It calculates time, display time and rotates the plateMp3 and DVD players are able to store, read data and play music and videosDrones have computers that enable user to control them. The computers in drones enable them to capture images and videos and transmit them to the usersDigital watches have computers to display time in numbers and set an alarm clockUsing different types of computers in performing tasksPupil s activityPage 35-6Computer user environmentComputer user environment is an area equipped with devices, facilities and other components that provide suitable conditions for the use of computersExamples are cyber cafe and computer laboratoriesFactors to consider when setting up a computer user environmentAccessibilityComputer user environment should be set up in a place where the intended user can easily reachGood lightingThe room should be well itVentilationThe environment should be well ventilated, have free circulation of air and be free from heat, dust and moisture which can damage a computer systemPower sourceA computer user environment should have a reliable source of power to prevent loss of data and damage of computersSpaceThe floor space should allow free movement of people using the computer user environmentSecurityA computer user environment should be secure with strong doors and windows. It should also have system in place to prevent unauthorised accessFire fighting equipmentShould be available at all times in case of a fireUser friendlyThe computer user environment should be made user friendly by ensuring there is comfortable furnitureProper cablingShould be done from the power sources to the devicesThe cable must be insulated and laid away from busy areas of the room to prevent people from getting electrocuted or trippingResources for setting up a computer user environmentWhen setting up a computer user environment, you needDesks and chairsComputer systemExtension cards and electrical cablesGood lightingPrintersScannerProjectorUPSSafety precautions and practise in the computer user environmentDo not eat or drink in a computer user environmentDo not touch naked wiresOnly allow authorised people. Avoid welcoming strangersOrganise your desks before leavingEnter and exit quietly from the computer user environmentDo not rush or push each otherAvoid carrying pointed objects near computersRemove shoes entry to minimise dustAlways follow the proper procedure for starring and shutting down the computer to avoid loss of dataEmerging trends in computer user environmentIntroduction of smartphones and small portable computers has made it easier for people to access computer servicesThis means that the computer user environment is no longer confined within walls.


The computers in drones enable them to capture images and videos and transmit them to the usersDigital watches have computers to display time in numbers and set an alarm clockUsing different types of computers in performing tasksPupil s activityPage 35-6Computer user environmentComputer user environment is an area equipped with devices, facilities and other components that provide suitable conditions for the use of computersExamples are cyber cafe and computer laboratoriesFactors to consider when setting up a computer user environmentAccessibilityComputer user environment should be set up in a place where the intended user can easily reachGood lightingThe room should be well itVentilationThe environment should be well ventilated, have free circulation of air and be free from heat, dust and moisture which can damage a computer systemPower sourceA computer user environment should have a reliable source of power to prevent loss of data and damage of computersSpaceThe floor space should allow free movement of people using the computer user environmentSecurityA computer user environment should be secure with strong doors and windows. It should also have system in place to prevent unauthorised accessFire fighting equipmentShould be available at all times in case of a fireUser friendlyThe computer user environment should be made user friendly by ensuring there is comfortable furnitureProper cablingShould be done from the power sources to the devicesThe cable must be insulated and laid away from busy areas of the room to prevent people from getting electrocuted or trippingResources for setting up a computer user environmentWhen setting up a computer user environment, you needDesks and chairsComputer systemExtension cards and electrical cablesGood lightingPrintersScannerProjectorUPSSafety precautions and practise in the computer user environmentDo not eat or drink in a computer user environmentDo not touch naked wiresOnly allow authorised people. Avoid welcoming strangersOrganise your desks before leavingEnter and exit quietly from the computer user environmentDo not rush or push each otherAvoid carrying pointed objects near computersRemove shoes entry to minimise dustAlways follow the proper procedure for starring and shutting down the computer to avoid loss of dataEmerging trends in computer user environmentIntroduction of smartphones and small portable computers has made it easier for people to access computer servicesThis means that the computer user environment is no longer confined within walls. It goes where a person has access to a computing device goesMobile phone companies have made connectivity easy by availing network services to the people.


It should also have system in place to prevent unauthorised accessFire fighting equipmentShould be available at all times in case of a fireUser friendlyThe computer user environment should be made user friendly by ensuring there is comfortable furnitureProper cablingShould be done from the power sources to the devicesThe cable must be insulated and laid away from busy areas of the room to prevent people from getting electrocuted or trippingResources for setting up a computer user environmentWhen setting up a computer user environment, you needDesks and chairsComputer systemExtension cards and electrical cablesGood lightingPrintersScannerProjectorUPSSafety precautions and practise in the computer user environmentDo not eat or drink in a computer user environmentDo not touch naked wiresOnly allow authorised people. Avoid welcoming strangersOrganise your desks before leavingEnter and exit quietly from the computer user environmentDo not rush or push each otherAvoid carrying pointed objects near computersRemove shoes entry to minimise dustAlways follow the proper procedure for starring and shutting down the computer to avoid loss of dataEmerging trends in computer user environmentIntroduction of smartphones and small portable computers has made it easier for people to access computer servicesThis means that the computer user environment is no longer confined within walls. It goes where a person has access to a computing device goesMobile phone companies have made connectivity easy by availing network services to the people. This made it easy to access computer services anywhere at any timePhysical parts of a computerWhat are the physical parts of a computer?


Avoid welcoming strangersOrganise your desks before leavingEnter and exit quietly from the computer user environmentDo not rush or push each otherAvoid carrying pointed objects near computersRemove shoes entry to minimise dustAlways follow the proper procedure for starring and shutting down the computer to avoid loss of dataEmerging trends in computer user environmentIntroduction of smartphones and small portable computers has made it easier for people to access computer servicesThis means that the computer user environment is no longer confined within walls. It goes where a person has access to a computing device goesMobile phone companies have made connectivity easy by availing network services to the people. This made it easy to access computer services anywhere at any timePhysical parts of a computerWhat are the physical parts of a computer? Functions of the physical part of a computerMonitorUsed to displaying information for example pictures and textKeyboardUsed for typing and giving instructions to the computerThe system unitContains the devices oof a computer that Process data and gives information such as CPUSpeakers and headphonesAre used for listening to music and audio filesPrinterIs used for printing text on paperMouseIs used for selecting items and giving instructions to the computer by clickingFlash disksIs used for storing and transferring informationScannerIs used to take images of paper documents and displaying them on a computerCablesAre used to connect different parts of a computerConnecting the physical parts of the computerPupil s activityPage 45-46How to minimise wastage in computer usageWe can reuse or recycle the physical parts of a computerFor exampleIf a device is in good working condition but longer in use it can be sold for some money to someone who will reuse itSuch devices can also be donated to people who need themA computer monitor can also be used as a television screen with little modificationWe can transform a system unit to a lockable cabinet by removing the inside components and installing a lock. Physical parts of a computer can be used to make art for example the keys of the keyboardThe physical parts of a computer can be sent to the manufacturer or sent to a recycling centre where they are taken apart, their components sorted and recycled.


This made it easy to access computer services anywhere at any timePhysical parts of a computerWhat are the physical parts of a computer? Functions of the physical part of a computerMonitorUsed to displaying information for example pictures and textKeyboardUsed for typing and giving instructions to the computerThe system unitContains the devices oof a computer that Process data and gives information such as CPUSpeakers and headphonesAre used for listening to music and audio filesPrinterIs used for printing text on paperMouseIs used for selecting items and giving instructions to the computer by clickingFlash disksIs used for storing and transferring informationScannerIs used to take images of paper documents and displaying them on a computerCablesAre used to connect different parts of a computerConnecting the physical parts of the computerPupil s activityPage 45-46How to minimise wastage in computer usageWe can reuse or recycle the physical parts of a computerFor exampleIf a device is in good working condition but longer in use it can be sold for some money to someone who will reuse itSuch devices can also be donated to people who need themA computer monitor can also be used as a television screen with little modificationWe can transform a system unit to a lockable cabinet by removing the inside components and installing a lock. Physical parts of a computer can be used to make art for example the keys of the keyboardThe physical parts of a computer can be sent to the manufacturer or sent to a recycling centre where they are taken apart, their components sorted and recycled. Interacting with physical parts of a computerPupil s activityPage 48-49Hands on skills conceptsStarting a computerSwitch on the power sourcePress the power button of the monitor then press the power button of the system unit to start your computerWait for the computer to finish the booting processClick on your user account. Type your username, enter your password and press enter to sign in to the computerShutting down a computerClose all the programs that may still be runningClick on the start button and select the power buttonClick the power button. A window showing power option will appearClick shut down for the computer to undergo the shut down processFunction of the keys on a computer keyboardDelete Del key. It is used to erase characters to the right of the cursor, i.e., from left to right .


