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4,106
Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/ SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent Date: 2016-09-21...
Which two seasons were identified for trends in virus circulation??
{ "answer_start": [ 6299 ], "text": [ "winter season during weeks 23 to 39 between June and September and summer season during the rest of the year." ] }
false
4,107
Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/ SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent Date: 2016-09-21...
Which were the most frequently identified respiratory pathogens?
{ "answer_start": [ 7961 ], "text": [ " rhinovirus (23.4%), influenza A not H1N1 (21.2%) and influenza B (12.6%) " ] }
false
4,108
Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/ SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent Date: 2016-09-21...
What were detected only in summer?
{ "answer_start": [ 8504 ], "text": [ "Human Metapneumovirus, RSV A and B, and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09" ] }
false
4,109
Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/ SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent Date: 2016-09-21...
What viruses were identified only in winter?
{ "answer_start": [ 8769 ], "text": [ "Parainfluenza 1,2 and 4 viruses" ] }
false
4,111
Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/ SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent Date: 2016-09-21...
Respiratory viral pathogens were present in what percentage of samples?
{ "answer_start": [ 9941 ], "text": [ "76.1" ] }
false
4,112
Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/ SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent Date: 2016-09-21...
What did the study highlight?
{ "answer_start": [ 10537 ], "text": [ "several co-infections, showing that concomitant the multiple etiology of ILI" ] }
false
4,113
Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/ SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent Date: 2016-09-21...
How many swabs remained without etiology?
{ "answer_start": [ 11673 ], "text": [ " 53 swabs, representing 24% of the sample" ] }
false
4,114
Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/ SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent Date: 2016-09-21...
What hypotheses can explain this result?
{ "answer_start": [ 11842 ], "text": [ " a poor quality of swabs, preventing from identifying a pathogen, noninfectious causes or other pathogens not included in the multiplex PCR." ] }
false
4,115
Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/ SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent Date: 2016-09-21...
What could not be tested for?
{ "answer_start": [ 12032 ], "text": [ "RNAse P, a marker of human cells," ] }
false
4,116
Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/ SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent Date: 2016-09-21...
What does this study highlight?
{ "answer_start": [ 13427 ], "text": [ " circulation of multiple pathogens in Réunion Island throughout the year." ] }
false
4,117
Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/ SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent Date: 2016-09-21...
What does the study show?
{ "answer_start": [ 13510 ], "text": [ "that ILI is not specific to influenza and so it is essential to have biological results in order to establish the differential diagnosis and thus explain the etiology of symptoms." ] }
false
4,118
Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/ SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent Date: 2016-09-21...
What would be interesting to do?
{ "answer_start": [ 14153 ], "text": [ "to repeat this study every 3 or 5 years adding clinical data to monitor the evolution of respiratory pathogens in Réunion Island over time." ] }
false
3,593
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
What is it most similar to?
{ "answer_start": [ 1035 ], "text": [ "bat beta-coronaviruses, with the highest being >96% identity " ] }
false
3,589
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
How many people were affected as of Feb. 10, 2020?
{ "answer_start": [ 447 ], "text": [ "greater than 40,000" ] }
false
3,590
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
How is the SARS-CoV-2 referred to?
{ "answer_start": [ 629 ], "text": [ " as coronavirus disease discovered in 2019 (COVID-19)" ] }
false
3,592
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
How much similarity the SARS-COV-2 genome sequence has with SARS-COV?
{ "answer_start": [ 975 ], "text": [ "∼80% identity with SARS-CoV" ] }
false
3,594
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
what similarity human SARS-COV and palm civet SARSlike COV share?
{ "answer_start": [ 1505 ], "text": [ " 99.8% homology, with a total of 202 single-nucleotide (nt) variations (SNVs) identified across the genome " ] }
false
3,595
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
How much is the difference between the human SARS-CoV-2 and the bat RaTG13-CoV?
{ "answer_start": [ 1639 ], "text": [ "greater than 1,100 nt " ] }
false
3,596
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
Why is it highly unlikely that RaTG13 CoV is the immediate source of SARS-CoV-2.
{ "answer_start": [ 1737 ], "text": [ "are distributed throughout the genome in a naturally occurring pattern following the evolutionary characteristics typical of CoVs" ] }
false
3,597
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
What are the most revealing signs that SARS-CoV-2 evolved by natural evolution.
