Some pests build resistance to pesticides. Pesticides have residual effects. 4.To avoid warping. To reduce attack by pest fungi. 5.There is no control in breeding. Can cause spread of vaginitis disease. Wastage of sperms. Sperms can be used in remote areas. 4x1 4mks 6.To make bees less aggressive less active. 2 mks 7.Mark any relevant answer correct. 8.The feet should be trimmed regularly. Dipping should be regular, but should be stopped one month before lambing. Sheep should be vaccinated regularly. Sheep should be dewormed regularly. 4x1 4 mks 9.Giving incentives. Training labour. Farm mechanization. Labour supervision. Any 4x1 4 mks 10. 8 Altitude. 2 Serial number. 3 Number of crossing. 1 mks 11. A Easily broken down. 1 mk b i Splits 1 mk ii Removal of old stems upto the level of foliage. 1 mk 1712.


2 Serial number. 3 Number of crossing. 1 mks 11. A Easily broken down. 1 mk b i Splits 1 mk ii Removal of old stems upto the level of foliage. 1 mk 1712. A vaccine induce temporary antibodies which initiate the formation of antigen in balance to await the anticipated antibodies of the diseases to attack. 2 mks 13. I Decomposing enhancing the breaking down of particles of soil thus the soil structure is improved. 2 mks ii The organic matter decomposes to form the elements that are incorporated in soil, thus increasing capilarity adhesiveness of H 2 O. 14. Larvae Tubers become discolored . Any two 2x1 2 mks 15. Scalpel. Docking knife. SECTION B: 16.Impart immunity. Contains necessary nutrients. Faster growth. Facilitate metabolism. 4 x 2 mks 17. Crops are harvested when green matter has been withered. It is expensive. 2x1 2 mks 18.When there is no choice to be made. 1mk 19. To follow good farm plant.


Crops are harvested when green matter has been withered. It is expensive. 2x1 2 mks 18.When there is no choice to be made. 1mk 19. To follow good farm plant. -. To assist in credit acquiring. 2x1 2 mks 20. -. Mark any correct relevant answer. 21. Drainage. Tse-tse fly control. Reafforestation. Afforestation. 4 x 2 mks 22. A - Collecting pen. Footbath. Dipping tank. Drainage race. Entrance race. Waste pit tank. Water source tank. 4x1 4 mks b - Remove mud from hooves clean hooves. Mk 23. -. Allows efficient air circulation in the house. Prevents inside of the house from becoming humid. Controls temperature in the house. 2x1 2 mks 24. Milking. Deworming. Treatment. Isolation AI. 4 x 2 mks 25. A - Cutting making ditches channels on farm.


Poor nutrition. Poor health. Incorrect timing of service. 2x1 2 mks b High quality colostrum. Strong heavy and health calf is obtained. Results in high milk yield. Gives cow enough energy for calving. To a customs the animals to concentrates feed. To stimulate development. Any3 x 2 mks c Absence of estrous. Abortion. Prolonged estrous. Irregular heat intervals. Conception failure after service. Abnormal discharge from vulva. Any 4x 2 mks 29. A - Build up of pest or diseases. Breakdown of soil structure. Soil erosion may be a problem. Loss of soil fertility. 3x1 3 mks b Introducing a suitable strain of nitrogen fixing bacteria to legume seeds. 1 mk 30. To avoid suffocation due to overcrowding kindling of chicks in corners. 1 mk 31. A - Cushions prevents rubbing together of moving parts in machinery. To prevent rusting. Absorbs heat and traps pieces of metal, which comes from moving surfaces.


To avoid suffocation due to overcrowding kindling of chicks in corners. 1 mk 31. A - Cushions prevents rubbing together of moving parts in machinery. To prevent rusting. Absorbs heat and traps pieces of metal, which comes from moving surfaces. Improves work efficiency machines. Reduces rate of rear and lear. Any 4x 2 mks b - Use of improved or modern farming methods. -Improved farm management. -Mechanization of farm operations. -Efficiency in use of labour. -Select enterprises that can bring highest return. -Organizing marketing activities to realize highest price. Any 4x 2 mks 32. A - Denitrification. Leaching. 19Soil erosion. Burning. Volatilization. Crop absorption. Any 5x1 5 mks b Nirtogen fixation by root nodules bacteria and free living bacteria. Application of inorganic manure e.g. guano manure. Crop rotation planting of legumes. C i Plant material is placed on concrete floor indoors.


Application of inorganic manure e.g. guano manure. Crop rotation planting of legumes. C i Plant material is placed on concrete floor indoors. Animals defecate on it and mix it with urine and dung . Cover the heap with soil or polythene sheet to prevent leaching. Consolidate heap to prevent entry of water. Allow it to dry completely before being used. 1x5 5 mks ii Type of bedding used. Age of animal. Type of feed given to animal. Type of animal from which dung is obtained. 4 x 2 mks 33. A - Animal infested by zoonotic diseases animal infested by par. Animal found dead due to unknown cause. Uninspected meat by environmental health authorities. Contamination e.g. feaces, flies. B Ensure that the cows are clean and healthy. Milking equipment this should be seamless to make them easy to clean - they should be cleaned thoroughly after each milking. Milking parlour shed. Situated in dust free environment. The floor should be made of concrete to facilitate cleaning.


Milking parlour shed. Situated in dust free environment. The floor should be made of concrete to facilitate cleaning. Cleaned thoroughly after milking. Milking jelly to avoid cracking. Iv Milker - should be healthy i.e. free from zoonoses. Should be clean always. Should have white coat to help in detecting dirt. Should have short finger nails. Wash his hand well with soap before milking. V Best for mastitis before milking. Using a strip cup, animals having mastitis should be milked last to avoid spread of diseases. Vi Milk storage and handling. Cool milk soon after milking and store it. A cool place to reduce bacterial growth and multiplication. Filter and cover milk to. Remove and keep away dirt resepctively. 1mk each points x 5 5mks 1mk for explanation x 5 5mks 10 mks c Goats are tolerant. Goats are drought resistant. They eat variety of vegetation. They are tolerant to heat and high temperature. Any 3 points x 2mks 6 mks 34.


Goats are drought resistant. They eat variety of vegetation. They are tolerant to heat and high temperature. Any 3 points x 2mks 6 mks 34. A Damage to animal organs. Obstruction in the alimentary canal. 20Parasites eat food intended for use by livestock. Suck blood. Cause irritation. Any 5x1 5 mks b Developing Embryos Egg in feaceslarval Forms In snail Animal eatscyst Encycited Cercarian Drawing 2 mks Description 2 mks c Foot and mouth: Causes - virus type A, C and D. 1 mk Symptoms: Blisters wounds appear on the mouth and feet. Tongue ,lips, and gums are inflamed. Lesions appear between the skin and hoof. Profuse salivation. Animal weak and thin. Drops in milk production. Any 2x1 2 mks Control: Vaccination. Quarantine. Kill animal affected.


Drops in milk production. Any 2x1 2 mks Control: Vaccination. Quarantine. Kill animal affected. Nurse animals with wound by use of antibiotics. Any 2x1 2 mks d - Signs of good layers: Combs and wattles are large, warm and waxy and red. Bright orange and alert eyes. Pale beak. The rent is oval, moist, reddish in colour and active. Abdomen is soft, pliable and wide. The space between keel and pelvic bone is wide and can fit 3-4 fingers. Alert and active. Dry and rugged feathers. Moulting starts late. Shanks are pale. Brooding is rare. Any 5x1 5 mks 21AGRICULTURE IV SECTION A.


A dam is a wall build across a river to prevent flow of water to form a lake. While a well is a wall stamped across water. 2mks 11. Swelling Mottling of leaves Chlorosis of leaves 12. Washing Fleshing Salting Drying 4 x 2mks 13. The rate of growth of forage The type of animal to be fed 2 x 1 2mks 14. Moisture content of Soil Tilth of soil 2 x 1 2mks 15. Tap roots are formed here Little humus Slightly compact Yellowish Active micro organisms 4 x 1 4mks 16. To prevent soil erosion forming the soil Attract insects to the pond for fish to feed on. 2 x 1 2mks 17.


Tap roots are formed here Little humus Slightly compact Yellowish Active micro organisms 4 x 1 4mks 16. To prevent soil erosion forming the soil Attract insects to the pond for fish to feed on. 2 x 1 2mks 17. Improper or incomplete drying of grains - Wet heating Placing in sacks with the maize on the floor 24 Drainage by pests e.g rodents weavils 3 x 1 3mks 18. Harmless Well wooled but free from wool blindness 2 x 1 2mks 19. Ants birds Wax moth Bee louse Hive beetle - Death head hank moth Pirate wasps 4 x 2mks 20. Lack of heat Abnormal discharge from the reproduction track Irregular heat intervals Abortion Prolonged heat period 3 x 1 3mks 21.


Harmless Well wooled but free from wool blindness 2 x 1 2mks 19. Ants birds Wax moth Bee louse Hive beetle - Death head hank moth Pirate wasps 4 x 2mks 20. Lack of heat Abnormal discharge from the reproduction track Irregular heat intervals Abortion Prolonged heat period 3 x 1 3mks 21. Part of the plant Stage of flower development Genetic constitution Age of the plant Handling Care during picking drying and dispatch 4 x 1 4mks 22. They are the most important source of carbohydrate Harvesting of cereals is easier Storage and transportation are easier Cereals are widely adapted to various ecological zones 3 x 1 3mks 23.


Lack of heat Abnormal discharge from the reproduction track Irregular heat intervals Abortion Prolonged heat period 3 x 1 3mks 21. Part of the plant Stage of flower development Genetic constitution Age of the plant Handling Care during picking drying and dispatch 4 x 1 4mks 22. They are the most important source of carbohydrate Harvesting of cereals is easier Storage and transportation are easier Cereals are widely adapted to various ecological zones 3 x 1 3mks 23. A Sleeping cubicles Milking place Feeding and watering troughs - Calf pens Loafing exercise area Store - High milk production is obtained Allows higher stocking rate Animals make maximum use of fodder without wastage Rapid accumulation of manure Minimises outbreak of diseases - Avoids overgrazing 4 x 2mks c To obtain a strong, heavy and healthy calf at birth 25 To increase milk production in the next lactation To allow accumulation of body reserves used in the formation of colostrum 24.


Part of the plant Stage of flower development Genetic constitution Age of the plant Handling Care during picking drying and dispatch 4 x 1 4mks 22. They are the most important source of carbohydrate Harvesting of cereals is easier Storage and transportation are easier Cereals are widely adapted to various ecological zones 3 x 1 3mks 23. A Sleeping cubicles Milking place Feeding and watering troughs - Calf pens Loafing exercise area Store - High milk production is obtained Allows higher stocking rate Animals make maximum use of fodder without wastage Rapid accumulation of manure Minimises outbreak of diseases - Avoids overgrazing 4 x 2mks c To obtain a strong, heavy and healthy calf at birth 25 To increase milk production in the next lactation To allow accumulation of body reserves used in the formation of colostrum 24. Select proper more paying enterprise Proper crop husbandry practices Proper livestock husbandry Mechanisation Adopt new techniques Timeliness of farm operations 3 x 1 3mks 25.


