Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: table of contents adobe inc . notes to consolidated financial statements ( continued ) certain states and foreign jurisdictions to fully utilize available tax credits and other attributes . the deferred tax assets are offset by a valuation allowance to the extent it is more likely than not that they are not expected to be realized . we provide u.s . income taxes on the earnings of foreign subsidiaries unless the subsidiaries 2019 earnings are considered permanently reinvested outside the united states or are exempted from taxation as a result of the new territorial tax system . to the extent that the foreign earnings previously treated as permanently reinvested are repatriated , the related u.s . tax liability may be reduced by any foreign income taxes paid on these earnings . as of november 30 , 2018 , the cumulative amount of earnings upon which u.s . income taxes have not been provided is approximately $ 275 million . the unrecognized deferred tax liability for these earnings is approximately $ 57.8 million . as of november 30 , 2018 , we have net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 881.1 million for federal and $ 349.7 million for state . we also have federal , state and foreign tax credit carryforwards of approximately $ 8.8 million , $ 189.9 million and $ 14.9 million , respectively . the net operating loss carryforward assets and tax credits will expire in various years from fiscal 2019 through 2036 . the state tax credit carryforwards and a portion of the federal net operating loss carryforwards can be carried forward indefinitely . the net operating loss carryforward assets and certain credits are reduced by the valuation allowance and are subject to an annual limitation under internal revenue code section 382 , the carrying amount of which are expected to be fully realized . as of november 30 , 2018 , a valuation allowance of $ 174.5 million has been established for certain deferred tax assets related to certain state and foreign assets . for fiscal 2018 , the total change in the valuation allowance was $ 80.9 million . accounting for uncertainty in income taxes during fiscal 2018 and 2017 , our aggregate changes in our total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits are summarized as follows ( in thousands ) : .

1		2018	2017

2	beginning balance	$ 172945	$ 178413

3	gross increases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 prior year tax positions	16191	3680

4	gross decreases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 prior year tax positions	-4000 ( 4000 )	-30166 ( 30166 )

5	gross increases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 current year tax positions	60721	24927

6	settlements with taxing authorities	2014	-3876 ( 3876 )

7	lapse of statute of limitations	-45922 ( 45922 )	-8819 ( 8819 )

8	foreign exchange gains and losses	-3783 ( 3783 )	8786

9	ending balance	$ 196152	$ 172945

 the combined amount of accrued interest and penalties related to tax positions taken on our tax returns were approximately $ 24.6 million and $ 23.6 million for fiscal 2018 and 2017 , respectively . these amounts were included in long-term income taxes payable in their respective years . we file income tax returns in the united states on a federal basis and in many u.s . state and foreign jurisdictions . we are subject to the continual examination of our income tax returns by the irs and other domestic and foreign tax authorities . our major tax jurisdictions are ireland , california and the united states . for ireland , california and the united states , the earliest fiscal years open for examination are 2008 , 2014 and 2015 , respectively . we regularly assess the likelihood of outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes and have reserved for potential adjustments that may result from these examinations . we believe such estimates to be reasonable ; however , there can be no assurance that the final determination of any of these examinations will not have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial position . the timing of the resolution of income tax examinations is highly uncertain as are the amounts and timing of tax payments that are part of any audit settlement process . these events could cause large fluctuations in the balance of short-term and long- term assets , liabilities and income taxes payable . we believe that within the next 12 months , it is reasonably possible that either certain audits will conclude or statutes of limitations on certain income tax examination periods will expire , or both . given the uncertainties described above , we can only determine a range of estimated potential effect in underlying unrecognized tax benefits ranging from $ 0 to approximately $ 45 million. .
Conversations:
Question: what was the beginning balance in the gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits in 2018?
Answer:

Answer: 172945.0


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: table of contents adobe inc . notes to consolidated financial statements ( continued ) certain states and foreign jurisdictions to fully utilize available tax credits and other attributes . the deferred tax assets are offset by a valuation allowance to the extent it is more likely than not that they are not expected to be realized . we provide u.s . income taxes on the earnings of foreign subsidiaries unless the subsidiaries 2019 earnings are considered permanently reinvested outside the united states or are exempted from taxation as a result of the new territorial tax system . to the extent that the foreign earnings previously treated as permanently reinvested are repatriated , the related u.s . tax liability may be reduced by any foreign income taxes paid on these earnings . as of november 30 , 2018 , the cumulative amount of earnings upon which u.s . income taxes have not been provided is approximately $ 275 million . the unrecognized deferred tax liability for these earnings is approximately $ 57.8 million . as of november 30 , 2018 , we have net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 881.1 million for federal and $ 349.7 million for state . we also have federal , state and foreign tax credit carryforwards of approximately $ 8.8 million , $ 189.9 million and $ 14.9 million , respectively . the net operating loss carryforward assets and tax credits will expire in various years from fiscal 2019 through 2036 . the state tax credit carryforwards and a portion of the federal net operating loss carryforwards can be carried forward indefinitely . the net operating loss carryforward assets and certain credits are reduced by the valuation allowance and are subject to an annual limitation under internal revenue code section 382 , the carrying amount of which are expected to be fully realized . as of november 30 , 2018 , a valuation allowance of $ 174.5 million has been established for certain deferred tax assets related to certain state and foreign assets . for fiscal 2018 , the total change in the valuation allowance was $ 80.9 million . accounting for uncertainty in income taxes during fiscal 2018 and 2017 , our aggregate changes in our total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits are summarized as follows ( in thousands ) : .

1		2018	2017

2	beginning balance	$ 172945	$ 178413

3	gross increases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 prior year tax positions	16191	3680

4	gross decreases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 prior year tax positions	-4000 ( 4000 )	-30166 ( 30166 )

5	gross increases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 current year tax positions	60721	24927

6	settlements with taxing authorities	2014	-3876 ( 3876 )

7	lapse of statute of limitations	-45922 ( 45922 )	-8819 ( 8819 )

8	foreign exchange gains and losses	-3783 ( 3783 )	8786

9	ending balance	$ 196152	$ 172945

 the combined amount of accrued interest and penalties related to tax positions taken on our tax returns were approximately $ 24.6 million and $ 23.6 million for fiscal 2018 and 2017 , respectively . these amounts were included in long-term income taxes payable in their respective years . we file income tax returns in the united states on a federal basis and in many u.s . state and foreign jurisdictions . we are subject to the continual examination of our income tax returns by the irs and other domestic and foreign tax authorities . our major tax jurisdictions are ireland , california and the united states . for ireland , california and the united states , the earliest fiscal years open for examination are 2008 , 2014 and 2015 , respectively . we regularly assess the likelihood of outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes and have reserved for potential adjustments that may result from these examinations . we believe such estimates to be reasonable ; however , there can be no assurance that the final determination of any of these examinations will not have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial position . the timing of the resolution of income tax examinations is highly uncertain as are the amounts and timing of tax payments that are part of any audit settlement process . these events could cause large fluctuations in the balance of short-term and long- term assets , liabilities and income taxes payable . we believe that within the next 12 months , it is reasonably possible that either certain audits will conclude or statutes of limitations on certain income tax examination periods will expire , or both . given the uncertainties described above , we can only determine a range of estimated potential effect in underlying unrecognized tax benefits ranging from $ 0 to approximately $ 45 million. .
Conversations:
q0: what was the beginning balance in the gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits in 2018? {answer0}
Question: what is the beginning balance in 2017?
Answer:

Answer: 178413.0


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: table of contents adobe inc . notes to consolidated financial statements ( continued ) certain states and foreign jurisdictions to fully utilize available tax credits and other attributes . the deferred tax assets are offset by a valuation allowance to the extent it is more likely than not that they are not expected to be realized . we provide u.s . income taxes on the earnings of foreign subsidiaries unless the subsidiaries 2019 earnings are considered permanently reinvested outside the united states or are exempted from taxation as a result of the new territorial tax system . to the extent that the foreign earnings previously treated as permanently reinvested are repatriated , the related u.s . tax liability may be reduced by any foreign income taxes paid on these earnings . as of november 30 , 2018 , the cumulative amount of earnings upon which u.s . income taxes have not been provided is approximately $ 275 million . the unrecognized deferred tax liability for these earnings is approximately $ 57.8 million . as of november 30 , 2018 , we have net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 881.1 million for federal and $ 349.7 million for state . we also have federal , state and foreign tax credit carryforwards of approximately $ 8.8 million , $ 189.9 million and $ 14.9 million , respectively . the net operating loss carryforward assets and tax credits will expire in various years from fiscal 2019 through 2036 . the state tax credit carryforwards and a portion of the federal net operating loss carryforwards can be carried forward indefinitely . the net operating loss carryforward assets and certain credits are reduced by the valuation allowance and are subject to an annual limitation under internal revenue code section 382 , the carrying amount of which are expected to be fully realized . as of november 30 , 2018 , a valuation allowance of $ 174.5 million has been established for certain deferred tax assets related to certain state and foreign assets . for fiscal 2018 , the total change in the valuation allowance was $ 80.9 million . accounting for uncertainty in income taxes during fiscal 2018 and 2017 , our aggregate changes in our total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits are summarized as follows ( in thousands ) : .

