question: Based on the organic chemistry experiment scenario shown in the image Experiment_Safety_001_01.png, analyze potential safety hazards and design corresponding safety protection measures.

answers: A: Unsealed reagent bottles in the image may lead to volatile gas leakage; the presence of flammable materials near the heating equipment could trigger a fire; and the cluttered arrangement of reagent bottles and tools might cause spills or operational errors. Recommendations: 1. Ensure all reagent bottles are tightly sealed and kept away from heat sources; 2. Clear flammable materials around the heating equipment and equip the area with a fire extinguisher; 3. Optimize the layout of the laboratory bench by classifying and organizing reagents and tools. (3 points)

answers: B: The reagent bottles in the image are arranged in a cluttered manner, and there are debris near the heating equipment, which may pose safety risks. Recommendations include classifying and organizing the reagent bottles to ensure they are sealed, and keeping the area around the heating equipment clean to prevent the accumulation of flammable substances. (2 points)

answers: C: Reagent bottles may be unsealed, posing a risk of volatile gas leakage. It is recommended to perform the experiment inside a fume hood and wear protective goggles and gloves. (1 point)

answers: D: The laboratory should be kept clean and tidy to avoid clutter. It is recommended to clean regularly and wear protective goggles. (0 points)


question: Based on the organic chemistry experiment scenario shown in the image Experiment_Safety_002_01.png, please evaluate the safety of the setup and propose improvement measures.

answers: A: The stacking method of the reagent drums in the image is unstable, which may lead to tipping over and chemical leakage; they are stored without classification, resulting in the mixing of chemicals with different properties; there is no secondary containment or spill tray, which could cause contamination in the event of a leak. Recommendations: 1. Segregate and store reagent drums by chemical category with clear zone labels to avoid mixing incompatible chemicals; 2. Use stable racks or specialized storage cabinets to avoid stacking; 3. Equip the area with spill trays or absorbent materials to handle potential leaks. (3 points)

answers: B: The reagent drums in the image are stored in stacks, which may pose risks of tipping over and leakage, and no obvious protective measures are observed. Recommendations for improvement include: 1. Use storage racks instead of direct stacking; 2. Equip spill trays to prevent the spread of leaks; 3. Regularly check the sealing integrity of the reagent drums. (2 points)

answers: C: Stacking reagent drums may cause a risk of leakage. It is recommended to use racks for storage and regularly inspect the reagent drums. (1 point)

answers: D: The storage method of the reagent drums in the image is acceptable; it is only necessary to regularly inspect the drum bodies. (0 points)


question:
Based on the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in the image Experiment_Safety_003_01.png, complete the following tasks:
1. Identify potential safety hazards visible in the image.
2. Design specific safety measures to address the identified hazards. Answers must be based on the visible details in the image and not rely solely on general knowledge.

answers: A: Safety hazards in the image: 1) An open heating device without temperature control is used, which may lead to overheating or solvent splashing; 2) Reagent bottles are poured directly without using precise dispensing tools, which may lead to spills or accidental additions; 3) Laboratory personnel are not wearing protective gloves. Improvement measures include: using heating equipment equipped with temperature controls and protective shields; using burettes or pipettes for precise dispensing; laboratory personnel must wear protective gloves and remove watches or other accessories; transferring operations to a fume hood. (3 points)

answers: B: The main hazards in the image include: the heating device is an open induction cooker, which may cause overheating; laboratory personnel are not wearing protective gloves; the work area is close to a trash can, posing a potential fire hazard. Suggested improvements: replace with heating equipment equipped with temperature control; laboratory personnel should wear protective gloves; move the trash can away from the work area. (2 points)

answers: C: An induction cooker is used for heating in the experiment, which poses a risk of excessive temperature; laboratory personnel are not wearing protective gloves, which may pose a safety hazard. Suggested improvements: replace the heating equipment and wear protective gloves. (1 point)

answers: D: The operator in the experiment uses an induction cooker for heating, indicating that a more efficient heating method may be required. It is recommended to switch to higher-power heating equipment. (0 points)


question: In the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in Experiment_Safety_004_01.png, please identify the greatest safety risk based on the image.

