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The following is a list of the municipal presidents of Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo León.
See also
Governor of Nuevo León
External links
History of Sabinas Hidalgo
Official site of the government of Sabinas Hidalgo (municipality)
sabinas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal%20president%20of%20Sabinas%20Hidalgo |
John Frederick "Jack" Lenz is a Canadian composer. He has written, performed, and produced music for film, television, and theatre, along with working on non-soundtrack album ventures. He is also the founder of Live Unity Enterprises, an organization devoted to the production of music for the Baháʼí community.
Lenz contributed additional music for the John Debney score for Mel Gibson's film The Passion of the Christ. Among his current projects is working on a movie about the persecution of Baháʼís in Iran, particularly the story of Mona Mahmudnizhad who suffered under the persecution in Iran, under the title of Mona's Dream.
He was music director of 90 Minutes Live, with Peter Gzowski on CBC Television from 1976 to 1978.
He resides in Toronto, Ontario.
Background
Lenz was born in Eston, Saskatchewan. His mother was also raised in Saskatchewan, and his father came to Canada from Hungary during the Depression. While still in his youth, Lenz took piano lessons from Garth Beckett and later studied composition at the University of Saskatchewan. Lenz became a professional musician when he played keyboards and flute for the soft-rock bands Seals and Crofts and Loggins and Messina touring around the world, performing before large audiences, and recording. Lenz' involvement in children's issues stems partly from having seven children of his own, as well as being in an arena which avoids "the conflict between what I believe about music and its sacred nature and dealing with what a lot of programming deals with, which sometimes could be the worst aspects of human nature." Lenz joined the Baháʼí Faith in 1969.
Programs
Lenz has done music production work for over 100 programs for various categories of mass media including television series and information/news programming, feature films, movies of the week, documentaries, live to broadcast, and children's television productions for networks like the CBC, NBC, Fox Broadcasting Company, PAX TV, Discovery Channel, Scholastic-HBO, Showtime, and Nelvana / CBS (as well as theatrical works).
"Battle Dogs" for Discovery Channel US - producer and composer (2018–2019, ten episodes)
"Good Witch" for Hallmark (2009 to 2019) (composer - all episodes and films)
"Little Mosque on the Prairie" (2007, 95 episodes)
"Sue Thomas: F.B. Eye" (12 episodes, 2003–2005)
"The Passion of the Christ" (feature film, 2004)
"Goosebumps" (TV series) theme and score for series (34 episodes)
"Due South" (TV series) theme and score for entire series (65 episodes and two 2-hour movies)
"RoboCop: The Series" score and songs for the entire series
13 years of the Hospital for Sick Children's telethon
7 years of YTV's Youth Achievement Awards
A tribute to renowned author Mordecai Richler – musical direction
more than twenty separate television productions back to 1983
Doc, a television series that aired from 2001 to 2004 starring Billy Ray Cyrus as Clint Cassidy, a small-town Montana doctor who moves to New York City.
"Atomic Betty" theme and music score for all episodes
"Nanalan" Seasons One and Two - producer and composer - all episodes for Nickelodeon and CBC and YTV
"Mr. Meaty" Seasons One and Two - producer and composer - all episodes for Nickelodeon
"Weird Years" producer and Composer - all episodes for YTV
"Big Voice" producer and composer - all episodes for OWN and W Network
"Mansions" producer and composer - all episodes for HGTV
"Big and Small" Season One - producer and composer - (52 episodes) for BBC and Treehouse TV
"What's Your News" - producer and composer - all episodes for Nick Jr. and CBC
"Swami Jeff" - producer and composer - all episodes for Teletoon
"Apollo's Pad" - producer and composer - all episodes for Teletoon
"Ninjamaica" pilot for Teletoon - producer and composer
Awards
Nominated for several Gemini Awards:
Best Original Music Score for a Series for:Due South, episode "Free Willie". (1995)
Best Original Music Score for a Dramatic Series for: "Due South", episode "The Gift of the Wheelman". (1996)
Best Pre-School Program or Series for: Nanalan' (2003) (Executive Producer and Music Director)
Winner of several SOCAN Awards:
14th Annual SOCAN Awards 2003
Domestic Non-Animated Television Series Music Award
International Television Series Music Award
News & Sports Television Programming Music Award
16th Annual SOCAN Awards 2005
Domestic Non-Animated Television Series Music Award
Albums or songs on albums
Andrea by Andrea Bocelli (2004) (Go Where Love Goes)
Musical Director of the Inauguration of the Baháʼí Terraces on Mount Carmel in Haifa, Israel, (2001)
Music from the Second Baháʼí World Congress (1992, released 1994) (4 of 16 songs),
Expectation (words from the scriptures of Zoroaster, Moses, Isaiah, Krishna, Buddha, Jesus Christ, Muhammad. Music by Jack Lenz)
See the Light
Glad Tidings
Garden of Ridván
Jewel in the Lotus (1987) (4 of 10 songs)
We Are Baha'is (1982)
Lenz also produced a 6 hr talk on Music and The Arts - The Oneness of Humankind, a spiritual journey explaining the origin of the various art forms and its important necessity in our lives.
Lenz performed flute on 1977's Loggins and Messina Finale (album).
Lenz, with Tony Kosinec, Alan Smith and Pat Arbour, wrote the Toronto Blue Jays "OK Blue Jays" song, which has become the Jays anthem, and is sung during the seventh-inning stretch at the Rogers Centre.
Artists
Lenz has done production work for Paul Gross, David Keeley, Doug Cameron, Adam Crossley, Holly Stell, The Crawling Kingsnakes and Ava Bowers.
References
External links
Millennnium Arts Society - Jack Lenz in conversation with Joseph Lerner
Mona's Dream
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Canadian people of Hungarian descent
Canadian Bahá'ís
Canadian film score composers
Male film score composers
Canadian television composers
Converts to the Bahá'í Faith
20th-century Bahá'ís
21st-century Bahá'ís | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Lenz |
The Hampshire Council of Governments was a government entity with principal offices in Northampton, Massachusetts.
History
The county government was abolished by the state in 1999 with a Hampshire Council of Governments formed in its place. Hampshire Care Hospital was transferred over to the council from the county government
While the state law allowing municipal and regional governments to form regional cohorts was passed in 1997, the council began its electricity supplier program in 2006 with school districts and municipal governments as clients. In 2010, the council move to become the franchised electricity supplier for residential service in the member-towns.
Hadley town meeting voted to withdrawal from the council on October 5, 2017, while Belchertown Town Meeting voted to leave on May 14, 2018.
With no inherent source of income, given liabilities and no regional planning function, the Council of Governments ended up winding up operations in 2019.
Membership
Membership in the Hampshire Council was voluntary. By the end of its existence, towns with full membership included Belchertown, Chesterfield, Cummington, Goshen, Granby, Hadley, Hatfield, Huntington, Middlefield, Pelham, Plainfield, South Hadley, Southampton, Westhampton, and Williamsburg. Each town had one or more Councilors, elected by the voters in their local Town Elections.
Programs
The Cooperative Purchasing Coop'' coordinated and administered a formal bidding process for bulk buying.Hampshire County Group Insurance TrustThe Hampshire Councilors served as the trustees of the Hampshire County Group Insurance Trust, a cooperative effort to provide health and life insurance for 68 governmental units - of which twenty-six are public employers in Hampshire County, thirty-six in Franklin County, three in Hampden County, and three in Worcester County. The Insurance Trust served approximately 10,000 employees and their dependents.Hampshire Power and Community Choice Electricity AggregationThe council had two programs providing low-cost electricity to customers in Western Massachusetts.
