The early missionary schools - They aimed at training Africans to read and write so that they could read the bible - Examples Aaliance school St. Mary Yala Mangu high School Friend s School Kamusinga Loreto convent - Africans were involved in activities that encouraged them attend learning. Formal EducationInformal EducationTaught in schoolsTaught anytime and anywhere daily events Taught by trained teachersLearnt through daily activitiesFollows a set syllabusNo set syllabus and not assessed formally www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke Assessment are doneNo textbooks neededUse textbooks Questions 1. State 4 ways the church is involved in formal education 2. Write down 3 ways the church is involved in non-formal education today Special Education John 9:1-3 Special Groups Include - The deaf and mute - The blind - Physically handicapped - Mentally handicapped These people receive special attention and care. They use special learning equipments. Example SchoolSpecial GroupSponsorMumia schoolThe deafCatholicNyangoma school kisumuPhysically handicappedACKKambui Presbyterian school The deafPCEAThika schoolThe blindSALVATION ARMYJacaranda school NairobiMentally handicapped John 9:1-3 - Jesus and disciples saw a blind man - Disciples asked whether his blindness was caused by his or his parent s sins - Jesus told them, that the man was blind so that God s power might be seen at work. C. Youth education programmes ecc 12:1-5 www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke - Youth are young people between 18-35 years - The church youth programmes are important for : a. Evangelism b. Training leadership c. Information of good Christian characters. -. These programmes include:- a. Youth fellowship b. Camp and treats c. Talent shows d. Bible studies e. Drama and music competitions f. Mission work g. h. i. j. Ecclesiastes 12:1-5 - Youth are reminded to remember God while still energetic Nb: Some youth training centres are a. Rural training centre Limuru Agricultural Youth Centre, Mogotio Village Polytechnic b. Industrial Training Centre Maua Methodist Youth Polytechnic, African Inland Church Naivasha Polytechnic CHURCH AND DEVELOPMENT a.


Ecclesiastes 12:1-5 - Youth are reminded to remember God while still energetic Nb: Some youth training centres are a. Rural training centre Limuru Agricultural Youth Centre, Mogotio Village Polytechnic b. Industrial Training Centre Maua Methodist Youth Polytechnic, African Inland Church Naivasha Polytechnic CHURCH AND DEVELOPMENT a. Farming genesis 1:28-31 - Church has initiated projects to satisfy physical needs under N.C.CK.www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke Examples:- - Initiating irrigation schemes in dry areas - Poultry farming - Training agricultural officers - Training farmers on new methods. Genesis 1:28-31 - God blessed man and woman and put them in charge of CREation - Have many children and live all over the earth. -. Bring the earth under control - Guard and cultivate land - Church obeys God command during Creation when it is involved in farming. B. International Involvement 2 Corinthians 8:1-4 - Providing emergency relief during disasters and political crisis. -. Involvement in community development projects. -. Evangelism internationally global teaching - Building homes for needy orphans and aged - Offering scholarship - Training people on missionary work, farming, teaching e.t.c. - - -. 2 Corinthians 8:1-4 - Paul praises the church of Macedonia - Macedonia church was tested by troubles but went through.www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke - The poor were generous - We should therefore support the church in its involvement internationally. Some international Christian organization 1. The world vision 2. The catholic relief services 3. The world church council 4. Christian Aid c. Christian Training Centres 2 Thessalonians 3:6-10 - Church is involved in building of training centres - They are meant to teach people to be self-reliant - Provides basic facilities and training - The government provides required staff. D. Rural Training Centre - Aim at:- improving talents and abilities - Have a source of income - Develop skills - Become self-reliant They include:- - Village polytechnics carpentry, tailoring, agricultural, tannery leather work, adult literacy.


Christian Training Centres 2 Thessalonians 3:6-10 - Church is involved in building of training centres - They are meant to teach people to be self-reliant - Provides basic facilities and training - The government provides required staff. D. Rural Training Centre - Aim at:- improving talents and abilities - Have a source of income - Develop skills - Become self-reliant They include:- - Village polytechnics carpentry, tailoring, agricultural, tannery leather work, adult literacy. -. Industrial training centres Found in urban centres Offers: masonary, plumbing, seCREtarial, hairdressing, carpentry, welding, ICT, mechanics, electricity, wiring, painting, art and design. Revision questionwww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke - Spotlight CRE 7 pg 55 - Primary CRE 7 pg 117-118 - Quick reading 7 pg 32 UNIT 6 CHRISTIAN IN ACTION IN HEALTH CARE AND SOCIAL WELFARE The Church and Health Care a. Training Medical Personnel s Luke 9:1-2, Mark 16: 15-18 - The church provides medical help and train medical personnel. -. Medical work is a vocation and requires total commitment - Church activities includes: a. Building hospitals and dispensaries b. Organizing seminars and workshops c. Free mobile services. D. Educating on nutrition e. Offering education on health matters. Luke 9:1-2, mark 16:15-18 - Jesus gave disciples power and authority to:- a. Cure diseases b. Drive out demons preach the kingdom of God c. Heal the sick d. Baptize the believers in the name of Jesuswww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke e. Perform miracles and exercise Holy Spirit. B. Flying Doctors Service - Doctors use air transport to give health services in remote areas. -. The service started by Michael woods in Kenya in 1950s - It was initiated in Kenya by the Christians churches of Kenya CCK - It is part of AMREF African Medical and Research Foundation - This service was first started in Australia - Activities a. Organizing free medical camps b. Vaccination and treatment c. First Aid and evacuation e.g accident victims. D. Training health workers c.


First Aid and evacuation e.g accident victims. D. Training health workers c. Community Health Programmes Luke 9:6 - They are sponsored by Christians, non-Christians and government. -. Mainly these programs educate the community on:- a. health matters b. Diseases prevention through vaccination c. Hygiene on handling food d. Proper waste disposal e. Family planning programmes f. HIV AIDS related matters. G. h. www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke Luke 9:6 a. Disciples of Jesus preached good news and healed the sick b. Christians should support the church by participating in community health. The church in training the clergy Matthew4:18-22 - Clergy:- these are people trained and ordained to serve the church - They include- bishops, priests, pastors, pope - Courses learnt Theology Divinity Pastoral studies church doctrines Philosophy Guidance and counseling Leadership and communication Administration. Matthew4:18-22 - Jesus called the 1st 4 disciples to be fishers of men - Jesus trained them to be preachers 2 Timothy 2:12 - Paul trained timothy and advised him to train others. CHURCH TRAINING ON THE LAITY ACTS 6:1-6 - Laity : Christians given various responsibilities in the church. -. It includes- Sunday school teachers, choir masters, ushers, catechists e.t.c - Laity duties:- a. Conducting Sunday school b. Training choirswww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke c. Assisting clergy d. Making announcements e. Teaching catechism f. g. h. Acts 6:1-6 - Apostles choose helpers deacons to help distribute food to the windows and orphans - Their leader was Stephen who was stoned because of His faith in Jesus. -. Seven deacons were Stephen, Philip, , , , , The Church and Social Welfare Acts 2:43-47, 4:32 a. Care for the aged mt 25:41-45 b.


Acts 6:1-6 - Apostles choose helpers deacons to help distribute food to the windows and orphans - Their leader was Stephen who was stoned because of His faith in Jesus. -. Seven deacons were Stephen, Philip, , , , , The Church and Social Welfare Acts 2:43-47, 4:32 a. Care for the aged mt 25:41-45 b. Church helps the aged by: - Taking them in special homes for the aged. Give examples of such homes - Giving them food, clothes and medical care - Building homes for them - Protecting properties - - - Matthew25:41-45 - Our judgment will be based on our service to the less fortunate. -. Any service given to the needy is service to God.www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke Care for the Orphans James 1:27 - An orphan is a child whose both parents are dead. -. Challenges a. Lack of basic needs b. Lack of care c. Lack of love d. Child labour e. Discrimination - The church supports orphans by:- a. Giving them basic needs b. Building special homes orphanages e.g Nyumbani childrens home Daggoretti Mama ngina SOS eldoret, Nairobi and Mombasa Mama fatuma children s home Nairobi c. Giving them education d. Helping them improve talents e. f. g. Relief Services 1 Corinthians 16:1-3 - Relief is the assistance given to people affected by war, draught, famine, floods etc - Relief can be inform of food, shelter, clothing, money, medicine e.t.c - Relief provided by the church includewww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke a. Building shelters b. distributing food, clothing, medicine c. paying school fees for the affected d. clean water e. pupils to add four more point - Church organizations that offer relief services a. Catholic relief service CRS b. Christian Aid c. AMREF d. Jesus Relief Service. E. Red Cross. -. Christians offer prayers, comfort, guidance and counseling to the affected. -. Paul advised Corinthians to offer help to the needy in Judea.


Red Cross. -. Christians offer prayers, comfort, guidance and counseling to the affected. -. Paul advised Corinthians to offer help to the needy in Judea. Care For Refugees Matthew25:25-26,5:16 - A refugee is a person who is forced to leave motherland country because of war, persecution, political problem e.t.c - Refugee s main help comes from church organizations, non-governmental organizations NGOs and government. -. Church activities to the refugees are:- a. Provision of basic needs. B. Provision of loans and grants for self-employment. C. Giving spiritual encouragement. D. Offering educational scholarships e. Offering training and career guidance. F. g. www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke h. - Church organizations involved with refugees a. NCCK- National Council of Churches Of Kenya b. KEC- Kenya Episcopal Conference Catholics c. SDA d. AACC- All Africa Conference of Churches e. WCC- World Council of Churches. F. UNHCR- United Nations High Commission for Refugees. -. Matthew25:25-26: Jesus taught that we should support the needy financially, materially and spiritually. When we support the needy we glorify God. -. Matthew5:16: our good deeds must shine among people that God will be praised. Christians Working Together - Church is a community of believer. -. Christian community shows unity and strength when they work together. -. The cooperation of different church denominations for a common purpose is called ecumenism. -. Christians work together in:- a. Preaching the word of God b. Praying for others c. Community health and youth programs. D. Training the clergy and laity. E. Building schools, hospitals, homes and orphanages.www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke f. Promoting peace and harmony in a country. G. Caring for the needy. H. Educating people on health, drugs , family e.t.c Revision questions 1. Quick reading CRE 7 pg 39 2. Primary CRE 7 pg 145-146 3. Spotlight CRE 7 pg 64-68 TERM 2 UNIT 7 FRIENDSHIP AND LOVE 1. What emotions - Ways of coping with emotionswww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke 2. Accepting ourselves and others 3.


