{"query": "When was the institute that owned The Collegian founded?", "answer": "1960", "gold_docs": ["The Collegian (Houston Baptist University). The Collegian is the bi-weekly official student publication of Houston Baptist University in Houston, Texas. It was founded in 1963 as a newsletter, and adopted the newspaper format in 1990.", "Houston. Several private institutions of higher learning\u2014ranging from liberal arts colleges, such as The University of St. Thomas, Houston's only Catholic university, to Rice University, the nationally recognized research university\u2014are located within the city. Rice, with a total enrollment of slightly more than 6,000 students, has a number of distinguished graduate programs and research institutes, such as the James A. Baker Institute for Public Policy. Houston Baptist University, affiliated with the Baptist General Convention of Texas, offers bachelor's and graduate degrees. It was founded in 1960 and is located in the Sharpstown area in Southwest Houston."]}
{"query": "What year saw the creation of the region where the county of Hertfordshire is located?", "answer": "1994", "gold_docs": ["Hertfordshire. Hertfordshire is the county immediately north of London and is part of the East of England region, a mainly statistical unit. A significant minority of the population across all districts are City of London commuters. To the east is Essex, to the west is Buckinghamshire and to the north are Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire.", "East of England. The East of England is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes. It was created in 1994 and was adopted for statistics from 1999. It includes the ceremonial counties of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk. Essex has the highest population in the region."]}
{"query": "When was the abolishment of the studio that distributed The Game?", "answer": "1999", "gold_docs": ["PolyGram Filmed Entertainment. PolyGram Filmed Entertainment (formerly known as PolyGram Films and PolyGram Pictures or simply PFE) was a British-American film studio founded in 1980 which became a European competitor to Hollywood, but was eventually sold to Seagram Company Ltd. in 1998 and was folded in 1999. Among its most successful and well known films were \"An American Werewolf in London\" (1981), \"Flashdance\" (1983), \"Four Weddings and a Funeral\" (1994), \"Dead Man Walking\" (1995), \"The Big Lebowski\" (1998), \"Fargo\" (1996), \"The Usual Suspects\" (1995), and \"Notting Hill\" (1999).", "The Game (1997 film). The Game is a 1997 American mystery thriller film directed by David Fincher, starring Michael Douglas and Sean Penn, and produced by Propaganda Films and PolyGram Filmed Entertainment. It tells the story of a wealthy investment banker who is given a mysterious gift: participation in a game that integrates in strange ways with his everyday life. As the lines between the banker's real life and the game become more uncertain, hints of a large conspiracy become apparent."]}
{"query": "When was the publisher of Crux launched?", "answer": "1998", "gold_docs": ["CrossGen. Cross Generation Entertainment, or CrossGen, was an American comic book publisher and entertainment company that operated from 1998 to 2004. The company's assets were acquired by The Walt Disney Company in 2004, and designated to Disney Publishing Worldwide. In July 2010, Disney re-established the brand through Marvel Comics, who announced plans to revive CrossGen titles.", "Crux (comics). Crux is an American comic book published by CrossGen Entertainment from May 2001 to February 2004. It was cancelled due to bankruptcy in 2004. Crux was one of the later titles that came first in a sort of second wave of Crossgen titles which included Sojourn and Brath. It detailed the exploits of six Atlanteans who were put into stasis and are awoken 100.000 years later."]}
{"query": "Jan \u0160indel's was born in what country?", "answer": "Czech Republic", "gold_docs": ["Jan \u0160indel. Jan \u0160indel was born in the Bohemian town Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 probably in the 1370s. As a young man he came to Prague to study at Charles University. In 1395 or 1399 he became the Master of Arts at Prague University. In 1406 he worked at the parish school of the St. Nicolas Church in the Lesser Town of Prague. Later he worked as a teacher of mathematics in Vienna, where he also studied medicine. Then he came back to Prague and became the professor of astronomy at Charles University, where he became Doctor of Medicine and rector of the university in 1410.", "Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9. Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 (; ) is a city of the Czech Republic, in the Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Region of Bohemia. The city's economy is based on food-processing technology, photochemical, EMS and IT. Traditional industries include musical instrument manufacturing \u2013 the best known being Petrof pianos. The University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 is located in the city, the University of Defense has its only medical faculty in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 and Charles University in Prague also has its Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 and Faculty of Pharmacy there."]}
{"query": "What city is the person who broadened the doctrine of philosophy of language from?", "answer": "Copenhagen", "gold_docs": ["S\u00f8ren Kierkegaard. Kierkegaard was born to an affluent family in Copenhagen. His mother, Ane S\u00f8rensdatter Lund Kierkegaard, had served as a maid in the household before marrying his father, Michael Pedersen Kierkegaard. She was an unassuming figure: quiet, plain, and not formally educated, but Henriette Lund, her granddaughter, wrote that she \"wielded the sceptre with joy and protected [S\u00f8ren and Peter] like a hen protecting her chicks\". She also wielded influence on her children so that later Peter said that his brother preserved many of their mother's words in his writings. His father, on the other hand, was a well-to-do wool merchant from Jutland. He was a \"very stern man, to all appearances dry and prosaic, but under his 'rustic cloak' demeanor he concealed an active imagination which not even his great age could blunt\". He was also interested in philosophy and often hosted intellectuals at his home. The young Kierkegaard read the philosophy of Christian Wolff. He also preferred the comedies of Ludvig Holberg, the writings of Georg Johann Hamann, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Edward Young, and Plato, especially those referring to Socrates.", "Philosophy of language. In the early 19th century, the Danish philosopher S\u00f8ren Kierkegaard insisted that language ought to play a larger role in Western philosophy. He argues that philosophy has not sufficiently focused on the role language plays in cognition and that future philosophy ought to proceed with a conscious focus on language:"]}
{"query": "When was the baseball team winning the world series in 2015 baseball created?", "answer": "1969", "gold_docs": ["Kansas City Royals. The Kansas City Royals are an American professional baseball team based in Kansas City, Missouri. The Royals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member team of the American League (AL) Central division. The team was founded as an expansion franchise in 1969, and has participated in four World Series, winning in 1985 and 2015, and losing in 1980 and 2014.", "2015 World Series. The 2015 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2015 season. The 111th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion New York Mets and the American League (AL) champion Kansas City Royals. The series was played between October 27 and November 1, with the Royals winning the series 4 games to 1. It was the first time since the 2010 World Series that the World Series extended into November. The Royals became the first team since the Oakland Athletics in the 1989 World Series to win the World Series after losing in the previous year. It was the first World Series to feature only expansion teams and the first since the 2007 World Series to not feature the Philadelphia Phillies, St. Louis Cardinals, or San Francisco Giants as the NL champions."]}
{"query": "Where did the Baldevins bryllup director die?", "answer": "Copenhagen", "gold_docs": ["Baldevins bryllup. Baldevins bryllup () is a 1926 Norwegian comedy film directed by George Schn\u00e9evoigt, starring Einar Sissener and Victor Bernau. The film is based on a play by Vilhelm Krag, and tells the story of how Simen S\u00f8rensen (Bernau) manages to get his friend Baldevin Jonassen (Sissener) married to the lady next door. The film was renovated in 2006, for the 100-years anniversary of Kristiansand Cinema.", "George Schn\u00e9evoigt. Schn\u00e9evoigt was born in Copenhagen, Denmark to actress Siri Schn\u00e9evoigt, and he is the father of actor and director Alf Schn\u00e9evoigt."]}
{"query": "Who was thee first president of the association that wrote the code of ethics for psychology?", "answer": "G. Stanley Hall", "gold_docs": ["Adolescence. The formal study of adolescent psychology began with the publication of G. Stanley Hall's \"Adolescence in 1904.\" Hall, who was the first president of the American Psychological Association, viewed adolescence primarily as a time of internal turmoil and upheaval (sturm und drang). This understanding of youth was based on two then new ways of understanding human behavior: Darwin's evolutionary theory and Freud's psychodynamic theory. He believed that adolescence was a representation of our human ancestors' phylogenetic shift from being primitive to being civilized. Hall's assertions stood relatively uncontested until the 1950s when psychologists such as Erik Erikson and Anna Freud started to formulate their theories about adolescence. Freud believed that the psychological disturbances associated with youth were biologically based and culturally universal while Erikson focused on the dichotomy between identity formation and role fulfillment. Even with their different theories, these three psychologists agreed that adolescence was inherently a time of disturbance and psychological confusion. The less turbulent aspects of adolescence, such as peer relations and cultural influence, were left largely ignored until the 1980s. From the '50s until the '80s, the focus of the field was mainly on describing patterns of behavior as opposed to explaining them.", "APA Ethics Code. The American Psychological Association (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (for short, the Ethics Code, as referred to by the APA) includes an introduction, preamble, a list of five aspirational principles and a list of ten enforceable standards that psychologists use to guide ethical decisions in practice, research, and education. The principles and standards are written, revised, and enforced by the APA. The code of conduct is applicable to psychologists in a variety of areas across a variety of contexts. In the event of a violation of the code of conduct, the APA may take action ranging from termination of the APA membership to the loss of licensure, depending on the violation. Other professional organizations and licensing boards may adopt and enforce the code."]}
{"query": "Which major Russian city borders the body of water in which Saaremaa is located?", "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "gold_docs": ["Baltic Sea. Since May 2004, with the accession of the Baltic states and Poland, the Baltic Sea has been almost entirely surrounded by countries of the European Union (EU). The only remaining non-EU shore areas are Russian: the Saint Petersburg area and the exclave of the Kaliningrad Oblast.", "Estonia. The Oeselians or Osilians (Estonian saarlased; singular: saarlane) were a historical subdivision of Estonians inhabiting Saaremaa (Danish: \u00d8sel; German: \u00d6sel; Swedish: \u00d6sel), an Estonian island in the Baltic Sea. They were first mentioned as early as the second century BC in Ptolemy's Geography III. The Oeselians were known in the Old Norse Icelandic Sagas and in Heimskringla as V\u00edkingr fr\u00e1 Esthland (Estonian Vikings). Their sailing vessels were called pirate ships by Henry of Latvia in his Latin chronicles written at the beginning of the 13th century."]}
{"query": "When was the employer of John J. Collins established?", "answer": "1822", "gold_docs": ["Yale University. Yale expanded gradually, establishing the Yale School of Medicine (1810), Yale Divinity School (1822), Yale Law School (1843), Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the Sheffield Scientific School (1847), and the Yale School of Fine Arts (1869). In 1887, as the college continued to grow under the presidency of Timothy Dwight V, Yale College was renamed Yale University. The university would later add the Yale School of Music (1894), the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (founded by Gifford Pinchot in 1900), the Yale School of Public Health (1915), the Yale School of Nursing (1923), the Yale School of Drama (1955), the Yale Physician Associate Program (1973), and the Yale School of Management (1976). It would also reorganize its relationship with the Sheffield Scientific School.", "John J. Collins. John J. Collins (born 1946) is the Holmes Professor of Old Testament Criticism & Interpretation at Yale Divinity School. He is noted for his research in the Hebrew Bible, as well as the apocryphal works of the Second Temple period including the sectarian works found in Dead Sea Scrolls and their relation to Christian origins. Collins has published and edited over 300 scholarly works, and a number of popular level articles and books. Among his best known works are the \"Between Athens and Jerusalem: Jewish Identity in the Hellenistic Diaspora\" (New York: Crossroad, 1983); \"Daniel\" in the Hermeneia commentary series (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1993); \"The Scepter and the Star. The Messiahs of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Ancient Literature\" (New York: Doubleday, 1995); and \"The Bible after Babel: Historical Criticism in a Postmodern Age\" (Grand Rapids, Eerdmans, 2005)."]}
{"query": "When did Bush declare the war causing Kerry to criticize him during the 2004 campaign?", "answer": "2003", "gold_docs": ["John Kerry. During his bid to be elected president in 2004, Kerry frequently criticized President George W. Bush for the Iraq War. While Kerry had initially voted in support of authorizing President Bush to use force in dealing with Saddam Hussein, he voted against an $87 billion supplemental appropriations bill to pay for the subsequent war. His statement on March 16, 2004, \"I actually did vote for the $87 billion before I voted against it,\" helped the Bush campaign to paint him as a flip-flopper and has been cited as contributing to Kerry's defeat.", "John Kerry. In the lead up to the Iraq War, Kerry said on October 9, 2002; \"I will be voting to give the President of the United States the authority to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein because I believe that a deadly arsenal of weapons of mass destruction in his hands is a real and grave threat to our security.\" Bush relied on that resolution in ordering the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Kerry also gave a January 23, 2003 speech to Georgetown University saying \"Without question, we need to disarm Saddam Hussein. He is a brutal, murderous dictator; leading an oppressive regime he presents a particularly grievous threat because he is so consistently prone to miscalculation. So the threat of Saddam Hussein with weapons of mass destruction is real.\" Kerry did, however, warn that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war: \"Mr. President, do not rush to war, take the time to build the coalition, because it's not winning the war that's hard, it's winning the peace that's hard.\""]}
{"query": "What is the college Francis Walsingham attended an instance of?", "answer": "college of the University of Cambridge", "gold_docs": ["Francis Walsingham. Francis Walsingham matriculated at King's College, Cambridge, in 1548 with many other Protestants but as an undergraduate of high social status did not sit for a degree. From 1550 or 1551, he travelled in continental Europe, returning to England by 1552 to enrol at Gray's Inn, one of the qualifying bodies for English lawyers.", "King's College, Cambridge. King's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Formally The King's College of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas in Cambridge, the college lies beside the River Cam and faces out onto King's Parade in the centre of the city."]}
{"query": "What type of university is the college Kyeon Mi-ri attended?", "answer": "private university", "gold_docs": ["Sejong University. Sejong University (\uc138\uc885\ub300\ud559\uad50, \u4e16\u5b97\u5927\u5b78\u6821) is a private university located in Seoul, South Korea. The history of Sejong University dates to 1940 when a trust established the Kyung Sung Humanities Institute. In 1978, the academy was named Sejong University in honor of Sejong the Great, the fourth king of the Chosun Dynasty and overseer of the Korean alphabet Hangeul.", "Kyeon Mi-ri. Kyeon Mi-ri graduated from Seoul Traditional Arts High School in 1983, then studied Dance at Sejong University. She made her acting debut in 1984, and has since become active in television dramas, most notably as the arrogant and ambitious Lady Choi in the 2003 period drama \"Dae Jang Geum\" (or \"Jewel in the Palace\"), which was a hit not only in Korea but throughout Asia."]}
{"query": "In what year was the author of The Insider's Guide to the Colleges established?", "answer": "1878", "gold_docs": ["The Insider's Guide to the Colleges. The Insider's Guide to the Colleges is a college educational guide which has been published annually by the student editorial staff of the \"Yale Daily News\" for over four decades. It provides insight to prospective undergraduate students using first-hand accounts of attending students as well as an overview of the admissions process.", "Yale University. The university hosts a variety of student journals, magazines, and newspapers. Established in 1872, The Yale Record is the world's oldest humor magazine. Newspapers include the Yale Daily News, which was first published in 1878, and the weekly Yale Herald, which was first published in 1986. Dwight Hall, an independent, non-profit community service organization, oversees more than 2,000 Yale undergraduates working on more than 70 community service initiatives in New Haven. The Yale College Council runs several agencies that oversee campus wide activities and student services. The Yale Dramatic Association and Bulldog Productions cater to the theater and film communities, respectively. In addition, the Yale Drama Coalition serves to coordinate between and provide resources for the various Sudler Fund sponsored theater productions which run each weekend. WYBC Yale Radio is the campus's radio station, owned and operated by students. While students used to broadcast on AM & FM frequencies, they now have an Internet-only stream."]}