Type your username, enter your password and press enter to sign in to the computerShutting down a computerClose all the programs that may still be runningClick on the start button and select the power buttonClick the power button. A window showing power option will appearClick shut down for the computer to undergo the shut down processFunction of the keys on a computer keyboardDelete Del key. It is used to erase characters to the right of the cursor, i.e., from left to right . EscHomePg upPg dnEndBackspace key - It has a backward arrow marked on it. Used to erase characters to the left of the cursor i.e., from right to left on the same line . When pressed, it makes the cursor move one space backwards and the immediate letter or number to the left is erased. CrtlTabCaps lockEnterShiftA Cursor is a blinking underscore or a vertical beam I that shows where the next character to be typed will appear. Categories of keys of a computer keyboardAlphanumeric keysKeys are labeled with alphabetic letters A-Z, numbers arranged in a line 1,2, ..0 respectively and symbols like:?, ,. Etc. This group also includes the following keys: cap lock, enter tab. Space bar and backspace. Caps lock key: Pressing this key let's the user type in upper case-letters, capitals To switch back to lower case letters simply press the same key again. Enter key return key : Pressing this key forces the text cursor to move to the beginning of the next line. A cursor is a blinking underscore - or a vertical beam I that shows where, the next character to be typed will appear. The enter key is also used to instruct .the computer to execute a command that has been selected on the screen. Tab key: This key is used to move the text cursor at set intervals on the same line e.g. 10 mm, 20 mm etc. The space bar: This bar creates a space between words during typing. The backspace key: This key deletes characters from right to left on the same line. Function keysFunction keys are usually located along the top of the keyboard. They are labeled FI, F2 up to FI2. They are used for tasks that occur frequently in various programs.


A click often selects an object. Double clicking: This means pressing the left button twice in quick succession. Double clicking usually opens a file or starts a programRight clicking: Pressing the right hand side mouse button once displays a list of commands from which the user can make a selection. This list of commands is called a shortcut menu or context sensitive menu. It is called a context sensitive menu because the commands on it apply to the right clicked item. Drag and drop: This is whereby the user drags an item from one location on the screen to another. The procedure to accomplish this operation is as follows:1. Point to the item you want to drag. 2. Press the left hand side mouse button and hold it down3. Slide the mouse until the pointer reaches the desired position on the screen. 4. Finally release the mouse button and the item will be dropped in the new location. Scrolling the sliding movement of images, videos or text across a display screen either vertically or horizontallyInteracting with the keyboard and pointing devices of a computerPupil s activityPage 58-60Computer system overviewA system is a set of things working together to achieve a common goal or objectiveA computer system is a collection of parts that work together to receive, process, manage and present data and informationIdentification of computer system componentsThe computer system consist of 3 componentshardwareThese are physical components of a computer system that you can touchExamples: keyboard, mouse, monitor, CPUsoftwareThese are a set of instructions that direct a computer on what to do during processing.


4. Finally release the mouse button and the item will be dropped in the new location. Scrolling the sliding movement of images, videos or text across a display screen either vertically or horizontallyInteracting with the keyboard and pointing devices of a computerPupil s activityPage 58-60Computer system overviewA system is a set of things working together to achieve a common goal or objectiveA computer system is a collection of parts that work together to receive, process, manage and present data and informationIdentification of computer system componentsThe computer system consist of 3 componentshardwareThese are physical components of a computer system that you can touchExamples: keyboard, mouse, monitor, CPUsoftwareThese are a set of instructions that direct a computer on what to do during processing. They include operating system and programs like MS WORD, MS EXCELliveware of peoplewareThese are the users who command or direct computers to perform given taskThis term also refers to the people that develop the software and hardware components of a computerFunctions of a computer componentscomputer hardwareaccepts data and instructionsprocess datastores dataproduces informationcommunicates with devices and userscomputer softwaremanages computer resourcesprovides computer interfacestores and retrieves data and instructionsdoes mathematical calculationlivewaredesigns and develops software and hardwareoperates a computer systementers datacontrols computer environmentUsing computer system componentsPUPIL S ACTIVITYPAGE 63Linkage among components of a computer systemThe liverware uses hardware components to input data and give instructions to softwareThe software in turn process the data and executes the instructions then gives the information through hardware. The information is then used by the liveware for decision making or fed back into the computer as dataImportance of computer systems in the societyBusinessComputer systems have enabled efficiency in record keeping, allowing long process to take a shorter time through automation.


Scrolling the sliding movement of images, videos or text across a display screen either vertically or horizontallyInteracting with the keyboard and pointing devices of a computerPupil s activityPage 58-60Computer system overviewA system is a set of things working together to achieve a common goal or objectiveA computer system is a collection of parts that work together to receive, process, manage and present data and informationIdentification of computer system componentsThe computer system consist of 3 componentshardwareThese are physical components of a computer system that you can touchExamples: keyboard, mouse, monitor, CPUsoftwareThese are a set of instructions that direct a computer on what to do during processing. They include operating system and programs like MS WORD, MS EXCELliveware of peoplewareThese are the users who command or direct computers to perform given taskThis term also refers to the people that develop the software and hardware components of a computerFunctions of a computer componentscomputer hardwareaccepts data and instructionsprocess datastores dataproduces informationcommunicates with devices and userscomputer softwaremanages computer resourcesprovides computer interfacestores and retrieves data and instructionsdoes mathematical calculationlivewaredesigns and develops software and hardwareoperates a computer systementers datacontrols computer environmentUsing computer system componentsPUPIL S ACTIVITYPAGE 63Linkage among components of a computer systemThe liverware uses hardware components to input data and give instructions to softwareThe software in turn process the data and executes the instructions then gives the information through hardware. The information is then used by the liveware for decision making or fed back into the computer as dataImportance of computer systems in the societyBusinessComputer systems have enabled efficiency in record keeping, allowing long process to take a shorter time through automation. They have also brought about online advertisement and sales using the internetCommunicationComputers are connected through networks allowing for faster cheaper and safer communication across the globeShoppingPeople today can shop online for goods and services and pay for them using online channels enabled by computer systemsSocialisingComputer systems have made it possible for people to socialise and conduct viral meetings through various social media platformsEmploymentComputer systems have provided employment opportunitiesEg software development and designEntertainmentPeople can access a variety of music, films and computer games on their computersEducationThe internet is a huge information resources that is easily accessible compared to textbooks.


They include operating system and programs like MS WORD, MS EXCELliveware of peoplewareThese are the users who command or direct computers to perform given taskThis term also refers to the people that develop the software and hardware components of a computerFunctions of a computer componentscomputer hardwareaccepts data and instructionsprocess datastores dataproduces informationcommunicates with devices and userscomputer softwaremanages computer resourcesprovides computer interfacestores and retrieves data and instructionsdoes mathematical calculationlivewaredesigns and develops software and hardwareoperates a computer systementers datacontrols computer environmentUsing computer system componentsPUPIL S ACTIVITYPAGE 63Linkage among components of a computer systemThe liverware uses hardware components to input data and give instructions to softwareThe software in turn process the data and executes the instructions then gives the information through hardware. The information is then used by the liveware for decision making or fed back into the computer as dataImportance of computer systems in the societyBusinessComputer systems have enabled efficiency in record keeping, allowing long process to take a shorter time through automation. They have also brought about online advertisement and sales using the internetCommunicationComputers are connected through networks allowing for faster cheaper and safer communication across the globeShoppingPeople today can shop online for goods and services and pay for them using online channels enabled by computer systemsSocialisingComputer systems have made it possible for people to socialise and conduct viral meetings through various social media platformsEmploymentComputer systems have provided employment opportunitiesEg software development and designEntertainmentPeople can access a variety of music, films and computer games on their computersEducationThe internet is a huge information resources that is easily accessible compared to textbooks. Learners are also able to learn online without the need to attend classes physicallyComputer hardware conceptsCategories of hardware in a computer systemComputer hardware components are classified asInput devicesOutput devicesCPUStorage devicesFunctions of computer hardware categoriesInput devicesEnables user to enter data that needs processing and the instructions on how to process itExamples: mouse, keyboard, touchpad, light pen, joystick, scanner, microphoneCPUProcess the data entered into a computer according to the instructionsOutput devicesPresent information that has been processed in different forms for example text, sound and picturesExamples of output devices: monitor, printer, speakers, projector, plotter, headphonesStorage devicesSaves data, information, computer software and running operationsExamples: hard disk, memory card, flash diskSelecting appropriate hardware for different situationsConsiderReliabilityCostUsing different elements of computer hardwarePupil s activityPage 71-73Input devicesEnables user to enter data that needs processing and the instructions on how to process itInput devices in a computer systemExamples: mouse, keyboard, touchpad, light pen, joystick, scanner, microphone, barcode scanner, digital camera, capacitive and infra-red touch screens, 2D and 3D scannersCategories of input devicesSelecting appropriate input devices for different situationsWhen selecting input devices you can consider the following factorsUser needsThe device should meet the need of the userCostThe device should be affordable according to user s budgetFunctionalityDevices should serve the purpose it was intendedUser friendlinessThe device should be easy to useCompatibility with hardwareDevices selected should be able to connect and work together with other available devices in the computerLevel of expertiseDevices selected should meet the technical skills of the user.


