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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychophysical
Psychophysical relates to the relationship between one's internal (psychic) and external (physical) worlds. Psychophysical may refer to: Psychophysics, the subdiscipline of psychology dealing with the relationship between physical stimuli and their subjective correlates Psychophysiology, the branch of psychology that...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union%20type
In computer science, a union is a value that may have any of several representations or formats within the same position in memory; that consists of a variable that may hold such a data structure. Some programming languages support special data types, called union types, to describe such values and variables. In other ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record%20%28computer%20science%29
In computer science, a record (also called a structure, struct, or compound data) is a basic data structure. Records in a database or spreadsheet are usually called "rows". A record is a collection of fields, possibly of different data types, typically in a fixed number and sequence. The fields of a record may also b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljup%C4%8Do%20Jordanovski
Ljupčo Jordanovski (, ; 13 February 1953 – 7 October 2010) was a Macedonian seismologist and politician. Education background Jordanovski was born in Štip. He received his BEng in Electrical Engineering from the University of Zagreb. He received his PhD from the University of Southern California in 1985. Political ac...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass%20%28drawing%20tool%29
A compass, more accurately known as a pair of compasses, is a technical drawing instrument that can be used for inscribing circles or arcs. As dividers, it can also be used as a tool to mark out distances, in particular, on maps. Compasses can be used for mathematics, drafting, navigation and other purposes. Prior to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachem%20Holding
Bachem Holding AG is a Swiss bio-technology company active in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry and pharmaceuticals. It specializes in the commercial production of peptides and complex organic compounds as active pharmaceutical ingredients, in the production of peptide-based biochemicals and in the development of m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion%20map
In mathematics, if is a subset of then the inclusion map (also inclusion function, insertion, or canonical injection) is the function that sends each element of to treated as an element of A "hooked arrow" () is sometimes used in place of the function arrow above to denote an inclusion map; thus: (However, som...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillip%20Hagar%20Smith
Phillip Hagar Smith (April 29, 1905 in Lexington, Massachusetts – August 29, 1987 in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey) was an electrical engineer, who became famous for his invention of the Smith chart. Smith graduated from Tufts College in 1928 with a BS degree in electrical engineering. While working for Bell Telephone L...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimodule
In abstract algebra, a bimodule is an abelian group that is both a left and a right module, such that the left and right multiplications are compatible. Besides appearing naturally in many parts of mathematics, bimodules play a clarifying role, in the sense that many of the relationships between left and right modules ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Volkerding
Patrick Volkerding (born October 20, 1966) is the founder and maintainer of the Slackware Linux distribution. Volkerding is Slackware's "Benevolent Dictator for Life" (BDFL), and is also known informally as "The Man". Personal life Volkerding earned a Bachelor of Science in computer science from Minnesota State Univer...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order%20%28group%20theory%29
In mathematics, the order of a finite group is the number of its elements. If a group is not finite, one says that its order is infinite. The order of an element of a group (also called period length or period) is the order of the subgroup generated by the element. If the group operation is denoted as a multiplication,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose%20acetate
In biochemistry, cellulose acetate refers to any acetate ester of cellulose, usually cellulose diacetate. It was first prepared in 1865. A bioplastic, cellulose acetate is used as a film base in photography, as a component in some coatings, and as a frame material for eyeglasses; it is also used as a synthetic fiber in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating%20series
In mathematics, an alternating series is an infinite series of the form or with for all . The signs of the general terms alternate between positive and negative. Like any series, an alternating series converges if and only if the associated sequence of partial sums converges. Examples The geometric series 1/2 − 1/4...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua%20Lederberg
Joshua Lederberg, ForMemRS (May 23, 1925 – February 2, 2008) was an American molecular biologist known for his work in microbial genetics, artificial intelligence, and the United States space program. He was 33 years old when he won the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that bacteria can mate a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20algebra