They are the most important source of carbohydrate Harvesting of cereals is easier Storage and transportation are easier Cereals are widely adapted to various ecological zones 3 x 1 3mks 23. A Sleeping cubicles Milking place Feeding and watering troughs - Calf pens Loafing exercise area Store - High milk production is obtained Allows higher stocking rate Animals make maximum use of fodder without wastage Rapid accumulation of manure Minimises outbreak of diseases - Avoids overgrazing 4 x 2mks c To obtain a strong, heavy and healthy calf at birth 25 To increase milk production in the next lactation To allow accumulation of body reserves used in the formation of colostrum 24. Select proper more paying enterprise Proper crop husbandry practices Proper livestock husbandry Mechanisation Adopt new techniques Timeliness of farm operations 3 x 1 3mks 25. A Increase quantity of livestock product - To increase quality of livestock product To increase profit level To prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases To increase productive life of livestock 2 x 1 2mks b i Foot and Mouth disease ii Anthrax iii Rinder pest iv Lampiy sick disease v Rabies 2 x 1 2mks c Vaccinate birds at regular interval Isolate affected birds destroy affected birds Disinfect the house before bringing in new stock Impose quaratine in the farm Ensure proper farm hygiene 4 x mks 2mks 26.


A Sleeping cubicles Milking place Feeding and watering troughs - Calf pens Loafing exercise area Store - High milk production is obtained Allows higher stocking rate Animals make maximum use of fodder without wastage Rapid accumulation of manure Minimises outbreak of diseases - Avoids overgrazing 4 x 2mks c To obtain a strong, heavy and healthy calf at birth 25 To increase milk production in the next lactation To allow accumulation of body reserves used in the formation of colostrum 24. Select proper more paying enterprise Proper crop husbandry practices Proper livestock husbandry Mechanisation Adopt new techniques Timeliness of farm operations 3 x 1 3mks 25. A Increase quantity of livestock product - To increase quality of livestock product To increase profit level To prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases To increase productive life of livestock 2 x 1 2mks b i Foot and Mouth disease ii Anthrax iii Rinder pest iv Lampiy sick disease v Rabies 2 x 1 2mks c Vaccinate birds at regular interval Isolate affected birds destroy affected birds Disinfect the house before bringing in new stock Impose quaratine in the farm Ensure proper farm hygiene 4 x mks 2mks 26. A - Market is a place where buyers and sellers meet to buy and sell goods and services, where as marketing is the performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from producers to consumers 2mks b An imperfect market is a situation in which some buyers, some sellers or both have limited knowledge of goods and services offered for sale at various forces few buyers and sellers different, goods in to the market.


Select proper more paying enterprise Proper crop husbandry practices Proper livestock husbandry Mechanisation Adopt new techniques Timeliness of farm operations 3 x 1 3mks 25. A Increase quantity of livestock product - To increase quality of livestock product To increase profit level To prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases To increase productive life of livestock 2 x 1 2mks b i Foot and Mouth disease ii Anthrax iii Rinder pest iv Lampiy sick disease v Rabies 2 x 1 2mks c Vaccinate birds at regular interval Isolate affected birds destroy affected birds Disinfect the house before bringing in new stock Impose quaratine in the farm Ensure proper farm hygiene 4 x mks 2mks 26. A - Market is a place where buyers and sellers meet to buy and sell goods and services, where as marketing is the performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from producers to consumers 2mks b An imperfect market is a situation in which some buyers, some sellers or both have limited knowledge of goods and services offered for sale at various forces few buyers and sellers different, goods in to the market. C The Price of mangoes go down. 1mk 27.


A Increase quantity of livestock product - To increase quality of livestock product To increase profit level To prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases To increase productive life of livestock 2 x 1 2mks b i Foot and Mouth disease ii Anthrax iii Rinder pest iv Lampiy sick disease v Rabies 2 x 1 2mks c Vaccinate birds at regular interval Isolate affected birds destroy affected birds Disinfect the house before bringing in new stock Impose quaratine in the farm Ensure proper farm hygiene 4 x mks 2mks 26. A - Market is a place where buyers and sellers meet to buy and sell goods and services, where as marketing is the performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from producers to consumers 2mks b An imperfect market is a situation in which some buyers, some sellers or both have limited knowledge of goods and services offered for sale at various forces few buyers and sellers different, goods in to the market. C The Price of mangoes go down. 1mk 27. Easy establishment of plant Maintains the present genetics - Seedless plants can be propagated 3 x 1 3mks 28.


A - Market is a place where buyers and sellers meet to buy and sell goods and services, where as marketing is the performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from producers to consumers 2mks b An imperfect market is a situation in which some buyers, some sellers or both have limited knowledge of goods and services offered for sale at various forces few buyers and sellers different, goods in to the market. C The Price of mangoes go down. 1mk 27. Easy establishment of plant Maintains the present genetics - Seedless plants can be propagated 3 x 1 3mks 28. Proximity to the farm Crop field - Accessibility - Topography Soil drainage 26 Soil type 3 x 1 3mks 29.


C The Price of mangoes go down. 1mk 27. Easy establishment of plant Maintains the present genetics - Seedless plants can be propagated 3 x 1 3mks 28. Proximity to the farm Crop field - Accessibility - Topography Soil drainage 26 Soil type 3 x 1 3mks 29. Size of the land Topography of the land Direction of the wind Soil fertility - Capital availability 4 x 2mks 30. A Corrugated iron sheets Tiles Asbestors Alluminum sheets Thatch Palm leaves Timber Wood shingles 3 x 1 3mks b Leads to environmental destruction Air pollution Exhaustible Limited uses Cannot be regulated uneconomical 3 x 1 3mks c Trailers Heavy harrow Planters 3 x 1 3mks 31.


Proximity to the farm Crop field - Accessibility - Topography Soil drainage 26 Soil type 3 x 1 3mks 29. Size of the land Topography of the land Direction of the wind Soil fertility - Capital availability 4 x 2mks 30. A Corrugated iron sheets Tiles Asbestors Alluminum sheets Thatch Palm leaves Timber Wood shingles 3 x 1 3mks b Leads to environmental destruction Air pollution Exhaustible Limited uses Cannot be regulated uneconomical 3 x 1 3mks c Trailers Heavy harrow Planters 3 x 1 3mks 31. A Caused organism protozoa 1mk b Symptoms - High temperature or fever - Dullness - Animal looses appetite - Body becomes very weak - Lachrimation - Diarrhoea - Milk production decreases - Loss of hair at Tail end - Animal has anaemia - Abortion may occur in pregnant females d Control - Treat the animal with typanoccidal drug - Control tsetse flies by bush clearing spraying - Confinement of game animals in game parks ii - Causes infertility in cows - Damaged uterus caused by abortion - Infection such as viginitis, brucel lossis; - Retained placenta 27- Blocked fallopian tube as a result of infection - Lack of essential nutrients like vitamin E - Frematin: a heifer born twin with a bull is 90 infertile Mating - Young females should be mated when they are 6 7 months old - Old females should be mated after kindling - Take the doe to the bucks hutch for mating - Have one back to give does Preparation for Kindling - Gestation period 31 days one month - Clean and put in a nest box nestling materials four days to kindling - Place the box in the darkest corner of the hutch since the doe likes kindling where it is dark Rearing the Kindles - Regularly check the nest to remove sick, weak and dead babies - Check daily to ensure that all the babies feed well - Feed kindles on mothers milk for the 2 - 3 weeks - They allowed to stay with mother until 8 th week when they are weaned 8 x 1 8mks 32.


Size of the land Topography of the land Direction of the wind Soil fertility - Capital availability 4 x 2mks 30. A Corrugated iron sheets Tiles Asbestors Alluminum sheets Thatch Palm leaves Timber Wood shingles 3 x 1 3mks b Leads to environmental destruction Air pollution Exhaustible Limited uses Cannot be regulated uneconomical 3 x 1 3mks c Trailers Heavy harrow Planters 3 x 1 3mks 31. A Caused organism protozoa 1mk b Symptoms - High temperature or fever - Dullness - Animal looses appetite - Body becomes very weak - Lachrimation - Diarrhoea - Milk production decreases - Loss of hair at Tail end - Animal has anaemia - Abortion may occur in pregnant females d Control - Treat the animal with typanoccidal drug - Control tsetse flies by bush clearing spraying - Confinement of game animals in game parks ii - Causes infertility in cows - Damaged uterus caused by abortion - Infection such as viginitis, brucel lossis; - Retained placenta 27- Blocked fallopian tube as a result of infection - Lack of essential nutrients like vitamin E - Frematin: a heifer born twin with a bull is 90 infertile Mating - Young females should be mated when they are 6 7 months old - Old females should be mated after kindling - Take the doe to the bucks hutch for mating - Have one back to give does Preparation for Kindling - Gestation period 31 days one month - Clean and put in a nest box nestling materials four days to kindling - Place the box in the darkest corner of the hutch since the doe likes kindling where it is dark Rearing the Kindles - Regularly check the nest to remove sick, weak and dead babies - Check daily to ensure that all the babies feed well - Feed kindles on mothers milk for the 2 - 3 weeks - They allowed to stay with mother until 8 th week when they are weaned 8 x 1 8mks 32. -. Proper selection of the herd Proper disease control Proper pest control Proper housing Proper feeding Spraying animals against external parasites Proper recording of management activities Cross breeding up grading the herd Proper serring the dam Proper use of good sire Deworming against internal parasites stating 10 x 1 10mks, Explanation 10 x 1 10mks 33.


A Corrugated iron sheets Tiles Asbestors Alluminum sheets Thatch Palm leaves Timber Wood shingles 3 x 1 3mks b Leads to environmental destruction Air pollution Exhaustible Limited uses Cannot be regulated uneconomical 3 x 1 3mks c Trailers Heavy harrow Planters 3 x 1 3mks 31. A Caused organism protozoa 1mk b Symptoms - High temperature or fever - Dullness - Animal looses appetite - Body becomes very weak - Lachrimation - Diarrhoea - Milk production decreases - Loss of hair at Tail end - Animal has anaemia - Abortion may occur in pregnant females d Control - Treat the animal with typanoccidal drug - Control tsetse flies by bush clearing spraying - Confinement of game animals in game parks ii - Causes infertility in cows - Damaged uterus caused by abortion - Infection such as viginitis, brucel lossis; - Retained placenta 27- Blocked fallopian tube as a result of infection - Lack of essential nutrients like vitamin E - Frematin: a heifer born twin with a bull is 90 infertile Mating - Young females should be mated when they are 6 7 months old - Old females should be mated after kindling - Take the doe to the bucks hutch for mating - Have one back to give does Preparation for Kindling - Gestation period 31 days one month - Clean and put in a nest box nestling materials four days to kindling - Place the box in the darkest corner of the hutch since the doe likes kindling where it is dark Rearing the Kindles - Regularly check the nest to remove sick, weak and dead babies - Check daily to ensure that all the babies feed well - Feed kindles on mothers milk for the 2 - 3 weeks - They allowed to stay with mother until 8 th week when they are weaned 8 x 1 8mks 32. -. Proper selection of the herd Proper disease control Proper pest control Proper housing Proper feeding Spraying animals against external parasites Proper recording of management activities Cross breeding up grading the herd Proper serring the dam Proper use of good sire Deworming against internal parasites stating 10 x 1 10mks, Explanation 10 x 1 10mks 33. A - Poor drying Damage by pests Poor processing Wet heating 4 x 1 4mks b. - Drying - Control - Proper processing Dusting Storage in ventilated stores Store away from wet conditions 6 x 1 6mks 28c. I Buy maize when harvest is high ii Store maize iii Sell maize when there is shortage iv Import maize v Export maize vi Dispose maize vii Advice the Minister on the proper production of maize ix Control prices of maize in the market 10 x 1 10mks AGRICULTURE V SECTION A.