Hampshire Power serves eighty town governments, school districts, and fire and water districts in Berkshire, Franklin, Hampden, Hampshire, and Worcester Counties. As of August 2012, customers have saved over $1.6 million on their bills. In addition, Hampshire Power serves one state agency, plus several non-profits and businesses.
The Hampshire Council filed petitions for Municipal Aggregation of Electricity on behalf of 35 communities in Berkshire, Franklin, Hampden, Hampshire, and Worcester Counties. After approval by state regulators, the council would arrange supply for those customers who have not chosen an independent supplier in the communities. These included Great Barrington in Berkshire County; Hampden in Hampden County; thirteen participating communities in Hampshire County including Chesterfield, Cummington, Goshen, Granby, Hadley, Hatfield, Huntington, Middlefield, Northampton, Pelham, Plainfield, Westhampton, and Williamsburg; twelve Franklin County participating towns including Charlemont, Conway, Deerfield, Gill, Heath, Leverett, Montague, Northfield, Rowe, Warwick, Wendell, and Whately; and eight Worcester County participating towns: Barre, Brookfield, East Brookfield, Mendon, New Braintree, North Brookfield, Upton, and West Brookfield.
In addition to these 35 communities, other towns and cities working to complete the initial process, included Egremont and Washington in Berkshire County; Bernardston and Orange in Franklin County; Blandford, Holland, Ludlow, Monson, and Montgomery in Hampden County; and Athol, Berlin, Charlton, Hardwick, Leicester, Millville, and Oxford in Worcester County. Altogether, the 51 communities had a combined population of over 230,000 people.Regional ServicesThe Regional Services Department developed regional approaches to problems shared by Hampshire County municipalities, including securing surplus federal equipment. Regional Services oversaw the Hampshire Inspection Program that provided building inspection and zoning enforcement services. The department produced a wage and salary survey of all municipal positions in Hampshire County.Health ProgramsThe council was involved in tobacco prevention efforts through the Tobacco Free Network serving both Franklin and Hampshire Counties. Funding for this program was provided by a grant from the Department of Public Health.
As an integral part of the Hampshire County Group Insurance Trust, the Hampshire Council ran a Wellness Initiative.Other ProgramsIn addition to the various departments, programs, and services, the Councilors attended monthly Full Board Meetings as well as Standing Committee Meetings, including the Executive Committee, Human Services Municipal Advisory Committee, Legislative, Charter & Code Committee, Regional Services Municipal Advisory Committee, Electric Committee, and Finance Committee. Each Committee had oversight of specific departments and programs and continues to look for ways to increase revenue and provide services.
The Executive Committee was responsible for the more routine activities of the council and its various departments, oversees the carrying out of the policies voted by the Councilors and the duties of the Council Administrator, reviewed the proposed budget, acted as the Road Viewing and Hearing Committee, and served as the Real Estate Tax Appeal Board.
The Human Services Committee was responsible for all health-related programs.
The Legislative, Charter & Code Committee was generally responsible for the council's interest in all matters primarily concerned with State legislation. The committee was also entrusted with making recommendations to the Full Council for proposed amendments to the Council Charter and to review the Administrative Code.
The Regional Services Committee served as liaison with the Hampshire County Fire Defense Association, and provided general supervision of the Regional Services and Cooperative Purchasing Departments. The committee was, towards the end of its operations, attempting to increase its exposure and advertising outreach.
The Electricity Committee''' pursued cost-saving energy supply for Hampshire County municipalities, residents, businesses, and non-profits.
References
External links
Hampshire Council of Governments (archived)
Local government in Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampshire%20Council%20of%20Governments |
The Young Ambassadors are a song and dance performing group from Brigham Young University (BYU). Consisting of 20 performers, 10 male and 10 female, they were founded by Janie Thompson in 1969. Since their first international performance at the 1970 World Fair in Osaka, Japan, they have performed in over 68 countries.
History
Ernest L. Wilkinson, then president of BYU, asked Janie Thompson, who had just returned from a mission for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), to found the Program Bureau in 1952. She accepted Wilkinson's request, though she had to reject an offer from the Ike Carpenter band. BYU was invited to send a group to represent the United States at the 1970 World Fair in Osaka, Japan. Assisted by Harry Schultz, Thompson had created a performing group in 1969 called the Brigham Young Ambassadors. "Brigham" was dropped from the name in 1970 and the group became known as Young Ambassadors. Randy Boothe, the current director of the group, was recruited for the show. The audience received the group well and the Young Ambassadors continued to receive invitations to perform in front of international audiences. Before a tour, group members study the language and culture of the countries they tour so they can better interact with the people in the country.
Since their first international performance at world exposition 1970 in Osaka, Japan, they have performed their musical variety show throughout the United States and over 68 other nations. Their audiences have included the prime minister of India, the queen of Thailand, and the king and queen of Jordan. Live and televised appearances in major concert halls and impromptu performances in hospitals, orphanages, town squares and government palaces reach millions of people each year.
The Young Ambassadors company consists of 20 performers (10 men and 10 women), a 10 piece show band (keyboard, drums, guitar and bass guitar, etc.) and technical personnel. The Young Ambassadors have been directed by Randy Boothe since 1978.
Impact
The Young Ambassadors were the first organized group to represent the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) or BYU in the Soviet Union.
In a 1991 speech at BYU, Dallin H. Oaks discussed how the Young Ambassadors overcame the challenges of trying to perform in China in 1978. The challenges were due to the lack of diplomatic relations between China and the United States at the time and the fact that United States tourists were not welcome there. Oaks related the 1978 tour and subsequent tours of the Young Ambassadors to China as contributive to missionary work of LDS Church in China and around the world. Chinese nobility were impressed by the Young Ambassadors, and continued to let them perform in China, even when visits from other performing groups were cancelled. Along with Oaks, French scholar Pierre Vendassi agreed that the performances of the Young Ambassadors in Beijing and other Chinese cities helped establish a relationship between China and the LDS Church.
Past members
Sharlene Wells Hawkes, Miss America 1985
Candese Marchese, Eponine in Broadway cast of Les Misérables
Christeena Michelle Riggs, Eponine in Broadway cast of Les Misérables, Cosette in the 10th Anniversary Production.
Dan Truman, country music group Diamond Rio keyboardist
Emily Tyndall, actress in Napoleon Dynamite
Dallyn Vail Bayles, LDS recording artist, Understudy of Phantom and Raoul in Phantom of the Opera US Tour, Enjolras in US National Tour of Les Mis
Jeff Whiting, associate choreographer to Susan Stroman, founder of Open Jar Institute in NY, creator of Stage Write Software
Summer Naomi Smart, Joseph Jefferson Award winning actress
Directors
Harry Schultz , Director 1970 - 1974
Randy Boothe, Artistic Director
Eric Hansen, Band Director
Ron Simpson, Associate Director (retired)
Janielle Christensen, Assistant Artistic Director
John Shurtleff, Technical Director
Tour history
This tour history beings in 1970 and continues up to present day.
