Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.2ADEFINITIVEGUIDETOINHERITANCETheAuthor DavidKakutaMulwawasbornon9thApril1945intheplainsofMukaainMakueniCounty. Hiswritingwasinfluencedbyhisfather,PastorJohnMulwa,andhisteachersfrom primaryschooltotheuniversity. David Mulwa wentto Machakos Boys High School,then toAllianceHighSchoolforhisA-levels. HejoinedtheUniversityofNairobiwhere he studied Literature instructed byTaban LoLiyong'andOkotP 'Bitek. HeproceededtotheUniversityofCaliforniainLosAngelesunderascholarshipwherehestudiedMastersinArts. Mulwahasalsowrittenotherbooksincluding'Redemption' 1989 ,'MasterandServant' 1979 ,'WeComeinPeace','GlassHouses,' Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.3amongothersbooks. Davidiscurrentlyawriter,lecturer,actorandthedirectorofKenyaPerformingArtsinNairobi. TheSetting ThestoryissetincolonialAfricaintheKutulacolonyundertheBritishrule. Thecolonialmasterslivelavishlyattheexpenseofthepoornativeswhoserveastheirslaves. ThetraditionalrulerofthenativesisKingKutulaXV.ThekingisbentonoverthrowingtheBritishleadershipbyallmeans. Heleadshispeopleinanationaluprisingagainstthewhitesettlersandoutrightlytellsthewhitegovernorthat"...yourpeoplewillcontinuetodie. Everyoneofthem ...GovernorMacayandnoone'llhelpyou...Ihavespoken.". Pg13 . AftertheexitoftheBritish,KutulabecomesarepublicundertheleadershipofLacunaKasooafterthedeathofhis Lacuna's father,KingKutulaXV. LacunaKasoo'sleadershipturnsouttobeworsethantheleadershipof the colonialmasters. It is marred with greed,corruption,incompetenceandassassinations. Hisdictatorialregimetriggersapeacefulcivilrevolutionthatsuccessfullyoverthrowshisleadership. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.4TheTitle Theplay'Inheritance'revolvesaroundaconflictbetweentheAfricannatives and the white settlers overthe inheritance ofland,itsresourcesandleadership. TheBritishinvasioninAfricanismotivatedbythedesiretotapresourcesfrom Africathroughtheircolonialruleundertheguiseofbringingcivilizationinform ofeducation,infrastructure,andhospitalstothe"primitive"Africans. Oncesettled,thecolonialmastersgraduallygrabbedvastareasoflandfrom thenativesforagriculture,miningandsettlementtherebydisplacingandenslavingthenatives. TheBritishEmpiredependedonAfricaforsurvival,hencethedesiretoruleandcontrolAfricawiththeirresources. Thenatives,throughtheirKingKutula,realizetheurgentneedtoinheritwhatthewhitesettlershaverobbedthem. Wewanttobuildandrunourhomeinourownway. Thislandisourmother. Wewantourchildrentoliveandshareequallywhatshegivesus...allthatyoutakefrom her.". P.12 .A countrywideuprising beginsand theWhiteman'sruleends. KingKutulaXVinheritstheleadershipfromtheBritishmasters. KingKutula'sleadershipislaterinheritedbyhisson,LacunaKasoo. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.5Lacunaismanipulatedanddeceivedbytheimperialiststokillhisownfather. GoldsteinisawareofLacuna'sinsatiablegreed. Hepromisestogroom LacunatoleadershipaslongasKingKutulaisoutoftheway. HisintentionistogetLacuna,whoiseasytocontrol,Prologue TheprologueopensinGovernorThorneMacay'smansion,whichisdescribedaslavishandonethatrentstheairofpowerandauthority. The Governoris seemingly angry atthe natives'ineptitude andincompetenceandfeelsdisempoweredbytheabolitionofthewhipasthenativeshavenowdownedtheirtools. TheGovernor'sattendanthaskeptBishopMenninger, brainoftheempire PrincessSangoi,andKingKutula,whohavecometoseethegovernor,waitingforanhourbecausethelatterisonatea-break,andwhenaskedwhyhekeepstheguestsforthatlongreplies,.yourordersis:Donotdisturbhisexcellenttea-timeandmeditetioninghour..." p.3-4 . Thenativeshaveriotedagainstthewhitesettlers,destroyedtheirproperty,molestedthewomenandchildrenandhavebreachedtheagreementandtrustmadeearlier asituationthatcouldleadtoalongbloodywar...!". P.8 . Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.6 BishopMenningerhasdocumentedadvicefortheGovernor. Hepointsoutinthedocumentthatnativeswouldneverchangefrom theirconfused simple nature and thatthey would neverbe like thesophisticatedandcivilizedwhitesbutwouldonlyremainascopycats. Healsopointsouttothegovernorthattheimperialistswouldhavetocontinuetoruleandlaybasicrulesforthenativessinceleftontheirown;theywouldoffernothingofsignificance. KingKutula'sentrytothegovernor'smansionisusheredinbyanattendantwhoregardshimwithaweandreverence. Headdressesthekingas"Thesonoftheking from thestarsandtheheaven, pg6 GovernorThorneMacayhasneverunderstoodthe'infernalallegiance thatnativeshavetheirleadersbutMenningerisborn from theirinabilitytoreasonandthink. Heseesthem ascommonanimalswaybelowthewhiteswhomhetermsasdemocraticandcivilized. Governor thorne has summoned the king to register hisdisappointmentaboutkingKutula ssilenceontheescalatingviolenceinhiskingdom resultingfrom thenationwideupraisingbythenativesagainstthewhiteleaders. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.7 King Kutula dismisses Thorne s concerns by quoting an AfricanproverbtomocktheGovernor. Hesays Thechameleontoldthehare:makeyourstepImakemine;itisgoodcompany friend. Pg8 ThorneisoffendedandthreatenstoimprisonthekingforlifebeforeMenningerremindshim thatheistalkingtotheking. HeasksThorneto askdirectquestionsand avoid thelong winged proverbsandproverbialdrivelswhenthekingbeginstobombardthegovernorwithmanymoreproverbsandsayings. ThorneisthenshockedwhenKutulaadmitshisknowledgeofthecountrywideuprising and hissupportoftheviolenceagainstthegovernor speopledespitetheirgoodwilltobringcivilizationtothenatives. Hesays, Icannotshutthevoicesofmyfather pg10 ThegovernorisshockedbythesuddenchangeofattitudewhenKutulabluntlytellshimthat wedonotwantyouhere! Pg10 Kutularegretswhyhisfathersassentedtotheimperialistdraftedagreementthathadallowedthecolonialisttosubjecthispeopleto Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.8devastatingeffectsoftheiroppressiverulesandexcessivezeal. Kutulathreatensthegovernorthathispeoplewillcontinuetodieifhewon tletthenativesbuildandruntheirhome. He,however,hasnoobjectiontothewhitemanteachingthenativeshiswasbutwithmoderation. Sangoijoinstheleaderandexpressesherwillingnesstogoabroadandpursuethewhiteman'seducation. GovernorThorne'sfearoverKingKutula'seffortstogroomhisadopteddaughteristhatshewillbeanempoweredmatriarchandalionesstocontendwithinthefuture. MenningerisquicktoconsoleThornethatSangoi'seducationwouldonlyconfuseher. TheBishop'splanistounleashSangoiagainsthersimplefolkuponthecompletionofhereducationfortheirbenefit. Tasks1.WhatdoesThornemeanbythestatement,"Africasupports,naymaintains,theempire" pg.4 ? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.92."Make hera slave...again...Revisithistory,Menninger...revisit..." pg.5 . What is your understanding of thisstatement?3.Inwhatwaysdothenativesexhibit'infernalallegiance'totheirleaders?4.Identifytheproverbsintheprologueandtheirrelevance.5.Menningeradmitstouseof"excessivezeal. "Howhavethenativesreactedtoit?6."Thekingisdangerous. LiketheQueenbee..."Demonstratethetruthofthisstatement.7.Commentontheconflictthatarisesintheprologue.8.WhatdoesThornemeanwhenhesays"TurmoilinAfricameansagreatlosstotheempire" pg.4 ? 9.Outline the reasons King Kutula gives forwanting theimperialiststoleaveKutula.10.Pointoutatinstances in the prologue thatrevealThorneMacay'sattitudetowardsthenatives.11.Whatistheprologueallabout? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.10Commentary TheprologuecaptureslifeinKutuladuringthecolonialeraundertheauthoritarianandoppressiveleadershipofthecolonialists. MulwaportraysthecolonyofKutulaasoneundertheharshruleofGovernorThornewhoisapparentlyangrywiththecolonialofficethathasabolishedwhippingthenatives. HeisdispleasedwiththecolonialofficerinLondonforhisadvocacyonsimulatedhumanitarianism fordeclaringthewhipasobsolete. Hesays,"ThefooldrinkingcoffeeinLondonwhileImollycoddlenatives.theydowntheirtoolsandnothinggetsdone.". Page3 TheGovernormistreatsandabusesthenativeblackservantandcallstheattendant,a"ditheryidiot"andregardshim asimpudentandthencompareshim tocommonanimals. Hisleadershipisexcessivelyzealousandhumiliating. A conflicthasensued between theAfricansand theirwhitemastersoverland,leadershipandresources. TheWhitemanhasbeenrobbingtheAfricansoftheirvaluablesandexportingthem Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.11tohismotherland. KingKutulaXVtakesdispleasureintheapparentinheritanceandinsiststhatnativesmustsharewhatcomesfrom theirland. Itisclearthatincaseofarevolution,theBritishEmpirestandstolosein the eventthatthe natives take overgovernance. This isbecause"Africasupportstheempire..." p.4 . Interracialconflictandrevolutionisdemonstratedbythereprisalandescalatingviolencebetweenthenativesandwhitesettlers. ThenativesdestroytheWhite'spropertyandmolesttheirchildrenandwomen. Theauthorbringsouttheconflictofattitudewherethewhitesettlersconsider themselvescivilized, democraticandmodernized. Theyalsoclaim tohavebroughtchangethrougheducation,hospitals,roads,churches,employment to theprimitive,ignorantandungratefulnatives. However,Kutulainsiststhatjustasabeetlecarriesitshouseonits back whetherstinking ornot,the natives willgovernthemselvesdespitetheirignoranceandinability. Pg11 Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.12 Ironyisemployedintheprologue. GovernorThorneregardsthenatives'customsasprimitive. Menningerseesthem aslackingoriginalityandcommonreasonyettheycanhardlycomprehendthewisdominthe'longwindedproverbs'ofthenatives. Theyalsodependonthenatives'republictosustaintheirempire. ItisironicalthattheBritishclaim tohavebroughtcivilizationtothenativesthroughschoolsyettheirmainmotiveistorobthesamenativesoftheirvaluables. TheyfearKingKutulaandregardhimas"aningenious rascal" p.15 .andadangerousman. 