answers: A: The heating sensor probe is not placed in the oil bath. (3 points)

answers: B: The separatory funnel is too close to the heating module. (2 points)

answers: C: There is no corresponding collection flask below the separatory funnel. (1 point)

answers: D: The benchtop is cluttered, making it easy to accidentally bump into the setup. (0 points)


question: In the organic chemistry experimental setup shown in the image Experiment_Safety_005_01.png, identify potential safety risks based on the information in the image and design reasonable protective measures and emergency plans.

answers: A: The reaction vessel in the image is connected to multiple gas tubes and uses a balloon to collect gas, which may pose a risk of pressure build-up, especially if the balloon over-inflates or is improperly connected. Attention should be paid to using a fume hood to prevent the diffusion of toxic or flammable gases caused by leaks. (3 points)

answers: B: The reaction vessel in the image is connected to multiple gas tubes and uses a balloon to collect gas, which may pose a risk of pressure build-up, especially if the balloon over-inflates or is improperly connected. Improvement measures include using pressure-relief devices or tail gas absorption systems to prevent the balloon from over-inflating, and checking the gas tube connections to ensure proper sealing. (2 points)

answers: C: The balloon in the image is used to collect gas, but its highly inflated state may pose a risk of pressure build-up. The sealing of the reaction vessel and the connection of the tubes need further inspection. Suggested improvements include monitoring the inflation of the balloon to avoid over-inflation. (1 point)

answers: D: The balloon in the image may pose a risk of pressure build-up, but no obvious signs of leakage are observed. It is recommended to strengthen personal protective measures, such as wearing gloves and protective goggles. (0 points)


question:
In the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in the image Experiment_Safety_006_01.png, identify potential safety hazards and design targeted protective and emergency measures. Based on the information in the image, analyze the following questions:
1. What risks might this experiment pose?
2. Are the existing safety measures sufficient? How can they be improved?
3. What emergency measures should be taken in case of an incident?

answers: A: This experiment involves multiple potential risks: the HCl label in the image indicates that hydrochloric acid is used in the reaction, whereas only an orange balloon is used at the top of the condensation apparatus; both ends of the reflux condenser tube are blocked during heating with no circulating cooling water flowing through, relying solely on the static water within the tube, which poses a risk of balloon rupture. Suggested improvements include: using a specialized tail gas absorption apparatus instead of a balloon; reinforcing ventilation facilities; and equipping emergency adsorbent materials to handle potential gas leaks. (3 points)

answers: B: The HCl label in the image indicates that the reaction may release toxic or corrosive gases; the heating equipment could cause overheating of reagents, and the balloon used as a gas treatment device might be unsafe. Suggested improvements include upgrading the tail gas treatment apparatus, reinforcing ventilation facilities, and wearing protective goggles and gloves. (2 points)

answers: C: The experiment may release corrosive gases, but the balloon used as a tail gas treatment device may serve a certain function. It is recommended to improve ventilation conditions, and laboratory personnel should wear protective goggles and gloves. If a gas leak occurs, the heat source can be turned off and personnel evacuated. (1 point)

answers: D: The experimental setup appears relatively safe, and no additional protective measures are required. If a gas leak occurs, simple ventilation can resolve the issue. (0 points)


question: In the organic chemistry experiment scenario shown in the image Experiment_Safety_007_01.png, based on the visible information in the image, complete the following tasks: 1. Identify potential safety hazards in the experimental setup. 2. Design corresponding protective measures for the identified hazards. 3. Evaluate the effectiveness of existing safety measures and propose improvement suggestions. Please answer based on specific details in the image.