1970 Japan (Osaka World Exposition)
1972 California, Alberta, Idaho, Utah, Wyoming, Montana, Eastern United States
1972-1973 New Mexico, Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, El Salvador
1973-1974 Midwestern United States, Southern California, Nevada, Utah
1975 Utah, Arizona, California, Northern California, Eastern United States, Canada
1975-1976 Southern United States, Central United States, Alberta, California, Nevada, Utah
1977 Arizona, Netherlands, Germany, France, Belgium, Switzerland
1978 California, Utah, New Mexico, Texas, Central Canada, Midwestern United States, Eastern United States
1979 Arizona, New Mexico, California, Northern United States, Canada, Poland, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, People's Republic of China, Republic of China Hong Kong, Guam, Hawaii, California
1980 India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Arizona, New Mexico, Southern United States, Hawaii, People's Republic of China, Philippines, Hong Kong
1980-1981 Romania, Egypt, Greece, Northern California, Colorado, Wyoming, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden, Finland, Norway
1981-1982 Arizona, Northwest United States, India, Sri Lanka, San Diego, California (Holiday Bowl), Southern California, Egypt, Turkey, Jordan, New York, Tennessee World Exposition,
1983 Utah, Southern California, Idaho, Washington, California (twice), Nevada, Japan, People's Republic of China, Republic of China, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, New Zealand, Tahiti, Hawaii
1984 Arizona, Utah, Southern California, Louisiana World Exposition, Southern United States, Northeastern United States
1985 Southern California, Nevada, Northern California, Yugoslavia, Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Egypt, Jordan, Turkey, Greece, Jerash
1986 California, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Canada
1987-1988 Colorado, Missouri, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Washington D.C., New Hampshire, Maine, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Ohio, Illinois, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, United Kingdom, Ireland
1988-1989 Northern California, Georgia, Florida, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Jamaica
1989-1990 Utah, Nevada, California, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland
1991 New Mexico, Texas, Soviet Union
1991-1992 Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia, Washington D.C., Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky
1992-1993 Northern Nevada, California, Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia
1993-1994 Pacific Northwest, Spain, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt
1994-1995 Colorado, Wyoming, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota
1996 Southern California, Vietnam, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China, Philippines, Malaysia
1997 Arizona, Morocco, Tunisia
1998 California, South Africa, Swaziland, Botswana
1999 Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, China
2000 California, Nevada, Colorado, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia
2001 Arizona, Far East Russia, Japan
2002 Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, Alberta, Canada
2003 California, Northern Nevada
2004 Southern Nevada, California, Brazil, Argentina
2005 Colorado, New Mexico, Hong Kong, China, South Korea
2006 Arizona, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois
2007 China, Idaho, Washington, Oregon
2008 Australia, Tasmania, Nevada, Southern California
2009 New Mexico, Texas, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland
2010 Arizona, Illinois
2011 North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Cuba, Nevada, California
2012 South Africa, Botswana, Swaziland
2013 Idaho, Washington, Oregon
2013-2014 Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, China
2015 Nevada, California, Nauvoo, Illinois
2016 Wyoming, Colorado, South Africa, Zimbabwe
2017 Brazil
2018 Utah, Arizona
2018-2019 Southern California, People's Republic of China
Recordings
Albums
Information retrieved from BYU Music Store.
Tapestry: Weaving the Colors of Life (1993)
Of One Heart (1995)
The Neighborhood (1997)
Come Unto Him: A Young Ambassadors Fireside Devotional (1999)
Curtain Time (2000)
Broadway Rhythm (2002)
The Lord is My Light (2003)
Circle of Life (2005)
The New American Songbook (2008)
Harmony: The Music of Life (2012)
Heartsongs: Melodies of Love (2014)
Welcome Home (2018)
Singles
Information retrieved from Apple Music.
Chicago Medley (2017)
Yorktown: The World Turned Upside Down (2017)
My Heavenly Father Loves Me (2016)
Thinking Out Loud (2016)
What Christmas Means to Me (2014)
Videos
Let it Ring (1987) on VHS
Heartsongs: Melodies of Love (2014) on DVD
References
External links
Official Young Ambassadors webpage
BYU Performing Arts Management webpage for Young Ambassadors
BYU Young Ambassadors Alumni
Young Ambassadors, UA 5395 Series 4 Suberies 28 Subseries 8 carton 3 folder 1-3 at L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Brigham Young University
Choirs in Utah
Brigham Young University
Musical groups established in 1970
1970 establishments in Utah
Harold B. Lee Library-related University Archives articles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%20Ambassadors |
Louchuan () were a type of Chinese naval vessels, primarily a floating fortress, which have seen use since the Han dynasty. Meant to be a central vessel in the fleet, the louchuan was equipped for boarding and attacking enemy vessels, as well as with siege weapons including traction trebuchets for ranged combat.
Description
Historical records relating to the louchuan are found in sources such as the Song dynasty military treatise Wujing Zongyao, written during the Song dynasty, and the Taibai Yinjing from the Tang dynasty. From the latter (as translated by British biochemist, sinologist, and historian Joseph Needham), the tower ships were described as:
The use of such ships in riverine warfare, especially along the Chang Jiang, stretches back to the late Han dynasty, and perhaps even earlier.
See also
Naval history of China
Battle of Lake Poyang
References
Chinese inventions
Military history of the Han dynasty
Naval ships of China | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louchuan |
Why Girls Love Sailors is an American comedy short silent film directed by Fred Guiol for Hal Roach Studios. It stars Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy before they had become the comedy team of Laurel and Hardy. It was shot during February 1927 and released July 17, 1927, by Pathé Exchange. It was considered a lost film until the 1980s.
Plot
The film starts with the loading of a ship called the Merry Maiden. Oliver is first mate on the ship and described as "a bully, the nastiest crew member, after the captain of course". He features a beard and a mustache, rather than his usual solitary mustache. Stan plays Willie Brisling a guy who is engaged to Nelly and they are in love. The captain leaves his ship, he sees Nelly and decides he wants her. Stan has a tattoo of a ship on his chest and shows it to the captain. The captain pours a jug of water down Stan's sweater and abducts Nelly. The captain takes Nelly to his ship and Stan sneaks on board to rescue her. Oliver starts to look for Stan. Stan decides to save Nelly his last hope is to get rid of the crew, one by one. Stan disguises himself as a prostitute. The crew begin to fall for his charms. Stan calls one of the crewmen over, he hits the crewman with a cosh and knocks him out. Then he throws the cosh at Oliver, who thinks the crewman threw the cosh. Oliver throws the crewman |overboard, this is repeated until all of the crew are in the sea.
Nelly is being harassed by the captain. The captain's wife appears at the ship. The Captain takes a fancy to Stan. The wife appears as Stan is sat in the captain's lap. The captain's wife takes a gun and goes to shoot her husband. Stan stops her and takes off his wig. Stan says "this was a test to see if you really love your husband". The captain and wife begin to make up. But then the captain indicates he's going to "deal with Stan later". Stan is peeved, he opens the door and Nelly appears. Stan indicates the captain has been up to no good with Nelly and that four other loose women have already gone. The captain's wife is furious, Stan gives her the gun back. Stan and Nelly leave. There is a gunshot in the room. The wife, still angry, sees Stan and Nelly through a porthole and shoots them. Stan and Nelly's clothes fall off revealing their underwear.
Cast
Production
The film marks the first appearance of Anita Garvin in a Laurel and Hardy picture; her involvement in the film was not known until the 1986 rediscovery. Deleted scenes from this film included actress Anna May Wong.
Lost film found
After its initial run in 1927 and particularly after talkies eclipsed silent films marketability, Why Girls Love Sailors went missing in the U.S. for nearly fifty years. Cinémathèque Française had a 16mm print, which French film critic Roland Lacourbe saw in 1971, and pronounced it mediocre.