'Thiskingisdangerouslikethequeenbee,hesanctionsthestingandthetoilingworkersindiscriminatelydescenduponourpeople TheuseofproverbsisastylethatportraysKingKutula asassertive,independentmindedandingeniousdespitethewhiteman'scontrolandmanipulation. Heisalsocalm andcollected. Theauthortreatsthereadertodetaileddescriptionaboutthecharactersandsetting. Menningeris"...middleaged,powerfullybuiltman ...An airofkeen intelligence and extreme selfimportanceabouthim... page4 .KingKutulaisdescribedasatall,leanandathleticmaninhislatefiftiesamostself-assuredrulerwithanunnervingprese. Nce. P.7 . GovernorThorneisportrayedasanabusiveleader. Heinsultsthe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.13attendantasa'ditheringidiot'impliesthatheisimprudent,referstothecolonialofficeroverseesas'Thefool'. Heisalsoshorttempered;hehandlestheattendantroughlyandisimpatientwithhim, don tgecko-gawkatme!"HeaddressesKingKutulawi01insultsthus"Damnall,KingKutula". Page8 . Thegovernorisoppressive,authoritarianandselfish. Hefeelsdisadvantagedafterthewhipisabolishedbecauseheusesitforhisownconvenience. HeisdishonestandpretendstosupportSangoi'seducationyethewantstouseitagainstthenativesandbenefitfromdividingthemasadvisedbyBishopMenninger. KingKutulaXVisfirm andassertive. HetellsThornethatheissilentabouttheuprisingandthat"yourpeoplewillcontinuetodie.". Pg.13 .Hewillnotbow toimperialism. TheKingiswise. Hequotesmanyproverbsandnarrativesappropriatelytopassimportantmessages. King Kutula is calm and collected,and responds with admirablecalmnesstoGovernorThorne'soutburstsofanger. Heisaconfidentmanwhoisunafraidofthewhiteman'sthreats. "DoyouknowIcanclapyouinforlife?"Heresponds,'.eldersdon'tbandyinsults.". P.8 Menningerissanctimoniousdespitebeingamanofthecloth. Hepropagatesoppression,imperialism,deceitandopportunism totheimperialmajestythrough hisadvice and counsel. He completely Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.14disregardsthevirtuousandgoodnewsmessagethathisreligionpreaches. Heseesnativesasrabbleswithoutunderstandingandcivilization. HeintendstomisguideSangoisothattheWesterneducationmakeshera"...goddessofconfusionandusehertomanipulatethenatives..." p.15 . AttendantIlisextremelyloyaltotheKing. Heispatientandforebearing and isableto workunderThorne. Sangoiisambitious,obedient,trustingandloyalSheobeysandtrustsherfatherwithwhomshespendsalotoftimewith. MovementOneSummaryLeadershipInheritance Kutula,thirtyyearslater,isanindependentRepublicundertheleadershipofLacunaKasooyetthestandardsoflivingarepoor. TaminaZenMeloisemaciatedandolderthanheragewithnoproperhousingandfood. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.15 Bengo,apoliticalactivistwhohasjustarrivedfrom jailinthecapital,istreatedtoacoldwelcomebyTaminawhostillholdstoage-oldbitterness. TaminaexplainstoBengothatthewatertheyusedtogetfromthenearbyspringsandbrookshasbeendivertedbyCouncilorChipandeto BukelengeMountainsfifteenkilometersawaytomakeadam despiteReverendSangoi'sprotests. Infact,aninaugurationforthedamisdoneandreceivesmuchpraise. ThenativeshavebeendeniedlicensestogrowcoffeeandtheirlandstakenbyChipandeaftertheWhitemanleftmakingthemslavesintheirownfarms. Taminasays"Mycoffeefarm inBukelengeMountains?Allgone. Now ImustpickcoffeeforChipandeonthefarmthathehadmeselltohimforpeanuts.". P.24 . Tamina is bitterwith Bengo because ofhis indulgence inoppositionpoliticsthatledtotheneardeathofherhusband,JudahZenMelo,whowasLacuna'sspokespersonandpartyman,afterhisrefusaltokillhisbrotherwhowas"Lacuna'sthorninhispoliticalside.". P.23 . ThisearnsJudahunemploymentandheisexiled. Taminalosteverythingincludingthegoodlifesheoncelived. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.16 Bengo,whoispopularandwouldhavewontheelectionswithalandslide,istakentojailtopavewayforChipande,Lacuna'scrony. Luluarriveshomefrom schoolearlierthanusualtocollectthetwothousandshillingfeesbalancefortheconstructionofaperimeterfenceandthecomputerlaboratorydespitepayingonethousandthepreviousday. Taminacomplainsofherlackofbasicslikefoodandwaterandwondersaboutthe essenceofeducation. Lulu isbitterandsomewhatinsolentanddisrespectfultohermother. Luluisfrustratedbyhermother'shelplessnessandpovertyandthreatensher,"lwillusemybeautythen!Imustcompleteschoolandbesomebody...inanyway pg31 UnlikehermotherLuluwantstobefreefrompovertyandoppression. JudaharrivesfromthetownofPatolaandiswarmlywelcomedbyhiswife. Hesaysjobswerenotforthcomingandthepaywaslow. Besides,youneededyourowntribesmantogetajob. Hesacrificeshismoralsforemploymentbecause,religiondoesn'tsitwellonanemptystomach..." p.36 .HethereforebeginsdrinkingandbribesMithambowithbeertogetajobasaMachineOperator. Heworksforlonghoursandcompetitionis Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.17stiff. Meanwhile,theirsonsarealsointownslookingforjobs. BeforeJudahcanrest,heleavesto"sayhellotothecrowdandescortthe sunset" pg.38 butleaves Tamina eighthundredshillingsbesidestheassortmentofgroceriesthathehasbroughthome. Luluisbackandapologeticfordisrespectinghermother. Shelearnsofherfather'sreturnwithexcitement. Sangoihas been appointed a ministerin the Ministry ofReclamation and Remedies byLacuna againstherwill. SheacceptsthepostforfearthatLacunamightassassinatehernowthatduringhiscoronation,peoplepreferredSangoiforLacunatobetheirleaderafterKingKutula'sdeath. Thegovernmentplanstoevacuatepeoplefrom thevalleyandSangoihopes thatLacuna would change his mind overtheevacuation before Kutula's much publicized commemorationceremony. Tamina is against Lulu's attendance of the king Kutulacommemorationceremony,despiteherkeyroleasaleaddancerintheschool'sdancetroupeinvitedbyLacunahimself. ItisonlythroughSangoi'sinterventionthatTaminapermitsLulutoattendwhatshecalls"apaganritual" pg.43 onconditionthat Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.18shewouldrunbackhomeafterthefestival. SangoipromisestowatchoverLuluandevenpayherschoolfeesbalance. Meloreturnshomedrunk. Hesaysheruleshisfamilywithloveand not machines and police guards like Lacuna. JudahcelebrateshisfamilyandreferstoTaminaasbeautyqueen...sobeautiful..."andLuluas"Girl,you'reablackqueenand...ori...hic...ginal!". Pg.48 andchallengesLulutoworkhardandachieveherdreamsofbecomingadoctorandthenhegoestobed. Luluistotallyuninspiredbyherparents'marriage. Shesays,"Ifthisiswhatitmeanstobeaparent,Iwon'tfollowtheirfootstepstobecrownedqueenofrags". Pg.51 .Tasksl. Outlinethecounter-productivityofChipande'sdamproject.2.WhyisTaminastillbitterwithBengo?3.InwhatwaysisBengo"...athorninLacuna'spoliticalside"?4.State the challenges thatparents like Tamina with school-goingchildrenmustundergo.5.How does Judah Zen Melo's absence contribute to Tamina'schallenges? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.196."Idon'twantthislife!Idon't!Idon't!". Pg.31 .WhatexactlydoesLulumeanbythisstatement?7.DescribehowZenMelogetshisjobasamachineoperator.8.WhatcharacterofLuludemonstratesherunderstandingofhergoalsinlife?9.Givethreeillustrationsofincidencesofdisillusionmentinthisepisode. Commentary Itisironicalthatmuchasthenativesexpectedbetterlivesafterindependence,theworstishappeningtothem inform ofneocolonialism. Lacunaismoregreedy,corruptanddictatorialthanhispredecessors. Thenativesarebitter. Tamina'sbitternessisbornofthemiseriesshehasbeenthrough,broughtbyKutula'spoorleadershipmarredbygreedanddictatorship. SheisbitterwithBengowhoseroleasanactivistplungedherfamilyinmisery. Herhusbandisexiled,hersonsareawayinsearchofjobsandherdaughterisinandoutofschoolduetolackofschoolfees. Thenativesarelivinginfear. Thereisfearofbeingassassinatedincaseonefallsoutwiththeleader. BengoisnearlykilledforfightingLacuna'sleadership. JudahZenMelogoesintoself-exile Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.20forfearofbeingkilledoutofdisobeyingLacuna. Taminasays,"YoumustsitontherightsideofLeaderLacuna...ifyouaretolive.". Pg.21 SangoitakesuptheappointmentasaministerforfearofbeingkilledbyLacuna. Lacuna thrives on nepotism. He rewards sycophants andclansmenleavingmostqualifiedcitizensunemployed. Thosethatareemployedarepoorlypaidandovertaxed. Zensays,"...itpaystoknowtheleader'stribesmen" pg.34 . Inaflashback,TaminarevealstothereaderreasonsbehindBengo'simprisonmentandJudah'sexile. ItturnsoutthatKutularequiresJudahtokillhisbrother,BengoforbeingathorninLacuna'spoliticalside. WhenJudahZenMelodisobeys,heisalmostkilledashismangledbodyisfounddampedoutsidetheirhouseandDr. Jonathansaveshim. LaterBengoisimprisoned. TaminareferstoLacunaandhiscroniesasanoctopusthatimpliesthestrongpowerandtheabilitytostretchout,toreachandcontrolanyoneandanythingtheywishtoget. PovertyanddespondencyareportrayedintheMovement. Taminastilllivesinheroldgrass-thatchedhut. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.21 Shewakesupbeforecock-crow topickcoffeebeansfarfromhome. Shehastowalkfifteenkilometerstofetchwaterfrom BukelengeMountains. HasonlytwoacresoflandleftafterChipandebuysherlandforpeanutstostarthismonopolyofgrowingcoffee. Luluissenthomeforschoolfeesbalanceoftwothousandshillings. Taminahasnomoney. Theleadershavetoldthepeoplethatthereare"nofreethings"andtheyshould tightenyourbelts.". Pg.27 . Misrule and greed are seen through the leaders. Lacunademandsunyieldingloyaltyfromhissubjects. Hewantshisspokesman,JudahZenMelo,tokillhisownbrother,Bengo,whoistheleader'sthornintheflesh. JudahisalmostkilledfordisobeyingLacuna. Bengoisjailedformanyyears. LacunaispreoccupiedwithhelpinghisclansmenandhaslittleregardforKutulacitizens. Childrenaresentawayforschoolfeesfortheschooltoerecta Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.22perimeterfence,constructacomputerlaboratoryandpayfortheteachers'extraworkwhenresidentslackwaterandbasicneeds. JudahMeloisvirtuousandamanofintegrity. Herefusestokillhisbrother,Bengoeventhough'thegestureswon'tbeinvain' pg.23 .ThusLacunapromisestorewardhim ifhekillsthebrotherbutZenrefusestoobey. Heisaschemerforthesakeofsurvival. Hedoesn'tcallhisfamilyafterhisself-exilebutinsteadinvestsinbribingMithambowithdrinkstohirehim asamachineoperatorandhegetsit,getsadoublepayandcanaffordtoprovideforhisfamily. Judahisanescapist. He,"deliberatelyshutshisinnerearfromhearing" pg.33 thewife'spain. Hefailstocallorwritetotellhisfamilyabouthiswhereabout. Hedoesn'twanttokillwhatisleftintheirsinkinghearts. Bengoispatriotic. Hefightsthegovernment'sdictatorialrulethatoppressesthecitizens. Heisjailedforyearsandnowthatheisback,hevowsto"takeupthefightwhereIleftoff.". Pg.22 .Heisoptimisticinthatafterbeingjailedforyears,hereturnsreadytocontinuethefighthopingtoliberatethepeople. Bengoisrealisticbecauseheadmitstohavingbroughttroubletohisfamilyalbeitwiththerightmotives. HegivesTaminasome Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.23money. HeisbraveenoughtoopposeaLacunagovernmentandisalmostkilledforthesame. Taminaisresilient. Shestickstoherfamilyandfendsforherchildrendespitethedisappearanceofherhusbandan. Dlossofproperty. Sheworksfrom beforecock-crowtolateevening. Shefetcheswater15kilometersaway. Sheisassertive. SheoutrightlytellsBengooffforhisroleinscatteringherfamily. ShecriticizesKingKutula'scommemorationceremonyandthe"invitationofherdaughtertotheceremonythatshetermsasa paganfestival.". Pg.42 . Lacunaisdictatorial. Herulesbyanironfist. HedemandsthatJudahkillshisbrotherBengo,"rubmypainingsidewiththeredbalm ofloyalty" pg.23 .Heismurderous. HeordersthekillingofBengotwiceandfortunatelyforthelatter,hecheatsdeath. Beingapoormanager,heinauguratesthedam leadingtothedryingofstreamsandbrooks. Chipande'sgreedisevidentthroughhisrequesttoLacunatogivehim thesolemandatetoplantcoffee. Healsobuyslandfrompeople atvery low prices and he is largely selfish as hemisadvisesthegovernmentforhisselfishgains. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.24MovementTwoSceneOneSummaryKutula'sCommemorationCeremony ThesceneissetatKutulaPeoples'Park. ThestageissetforthecelebrationofaNationalCommemorationDayandalltheleaders,delegates,bosom friendsofKutulaRepublicandothercitizensaregatheredatthepark. MissGerima,theteacherishelpingthedancerswiththefinaltouchesofrehearsalsbeforetheritualbegins. Lacuna steps forward to the royalgrave to perform thecommemorationritual. ApitcherwithwaterishandedtoLuluwhowashesLacuna'shands. LacunathenpourswateratthefootofthegraveandthenLuluputsthecrownonhishead,giveshimthemandatetoleadanddeclaresthedaytobeanationalrestday. MelissacommentsthatthecrowndoesnotfitLacuna'sheadandSangoiisquicktosayit'stimeLacunaputthecrownasideashedoesn'tfitthemandate. Aftertheceremony,LacunainvitesSangoiandtheschool Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.25childrentoabanquetinhispalace. HeistodiscusswithSangoimattersofevacuationofthepeople,topavewayfortheirrigationproject,althoughheisawarethatsheisagainsttheproposal. LacunathenleadshisguestsinthebanquetandistolatershareamealwithLuluathisprivatechambersasrequiredbythecustom. Tasksl .


Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.2ADEFINITIVEGUIDETOINHERITANCETheAuthor DavidKakutaMulwawasbornon9thApril1945intheplainsofMukaainMakueniCounty. Hiswritingwasinfluencedbyhisfather,PastorJohnMulwa,andhisteachersfrom primaryschooltotheuniversity. David Mulwa wentto Machakos Boys High School,then toAllianceHighSchoolforhisA-levels. HejoinedtheUniversityofNairobiwhere he studied Literature instructed byTaban LoLiyong'andOkotP 'Bitek. HeproceededtotheUniversityofCaliforniainLosAngelesunderascholarshipwherehestudiedMastersinArts. Mulwahasalsowrittenotherbooksincluding'Redemption' 1989 ,'MasterandServant' 1979 ,'WeComeinPeace','GlassHouses,' Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.3amongothersbooks. Davidiscurrentlyawriter,lecturer,actorandthedirectorofKenyaPerformingArtsinNairobi. TheSetting ThestoryissetincolonialAfricaintheKutulacolonyundertheBritishrule. Thecolonialmasterslivelavishlyattheexpenseofthepoornativeswhoserveastheirslaves. ThetraditionalrulerofthenativesisKingKutulaXV.ThekingisbentonoverthrowingtheBritishleadershipbyallmeans. Heleadshispeopleinanationaluprisingagainstthewhitesettlersandoutrightlytellsthewhitegovernorthat"...yourpeoplewillcontinuetodie. Everyoneofthem ...GovernorMacayandnoone'llhelpyou...Ihavespoken.". Pg13 . AftertheexitoftheBritish,KutulabecomesarepublicundertheleadershipofLacunaKasooafterthedeathofhis Lacuna's father,KingKutulaXV. LacunaKasoo'sleadershipturnsouttobeworsethantheleadershipof the colonialmasters. It is marred with greed,corruption,incompetenceandassassinations. Hisdictatorialregimetriggersapeacefulcivilrevolutionthatsuccessfullyoverthrowshisleadership. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.4TheTitle Theplay'Inheritance'revolvesaroundaconflictbetweentheAfricannatives and the white settlers overthe inheritance ofland,itsresourcesandleadership. TheBritishinvasioninAfricanismotivatedbythedesiretotapresourcesfrom Africathroughtheircolonialruleundertheguiseofbringingcivilizationinform ofeducation,infrastructure,andhospitalstothe"primitive"Africans. Oncesettled,thecolonialmastersgraduallygrabbedvastareasoflandfrom thenativesforagriculture,miningandsettlementtherebydisplacingandenslavingthenatives. TheBritishEmpiredependedonAfricaforsurvival,hencethedesiretoruleandcontrolAfricawiththeirresources. Thenatives,throughtheirKingKutula,realizetheurgentneedtoinheritwhatthewhitesettlershaverobbedthem. Wewanttobuildandrunourhomeinourownway. Thislandisourmother. Wewantourchildrentoliveandshareequallywhatshegivesus...allthatyoutakefrom her.". P.12 .A countrywideuprising beginsand theWhiteman'sruleends. KingKutulaXVinheritstheleadershipfromtheBritishmasters. KingKutula'sleadershipislaterinheritedbyhisson,LacunaKasoo. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.5Lacunaismanipulatedanddeceivedbytheimperialiststokillhisownfather. GoldsteinisawareofLacuna'sinsatiablegreed. Hepromisestogroom LacunatoleadershipaslongasKingKutulaisoutoftheway. HisintentionistogetLacuna,whoiseasytocontrol,Prologue TheprologueopensinGovernorThorneMacay'smansion,whichisdescribedaslavishandonethatrentstheairofpowerandauthority. The Governoris seemingly angry atthe natives'ineptitude andincompetenceandfeelsdisempoweredbytheabolitionofthewhipasthenativeshavenowdownedtheirtools. TheGovernor'sattendanthaskeptBishopMenninger, brainoftheempire PrincessSangoi,andKingKutula,whohavecometoseethegovernor,waitingforanhourbecausethelatterisonatea-break,andwhenaskedwhyhekeepstheguestsforthatlongreplies,.yourordersis:Donotdisturbhisexcellenttea-timeandmeditetioninghour..." p.3-4 . Thenativeshaveriotedagainstthewhitesettlers,destroyedtheirproperty,molestedthewomenandchildrenandhavebreachedtheagreementandtrustmadeearlier asituationthatcouldleadtoalongbloodywar...!". P.8 . Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.6 BishopMenningerhasdocumentedadvicefortheGovernor. Hepointsoutinthedocumentthatnativeswouldneverchangefrom theirconfused simple nature and thatthey would neverbe like thesophisticatedandcivilizedwhitesbutwouldonlyremainascopycats. Healsopointsouttothegovernorthattheimperialistswouldhavetocontinuetoruleandlaybasicrulesforthenativessinceleftontheirown;theywouldoffernothingofsignificance. KingKutula'sentrytothegovernor'smansionisusheredinbyanattendantwhoregardshimwithaweandreverence. Headdressesthekingas"Thesonoftheking from thestarsandtheheaven, pg6 GovernorThorneMacayhasneverunderstoodthe'infernalallegiance thatnativeshavetheirleadersbutMenningerisborn from theirinabilitytoreasonandthink. Heseesthem ascommonanimalswaybelowthewhiteswhomhetermsasdemocraticandcivilized. Governor thorne has summoned the king to register hisdisappointmentaboutkingKutula ssilenceontheescalatingviolenceinhiskingdom resultingfrom thenationwideupraisingbythenativesagainstthewhiteleaders. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.7 King Kutula dismisses Thorne s concerns by quoting an AfricanproverbtomocktheGovernor. Hesays Thechameleontoldthehare:makeyourstepImakemine;itisgoodcompany friend. Pg8 ThorneisoffendedandthreatenstoimprisonthekingforlifebeforeMenningerremindshim thatheistalkingtotheking. HeasksThorneto askdirectquestionsand avoid thelong winged proverbsandproverbialdrivelswhenthekingbeginstobombardthegovernorwithmanymoreproverbsandsayings. ThorneisthenshockedwhenKutulaadmitshisknowledgeofthecountrywideuprising and hissupportoftheviolenceagainstthegovernor speopledespitetheirgoodwilltobringcivilizationtothenatives. Hesays, Icannotshutthevoicesofmyfather pg10 ThegovernorisshockedbythesuddenchangeofattitudewhenKutulabluntlytellshimthat wedonotwantyouhere! Pg10 Kutularegretswhyhisfathersassentedtotheimperialistdraftedagreementthathadallowedthecolonialisttosubjecthispeopleto Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.8devastatingeffectsoftheiroppressiverulesandexcessivezeal. Kutulathreatensthegovernorthathispeoplewillcontinuetodieifhewon tletthenativesbuildandruntheirhome. He,however,hasnoobjectiontothewhitemanteachingthenativeshiswasbutwithmoderation. Sangoijoinstheleaderandexpressesherwillingnesstogoabroadandpursuethewhiteman'seducation. GovernorThorne'sfearoverKingKutula'seffortstogroomhisadopteddaughteristhatshewillbeanempoweredmatriarchandalionesstocontendwithinthefuture. MenningerisquicktoconsoleThornethatSangoi'seducationwouldonlyconfuseher. TheBishop'splanistounleashSangoiagainsthersimplefolkuponthecompletionofhereducationfortheirbenefit. Tasks1.WhatdoesThornemeanbythestatement,"Africasupports,naymaintains,theempire" pg.4 ? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.92."Make hera slave...again...Revisithistory,Menninger...revisit..." pg.5 . What is your understanding of thisstatement?3.Inwhatwaysdothenativesexhibit'infernalallegiance'totheirleaders?4.Identifytheproverbsintheprologueandtheirrelevance.5.Menningeradmitstouseof"excessivezeal. "Howhavethenativesreactedtoit?6."Thekingisdangerous. LiketheQueenbee..."Demonstratethetruthofthisstatement.7.Commentontheconflictthatarisesintheprologue.8.WhatdoesThornemeanwhenhesays"TurmoilinAfricameansagreatlosstotheempire" pg.4 ? 9.Outline the reasons King Kutula gives forwanting theimperialiststoleaveKutula.10.Pointoutatinstances in the prologue thatrevealThorneMacay'sattitudetowardsthenatives.11.Whatistheprologueallabout? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.10Commentary TheprologuecaptureslifeinKutuladuringthecolonialeraundertheauthoritarianandoppressiveleadershipofthecolonialists. MulwaportraysthecolonyofKutulaasoneundertheharshruleofGovernorThornewhoisapparentlyangrywiththecolonialofficethathasabolishedwhippingthenatives. HeisdispleasedwiththecolonialofficerinLondonforhisadvocacyonsimulatedhumanitarianism fordeclaringthewhipasobsolete. Hesays,"ThefooldrinkingcoffeeinLondonwhileImollycoddlenatives.theydowntheirtoolsandnothinggetsdone.". Page3 TheGovernormistreatsandabusesthenativeblackservantandcallstheattendant,a"ditheryidiot"andregardshim asimpudentandthencompareshim tocommonanimals. Hisleadershipisexcessivelyzealousandhumiliating. A conflicthasensued between theAfricansand theirwhitemastersoverland,leadershipandresources. TheWhitemanhasbeenrobbingtheAfricansoftheirvaluablesandexportingthem Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.11tohismotherland. KingKutulaXVtakesdispleasureintheapparentinheritanceandinsiststhatnativesmustsharewhatcomesfrom theirland. Itisclearthatincaseofarevolution,theBritishEmpirestandstolosein the eventthatthe natives take overgovernance. This isbecause"Africasupportstheempire..." p.4 . Interracialconflictandrevolutionisdemonstratedbythereprisalandescalatingviolencebetweenthenativesandwhitesettlers. ThenativesdestroytheWhite'spropertyandmolesttheirchildrenandwomen. Theauthorbringsouttheconflictofattitudewherethewhitesettlersconsider themselvescivilized, democraticandmodernized. Theyalsoclaim tohavebroughtchangethrougheducation,hospitals,roads,churches,employment to theprimitive,ignorantandungratefulnatives. However,Kutulainsiststhatjustasabeetlecarriesitshouseonits back whetherstinking ornot,the natives willgovernthemselvesdespitetheirignoranceandinability. Pg11 Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.12 Ironyisemployedintheprologue. GovernorThorneregardsthenatives'customsasprimitive. Menningerseesthem aslackingoriginalityandcommonreasonyettheycanhardlycomprehendthewisdominthe'longwindedproverbs'ofthenatives. Theyalsodependonthenatives'republictosustaintheirempire. ItisironicalthattheBritishclaim tohavebroughtcivilizationtothenativesthroughschoolsyettheirmainmotiveistorobthesamenativesoftheirvaluables. TheyfearKingKutulaandregardhimas"aningenious rascal" p.15 .andadangerousman. 'Thiskingisdangerouslikethequeenbee,hesanctionsthestingandthetoilingworkersindiscriminatelydescenduponourpeople TheuseofproverbsisastylethatportraysKingKutula asassertive,independentmindedandingeniousdespitethewhiteman'scontrolandmanipulation. Heisalsocalm andcollected. Theauthortreatsthereadertodetaileddescriptionaboutthecharactersandsetting. Menningeris"...middleaged,powerfullybuiltman ...An airofkeen intelligence and extreme selfimportanceabouthim... page4 .KingKutulaisdescribedasatall,leanandathleticmaninhislatefiftiesamostself-assuredrulerwithanunnervingprese. Nce. P.7 . GovernorThorneisportrayedasanabusiveleader. Heinsultsthe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.13attendantasa'ditheringidiot'impliesthatheisimprudent,referstothecolonialofficeroverseesas'Thefool'. Heisalsoshorttempered;hehandlestheattendantroughlyandisimpatientwithhim, don tgecko-gawkatme!"HeaddressesKingKutulawi01insultsthus"Damnall,KingKutula". Page8 . Thegovernorisoppressive,authoritarianandselfish. Hefeelsdisadvantagedafterthewhipisabolishedbecauseheusesitforhisownconvenience. HeisdishonestandpretendstosupportSangoi'seducationyethewantstouseitagainstthenativesandbenefitfromdividingthemasadvisedbyBishopMenninger. KingKutulaXVisfirm andassertive. HetellsThornethatheissilentabouttheuprisingandthat"yourpeoplewillcontinuetodie.". Pg.13 .Hewillnotbow toimperialism. TheKingiswise. Hequotesmanyproverbsandnarrativesappropriatelytopassimportantmessages. King Kutula is calm and collected,and responds with admirablecalmnesstoGovernorThorne'soutburstsofanger. Heisaconfidentmanwhoisunafraidofthewhiteman'sthreats. "DoyouknowIcanclapyouinforlife?"Heresponds,'.eldersdon'tbandyinsults.". P.8 Menningerissanctimoniousdespitebeingamanofthecloth. Hepropagatesoppression,imperialism,deceitandopportunism totheimperialmajestythrough hisadvice and counsel. He completely Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.14disregardsthevirtuousandgoodnewsmessagethathisreligionpreaches. Heseesnativesasrabbleswithoutunderstandingandcivilization. HeintendstomisguideSangoisothattheWesterneducationmakeshera"...goddessofconfusionandusehertomanipulatethenatives..." p.15 . AttendantIlisextremelyloyaltotheKing. Heispatientandforebearing and isableto workunderThorne. Sangoiisambitious,obedient,trustingandloyalSheobeysandtrustsherfatherwithwhomshespendsalotoftimewith. MovementOneSummaryLeadershipInheritance Kutula,thirtyyearslater,isanindependentRepublicundertheleadershipofLacunaKasooyetthestandardsoflivingarepoor. TaminaZenMeloisemaciatedandolderthanheragewithnoproperhousingandfood. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.15 Bengo,apoliticalactivistwhohasjustarrivedfrom jailinthecapital,istreatedtoacoldwelcomebyTaminawhostillholdstoage-oldbitterness. TaminaexplainstoBengothatthewatertheyusedtogetfromthenearbyspringsandbrookshasbeendivertedbyCouncilorChipandeto BukelengeMountainsfifteenkilometersawaytomakeadam despiteReverendSangoi'sprotests. Infact,aninaugurationforthedamisdoneandreceivesmuchpraise. ThenativeshavebeendeniedlicensestogrowcoffeeandtheirlandstakenbyChipandeaftertheWhitemanleftmakingthemslavesintheirownfarms. Taminasays"Mycoffeefarm inBukelengeMountains?Allgone. Now ImustpickcoffeeforChipandeonthefarmthathehadmeselltohimforpeanuts.". P.24 . Tamina is bitterwith Bengo because ofhis indulgence inoppositionpoliticsthatledtotheneardeathofherhusband,JudahZenMelo,whowasLacuna'sspokespersonandpartyman,afterhisrefusaltokillhisbrotherwhowas"Lacuna'sthorninhispoliticalside.". P.23 . ThisearnsJudahunemploymentandheisexiled. Taminalosteverythingincludingthegoodlifesheoncelived. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.16 Bengo,whoispopularandwouldhavewontheelectionswithalandslide,istakentojailtopavewayforChipande,Lacuna'scrony. Luluarriveshomefrom schoolearlierthanusualtocollectthetwothousandshillingfeesbalancefortheconstructionofaperimeterfenceandthecomputerlaboratorydespitepayingonethousandthepreviousday. Taminacomplainsofherlackofbasicslikefoodandwaterandwondersaboutthe essenceofeducation. Lulu isbitterandsomewhatinsolentanddisrespectfultohermother. Luluisfrustratedbyhermother'shelplessnessandpovertyandthreatensher,"lwillusemybeautythen!Imustcompleteschoolandbesomebody...inanyway pg31 UnlikehermotherLuluwantstobefreefrompovertyandoppression. JudaharrivesfromthetownofPatolaandiswarmlywelcomedbyhiswife. Hesaysjobswerenotforthcomingandthepaywaslow. Besides,youneededyourowntribesmantogetajob. Hesacrificeshismoralsforemploymentbecause,religiondoesn'tsitwellonanemptystomach..." p.36 .HethereforebeginsdrinkingandbribesMithambowithbeertogetajobasaMachineOperator. Heworksforlonghoursandcompetitionis Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.17stiff. Meanwhile,theirsonsarealsointownslookingforjobs. BeforeJudahcanrest,heleavesto"sayhellotothecrowdandescortthe sunset" pg.38 butleaves Tamina eighthundredshillingsbesidestheassortmentofgroceriesthathehasbroughthome. Luluisbackandapologeticfordisrespectinghermother. Shelearnsofherfather'sreturnwithexcitement. Sangoihas been appointed a ministerin the Ministry ofReclamation and Remedies byLacuna againstherwill. SheacceptsthepostforfearthatLacunamightassassinatehernowthatduringhiscoronation,peoplepreferredSangoiforLacunatobetheirleaderafterKingKutula'sdeath. Thegovernmentplanstoevacuatepeoplefrom thevalleyandSangoihopes thatLacuna would change his mind overtheevacuation before Kutula's much publicized commemorationceremony. Tamina is against Lulu's attendance of the king Kutulacommemorationceremony,despiteherkeyroleasaleaddancerintheschool'sdancetroupeinvitedbyLacunahimself. ItisonlythroughSangoi'sinterventionthatTaminapermitsLulutoattendwhatshecalls"apaganritual" pg.43 onconditionthat Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.18shewouldrunbackhomeafterthefestival. SangoipromisestowatchoverLuluandevenpayherschoolfeesbalance. Meloreturnshomedrunk. Hesaysheruleshisfamilywithloveand not machines and police guards like Lacuna. JudahcelebrateshisfamilyandreferstoTaminaasbeautyqueen...sobeautiful..."andLuluas"Girl,you'reablackqueenand...ori...hic...ginal!". Pg.48 andchallengesLulutoworkhardandachieveherdreamsofbecomingadoctorandthenhegoestobed. Luluistotallyuninspiredbyherparents'marriage. Shesays,"Ifthisiswhatitmeanstobeaparent,Iwon'tfollowtheirfootstepstobecrownedqueenofrags". Pg.51 .Tasksl. Outlinethecounter-productivityofChipande'sdamproject.2.WhyisTaminastillbitterwithBengo?3.InwhatwaysisBengo"...athorninLacuna'spoliticalside"?4.State the challenges thatparents like Tamina with school-goingchildrenmustundergo.5.How does Judah Zen Melo's absence contribute to Tamina'schallenges? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.196."Idon'twantthislife!Idon't!Idon't!". Pg.31 .WhatexactlydoesLulumeanbythisstatement?7.DescribehowZenMelogetshisjobasamachineoperator.8.WhatcharacterofLuludemonstratesherunderstandingofhergoalsinlife?9.Givethreeillustrationsofincidencesofdisillusionmentinthisepisode. Commentary Itisironicalthatmuchasthenativesexpectedbetterlivesafterindependence,theworstishappeningtothem inform ofneocolonialism. Lacunaismoregreedy,corruptanddictatorialthanhispredecessors. Thenativesarebitter. Tamina'sbitternessisbornofthemiseriesshehasbeenthrough,broughtbyKutula'spoorleadershipmarredbygreedanddictatorship. SheisbitterwithBengowhoseroleasanactivistplungedherfamilyinmisery. Herhusbandisexiled,hersonsareawayinsearchofjobsandherdaughterisinandoutofschoolduetolackofschoolfees. Thenativesarelivinginfear. Thereisfearofbeingassassinatedincaseonefallsoutwiththeleader. BengoisnearlykilledforfightingLacuna'sleadership. JudahZenMelogoesintoself-exile Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.20forfearofbeingkilledoutofdisobeyingLacuna. Taminasays,"YoumustsitontherightsideofLeaderLacuna...ifyouaretolive.". Pg.21 SangoitakesuptheappointmentasaministerforfearofbeingkilledbyLacuna. Lacuna thrives on nepotism. He rewards sycophants andclansmenleavingmostqualifiedcitizensunemployed. Thosethatareemployedarepoorlypaidandovertaxed. Zensays,"...itpaystoknowtheleader'stribesmen" pg.34 . Inaflashback,TaminarevealstothereaderreasonsbehindBengo'simprisonmentandJudah'sexile. ItturnsoutthatKutularequiresJudahtokillhisbrother,BengoforbeingathorninLacuna'spoliticalside. WhenJudahZenMelodisobeys,heisalmostkilledashismangledbodyisfounddampedoutsidetheirhouseandDr. Jonathansaveshim. LaterBengoisimprisoned. TaminareferstoLacunaandhiscroniesasanoctopusthatimpliesthestrongpowerandtheabilitytostretchout,toreachandcontrolanyoneandanythingtheywishtoget. PovertyanddespondencyareportrayedintheMovement. Taminastilllivesinheroldgrass-thatchedhut. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.21 Shewakesupbeforecock-crow topickcoffeebeansfarfromhome. Shehastowalkfifteenkilometerstofetchwaterfrom BukelengeMountains. HasonlytwoacresoflandleftafterChipandebuysherlandforpeanutstostarthismonopolyofgrowingcoffee. Luluissenthomeforschoolfeesbalanceoftwothousandshillings. Taminahasnomoney. Theleadershavetoldthepeoplethatthereare"nofreethings"andtheyshould tightenyourbelts.". Pg.27 . Misrule and greed are seen through the leaders. Lacunademandsunyieldingloyaltyfromhissubjects. Hewantshisspokesman,JudahZenMelo,tokillhisownbrother,Bengo,whoistheleader'sthornintheflesh. JudahisalmostkilledfordisobeyingLacuna. Bengoisjailedformanyyears. LacunaispreoccupiedwithhelpinghisclansmenandhaslittleregardforKutulacitizens. Childrenaresentawayforschoolfeesfortheschooltoerecta Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.22perimeterfence,constructacomputerlaboratoryandpayfortheteachers'extraworkwhenresidentslackwaterandbasicneeds. JudahMeloisvirtuousandamanofintegrity. Herefusestokillhisbrother,Bengoeventhough'thegestureswon'tbeinvain' pg.23 .ThusLacunapromisestorewardhim ifhekillsthebrotherbutZenrefusestoobey. Heisaschemerforthesakeofsurvival. Hedoesn'tcallhisfamilyafterhisself-exilebutinsteadinvestsinbribingMithambowithdrinkstohirehim asamachineoperatorandhegetsit,getsadoublepayandcanaffordtoprovideforhisfamily. Judahisanescapist. He,"deliberatelyshutshisinnerearfromhearing" pg.33 thewife'spain. Hefailstocallorwritetotellhisfamilyabouthiswhereabout. Hedoesn'twanttokillwhatisleftintheirsinkinghearts. Bengoispatriotic. Hefightsthegovernment'sdictatorialrulethatoppressesthecitizens. Heisjailedforyearsandnowthatheisback,hevowsto"takeupthefightwhereIleftoff.". Pg.22 .Heisoptimisticinthatafterbeingjailedforyears,hereturnsreadytocontinuethefighthopingtoliberatethepeople. Bengoisrealisticbecauseheadmitstohavingbroughttroubletohisfamilyalbeitwiththerightmotives. HegivesTaminasome Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.23money. HeisbraveenoughtoopposeaLacunagovernmentandisalmostkilledforthesame. Taminaisresilient. Shestickstoherfamilyandfendsforherchildrendespitethedisappearanceofherhusbandan. Dlossofproperty. Sheworksfrom beforecock-crowtolateevening. Shefetcheswater15kilometersaway. Sheisassertive. SheoutrightlytellsBengooffforhisroleinscatteringherfamily. ShecriticizesKingKutula'scommemorationceremonyandthe"invitationofherdaughtertotheceremonythatshetermsasa paganfestival.". Pg.42 . Lacunaisdictatorial. Herulesbyanironfist. HedemandsthatJudahkillshisbrotherBengo,"rubmypainingsidewiththeredbalm ofloyalty" pg.23 .Heismurderous. HeordersthekillingofBengotwiceandfortunatelyforthelatter,hecheatsdeath. Beingapoormanager,heinauguratesthedam leadingtothedryingofstreamsandbrooks. Chipande'sgreedisevidentthroughhisrequesttoLacunatogivehim thesolemandatetoplantcoffee. Healsobuyslandfrompeople atvery low prices and he is largely selfish as hemisadvisesthegovernmentforhisselfishgains. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.24MovementTwoSceneOneSummaryKutula'sCommemorationCeremony ThesceneissetatKutulaPeoples'Park. ThestageissetforthecelebrationofaNationalCommemorationDayandalltheleaders,delegates,bosom friendsofKutulaRepublicandothercitizensaregatheredatthepark. MissGerima,theteacherishelpingthedancerswiththefinaltouchesofrehearsalsbeforetheritualbegins. Lacuna steps forward to the royalgrave to perform thecommemorationritual. ApitcherwithwaterishandedtoLuluwhowashesLacuna'shands. LacunathenpourswateratthefootofthegraveandthenLuluputsthecrownonhishead,giveshimthemandatetoleadanddeclaresthedaytobeanationalrestday. MelissacommentsthatthecrowndoesnotfitLacuna'sheadandSangoiisquicktosayit'stimeLacunaputthecrownasideashedoesn'tfitthemandate. Aftertheceremony,LacunainvitesSangoiandtheschool Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.25childrentoabanquetinhispalace. HeistodiscusswithSangoimattersofevacuationofthepeople,topavewayfortheirrigationproject,althoughheisawarethatsheisagainsttheproposal. LacunathenleadshisguestsinthebanquetandistolatershareamealwithLuluathisprivatechambersasrequiredbythecustom. Tasksl . Describe the rituals performed during the commemorationchronologically.2.What does Lacuna mean by "customs must bow to nationalemergencies" pg.57 ? 3.Identifytheironyofthequoteinnumber2above.4.CommentonSangoi'ssaying,"Whenthedeadmurmurinaconscience,theguiltyhearinittheterrorofthunder,ourforefathersaidit" pg.56 .5.HowdoyouthinkthenationalrestthatLacunadeclaresimpactsontheeconomy?6.WhydoyouthinkSangoi,theeldersandthetwowhitemenfailtorespondtoMalipoa? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.267.Explainthesymbolism inLacuna'scrownthatdoesnotfitandislopsidedonhishead.8.WhoisGerimaandwhatisherroleinthecommemorationceremony?9.DescribeMelissa'sroleintheepisode. Commentary TheauthordemonstratesthesuperstitioustraditionalpracticesofcommemoratingthedepartedleadersinKutula. Thecurrentleaderisgiventhemandatetolead,bytheyouth,aftertheperformanceofaritual."... Ourancestorsdemandthatouryouthsgiveusmandatetoleadthemtotheirfuture..." p.53 . Melissa and Sangoi's criticism ofLacuna's crown indicates adisapprovalofleadershipandalackofrespectandsupportforhim."... Thecrowndoesnotfithim..." p.55 ."...Itislop-sidedonhishead..." Pg.55 . Melissa'sdisinterestintheritualisbasicallybecauseLacunahaschosen Lulu,a nineteen-year-old schoolgoing girl,as themessenger. Heissettogetintimatewithherintheprocess. Lacuna'saddresstothegraveofhisfatherisacaseofapostrophe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.27intheplay. Headdresseshislatefathertobringouttheimmediacyofthefestival. Traditionsdemandthatthedeadmustnotbeoffended.".. Lfourfatherswouldhaveussharethesameplatform..." p.55 .Thedispleasureofthedeadcanbeunbearabletotheliving. Lacunaisasticklerfortraditionandsuperstition. Heperformstheritualasrequiredbycustom. HereadilyagreestotheadviceandguidancethatheisgivenbyMalipoa,histraditionaladvisor. MelissaandSangoiarecriticalandobservant. Theyarekeentonoticethelop-sidedcrownonLacuna'shead,Theyimplythatheisnotfitforleadership. SceneTwoSummaryLacuna'sBusinessDealswiththeImperialists Thesettingshiftstotheleader'spalaceformally,Governor Macay'sresidencewhichhasnowbeenextensivelymodernized. ItisherethatLacuna,GoldsteinandRobert'smeetingtakesplace. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.28 ChipandewelcomesGoldsteinandRoberttothepalace. TheyarecatchinguponthejustendedcommemorationceremonybeforeLacunaarrives. Chipanderudelyhandlestheattendant. Hebragsabouthow hetreatsthem insummarystatementsinthenameofdemocracyanddevelopmentwhilefaultingKingKutulaforhavingtreatedeveryoneequally. Robertsarcasticallypointsathow Africanslovecelebrationsatthe expense ofserious issues like time managementandeconomy. Chipandecomesindefensesaying.thedrumsofprayerandthanksgivingareintendedtobringthedeadandthelivingtocommunion.". Pg.59 . Robert'scontemptforAfricansisevidentwhenhesaysthewhitesaresuperiorandthat"it'schokingme.doingbusinesswithimmoralragamumns..." pg.60 .HeaddsthatAfricanleadersborrowmoniesabroadinthenameofthenativesonlytoenrichthemselves-themoneyhasavailednothingtothepeople. Withreferencetotheextravagantandunnecessarybanquet,henotesthatmostdrinksandmealsservedareimported. ThecoffeeisgrownbythelocalsbutthenexportedtoLondonforprocessingthensoldbacktothem. Robertwonders,"Howcanwe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.29dobusinesswithpeoplelikethese?". Pg.61 . Goldstein'sperspectiveofbusinessistolend,makeprofitandenslavethenativesby"...puttingthenoose theWhitemanandpoisonedhisownfathertodeath. "Helovedme,butIkilledhim.". Pg.69 .However,hegoesaheadtojustifythemurder,"..myfatherlovedmebut Ilovedmypeoplemore...that'swhyhehadtodie.". Pg.69 . GoldsteinrecountswhattheyhavedoneforLacunaandthenatives" financed his inauguration....