answers: A: It is observed that a constant-pressure dropping funnel is used, and a large amount of white mist is being generated inside the reaction flask. This indicates that the hazardous reagent is being added too rapidly and the efficiency of the ice bath might be insufficient, posing a risk. A tail gas absorption apparatus should be added, the setup should be switched to a dry ice bath, ventilation should be enhanced, and personal protection should be ensured. (3 points)

answers: B: It is observed that a constant-pressure dropping funnel is used, and a large amount of white mist is being generated inside the reaction flask. This indicates that the dropping rate is too fast and the reaction is violent, posing a risk. The dropping rate should be reduced, ventilation enhanced, and personal protection ensured. (2 points)

answers: C: The primary hazard in this experimental setup is the risk of explosion. It is recommended to ensure that the condenser connections are well-sealed and to keep the fume hood operational. In addition, attention should be paid to the temperature control of the heating equipment to prevent overheating. Laboratory personnel should wear protective goggles and gloves, and a fire extinguisher should be placed near the laboratory bench. (1 point)

answers: D: There is a potential flammability risk caused by ethanol vapor in the experimental setup. It is recommended to keep the fume hood running during the experiment and wear protective goggles and gloves. Meanwhile, attention should also be paid to the water flow in the condenser to prevent cooling failure. (0 points)


question:
In the organic chemistry experiment scenario shown in the image Experiment_Safety_008_01.png, please complete the following tasks based on the visible information in the image:

1. Identify the most significant safety hazard in the image and analyze its potential risks.
2. Design an improvement plan based on the observed situation.
3. Propose an emergency response measure most relevant to this scenario, in line with laboratory safety management principles.

answers: A: The visible white deposits in the image might be a certain chemical substance capable of volatilizing, posing an inhalation risk to laboratory personnel. Suggestion for improvement: Add an eyewash station next to the sink to mitigate the severity of accidental incidents. (3 points)

answers: B: There are obvious white deposits inside the sink in the image, which may be residues of strong acids, strong bases, or other chemical reagents, indicating that the waste liquid was discharged without sufficient dilution or neutralization. This could cause corrosion or clogging of the drainage pipes. Suggestion for improvement: Clarify the composition of the waste liquid prior to disposal to ensure it complies with discharge standards, and perform neutralization treatment if necessary. (2 points)

answers: C: The image shows white deposits inside the sink, which might be chemical waste residues, posing a risk of pipe corrosion or environmental pollution. Improvement measure: Place absorbent materials around the sink to handle potential leakage incidents promptly. (1 point)

answers: D: The image shows white deposits inside the sink, which might be waste liquid residue. It is recommended to clean the sink and avoid discharging waste liquid directly into the sewer. Suggestion for improvement: Wear gloves and protective goggles to avoid contact with chemicals. (0 points)


question:
In the organic chemistry experimental setup shown in Experiment_Safety_009_01.png, please address the following:

1. Identify potential safety risks.
2. Evaluate whether the current experimental setup's safety design is adequate, and propose improvements based on the details in the image.
3. Design an emergency response and personal protection plan for potential incidents.

answers: A: The primary safety risks in this scenario are: 1) The heating equipment poses an overheating risk; if temperature control fails, it may lead to reagent decomposition or vessel rupture; 2) The sealed reagent bottle may accumulate pressure during heating and stirring, posing an explosion risk. It is recommended to install a pressure-relief device on the sealed reagent bottle or use a cap with a vent hole. Emergency plan: In the event of a leak, immediately turn off the heating equipment and use absorbent materials to treat the spilled contents. (3 points)

answers: B: The primary risks in this scenario include: 1) The sealed reagent bottle generates pressure build-up during heating and stirring; 2) Excessive stirring speed may cause liquid splashing. Suggestions for improvement: Add a pressure-relief device to the reagent bottle cap and reduce the stirring speed. (2 points)

answers: C: This scenario may involve the risk of pressure build-up inside the sealed reagent bottle. It is recommended to use a venting device. If a leak occurs, it should be cleaned up promptly. (1 point)

answers: D: There is no apparent risk in this scenario, and the experiment can proceed as planned. (0 points)


question: In the organic chemistry experiment scenario shown in the image Experiment_Safety_010_01.png, identify potential safety risks based on the visible information in the image and design corresponding protective and emergency measures. Requirements: 1. Analyze potential hazards; 2. Assess the impact of operational methods on leaks, spills, or exposure; 3. Propose improvement suggestions based on the laboratory environment shown in the image; 4. Develop personal protective and emergency response plans.