When it was finally published, it was drawn from a 16mm print in a private collection, and only due to the efforts of a private collector in Copenhagen. Laurel and Hardy author Glenn Mitchell is even less impressed by the film than was Lacourbe: "Why Girls Love Sailors is one of several instances where the status of a 'lost' film has been reduced by its rediscovery," he writes. It is available in Europe on VHS and DVD releases, with reconstructed credits. In the United States, both VHS and DVD editions are out of print.
References
External links
Stills at lordheath.com
1927 films
1927 comedy films
American black-and-white films
American LGBT-related short films
American silent short films
Films directed by Fred Guiol
Laurel and Hardy (film series)
Films with screenplays by H. M. Walker
1920s LGBT-related films
1920s rediscovered films
Rediscovered American films
Silent American comedy films
1920s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why%20Girls%20Love%20Sailors |
is an anime director born in Hokkaidō, Japan. In 1982, Moriwaki founded (now known as ) with Yoshinobu Sanada, Toshiyuki Honda, and Hiroshi Fukutomi). From the first Doraemon movie produced by Shin'ei Dōga until 1989, she was in charge of production for the movies. She then acted as assistant director for Nobita's Monstrous Underwater Castle and the Kaibutsu-kun movie Demon Sword.
Projects
As director
B-PROJECT～Zecchō＊Emotion～
Hime Chen! Otogi Chikku Idol Lilpri
Highschool! Kimen-gumi Movie
Hyper Doll
Jewelpet Kira☆Deco!
Dorami-chan: Mini-Dora SOS
Onegai My Melody (and storyboards)
Onegai! Samia Don
Oruchuban Ebichu
PriPara, (and storyboards)
PriPara Mi~nna no Akogare Let's Go PriPari
Tantei Opera Milky Holmes
Welcome to Demon School! Iruma-kun
Other
Ashita Tenki ni Nare! (storyboards)
Chu-Bra!! (storyboards)
Doraemon: Nobita's Monstrous Underwater Castle (assistant director)
Doraemon: Nobita's Pirate Hiking (storyboards, episode director)
Doraemon: Sasuga no Sarutobi (chief in charge of character production)
Dragon Quest (ep.11 storyboards)
Kaibutsu-kun: Demon Sword (assistant director)
Sonic X (storyboards, episode director)
YAWARA! a fashionable judo girl! (production director)
References
External links
Anime directors
Living people
People from Hokkaido
Japanese women film directors
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makoto%20Moriwaki |
Foster Emerson Sylvers (born February 25, 1962) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist. He is best known for being a member of the family act The Sylvers and his hit single "Misdemeanor".
Biography
Foster Sylvers released his first album, Foster Sylvers, in June 1973. His first single, "Misdemeanor", written by his brother Leon Sylvers III, became a hit that summer, reaching number 7 on the Billboard R&B chart. "Misdemeanor"'s follow-up was a cover of Dee Clark's 1959 hit "Hey Little Girl", and charted at number 63 R&B in fall 1973. The popularity of these records led to Foster to appear on such TV shows as American Bandstand and Soul Train.
In 1974 he released his second album, Foster Sylvers Featuring Pat & Angie Sylvers. By 1975 he joined his brothers and sisters in The Sylvers just in time for the Showcase album. He co-sang lead with his brother Edmund on the number one 1976 Billboard Hot 100 and Hot Soul Singles song "Boogie Fever". While with Capitol, Foster released another self-titled album called Foster Sylvers in early 1978, primarily produced by his family The Sylvers and their managers Al Ross and Bob Cullen. Foster then branched out into studio work just like his big brother Leon collaborating on many projects such as with Dynasty ("Your Piece of the Rock", "When You Feel Like Giving Love", "Satisfied") and Evelyn "Champagne" King ("Shake Down", number 12 R&B, spring 1984). By the late 1980s, Foster recorded two albums as Foster Sylvers & Hy-Tech: 1987's Plain & Simple for EMI America and 1990's Prime Time for A&M.
In 1994, he was convicted of a sex offense and incarcerated. His charge: Oral copulation - victim unconscious of the nature of the act. He remains on the list of sex offenders on the State of California Department of Justice Sex Offenders Profile.
Discography
Studio albums
Singles
References
External links
Foster Sylvers at Discogs
Foster Sylvers at All Music
1962 births
Living people
20th-century African-American male singers
American male pop singers
American rhythm and blues singers
American disco musicians
Capitol Records artists
21st-century African-American people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foster%20Sylvers |
"Mary" is a song by American rock band Scissor Sisters, included on their eponymous debut album as the fourth track. Lead singer Jake Shears wrote "Mary" for his best friend, Mary Hanlon, who later died in April 2006 from a brain aneurysm.
"Mary" was released as a single in the United Kingdom on October 11, 2004, across three formats: a 12-inch picture disc, a regular 12-inch vinyl disc, and a CD single. The song peaking at number 14 on the UK Singles Chart and number 32 on the Irish Singles Chart.
Music video
The video for the single was released in October 2004 and was considered a curio by fans. It was seen as a spoof of Rapunzel and other children's fairy tales. The music video was produced by Don Bluth. Scissor Sisters contacted him after recalling fond memories of an animated sequence in Xanadu. The video also includes a live-action portion, showing a woman getting out of bed, boarding a London Underground train, departing at Canary Wharf tube station and entering and working in a Docklands office. This sequence segues into the animation with her staring into a photocopier, presumably indicating the animated sequence is her daydream.
Track listings
UK 12-inch picture disc
A. "Mary" – 4:45
B. "Laura" (City Hi-Fi remix) – 4:20
UK 12-inch vinyl
A. "Mary" – 4:45
B. "Mary" (Junkie XL mix) – 8:46
UK CD single
"Mary" – 4:45
"Mary" (Junkie XL radio edit) – 3:55
"Take Me Out" (Jo Whiley Session) – 4:32
Charts
Release history
References
External links
Official website
Underground Illusion - The Ultimate Scissor Sisters Database
2000s ballads
2004 singles
2004 songs
EMI Records singles
Music videos directed by Julien Temple
Polydor Records singles
Rock ballads
Scissor Sisters songs
Songs written by Babydaddy
Songs written by Jake Shears | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20%28Scissor%20Sisters%20song%29 |
The Iriondo Department (in Spanish, Departamento Iriondo) is an administrative subdivision (departamento) of the . It is located in the south of the province. It limits with the departments of San Jerónimo in the north, San Lorenzo in the east, Caseros in the south, and Belgrano in the west. It is one of only three departments in Santa Fe that do not border another province.
The department has a population of over 65,000 inhabitants. Its head town and most populated urban center is Cañada de Gómez (population 30,000). Other cities and towns are Bustinza, Carrizales, Classon, Correa, Lucio V. López, Oliveros, Pueblo Andino, Salto Grande, Serodino, Totoras, and Villa Eloísa.
References
Inforama - Municipalities of the Iriondo Department.
Departments of Santa Fe Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iriondo%20Department |
Boot Hill is a multidirectional shooter arcade video game released by Midway in 1977. It is a sequel to the 1975 video game Gun Fight, originally released by Taito as Western Gun in Japan. It was released under license from Taito, as Boot Hill is another version of Western Gun.
Gameplay
Each player uses a small joystick to move their cowboy up and down the play area, while a second, larger joystick is used to aim the pistol and shoot. This larger stick also has a trigger button. The game's goal is to shoot the other player, situated on the opposite side of the game area, with the allocated 6 bullets. Wagons move up the middle and cacti litter the play area, both providing temporary cover from the opponent's gunfire and disintegrate when shot. The player may play against the machine or another person in two player mode.