{"query": "When was the territory covered by RIBA's Cambridge branch office created?", "answer": "1994", "gold_docs": ["East of England. The East of England is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes. It was created in 1994 and was adopted for statistics from 1999. It includes the ceremonial counties of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk. Essex has the highest population in the region.", "Royal Institute of British Architects. The Institute also maintains a dozen regional offices around the United Kingdom, it opened its first regional office for the East of England at Cambridge in 1966."]}
{"query": "What's the meaning of the name of the school that does not include the Mahayava scriptures in its canon?", "answer": "The School of the Elders", "gold_docs": ["Buddhism. Only the Theravada school does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon. As the modern Theravada school is descended from a branch of Buddhism that diverged and established itself in Sri Lanka prior to the emergence of the Mahayana texts, debate exists as to whether the Theravada were historically included in the hinayana designation; in the modern era, this label is seen as derogatory, and is generally avoided.", "Buddhism. Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (\"The School of the Elders\") and Mahayana (\"The Great Vehicle\"). Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana. Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana which includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai (Tendai) is found throughout East Asia. Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India, is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas, Mongolia and Kalmykia. Buddhists number between an estimated 488 million[web 1] and 535 million, making it one of the world's major religions."]}
{"query": "Where did the director who provided the lyrics to A Time for Singing attend school?", "answer": "Northwestern's School of Communication", "gold_docs": ["Northwestern University. Northwestern's School of Communication has been especially fruitful in the number of actors, actresses, playwrights, and film and television writers and directors it has produced. Alumni who have made their mark on film and television include Ann-Margret, Warren Beatty, Jodie Markell, Paul Lynde, David Schwimmer, Anne Dudek, Zach Braff, Zooey Deschanel, Marg Helgenberger, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Jerry Orbach, Jennifer Jones, Megan Mullally, John Cameron Mitchell, Dermot Mulroney, Charlton Heston, Richard Kind, Ana Gasteyer, Brad Hall, Shelley Long, William Daniels, Cloris Leachman, Bonnie Bartlett, Paula Prentiss, Richard Benjamin, Laura Innes, Charles Busch, Stephanie March, Tony Roberts, Jeri Ryan, Kimberly Williams-Paisley, McLean Stevenson, Tony Randall, Charlotte Rae, Paul Lynde, Patricia Neal, Nancy Dussault, Robert Reed, Mara Brock Akil, Greg Berlanti, Bill Nuss, Dusty Kay, Dan Shor, Seth Meyers, Frank DeCaro, Zach Gilford, Nicole Sullivan, Stephen Colbert, Sandra Seacat and Garry Marshall. Directors who were graduated from Northwestern include Gerald Freedman, Stuart Hagmann, Marshall W. Mason, and Mary Zimmerman. Lee Phillip Bell hosted a talk show in Chicago from 1952 to 1986 and co-created the Daytime Emmy Award-winning soap operas The Young and the Restless in 1973 and The Bold and the Beautiful in 1987. Alumni such as Sheldon Harnick, Stephanie D'Abruzzo, Heather Headley, Kristen Schaal, Lily Rabe, and Walter Kerr have distinguished themselves on Broadway, as has designer Bob Mackie. Amsterdam-based comedy theater Boom Chicago was founded by Northwestern alumni, and the school has become a training ground for future The Second City, I.O., ComedySportz, Mad TV and Saturday Night Live talent. Tam Spiva wrote scripts for The Brady Bunch and Gentle Ben. In New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago, the number of Northwestern alumni involved in theater, film, and television is so large that a perception has formed that there's such a thing as a \"Northwestern mafia.\"", "A Time for Singing. A Time for Singing is a musical with music by John Morris, lyrics by Gerald Freedman and John Morris, and a book by Freedman and Morris. The work was based on Richard Llewellyn's novel of a Welsh mining village, \"How Green Was My Valley\". The show takes place in the memory of Protestant minister David Griffith, recalling conflict within the Morgan family over the possible formation of a miners' union within the village, and the romance between Griffith himself and Angharad of the Morgans, who ultimately marries the mine owner instead."]}
{"query": "When did the country formerly known as Zaire become independent?", "answer": "1960", "gold_docs": ["History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. After an uprising by the Congolese people, Belgium surrendered to the independence of the Congo in 1960. However, the Congo remained unstable because tribal leaders had more power than the central government. Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba tried to restore order with the aid of the Soviet Union as part of the Cold War, causing the United States to support a coup led by Colonel Joseph Mobutu in 1965. Mobutu quickly seized complete power of the Congo and renamed the country Zaire. He sought to Africanize the country, changing his own name to Mobutu Sese Seko, and demanded that African citizens change their Western names to traditional African names. Mobutu sought to repress any opposition to his rule, in which he successfully did throughout the 1980s. However, with his regime weakened in the 1990s, Mobutu was forced to agree to a power - sharing government with the opposition party. Mobutu remained the head of state and promised elections within the next two years that never took place.", "Zaire. Zaire (/ z\u0251\u02d0\u02c8\u026a\u0259r /), officially the Republic of Zaire (French: R\u00e9publique du Za\u00efre; French pronunciation: \u200b (za. i\u0281)), was the name for the Democratic Republic of the Congo that existed between 1971 and 1997 in Central Africa. The country was a one - party totalitarian dictatorship, run by Mobutu Sese Seko and his ruling Popular Movement of the Revolution party. Zaire was established following Mobutu's seizure of power in a military coup in 1965, following five years of political upheaval following independence known as the Congo Crisis. Zaire had a strongly centralist constitution and foreign assets were nationalised. The period is sometimes referred to as the Second Congolese Republic."]}
{"query": "Where did Peter and Paul Fortress' designer die?", "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "gold_docs": ["Peter and Paul Fortress. Today it has been adapted as the central and most important part of the State Museum of Saint Petersburg History. The museum has gradually become virtually the sole owner of the fortress building, except the structure occupied by the Saint Petersburg Mint (Monetniy Dvor).", "Peter and Paul Fortress. The Peter and Paul Fortress is the original citadel of St. Petersburg, Russia, founded by Peter the Great in 1703 and built to Domenico Trezzini's designs from 1706 to 1740 as a star fortress. In the early 1920s, it was still used as a prison and execution ground by the Bolshevik government."]}
{"query": "When did the network which airs Alt for Norge start?", "answer": "1988", "gold_docs": ["Alt for Norge. Alt for Norge (\"All for Norway\", though marketed in the United States as \"The Great Norway Adventure\") is a Norwegian reality television series which debuted in 2010 and appears on TVNorge and hosted by . The reality show features Norwegian Americans participating in challenges relating to Norwegian history and culture, competing to win a reunion with their distant Norwegian relatives. The original Norwegian concept has also been exported to Sweden and Denmark.", "TVNorge. TVNorge went on the air on 5 December 1988 and was the first advertising-supported Norwegian channel. The channel was started with 50 000 NOK. The first broadcast was a live variety show from Oslo Cabaret with Swedish singer Lill-Babs and Norwegian pop group Tomboy as musical guests. Originally TVNorge broadcast via satellite and cable, later they have affiliated several local television broadcasters. The local broadcasters generally were allowed the 17.30-18.30 timeslot for local programming, along with a second slot from 19.30-20.30. The rest of the time was assigned to TVNorge's own schedule."]}
{"query": "Who failed to take back what the French believed instrumental in their defense?", "answer": "the Russian defences", "gold_docs": ["Crimean War. For months each side had been building forward rifle pits and defensive positions, which resulted in many skirmishes. Artillery fire aiming to gain superiority over the enemy guns.:450\u2013462 September saw the final assault. On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Army on 8 September resulting in the capture of the Malakoff by the French, and following their failure to retake it, the collapse of the Russian defences. Meanwhile, the British captured the Great Redan, just south of the city of Sevastopol. The Russians retreated to the north, blowing up their magazines and the city fell on 9 September 1855 after a 337-day-long siege.:106", "Crimean War. The Allies had had time to consider the problem. The French being brought around to agree that the key to the defence was the Malakoff.:441 Emphasis of the siege at Sevastopol shifted to the British left, against the fortifications on Malakoff hill.:339 In March, there was fighting by the French over a new fort being built by the Russians at Mamelon, located on a hill in front of the Malakoff. Several weeks of fighting saw little change in the front line, and the Mamelon remained in Russian hands."]}
{"query": "What is the field of work of the proposer of the modern synthetic theory of evolution?", "answer": "bio", "gold_docs": ["Modern synthesis (20th century). The modern synthesis was the early 20th - century synthesis reconciling Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and Gregor Mendel's ideas on heredity in a joint mathematical framework. Julian Huxley coined the term in his 1942 book, Evolution: The Modern Synthesis.", "The Science of Life. The Science of Life is a book written by H. G. Wells, Julian Huxley and G. P. Wells, published in three volumes by The Waverley Publishing Company Ltd in 1929\u201330, giving a popular account of all major aspects of biology as known in the 1920s. It has been called \"the first modern textbook of biology\" and \"the best popular introduction to the biological sciences\". Wells's most recent biographer notes that \"The Science of Life\" \"is not quite as dated as one might suppose\"."]}
{"query": "When was the season of Greys Anatomy when Derek died filmed?", "answer": "filming for the eleventh season would begin on July 25, 2014", "gold_docs": ["Derek Shepherd. In season 11, Derek is involved in a fatal car accident while driving to the airport for his final trip to Washington. He is able to hear and process auditory input, but unable to speak. He is recognized by Winnie, one of the victims of a crash he assisted in earlier, who tells the surgeons that their patient's name is Derek and that he is a surgeon as well. The hospital he was taken to was understaffed and his head injury was not detected quickly enough by the interns on duty that night. Although the neurosurgeon on call is paged multiple times, he takes too long to arrive and Derek is declared brain dead. Police arrive at Meredith's door and take her to see Derek, where she consents to removing him from life support. At the time of his death, Meredith was pregnant with their third child. She gives birth to a daughter whom she names Ellis after her mother.", "Grey's Anatomy (season 11). Not even a week after the Season 10 finale episode aired, the Grey's Anatomy team of writers began collaborating on ideas for Season 11 storylines. Shonda Rhimes tweeted that they were hard at work in the writing room, but would have the month of June off before coming back in full swing to write actual episodes. After the 4th of July weekend, Rhimes tweeted that the writers' room was once again buzzing, as the team had returned from vacation to start writing new episodes for Season 11. Camilla Luddington confirmed that the filming for the eleventh season would begin on July 25, 2014."]}
{"query": "When did the manufacturer of a pedometer accessory for the iPod become a publicly traded company?", "answer": "1980", "gold_docs": ["IPod. Many accessories have been made for the iPod line. A large number are made by third party companies, although many, such as the iPod Hi-Fi, are made by Apple. Some accessories add extra features that other music players have, such as sound recorders, FM radio tuners, wired remote controls, and audio/visual cables for TV connections. Other accessories offer unique features like the Nike+iPod pedometer and the iPod Camera Connector. Other notable accessories include external speakers, wireless remote controls, protective case, screen films, and wireless earphones. Among the first accessory manufacturers were Griffin Technology, Belkin, JBL, Bose, Monster Cable, and SendStation.", "Nike, Inc.. In 1976, the company hired John Brown and Partners, based in Seattle, as its first advertising agency. The following year, the agency created the first ``brand ad ''for Nike, called`` There is no finish line'', in which no Nike product was shown. By 1980, Nike had attained a 50% market share in the U.S. athletic shoe market, and the company went public in December of that year."]}
{"query": "What is the record label for the person who sang Beauty and the Beast with Celine Dion?", "answer": "Capitol Records", "gold_docs": ["I Am Love (album). I Am Love is the seventh studio album by American recording artist Peabo Bryson, released in 1981 under Capitol Records. The album features singles, \"There's No Guarantee\" and the top ten R&B hit, \"Let the Feeling Flow\".", "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song). ``Beauty and the Beast ''is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for the Disney animated feature film Beauty and the Beast (1991). The film's theme song, the Broadway - inspired ballad was first recorded by British - American actress Angela Lansbury in her role as the voice of the character Mrs. Potts, and essentially describes the relationship between its two main characters Belle and the Beast, specifically how the couple has learned to accept their differences and in turn change each other for the better. Additionally, the song's lyrics imply that the feeling of love is as timeless and ageless as a`` tale as old as time''. Lansbury's rendition is heard during the famous ballroom sequence between Belle and the Beast, while a shorted chorale version plays in the closing scenes of the film, and the song's motif features frequently in other pieces of Menken's film score. ``Beauty and the Beast ''was subsequently recorded as a pop duet by Canadian singer Celine Dion and American singer Peabo Bryson, and released as the only single from the film's soundtrack on November 25, 1991."]}
{"query": "Who is the employer of the Iranian scientist who co-invented the first gas laser?", "answer": "M.I.T.", "gold_docs": ["Fritz Goro. Goro documented many major scientific breakthroughs, including pictures of the first plutonium ever produced, the first atomic-bomb test, the advent of microelectronics, the ruby laser, as well as photos of Ali Javan timing the frequency of light at M.I.T. laboratory.", "Iran. Iranian scientists outside Iran have also made some major contributions to science. In 1960, Ali Javan co-invented the first gas laser, and fuzzy set theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh. Iranian cardiologist, Tofy Mussivand invented and developed the first artificial cardiac pump, the precursor of the artificial heart. Furthering research and treatment of diabetes, HbA1c was discovered by Samuel Rahbar. Iranian physics is especially strong in string theory, with many papers being published in Iran. Iranian-American string theorist Kamran Vafa proposed the Vafa-Witten theorem together with Edward Witten. In August 2014, Maryam Mirzakhani became the first-ever woman, as well as the first-ever Iranian, to receive the Fields Medal, the highest prize in mathematics."]}
{"query": "How many championships in a row were won by the person who played in the most NBA finals games?", "answer": "eight", "gold_docs": ["List of NBA players with most championships. Boston Celtics center Bill Russell holds the record for the most NBA championships won with 11 titles during his 13 - year playing career. He won his first championship with the Boston Celtics in his rookie year. Afterwards, he went on to win 10 championships in the next 12 years, including eight consecutive championships from 1959 to 1966. He won the last two championships in 1968 and 1969 as player - coach. Russell's teammate, Sam Jones, won 10 championships from 1959 to 1969, the second most in NBA history. Four Celtics players, Tom Heinsohn, K.C. Jones, Satch Sanders and John Havlicek, won eight championships each. Two other Celtics, Jim Loscutoff and Frank Ramsey, won seven championships each. Four players, Bob Cousy, Kareem Abdul - Jabbar, Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen, won six championships each. Jordan and Pippen are members of the Chicago Bulls team who won three consecutive championships twice in the 1990s. George Mikan won 2 championships in the NBL before it merged with the BAA to form the NBA, and won 5 championships in the NBA.", "NBA Finals. Most years in Finals (12) -- Bill Russell Most games played in Finals (70) -- Bill Russell Most career points in Finals (1,679) -- Jerry West Most career assists in Finals (584) -- Magic Johnson Most career rebounds in Finals (1,718) -- Bill Russell Most career blocks in Finals (116) -- Kareem Abdul - Jabbar Most career steals in Finals (102) -- Magic Johnson Most career turnovers in Finals (190) -- Magic Johnson"]}
{"query": "In what language is the star of Koyelaanchal fluent?", "answer": "Hindi", "gold_docs": ["Achanak (1973 film). Achanak (, translation: Suddenly) is a 1973 Indian Hindi film, directed by Gulzar, written by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas, and starring Vinod Khanna. Gulzar received a Filmfare nomination as Best Director for this film. Even though Gulzar is an accomplished lyricist, this film did not have any songs in it. K.A. Abbas earned a Filmfare nomination for best story. It is inspired by the real-life sensational 1958 murder case KM Nanavati v State of Maharashtra.", "Koyelaanchal. Koyelaanchal is a 2014 Bollywood film produced and directed by Ashu Trikha, starring Vinod Khanna, Sunil Shetty, Vipinno and Roopali Krishnarao."]}