The information is then used by the liveware for decision making or fed back into the computer as dataImportance of computer systems in the societyBusinessComputer systems have enabled efficiency in record keeping, allowing long process to take a shorter time through automation. They have also brought about online advertisement and sales using the internetCommunicationComputers are connected through networks allowing for faster cheaper and safer communication across the globeShoppingPeople today can shop online for goods and services and pay for them using online channels enabled by computer systemsSocialisingComputer systems have made it possible for people to socialise and conduct viral meetings through various social media platformsEmploymentComputer systems have provided employment opportunitiesEg software development and designEntertainmentPeople can access a variety of music, films and computer games on their computersEducationThe internet is a huge information resources that is easily accessible compared to textbooks. Learners are also able to learn online without the need to attend classes physicallyComputer hardware conceptsCategories of hardware in a computer systemComputer hardware components are classified asInput devicesOutput devicesCPUStorage devicesFunctions of computer hardware categoriesInput devicesEnables user to enter data that needs processing and the instructions on how to process itExamples: mouse, keyboard, touchpad, light pen, joystick, scanner, microphoneCPUProcess the data entered into a computer according to the instructionsOutput devicesPresent information that has been processed in different forms for example text, sound and picturesExamples of output devices: monitor, printer, speakers, projector, plotter, headphonesStorage devicesSaves data, information, computer software and running operationsExamples: hard disk, memory card, flash diskSelecting appropriate hardware for different situationsConsiderReliabilityCostUsing different elements of computer hardwarePupil s activityPage 71-73Input devicesEnables user to enter data that needs processing and the instructions on how to process itInput devices in a computer systemExamples: mouse, keyboard, touchpad, light pen, joystick, scanner, microphone, barcode scanner, digital camera, capacitive and infra-red touch screens, 2D and 3D scannersCategories of input devicesSelecting appropriate input devices for different situationsWhen selecting input devices you can consider the following factorsUser needsThe device should meet the need of the userCostThe device should be affordable according to user s budgetFunctionalityDevices should serve the purpose it was intendedUser friendlinessThe device should be easy to useCompatibility with hardwareDevices selected should be able to connect and work together with other available devices in the computerLevel of expertiseDevices selected should meet the technical skills of the user. Using input devices to perform tasksPupil s activityPage 77Reusing input devices to minimise wastageInput devices which are still functional can be used in the following waysOld and functional keyboards can be sold or donated to be reused with other compatible computer systemInput devices which are in good condition and not in use can be donated to people who need them in the communityFunctional computer inputs can be used to set up other computersObsolete and dysfunctional input devices can be sent to recycling facility where they will be recycled to make new products.


They have also brought about online advertisement and sales using the internetCommunicationComputers are connected through networks allowing for faster cheaper and safer communication across the globeShoppingPeople today can shop online for goods and services and pay for them using online channels enabled by computer systemsSocialisingComputer systems have made it possible for people to socialise and conduct viral meetings through various social media platformsEmploymentComputer systems have provided employment opportunitiesEg software development and designEntertainmentPeople can access a variety of music, films and computer games on their computersEducationThe internet is a huge information resources that is easily accessible compared to textbooks. Learners are also able to learn online without the need to attend classes physicallyComputer hardware conceptsCategories of hardware in a computer systemComputer hardware components are classified asInput devicesOutput devicesCPUStorage devicesFunctions of computer hardware categoriesInput devicesEnables user to enter data that needs processing and the instructions on how to process itExamples: mouse, keyboard, touchpad, light pen, joystick, scanner, microphoneCPUProcess the data entered into a computer according to the instructionsOutput devicesPresent information that has been processed in different forms for example text, sound and picturesExamples of output devices: monitor, printer, speakers, projector, plotter, headphonesStorage devicesSaves data, information, computer software and running operationsExamples: hard disk, memory card, flash diskSelecting appropriate hardware for different situationsConsiderReliabilityCostUsing different elements of computer hardwarePupil s activityPage 71-73Input devicesEnables user to enter data that needs processing and the instructions on how to process itInput devices in a computer systemExamples: mouse, keyboard, touchpad, light pen, joystick, scanner, microphone, barcode scanner, digital camera, capacitive and infra-red touch screens, 2D and 3D scannersCategories of input devicesSelecting appropriate input devices for different situationsWhen selecting input devices you can consider the following factorsUser needsThe device should meet the need of the userCostThe device should be affordable according to user s budgetFunctionalityDevices should serve the purpose it was intendedUser friendlinessThe device should be easy to useCompatibility with hardwareDevices selected should be able to connect and work together with other available devices in the computerLevel of expertiseDevices selected should meet the technical skills of the user. Using input devices to perform tasksPupil s activityPage 77Reusing input devices to minimise wastageInput devices which are still functional can be used in the following waysOld and functional keyboards can be sold or donated to be reused with other compatible computer systemInput devices which are in good condition and not in use can be donated to people who need them in the communityFunctional computer inputs can be used to set up other computersObsolete and dysfunctional input devices can be sent to recycling facility where they will be recycled to make new products. Central processing unitThe CPU is the part of a computer that process dataLocating the CPU in a computer systemPupil s activityPage 80-81NBMotherboard is a frame which holds and allows communication between the components of the computer systemThe CPU is located on the motherboardFunctional elements of the CPU in a computer systemThe CPU performs all types of data processing operations in a computer systemCPU has 3 componentsControl unitArithmetic logic unitSpecial memoryArithmetic and logic unit ALUPerforms calculations like addition and subtractionIt also performs logical operations which mainly involve comparison of dataControl unitCoordinates movement of data between the processor and the memorySpecial memoryStores data and information required during processing.


Learners are also able to learn online without the need to attend classes physicallyComputer hardware conceptsCategories of hardware in a computer systemComputer hardware components are classified asInput devicesOutput devicesCPUStorage devicesFunctions of computer hardware categoriesInput devicesEnables user to enter data that needs processing and the instructions on how to process itExamples: mouse, keyboard, touchpad, light pen, joystick, scanner, microphoneCPUProcess the data entered into a computer according to the instructionsOutput devicesPresent information that has been processed in different forms for example text, sound and picturesExamples of output devices: monitor, printer, speakers, projector, plotter, headphonesStorage devicesSaves data, information, computer software and running operationsExamples: hard disk, memory card, flash diskSelecting appropriate hardware for different situationsConsiderReliabilityCostUsing different elements of computer hardwarePupil s activityPage 71-73Input devicesEnables user to enter data that needs processing and the instructions on how to process itInput devices in a computer systemExamples: mouse, keyboard, touchpad, light pen, joystick, scanner, microphone, barcode scanner, digital camera, capacitive and infra-red touch screens, 2D and 3D scannersCategories of input devicesSelecting appropriate input devices for different situationsWhen selecting input devices you can consider the following factorsUser needsThe device should meet the need of the userCostThe device should be affordable according to user s budgetFunctionalityDevices should serve the purpose it was intendedUser friendlinessThe device should be easy to useCompatibility with hardwareDevices selected should be able to connect and work together with other available devices in the computerLevel of expertiseDevices selected should meet the technical skills of the user. Using input devices to perform tasksPupil s activityPage 77Reusing input devices to minimise wastageInput devices which are still functional can be used in the following waysOld and functional keyboards can be sold or donated to be reused with other compatible computer systemInput devices which are in good condition and not in use can be donated to people who need them in the communityFunctional computer inputs can be used to set up other computersObsolete and dysfunctional input devices can be sent to recycling facility where they will be recycled to make new products. Central processing unitThe CPU is the part of a computer that process dataLocating the CPU in a computer systemPupil s activityPage 80-81NBMotherboard is a frame which holds and allows communication between the components of the computer systemThe CPU is located on the motherboardFunctional elements of the CPU in a computer systemThe CPU performs all types of data processing operations in a computer systemCPU has 3 componentsControl unitArithmetic logic unitSpecial memoryArithmetic and logic unit ALUPerforms calculations like addition and subtractionIt also performs logical operations which mainly involve comparison of dataControl unitCoordinates movement of data between the processor and the memorySpecial memoryStores data and information required during processing. Most of the CPU operations are performed by the ALUThe control unit moves data between the ALU and the special memory and also tell the ALU what to do.


Using input devices to perform tasksPupil s activityPage 77Reusing input devices to minimise wastageInput devices which are still functional can be used in the following waysOld and functional keyboards can be sold or donated to be reused with other compatible computer systemInput devices which are in good condition and not in use can be donated to people who need them in the communityFunctional computer inputs can be used to set up other computersObsolete and dysfunctional input devices can be sent to recycling facility where they will be recycled to make new products. Central processing unitThe CPU is the part of a computer that process dataLocating the CPU in a computer systemPupil s activityPage 80-81NBMotherboard is a frame which holds and allows communication between the components of the computer systemThe CPU is located on the motherboardFunctional elements of the CPU in a computer systemThe CPU performs all types of data processing operations in a computer systemCPU has 3 componentsControl unitArithmetic logic unitSpecial memoryArithmetic and logic unit ALUPerforms calculations like addition and subtractionIt also performs logical operations which mainly involve comparison of dataControl unitCoordinates movement of data between the processor and the memorySpecial memoryStores data and information required during processing. Most of the CPU operations are performed by the ALUThe control unit moves data between the ALU and the special memory and also tell the ALU what to do. The ALU then process data and store the result in a special memoryTypes of processors in computing devicesThere are 6 types of CPUCPUs are classified according to the number of cores they haveThe core of a CPU receives instructions and perform calculations, or operations to satisfy the received instructionsPerforming tasks using computers with different processorsPupil s activityPage 84-85Processors receive input data, process it and generates results. It computes data and receives instructions in almost all actins carried out in a computer.