Reception
In the United States, the third annual RePlay arcade chart listed Boot Hill as the 11th highest-grossing arcade video game of 1977. The first annual Play Meter arcade chart listed Boot Hill as the 14th highest-grossing arcade game of 1977 (or 13th highest video game, excluding the electro-mechanical game F-1). RePlay later listed it as the 20th highest-grossing arcade game of 1978.
It was listed in the book 1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die.
References
External links
Boot Hill at Universal Videogame List
1977 video games
Arcade video games
Arcade-only video games
Midway video games
Taito arcade games
Twin-stick shooters
Video games developed in the United States
Western (genre) video games
Video games set in cemeteries | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot%20Hill%20%28video%20game%29 |
The following is a list of the IRMA's number-one singles of 2001.
See also
2001 in music
List of artists who reached number one in Ireland
2001 in Irish music
2001 record charts
2001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20number-one%20singles%20of%202001%20%28Ireland%29 |
Preimplantation genetic haplotyping (PGH) is a clinical method of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) used to determine the presence of single gene disorders in offspring. PGH provides a more feasible method of gene location than whole-genome association experiments, which are expensive and time-consuming.
PGH differs from common PGD methods such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for two primary reasons. First, rather than focusing on the genetic makeup of an embryo PGH compares the genome of affected and unaffected members of previous generations. This examination of generational variation then allows for a haplotype of genetic markers statistically associated with the target disease to be identified, rather than searching merely for a mutation. PGH is often used to reinforce other methods of genetic testing, and is considered more accurate than certain more common PGD methods because it has been found to reduce risk of misdiagnoses. Studies have found that misdiagnoses due to allele dropout (ADO), one of the most common causes of interpretation error, can be almost eliminated through use of PGH. Further, in the case of mutation due to translocation, PGH is able to detect chromosome abnormality to its full extent by differentiating between embryos carrying balanced forms of a translocation versus those carrying the homologous normal chromosomes. This is an advantage because PGD methods such as FISH are able to reveal whether an embryo will express the phenotypic difference, but not whether an embryo may be a carrier. In 2015, PGH was used in conjunction with a whole-genome amplification (WGA) process to not only diagnose disease but also distinguish meiotic segregation errors from mitotic ones.
Studies are being continually performed in an attempt to utilize and improve PGD methods since their initial invention. It has become increasingly popular because it grants individuals the option of detecting embryo abnormalities before implantation, rather than during the beginning weeks of pregnancy. The latter often results in embryo abortion, presenting an ethical dilemma for many that can now be avoided.
Procedure
PGH uses information regarding family history in conjunction with the use of linked polymorphic markers such as short tandem repeats (STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to locate genes responsible for disease. Both STRs and SNPs are variations in gene nucleotides, and it is estimated that there are tens of millions of each type of variation in human DNA. High frequency of STRs or SNPs in alleles of affected individuals in comparison to their unaffected direct relatives indicates the origin of a disease causing mutation. They thus "mark" alleles as having a mutation without having to specifically identify the mutation. Because the number of potential STRs and SNPs is so high, a family pedigree helps to narrow the scope of alleles to analyze. Further, understanding how the gene of interest gets expressed over time helps ultimately determine which haplotype is responsible for the alleles linked to the mutation. A haplotype map is thus created, not only exhibiting genes the offspring will contain, but also the parental origin of the genes. Once the alleles that correlate with a mutation are characterized, PGH of the embryos is possible and only embryos carrying the low risk haplotypes are selected for transfer. PGH is performed in vitro until this point, when the chosen embryos get placed in the uterus of a surrogate mother for further development.
Advantages
Once a panel of associated genetic markers has been established for a particular disease it can be used for all carriers of that disease. In contrast, since even a monogenic disease can be caused by many different mutations within the affected gene, conventional PGD methods based on finding a specific mutation would require mutation-specific tests. Thus, PGH widens the availability of PGD to cases where mutation-specific tests are unavailable.
PGH also has an advantage over fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in that FISH is not usually able to make the differentiation between embryos that possess the balanced form of a chromosomal translocation and those carrying the homologous normal chromosomes. This inability can be seriously harmful to the diagnosis made. PGH can make the distinction that FISH often cannot. PGH does this by using polymorphic markers that are better suited at recognizing translocations. These polymorphic markers are able to distinguish between embryos that carried normal, balanced, and unbalanced translocations. FISH also requires more cell fixation for analysis whereas PGH requires only transfer of cells into polymerase chain reaction tubes. The cell transfer is a simpler method and leaves less room for analysis failure.
Uses
PGH has been used to screen for:
Cystic fibrosis
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Huntington's disease
Spinal muscular atrophy
Alport's syndrome
Von Hippel–Lindau disease
Sickle-cell disease
Hydatidiform mole
History
While PGD was initially carried out to sex rabbits in 1968, human PGD only became available after the development of PCR on a single cell DNA in 1985. PGH was first developed in 2006 at London's Guy's Hospital.
References
External links
Fertility medicine
Medical genetics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preimplantation%20genetic%20haplotyping |
The Grand National Alliance (), commonly known as the "Alianza Rosada" (Pink Alliance), was a one-time electoral alliance in the Dominican Republic. The alliance was led by the Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD) and the Social Christian Reformist Party (PRSC). It lost the 16 May 2006 legislative elections.
Outcome
The electoral alliance was led by then-mayor political parties, the PRD (El Partido Blanco - The "White" Party) and the PRSC (El Partido Colorado - The "Reddish" Party), hence it was referred by its own organizers as the Pink Alliance (Pink being a combination of red and white).
After the elections, the poor performance of the PRSC party left it out so bad that it had one more chance (the 2008 Dominican Presidential elections) to keep calling itself a major contemporary political party. Even its former presidential candidate, Eduardo Estrella, was first ousted (through alleged internal ballot bribery) and later left the party before the 2008 elections, on grounds of severe political differences.
After the failed alliance, the PRD and the Dominican Liberation Party (PLD) are left as the de facto major political parties, changing the Dominican Multiple Party system to a Two-Party system.
Defunct political parties in the Dominican Republic
Defunct political party alliances in North America
Political party alliances in the Dominican Republic | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20National%20Alliance%20%28Dominican%20Republic%29 |
Wayne UNC Health Care is a nonprofit hospital affiliate of UNC Health Care, a health care system in North Carolina. Its name changed from Wayne Memorial Hospital when it entered into a management agreement with UNC Health Care in 2015.
References
External links
Official site
Hospitals in North Carolina
Hospitals established in 1896
Buildings and structures in Wayne County, North Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne%20UNC%20Health%20Care |
The Christian Democratic Union () is a Christian democratic political party of the Dominican Republic. It first contested national elections in 2002, when it received 0.2% of the vote in the parliamentary elections that year, failing to win a seat. In the 2006 elections it was part of the victorious Progressive Bloc, but again failed to win a seat after receiving only 0.2% of the vote. In the 2010 elections its vote share fell to 0.1%.
References
Christian democratic parties in North America
Political parties in the Dominican Republic | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Democratic%20Union%20%28Dominican%20Republic%29 |
Ascalaphidae is a family of insects in the order Neuroptera, commonly called owlflies; there are some 450 extant species. They are fast-flying crepuscular or diurnal predators of other flying insects, and have large bulging eyes and strongly knobbed antennae. The larvae are ambush predators; some of them make use of self-decoration camouflage.