{"query": "What instrument did the artiste for Vi skall fara bortom m\u00e5nen play?", "answer": "violin", "gold_docs": ["Vi skall fara bortom m\u00e5nen. Vi skall fara bortom m\u00e5nen is a s Christian song written by Carl \u00d6st, describing the importance of faith with references to the Space Race between the United States and the USSR. The song was recorded by him on the EP record \"Carl \u00d6st sjunger till gitarr\", released 1966.", "Carl \u00d6st. Carl \u00d6st, (19 January 1908 in Alfta Parish \u2013 13 February 1988 in Ovan\u00e5ker Parish) was a Swedish singer and musician playing the violin and guitar. Originally playing folk music, he later switched to Christian music."]}
{"query": "What year did the council which was seated in 1949 adopt the convention of cybercrime in?", "answer": "2001", "gold_docs": ["Convention on Cybercrime. The Convention and its Explanatory Report was adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe at its 109th Session on 8 November 2001. It was opened for signature in Budapest, on 23 November 2001 and it entered into force on 1 July 2004. As of December 2016, 52 states have ratified the convention, while a further four states had signed the convention but not ratified it.", "Strasbourg. In 1949, the city was chosen to be the seat of the Council of Europe with its European Court of Human Rights and European Pharmacopoeia. Since 1952, the European Parliament has met in Strasbourg, which was formally designated its official 'seat' at the Edinburgh meeting of the European Council of EU heads of state and government in December 1992. (This position was reconfirmed and given treaty status in the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam). However, only the (four-day) plenary sessions of the Parliament are held in Strasbourg each month, with all other business being conducted in Brussels and Luxembourg. Those sessions take place in the Immeuble Louise Weiss, inaugurated in 1999, which houses the largest parliamentary assembly room in Europe and of any democratic institution in the world. Before that, the EP sessions had to take place in the main Council of Europe building, the Palace of Europe, whose unusual inner architecture had become a familiar sight to European TV audiences. In 1992, Strasbourg became the seat of the Franco-German TV channel and movie-production society Arte."]}
{"query": "When did the author of season 7 of game of thrones begin writing Winds of Winter?", "answer": "2010", "gold_docs": ["Game of Thrones (season 7). Depending upon the release of George R.R. Martin's forthcoming The Winds of Winter, the seventh season may comprise original material not found in the A Song of Ice and Fire series. According to previous reports, some of the show's sixth season had consisted of material revealed to the writers of the television series during discussions with Martin.", "A Song of Ice and Fire. The Winds of Winter will resolve the cliffhangers from A Dance with Dragons early on and ``will open with the two big battles that (the fifth book) was building up to, the battle in the ice and the battle (...) of Slaver's Bay. And then take it from there. ''By the middle of 2010, Martin had already finished five chapters of The Winds of Winter from the viewpoints of Sansa Stark, Arya Stark, Arianne Martell, and Aeron Greyjoy, accumulating to around 100 completed pages. After the publication of A Dance with Dragons in 2011, Martin announced he would return to writing in January 2012. He spent the meantime on book tours, conventions, and continued working on his The World of Ice & Fire companion guide and a new Tales of Dunk and Egg novella."]}
{"query": "What languages are spoken, written or signed by the person the Schiff test is named after?", "answer": "Italian", "gold_docs": ["Hugo Schiff. Hugo (Ugo) Schiff (26 April 1834 \u2013 8 September 1915) was an Italian naturalized chemist, German by nationality. He discovered Schiff bases and other imines, and was responsible for research into aldehydes; leading to his development of the Schiff test. He also worked in the field of amino acids and the Biuret reagent.", "Schiff test. The Schiff test is an early organic chemistry name reaction developed by Hugo Schiff, and is a relatively general chemical test for detection of many organic aldehydes that has also found use in the staining of biological tissues. The Schiff reagent is the reaction product of a dye formulation such as fuchsin and sodium bisulfite; pararosaniline (which lacks an aromatic methyl group) and new fuchsin (which is uniformly mono-methylated \"ortho\" to the dye's amine functionalities) are not dye alternatives with comparable detection chemistry."]}
{"query": "What language did the leader of the least radicalized faction use?", "answer": "Chinese", "gold_docs": ["Bombard the Headquarters. It is commonly believed that this \"big-character poster\" directly targeted Chinese President Liu Shaoqi and senior leader Deng Xiaoping, who were then in charge of Chinese government's daily affairs and who tried to cool down the mass hysteria which had been coming into shape in several universities in Beijing since the May 16 Notice, through which Mao officially launched the Cultural Revolution, was issued.", "Great Leap Forward. Within the Party, there were major debates about redistribution. A moderate faction within the party and Politburo member Liu Shaoqi argued that change should be gradual and any collectivization of the peasantry should wait until industrialization, which could provide the agricultural machinery for mechanized farming. A more radical faction led by Mao Zedong argued that the best way to finance industrialization was for the government to take control of agriculture, thereby establishing a monopoly over grain distribution and supply. This would allow the state to buy at a low price and sell much higher, thus raising the capital necessary for the industrialization of the country."]}
{"query": "When did the majority of the patents held by the company the Italian patents firm was representing expire?", "answer": "2015", "gold_docs": ["MP3. Sisvel S.p.A. and its U.S. subsidiary Audio MPEG, Inc. previously sued Thomson for patent infringement on MP3 technology, but those disputes were resolved in November 2005 with Sisvel granting Thomson a license to their patents. Motorola followed soon after, and signed with Sisvel to license MP3-related patents in December 2005. Except for three patents, the US patents administered by Sisvel had all expired in 2015, however (the exceptions are: U.S. Patent 5,878,080, expires February 2017, U.S. Patent 5,850,456, expires February 2017 and U.S. Patent 5,960,037, expires 9. April 2017.", "MP3. In September 2006, German officials seized MP3 players from SanDisk's booth at the IFA show in Berlin after an Italian patents firm won an injunction on behalf of Sisvel against SanDisk in a dispute over licensing rights. The injunction was later reversed by a Berlin judge, but that reversal was in turn blocked the same day by another judge from the same court, \"bringing the Patent Wild West to Germany\" in the words of one commentator."]}
{"query": "What language is used by the person after whom the Panizzi lectures are named?", "answer": "Italian", "gold_docs": ["Anthony Panizzi. Sir Antonio Genesio Maria Panizzi (16 September 1797 \u2013 8 April 1879), better known as Anthony Panizzi, was a naturalised British librarian of Italian birth and an Italian patriot. He was the Principal Librarian (i.e. head) of the British Museum from 1856 to 1866.", "Panizzi Lectures. The Panizzi Lectures are a series of annual lectures given at the British Library by \"eminent scholars of the book\" and named after the librarian Anthony Panizzi. They are considered one of the major British bibliographical lecture series alongside the Sandars Lectures at the University of Cambridge and the Lyell Lectures at Oxford University."]}
{"query": "What is the language for the person who translated Plato's work to Latin?", "answer": "Italian", "gold_docs": ["Translation. Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino. This and Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to translation. For the first time, readers demanded rigor of rendering, as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus.", "Giovanni Cavalcanti (poet). Giovanni Cavalcanti (1444\u20131509) was an Italian poet from Florence, a member of the Platonic Academy of Florence that met in the Villa Medici at Careggi under the guidance of Marsilio Ficino. Ficino and Cavalcanti were particular friends: Giovanni Cavalcanti lived for many years with Ficino at his villa, and Marsilio dedicated his essay \"De amore\" (1484) to Cavalcanti, who had urged him to compose it. Ficino introduced the concept of \"Platonic love\" and addressed many letters to his \"Giovanni amico mio perfettisimo\" (\"Giovanni my most perfect friend\")."]}
{"query": "What did Goring believe the person whom he refused to work with in 1940 and 1941 would gain with further support?", "answer": "control of more Luftwaffe units", "gold_docs": ["The Blitz. Directive 23 was the only concession made by G\u00f6ring to the Kriegsmarine over the strategic bombing strategy of the Luftwaffe against Britain. Thereafter, he would refuse to make available any air units to destroy British dockyards, ports, port facilities, or shipping in dock or at sea, lest Kriegsmarine gain control of more Luftwaffe units. Raeder's successor\u2014Karl D\u00f6nitz\u2014would\u2014on the intervention of Hitler\u2014gain control of one unit (KG 40), but G\u00f6ring would soon regain it. G\u00f6ring's lack of cooperation was detrimental to the one air strategy with potentially decisive strategic effect on Britain. Instead, he wasted aircraft of Fliegerf\u00fchrer Atlantik (Flying Command Atlantic) on bombing mainland Britain instead of attacks against convoys. For G\u00f6ring, his prestige had been damaged by the defeat in the Battle of Britain, and he wanted to regain it by subduing Britain by air power alone. He was always reluctant to cooperate with Raeder.", "The Blitz. A major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann G\u00f6ring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was \"the most effective strategic weapon\", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, \"We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we had not had an undivided Luftwaffe\". Such principles made it much harder to integrate the air force into the overall strategy and produced in G\u00f6ring a jealous and damaging defence of his \"empire\" while removing Hitler voluntarily from the systematic direction of the Luftwaffe at either the strategic or operational level. When Hitler tried to intervene more in the running of the air force later in the war, he was faced with a political conflict of his own making between himself and G\u00f6ring, which was not fully resolved until the war was almost over. In 1940 and 1941, G\u00f6ring's refusal to cooperate with the Kriegsmarine denied the entire Wehrmacht military forces of the Reich the chance to strangle British sea communications, which might have had strategic or decisive effect in the war against the British Empire."]}
{"query": "Who was the president of the body that petitioned the king of England to recognize the rights of colonists when the declaration of independence was adopted?", "answer": "President John Hancock", "gold_docs": ["President of the Continental Congress. Fourteen men served as president of Congress. The first was Peyton Randolph, who was elected on September 5, 1774. The last president, Cyrus Griffin, resigned in November 1788. President John Hancock is remembered for his large, bold signature on the Declaration of Independence, which was adopted and signed during his presidency.", "Petition to the King. Many colonists in the Americas, however, developed a different conception of their role within the British Empire. In particular, because the colonies were not directly represented in Parliament, colonists argued that Parliament had no right to levy taxes upon them. After colonists destroyed thousands of pounds of British - taxed tea during the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed the Coercive Acts in 1774, punishing the colonies for their actions. These punitive Acts were vehemently opposed by the colonists, leading the newly formed Continental Congress to seek redress with King George III, in an attempt to reach a common understanding."]}
{"query": "What city is the place Kara V\u00e2s\u0131f Bey died located in?", "answer": "Istanbul", "gold_docs": ["Kara V\u00e2s\u0131f Bey. Kara V\u00e2s\u0131f Bey (1880; 'Asir \u2013 December 5, 1931; Kad\u0131k\u00f6y) was an officer of the Ottoman Army, and a politician of the Republic of Turkey. He was one of the founding members of the Karakol society and his family took the surname \"Karakol\" after his death.", "Kad\u0131k\u00f6y. Kad\u0131k\u00f6y (; in Byzantine Chalcedon, in ), is a large, populous, and cosmopolitan district in the Asian side of Istanbul, Turkey on the northern shore of the Sea of Marmara, facing the historic city centre on the European side of the Bosporus. Kad\u0131k\u00f6y is also the name of the most prominent neighbourhood of the district, a residential and commercial area that, with its numerous bars, cinemas and bookshops, is the cultural centre of the Anatolian side of Istanbul. Kad\u0131k\u00f6y became a district in 1928 when it was separated from \u00dcsk\u00fcdar district. The neighbourhoods of \u0130\u00e7erenk\u00f6y, Bostanc\u0131 and Suadiye were also separated from the district of Kartal in the same year, and eventually joined the newly formed district of Kad\u0131k\u00f6y. Its neighbouring districts are \u00dcsk\u00fcdar to the northwest, Ata\u015fehir to the northeast, Maltepe to the southeast, and Kartal beyond Maltepe. The population of Kad\u0131k\u00f6y district, according to the 2007 census, is 509,282."]}
{"query": "What languages can the star of Accident on Hill Road speak, write or sign?", "answer": "Hindi", "gold_docs": ["Accident on Hill Road. Accident on Hill Road is a 2009 Bollywood film, directed by Mahesh Nair and produced by Nari Hira, starring Farooq Sheikh, Abhimanyu Singh, Celina Jaitly. The film is an authorised remake of the 2007 American film \"Stuck\", which is based on the true story of Chante Mallard.", "Katha (1983 film). Katha (English: Story) is a 1983 Hindi film by Sai Paranjpye featuring Naseeruddin Shah, Farooq Shaikh and Deepti Naval in the main roles. The film is about the daily lives of people living in a Mumbai \"chawl\". The story is based on S.G. Sathye's Marathi play \"Sasa aani Kasav\" (Hare and Tortoise), which was also adapted into the 1988 movie \"Mukunthetta Sumitra Vilikkunnu\"."]}
{"query": "In what year did France host the finals of the competition featuring Samoa for going on 30 years?", "answer": "2007", "gold_docs": ["St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. The rugby union team The Rock is the Eastern Canadian entry in the Americas Rugby Championship. The Rock play their home games at Swilers Rugby Park, as did the Rugby Canada Super League champions for 2005 and 2006, the Newfoundland Rock. The city hosted a Rugby World Cup qualifying match between Canada and the USA on 12 August 2006, where the Canadians heavily defeated the USA 56\u20137 to qualify for the 2007 Rugby World Cup finals in France. The 2007 age-grade Rugby Canada National Championship Festival was held in the city.", "Samoa. Rugby union is the national sport in Samoa and the national team, nicknamed the Manu Samoa, is consistently competitive against teams from vastly more populous nations. Samoa has competed at every Rugby World Cup since 1991, and made the quarter finals in 1991, 1995 and the second round of the 1999 World Cup. At the 2003 world cup, Manu Samoa came close to beating eventual world champions, England. Samoa also played in the Pacific Nations Cup and the Pacific Tri-Nations. The sport is governed by the Samoa Rugby Football Union, who are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance, and thus, also contribute to the international Pacific Islanders rugby union team."]}
{"query": "In which year did the publisher of Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety cease to exist?", "answer": "2001", "gold_docs": ["Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety. Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety was published in 1991 by the British Railways Board. The British Railways Board had asked Roald Dahl to write the text of the booklet, and Quentin Blake to illustrate it, to help young people enjoy using the railways safely.", "British Railways Board. The British Railways Board (BRB) was a nationalised industry in the United Kingdom that operated from 1963 to 2001. Until 1997 it was responsible for most railway services in Great Britain, trading under the brand name British Railways and, from 1965, British Rail. It did not operate railways in Northern Ireland, where railways were the responsibility of the Government of Northern Ireland."]}
{"query": "When was the inception of the company that released Poptropica?", "answer": "1998", "gold_docs": ["Poptropica. Poptropica is an online role-playing game, developed in 2007 by Pearson Education's Family Education Network, and targeted towards children aged 6 to 15. \"Poptropica\" was primarily the creation of Jeff Kinney, the author of the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series. As of 2015, he remains at the company as the Creative Director.", "Pearson Education. Pearson Education is a British-owned education publishing and assessment service to schools and corporations, as well for students directly. Pearson owns educational media brands including Addison\u2013Wesley, Peachpit, Prentice Hall, eCollege, Longman, Scott Foresman, and others. Pearson is part of Pearson plc, which formerly owned the \"Financial Times\". It was created in July 1998 when Pearson plc purchased the education division of Simon & Schuster from Viacom and merged it with its own education division, Addison-Wesley Longman, to form Pearson Education. Pearson Education was rebranded to Pearson in 2011 and split into an International and a North American division."]}
{"query": "When did the distributer of Poptropica start?", "answer": "1998", "gold_docs": ["Pearson Education. Pearson Education is a British-owned education publishing and assessment service to schools and corporations, as well for students directly. Pearson owns educational media brands including Addison\u2013Wesley, Peachpit, Prentice Hall, eCollege, Longman, Scott Foresman, and others. Pearson is part of Pearson plc, which formerly owned the \"Financial Times\". It was created in July 1998 when Pearson plc purchased the education division of Simon & Schuster from Viacom and merged it with its own education division, Addison-Wesley Longman, to form Pearson Education. Pearson Education was rebranded to Pearson in 2011 and split into an International and a North American division.", "Poptropica. Poptropica is an online role-playing game, developed in 2007 by Pearson Education's Family Education Network, and targeted towards children aged 6 to 15. \"Poptropica\" was primarily the creation of Jeff Kinney, the author of the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series. As of 2015, he remains at the company as the Creative Director."]}