Wewanttobuildandrunourhomeinourownway. Thislandisourmother. Wewantourchildrentoliveandshareequallywhatshegivesus...allthatyoutakefrom her.". P.12 .A countrywideuprising beginsand theWhiteman'sruleends. KingKutulaXVinheritstheleadershipfromtheBritishmasters. KingKutula'sleadershipislaterinheritedbyhisson,LacunaKasoo. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.5Lacunaismanipulatedanddeceivedbytheimperialiststokillhisownfather. GoldsteinisawareofLacuna'sinsatiablegreed. Hepromisestogroom LacunatoleadershipaslongasKingKutulaisoutoftheway. HisintentionistogetLacuna,whoiseasytocontrol,Prologue TheprologueopensinGovernorThorneMacay'smansion,whichisdescribedaslavishandonethatrentstheairofpowerandauthority. The Governoris seemingly angry atthe natives'ineptitude andincompetenceandfeelsdisempoweredbytheabolitionofthewhipasthenativeshavenowdownedtheirtools. TheGovernor'sattendanthaskeptBishopMenninger, brainoftheempire PrincessSangoi,andKingKutula,whohavecometoseethegovernor,waitingforanhourbecausethelatterisonatea-break,andwhenaskedwhyhekeepstheguestsforthatlongreplies,.yourordersis:Donotdisturbhisexcellenttea-timeandmeditetioninghour..." p.3-4 . Thenativeshaveriotedagainstthewhitesettlers,destroyedtheirproperty,molestedthewomenandchildrenandhavebreachedtheagreementandtrustmadeearlier asituationthatcouldleadtoalongbloodywar...!". P.8 . Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.6 BishopMenningerhasdocumentedadvicefortheGovernor. Hepointsoutinthedocumentthatnativeswouldneverchangefrom theirconfused simple nature and thatthey would neverbe like thesophisticatedandcivilizedwhitesbutwouldonlyremainascopycats. Healsopointsouttothegovernorthattheimperialistswouldhavetocontinuetoruleandlaybasicrulesforthenativessinceleftontheirown;theywouldoffernothingofsignificance. KingKutula'sentrytothegovernor'smansionisusheredinbyanattendantwhoregardshimwithaweandreverence. Headdressesthekingas"Thesonoftheking from thestarsandtheheaven, pg6 GovernorThorneMacayhasneverunderstoodthe'infernalallegiance thatnativeshavetheirleadersbutMenningerisborn from theirinabilitytoreasonandthink. Heseesthem ascommonanimalswaybelowthewhiteswhomhetermsasdemocraticandcivilized. Governor thorne has summoned the king to register hisdisappointmentaboutkingKutula ssilenceontheescalatingviolenceinhiskingdom resultingfrom thenationwideupraisingbythenativesagainstthewhiteleaders. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.7 King Kutula dismisses Thorne s concerns by quoting an AfricanproverbtomocktheGovernor. Hesays Thechameleontoldthehare:makeyourstepImakemine;itisgoodcompany friend. Pg8 ThorneisoffendedandthreatenstoimprisonthekingforlifebeforeMenningerremindshim thatheistalkingtotheking. HeasksThorneto askdirectquestionsand avoid thelong winged proverbsandproverbialdrivelswhenthekingbeginstobombardthegovernorwithmanymoreproverbsandsayings. ThorneisthenshockedwhenKutulaadmitshisknowledgeofthecountrywideuprising and hissupportoftheviolenceagainstthegovernor speopledespitetheirgoodwilltobringcivilizationtothenatives. Hesays, Icannotshutthevoicesofmyfather pg10 ThegovernorisshockedbythesuddenchangeofattitudewhenKutulabluntlytellshimthat wedonotwantyouhere! Pg10 Kutularegretswhyhisfathersassentedtotheimperialistdraftedagreementthathadallowedthecolonialisttosubjecthispeopleto Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.8devastatingeffectsoftheiroppressiverulesandexcessivezeal. Kutulathreatensthegovernorthathispeoplewillcontinuetodieifhewon tletthenativesbuildandruntheirhome. He,however,hasnoobjectiontothewhitemanteachingthenativeshiswasbutwithmoderation. Sangoijoinstheleaderandexpressesherwillingnesstogoabroadandpursuethewhiteman'seducation. GovernorThorne'sfearoverKingKutula'seffortstogroomhisadopteddaughteristhatshewillbeanempoweredmatriarchandalionesstocontendwithinthefuture. MenningerisquicktoconsoleThornethatSangoi'seducationwouldonlyconfuseher. TheBishop'splanistounleashSangoiagainsthersimplefolkuponthecompletionofhereducationfortheirbenefit. Tasks1.WhatdoesThornemeanbythestatement,"Africasupports,naymaintains,theempire" pg.4 ? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.92."Make hera slave...again...Revisithistory,Menninger...revisit..." pg.5 . What is your understanding of thisstatement?3.Inwhatwaysdothenativesexhibit'infernalallegiance'totheirleaders?4.Identifytheproverbsintheprologueandtheirrelevance.5.Menningeradmitstouseof"excessivezeal. "Howhavethenativesreactedtoit?6."Thekingisdangerous. LiketheQueenbee..."Demonstratethetruthofthisstatement.7.Commentontheconflictthatarisesintheprologue.8.WhatdoesThornemeanwhenhesays"TurmoilinAfricameansagreatlosstotheempire" pg.4 ? 9.Outline the reasons King Kutula gives forwanting theimperialiststoleaveKutula.10.Pointoutatinstances in the prologue thatrevealThorneMacay'sattitudetowardsthenatives.11.Whatistheprologueallabout? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.10Commentary TheprologuecaptureslifeinKutuladuringthecolonialeraundertheauthoritarianandoppressiveleadershipofthecolonialists. MulwaportraysthecolonyofKutulaasoneundertheharshruleofGovernorThornewhoisapparentlyangrywiththecolonialofficethathasabolishedwhippingthenatives. HeisdispleasedwiththecolonialofficerinLondonforhisadvocacyonsimulatedhumanitarianism fordeclaringthewhipasobsolete. Hesays,"ThefooldrinkingcoffeeinLondonwhileImollycoddlenatives.theydowntheirtoolsandnothinggetsdone.". Page3 TheGovernormistreatsandabusesthenativeblackservantandcallstheattendant,a"ditheryidiot"andregardshim asimpudentandthencompareshim tocommonanimals. Hisleadershipisexcessivelyzealousandhumiliating. A conflicthasensued between theAfricansand theirwhitemastersoverland,leadershipandresources. TheWhitemanhasbeenrobbingtheAfricansoftheirvaluablesandexportingthem Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.11tohismotherland. KingKutulaXVtakesdispleasureintheapparentinheritanceandinsiststhatnativesmustsharewhatcomesfrom theirland. Itisclearthatincaseofarevolution,theBritishEmpirestandstolosein the eventthatthe natives take overgovernance. This isbecause"Africasupportstheempire..." p.4 . Interracialconflictandrevolutionisdemonstratedbythereprisalandescalatingviolencebetweenthenativesandwhitesettlers. ThenativesdestroytheWhite'spropertyandmolesttheirchildrenandwomen. Theauthorbringsouttheconflictofattitudewherethewhitesettlersconsider themselvescivilized, democraticandmodernized. Theyalsoclaim tohavebroughtchangethrougheducation,hospitals,roads,churches,employment to theprimitive,ignorantandungratefulnatives. However,Kutulainsiststhatjustasabeetlecarriesitshouseonits back whetherstinking ornot,the natives willgovernthemselvesdespitetheirignoranceandinability. Pg11 Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.12 Ironyisemployedintheprologue. GovernorThorneregardsthenatives'customsasprimitive. Menningerseesthem aslackingoriginalityandcommonreasonyettheycanhardlycomprehendthewisdominthe'longwindedproverbs'ofthenatives. Theyalsodependonthenatives'republictosustaintheirempire. ItisironicalthattheBritishclaim tohavebroughtcivilizationtothenativesthroughschoolsyettheirmainmotiveistorobthesamenativesoftheirvaluables. TheyfearKingKutulaandregardhimas"aningenious rascal" p.15 .andadangerousman. 'Thiskingisdangerouslikethequeenbee,hesanctionsthestingandthetoilingworkersindiscriminatelydescenduponourpeople TheuseofproverbsisastylethatportraysKingKutula asassertive,independentmindedandingeniousdespitethewhiteman'scontrolandmanipulation. Heisalsocalm andcollected. Theauthortreatsthereadertodetaileddescriptionaboutthecharactersandsetting. Menningeris"...middleaged,powerfullybuiltman ...An airofkeen intelligence and extreme selfimportanceabouthim... page4 .KingKutulaisdescribedasatall,leanandathleticmaninhislatefiftiesamostself-assuredrulerwithanunnervingpresence. P.7 . GovernorThorneisportrayedasanabusiveleader. Heinsultsthe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.13attendantasa'ditheringidiot'impliesthatheisimprudent,referstothecolonialofficeroverseesas'Thefool'. Heisalsoshorttempered;hehandlestheattendantroughlyandisimpatientwithhim, don tgecko-gawkatme!"HeaddressesKingKutulawi01insultsthus"Damnall,KingKutula". Page8 . Thegovernorisoppressive,authoritarianandselfish. Hefeelsdisadvantagedafterthewhipisabolishedbecauseheusesitforhisownconvenience. HeisdishonestandpretendstosupportSangoi'seducationyethewantstouseitagainstthenativesandbenefitfromdividingthemasadvisedbyBishopMenninger. KingKutulaXVisfirm andassertive. HetellsThornethatheissilentabouttheuprisingandthat"yourpeoplewillcontinuetodie.". Pg.13 .Hewillnotbow toimperialism. TheKingiswise. Hequotesmanyproverbsandnarrativesappropriatelytopassimportantmessages. King Kutula is calm and collected,and responds with admirablecalmnesstoGovernorThorne'soutburstsofanger. Heisaconfidentmanwhoisunafraidofthewhiteman'sthreats. "DoyouknowIcanclapyouinforlife?"Heresponds,'.eldersdon'tbandyinsults.". P.8 Menningerissanctimoniousdespitebeingamanofthecloth. Hepropagatesoppression,imperialism,deceitandopportunism totheimperialmajestythrough hisadvice and counsel. He completely Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.14disregardsthevirtuousandgoodnewsmessagethathisreligionpreaches. Heseesnativesasrabbleswithoutunderstandingandcivilization. HeintendstomisguideSangoisothattheWesterneducationmakeshera"...goddessofconfusionandusehertomanipulatethenatives..." p.15 . AttendantIlisextremelyloyaltotheKing. Heispatientandforebearing and isableto workunderThorne. Sangoiisambitious,obedient,trustingandloyalSheobeysandtrustsherfatherwithwhomshespendsalotoftimewith. MovementOneSummaryLeadershipInheritance Kutula,thirtyyearslater,isanindependentRepublicundertheleadershipofLacunaKasooyetthestandardsoflivingarepoor. TaminaZenMeloisemaciatedandolderthanheragewithnoproperhousingandfood. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.15 Bengo,apoliticalactivistwhohasjustarrivedfrom jailinthecapital,istreatedtoacoldwelcomebyTaminawhostillholdstoage-oldbitterness. TaminaexplainstoBengothatthewatertheyusedtogetfromthenearbyspringsandbrookshasbeendivertedbyCouncilorChipandeto BukelengeMountainsfifteenkilometersawaytomakeadam despiteReverendSangoi'sprotests. Infact,aninaugurationforthedamisd. Oneandreceivesmuchpraise. ThenativeshavebeendeniedlicensestogrowcoffeeandtheirlandstakenbyChipandeaftertheWhitemanleftmakingthemslavesintheirownfarms. Taminasays"Mycoffeefarm inBukelengeMountains?Allgone. Now ImustpickcoffeeforChipandeonthefarmthathehadmeselltohimforpeanuts.". P.24 . Tamina is bitterwith Bengo because ofhis indulgence inoppositionpoliticsthatledtotheneardeathofherhusband,JudahZenMelo,whowasLacuna'sspokespersonandpartyman,afterhisrefusaltokillhisbrotherwhowas"Lacuna'sthorninhispoliticalside.". P.23 . ThisearnsJudahunemploymentandheisexiled. Taminalosteverythingincludingthegoodlifesheoncelived. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.16 Bengo,whoispopularandwouldhavewontheelectionswithalandslide,istakentojailtopavewayforChipande,Lacuna'scrony. Luluarriveshomefrom schoolearlierthanusualtocollectthetwothousandshillingfeesbalancefortheconstructionofaperimeterfenceandthecomputerlaboratorydespitepayingonethousandthepreviousday. Taminacomplainsofherlackofbasicslikefoodandwaterandwondersaboutthe essenceofeducation. Lulu isbitterandsomewhatinsolentanddisrespectfultohermother. Luluisfrustratedbyhermother'shelplessnessandpovertyandthreatensher,"lwillusemybeautythen!Imustcompleteschoolandbesomebody...inanyway pg31 UnlikehermotherLuluwantstobefreefrompovertyandoppression. JudaharrivesfromthetownofPatolaandiswarmlywelcomedbyhiswife. Hesaysjobswerenotforthcomingandthepaywaslow. Besides,youneededyourowntribesmantogetajob. Hesacrificeshismoralsforemploymentbecause,religiondoesn'tsitwellonanemptystomach..." p.36 .HethereforebeginsdrinkingandbribesMithambowithbeertogetajobasaMachineOperator. Heworksforlonghoursandcompetitionis Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.17stiff. Meanwhile,theirsonsarealsointownslookingforjobs. BeforeJudahcanrest,heleavesto"sayhellotothecrowdandescortthe sunset" pg.38 butleaves Tamina eighthundredshillingsbesidestheassortmentofgroceriesthathehasbroughthome. Luluisbackandapologeticfordisrespectinghermother. Shelearnsofherfather'sreturnwithexcitement. Sangoihas been appointed a ministerin the Ministry ofReclamation and Remedies byLacuna againstherwill. SheacceptsthepostforfearthatLacunamightassassinatehernowthatduringhiscoronation,peoplepreferredSangoiforLacunatobetheirleaderafterKingKutula'sdeath. Thegovernmentplanstoevacuatepeoplefrom thevalleyandSangoihopes thatLacuna would change his mind overtheevacuation before Kutula's much publicized commemorationceremony. Tamina is against Lulu's attendance of the king Kutulacommemorationceremony,despiteherkeyroleasaleaddancerintheschool'sdancetroupeinvitedbyLacunahimself. ItisonlythroughSangoi'sinterventionthatTaminapermitsLulutoattendwhatshecalls"apaganritual" pg.43 onconditionthat Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.18shewouldrunbackhomeafterthefestival. SangoipromisestowatchoverLuluandevenpayherschoolfeesbalance. Meloreturnshomedrunk. Hesaysheruleshisfamilywithloveand not machines and police guards like Lacuna. JudahcelebrateshisfamilyandreferstoTaminaasbeautyqueen...sobeautiful..."andLuluas"Girl,you'reablackqueenand...ori...hic...ginal!". Pg.48 andchallengesLulutoworkhardandachieveherdreamsofbecomingadoctorandthenhegoestobed. Luluistotallyuninspiredbyherparents'marriage. Shesays,"Ifthisiswhatitmeanstobeaparent,Iwon'tfollowtheirfootstepstobecrownedqueenofrags". Pg.51 .Tasksl. Outlinethecounter-productivityofChipande'sdamproject.2.WhyisTaminastillbitterwithBengo?3.InwhatwaysisBengo"...athorninLacuna'spoliticalside"?4.State the challenges thatparents like Tamina with school-goingchildrenmustundergo.5.How does Judah Zen Melo's absence contribute to Tamina'schallenges? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.196."Idon'twantthislife!Idon't!Idon't!". Pg.31 .WhatexactlydoesLulumeanbythisstatement?7.DescribehowZenMelogetshisjobasamachineoperator.8.WhatcharacterofLuludemonstratesherunderstandingofhergoalsinlife?9.Givethreeillustrationsofincidencesofdisillusionmentinthisepisode. Commentary Itisironicalthatmuchasthenativesexpectedbetterlivesafterindependence,theworstishappeningtothem inform ofneocolonialism. Lacunaismoregreedy,corruptanddictatorialthanhispredecessors. Thenativesarebitter. Tamina'sbitternessisbornofthemiseriesshehasbeenthrough,broughtbyKutula'spoorleadershipmarredbygreedanddictatorship. SheisbitterwithBengowhoseroleasanactivistplungedherfamilyinmisery. Herhusbandisexiled,hersonsareawayinsearchofjobsandherdaughterisinandoutofschoolduetolackofschoolfees. Thenativesarelivinginfear. Thereisfearofbeingassassinatedincaseonefallsoutwiththeleader. BengoisnearlykilledforfightingLacuna'sleadership. JudahZenMelogoesintoself-exile Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.20forfearofbeingkilledoutofdisobeyingLacuna. Taminasays,"YoumustsitontherightsideofLeaderLacuna...ifyouaretolive.". Pg.21 SangoitakesuptheappointmentasaministerforfearofbeingkilledbyLacuna. Lacuna thrives on nepotism. He rewards sycophants andclansmenleavingmostqualifiedcitizensunemployed. Thosethatareemployedarepoorlypaidandovertaxed. Zensays,"...itpaystoknowtheleader'stribesmen" pg.34 . Inaflashback,TaminarevealstothereaderreasonsbehindBengo'simprisonmentandJudah'sexile. ItturnsoutthatKutularequiresJudahtokillhisbrother,BengoforbeingathorninLacuna'spoliticalside. WhenJudahZenMelodisobeys,heisalmostkilledashismangledbodyisfounddampedoutsidetheirhouseandDr. Jonathansaveshim. LaterBengoisimprisoned. TaminareferstoLacunaandhiscroniesasanoctopusthatimpliesthestrongpowerandtheabilitytostretchout,toreachandcontrolanyoneandanythingtheywishtoget. PovertyanddespondencyareportrayedintheMovement. Taminastilllivesinheroldgrass-thatchedhut. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.21 Shewakesupbeforecock-crow topickcoffeebeansfarfromhome. Shehastowalkfifteenkilometerstofetchwaterfrom BukelengeMountains. HasonlytwoacresoflandleftafterChipandebuysherlandforpeanutstostarthismonopolyofgrowingcoffee. Luluissenthomeforschoolfeesbalanceoftwothousandshillings. Taminahasnomoney. Theleadershavetoldthepeoplethatthereare"nofreethings"andtheyshould tightenyourbelts.". Pg.27 . Misrule and greed are seen through the leaders. Lacunademandsunyieldingloyaltyfromhissubjects. Hewantshisspokesman,JudahZenMelo,tokillhisownbrother,Bengo,whoistheleader'sthornintheflesh. JudahisalmostkilledfordisobeyingLacuna. Bengoisjailedformanyyears. LacunaispreoccupiedwithhelpinghisclansmenandhaslittleregardforKutulacitizens. Childrenaresentawayforschoolfeesfortheschooltoerecta Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.22perimeterfence,constructacomputerlaboratoryandpayfortheteachers'extraworkwhenresidentslackwaterandbasicneeds. JudahMeloisvirtuousandamanofintegrity. Herefusestokillhisbrother,Bengoeventhough'thegestureswon'tbeinvain' pg.23 .ThusLacunapromisestorewardhim ifhekillsthebrotherbutZenrefusestoobey. Heisaschemerforthesakeofsurvival. Hedoesn'tcallhisfamilyafterhisself-exilebutinsteadinvestsinbribingMithambowithdrinkstohirehim asamachineoperatorandhegetsit,getsadoublepayandcanaffordtoprovideforhisfamily. Judahisanescapist. He,"deliberatelyshutshisinnerearfromhearing" pg.33 thewife'spain. Hefailstocallorwritetotellhisfamilyabouthiswhereabout. Hedoesn'twanttokillwhatisleftintheirsinkinghearts. Bengoispatriotic. Hefightsthegovernment'sdictatorialrulethatoppressesthecitizens. Heisjailedforyearsandnowthatheisback,hevowsto"takeupthefightwhereIleftoff.". Pg.22 .Heisoptimisticinthatafterbeingjailedforyears,hereturnsreadytocontinuethefighthopingtoliberatethepeople. Bengoisrealisticbecauseheadmitstohavingbroughttroubletohisfamilyalbeitwiththerightmotives. HegivesTaminasome Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.23money. HeisbraveenoughtoopposeaLacunagovernmentandisalmostkilledforthesame. Taminaisresilient. Shestickstoherfamilyandfendsforherchildrendespitethedisappearanceofherhusbandandlossofproperty. Sheworksfrom beforecock-crowtolateevening. Shefetcheswater15kilometersaway. Sheisassertive. SheoutrightlytellsBengooffforhisroleinscatteringherfamily. ShecriticizesKingKutula'scommemorationceremonyandthe"invitationofherdaughtertotheceremonythatshetermsasa paganfestival.". Pg.42 . Lacunaisdictatorial. Herulesbyanironfist. HedemandsthatJudahkillshisbrotherBengo,"rubmypainingsidewiththeredbalm ofloyalty" pg.23 .Heismurderous. HeordersthekillingofBengotwiceandfortunatelyforthelatter,hecheatsdeath. Beingapoormanager,heinauguratesthedam leadingtothedryingofstreamsandbrooks. Chipande'sgreedisevidentthroughhisrequesttoLacunatogivehim thesolemandatetoplantcoffee. Healsobuyslandfrompeople atvery low prices and he is largely selfish as hemisadvisesthegovernmentforhisselfishgains. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.24MovementTwoSceneOneSummaryKutula'sCommemorationCeremony ThesceneissetatKutulaPeoples'Park. ThestageissetforthecelebrationofaNationalCommemorationDayandalltheleaders,delegates,bosom friendsofKutulaRepublicandothercitizensaregatheredatthepark. MissGerima,theteacherishelpingthedancerswiththefinaltouchesofrehearsalsbeforetheritualbegins. Lacuna steps forward to the royalgrave to perform thecommemorationritual. ApitcherwithwaterishandedtoLuluwhowashesLacuna'shands. LacunathenpourswateratthefootofthegraveandthenLuluputsthecrownonhishead,giveshimthemandatetoleadanddeclaresthedaytobeanationalrestday. MelissacommentsthatthecrowndoesnotfitLacuna'sheadandSangoiisquicktosayit'stimeLacunaputthecrownasideashedoesn'tfitthemandate. Aftertheceremony,LacunainvitesSangoiandtheschool Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.25childrentoabanquetinhispalace. HeistodiscusswithSangoimattersofevacuationofthepeople,topavewayfortheirrigationproject,althoughheisawarethatsheisagainsttheproposal. LacunathenleadshisguestsinthebanquetandistolatershareamealwithLuluathisprivatechambersasrequiredbythecustom. Tasksl . Describe the rituals performed during the commemorationchronologically.2.What does Lacuna mean by "customs must bow to nationalemergencies" pg.57 ? 3.Identifytheironyofthequoteinnumber2above.4.CommentonSangoi'ssaying,"Whenthedeadmurmurinaconscience,theguiltyhearinittheterrorofthunder,ourforefathersaidit" pg.56 .5.HowdoyouthinkthenationalrestthatLacunadeclaresimpactsontheeconomy?6.WhydoyouthinkSangoi,theeldersandthetwowhitemenfailtorespo. NdtoMalipoa? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.267.Explainthesymbolism inLacuna'scrownthatdoesnotfitandislopsidedonhishead.8.WhoisGerimaandwhatisherroleinthecommemorationceremony?9.DescribeMelissa'sroleintheepisode. Commentary TheauthordemonstratesthesuperstitioustraditionalpracticesofcommemoratingthedepartedleadersinKutula. Thecurrentleaderisgiventhemandatetolead,bytheyouth,aftertheperformanceofaritual."... Ourancestorsdemandthatouryouthsgiveusmandatetoleadthemtotheirfuture..." p.53 . Melissa and Sangoi's criticism ofLacuna's crown indicates adisapprovalofleadershipandalackofrespectandsupportforhim."... Thecrowndoesnotfithim..." p.55 ."...Itislop-sidedonhishead..." Pg.55 . Melissa'sdisinterestintheritualisbasicallybecauseLacunahaschosen Lulu,a nineteen-year-old schoolgoing girl,as themessenger. Heissettogetintimatewithherintheprocess. Lacuna'saddresstothegraveofhisfatherisacaseofapostrophe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.27intheplay. Headdresseshislatefathertobringouttheimmediacyofthefestival. Traditionsdemandthatthedeadmustnotbeoffended.".. Lfourfatherswouldhaveussharethesameplatform..." p.55 .Thedispleasureofthedeadcanbeunbearabletotheliving. Lacunaisasticklerfortraditionandsuperstition. Heperformstheritualasrequiredbycustom. HereadilyagreestotheadviceandguidancethatheisgivenbyMalipoa,histraditionaladvisor. MelissaandSangoiarecriticalandobservant. Theyarekeentonoticethelop-sidedcrownonLacuna'shead,Theyimplythatheisnotfitforleadership. SceneTwoSummaryLacuna'sBusinessDealswiththeImperialists Thesettingshiftstotheleader'spalaceformally,Governor Macay'sresidencewhichhasnowbeenextensivelymodernized. ItisherethatLacuna,GoldsteinandRobert'smeetingtakesplace. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.28 ChipandewelcomesGoldsteinandRoberttothepalace. TheyarecatchinguponthejustendedcommemorationceremonybeforeLacunaarrives. Chipanderudelyhandlestheattendant. Hebragsabouthow hetreatsthem insummarystatementsinthenameofdemocracyanddevelopmentwhilefaultingKingKutulaforhavingtreatedeveryoneequally. Robertsarcasticallypointsathow Africanslovecelebrationsatthe expense ofserious issues like time managementandeconomy. Chipandecomesindefensesaying.thedrumsofprayerandthanksgivingareintendedtobringthedeadandthelivingtocommunion.". Pg.59 . Robert'scontemptforAfricansisevidentwhenhesaysthewhitesaresuperiorandthat"it'schokingme.doingbusinesswithimmoralragamumns..." pg.60 .HeaddsthatAfricanleadersborrowmoniesabroadinthenameofthenativesonlytoenrichthemselves-themoneyhasavailednothingtothepeople. Withreferencetotheextravagantandunnecessarybanquet,henotesthatmostdrinksandmealsservedareimported. ThecoffeeisgrownbythelocalsbutthenexportedtoLondonforprocessingthensoldbacktothem. Robertwonders,"Howcanwe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.29dobusinesswithpeoplelikethese?". Pg.61 . Goldstein'sperspectiveofbusinessistolend,makeprofitandenslavethenativesby"...puttingthenoose theWhitemanandpoisonedhisownfathertodeath. "Helovedme,butIkilledhim.". Pg.69 .However,hegoesaheadtojustifythemurder,"..myfatherlovedmebut Ilovedmypeoplemore...that'swhyhehadtodie.". Pg.69 . GoldsteinrecountswhattheyhavedoneforLacunaandthenatives" financed his inauguration.... Look, around thirtyuniversities with ultra-modern equipmentcomputer....miningCompany RobertandLacunafalloutbecausetheformerisquicktocriticizeLacuna'sleadership. PlanetWorldFinanciersLimitedhadextendedaloanofthirtybilliontosalvageKutula'seconomy. LacunagetsarrogantwhenGoldsteindemandsanaccountofhow themoneywasspentbecausehehasnoanyrecordofexpenditure. HethreatenstoleavetheofficeandtofreezeLacuna'saccountsabroad. Lacunatonesdownandadmitstohaveembezzledthefunds;heboughthimselfasleekaircraftandhasbankedthirtypercentofthemoneyinforeignaccounts. Healsodisclosesthatheshares Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.30themoneywithotherleadersfortheirpersonalbenefits. Lacunacannotaccountfortherestofthemoney. Yetheclaimstobegivingthenativesfreemedicalservices,education,food,etc. GoldsteinisnowseatedonthethroneandtakesadvantageofanintimidatedLacuna'signorance,mismanagementoffundsandpoorgovernancetosethimintobiggerloans. Lacunanowwantsanotherbiggerloantoboostthe economyandreclaim hispopularityamongthepeopleyethasnowayofpayingtheloanbacksincethe"...exports,silver,runningataloss..." pg.75 andfanninghasdismalreturns. Todate,KutulahasaloanadvancementofninetyeightbillionexclusiveofinterestandLacunaandhisministersoweRobertandGoldsteinahundredandtwentytwobillionwhichshouldbepaidwithinamonth. However,thedebtwillbepaidbyLacuna'ssubjects. Lacunaisgivenconditionsuponthenewloanextendedtohim byGoldstein. Heistoensuremoneyispaidforjobsdoneandnotofficesandpositionsandtoavoidnepotism. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.31 Heisalsotoremovecontrolsonpricesespeciallyfortheforeignexchange. Heshouldincreasetheproductionofsilverandcoffeeforexport. Lacunaisalsotocutdownonemploymentandensurelongerhoursforworkers. Concerningagriculture,heistoevacuatetheoccupantsofthevalleytopavewayfortheirrigationproject. Tasks1.Stateinstancesofsarcasmanddiscusstheirsignificance.2.Howeffectivelydoesthewriterportraygreedinthisscene?3.ContrastthecharactersofRobertandGoldsteinasportrayedinthescene.4.ExplainthemotivesofbothGoldsteinandLacunathatleadtoKingKutula'sassassination.5."Andweletyourunit. Didn'tinterfere" pg.70 ,ExplainthisstatementasmadebyGoldstein.6.OutlinetheconditionsthatGoldsteinandRobertimposedonLacuna. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.327.DemonstrateinwhatwaybusinessbetweentheWestandKutulahas"nohumanface". Pg.82 .8."Themotherbefriended theweaverbird" pg.82 .WhatdidLacuna'sfathermeanbythisstatement?9.Inyouropinion,howdoestheWhitemanstandtobenefitfrom theconditionsheimposesbeforeadvancingaloantoLacuna?Commentary Thereareanumberofinstancesofsarcasm inthescene. Goldsteincommentsaboutthenative'sobsessionwithcelebrations"...Youpeoplecelebrateeverythingevenwhenthesunshrivels..." pg59 . Robertsarcasticallysays,"Oh!I'dlovetosee...thedeadandthelivingsharing!". P.59 . Goldstein flatters Lacuna's leadership with sarcasm when hecompareshisregimetothatofhislatefather,KingKutula. Hetakesadvantageofhisgreedanduseshim toachievehisagendaasthequeen'srepresentative."... Itwastime to bring Kutula backtodignity and high civilization...ourpeople found a man ...yourExcellency...amanofaction...you.". P.68 . TheauthorsatirizesLacunawhenheblameshislatefatherforhavinglefthimadisastrousleadershipforinheritance. Heblames Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.33Kutula'saversenaturetoeconomicdevelopmentandhisstrangeobsessionwithmultiplicationofmosquesandchurcheswhichleaves the economy in shambles yethe Lacuna has notsustained,andinsomecases,notstartedanyoftheeconomicprojectsforwhichhehasbeenadvancedbillionsofshillingsasloansforfunding. Lacunaiscastfoolishlyasaleaderwhocanneitheraccountfortheexpenditureoftheloan,whichheembezzledwithhiscronies,northeprojectsathand. Itisalsoironicalhow LacunaclaimsthatKutulaisasovereignstateyethehasbroughtitseconomytoitsknees;itisheavilyindebt. Goldsteintellshim "...Asovereignstatewithoutauthorityandmoneyislowerthanaslave..." p.74 . Lacunaandhisleadersdemonstrateinsatiablegreed. Theygrabeveryavailablechancetostealfrom thestate. Lacunaandhiscroniesembezzlebillionsofshillingsadvancedasloansleavingwhiteelephantprojectsandindustriesthathavesuffereddiremismanagement. Lacunausespartoftheloanstobuyhimselfanaircraftandheabdicatesthemanagementofthemoneytohiscronieswhoshareitravenously. Hedemandsforcertainpercentagesfor Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.34personalusefrom everyloanadvanced .Goldsteindescribesthesecroniesas".agreedybunchofincompetentswhocan'tseeadimewithoutgettinglibidinousconvulsionsdowntheirmidriff?". Pg76 . Racism isevidentthroughRobertwhonotonlyunderminesthenativesbutisalsosickenedbytheirwayoflife. Hecannotstandtheir customs and their nauseating suffocating loyalty of"...crawlingonthefloor...fawning...mothering..." p.60 . InternationalbusinesspracticebetweenKutulaandimperialists,whichhasnohumanface,isputtingpressureonbothLacunaandthecitizensandworkingtothedetrimentofthewelfareofKutula. Residentshavetobeevacuatedfromtheirhomestopavewayforagriculture,salaries have to be slashed,people have to beretrenchedandmoreincomehastobegeneratedattheexpenseofthepeople. LacunakillshisownfathertotakeoverleadershipinKutula. Itisanactofbetrayal,assassinationandgreed. Heclaimsthathisfatherrandownthecountryandneededtopayupwithhislife. ItisbecauseofgreedthatLacunafallspreytoGoldstein'smissionof eliminating his father.