Give the function of a creep area in a pigsty. 2mks 3.a State one use of each of the following farm tools: i a mason trowel. 1mk ii a pair of tin snips. 1mk b Which tool would be required for each of the following operations? I Cutting wool from sheep. 1mk ii Castrating piglets. 1mk 4.Give four precautions you would take when harvesting to ensure that cotton picked is of high quality 2mks 5.List four factors that influence herbicidal selectivity and effectiveness in weed control. 2mks 6.a Give four advantages of a tractor in farm mechanisation. 2mks b Outline two limitations of tractor power. 2mks 7.Give the name of symbiotic bacteria which fixes nitrogen in the root nodules of leguminous plants 1mk 8.Give two reasons why a rabbit may disown its young ones. 2mks 9.a State four types of risks and uncertainities. 3mks b Outline how the government helps farmers to overcome risk and uncertainities. 3mks 3610. A In which ionic form is the element sulphur absorbed by plants. 1mk b i State any three deficiency symptoms of nitrogen in crops. 3mks ii State two sources of Nitrogen in the soil for plants. 2mks 11.


2mks 3.a State one use of each of the following farm tools: i a mason trowel. 1mk ii a pair of tin snips. 1mk b Which tool would be required for each of the following operations? I Cutting wool from sheep. 1mk ii Castrating piglets. 1mk 4.Give four precautions you would take when harvesting to ensure that cotton picked is of high quality 2mks 5.List four factors that influence herbicidal selectivity and effectiveness in weed control. 2mks 6.a Give four advantages of a tractor in farm mechanisation. 2mks b Outline two limitations of tractor power. 2mks 7.Give the name of symbiotic bacteria which fixes nitrogen in the root nodules of leguminous plants 1mk 8.Give two reasons why a rabbit may disown its young ones. 2mks 9.a State four types of risks and uncertainities. 3mks b Outline how the government helps farmers to overcome risk and uncertainities. 3mks 3610. A In which ionic form is the element sulphur absorbed by plants. 1mk b i State any three deficiency symptoms of nitrogen in crops. 3mks ii State two sources of Nitrogen in the soil for plants. 2mks 11. A Define the following terms: i Forage crop.


I Cutting wool from sheep. 1mk ii Castrating piglets. 1mk 4.Give four precautions you would take when harvesting to ensure that cotton picked is of high quality 2mks 5.List four factors that influence herbicidal selectivity and effectiveness in weed control. 2mks 6.a Give four advantages of a tractor in farm mechanisation. 2mks b Outline two limitations of tractor power. 2mks 7.Give the name of symbiotic bacteria which fixes nitrogen in the root nodules of leguminous plants 1mk 8.Give two reasons why a rabbit may disown its young ones. 2mks 9.a State four types of risks and uncertainities. 3mks b Outline how the government helps farmers to overcome risk and uncertainities. 3mks 3610. A In which ionic form is the element sulphur absorbed by plants. 1mk b i State any three deficiency symptoms of nitrogen in crops. 3mks ii State two sources of Nitrogen in the soil for plants. 2mks 11. A Define the following terms: i Forage crop. 1mk ii An Apiary. 1mk b How do you ensure proper forage utilization in livestock production . 2mks 12.


A In which ionic form is the element sulphur absorbed by plants. 1mk b i State any three deficiency symptoms of nitrogen in crops. 3mks ii State two sources of Nitrogen in the soil for plants. 2mks 11. A Define the following terms: i Forage crop. 1mk ii An Apiary. 1mk b How do you ensure proper forage utilization in livestock production . 2mks 12. A What is leaching. 1mk b Name two factors which increases the rate of leaching. 13. A State one important role of the hormone testerone in male livestock. Mk b State three important objectives of steaming up in livestock . 1 mks SECTION B. 14. State four factors that determine siting of a farm structure. 2mks 15. State any four uses of crush in a farm. 2mks 16. A Mr. Akugo wishes to fence a straight fence 4.40 m long bourdering the school farm.


State any four uses of crush in a farm. 2mks 16. A Mr. Akugo wishes to fence a straight fence 4.40 m long bourdering the school farm. Find out how many cedar posts he will require if the distance from one post to another is 2m 2mks b Mr. Akugo Applied 150kg N.P.K 25:20:15 to his one hectare of tobacco in Osogo area. Calculate how many kg of each of the fertilizer element he applied. 3mks 17. A State two disadvantages of serving Fresian heifers when they are less than 18 months old 2mks b List three factors that make it possible for a camel to survive in arid and semi-arid areas. 3mks 18. A What factors contribute to the success of a co-operative society. 3mks b State four main functions of marketing boards. 2mks c Name two channels through which marketing boards buy produce from farmers. 2mks 19. Distinguish between passive and active acquired immunity in livestock health. 2mks 20.


2mks 19. Distinguish between passive and active acquired immunity in livestock health. 2mks 20. Give one characteristic symptoms of attack by nematodes on roots of tomatoes. 1mk 21. A State three ways of increasing efficiency in farming. 3mks b List four factors which effect the profitability of egg production enterprise. 4mks 22. A Give two methods that can be used to improve local breeds of livestock. 2mks b State four merits of using AI in livestock breeding . 4mks 23. State six reasons why farmers are adviced to practice mixed farming. 3mks SECTION C. 24.a Describe the management practices involved in rearing of a day-old chicks upto the age of 8 weeks 16mks b Explain the management practices livestock farmers should adopt to reduce the problem of feed shortage during drought. 4mks 25.


5mks 26 a State the principles involved in planning a crop rotation programme. 6mks b Describe field management praticises involved in coffee production. 24mks AGRICULTURE VI MARKING SCHEME 1. -. Over cultivation - Burning of land - Monocropping monoculture failure to practice crop rotation - Wriking soil when it is wet - Repeating use of heavy machinery for cultivation 2. -. Where special feed is provided to piglets creep feed . -. Heat warmth is provided to piglets to prevent chilling. -. Prevent mother pig from crashing the piglets. -. Ultraviolet rays from bulb assist in synthesis of vitamin D under the skin. 3.a i For applying mortar concrete on walls floors.ii For cutting metals. B i Pair of shears. Ii A scapel. 4. -. Picking should be done every week to ensure no foreign materials.


3.a i For applying mortar concrete on walls floors.ii For cutting metals. B i Pair of shears. Ii A scapel. 4. -. Picking should be done every week to ensure no foreign materials. -. Avoiding picking when it is wet. -. Picking is done manually. 5. -. Active ingredient. -. The type of herbicide. -. Time of application. 6.a - Quick rate of work - Better burial of weeds during ploughing - Efficient work - Less labour demanding - Can be used to transport farm produce - Operation done in line - Does ploughing, planting and harvesting - P.T.O shaft can be used for irrigation, sprinkling water etc.


- The type of herbicide. -. Time of application. 6.a - Quick rate of work - Better burial of weeds during ploughing - Efficient work - Less labour demanding - Can be used to transport farm produce - Operation done in line - Does ploughing, planting and harvesting - P.T.O shaft can be used for irrigation, sprinkling water etc. B - Can only work in flat surfaces - Needs frequent repair and maintenance - Initial capital for purchase is high - Requires technical know how to operate - Only confined to large scale farms 7. -. Rhizobium 8. -. Poor feeding of the mother rabbit. -. Touching kindles with strong bad smelling substances. -. When the doe is frightened or disturbed after kindling. 9.a - Weather changes. -. Out break of pests and diseases. -. Natural calamities e.g earth quakes.


9.a - Weather changes. -. Out break of pests and diseases. -. Natural calamities e.g earth quakes. -. Obsolenscence become out of date i.e machinery. -. New production techniques. 38- Changing prices of commodities. -. Low or high yields of production. -. Theft cases sickness injury. -. Fire out breaks death. B - Weather forecast. -. Provision of extension service and advice to farmers. -. Adjusting future prices of commodities from the farm and giving farmers in advances. -. Stabilization of prices of certain farm produce so that they don t flactuate. -. Provision of loans to farmers to improve production. -. Provision of research on animals and plants e.g hybrids diseases etc. -. Provision and subsidisation of agricultural inputs. 10. A SO 4 -2 Sulphate ion . B i - Yellowish green colour chlorosis. -. Stunted growth. -. Premature drying of leaves.


B i - Yellowish green colour chlorosis. -. Stunted growth. -. Premature drying of leaves. -. Defoliation falling of leaves. Ii - Inorganic manure - Organic manure - Nitrogen fixation - Fresh organic matter 11.a i - Is any plant established naturally or artificially for feeding livestock. Ii - Site for beehive bee keeping. B - Better forage management. -. Use of high yielding performing animal. -. Conservation of forage. 12. A - Loss of plant nutrients through percolation into deeper layer of soil by water. B - High rainfall excess irrigation water. -. Solubility of mineral salts. -. Rate of soil structure infiltration texture drainage. 13.a - Necessitates sperm production. B - Provide sufficient nourishment for the development of the foetus and the expectant mother.


- Rate of soil structure infiltration texture drainage. 13.a - Necessitates sperm production. B - Provide sufficient nourishment for the development of the foetus and the expectant mother. Helps to prevent pregnancy to xermical twin lamb disease . Result in strong healthy lamb at birth. Promotes udder development and better milk following lambing. Enhances muscle reserve build up in ewes. SECTION B 14. -. Topography - Soil - Direction of wind - Relationship to other structures - Accessibility - Size of the farm 15. -. Used when castrating male animals. -. Used when carrying out livestock treatment. -. Used to restrain animals during artificial insemination. -. Used to restrain animals during weighing. 16.a - 3 cedar posts.


- Used to restrain animals during artificial insemination. -. Used to restrain animals during weighing. 16.a - 3 cedar posts. 39 b - N.P.K total ratio 60 - Nitrogen 62.50 Kg Phosphate 50Kg Potassium 37.5Kg 17.a - Stunted growth - Low milk yields b - Presence of hump where fats are stored - Presence of dehydrating tissues - Resistance to drought - Ability to drink large amounts of water 18.a - Sound economic base finance - Loyalty of members - Good leadership - Effective control of funds - Education of members on their rights and obligations b - Carry out efficient marketing of farm products - Provide loans to farmers - Keep prices stable - Control quality and quantity of products 19.- Passive immunity is one passed from the mother to the child while active immunity is acquired after a previous developing antibodies against the disease.