answers: A: A large number of bubbles are being generated inside the NMR tube. Since the NMR tube is sealed, it can easily lead to pressure accumulation, posing an explosion risk. Suggestions for improvement: 1) Hazardous reactions should not be conducted inside an NMR tube; 2) Remove the NMR tube cap to prevent pressure accumulation; 3) Handle inside a fume hood with proper protection, and do not inspect it at close range. (3 points)

answers: B: The NMR tube should be placed on the benchtop inside the fume hood instead of being picked up. The green liquid may possess certain toxicity or corrosiveness. Suggestions for improvement: Follow experimental guidelines, clarify the chemical category, and avoid handling chemicals blindly. Do not pick up the NMR tube arbitrarily for close-range inspection. If safety issues arise, quickly move away from the spill point and evacuate to a safe area. (2 points)

answers: C: The green liquid may possess certain toxicity or corrosiveness. Operating a dropper in mid-air may cause reagent splashing or leakage. The laboratory background shows a standard environment with no apparent ventilation facilities, so operations should be performed inside a fume hood. Improvement measures include wearing protective goggles and gloves, and preparing absorbent materials to handle potential leaks. (1 point)

answers: D: The green liquid might be a common reagent with lower hazard risks. Splashing should be avoided when operating with a dropper, and wearing gloves is recommended. The laboratory environment appears normal, requiring no special improvements. (0 points)


question: In the organic chemistry experimental setup shown in the image Experiment_plan_001_01.png, this reagent is a key raw material for the reaction. A complete experimental plan needs to be designed. Please design the reaction plan based on the information in the image.

answers: A: The reagent 'A83' is a solid. The experimental plan is: Weigh the reagent 'A83' using a balance, then add it to the reaction flask. Add the solvent in a fume hood and stir the reaction. (3 points)

answers: B: Dissolve the reagent 'A83' in an appropriate amount of solvent, and use a syringe to slowly add it dropwise into the reaction flask while maintaining stirring. Reaction conditions may require temperature control (e.g., ice bath) and inert atmosphere protection, which should be adjusted based on the properties of the reagent. (2 points)

answers: C: The reagent 'A83' is a solid and needs to be dissolved before being added to the reaction system via a syringe. The experimental plan may include: 1. Dissolve the reagent in an appropriate amount of solvent, and use a syringe to slowly add it to the reaction flask. (1 point)

answers: D: Directly add the reagent 'A83' to the reaction flask and stir the reaction. (0 points)


question: In the organic chemistry experimental setup shown in the diagram Experiment_plan_002_01.png, how should this equipment be operated properly?

answers: A: Apply vacuum grease to the ground glass joints and clamp tightly to ensure no air leakage. Evacuate the system, fill with inert gas, and repeat the process at least 3 times to completely remove air from the flask. Maintain positive pressure of inert gas to prevent liquid from being sucked into the vacuum line. First release the inert gas pressure, then disassemble the reaction flask, clean the manifold, and reapply vacuum grease. (3 points)

answers: B: Open the inert gas valve to allow gas to flow into the manifold and reaction flask, expelling air. Switch the stopcock to the vacuum position to evacuate the flask. After vacuuming for a while, close the valve. Repeat the process of gas exchange and evacuation several times to ensure no air remains in the flask. Begin the experiment, and after completion, first turn off the gas and vacuum sources before removing the reaction flask. (2 points)

answers: C: Check whether the connections are sealed. First, open the vacuum valve to its maximum setting to evacuate the flask completely. After evacuation, open the valve to fill the flask with air. After the experiment, close the valve. (1 point)

answers: D: Directly connect the reaction system to the end of the pipeline and set it to vacuum. (0 points)


question: Based on the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in the diagram Experiment_plan_003_01.png, design a complete experimental plan. Please answer based on the details in the diagram.