In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as ring theory, a free algebra is the noncommutative analogue of a polynomial ring since its elements may be described as "polynomials" with non-commuting variables. Likewise, the polynomial ring may be regarded as a free commutative algebra. Definition ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrus%20Apianus
Petrus Apianus (April 16, 1495 – April 21, 1552), also known as Peter Apian, Peter Bennewitz, and Peter Bienewitz, was a German humanist, known for his works in mathematics, astronomy and cartography. His work on "cosmography", the field that dealt with the earth and its position in the universe, was presented in his m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay%20Semyonov
Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov (or Semënov), (; – 25 September 1986) (often referred to in English as Semenoff, Semenov, Semionov, or Semyonova) was a Soviet physicist and chemist. Semyonov was awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the mechanism of chemical transformation. Life and career Semyono...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Frumkin
Alexander Naumovich Frumkin (Алекса́ндр Нау́мович Фру́мкин) (October 24, 1895 – May 27, 1976) was a Russian/Soviet electrochemist, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1932, founder of the Russian Journal of Electrochemistry Elektrokhimiya and receiver of the Hero of Socialist Labor award. The Russian Academ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Man%20Who%20Stole%20the%20Sun
is a 1979 Japanese thriller film, directed by Hasegawa Kazuhiko. Plot Makoto Kido, a high school science and chemistry teacher, has decided to build his own atomic bomb. Before stealing plutonium isotopes from Tōkai Nuclear Power Plant, he is involved in the botched hijack of one of his school's buses during a field t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Babe%C8%99
Victor Babeș (; 28 July 1854 in Vienna – 19 October 1926 in Bucharest) was a Romanian physician, bacteriologist, academician and professor. One of the founders of modern microbiology, Victor Babeș is author of one of the first treatises of bacteriology in the world – Bacteria and their role in pathological anatomy and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brane%20cosmology
Brane cosmology refers to several theories in particle physics and cosmology related to string theory, superstring theory and M-theory. Brane and bulk The central idea is that the visible, three-dimensional universe is restricted to a brane inside a higher-dimensional space, called the "bulk" (also known as "hyperspa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tris
Tris, or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, or known during medical use as tromethamine or THAM, is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2)3CNH2, one of the twenty Good's buffers. It is extensively used in biochemistry and molecular biology as a component of buffer solutions such as in TAE and TBE buffers, especiall...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialysis%20%28chemistry%29
In chemistry, dialysis is the process of separating molecules in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane, such as dialysis tubing. Dialysis is a common laboratory technique that operates on the same principle as medical dialysis. In the context of life science research, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assay
An assay is an investigative (analytic) procedure in laboratory medicine, mining, pharmacology, environmental biology and molecular biology for qualitatively assessing or quantitatively measuring the presence, amount, or functional activity of a target entity. The measured entity is often called the analyte, the measur...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclease
In biochemistry, a nuclease (also archaically known as nucleodepolymerase or polynucleotidase) is an enzyme capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides of nucleic acids. Nucleases variously effect single and double stranded breaks in their target molecules. In living organisms, they are essential m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Duff%20%28physicist%29
Michael James Duff FRS, FRSA is a British theoretical physicist and pioneering theorist of supergravity who is the Principal of the Faculty of Physical Sciences and Abdus Salam Chair of Theoretical Physics at Imperial College London. Education Duff completed his Bachelor of Science in Physics Queen Mary College, Londo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wobble
Wobble or wobbles may refer to: "Wobble" (song), a single by V.I.C. "Wobble", a song by Flo Rida from his 2015 EP My House Wobbles (equine disorder), a disorder of the nervous system in dogs and horses Wobble base pair, a type of base pairing in genetics Chandler wobble, short-term periodic change in Earth's axia...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationalization
Rationalization may refer to: Rationalization (economics), an attempt to change an ad hoc workflow into one based on published rules; also, jargon for a reduction in staff Rationalisation (mathematics), the process of removing a square root or imaginary number from the denominator of a fraction Rationalization (psy...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSNET
The Computer Science Network (CSNET) was a computer network that began operation in 1981 in the United States. Its purpose was to extend networking benefits, for computer science departments at academic and research institutions that could not be directly connected to ARPANET, due to funding or authorization limitation...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohen%E2%80%93Macaulay%20ring
In mathematics, a Cohen–Macaulay ring is a commutative ring with some of the algebro-geometric properties of a smooth variety, such as local equidimensionality. Under mild assumptions, a local ring is Cohen–Macaulay exactly when it is a finitely generated free module over a regular local subring. Cohen–Macaulay rings p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann%E2%80%93Hurwitz%20formula
In mathematics, the Riemann–Hurwitz formula, named after Bernhard Riemann and Adolf Hurwitz, describes the relationship of the Euler characteristics of two surfaces when one is a ramified covering of the other. It therefore connects ramification with algebraic topology, in this case. It is a prototype result for many o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannonball%20%28disambiguation%29
A cannonball is round shot ammunition for a cannon. Cannonball or cannon ball may also refer to: Biology Couroupita guianensis, an evergreen tree commonly called the cannonball tree Sphaerobolus, a genus commonly known as the cannonball fungi Cannonball jellyfish, a species of jellyfish Film and television Canno...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centered%20hexagonal%20number
In mathematics and combinatorics, a centered hexagonal number, or hex number, is a centered figurate number that represents a hexagon with a dot in the center and all other dots surrounding the center dot in a hexagonal lattice. The following figures illustrate this arrangement for the first four centered hexagonal num...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5CRK
In cryptography, MD5CRK was a volunteer computing effort (similar to distributed.net) launched by Jean-Luc Cooke and his company, CertainKey Cryptosystems, to demonstrate that the MD5 message digest algorithm is insecure by finding a collision two messages that produce the same MD5 hash. The project went live on March ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-satisfiability
In computer science, 2-satisfiability, 2-SAT or just 2SAT is a computational problem of assigning values to variables, each of which has two possible values, in order to satisfy a system of constraints on pairs of variables. It is a special case of the general Boolean satisfiability problem, which can involve constrain...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminator%20%28genetics%29
In genetics, a transcription terminator is a section of nucleic acid sequence that marks the end of a gene or operon in genomic DNA during transcription. This sequence mediates transcriptional termination by providing signals in the newly synthesized transcript RNA that trigger processes which release the transcript R...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-40
STS-40, the eleventh launch of Space Shuttle Columbia, was a nine-day mission in June 1991. It carried the Spacelab module for Spacelab Life Sciences 1 (SLS-1), the fifth Spacelab mission and the first dedicated solely to biology. STS-40 was the first spaceflight that included three women crew members. Crew Backup cr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed%20graph%20theorem
In mathematics, the closed graph theorem may refer to one of several basic results characterizing continuous functions in terms of their graphs. Each gives conditions when functions with closed graphs are necessarily continuous. Graphs and maps with closed graphs If is a map between topological spaces then the gra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20J.%20Cram
Donald James Cram (April 22, 1919 – June 17, 2001) was an American chemist who shared the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Jean-Marie Lehn and Charles J. Pedersen "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity." They were the founders of the field of host–guest ch...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program%20synthesis
In computer science, program synthesis is the task to construct a program that provably satisfies a given high-level formal specification. In contrast to program verification, the program is to be constructed rather than given; however, both fields make use of formal proof techniques, and both comprise approaches of di...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective%20nuclear%20charge
In atomic physics, the effective nuclear charge is the actual amount of positive (nuclear) charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom. The term "effective" is used because the shielding effect of negatively charged electrons prevent higher energy electrons from experiencing the full nuclear charge of th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldol
In organic chemistry, an aldol describes a structural motif consisting of a 3-hydroxy ketone, , or 3-hydroxyaldehyde, . Both are composed of a hydroxy group () and either a ketone () or an aldehyde (, which is merely a ketone with a hydrogen substituent). An aldol consisting of a 3-hydroxy ketone is called a β-hydroxy ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldol%20condensation
An aldol condensation is a condensation reaction in organic chemistry in which two carbonyl moieties (of aldehydes or ketones) react to form a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone (an aldol reaction), and this is then followed by dehydration to give a conjugated enone. The overall reaction equation is as follows (wher...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steiner%20tree%20problem
