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recent systematic analysis showed 2011 314 296 331 million children younger 5 years mildly moderately severely stunted 258 240 274 million mildly moderately severely underweight developing countries in iran study among 752 high school girls sistan baluchestan showed prevalence 16.2% 8.6% 1.5% underweight overweight obe...	background : the present study was carried out to assess the effects of community nutrition intervention based on advocacy approach on malnutrition status among school - aged children in shiraz , iran.materials and methods : this case - control nutritional intervention has been done between 2008 and 2009 on 2897 prima...
occurs 50% patients may reach 90% certain types cancers especially patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.1 anemia defined inadequate circulating level hemoglobin hb hb 12 g dl may arise result underlying disease bleeding poor nutrition chemotherapy radiation therapy preliminary studies suggest survi...	backgroundanemia in patients with cancer who are undergoing active therapy is commonly encountered and may worsen quality of life in these patients . the effect of blood transfusion is often temporary and may be associated with serious adverse events . erythropoiesis - stimulating agents are not effective in 30%50% ...
tardive dystonia td rarer side effect longer exposure antipsychotics characterized local general sustained involuntary contraction muscle muscle group twisting movements generally slow may affect limbs trunk neck face td shown develop 3% patients long term exposure antipsychotics low risk td atypical antipsychotics tho...	tardive dystonia ( td ) is a serious side effect of antipsychotic medications , more with typical antipsychotics , that is potentially irreversible in affected patients . studies show that newer atypical antipsychotics have a lower risk of td . as a result , many clinicians may have developed a false sense of securi...
lepidoptera include agricultural pests feeding activities negatively affect stored grains food fiber crops 2 3 since single lepidoptera adult produce hundreds eggs primary food source typically plant material cause significant damage agricultural crops although biological agents help manage insect pests insecticides cu...	many lepidopteran insects are agricultural pests that affect stored grains , food and fiber crops . these insects have negative ecological and economic impacts since they lower crop yield , and pesticides are expensive and can have off - target effects on beneficial arthropods . a better understanding of lepidopte...
syncope caused transient diffuse cerebral hypoperfusion characterized transient loss consciousness rapid onset followed spontaneous complete recovery clinical features syncope may include myoclonic jerks often multifocal asynchronous convulsions urinary incontinence making difficult differentiate epileptic seizure clin...	we present an unusual case of recurrent cough syncope in a 43-year - old woman , which was initially thought to be seizures . syncopal episodes were triggered by paroxysms of cough and were characterized by unresponsiveness and myoclonic jerks in her extremities . she had a left - sided glomus jugulare tumor that ...
world wide infertility affects 1015% couples trying conceive 15% cases caused male factors affect 1 20 men general population most cases male infertility idiopathic apart several etiologies obstruction deferent duct varicocele sexual dysfunction cryptorchidism although assisted reproductive technology art helped many s...	backgroundmicrornas ( mirnas ) play pivotal roles in spermatogenesis . microrna-210 ( mir-210 ) expression was up - regulated in the testes of sterile men with non - obstructive azoospermia ( noa ) . however , the underlying mechanisms of mir-210 involved in the spermatogenesis in patients with noa are unknown.mat...
midwife led primary delivery care low risk pregnant women labor reported various advantages increased odds high maternal satisfaction decrease unnecessary medical interventions 18 although maternity care system low risk pregnant women peculiar one country easily compared countries consumer demands humanization obstetri...	objective . the objective of this study was to describe the recent clinical characteristics of labor using 3 systems of japanese midwife - led primary delivery care , as follows : ( 1 ) those intending to give birth at home managed by midwives who do not belong to our hospital , ( 2 ) those planning to give birth ...
diabetes decreases overall life expectancy cause heavy burden public health 1 moreover asia pacific region considered verge emerging diabetes epidemic 2 the development type 2 diabetes affected genetic environmental determinants 3 recently one study investigated whether common variants functional positional candidate g...	type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance , and enpp1 plays an important role in insulin resistance . we investigated the association of the enpp1 k121q polymorphism with both diabetes and obesity ( body mass index [ bmi ] ) in korean male workers . the study design was case - control . subjects wer...
lipid apheresis provides safe effective means treating patients severe hyperlipidemia it functions first separating plasma blood cells cell separator using either adsorption apolipoprotein b affinity columns containing anti apolipoprotein b antibodies dextran sulphate precipitation low ph heparin lipid apheresis allows...	lipid apheresis is used to treat patients with severe hyperlipidemia by reducing low - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl - c ) . this study examines the effect of apheresis on the lipid panel and cardiac event rates before and after apheresis . an electronic health record screen of ambulatory patients identifi...
agenesis inferior vena cava ivc cause recurrent deep vein thrombosis dvt uncommon a 33-year old male family history thrombophilia experienced multiple recurrent episodes dvt 15-year period unknown cause admitted hospital cellulitis right leg congenital absence ivc could rare risk factor idiopathic dvt especially young ...	background : agenesis of the inferior vena cava ( ivc ) as a cause of recurrent deep vein thrombosis ( dvt ) is uncommon.case:a 33-year - old male with no family history of thrombophilia , who had experienced multiple recurrent episodes of dvt over a 15-year period of unknown cause , was admitted into our hospital bec...
exponential rise alzheimer disease ad prevalence rates predicted parallel aging baby boomers creating potentially unsustainable economic burden healthcare system delaying onset progression ad even modestly earlier pharmacological intervention could substantially reduce economic psychosocial impact illness 1 2 unfortuna...	we examined the usefulness of brief neuropsychological tests and serum a as a predictive test for detecting mci / ad in older adults . serum a levels were measured from 208 subjects who were cognitively normal at enrollment and blood draw . twenty - eight of the subjects subsequently developed mci ( n = 18 ) or ad...
	we compared serum polychlorinated dibenzo - p - dioxins ( pcdds ) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans ( pcdfs ) among residents of two homes to levels among age- and sex - matched comparison subjects . the residents of the two homes consumed contaminated eggs and beef from animals raised at the homes . the animals h...
wnt/-catenin pathway implicated development progression melanoma wide range cancer types including colorectal cancer breast cancer esophageal carcinoma liver cancer 13 normal conditions increases expression binding certain wnt ligands frizzled receptor mutations specific components -catenin degradation assembly deact...	we have previously demonstrated that rad6 and -catenin enhance each other 's expression through a positive feedback loop to promote breast cancer development / progression . while -catenin has been implicated in melanoma pathogenesis , rad6 function has not been investigated . here , we examined the relationship bet...