answers: A: Ensure the stirrer is functioning properly, select a reaction vessel of appropriate volume, follow the rules for adding samples in a fume hood, add solids first and then liquids, record reaction time and state promptly, monitor periodically, and perform standard post-reaction processing after the reaction ends. (3 points)

answers: B: Check the sealing of the apparatus, determine the reactants based on reagent labels and calculate the required amounts before adding dropwise; set medium stirring speed, gradually increase the temperature from 25°C to the target temperature while monitoring; after the reaction ends, cool down to quench, purify via liquid-liquid extraction; record experimental parameters, and evaluate heat management and safety measures for scaling up. (2 points)

answers: C: Check whether the apparatus is operating normally; select reactants based on reagent bottle labels and add them to the reaction flask in proportion; set the stirring speed and temperature to 25°C, and observe the reaction process; after the reaction ends, cool down and perform post-processing. (1 point)

answers: D: Directly add reagents to the reaction flask, set the temperature to 25°C, stir for a period of time, and then end the reaction. (0 points)


question: In the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in the image Experiment_plan_004_01.png, the experiment involves the generation and collection of a gaseous byproduct. Please design a complete open reaction experiment plan based on the information provided in the image.

answers: A: Confirm the hazardous nature of the reaction gas, including whether there is a risk of explosion. If confirmed, personal operation in a fume hood is prohibited, and the experiment must be conducted in a specialized laboratory setting. If the reaction is deemed safe, estimate the gas volume and perform calculations before starting the experiment. Add reagents slowly to prevent rapid gas release that could cause device failure. (3 points)

answers: B: Confirm the hazardous nature of the reaction gas, including whether there is a risk of explosion. If confirmed, personal operation in a fume hood is prohibited, and the experiment must be conducted in a specialized laboratory setting. A safety valve or gas buffer device can be added between the balloon and the reaction flask to prevent rapid gas release that could cause device failure. (2 points)

answers: C: During the experimental steps, pay attention to controlling the rate of reagent addition to avoid rapid release of the gaseous byproduct. The image shows a balloon used for gas collection, but no other buffer devices are visible. It is recommended to add a condenser to reduce gas loss. Regarding reaction conditions, the temperature can be controlled within a moderate range (e.g., 40°C) to ensure stable reaction progress. (1 point)

answers: D: The experimental steps can be carried out directly according to conventional procedures, with no special requirements for the order of reagent addition. In the apparatus design, the balloon can be directly used for gas collection without additional modifications. Reaction conditions can be set to room temperature, and the stirring rate can be adjusted as needed. (0 points)


question: In the organic chemistry experimental setup shown in Experiment_plan_005_01.png, please design an experimental plan and clarify the following: 1. Infer the possible experimental stage and design subsequent steps; 2. Determine reasonable parameters for heating and stirring, as well as reagent quantities.

answers: A: The setup shows stirring only, with no heating applied, so it can be inferred that the reaction is at the room-temperature stirring stage. This scale of reaction is likely within 1 mmol, with a solvent volume of around 2 ml. Subsequent steps may involve extraction, requiring approximately 20 ml of organic solvent. (3 points)

answers: B: The setup shows stirring only, with no heating applied, so it can be inferred that the reaction is at the room-temperature stirring stage. Subsequent steps could involve setting heating and stirring parameters and gradually increasing the temperature. (2 points)

answers: C: The setup shows stirring only, with no heating applied, so it can be inferred that the reaction is at the room-temperature stirring stage. Subsequent steps include cooling, sampling for analysis, and recording reagent quantities and reaction conditions. (1 point)

answers: D: The setup shows the reagent bottle placed on a heating and stirring device, which may indicate the reaction stage. It is recommended to maintain the current heating and stirring parameters, and after completing the reaction, proceed directly to sampling for analysis. Safety measures include avoiding reagent splashing. (0 points)


question: In the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in the image Experiment_plan_006_01.png, please design the current and subsequent experimental plans based on this scenario.