Description
Owlflies are readily distinguished from the superficially similar dragonflies by their long, clubbed antennae; dragonflies have short, bristle-like antennae. The closely related antlions (family Myrmeleontidae) have short, weakly clubbed antennae, smaller eyes, and reticulate wing venation. All but one species of Ascalaphidae have long antennae, easily distinguishing them. The sole exception is the Brazilian Albardia furcata, the only living member of the subfamily Albardiinae, which has short antennae, but these are strongly clubbed (compared to myrmeleontids), and its wing venation is reticulate, typical of ascalaphids. Most owlflies are about in length, not including antennae. Adult owlflies of the family Ululodinae such as Ululodes have large divided eyes and crepuscular habits, which is where the common name "owlfly" came from. Owlflies are worldwide in distribution, occurring in warm temperate and tropical habitats; there are some 450 extant species.
Ecology
Adult owlflies are fast-flying, aerial predators, capturing and feeding on other insects in flight. The larvae too are predatory, making owlflies important in maintaining a natural ecological balance and helping to control pest insects.
Adults of many New World species are most active at sunset, and can often be collected near lights. During the day, adults rest on stems and twigs with the body, legs, and antennae typically pressed to the stem. Some Old World species, such as Libelloides macaronius, are active during the day.
Anti-predator defences
When disturbed, some owlflies release a strong, musk-like chemical to deter enemies. The abdomen in Ululodes quadrimaculatus is raised at rest, mimicking a broken twig.
Some New World species such as Haploglenius luteus are able to suddenly reflex a flap on the pronotum, exposing a strongly-contrasting patch of pale colour (white or cream), either as a deimatic display to startle predators, or as heliographic signalling, reflecting sunlight, to attract females.
Life cycle
Eggs are laid on twigs or plant stems. Owlfly larvae are ambush predators, and sequester themselves at the soil surface, in ground litter, or on vegetation, sometimes covered with debris, and wait for prey, which they seize with their large, toothed mandibles. They resemble antlion larvae, but have an elongate, sometimes finger-like appendage on the side of each segment called a scolus-like process. In some genera, larvae actively place sand and debris onto their dorsum as self-decoration camouflage. Pupation occurs in a spheroidal silk cocoon in leaf litter or soil.
Evolution
Owlflies appear to have evolved from a common ancestor with Stilbopterygidae. These, in turn, evolved from a common ancestor with Palparidae, which evolved from a common ancestor with the true antlions, or Myrmeleontidae.
Taxonomy and etymology
The family Ascalaphidae was first described by the French entomologist Jules Pierre Rambur in 1842. The name is from Greek askalaphos, a kind of owl. In Greek mythology, Ascalaphos was the custodian of the orchard of Hades, god of the underworld; the goddess Demeter transformed him into an owl.
Fossil history
The owlflies are known from fossils of adults and larvae, often encased in Baltic amber. Most of these cannot be placed in a particular subfamily. Most are known from the Oligocene. The Late Jurassic Mesascalaphus was thought to be a more basal member of the family, but it is now believed to be a member of Mesochrysopidae.
Phylogeny
Total evidence analysis (several genes + morphology) in 2019 recovered Ascalaphidae as monophyletic and found evidence for five subfamilies: Albardiinae van der Weele, 1909; Ululodinae van der Weele, 1909; Haplogleniinae Newman, 1853; Melambrotinae Tjeder, 1992; and Ascalaphinae Lefèbvre, 1842. This refuted nuclear phylogenomic analysis in 2018, which recovered Ascalaphidae as a paraphyletic lineage within Myrmeleontidae. Molecular analysis in 2018 using mitochondrial rRNA and mitogenomic data also placed the Ascalaphidae as sister to the Myrmeleontidae as the most advanced groups within the Neuroptera. The fossil record has contributed to an understanding of the group's phylogeny. The phylogeny of the owlflies has remained uncertain, with many of the higher taxa apparently not natural groups (clades).
External
Neuropteran subfamilies are described in Winterton and colleagues 2017 and Jones 2019.
Internal
Machado et al 2018 proposes a classification below family level, into tribes (names ending with –ini): Groups formerly considered part of "Myrmeleontidae" are underscored and marked "Myrm."
Jones 2019 presents a total-evidence phylogeny, preferring to classify only to family level:
References
External links
Owlflies on Stamps
Neuroptera
Neuroptera families
Extant Oligocene first appearances | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owlfly |
Leake and Watts Services, Inc. is a not-for-profit social services agency in New York City that provides services for children and families in the areas of foster care, adoption, special education, Head Start and other related subjects. It has facilities in Yonkers in Westchester County, New York, and in the Bronx and upper Manhattan in New York City. The agency began as the Leake and Watts Orphan Asylum in Manhattan.
In 2018, Leake and Watts Services was rebranded as Rising Ground. A description of the organization today is available at Rising Ground.
History
John George Leake (1752–1827) was a New York lawyer who had no children or siblings. He died on June 2, 1827, at his home on Park Row in Manhattan. His estate, which included personal property valued at about $300,000 and real estate worth an additional $86,000, he left to Robert Watts, the son of his best friend John Watts, with the stipulation that Robert Watts change his name to "Robert Leake." Watts made the change, but died a few months later, leaving no will. The Leake fortune would then have passed to his father, John Watts, but considering the circumstances Watts was uncomfortable with receiving the money.
In the legal papers of John Leake was an unsigned and undated draft of a will in his handwriting, in which he left money to create a home for orphaned children, and assigned his friend, John Watts, to administer the home. Watts petitioned the court to put the money to this use. The Public Administrator of New York took charge of the estate, ruling that Leake had died intestate. After a court decision the cash was released to the orphanage but his real estate was kept by New York State.
Originally located at Trinity Church, a new building for the orphanage at West 112th Street in Morningside Heights, Manhattan, was completed in 1843, designed by Ithiel Town and constructed by Samuel Thomson in the Greek revival style. The site of the orphanage was purchased in 1891 by Bishop Henry Codman Potter for the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, and the building was to be torn down. However, the building was preserved as part of the cathedral close, renovated in 2006, and is the oldest building still standing in Morningside Heights.
The Leake & Watts Board of Trustees purchased a 40-acre in Yonkers, New York, in 1888. In 1890 the orphanage opened in Yonkers.
In 2012, a 16-year-old student named Corey Foster died at Leake and Watts while being restrained by the institution's staff after refusing to leave the basketball court. The institute's practices, which include solitary confinement and punitive restraints, have been criticized. However, the Westchester County District Attorney led a three-month investigation into the incidence and concluded that no criminal charges were warranted.
In 2018, Leake & Watts changed its name to Rising Ground.
Timeline
1827 – Death of Leake
1831 – Leake & Watts Orphan House is founded in New York City for "the maintenance and education of helpless orphan children" by John Watts, according to the terms of a bequest by his brother-in-law, John George Leake.
1838 – Cornerstone for new building laid
1843 – The Leake & Watts Orphan House moves to the current site of the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in Upper Manhattan.
1850 – Leake & Watts Orphan House opens its doors to girls.
1890 – The Home is moved outside the city to the farm of Edwin Forrest, the grounds were designed by Frederick Law Olmsted.
1921 – The "cottage system" is implemented at Leake & Watts. First implemented for girls, the system featured six cottages with cottage parents, housing 10-30 girls each on the Yonkers campus.
1937 – A Social Services Department with trained social work staff is established.
1944 – The Foster Home Department is established.
1947 – Leake & Watts merges with the Orphan Home and Asylum of the Episcopal Church and the Sevilla-Hopewell Society of Brooklyn.