guanine heterocyclic ring rich chemical reactivity toward oxidants adduct forming species dna 2-deoxyguanosine dg mass chief site base oxidation due low redox potential leading many products characterized mass signatures the principal products characterized one electron oxidants aqueous solutions grouped ...	upon oxidation of the heterocyclic ring in 2-deoxyguanosine ( dg ) , the initial electrophilic intermediate displays a wide range of reactivities with nucleophiles leading to many downstream products . in the present study , the product profiles were mapped when aqueous solutions of dg were allowed to reac...
review literature extensive medline search revealed first case report use guaifenesin increase sperm motility he reported inability conceive wife 18 months unprotected intercourse a semen analysis performed included spermatozoa count liquefaction morphology motility viscosity volume two months guaifenesin therapy semen...	backgrounda review of the literature and an extensive medline search revealed that this is the first case report of the use of guaifenesin to increase sperm motility.casea 32-year - old male presented for an infertility evaluation . he reported an inability to conceive with his wife after 18 months of unprotected in...
agriculture one primary economic avenues philippines contributing 20% gross domestic product gdp crops comprise 47.56% total agricultural sector contributed 510 billion pesos p510b country national income benguet province northern portion philippines belonging cordillera administrative region there 27.5 thousand farms...	this was a cross - sectional study that investigated pesticide exposure and its risk factors targeting vegetable farmers selected through cluster sampling . the sampling size calculated with p = .05 was 211 vegetable farmers and 37 farms . the mean usage of pesticide was 21.35 liters . risk factors included dama...
evans using mouse mutant lim homeodomain transcription factor islet1 isl1 demonstrated isl1 positive isl1 population localised secondary heart field shf contributing outflow tract right ventricle atria small extent left ventricle isl1 considered marker shf cells contribute venous arterial poles cardiac tube cells shf c...	cardiac progenitor cells are multipotent stem cells isolated from both embryonic and adult hearts in several species and are able to differentiate at least into smooth muscle cells , endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes . the embryonic origin of these cells has not yet been demonstrated , but it has been suggested t...
primary diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis pdlg rare neoplasm short survival time months we report 53-year old male patient presented epileptic seizures gait disturbance paraparesis sensory deficits dermatomes t8 10 magnetic resonance imaging mri revealing numerous spinal cranial gadolinium enhancing nodules meninges h...	objectiveprimary diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis ( pdlg ) is a rare neoplasm with a short survival time of a few months . there is currently no standardized therapeutic approach for pdlg.materials and methodswe report on a 53-year - old male patient who presented with epileptic seizures , gait disturbance , parap...
past years numerous studies described role microalbuminuria mau predictor cardiovascular disease cvd death among subjects type 2 diabetes t2d).13 mau one earliest clinical signs diabetic nephropathy significant risk factor progression proteinuria.1 additionally hypertensive t2d individuals mau increased risk developing...	purpose : to investigate to what degree the presence of hypertension ( htn ) and poor glycemic control ( gc ) influences the likelihood of having microalbuminuria ( mau ) among cuban americans with type 2 diabetes ( t2d).methods : a cross - sectional study conducted in cuban americans ( n = 179 ) with t2d . particip...
cancer second leading cause mortality morbidity developed developing countries india cancer prevalence estimated around 2.5 million 0.8 million new cases 0.5 million deaths occurring year there increase incidence breast cancer found gradually overtaking cancer cervix breast self examination bse important screening meas...	introduction : breast cancer accounts for 19 - 34% of all cancer cases among women in india . there is high mortality due to late stage diagnosis as patients usually present at an advanced stage because of lack of awareness and nonexistent breast cancer screening programs . early detection and prompt treatment off...
der p 1 isolated house dust mite fecal pellets allergon multistep procedure 6 involving immunoaffinity chromatography immobilized anti der p 1 mab clone 4c1 indoor biotechnologies removal contaminating serine proteases immobilized soybean trypsin inhibitor sigma chemical co. finally fast protein liquid chromatography ...	the house dust mite dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen der p 1 is the most immunodominant allergen involved in the expression of dust mite specific immunoglobulin ( ig)e mediated hypersensitivity . the reason for this potent ige - eliciting property of der p 1 remains unknown , but there is mounting in vitro ...
given risk paralysis associated cervical transforaminal injection time reconsider transforaminal injections lumbar spine ? arguments discontinuing lumbar injections discussed anesthesia literature raising concern risks epidural steroid injections esis in 47-year old man paraplegia lower extremities developed specifical...	backgroundgiven the risk of paralysis associated with cervical transforaminal injection , is it time to reconsider transforaminal injections of the lumbar spine ? arguments for discontinuing lumbar injections have been discussed in the anesthesia literature , raising concern about the risks of epidural steroid injec...
	because of rampant concern that estrogenic chemicals in the environment may be adversely affecting the health of humans and wildlife , reliable methods for detecting and characterizing estrogenic chemicals are needed . it is important that general agreement be reached on which tests to use and that these tests then ...
alzheimer disease ad neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized progressive mental decline histopathologically defined highly abundant amyloid deposits neurofibrillary tangles brain parenchyma the identification mutations within amyloid precursor protein app presenilin ps genes cause autosomal dominantly inher...	the amyloid cascade hypothesis remains a robust model of ad neurodegeneration . however , amyloid deposits contain proteins besides a , such as apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) . inheritance of the apoe4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late - onset ad . however , there is no consensus on how different a...
musculoskeletal tissues show increased bone fragility loss cartilage resilience reduced ligament elasticity loss muscular strength fat redistribution decreasing ability tissues carry normal functions the loss mobility physical independence resulting arthropathies fractures particularly devastating population physically...	musculoskeletal disorders are among the most common problems affecting the elderly . the resulting loss of mobility and physical independence can be particularly devastating in this population . the aim of this article is to present some of the most frequent musculoskeletal disorders of the elderly , such as fract...
migraine leading neurological cause seeking medical care associated significant disability sufferer the greatest impact migraineurs headaches days condition defined chronic migraine cm cm defined least 15 days headache per month least eight days fulfill migraine criteria and/or treated specific migraine medications abs...	although the association between episodic migraine and psychiatric comorbidities is well documented , few studies have focused on the comorbidity with chronic migraine ( cm ) and discrepancies exist between population - based and clinic - based data . the objective of this study is to compare demographic and psychia...
m1dg 3-(2-deoxy--d erythro pentofuranosyl)-pyrimido[1,2-]purine-10(3h)-one one many endogenous exocyclic lesions derived reaction dna bifunctional electrophiles generated lipid protein dna peroxidation being endogenous constituent human rodent genomes m1dg mutagenic bacterial mammalian cells leads mispairing ...	oxidative stress triggers dna and lipid peroxidation , leading to the formation of electrophiles that react with dna to form adducts . a product of this pathway , ( 3-(2-deoxy--d - erythro - pentofuranosyl)-pyrimido[1,2-]purine-10(3h)-one ) , or m1dg , is mutagenic in bacterial and mammalian cells and is rep...