answers: A: The material is in the weighing stage. Pay attention to the standardization of weighing; the weighing paper should not touch the edge of the balance, as this may lead to inaccurate measurements. For hygroscopic compounds, weighing should be done inside a glove box. When pouring solid powders, be mindful of static electricity issues, which can be mitigated by removing static electricity beforehand to reduce weighing errors. Subsequent experiments must strictly follow the actual weighed amount for calculations and repetitions. (3 points)

answers: B: The material is in the weighing stage. Based on the precision balance and weighing paper shown in the image, it is inferred to be a solid reagent, possibly used for precise measurement to control the molar ratio of reactants. Pay attention to static electricity issues, which can be mitigated by removing static electricity beforehand to reduce weighing errors. Subsequent experimental plans should note that weighing accuracy is critical for molar ratio control. The balance should be regularly calibrated, and the weighing environment should be free of vibrations or airflow disturbances. (2 points)

answers: C: The weighed material is likely a solid reagent intended for subsequent reactions. The experimental plan may include adding the material to a reaction flask and setting stirring conditions. Weighing accuracy is important and can be improved by calibrating the balance. (1 point)

answers: D: The weighing operation suggests that the material may be used for a reaction. Subsequent experiments must strictly follow the original plan without any modifications. (0 points)


question: In the organic chemistry experimental setup shown in the image Experiment_plan_007_01.png, design a complete experimental plan. Please ensure your answer incorporates the details from the image.

answers: A: This setup is used for a constant-temperature reflux liquid-phase reaction. Before the reaction, organize the workspace and ensure that the black wires/tubing are kept away from the heating device. First add the solvent and solid substrate to the reaction flask, then slowly drip in the liquid reagent. Set the heating stirrer to 85 °C and 580 rpm, and turn on the condenser water to maintain stable reflux. The green gas bag is used to collect gas generated during the reaction; the gas volume should be estimated during the reaction to avoid overinflation or rupture of the gas bag. Continuously observe the reflux state during the reaction and maintain the reaction for about 2 h. After the reaction is complete, cool the mixture and separate the product by filtration or liquid-liquid extraction. (3 points)

answers: B: This setup is used for a heated reflux reaction. Before the reaction, organize the workspace and keep wires/tubing away from the heating area. First add the solvent and solid reagent, then slowly add the liquid reagent. Set the temperature to about 85 °C, start stirring, and turn on condenser water to maintain reflux. Observe or sample the reaction during the process, and react for about 2 h. After the reaction is complete, cool the mixture and perform workup by filtration or extraction. However, the gas-collection function of the green gas bag is not clearly described, or it is only generally described as a gas-handling device. (2 points)

answers: C: This setup is used for a heated reflux or constant-temperature reaction. After adding the reactants and solvent to the reaction flask, heat and stir at about 85 °C, and use the condenser to reduce solvent volatilization. After the reaction is complete, cool the mixture and then perform a simple workup by filtration or extraction. However, this procedure lacks key details such as the order of addition, collection of generated gas using the green gas bag, an approximately 2 h reaction time, or safety details such as keeping wires away from the heating device. (1 point)

answers: D: This setup is treated simply as an ordinary heating reaction apparatus. The procedure only states that reagents are added and heated to 85 °C, without clearly specifying reflux condensation, 580 rpm stirring, order of addition, collection of generated gas using the green gas bag, reaction time, or workup procedure; or the green gas bag is incorrectly used as an inert-gas supply device and an inert-atmosphere reaction plan is designed based on that interpretation; or unsafe operations such as heating a sealed system are proposed. (0 points)


question: In the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in the image Experiment_plan_008_01.png, design a relevant experimental plan based on the apparatus and reagent states depicted in the image. Please make full use of the information provided in the image.