General source:
References
Notes
External links
The Leake and Watts Children's Home 1802-1983 at the New York Historical Society
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
Charities based in New York City
Social welfare charities based in the United States
Orphanages in New York (state)
1831 establishments in New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leake%20and%20Watts%20Services |
The Dominican Workers Party (, PTD) was a communist party in the Dominican Republic founded in 1979. The leader and secretary general of the party was José González Espinosa. In the 16 May 2006 election, the party was a member of the winning Progressive Bloc.
In December 2019, the party was transformed into People's Force.
The party published a periodical, Liberación.
References
1979 establishments in the Dominican Republic
2019 disestablishments in the Dominican Republic
Communist parties in the Dominican Republic
Defunct political parties in the Dominican Republic
Political parties disestablished in 2019
Political parties established in 1979 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican%20Workers%27%20Party |
Cat tails, cattail, or cat's tails are common names for several plants and may refer to:
Various species in the genus Acalypha, particularly
Acalypha hispida
Various species in the genus Bulbinella
Various species in the genus Typha
"Cattails", a song by Big Thief from their album U.F.O.F.
"Cattails", an indie video game made by Falcon Development.
See also
Ptilotus, pussy tails | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%20tails |
The Liberal Reformist Party ( or PRL), formerly Liberal Party of the Dominican Republic ( or PLRD) is a liberal political party in the Dominican Republic. The party was originally named La Estructura, the name under which it contested the 1986 general elections as part of an alliance with the defeated Dominican Revolutionary Party. For the 1990 elections it changed its allegiance to the victorious Social Christian Reformist Party. For the 2006 elections it was part of the victorious Progressive Bloc.
References
Liberal parties in North America
Political parties in the Dominican Republic | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal%20Reformist%20Party%20%28Dominican%20Republic%29 |
Rubrocurcumin is a red-colored dye that is formed by the reaction of curcumin and borates.
Synthesis
The reaction of curcumin with borates in presence of oxalic acid produces rubrocurcumin.
Characteristics
Rubrocurcumin produces a red colored solution.
Rubrocurcumin is a neutrally charged composition, while rosocyanine is produced from ions. In rubrocurcumin, one molecule of curcumin is replaced with oxalate compared to rosocyanine.
Complexes with boron such as rubrocurcumin are called 1,3,2-dioxaborines.
References
Further reading
Curcuminoid dyes
Tetrahydroxyborate esters
Complexometric indicators
Oxalate esters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubrocurcumin |
The human botfly, Dermatobia hominis (Greek δέρμα, skin + βίος, life, and Latin hominis, of a human), is a species of botfly whose larvae parasitise humans (in addition to a wide range of other animals, including other primates). It is also known as the torsalo or American warble fly, though the warble fly is in the genus Hypoderma and not Dermatobia, and is a parasite on cattle and deer instead of humans.
Dermatobia fly eggs have been shown to be vectored by over 40 species of mosquitoes and muscoid flies, as well as one species of tick; the female captures the mosquito and attaches its eggs to its body, then releases it. Either the eggs hatch while the mosquito is feeding and the larvae use the mosquito bite area as the entry point, or the eggs simply drop off the muscoid fly when it lands on the skin. The larvae develop inside the subcutaneous layers, and after about eight weeks, they drop out to pupate for at least a week, typically in the soil. The adults are large flies lacking mouthparts (as is true of other oestrid flies).
This species is native to the Americas from southeastern Mexico (beginning in central Veracruz) to northern Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, though it is not abundant enough (nor harmful enough) to ever attain true pest status. Normally the greatest risk they pose to humans is increasing the chances of infection. Since the fly larvae can survive the entire eight-week development only if the wound does not become infected, patients rarely experience infections unless they kill the larva without removing it completely.
Remedies
The easiest and most effective way to remove botfly larvae is to apply petroleum jelly over the location, which prevents air from reaching the larva, suffocating it. It can then be removed with tweezers safely after a day. White glue mixed with pyrethrin or other safe insecticides and applied to the spot of swelling on the scalp will kill the larvae within hours, as they must keep an air hole open, so will chew through the dried glue to do this, consuming the insecticide in the process.
Venom extractor syringes can remove larvae with ease at any stage of growth. A larva has also been successfully removed by first applying several coats of nail polish to the area of the larva's entrance, weakening it by partial asphyxiation. Covering the location with adhesive tape would also result in partial asphyxiation and weakening of the larva, but is not recommended because the larva's breathing tube is fragile and would be broken during the removal of the tape, leaving most of the larva behind.
Oral use of ivermectin, an antiparasitic avermectin medicine, has proven to be an effective and noninvasive treatment that leads to the spontaneous emigration of the larva. This is especially important for cases where the larva is located in inaccessible places such as inside the inner canthus of the eye.
See also
Botfly
Cordylobia anthropophaga
Human parasite
List of parasites of humans
Myiasis
References
External links
Case Report: Insect Bite Reveals Botfly Myiasis in an Older Woman
human bot fly on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
Insects of South America
Arthropods of Colombia
Oestridae
Parasitic flies
Parasitic arthropods of humans
Parasites of primates
Parasitic arthropods of mammals
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus the Younger
Insects described in 1781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatobia%20hominis |
"Filthy/Gorgeous" is a song by American pop-rock band Scissor Sisters. It is the seventh track on their self-titled debut album. Released as the album's fifth and final single in the United Kingdom on January 3, 2005, the song peaked at number five on the UK Singles Chart, making it the band's first British top-five single. It also reached number one on the UK Dance Chart and on the US Billboard Dance Club Songs chart. In Australia, it peaked at number 29 on the ARIA Singles Chart, and in Ireland, it reached number 13.
Music video
Two versions of the music video, directed by John Cameron Mitchell, were made: a full-length, raunchier version featuring semi-explicit scenes in a sex club, and an edited version where those scenes are shown more briefly, out of context, and occasionally obscured. Some scenes are removed completely.
Track listings
UK CD single
"Filthy/Gorgeous" – 3:48
"Filthy/Gorgeous" (Paper Faces vocal mix edit) – 4:26
"Mary" (Mylo mix) – 5:53
"Filthy/Gorgeous" (gorgeous video)
UK 12-inch picture disc
A1. "Filthy/Gorgeous" – 3:48
A2. "Filthy/Gorgeous" (I Love You – See You Next Tuesday mix) – 5:28
B1. "Filthy/Gorgeous" (Paper Faces mix) – 8:53
UK DVD single
"Filthy/Gorgeous" (filthy video)
"Filthy/Gorgeous" – 3:47
Australasian CD single
"Filthy/Gorgeous" – 3:48
"Take Me Out" – 4:32
"Filthy/Gorgeous" (Paper Faces vocal mix edit) – 4:26
"Filthy/Gorgeous" (I Love You – See You Next Tuesday mix) – 5:28
Credits and personnel
Credits are lifted from the UK CD single liner notes and the Scissor Sisters album booklet.
Studios
Recorded at 5D Studios (Brooklyn, New York) and The Shed (New York)
Personnel
Scissor Sisters – performance, production, mixing
Jake Shears – writing (as Jason Sellards)
Babydaddy – writing (as Scott Hoffman), recording (5D)
Ana Matronic – writing (as Ana Lynch)
Del Marquis
Paddy Boom
Ayan Pal – bass
Daniel Wise – recording (The Shed)
Neil Harris – mixing
Spooky – art direction, illustration
Fury – art direction, design
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
In popular culture
This song appeared on the soundtrack to Tony Hawk's American Wasteland and also is the theme to the NBC show Kath & Kim. It was also used in the 2006 film It's a Boy Girl Thing and the 2014 film Dumb and Dumber To.