1		2018	2017

2	beginning balance	$ 172945	$ 178413

3	gross increases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 prior year tax positions	16191	3680

4	gross decreases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 prior year tax positions	-4000 ( 4000 )	-30166 ( 30166 )

5	gross increases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 current year tax positions	60721	24927

6	settlements with taxing authorities	2014	-3876 ( 3876 )

7	lapse of statute of limitations	-45922 ( 45922 )	-8819 ( 8819 )

8	foreign exchange gains and losses	-3783 ( 3783 )	8786

9	ending balance	$ 196152	$ 172945

 the combined amount of accrued interest and penalties related to tax positions taken on our tax returns were approximately $ 24.6 million and $ 23.6 million for fiscal 2018 and 2017 , respectively . these amounts were included in long-term income taxes payable in their respective years . we file income tax returns in the united states on a federal basis and in many u.s . state and foreign jurisdictions . we are subject to the continual examination of our income tax returns by the irs and other domestic and foreign tax authorities . our major tax jurisdictions are ireland , california and the united states . for ireland , california and the united states , the earliest fiscal years open for examination are 2008 , 2014 and 2015 , respectively . we regularly assess the likelihood of outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes and have reserved for potential adjustments that may result from these examinations . we believe such estimates to be reasonable ; however , there can be no assurance that the final determination of any of these examinations will not have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial position . the timing of the resolution of income tax examinations is highly uncertain as are the amounts and timing of tax payments that are part of any audit settlement process . these events could cause large fluctuations in the balance of short-term and long- term assets , liabilities and income taxes payable . we believe that within the next 12 months , it is reasonably possible that either certain audits will conclude or statutes of limitations on certain income tax examination periods will expire , or both . given the uncertainties described above , we can only determine a range of estimated potential effect in underlying unrecognized tax benefits ranging from $ 0 to approximately $ 45 million. .
Conversations:
q0: what was the beginning balance in the gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits in 2018? {answer0}
q1: what is the beginning balance in 2017? {answer1}
Question: what is the net change from 2017 to 2018?
Answer:

Answer: -5468.0


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: table of contents adobe inc . notes to consolidated financial statements ( continued ) certain states and foreign jurisdictions to fully utilize available tax credits and other attributes . the deferred tax assets are offset by a valuation allowance to the extent it is more likely than not that they are not expected to be realized . we provide u.s . income taxes on the earnings of foreign subsidiaries unless the subsidiaries 2019 earnings are considered permanently reinvested outside the united states or are exempted from taxation as a result of the new territorial tax system . to the extent that the foreign earnings previously treated as permanently reinvested are repatriated , the related u.s . tax liability may be reduced by any foreign income taxes paid on these earnings . as of november 30 , 2018 , the cumulative amount of earnings upon which u.s . income taxes have not been provided is approximately $ 275 million . the unrecognized deferred tax liability for these earnings is approximately $ 57.8 million . as of november 30 , 2018 , we have net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 881.1 million for federal and $ 349.7 million for state . we also have federal , state and foreign tax credit carryforwards of approximately $ 8.8 million , $ 189.9 million and $ 14.9 million , respectively . the net operating loss carryforward assets and tax credits will expire in various years from fiscal 2019 through 2036 . the state tax credit carryforwards and a portion of the federal net operating loss carryforwards can be carried forward indefinitely . the net operating loss carryforward assets and certain credits are reduced by the valuation allowance and are subject to an annual limitation under internal revenue code section 382 , the carrying amount of which are expected to be fully realized . as of november 30 , 2018 , a valuation allowance of $ 174.5 million has been established for certain deferred tax assets related to certain state and foreign assets . for fiscal 2018 , the total change in the valuation allowance was $ 80.9 million . accounting for uncertainty in income taxes during fiscal 2018 and 2017 , our aggregate changes in our total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits are summarized as follows ( in thousands ) : .

1		2018	2017

2	beginning balance	$ 172945	$ 178413

3	gross increases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 prior year tax positions	16191	3680

4	gross decreases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 prior year tax positions	-4000 ( 4000 )	-30166 ( 30166 )

5	gross increases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 current year tax positions	60721	24927

6	settlements with taxing authorities	2014	-3876 ( 3876 )

7	lapse of statute of limitations	-45922 ( 45922 )	-8819 ( 8819 )

8	foreign exchange gains and losses	-3783 ( 3783 )	8786

9	ending balance	$ 196152	$ 172945

 the combined amount of accrued interest and penalties related to tax positions taken on our tax returns were approximately $ 24.6 million and $ 23.6 million for fiscal 2018 and 2017 , respectively . these amounts were included in long-term income taxes payable in their respective years . we file income tax returns in the united states on a federal basis and in many u.s . state and foreign jurisdictions . we are subject to the continual examination of our income tax returns by the irs and other domestic and foreign tax authorities . our major tax jurisdictions are ireland , california and the united states . for ireland , california and the united states , the earliest fiscal years open for examination are 2008 , 2014 and 2015 , respectively . we regularly assess the likelihood of outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes and have reserved for potential adjustments that may result from these examinations . we believe such estimates to be reasonable ; however , there can be no assurance that the final determination of any of these examinations will not have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial position . the timing of the resolution of income tax examinations is highly uncertain as are the amounts and timing of tax payments that are part of any audit settlement process . these events could cause large fluctuations in the balance of short-term and long- term assets , liabilities and income taxes payable . we believe that within the next 12 months , it is reasonably possible that either certain audits will conclude or statutes of limitations on certain income tax examination periods will expire , or both . given the uncertainties described above , we can only determine a range of estimated potential effect in underlying unrecognized tax benefits ranging from $ 0 to approximately $ 45 million. .
Conversations:
q0: what was the beginning balance in the gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits in 2018? {answer0}
q1: what is the beginning balance in 2017? {answer1}
q2: what is the net change from 2017 to 2018? {answer2}
Question: what was the 2017 value?
Answer:

Answer: 178413.0


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: table of contents adobe inc . notes to consolidated financial statements ( continued ) certain states and foreign jurisdictions to fully utilize available tax credits and other attributes . the deferred tax assets are offset by a valuation allowance to the extent it is more likely than not that they are not expected to be realized . we provide u.s . income taxes on the earnings of foreign subsidiaries unless the subsidiaries 2019 earnings are considered permanently reinvested outside the united states or are exempted from taxation as a result of the new territorial tax system . to the extent that the foreign earnings previously treated as permanently reinvested are repatriated , the related u.s . tax liability may be reduced by any foreign income taxes paid on these earnings . as of november 30 , 2018 , the cumulative amount of earnings upon which u.s . income taxes have not been provided is approximately $ 275 million . the unrecognized deferred tax liability for these earnings is approximately $ 57.8 million . as of november 30 , 2018 , we have net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 881.1 million for federal and $ 349.7 million for state . we also have federal , state and foreign tax credit carryforwards of approximately $ 8.8 million , $ 189.9 million and $ 14.9 million , respectively . the net operating loss carryforward assets and tax credits will expire in various years from fiscal 2019 through 2036 . the state tax credit carryforwards and a portion of the federal net operating loss carryforwards can be carried forward indefinitely . the net operating loss carryforward assets and certain credits are reduced by the valuation allowance and are subject to an annual limitation under internal revenue code section 382 , the carrying amount of which are expected to be fully realized . as of november 30 , 2018 , a valuation allowance of $ 174.5 million has been established for certain deferred tax assets related to certain state and foreign assets . for fiscal 2018 , the total change in the valuation allowance was $ 80.9 million . accounting for uncertainty in income taxes during fiscal 2018 and 2017 , our aggregate changes in our total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits are summarized as follows ( in thousands ) : .

