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              "question": "The flood was preceded by rains from March 9 that did not stop until March 22 , 1936 . The storms brought warmer 50 °F ( 10 °C ) weather that was a cause of one stage of flooding and the continuous rains a second cause of flooding . The natural run-off of 1 to 3 inches ( 2.5 to 7.5 cm ) was far surpassed by the deluge of from 10 to 30 inches ( 25 to 75 cm ) of water in the region . The flood came before pending flood control legislation was enacted or any significant flood control measures implemented . The narrowness of the valleys and encroachment of buildings on the river banks contributed to record flooding . By the time nightfall came one-third of the city was under of water and by the time flooding was over twenty-five people lost their lives . The damages , estimated at $ 43 million , made it the worst flood since the flood of 1889 and the event is chronicled at the Johnstown Flood Museum After the flood , sweeping nationwide flood control laws were enacted and from 1938 to 1943 Johnstown saw many projects completed . These measures gave the people the feeling that the area was now \" flood free \" , and it was touted as such until the flood of 1977",
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              "question": "On March 22 , 1971 , Jonel Construction Company bought WARD-AM-FM-TV and changed their calls to '' ' WJNL-AM-FM-TV ' '' the following year , doing business as Cover Broadcasting , Inc . Having been issued a construction permit to do so in 1969 , the television station then moved to the stronger UHF channel 19 and dropped ABC programming . The channel move also brought a transmitter power increase to 215,000 watts visual , and 21,500 watts aural . Jonel also left the Franklin Street studio for a new facility located on Benshoff Hill , not too far from the transmitter atop Cover Hill in suburban Johnstown . The radio stations moved to the Benshoff Hill location in 1977 , after the Franklin Street studios were destroyed in a massive flood",
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              "question": "Laurel Run Dam , also known as Laurel Run Dam No. 2 , was an earthen embankment dam that failed during the Johnstown Flood of 1977 . It had the largest reservoir of seven dams to fail between July 19 and 20 , 1977 and caused the most fatalities of the two that did . The dam failed in the early morning of July 20 after period of heavy rain , causing of water to flood downstream Tanneryville , killing 40 people",
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          "context": "Extensive damage from the 1977 flood was heavy and there was talk of the company pulling out . Again , the city won a reprieve from the company 's top management , which had always regarded the Johnstown works with special affection because of its history and reputation . As the increasing amount of federal environmental regulations became more difficult to comply with and the issues with the aging manufacturing facilities grew more significant , and as steel companies began closing down plants all over the country , by 1982 it looked as if Johnstown had exhausted its appeals . By the early 1990s , Johnstown abandoned most of its steel production , although some limited fabrication work continues"
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              "question": "The flood was preceded by rains from March 9 that did not stop until March 22 , 1936 . The storms brought warmer 50 °F ( 10 °C ) weather that was a cause of one stage of flooding and the continuous rains a second cause of flooding . The natural run-off of 1 to 3 inches ( 2.5 to 7.5 cm ) was far surpassed by the deluge of from 10 to 30 inches ( 25 to 75 cm ) of water in the region . The flood came before pending flood control legislation was enacted or any significant flood control measures implemented . The narrowness of the valleys and encroachment of buildings on the river banks contributed to record flooding . By the time nightfall came one-third of the city was under of water and by the time flooding was over twenty-five people lost their lives . The damages , estimated at $ 43 million , made it the worst flood since the flood of 1889 and the event is chronicled at the Johnstown Flood Museum After the flood , sweeping nationwide flood control laws were enacted and from 1938 to 1943 Johnstown saw many projects completed . These measures gave the people the feeling that the area was now \" flood free \" , and it was touted as such until the flood of 1977",
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              "question": "On March 22 , 1971 , Jonel Construction Company bought WARD-AM-FM-TV and changed their calls to '' ' WJNL-AM-FM-TV ' '' the following year , doing business as Cover Broadcasting , Inc . Having been issued a construction permit to do so in 1969 , the television station then moved to the stronger UHF channel 19 and dropped ABC programming . The channel move also brought a transmitter power increase to 215,000 watts visual , and 21,500 watts aural . Jonel also left the Franklin Street studio for a new facility located on Benshoff Hill , not too far from the transmitter atop Cover Hill in suburban Johnstown . The radio stations moved to the Benshoff Hill location in 1977 , after the Franklin Street studios were destroyed in a massive flood",