Spotlight CRE 7 pg 64-68 TERM 2 UNIT 7 FRIENDSHIP AND LOVE 1. What emotions - Ways of coping with emotionswww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke 2. Accepting ourselves and others 3. Friendship - Wanting the best for others - Tolerance and patience in friendship 4. Necessity of loyalty, openness and trust in friendship 5. Sharing activities with others 6. Contribution of parents in making a happy home. 7. Contribution of children in making a happy home. 8. The effects of good and bad relationships in a family 9. Christ our example. Reference books 1. Primary CRE klb 2. Quick reading CRE 3. Spotlight CRE 4. Face to face CRE 5. Good news bible A. FRIENDSHIP AND LOVE What emotions are 1. Emotions are strong feelings we experience in our lives. Emotions can either be - Negative- sadness - Positive- happiness. 2. Positive desirable emotions include - Joy - Happinesswww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke - Love - Excitement Negative undesirable emotions include - Fighting - Quarreling - Enmity - Abusing others - Depression - Suicide - Destruction of properties. 3. 1 Samuel 17:28-30 a. David eldest son was b. was angry with David because he saw him in the battle field c. Jesus when he was in sorrow. He arrived and found his friend, , dead and buried. Quiz 1. Lazarus sisters were and 2. Lazarus family lived in 3. Jesse s sons were I chronicles 2:13 4. Jesse s family lived in 5. Eliab scolded David calling him Ways of Coping with Emotions 1. Our emotions changes depending on the circumstances we find ourselves in 2. When we are angry we should control our anger by forgiving those who makes us angry. 3. Positive ways of coping with emotions: - Prayingwww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke - Seeking guidance and counseling. -. Exercising patience and tolerance. -. Forgiveness s - Sharing the problem with a trusted friend. 4. Ephesians 4:26-32 a. If you become angry do not let your anger lead you into sin and do not stay angry all day.


Our freedom should not be an excuse to b. Love should c. Love your as you d. Love should help us not to behave , e. Harm and others. Quiz 1. Which Jewish feast were Jesus and his disciples celebrating when they had the last supper? 2. The story of annunciation of birth of Jesus is written on the books of? 3. Which one of the was done by prophet Elisha a. Healing a blind man b. Casting demons from a woman c. Calling fire from heaven d. Multiplication of bread 4. The first man to plant a vineyard in the world was likely to be 5. Who Among the following judges of Israel was the first one in Israel? Recitation - Seven deacons - Isaiah s prophecy about Jesuswww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke - Order of Creation Friendship Wanting the best for others 1. True friendship lasts when we want the best for the other person 2. We can show that we want the best for our friends by - Helping - Comforting - Visiting 3. True friendship involves love 4. A loving friend is patient, kind, faithful and ready to forgive. 5. 1 Corinthians 13:4-7 Love isLove is not Quiz 1. What kind of education was carried out in Traditional African Society? Formal, non-formal, modern adult 2. Three of the following happened in the last night in Egypt. Which one did not a. Ate roasted meat b. Smeared the blood on the door posts c. Took bitter herbs d. Jesus pointed out his betrayal. 3. Was the disciple who was a tax collector before he was called by Jesuswww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke 4. Bring the full amount of your tithes to the temple so that there will be plenty of food there which said these words? 5. Which two disciples were sent by Jesus to make ready the Lord s supper? Recitation - Disciple - Abraham s promises by God. -. Ten Commandments. Tolerance and Patience in Friendship 1. Tolerant means the ability to bear or put with a situation or something or somebody. 2. Patience ability to endure trying situations 3. Genesis 29 :15-29 a. Jacob s uncle is b. Laban promised to give Jacob his daughter c.


Genesis 29 :15-29 a. Jacob s uncle is b. Laban promised to give Jacob his daughter c. Jacob had to work years to get Rachael d. After disappointment with Leah, Laban promised to give Rachel to Jacob after e. Jacob was patient and tolerant with Quiz 1. In the book of Acts which Christians value is seen in Dorcas and Cornelius? 2. From apostle Creed which statement does not show that Jesus was truly the son of God? A. Was conceived by the Holy spirit b. Born of the Virgin Mary c. Rose from the dead on the third day d. Suffered under Pontius Pilatewww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke 3. The resurrection of Jesus teaches Christians to be 4. The festival celebrated by Christians to mark Jesus victory over death is 5. The meaning of the name Messiah is Recitation - Beatitude - Apostle Creed - Lord s prayer. Necessity of Loyalty, Openness and Trust In Friendship 1. -. Loyalty is being faithful in supporting somebody - Openness is being honest and not hiding information or feeling from somebody - Trust is the belief that somebody is sincere and will not harm or betray one. 2. 1 Samuel 20:1-23, 19:2 a. warned David that his father wanted to kill him. He asked David to hide b. He made his father swore that he would not kill David. He was to David c. David was open to by telling him how king wanted to kill him. D. The two friends trusted each other by telling the truth e. David promised to remain loyal to his friends house forever. Quiz 1. Which one of the following ways did Jonathan show his loyalty to his best friend David? A. Telling David that king Saul wanted to murder him B. Helping David to escape from his father C. Promising to always help David D. Allowing David to take his royal coat. 2. Who is not properly matched to mother www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke a. John Mary b. Isaac- Rebecca c. Joseph- leah d. Samuel- Hannah 3. Prayed for and blessed seven lepers 4. Was angry when he saw David in the battle field. 5. Who among the following s not Jesses son? A. Jonathan b. Eliab c.


Children s role in making a happy home include a. Being kind b. Helpful to one another c. Share home activitieswww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke d. Obey and respect their parents e. Work hard at school f. Being good listeners to instruction and advice given. G. Taking care of family and personal property. 2. Luke 2:51-52 a. When Jesus was years old he went with parent to Jerusalem to celebrate and they went back home in b. Jesus grew up in and gaining favour with and c. Colossians 3:20 Children, it is your christain duty to for that is what pleases God. Quiz 1. Was given skills and ability to work on silver and gold 2. Blessed and the poor in spirit 3. Why was King Saul rejected by God a. He got possessed by the evil spirit b. He wanted to kill David c. He obeyed God d. He married many wives 4. Jonathan, David s friend was the son of 5. Was the disciples that Jesus loved most. Recitationwww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke - Early church - Apostle Creed - Fruit of the holy spirit EFFECTS OF GOOD AND BAD RELATIONSHIP IN THE FAMILY 1. Benefit of good relationship in a family include a. Respect among members b. Love among members c. Enhanced communication and openness d. Harmony and unity in the family e. Promoting concern for each other f. Stability and security. 2.


Promoting concern for each other f. Stability and security. 2. Effect of bad relationship in a family - Unfaithfulness - Impatience and lack of understanding - Lack of respect, obedience and love - Oppression, frustration, hopelessness and depression - Selfishness - Increase in pride - Lack of peace and harmony Luke 15:11-24 - The prodigal lost son took all his - He wasted it and went back home and his father forgave him - The parable teaches that when we repent God is ready to forgive us because he loves us.www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke Ephesians 4:26 - In our anger we should not sin - We should not let the sun go down while still angry John 11:1-27 - Lazarus sisters were and - They lived in - acknowledged Jesus as the messiah, the son of God - went to meet Jesus but stayed in the same house. Quiz 1. The disciple of Jesus also known as Twin is 2. Who among the disciples of Jesus did not see the risen Christ? 3. Christianity was first introduced in Kenya in the mid 18th century by missionaries who were sent by 4. Brothers choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the spirit and wisdom , who among the following are the seven deacons? A. Philip, Mathias, Nicolas, And Timon b. Paul, Stephen, Procoru, And Nicana c. Timon, Nicolus, Nicanor And Cleopas d. Nicolas, Parmenas, Timon And Philip 5. Jesus healed a blind man who always sat by the roadside in Jericho. The blind man was called? Recitation - Seven deacons - Beatitudes - Lord s prayerwww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke CHRIST OUR EXAMPLE 1. Jesus showed what love is through his many acts of mercy and kindness. 2. His greatest act of love was his death on the cross. 3. Mark 15:1-5 a. Jesus was taken before and accused of claiming to be b. Jesus was the son of God and He did not boast about it. 4. Memorize 1 john 4:7-8 Dear friends, lets us love one another because love comes from God. Whoever loves is a child of God and knows God.


4. Memorize 1 john 4:7-8 Dear friends, lets us love one another because love comes from God. Whoever loves is a child of God and knows God. Whoever does not love does not know God Recitation - Song- Jesus loves me Jesus love is very wonderful - Disciples of Jesus - Order of Creation - King David achievement. Quiz 1. Who was thrown in the den of lions for kneeling and praying to God? 2. True riches should be stored in? 3. Who was an apostle of the gentiles? 4. Blessed are the poor in spirit 5. I am fearfully and wonderfully made were said by? Unit evaluation exercise 1. CRE klb pg 1717-172 1-15 2. Spotlight pg 86-88www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke 3. Revision exercise 7a 7b UNIT 8www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke CIVIC RESPONSIBILITIES 1. The meaning and purpose of authority Luke 22:24-27 - Authority is the power to set rules and guide other people to achieve set goals. -. The duties of citizens are called responsibility - Authority is found in all sectors at LevelleadersAuthorityHomeParentsGuiding and counseling- Discipline children - Training children to be morally upright - Settling disputes at home SchoolHead teacherEnsuring school rulesare followedDeputy teacher TeachersInstilling discipline - Supervising school activities - Impart knowledge ChurchBishopPreaching the word ofGodPastors - Priests Guiding and counseling members - Making rules for the church - Leading people in forgiveness and reconciliation GovernmentPresidentEnsure that there is lawwww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke - Mps - Governors - Dcs and order - Maintain security in the country - Developing the country - Implementing government policies - Luke 22:24-27 Jesus taught the disciples that the purpose of authority is service. -. Christians should obey and respect people in authority because authority is from God. -. Jesus used authority to serve others. Questions 1. Authority comes from 2. God wants us to respect people in authority 3. Jesus taught that to be a leader you have to 4. State two ways in which teachers can use their authority in school 5.