{"query": "What is the source of the river where Southern California gets most of its water?", "answer": "La Poudre Pass", "gold_docs": ["Colorado River. Colorado River The Colorado River at Horseshoe Bend, Arizona, a few miles below Glen Canyon Dam Countries United States, Mexico States Colorado, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, California, Baja California, Sonora Tributaries - left Fraser River, Blue River, Eagle River, Roaring Fork River, Gunnison River, Dolores River, San Juan River, Little Colorado River, Bill Williams River, Gila River - right Green River, Dirty Devil River, Escalante River, Kanab River, Virgin River, Hardy River Cities Glenwood Springs, CO, Grand Junction, CO, Moab, UT, Page, AZ, Bullhead City, AZ, Lake Havasu City, AZ, Yuma, AZ, San Luis Rio Colorado, SON Source La Poudre Pass - location Rocky Mountains, Colorado, United States - elevation 10,184 ft (3,104 m) - coordinates 40 \u00b0 28 \u2032 20 ''N 105 \u00b0 49 \u2032 34'' W \ufeff / \ufeff 40.47222 \u00b0 N 105.82611 \u00b0 W \ufeff / 40.47222; - 105.82611 Mouth Gulf of California - location Colorado River Delta, Baja California -- Sonora, Mexico - elevation 0 ft (0 m) - coordinates 31 \u00b0 54 \u2032 00 ''N 114 \u00b0 57 \u2032 03'' W \ufeff / \ufeff 31.90000 \u00b0 N 114.95083 \u00b0 W \ufeff / 31.90000; - 114.95083 Coordinates: 31 \u00b0 54 \u2032 00 ''N 114 \u00b0 57 \u2032 03'' W \ufeff / \ufeff 31.90000 \u00b0 N 114.95083 \u00b0 W \ufeff / 31.90000; - 114.95083 Length 1,450 mi (2,334 km) Basin 246,000 sq mi (637,137 km) Discharge for mouth (average virgin flow), max and min at Topock, AZ, 300 mi (480 km) from the mouth - average 22,500 cu ft / s (637 m / s) - max 384,000 cu ft / s (10,900 m / s) - min 422 cu ft / s (12 m / s) Map of the Colorado River basin Wikimedia Commons: Colorado River", "Water in California. The Colorado River originates more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) from California in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Wyoming and forms the state's southeastern border in the Mojave Desert. Unlike the other California watersheds, essentially all of the water flowing in the Colorado originates outside the state. The Colorado is a critical source of irrigation and urban water for southern California, providing between 55 and 65 percent of the total supply."]}
{"query": "When was the university Elizabeth Harwood attended formed?", "answer": "1972", "gold_docs": ["Elizabeth Harwood. Janet Baker said this about Harwood: \"Elizabeth was the most beloved of my colleagues, a beautiful person in every way. Her art lit up the stage.\" The Elizabeth Harwood Memorial Award for Singers is given every year by the Royal Northern College of Music.", "Lancashire. More recent Lancashire-born composers include Hugh Wood (1932- Parbold), Sir Peter Maxwell Davies (1934-, Salford), Sir Harrison Birtwistle (1934-, Accrington), Gordon Crosse (1937-, Bury),John McCabe (1939-2015, Huyton), Roger Smalley (1943-2015, Swinton), Nigel Osborne (1948-, Manchester), Steve Martland (1954-2013, Liverpool), Simon Holt (1958-, Bolton) and Philip Cashian (1963-, Manchester). The Royal Manchester College of Music was founded in 1893 to provide a northern counterpart to the London musical colleges. It merged with the Northern College of Music (formed in 1920) to form the Royal Northern College of Music in 1972."]}
{"query": "What is the population of the city where the torch event was held in Vietnam?", "answer": "8,426,100", "gold_docs": ["Ho Chi Minh City. Ho Chi Minh City Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh Saigon or S\u00e0i G\u00f2n Municipality Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c trung \u01b0\u01a1ng Clockwise, from left to right: B\u1ebfn Th\u00e0nh Market, Ho Chi Minh City Hall, District 1 view from Saigon river, Municipal Theatre, Notre - Dame Cathedral Basilica of Saigon, Independence Palace Seal Nickname (s): Pearl of the Far East Location in Vietnam and Southern Vietnam Coordinates: 10 \u00b0 46 \u2032 36.8 ''N 106 \u00b0 42 \u2032 02.9'' E \ufeff / \ufeff 10.776889 \u00b0 N 106.700806 \u00b0 E \ufeff / 10.776889; 106.700806 Coordinates: 10 \u00b0 46 \u2032 36.8 ''N 106 \u00b0 42 \u2032 02.9'' E \ufeff / \ufeff 10.776889 \u00b0 N 106.700806 \u00b0 E \ufeff / 10.776889; 106.700806 Country Vietnam Central district District 1 Founded as Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh 1698 Renamed to Ho Chi Minh City 1976 Founded by Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu C\u1ea3nh Divisions 19 Urban districts, 5 Suburban districts Government Type Special - class Secretary of Communist Party Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ec7n Nh\u00e2n Chairman of People's Committee Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e0nh Phong Chairman of People's Council Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Quy\u1ebft T\u00e2m Area Total 2,096.56 km (809.23 sq mi) Elevation 19 m (63 ft) Population (2016) Total 8,426,100 Rank 1st Density 4,000 / km (10,000 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) (2015 estimate) Total US $127.8 billion Per capita US $15,977 GRDP (nominal) (2016) Total US $45.73 billion Per capita US $5,428 Time zone ICT (UTC + 07: 00) Area codes 8 (until 16 Jul 2017) 28 (from 17 Jun 2017) Website hochiminhcity.gov.vn", "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay. Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n D\u0169ng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay."]}
{"query": "Who is the spouse of one of the artist who have had concerts in the stadium?", "answer": "David Furnish", "gold_docs": ["Elton John: Tantrums & Tiaras. Tantrums & Tiaras is a 1997 documentary film about the musician Sir Elton John, directed by his husband, David Furnish. It was recorded during John's Made in England Tour in 1995 and includes parts of interviews and concerts. Included in the documentary is a large part of a concert John performed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in November 1995. In 1998, the documentary won a Chris Award at the Columbus Film and Video Festival. It was also re-released on DVD in November 2008 as a \"Director's Cut\" with extra material.", "KCOM Stadium. The bowl-shaped stadium contains a continuous single tier of seats with a second tier on the west side. Its current capacity is 25,400. The stadium hosts two tenants, association football club Hull City A.F.C., which moved there from Boothferry Park, and rugby league football club Hull FC, relocated from the Boulevard. It is also the 2nd largest rugby league stadium in England. The ground also hosts international association football and rugby league football competitions and acts as a venue for concerts by musical artists, such as Elton John and The Who."]}
{"query": "What type of community is the municipality where Norbert Pfretzschner died, an instance of?", "answer": "comune", "gold_docs": ["Norbert Pfretzschner. Norbert Pfretzschner (1 September 1850, Kufstein - 28 December 1927, Lana an der Etsch) was an Austrian sculptor and author of books on hunting.", "Lana, South Tyrol. Lana (; ) is a \"comune\" (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy. It is situated in the Etschtal (Etsch Valley) between Bolzano and Merano and at the entrance to the Ultental. The population rose to 11,206 in 2010."]}
{"query": "In what U.S. conflict was involved the most famous army of the Confederacy?", "answer": "American Civil War", "gold_docs": ["North Carolina. Confederate troops from all parts of North Carolina served in virtually all the major battles of the Army of Northern Virginia, the Confederacy's most famous army. The largest battle fought in North Carolina was at Bentonville, which was a futile attempt by Confederate General Joseph Johnston to slow Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's advance through the Carolinas in the spring of 1865. In April 1865, after losing the Battle of Morrisville, Johnston surrendered to Sherman at Bennett Place, in what is today Durham. North Carolina's port city of Wilmington was the last Confederate port to fall to the Union, in February 1865, after the Union won the nearby Second Battle of Fort Fisher, its major defense downriver.", "Battle of Gettysburg, First Day. The First Day of the Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War took place on July 1, 1863, and began as an engagement between isolated units of the Army of Northern Virginia under Confederate General Robert E. Lee and the Army of the Potomac under Union Maj. Gen. George G. Meade. It soon escalated into a major battle which culminated in the outnumbered and defeated Union forces retreating to the high ground south of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania."]}
{"query": "The alma mater of Mushtaq Minhas is an example of what kind of university?", "answer": "private university", "gold_docs": ["Charles William Forman. Charles William Forman (1821\u20131894) was a Presbyterian minister, missionary and the founder of Forman Christian College, a private university in Lahore, Pakistan.", "Mushtaq Minhas. Mushtaq Minhas studied at Forman Christian College, in Lahore, from where he gained a Bachelor of Arts degree. He was also the vice president of the students' union. Mushtaq Minhas received Master of Arts degree in Mass Communication from University of Punjab, Lahore."]}
{"query": "What is the literacy rate in the main city near where Guerra was assassinated?", "answer": "98%", "gold_docs": ["Chihuahua (state). But the peace in the state did not last long, the elections of 1875 caused new hostilities. \u00c1ngel Tr\u00edas led a new movement against the government in June 1875 and maintained control over the government until September 18, 1875 when Donato Guerra the orchestrator of the Revolution of the North was captured. Donato Guerra was assassinated in a suburb of Chihuahua City where he was incarcerated for conspiring with \u00c1ngel Tr\u00edas. During October 1875 several locations were controlled by rebel forces, but the government finally regained control on November 25, 1875.", "Chihuahua (state). The state has one city with a population exceeding one million: Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez. Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez is ranked eighth most populous city in the country and Chihuahua City was ranked 16th most populous in Mexico. Chihuahua (along with Baja California) is the only state in Mexico to have two cities ranked in the top 20 most populated. El Paso and Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez comprise one of the largest binational metropolitan areas in the world with a combined population of 2.4 million. In fact, Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez is one of the fastest growing cities in the world in spite of the fact that it is \"the most violent zone in the world outside of declared war zones\". For instance, a few years ago the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas published that in Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez \"the average annual growth over the 10-year period 1990\u20132000 was 5.3 percent. Ju\u00e1rez experienced much higher population growth than the state of Chihuahua and than Mexico as a whole\". Chihuahua City has one of the highest literacy rates in the country at 98%; 35% of the population is aged 14 or below, 60% 15-65, and 5% over 65. The growth rate is 2.4%. The 76.5% of the population of the state of Chihuahua live in cities which makes the state one of the most urbanized in Mexico."]}
{"query": "What conflict involved the most famous Confederacy army?", "answer": "American Civil War", "gold_docs": ["North Carolina. Confederate troops from all parts of North Carolina served in virtually all the major battles of the Army of Northern Virginia, the Confederacy's most famous army. The largest battle fought in North Carolina was at Bentonville, which was a futile attempt by Confederate General Joseph Johnston to slow Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's advance through the Carolinas in the spring of 1865. In April 1865, after losing the Battle of Morrisville, Johnston surrendered to Sherman at Bennett Place, in what is today Durham. North Carolina's port city of Wilmington was the last Confederate port to fall to the Union, in February 1865, after the Union won the nearby Second Battle of Fort Fisher, its major defense downriver.", "Army of Northern Virginia. The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary military force of the Confederate States of America in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was also the primary command structure of the Department of Northern Virginia. It was most often arrayed against the Union Army of the Potomac."]}
{"query": "What is the name of the airport in the city where the torch event was held in Vietnam?", "answer": "T\u00e2n S\u01a1n Nh\u1ea5t International Airport", "gold_docs": ["Tan Son Nhat International Airport. T\u00e2n S\u01a1n Nh\u1ea5t International Airport (IATA: SGN, ICAO: VVTS) (Vietnamese: S\u00e2n bay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf T\u00e2n S\u01a1n Nh\u1ea5t, Vietnamese: C\u1ea3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf T\u00e2n S\u01a1n Nh\u1ea5t) is the busiest airport in Vietnam with 32.5 million passengers in 2016, serving Ho Chi Minh City as well as the rest of southeastern Vietnam. As of January 2017, it had a total capacity of only 25 million passengers, which has caused constant congestion and sparked debate for expanding or building a new airport. The airport's IATA code, SGN, is derived from the city's former name of Saigon.", "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay. Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n D\u0169ng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay."]}
{"query": "When was the alma mater of Rosalind Plowright founded?", "answer": "1972", "gold_docs": ["Rosalind Plowright. Rosalind Plowright was born in Worksop and studied at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester and at the London Opera Centre.", "Lancashire. More recent Lancashire-born composers include Hugh Wood (1932- Parbold), Sir Peter Maxwell Davies (1934-, Salford), Sir Harrison Birtwistle (1934-, Accrington), Gordon Crosse (1937-, Bury),John McCabe (1939-2015, Huyton), Roger Smalley (1943-2015, Swinton), Nigel Osborne (1948-, Manchester), Steve Martland (1954-2013, Liverpool), Simon Holt (1958-, Bolton) and Philip Cashian (1963-, Manchester). The Royal Manchester College of Music was founded in 1893 to provide a northern counterpart to the London musical colleges. It merged with the Northern College of Music (formed in 1920) to form the Royal Northern College of Music in 1972."]}
{"query": "What is the literacy rate in the new state capitol founded in 1709?", "answer": "98%", "gold_docs": ["Chihuahua (state). The state has one city with a population exceeding one million: Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez. Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez is ranked eighth most populous city in the country and Chihuahua City was ranked 16th most populous in Mexico. Chihuahua (along with Baja California) is the only state in Mexico to have two cities ranked in the top 20 most populated. El Paso and Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez comprise one of the largest binational metropolitan areas in the world with a combined population of 2.4 million. In fact, Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez is one of the fastest growing cities in the world in spite of the fact that it is \"the most violent zone in the world outside of declared war zones\". For instance, a few years ago the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas published that in Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez \"the average annual growth over the 10-year period 1990\u20132000 was 5.3 percent. Ju\u00e1rez experienced much higher population growth than the state of Chihuahua and than Mexico as a whole\". Chihuahua City has one of the highest literacy rates in the country at 98%; 35% of the population is aged 14 or below, 60% 15-65, and 5% over 65. The growth rate is 2.4%. The 76.5% of the population of the state of Chihuahua live in cities which makes the state one of the most urbanized in Mexico.", "Chihuahua (state). and Camargo. In 1631 Juan Rangel de Biezma discovered a rich vein of silver, and subsequently established San Jose del Parral near the site. Parral remained an important economic and cultural center for the next 300 years. On December 8, 1659 Fray Garc\u00eda de San Francisco founded the mission of Nuestra Se\u00f1ora de Guadalupe de Mansos del Paso del R\u00edo del Norte and founded the town El Paso Del Norte (present day Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez) in 1667. The Spanish society that developed in the region replaced the sparse population of indigenous peoples. The absence of servants and workers forged the spirit of northern people as self-dependent, creative people that defended their European heritage. In 1680 settlers from Santa Fe, New Mexico sought refuge in El Paso Del Norte for twelve years after fleeing the attacks from Pueblo tribes, but returned to Santa Fe in 1692 after Diego de Vargas recaptured the city and vicinity. In 1709, Antonio de Deza y Ulloa founded the state capital Chihuahua City; shortly after, the city became the headquarters for the regional mining offices of the Spanish crown known as Real de Minas de San Francisco de Cu\u00e9llar in honor of the Viceroy of New Spain, Francisco Fern\u00e1ndez de la Cueva Enr\u00edquez, Duke of Alburquerque and the Marquee of Cu\u00e9llar.."]}
{"query": "What year was the end of the manufacturer of the White armored car?", "answer": "1980", "gold_docs": ["White Motor Company. The White Motor Company was an American automobile, truck, bus and agricultural tractor manufacturer from 1900 until 1980. The company also produced bicycles, roller skates, automatic lathes, and sewing machines. Before World War II, the company was based in Cleveland, Ohio. White Diesel Engine Division in Springfield, Ohio, manufactured diesel engine generators, which powered U.S. military equipment and infrastructure, namely Army Nike and Air Force Bomarc launch complexes, and other guided missile installations and proving grounds, sections of SAGE and DEW Line stations, radars, combat direction centers and other ground facilities of the U.S. aerospace defense ring, such as the Texas Towers.", "White armored car. The White armored car was a series of armored cars developed by the White Motor Company in Cleveland, Ohio from 1915."]}
{"query": "Who did the members of Kassetten's performers collaborate with?", "answer": "the Birthday Party", "gold_docs": ["Post-punk. In Germany, groups such as Einst\u00fcrzende Neubauten developed a unique style of industrial music, utilizing avant-garde noise, homemade instruments and found objects. Members of that group would later go on to collaborate with members of the Birthday Party. In Brazil, the post-punk scene grew after the generation of Brasilia rock with bands such as Legi\u00e3o Urbana, Capital Inicial and Plebe Rude and then the opening of the music club Madame Sat\u00e3 in S\u00e3o Paulo, with acts like Cabine C, Tit\u00e3s, Patife Band, Fellini and Mercen\u00e1rias, as documented on compilations like The Sexual Life of the Savages and the N\u00e3o Wave/N\u00e3o S\u00e3o Paulo series, released in the UK, Germany and Brazil, respectively.[citation needed]", "Kassetten. Kassetten (English: \"Cassettes\") is the fifth release of Einst\u00fcrzende Neubauten's Musterhaus project, a series of highly experimental CD releases that were only available via an annual subscription through their website or from shows during their 25th Anniversary Tour. This project was separate from their Neubauten.org Supporter Project, which it ran concurrent to."]}