1		2018	2017

2	beginning balance	$ 172945	$ 178413

3	gross increases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 prior year tax positions	16191	3680

4	gross decreases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 prior year tax positions	-4000 ( 4000 )	-30166 ( 30166 )

5	gross increases in unrecognized tax benefits 2013 current year tax positions	60721	24927

6	settlements with taxing authorities	2014	-3876 ( 3876 )

7	lapse of statute of limitations	-45922 ( 45922 )	-8819 ( 8819 )

8	foreign exchange gains and losses	-3783 ( 3783 )	8786

9	ending balance	$ 196152	$ 172945

 the combined amount of accrued interest and penalties related to tax positions taken on our tax returns were approximately $ 24.6 million and $ 23.6 million for fiscal 2018 and 2017 , respectively . these amounts were included in long-term income taxes payable in their respective years . we file income tax returns in the united states on a federal basis and in many u.s . state and foreign jurisdictions . we are subject to the continual examination of our income tax returns by the irs and other domestic and foreign tax authorities . our major tax jurisdictions are ireland , california and the united states . for ireland , california and the united states , the earliest fiscal years open for examination are 2008 , 2014 and 2015 , respectively . we regularly assess the likelihood of outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes and have reserved for potential adjustments that may result from these examinations . we believe such estimates to be reasonable ; however , there can be no assurance that the final determination of any of these examinations will not have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial position . the timing of the resolution of income tax examinations is highly uncertain as are the amounts and timing of tax payments that are part of any audit settlement process . these events could cause large fluctuations in the balance of short-term and long- term assets , liabilities and income taxes payable . we believe that within the next 12 months , it is reasonably possible that either certain audits will conclude or statutes of limitations on certain income tax examination periods will expire , or both . given the uncertainties described above , we can only determine a range of estimated potential effect in underlying unrecognized tax benefits ranging from $ 0 to approximately $ 45 million. .
Conversations:
q0: what was the beginning balance in the gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits in 2018? {answer0}
q1: what is the beginning balance in 2017? {answer1}
q2: what is the net change from 2017 to 2018? {answer2}
q3: what was the 2017 value? {answer3}
Question: what is the net change over the 2017 value?
Answer:

Answer: -0.03065


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: the selection and disclosure of our critical accounting estimates have been discussed with our audit committee . the following is a discussion of the more significant assumptions , estimates , accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements : 2022 revenue recognition - we recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists , delivery of product has occurred , the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured . for our company , this means that revenue is recognized when title and risk of loss is transferred to our customers . title transfers to our customers upon shipment or upon receipt at the customer's location as determined by the sales terms for each transaction . the company estimates the cost of sales returns based on historical experience , and these estimates are normally immaterial . 2022 goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets valuation - we test goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets for impairment annually or more frequently if events occur that would warrant such review . we perform our annual impairment analysis in the first quarter of each year . while the company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment for both goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets to determine if it is more likely than not that an impairment exists , the company elects to perform the quantitative assessment for our annual impairment analysis . the impairment analysis involves comparing the fair value of each reporting unit or non-amortizable intangible asset to the carrying value . if the carrying value exceeds the fair value , goodwill or a non-amortizable intangible asset is considered impaired . to determine the fair value of goodwill , we primarily use a discounted cash flow model , supported by the market approach using earnings multiples of comparable global and local companies within the tobacco industry . at december 31 , 2015 , the carrying value of our goodwill was $ 7.4 billion , which is related to ten reporting units , each of which is comprised of a group of markets with similar economic characteristics . the estimated fair value of our ten reporting units exceeded the carrying value as of december 31 , 2015 . to determine the fair value of non-amortizable intangible assets , we primarily use a discounted cash flow model applying the relief-from-royalty method . we concluded that the fair value of our non-amortizable intangible assets exceeded the carrying value , and any reasonable movement in the assumptions would not result in an impairment . these discounted cash flow models include management assumptions relevant for forecasting operating cash flows , which are subject to changes in business conditions , such as volumes and prices , costs to produce , discount rates and estimated capital needs . management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the fair values are estimated , and we believe these assumptions are consistent with the assumptions a hypothetical marketplace participant would use . since the march 28 , 2008 , spin-off from altria , we have not recorded a charge to earnings for an impairment of goodwill or non-amortizable intangible assets . 2022 marketing and advertising costs - we incur certain costs to support our products through programs which include advertising , marketing , consumer engagement and trade promotions . the costs of our advertising and marketing programs are expensed in accordance with u.s . gaap . recognition of the cost related to our consumer engagement and trade promotion programs contain uncertainties due to the judgment required in estimating the potential performance and compliance for each program . for volume-based incentives provided to customers , management continually assesses and estimates , by customer , the likelihood of the customer achieving the specified targets and records the reduction of revenue as the sales are made . for other trade promotions , management relies on estimated utilization rates that have been developed from historical experience . changes in the assumptions used in estimating the cost of any individual marketing program would not result in a material change in our financial position , results of operations or operating cash flows . we have not made any material changes in the accounting methodology used to estimate our marketing programs during the past three years . 2022 employee benefit plans - as discussed in item 8 , note 13 . benefit plans to our consolidated financial statements , we provide a range of benefits to our employees and retired employees , including pensions , postretirement health care and postemployment benefits ( primarily severance ) . we record annual amounts relating to these plans based on calculations specified by u.s . gaap . these calculations include various actuarial assumptions , such as discount rates , assumed rates of return on plan assets , compensation increases , mortality , turnover rates and health care cost trend rates . we review actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and make modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends when it is deemed appropriate to do so . as permitted by u.s . gaap , any effect of the modifications is generally amortized over future periods . we believe that the assumptions utilized in calculating our obligations under these plans are reasonable based upon our historical experience and advice from our actuaries . weighted-average discount rate assumptions for pensions and postretirement plans are as follows: .

1		2015	2014

2	u.s . pension plans	4.30% ( 4.30 % )	3.95% ( 3.95 % )

3	non-u.s . pension plans	1.68% ( 1.68 % )	1.92% ( 1.92 % )

4	postretirement plans	4.45% ( 4.45 % )	4.20% ( 4.20 % )

 we anticipate that assumption changes , coupled with decreased amortization of deferred losses , will decrease 2016 pre-tax u.s . and non- u.s . pension and postretirement expense to approximately $ 209 million as compared with approximately $ 240 million in 2015 , excluding .
Conversations:
Question: what is the weighted average discount rate for u.s pension plans in 2015?
Answer:

Answer: 4.3


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: the selection and disclosure of our critical accounting estimates have been discussed with our audit committee . the following is a discussion of the more significant assumptions , estimates , accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements : 2022 revenue recognition - we recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists , delivery of product has occurred , the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured . for our company , this means that revenue is recognized when title and risk of loss is transferred to our customers . title transfers to our customers upon shipment or upon receipt at the customer's location as determined by the sales terms for each transaction . the company estimates the cost of sales returns based on historical experience , and these estimates are normally immaterial . 2022 goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets valuation - we test goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets for impairment annually or more frequently if events occur that would warrant such review . we perform our annual impairment analysis in the first quarter of each year . while the company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment for both goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets to determine if it is more likely than not that an impairment exists , the company elects to perform the quantitative assessment for our annual impairment analysis . the impairment analysis involves comparing the fair value of each reporting unit or non-amortizable intangible asset to the carrying value . if the carrying value exceeds the fair value , goodwill or a non-amortizable intangible asset is considered impaired . to determine the fair value of goodwill , we primarily use a discounted cash flow model , supported by the market approach using earnings multiples of comparable global and local companies within the tobacco industry . at december 31 , 2015 , the carrying value of our goodwill was $ 7.4 billion , which is related to ten reporting units , each of which is comprised of a group of markets with similar economic characteristics . the estimated fair value of our ten reporting units exceeded the carrying value as of december 31 , 2015 . to determine the fair value of non-amortizable intangible assets , we primarily use a discounted cash flow model applying the relief-from-royalty method . we concluded that the fair value of our non-amortizable intangible assets exceeded the carrying value , and any reasonable movement in the assumptions would not result in an impairment . these discounted cash flow models include management assumptions relevant for forecasting operating cash flows , which are subject to changes in business conditions , such as volumes and prices , costs to produce , discount rates and estimated capital needs . management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the fair values are estimated , and we believe these assumptions are consistent with the assumptions a hypothetical marketplace participant would use . since the march 28 , 2008 , spin-off from altria , we have not recorded a charge to earnings for an impairment of goodwill or non-amortizable intangible assets . 2022 marketing and advertising costs - we incur certain costs to support our products through programs which include advertising , marketing , consumer engagement and trade promotions . the costs of our advertising and marketing programs are expensed in accordance with u.s . gaap . recognition of the cost related to our consumer engagement and trade promotion programs contain uncertainties due to the judgment required in estimating the potential performance and compliance for each program . for volume-based incentives provided to customers , management continually assesses and estimates , by customer , the likelihood of the customer achieving the specified targets and records the reduction of revenue as the sales are made . for other trade promotions , management relies on estimated utilization rates that have been developed from historical experience . changes in the assumptions used in estimating the cost of any individual marketing program would not result in a material change in our financial position , results of operations or operating cash flows . we have not made any material changes in the accounting methodology used to estimate our marketing programs during the past three years . 2022 employee benefit plans - as discussed in item 8 , note 13 . benefit plans to our consolidated financial statements , we provide a range of benefits to our employees and retired employees , including pensions , postretirement health care and postemployment benefits ( primarily severance ) . we record annual amounts relating to these plans based on calculations specified by u.s . gaap . these calculations include various actuarial assumptions , such as discount rates , assumed rates of return on plan assets , compensation increases , mortality , turnover rates and health care cost trend rates . we review actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and make modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends when it is deemed appropriate to do so . as permitted by u.s . gaap , any effect of the modifications is generally amortized over future periods . we believe that the assumptions utilized in calculating our obligations under these plans are reasonable based upon our historical experience and advice from our actuaries . weighted-average discount rate assumptions for pensions and postretirement plans are as follows: .