- Used to restrain animals during weighing. 16.a - 3 cedar posts. 39 b - N.P.K total ratio 60 - Nitrogen 62.50 Kg Phosphate 50Kg Potassium 37.5Kg 17.a - Stunted growth - Low milk yields b - Presence of hump where fats are stored - Presence of dehydrating tissues - Resistance to drought - Ability to drink large amounts of water 18.a - Sound economic base finance - Loyalty of members - Good leadership - Effective control of funds - Education of members on their rights and obligations b - Carry out efficient marketing of farm products - Provide loans to farmers - Keep prices stable - Control quality and quantity of products 19.- Passive immunity is one passed from the mother to the child while active immunity is acquired after a previous developing antibodies against the disease. 20. -. Presence of root knots.


16.a - 3 cedar posts. 39 b - N.P.K total ratio 60 - Nitrogen 62.50 Kg Phosphate 50Kg Potassium 37.5Kg 17.a - Stunted growth - Low milk yields b - Presence of hump where fats are stored - Presence of dehydrating tissues - Resistance to drought - Ability to drink large amounts of water 18.a - Sound economic base finance - Loyalty of members - Good leadership - Effective control of funds - Education of members on their rights and obligations b - Carry out efficient marketing of farm products - Provide loans to farmers - Keep prices stable - Control quality and quantity of products 19.- Passive immunity is one passed from the mother to the child while active immunity is acquired after a previous developing antibodies against the disease. 20. -. Presence of root knots. -. Wilting.


39 b - N.P.K total ratio 60 - Nitrogen 62.50 Kg Phosphate 50Kg Potassium 37.5Kg 17.a - Stunted growth - Low milk yields b - Presence of hump where fats are stored - Presence of dehydrating tissues - Resistance to drought - Ability to drink large amounts of water 18.a - Sound economic base finance - Loyalty of members - Good leadership - Effective control of funds - Education of members on their rights and obligations b - Carry out efficient marketing of farm products - Provide loans to farmers - Keep prices stable - Control quality and quantity of products 19.- Passive immunity is one passed from the mother to the child while active immunity is acquired after a previous developing antibodies against the disease. 20. -. Presence of root knots. -. Wilting. 21.a - Select proper more paying enterprises.


20. -. Presence of root knots. -. Wilting. 21.a - Select proper more paying enterprises. -. Proper crop husbandry practices. -. Improve farm management. -. Mechanization of farm operation - Adopt new technique of production - Time line of farm operation b - Laying percentage - Price of culled birds - Replacement cost - Casual labour 22.a - Cross breading - Up grading. B - Eliminate the risk of expenses. -. It is possible to use sire on smaller cows without any physical injury. -. Permits the use of proven sires beyond the economy lease of an average farmer. -. It makes it easy to control in breeding. 23. -. To maintain soil fertility.


- Permits the use of proven sires beyond the economy lease of an average farmer. -. It makes it easy to control in breeding. 23. -. To maintain soil fertility. -. To reduce spread risks - To maximise revenue incure - To obtain balance diet for the family - Crop residues are feed to livestock - Income is obtained through out the year SECTION C. 4024.a - Litter should be provided for to provide warmth as well as absorbing moisture. Fresh air Holes for ventilation should be made on the walls of the brooder to allow gaseous exchange. -. Heat source A wire should be around heat source to prevent chicks from burning.


4024.a - Litter should be provided for to provide warmth as well as absorbing moisture. Fresh air Holes for ventilation should be made on the walls of the brooder to allow gaseous exchange. -. Heat source A wire should be around heat source to prevent chicks from burning. -. The correct temperatures should be: 32 35 o C 1 st week 29.7 32.2 o C 2 nd week 26.6 29.7 o C 3 rd week Source of heat should be removed in the fourth week gradually to avoid stress. Light provide light in the brooder for the chicks to see food dim light . Feeders provide clean feeders which should be cleaned every morning. Waterers provide waters which should clean have pointed tips to avoid water being dirty. Avoid sharp corners as these encourages overcrowding causing suffocation. Feed chick and duck marsh at recommended ratio depending on the number of chicks. Vaccinate chicks with Newcastle vaccine.


Avoid sharp corners as these encourages overcrowding causing suffocation. Feed chick and duck marsh at recommended ratio depending on the number of chicks. Vaccinate chicks with Newcastle vaccine. B - Conserve excess feed during plenty in form of silage or hay. Ensure selective stock disposal when drought is approaching. Provide crop residues to livestock. Irrigation of pastures. Give supplementary feed to livestock. Plant drought tolerant fodder crops. 25. -. Profit and loss account for Mrs Odhiambo's farm for 1997. Profit and Loss account.


The farm made a profit of Shs 9,300. The percentage profit is therefore 9,300 x 100 77.5 12,000 26.a Shallow rooters should alternate with deep rooters. Crop attacked by the same pests and disease should not follow each other. Crops with high nutrient requirement should come first in a newly ploughed land. Legumes should be included in the programme to increase nitrogen content of soil. Fallow period grass should be included in the rotation to build soil structure. Crops which are hard to weed should alternate with those that are easy to weed. B - Proper weed control to reduce competition for nutrients and water. To improve coffee yield and quality.


Crops which are hard to weed should alternate with those that are easy to weed. B - Proper weed control to reduce competition for nutrients and water. To improve coffee yield and quality. 41METHODS Cultural e.g mulching Mechanical e.g slashing Chemical use of herbicides Mulching Mulch should not be in contact with coffee stem Reason: Preserve soil moistures Suppress weeds Supplies nutrients when it decomposes Reduce soil erosion Pest s and diseases Coffee pests: Leaf miner Control spray with recommended insecticide Antesia bug Proper pruning Spray with recommended pesticide Coffee disease: CBD Proper prunning Planting resistant cultivers Spray with recommended fungicide Coffee leaf rust: Plant resistant varieties Time by application of fungicide Prunning Single stem Multiple stem Change of cycle Reasons For Prunning To improve yields and quality of coffee To assist in disease and pest control To open the crop to light and air To avoid die-back of primaries and roots Fertilizer and manure applications: Phosphate fertilizers Applied at planting time to supply phosphorous for proper root growth and development Nitrogenous fertilizer The crop should be top dressed when soil is moist.


B - Proper weed control to reduce competition for nutrients and water. To improve coffee yield and quality. 41METHODS Cultural e.g mulching Mechanical e.g slashing Chemical use of herbicides Mulching Mulch should not be in contact with coffee stem Reason: Preserve soil moistures Suppress weeds Supplies nutrients when it decomposes Reduce soil erosion Pest s and diseases Coffee pests: Leaf miner Control spray with recommended insecticide Antesia bug Proper pruning Spray with recommended pesticide Coffee disease: CBD Proper prunning Planting resistant cultivers Spray with recommended fungicide Coffee leaf rust: Plant resistant varieties Time by application of fungicide Prunning Single stem Multiple stem Change of cycle Reasons For Prunning To improve yields and quality of coffee To assist in disease and pest control To open the crop to light and air To avoid die-back of primaries and roots Fertilizer and manure applications: Phosphate fertilizers Applied at planting time to supply phosphorous for proper root growth and development Nitrogenous fertilizer The crop should be top dressed when soil is moist. Reason:- To supply nitrogen required for vegetation growth, flowering and fruiting.


To improve coffee yield and quality. 41METHODS Cultural e.g mulching Mechanical e.g slashing Chemical use of herbicides Mulching Mulch should not be in contact with coffee stem Reason: Preserve soil moistures Suppress weeds Supplies nutrients when it decomposes Reduce soil erosion Pest s and diseases Coffee pests: Leaf miner Control spray with recommended insecticide Antesia bug Proper pruning Spray with recommended pesticide Coffee disease: CBD Proper prunning Planting resistant cultivers Spray with recommended fungicide Coffee leaf rust: Plant resistant varieties Time by application of fungicide Prunning Single stem Multiple stem Change of cycle Reasons For Prunning To improve yields and quality of coffee To assist in disease and pest control To open the crop to light and air To avoid die-back of primaries and roots Fertilizer and manure applications: Phosphate fertilizers Applied at planting time to supply phosphorous for proper root growth and development Nitrogenous fertilizer The crop should be top dressed when soil is moist. Reason:- To supply nitrogen required for vegetation growth, flowering and fruiting. Manure compost application:- Apply in planting holes.


41METHODS Cultural e.g mulching Mechanical e.g slashing Chemical use of herbicides Mulching Mulch should not be in contact with coffee stem Reason: Preserve soil moistures Suppress weeds Supplies nutrients when it decomposes Reduce soil erosion Pest s and diseases Coffee pests: Leaf miner Control spray with recommended insecticide Antesia bug Proper pruning Spray with recommended pesticide Coffee disease: CBD Proper prunning Planting resistant cultivers Spray with recommended fungicide Coffee leaf rust: Plant resistant varieties Time by application of fungicide Prunning Single stem Multiple stem Change of cycle Reasons For Prunning To improve yields and quality of coffee To assist in disease and pest control To open the crop to light and air To avoid die-back of primaries and roots Fertilizer and manure applications: Phosphate fertilizers Applied at planting time to supply phosphorous for proper root growth and development Nitrogenous fertilizer The crop should be top dressed when soil is moist. Reason:- To supply nitrogen required for vegetation growth, flowering and fruiting. Manure compost application:- Apply in planting holes. Reason: - To improve soil structure.


Reason:- To supply nitrogen required for vegetation growth, flowering and fruiting. Manure compost application:- Apply in planting holes. Reason: - To improve soil structure.42- To supply nutrients.- To increase activity of micro-organism.43.


1TABLE OF CONTENTPREFACE2THE BIOGRAPHY OF HENRY OLE KULET3CHAPTER ONE4SYNOPSIS AND SUMMARIES OF CHAPTERS4SYNOPSIS OF BLOSSOMS OF THE SAVANNAH4CHAPTER SUMMARIES5CHAPTER TWO18CHARACTERS AND CHARACTERISATION18CHAPTER THREEDISCUSSION QUESTIONS ON THEMES64CHAPTER FOUR65LANGUAGE AND STYLE65CHAPTER FIVE76SAMPLE AND PRACTICE EXCERPTS76SAMPLE EXCERPTS76ANSWERS TO SAMPLE EXTRACTS81PRACTICE EXCERPTS85CHAPTER SIX91GENERAL ESSAY QUESTIONS AND SAMPLE ESSAYS912PREFACEThis study guide provides a detailed analysis of the novel Blossoms of the Savannah. The analysis is aimed at preparing KCSE candidates for both the excerpt and thecompulsory essay question in paper two and three respectively. This guide is written ina manner that both the candidates and teachers will immensely benefit from it. This hasbeen achieved through the presentation of a succinct synopsis, detailed chaptersummaries, as well as deeply analyzed characters, themes and stylistic devices. At theend of each of these sections, there are sample essay questions to guide students inrevising and preparing for both the internal and national exams. There are also generalessay questions, sample and practice excerpts, all meant to prepare students for KCSEEnglish paper two and three. This guide might not have exhaustively analyzed the novel, Blossoms of the Savannah. Therefore, students are advised to consult other authorities such as their teachers inorder to enrich what is contained in this guide. 3THE BIOGRAPHY OF HENRY OLE KULETHenry ole Kulet was born in 1946. He is a veteran and award winning Kenyan writerknown for his novels which capture aspects of environment, culture and experiences ofMaasai people. He is an established author for he has written eight novels. Daughter ofMaa is a story of quiet village that is stirred by a frenzy of activities by the arrival of ayoung and pretty community teacher, Anna Walangh. He authored It is possible in 1971,How To became a Man in 1972 and Bandits of Kibi in 1999. In Bandits of Kibi, hecreated scenes which came out during the Post-Election Violence in 2007 after thedisputed elections.