60-year old woman height 162 cm weight 61 kg visited pain clinic tactile allodynia electric shock like pain left dorsal scapular area around t3 dermatome diagnosed phn 1 month previously attack herpes zoster 1 year ago the 100-mm visual analogue scale vas allodynia electric shock like pain rated 70 80 mm scale 0 pain 1...	although postherpetic neuralgia ( phn ) is a common chronic pain syndrome , the pathophysiology of this disorder is not well known and management is often very difficult . n - methyl - d - aspartate ( nmda ) receptor antagonists are known to be effective in phn , and magnesium , a physiological blocker of nmda recep...
central retinal vein occlusion crvo common sight threatening vascular disease prevalence rates ranging 0.1%1 0.5%2 older adult population crvo characterized occlusion central retinal vein consecutive damming venous blood flow the occlusion may occur level posterior lamina cribrosa.3 despite prevalence pathogenesis crvo...	purposeto evaluate the association between the size of peripheral retinal nonperfusion and the number of intravitreal ranibizumab injections in patients with treatment - nave central retinal vein occlusion ( crvo).methodsfifty - four patients with treatment - nave crvo and macular edema were included . each patient ...
small bowel obstruction sbo one feared complications gastric bypass chronic acute range nuisance patient life threatening emergency sbos related adhesions occur laparoscopic roux en gastric bypass lgb ih formation secondary reconstruction small intestine also concern bariatric surgeons multiple defects mesentery bowel ...	background and objectives : there is a wide variation of reported incidence of small bowel obstruction ( sbo ) after laparoscopic roux - en - y gastric bypass ( lgb ) . there is also wide variation in technique , not only in placement of the roux limb , but also regarding closure or nonclosure of the mesenteric defe...
following section describes treatment procedure patients deep infection following tka using modified static spacers the original prosthesis removed followed intensive irrigation wide debridement infected soft tissue 36 fr diameter straight thoracic catheter mallinckrodt medical athlone ireland steinmann pin measuring 3...	the two - stage exchange arthroplasty ( one- or two - stage ) is believed to be the gold standard for the management of infections following total knee arthroplasty . we herein report a novel two - stage exchange arthroplasty technique using an antibiotic - impregnated cement intramedullary nail , which can be easil...
mental fatigue common disabling long time condition following stroke it estimated 3070% stroke survivors complain fatigue 17 even almost recovered stroke without neurological neuropsychological impairments the person suffers mental fatigue able perform mental effort short periods notably take longer normal regain energ...	mental fatigue is for many a distressing and long - term problem after stroke . this mental fatigue will make it more difficult for the person to return to work and previous activities . the intention with this study is to investigate mental fatigue in relation to depression and cognitive functions . we examined...
cigarette smoke cs associated development inflammation related diseases chronic obstructive pulmonary disease vascular diseases including atherosclerosis stroke several studies revealed cs major contributor vascular diseases accelerates development atherosclerotic plaques the relationship cs increased incidence atheros...	cigarette smoke is considered a major risk factor for vascular diseases . there are many toxic compounds in cigarette smoke , including acrolein and other ,-unsaturated aldehydes , which are regarded as mediators of inflammation and vascular dysfunction . furthermore , recent studies have revealed that acrolein , ...
4cl4-coumarate coa ligasecas9crispr associated protein 9crisprclustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeatsctcondensed tanningrnaguide rnammillionpamprotospacer adjacent motifpol iiirna polymerase iiirnairna interferencernaseribonucleasesnpsingle nucleotide polymorphisms g ligninsyringyl guaiacyl lignin r...	abstractthe crispr / cas9 technology is a welcome breakthrough for genome editing , owing to its precision , efficiency , versatility and ease of adoption . we recently reported the first application of crispr / cas9 for biallelic mutations in stably transformed populus , extending the species range of this powerful...
like co@fe3o4 recently underwent extensive study elucidate oxidative stability core phase shell fept@fe3o4 core shell nanoparticles used building blocks form nanocomposites enhanced magnetic properties potential novel applications include magnetic data storage catalysis targeted drug delivery terms nanomag...	the chemical composition of core shell nanoparticle clusters have been determined through principal component analysis ( pca ) and independent component analysis ( ica ) of an energy - dispersive x - ray ( edx ) spectrum image ( si ) acquired in a scanning transmission electron microscope ( stem ) . the m...
ionic calcium ca controls multiple cellular signaling processes eukaryotic cells including proliferation gene expression neurotransmitter release ca binding proteins calmodulin play pivotal role ca signal transmission amplification increases concentration intracellular ca activate specific protein targets among ca calm...	ca2+/calmodulin - dependent protein kinase ii ( camkii ) functions both in regulation of insulin secretion and neurotransmitter release through common downstream mediators . therefore , we hypothesized that pancreatic - cells acquire and store the information contained in calcium pulses as a form of metabolic memo...
health related absence disease therefore need conceptualize operationalize health increasingly come understand information functional status needed order appreciate full picture regarding health individual population an individual health fundamentally includes capacity carry full range actions activities tasks required...	a common framework for describing functional status information ( fsi ) in health records is needed in order to make this information comparable and of value . the world health organization 's ( who 's ) international classification of functioning , disability and health ( icf ) , which has been approved by all its ...
centers disease control prevention cdc united states preventive services task force uspstf recommend universal hiv screening pregnant women entering prenatal care 1 2 this screening enables hiv infected women infants benefit appropriate timely interventions antiretroviral medications when recommended antiretroviral obs...	objective . to examine risk factors for false positive hiv enzyme immunoassay ( eia ) testing at delivery . study design . a review of pregnant women who delivered at parkland hospital between 2005 and 2008 was performed . patients routinely received serum hiv eia testing at delivery , with positive results ...