Most of the CPU operations are performed by the ALUThe control unit moves data between the ALU and the special memory and also tell the ALU what to do. The ALU then process data and store the result in a special memoryTypes of processors in computing devicesThere are 6 types of CPUCPUs are classified according to the number of cores they haveThe core of a CPU receives instructions and perform calculations, or operations to satisfy the received instructionsPerforming tasks using computers with different processorsPupil s activityPage 84-85Processors receive input data, process it and generates results. It computes data and receives instructions in almost all actins carried out in a computer. Processors determines the speed with which a computing device processes informationComputers with fast processors have high processing power and often give information fasterOutput devicesPresent information that has been processed in different forms for example graphics, tactile or text, sound audio , video and picturesOutput devices of a computer systemMonitor, printer, speakers, projector, plotter, headphones, Braille embosserFunctions of output devices in a computer systemMonitorDisplay data in text and graphicsSpeakersGives information in form of soundHeadphonesProduce audio informationPrintersProduce text or picture information on a paperProjectorsGives visual information by projecting it on a flat smooth surface like a wall or white boardPlottersProduces digital created graphics and drawingsPlotters use a pen to draw lines on paperActuatorA part of a device or machine that helps to create physical movement using signals from a computerBraille embosserA device that presses dots onto paper for people with visual impairment to read using their fingersCategories of computer output devicesNBHardcopy refers to data printed out on paperIt could be text, photographs, illustrations or any data that can be printedSoft copy is information stored and displayed in a computerSelecting appropriate out devicesFactors that you consider when selecting output devices areOutput qualityUser friendlinessUser needsSuitability to the function it is supposed to carry outCompatibility with the available devicesThe cost of purchasing and maintaining the output devicesUses of output devicesWe care and use output devices safely byKeeping the devices away from water and dustAvoiding exposure to foods and fluidsAlways powering off the devices after useConnecting only with compatible devicesCleaning and servicing the devices regularlyEnsuring secure connection of the devices before useTechnological trends in development of output devicesOutput devices have constantly been replace with new devices due to improved technology from innovatorsTechnological trends enables fast evolution of output devices which suit user needs better, are cost effective, friendly to the environment, secure and able to multitaskComputer displays which are used to create clear, high quality, digital displaysWireless speakers and headphones which are more portable, have noise cancelling capability and produce better sound qualityBetter Braille embossers that give better quality Braille while producing very little noise.


The ALU then process data and store the result in a special memoryTypes of processors in computing devicesThere are 6 types of CPUCPUs are classified according to the number of cores they haveThe core of a CPU receives instructions and perform calculations, or operations to satisfy the received instructionsPerforming tasks using computers with different processorsPupil s activityPage 84-85Processors receive input data, process it and generates results. It computes data and receives instructions in almost all actins carried out in a computer. Processors determines the speed with which a computing device processes informationComputers with fast processors have high processing power and often give information fasterOutput devicesPresent information that has been processed in different forms for example graphics, tactile or text, sound audio , video and picturesOutput devices of a computer systemMonitor, printer, speakers, projector, plotter, headphones, Braille embosserFunctions of output devices in a computer systemMonitorDisplay data in text and graphicsSpeakersGives information in form of soundHeadphonesProduce audio informationPrintersProduce text or picture information on a paperProjectorsGives visual information by projecting it on a flat smooth surface like a wall or white boardPlottersProduces digital created graphics and drawingsPlotters use a pen to draw lines on paperActuatorA part of a device or machine that helps to create physical movement using signals from a computerBraille embosserA device that presses dots onto paper for people with visual impairment to read using their fingersCategories of computer output devicesNBHardcopy refers to data printed out on paperIt could be text, photographs, illustrations or any data that can be printedSoft copy is information stored and displayed in a computerSelecting appropriate out devicesFactors that you consider when selecting output devices areOutput qualityUser friendlinessUser needsSuitability to the function it is supposed to carry outCompatibility with the available devicesThe cost of purchasing and maintaining the output devicesUses of output devicesWe care and use output devices safely byKeeping the devices away from water and dustAvoiding exposure to foods and fluidsAlways powering off the devices after useConnecting only with compatible devicesCleaning and servicing the devices regularlyEnsuring secure connection of the devices before useTechnological trends in development of output devicesOutput devices have constantly been replace with new devices due to improved technology from innovatorsTechnological trends enables fast evolution of output devices which suit user needs better, are cost effective, friendly to the environment, secure and able to multitaskComputer displays which are used to create clear, high quality, digital displaysWireless speakers and headphones which are more portable, have noise cancelling capability and produce better sound qualityBetter Braille embossers that give better quality Braille while producing very little noise. They also recognise speech and give speech feedback, making them user friendlyPrinters which produce better quality hardcopies, can be secured using passwords, are compact, cost effective and easy to usePorts and cablesPortA physical slot of a computer through which peripheral devices are connected.


It computes data and receives instructions in almost all actins carried out in a computer. Processors determines the speed with which a computing device processes informationComputers with fast processors have high processing power and often give information fasterOutput devicesPresent information that has been processed in different forms for example graphics, tactile or text, sound audio , video and picturesOutput devices of a computer systemMonitor, printer, speakers, projector, plotter, headphones, Braille embosserFunctions of output devices in a computer systemMonitorDisplay data in text and graphicsSpeakersGives information in form of soundHeadphonesProduce audio informationPrintersProduce text or picture information on a paperProjectorsGives visual information by projecting it on a flat smooth surface like a wall or white boardPlottersProduces digital created graphics and drawingsPlotters use a pen to draw lines on paperActuatorA part of a device or machine that helps to create physical movement using signals from a computerBraille embosserA device that presses dots onto paper for people with visual impairment to read using their fingersCategories of computer output devicesNBHardcopy refers to data printed out on paperIt could be text, photographs, illustrations or any data that can be printedSoft copy is information stored and displayed in a computerSelecting appropriate out devicesFactors that you consider when selecting output devices areOutput qualityUser friendlinessUser needsSuitability to the function it is supposed to carry outCompatibility with the available devicesThe cost of purchasing and maintaining the output devicesUses of output devicesWe care and use output devices safely byKeeping the devices away from water and dustAvoiding exposure to foods and fluidsAlways powering off the devices after useConnecting only with compatible devicesCleaning and servicing the devices regularlyEnsuring secure connection of the devices before useTechnological trends in development of output devicesOutput devices have constantly been replace with new devices due to improved technology from innovatorsTechnological trends enables fast evolution of output devices which suit user needs better, are cost effective, friendly to the environment, secure and able to multitaskComputer displays which are used to create clear, high quality, digital displaysWireless speakers and headphones which are more portable, have noise cancelling capability and produce better sound qualityBetter Braille embossers that give better quality Braille while producing very little noise. They also recognise speech and give speech feedback, making them user friendlyPrinters which produce better quality hardcopies, can be secured using passwords, are compact, cost effective and easy to usePorts and cablesPortA physical slot of a computer through which peripheral devices are connected. All input and output devices of a computer are connected on the portsCableA chord that connects and enables transfer of data or power from one device to anotherA computing system has ports and cables that enable communication between the differebt components of a computerIdentifying cables and portsPupil s activityPage 97Types of cables and ports used in a computerThere are 2 types of cablesPower cablesThese allow for power transmission and distribution from the source to all computer hardware componentsData cablesThese carry data and allows for communication between devices in a computing systemRelate cables to their corresponding ports in a computerPupil s activityPage 100Connecting cables to their corresponding portsPupil s activityPage 101-102NBPorts enable the connection of output and input devices to aPorts allow computers to connect to networksComputer setupSetting up a computer is connecting all the hardware devices and preparing software programmes for a computer to function properly.