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              "question": "Extensive damage from the 1977 flood was heavy and there was talk of the company pulling out . Again , the city won a reprieve from the company 's top management , which had always regarded the Johnstown works with special affection because of its history and reputation . As the increasing amount of federal environmental regulations became more difficult to comply with and the issues with the aging manufacturing facilities grew more significant , and as steel companies began closing down plants all over the country , by 1982 it looked as if Johnstown had exhausted its appeals . By the early 1990s , Johnstown abandoned most of its steel production , although some limited fabrication work continues",
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              "question": "Laurel Run Dam , also known as Laurel Run Dam No. 2 , was an earthen embankment dam that failed during the Johnstown Flood of 1977 . It had the largest reservoir of seven dams to fail between July 19 and 20 , 1977 and caused the most fatalities of the two that did . The dam failed in the early morning of July 20 after period of heavy rain , causing of water to flood downstream Tanneryville , killing 40 people",
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          "context": "The Best of the Band is the first greatest hits package by Canadian - American rock group The Band . Featuring ten tracks taken from six of their first seven albums ( not counting 1974 's Before the Flood or 1975 's The Basement Tapes , both with Bob Dylan ) , it featured two tracks from the first , second , third and seventh albums , one each from the fourth and fifth , rounded out by the 1976 single \" Twilight \" ."
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              "question": "The flood was preceded by rains from March 9 that did not stop until March 22 , 1936 . The storms brought warmer 50 °F ( 10 °C ) weather that was a cause of one stage of flooding and the continuous rains a second cause of flooding . The natural run-off of 1 to 3 inches ( 2.5 to 7.5 cm ) was far surpassed by the deluge of from 10 to 30 inches ( 25 to 75 cm ) of water in the region . The flood came before pending flood control legislation was enacted or any significant flood control measures implemented . The narrowness of the valleys and encroachment of buildings on the river banks contributed to record flooding . By the time nightfall came one-third of the city was under of water and by the time flooding was over twenty-five people lost their lives . The damages , estimated at $ 43 million , made it the worst flood since the flood of 1889 and the event is chronicled at the Johnstown Flood Museum After the flood , sweeping nationwide flood control laws were enacted and from 1938 to 1943 Johnstown saw many projects completed . These measures gave the people the feeling that the area was now \" flood free \" , and it was touted as such until the flood of 1977",
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              "question": "On March 22 , 1971 , Jonel Construction Company bought WARD-AM-FM-TV and changed their calls to '' ' WJNL-AM-FM-TV ' '' the following year , doing business as Cover Broadcasting , Inc . Having been issued a construction permit to do so in 1969 , the television station then moved to the stronger UHF channel 19 and dropped ABC programming . The channel move also brought a transmitter power increase to 215,000 watts visual , and 21,500 watts aural . Jonel also left the Franklin Street studio for a new facility located on Benshoff Hill , not too far from the transmitter atop Cover Hill in suburban Johnstown . The radio stations moved to the Benshoff Hill location in 1977 , after the Franklin Street studios were destroyed in a massive flood",
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              "question": "Extensive damage from the 1977 flood was heavy and there was talk of the company pulling out . Again , the city won a reprieve from the company 's top management , which had always regarded the Johnstown works with special affection because of its history and reputation . As the increasing amount of federal environmental regulations became more difficult to comply with and the issues with the aging manufacturing facilities grew more significant , and as steel companies began closing down plants all over the country , by 1982 it looked as if Johnstown had exhausted its appeals . By the early 1990s , Johnstown abandoned most of its steel production , although some limited fabrication work continues",
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              "question": "Laurel Run Dam , also known as Laurel Run Dam No. 2 , was an earthen embankment dam that failed during the Johnstown Flood of 1977 . It had the largest reservoir of seven dams to fail between July 19 and 20 , 1977 and caused the most fatalities of the two that did . The dam failed in the early morning of July 20 after period of heavy rain , causing of water to flood downstream Tanneryville , killing 40 people",
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          "context": "Geoff Hastings ( 14 January 1926 – 25 September 2005 ) , was an English photographer who worked in Wisbech in the 1950s when the town was being redeveloped . He worked for the Air Inspectorate Department in nearby March , auditing aircraft parts during the Second World War . After the war , he married and worked in Wisbech as a manager with Cambridgeshire Motors on Elm Road . His house was one of many that was affected by the 1978 Wisbech Flood . His collection of thousands of prints was ruined . Fortuitously , the film negatives were not ."