Daughter ofMaa is a story of quiet village that is stirred by a frenzy of activities by the arrival of ayoung and pretty community teacher, Anna Walangh. He authored It is possible in 1971,How To became a Man in 1972 and Bandits of Kibi in 1999. In Bandits of Kibi, hecreated scenes which came out during the Post-Election Violence in 2007 after thedisputed elections. 4CHAPTER ONESYNOPSIS AND SUMMARIES OF CHAPTERSSYNOPSIS OF BLOSSOMS OF THE SAVANNAHThe novel begins as Kaelo, his wife, Taiyo and Resian leave Nakuru for Nasila, a ruralarea in Maasai land. This is as a result of retrenchment of Kaelo who has been workingas the manager of Agribix Limited. On reaching Nasila, Ole Kaelo s are welcomed byuncle Simiren s family which consists of four wives and sixteen children. In a movetowards settling in Nasila the new home, Ole Kaelo visits his old friend Ole Sumpeyo. Itis thirty years since Ole Kaelo left Nasila for Nakuru. The Kaelo s hold a homecoming party in which they invite members from the five clansaimed at re-linking the Kaelo family to the other villagers. Taiyo and Resian observe thatsome young men are suspicious of them for they are not circumcised. In an attempt ofacquainting the two girls with Nasila culture, Kaelo informs Joseph Parmuat to teachTaiyo and Resian traditional songs and dances. As the young ones spend more timetogether, a love relationship begins to develop between Taiyo and Joseph butunfortunately due to cultural demands the relationship is restrained. Unfortunately, there is an attempted rape on Resian and Taiyo. Consequently, an ad hocgroup of men is formed to hunt down the culprits. After it is known that Lante and Ntaraare responsible for the heinous act, punishment is meted on them. The novel reveals ofhow females have contributed significantly to the beginning and continuation of FGMthrough the Olarinkoi legendary story. Kaelo opens an agricultural shop and enters into business contracts through Oloisudoriwho is conversant with shady businesses. Oloisudori s aim is to exploite Kaelo.


After it is known that Lante and Ntaraare responsible for the heinous act, punishment is meted on them. The novel reveals ofhow females have contributed significantly to the beginning and continuation of FGMthrough the Olarinkoi legendary story. Kaelo opens an agricultural shop and enters into business contracts through Oloisudoriwho is conversant with shady businesses. Oloisudori s aim is to exploite Kaelo. Afterrealizing that Kaelo has beautiful daughters, he chooses to marry one and organize for5the other one to be married by his friend instead of extorting him. Oloisudori comes in aprocession and gives gifts and money as dowry for the young Resian. Since Resiandisagrees with Oloisudori and her father s plan, Oloisudori plans to use anesthesia torender Resian unconscious so that he may snatch her for marriage by force. However,the girls craft a scheme of shaming Oloisudori in which they return the gifts Oloisudorihad given them earlier. The couple goes to consult Simiren and Sumpeyo on how to deal with Oloisudori sdemands as the girls go to the shop. On their way back, the girls are almost raped bytwo callous young men. Later on, after Resian refuses to cooperate, Oloisudori getsenraged and slaps her mercilessly. It is Olarinkoi who supposedly saves her by whiskingher away before she commits suicide. Olarinkoi organizes with a pick-up driver so that he whisks Resian away claiming toensure her safety from Oloisudori and her father. The three have a trek of terror whichleaves Resian raped by Olarinkoi in a dark hut in the forest. On regaining consciousness,she finds herself under the care of Nabaru, a nurse who reveals everything thattranspired. Finally, with the help of Nabaru Resian comes face to face with Minik ene Nkoitoi, theactivist against FGM in the sheep s ranch. She welcomes Nabaru and Resian warmly. Resian learns that Oloisudori has advertised in the newspaper for her search. Minik spivotal role is evident in that in the ranch there are other five hundred girls who havegone through a similar experience just like Resian.


On regaining consciousness,she finds herself under the care of Nabaru, a nurse who reveals everything thattranspired. Finally, with the help of Nabaru Resian comes face to face with Minik ene Nkoitoi, theactivist against FGM in the sheep s ranch. She welcomes Nabaru and Resian warmly. Resian learns that Oloisudori has advertised in the newspaper for her search. Minik spivotal role is evident in that in the ranch there are other five hundred girls who havegone through a similar experience just like Resian. On the other hand, Taiyo faces thepainful blade of the Olmurunya. While managing the ranch, Minik meets a new challengein which the powerful in the government are threatening to close the ranch. However,Minik, the foresighted planner ensures the survival of the ranch. Resian learns of theunfortunate death of Joseph Parmuat. He is killed in his mission of saving Taiyo from agroup that circumcises her by force. At long last, Resian meets Taiyo at the ranchOloisudori makes his last heinous kicks by visiting the ranch to demand Resian as hiswife. He is told off by Minik. With his company, he flees for his life after his cars areburnt down. The ultimate goal is attained when Minik takes Taiyo and Resian to Egerton6University where Resian has a chance of studying her dream course. CHAPTER SUMMARIESCHAPTER 1: THE JOUNERYAs the novel begins, Ole Kaelo is reprimanding loaders for being slow. The couple isrelocating from Nakuru to Nasila after Ole Kaelo is retrenched from Agribix Limitedwhere he has been working as the commercial manager. Not long ago Kaelo had deniedTaiyo a chance to go to Mombasa to develop her talent. That is why Taiyo sympathizeswith the loaders who are receiving strict instructions from her father. The two girlsvisualize what life in the new environment will be like. The girls are experiencingapprehension. Nakuru town has always bustled with life and they fear the shop thattheir father aims at starting may not pick. Taiyo encourages Resian that they should hope for the best. Resian requests Taiyo toplead with their father so that they can join Egerton University. Resian knows her fatherlistens to Taiyo.


Nakuru town has always bustled with life and they fear the shop thattheir father aims at starting may not pick. Taiyo encourages Resian that they should hope for the best. Resian requests Taiyo toplead with their father so that they can join Egerton University. Resian knows her fatherlistens to Taiyo. Through a flash back, the reader learns that Ole Kaelo and his wifeMama Milanoi have lived for twenty two years since they married. Women from Nasilahad earlier visited Mama Milanoi at Nakuru and hinted at the hostility expectedespecially because the daughters are not married. Kaelo has been a hardworking man,a trait that led to his promotion at Agribix Limited. The retrenchment has triggeredambition to work so as to be rich. A few kilometers to Nasila one lorry breaks down butsoon it is fixed and the family reach uncle Simiren s homestead where they arewelcomed warmly. It is now thirty years since Ole Kaelo left Nasila for Nakuru. In all thistime he has been away, uncle Simiren has been representing his elder brother. Eldersare not happy with Kaelo s monogamous marriage. Simiren on his part has four wivesand sixteen childrenCHAPTER 2: NASILALife at the rural Nasila is contrasted with that of Nakuru town. Uncle Simiren is apolygamous man. He has four wives and sixteen children. Each of these wives has ahouse .The girls are introduced to the sixteen cousins by the senior most aunt, and theeldest wife. The children are aged between three and sixteen years and out of the four7wives, two aunts are pregnant. Resian and Taiyo are allowed to go walking. The girlsmake the observation that the four aunts are not happy as well and the kids are notcontented. Resian outrightly says she is not ready to be a parent and that she will firstlearn. They are accosted by a tall heavyset young man with thick dark beard and amoustache. Resian orders the man to leave Taiyo alone. According to the man, the girlsare not decent for they are uncircumcised. The girls keep the ordeal as a secret. OleKaelo visits ole Sumpeyo, a famous cattle trader and a longtime friend who supportsFGM.


According to the man, the girlsare not decent for they are uncircumcised. The girls keep the ordeal as a secret. OleKaelo visits ole Sumpeyo, a famous cattle trader and a longtime friend who supportsFGM. Ironically, even though a close friend, Sumpeyo is malicious and envious of Kaeloespecially when he learns of his great business plan. He however warns him to be waryof Oloisudori, a business partner, and advises him to keep his daughters away from him. CHAPTER 3: STRANGE VISITORSOle Kaelo ushers his family into the newly constructed house. The Kaelo s are elated bythe new house. In a flashback Mama Milanoi remembers how she was married by Kaelowhile she was eighteen and Kaelo twenty four years old. The couple has enjoyed peacegenerally since then but since she does not have a son, Mama Milanoi feels she hasfailed Kaelo. In a dialogue, we learn that Taiyo and Resian are afraid of undergoing theact and wish to go back to Nakuru and join university. In a dramatic irony we realize thatKaelo has been hard and cruel to Resian for he expected a son to be born in her place. Although Taiyo does not understand the cause of the hatred, she always defends hersister devotedly even when her mother does not offer any protection. Probably MamaMilano is afraid of ole Kaelo. CHAPTER 4: HOME COMING CEREMONYIn order to re-link himself to the community ole Kaelo holds a big celebration partywhich is also made for blessing his home. Members from the five Maa clans: Ilmolelian,Ilmakesen, Ilukumae, Ilaiser and illtarosero are invited. The Kaelo s belong to theIlmolelian clan. Ole Kaelo s are very actively involved in the preparation of thehomecoming ceremony. During the dances, Taiyo is attracted to the manager of music,a young local primary school music teacher Joseph Parmuat but unfortunately theybelong to the same clan and forging any intimate relationship is an abomination. Acarnival mood is witnessed during the party for the generous Kaelo, has offered plenty8of foodstuffs. In the dance Taiyo s talent is brought forth for she is really attracted to the song anddance.


Ole Kaelo s are very actively involved in the preparation of thehomecoming ceremony. During the dances, Taiyo is attracted to the manager of music,a young local primary school music teacher Joseph Parmuat but unfortunately theybelong to the same clan and forging any intimate relationship is an abomination. Acarnival mood is witnessed during the party for the generous Kaelo, has offered plenty8of foodstuffs. In the dance Taiyo s talent is brought forth for she is really attracted to the song anddance. We learn that she has always done well in music festivals too. Unfortunately, herfather denied her a chance to go for a music extravaganza in Mombasa which wouldhave developed her talent. Lastly, Musanka leads in the blessing section. He calls uponthe community to welcome the Kaelo s back home. Kaelo is advised to involve himselfin the community affairs and Nasila. He is also advised to take care of his family andchildren. CHAPTER 5: DEPRESSED ONETaiyo and Resian are distressed. Resian feels Taiyo is taking too long before broachingthe issue of their university studies with their father. The issue of FGM makes the twogirls have a sleepless night. Taiyo is also disturbed by the cultural law that does notallow her relationship with Joseph Parmuat, the primary school teacher and a musicenthusiast. The two girls cry a lot that night. The day before, Joseph had promised tovisit her and also coach her in traditional music. The thought of enkamuratani circumciser and Olmurunya circumcising blade makes Taiyo shudder with dread. InResian s mind it is clear that enkamuratani and her Olmurunya cannot have their waywith her, maybe over her dead body. Contrastingly Kaelo and his wife enjoy a great night after the day of the great party andblessings. They feel fulfilled for the great achievement, getting welcomed as well asbeing blessed. In her morning thoughts, Mama Milanoi is at a dilemma, whether toforce the girls to undergo the ritual and lose their faith, love and confidence or refuse toyield to the traditions and become a pariah in the Ilmolelian clan.