answers: A: : Cooling control: This is a reduced-pressure distillation apparatus used for the separation and purification of low-boiling-point or heat-sensitive substances. First, connect the condenser and introduce circulating cooling water (inlet at the bottom, outlet at the top) to efficiently condense distillation vapor and prevent solvent evaporation loss. Vacuum and gas handling: Connect the apparatus to a vacuum pump, check the seal of the interfaces, and slowly evacuate the system to remove air and volatile gases. Monitor pressure using a vacuum gauge to avoid bumping. Distillation operation: Gradually heat the distillation flask, control the temperature to ensure smooth boiling of the sample, observe the formation of liquid droplets in the condenser, and collect the target fractions in stages. Post-treatment: After distillation, stop heating, allow the system to cool to room temperature, slowly release the vacuum, and turn off the vacuum pump. (3 points)

answers: B: : Reduced-pressure distillation apparatus used for the separation and purification of low-boiling-point or heat-sensitive substances. Based on the cooling circuit and gas handling system, the plan is as follows: 1) Check the seal and temperature of the coolant circuit (e.g., 0-5°C). 2) Select appropriate volatile reagents based on the condenser connection; gradually add them while stirring. 3) Activate the gas handling system to ensure product gases are absorbed or neutralized. 4) After the reaction, stop cooling, raise the temperature to room temperature, then quench and separate the products and waste. 5) Safety: Include contingency plans for coolant leakage and gas system failure. (2 points)

answers: C: : Reduced-pressure distillation apparatus used for the separation and purification of low-boiling-point or heat-sensitive substances. Plan: 1) Start cooling and set the temperature. 2) Add reagents and stir. 3) Activate the gas system to absorb gases. 4) Perform post-treatment after the reaction. The main steps are covered, but details on reagent quantities, cooling range, and safety are not specified. (1 point)

answers: D: : Reduced-pressure distillation apparatus used for the separation and purification of low-boiling-point or heat-sensitive substances. Plan: 1) Start cooling. 2) Add reagents. 3) Perform post-treatment after the reaction. The image is not fully utilized; gas system, safety, and reagent quantities are not discussed. (0 points)


question: In the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in the image Experiment_plan_009_01.png, please design a complete experimental plan based on the details in the image.

answers: A: This experiment should be conducted as a high-temperature constant-temperature stirred reaction at 140 °C. Before the reaction, check that the reaction flask or reaction tube is intact, with no cracks or scratches, and select a pressure-rated reaction tube if the reaction needs to be sealed; an ordinary vial should not be sealed and heated at 140 °C. Because the target temperature is 140 °C, a silicone oil bath or another suitable oil bath should be used instead of an ordinary water bath. After adding the solvent, substrate, reagent, and magnetic stir bar to the reaction flask, secure the flask firmly so that the reaction-liquid region is sufficiently immersed in the oil bath, while keeping the cap or sealed part above the oil-bath surface. Insert the temperature probe into the oil bath to monitor the actual bath temperature, avoiding contact between the probe and the glass wall or the bottom of the hotplate. Set the temperature to 140 °C and the stirring speed to 700 rpm, and increase the temperature gradually to avoid thermal shock, localized overheating, and rapid pressure buildup. Continuously observe the temperature, stirring, and reaction-mixture state during the reaction. After the reaction is complete, stop heating, allow the oil bath and reaction flask to cool to room temperature, then remove the flask and slowly open it only after confirming pressure release. Then perform sampling analysis, extraction, filtration, concentration, or purification. (3 points)

answers: B: This experiment can be conducted as a high-temperature constant-temperature stirred reaction. Before the reaction, check that the reaction vessel is intact, and preferably use a heat-resistant, pressure-rated reaction flask or reaction tube. After adding the solvent, substrate, reagent, and magnetic stir bar to the reaction flask, heat it to 140 °C using an oil bath and monitor the bath temperature in real time with a temperature probe. Set the stirring speed to 700 rpm to ensure sufficient mixing of the reaction mixture. Maintain constant temperature and observe the system during the reaction. After the reaction is complete, cool the flask to room temperature, then open it and perform sampling, filtration, extraction, or other workup procedures. This procedure basically satisfies the requirements for a high-temperature reaction, but the details of gradual heating, oil-bath liquid level, pressure release, or safe opening are not sufficiently complete. (2 points)