{"query": "What university is Anthony Marten's college part of?", "answer": "college of the University of Cambridge", "gold_docs": ["Anthony Marten. He was the son of David Marten (senior clerk to the surveyor of the king's works) and his wife Jane Cooke. Anthony Marten was educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, but there is no evidence that he graduated. He then entered the royal household. In 1570 he was the Queen's \"sewar\" and then her steward. From July 1579 to March 1586 he was bailiff of Ledbury, Herefordshire, and in August 1588 the Queen awarded him a lease for a house in Richmond. She also appointed him Keeper of the Royal Library at the Palace of Westminster (an office for life with a salary of 20 marks per annum) and as royal cup bearer the Queen granted him monopoly on exporting tin.", "Trinity Hall, Cambridge. Trinity Hall (formally The College or Hall of the Holy Trinity in the University of Cambridge) is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. It is the fifth-oldest college of the university, having been founded in 1350 by William Bateman, Bishop of Norwich."]}
{"query": "What year was the end of the company that built the White armored car?", "answer": "1980", "gold_docs": ["White Motor Company. The White Motor Company was an American automobile, truck, bus and agricultural tractor manufacturer from 1900 until 1980. The company also produced bicycles, roller skates, automatic lathes, and sewing machines. Before World War II, the company was based in Cleveland, Ohio. White Diesel Engine Division in Springfield, Ohio, manufactured diesel engine generators, which powered U.S. military equipment and infrastructure, namely Army Nike and Air Force Bomarc launch complexes, and other guided missile installations and proving grounds, sections of SAGE and DEW Line stations, radars, combat direction centers and other ground facilities of the U.S. aerospace defense ring, such as the Texas Towers.", "White armored car. The White armored car was a series of armored cars developed by the White Motor Company in Cleveland, Ohio from 1915."]}
{"query": "What university is the college attended by Roland Moyle part of?", "answer": "college of the University of Cambridge", "gold_docs": ["Roland Moyle. Moyle was born in March 1928. His father was Arthur Moyle who was a Labour Member of Parliament and served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Clement Attlee. Moyle was educated in Bexleyheath and Llanidloes, and at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he chaired the Labour Club in 1953.", "Trinity Hall, Cambridge. Trinity Hall (formally The College or Hall of the Holy Trinity in the University of Cambridge) is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. It is the fifth-oldest college of the university, having been founded in 1350 by William Bateman, Bishop of Norwich."]}
{"query": "What does the abbreviation of the agency that officially recognized women's football in 1971 Stand for?", "answer": "European Championship", "gold_docs": ["Association football. The growth in women's football has seen major competitions being launched at both national and international level mirroring the male competitions. Women's football has faced many struggles. It had a \"golden age\" in the United Kingdom in the early 1920s when crowds reached 50,000 at some matches; this was stopped on 5 December 1921 when England's Football Association voted to ban the game from grounds used by its member clubs. The FA's ban was rescinded in December 1969 with UEFA voting to officially recognise women's football in 1971. The FIFA Women's World Cup was inaugurated in 1991 and has been held every four years since, while women's football has been an Olympic event since 1996.", "Association football. After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa Am\u00e9rica (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup."]}
{"query": "Where does the four letter abbreviation of the organization which includes the Gibraltar Football Association stand for?", "answer": "European Championship", "gold_docs": ["Association football. After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa Am\u00e9rica (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup.", "2014\u201315 UEFA Europa League. Starting from this edition, the UEFA Europa League winners automatically qualify for the subsequent UEFA Champions League season even if they do not qualify for the Champions League through their domestic performance. Therefore, the winners of this tournament qualify for the 2015\u201316 UEFA Champions League. They are guaranteed to enter at least the play-off round, and since the group stage berth reserved for the Champions League title holders will not be used (the winners of the 2014\u201315 UEFA Champions League are guaranteed to qualify for the group stage through domestic performance), they will be elevated to enter the group stage via this berth."]}
{"query": "Where did the team that won the MLB World Series in 2007 get Brandon Phillips from?", "answer": "Los Angeles Angels", "gold_docs": ["2007 World Series. The 2007 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2007 season. The 103rd edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Colorado Rockies and the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox; the Red Sox swept the Rockies in four games. It was the Rockies' first appearance in a World Series. The Red Sox's victory was their second World Series championship in four seasons and their seventh overall; it also marked the third sweep in four years by the AL champions. The series began on Wednesday, October 24 and ended on Sunday, October 28.", "Brandon Phillips. Brandon Phillips Phillips in 2011 Free agent Second baseman Born: (1981 - 06 - 28) June 28, 1981 (age 37) Raleigh, North Carolina Bats: Right Throws: Right MLB debut September 13, 2002, for the Cleveland Indians MLB statistics (through September 5, 2018) Batting average. 275 Hits 2,029 Home runs 211 Runs batted in 951 Stolen bases 209 Runs 1,004 Teams Cleveland Indians (2002 -- 2005) Cincinnati Reds (2006 -- 2016) Atlanta Braves (2017) Los Angeles Angels (2017) Boston Red Sox (2018) Career highlights and awards World Series champion (2018) 3 \u00d7 All - Star (2010, 2011, 2013) 4 \u00d7 Gold Glove Award (2008, 2010, 2011, 2013) Silver Slugger Award (2011) Fielding Bible Award (2008) 30 -- 30 club (2007)"]}
{"query": "What is the name of the reservoir fed by the river that the Vyatka connects to?", "answer": "Kuybyshev Reservoir", "gold_docs": ["Kuybyshev Reservoir. Kuybyshev Reservoir or Kuybyshevskoye Reservoir (, \"Kuybyshevskoye Vodokhranilishche\", ), sometimes called Samara Reservoir and informally called Kuybyshev Sea, is a reservoir of the middle Volga and lower Kama in the Chuvash Republic, Mari El Republic, Republic of Tatarstan, Samara Oblast and Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia. The Kuybyshev Reservoir has a surface area of 6,450\u00a0km\u00b2 and a volume of 58\u00a0billion cubic meters. It is the largest reservoir in Europe and third in the world by surface area. The major cities of Kazan, Ulyanovsk, and Tolyatti are adjacent to the reservoir.", "Vyatka River. The Vyatka River (; ; ; , \"Vi\u010de\", , \"Vatka\") is a river in Kirov Oblast and the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia, a right tributary of the Kama River. It is long, and its drainage basin covers ."]}
{"query": "Who plays the man with the largest signature on the declaration of independence in Sons of Liberty?", "answer": "Rafe Spall", "gold_docs": ["Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence. The most famous signature on the engrossed copy is that of John Hancock, who presumably signed first as President of Congress. Hancock's large, flamboyant signature became iconic, and John Hancock emerged in the United States as an informal synonym for ``signature ''. Future presidents Thomas Jefferson and John Adams were among the signatories. Edward Rutledge (age 26) was the youngest signer and Benjamin Franklin (age 70) the oldest.", "Sons of Liberty (miniseries). Ben Barnes as Samuel ``Sam ''Adams Marton Csokas as General Thomas Gage Ryan Eggold as Dr. Joseph Warren Michael Raymond - James as Paul Revere Rafe Spall as John Hancock Henry Thomas as John Adams Jason O'Mara as George Washington Dean Norris as Benjamin Franklin Emily Berrington as Margaret Kemble Gage Sean Gilder as Thomas Hutchinson Kevin J. Ryan as John Pitcairn Shane Taylor as Captain Thomas Preston Jimmy Akingbola as Peter Salem"]}
{"query": "What family does the ruling king of Saudi Arabia come from?", "answer": "Al Saud", "gold_docs": ["King of Saudi Arabia. The kings since Ibn Saud's death have all been his sons, and all likely immediate successors to the reigning King Salman will be from his progeny. Sons of Ibn Saud are considered to have primary claim on the throne of Saudi Arabia. This makes the Saudi monarchy quite distinct from Western monarchies, which usually feature large, clearly defined royal families and orders of succession. The current Crown Prince is the first grandson of Ibn Saud to be in the line of succession.", "Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman bin Muhammad Al Saud. Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman bin Mohammed Al Saud (Arabic:\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f), (born 8 August 1959, Riyadh Saudi Arabia) is a member of Saudi Royal Family. Prince Abdulaziz is reported to be third son of Prince Salman Bin Mohammed Al Saud."]}
{"query": "When did the the river where Southern California gets most of its water, start to form the Grand Canyon?", "answer": "about 5 to 6 million years ago", "gold_docs": ["Water in California. The Colorado River originates more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) from California in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Wyoming and forms the state's southeastern border in the Mojave Desert. Unlike the other California watersheds, essentially all of the water flowing in the Colorado originates outside the state. The Colorado is a critical source of irrigation and urban water for southern California, providing between 55 and 65 percent of the total supply.", "Grand Canyon. Nearly two billion years of Earth's geological history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut their channels through layer after layer of rock while the Colorado Plateau was uplifted. While some aspects about the history of incision of the canyon are debated by geologists, several recent studies support the hypothesis that the Colorado River established its course through the area about 5 to 6 million years ago. Since that time, the Colorado River has driven the down - cutting of the tributaries and retreat of the cliffs, simultaneously deepening and widening the canyon."]}
{"query": "What year did the company Novair International Airways is part of dissolve?", "answer": "1995", "gold_docs": ["The Rank Organisation. In 1995, the Rank Group acquired all the outstanding shares of the Rank Organisation. In spring 1997, Rank sold Rank Film Distributors, including its library of 749 films, to Carlton Television for \u00a365 million and immediately became known as Carlton/RFD Ltd. Pinewood Studios and Odeon Cinemas were both sold off in 2000. The company finally severed its remainings connection with the film industry in 2005 when it sold its DVD distribution business and Deluxe technical support unit.", "Novair International Airways. Novair International Airways was formed on 7 December 1988 following the sole acquisition of Cal Air International by the Rank Organisation."]}
{"query": "What is the sports team the person played for who scored the first touchdown in Superbowl 1?", "answer": "Green Bay Packers", "gold_docs": ["Chi-Chi's Europe. Chi-Chi's Europe is a branch of the Chi-Chi's Tex-Mex restaurant chain founded in 1975 in Richfield, Minnesota, United States by Marno McDermott and former Green Bay Packers gridiron football player Max McGee.", "Super Bowl I. After both teams traded punts on their first possessions of the game, the Packers jumped out to an early 7 -- 0 lead, driving 80 yards in six plays. The drive was highlighted by Starr's passes, to Marv Fleming for 11, to Elijah Pitts for 22 yards on a scramble, and to Carroll Dale for 12 yards. On the last play, Bart Starr threw a pass to reserve receiver Max McGee, who had replaced re-injured starter Boyd Dowler earlier in the drive. (Dowler had injured the shoulder the previous week after scoring a third quarter touchdown; Cowboys defensive back Mike Gaechter had upended him several steps after scoring and he landed awkwardly.) McGee slipped past Chiefs cornerback Willie Mitchell, made a one - handed catch at the 23 - yard line, and then took off for a 37 - yard touchdown reception (McGee had also caught a touchdown pass after replacing an injured Dowler in the NFL championship game). On their ensuing drive, the Chiefs moved the ball to Green Bay's 33 - yard line, but kicker Mike Mercer missed a 40 - yard field goal."]}
{"query": "How did the Japanese beat the country whose government disagreed on the language used to describe the torch route?", "answer": "First Sino-Japanese", "gold_docs": ["Qing dynasty. Qing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper (eighteen provinces) as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km2 in size. There were originally 18 provinces, all of which in China proper, but later this number was increased to 22, with Manchuria and Xinjiang being divided or turned into provinces. Taiwan, originally part of Fujian province, became a province of its own in the late 19th century, but was ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 following the First Sino-Japanese War. In addition, many surrounding countries, such as Korea (Joseon dynasty), Vietnam frequently paid tribute to China during much of this period. Khanate of Kokand were forced to submit as protectorate and pay tribute to the Qing dynasty in China between 1774 and 1798.", "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay. The route carried the torch through six continents from March 2008 to May 2008 to August 2008. The planned route originally included a stop in Taipei between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong, but there was disagreement in Beijing and Taipei over language used to describe whether it was an international or a domestic part of the route. While the Olympic committees of China and Chinese Taipei reached initial consensus on the approach, the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan intervened, stating that this placement could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau, an implication it objected to. The Beijing Organizing Committee attempted to continue negotiation, but further disputes arose over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan. By the midnight deadline for concluding the negotiation on September 21, 2007, Taiwan and China were unable to come to terms with the issue of the Torch Relay. In the end, both sides of the Taiwan Strait decided to eliminate the Taipei leg."]}
{"query": "What language is used by the director of Thenum Vayambum?", "answer": "Hindi", "gold_docs": ["Mahal (1949 film). Mahal (Hindi: \u092e\u0939\u0932, ) is a 1949 Indian Hindi film directed by Kamal Amrohi and starring Ashok Kumar and Madhubala. It was India's first reincarnation thriller film.", "Thenum Vayambum. Thenum Vayambum is a 1981 Malayalam film directed by Ashok Kumar, starring Nedumudi Venu, Prem Nazir and Sumalatha in the leading roles, along with Mohanlal and Rani Padmini."]}
{"query": "Where was the person who founded the American Institute of public opinion in 1935 born?", "answer": "Jefferson", "gold_docs": ["Gallup (company). Gallup, Inc. is an American research - based, global performance - management consulting company. Founded by George Gallup in 1935, the company became known for its public opinion polls conducted worldwide. It provides research and strategic consulting to large organizations in many countries, focusing on ``analytics and advice to help leaders and organizations solve their most pressing problems ''.", "George H. Gallup House. The George H. Gallup House built in 1901 is an historic octagonal house located at 703 South Chestnut Street in Jefferson, Iowa, United States. It was the birthplace and boyhood home of Dr. George Horace Gallup, the pioneer of public opinion polling. On July 18, 1985, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places."]}
{"query": "Which county contains the state having Wonderland Village?", "answer": "Wayne County", "gold_docs": ["Livonia, Michigan. Livonia is a city in the northwest part of Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a large suburb with an array of traditional neighborhoods (most of which were built in the 1950s and 1960s) connected to the metropolitan area by freeways. The population was 96,942 at the 2010 census, making it Michigan's ninth largest municipality. The municipality is a part of Metro Detroit, and is located approximately northwest of downtown Detroit, and less than two miles (3\u00a0km) from the western city limits of Detroit (Redford Township lies between the two).", "Wonderland Village. Wonderland Village is an outdoor shopping center in Livonia, Michigan, United States, a suburb of Detroit. The center is located at the southwest corner of Middlebelt Road and Plymouth Road, approximately one mile south of I-96. Walmart and Target are the complex's anchor stores."]}
{"query": "What language is used by the director of Tiffany Memorandum?", "answer": "Italian", "gold_docs": ["The Violent Patriot. The Violent Patriot () is a 1956 Italian adventure film directed by Sergio Grieco. It is loosely based on real life events of the Italian condottiero Giovanni dalle Bande Nere.", "Tiffany Memorandum. Tiffany Memorandum (also known as \"The Tiffany Memorandum\") is a 1967 Eurospy film directed by Sergio Grieco. It is an international co-production between Italy, France (where the film is known as \"Coup de force \u00e0 Berlin\") and West Germany (where it was released as \"Komm Gorilla, schlag zu!\"). The film is set in Berlin."]}
{"query": "What is the family of the current leader of Saudi Arabia?", "answer": "Al Saud", "gold_docs": ["King of Saudi Arabia. King of Saudi Arabia \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 Royal Standard of Saudi Arabia Incumbent Salman since 23 January 2015 Details Heir apparent Mohammad bin Salman First monarch Ibn Saud Formation 22 September 1932 Residence King's Palace", "Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman bin Muhammad Al Saud. Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman bin Mohammed Al Saud (Arabic:\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f), (born 8 August 1959, Riyadh Saudi Arabia) is a member of Saudi Royal Family. Prince Abdulaziz is reported to be third son of Prince Salman Bin Mohammed Al Saud."]}