{ "answer_start": [ 1945 ], "text": [ "The absence of a logical targeted pattern in the new viral sequences and a close relative in a wildlife species (bat" ] }
false
3,598
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
What did the Nature Medicine paper report?
{ "answer_start": [ 2585 ], "text": [ "the construction of a chimeric CoV with a bat CoV S gene (SHC014) in the backbone of a SARS CoV that has adapted to infect mice (MA15) and is capable of infecting human cells" ] }
false
3,599
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
Why does the claim lack any scientific basis?
{ "answer_start": [ 2835 ], "text": [ " because of significant divergence in the genetic sequence of this construct with the new SARS-CoV-2 (>5,000 nucleotides)." ] }
false
3,600
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
How was the mouse-adapted SARS virus (MA15) generated?
{ "answer_start": [ 3013 ], "text": [ "by serial passage of an infectious wildtype SARS CoV clone in the respiratory tract of BALB/c mice." ] }
false
3,601
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
How did the SARS-CoV gain elevated replication and lung pathogenesis in aged mice ?
{ "answer_start": [ 3229 ], "text": [ "due to six coding genetic mutations associated with mouse adaptation. " ] }
false
3,602
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
Why is it likely that MA15 is highly attenuated to replicate in human cells?
{ "answer_start": [ 3383 ], "text": [ "due to the mouse adaptation." ] }
false
3,604
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
Why were civets proposed to be an intermediate host of the bat-CoVs, capable of spreading SARS CoV to humans?
{ "answer_start": [ 3414 ], "text": [ "t was proposed that the S gene from bat-derived CoV, unlike that from human patients-or civetsderived viruses, was unable to use human ACE2 as a receptor for entry into human cells " ] }
false
3,605
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
What was the finding in 2013?
{ "answer_start": [ 3738 ], "text": [ "several novel bat coronaviruses were isolated from Chinese horseshoe bats and the bat SARS-like or SL-CoV-WIV1 was able to use ACE2 from humans, civets and Chinese horseshoe bats for entry " ] }
false
3,606
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
Why is it proposed that some bat SL-CoVs may be able to directly infect human hosts?
{ "answer_start": [ 3933 ], "text": [ "Combined with evolutionary evidence that the bat ACE2 gene has been positively selected at the same contact sites as the human ACE2 gene for interacting with SARS CoV [" ] }
false
3,607
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
What was done to test if an intermediate host may not be necessary and that some bat SL-CoVs may be able to directly infect human hosts. T
{ "answer_start": [ 4277 ], "text": [ " the exact S gene from bat coronavirus SL-SHC014 was synthesized and used to generate a chimeric virus in the mouse adapted MA15 SARS-CoV backbone. " ] }
false
3,608
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
What were the results of this test?
{ "answer_start": [ 4425 ], "text": [ "The resultant SL-SHC014-MA15 virus could indeed efficiently use human ACE2 and replicate in primary human airway cells to similar titres as epidemic strains of SARS-CoV. While SL-SHC014-MA15 can replicate efficiently in young and aged mouse lungs, infection was atten...
false
3,609
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
Why were experiments with SL-SHC014-MA15 chimeric virus were later restricted?
{ "answer_start": [ 5059 ], "text": [ "as gain of function (GOF) studies under the US government-mandated pause policy " ] }
false
3,610
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
Why is there no credible evidence to support the claim that the SARS-CoV-2 is derived from the chimeric SL-SHC014-MA15 virus?
{ "answer_start": [ 5474 ], "text": [ "upon careful phylogenetic analyses by multiple international groups [5, 14] , the SARS-CoV-2 is undoubtedly distinct from SL-SHC014-MA15, with >6,000 nucleotide differences across the whole genome." ] }
false
3,611
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
What did the rumour that the virus was made by humans in the lab, claim?
{ "answer_start": [ 6049 ], "text": [ "that SARS-CoV-2 has HIV sequence in it and was thus likely generated in the laboratory. I" ] }
false
3,612
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
What was reported in a rebuttal paper led by an HIV-1 virologist Dr. Feng Gao?
{ "answer_start": [ 6197 ], "text": [ " they used careful bioinformatics analyses to demonstrate that the original claim of multiple HIV insertions into the SARS-CoV-2 is not HIV-1 specific but random " ] }
false
3,613
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
What happened to the report with initial claims?
{ "answer_start": [ 6365 ], "text": [ " Because of the many concerns raised by the international community, the authors who made the initial claim have already withdrawn this report." ] }
false
3,614
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
What is the difference between evolution and synthetic constructs?