1		2015	2014

2	u.s . pension plans	4.30% ( 4.30 % )	3.95% ( 3.95 % )

3	non-u.s . pension plans	1.68% ( 1.68 % )	1.92% ( 1.92 % )

4	postretirement plans	4.45% ( 4.45 % )	4.20% ( 4.20 % )

 we anticipate that assumption changes , coupled with decreased amortization of deferred losses , will decrease 2016 pre-tax u.s . and non- u.s . pension and postretirement expense to approximately $ 209 million as compared with approximately $ 240 million in 2015 , excluding .
Conversations:
q0: what is the weighted average discount rate for u.s pension plans in 2015? {answer0}
Question: what was the number in 2014?
Answer:

Answer: 3.95


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: the selection and disclosure of our critical accounting estimates have been discussed with our audit committee . the following is a discussion of the more significant assumptions , estimates , accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements : 2022 revenue recognition - we recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists , delivery of product has occurred , the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured . for our company , this means that revenue is recognized when title and risk of loss is transferred to our customers . title transfers to our customers upon shipment or upon receipt at the customer's location as determined by the sales terms for each transaction . the company estimates the cost of sales returns based on historical experience , and these estimates are normally immaterial . 2022 goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets valuation - we test goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets for impairment annually or more frequently if events occur that would warrant such review . we perform our annual impairment analysis in the first quarter of each year . while the company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment for both goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets to determine if it is more likely than not that an impairment exists , the company elects to perform the quantitative assessment for our annual impairment analysis . the impairment analysis involves comparing the fair value of each reporting unit or non-amortizable intangible asset to the carrying value . if the carrying value exceeds the fair value , goodwill or a non-amortizable intangible asset is considered impaired . to determine the fair value of goodwill , we primarily use a discounted cash flow model , supported by the market approach using earnings multiples of comparable global and local companies within the tobacco industry . at december 31 , 2015 , the carrying value of our goodwill was $ 7.4 billion , which is related to ten reporting units , each of which is comprised of a group of markets with similar economic characteristics . the estimated fair value of our ten reporting units exceeded the carrying value as of december 31 , 2015 . to determine the fair value of non-amortizable intangible assets , we primarily use a discounted cash flow model applying the relief-from-royalty method . we concluded that the fair value of our non-amortizable intangible assets exceeded the carrying value , and any reasonable movement in the assumptions would not result in an impairment . these discounted cash flow models include management assumptions relevant for forecasting operating cash flows , which are subject to changes in business conditions , such as volumes and prices , costs to produce , discount rates and estimated capital needs . management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the fair values are estimated , and we believe these assumptions are consistent with the assumptions a hypothetical marketplace participant would use . since the march 28 , 2008 , spin-off from altria , we have not recorded a charge to earnings for an impairment of goodwill or non-amortizable intangible assets . 2022 marketing and advertising costs - we incur certain costs to support our products through programs which include advertising , marketing , consumer engagement and trade promotions . the costs of our advertising and marketing programs are expensed in accordance with u.s . gaap . recognition of the cost related to our consumer engagement and trade promotion programs contain uncertainties due to the judgment required in estimating the potential performance and compliance for each program . for volume-based incentives provided to customers , management continually assesses and estimates , by customer , the likelihood of the customer achieving the specified targets and records the reduction of revenue as the sales are made . for other trade promotions , management relies on estimated utilization rates that have been developed from historical experience . changes in the assumptions used in estimating the cost of any individual marketing program would not result in a material change in our financial position , results of operations or operating cash flows . we have not made any material changes in the accounting methodology used to estimate our marketing programs during the past three years . 2022 employee benefit plans - as discussed in item 8 , note 13 . benefit plans to our consolidated financial statements , we provide a range of benefits to our employees and retired employees , including pensions , postretirement health care and postemployment benefits ( primarily severance ) . we record annual amounts relating to these plans based on calculations specified by u.s . gaap . these calculations include various actuarial assumptions , such as discount rates , assumed rates of return on plan assets , compensation increases , mortality , turnover rates and health care cost trend rates . we review actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and make modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends when it is deemed appropriate to do so . as permitted by u.s . gaap , any effect of the modifications is generally amortized over future periods . we believe that the assumptions utilized in calculating our obligations under these plans are reasonable based upon our historical experience and advice from our actuaries . weighted-average discount rate assumptions for pensions and postretirement plans are as follows: .

1		2015	2014

2	u.s . pension plans	4.30% ( 4.30 % )	3.95% ( 3.95 % )

3	non-u.s . pension plans	1.68% ( 1.68 % )	1.92% ( 1.92 % )

4	postretirement plans	4.45% ( 4.45 % )	4.20% ( 4.20 % )

 we anticipate that assumption changes , coupled with decreased amortization of deferred losses , will decrease 2016 pre-tax u.s . and non- u.s . pension and postretirement expense to approximately $ 209 million as compared with approximately $ 240 million in 2015 , excluding .
Conversations:
q0: what is the weighted average discount rate for u.s pension plans in 2015? {answer0}
q1: what was the number in 2014? {answer1}
Question: what is the difference?
Answer:

Answer: 0.35


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: the selection and disclosure of our critical accounting estimates have been discussed with our audit committee . the following is a discussion of the more significant assumptions , estimates , accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements : 2022 revenue recognition - we recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists , delivery of product has occurred , the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured . for our company , this means that revenue is recognized when title and risk of loss is transferred to our customers . title transfers to our customers upon shipment or upon receipt at the customer's location as determined by the sales terms for each transaction . the company estimates the cost of sales returns based on historical experience , and these estimates are normally immaterial . 2022 goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets valuation - we test goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets for impairment annually or more frequently if events occur that would warrant such review . we perform our annual impairment analysis in the first quarter of each year . while the company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment for both goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets to determine if it is more likely than not that an impairment exists , the company elects to perform the quantitative assessment for our annual impairment analysis . the impairment analysis involves comparing the fair value of each reporting unit or non-amortizable intangible asset to the carrying value . if the carrying value exceeds the fair value , goodwill or a non-amortizable intangible asset is considered impaired . to determine the fair value of goodwill , we primarily use a discounted cash flow model , supported by the market approach using earnings multiples of comparable global and local companies within the tobacco industry . at december 31 , 2015 , the carrying value of our goodwill was $ 7.4 billion , which is related to ten reporting units , each of which is comprised of a group of markets with similar economic characteristics . the estimated fair value of our ten reporting units exceeded the carrying value as of december 31 , 2015 . to determine the fair value of non-amortizable intangible assets , we primarily use a discounted cash flow model applying the relief-from-royalty method . we concluded that the fair value of our non-amortizable intangible assets exceeded the carrying value , and any reasonable movement in the assumptions would not result in an impairment . these discounted cash flow models include management assumptions relevant for forecasting operating cash flows , which are subject to changes in business conditions , such as volumes and prices , costs to produce , discount rates and estimated capital needs . management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the fair values are estimated , and we believe these assumptions are consistent with the assumptions a hypothetical marketplace participant would use . since the march 28 , 2008 , spin-off from altria , we have not recorded a charge to earnings for an impairment of goodwill or non-amortizable intangible assets . 2022 marketing and advertising costs - we incur certain costs to support our products through programs which include advertising , marketing , consumer engagement and trade promotions . the costs of our advertising and marketing programs are expensed in accordance with u.s . gaap . recognition of the cost related to our consumer engagement and trade promotion programs contain uncertainties due to the judgment required in estimating the potential performance and compliance for each program . for volume-based incentives provided to customers , management continually assesses and estimates , by customer , the likelihood of the customer achieving the specified targets and records the reduction of revenue as the sales are made . for other trade promotions , management relies on estimated utilization rates that have been developed from historical experience . changes in the assumptions used in estimating the cost of any individual marketing program would not result in a material change in our financial position , results of operations or operating cash flows . we have not made any material changes in the accounting methodology used to estimate our marketing programs during the past three years . 2022 employee benefit plans - as discussed in item 8 , note 13 . benefit plans to our consolidated financial statements , we provide a range of benefits to our employees and retired employees , including pensions , postretirement health care and postemployment benefits ( primarily severance ) . we record annual amounts relating to these plans based on calculations specified by u.s . gaap . these calculations include various actuarial assumptions , such as discount rates , assumed rates of return on plan assets , compensation increases , mortality , turnover rates and health care cost trend rates . we review actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and make modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends when it is deemed appropriate to do so . as permitted by u.s . gaap , any effect of the modifications is generally amortized over future periods . we believe that the assumptions utilized in calculating our obligations under these plans are reasonable based upon our historical experience and advice from our actuaries . weighted-average discount rate assumptions for pensions and postretirement plans are as follows: .