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              "question": "The flood was preceded by rains from March 9 that did not stop until March 22 , 1936 . The storms brought warmer 50 °F ( 10 °C ) weather that was a cause of one stage of flooding and the continuous rains a second cause of flooding . The natural run-off of 1 to 3 inches ( 2.5 to 7.5 cm ) was far surpassed by the deluge of from 10 to 30 inches ( 25 to 75 cm ) of water in the region . The flood came before pending flood control legislation was enacted or any significant flood control measures implemented . The narrowness of the valleys and encroachment of buildings on the river banks contributed to record flooding . By the time nightfall came one-third of the city was under of water and by the time flooding was over twenty-five people lost their lives . The damages , estimated at $ 43 million , made it the worst flood since the flood of 1889 and the event is chronicled at the Johnstown Flood Museum After the flood , sweeping nationwide flood control laws were enacted and from 1938 to 1943 Johnstown saw many projects completed . These measures gave the people the feeling that the area was now \" flood free \" , and it was touted as such until the flood of 1977",
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              "question": "Extensive damage from the 1977 flood was heavy and there was talk of the company pulling out . Again , the city won a reprieve from the company 's top management , which had always regarded the Johnstown works with special affection because of its history and reputation . As the increasing amount of federal environmental regulations became more difficult to comply with and the issues with the aging manufacturing facilities grew more significant , and as steel companies began closing down plants all over the country , by 1982 it looked as if Johnstown had exhausted its appeals . By the early 1990s , Johnstown abandoned most of its steel production , although some limited fabrication work continues",
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            {
              "question": "Laurel Run Dam , also known as Laurel Run Dam No. 2 , was an earthen embankment dam that failed during the Johnstown Flood of 1977 . It had the largest reservoir of seven dams to fail between July 19 and 20 , 1977 and caused the most fatalities of the two that did . The dam failed in the early morning of July 20 after period of heavy rain , causing of water to flood downstream Tanneryville , killing 40 people",
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          "context": "In physics , the scallop theorem states that a swimmer that exhibits time - symmetric motion can not achieve net displacement in a low Reynolds number Newtonian fluid environment , i.e. a fluid that is highly viscous . Such a swimmer deforms its body into a particular shape through a sequence of motions and then reverts to the original shape by going through the sequence in reverse . This is known as reciprocal motion and is invariant under time - reversal . Edward Mills Purcell stated this theorem in his 1977 paper Life at Low Reynolds Number explaining physical principles of aquatic locomotion . The theorem is named for the motion of a scallop which opens and closes a simple hinge during one period . Such motion is not sufficient to create migration at low Reynolds numbers . The scallop is an example of a body with one degree of freedom to use for motion . Bodies with a single degree of freedom deform in a reciprocal manner and subsequently , bodies with one degree of freedom do not achieve locomotion in a highly viscous environment ."
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