In combinatorial mathematics, the Steiner tree problem, or minimum Steiner tree problem, named after Jakob Steiner, is an umbrella term for a class of problems in combinatorial optimization. While Steiner tree problems may be formulated in a number of settings, they all require an optimal interconnect for a given set o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identification%20key
In biology, an identification key, taxonomic key, or biological key is a printed or computer-aided device that aids the identification of biological entities, such as plants, animals, fossils, microorganisms, and pollen grains. Identification keys are also used in many other scientific and technical fields to identify...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial%20value%20problem
In multivariable calculus, an initial value problem (IVP) is an ordinary differential equation together with an initial condition which specifies the value of the unknown function at a given point in the domain. Modeling a system in physics or other sciences frequently amounts to solving an initial value problem. In th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20J.%20Griffiths
David Jeffrey Griffiths (born December 5, 1942) is an American physicist and educator. He was on the faculty of Reed College from 1978 through 2009, becoming the Howard Vollum Professor of Science before his retirement. He wrote three highly regarded textbooks for undergraduate physics students. Early life and educat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/115%20%28number%29
115 (one hundred [and] fifteen) is the natural number following 114 and preceding 116. In mathematics 115 has a square sum of divisors: There are 115 different rooted trees with exactly eight nodes, 115 inequivalent ways of placing six rooks on a 6 × 6 chess board in such a way that no two of the rooks attack each ot...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/116%20%28number%29
116 (one hundred [and] sixteen) is the natural number following 115 and preceding 117. In mathematics 116 is a noncototient, meaning that there is no solution to the equation , where stands for Euler's totient function. 116! + 1 is a factorial prime. There are 116 ternary Lyndon words of length six, and 116 irreduc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/117%20%28number%29
117 (one hundred [and] seventeen) is the natural number following 116 and preceding 118. In mathematics 117 is the smallest possible length of the longest edge of an integer Heronian tetrahedron (a tetrahedron whose edge lengths, face areas and volume are all integers). Its other edge lengths are 51, 52, 53, 80 and 84...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/118%20%28number%29
118 (one hundred [and] eighteen) is the natural number following 117 and preceding 119. In mathematics There is no answer to the equation φ(x) = 118, making 118 a nontotient. Four expressions for 118 as the sum of three positive integers have the same product: 14 + 50 + 54 = 15 + 40 + 63 = 18 + 30 + 70 = 21 + 25 + 72...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantis%20%28disambiguation%29
Mantis is the common name of any insect in the order Mantodea, also commonly known as praying mantises. Mantis may also refer to: Science and technology Biology Mantis (genus), a genus of mantises Mantis shrimp, also known as stomatopods, predatory crustaceans Mantispidae or mantis-flies, small predatory insects ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path%20length
Path length can refer to: Physics Distance, the total distance an object travels dependent on its path through space Optical path length, the product of the distance light travels and the refractive index of the medium it travels through Mean free path, the average distance that a particle travels before scattering...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth%20rate
Growth rate may refer to: By rate Asymptotic analysis, a branch of mathematics concerned with the analysis of growth rates Linear growth Exponential growth, a growth rate classification Any of a variety of growth rates classified by such things as the Landau notation By type of growing medium Economic growth, the inc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindbladian
In quantum mechanics, the Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan–Lindblad equation (GKSL equation, named after Vittorio Gorini, Andrzej Kossakowski, George Sudarshan and Göran Lindblad), master equation in Lindblad form, quantum Liouvillian, or Lindbladian is one of the general forms of Markovian master equations describing open...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphism%20%28biology%29
In biology, polymorphism is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species. To be classified as such, morphs must occupy the same habitat at the same time and belong to a panmictic population (one with random mating). Put simp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA%20Factoring%20Challenge
The RSA Factoring Challenge was a challenge put forward by RSA Laboratories on March 18, 1991 to encourage research into computational number theory and the practical difficulty of factoring large integers and cracking RSA keys used in cryptography. They published a list of semiprimes (numbers with exactly two prime fa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal%20sum