God wants us to respect people in authority 3. Jesus taught that to be a leader you have to 4. State two ways in which teachers can use their authority in school 5. Became the leader of disciples after accession of Jesus Christ. 2. Respect for people in authority Romans 13:1-7, Titus 3;11 - Authority exists to serve the community - Leaders are people of authority - There is peace and harmony when we respect people in authority. -. We respect people in authority by: a. Obeying the rules of the country b. Paying taxes c. Encouraging and supporting themwww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke d. Implementing policies laid down e. Carrying out duties assigned to us f. Correcting them with love when they make wrong decisions. G. Praying for them. H. Guiding and counseling those who oppose our leaders. -. Romans 13:1-7 Paul tells us that we should obey authority not for fear of punishment but as our Christian duty. When we obey we please God as leaders are God s servants. -. Titus 3:1 we should submit to rulers and authorities, obey them and be ready to do good in every way memory verse Questions 1. State three ways of which we can show respect for people in authority 2. We show authority to school authorities by and 3. We should to rulers and authorities, them and be ready to good in all ways. 4. St. Paul worked as a 5. The collection of books written by Paul is called? Name them 3. Building a better society through love, peace and unity Colossians 3:12-15, Romans 13:1-7 Activity relating to national anthem - Love, peace and unity brings prosperity and harmony in a nation - Love, peace and unity fostered our country s development in a. Building learning institutions through Harambeewww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke b. Raising money to pay hospital bills and school fees. -. Love, peace and unity can develop if we:- a. Share with others b. Respect others c. Obey rules d. Understanding others e. Avoid quarrels - Factors to undermine love, peace and unity a. Selfish and un co-operative behavior b. Social evils e.g. bribery, injustice, tribalism c.


Selfish and un co-operative behavior b. Social evils e.g. bribery, injustice, tribalism c. Quarrels, fights, war d. Suspicion of each other e. Disobeying the laws of the country. -. Colossians 3:12-15 a good society should have the following qualities- kindness, humility, gentleness, love, peace, patience and compassion. Questions 1. Love, peace and unity are words found in our 2. God asks us to tolerate and one another if a quarrel arise among us. 3. Which of the following promote peace, love and unity? A. Revenge and kindness b. Pride and hard work c. Hard work and revenge d. Forgiveness and tolerance. 4. The greatest fruit of the holy spirit is www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke 5. The greatest commandment is based on 4. Care Of Personal And Public Property Exodus 20:13,15,17 - Property are things we own - Personal property- are things that belongs to an individual - Public property- are things that belong to the community or state. They are shared by all the people; they are either built or bought by tax payers money. -. Example in each category Personal propertyPublic propertyClothesRoadsHousesSchoolsCarsHospitalBicyclesGovernment vehiclesSchool bagsRailways , public toilets - Ways of misuse of these property include:- a. Stealing, destroying or mishandling public property b. Deforestation c. Dumping garbage anywhere resulting to disease. D. Vandalism of telephone booths, wires, streetlightswww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke e. Killing - Ways of caring for these properties include a. Washing and keeping personal property clean b. Proper disposal of refuse c. Cleaning the environment and planting trees d. Proper use of public amenities e.g. toilets. -. Exodus 20:13, 15, 17 life belong to God and should be protected hence should not commit murder. -. We should respect other people s property by not desiring. Questions 1. Property is divided into two categories namely and 2. Name 3 things the we should not desire according to exodus 20:17 3. When we take care of the property a. God is not involved b. We glorify God c.


When we take care of the property a. God is not involved b. We glorify God c. We suffer for it d. It becomes ours. 4. Which one of the following shoes that we take care of public property? A. Water shortages b. Garbage along the roads c. Dirty toilets d. Neat classrooms with clean walls. 5. Name two public properties 5. Activities Of The Harambee Youth Week Ephesians 4:2, 15-16www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke - Harambee means working together to accomplish a certain goal. -. Takes place once a year as it is set aside by the government of Kenya. -. The youth are involved in a. Visiting the sick b. Helping the needy c. Caring for and cleaning the environment d. Participating in youth exchange programs e. CREating awareness of the youth rights and responsibilities. -. Ephesians 4:2, 15-16 we should work together as the body works. -. Christians are expected to have virtues like: Humility Gentleness Patience Tolerance and love. Questions 1 What is Harambee youth week 2 List at least three activities youth can participate in during the Harambee Youth Week. A. b. c. 3 The greatest value required in the breaking of bread is? 4 Who among the following was told by God to preserve the gift that God had given him? A. Timothy b. Titus c. Silaswww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke d. Apollos 6. Christian Obligation towards Strangers Matthew25:35, 38,40 - Strangers are the people we do not know or have never met before. -. We meet strangers in public places - We should treat strangers by :- a. Greeting them and finding out whether they need assistance. B. Providing them with food, water, shelter and clothing. C. Directing them to places they want to get to. D. Being hospitable to them. -. It is our Christian duty to help the strangers because We obey Jesus teachings We show the readiness to help those in need It promotes love, peace and unity. It is a way of serving God. It is loving others as we love ourselves. -. Jesus taught that we should help strangers by feeding them, giving them a drink, clothing and welcoming them in our homes.


It is a way of serving God. It is loving others as we love ourselves. -. Jesus taught that we should help strangers by feeding them, giving them a drink, clothing and welcoming them in our homes. -. As Christians we should not discriminate but treat all as God s children. Questionswww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke a. Who is a stranger? B. The deacons chosen to distribute food, who among them was a gentile? C. was referred as the apostle of the gentiles d. According to Christian teachings, the MAIN purpose for marriage is to? E. Who among the following sons of Jacob was an ancestor of Jesus? A. Reuben b. Simeon c. Judah d. Benjamin 7. Helping In Literacy Work Proverbs 4:13 - Illiteracy means inability to read and write - Literacy is the ability to read and write. -. Christians help to fight illiteracy through Donating reading and writing materials Discouraging school drop-outs. Educating parents on the importance of education Volunteering to teach illiterate people Building more schools through Harambee. -. The government has helped reduce illiteracy through:- Free primary education Providing textbooks and other equipments Training teachers. -. Proverbs 4:13- we should remember all that we have learnt - We should value our education and use it well.www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke Questions 1. The ability to read and write is called? 2. Paul was brought up under strict instructions of a man known as? A. Appolos b. Timothy c. Gamaliel d. Eliazar 3. The current minister of education is? 4. Jesus taught using? 5. Is the only prophetic book in the New Testament and is the only historical book in the New Testament. 8. Our Role In Community Work Philippians 2:1-5 - Community work is work or activities done by the residents of a place to uplift their social and economic welfare. -. The activities include: a. Building schools and hospitals b. Conservation of soil and water resources c. Sensitizing the community on development projects. D. Contributing money towards school fees for the needy and hospital bills, building gabions and planting cover crops to prevent soil erosion. Advantages of working together a.


D. Contributing money towards school fees for the needy and hospital bills, building gabions and planting cover crops to prevent soil erosion. Advantages of working together a. Helps us to live in peace, love and unity b. Enables us to give service to each other c. Helps us to do a lot of work within a short time.www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke d. Brings faster development in our community. E. Helps christens express their unity in Christ. -. Philippians 2:1-5: Christians show love, care and concern towards those in need when they take part in the community work. -. We should be willing to take part in the community work. Questions 1. List three advantages of working together 2. The best way a Christian can use leisure to serve God is by? A. Participating in community work b. Taking part in community celebrations c. Participating in games d. Entertaining friend at home. 3. The book of Acts was written by? 4. Was raised by Peter from the dead. 5. Which one of the following Christian values do Christians learn from the story of Tabitha making clothes for the poor? A. Kindness b. Humility c. Honesty d. Purity 9. Celebrating National Days And Christian Festivals Leviticus 23:39-44 - National days are days when Nations in the world remember important events. -. Christian festivals are celebrated to remember important Christian events.www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke - Example of these days are:- National Days - Labour Day Christian Festivals - Good Friday Madaraka DayEaster Sunday MondayMashujaa DayPentecost DayJamuhuri DayChristmas Day - National days are celebrated by:- Singing the National Anthem Performing dances and entertainments. Listening to patriotic songs. Listening to Presidential speech. Visiting places of interest e.g. recreational facilities. -. Christian festivals are celebrated by :- Going to church to worship. Sharing with the needy. Praying and singing together Exchanging gifts. Visiting the needy. -. Leviticus 23:39-44: God commanded the Israelites to celebrate the festivals of shelters or booths or tabernacle. The people were to offer food, offerings and sacrifices. Questions 1. Name three national days in Kenya. 2.


Questions 1. Name three national days in Kenya. 2. Name three Christian festivalswww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke 3. The feast described in Leviticus 23:39-44 is the? A. Passover feast b. Harvest feast c. Purification feast d. Feast of weeks 4. The Christian festival which is celebrated to mark Christ s victory over death is? 5. Was a Jew from Alexandria who was an eloquent speaker and had a good knowledge of the scripture. Topical summary questions Primary CRE- let us remember 192-194 UNIT 9www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke GOD S PURPOSE FOR EVERY CHILD 1. -. Our Fears - Overcoming Fear By Relaying On God 2. Careers In Adult Life 3. The Purpose Of God For Every Child 4. Jesus as a Refugee in Egypt. 1. OUR FEARS - Fear is the feeling that something bad might happen. -. Fear include An attack Punishment Murder- death Sickness Accidents - Imagined fears include:- Darkness ghost Failure New environment. -. We overcome fear by 1. Praying to God. 2. Sharing with others 3. Seeking advice from friends and responsible adults. -. John 16:16-21:www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke a. Jesus explains he will die, be buried and resurrect. B. His disappearance will bring temporary pain but eventually joy. Quiz 1. Jesus went to the temple when he was years old. 2. Samuel was called by God times. 3. Which is the main value required by boys and girls in African traditional society? 4. Who were the parents of Samuel? 5. Which is the greatest commandment according to Jesus Christ? Recitation 1. Song by the Angels to the shepherd. 2. Life among the early church. 3. Ten Commandments. Overcoming Our Fear by Relaying On God - We can overcome our fears if we fully trust God in everything. -. In prayer, let our worry be known to God. -. Psalms 34:4: David says, I prayed to the Lord and he answered me; he free me from - Isaiah 41:10: God is our protector and savior. We should not fear anything. Quiz 1. Jesus Christ chose His first four disciples who were?