childhood obesity serious growing public health problem arisen past three decades the increasing occurrence disorders type 2 diabetes childhood believed consequence obesity epidemic in addition several behavioral dietary risk factors genetic predisposition important factor pathogenesis childhood obesity it estimated ...	the present study was designed to explore the effects of gas6 and axl gene polymorphisms on adiposity , systemic inflammation , and insulin resistance in adolescents . after multistage sampling from the data of the taipei children heart study - iii , we collected 358 boys and 369 girls with an average age of 13.3 ye...
infertility one crucial critical events sex life engages 1015% couples world one distressful life experiences exposes couples social psychological problems couples faced critical situation prone depression anxiety loss self esteem dissatisfaction sex life others however intensity psychological problems resulting cultur...	introduction : the process of assisted reproductive treatment is a stressful situation in the treatment of infertile couples and it would harm the mental health of women . fertile women who started infertility treatment due to male factor infertility have reported to experience less stress and depression than other ...
balance impairment important fall risk factor increases range postural sway mediolateral direction older adults associated increased fall risk rates postural sway shown older adults strongly related measures balance multivariate analysis reveals serum vitamin levels independent variable associated postural sway individ...	introduction . low serum vitamin d levels are associated with increased postural sway . vitamin d varies seasonally . this study investigates whether postural sway varies seasonally and is associated with serum vitamin d and falls . methods . in a longitudinal observational study , eighty - eight independent...
since dawn history nature natural sources plants animals microbes minerals remained veritable source bioactive compounds medicinal values among sources plants explored exploited bioactive medicinal components lead compounds templates rational development drugs specific efficacies fewer side effects 1 one botanicals int...	backgroundthe abortifacient claim of senna alata ( s. alata ) was scientifically validated recently with alkaloids speculated to be the bioactive agent . this speculation is yet to be substantiated or refuted by scientific evidence . the present study was aimed to investigate the pregnancy terminating effects of t...
erg protein expression recently suggested reflective erg gene rearrangements prostate cancer pca documenting remarkable concordance two 16 the rearrangements androgen receptor regulated gene tmprss2 21q22.3 members ets family member transcription factor gene commonly erg 21q22.2 among common genetic alterations detecte...	background . the prognostic significance of erg expression in prostate cancer ( pca ) has generated mixed results . we sought to investigate the prognostic significance of erg expression in a localized cohort of men with pca . material and methods . we investigated erg protein expression in a cohort of 198 m...
three main arteries leg anterior tibial artery ata posterior tibial artery peroneal artery form dense vascular network around distal leg ankle foot ramifies perforators basis kinds pedicle flaps lateral medial malleolar perforator flaps there plenty literature describing anatomy clinical application perforators peronea...	purpose : a further understanding of the anterior supramalleolar artery ( asma ) and its potential applications in reconstructive surgery.materials and methods : a total of 24 fresh lower limbs from fresh cadavers were injected with red latex for dissection . the type of origin , course , diameter of the pedicle , and...
ankle dorsiflexion passive range motion df prom measurements performed field physical therapy estimate ankle motion functional activities1 prevent lower extremity injuries2 although clinical setting ankle df prom frequently measured non weight bearing non wb conditions1 3 4 many researchers stated wb position app...	[ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gastrocnemius stretching combined with talocrural joint mobilization on weight - bearing ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion . [ subjects ] eleven male subjects with bilateral limited ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion with k...
dox one key chemotherapeutic drugs cancer treatment use limited chronic acute toxic side effects dox antibiotic anthracycline isolated pigment streptomyces peucetius early 1960s employed 30 years battle cancer chemically synthesized renal dox induced toxicity may part multiorgan damage mediated mainly free radical form...	nephrotoxicity is one of the limiting factors for using doxorubicin ( dox ) . interleukin 1 has major role in dox - induced nephrotoxicity , so we investigated the effect of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist diacerein ( dia ) on dox - induced nephrotoxicity . dia ( 25 and 50 mg / kg / day ) was administered orall...
suicide leading cause death among adolescents become significant public health issue globally 1 statistics korea report 2014 showed suicide cause 28.4% adolescent deaths 2013 number one cause death among adolescents 2 furthermore suicide second third cause mortality among adolescents western world important concern dev...	suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents globally , and body weight is also a recognized reason for adolescent suicide . therefore , we investigated the association between weight control behaviors ( wcb ) and suicide ideation and attempt , focusing on inappropriate weight control measures . we used d...
past 15 years green fluorescent protein gfp changed nearly unknown protein commonly used molecular imaging tool biology chemistry genetics medicine 2006 10 000 papers gfps gfp like proteins i.e. chromoproteins fluorescent proteins particularly useful due stability fact chromophore see figure 1 formed autocatalytic cycl...	green fluorescent protein ( gfp ) and gfp - like fluorescent proteins owe their photophysical properties to an autocatalytically formed intrinsic chromophore . according to quantum mechanical calculations , the excited state of chromophore model systems has significant dihedral freedom , which may lead to fluorescen...
fnas represent advantageous effective means obtain diagnostic cellular material often sample wide area target lesion acquire tumor cells lower contamination background stromal connective tissue elements allow immediate assessment rapid site evaluation rose site assessment a member cytopathology team present prepares di...	in this era of precision medicine , our understanding and knowledge of the molecular landscape associated with lung cancer pathogenesis continues to evolve . this information is being increasingly exploited to treat advanced stage lung cancer patients with tailored , targeted therapy . during the management of these...
tumors classified typical net tnet goblet cell carcinoid gcc atypical gcc histologies ex goblet composite goblet classified signet ring cell carcinoid srcc poorly differentiated adenocarcinoid appendix these tumors distinctive morphology showing tight clusters cells compact nuclei abundant intracytoplasmic mucin resemb...	purposeappendiceal tumors are a heterogeneous group of diseases that include typical neuroendocrine tumors ( tnet ) , goblet cell carcinoids ( gcc ) , and atypical gcc . atypical gcc are classified into signet - ring cell cancers ( srcc ) and poorly differentiated appendiceal adenocarcinoids . the prognosis and ma...