{ "answer_start": [ 6510 ], "text": [ "Evolution is stepwise and accrues mutations gradually over time, whereas synthetic constructs would typically use a known backbone and introduce logical or targeted changes instead of the randomly occurring mutations that are present in naturally isolated viruses suc...
false
3,615
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
What is the conclusion of this report?
{ "answer_start": [ 6810 ], "text": [ " there is currently no credible evidence to support the claim that SARS-CoV-2 originated from a laboratory-engineered CoV. It is more likely that SARS-CoV-2 is a recombinant CoV generated in nature between a bat CoV and another coronavirus in an intermediate animal h...
false
3,616
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
What is the conclusion of this report?
{ "answer_start": [ 7082 ], "text": [ "More studies are needed to explore this possibility and resolve the natural origin of SARS-CoV-2. We should emphasize that, although SARS-CoV-2 shows no evidence of laboratory origin, viruses with such great public health threats must be handled properly in the labor...
false
4,574
No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/ SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24 Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan Date: 2020-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 License: cc-by ...
what is the clinical manifestation similar to?
{ "answer_start": [ 859 ], "text": [ "to that of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-CoV. " ] }
false
5,173
Effectiveness of zinc supplementation on diarrhea and average daily gain in pre-weaned dairy calves: A double-blind, block-randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6619766/ SHA: ef20a0cd67ce018cf061f154bd8be9d0e58d0f23 Authors: Feldmann, Hillary R.; Williams, Deniece...
What was the purpose of the research?
{ "answer_start": [ 500 ], "text": [ "to evaluate the effectiveness of zinc supplementation on diarrhea and average daily weight gain (ADG) in pre-weaned dairy calves" ] }
false
5,174
Effectiveness of zinc supplementation on diarrhea and average daily gain in pre-weaned dairy calves: A double-blind, block-randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6619766/ SHA: ef20a0cd67ce018cf061f154bd8be9d0e58d0f23 Authors: Feldmann, Hillary R.; Williams, Deniece...
What preventative measure has been taken to decrease the incidence of diarrhea in children?
{ "answer_start": [ 3167 ], "text": [ "Zinc supplementation" ] }
false
4,442
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What led to a great increase in their study among virologists worldwide?
{ "answer_start": [ 533 ], "text": [ "an outbreak in 1993–94 in the southwestern United States" ] }
false
4,443
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
How many hantaviral genotypes have been described
{ "answer_start": [ 658 ], "text": [ "Well over 40" ] }
false
4,444
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
How many of them are pathogenic for humans?
{ "answer_start": [ 748 ], "text": [ "nearly half of them" ] }
false
4,445
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What do Hantaviruses cause in their reservoir hosts?
{ "answer_start": [ 810 ], "text": [ "persistent infections" ] }
false
4,446
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What does hantavirus human disease manifest as?
{ "answer_start": [ 907 ], "text": [ " a cardiopulmonary compromise, hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS)" ] }
false
4,448
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What is the case-fatality ratios, for the most common viral serotypes?
{ "answer_start": [ 1046 ], "text": [ "between 30% and 40%" ] }
false
4,449
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What are among the factors that may have increased the human caseload of HCPS between 1993 and the present?
{ "answer_start": [ 1066 ], "text": [ " Habitat disturbance and larger-scale ecological disturbances, perhaps including climate change," ] }
false
4,450
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What do authors consider in this study?
{ "answer_start": [ 1282 ], "text": [ " the features that influence the structure of host population dynamics that may lead to viral outbreaks" ] }
false
4,451
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What do authors consider in this study?
{ "answer_start": [ 1398 ], "text": [ "the macromolecular determinants of hantaviruses that have been regarded as having potential contribution to pathogenicity." ] }
false
4,452
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
Which diseases are a major concern among scientists studying infectious diseases?
{ "answer_start": [ 1609 ], "text": [ " emerging zoonotic diseases" ] }
false
4,453
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What may alter population disease dynamics and lead to the emergence of zoonotic infections?
{ "answer_start": [ 1753 ], "text": [ "Changes in biotic and abiotic conditions" ] }
false
4,454
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
Which are among the conspicuous examples which challenge prevention and control measures of public health systems?
{ "answer_start": [ 2120 ], "text": [ " influenza A, Ebola virus, hepatitis C virus, severe adult respiratory distress (SARS), coronavirus, and human immunodeficiency virus" ] }
false
4,456
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
More recently, what did outbreaks of several viral-related diseases that have emerged or re-emerged, involve?