We should not fear anything. Quiz 1. Jesus Christ chose His first four disciples who were? 2. When Jesus began his ministry he was years old. 3. Which king of Israel did not worship other gods and was called a man after God s own heart? 4. A Jewish servant girl helped her master to get healed from leprosy. 5. Who among the following never lived in Egypt? A. Jesuswww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke b. Abraham c. Solomon d. Jacob 6. Jesus grew up in? Recitation 1. Ten commandments 2. God s promises to Abraham 3. Sons of Jacob. 2. CAREERS IN ADULT LIFE - The kind of work or occupation people choose to be when they grow up is a career. -. A career is also an occupation one chooses to be their life s work in future. -. A career gives an opportunity to make use of the talents God has given us. -. Ephesians 1:15-18: in prayer we should ask God to give us the Holy Spirit that will a. Make us wise b. Help us know. C. Understand God s plan for our future. Quiz 1. Was the last Judge of Israel. 2. Broke the commandment do not kill 3. A Jewish servant girl advised Namaan to see prophet to be healed 4. ,. A disciple did not believe Jesus had risen. 5. The spirit of the Lord is upon me, for He has anointed me to preach good news to the poor . Jesus read this scripture from the book of 6. Jesus appeared to on their walk to Emmaus. Recitationwww.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke 1. Song spirit of the Lord. 2. Order of Creation 3. Disciples. 3. THE PURPOSE OF GOD FOR EVERY CHILD 1. We are all God s children and He has a particular purpose for each one of us. 2. God s purpose for each child include a. Bring prosperity and hope. B. Doing everything without complaining c. Be innocent and pure d. Be holy and perfect even though living with sinful and corrupt people. E. Avoid being shy and proud. F. Allow the spirit to fill us with love, power and self-control. 3.


F. Allow the spirit to fill us with love, power and self-control. 3. Jeremiah 29:11 memorize I alone know the plans I have for you. Plans to bring you prosperity and not disaster, plans to bring the future you hope for . Quiz 1. Which King wanted to kill baby JESUS? 2. Why did the Israelites go to live in Egypt? A. Because Joseph had bought a piece of land there. B. Because they were looking for jobs. C. Because John fought the angel and they had to run away from God. D. Because there was famine in the land. 3. While in the synagogue of Nazareth, Jesus read from the book of? 4. Prophet prophesied that a virgin would give birth to a son. 5. Why did angel Gabriel tell Mary to name her son Jesus ? Www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke a. Because he would be the savior of the world b. Because he would rule forever. C. Because he would be the prince. D. Because God wanted him to be born. Recitations 1. Song- Angels to the shepherd 2. Fruits of the Holy Spirit. 3. Jacob s sons. 4. Jesse s sons. 4. JESUS CHRIST AS REFUGEE IN EGYPT. MATTHEW2:13-14, PHILIPPIANS 4:13 - A refugee is a person who has been forced to leave his her country because of: War or fighting Religious reasons Social reasons Political reasons. -. Challenges faced by refugees Lack of food, shelter and clothing Lack of medical facilities. Lack of security. -. Matthew2:13-14 : King Herod learnt of the birth of Jesus through Magi wise men who came from East www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke - King Herod planned to kill the baby boys as prophesied by Jeremiah. -. Joseph, Mary and Jesus fled to Egypt as refugees. -. The parents had hope in God s protection, deliverance and faithfulness. Questions 1. Jesus was a refugee in 2. Which prophet foretold about Jesus being a refugee in Egypt? 3. Matthew2:15 Jesus and his parents fled to Egypt to fulfill the prophecy of God that, I called my son of Egypt. 4.


3. Matthew2:15 Jesus and his parents fled to Egypt to fulfill the prophecy of God that, I called my son of Egypt. 4. Which prophet prophesied the birth place of Jesus? 5. I alone know the plans I have for you; plans to give you a future and hope , were words said by prophet? 5. THE HOPE OF JESUS CHRIST FOR HUMAN KIND. -. Hope is to have faith that something will happen. -. Jesus went in the synagogue of Nazareth and was given a scroll as it was written by prophet Isaiah. -. Jesus spoke of his hope for human kind which was:- To bring good news to the poor. To proclaim liberty to the captives. To give sight to the blind.www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke To set the oppressed free. To announce that the time had come when the Lord will save His people. -. Jesus enlightened Nicodemus and gave sight to Bartimeus. -. He set free the Gerasene demoniac. -. Jesus healed the lepers and kept company of the tax collectors. -. Angel Gabriel announced that Jesus was to save Jews. -. The angel told the shepherds that he had good news for them. Questions 1. Name three people who received information about the birth of Jesus from the angel 2. Jesus was born in and brought up in 3. Who were the two seCREt disciples of Jesus? 4. Who were the first people to know about the birth of Jesus? 5. Who brought gifts to baby Jesus? 6. REASON FOR THE BIRTH OF JESUS CHRIST MATTHEW1:21 - God had planned for Jesus Christ to be born - Angel Gabriel told Mary to name the child Jesus meaning savior. -. Jesus was born to save people from sins. -. Jesus was born to proclaim the love of God for all people. -. Purpose of God sending Jesus was to reconcile human beings who had fallen to sin through Adam. -. Jesus said it is finished meaning his mission to forgive sins through shedding blood was over. -. During the last supper, Jesus told his disciples that his body and blood would take away sins from mankind.www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke - God showed love for us by sending Jesus Christ. Questions 1. The annunciation of Jesus is recorded in the book of? 2. Angel announced the birth of the messiah. 3.


2.Angel announced the birth of the messiah.3.At that time when Jesus was born, emperor had called for census.4.and asked for permission to bury the body of Jesus.5.Jesus celebrated the Passover in the house of?www.arena.co.ke 0713779527info arena.co.ke.


Get more notes and past papers at downloads.easyelimu.com. Synopsis and Summary of Acts - A Doll's House Study GuideSynopsisA Doll s House traces the awakening of Nora Helmer from her previously unexamined life of domestic,wifely comfort. Having been ruled her whole life by either her father or her husband Torvald, Nora finallycomes to question the foundation of everything she has believed in once her marriage is put to the test. Having borrowed money from a man of ill-repute named Krogstad by forging her father s signature, shewas able to pay for a trip to Italy to save her sick husband s life he was unaware of the loan, believingthat the money came from Nora s father. Since then, she has had to contrive ways to pay back her loan,growing particularly concerned with money and the ways of a complex world. When the play opens, it is Christmas Eve, and we find that Torvald has just been promoted to manager ofthe bank, where he will receive a huge wage and be extremely powerful. Nora is thrilled because shethinks that she will finally be able to pay off the loan and be rid of it. Her happiness, however, is marredwhen an angry Krogstad approaches her. He has just learned that his position at the bank has beenpromised to Mrs. Linde, an old school friend of Nora s who has recently arrived in town in search of work,and he tells Nora that he will reveal her secret if she does not persuade her husband to let him keep hisposition. Nora tries to convince Torvald to preserve Krogstad s job, using all of her feminine tricks whichhe encourages , but she is unsuccessful. Torvald tells her that Krogstad s morally corrupt nature isphysically repulsive to him and impossible to work with. Nora becomes very worried. The next day, Nora is nervously moving about the house, afraid that Krogstad will appear at any minute. Her anxiety is reduced by being preoccupied with the preparations for a big fancy-dress party that willtake place the next night in a neighbor s apartment. When Torvald returns from the bank, she again takesup her pleas on behalf of Krogstad. This time, Torvald not only refuses but also sends off the noticeof termination that he has already prepared for Krogstad, reassuring a scared Nora that he will take uponhimself any bad things that befall them as a result.


Nora becomes very worried. The next day, Nora is nervously moving about the house, afraid that Krogstad will appear at any minute. Her anxiety is reduced by being preoccupied with the preparations for a big fancy-dress party that willtake place the next night in a neighbor s apartment. When Torvald returns from the bank, she again takesup her pleas on behalf of Krogstad. This time, Torvald not only refuses but also sends off the noticeof termination that he has already prepared for Krogstad, reassuring a scared Nora that he will take uponhimself any bad things that befall them as a result. Nora is extremely moved by this comment. She beginsto consider the possibility of this episode transforming their marriage for the better as well as thepossibility of suicide. Meanwhile, she converses and flirts with a willing Dr. Rank. Learning that he is rapidly dying, she has anintimate conversation with him that culminates in him professing his love for her just before she is able toask him for financial help. His words stop her, and she steers the conversation back to safer ground. Theirtalk is interrupted by the announcement of Krogstad s presence. Nora asks Dr. Rank to leave and hasKrogstad brought in. Krogstad tells her that he has had a change of heart and that, though he will keep the bond, he will notreveal her to the public. Instead, he wants to give Torvald a note explaining the matter so that Torvald willbe pressed to help Krogstad rehabilitate himself and keep his position at the bank. Nora protests againstTorvald s involvement, but Krogstad drops the letter in Torvald s letterbox anyway, much to Nora s horror. Nora exclaims aloud that she and Torvald are lost. Still, she tries to use her charms to prevent Torvaldfrom reading the letter, luring him away from business by begging him to help her with the tarantella forthe next night s party. He agrees to put off business until the next day. The letter remains in the letterbox. The next night, before Torvald and Nora return from the ball, Mrs. Linde and Krogstad, who are old lovers,reunite in the Helmers living room. Mrs. Linde asks to take care of Krogstad and his children and to helphim become the better man that he knows he is capable of becoming.