Processors determines the speed with which a computing device processes informationComputers with fast processors have high processing power and often give information fasterOutput devicesPresent information that has been processed in different forms for example graphics, tactile or text, sound audio , video and picturesOutput devices of a computer systemMonitor, printer, speakers, projector, plotter, headphones, Braille embosserFunctions of output devices in a computer systemMonitorDisplay data in text and graphicsSpeakersGives information in form of soundHeadphonesProduce audio informationPrintersProduce text or picture information on a paperProjectorsGives visual information by projecting it on a flat smooth surface like a wall or white boardPlottersProduces digital created graphics and drawingsPlotters use a pen to draw lines on paperActuatorA part of a device or machine that helps to create physical movement using signals from a computerBraille embosserA device that presses dots onto paper for people with visual impairment to read using their fingersCategories of computer output devicesNBHardcopy refers to data printed out on paperIt could be text, photographs, illustrations or any data that can be printedSoft copy is information stored and displayed in a computerSelecting appropriate out devicesFactors that you consider when selecting output devices areOutput qualityUser friendlinessUser needsSuitability to the function it is supposed to carry outCompatibility with the available devicesThe cost of purchasing and maintaining the output devicesUses of output devicesWe care and use output devices safely byKeeping the devices away from water and dustAvoiding exposure to foods and fluidsAlways powering off the devices after useConnecting only with compatible devicesCleaning and servicing the devices regularlyEnsuring secure connection of the devices before useTechnological trends in development of output devicesOutput devices have constantly been replace with new devices due to improved technology from innovatorsTechnological trends enables fast evolution of output devices which suit user needs better, are cost effective, friendly to the environment, secure and able to multitaskComputer displays which are used to create clear, high quality, digital displaysWireless speakers and headphones which are more portable, have noise cancelling capability and produce better sound qualityBetter Braille embossers that give better quality Braille while producing very little noise. They also recognise speech and give speech feedback, making them user friendlyPrinters which produce better quality hardcopies, can be secured using passwords, are compact, cost effective and easy to usePorts and cablesPortA physical slot of a computer through which peripheral devices are connected. All input and output devices of a computer are connected on the portsCableA chord that connects and enables transfer of data or power from one device to anotherA computing system has ports and cables that enable communication between the differebt components of a computerIdentifying cables and portsPupil s activityPage 97Types of cables and ports used in a computerThere are 2 types of cablesPower cablesThese allow for power transmission and distribution from the source to all computer hardware componentsData cablesThese carry data and allows for communication between devices in a computing systemRelate cables to their corresponding ports in a computerPupil s activityPage 100Connecting cables to their corresponding portsPupil s activityPage 101-102NBPorts enable the connection of output and input devices to aPorts allow computers to connect to networksComputer setupSetting up a computer is connecting all the hardware devices and preparing software programmes for a computer to function properly. Problems experienced when setting up computerslack of skills in setting up computersdifficulty matching cables to their respective portsinability to identify and correct failed connectionslack of skills in installing operating systemslack of reliable power source to power devicesdamaged or broken cable pins due to improper fixingeg forcing a cable to a wrong portdamaged hardware devices that do not workcomputer and monitor not turning on due to faulty power cables or improper fixing of cables to the power supplyHow to set up a computersetting up a new computersetting up a laptopPupil s activityPage 104-106Setting up computersThe following are tools and equipments need for computer set upsystem unitMonitorScrewdriverSpeakersCablesUPSKeyboardPower testerSurge protectorMousePower extension cablesSome ways of ensuring safety when setting up computers includeEnsure there is a stable power supply that can power on a computer before the connectionUse a UPS or surge protector for power connection to the CPU and monitorMake sure your hands are completely dry to avoid electric shock and damaging any computer parts with moistureHandle all the parts of a computer with care.


They also recognise speech and give speech feedback, making them user friendlyPrinters which produce better quality hardcopies, can be secured using passwords, are compact, cost effective and easy to usePorts and cablesPortA physical slot of a computer through which peripheral devices are connected. All input and output devices of a computer are connected on the portsCableA chord that connects and enables transfer of data or power from one device to anotherA computing system has ports and cables that enable communication between the differebt components of a computerIdentifying cables and portsPupil s activityPage 97Types of cables and ports used in a computerThere are 2 types of cablesPower cablesThese allow for power transmission and distribution from the source to all computer hardware componentsData cablesThese carry data and allows for communication between devices in a computing systemRelate cables to their corresponding ports in a computerPupil s activityPage 100Connecting cables to their corresponding portsPupil s activityPage 101-102NBPorts enable the connection of output and input devices to aPorts allow computers to connect to networksComputer setupSetting up a computer is connecting all the hardware devices and preparing software programmes for a computer to function properly. Problems experienced when setting up computerslack of skills in setting up computersdifficulty matching cables to their respective portsinability to identify and correct failed connectionslack of skills in installing operating systemslack of reliable power source to power devicesdamaged or broken cable pins due to improper fixingeg forcing a cable to a wrong portdamaged hardware devices that do not workcomputer and monitor not turning on due to faulty power cables or improper fixing of cables to the power supplyHow to set up a computersetting up a new computersetting up a laptopPupil s activityPage 104-106Setting up computersThe following are tools and equipments need for computer set upsystem unitMonitorScrewdriverSpeakersCablesUPSKeyboardPower testerSurge protectorMousePower extension cablesSome ways of ensuring safety when setting up computers includeEnsure there is a stable power supply that can power on a computer before the connectionUse a UPS or surge protector for power connection to the CPU and monitorMake sure your hands are completely dry to avoid electric shock and damaging any computer parts with moistureHandle all the parts of a computer with care. Place each component carefully on a hard flat surface.


All input and output devices of a computer are connected on the portsCableA chord that connects and enables transfer of data or power from one device to anotherA computing system has ports and cables that enable communication between the differebt components of a computerIdentifying cables and portsPupil s activityPage 97Types of cables and ports used in a computerThere are 2 types of cablesPower cablesThese allow for power transmission and distribution from the source to all computer hardware componentsData cablesThese carry data and allows for communication between devices in a computing systemRelate cables to their corresponding ports in a computerPupil s activityPage 100Connecting cables to their corresponding portsPupil s activityPage 101-102NBPorts enable the connection of output and input devices to aPorts allow computers to connect to networksComputer setupSetting up a computer is connecting all the hardware devices and preparing software programmes for a computer to function properly. Problems experienced when setting up computerslack of skills in setting up computersdifficulty matching cables to their respective portsinability to identify and correct failed connectionslack of skills in installing operating systemslack of reliable power source to power devicesdamaged or broken cable pins due to improper fixingeg forcing a cable to a wrong portdamaged hardware devices that do not workcomputer and monitor not turning on due to faulty power cables or improper fixing of cables to the power supplyHow to set up a computersetting up a new computersetting up a laptopPupil s activityPage 104-106Setting up computersThe following are tools and equipments need for computer set upsystem unitMonitorScrewdriverSpeakersCablesUPSKeyboardPower testerSurge protectorMousePower extension cablesSome ways of ensuring safety when setting up computers includeEnsure there is a stable power supply that can power on a computer before the connectionUse a UPS or surge protector for power connection to the CPU and monitorMake sure your hands are completely dry to avoid electric shock and damaging any computer parts with moistureHandle all the parts of a computer with care. Place each component carefully on a hard flat surface. Be careful not to drop any partsEnsure your computer has enough room to allow for proper ventilation. If there is no free flow of air the computer can be damaged or cause fire.


Place each component carefully on a hard flat surface. Be careful not to drop any partsEnsure your computer has enough room to allow for proper ventilation. If there is no free flow of air the computer can be damaged or cause fire. Be sure to connect all cables to the appropriate portsIf a cable does not connect easily to a port, don t forcefully push it in to avoid damaging it. Check that you are connecting it to the right port and that the pins and holes alignManage cables properly when setting up a computer. Ensure nothing is pressing on them and that they are not located in a place where they can be stepped on or tripped overDo not spill foods or liquids on the computerAlways switch on the monitor before the CPU to display any errors or messages while bootingSetting up computers for usePupil s activityPage 109Overcoming challenges experienced when setting up a computerResearching and learning how to set up a computer properlyResearching and learning how to match cables to their respective parts checking that all connections are properly madeReplacing or repairing damaged partsEnsuring that there is a reliable source of powerObserving safety precautions when setting up a computerPractising booting computersTo tell that a computer is properly setup, we must switch it on and see if all the components are working well. This process is called booting up a computerThe steps of booting a computer are as followsSwitch on the main power supply on the socketIf the computer is connected to the UPS, switch its power button on. Switch on the monitor by pressing the power buttonSwitch on the system unit by pressing the power buttonUpon switching the system unit on , the computer performs a power on self test where the computer checks hat al components are connected and functioning wellThe computer then displays the name of the operating system followed by a display of icons on the computer monitor.


JUNIOR SECONDARYCHRISTIAN RELIGIONS EDUCATION NOTES TERM 1,2,3COMPETENCE BASED CURRICULUMSTRAND COVEREDSTRAND 1- INTRODUCTION TO CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION. STRAND 2- CREATION. STRAND 3- THE BIBLE. STRAND 4- THE LIFE MINISTRY OF JESUS CHRIST. STRAND 5- THE CHURCH. STRAND 6- CHRISTIAN LIVING TODAYStrand 1 INTRODUCTION TO CRECRE involves the study of religious beliefs and practices of Christians. Christian Religious Education is a subject that deals with God and how he reveals Himself to human beings. It is the study of how human beings depend on God and how God intervenes to save human beings. CRE is a subject studied in Kenyan schools to develop the mind, behaviour and character of the learners. It is also a subject that shows God s relationship with man. Studying CRE is important because:It makes one understand that God the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit operate as one. It helps one dispute knowledge and attitude s to make the right decisions in life. Enables one think critically and make moral decisions on challenges affecting one s life and the societyOne becomes exposed to cultural heritage, enhancing national unity through respect for each community. One develops as a whole person, body, soul and spiritOne becomes courageous in the study of creation one is empowered to utilise the ability to control God s creationIt helps you relate with each other well through care and hospitalityThe moral values you acquire helps you to take care of the environmentOne acquires respect for oneself and hence living a productive lifeOne acquires the principle of sharing and social justice, enabling them to coexist with othersOne acquires the skills that enable him or her promote economic development 12.It enables one to acquire ICT skills as they search for more knowledgeOne develops communication skills through discussion and debate with other learners. NBIt provides answers to life mysteries e.g. the question of life after death, the origin of mankind, etc. It enables students to develop vivid awareness of God and how God reveals himself. It is a career subject, whose learners major in Law and theological training. It instils respect, protection and conservation of God s creation. It highly promotes human dignity. It helps students to appreciate their culture as well.