In mathematics, a formal sum, formal series, or formal linear combination may be: In group theory, an element of a free abelian group, a sum of finitely many elements from a given basis set multiplied by integer coefficients. In linear algebra, an element of a vector space, a sum of finitely many elements from a given ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor%20calculus
In mathematics, tensor calculus, tensor analysis, or Ricci calculus is an extension of vector calculus to tensor fields (tensors that may vary over a manifold, e.g. in spacetime). Developed by Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro and his student Tullio Levi-Civita, it was used by Albert Einstein to develop his general theory of r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduce%20%28computer%20algebra%20system%29
Reduce is a general-purpose computer algebra system geared towards applications in physics. The development of the Reduce computer algebra system was started in the 1960s by Anthony C. Hearn. Since then, many scientists from all over the world have contributed to its development under his direction. Reduce is written...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Genetical%20Theory%20of%20Natural%20Selection
The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection is a book by Ronald Fisher which combines Mendelian genetics with Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, with Fisher being the first to argue that "Mendelism therefore validates Darwinism" and stating with regard to mutations that "The vast majority of large mutations ar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enigma
Enigma may refer to: Riddle, someone or something that is mysterious or puzzling Biology ENIGMA, a class of gene in the LIM domain Computing and technology Enigma (company), a New York–based data-technology startup Enigma machine, a family of German electro-mechanical encryption machines Enigma, the codename for Red ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel%20Cramer
Gabriel Cramer (; 31 July 1704 – 4 January 1752) was a Genevan mathematician. He was the son of physician Jean Cramer and Anne Mallet Cramer. Biography Cramer showed promise in mathematics from an early age. At 18 he received his doctorate and at 20 he was co-chair of mathematics at the University of Geneva. In 1728...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-43
STS-43, the ninth mission for Space Shuttle Atlantis, was a nine-day mission whose primary goal was launching the TDRS-E satellite (TDRS-5). The flight also tested an advanced heatpipe radiator for potential use on the then-future space station and conducted a variety of medical and materials science investigations. C...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Hooton%20Taylor%20Jr.
Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. (born March 29, 1941) is an American astrophysicist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physics for his discovery with Russell Alan Hulse of a "new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation." Early life and education Taylor was born in Philadelphia t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20Hawley
Steven Alan Hawley (born December 12, 1951) is a former NASA astronaut who flew on five U.S. Space Shuttle flights. He is professor of physics and astronomy and director of engineering physics at the University of Kansas. Early life Hawley was born December 12, 1951, in Ottawa, Kansas, to Dr. and Mrs. Bernard Hawley....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%20Alan%20Hulse
Russell Alan Hulse (born November 28, 1950) is an American physicist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, shared with his thesis advisor Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr., "for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation". Biography Hulse was born in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario%20Molina
Mario José Molina Henríquez (19 March 19437 October 2020) was a Mexican physical chemist. He played a pivotal role in the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole, and was a co-recipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his role in discovering the threat to the Earth's ozone layer from chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gas...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOSCI
BIOSCI, also known as Bionet, is a set of electronic communication forum used by life scientists around the world. It includes the Bionet Usenet newsgroups and parallel e-mail lists, with public archives since 1992 at www.bio.net. BIOSCI/Bionet provides public, open access biology news and discussion for areas such a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henderson%E2%80%93Hasselbalch%20equation
In chemistry and biochemistry, the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a chemical solution of a weak acid to the numerical value of the acid dissociation constant, Ka, of acid and the ratio of the concentrations, of the acid and its conjugate base in an equilibrium. For example, the acid may be acetic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invagination
Invagination is the process of a surface folding in on itself to form a cavity, pouch or tube. In developmental biology, invagination is a mechanism that takes place during gastrulation. This mechanism or cell movement happens mostly in the vegetal pole. Invagination consists of the folding of an area of the exterior s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidase
In biochemistry, an oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes oxidation-reduction reactions, especially one involving dioxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. In reactions involving donation of a hydrogen atom, oxygen is reduced to water (H2O) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Some oxidation reactions, such as those involving mono...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swallowtail
Swallowtail may refer to: Swallowtail catastrophe or swallowtail surface, a singularity occurring in the part of mathematics called catastrophe theory Swallow-tail coat, a formal tailcoat worn traditionally as part of the white tie dress code Swallowtail butterfly, large colorful butterflies from the family Papilion...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population%20dynamics
Population dynamics is the type of mathematics used to model and study the size and age composition of populations as dynamical systems. History Population dynamics has traditionally been the dominant branch of mathematical biology, which has a history of more than 220 years, although over the last century the scope ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Boardman%20%28physicist%29
Jack Melton Boardman, commonly known as John Boardman, (born September 8, 1932) is an American physicist. He is a former professor of physics at Brooklyn College; a noted science fiction fan, author and fanzine publisher; and a gaming authority. Academic career Boardman earned his BA at the University of Chicago in 1...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodge%20theory
In mathematics, Hodge theory, named after W. V. D. Hodge, is a method for studying the cohomology groups of a smooth manifold M using partial differential equations. The key observation is that, given a Riemannian metric on M, every cohomology class has a canonical representative, a differential form that vanishes und...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starvation%20%28computer%20science%29
In computer science, resource starvation is a problem encountered in concurrent computing where a process is perpetually denied necessary resources to process its work. Starvation may be caused by errors in a scheduling or mutual exclusion algorithm, but can also be caused by resource leaks, and can be intentionally ca...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramification%20group
In number theory, more specifically in local class field theory, the ramification groups are a filtration of the Galois group of a local field extension, which gives detailed information on the ramification phenomena of the extension. Ramification theory of valuations In mathematics, the ramification theory of valuati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Of%20Moths%20and%20Men
Of Moths and Men is a book by journalist Judith Hooper about the Oxford University ecological genetics school led by E.B. Ford. The book specifically concerns Bernard Kettlewell's experiments on the peppered moth which were intended as experimental validation of evolution. She highlights supposed problems with the me...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetocrystalline%20anisotropy
In physics, a ferromagnetic material is said to have magnetocrystalline anisotropy if it takes more energy to magnetize it in certain directions than in others. These directions are usually related to the principal axes of its crystal lattice. It is a special case of magnetic anisotropy. In other words, the excess en...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGN
TGN may refer to: Tarragona, abbreviation of the city of Tarragona, in Catalonia Thai Global Network, a Thai satellite television channel Texas Government Newsletter, for college students Tyco Global Network, fiber optic network by Tyco International Trans Golgi network in biology IEEE 802.11n Task Group N Thyr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemostasis
In biology, hemostasis or haemostasis is a process to prevent and stop bleeding, meaning to keep blood within a damaged blood vessel (the opposite of hemostasis is hemorrhage). It is the first stage of wound healing. This involves coagulation, which changes blood from a liquid to a gel. Intact blood vessels are central...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer%20Cell%20%28journal%29
Cancer Cell is a peer-reviewed scientific journal scientific journal that publishes articles that provide major advances in cancer research and oncology. The journal considers manuscripts that answer important questions relevant to naturally occurring cancers. Areas covered include basic cancer biology, therapeutic dev...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson%20summation%20formula
In mathematics, the Poisson summation formula is an equation that relates the Fourier series coefficients of the periodic summation of a function to values of the function's continuous Fourier transform. Consequently, the periodic summation of a function is completely defined by discrete samples of the original functi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framhaldssk%C3%B3linn%20%C3%AD%20Vestmannaeyjum
Framhaldsskólinn í Vestmannaeyjum, the comprehensive secondary school of Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland, was founded 1979 when the mechanical engineering, common trades (is. iðnskóli) and the higher education department of the secondary school merged into one. Then in 1997, it also took over the school of maritime navigation...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diophantine%20geometry