1		2015	2014

2	u.s . pension plans	4.30% ( 4.30 % )	3.95% ( 3.95 % )

3	non-u.s . pension plans	1.68% ( 1.68 % )	1.92% ( 1.92 % )

4	postretirement plans	4.45% ( 4.45 % )	4.20% ( 4.20 % )

 we anticipate that assumption changes , coupled with decreased amortization of deferred losses , will decrease 2016 pre-tax u.s . and non- u.s . pension and postretirement expense to approximately $ 209 million as compared with approximately $ 240 million in 2015 , excluding .
Conversations:
q0: what is the weighted average discount rate for u.s pension plans in 2015? {answer0}
q1: what was the number in 2014? {answer1}
q2: what is the difference? {answer2}
Question: what is the difference divided by the 2014 value?
Answer:

Answer: 0.08861


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: we have adequate access to capital markets to meet any foreseeable cash requirements , and we have sufficient financial capacity to satisfy our current liabilities . cash flows millions 2014 2013 2012 .

1	cash flowsmillions	2014	2013	2012

2	cash provided by operating activities	$ 7385	$ 6823	$ 6161

3	cash used in investing activities	-4249 ( 4249 )	-3405 ( 3405 )	-3633 ( 3633 )

4	cash used in financing activities	-2982 ( 2982 )	-3049 ( 3049 )	-2682 ( 2682 )

5	net change in cash and cashequivalents	$ 154	$ 369	$ -154 ( 154 )

 operating activities higher net income in 2014 increased cash provided by operating activities compared to 2013 , despite higher income tax payments . 2014 income tax payments were higher than 2013 primarily due to higher income , but also because we paid taxes previously deferred by bonus depreciation ( discussed below ) . higher net income in 2013 increased cash provided by operating activities compared to 2012 . in addition , we made payments in 2012 for past wages as a result of national labor negotiations , which reduced cash provided by operating activities in 2012 . lower tax benefits from bonus depreciation ( as discussed below ) partially offset the increases . federal tax law provided for 100% ( 100 % ) bonus depreciation for qualified investments made during 2011 and 50% ( 50 % ) bonus depreciation for qualified investments made during 2012-2013 . as a result , the company deferred a substantial portion of its 2011-2013 income tax expense , contributing to the positive operating cash flow in those years . congress extended 50% ( 50 % ) bonus depreciation for 2014 , but this extension occurred in december and did not have a significant benefit on our income tax payments during 2014 . investing activities higher capital investments , including the early buyout of the long-term operating lease of our headquarters building for approximately $ 261 million , drove the increase in cash used in investing activities compared to 2013 . significant investments also were made for new locomotives , freight cars and containers , and capacity and commercial facility projects . capital investments in 2014 also included $ 99 million for the early buyout of locomotives and freight cars under long-term operating leases , which we exercised due to favorable economic terms and market conditions . lower capital investments in locomotives and freight cars in 2013 drove the decrease in cash used in investing activities compared to 2012 . included in capital investments in 2012 was $ 75 million for the early buyout of 165 locomotives under long-term operating and capital leases during the first quarter of 2012 , which we exercised due to favorable economic terms and market conditions. .
Conversations:
Question: what was the value included in the capital investments for buyout of locomotives in 2012, in dollars?
Answer:

Answer: 75000000.0


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: we have adequate access to capital markets to meet any foreseeable cash requirements , and we have sufficient financial capacity to satisfy our current liabilities . cash flows millions 2014 2013 2012 .

1	cash flowsmillions	2014	2013	2012

2	cash provided by operating activities	$ 7385	$ 6823	$ 6161

3	cash used in investing activities	-4249 ( 4249 )	-3405 ( 3405 )	-3633 ( 3633 )

4	cash used in financing activities	-2982 ( 2982 )	-3049 ( 3049 )	-2682 ( 2682 )

5	net change in cash and cashequivalents	$ 154	$ 369	$ -154 ( 154 )

 operating activities higher net income in 2014 increased cash provided by operating activities compared to 2013 , despite higher income tax payments . 2014 income tax payments were higher than 2013 primarily due to higher income , but also because we paid taxes previously deferred by bonus depreciation ( discussed below ) . higher net income in 2013 increased cash provided by operating activities compared to 2012 . in addition , we made payments in 2012 for past wages as a result of national labor negotiations , which reduced cash provided by operating activities in 2012 . lower tax benefits from bonus depreciation ( as discussed below ) partially offset the increases . federal tax law provided for 100% ( 100 % ) bonus depreciation for qualified investments made during 2011 and 50% ( 50 % ) bonus depreciation for qualified investments made during 2012-2013 . as a result , the company deferred a substantial portion of its 2011-2013 income tax expense , contributing to the positive operating cash flow in those years . congress extended 50% ( 50 % ) bonus depreciation for 2014 , but this extension occurred in december and did not have a significant benefit on our income tax payments during 2014 . investing activities higher capital investments , including the early buyout of the long-term operating lease of our headquarters building for approximately $ 261 million , drove the increase in cash used in investing activities compared to 2013 . significant investments also were made for new locomotives , freight cars and containers , and capacity and commercial facility projects . capital investments in 2014 also included $ 99 million for the early buyout of locomotives and freight cars under long-term operating leases , which we exercised due to favorable economic terms and market conditions . lower capital investments in locomotives and freight cars in 2013 drove the decrease in cash used in investing activities compared to 2012 . included in capital investments in 2012 was $ 75 million for the early buyout of 165 locomotives under long-term operating and capital leases during the first quarter of 2012 , which we exercised due to favorable economic terms and market conditions. .
Conversations:
q0: what was the value included in the capital investments for buyout of locomotives in 2012, in dollars? {answer0}
Question: and how many locomotives were bought with that value?
Answer:

Answer: 165.0


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: we have adequate access to capital markets to meet any foreseeable cash requirements , and we have sufficient financial capacity to satisfy our current liabilities . cash flows millions 2014 2013 2012 .