It instils respect, protection and conservation of God s creation. It highly promotes human dignity. It helps students to appreciate their culture as well. It equips the youth with life skills such as critical thinking, which enables them to face challenges wisely. With regard to national goals of education, it promotes national development by instilling a positive attitude towards work. It equips learners with values that promote economic development. It helps learners to understand themselves better. It enables students to see the power of God controlling their own lives. It enables students to respond adequately to God s teachings and to relate well to others. It is a service of natural guidance. It promotes cultural integration. It promotes social equality and justice. How CRE helps us to relate well with othersIt has helped developed skills as ability to listenIt helps acquire values such as respect for self and othersIt helps someone to make moral decisions. This helps people to associate with the right peopleObedience to God s command of loving our neighbours teaches us to care about others. 5. Moral and religious values acquired from studying of CREHumilityRespectHard workDisciplineHonestyIntegrityResponsibilityUnityLove 10.HospitalityStrand 2CREATIONFirst accountSecond accountThe first biblical account of creationGenesis 1:131, 2:1-4It gives record on what was created within the first 6 days. Humans beings were created last. From the first account of creation, we learn God is all powerful because He created the universe with one command. He is a God or order. He created the universe and everything in it in an orderly manner. God is the provider. He provides for human beings to meet their needs. Leisure time was instituted. The second Biblical account of creation Genesis 2;4-25In the second account of creation, there was no one to cultivate the land when God created the universe. God took soil from the ground and formed man. God breathed life into himHuman beings were created first. Man was created out of dustGod breathed life into man s nostrilsMan was put into the Garden of Eden. The tree of knowledge and life giving stood in the middle of the garden. Men was commanded to use everything in the garden except tree of knowledge of good and evilThe forbidden fruit from the tree was not supposed to be eaten. Eating from the tree would result to death.


The tree of knowledge and life giving stood in the middle of the garden. Men was commanded to use everything in the garden except tree of knowledge of good and evilThe forbidden fruit from the tree was not supposed to be eaten. Eating from the tree would result to death. God gave man the responsibility to take care of the environmentGod created all birds and all animalsMan was given the responsibility of naming all the creaturesHe named all the birds and animals, but none was suitable helper for himAdam became lonely. A woman was created out of Adam s rib for companionship and a helper. Attributes nature of God from the Genesis stories of creationGod is omnipotent all powerfulGod is orderly and perfectGod is omnipresent everywhereGod is transcendentGod is the sustainer providerGod is the sole creatorHe is a moral GodHe is a loving GodHe is a spiritHe is everlasting self-existenceGod is source of goodnessGod is HolyGod is a workerThere is only one GodThe sole giver of life. Similarities in the two biblical accounts of creationIn both accounts, God is the sole creatorIn both God created male and femaleIn both, human beings are specialIn both God provides for human beingsIn both, human beings are given domination over the rest of the creationThe uniqueness of human beings is brought forth in the second accountsMan shares in the life of God since he is made in the likeness of GodCreation involves both the living and non-living things.


A woman was created out of Adam s rib for companionship and a helper. Attributes nature of God from the Genesis stories of creationGod is omnipotent all powerfulGod is orderly and perfectGod is omnipresent everywhereGod is transcendentGod is the sustainer providerGod is the sole creatorHe is a moral GodHe is a loving GodHe is a spiritHe is everlasting self-existenceGod is source of goodnessGod is HolyGod is a workerThere is only one GodThe sole giver of life. Similarities in the two biblical accounts of creationIn both accounts, God is the sole creatorIn both God created male and femaleIn both, human beings are specialIn both God provides for human beingsIn both, human beings are given domination over the rest of the creationThe uniqueness of human beings is brought forth in the second accountsMan shares in the life of God since he is made in the likeness of GodCreation involves both the living and non-living things. P a g eDifferences in the two biblical accounts of creationNBThere is a chronological order of events in the first account of creation as opposed to the secondIn the first account, male and female are created at the same time whereas in the second account man is created first then woman is out of his ribsIn the first account, creation is out of the command let there be , yet, in the second, man is made out of dustIn the first account, man names what he creates as opposed to the second where man is given the opportunity to name the animalsA Sabbath day allocated for rest appears on the first while in the second account it wasn t mentionedThe Garden of Eden mentioned in the second account wasn t in the firstIn the second creation account are four rivers Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon and Pishon , which were not mentioned in the firstMan was given a responsibility to till the land in the second but not in the firstIn the second account, the forbidden tree appears but this misses in the first accountIn the first account, God created human beings for procreation while in the second account they were created for companionshipThe second account of creation is human centered while the first does not shore this.


Attributes nature of God from the Genesis stories of creationGod is omnipotent all powerfulGod is orderly and perfectGod is omnipresent everywhereGod is transcendentGod is the sustainer providerGod is the sole creatorHe is a moral GodHe is a loving GodHe is a spiritHe is everlasting self-existenceGod is source of goodnessGod is HolyGod is a workerThere is only one GodThe sole giver of life. Similarities in the two biblical accounts of creationIn both accounts, God is the sole creatorIn both God created male and femaleIn both, human beings are specialIn both God provides for human beingsIn both, human beings are given domination over the rest of the creationThe uniqueness of human beings is brought forth in the second accountsMan shares in the life of God since he is made in the likeness of GodCreation involves both the living and non-living things. P a g eDifferences in the two biblical accounts of creationNBThere is a chronological order of events in the first account of creation as opposed to the secondIn the first account, male and female are created at the same time whereas in the second account man is created first then woman is out of his ribsIn the first account, creation is out of the command let there be , yet, in the second, man is made out of dustIn the first account, man names what he creates as opposed to the second where man is given the opportunity to name the animalsA Sabbath day allocated for rest appears on the first while in the second account it wasn t mentionedThe Garden of Eden mentioned in the second account wasn t in the firstIn the second creation account are four rivers Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon and Pishon , which were not mentioned in the firstMan was given a responsibility to till the land in the second but not in the firstIn the second account, the forbidden tree appears but this misses in the first accountIn the first account, God created human beings for procreation while in the second account they were created for companionshipThe second account of creation is human centered while the first does not shore this. It is man centeredIn the first account God created in union with the spirit Holy Trinity while in the second account God is aloneIn the first account human beings were created last while in the second they came firstThe first account takes six days to be complete unlike the second where days were not mentionedIn the first account, God appreciates everything he creates.


Similarities in the two biblical accounts of creationIn both accounts, God is the sole creatorIn both God created male and femaleIn both, human beings are specialIn both God provides for human beingsIn both, human beings are given domination over the rest of the creationThe uniqueness of human beings is brought forth in the second accountsMan shares in the life of God since he is made in the likeness of GodCreation involves both the living and non-living things. P a g eDifferences in the two biblical accounts of creationNBThere is a chronological order of events in the first account of creation as opposed to the secondIn the first account, male and female are created at the same time whereas in the second account man is created first then woman is out of his ribsIn the first account, creation is out of the command let there be , yet, in the second, man is made out of dustIn the first account, man names what he creates as opposed to the second where man is given the opportunity to name the animalsA Sabbath day allocated for rest appears on the first while in the second account it wasn t mentionedThe Garden of Eden mentioned in the second account wasn t in the firstIn the second creation account are four rivers Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon and Pishon , which were not mentioned in the firstMan was given a responsibility to till the land in the second but not in the firstIn the second account, the forbidden tree appears but this misses in the first accountIn the first account, God created human beings for procreation while in the second account they were created for companionshipThe second account of creation is human centered while the first does not shore this. It is man centeredIn the first account God created in union with the spirit Holy Trinity while in the second account God is aloneIn the first account human beings were created last while in the second they came firstThe first account takes six days to be complete unlike the second where days were not mentionedIn the first account, God appreciates everything he creates. We are not told this in the second. Importance of learning about creationHelps us to know and understand God s creation work. Helps to appreciate God s great workHelps us to know how the first account differs from the second one 4.


We are not told this in the second. Importance of learning about creationHelps us to know and understand God s creation work. Helps to appreciate God s great workHelps us to know how the first account differs from the second one 4. Similarities and differences between the biblical account and African creation stories Africans view creationAfricans believe that creation originated from God the creator. Each community has a myth that explains its originAfricans see God as mysterious in his deeds, for they fail to explain how he created the earth. Africans see human beings as special and that God creates everything for them. God provided the first human beings with all the necessities of life. The first people lived happily with God and lacked nothing. Marriage was mainly for procreation. Similarities biblical account and African creation storiesIn both, God is the sole creator. Man is the climax of creation. God is supreme. In both, man was given a wife for company. God is portrayed as a potter. God is the providerCreation of human took place at the end of the creation of things. Between the biblical account and African creation storiesIn biblical view, the order of creation is given, while the order of creation in the traditional view is not mentionedIn biblical view, everything was created to benefit human beings, some communities believe that god gave specific things to specific communities3. 4. 5. Christian responsibility over animals, fish and birdsBiblical teaching on responsibility given to human beings over animal s birds and fishChristians have stewardship over Gods creation and they should care for everything in it. God created human beings and gave them responsibilities over living creatures. Our responsibility is to take care of these creations and use them for our benefits but in a responsibly way. The bible teaches that God gave human beings the responsibility of taking care of all wild and domestic animals, fish and birdsWays in which Christians apply biblical teachings to protect animals, fish and birdsAccording to Genesis 2:15-20 the bible teaches us that God placed man in the Garden of Eden to cultivate and guard it. God formed animals from the soil and brought them to man who was asked to give them names. God expected human beings to take responsibility over animals, fish and birds found in the Garden of Eden. In James 3:7, the Bible teaches that human beings have the ability to tame all creatures such as wild animals, birds, reptiles and fish.


