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  "@type": "sc:Dataset",
  "name": "A Global Benchmark Dataset of Digital-Nomad Policy Adoption, Tourism Flows, and Labor-Market Indicators",
  "description": "A harmonized country-year panel dataset linking tourism metrics from UN Tourism and macroeconomic indices from the World Bank Open Data to a hand-coded policy panel documenting 30 national digital-nomad visa configurations and an 11-country comparison matrix of non-adopting major economies.",
  "conformsTo": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/1.1",
  "url": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/Intlrnz/DigitalNomadPolicy",
  "license": "https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0.html",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "intendedUse": "Empirical analysis of cross-country mobility, post-pandemic economic recovery dynamics, tracking shifting compositions of visitor profiles, and testing multi-period staggered difference-in-differences designs or synthetic control emulation models.",
  "dataLimitations": "Exhibits significant reporting missingness (up to 55%) natively present within the UN Tourism database streams (e.g., tourism direct employment and sector GDP shares), particularly concentrated among small island states, microstates, and heavily sanctioned economies.",
  "dataBiases": "The panel focuses deliberately on early pandemic-era legal policy trajectories and represents a curated chosen comparison sample for major economies rather than a globally randomized target control trial.",
  "personalSensitiveInformation": "None. Contains exclusively aggregated institutional macro indices, historical figures, and qualitative cross-border immigration framework descriptions. No individual telemetry or private tracking is collected.",
  "distribution": [
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      "@id": "excel-workbook",
      "name": "DigitalNomadDataset.xlsx",
      "description": "Consolidated Excel workbook holding the baseline panels across three relational sheets.",
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      "@id": "tourism_and_macroeconomic_data",
      "name": "tourism_and_macroeconomic_data",
      "description": "An annual country-level panel with tourism flow and macroeconomic indicators for 190 countries and territories spanning 2008-2024.",
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        {"@type": "field", "name": "country_name", "description": "Official name of the country or territory", "dataType": "sc:Text", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "country_name"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "iso3", "description": "ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code", "dataType": "sc:Text", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "iso3"}}},
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        {"@type": "field", "name": "unemployment_rate", "description": "ILO modeled unemployment rate percentage", "dataType": "sc:Float", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "unemployment_rate"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "expenditures", "description": "International tourism expenditures from balance of payments", "dataType": "sc:Float", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "expenditures"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "tourism_gdp_share", "description": "Tourism direct contribution share of national GDP", "dataType": "sc:Float", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "tourism_gdp_share"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "tourism_employment", "description": "Sectoral headcount across accommodation, food, and transport", "dataType": "sc:Float", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "tourism_employment"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "arrivals_business", "description": "Inbound professional arrivals in thousands", "dataType": "sc:Float", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "arrivals_business"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "arrivals_total", "description": "Total overnight international visitor arrivals in thousands", "dataType": "sc:Float", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "arrivals_total"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "internet_usage_pct", "description": "Percentage of individuals online in past three months", "dataType": "sc:Float", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "internet_usage_pct"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "inflation_annual_pct", "description": "Annual consumer price index adjustment percentage", "dataType": "sc:Float", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "inflation_annual_pct"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "exchange_rate_lcu_per_usd", "description": "Official period average local currency units per USD", "dataType": "sc:Float", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "exchange_rate_lcu_per_usd"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "price_level_index_gdp", "description": "Purchasing power parity price level index relative to US", "dataType": "sc:Float", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "price_level_index_gdp"}}}
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "recordSet",
      "@id": "policy_data",
      "name": "policy_data",
      "description": "Cross-sectional data mapping official criteria for 30 jurisdictions implementing remote work entry tracks.",
      "field": [
        {"@type": "field", "name": "iso3", "description": "ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 identifier", "dataType": "sc:Text", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "iso3"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "country_name", "description": "Name of implementing destination", "dataType": "sc:Text", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "country_name"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "visa_adoption_year", "description": "Initial launch year of the specific visa category", "dataType": "sc:Integer", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "visa_adoption_year"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "coarse_tax_treatment", "description": "Broad fiscal tax group mapping foreign income criteria", "dataType": "sc:Text", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "coarse_tax_treatment"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "min_income_to_apply_per_month_usd", "description": "Standardized monthly financial income eligibility baseline in USD", "dataType": "sc:Float", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "min_income_to_apply_per_month_usd"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "visa_duration_months", "description": "Maximum initial authorization window in months", "dataType": "sc:Integer", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "visa_duration_months"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "min_visa_fee_usd", "description": "Base processing fee charged by government in USD", "dataType": "sc:Float", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "min_visa_fee_usd"}}}
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "recordSet",
      "@id": "non_adopters",
      "name": "non_adopters",
      "description": "Matrix tracking proxy arrangements, local infrastructure, and alternate mobility channels for 11 non-adopting major global economies.",
      "field": [
        {"@type": "field", "name": "iso3", "description": "ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code", "dataType": "sc:Text", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "iso3"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "country_name", "description": "Name of comparison country", "dataType": "sc:Text", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "country_name"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "primary_remote_work_visa", "description": "Primary de facto visa mechanism utilized by remote entities", "dataType": "sc:Text", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "primary_remote_work_visa"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "supplementary_alternative_visas", "description": "Specialized alternate working holiday or investor visa setups", "dataType": "sc:Text", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "supplementary_alternative_visas"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "opc_corporate_setup_policy", "description": "Single-member corporate legal tracking rules for non-residents", "dataType": "sc:Text", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "opc_corporate_setup_policy"}}},
        {"@type": "field", "name": "digital_nomad_community_policies", "description": "Localized hub developments or regional incentive protocols", "dataType": "sc:Text", "source": {"fileObject": "excel-workbook", "extract": {"column": "digital_nomad_community_policies"}}}
      ]
    }
  ]
}