citi s&p 500 financials .

1	date	citi	s&p 500	s&p financials

2	31-dec-2012	100.0	100.0	100.0

3	31-dec-2013	131.8	132.4	135.6

4	31-dec-2014	137.0	150.5	156.2

5	31-dec-2015	131.4	152.6	153.9

6	31-dec-2016	152.3	170.8	188.9

7	31-dec-2017	193.5	208.1	230.9

 .
Conversations:
q0: what is the value of citi common stock in 2017 less an initial $100 investment? {answer0}
Question: what is that divided by 100?
Answer:

Answer: 0.935


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: table of contents adobe inc . notes to consolidated financial statements ( continued ) certain states and foreign jurisdictions to fully utilize available tax credits and other attributes . the deferred tax assets are offset by a valuation allowance to the extent it is more likely than not that they are not expected to be realized . we provide u.s . income taxes on the earnings of foreign subsidiaries unless the subsidiaries 2019 earnings are considered permanently reinvested outside the united states or are exempted from taxation as a result of the new territorial tax system . to the extent that the foreign earnings previously treated as permanently reinvested are repatriated , the related u.s . tax liability may be reduced by any foreign income taxes paid on these earnings . as of november 30 , 2018 , the cumulative amount of earnings upon which u.s . income taxes have not been provided is approximately $ 275 million . the unrecognized deferred tax liability for these earnings is approximately $ 57.8 million . as of november 30 , 2018 , we have net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 881.1 million for federal and $ 349.7 million for state . we also have federal , state and foreign tax credit carryforwards of approximately $ 8.8 million , $ 189.9 million and $ 14.9 million , respectively . the net operating loss carryforward assets and tax credits will expire in various years from fiscal 2019 through 2036 . the state tax credit carryforwards and a portion of the federal net operating loss carryforwards can be carried forward indefinitely . the net operating loss carryforward assets and certain credits are reduced by the valuation allowance and are subject to an annual limitation under internal revenue code section 382 , the carrying amount of which are expected to be fully realized . as of november 30 , 2018 , a valuation allowance of $ 174.5 million has been established for certain deferred tax assets related to certain state and foreign assets . for fiscal 2018 , the total change in the valuation allowance was $ 80.9 million . accounting for uncertainty in income taxes during fiscal 2018 and 2017 , our aggregate changes in our total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits are summarized as follows ( in thousands ) : .

1		2018	2017

2	beginning balance	$ 172945	$ 178413

3	gross increases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 prior year tax positions	16191	3680

4	gross decreases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 prior year tax positions	-4000 ( 4000 )	-30166 ( 30166 )

5	gross increases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 current year tax positions	60721	24927

6	settlements with taxing authorities	2014	-3876 ( 3876 )

7	lapse of statute of limitations	-45922 ( 45922 )	-8819 ( 8819 )

8	foreign exchange gains and losses	-3783 ( 3783 )	8786

9	ending balance	$ 196152	$ 172945

 the combined amount of accrued interest and penalties related to tax positions taken on our tax returns were approximately $ 24.6 million and $ 23.6 million for fiscal 2018 and 2017 , respectively . these amounts were included in long-term income taxes payable in their respective years . we file income tax returns in the united states on a federal basis and in many u.s . state and foreign jurisdictions . we are subject to the continual examination of our income tax returns by the irs and other domestic and foreign tax authorities . our major tax jurisdictions are ireland , california and the united states . for ireland , california and the united states , the earliest fiscal years open for examination are 2008 , 2014 and 2015 , respectively . we regularly assess the likelihood of outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes and have reserved for potential adjustments that may result from these examinations . we believe such estimates to be reasonable ; however , there can be no assurance that the final determination of any of these examinations will not have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial position . the timing of the resolution of income tax examinations is highly uncertain as are the amounts and timing of tax payments that are part of any audit settlement process . these events could cause large fluctuations in the balance of short-term and long- term assets , liabilities and income taxes payable . we believe that within the next 12 months , it is reasonably possible that either certain audits will conclude or statutes of limitations on certain income tax examination periods will expire , or both . given the uncertainties described above , we can only determine a range of estimated potential effect in underlying unrecognized tax benefits ranging from $ 0 to approximately $ 45 million. .
Conversations:
Question: what was the total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits in 2018?
Answer:

Answer: 196152.0


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: table of contents adobe inc . notes to consolidated financial statements ( continued ) certain states and foreign jurisdictions to fully utilize available tax credits and other attributes . the deferred tax assets are offset by a valuation allowance to the extent it is more likely than not that they are not expected to be realized . we provide u.s . income taxes on the earnings of foreign subsidiaries unless the subsidiaries 2019 earnings are considered permanently reinvested outside the united states or are exempted from taxation as a result of the new territorial tax system . to the extent that the foreign earnings previously treated as permanently reinvested are repatriated , the related u.s . tax liability may be reduced by any foreign income taxes paid on these earnings . as of november 30 , 2018 , the cumulative amount of earnings upon which u.s . income taxes have not been provided is approximately $ 275 million . the unrecognized deferred tax liability for these earnings is approximately $ 57.8 million . as of november 30 , 2018 , we have net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 881.1 million for federal and $ 349.7 million for state . we also have federal , state and foreign tax credit carryforwards of approximately $ 8.8 million , $ 189.9 million and $ 14.9 million , respectively . the net operating loss carryforward assets and tax credits will expire in various years from fiscal 2019 through 2036 . the state tax credit carryforwards and a portion of the federal net operating loss carryforwards can be carried forward indefinitely . the net operating loss carryforward assets and certain credits are reduced by the valuation allowance and are subject to an annual limitation under internal revenue code section 382 , the carrying amount of which are expected to be fully realized . as of november 30 , 2018 , a valuation allowance of $ 174.5 million has been established for certain deferred tax assets related to certain state and foreign assets . for fiscal 2018 , the total change in the valuation allowance was $ 80.9 million . accounting for uncertainty in income taxes during fiscal 2018 and 2017 , our aggregate changes in our total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits are summarized as follows ( in thousands ) : .

1		2018	2017

2	beginning balance	$ 172945	$ 178413

3	gross increases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 prior year tax positions	16191	3680

4	gross decreases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 prior year tax positions	-4000 ( 4000 )	-30166 ( 30166 )

5	gross increases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 current year tax positions	60721	24927

6	settlements with taxing authorities	2014	-3876 ( 3876 )

7	lapse of statute of limitations	-45922 ( 45922 )	-8819 ( 8819 )

8	foreign exchange gains and losses	-3783 ( 3783 )	8786

9	ending balance	$ 196152	$ 172945

 the combined amount of accrued interest and penalties related to tax positions taken on our tax returns were approximately $ 24.6 million and $ 23.6 million for fiscal 2018 and 2017 , respectively . these amounts were included in long-term income taxes payable in their respective years . we file income tax returns in the united states on a federal basis and in many u.s . state and foreign jurisdictions . we are subject to the continual examination of our income tax returns by the irs and other domestic and foreign tax authorities . our major tax jurisdictions are ireland , california and the united states . for ireland , california and the united states , the earliest fiscal years open for examination are 2008 , 2014 and 2015 , respectively . we regularly assess the likelihood of outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes and have reserved for potential adjustments that may result from these examinations . we believe such estimates to be reasonable ; however , there can be no assurance that the final determination of any of these examinations will not have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial position . the timing of the resolution of income tax examinations is highly uncertain as are the amounts and timing of tax payments that are part of any audit settlement process . these events could cause large fluctuations in the balance of short-term and long- term assets , liabilities and income taxes payable . we believe that within the next 12 months , it is reasonably possible that either certain audits will conclude or statutes of limitations on certain income tax examination periods will expire , or both . given the uncertainties described above , we can only determine a range of estimated potential effect in underlying unrecognized tax benefits ranging from $ 0 to approximately $ 45 million. .
Conversations:
q0: what was the total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits in 2018? {answer0}
Question: what was the value in 2017?
Answer:

Answer: 172945.0