Linde and Krogstad, who are old lovers,reunite in the Helmers living room. Mrs. Linde asks to take care of Krogstad and his children and to helphim become the better man that he knows he is capable of becoming. The Helmers return from the ball asMrs. Linde is leaving Krogstad has already left , with Torvald nearly dragging Nora into the room. Alone, Torvald tells Nora how much he desires her but is interrupted by Dr. Rank. The doctor,unbeknownst to Torvald, has come by to say his final farewells, as he covertly explains to Nora. After heleaves, Nora is able to deter Torvald from pursuing her any more by reminding him of the ugliness ofdeath that has just come between them, Nora having revealed Dr. Rank s secret. Seeing thatTorvald finally has collected his letters, she resigns herself to committing suicide. As she is leaving, though, Torvald stops her. He has just read Krogstad s letter and is enraged by itscontents. He accuses Nora of ruining his life. He essentially tells her that he plans on forsaking her,contrary to his earlier claim that he would take on everything himself. During his tirade, he is interruptedGet more notes and past papers at downloads.easyelimu.com.by the maid bearing another note from Krogstad and addressed to Nora. Torvald reads it and becomesoverjoyed. Krogstad has had a change of heart and has sent back the bond. Torvald quickly tells Nora thatit is all over after all: he has forgiven her, and her pathetic attempt to help him has only made her moreendearing than ever. Seeing Torvald s true character for the first time, Nora sits her husband down to tell him that she isleaving him. After he protests, she explains that he does not love her and, after tonight, she does notlove him. She tells him that, given the suffocating life she has led until now, she owes it to herself tobecome fully independent and to explore her own character and the world for herself. As she leaves, shereveals to Torvald that she hopes that a miracle might occur: that one day, they might be able to unitein real wedlock.


After he protests, she explains that he does not love her and, after tonight, she does notlove him. She tells him that, given the suffocating life she has led until now, she owes it to herself tobecome fully independent and to explore her own character and the world for herself. As she leaves, shereveals to Torvald that she hopes that a miracle might occur: that one day, they might be able to unitein real wedlock. The play ends with the door slamming on her way out. Summary of ActsAct OneNora Helmer enters her lovely living room laden with packages and a Christmas tree, humming a happytune and sneaking a macaroon. Her husband, Torvald, greets her with questions about her spending,calling Nora his little lark, squirrel, spendthrift, and sweet tooth. Nora reminds him that they haveno worries since Torvald has just been offered a bank managerial position, but her husband opts forcaution. When Torvald inquires what she desires for Christmas, Nora asks for money. Two visitors enterthe house: Dr. Rank accompanies Torvald to his study, and Mrs. Linde, an old friend who has been out oftouch, joins Nora. The two women share confidences, and Nora reveals that she has hidden more thanmacaroons from her husband. Due to Torvald s serious illness several years prior, Nora explains, she hadto finance a year of recovery in Italy. While she told Torvald that her father had left them the money, Noraactually forged her father s signature and borrowed the money from a lawyer named Krogstad. Justifyingher dishonesty by saving Torvald s health and pride, Nora explains that she has been secretly working topay off the loan, and she is almost free of her debt. Krogstad enters next, hoping to salvage his position atthe bank by speaking to Torvald. After Krogstad leaves, Nora is able to talk Torvald into giving Mrs. Linde aposition at the bank. Torvald, Dr. Rank, and Mrs. Linde leave, and Nora visits with her three children. Krogstad returns with a threat: Nora must get Torvald to keep Krogstad s position at the bank, or Krogstadwill reveal Nora s deception and forgery.


Torvald, Dr. Rank, and Mrs. Linde leave, and Nora visits with her three children. Krogstad returns with a threat: Nora must get Torvald to keep Krogstad s position at the bank, or Krogstadwill reveal Nora s deception and forgery. Upon Torvald s return, Nora questions him about Krogstad s past,and Torvald explains that Krogstad lost his own reputation due to forgery. Declaring that such a lie infects the whole life of a home, Helmer returns to his study, leaving Nora anxious but determined. Act TwoThe curtain rises on the same room the next day, which is Christmas. Nora paces frantically, anxious thatKrogstad will return to reveal her forgery to Torvald. The nurse enters with a box of masquerade clothesfor the next evening s festivities, and Nora questions her about children who grow up without mothers. Kristine Linde enters, and as she helps Nora repair her masquerade dress, Nora confides in her friend onceagain. Assuring Kristine that she did not get the money from Dr. Rank, Nora asks Mrs. Linde to play withthe children while she speaks to Torvald. Promising to scamper about and do tricks if only Torvald wouldgive in, Nora asks her husband to keep Krogstad at the bank. Reminding her that rumors would spreadabout his wife s influence, Torvald denies Nora s request. When she says his concerns about propriety are petty, Torvald becomes incensed and sends Krogstad s termination letter to his home. Dr. Rank confidesto Nora that he is dying and that he has loved her for years. Unable to ask the doctor for help after hisadmission, Nora asks for a lamp to be brought in. Krogstad, having received his termination, returns tothreaten Nora again, and the two admit that though they have both considered suicide, neither can braveit. Krogstad leaves, but his letter revealing all is clearly heard entering the mail slot. Nora keeps Torvaldfrom reading the letter by begging his help with the tarantella dance she will perform at the masquerade. Dancing frenetically as though her life were at stake, Nora keeps Torvald occupied re-teaching her thedance.


Krogstad, having received his termination, returns tothreaten Nora again, and the two admit that though they have both considered suicide, neither can braveit. Krogstad leaves, but his letter revealing all is clearly heard entering the mail slot. Nora keeps Torvaldfrom reading the letter by begging his help with the tarantella dance she will perform at the masquerade. Dancing frenetically as though her life were at stake, Nora keeps Torvald occupied re-teaching her thedance. But tomorrow night, she promises him, then you ll be free. Act ThreeThe act opens, once again, in the Helmer s living room, where Kristine Linde awaits the Helmers returnfrom the party upstairs. Nora has just danced the tarantella. As Mrs. Linde waits, Krogstad arrives at herrequest. Kristine asks Krogstad to give them a second chance at a relationship. Krogstad agrees,Get more notes and past papers at downloads.easyelimu.com.promising to retrieve his letter of revelation, but Kristine convinces him to let the truth come to light forthe good of both Nora and Torvald. The Helmers arrive from the party, Kristine leaves, and Torvald samorous mood is interrupted by a visit from Dr. Rank, who leaves his calling card marked by the blackcross that announces his impending death. Helmer tells Nora that he has often wished for some danger tobefall her so that he can rescue her, and Nora seizes this opportunity to encourage Torvald to readKrogstad s letter. Torvald reads it and immediately chastises Nora, claiming she has wrecked hishappiness and ruined his future. Torvald explains that Nora can stay in the house but will be unfit to raisethe children. From now on, Torvald claims, happiness doesn t matter; all that matters is . . . Theappearance. When a letter arrives including Nora s cancelled debt, Torvald is happy again. But Nora isforever changed by her husband s reaction, and after removing her masquerade costume, she sits downwith Torvald to share the first serious conversation of their eight year marriage. Declaring she has been wronged greatly by both her father and her husband, Nora compares her existence in their homes to adoll in a doll house.


Theappearance. When a letter arrives including Nora s cancelled debt, Torvald is happy again. But Nora isforever changed by her husband s reaction, and after removing her masquerade costume, she sits downwith Torvald to share the first serious conversation of their eight year marriage. Declaring she has been wronged greatly by both her father and her husband, Nora compares her existence in their homes to adoll in a doll house. When Torvald declares his wife cannot leave because her husband and children areher most sacred duties, Nora responds with I have other duties equally sacred. . . .Before all else, I m ahuman being. Nora is determined to remain strangers unless the greatest miracle of all could happen the ability to live together in a true marriage. Nora departs, and the audience is left with the sound of adoor slamming shut. Powered by TCPDF www.tcpdf.org Get more notes and past papers at downloads.easyelimu.com. Themes, Motifs Symbols - A Doll's House Study GuideThemes, Motifs SymbolsThemesThemes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. The Sacrificial Role of Women Role of women in the societyIn A Doll s House, Ibsen paints a bleak picture of the sacrificial role held by women of all economic classesin his society. In general, the play s female characters exemplify Nora s assertion spoken to Torvald in ActThree that even though men refuse to sacrifice their integrity, hundreds of thousands of women have. The following points show how women sacrifice in this society. In order to support her mother and two brothers, Mrs. Linde found it necessary to abandonKrogstad, her true but penniless love, and marry a richer man. The nanny had to abandon her own child to support herself by working as Nora s and then asNora s children s caretaker.


.Before all else, I m ahuman being. Nora is determined to remain strangers unless the greatest miracle of all could happen the ability to live together in a true marriage. Nora departs, and the audience is left with the sound of adoor slamming shut. Powered by TCPDF www.tcpdf.org Get more notes and past papers at downloads.easyelimu.com. Themes, Motifs Symbols - A Doll's House Study GuideThemes, Motifs SymbolsThemesThemes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. The Sacrificial Role of Women Role of women in the societyIn A Doll s House, Ibsen paints a bleak picture of the sacrificial role held by women of all economic classesin his society. In general, the play s female characters exemplify Nora s assertion spoken to Torvald in ActThree that even though men refuse to sacrifice their integrity, hundreds of thousands of women have. The following points show how women sacrifice in this society. In order to support her mother and two brothers, Mrs. Linde found it necessary to abandonKrogstad, her true but penniless love, and marry a richer man. The nanny had to abandon her own child to support herself by working as Nora s and then asNora s children s caretaker. As she tells Nora, the nanny considers herself lucky to have found thejob, since she was a poor girl who d been led astray. Though Nora is economically advantaged in comparison to the play s other female characters, shenevertheless leads a difficult life because society dictates that Torvald be the marriage s dominantpartner. Torvald issues decrees and condescends to Nora, and Nora must hide her loan from him becauseshe knows Torvald could never accept the idea that his wife or any otherwoman had helped save his life. Furthermore, she must work in secret to pay off her loan because it is illegal for a woman to obtaina loan without her husband s permission. By motivating Nora s deception, the attitudes ofTorvald and society leave Nora vulnerable to Krogstad s blackmail. Nora s abandonment of her children can also be interpreted as an act of self- sacrifice. Despite Nora s great love for her children manifested by her interaction with them and her greatfear of corrupting them she chooses to leave them.