	we have prepared two new diastereoisomeric 2-aza-5-phosphabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes from naturally occurring trans-4-hydroxy - l - proline in six chemical operations . these syntheses are concise and highly efficient , with straightforward purification . when we used these chiral phosphines as catalysts for rea...
igg4-rd newly recognized fibroinflammatory condition unknown etiology characterized tumefactive lesions dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration rich igg4-positive plasma cells storiform fibrosis elevated serum igg4 level 13 the kidney one organs commonly affected igg4-rd tubulointerstitial nephritis tin infiltration numer...	we report a case of igg4-related disease ( igg4-rd ) diagnosed after 3 years of follow - up for idiopathic membranous nephropathy ( mn ) . mn has been considered as glomerular lesion of igg4-related kidney diseases in recent years and was diagnosed simultaneously with or after a diagnosis of igg4-rd in previously re...
treatment duration lasts months often fraught potentially dangerous side effects side effects influenza like illness myalgias depression cytopenias intolerable resulting premature treatment cessation lasting effects ocular complications among complications interferon therapy include retinal hemorrhages cotton wool spot...	purposeto evaluate retinopathy associated with interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis c.methodsone hundred patients with chronic hepatitis c undergoing interferon therapy were examined for the presence of cotton wool spots , retinal hemorrhages , cystoid macular edema , capillary non - perfusion , and a...
nathan oncology fellow knew well white blood cells fought infections this experiment repeated front us time says chemotherapy lowered patients white blood cells increased risk infections mackaness shown macrophage activation depend direct contact cells 1 suggesting possibility secreted factor when nathan tested supern...	t cells tell macrophages when to start making the toxic soup of lysosomal enzymes , reactive oxygen species , and nitric oxide that destroys intracellular pathogens . in 1983 , carl nathan proved that this start signal comes in the form of the secreted cytokine ifn.
initiated team decade ago continued medical research center kasturba health society mumbai the comparative effects three plant products perimenopausal symptoms quality life qol clinical biochemistry reported group earlier our observation frequent mood changes sleep disturbances women premenopausal group prompted us und...	objective : to determine the prevalence of premenstrual cyclic symptoms in perimenopausal age.subjects and methods : women attending bhavan 's sparc maitreyi 's health care programme ( hcp ) for women around 40 years of age were included in the study . last 200 women who attended from april 2002 to october 2004 are in...
according korean national statistical office main cause death korea cancer 2012 the total number deaths due cancer 2012 267,221 increased 9,825 3.8% compared 2011.1 time high since 1983 currently treatment cancer patients medical field consists mainly surgery radiation therapy chemotherapy seventy eighty percent cancer...	the number of death due to cancer has been increasing in korea . chemotherapy is known to cause side effects because it damages not only cancerous cells but healthy cells . recently , attention has focused on food - derived chemopreventive and anti - tumor agents or formulations with fewer side effects . kimchi ...
glomangioma benign vascular tumor derived glomus body specialized neuromyoarterial structure involved thermal regulation it subtype generalized category glomus tumors confused head neck paragangliomas glomus tympanicum glomus jugulare it also distinguished glomangiopericytoma sinonasal type hemangiopericytoma displays ...	oncogenic osteomalacia ( oo ) is an uncommon but treatable cause of osteomalacia related to tumor production of fgf23 , usually caused by benign mesenchymal neoplasms . paranasal sinus glomangiomas are a rare cause of oo , with only one previously reported case . here we describe a second case ( first reported in ...
gestational trophoblastic disease describes number gynecologic tumors originate trophoblastic layer including hydatidiform mole complete partial invasive mole choriocarcinoma placental site trophoblastic tumor epitheloid trophoblastic tumor invasive mole may arise pregnancy event although cases diagnosed molar pregnanc...	background : invasive mole is responsible for most cases of localized gestational trophoblastic neoplasia . gestational trophoblastic disease describes a number of gynecologic tumors that originate in trophoblastic layer including hydatidiform mole ( complete or partial ) , invasive mole , choriocarcinoma , placenta...
expanded research design methods section supplementary figures found online data supplement available http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/db09-1293/dc1 details glucose insulin tolerance testing plasma insulin level determination lipid metabolite measurement metabolomics exercise capacity studies whole...	objectiveit has been proposed that skeletal muscle insulin resistance arises from the accumulation of intramyocellular lipid metabolites that impede insulin signaling , including diacylglycerol and ceramide . we determined the role of de novo ceramide synthesis in mediating muscle insulin resistance.research design ...
antibodies amp kinase ampk phosporylated ampk pampk acetyl coa carboxylase acc phosporylated acc akt phosporylated akt tubulin cell signaling anti oxphos mitosciences anti cd36-[hrp purchased novus biologicals human recombinant insulin novolin novo nordisk canada this study performed approval university alberta animal...	objectivealthough advanced age is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes , a clear understanding of the changes that occur during middle age that contribute to the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance is currently lacking . therefore , we sought to investigate how middle age impacts skeletal muscle fatty aci...
sarcopenia present approximately 513% persons age 60 years defined loss skeletal muscle mass strength progressive decline mobility function the pathogenesis sarcopenia associated many intrinsic extrinsic factors including proinflammatory cytokine accumulation oxidative stress mitochondrial dysfunction insulin resistanc...	sarcopenia has been defined as the aging - related disease with the declined mass , strength , and function of skeletal muscle , which is the major cause of frailty and falls in elders . the activation of inflammatory signal pathways due to diseases and aging is suggested to reveal the critical impact on sarcopenia ...
temporary henna tattoos pseudotattoo become increasingly widespread among children adolescent safe economic alternative permanent tattoos it well known allergic skin reactions natural henna rare due extremely low rate sensitization india north africa china egypt it used weddings religious ceremonies occident used dye h...	temporary henna tattoos or pseudotattoos have become increasingly widespread among children and adolescent . a generalized skin reaction , type erythema multiforme - like reaction is unusual , and rarely reported . we describe the case of a 7-year - old boy who reported erythematous papular bulls - eye shaped lesion...
romaleidae family accounts 200 species grasshoppers comprising three subfamilies romaleinae aucacrinae trybliophorinae it second diverse family superfamily acridoidea occurring semiarid regions tropical rainforests carbonell 1977 roberts carbonell 1982 carbonell 1984 1986 2002 the genus radacridium dispersed across nor...	in this study , two species of romaleidae grasshoppers , radacridium mariajoseae and r.nordestinum , were analyzed after cma3/da / dapi sequential staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization ( fish ) to determine the location of the 18s and 5s rdna and histone h4 genes . both species presented karyotypes composed ...