answers: C: After adding the reactants, solvent, and magnetic stir bar to the reaction flask, heat the mixture at 140 °C and set the stirring speed to about 700 rpm. Observe changes in the system during the reaction, then cool the mixture after the reaction and perform filtration or sampling analysis. This procedure only provides a basic heating and stirring process. It does not sufficiently explain that an oil bath should be used under 140 °C conditions, nor does it clearly specify key safety operations such as selecting a pressure-rated reaction vessel, checking the vessel, monitoring with a temperature probe, gradual heating, and opening the vessel only after cooling. (1 point)

answers: D: Add all reagents at once to an ordinary reaction flask or vial, then directly seal it and heat it with stirring at 140 °C, or still attempt to reach 140 °C using an ordinary water bath. The vessel is not checked for cracks or scratches before the reaction, its pressure resistance is not confirmed, no temperature probe is used to monitor the actual bath temperature, and the vessel is opened, sampled, or analyzed directly after the reaction without sufficient cooling or pressure release. This procedure poses obvious safety risks and is not a suitable high-temperature reaction plan. (0 points)


question: In the organic chemistry experimental setup shown in the image Experiment_plan_010_01.png, design a complete experimental plan based on the information in the image, paying attention to the details of the apparatus and operations for reasoning.

answers: A: Add the substrate and dry solvent into a sealed reaction flask, and perform more than three cycles of 'vacuum evacuation-inert gas filling' through the side valve to remove air and moisture from the flask. Then, fix the reaction flask in a low-temperature bath and slowly cool it to the target low temperature, allowing the system temperature to stabilize. Precise low-temperature reagent addition: Use a syringe to slowly add sensitive reagents through the sealed stopper while maintaining slight positive pressure of inert gas via the side valve to prevent air backflow and reagent decomposition due to moisture. Operate entirely within the low-temperature bath to avoid localized overheating that could deactivate the reagent. Reaction monitoring: Maintain constant temperature stirring in the low-temperature bath, periodically extract small amounts of reaction liquid using a syringe for TLC analysis, and observe changes in solution color or turbidity to assess the reaction progress. (3 points)

answers: B: Based on the reaction flask being placed in a cooling bath as shown in the image, it is inferred that the reaction requires low-temperature conditions. The experimental plan is as follows: First, confirm the properties of the reaction reagents and the reaction mechanism, and select an appropriate low temperature (e.g., -78°C) to ensure reaction selectivity. Gradually add reagents dropwise using a syringe, controlling the addition rate to avoid localized overheating or side reactions. Use a stirring device to ensure uniform mixing, and set the reaction time to 1-2 hours, during which samples are periodically taken to monitor the reaction progress. Post-treatment steps should include reaction quenching (e.g., adding an appropriate amount of water or alcohol), followed by liquid-liquid extraction and purification (column chromatography). (2 points)

answers: C: The image shows the reaction flask in a cooling bath, with reagents added via a syringe. The experimental plan can be designed as follows: Control the reaction temperature at low temperatures (e.g., -78°C), gradually add reagents to avoid violent reactions, and maintain moderate stirring speed to ensure uniform mixing. Set the reaction time to 1-2 hours, during which samples can be taken to monitor the reaction progress. Safety measures include wearing protective equipment and ensuring stable operation of the cooling bath. Post-treatment can involve liquid-liquid extraction and column chromatography purification. For repeatability optimization, record the addition rate and temperature changes. (1 point)

answers: D: The experimental plan can be designed as a low-temperature reaction, with reagents slowly added via a syringe and a reaction time of approximately 1 hour. Post-treatment steps include extraction and column chromatography purification. (0 points)