{"query": "Who did members of the group who originally performed Kollaps collaborate with?", "answer": "the Birthday Party", "gold_docs": ["Post-punk. In Germany, groups such as Einst\u00fcrzende Neubauten developed a unique style of industrial music, utilizing avant-garde noise, homemade instruments and found objects. Members of that group would later go on to collaborate with members of the Birthday Party. In Brazil, the post-punk scene grew after the generation of Brasilia rock with bands such as Legi\u00e3o Urbana, Capital Inicial and Plebe Rude and then the opening of the music club Madame Sat\u00e3 in S\u00e3o Paulo, with acts like Cabine C, Tit\u00e3s, Patife Band, Fellini and Mercen\u00e1rias, as documented on compilations like The Sexual Life of the Savages and the N\u00e3o Wave/N\u00e3o S\u00e3o Paulo series, released in the UK, Germany and Brazil, respectively.[citation needed]", "Kollaps. Kollaps was the first official LP by Einst\u00fcrzende Neubauten, released in 1981 on German label ZickZack as #ZZ 65. The songs are a mixture of rough punk tunes and industrial noises. The industrial noises were obtained from self-made music machines, electronics, and found objects such as metal plates. The album was reissued in 2002 with \"Stahldubversions\", originally released in 1982. Blixa Bargeld, N.U. Unruh and F.M. Einheit appear on the album. \"Jet'M\" is a cover of the Serge Gainsbourg song \"Je t'aime... moi non plus\". The track 15 of many CD versions of the album is a live version of \"Negativ Nein\", recorded on 26 June 1987 at the Tempodrom in Berlin."]}
{"query": "In which county is the White Castle that Harold and Kumar visit?", "answer": "Camden County", "gold_docs": ["Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle. Investment banker Harold Lee is persuaded by his colleagues to do their work while they leave for the weekend. Kumar Patel attends a medical school interview, but intentionally botches it to prevent getting accepted. Harold is attracted to his neighbor, Maria, but is unable to admit his feelings. After smoking marijuana with Kumar, and seeing an advertisement for White Castle, the pair decide to get hamburgers. After traveling to the nearest White Castle in New Brunswick, they find it replaced by ``Burger Shack ''but learn of another White Castle in Cherry Hill.", "6th Legislative District (New Jersey). New Jersey's 6th Legislative District is one of 40 in the New Jersey Legislature, covering the Burlington County municipality of Maple Shade Township and the Camden County municipalities of Berlin Township, Cherry Hill Township, Collingswood Borough, Gibbsboro Borough, Haddon Township, Haddonfield Borough, Hi-Nella Borough, Merchantville Borough, Oaklyn Borough, Pennsauken Township, Somerdale Borough, Stratford Borough, Tavistock Borough and Voorhees Township as of the 2011 apportionment."]}
{"query": "In what year was the field Montini obtain a doctorate in issued affirming celibacy in the priesthood?", "answer": "1983", "gold_docs": ["Pope Paul VI. Sacerdotalis caelibatus (Latin for \"Of the celibate priesthood\"), promulgated on 24 June 1967, defends the Catholic Church's tradition of priestly celibacy in the West. This encyclical was written in the wake of Vatican II, when the Catholic Church was questioning and revising many long-held practices. Priestly celibacy is considered a discipline rather than dogma, and some had expected that it might be relaxed. In response to these questions, the Pope reaffirms the discipline as a long-held practice with special importance in the Catholic Church. The encyclical Sacerdotalis caelibatus from 24 June 1967, confirms the traditional Church teaching, that celibacy is an ideal state and continues to be mandatory for Roman Catholic priests. Celibacy symbolizes the reality of the kingdom of God amid modern society. The priestly celibacy is closely linked to the sacramental priesthood. However, during his pontificate Paul VI was considered generous in permitting bishops to grant laicization of priests who wanted to leave the sacerdotal state, a position which was drastically reversed by John Paul II in 1980 and cemented in the 1983 Canon Law that only the pope can in exceptional circumstances grant laicization.", "Pope Paul VI. In 1916, he entered the seminary to become a Roman Catholic priest. He was ordained priest on 29 May 1920 in Brescia and celebrated his first Holy Mass in Brescia in the Basilica of Santa Maria delle Grazie. Montini concluded his studies in Milan with a doctorate in Canon Law in the same year. Afterwards he studied at the Gregorian University, the University of Rome La Sapienza and, at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo at the Accademia dei Nobili Ecclesiastici. At the age of twenty-five, again at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo, Montini entered the Secretariat of State in 1922, where he worked under Pizzardo together with Francesco Borgongini-Duca, Alfredo Ottaviani, Carlo Grano, Domenico Tardini and Francis Spellman. Consequently, he spent not a day as a parish priest. In 1925 he helped found the publishing house Morcelliana in Brescia, focused on promoting a 'Christian inspired culture'."]}
{"query": "Who was the first Muslim elected as president of the party formed government in NWFP after the elections of 1937?", "answer": "Badruddin Tayyab Ji", "gold_docs": ["Rahimtulla M. Sayani. Rahimtullah M Sayani was the ``Second Muslim ''to become the`` President of Indian National Congress ''. (First was Badruddin Tayyab Ji)", "1937 Indian provincial elections. The final results of the elections were declared in February 1937. The Indian National Congress emerged in power in eight of the provinces - the three exceptions being Bengal, Punjab, and Sindh. The All - India Muslim League failed to form the government in any province."]}
{"query": "When did the roof gardens above the city where the Albert Memorial and Royal Albert Hall is located open to the public?", "answer": "1980s", "gold_docs": ["Kensington Roof Gardens. The building housed the department store Derry and Toms until 1973, and then Biba until 1975. Since the 1980s the garden has been used as a restaurant and club.", "London. The Monument in the City of London provides views of the surrounding area while commemorating the Great Fire of London, which originated nearby. Marble Arch and Wellington Arch, at the north and south ends of Park Lane respectively, have royal connections, as do the Albert Memorial and Royal Albert Hall in Kensington. Nelson's Column is a nationally recognised monument in Trafalgar Square, one of the focal points of central London. Older buildings are mainly brick built, most commonly the yellow London stock brick or a warm orange-red variety, often decorated with carvings and white plaster mouldings."]}
{"query": "What was the language of the designer of Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re?", "answer": "Italian", "gold_docs": ["Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re. Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re is a Roman Catholic church (minor basilica) in Rome, designed between the 1920s and 1930s by Marcello Piacentini.", "Pio Piacentini. Pio Piacentini (5 September 1846 \u2013 4 April 1928) was an Italian architect, the father of Marcello Piacentini. He is best known for his Palazzo delle Esposizioni in Rome."]}
{"query": "In what year was celibacy in the priesthood affirmed in the ordinances that previously Paul had wanted to reform.", "answer": "1983", "gold_docs": ["Pope Paul VI. Sacerdotalis caelibatus (Latin for \"Of the celibate priesthood\"), promulgated on 24 June 1967, defends the Catholic Church's tradition of priestly celibacy in the West. This encyclical was written in the wake of Vatican II, when the Catholic Church was questioning and revising many long-held practices. Priestly celibacy is considered a discipline rather than dogma, and some had expected that it might be relaxed. In response to these questions, the Pope reaffirms the discipline as a long-held practice with special importance in the Catholic Church. The encyclical Sacerdotalis caelibatus from 24 June 1967, confirms the traditional Church teaching, that celibacy is an ideal state and continues to be mandatory for Roman Catholic priests. Celibacy symbolizes the reality of the kingdom of God amid modern society. The priestly celibacy is closely linked to the sacramental priesthood. However, during his pontificate Paul VI was considered generous in permitting bishops to grant laicization of priests who wanted to leave the sacerdotal state, a position which was drastically reversed by John Paul II in 1980 and cemented in the 1983 Canon Law that only the pope can in exceptional circumstances grant laicization.", "Pope Paul VI. After his election as Bishop of Rome, Paul VI first met with the priests in his new dioceses. He told them that in Milan he started a dialogue with the modern world and asked them to seek contact with all people from all walks of life. Six days after his election he announced that he would continue Vatican II and convened the opening to take place on 29 September 1963. In a radio address to the world, Paul VI recalled the uniqueness of his predecessors, the strength of Pius XI, the wisdom and intelligence of Pius XII and the love of John XXIII. As \"his pontifical goals\" he mentioned the continuation and completion of Vatican II, the reform of the Canon Law and improved social peace and justice in the world. The Unity of Christianity would be central to his activities."]}
{"query": "Who was President of the U.S. following the event which was preceded by Joseph Schumpeter and Norman Angell's most prolific writing ?", "answer": "Thomas Woodrow Wilson", "gold_docs": ["Woodrow Wilson. Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 -- February 3, 1924) was an American statesman and academic who served as the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the President of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910, and as Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913, before winning the 1912 presidential election. As president, he oversaw the passage of progressive legislative policies unparalleled until the New Deal in 1933. He also led the United States during World War I, establishing an activist foreign policy known as ``Wilsonianism. ''He was one of the three key leaders at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, where he championed a new League of Nations, but he was unable to win Senate approval for U.S. participation in the League.", "Imperialism. The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism has long been debated among historians and political theorists. Much of the debate was pioneered by such theorists as J. A. Hobson (1858\u20131940), Joseph Schumpeter (1883\u20131950), Thorstein Veblen (1857\u20131929), and Norman Angell (1872\u20131967). While these non-Marxist writers were at their most prolific before World War I, they remained active in the interwar years. Their combined work informed the study of imperialism and it's impact on Europe, as well as contributed to reflections on the rise of the military-political complex in the United States from the 1950s. Hobson argued that domestic social reforms could cure the international disease of imperialism by removing its economic foundation. Hobson theorized that state intervention through taxation could boost broader consumption, create wealth, and encourage a peaceful, tolerant, multipolar world order."]}
{"query": "When did Tito first visit the person who laid claim to Eritrea and Italian Somaliland in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt?", "answer": "1954", "gold_docs": ["Josip Broz Tito. Tito's foreign policy led to relationships with a variety of governments, such as exchanging visits (1954 and 1956) with Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, where a street was named in his honor.", "Eritrea. In the 1950s, the Ethiopian feudal administration under Emperor Haile Selassie sought to annex Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. He laid claim to both territories in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Paris Peace Conference and at the First Session of the United Nations. In the United Nations, the debate over the fate of the former Italian colonies continued. The British and Americans preferred to cede all of Eritrea except the Western province to the Ethiopians as a reward for their support during World War II. The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty."]}
{"query": "In what era did The Presbyterian Church in the country whose government disagreed on the language used to describe the torch route experience a large growth in members?", "answer": "era of Guomindang", "gold_docs": ["Presbyterianism. The Presbyterian Church in Taiwan (PCT) is by far the largest Protestant denomination in Taiwan, with some 238,372 members as of 2009 (including a majority of the island's aborigines). English Presbyterian missionary James Laidlaw Maxwell established the first Presbyterian church in Tainan in 1865. His colleague George Leslie Mackay, of the Canadian Presbyterian Mission, was active in Danshui and north Taiwan from 1872 to 1901; he founded the island's first university and hospital, and created a written script for Taiwanese Minnan. The English and Canadian missions joined together as the PCT in 1912. One of the few churches permitted to operate in Taiwan through the era of Japanese rule (1895\u20131945), the PCT experienced rapid growth during the era of Guomindang-imposed martial law (1949\u20131987), in part due to its support for democracy, human rights, and Taiwan independence. Former ROC president Lee Teng-hui (in office 1988\u20132000) is a Presbyterian.", "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay. The route carried the torch through six continents from March 2008 to May 2008 to August 2008. The planned route originally included a stop in Taipei between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong, but there was disagreement in Beijing and Taipei over language used to describe whether it was an international or a domestic part of the route. While the Olympic committees of China and Chinese Taipei reached initial consensus on the approach, the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan intervened, stating that this placement could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau, an implication it objected to. The Beijing Organizing Committee attempted to continue negotiation, but further disputes arose over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan. By the midnight deadline for concluding the negotiation on September 21, 2007, Taiwan and China were unable to come to terms with the issue of the Torch Relay. In the end, both sides of the Taiwan Strait decided to eliminate the Taipei leg."]}
{"query": "In the war that followed Joseph Schumpeter's and Norman Angell's most prolific writing period where was the initial German offensive on the Western Front stopped?", "answer": "First Battle of the Marne", "gold_docs": ["Imperialism. The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism has long been debated among historians and political theorists. Much of the debate was pioneered by such theorists as J. A. Hobson (1858\u20131940), Joseph Schumpeter (1883\u20131950), Thorstein Veblen (1857\u20131929), and Norman Angell (1872\u20131967). While these non-Marxist writers were at their most prolific before World War I, they remained active in the interwar years. Their combined work informed the study of imperialism and it's impact on Europe, as well as contributed to reflections on the rise of the military-political complex in the United States from the 1950s. Hobson argued that domestic social reforms could cure the international disease of imperialism by removing its economic foundation. Hobson theorized that state intervention through taxation could boost broader consumption, create wealth, and encourage a peaceful, tolerant, multipolar world order.", "Western Front (World War I). The German Army came within 70 km (43 mi) of Paris but at the First Battle of the Marne (6 -- 12 September), French and British troops were able to force a German retreat by exploiting a gap which appeared between the 1st and 2nd Armies, ending the German advance into France. The German Army retreated north of the Aisne River and dug in there, establishing the beginnings of a static western front that was to last for the next three years. Following this German retirement, the opposing forces made reciprocal outflanking manoeuvres, known as the Race for the Sea and quickly extended their trench systems from the Swiss frontier to the North Sea. The territory occupied by Germany held 64 percent of French pig - iron production, 24 percent of its steel manufacturing and 40 percent of the coal industry -- dealing a serious blow to French industry."]}
{"query": "Where did the author of Ressurrei\u00e7\u00e3o die?", "answer": "Rio de Janeiro", "gold_docs": ["Ressurrei\u00e7\u00e3o. Ressurrei\u00e7\u00e3o (\"Resurrection\") is a novel written by the Brazilian writer Machado de Assis. It was first published in 1872. The author explained in this book that his idea when he wrote the book was put on action this thinking of Shakespeare:", "Machado de Assis. Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis was born on 21 June 1839 in Rio de Janeiro, then capital of the Empire of Brazil. His parents were Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Assis, a mulatto wall painter, the son of freed slaves, and Maria Leopoldina da C\u00e2mara Machado, an Azorean Portuguese washerwoman. He was born in Livramento country house, owned by \"Dona\" Maria Jos\u00e9 de Mendon\u00e7a Barroso Pereira, widow of senator Bento Barroso Pereira, who protected his parents and allowed them to live with her. \"Dona\" Maria Jos\u00e9 became Joaquim's godmother; her brother-in-law, commendatory Joaquim Alberto de Sousa da Silveira, was his godfather, and both were paid homage by giving their names to the baby. Machado had a sister who died young. Joaquim studied in a public school, but was not a good student. While helping to serve masses, he met Father Silveira Sarmento, who became his Latin teacher and also a good friend."]}