relation chronic subclinical low grade inflammation insulin resistance ir long known 1 2 ir major contributor mediating factor development type 2 dm t2 dm along concomitant hypertension ht cardiovascular disease cvd 3 4 the relationship development dm markers inflammation c reactive protein crp il-6 fibrinogen pai-1 de...	fasting plasma glucose ( fpg ) and hemoglobin a1c ( hba1c ) have been used to diagnose new - onset diabetes mellitus ( dm ) in order to simplify the diagnostic tests compared with the 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test ( ogtt ; 2-hpg ) . we aimed to identify optimal cut - off points of high sensitive c - reactive pr...
caused mutations nuclear genes either relating mitochondrial components mitochondrial dna mtdna the prevalence mitochondrial diseases due mutations mtdna related nuclear genes estimated 1 5000 mutations mtdna much higher related nuclear genes probably mitochondrial genome exposed reactive oxygen species(ros lacked prot...	background : mitochondrial diseases are a group of energy metabolic disorders with multisystem involvements . variable clinical features present a major challenge in pediatric diagnoses . we summarized the clinical spectrum of m.3243a > g mutation in chinese pediatric patients , to define the common clinical manif...
prolonged exposure microgravity significant effects physiological conditions many studies investigated effects microgravity neuromuscular system most studies focused skeletal muscle changes microgravity however best knowledge limited research regarding effects microgravity peripheral nervous system one study examined c...	background : few studies have focused on peripheral nerve conduction during exposure to microgravity . the 6 head - down tilt ( hdt ) comprises an experimental model used to simulate the space flight environment . this study investigated nerve conduction characteristics of rhesus monkeys before and after prolonged e...
55 year old man visited emergency department increasing frequency chest pain he undergone pump coronary artery bypass grafting cabg 10 years ago unstable angina associated three vessel coronary artery disease initial operation situ right internal thoracic artery ita in situ left ita situ right gastroepiploic artery rge...	we report a redo coronary artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) in a 55-year - old man . angina recurred 7 years after the initial surgery . coronary angiography showed all patent grafts except a faint visualization of the in situ right gastroepiploic artery ( rgea ) graft , which was anastomosed to the posterior descen...
report case inadvertent anterior chamber cornea stromal injection high dose antibiotics steroids cataract operation during cataract operation 78 year old female patient high dose gentamicin 20 mg/0.5 ml dexamethasone 2 mg/0.5 ml inadvertently injected anterior chamber cornea stroma making cornea edema sealing incision ...	purposeto report a case of inadvertent anterior chamber and cornea stromal injection with high dose antibiotics and steroids during cataract operation.methodsduring cataract operation on a 78 year - old female patient , high dose gentamicin ( 20 mg/0.5 ml ) and dexamethasone ( 2 mg/0.5 ml ) were inadvertently injected...
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease adpkd characterized cyst formation occurs primarily kidneys due replacement normal renal parenchyma adpkd results end stage renal failure 45% patients approximately 711% patients receiving renal replacement therapy western world due adpkd the underlying cause adpkd mutation ...	little is known about the association between autosomal - dominant polycystic kidney disease ( adpkd ) and coronary artery dissection ( cad ) . we suggest that the genetic disorder in adpkd is the main cause of instable artery vasculature . our case also shows that cad can be missed in the acute phase . therefor...
optimal treatment cancers children often requires combined modality therapy including chemotherapy surgery and/or radiotherapy chemotherapy always sufficient achieve cure solid tumors children either resection radiation may needed local tumor control well 1 children radiosensitive malignant tumors typically require rad...	treatment of cancer in children often requires a combination of chemotherapy , surgery , and/or radiotherapy . radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not painful processes , but children undergoing these procedures must be made motionless through anesthesia or sedation . there are a few reports of complications during ...
annually 2.5 million muslims 140 countries go hajj pilgrimage largest mass gathering world the presence vast number people holy places especially cities mecca medina massive pilgrim crowds certain places certain times causes infectious diseases spread easily racial cultural health differences well level access health m...	background : respiratory tract infections are very common among the hajj pilgrims . some preventive measures including influenza vaccination , using face mask and salt water gargling have been considered to control these infections and the reports show conflicting results about the effects of each one of these measure...
care coordination important aspect nursing care especially elderly patients admitted acute care setting singapore care coordination transitional care nursing new concept care nevertheless important unexplored the objective paper explore characteristics elderly patients receiving care coordination determine care gaps in...	introductioncare coordination is an important aspect of nursing care especially for elderly patients admitted to an acute care setting . in singapore care coordination and transitional care nursing is a new concept of care nevertheless important but unexplored.aim/objectivesthe objective of this paper is to explore th...
irrevocable aim endodontics three dimensional unblemished seal root canal system achieved perfect designing canal diameter canal form the biomechanical preparation one major steps removal bacteria debris root canal achieve successful endodontic treatment root canal instrumentation there complications perforations ledge...	introduction : the objective of this study was to evaluate dentinal defects formed by new rotary system protaper next ( ptn).materials and methods : sixty single - rooted premolars were selected . all specimens were decoronated and divided into four groups , each group having 15 specimens . group i specimens were...
batch processes used production many low volume high value added products speciality chemicals health care food agrochemicals, etc operation flexibility today market driven environment in addition two products require similar processing steps set equipment considered least economical reason a batch plant producing mult...	optimal design problem are widely known by their multiple performance measures that are often competing with each other . in this paper , an optimal multiproduct batch chemical plant design is presented . the design is firstly formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem , to be solved using the well suited n...
since introduction extra oral implants reconstruction craniofacial defects achieving proper prosthesis retention become promising these problems include ulceration hard and/or soft tissues used retention lack retention due prosthesis movement tissue irritation caused adhesives the ideal position number implants restori...	implant - supported craniofacial prostheses are made to restore defective areas in the face and cranium . this clinical report describes a technique for fabrication of an orbital prosthesis with three adjacent implants in the left lateral orbital rim of a 60-year - old woman . selection of appropriate attachment s...