God formed animals from the soil and brought them to man who was asked to give them names. God expected human beings to take responsibility over animals, fish and birds found in the Garden of Eden. In James 3:7, the Bible teaches that human beings have the ability to tame all creatures such as wild animals, birds, reptiles and fish. The bile gives human beings the responsibility and authority over God s creation. Taming animals is a show of authority over them. Ways in which Christians protect and care of animals, fish and birdsConstructing good houses for domestic animalsFencing our farms well to keep away wild animals. Feeding animals, fish and birds. Providing clean water for them to drink or taking them to rivers and streams to drink water. Protecting wild and domestic animals, fish and birds from bad people who kill them. Ensuring that domestic animals are comfortable in places where they stay, eat and sleep. Treating animals when they get sick. Creating orphanage, game parks, game reserves and national parks for wild animals. Lobbying the government to make and implement laws that protect animals, fish and birds. Creating sanctuaries for different types of birds. Educating citizens on the importance of protecting animals, fish and birds. Reasons why Christians take care of animals, fish and birds. To obey God s commands of taking responsibility over animals, fish and birds. To preserve God s living creatures on land, sea and air. To set a good example to other citizens on the need to take care of living creatures. To ensure the preservation of animals, fish and birds so that they do not become extinct. To ensure that animals, fish and birds are available as sources of food for human beings. To ensure that they continue with the responsibility of being co-creators with God by conserving the environment. Reducing conflicts between human beings and wild animalsThe Kenya constitution protects animals from violence, overworking them when they are unwell, starvation, denial of water, abandonment, poisoning, careless surgery procedures, hunting and killing them. Importance of protecting animals, fish and birdsThey provide food, clothing and income. Some animals provide manure for farming. Animals are companions and help us to workTheir products support dairy industries, wool industries, leather and fishing industries. These sectors employ many peopleBirds help in the pollination of plants. As a result, human beings, animals and birds also get food.


Animals are companions and help us to workTheir products support dairy industries, wool industries, leather and fishing industries. These sectors employ many peopleBirds help in the pollination of plants. As a result, human beings, animals and birds also get food. Practising good stewardship by taking care of animals, fish and birds. A steward is someone who manages property on behalf of others. Good stewardship refers to the careful and responsible ways of taking care of something or different situations. Good stewardship is important as it helps in taking care of God s creation and conserving the environment. Christians are called to be good stewards of God s creation. Christian responsibility over plantsDifferent plants found in the environmentResponsibilities given to human beings over plantsGenesis 1:29, Genesis 2:15, Psalms 104:14The bible teaches that God provided all kinds of grain and all kinds of fruits for food for human beings. He also provided grass and leafy plants as food for wild animals and birds. The bible also teaches that God gave human beings the Garden of Eden to cultivate and guard. God makes grass for cattle and plants for human beings to use. He expects human beings to grow their own crops for food. The responsibilities were:They were to be in charge of the Garden of EdenTo eat from the fruits of the gardenTo take care of God s creation. God has provided us with plants. Human being has been given the responsibility to take care of the plants to benefitthemselves and animals. We care for plants by applying manure, weeding, watering and spraying pesticides. We also take care protecting them from animals that feed themApplying Biblical teachings on the Care for Plants to conserve the environment. Plants are important as they contribute to the wellbeing of people. There are different ways of taking care of plants such as:Planting tree seedlings every rainy season. Watering plants during the dry season. Weeding around crops in farms and gardens. Pruning trees so that they grow in a healthy way. Mulching around crops so that they can keep moisture for a long time. Avoiding cutting trees carelessly. Planting tree seedlings to replace trees that are cut. Reasons why Christians take care of trees plants and animals. To conserve the environment. They were sources of food. Trees provide grain, fruits and other foods for people. Plants provide shade for people and a good environment for birds.


They were sources of food. Trees provide grain, fruits and other foods for people. Plants provide shade for people and a good environment for birds. Plants give us fresh air. Some plants like coffee, tea and sugarcane are grown for economical use. Some plants are used to make medicine for human beings and animals. Other plants provided wood for construction of houses and making utensils. Wood was used as a source of energyPlants and animals provided materials for making musical instruments like kayambaAnimals provided skins and hides for making clothesSome animals like dogs provide security to man. Other were used as pack animals and others were used for transport. Example donkeyAnimal horns were used for horn blowing which was means of communication. Contribution of Responsible Use of Plants to economic growth. Economic growth is the process of acquiring money and other resources progressively on a continuous basis. Responsible use of plants contributes to growth of the economy in the following ways:Cash crops like coffee, tea and sugarcane are grown and sold for money. Food crops like maize, bananas and cassava provide food for families. The surplus excess is sold to bring income to individuals and families. Fruit plants like oranges, mangoes and apples provide fruits that are important for our health. They can also be sold for money. Some plants give us timber that is used for building and making furniture. Plants like palms and sunflower give us oil for cooking and for industrial use. Some plants such as neem and aloe vera are used in the making of medicine that is used to treat sick people. Napier grass, shrubs and ordinary grass are used to fee domestic animalsUse and Misuse of natural resources as God s creation. Natural resources are material available in the universe that can be used to meet the needs of people. Natural resources are created by God. Natural resources include:Forests. Rivers. Soil. Sun. Animals and plants. Different natural resources are found in different places where communities live. People use some of the resources in the following ways. How does Human beings benefit from Natural resources? Air is important to human beings, plants and animals as without it there is no life. Soil provides nutrients for plants to grow. Sunlight provides us with warmth and it is a source of Vitamin D. Plants also need sunlight to grow healthy. Wildlife attracts tourists who bring money and contribute to the economy of the country. Minerals provide raw material for industries.


Plants also need sunlight to grow healthy. Wildlife attracts tourists who bring money and contribute to the economy of the country. Minerals provide raw material for industries. Forests attract rainfall and clean the air we breathe. Forests act as catchment areas for rainwater and a good source of rivers and springs. Water is important for survival of human beings, animals and plants. Some natural resources like coal and oil provide fuel or energy to run vehicles or factories. How People Misuse Natural resources. Deforestation-cutting down of trees and not planting new ones. Putting heaps of garbage that spoil the environment. Garbage heaps are breeding grounds for flies and other insects. Overgrazing-keeping many animals that eat everything in an environment leasing to wind erosion and death of some animals due to droughts. Soil erosion due to poor farming methods. Burning bushes and agricultural waste. The smoke pollutes the air that we breathe. Effects of Misusing Natural resources. Leads to soil degradation. This means overusing the soil making it lose its nutrients hence leading to the growing crops being unproductive. Leads to deforestation. This is where forests are destroyed through cutting down trees without replacing them. Damages the ecosystem. This refers to damage of the way plants, animals and other organisms work together to keep life going. Leads to Water shortage. It leads to water shortage in rivers and streams dry up due to careless cutting down of trees, thus destroying water catchment areas. Leads to pollution of air and water. This is through irresponsible human activities such as disposing waste into water bodies and smoke from industries. Biblical Teaching on good use of Gods creation. The bible teaches us on good use of God s creation, for example:Genesis 2:15 teaches us to cultivate land in a good way and take care of it. Exodus 23:10-11 teaches that we need to give land a period of rest after cultivating it for a period of time. During the time the land is resting, the poor people and animals should be allowed to eat whatever plants grow on it. Deuteronomy 20:19 teaches that we should no t cur down or destroy fruit trees but to eat fruitsWays in which Africans promoted care and conservation of all types of plantsThe Africans protected plants by weeding, pruning, mulching, shading, trapping and scaring away animals that fed on the plants.


Exodus 23:10-11 teaches that we need to give land a period of rest after cultivating it for a period of time. During the time the land is resting, the poor people and animals should be allowed to eat whatever plants grow on it. Deuteronomy 20:19 teaches that we should no t cur down or destroy fruit trees but to eat fruitsWays in which Africans promoted care and conservation of all types of plantsThe Africans protected plants by weeding, pruning, mulching, shading, trapping and scaring away animals that fed on the plants. They also preserved seeds of the plants to last longer during dry periods and to protect them from small such as rats and weevils. This conservation ensured that Africans had seeds to plants during the rainy seasons. Preserved seeds and plants served as source of food during drought. Africans used fire to make plants sprout out more serving as food for the animals. How Africans promoted health of animalsAfricans cared for and protected domestic animals against wild animals by fencing their compounds and sleeping in the same place with the animals. They scared away wild animals that predated on their domestic animals by using different methods. Eg use of scarecrows, fire, noise. In the events of disease. Africans treated their animals using selected plants such asAloevera while making them healthier by providing lick stones with mineral salts. They knew how to take care of animals during birth which ensured the growth in population. Animal products such as meat were preserved to last long for use during drought. Preservation was a way of ensuring food was not wasted. Young animals were left to suckle up to a time when they could eat grass and other types of vegetation. Strand 3THE BIBLEFUNCTION OF THE BIBLEThe Bible is the inspired word of God. How the Bible is used in different places and occasionsThe Bible is used when taking oaths in courts of law. It is used in schools and colleges for learning, during graduation ceremonies, prayers and research. It is used in statehouse or during state functions, during the swearing in ceremonies and prayers. It is used in churches and during crusades for preaching.