The thought of enkamuratani circumciser and Olmurunya circumcising blade makes Taiyo shudder with dread. InResian s mind it is clear that enkamuratani and her Olmurunya cannot have their waywith her, maybe over her dead body. Contrastingly Kaelo and his wife enjoy a great night after the day of the great party andblessings. They feel fulfilled for the great achievement, getting welcomed as well asbeing blessed. In her morning thoughts, Mama Milanoi is at a dilemma, whether toforce the girls to undergo the ritual and lose their faith, love and confidence or refuse toyield to the traditions and become a pariah in the Ilmolelian clan. Kaelo authoritativelystates his demands; mama Milanoi is to counsel her daughters in preparations forcircumcision while he is to ask Parmuat to teach the girls home truths and laterenkamuratani to be called to do her part. Mama Milanoi interrogatively reflects on herstand and that of her family. She feels her husband is turning into a deep Nasilian veryfast. Afterwards, the Kaelo s visit their agricultural shop. On arriving home, the three9females welcome Joseph Parmuat delightfully. As the chapter ends, a second malevisitor visits the Kaelo s.CHAPTER 6: OLARINKOIKaelo makes a pompous speech introducing Joseph Parmuat. Despite the warning,Taiyo is still infatuated with Joseph and decides to make him a confidante. Resian iscritical and dismissive of her father s pompous speech and generally how females areviewed by men. In a defiant mood, Resian expresses her mind on the subject of unfairmen towards women. Surprisingly and daringly, she portrays the defiance to her aunt,mother and Resian. The listeners are deeply embarrassed. Aunt Botorr says Resian has a bad spirit that canonly be treated through circumcision. Taiyo s questions who Olarinkoi is and isanswered by Joseph by telling a legendary story. Ilarinkon is a legend who was a greatfighter who saved the Maa community from being wiped out by an adversary while theirmorans had gone for a raid. Ilarinkon warriors abused women until one day womendiscovered how to deal with the problem.


Aunt Botorr says Resian has a bad spirit that canonly be treated through circumcision. Taiyo s questions who Olarinkoi is and isanswered by Joseph by telling a legendary story. Ilarinkon is a legend who was a greatfighter who saved the Maa community from being wiped out by an adversary while theirmorans had gone for a raid. Ilarinkon warriors abused women until one day womendiscovered how to deal with the problem. Their collective resolution ironically gave birthto enkamuratani who was handed over an Olmurunya. Hence the birth of FGM andtherefore according to Joseph, only women can stop the barbaric FGM.CHAPTER 7: SHADOWY OLOISUDORIResian is in an optimistic mood that all will be well especially about their universityeducation. After Taiyo leaves for the shop, Mama Milanoi broaches the subject of FGM.Even though Mama Milanoi supports FGM, Resian is categorical that it has been usedby men as a tool of oppression to women. One Edward Oloisudori visits Kaelo s home. Resian is uncomfortable with him for he is immoral. Mother scorns her for talking illabout him. Father returns and due to Resian s nervousness, he calls her names. Kaeloclearly states that all members of Kaelo family must respect Oloisudori and that heshould not be denied anything. Resian learns that her father did not give in to therequest about joining university. Joseph reveals that Oloisudori is a shadowy figure; a Jack -of-all-trades. He is also, apoacher, smuggler, robber, extortionist and a hired assassin. He had survived10numerous jail terms and was now incorrigible. Due to the revelation, the girls fear fortheir father. When Oloisudori leaves, the countenance of Kaelo and Mama Milanoichanges; they are absent-minded and aloof even though Kaelo insists that everything isin control. Mama Milanoi even burns rice without realizing it. CHAPTER 8: TROUBLED COUPLEOloisudori s cruel demand, to marry Resian and organize the marriage of Taiyo rendersKaelo and Mama Milanoi a sleepless night. Although Kaelo knew Oloisudori s pastcriminal record, he still falls for his trap due to greed for wealth.


He is also, apoacher, smuggler, robber, extortionist and a hired assassin. He had survived10numerous jail terms and was now incorrigible. Due to the revelation, the girls fear fortheir father. When Oloisudori leaves, the countenance of Kaelo and Mama Milanoichanges; they are absent-minded and aloof even though Kaelo insists that everything isin control. Mama Milanoi even burns rice without realizing it. CHAPTER 8: TROUBLED COUPLEOloisudori s cruel demand, to marry Resian and organize the marriage of Taiyo rendersKaelo and Mama Milanoi a sleepless night. Although Kaelo knew Oloisudori s pastcriminal record, he still falls for his trap due to greed for wealth. Oloisudori s initial planwas to extort money from Kaelo but on noticing his two beautiful daughters he changedhis mind. Mama Milanoi suffers great pain and cries for the olden days when demandssuch as those of Oloisudori would be dealt with accordingly. Mama Milanoi recallsthrough flashback how women had invoked mass action on men in the past bydepriving men food, milk and beating them up while naked. She contrasts those timeswith the current times when Nasila River is polluted with chemicals. She fears thatOloisudori may kill her daughter. Despite the hard times the Kaelo s are experiencing,the following morning, the members manage to afford smiles as they take tea. Even theentrance of Olarinkoi does not dampen the high spirits embraced by the Kaelo s.CHAPTER 9: LOVEJoseph Parmuat begins a routine practice of coaching Taiyo and Resian on traditionalsongs and dances and the trio enjoy it immensely. Joseph Parmuat guards against anyuntoward behavior so as to conserve his integrity. The chapter then says a lot about theMaa Culture on different subjects. He explains different types of loves to the two girls;elangatare and patureishi. Resian boldly asks Joseph to be her patureishi but heexplains how it is impossible for that to happen due to Nasila cultural norms. Taiyo andResian question the rigidity of Nasila culture and traditions.


The chapter then says a lot about theMaa Culture on different subjects. He explains different types of loves to the two girls;elangatare and patureishi. Resian boldly asks Joseph to be her patureishi but heexplains how it is impossible for that to happen due to Nasila cultural norms. Taiyo andResian question the rigidity of Nasila culture and traditions. They question somenegative practices like F.G.M Joseph clarifies that culture had dropped some negativepractices like throwing the dead and the dying to the hyenas, abandoning very old and illin deserted homesteads. In a flashback, Taiyo accounts for her love to Joseph. Itbegan on the day their father organized a homecoming celebration and since then shehas even visited Joseph in his house. Joseph also feels strong love to her but traditions11shields him from her. They think of falling in love and leaving for a far destination. Taiyo is ready but Joseph is prefers to abide by Nasila culture. CHAPTER 10: OLARINKOI VERSUS THE RAPISTSA cloud of apprehension hangs around the couple. Oloisudori does not turn up as hehad promised earlier. After procrastinating for some time they find it unbearable. Mother and father leave their home so as to consult their friends; the wife to Simirenand Ole Kaelo to Supeyo, on the issue touching on Oloisudori s callous demand to marryone of their daughters. The two girls go to the shop to have their lunch prepared by themanager, Maiso. On their return journey, they are attacked by two rude young men. Onobserving the two men, they realise one of the accosters was responsible for the earlierambush. The two young men are frightening for they are in possession of knobkerries. They attempt to rape them but luckily the girls are rescued by Olarinkoi. The girls cannotthank Olarinkoi enough. The two girls detest the two young men s behaviour. The girlsfeel terribly shaken. Resian feels she should leave Nasila for university. The incidentstrengthens Taiyo s resolve as a combatant in a war zone. CHAPTER 11: CHANGE OF ENVIRONMENTTaiyo and Resian wait for their parent s return to tell them of the near rape ordeal asthey were coming from their shop at Nasila. Ole Kaelo is very agitated on hearing thathis daughters were assaulted with the aim of being raped.


Resian feels she should leave Nasila for university. The incidentstrengthens Taiyo s resolve as a combatant in a war zone. CHAPTER 11: CHANGE OF ENVIRONMENTTaiyo and Resian wait for their parent s return to tell them of the near rape ordeal asthey were coming from their shop at Nasila. Ole Kaelo is very agitated on hearing thathis daughters were assaulted with the aim of being raped. Their father storms out ofthe house while their mother asks them to go to Simiren s house to have a change ofenvironment. The girls are heartily welcomed at their uncle s home and that enables them to settlevery fast. They get used to the communal and polygamous running of affairs at theiruncle s home. They learn very many aspects of Nasila culture, both negative andpositive. They are told more about Minik ene Nkoitoi, the Emakererei and their rolemodel by one of Simiren s wives. They are told that she went to Makerere Universitywhere she studied veterinary medicine. They admire her opposition of negative Nasila12culture and say they would like to be like her. Through flashback, it is revealed thatResian s interest in vet medicine began when she and Taiyo accompanied their father toagricultural show in Nakuru and since then, she has admired the profession. Taiyoplans to compose a song with the help of Joseph Parmuat praising Minik and ridiculingthree women who still clung on retrogressive Nasilian culture. Later, they are asked toreturn home by their parents. A party, which their parents also attend, is held for themafter which they return home. CHAPTER 12: RETALIATIONOle Kaelo hits the road angry and bitter and complaining to all he meets about thebeastly attack on his daughter. He goes to the school where Joseph teaches andexplains the events heading to his anger. Joseph parades all pupils, and sends boysfrom the Ilmolelian clan to go and call their elder brothers and fathers to an urgentmeeting at Oerata plain. The search party narrows down on Lante son of Kanyira of Ilukumae clan and Ntara sonof Muyo, also of Ilukumae clan as the culprits. They decide to embark on a revengemission to prevent further provocation from the Illukumae clan.


