question_id,question,ground_truth_answer,evidence_doc,question_type
qa_001,What temperature must superconducting qubits be cooled down to?,Superconducting qubits must typically be cooled down to approximately 15 millikelvin (-273.135 degrees Celsius) using dilution refrigerators.,Quantum Computing Fundamentals,factoid
qa_002,What quantum hardware architectures exist besides superconducting circuits?,Trapped-ion systems (used by IonQ and Quantinuum) and photonic quantum computers.,Quantum Computing Fundamentals,synthesis
qa_003,What is the primary mirror of the James Webb Space Telescope composed of?,The 6.5-meter diameter primary mirror is composed of 18 hexagonal segments made from gold-plated beryllium.,James Webb Space Telescope Overview,factoid
qa_004,Where is the James Webb Space Telescope stationed in space?,"It is stationed at the Sun-Earth Second Lagrange Point (L2), approximately 1.5 million kilometers from Earth.",James Webb Space Telescope Overview,factoid
qa_005,What are the four primary scientific instruments onboard JWST?,"NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera), NIRSpec (Near-Infrared Spectrograph), MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument), and FGS/NIRISS (Fine Guidance Sensor and Near-Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph).",James Webb Space Telescope Overview,factoid
qa_006,What battery chemistries are typically deployed for short-duration grid storage?,Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) or nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) chemistries providing 2 to 4 hours of storage.,Renewable Energy and Modern Grid Storage,factoid
qa_007,Which technology accounts for over 90% of global operational energy storage capacity?,Pumped-storage hydroelectricity.,Renewable Energy and Modern Grid Storage,factoid
qa_008,How does green hydrogen contribute to seasonal renewable energy storage?,Green hydrogen is produced through water electrolysis powered by surplus renewable electricity and can be stored for seasonal demand and heavy industrial decarbonization.,Renewable Energy and Modern Grid Storage,synthesis
qa_009,Compare the cooling requirements of superconducting quantum processors with JWST instruments.,"Superconducting qubits require ultra-cryogenic dilution refrigeration to 15 millikelvin (-273.135 °C), whereas JWST instruments operate below 50 Kelvin (-223 °C) utilizing a passive 5-layer sunshield and onboard cryocoolers.",Multi-Document Synthesis (Quantum + JWST),comparative
qa_010,What algorithm threatens legacy cryptographic standards if fault-tolerant quantum computing is achieved?,Shor's algorithm.,Quantum Computing Fundamentals,factoid