1	cash flowsmillions	2014	2013	2012

2	cash provided by operating activities	$ 7385	$ 6823	$ 6161

3	cash used in investing activities	-4249 ( 4249 )	-3405 ( 3405 )	-3633 ( 3633 )

4	cash used in financing activities	-2982 ( 2982 )	-3049 ( 3049 )	-2682 ( 2682 )

5	net change in cash and cashequivalents	$ 154	$ 369	$ -154 ( 154 )

 operating activities higher net income in 2014 increased cash provided by operating activities compared to 2013 , despite higher income tax payments . 2014 income tax payments were higher than 2013 primarily due to higher income , but also because we paid taxes previously deferred by bonus depreciation ( discussed below ) . higher net income in 2013 increased cash provided by operating activities compared to 2012 . in addition , we made payments in 2012 for past wages as a result of national labor negotiations , which reduced cash provided by operating activities in 2012 . lower tax benefits from bonus depreciation ( as discussed below ) partially offset the increases . federal tax law provided for 100% ( 100 % ) bonus depreciation for qualified investments made during 2011 and 50% ( 50 % ) bonus depreciation for qualified investments made during 2012-2013 . as a result , the company deferred a substantial portion of its 2011-2013 income tax expense , contributing to the positive operating cash flow in those years . congress extended 50% ( 50 % ) bonus depreciation for 2014 , but this extension occurred in december and did not have a significant benefit on our income tax payments during 2014 . investing activities higher capital investments , including the early buyout of the long-term operating lease of our headquarters building for approximately $ 261 million , drove the increase in cash used in investing activities compared to 2013 . significant investments also were made for new locomotives , freight cars and containers , and capacity and commercial facility projects . capital investments in 2014 also included $ 99 million for the early buyout of locomotives and freight cars under long-term operating leases , which we exercised due to favorable economic terms and market conditions . lower capital investments in locomotives and freight cars in 2013 drove the decrease in cash used in investing activities compared to 2012 . included in capital investments in 2012 was $ 75 million for the early buyout of 165 locomotives under long-term operating and capital leases during the first quarter of 2012 , which we exercised due to favorable economic terms and market conditions. .
Conversations:
q0: what was the value included in the capital investments for buyout of locomotives in 2012, in dollars? {answer0}
q1: and how many locomotives were bought with that value? {answer1}
Question: what was, then, the average cost of each one of those locomotives?
Answer:

Answer: 454545.45455


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: republic services , inc . notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued ) employee stock purchase plan republic employees are eligible to participate in an employee stock purchase plan . the plan allows participants to purchase our common stock for 95% ( 95 % ) of its quoted market price on the last day of each calendar quarter . for the years ended december 31 , 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , issuances under this plan totaled 113941 shares , 130085 shares and 141055 shares , respectively . as of december 31 , 2017 , shares reserved for issuance to employees under this plan totaled 0.4 million and republic held employee contributions of approximately $ 1.8 million for the purchase of common stock . 12 . stock repurchases and dividends stock repurchases stock repurchase activity during the years ended december 31 , 2017 and 2016 follows ( in millions except per share amounts ) : .

1		2017	2016

2	number of shares repurchased	9.6	8.4

3	amount paid	$ 610.7	$ 403.8

4	weighted average cost per share	$ 63.84	$ 48.56

 as of december 31 , 2017 , there were 0.5 million repurchased shares pending settlement and $ 33.8 million was unpaid and included within other accrued liabilities . in october 2017 , our board of directors added $ 2.0 billion to the existing share repurchase authorization that now extends through december 31 , 2020 . before this , $ 98.4 million remained under a prior authorization . share repurchases under the program may be made through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions in accordance with applicable federal securities laws . while the board of directors has approved the program , the timing of any purchases , the prices and the number of shares of common stock to be purchased will be determined by our management , at its discretion , and will depend upon market conditions and other factors . the share repurchase program may be extended , suspended or discontinued at any time . as of december 31 , 2017 , the remaining authorized purchase capacity under our october 2017 repurchase program was $ 1.8 billion . in december 2015 , our board of directors changed the status of 71272964 treasury shares to authorized and unissued . in doing so , the number of our issued shares was reduced by the stated amount . our accounting policy is to deduct the par value from common stock and to reflect the excess of cost over par value as a deduction from additional paid-in capital . the change in unissued shares resulted in a reduction of $ 2295.3 million in treasury stock , $ 0.6 million in common stock , and $ 2294.7 million in additional paid-in capital . there was no effect on our total stockholders 2019 equity position as a result of the change . dividends in october 2017 , our board of directors approved a quarterly dividend of $ 0.345 per share . cash dividends declared were $ 446.3 million , $ 423.8 million and $ 404.3 million for the years ended december 31 , 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively . as of december 31 , 2017 , we recorded a quarterly dividend payable of $ 114.4 million to shareholders of record at the close of business on january 2 , 2018 . 13 . earnings per share basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to republic services , inc . by the weighted average number of common shares ( including vested but unissued rsus ) outstanding during the .
Conversations:
Question: what was the change in the number of shares of the issuance under the employee stock purchase plan from 2016 to 2017?
Answer:

Answer: -16144.0


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: republic services , inc . notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued ) employee stock purchase plan republic employees are eligible to participate in an employee stock purchase plan . the plan allows participants to purchase our common stock for 95% ( 95 % ) of its quoted market price on the last day of each calendar quarter . for the years ended december 31 , 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , issuances under this plan totaled 113941 shares , 130085 shares and 141055 shares , respectively . as of december 31 , 2017 , shares reserved for issuance to employees under this plan totaled 0.4 million and republic held employee contributions of approximately $ 1.8 million for the purchase of common stock . 12 . stock repurchases and dividends stock repurchases stock repurchase activity during the years ended december 31 , 2017 and 2016 follows ( in millions except per share amounts ) : .

1		2017	2016

2	number of shares repurchased	9.6	8.4

3	amount paid	$ 610.7	$ 403.8

4	weighted average cost per share	$ 63.84	$ 48.56

 as of december 31 , 2017 , there were 0.5 million repurchased shares pending settlement and $ 33.8 million was unpaid and included within other accrued liabilities . in october 2017 , our board of directors added $ 2.0 billion to the existing share repurchase authorization that now extends through december 31 , 2020 . before this , $ 98.4 million remained under a prior authorization . share repurchases under the program may be made through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions in accordance with applicable federal securities laws . while the board of directors has approved the program , the timing of any purchases , the prices and the number of shares of common stock to be purchased will be determined by our management , at its discretion , and will depend upon market conditions and other factors . the share repurchase program may be extended , suspended or discontinued at any time . as of december 31 , 2017 , the remaining authorized purchase capacity under our october 2017 repurchase program was $ 1.8 billion . in december 2015 , our board of directors changed the status of 71272964 treasury shares to authorized and unissued . in doing so , the number of our issued shares was reduced by the stated amount . our accounting policy is to deduct the par value from common stock and to reflect the excess of cost over par value as a deduction from additional paid-in capital . the change in unissued shares resulted in a reduction of $ 2295.3 million in treasury stock , $ 0.6 million in common stock , and $ 2294.7 million in additional paid-in capital . there was no effect on our total stockholders 2019 equity position as a result of the change . dividends in october 2017 , our board of directors approved a quarterly dividend of $ 0.345 per share . cash dividends declared were $ 446.3 million , $ 423.8 million and $ 404.3 million for the years ended december 31 , 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively . as of december 31 , 2017 , we recorded a quarterly dividend payable of $ 114.4 million to shareholders of record at the close of business on january 2 , 2018 . 13 . earnings per share basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to republic services , inc . by the weighted average number of common shares ( including vested but unissued rsus ) outstanding during the .
Conversations:
q0: what was the change in the number of shares of the issuance under the employee stock purchase plan from 2016 to 2017? {answer0}
Question: and how much does this change represent in relation to that number in 2016, in percentage?
Answer:

Answer: -0.1241


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: included in the corporate and consumer loan tables above are purchased distressed loans , which are loans that have evidenced significant credit deterioration subsequent to origination but prior to acquisition by citigroup . in accordance with sop 03-3 , the difference between the total expected cash flows for these loans and the initial recorded investments is recognized in income over the life of the loans using a level yield . accordingly , these loans have been excluded from the impaired loan information presented above . in addition , per sop 03-3 , subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows for a purchased distressed loan require a build of an allowance so the loan retains its level yield . however , increases in the expected cash flows are first recognized as a reduction of any previously established allowance and then recognized as income prospectively over the remaining life of the loan by increasing the loan 2019s level yield . where the expected cash flows cannot be reliably estimated , the purchased distressed loan is accounted for under the cost recovery method . the carrying amount of the company 2019s purchased distressed loan portfolio at december 31 , 2010 was $ 392 million , net of an allowance of $ 77 million as of december 31 , 2010 . the changes in the accretable yield , related allowance and carrying amount net of accretable yield for 2010 are as follows : in millions of dollars accretable carrying amount of loan receivable allowance .