hepatocellular carcinoma hcc one common cancers worldwide especially china 13 the high hcc rates china largely reflect elevated prevalence chronic hepatitis b virus hbv infection developed countries united states nonalcoholic fatty liver disease nafld associated obesity less study focused effect obesity hcc especially ...	backgroundhepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is one of the most common cancers worldwide especially in china . this article aimed to evaluate the influence of body mass index ( bmi ) and waistline on complications , postoperative death , and long - term survival in patients undergoing surgery for hcc.material/methods1...
professional mononuclear phagocytes polymorphonuclear neutrophils pmn monocytes macrophages considered first line defence early host innate immune response 1 2 their main function classically understood kill invasive pathogens variety potent intracellular microbicidal effector mechanisms 37 after first contact pathogen...	professional mononuclear phagocytes such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils ( pmn ) , monocytes , and macrophages are considered as the first line of defence against invasive pathogens . the formation of extracellular traps ( ets ) by activated mononuclear phagocytes is meanwhile well accepted as an effector mechanism...
national tb prevalence survey eritrea conducted february october 2005 6 40 selected villages a census included information sex age taken 875 persons village all persons 15 years age asked provide morning spot sputum sample persons 2 positive sputum samples informed test results referred treatment those 1 positive sputu...	we used results from a national tuberculosis prevalence survey in eritrea to calculate case detection rate ( cdr ) and compared it with the published cdr . the cdr obtained from the survey was 40% , whereas the cdr published by the world health organization was 3 lower ( 14% ) .
spermatogenesis complex process development occurs mammals throughout adulthood period this process happens seminiferous tubules lined epithelial tissue contains sertoli cells sertoli cells surrounded thin septum peritubular cells hold keep germ cells 1 2 spermatogonia undergo mitotic divisions meiotic alternations mor...	introductionproduction of antibodies against specific proteins of testis germ cells is of great significance for the investigation of processes involved in spermatogenesis , study of infertility problems and determination of the probable role of these proteins as cancer - testis antigens . murine testis specific rec...
malignancies upper aerodigestive tract figure 1 comprising naso- oro- hypo- laryngopharynx squamous cell carcinomas head neck squamous cell carcinomas hnsccs primary tumor type head neck cancer hnc characterized local tumor aggressiveness high rate early recurrences metastasis development second primary tumors major ca...	head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are among the most common neoplasms worldwide and characterized by local tumor aggressiveness , high rate of early recurrences , development of metastasis , and second primary cancers . despite modern therapeutic strategies and sophisticated surgical management , overall survival...
alcoholic liver disease ald represents spectrum clinical illness morphological changes range fatty liver hepatic inflammation necrosis alcoholic hepatitis progressive fibrosis alcoholic cirrhosis many toxic effects ethanol liver associated metabolism ethanol oxidation generates toxic products acetaldehyde reactive oxyg...	to study the mechanism of curcumin - attenuated inflammation and liver pathology in early stage of alcoholic liver disease , female sprague - dawley rats were divided into four groups and treated with ethanol or curcumin via an intragastric tube for 4 weeks . a control group treated with distilled water , and an...
study provides class iii evidence patients seizure free stopped aed treatment long term resective epilepsy surgery nonoperated epilepsy patients in sweden epilepsy surgery procedures reported snesur initiated 1990 an internal control system rejects certain impossible combinations data regular external quality controls ...	objective : to investigate prospective , population - based long - term outcomes concerning seizures and antiepileptic drug ( aed ) treatment after resective epilepsy surgery in sweden.methods : ten- and 5-year follow - ups were performed in 2005 to 2007 for 278/327 patients after resective epilepsy surgery from 1995 ...
prevalence obesity among adolescents united states increased dramatically past 30 years particularly high rates among hispanic african american native american youth 14 currently 33.6% adolescents 1219 years age united states either overweight obese although causes obesity complex widely recognized poor nutrition physi...	purpose . obesity is a serious health threat , particularly among racial / ethnic minorities and those who are uninsured , yet little is known about the implementation of nutrition or exercise counseling or the combination of both among these groups . trends in counseling by race / ethnicity and types of insurance...
student perception dental school experience essential measure success dental education undergraduates feedback suggestions important improving curriculum learning process this information also helps determine students preferences regarding different elements educational experience endodontics teaching considered comple...	objective : this study examined the endodontic experience , perceptions of endodontic practice , and self - rated confidence of dental students enrolled in taibah university , saudi arabia.materials and methods : a questionnaire was distributed to 41 undergraduate dental students registered in endodontic courses in th...
36-year old woman complained insidious onset generalized myoclonus first became apparent age 27 years she perinatal problems development normal childhood juvenile periods adult onset myoclonus worsened progressively right hand four extremities tremulous voice gait disturbance developed 3 years disease onset could conti...	we report a case of a 36-year - old woman with progressive generalized myoclonus that first became apparent 9 years ago . her younger brother had similar problems . examination of her eyes revealed cherry - red spots . hexosaminidase a , -galactosidase and neuraminidase activity were normal . although the labo...
worldwide spread mycobacterium tuberculosis mtb strains resistant isoniazid rifampicin rif multidrug resistant mdr tuberculosis tb become major public health problem posing formidable challenges due complex diagnostic treatment requirements this highlights need rapid molecular diagnostic techniques could help facilitat...	background : xpert mtb / rif assay has revolutionized the diagnosis of tuberculosis ( tb ) by simultaneously detecting the bacteria and resistance to rifampicin ( rif ) , a surrogate marker for multidrug - resistant tb ( mdr - tb ) in < 2 h. the rif resistance pattern in malwa region of punjab , india , is not documen...
hallmark autoimmune diseases pathologic activity immune system organism directed cells tissues the disease direct consequence tissue and/or organ damage mediated autoreactive components immune system autoreactive lymphocytes and/or autoantibodies diagnostic purposes autoantibodies important analytes within systemic aut...	for the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases ( sard ) , patients are screened for anti - nuclear antibodies ( ana ) . ana , as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence ( iif ) , have a poor specificity . this hampers interpretation of positive results in clinical settings with low pretest probability...
mdct benefits high spatial resolution fast acquisition time making ideal tool stage restage tumours the routine use intravenous oral contrast media unless contraindicated also helps delineate sites disease especially within solid organs the identification nodal involvement ct based nodal size typically using minimum cu...	backgroundmultidetector computed tomography ( mdct ) has become the main investigation of choice for staging of many cancers.aimthe purpose of this pictorial review is to discuss the imaging appearances on ct of some of the more common cancers arising within the abdomen and pelvis and to describe their typical sites o...