Linde found it necessary to abandonKrogstad, her true but penniless love, and marry a richer man. The nanny had to abandon her own child to support herself by working as Nora s and then asNora s children s caretaker. As she tells Nora, the nanny considers herself lucky to have found thejob, since she was a poor girl who d been led astray. Though Nora is economically advantaged in comparison to the play s other female characters, shenevertheless leads a difficult life because society dictates that Torvald be the marriage s dominantpartner. Torvald issues decrees and condescends to Nora, and Nora must hide her loan from him becauseshe knows Torvald could never accept the idea that his wife or any otherwoman had helped save his life. Furthermore, she must work in secret to pay off her loan because it is illegal for a woman to obtaina loan without her husband s permission. By motivating Nora s deception, the attitudes ofTorvald and society leave Nora vulnerable to Krogstad s blackmail. Nora s abandonment of her children can also be interpreted as an act of self- sacrifice. Despite Nora s great love for her children manifested by her interaction with them and her greatfear of corrupting them she chooses to leave them. Nora truly believes that the nanny will be abetter mother and that leaving her children is in their best interest. Parental and Filial ObligationsNora, Torvald, and Dr. Rank each express the belief that a parent is obligated to be honestand upstanding, because a parent s immorality is passed on to his or her children like a disease. In fact,Dr. Rank does have a disease that is the result of his father s depravity. Dr. Rank implies that his father simmorality his many affairs with women led him to contract a venereal disease that he passed on to hisson, causing Dr. Rank to suffer for his father s misdeeds. Torvald voices the idea that one s parentsdetermine one s moral character when he tells Nora, Nearly all young criminals had lying -mothers. Healso refuses to allow Nora to interact with their children after he learns of her deceit, for fear that she willcorrupt them. Yet, the play suggests that children too are obligated to protect their parents.


Rank to suffer for his father s misdeeds. Torvald voices the idea that one s parentsdetermine one s moral character when he tells Nora, Nearly all young criminals had lying -mothers. Healso refuses to allow Nora to interact with their children after he learns of her deceit, for fear that she willcorrupt them. Yet, the play suggests that children too are obligated to protect their parents. Norarecognized this obligation, but she ignored it, choosing to be with and sacrifice herself for hersick husband instead of her sick father. Mrs. Linde, on the other hand, abandoned her hopes of being withKrogstad and undertook years of labor in order to tend to her sick mother. Ibsen does not pass judgmenton either woman s decision, but he does use the idea of a child s debt to her parent to demonstrate thecomplexity and reciprocal nature of familial obligations. The Unreliability of AppearancesOver the course of A Doll s House, appearances prove to be misleading veneers that mask the reality ofthe play s characters and -situations. Our first impressions of Nora, Torvald, and Krogstad are alleventually undercut. Nora initially seems a silly, childish woman, but as the play progresses, we see thatGet more notes and past papers at downloads.easyelimu.com.she is intelligent, motivated, and, by the play s conclusion, a strongwilled, independent thinker. Torvald,though he plays the part of the strong, benevolent husband, reveals himself to be cowardly, petty, andselfish when he fears that Krogstad may expose him to scandal. Krogstad too reveals himself to be a muchmore sympathetic and merciful character than he first appears to be. The play s climax is largely a matterof resolving identity confusion we see Krogstad as an earnest lover, Nora as an intelligent, brave woman,and Torvald as a simpering, sad man. Situations too are misinterpreted both by us and by the characters. The seeming hatred between Mrs.Linde and Krogstad turns out to be love. Nora s creditor turns out to be Krogstad and not, as we and Mrs.Linde suppose, Dr. Rank. Dr. Rank, to Nora s and our surprise, confesses that he is in love with her.


Rank. Dr. Rank, to Nora s and our surprise, confesses that he is in love with her. Theseemingly villainous Krogstad repents and returns Nora s contract to her, while the seemingly kindheartedMrs. Linde ceases to help Nora and forces Torvald s discovery of Nora s secret. The instability of appearances within the Helmer household at the play s end results from Torvald sdevotion to an image at the expense of the creation of true happiness. Because Torvald craves respectfrom his employees, friends, and wife, status and image are important to him. Any disrespect when Noracalls him petty and when Krogstad calls him by his first name, for example angers Torvald greatly. By theend of the play, we see that Torvald s obsession with controlling his home s appearance and his repeatedsuppression and denial of reality have harmed his family and his happiness irreparably. Marriage as an Unequal PartnershipAt the heart of A Doll's House is the marriage between Nora and Torvald one fairly typical of the era. Is ita good or exemplary marriage? Is it an equitable relationship for the woman?A close analysis of the dialogue shows a very unequal relationship with Torvald holding all the power. Infact, the interactions between husband and wife serve a specific purpose: they illustrate the banality ofthe discourse between the two. Torvald does not address his wife regarding any subject of substance. Instead, he bestows her with pet names that often begin with the personal pronoun my and ofteninclude the diminutive little : Is that my little lark? In this respect, Torvald may think he is flattering hiswife. However, he is actually reducing her to a cute, harmless pet one that is clearly owned. And like a pet, Nora is expected to obey her owner husband and his petty tyrannical rules: she is forbiddenfrom eating macaroons and must do so on the sly which she clearly resents.


Infact, the interactions between husband and wife serve a specific purpose: they illustrate the banality ofthe discourse between the two. Torvald does not address his wife regarding any subject of substance. Instead, he bestows her with pet names that often begin with the personal pronoun my and ofteninclude the diminutive little : Is that my little lark? In this respect, Torvald may think he is flattering hiswife. However, he is actually reducing her to a cute, harmless pet one that is clearly owned. And like a pet, Nora is expected to obey her owner husband and his petty tyrannical rules: she is forbiddenfrom eating macaroons and must do so on the sly which she clearly resents. Additionally, when Torvaldaddresses Nora, he belittles her by constantly bringing up her lack of responsibility with money. Depending on the translation, Nora is spendthrift, prodigal and little moneybags. All of these terms,spoken affectionately, are passively aggressive. A Doll's House has few stage directions indicating tone of voice, so there is a great deal of freedom in themanner in which the actor can play the part Torvald. He can be playedlike a patriarchal tyrant or a fatuous, passive-aggressive sexist. The second option is, perhaps, the betterchoice; Torvald s utter obliviousness to his own oppressive behavior is a driving force in the play. Heberates his wife for knowing nothing about worldly matters but, ultimately, is himself unaware of themeasures she has taken to save his life. Torvald is so self-centered that he continues to see his wife howhe wants her to be or how she fails to be his ideal woman; he never sees the actual woman she is. MaterialismTorvald in particular focuses on money and material goods rather than people. His sense of manhooddepends on his financial independence. He was an unsuccessful barrister because he refused to take"unsavory cases.". As a result, he switched jobs to the bank, where he primarily deals with money. For him,money and materialism may be a way to avoid the complications of personal contact. Respect and ReputationThe men of A Doll's House are obsessed with their reputation. Some have good standing in theircommunities and will do anything to keep it; others have lost their good name and will do anything to getit back.


He was an unsuccessful barrister because he refused to take"unsavory cases.". As a result, he switched jobs to the bank, where he primarily deals with money. For him,money and materialism may be a way to avoid the complications of personal contact. Respect and ReputationThe men of A Doll's House are obsessed with their reputation. Some have good standing in theircommunities and will do anything to keep it; others have lost their good name and will do anything to getit back. Though the play is set in the living room of a private residence, the public eye is constantlypeeking through the curtains. Get more notes and past papers at downloads.easyelimu.com. Disease and MoralityDr. Rank has inherited his consumption from his father, who lived a morally questionable life, and in muchthe same way, Nora worries that her morally reprehensible actions fraudulently signing her father'sname will infect her children. Corruption, the play suggests, is hereditary. As he does in other plays, suchas The Wild Duck, Ibsen explores the tension between real life and moral ideals. Higher Moral Values vs. Societal Mores and LawsAs Nora reveals to Mrs. Linde, she faced a moral crisis at the beginning of her marriage. Unable to procure,in a legal manner, the funds needed to save her husband s life, she resorts to forging her father s name asguarantor of the loan. She places her love and concern for her husband s well-being above the law. Sinceshe diligently works to pay back the loan, the offense does not seem so severe; it is a crime in definitiononly. In a higher sense, Nora has not acted in an immoral manner. However, those who adhere to societal standards, like her husband, ultimately have different values. Torvald values social respectability and honor above all else, including actions done out of love. Nora values love over social honor. Consequently, a conflict emerges regarding their prioritization ofvalues. The Unexamined Life is Not Worth LivingThis paraphrase to a Socrates aphorism applies to Torvald and Nora. However. Nora eventually stops tolook at herself and her marriage and doesn t like what she sees. So she steps out of her old persona andinto a new one, and then walks into an uncertain future.


However. Nora eventually stops tolook at herself and her marriage and doesn t like what she sees. So she steps out of her old persona andinto a new one, and then walks into an uncertain future. She has begun examining her life. MotifsMotifs are recurring structures, contrasts, or literary devices that can help to develop and inform thetext s major themes. Nora s Definition of FreedomNora s understanding of the meaning of freedom evolves over the course of the play. In the first act, shebelieves that she will be totally free as soon as she has repaid her debt, because she will have theopportunity to devote herself fully to her domestic responsibilities. After Krogstad blackmails her,however, she reconsiders her conception of freedom and questions whether she is happy in Torvald shouse, subjected to his orders and edicts. By the end of the play, Nora seeks a new kind of freedom. Shewishes to be relieved of her familial obligations in order to pursue her own ambitions, beliefs, and identity. LettersMany of the plot s twists and turns depend upon the writing and reading of letters, which function withinthe play as the subtext that reveals the true, unpleasant nature of situations obscured by Torvald andNora s efforts at beautification. Krogstad writes two letters: the first reveals Nora s crime of forgery toTorvald; the second retracts his blackmail threat and returns Nora s promissory note. The first letter,which Krogstad places in Torvald s letterbox near the end of Act Two, represents the truth about Nora spast and initiates the inevitable dissolution of her marriage as Nora says immediately after Krogstadleaves it, We are lost. Nora s attempts to stall Torvald from reading the letter represent her continueddenial of the true nature of her marriage. The second letter releases Nora from her obligation to Krogstadand represents her release from her obligation to Torvald. Upon reading it, Torvald attempts to return tohis and Nora s previous denial of reality, but Nora recognizes that the letters have done more than exposeher actions to Torvald; they have exposed the truth about Torvald s selfishness, and she can no longerparticipate in the illusion of a happy marriage. Dr. Rank s method of communicating his imminent death is to leave his calling card marked with a blackcross in Torvald s letterbox.