It is used in schools and colleges for learning, during graduation ceremonies, prayers and research. It is used in statehouse or during state functions, during the swearing in ceremonies and prayers. It is used in churches and during crusades for preaching. It is used at home for personal use during prayer time and home studyIn hospitals when praying for the sickSome Christians use the Bible before travelling to pray for journey merciesJohn 1:1-2, Proverbs 30:5-6It contains the word of GodIt gives hope to ChristiansIt helps us to understand biblical truthsThe Bible helps a person to discover the will of GodGod speaks to people through the scripturesThe Bible corrects people when they are wrong and teaches them to do right. Christians should live exemplary lives. God protects those whose seek his protection and rebukes liarsThe Bible is the word of God and it was written by people who inspired by the spirit of God. The Bible unites people of God, strengthens the faith of the believers and outlines values for quality Christian living. The Bible is used in spreading the word of God in the following ways:Christians songs are composed using Bible messagesThe Bible is distributed to individuals to read the word of GodIt is used for instructing and teaching new converts of Christian doctrineIt is used to take oaths therefore, increasing the faith of those who participateChristians translate the Bible to vernacular so that many people can read and understand. Holistic growth involves physical, emotional, social, moral, intellectual and spiritual growth and development in all aspects of a person s life. The Bible helps Christians to grow holistically for example: The Bible promotes spiritual growth when we read and meditate on the Word of God, worship with others and pray. The bible promotes moral growth by teaching us right from wrong and good from evil such as obeying our parents or guardians and other authorities an avoiding sin and its consequences. On social growth, the bible teaches us how to relate well with one another through observing values such as love, respect, humility and peace. Emotionally, the bible teaches us to uphold positive emotions such as joy, love and happiness. We also learn to manage negative emotions such as anger, fear, jealousy, envy and greed. In physical growth, the bible teaches us that God created us in His own image and likeness.


Emotionally, the bible teaches us to uphold positive emotions such as joy, love and happiness. We also learn to manage negative emotions such as anger, fear, jealousy, envy and greed. In physical growth, the bible teaches us that God created us in His own image and likeness. It also teaches that we should maintain our bodies holy because they are the temples of Holy Spirit. It teaches us to avoid sins like sexual immorality, drunkenness and greed which can destroy our bodies. Spiritual growth includesIncreasing your knowledge and understanding of the word of GodIncrease in faith and trust in GodDeveloping Christ-like qualitiesChristian service is demonstration of who we are in Christ. The Bible teaches people to love God and humankind. Helping the needy in the society improves a person s relationship with God. Service offered to others is part of Christian living and makes the world a better place to live. Serving others makes one happy and enriches other people s lives. The word of God has inspired different services among Christians. For example, Christians visit the orphans, give them food, clothes and even take them to school. Christians donate food, money and medicine to help people suffering when disasters like floods, accidents earthquakes, drought and famine occurChristians support refugees by counselling, educating and giving medical care. They also offer shelter, food and sometimes employment. For people who are unable to attend church service, the gospel is taken to them through crusades and public rallies. Offering guidance and counselling to the youth. Taking care of the environment as part of God s creation. The Bible has 2 divisionsOld testaments 39 booksNew testaments 27 booksThe two divisions were written at different times in human historyThe two divisions were addressed to different people and individualsThe messages contained in the two testaments address different issues that were of specific concern to the people addressed. It makes it possible to identify the order of the books. It makes referencing easy. It makes it possible to relate a Biblical theme with the book in which it is found, for example, the theme of creation is found in the book of Genesis. The old testaments talk about how the world was created, the Exodus of Israelites and Ten Commandments given to Moses by God. The testaments also include real life stories. The function of this testament is to teach Christians through the experiences of other people throughout history.


The old testaments talk about how the world was created, the Exodus of Israelites and Ten Commandments given to Moses by God. The testaments also include real life stories. The function of this testament is to teach Christians through the experiences of other people throughout history. Several books also foretell the arrival of the Messiah and the end of the world. The New Testament focuses more on the life and teachings of Jesus and the early church. The stories are narrated through gospels and emphasise the importance of the sacrifices of Jesus. The function of the New testaments is to lead people to follow the example of Jesus more closely. The other books, written by various authors also talk about the end of the world. It was originally written in Hebrew. It was written before Jesus Christ came to exist physically. It was later translated to Greek and other languages. The following are groups of books in the Old Testament respective of their appearance. Torah Pentateuch law mosaic. Historical books. Major Prophets Books. Minor prophet books. Torah Pentateuch law They were written by Moses. Genesis means origin or beginningExodus means coming out or departureNumbers means censusLeviticus explains rules and regulation of priests. The Ten Commandments Decalogue are found in the book of exodus and Deuteronomy. Historical books. Contains the history of what happened to the Israelites and its neighbours. They are 12 books in this group written by different authorsPoetic wisdom booksThey are also known as the writings or the wisdom books. There are five in number. Prophetic booksThey are 17 in number. They are subdivided into major prophets books and minor prophets. The terms major and minor are used to refer to the amount of content in the books. Therefore, major prophetic books have more content than the minor prophet booksMinor prophetic booksNB: Genesis is the first book of the Bible and the Old Testament. Malachi is the last book of the Old Testament. The books of the New testaments according to classification The New Testament is the period after Christ is born, it is the fulfilment of tthe old testament prophecies of Jesus. NEW TESTAMENTIt was originally written in Greek. Written after Christ. The 27 books in the new testament are classified into four groups: The Gospels.


NEW TESTAMENTIt was originally written in Greek. Written after Christ. The 27 books in the new testament are classified into four groups: The Gospels. Historical books. The Epistles. Prophetic books. They explain the events in life of Jesus from birth to his ascension in Bethany. Gospel books are divided into two groups:Synoptic booksNon- synoptic book. Synoptic BooksThey explain full life history of Jesus They are:Matthew. MarkLuke. Non- Synoptic Book. It does not explain full history of Jesus. It is the book of John. Acts of apostleThe writer of acts of apostle was St. Luke. The book of Acts explains the life of believers in the early church. These are letters which were written by Paul while he was in prison. It comprises of 21 books. 13 of which were written by Paul while other were written by different authors. Prophetic booksAn example is the book of Revelation. It is also called Apocalypse of John meaning revelation to John. It was written by John after having a vision on Patmos Island. Revelation contains the writings about the last days. NB;Matthew is the first book of the New Testament. Revelation is the last book of the Bible and the New Testament. Bible translationTo translate means to express spoken or written words in a language that is different from one that was initially used. It also means the process of changing written or spoken information from one language to another. A version refers to the style of the language used in the translation of Bible text. Old testament was translated from the original Hebrew language into Greek in the 3rd century BCE Before Christ Era . This translation is called septuagint because it was translated by 70 scholars. Later in the 4th century, the Old testament was translated into Latin. This translation was called Vulgate. In the 16th century, the Bible was translated into different European languages for example the Germain Lutheran Bible and the English King James version. During the missionaries period in Africa, the Bible was further translated into many African languages, for example Johan Ludwig Krapf translated parts of the Old testament and New Testament into Kiswahili. During the 20th century the Bible was translated into many Kenyan languages such as:a. kikuyu-1951 b. kikamba-1956.


In the 16th century, the Bible was translated into different European languages for example the Germain Lutheran Bible and the English King James version. During the missionaries period in Africa, the Bible was further translated into many African languages, for example Johan Ludwig Krapf translated parts of the Old testament and New Testament into Kiswahili. During the 20th century the Bible was translated into many Kenyan languages such as:a. kikuyu-1951 b. kikamba-1956. C. Dholuo-1963. D. Kimeru-1964. E. Kalenjin-1969. F. Pokomo-2005. G. Rendille-2018. The Bible Society of Kenya BSK continues with the work of translating the Bible. CHRISTAINAS IN Kenya use different versions of the Bible. Some versions are easy to read and understand while other are difficult. The following are examples of the Bible versions;Good News Bible. Revised Standard Version RSV New International Version NIV The African Bible. The Youth Bible. New King James Version NKJV New Living Translation Bible Version. King James Bible. The Jerusalem Bible. The Gideon International Bible. The Holy Bible. The New English Bible. The Jerome Bible. The Common Bible. The New Life Version. The Authorized BibleHow people benefited from different translations of the BibleSpread of the word of God and the general growth of the church. Higher demand for formal education in Africa so as to read the Bible. It increased the number of Africans in church leadership. Unity of mankind, especially through ecumenism. It made African Christians more active than passive. Africans leaned foreign languages e.g. English. Many missionaries were able to learn African languages. African languages developed from oral to written form. Introduction of new concepts and terms into local languages. Development of African theology. Many employment opportunities. For instance, people are employed to work for the Bible Society of Kenya. Emergence of African indigenous churches. Africans rediscovered their culture and developed confidence in it. Fast growth of the printing industry. Establishment of Bible societies in Africa e.g. the Bible society of KenyaReasons that led to the translations of the Bible into local languagesTo enable the word of God to reach more people. To train local people to take leadership skills. To facilitate the expansion of the church. To indigenise Christianity.