In mathematics, Diophantine geometry is the study of Diophantine equations by means of powerful methods in algebraic geometry. By the 20th century it became clear for some mathematicians that methods of algebraic geometry are ideal tools to study these equations. Diophantine geometry is part of the broader field of ari...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse%20kinematics
In computer animation and robotics, inverse kinematics is the mathematical process of calculating the variable joint parameters needed to place the end of a kinematic chain, such as a robot manipulator or animation character's skeleton, in a given position and orientation relative to the start of the chain. Given joint...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crawl
Crawl, The Crawl, or crawling may refer to: Biology Crawling (human), any of several types of human quadrupedal gait Limbless locomotion, the movement of limbless animals over the ground Undulatory locomotion, a type of motion characterized by wave-like movement patterns that act to propel an animal forward Gaming...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukawa%20potential
In particle, atomic and condensed matter physics, a Yukawa potential (also called a screened Coulomb potential) is a potential named after the Japanese physicist Hideki Yukawa. The potential is of the form: where is a magnitude scaling constant, i.e. is the amplitude of potential, is the mass of the particle, is t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Fefferman
Charles Louis Fefferman (born April 18, 1949) is an American mathematician at Princeton University, where he is currently the Herbert E. Jones, Jr. '43 University Professor of Mathematics. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1978 for his contributions to mathematical analysis. Early life and education Fefferman was bor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remainder
In mathematics, the remainder is the amount "left over" after performing some computation. In arithmetic, the remainder is the integer "left over" after dividing one integer by another to produce an integer quotient (integer division). In algebra of polynomials, the remainder is the polynomial "left over" after dividin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon%20transform
In mathematics, the Radon transform is the integral transform which takes a function f defined on the plane to a function Rf defined on the (two-dimensional) space of lines in the plane, whose value at a particular line is equal to the line integral of the function over that line. The transform was introduced in 1917 b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman%20Ramsey%20Jr.
Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. (August 27, 1915 – November 4, 2011) was an American physicist who was awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics, for the invention of the separated oscillatory field method (see Ramsey Interferometry) which had important applications in the construction of atomic clocks. A physics professor at H...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausdorff%20measure
In mathematics, Hausdorff measure is a generalization of the traditional notions of area and volume to non-integer dimensions, specifically fractals and their Hausdorff dimensions. It is a type of outer measure, named for Felix Hausdorff, that assigns a number in [0,∞] to each set in or, more generally, in any metric ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-55
STS-55, or Deutschland 2 (D-2), was the 55th overall flight of the NASA Space Shuttle and the 14th flight of Shuttle Columbia. This flight was a multinational Spacelab flight involving 88 experiments from eleven different nations. The experiments ranged from biology sciences to simple Earth observations. Crew Backup ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20Metropolis
Nicholas Constantine Metropolis (Greek: ; June 11, 1915 – October 17, 1999) was a Greek-American physicist. Metropolis received his BSc (1937) and PhD in physics (1941, with Robert Mulliken) at the University of Chicago. Shortly afterwards, Robert Oppenheimer recruited him from Chicago, where he was collaborating with...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Guthrie
Frederick Guthrie FRS FRSE (15 October 1833 – 21 October 1886) was a British physicist, chemist, and academic author. He was the son of Alexander Guthrie, a London tradesman, and the younger brother of mathematician Francis Guthrie. Along with William Fletcher Barrett he founded the Physical Society of London (now the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20torus
In mathematics, an algebraic torus, where a one dimensional torus is typically denoted by , , or , is a type of commutative affine algebraic group commonly found in projective algebraic geometry and toric geometry. Higher dimensional algebraic tori can be modelled as a product of algebraic groups . These groups were na...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20field%20gradient
In atomic, molecular, and solid-state physics, the electric field gradient (EFG) measures the rate of change of the electric field at an atomic nucleus generated by the electronic charge distribution and the other nuclei. The EFG couples with the nuclear electric quadrupole moment of quadrupolar nuclei (those with spin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid
Hybrid may refer to: Science Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two Vitis species Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two different genetic parent strains Hybrid (particle physics), a valence quark-antiquar...