The second letter releases Nora from her obligation to Krogstadand represents her release from her obligation to Torvald. Upon reading it, Torvald attempts to return tohis and Nora s previous denial of reality, but Nora recognizes that the letters have done more than exposeher actions to Torvald; they have exposed the truth about Torvald s selfishness, and she can no longerparticipate in the illusion of a happy marriage. Dr. Rank s method of communicating his imminent death is to leave his calling card marked with a blackcross in Torvald s letterbox. In an earlier conversation with Nora, Dr. Rank reveals his understanding ofTorvald s unwillingness to accept reality when he proclaims, Torvald is so fastidious, he cannot face up to-anything ugly. By leaving his calling card as a death notice, Dr. Rank politely attempts to keep TorvaldGet more notes and past papers at downloads.easyelimu.com.from the ugly truth. Other letters include Mrs. Linde s note to Krogstad, which initiates her -life-changingmeeting with him, and Torvald s letter of dismissal to Krogstad. SymbolsSymbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. The Christmas TreeThe Christmas tree, a festive object meant to serve a decorative purpose, symbolizes Nora s position inher household as a plaything who is pleasing to look at and adds charm to the home. There are severalparallels drawn between Nora and the Christmas tree in the play. Just as Nora instructs the maid that thechildren cannot see the tree until it has been decorated, she tells Torvald that no one can see her in herdress until the evening of the dance. Also, at the beginning of the second act, after Nora s psychologicalcondition has begun to erode, the stage directions indicate that the Christmas tree is correspondingly dishevelled. New Year s DayThe action of the play is set at Christmastime, and Nora and Torvald both look forward to New Year s asthe start of a new, happier phase in their lives. In the new year, Torvald will start his new job, and heanticipates with excitement the extra money and admiration the job will bring him. Nora also looksforward to Torvald s new job, because she will finally be able to repay her secret debt to Krogstad.


Also, at the beginning of the second act, after Nora s psychologicalcondition has begun to erode, the stage directions indicate that the Christmas tree is correspondingly dishevelled. New Year s DayThe action of the play is set at Christmastime, and Nora and Torvald both look forward to New Year s asthe start of a new, happier phase in their lives. In the new year, Torvald will start his new job, and heanticipates with excitement the extra money and admiration the job will bring him. Nora also looksforward to Torvald s new job, because she will finally be able to repay her secret debt to Krogstad. By theend of the play, however, the nature of the new start that New Year s represents for Torvald and Nora haschanged dramatically. They both must become new people and face radically changed ways of living. Hence, the new year comes to mark the beginning of a truly new and different period in both their livesand their personalities. Dress and CostumeNora's fancy dress for the party symbolizes the character she plays in her marriage to Torvald. Take noteof when Nora is supposed to be wearing it and for whom. Note too that when she leaves Torvald in the lastact, she first changes into different clothes, which suggests the new woman she is to become. The Masquerade BallThe masquerade ball that Torvald and Nora attend represents the lies and deceit that people resort to ineveryday life. At a masquerade, people hide behind masks. Their true selves cannot be seen through thecostume. Nora is hiding behind a mask of lies, keeping the truth from her husband and Dr. Rank. She ispretending and playing a part much like people do at a masquerade ball. It is not long after the ball thatthe mask comes off and the truth is revealed. The TarantellaA tarantella is a folk dance from southern Italy that accelerates from its already quick tempo andalternates between major and minor keys. In its constant fluctuation, it is like Nora's character. In this Act,it serves as Nora's last chance to be Torvald's doll, to dance and amuse him.


It is not long after the ball thatthe mask comes off and the truth is revealed. The TarantellaA tarantella is a folk dance from southern Italy that accelerates from its already quick tempo andalternates between major and minor keys. In its constant fluctuation, it is like Nora's character. In this Act,it serves as Nora's last chance to be Torvald's doll, to dance and amuse him. Also, the tarantella iscommonly and falsely known as a dance that is supposed to rid the dancer of the bite of the tarantula. Applied to the play, its use suggests that Nora is trying to rid herself of the deadly poison of an outsideforce, however fruitlessly. Rather than alleviating the bite, though, the music and her life only continue toaccelerate and spin out of control. Powered by TCPDF www.tcpdf.org Get more notes and past papers at downloads.easyelimu.com. CHARACTERS AND CHARACTERISATION - A Doll's House Study GuideCharacter ListNoraThe protagonist of the play and the wife of Torvald Helmer. Nora initially seems like a playful, na ve childwho lacks knowledge of the world outside her home. She does have some worldly experience, however,and the small acts of rebellion in which she engages indicate that she is not as innocent or happy as sheappears. She comes to see her position in her marriage with increasing clarity and finds the strength tofree herself from her oppressive situation. Torvald HelmerNora s husband. Torvald delights in his new position at the bank, just as he delights in his position ofauthority as a husband. He treats Nora like a child, in a manner that is both kind and patronizing. He doesnot view Nora as an equal but rather as a plaything or doll to be teased and admired. In general, Torvald isoverly concerned with his place and status in society, and he allows his emotions to be swayed heavily bythe prospect of society s respect and the fear of society s scorn. KrogstadA lawyer who went to school with Torvald and holds a subordinate position at Torvald s bank. Krogstad scharacter is contradictory: though his bad deeds seem to stem from a desire to protect his children fromscorn, he is perfectly willing to use unethical tactics to achieve his goals.


He doesnot view Nora as an equal but rather as a plaything or doll to be teased and admired. In general, Torvald isoverly concerned with his place and status in society, and he allows his emotions to be swayed heavily bythe prospect of society s respect and the fear of society s scorn. KrogstadA lawyer who went to school with Torvald and holds a subordinate position at Torvald s bank. Krogstad scharacter is contradictory: though his bad deeds seem to stem from a desire to protect his children fromscorn, he is perfectly willing to use unethical tactics to achieve his goals. His willingness to allow Nora tosuffer is despicable, but his claims to feel sympathy for her and the hard circumstances of his own lifecompel us to sympathize with him to some degree. Mrs. LindeNora s childhood friend. Kristine Linde is a practical, down-to-earth woman, and her sensible worldviewhighlights Nora s somewhat childlike outlook on life. Mrs. Linde s account of her life of poverty underscoresthe privileged nature of the life that Nora leads. Also, we learn that Mrs. Linde took responsibility for hersick parent, whereas Nora abandoned her father when he was ill. Dr. RankTorvald s best friend. Dr. Rank stands out as the one character in the play who is by and largeunconcerned with what others think of him. He is also notable for his stoic acceptance of his fate. UnlikeTorvald and Nora, Dr. Rank admits to the diseased nature literally, in his case of his life. For the mostpart, he avoids talking to Torvald about his imminent death out of respect for Torvald s distaste forugliness. Bob, Emmy, and IvarNora and Torvald s three small children. In her brief interaction with her children, Nora shows herself to bea loving mother. When she later refuses to spend time with her children because she fears she maymorally corrupt them, Nora acts on her belief that the quality of parenting strongly influences a child sdevelopment. Anne-MarieThe Helmers nanny. Though Ibsen doesn t fully develop her character, Anne-Marie seems to be a kindlywoman who has genuine affection for Nora. She had to give up her own daughter in order to take thenursing job offered by Nora s father. Thus, she shares with Nora and Mrs.


Though Ibsen doesn t fully develop her character, Anne-Marie seems to be a kindlywoman who has genuine affection for Nora. She had to give up her own daughter in order to take thenursing job offered by Nora s father. Thus, she shares with Nora and Mrs. Linde the act of sacrificing herown happiness out of economic necessity. Nora s fatherGet more notes and past papers at downloads.easyelimu.com. Though Nora s father is dead before the action of the play begins, the characters refer to him throughoutthe play. Though she clearly loves and admires her father, Nora also comes to blame him for contributingto her subservient position in life. Analysis of Major CharactersNora HelmerAt the beginning of A Doll s House, Nora seems completely happy. She responds affectionately toTorvald s teasing, speaks with excitement about the extra money his new job will provide, and takespleasure in the company of her children and friends. She does not seem to mind her doll-like existence, inwhich she is coddled, pampered, and patronized. As the play progresses, Nora reveals that she is not just a silly girl, as Torvald calls her. That sheunderstands the business details related to the debt she incurred taking out a loan to preserve Torvald shealth indicates that she is intelligent and possesses capacities beyond mere wifehood. Her description ofher years of secret labor undertaken to pay off her debt shows her fierce determination and ambition. Additionally, the fact that she was willing to break the law in order to ensure Torvald s health shows hercourage. Krogstad s blackmail and the trauma that follows do not change Nora s nature; they open her eyes to herunfulfilled and underappreciated potential. I have been performing tricks for you, Torvald, she saysduring her climactic confrontation with him. Nora comes to realize that in addition to her literal dancingand singing tricks, she has been putting on a show throughout her marriage. She has pretended to besomeone she is not in order to fulfill the role that Torvald, her father, and society at large have expectedof her. Torvald s severe and selfish reaction after learning of Nora s deception and forgery is the final catalyst forNora s awakening. But even in the first act, Nora shows that she is not totally unaware that her life is atodds with her true personality.


Nora comes to realize that in addition to her literal dancingand singing tricks, she has been putting on a show throughout her marriage. She has pretended to besomeone she is not in order to fulfill the role that Torvald, her father, and society at large have expectedof her. Torvald s severe and selfish reaction after learning of Nora s deception and forgery is the final catalyst forNora s awakening. But even in the first act, Nora shows that she is not totally unaware that her life is atodds with her true personality. She defies Torvald in small yet meaningful ways by eating macaroons andthen lying to him about it, for instance. She also swears, apparently just for the pleasure she derives fromminor rebellion against societal standards. As the drama unfolds, and as Nora s awareness of the truthabout her life grows, her need for rebellion escalates, culminating in her walking out on her husband andchildren to find independence. Torvald HelmerTorvald embraces the belief that a man s role in marriage is to protect and guide his wife. He clearlyenjoys the idea that Nora needs his guidance, and he interacts with her as a father would. He instructs herwith trite, moralistic sayings, such as: A home that depends on loans and debt is not beautiful because itis not free. He is also eager to teach Nora the dance she performs at the costume party. Torvald likes toenvision himself as Nora s savior, asking her after the party, D o you know that I ve often wished youwere facing some terrible dangers so that I could risk life and limb, risk everything, for your sake? Although Torvald seizes the power in his relationship with Nora and refers to her as a girl, it seems thatTorvald is actually the weaker and more childlike character. Dr. Rank s explanation for not wanting Torvaldto enter his sickroom Torvald is so fastidious, he cannot face up to anything ugly suggests that Dr.Rank feels Torvald must be sheltered like a child from the realities of the world. Furthermore, Torvaldreveals himself to be childishly petty at times.