A party, which their parents also attend, is held for themafter which they return home. CHAPTER 12: RETALIATIONOle Kaelo hits the road angry and bitter and complaining to all he meets about thebeastly attack on his daughter. He goes to the school where Joseph teaches andexplains the events heading to his anger. Joseph parades all pupils, and sends boysfrom the Ilmolelian clan to go and call their elder brothers and fathers to an urgentmeeting at Oerata plain. The search party narrows down on Lante son of Kanyira of Ilukumae clan and Ntara sonof Muyo, also of Ilukumae clan as the culprits. They decide to embark on a revengemission to prevent further provocation from the Illukumae clan. The retaliation is doneby the young and old men from Iimolelian clan and the sympathizers from Limakesenclan. The search party comes across the two culprits who ran and fall under the feet oftwo old men begging for mercy. According to Nasila culture, a man is spared of anycrime if he hides his head between the legs of an old man. Nevertheless, they areclobbered, slapped and kicked by Kaelo and his men. It is realized after interrogationthat one of the offenders was related to Taiyo and Resian for he was son of MamaMilanoi s sisters. A cleansing ceremony is planned and Ole Kaelo is compensated forthe trauma he underwent. Ntara Muyo gives Taiyo and Resian each a heifer to removethe shame he caused them. Lante pays two heifers. Ole Kaelo continue to have mixed feelings about Oloisudori s plan to marry his daughter. He consoles himself that Oloisudori is not an ordinary man. And that his businesssuccess depended on him. Thus reasoning, he decides to go along with Oloisudori splan. He also dismisses negative rumours about Oloisudori assuring himself that his13daughter was lucky to get such a man. Meanwhile, the girls visit to the uncle s homehas greatly changed their outlook on life.


Thus reasoning, he decides to go along with Oloisudori splan. He also dismisses negative rumours about Oloisudori assuring himself that his13daughter was lucky to get such a man. Meanwhile, the girls visit to the uncle s homehas greatly changed their outlook on life. It reduces their overreliance on their parents. They are finally happy that they are getting acceptance in the highly traditionalcommunity. CHAPTER 13: OLOISUDORI S GRAND VISITOloisudori changes his plans of coming for Resian in two weeks time and declares hewould do so the following day. He would be accompanied by his three friends andwants Resian to cook for them. Ole Kaelo asks Resian to remain at home and cook forthem instead of going to help plaster the kitchen of Teiyo Kiti with Taiyo as they hadplanned. She is not comfortable with the idea saying she fears Oloisudori and that he islike a monster. Her father hears none of her protestation. Resian seeks refuge in thegarden. She wonders why she has been chosen and not Taiyo. She finds injustice inthe way her father treated her unlike her sister Taiyo. Taiyo sympathizes with hersituation. She knows her father biasness in treating his daughters. She thinks that thecurrent demand from his father would make him hate her more. She blames the newculture that her father has immersed himself into as the cause of all her problems. Traditionally, a girl was shielded from men and it was rare for a girl to interact with men. Finally, Resian agrees to cook for the visitors after Taiyo is allowed to do it with her. Oloisudori arrives in a procession of four wheel drive vehicles. He is immaculatelydressed and so is his three friends. Taiyo starts sensing that he could be targeting hersister Resian. He gives each of the family members generous gifts including abriefcase to their father. Later after leaving, Taiyo talks to her father to get moreinformation about Oloisudori and his mission in their home but he reveals little. Afterfailing, she plans to ask him to enroll them at Egerton but she does not succeed. OleKaelo calls for his daughter Resian. He talks to her pleasantly and tells her he has goodnews for her. Resian misinterprets this thinking it s about being enrolled at theuniversity.


Afterfailing, she plans to ask him to enroll them at Egerton but she does not succeed. OleKaelo calls for his daughter Resian. He talks to her pleasantly and tells her he has goodnews for her. Resian misinterprets this thinking it s about being enrolled at theuniversity. Finding that they are on different pages, he dismisses her and calls for hermother. CHAPTER 14: THE WEALTHY OLOISUDORI14Ole Kaelo and his wife visit one of Oloisudori s homes in Naivasha. He wanted them tosee the home he is building for their daughter so that they can easily convince her tomarry him. Oloisudori compares Resian with one of the legendary beauty in the landand this greatly flatters Ole Kaelo. He also compares her with lord Ngata an Englishlady who drove a legendary gentleman crazy but the lady finally refused to marry himhence making the gentleman hate women forever. He intends to rectify that by buildinga palatial home that she would not turn down. Oloisudori is even ready to enroll her as aparallel student at Egerton if she marries him. However, she must undergo circumcisionbefore he can marry her. Ole Kaelo regards Resian lucky and hopes his other daughterwould find such a rich man who could give him generous dowry. Ole Kaelo reminisces his journey with his wife to Oloisudori s palatial home in Naivashawith pleasure. He still remembers with awe the grandeur and magnificence of the houseOloisudori was building for Resian in Milimani area of Nakuru which made him decidethat Resian had to be married by Oloisudori come what may. Before parting, they hatcha plan of abducting Resian if she offers resistance and are very happy about it. His wifeis not very happy about the idea but has no option. She is unhappy that her daughterwould miss a chance of going to Egerton University. Ole Kaelo also seems at conflictbut keeps assuring himself that Oloisudori is a genuine man enjoying his own fruits oflabour.


His wifeis not very happy about the idea but has no option. She is unhappy that her daughterwould miss a chance of going to Egerton University. Ole Kaelo also seems at conflictbut keeps assuring himself that Oloisudori is a genuine man enjoying his own fruits oflabour. Later, after a disturbed night, he has a dream in which Resian accepts to marryOloisudori without any resistance and that raises husband and wife s spirits. Resian and Taiyo hatch a plan of returning all gifts Oloisudori had given them in his nextvisit to show him they were not on sale. Resian receives Oloisudori warmly into theirhome and hands over the carton she and Taiyo had packed all his gifts. This catchesOloisudori by surprise and he is made to believe that the battle has been won. Hereveals his plans to marry her and she is shocked by the revelation. They have a nastyexchange of words with Resian telling him that she can only be his wife over her deadbody. Resian storms out of the house and confronts her father in his shop at Nasila. OleKaelo confirms his intention to marry her off to his friend and says he has no intentionof enrolling her to university. She has a nasty verbal exchange after which he slaps hertwice. She tells him he better kill her than hand her over to his friend, the monster. 15Their bitter exchange attracts a crowd outside the shop. Resian leaves in hurry andheads to the river where she contemplates committing suicide. Just then, Olarinkoicomes to what seems to be her rescue. She tells her that Oloisudori men are lookingfor her all over and that he can help her reach Minik s ranch. Resian agrees to the ideaand they plan to start off very early the following day. CHAPTER 15: THE REAL OLARINKOIAfter a sugarless breakfast served by a kind-hearted old woman, Resian and Olarinkoigets into a pick up to start their journey to Minik s ranch. The old woman gives Resian aleso and a blanket to cover herself with. At the beginning, she is very optimistic andhappy that finally her salvation has come. Later the hot weather and the bumpy ridemakes the journey very uncomfortable while dust, flies, mosquitoes and the fear of wildanimals haunt along the way.


The old woman gives Resian aleso and a blanket to cover herself with. At the beginning, she is very optimistic andhappy that finally her salvation has come. Later the hot weather and the bumpy ridemakes the journey very uncomfortable while dust, flies, mosquitoes and the fear of wildanimals haunt along the way. On the way, Olarinkoi is aloof, he does not communicatewith Resian, but this does not bother her for her focus is to reach the ranch and meetMinik her mentor. The pick- up stops outside a mud plastered house with a rusty tin roof and Olarinkoiorders her to alight. He orders her to follow her into the desolate house which has tworooms Olarinkoi brings several foodstuffs he had brought with him in the pick-up, rudelygives Resian several instructions on how to cook a meal and leaves in a huff. Soon, shefalls asleep and dreams where she meets Minik who promises to enroll her as a studentat Egerton University and protect her from F.G.M. Her dream is interrupted by a loudbang on the door by Olarinkoi. He reprimands her for not cooking food and tells her sheis his wife. He proceeds to take her by force and a struggle ensues. Resian bites histhumb and in defense, he hits her on the ribcage making her pass out before proceedingto rape her. When consciousness returns, Resian realizes she was in a bed covered with bloody ragsand naked. She begins to have recollection of what happened but cannot go beyondbiting Olarinkoi s thumb. She faints again and sees alternating images of both Olarinkoiand Oloisudori. When she regains consciousness, she notices another woman who shehad been seeing in her hallucinations in the room. The woman is called Nabaru and is16the nurse that has been treating her. One evening after she is able to walk on her feet,Olarinkoi s mother comes and admonishes her for biting her son s thumb and abusesher for being uncircumcised. She reveals that she intends to have her circumcised afterrecovering and that she and Olarinkoi would go to Tanzania to start their marriage.


The woman is called Nabaru and is16the nurse that has been treating her. One evening after she is able to walk on her feet,Olarinkoi s mother comes and admonishes her for biting her son s thumb and abusesher for being uncircumcised. She reveals that she intends to have her circumcised afterrecovering and that she and Olarinkoi would go to Tanzania to start their marriage. Thenurse comes when she is deep in thoughts and tells her that Olarinkoi s mother is anenkoiboni, a prophet and had prophesied that her son would bring one of Ole Kaelo sdaughter home, circumcise her and make her his wife. The nurse tells her she hasadmired her courage and is ready to help her out in whatever plans she has. The newsgives Resian a new surge of hope. CHAPTER 16: HELPResian has a life full of torment at Olarinkoi s home from insects, reptiles as well asfrom the old enkoiboni. The Enkoiboni has a lot of bitterness directed to the well to do in the society such as Oloisudori. Nabaru informs Resian she is under a lot ofpressure from Enkoiboni to have her recover so that she can undergo the initiation ritual. Resian pleads with her to take her to Emakererei s ranch which Nabaru agrees to. When her health improves a little bit, Resian starts venturing out of the homestead. Shekeeps the company of some two young women who were married early. Olarinkoi reappears after disappearing for several days and tries to ask for forgiveness from Resianand even assures her that he would never molest her sexually again. He discloses thatthey plan to have her circumcised in two days time so that he can marry her. After therevelation, Resian realizes that her only hope is in Nabaru. She waits for her eagerly butdoes not come that evening. She has a dream in which she fights the enkamuratani whowants to circumcise her, enkoiboni and when she is about to attack Nabaru, her dreamis cut short by somebody calling out her name. Resian at first is unable to stand to openthe door for Nabaru but after great effort, she reaches the door and opens it beforecollapsing.


She waits for her eagerly butdoes not come that evening. She has a dream in which she fights the enkamuratani whowants to circumcise her, enkoiboni and when she is about to attack Nabaru, her dreamis cut short by somebody calling out her name. Resian at first is unable to stand to openthe door for Nabaru but after great effort, she reaches the door and opens it beforecollapsing. Nabaru administers some medicine through her mouth and she regainsconsciousness. The two women escape from the advancing enkoiboni, Olarinkoi andthe enkamuratani. As they walk to the main road to board a lorry, they experience a bigchallenge, the heavy rain. Olarinkoi catches up with them as the lorry is about to leave,exchanges assaulting words with the two women before leaving him standing in the rain. 17Finally, they reach the sheep ranch were Minik ene Nkoitoi is the manager, and the placewhere she so longed to go. Resian is very grateful for Nabaru s sacrifices to save herfrom Olarinkoi saying that only God could repay her for her love and kindness. Threemotorbikes catch up with them as they wait for their lorry to cool down. One of theriders is Minik who also recognizes Resian having seen her picture in the papers whichadvertised her disappearance and promised a big reward to whoever would find her. Minik orders the driver to take her to the farm so that they can talk more. Resian is nowtowards the end of a torturous journey; homestretch as the lorry heads to the station. CHAPTER 17: THE PROMISEResian finds Minik sitting on the veranda of her spacious house. She is awed by herpresence for she reminds her of her high school Principal. She welcomes Nabaru andResian into her glamorous and elegant house. After bathing, she tells Minik the eventsleading to her present state. She discloses she has always admired Minik, wanted tomeet her and wanted to study veterinary medicine which Minik herself did at MakerereUniversity.