long term use immunosuppressive agents prevention allograft rejection increases risk malignancy approximately 100 times high general population the prevalence rate post transplant malignancies total differs geographical areas example europe rate 1.6% australia 24% mean 6% skin cancers mostly squamous cell carcinoma scc...	introductionthe long - term use of immunosuppressive agents for prevention of allograft rejection increases the risk of malignancy approximately 100 times as high as that in the general population and kaposi 's sarcoma ( ks ) is a relatively common malignancy after kidney transplantation . the aim of present study w...
breast cancer common cancer among american women except skin cancers the chance developing invasive breast cancer time woman life little less 12% it second leading cause cancer death women exceeded lung cancer the chance breast cancer responsible woman death 3% although clinical signs disseminated disease occur fewer 1...	breast cancer remains a major cause of death in women in the developed world . as toll - like receptors ( tlrs ) are widely expressed on tumor cells and play important roles in the initiation and progression of cancer , they may thus serve as important targets and have an effective perspective on breast cancer treat...
forensic odontology established important often indispensible science medicolegal matters identification dead the forensic importance dental tissue well recognized tooth hardest human tissues they well preserved long period even death hence dental remains stable biological evidence encountered crime cases yield useful ...	objective : the aim of the study was to determine blood groups and rhesus factor from dentin and pulp using absorption - elution ( ae ) technique in different time periods at 0 , 3 , 6 , 9 and 12 months , respectively.materials and methods : a total of 150 cases , 30 patients each at 0 , 3 , 6 , 9 and 12 months were i...
cystic echinococcosis ce severe zoonosis caused cyclophyllidean cestode echinococcus granulosus the disease worldwide distribution endemic regions many countries mediterranean basin north east africa western central asia china south america australia 1 2 although distribution echinococcus granulosus considered worldwid...	a cross - sectional study was conducted from october 2007 to november 2008 to estimate the prevalence of hydatidosis in slaughtered cattle from two abattoirs in mongu , western province , zambia , using prospective and retrospective data . out of the 4061 cattle examined during postmortem inspection , 84 ( 2.1% ) we...
septic internal jugular vein sigmoid sinus thrombosis rare condition complicates local regional infectious inflammatory processes occurring head neck these include deep neck infections lemierre syndrome central venous catheterization cvc cannulation17 this life threatening condition prompt management essential decrease...	septic internal jugular vein - sigmoid sinus thrombosis ( ijv - sst ) associated with a malpositioned central venous catheter is a rare condition . it is potentially life - threatening and necessitates early diagnosis and rapid administration of appropriate medications . unfortunately , it is difficult to diagnose...
also used treat multiple myeloma bone metastases calcium disorders 2 these patients reportedly often develop bisphosphonaterelated osteonecrosis jaw bronj caused subsequent dental surgery 3 4 general thought nitrogencontaining bisphosphonates much high risk osteonecrosis nitrogen notcontaining bisphosphonates thus medi...	key clinical messagemedicationrelated osteonecrosis of the jaw ( mronj ) is developed even in the patients who are edentulous and treated with shortterm bisphosphonate therapy and oral administration . it sometimes causes lethal sepsis in patients who have multiple health problems such as diabetes , cirrhosis , ster...
supported nci 2p50 ca09825806 nci u01 ca168394 stand cancer aacr dream team translational cancer research grant su2c aacr dt0209 tcga gdac grant nih nci u24 ca143883 gbm mdacc uterine spore career development award nci p50ca098258 lwt	pik3r1 ( encoding the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ) is the 11th most frequently mutated gene across tumors . we recently reported neomorphic p85 mutants that induce signaling cascades not predicted by the canonical functions of p85 , suggesting the need to functionally annotate specific mutations in...
review current knowledge nonpharmacologic approaches prevention early treatment type 2 diabetes this study reviewed research reports dealing nonpharmacologic interventions aimed preventing type 2 diabetes early lifestyle interventions the results randomized controlled trials show people impaired glucose tolerance recei...	objectiveto review the current knowledge about nonpharmacologic approaches in the prevention and early treatment of type 2 diabetes.research design and methodsthis study reviewed the research reports dealing with nonpharmacologic interventions aimed at preventing type 2 diabetes with early lifestyle interventions.resu...
function sensory receptors nrec movement control muscle coordination perception space position temporo mandibular joint tmj fundamental although presence nrec tmj still debated authors reported lack nervous fibers articular disk 1,2 florid innervation tmj reported several studies animal models human 3 6 suggested 6 con...	aim : a study was performed on the articular disk and periarticular tissues of the temporo - mandibular joint ( tmj ) with immunohistochemical techniques to give evidence to the presence of neuroreceptors ( nrec ) in these sites . methods : the study was carried out on tissue samples obtained from 10 subjects without ...
areview history mental disorders shows wide prevalence among human beings always a glance statistics reveals mental disorders abnormalities affecting humans increasing pace world health organization report revealed incidence mental disorders 10% among young adults noorbala et al study mental health among individuals 15...	background : neurolinguistic programming ( nlp ) refers to the science and art of reaching success and perfection . it is a collection of the skills based on human beings psychological characteristics through which the individuals obtain the ability to use their personal capabilities as much as possible . this stu...
polycystic ovary syndrome pcos first reported 1935 known one common endocrine hormones disorders women reproductive age afflicting many 10 the name syndrome derived appearance ovaries afflicted women ovary enlarged size full cysts these cysts form follicles filled liquid sacs full developed ovum due lack set standard u...	background : polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive women . nearly 10% of young women in this period involved . although factors such as insulin resistance , hyper insulinemia , obesity and dietary are suggested to be associated with pcos , cause of pcos is not com...
milrinone phosphodiesterase iii inhibitor currently used treat pediatric patients cardiac diseases increases level cyclic adenosine monophosphate myocardium vascular smooth muscle high levels cyclic adenosine monophosphate enhance contractility myocardium increasing calcium influx relaxing vascular smooth muscles,1 the...	background and objectivesmilrinone is often used in children to treat acute heart failure and prevent low cardiac output syndrome after cardiac surgery . due to the lack of studies on the long - term milrinone use in children , the objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the current patterns o...

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