Dr. Rank s explanation for not wanting Torvaldto enter his sickroom Torvald is so fastidious, he cannot face up to anything ugly suggests that Dr.Rank feels Torvald must be sheltered like a child from the realities of the world. Furthermore, Torvaldreveals himself to be childishly petty at times. His real objection to working with Krogstad stems not from-deficiencies in Krogstad s moral character but, rather, Krogstad s overly friendly and familiar behavior. Torvald s decision to fire Krogstad stems ultimately from the fact that he feels threatened and offended byKrogstad s failure to pay him the proper respect. Torvald is very conscious of other people s perceptions of him and of his standing in the community. Hisexplanation for rejecting Nora s request that Krogstad be kept on at the office that retaining Krogstadwould make him a laughing stock before the entire staff shows that he prioritizes his reputation overhis wife s desires. Torvald further demonstrates his deep need for society s respect in his reaction toNora s deception. Although he says that Nora has ruined his happiness and will not be allowed to raise thechildren, he insists that she remain in the house because his chief concern is saving the appearance ofGet more notes and past papers at downloads.easyelimu.com.their household. KrogstadKrogstad is the antagonist in A Doll s House, but he is not necessarily a villain. Though his willingness toallow Nora s torment to continue is cruel, Krogstad is not without sympathy for her. As he says, Evenmoney lenders, hacks, well, a man like me, can have a little of what you call feeling, you know. He visitsNora to check on her, and he discourages her from committing suicide. Moreover, Krogstad hasreasonable motives for behaving as he does: he wants to keep his job at the bank in order to spare hischildren from the hardships that come with a spoiled reputation. Unlike Torvald, who seems to desirerespect for selfish reasons, Krogstad desires it for his family s sake. Like Nora, Krogstad is a person who has been wronged by society, and both Nora and Krogstad havecommitted the same crime: forgery of signatures.


As he says, Evenmoney lenders, hacks, well, a man like me, can have a little of what you call feeling, you know. He visitsNora to check on her, and he discourages her from committing suicide. Moreover, Krogstad hasreasonable motives for behaving as he does: he wants to keep his job at the bank in order to spare hischildren from the hardships that come with a spoiled reputation. Unlike Torvald, who seems to desirerespect for selfish reasons, Krogstad desires it for his family s sake. Like Nora, Krogstad is a person who has been wronged by society, and both Nora and Krogstad havecommitted the same crime: forgery of signatures. Though he did break the law, Krogstad s crime wasrelatively minor, but society has saddled him with the stigma of being a criminal and prohibited him frommoving beyond his past. Additionally, Krogstad s claim that his immoral behavior began when Mrs. Lindeabandoned him for a man with money so she could provide for her family makes it possible for us tounderstand Krogstad as a victim of circumstances. One could argue that society forced Mrs. Linde awayfrom Krogstad and thus prompted his crime. Though society s unfair treatment of Krogstad does not justifyhis actions, it does align him more closely with Nora and therefore tempers our perception of him as adespicable character. Powered by TCPDF www.tcpdf.org Get more notes and past papers at downloads.easyelimu.com. GENERAL ESSAY QUESTIONS AND SAMPLE ESSAYS WITH ANSWERS- A Doll's House1. How could the submissive, selfish and silly Nora of the first two acts transform herselfinto an independent woman by the end of the last act? Is the transformation realistic?While Nora puts on a convincing performance of being a submissive, selfish and foolish womanduring the first act, there are early signs that this is not the real her. When she asks Torvald formore money despite having just been on a spending spree, she appears selfish and grasping. Butwe soon discover, in her conversation with Mrs Linde, that she is not squandering the money tosatisfy her own desires, but using it to pay off the loan she took out in order to save her husband'slife. In doing so, she has denied herself new things so that her husband and children can have allthey need.


When she asks Torvald formore money despite having just been on a spending spree, she appears selfish and grasping. Butwe soon discover, in her conversation with Mrs Linde, that she is not squandering the money tosatisfy her own desires, but using it to pay off the loan she took out in order to save her husband'slife. In doing so, she has denied herself new things so that her husband and children can have allthey need. Her arranging the loan and the trip to Italy - and her subsequent careful managementof money and of her secret - show an astonishing strength of character. In addition, she secretlytakes jobs to pay off the loan, a step towards the independence she finally embraces. But in thefirst two acts, Nora does not dare to acknowledge her own strength, let alone use it. There aremany reasons for this. Chief among them are that her beloved Torvald, and society in general,would not comfortably countenance such strength in a woman. So it is easier for Nora to keep herhead below the parapet rather than risk the consequences of showing herself as she is. Nora's submissiveness to Torvald is not all it seems. By playing the doll-child according to hiswishes, she manipulates him into the role of indulgent father-figure. But in spite of her skill at'managing' him, there is one instance in which she desperately wants him to adopt the manly anddominant role: she wants him to rescue her from the ruin caused by Krogstad's revelations. Whenhe fails to provide the strength she needs, she realizes that she no longer loves him, as he is notthe man she thought him. It is almost inevitable that she is forced to find that strength withinherself. Her realization that she wants to pursue her independence is not so much a transformationas an awakening to a strength she has possessed all along.2. In what way does A Doll's House explore social issues?A Doll's House shines a searchlight on Victorian society, drawing attention to its hypocrisy and useof public opinion to suppress individuality.


It is almost inevitable that she is forced to find that strength withinherself. Her realization that she wants to pursue her independence is not so much a transformationas an awakening to a strength she has possessed all along.2. In what way does A Doll's House explore social issues?A Doll's House shines a searchlight on Victorian society, drawing attention to its hypocrisy and useof public opinion to suppress individuality. The critic Bjorn Hemmer, in an essay in The CambridgeCompanion to Ibsen, wrote: "The people who live in such a society know the weight of 'publicopinion' and of all those agencies which keep watch over society's 'law and order': the norms, theconventions and the traditions which in essence belong to the past but which continue into thepresent and there thwart individual liberty in a variety of ways. "Torvald lives by society's norms, and when faced with a choice of whether to support his wife orsociety, he sides with society. When he realizes that she has broken the law in forging her father'ssignature on the loan document, he never questions the morality of such a law: it is left to Nora todo that. His aim is to preserve the appearance of respectability and ensure his continuedacceptance in society. He has become so shaped by society's conventions that he cannot see hiswife's suffering. In The Cambridge Companion to Ibsen, Gail Finney writes that in Ibsen's own notesfor this play, he notes that a mother in modern society is "like certain insects who go away and diewhen she has done her duty in the propagation of the race.". This view is confirmed by Torvald'srejection of Nora when he discovers her secret; he says she is not fit to bring up their children ifher reputation is tarnished. For Torvald, public life has obscured and overtaken private self. Inorder to find out who she is and what she wants, Nora has to reject the life that society prescribesGet more notes and past papers at downloads.easyelimu.com.for her as a wife and mother, and strike out on her own. ". I am going to see," she tells Torvald inAct 3, "who is right, the world or I."But this is not simple. The nineteenth century saw a huge shift from the old social order of selfimprovement within a stable rural society to a new social order founded on money.


Inorder to find out who she is and what she wants, Nora has to reject the life that society prescribesGet more notes and past papers at downloads.easyelimu.com.for her as a wife and mother, and strike out on her own. ". I am going to see," she tells Torvald inAct 3, "who is right, the world or I."But this is not simple. The nineteenth century saw a huge shift from the old social order of selfimprovement within a stable rural society to a new social order founded on money. But women atthe time could not control money without the authority of the man who 'owned' them, be ithusband, brother or father. Single and lone women like Mrs Linde had more control over their livesand money than married women, who were discouraged from taking jobs and had to surrendermoney matters to their husbands. But as Mrs Linde's story shows, having no male 'provider'brought its own problems. In sum, women had little power. Power lay with people like Torvald, who is a banker and lawyer. Torvald is able to dictate the fate not only of his family but of Mrs Linde by giving her a job andKrogstad by giving away his job . He is gratified by the prospect of sacking Krogstad because hedisapproves of his morality. In effect, the Torvalds of this world defined morality. As we have seenwith regard to Nora's crime, they also defined the law, and therefore, who was a criminal. It isworth noting that Ibsen based the episode of Nora's forgery on a similar 'crime' committed by afemale friend of his, which ended tragically for her, so he was drawing attention to what he saw asa genuine social problem. He supported economic reform that would protect women's property andbefriended European feminists. Other social issues addressed in the play include how women should be educated, both for theresponsibilities of family and for self-fulfillment; the right of women to define their role in thefamily and society; the degrading effects of poverty on self-fulfillment as with Mrs Linde and theNurse ; and the scourge of venereal disease as suffered by Dr Rank .3. How do different characters use the words "free" and "freedom"?


It isworth noting that Ibsen based the episode of Nora's forgery on a similar 'crime' committed by afemale friend of his, which ended tragically for her, so he was drawing attention to what he saw asa genuine social problem. He supported economic reform that would protect women's property andbefriended European feminists. Other social issues addressed in the play include how women should be educated, both for theresponsibilities of family and for self-fulfillment; the right of women to define their role in thefamily and society; the degrading effects of poverty on self-fulfillment as with Mrs Linde and theNurse ; and the scourge of venereal disease as suffered by Dr Rank .3. How do different characters use the words "free" and "freedom"? How does the use ofthese words change throughout the play?It is Torvald who introduces the concept of freedom in the play, claiming that "There can be nofreedom or beauty about a home life that depends on borrowing and debt.". He defines freedom ineconomic terms, as befits an age where power depended upon money. He is also adoptingsociety's values, as debt was disapproved of and considered a sign of moral degeneracy. Thedramatic irony behind his words lies in the fact that Torvald would not have any life at all if his wifehad not gone into debt, though he does not realize this. Like Torvald, Krogstad sees freedom as moral respectability in the eyes of society. His job at thebank is the means by which he will "cut himself free" from the stigma of his "indiscretion" offorgery. The problem with this approach is that his "freedom" depends upon the whim of hisemployer, who also sits in moral judgment on him and can withdraw his job if he finds that he fallsshort in that respect. Mrs Linde feels proud that by working hard, she was able to support her brothers and mother, and"I was privileged to make the end of my mother's life almost free from care.". Like Torvald, she isdefining freedom in economic terms. But she is operating at a lower economic level than he is.