{ "answer_start": [ 2807 ], "text": [ "hantaviruses, and the expansion of the geographic range of West Nile virus." ] }
false
4,455
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What did, In the last century, outbreaks of viral-related diseases that have emerged or re-emerged, involve?
{ "answer_start": [ 2755 ], "text": [ "arenaviruses and dengue viruses" ] }
false
4,457
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
Among zoonotic diseases, what are hosts of several pathogenic RNA viruses?
{ "answer_start": [ 2908 ], "text": [ "small mammals" ] }
false
4,458
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
Which pathogenic RNA viruses are hosted by small mammals?
{ "answer_start": [ 2977 ], "text": [ " Arenaviridae and Bunyaviridae: Hantavirus " ] }
false
4,459
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
When did Hantavirus infections became a concern in the Americas?
{ "answer_start": [ 3228 ], "text": [ " disease, hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, HCPS (or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome), was linked to " ] }
false
4,460
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What was the hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, HCPS (or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome), linked to?
{ "answer_start": [ 3330 ], "text": [ "infection by the newly-discovered Sin Nombre virus (SNV)" ] }
false
4,461
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What was identified as the reservoir of SNV?
{ "answer_start": [ 3391 ], "text": [ " the rodent Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse)" ] }
false
4,462
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What did a review of ancient Chinese writings in 960 AD, reveal?
{ "answer_start": [ 3621 ], "text": [ "descriptions closely resembling hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), the syndrome caused by Old World hantaviruses" ] }
false
4,463
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
How was HFRS first brought to the attention of western medicine ?
{ "answer_start": [ 4055 ], "text": [ "with an outbreak that occurred among United Nations troops during the Korean conflict between 1951 and 1954" ] }
false
4,464
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What is HTNV?
{ "answer_start": [ 4256 ], "text": [ " etiologic agent, Hantaan virus" ] }
false
4,465
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
Where was HTNV isolated from?
{ "answer_start": [ 4308 ], "text": [ " from the striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius," ] }
false
4,466
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
Which new genus was the virus later found to represent?
{ "answer_start": [ 4567 ], "text": [ "Hantavirus of the family Bunyaviridae" ] }
false
4,467
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
Which was the first hantavirus to be isolated?
{ "answer_start": [ 4725 ], "text": [ "The categorization of hantaviruses as belonging to the family Bunyaviridae is due in part to" ] }
false
4,468
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What is the categorization of hantaviruses as belonging to the family Bunyaviridae due in part to?
{ "answer_start": [ 4817 ], "text": [ " the consistent presence of three RNA genomes that are circularized in vivo as a result of the presence of terminal complementary nucleotides that help fold the genome into a -hairpin‖ morphology," ] }
false
4,469
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What was the hairpin morphology first described for?
{ "answer_start": [ 5038 ], "text": [ "Uukuniemi phlebovirus " ] }
false
4,470
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
How is the the precursor form GPC processed, during virus maturation?
{ "answer_start": [ 5376 ], "text": [ "a membrane -bound protease into Gn and Gc, a cleavage that occurs" ] }
false
4,471
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
When does the cleavage appear to be signaled?
{ "answer_start": [ 5471 ], "text": [ "after the conserved peptide signal WAASA at the C-terminal of Gn " ] }
false
4,472
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
Why must the two proteins Gn and Gc be co-expressed?
{ "answer_start": [ 5727 ], "text": [ "to allow them stability so that the two can be assembled correctly in the Golg" ] }
false
4,473
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
Which two distinct cellular receptors the glycoproteins are the known or presumed ligands for?
{ "answer_start": [ 6200 ], "text": [ " the 3 integrin chain and decay accelerating factor, or DAF" ] }
false
4,474
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What is the underlying premise for many of these studies?
{ "answer_start": [ 8311 ], "text": [ " blunt any pathological response in the host [" ] }
false
4,482
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What is the premise for apathogenic forms to blunt any pathological response in the host?
{ "answer_start": [ 8136 ], "text": [ "would tend to induce an earlier innate response that would render it more likely that the virus would be quickly cleared or rendered less competent in its replication" ] }
false
4,483
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
Which proteins and mRNAs prominently induced by hantaviruses include?
{ "answer_start": [ 10002 ], "text": [ "hantaviruses have been identified as adversely affecting" ] }
false
4,492
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What have hantaviruses been identified as adversely affect?