1	in millions of dollars	accretable yield	carrying amount of loan receivable	allowance

2	beginning balance	$ 27	$ 920	$ 95

3	purchases ( 1 )	1	130	2014

4	disposals/payments received	-11 ( 11 )	-594 ( 594 )	2014

5	accretion	-44 ( 44 )	44	2014

6	builds ( reductions ) to the allowance	128	2014	-18 ( 18 )

7	increase to expected cash flows	-2 ( 2 )	19	2014

8	fx/other	17	-50 ( 50 )	2014

9	balance at december 31 2010 ( 2 )	$ 116	$ 469	$ 77

 ( 1 ) the balance reported in the column 201ccarrying amount of loan receivable 201d consists of $ 130 million of purchased loans accounted for under the level-yield method and $ 0 under the cost-recovery method . these balances represent the fair value of these loans at their acquisition date . the related total expected cash flows for the level-yield loans were $ 131 million at their acquisition dates . ( 2 ) the balance reported in the column 201ccarrying amount of loan receivable 201d consists of $ 315 million of loans accounted for under the level-yield method and $ 154 million accounted for under the cost-recovery method. .
Conversations:
Question: in the year of 2010, what percentage did the net allowance represent in relation to the carrying amount of the company 2019s purchased distressed loan portfolio?
Answer:

Answer: 0.19643


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: included in the corporate and consumer loan tables above are purchased distressed loans , which are loans that have evidenced significant credit deterioration subsequent to origination but prior to acquisition by citigroup . in accordance with sop 03-3 , the difference between the total expected cash flows for these loans and the initial recorded investments is recognized in income over the life of the loans using a level yield . accordingly , these loans have been excluded from the impaired loan information presented above . in addition , per sop 03-3 , subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows for a purchased distressed loan require a build of an allowance so the loan retains its level yield . however , increases in the expected cash flows are first recognized as a reduction of any previously established allowance and then recognized as income prospectively over the remaining life of the loan by increasing the loan 2019s level yield . where the expected cash flows cannot be reliably estimated , the purchased distressed loan is accounted for under the cost recovery method . the carrying amount of the company 2019s purchased distressed loan portfolio at december 31 , 2010 was $ 392 million , net of an allowance of $ 77 million as of december 31 , 2010 . the changes in the accretable yield , related allowance and carrying amount net of accretable yield for 2010 are as follows : in millions of dollars accretable carrying amount of loan receivable allowance .

1	in millions of dollars	accretable yield	carrying amount of loan receivable	allowance

2	beginning balance	$ 27	$ 920	$ 95

3	purchases ( 1 )	1	130	2014

4	disposals/payments received	-11 ( 11 )	-594 ( 594 )	2014

5	accretion	-44 ( 44 )	44	2014

6	builds ( reductions ) to the allowance	128	2014	-18 ( 18 )

7	increase to expected cash flows	-2 ( 2 )	19	2014

8	fx/other	17	-50 ( 50 )	2014

9	balance at december 31 2010 ( 2 )	$ 116	$ 469	$ 77

 ( 1 ) the balance reported in the column 201ccarrying amount of loan receivable 201d consists of $ 130 million of purchased loans accounted for under the level-yield method and $ 0 under the cost-recovery method . these balances represent the fair value of these loans at their acquisition date . the related total expected cash flows for the level-yield loans were $ 131 million at their acquisition dates . ( 2 ) the balance reported in the column 201ccarrying amount of loan receivable 201d consists of $ 315 million of loans accounted for under the level-yield method and $ 154 million accounted for under the cost-recovery method. .
Conversations:
q0: in the year of 2010, what percentage did the net allowance represent in relation to the carrying amount of the company 2019s purchased distressed loan portfolio? {answer0}
Question: and what was the combined total of this net allowance and the carrying amount?
Answer:

Answer: 469.0


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: included in the corporate and consumer loan tables above are purchased distressed loans , which are loans that have evidenced significant credit deterioration subsequent to origination but prior to acquisition by citigroup . in accordance with sop 03-3 , the difference between the total expected cash flows for these loans and the initial recorded investments is recognized in income over the life of the loans using a level yield . accordingly , these loans have been excluded from the impaired loan information presented above . in addition , per sop 03-3 , subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows for a purchased distressed loan require a build of an allowance so the loan retains its level yield . however , increases in the expected cash flows are first recognized as a reduction of any previously established allowance and then recognized as income prospectively over the remaining life of the loan by increasing the loan 2019s level yield . where the expected cash flows cannot be reliably estimated , the purchased distressed loan is accounted for under the cost recovery method . the carrying amount of the company 2019s purchased distressed loan portfolio at december 31 , 2010 was $ 392 million , net of an allowance of $ 77 million as of december 31 , 2010 . the changes in the accretable yield , related allowance and carrying amount net of accretable yield for 2010 are as follows : in millions of dollars accretable carrying amount of loan receivable allowance .

1	in millions of dollars	accretable yield	carrying amount of loan receivable	allowance

2	beginning balance	$ 27	$ 920	$ 95

3	purchases ( 1 )	1	130	2014

4	disposals/payments received	-11 ( 11 )	-594 ( 594 )	2014

5	accretion	-44 ( 44 )	44	2014

6	builds ( reductions ) to the allowance	128	2014	-18 ( 18 )

7	increase to expected cash flows	-2 ( 2 )	19	2014

8	fx/other	17	-50 ( 50 )	2014

9	balance at december 31 2010 ( 2 )	$ 116	$ 469	$ 77

 ( 1 ) the balance reported in the column 201ccarrying amount of loan receivable 201d consists of $ 130 million of purchased loans accounted for under the level-yield method and $ 0 under the cost-recovery method . these balances represent the fair value of these loans at their acquisition date . the related total expected cash flows for the level-yield loans were $ 131 million at their acquisition dates . ( 2 ) the balance reported in the column 201ccarrying amount of loan receivable 201d consists of $ 315 million of loans accounted for under the level-yield method and $ 154 million accounted for under the cost-recovery method. .
Conversations:
q0: in the year of 2010, what percentage did the net allowance represent in relation to the carrying amount of the company 2019s purchased distressed loan portfolio? {answer0}
q1: and what was the combined total of this net allowance and the carrying amount? {answer1}
Question: what percentage did this total represent in relation to the carrying amount?
Answer:

Answer: 0.16418


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: page 19 of 94 responded to the request for information pursuant to section 104 ( e ) of cercla . the usepa has initially estimated cleanup costs to be between $ 4 million and $ 5 million . based on the information available to the company at the present time , the company does not believe that this matter will have a material adverse effect upon the liquidity , results of operations or financial condition of the company . europe in january 2003 the german government passed legislation that imposed a mandatory deposit of 25 eurocents on all one-way packages containing beverages except milk , wine , fruit juices and certain alcoholic beverages . ball packaging europe gmbh ( bpe ) , together with certain other plaintiffs , contested the enactment of the mandatory deposit for non-returnable containers based on the german packaging regulation ( verpackungsverordnung ) in federal and state administrative court . all other proceedings have been terminated except for the determination of minimal court fees that are still outstanding in some cases , together with minimal ancillary legal fees . the relevant industries , including bpe and its competitors , have successfully set up a germany-wide return system for one-way beverage containers , which has been operational since may 1 , 2006 , the date required under the deposit legislation . item 4 . submission of matters to a vote of security holders there were no matters submitted to the security holders during the fourth quarter of 2007 . part ii item 5 . market for the registrant 2019s common stock and related stockholder matters ball corporation common stock ( bll ) is traded on the new york stock exchange and the chicago stock exchange . there were 5424 common shareholders of record on february 3 , 2008 . common stock repurchases the following table summarizes the company 2019s repurchases of its common stock during the quarter ended december 31 , 2007 . purchases of securities total number of shares purchased ( a ) average price paid per share total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs ( b ) .

1		total number of shares purchased ( a )	average pricepaid per share	total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs	maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs ( b )

2	october 1 to october 28 2007	705292	$ 53.53	705292	4904824

3	october 29 to november 25 2007	431170	$ 48.11	431170	4473654

4	november 26 to december 31 2007	8310 ( c )	$ 44.99	8310	4465344

5	total	1144772	$ 51.42	1144772

 ( a ) includes open market purchases and/or shares retained by the company to settle employee withholding tax liabilities . ( b ) the company has an ongoing repurchase program for which shares are authorized for repurchase from time to time by ball 2019s board of directors . on january 23 , 2008 , ball's board of directors authorized the repurchase by the company of up to a total of 12 million shares of its common stock . this repurchase authorization replaces all previous authorizations . ( c ) does not include 675000 shares under a forward share repurchase agreement entered into in december 2007 and settled on january 7 , 2008 , for approximately $ 31 million . also does not include shares to be acquired in 2008 under an accelerated share repurchase program entered into in december 2007 and funded on january 7 , 2008. .
Conversations:
Question: what was the total value spent on the repurchase of shares during october 2007?
Answer:

Answer: 37754280.76


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: page 19 of 94 responded to the request for information pursuant to section 104 ( e ) of cercla . the usepa has initially estimated cleanup costs to be between $ 4 million and $ 5 million . based on the information available to the company at the present time , the company does not believe that this matter will have a material adverse effect upon the liquidity , results of operations or financial condition of the company . europe in january 2003 the german government passed legislation that imposed a mandatory deposit of 25 eurocents on all one-way packages containing beverages except milk , wine , fruit juices and certain alcoholic beverages . ball packaging europe gmbh ( bpe ) , together with certain other plaintiffs , contested the enactment of the mandatory deposit for non-returnable containers based on the german packaging regulation ( verpackungsverordnung ) in federal and state administrative court . all other proceedings have been terminated except for the determination of minimal court fees that are still outstanding in some cases , together with minimal ancillary legal fees . the relevant industries , including bpe and its competitors , have successfully set up a germany-wide return system for one-way beverage containers , which has been operational since may 1 , 2006 , the date required under the deposit legislation . item 4 . submission of matters to a vote of security holders there were no matters submitted to the security holders during the fourth quarter of 2007 . part ii item 5 . market for the registrant 2019s common stock and related stockholder matters ball corporation common stock ( bll ) is traded on the new york stock exchange and the chicago stock exchange . there were 5424 common shareholders of record on february 3 , 2008 . common stock repurchases the following table summarizes the company 2019s repurchases of its common stock during the quarter ended december 31 , 2007 . purchases of securities total number of shares purchased ( a ) average price paid per share total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs ( b ) .

1		total number of shares purchased ( a )	average pricepaid per share	total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs	maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs ( b )

2	october 1 to october 28 2007	705292	$ 53.53	705292	4904824

3	october 29 to november 25 2007	431170	$ 48.11	431170	4473654

4	november 26 to december 31 2007	8310 ( c )	$ 44.99	8310	4465344

5	total	1144772	$ 51.42	1144772

 ( a ) includes open market purchases and/or shares retained by the company to settle employee withholding tax liabilities . ( b ) the company has an ongoing repurchase program for which shares are authorized for repurchase from time to time by ball 2019s board of directors . on january 23 , 2008 , ball's board of directors authorized the repurchase by the company of up to a total of 12 million shares of its common stock . this repurchase authorization replaces all previous authorizations . ( c ) does not include 675000 shares under a forward share repurchase agreement entered into in december 2007 and settled on january 7 , 2008 , for approximately $ 31 million . also does not include shares to be acquired in 2008 under an accelerated share repurchase program entered into in december 2007 and funded on january 7 , 2008. .
Conversations:
q0: what was the total value spent on the repurchase of shares during october 2007? {answer0}
Question: and how much is that in millions?
Answer:

Answer: 37.75428


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: in our primary disbursement accounts which were reclassified as accounts payable and other accrued liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet . concentration of credit risk financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents , trade accounts receivable and derivative instruments . we place our cash and cash equivalents with high quality financial institutions . such balances may be in excess of fdic insured limits . in order to manage the related credit exposure , we continually monitor the credit worthiness of the financial institutions where we have deposits . concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable are limited due to the wide variety of customers and markets in which we provide services , as well as the dispersion of our operations across many geographic areas . we provide services to commercial , industrial , municipal and residential customers in the united states and puerto rico . we perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers , but do not require collateral to support customer receivables . we establish an allowance for doubtful accounts based on various factors including the credit risk of specific customers , age of receivables outstanding , historical trends , economic conditions and other information . no customer exceeded 5% ( 5 % ) of our outstanding accounts receivable balance at december 31 , 2009 or 2008 . accounts receivable , net of allowance for doubtful accounts accounts receivable represent receivables from customers for collection , transfer , recycling , disposal and other services . our receivables are recorded when billed or when the related revenue is earned , if earlier , and represent claims against third parties that will be settled in cash . the carrying value of our receivables , net of the allowance for doubtful accounts , represents their estimated net realizable value . provisions for doubtful accounts are evaluated on a monthly basis and are recorded based on our historical collection experience , the age of the receivables , specific customer information and economic conditions . we also review outstanding balances on an account-specific basis . in general , reserves are provided for accounts receivable in excess of ninety days old . past due receivable balances are written-off when our collection efforts have been unsuccess- ful in collecting amounts due . the following table reflects the activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended december 31 , 2009 , 2008 and 2007: .

1		2009	2008	2007

2	balance at beginning of year	$ 65.7	$ 14.7	$ 18.8

3	additions charged to expense	27.3	36.5	3.9

4	accounts written-off	-37.8 ( 37.8 )	-12.7 ( 12.7 )	-7.8 ( 7.8 )

5	acquisitions	-	27.2	-0.2 ( 0.2 )

6	balance at end of year	$ 55.2	$ 65.7	$ 14.7

 subsequent to our acquisition of allied , we recorded a provision for doubtful accounts of $ 14.2 million to adjust the allowance acquired from allied to conform to republic 2019s accounting policies . we also recorded $ 5.4 million to provide for specific bankruptcy exposures in 2008 . in 2007 , we recorded a $ 4.3 million reduction in our allowance for doubtful accounts as a result of refining our estimate of the allowance based on our historical collection experience . restricted cash as of december 31 , 2009 , we had $ 236.6 million of restricted cash , of which $ 93.1 million was proceeds from the issuance of tax-exempt bonds and other tax-exempt financings and will be used to fund capital republic services , inc . and subsidiaries notes to consolidated financial statements , continued .
Conversations:
Question: during 2009, what was the total of additions charged to expense?
Answer:

Answer: 27.3


Question:
In the context of this series of interconnected finance-related queries and the additional information provided by the pretext, table data, and posttext from a company's financial filings, please provide a response to the final question. This may require extracting information from the context and performing mathematical calculations. Please take into account the information provided in the preceding questions and their answers when formulating your response:
Context: in our primary disbursement accounts which were reclassified as accounts payable and other accrued liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet . concentration of credit risk financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents , trade accounts receivable and derivative instruments . we place our cash and cash equivalents with high quality financial institutions . such balances may be in excess of fdic insured limits . in order to manage the related credit exposure , we continually monitor the credit worthiness of the financial institutions where we have deposits . concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable are limited due to the wide variety of customers and markets in which we provide services , as well as the dispersion of our operations across many geographic areas . we provide services to commercial , industrial , municipal and residential customers in the united states and puerto rico . we perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers , but do not require collateral to support customer receivables . we establish an allowance for doubtful accounts based on various factors including the credit risk of specific customers , age of receivables outstanding , historical trends , economic conditions and other information . no customer exceeded 5% ( 5 % ) of our outstanding accounts receivable balance at december 31 , 2009 or 2008 . accounts receivable , net of allowance for doubtful accounts accounts receivable represent receivables from customers for collection , transfer , recycling , disposal and other services . our receivables are recorded when billed or when the related revenue is earned , if earlier , and represent claims against third parties that will be settled in cash . the carrying value of our receivables , net of the allowance for doubtful accounts , represents their estimated net realizable value . provisions for doubtful accounts are evaluated on a monthly basis and are recorded based on our historical collection experience , the age of the receivables , specific customer information and economic conditions . we also review outstanding balances on an account-specific basis . in general , reserves are provided for accounts receivable in excess of ninety days old . past due receivable balances are written-off when our collection efforts have been unsuccess- ful in collecting amounts due . the following table reflects the activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended december 31 , 2009 , 2008 and 2007: .

1		2009	2008	2007

2	balance at beginning of year	$ 65.7	$ 14.7	$ 18.8

3	additions charged to expense	27.3	36.5	3.9

4	accounts written-off	-37.8 ( 37.8 )	-12.7 ( 12.7 )	-7.8 ( 7.8 )

5	acquisitions	-	27.2	-0.2 ( 0.2 )

6	balance at end of year	$ 55.2	$ 65.7	$ 14.7

 subsequent to our acquisition of allied , we recorded a provision for doubtful accounts of $ 14.2 million to adjust the allowance acquired from allied to conform to republic 2019s accounting policies . we also recorded $ 5.4 million to provide for specific bankruptcy exposures in 2008 . in 2007 , we recorded a $ 4.3 million reduction in our allowance for doubtful accounts as a result of refining our estimate of the allowance based on our historical collection experience . restricted cash as of december 31 , 2009 , we had $ 236.6 million of restricted cash , of which $ 93.1 million was proceeds from the issuance of tax-exempt bonds and other tax-exempt financings and will be used to fund capital republic services , inc . and subsidiaries notes to consolidated financial statements , continued .
Conversations:
q0: during 2009, what was the total of additions charged to expense? {answer0}
Question: and what was the total of accounts written-off?
Answer:

Answer: -37.8