She welcomes Nabaru andResian into her glamorous and elegant house. After bathing, she tells Minik the eventsleading to her present state. She discloses she has always admired Minik, wanted tomeet her and wanted to study veterinary medicine which Minik herself did at MakerereUniversity. She also tells her that she would like to join her in the fight against FGM.Minik observes that some cultural practices like F.G.M and emuata had outlived theirusefulness and should cease being part of Maa s culture. Nabaru promises to joinMinik in fighting the practice Minik also promises to have Taiyo and Resian enrolled atEgerton University, their lifelong dream. She also promises Resian a scholarship andgives her a fully furnished house and a job in the ranch for the duration she would bestudying at the universityCHAPTER 18: SISTERS REUNIONOn her fifth day in the ranch one mid-morning, a vehicle that Minik had sent on a rescuemission comes in the ranch. Minik goes to see the girl s condition and later sends forResian. Resian is gripped by anxiety and apprehension on finding Minik angry. Minik isangry at the new culture brought by wealth where men would like young girls andforcefully circumcise them hence lowering their esteem. She narrates the case aboutthe girl. She tells Resian the girl s rescue was not easy for the home where she wascircumcised was heavily guarded and after luring the guards, they were able to rescue18her but unfortunately, the man who assisted in rescuing the girl was speared to death bythe thugs. She tells Resian that the rescued girl was her sister and the killed man wasJoseph Parmuat a teacher. Through recollections, Taiyo remembers how her mother lured her to accompany threewomen promising they would take her to Resian. When they got to Esoit village shewas abandoned in a smoky hut and in the morning was forcefully circumcised. Afterthat she went through several hallucinations. Resian goes to her room and the sistershug and kiss passionately. The reunion of the two girls is very emotional. Taiyo slowlyrecovers with the help of Minik, nursing care of Nabaru and counseling by a teacher. Taiyo fully recovers, she and her sister discuss their dark past events.


Resian goes to her room and the sistershug and kiss passionately. The reunion of the two girls is very emotional. Taiyo slowlyrecovers with the help of Minik, nursing care of Nabaru and counseling by a teacher. Taiyo fully recovers, she and her sister discuss their dark past events. They blame theirmother for accepting to agree to everything their father said. They vow not to besubservient to their male counterparts. They also blame women for the perpetuation ofF.G.M arguing that if all women said no to the practice, men would do nothing about it. As the chapter comes to a close, Taiyo is advised to accept what has happened to herand move on. She is also advised to ensure in future her children do not go through asimilar experience. The three ladies agree that if they stand by their position theprimitive culture would end. CHAPTER 19: DREAM FULFILLEDMinik calls for Taiyo and Resian later in August that year. She discloses that thecontents of the two envelopes she has are about their admission in Egerton University. The girls are elated by the news. Minik organizes a farewell party for the girls. Sheinvites many workers and girls to come and celebrate with the girls. The girls fromIntapuka-e-Maa sing a song that seeks to empower and energize them in theirresistance of outdated cultural practices. In the song, they condemn F.G.M and envisionthemselves as great professionals just like men in the nation. As they sing, Oloisudoricomes in a convoy of vehicles to demand to be given either Resian or Taiyo arguing thathe has already paid enough to have them both. Minik tells him to leave the place for hewould have none of the girls. Oloisudori starts insulting Minik calling her a spinster who lost a chance to get married19and now masquerades as an FGM crusader. Oloisudori orders his men to take Resianby force and a vicious fight ensues between the ranch s workers and Oloisudori s men. Oloisudori s convoy is burnt to the ground and he and his men ran for their lives after athorough clobbering. On 5th September the following day, Resian and Taiyo are full of happy sensation asthey climb the four wheel drive vehicle belonging to Minik to go to Egerton University,their Nirvana.


As they sing, Oloisudoricomes in a convoy of vehicles to demand to be given either Resian or Taiyo arguing thathe has already paid enough to have them both. Minik tells him to leave the place for hewould have none of the girls. Oloisudori starts insulting Minik calling her a spinster who lost a chance to get married19and now masquerades as an FGM crusader. Oloisudori orders his men to take Resianby force and a vicious fight ensues between the ranch s workers and Oloisudori s men. Oloisudori s convoy is burnt to the ground and he and his men ran for their lives after athorough clobbering. On 5th September the following day, Resian and Taiyo are full of happy sensation asthey climb the four wheel drive vehicle belonging to Minik to go to Egerton University,their Nirvana. They think of ways to repay Minik for her kindness but all in all agree thatit is well that ends well. CHAPTER TWOCHARACTERS AND CHARACTERISATIONA character is a fictitious personage created by a novelist in order to convey an idea. Characterization is the process of selecting suitable characters that suit specific roles bythe novelist. Characters are of many types: main, minor, shadow, protagonist, antagonistdepending on their role and significance. With themes and style, they form the basictriangle in literary work. The three questions answered by the three basic aspects arewhat, how and who. The question answered by character and characterization is who .In this novel, the protagonist, the character every reader would wish to be like, is Resian. The family of Kaelo is a key family; Kaelo, Mama Milanoi and Taiyo. Close people to thisfamily like Oloisudori, Olarinkoi, and Joseph Parmuat are equally key characters in thisnovel. There are still other characters that help in anchoring thematic concerns, the plotand style and they include: Simiren, his wives especially Yeiyoo Botorr and yeiyoo-kiti, OleSupeyo, Nabaru, Minik, the enkamuratani and enkoiboni. Parsimei Ole KaeloHe is the husband to Mama Milanoi and father to Taiyo and Resian.


The question answered by character and characterization is who .In this novel, the protagonist, the character every reader would wish to be like, is Resian. The family of Kaelo is a key family; Kaelo, Mama Milanoi and Taiyo. Close people to thisfamily like Oloisudori, Olarinkoi, and Joseph Parmuat are equally key characters in thisnovel. There are still other characters that help in anchoring thematic concerns, the plotand style and they include: Simiren, his wives especially Yeiyoo Botorr and yeiyoo-kiti, OleSupeyo, Nabaru, Minik, the enkamuratani and enkoiboni. Parsimei Ole KaeloHe is the husband to Mama Milanoi and father to Taiyo and Resian. He is a retrenched20commercial manager of Agribix Limited Company situated in Nakuru. StrictAs the bread winner of the family and a senior officer at the work place Kaelo developsa strict character. As the novel begins, he is reprimanding the loaders of a lorry p.1 . Hedenies Taiyo permission to travel to Mombasa with other young men and women toattend an extravaganza. He thinks Taiyo s exposure to music extravaganza wouldmake her a harlot p.45 . Taiyo tells Resian they hurry to the lorry before father spoilstheir day with his sharp tongue p. 5 . He also denies Resian a chance to go to theuniversity saying her education is enough yet his aim is to enjoy the money p.207 . Heterms Resian as stupid and myopic for insisting on going to school. P.207 . Hisdaughters fear to report the heinous incident when they are accosted by a callous youngman p.20 . When he is away, the house is joyous and comfortable. P.35 . The momentResian sees him, she becomes clumsy and breaks a glass p.40 . During thehomecoming ceremony, he sends a corrosive glance at Taiyo when Joseph approachesher. P.48 .


The momentResian sees him, she becomes clumsy and breaks a glass p.40 . During thehomecoming ceremony, he sends a corrosive glance at Taiyo when Joseph approachesher. P.48 . When their father comes at the sitting room, Taiyo and Resian disappear tothe kitchen p.69 Commanding short temperedHe commands the loaders violently p.1 .Taiyo knew the sting of her father s tongue. P.1 When a lorry breaks down during relocation, he fuses, curses and muttersexpletives p.10 .When Resian becomes clumsy and almost breaks the glass he winces,grimaces and struggles to control himself p 40 .When mama Milanoi shows herdilemma about whether the girls should be circumcised or not, Kaelo commands, Youmust immediately start counseling the girls p.61 . After Supeyo fails to take him toOloisudori, he gets very annoyed. He shouted in a thunderous booming voice p.46 . Onlearning that her girls were accosted he takes a sword and froths trembling p.147 .Hefuriously pursues the men who had accosted his daughters p.159 .HatefulHe detests Resian from the moment she is born. When she shows early signs ofmaturity he declares to himself the earlier we disposed of her, the better p.10 . This21clearly shows his disregard to his own blood. Mama Milanoi attests that Kaelo hadscolded and bullied her like half-witted child p.29 . He wonders where in the world theyfetched that awkward, overblown, stupid Resian. P.40 . When they make an accidentwith Resian at the door he curses, Have you run amok? P.96 . This is a disregard ofthe delicate emotional little girl. He brutally slaps Resian for not co-operating withOloisudori p.209 He gets dowry from Oloisudori without even informing his daughters p.209 .This is great disregard to Resian for she is the one expected to be in themarriage yet he does not inform her that he has picked dowry. HardworkingKaelo remembers how while young he worked himself to the bone preparing for hisfuture p.8 .


When they make an accidentwith Resian at the door he curses, Have you run amok? P.96 . This is a disregard ofthe delicate emotional little girl. He brutally slaps Resian for not co-operating withOloisudori p.209 He gets dowry from Oloisudori without even informing his daughters p.209 .This is great disregard to Resian for she is the one expected to be in themarriage yet he does not inform her that he has picked dowry. HardworkingKaelo remembers how while young he worked himself to the bone preparing for hisfuture p.8 . He believes the way to the stars is hard work p.8 . Hard work had seenhim through the ranks from a clerk to the coveted position of a manager p.9 . Hesucceeds in whatever he puts his hands in p.29 . He goes to Nakuru to work andreturns to Nasila with wealth p.38 . While organizing for the homecoming event, hewakes up at cock crow. Mama Milanoi informs Yeiyo-Botorr that Kaelo is hard-workingand that Taiyo resembles him p.76 .SexistA sexist person is that who discriminates on grounds of sex. Right from the time Resianis born, he detests her for she is not male. It is unfair for a child is always innocent. Inthis case she did not participate in her birth. He uses abusive language on Resian mostof the time. He instructs Joseph to coach her girls on traditional dances. Resian arguesthat if they were males their father would not have got them a trainer. It had been hisprayer to get at least three boys p.9 .Chauvinistic egocentricTaiyo is his pride. When she is born, Kaelo proofs his fatherhood p.10 . But when hegets the second girl, he is disappointed. He detests Resian since then p.10 . When hesees Joseph talking to her daughter, he refers her to Mama Milanoi s daughter p .48 yet we know she belongs to both her father and mother but since he considers thegesture embarrassing he does not wish to be associated with her. He talks to her22daughter through their mother p.69 .this is because his gloated manly feeling cannotallow him to address a young girl.