{ "answer_start": [ 10059 ], "text": [ "endothelial migration over substrata " ] }
false
4,493
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What have hantaviruses been identified in potentiating?
{ "answer_start": [ 10115 ], "text": [ " VEG-F-induced endothelial permeability" ] }
false
4,494
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What is N-protein?
{ "answer_start": [ 10217 ], "text": [ "a structural component of the viral nucleocapsid" ] }
false
4,495
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What does the N-protein, as an RNA-binding protein, do?
{ "answer_start": [ 10341 ], "text": [ "engages the hairpin termini of the genomic segments with high affinity" ] }
false
4,496
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
As an RNA-binding protein that engages the hairpin termini of the genomic segments, what does the N-protein of hantavirus do?
{ "answer_start": [ 10422 ], "text": [ " it limits the access of the RNA to host nucleases " ] }
false
4,497
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
As an RNA-binding protein that engages the hairpin termini of the genomic segments, what does the N-protein of hantavirus do?
{ "answer_start": [ 10476 ], "text": [ " helps to render viral replication a closed process within the cytoplasm" ] }
false
4,498
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What does the N-protein act as?
{ "answer_start": [ 10566 ], "text": [ "a peripheral membrane protein" ] }
false
4,499
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What can some of the other activities of N have, be linked to?
{ "answer_start": [ 10910 ], "text": [ " to the interference with an array of the intracellular processes of the normal cell" ] }
false
4,500
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What can some of the other activities of N have, be linked to?
{ "answer_start": [ 10857 ], "text": [ " to fundamental requirements of replication" ] }
false
4,501
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What is N also reported to interact with?
{ "answer_start": [ 11219 ], "text": [ "with actin microfilaments, and the SUMO-1 protein" ] }
false
4,502
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
How do the viral RNAs become concentrated in P bodies during hantavirus infection?
{ "answer_start": [ 11940 ], "text": [ " through their interaction with N and DCP1" ] }
false
4,503
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What have confocal microscopy and biochemical-inhibitor studies shown?
{ "answer_start": [ 13763 ], "text": [ " that N tracks along microtubules" ] }
false
4,504
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What have confocal microscopy and biochemical-inhibitor studies shown on what N tracks?
{ "answer_start": [ 13801 ], "text": [ "not with actin filaments " ] }
false
4,505
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What is the ultimate destination for N, for its assembly into viral particles?
{ "answer_start": [ 13906 ], "text": [ "the Golgi" ] }
false
4,506
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
How does it traffic?
{ "answer_start": [ 13938 ], "text": [ " via the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate complex (ERGIC), also known as vesicular-tubular cluster " ] }
false
4,507
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What is a dominant negative inhibitor?
{ "answer_start": [ 14082 ], "text": [ " dynamitin" ] }
false
4,508
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What is dynamitin associated with?
{ "answer_start": [ 14110 ], "text": [ "dynein-mediated transport" ] }
false
4,509
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What is dynamitin associated with?
{ "answer_start": [ 14136 ], "text": [ " reduced N's accumulation in the Golgi" ] }
false
4,510
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What does recent data indicate?
{ "answer_start": [ 14426 ], "text": [ " that microtubular transport is indeed utilized for the New World hantavirus SNV" ] }
false
4,511
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
Why have Hantavirus diseases of man been suspected of having an immunopathogenic basis?
{ "answer_start": [ 15425 ], "text": [ "plasma viral RNA with" ] }
false
4,542
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What is a critical feature of both?
{ "answer_start": [ 15723 ], "text": [ " a transient (~ 1-5 days) capillary leak involving the kidney and retroperitoneal space in HFRS and the lungs in HCPS" ] }
false
4,543
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What is the character of he resulting leakage?
{ "answer_start": [ 15864 ], "text": [ "is exudative in character, with chemical composition high in protein and resembling plasma." ] }
false
4,544
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
Which is an especially attractive candidate as an important in vivo receptor for hantaviruses?
{ "answer_start": [ 16094 ], "text": [ " β3 integrin" ] }
false
4,545
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What is the likely way that hantaviruses arrive at their target tissues?
{ "answer_start": [ 16255 ], "text": [ "through uptake by regional lymph nodes, perhaps with or within an escorting lung histiocyte" ] }
false
4,546
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/ SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101 Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando Date: 2010-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/v2122559 License: cc-by Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc...
What does the virus seed?
{ "answer_start": [ 16364 ], "text": [ "local endothelium" ] }
false