{"query": "Who is the child of Liszt's mistress?", "answer": "Cosima Wagner", "gold_docs": ["Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin. Although the two displayed great respect and admiration for each other, their friendship was uneasy and had some qualities of a love-hate relationship. Harold C. Schonberg believes that Chopin displayed a \"tinge of jealousy and spite\" towards Liszt's virtuosity on the piano, and others have also argued that he had become enchanted with Liszt's theatricality, showmanship and success. Liszt was the dedicatee of Chopin's Op. 10 \u00c9tudes, and his performance of them prompted the composer to write to Hiller, \"I should like to rob him of the way he plays my studies.\" However, Chopin expressed annoyance in 1843 when Liszt performed one of his nocturnes with the addition of numerous intricate embellishments, at which Chopin remarked that he should play the music as written or not play it at all, forcing an apology. Most biographers of Chopin state that after this the two had little to do with each other, although in his letters dated as late as 1848 he still referred to him as \"my friend Liszt\". Some commentators point to events in the two men's romantic lives which led to a rift between them; there are claims that Liszt had displayed jealousy of his mistress Marie d'Agoult's obsession with Chopin, while others believe that Chopin had become concerned about Liszt's growing relationship with George Sand.", "Cosima Wagner. Cosima Wagner (born Francesca Gaetana Cosima Liszt; 24 December 1837\u00a0\u2013 1 April 1930) was the illegitimate daughter of the Hungarian pianist and composer Franz Liszt and Marie d'Agoult. She became the second wife of the German composer Richard Wagner, and with him founded the Bayreuth Festival as a showcase for his stage works; after his death she devoted the rest of her life to the promotion of his music and philosophy. Commentators have recognised Cosima as the principal inspiration for Wagner's later works, particularly \"Parsifal\"."]}
{"query": "What years did the person who said \"I think, therefore I am\" live?", "answer": "1596-1650", "gold_docs": ["Materialism. The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of Ren\u00e9 Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist abb\u00e9 Jean Meslier (1664-1729), Julien Offray de La Mettrie, the German-French Paul-Henri Thiry Baron d'Holbach (1723-1789), the Encyclopedist Denis Diderot (1713-1784), and other French Enlightenment thinkers; as well as (in England) John \"Walking\" Stewart (1747-1822), whose insistence in seeing matter as endowed with a moral dimension had a major impact on the philosophical poetry of William Wordsworth (1770-1850).", "Cogito, ergo sum. Cogito, ergo sum is a Latin philosophical proposition by Ren\u00e9 Descartes usually translated into English as ``I think, therefore I am ''. The phrase originally appeared in French as je pense, donc je suis in his Discourse on the Method, so as to reach a wider audience than Latin would have allowed. It appeared in Latin in his later Principles of Philosophy. As Descartes explained,`` we can not doubt of our existence while we doubt...'' A fuller version, articulated by Antoine L\u00e9onard Thomas, aptly captures Descartes's intent: dubito, ergo cogito, ergo sum (``I doubt, therefore I think, therefore I am ''). The concept is also sometimes known as the cogito."]}
{"query": "When was the record label for Lovely Creatures created?", "answer": "2003", "gold_docs": ["Kirtland Records. In 2003, John Kirtland co-founded Kirtland Records with his wife, The Polyphonic Spree choir member Jenny Kirtland. Kirtland Records leveraged the Bush back catalog rights to secure a national distribution deal with RED Distribution, which remains the label's distributor. Kirtland Records went on to become the record label for a number of Texas-based indie bands, including the Burden Brothers, The Polyphonic Spree, Toadies, The Vanished, and Sarah Jaffe.", "Lovely Creatures. Lovely Creatures is the eleventh solo album by Bob Schneider, released on September 29, 2009 through Kirtland Records. It was produced by Dwight Baker. A vinyl version of the album appeared in 2012. It features a duet with Patty Griffin and the single \"40 Dogs (Like Romeo and Juliet)\", supported by a video directed by Robert Rodriguez featuring Kat Dennings. A music video for the track \"The Bringdown\" was directed by Joey Boukadakis."]}
{"query": "What year did the maker of the CMA CGM Vela dissolve?", "answer": "1999", "gold_docs": ["CMA CGM Vela. CMA CGM Vela is a container ship operated by CMA CGM. The ship is owned by Reederei NSB and operated by CMA CGM. The \"CMA CGM Vela\" was finished in 2008 by Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Ltd and delivered to the owner on 19 October 2008. The ship was carrying yard number DSME hull 4125 and after launching it was christened in the ships home port Hamburg, Germany.", "Daewoo. It was founded on 22 March 1967 as \"Daewoo Industrial\" and was declared bankrupt on 1 November 1999, with debts of about US$50 billion (equivalent to $\u00a0billion in ). Prior to the Asian financial crisis, Daewoo was the second largest conglomerate in Korea after the Hyundai Group. There were about 20 divisions under the Daewoo Group, some of which survive today as independent companies."]}
{"query": "When did the institute that gives out the Elliott Cresson Medal award open?", "answer": "1824", "gold_docs": ["Franklin Institute. The Franklin Institute is a science museum and the center of science education and research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is named after the American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, and houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial. Founded in 1824, the Franklin Institute is one of the oldest centers of science education and development in the United States.", "Elliott Cresson Medal. The Elliott Cresson Medal, also known as the Elliott Cresson Gold Medal, was the highest award given by the Franklin Institute. The award was established by Elliott Cresson, life member of the Franklin Institute, with $1,000 granted in 1848. The endowed award was to be \"for some discovery in the Arts and Sciences, or for the invention or improvement of some useful machine, or for some new process or combination of materials in manufactures, or for ingenuity skill or perfection in workmanship.\" The medal was first awarded in 1875, 21 years after Cresson's death."]}
{"query": "What year did the company that built K200 KIFV dissolve?", "answer": "1999", "gold_docs": ["K200 KIFV. The K200 KIFV (Korea Infantry Fighting Vehicle) is a South Korean armoured personnel carrier, originally produced by Daewoo Heavy Industries as a domestic replacement for older armored personnel carriers, such as the M113, in front line service with the Republic of Korea Armed Forces at the time of the K200's development. Since 2009 the K200 has been supplemented by the K21. A total of 2,383 K200 vehicles of all configurations were produced between 1985 and 2006, among which are 111 K200A1 vehicles exported to Malaysia.", "Daewoo. It was founded on 22 March 1967 as \"Daewoo Industrial\" and was declared bankrupt on 1 November 1999, with debts of about US$50 billion (equivalent to $\u00a0billion in ). Prior to the Asian financial crisis, Daewoo was the second largest conglomerate in Korea after the Hyundai Group. There were about 20 divisions under the Daewoo Group, some of which survive today as independent companies."]}
{"query": "In what city did the author of Quincas Borba die?", "answer": "Rio de Janeiro", "gold_docs": ["Quincas Borba. Quincas Borba is a novel written by the Brazilian writer Machado de Assis. It was first published in 1891. It is also known in English as Philosopher or Dog? The novel was principally written as a serial in the journal \"A Esta\u00e7\u00e3o\" from 1886 to 1891. It was definitively published as a book in 1892 with some small but significant changes from the serialized version.", "Machado de Assis. Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis was born on 21 June 1839 in Rio de Janeiro, then capital of the Empire of Brazil. His parents were Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Assis, a mulatto wall painter, the son of freed slaves, and Maria Leopoldina da C\u00e2mara Machado, an Azorean Portuguese washerwoman. He was born in Livramento country house, owned by \"Dona\" Maria Jos\u00e9 de Mendon\u00e7a Barroso Pereira, widow of senator Bento Barroso Pereira, who protected his parents and allowed them to live with her. \"Dona\" Maria Jos\u00e9 became Joaquim's godmother; her brother-in-law, commendatory Joaquim Alberto de Sousa da Silveira, was his godfather, and both were paid homage by giving their names to the baby. Machado had a sister who died young. Joaquim studied in a public school, but was not a good student. While helping to serve masses, he met Father Silveira Sarmento, who became his Latin teacher and also a good friend."]}
{"query": "Where did the author of Mem\u00f3rias P\u00f3stumas die?", "answer": "Rio de Janeiro", "gold_docs": ["Mem\u00f3rias P\u00f3stumas. Mem\u00f3rias P\u00f3stumas (known in English as Posthumous Memoirs and Posthumous Memories) is a 2001 comedy-drama film directed by Andr\u00e9 Klotzel based on \"The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas\" by Machado de Assis. It follows Br\u00e1s Cubas, played by Reginaldo Faria and Petr\u00f4nio Gontijo, as he recounts his life after his death.", "Machado de Assis. Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis was born on 21 June 1839 in Rio de Janeiro, then capital of the Empire of Brazil. His parents were Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Assis, a mulatto wall painter, the son of freed slaves, and Maria Leopoldina da C\u00e2mara Machado, an Azorean Portuguese washerwoman. He was born in Livramento country house, owned by \"Dona\" Maria Jos\u00e9 de Mendon\u00e7a Barroso Pereira, widow of senator Bento Barroso Pereira, who protected his parents and allowed them to live with her. \"Dona\" Maria Jos\u00e9 became Joaquim's godmother; her brother-in-law, commendatory Joaquim Alberto de Sousa da Silveira, was his godfather, and both were paid homage by giving their names to the baby. Machado had a sister who died young. Joaquim studied in a public school, but was not a good student. While helping to serve masses, he met Father Silveira Sarmento, who became his Latin teacher and also a good friend."]}
{"query": "Where was the place where Chopin's father got a teaching position moved to?", "answer": "Kazimierz Palace", "gold_docs": ["Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin. In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lessons to boys in the boarding house that the Chopins kept. Chopin was of slight build, and even in early childhood was prone to illnesses.", "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin. In 1817 the Saxon Palace was requisitioned by Warsaw's Russian governor for military use, and the Warsaw Lyceum was reestablished in the Kazimierz Palace (today the rectorate of Warsaw University). Fryderyk and his family moved to a building, which still survives, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace. During this period, Fryderyk was sometimes invited to the Belweder Palace as playmate to the son of the ruler of Russian Poland, Grand Duke Constantine; he played the piano for the Duke and composed a march for him. Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, in his dramatic eclogue, \"Nasze Przebiegi\" (\"Our Discourses\", 1818), attested to \"little Chopin's\" popularity."]}
{"query": "The person coming up with the cartesian coordinate system lived from what year to what year?", "answer": "1596-1650", "gold_docs": ["Cartesian coordinate system. The invention of Cartesian coordinates in the 17th century by Ren\u00e9 Descartes (Latinized name: Cartesius) revolutionized mathematics by providing the first systematic link between Euclidean geometry and algebra. Using the Cartesian coordinate system, geometric shapes (such as curves) can be described by Cartesian equations: algebraic equations involving the coordinates of the points lying on the shape. For example, a circle of radius 2, centered at the origin of the plane, may be described as the set of all points whose coordinates x and y satisfy the equation x + y = 4.", "Materialism. The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of Ren\u00e9 Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist abb\u00e9 Jean Meslier (1664-1729), Julien Offray de La Mettrie, the German-French Paul-Henri Thiry Baron d'Holbach (1723-1789), the Encyclopedist Denis Diderot (1713-1784), and other French Enlightenment thinkers; as well as (in England) John \"Walking\" Stewart (1747-1822), whose insistence in seeing matter as endowed with a moral dimension had a major impact on the philosophical poetry of William Wordsworth (1770-1850)."]}
{"query": "When did the institution that awards the John Price Wetherill Medal open?", "answer": "1824", "gold_docs": ["Franklin Institute. The Franklin Institute is a science museum and the center of science education and research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is named after the American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, and houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial. Founded in 1824, the Franklin Institute is one of the oldest centers of science education and development in the United States.", "John Price Wetherill Medal. The John Price Wetherill Medal was an award of the Franklin Institute. It was established with a bequest given by the family of John Price Wetherill (1844\u20131906) on April 3, 1917. On June 10, 1925, the Board of Managers voted to create a silver medal, to be awarded for \"discovery or invention in the physical sciences\" or \"new and important combinations of principles or methods already known\". The legend on the first medal read: \"for discovery, invention, or development in the physical sciences\". The John Price Wetherill Medal was last awarded in 1997. As of 1998 all of the endowed medals previously awarded by the Franklin Institute were reorganized as the Benjamin Franklin Medals."]}
{"query": "When did the person who said \"I think, therefore I am\" live?", "answer": "1596-1650", "gold_docs": ["Cogito, ergo sum. Cogito ergo sum is a Latin philosophical proposition by Ren\u00e9 Descartes usually translated into English as ``I think, therefore I am ''. The phrase originally appeared in French as je pense, donc je suis in his Discourse on the Method, so as to reach a wider audience than Latin would have allowed. It appeared in Latin in his later Principles of Philosophy. As Descartes explained,`` we can not doubt of our existence while we doubt...'' A fuller form, penned by Antoine L\u00e9onard Thomas, aptly captures Descartes's intent: dubito, ergo cogito, ergo sum (``I doubt, therefore I think, therefore I am ''). The concept is also sometimes known as the cogito.", "Materialism. The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of Ren\u00e9 Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist abb\u00e9 Jean Meslier (1664-1729), Julien Offray de La Mettrie, the German-French Paul-Henri Thiry Baron d'Holbach (1723-1789), the Encyclopedist Denis Diderot (1713-1784), and other French Enlightenment thinkers; as well as (in England) John \"Walking\" Stewart (1747-1822), whose insistence in seeing matter as endowed with a moral dimension had a major impact on the philosophical poetry of William Wordsworth (1770-1850)."]}
{"query": "What record label does the singer in 4 non blondes sign?", "answer": "Custard Records", "gold_docs": ["Linda Perry. Linda Perry (born April 15, 1965) is an American singer - songwriter, musician, and record producer. She first became known as the lead singer and primary songwriter of 4 Non Blondes and has since founded two record labels and composed and produced hit songs for several other artists. They include: ``Beautiful ''by Christina Aguilera;`` What You Waiting For?'' by Gwen Stefani; and ``Get the Party Started ''by P! nk. Perry has also contributed to albums by Adele, Alicia Keys, and Courtney Love, as well as signing and distributing James Blunt in the United States. Perry was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2015.", "Ex-Sensitive. Ex-Sensitive is the second album by Scottish/American singer Ben Jelen and is his first release on Linda Perry's Custard Records. The first single, \"Where Do We Go\", failed to chart in the US."]}
{"query": "When was the record label that released Buried In Your Black Heart created?", "answer": "2003", "gold_docs": ["Kirtland Records. In 2003, John Kirtland co-founded Kirtland Records with his wife, The Polyphonic Spree choir member Jenny Kirtland. Kirtland Records leveraged the Bush back catalog rights to secure a national distribution deal with RED Distribution, which remains the label's distributor. Kirtland Records went on to become the record label for a number of Texas-based indie bands, including the Burden Brothers, The Polyphonic Spree, Toadies, The Vanished, and Sarah Jaffe.", "Buried in Your Black Heart. Due to the relative success of the album, the band began touring as opening acts for Velvet Revolver, Papa Roach, and Finger Eleven. This touring eventually led to the recording of a live DVD entitled RYFOLAMF. During this time, the band also recruited Casey Hess for remaining tour dates and future recordings. This album is one of Kirtland Records highest-selling albums to date."]}
{"query": "What family does the mother of Louise of Great Britain belong to?", "answer": "House of Hohenzollern", "gold_docs": ["Louise of Great Britain. Louise of Great Britain (originally Louisa; 18 December 1724 \u2013 19 December 1751) was Queen of Denmark and Norway from 1746 until her death, as the first wife of King Frederick V. She was the youngest surviving daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach.", "Caroline of Ansbach. Her father, Margrave John Frederick of Brandenburg-Ansbach, belonged to a branch of the House of Hohenzollern and was the ruler of a small German state, the Principality of Ansbach. Caroline was orphaned at a young age and moved to the enlightened court of her guardians, King Frederick I and Queen Sophia Charlotte of Prussia. At the Prussian court, her previously limited education was widened, and she adopted the liberal outlook possessed by Sophia Charlotte, who became her good friend and whose views influenced Caroline all her life."]}
{"query": "When was the last time the team that beat the Patriots in the Super Bowl was 0-5?", "answer": "October 6", "gold_docs": ["Super Bowl XLII. Super Bowl XLII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2007 season. The Giants defeated the Patriots by the score of 17 -- 14. The game was played on February 3, 2008, at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona.", "2013 New York Giants season. Week Date Opponent Result Record Game site NFL.com recap September 8 at Dallas Cowboys L 31 -- 36 0 -- 1 AT&T Stadium Recap September 15 Denver Broncos L 23 -- 41 0 -- 2 MetLife Stadium Recap September 22 at Carolina Panthers L 0 -- 38 0 -- 3 Bank of America Stadium Recap September 29 at Kansas City Chiefs L 7 -- 31 0 -- 4 Arrowhead Stadium Recap 5 October 6 Philadelphia Eagles L 21 -- 36 0 -- 5 MetLife Stadium Recap 6 October 10 at Chicago Bears L 21 -- 27 0 -- 6 Soldier Field Recap 7 October 21 Minnesota Vikings W 23 -- 7 1 -- 6 MetLife Stadium Recap 8 October 27 at Philadelphia Eagles W 15 -- 7 2 -- 6 Lincoln Financial Field Recap 9 Bye 10 November 10 Oakland Raiders W 24 -- 20 3 -- 6 MetLife Stadium Recap 11 November 17 Green Bay Packers W 27 -- 13 4 -- 6 MetLife Stadium Recap 12 November 24 Dallas Cowboys L 21 -- 24 4 -- 7 MetLife Stadium Recap 13 December 1 at Washington Redskins W 24 -- 17 5 -- 7 FedExField Recap 14 December 8 at San Diego Chargers L 14 -- 37 5 -- 8 Qualcomm Stadium Recap 15 December 15 Seattle Seahawks L 0 -- 23 5 -- 9 MetLife Stadium Recap 16 December 22 at Detroit Lions W 23 -- 20 (OT) 6 -- 9 Ford Field Recap 17 December 29 Washington Redskins W 20 -- 6 7 -- 9 MetLife Stadium Recap"]}
{"query": "What is the record label for the singer of 4 Non Blondes?", "answer": "Custard Records", "gold_docs": ["Linda Perry. Linda Perry (born April 15, 1965) is an American singer - songwriter and record producer. She first became known as the lead singer and primary songwriter of 4 Non Blondes and has since founded two record labels and composed and produced hit songs for several other artists. They include: ``Beautiful ''by Christina Aguilera;`` What You Waiting For?'' by Gwen Stefani; and ``Get the Party Started ''by P! nk. Perry has also contributed to albums by Adele, Alicia Keys, and Courtney Love, as well as signing and distributing James Blunt in the United States. Perry was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2015.", "Ex-Sensitive. Ex-Sensitive is the second album by Scottish/American singer Ben Jelen and is his first release on Linda Perry's Custard Records. The first single, \"Where Do We Go\", failed to chart in the US."]}
{"query": "When did the organization that gives out the Frank P. Brown Medal open?", "answer": "1824", "gold_docs": ["Franklin Institute. The Franklin Institute is a science museum and the center of science education and research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is named after the American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, and houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial. Founded in 1824, the Franklin Institute is one of the oldest centers of science education and development in the United States.", "Frank P. Brown Medal. The Frank P. Brown Medal was formerly awarded by the Franklin Institute for excellence in science, engineering, and structures. It was established by the 1938 will of Franklin Pierce Brown, a member of the Master Plumbers Association."]}
{"query": "when was the last Super Bowl won by the team the Patriots lost to in the Super Bowl?", "answer": "2011", "gold_docs": ["New York Giants. Year Coach Super Bowl Location Opponent Score Record 1986 Bill Parcells XXI Pasadena, CA Denver Broncos 39 -- 20 17 -- 2 1990 Bill Parcells XXV Tampa, FL Buffalo Bills 20 -- 19 16 -- 3 2007 Tom Coughlin XLII Glendale, AZ New England Patriots 17 -- 14 14 -- 6 2011 Tom Coughlin XLVI Indianapolis, IN New England Patriots 21 -- 17 13 -- 7 Total Super Bowls won: 4", "Super Bowl XLII. Super Bowl XLII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2007 season. The Giants defeated the Patriots by the score of 17 -- 14. The game was played on February 3, 2008, at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona."]}
{"query": "Who is the child of the host of the gathering where Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric was introduced to George Sand?", "answer": "Cosima Wagner", "gold_docs": ["Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin. In 1836, at a party hosted by Marie d'Agoult, Chopin met the French author George Sand (born [Amantine] Aurore [Lucile] Dupin). Short (under five feet, or 152 cm), dark, big-eyed and a cigar smoker, she initially repelled Chopin, who remarked, \"What an unattractive person la Sand is. Is she really a woman?\" However, by early 1837 Maria Wodzi\u0144ska's mother had made it clear to Chopin in correspondence that a marriage with her daughter was unlikely to proceed. It is thought that she was influenced by his poor health and possibly also by rumours about his associations with women such as d'Agoult and Sand. Chopin finally placed the letters from Maria and her mother in a package on which he wrote, in Polish, \"My tragedy\". Sand, in a letter to Grzyma\u0142a of June 1838, admitted strong feelings for the composer and debated whether to abandon a current affair in order to begin a relationship with Chopin; she asked Grzyma\u0142a to assess Chopin's relationship with Maria Wodzi\u0144ska, without realising that the affair, at least from Maria's side, was over.", "Cosima Wagner. Cosima Wagner (born Francesca Gaetana Cosima Liszt; 24 December 1837\u00a0\u2013 1 April 1930) was the illegitimate daughter of the Hungarian pianist and composer Franz Liszt and Marie d'Agoult. She became the second wife of the German composer Richard Wagner, and with him founded the Bayreuth Festival as a showcase for his stage works; after his death she devoted the rest of her life to the promotion of his music and philosophy. Commentators have recognised Cosima as the principal inspiration for Wagner's later works, particularly \"Parsifal\"."]}
{"query": "What is the family of Prince George William of Great Britain's mother", "answer": "House of Hohenzollern", "gold_docs": ["Caroline of Ansbach. Her father, Margrave John Frederick of Brandenburg-Ansbach, belonged to a branch of the House of Hohenzollern and was the ruler of a small German state, the Principality of Ansbach. Caroline was orphaned at a young age and moved to the enlightened court of her guardians, King Frederick I and Queen Sophia Charlotte of Prussia. At the Prussian court, her previously limited education was widened, and she adopted the liberal outlook possessed by Sophia Charlotte, who became her good friend and whose views influenced Caroline all her life.", "Prince George William of Great Britain. Prince George William of Great Britain (13 November 1717 \u2013 17 February 1718) was an infant member of the British royal family, second son of King George II and Caroline of Ansbach who, at the time of his birth, were the Prince and Princess of Wales. He died aged 3 months, 4 days."]}
{"query": "Which family is the mother of Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange's a member of?", "answer": "House of Hohenzollern", "gold_docs": ["Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange. Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange (2 November 1709 \u2013 12 January 1759) was the second child and eldest daughter of King George II of Great Britain and his consort Caroline of Ansbach. She was the spouse of William IV, Prince of Orange, the first hereditary stadtholder of all seven provinces of the Northern Netherlands. She was Regent of the Netherlands from 1751 until her death in 1759, exercising extensive powers on behalf of her son William V. She was known as an Anglophile, due to her English upbringing and family connections, but was unable to convince the Dutch Republic to enter the Seven Years' War on the side of the British. Princess Anne was the second daughter of a British sovereign to hold the title Princess Royal. In the Netherlands she was sometimes known as Anna van Hannover.", "Caroline of Ansbach. Her father, Margrave John Frederick of Brandenburg-Ansbach, belonged to a branch of the House of Hohenzollern and was the ruler of a small German state, the Principality of Ansbach. Caroline was orphaned at a young age and moved to the enlightened court of her guardians, King Frederick I and Queen Sophia Charlotte of Prussia. At the Prussian court, her previously limited education was widened, and she adopted the liberal outlook possessed by Sophia Charlotte, who became her good friend and whose views influenced Caroline all her life."]}
{"query": "Who was the first president from the party following the Anti-Administration Party?", "answer": "Jefferson", "gold_docs": ["Democratic-Republican Party. The party was strongest in the South and weakest in the Northeast. It demanded states' rights as expressed by the ``Principles of 1798 ''articulated in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions that would allow states to nullify a federal law. Above all, the party stood for the primacy of the yeoman farmers. Republicans were deeply committed to the principles of republicanism, which they feared were threatened by the supposed monarchical tendencies of the Hamiltonian Federalists. The party came to power in 1801 with the election of Jefferson in the 1800 presidential election. The Federalists -- too elitist to appeal to most people -- faded away and totally collapsed after 1815. Despite internal divisions, the Republicans dominated the First Party System until partisanship itself withered away during the Era of Good Feelings after 1816.", "1794 and 1795 United States Senate elections. The United States Senate elections of 1794 and 1795 were elections that had the formation of organized political parties in the United States, with the Federalist Party emerging from the Pro Administration coalition, and the Democratic-Republican Party emerging from the Anti-Administration coalition."]}
{"query": "When was the super bowl won by the team that the Patriots lost to?", "answer": "2011", "gold_docs": ["New York Giants. Year Coach Super Bowl Location Opponent Score Record 1986 Bill Parcells XXI Pasadena, CA Denver Broncos 39 -- 20 17 -- 2 1990 Bill Parcells XXV Tampa, FL Buffalo Bills 20 -- 19 16 -- 3 2007 Tom Coughlin XLII Glendale, AZ New England Patriots 17 -- 14 14 -- 6 2011 Tom Coughlin XLVI Indianapolis, IN New England Patriots 21 -- 17 13 -- 7 Total Super Bowls won: 4", "Super Bowl XLII. Super Bowl XLII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2007 season. The Giants defeated the Patriots by the score of 17 -- 14. The game was played on February 3, 2008, at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona."]}
{"query": "During what years did Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric take lessons at the academy where Chopin's father once had a teaching position?", "answer": "1823 to 1826", "gold_docs": ["Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin. In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lessons to boys in the boarding house that the Chopins kept. Chopin was of slight build, and even in early childhood was prone to illnesses.", "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin. From September 1823 to 1826 Chopin attended the Warsaw Lyceum, where he received organ lessons from the Czech musician Wilhelm W\u00fcrfel during his first year. In the autumn of 1826 he began a three-year course under the Silesian composer J\u00f3zef Elsner at the Warsaw Conservatory, studying music theory, figured bass and composition.[n 3] Throughout this period he continued to compose and to give recitals in concerts and salons in Warsaw. He was engaged by the inventors of a mechanical organ, the \"eolomelodicon\", and on this instrument in May 1825 he performed his own improvisation and part of a concerto by Moscheles. The success of this concert led to an invitation to give a similar recital on the instrument before Tsar Alexander I, who was visiting Warsaw; the Tsar presented him with a diamond ring. At a subsequent eolomelodicon concert on 10 June 1825, Chopin performed his Rondo Op. 1. This was the first of his works to be commercially published and earned him his first mention in the foreign press, when the Leipzig Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung praised his \"wealth of musical ideas\"."]}
{"query": "Who mothered the hostess of the party where Chopin met George Sand?", "answer": "Cosima Wagner", "gold_docs": ["Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin. In 1836, at a party hosted by Marie d'Agoult, Chopin met the French author George Sand (born [Amantine] Aurore [Lucile] Dupin). Short (under five feet, or 152 cm), dark, big-eyed and a cigar smoker, she initially repelled Chopin, who remarked, \"What an unattractive person la Sand is. Is she really a woman?\" However, by early 1837 Maria Wodzi\u0144ska's mother had made it clear to Chopin in correspondence that a marriage with her daughter was unlikely to proceed. It is thought that she was influenced by his poor health and possibly also by rumours about his associations with women such as d'Agoult and Sand. Chopin finally placed the letters from Maria and her mother in a package on which he wrote, in Polish, \"My tragedy\". Sand, in a letter to Grzyma\u0142a of June 1838, admitted strong feelings for the composer and debated whether to abandon a current affair in order to begin a relationship with Chopin; she asked Grzyma\u0142a to assess Chopin's relationship with Maria Wodzi\u0144ska, without realising that the affair, at least from Maria's side, was over.", "Cosima Wagner. Cosima Wagner (born Francesca Gaetana Cosima Liszt; 24 December 1837\u00a0\u2013 1 April 1930) was the illegitimate daughter of the Hungarian pianist and composer Franz Liszt and Marie d'Agoult. She became the second wife of the German composer Richard Wagner, and with him founded the Bayreuth Festival as a showcase for his stage works; after his death she devoted the rest of her life to the promotion of his music and philosophy. Commentators have recognised Cosima as the principal inspiration for Wagner's later works, particularly \"Parsifal\"."]}
{"query": "In what year did the agency that maintains the Presidential Library system become independent?", "answer": "1985", "gold_docs": ["National Archives and Records Administration. NARA also maintains the Presidential Library system, a nationwide network of libraries for preserving and making available the documents of U.S. presidents since Herbert Hoover. The Presidential Libraries include:", "National Archives and Records Administration. Originally, each branch and agency of the U.S. government was responsible for maintaining its own documents, which often resulted in records loss and destruction. Congress established the National Archives Establishment in 1934 to centralize federal record keeping, with the Archivist of the United States as chief administrator. The National Archives was incorporated with GSA in 1949; in 1985 it became an independent agency as NARA (National Archives and Records Administration)."]}
{"query": "In what year did the South Korean car manufacturer that purchased the factor in 1995 dissolve?", "answer": "1999", "gold_docs": ["Warsaw. The FSO Car Factory was established in 1951. A number of vehicles have been assembled there over the decades, including the Warszawa, Syrena, Fiat 125p (under license from Fiat, later renamed FSO 125p when the license expired) and the Polonez. The last two models listed were also sent abroad and assembled in a number of other countries, including Egypt and Colombia. In 1995 the factory was purchased by the South Korean car manufacturer Daewoo, which assembled the Tico, Espero, Nubia, Tacuma, Leganza, Lanos and Matiz there for the European market. In 2005 the factory was sold to AvtoZAZ, a Ukrainian car manufacturer which assembled there the Chevrolet Aveo. The license for the production of the Aveo expired in February 2011 and has since not been renewed. Currently the company is defunct.", "Daewoo. It was founded on 22 March 1967 as \"Daewoo Industrial\" and was declared bankrupt on 1 November 1999, with debts of about US$50 billion (equivalent to $\u00a0billion in ). Prior to the Asian financial crisis, Daewoo was the second largest conglomerate in Korea after the Hyundai Group. There were about 20 divisions under the Daewoo Group, some of which survive today as independent companies."]}
{"query": "What was a notable work of the Chet Holifield Federal Building designer?", "answer": "Transamerica Pyramid", "gold_docs": ["William Pereira. William Leonard Pereira (April 25, 1909 \u2013 November 13, 1985) was an American architect from Chicago, Illinois, who was noted for his futuristic designs of landmark buildings such as the Transamerica Pyramid in San Francisco. Remarkably prolific, he worked out of Los Angeles, and was known for his love of science fiction and expensive cars, but mostly for his unmistakable style of architecture, which helped define the look of mid-20th century America.", "Chet Holifield Federal Building. The Chet Holifield Federal Building, colloquially known as \"the Ziggurat Building\", is a United States government building at 24000 Avila Road in Laguna Niguel, California built between 1968 and 1971, originally for North American Aviation/Rockwell International, and designed by William Pereira. It is managed by the General Services Administration."]}
{"query": "What establishment today contains what was known as the place Chopin's father got a teaching position during that time?", "answer": "Warsaw University", "gold_docs": ["Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin. In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lessons to boys in the boarding house that the Chopins kept. Chopin was of slight build, and even in early childhood was prone to illnesses.", "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin. In 1817 the Saxon Palace was requisitioned by Warsaw's Russian governor for military use, and the Warsaw Lyceum was reestablished in the Kazimierz Palace (today the rectorate of Warsaw University). Fryderyk and his family moved to a building, which still survives, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace. During this period, Fryderyk was sometimes invited to the Belweder Palace as playmate to the son of the ruler of Russian Poland, Grand Duke Constantine; he played the piano for the Duke and composed a march for him. Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, in his dramatic eclogue, \"Nasze Przebiegi\" (\"Our Discourses\", 1818), attested to \"little Chopin's\" popularity."]}
{"query": "When did the sports team having Ger\u00f3nimo Berroa win their last world series?", "answer": "1993", "gold_docs": ["Ger\u00f3nimo Berroa. After the season, he signed as a free agent with the Oakland Athletics, and had his best years with that team. Berroa's best season was 1996 when he hit 36 home runs with 106 RBIs for the Athletics. He spent the next three seasons with the Baltimore Orioles, Cleveland Indians, Detroit Tigers, Blue Jays, and Los Angeles Dodgers.", "Toronto Blue Jays. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the Blue Jays went through struggles typical of an expansion team, frequently finishing in last place in its division. In 1983, the team had its first winning season and two years later, they became division champions. From 1985 to 1993, they were an AL East powerhouse, winning five division championships in nine seasons, including three consecutive from 1991 to 1993. During that run, the team also became back - to - back World Series champions in 1992 and 1993, led by a core group of award - winning All - Star players, including Hall of Famer Roberto Alomar, Joe Carter, John Olerud, and Devon White. The Blue Jays became the first (and, to date, only) team outside the US to appear in and win a World Series, and the fastest AL expansion team to do so, winning in its 16th year. After 1993, the Blue Jays failed to qualify for the playoffs for 21 consecutive seasons, until clinching a playoff berth and division championship in 2015. The team clinched a second consecutive playoff berth in 2016, after securing an AL wild card position. Both years, the Jays won the AL Division Series but lost the AL Championship Series."]}