See also
List of number-one dance singles of 2005 (U.S.)
References
External links
Underground Illusion - The Ultimate Scissor Sisters Database
2004 songs
2005 singles
Hi-NRG songs
Polydor Records singles
Scissor Sisters songs
Songs written by Ana Matronic
Songs written by Babydaddy
Songs written by Jake Shears
Universal Records singles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filthy/Gorgeous |
The coat of arms of Mauritius are stipulated in the "Mauritius Laws 1990 Vol.2 SCHEDULE (Section 2)". In the lower left quarter is a key and on the right-hand side is a white star, which are referred to in the Latin motto "Stella Clavisque Maris Indici" meaning "Star and Key of the Indian Ocean".
Blazon
The armorial ensigns and supporters of Mauritius are officially described as:
(a) for arms-
Quarterly azure and or.
In the first quarter a lymphad or.
In the second, 3 palm trees vert.
In the third, a key in pale the wards downwards gules.
In the issuant, from the base a pile, and in chief a mullet argent.
(b) for the supporters-
On the dexter side, a dodo per bend sinister embattled gules and argent, and
On the sinister side, a sambar deer per bend embattled argent and gules, each supporting a sugar cane erect proper,
(c) with the motto "Stella Clavisque Maris Indici" (lat: Star and Key of the Indian Ocean)
Colour code
Azure – Royal Blue (Pantone Reflex Blue)
Or – Gold (Metallic Gold)
Vert – Emerald Green (Pantone Green)
Gules – Warm Red (Pantone 2X)
Argent – Silver (Metallic Silver)
Historical Coats of Arms
References
National coats of arms
National symbols of Mauritius
Symbols introduced in 1906
Coats of arms with trees
Coats of arms with ships
Coats of arms with keys
Coats of arms with stars
Coats of arms with birds
Coats of arms with deer
Coats of arms with sugarcane
National emblems with birds
Dodo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat%20of%20arms%20of%20Mauritius |
The Schulich School of Engineering is the accredited engineering school of the University of Calgary located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It currently has 4,610 enrolled students (3,470 undergraduate and 1,140 graduate) and over 150 faculty members. The school offers seven engineering degree programs.
History
The Schulich School of Engineering was originally conceived on September 28, 1964 at the first meeting of the Engineering Council, as the Faculty of Engineering. The new school was officially accredited and given faculty status on April 1, 1965 and officially opened its doors for the fall semester of the same year, with a total first year enrollment of 59 students, taught by two faculty members.
Over the 40 years that the faculty has been operating, it has expanded drastically to its current size, as well as several new wings to the engineering building, now more accurately a complex, and an entirely new building to house the software, computer, and electrical engineering department. Before the 2005-2006 fall and winter semesters, Seymour Schulich made a $25 million donation to the faculty, which was matched by another $25 million from the Alberta provincial government. At this point, the name of the faculty was changed to the Schulich School of Engineering in honor of his donation. Dr. Wirasinghe stepped down as dean of the school on June 30, 2006. Dr. M. Elizabeth Cannon, the former head of the geomatics engineering department, assumed the position of dean on July 1, 2006. Dr. Cannon was appointed to be the president of the University of Calgary on 1 July 2010 and her previous position as dean is now held by Dr. Bill Rosehart.
In 1993, the School started an internship program with Dr. Michael Ward, former civil department head and the vice-president of research of the University, as the founding director. Schulich School of Engineering now has one of the largest engineering internship programs in the country. Approximately 70% of Schulich engineering students go through the optional internship program.
Buildings
The Schulich School of Engineering is located in the northern section of the University of Calgary campus in a complex that consists of four main buildings.
Main Complex
The first main engineering building houses all of the departments with the exception of the Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering and the Department of Electrical, Computer and Software Engineering (housed in separate buildings). The building is composed of seven blocks listed as Engineering A - G. The majority of engineering specific courses are also held in the lecture halls within this building.
Other notable facilities in the main building include the Machine Shop, the M.A. Ward Civil Engineering Labs, the Engineering Students Society office, and the "Engg Lounge". As many of the first year engineering courses (which are identical for all departments) take place here, a principal hallway in this building is often referred to as "The First Year Hole".
Canadian Natural Resources Limited Engineering Complex
The Canadian Natural Resources Limited Engineering Complex is the newest addition to the main engineering complex. Officially opened to the public in November 2016 (it had been used for classes and labs since September 2016), the CNRL complex is a $174 million building meant to increase enrollment capacity in the engineering department by 400 seats and to provide new classroom and lecture hall facilities. The building was named in honor Canadian Natural Resources Limited for the company's $7 million donation, the largest single donation the University of Calgary has received to date. The building is 18,300 square meters and provides classrooms and undergraduate design labs on the bottom two floors. On the upper floors, new research labs will be used to support research in clean energy technology and renewable energy sources.
Machine Shop
The machine shop in the Schulich School of Engineering came into existence with the school in 1966, and provides a variety of mechanical construction services to the students and faculty members. The shop provides a variety of services, including CNC machining, manual machining, fabrication, and carpentry.
M.A. Ward Civil Engineering Labs
The civil engineering laboratory is located in a cavernous space in the south-westernmost block of the main complex. It is the main experimental space for the civil engineering faculty (along with the bay in CCIT) and can supports many separate endeavors at one time. While it is generally closed off to the main student body, there are always viewing windows on the second floor.
Engineering Students Society Office
The Engineering Students Society (ESS) is a non-profit organization that is run by students within the faculty to provide student activities, academic help and student-professional interaction. It is a member of the Canadian Federation of Engineering Students and sends representatives to various conferences and meets throughout the country. At the office, students can purchase books containing past exams for their classes, laboratory notebooks, T-shirts, sweatshirts, and tickets for events run by the different student organizations within engineering.
The Engg Lounge
The Engineering Student Lounge is the central social gathering area at the Schulich School of Engineering. During the fall and winter semesters, especially at 12:00 PM, the lounge is normally a hive of activity, as a vast majority of students come by to socialize and eat. The lounge is also notable for P.O.E.T.S., or Piss On Everything, Tomorrow's Saturday, a weekly Friday gathering of engineers (beginning at 3:00 PM, and ending at 6:00 PM), originally created by Dean Rhodes and put on by the Engineering Students Society. P.O.E.T.S. is a place for engineering students (and even sometimes professors) to unwind at the end of the school week and enjoy "cheaper" cold beer and occasionally live music, as well as a weekly event such as Minnow Races, Jeopardy, Eng. Olympics, etc.
Information Communications Technology Building
The ICT building is shared by the Schulich School of Engineering with the Department of Computer Science from the Faculty of Science. The building houses the majority of the Department of Electrical, Computer, and Software Engineering in the form of several lecture halls, computer labs and electronics labs.
The ground level of ICT is arranged as a food court themed meeting area, frequented by many faculties. Commercial services such as Family Mart, Good Earth Cafe and Apex Credit Union occupy the bottom floor.
Electronics Labs
The ICT building features ultramodern electronics labs for electrical and computer engineering students. These include labs for second and third year students, and the Telus Microwave Research Laboratory for microwave antenna design and research.
Mechanical Engineering Building (Petro Canada Building)
The Mechanical Engineering building houses the Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing at the Schulich School of Engineering. It was donated to the faculty of engineering by Petro-Canada. Unlike the rest of the engineering faculty, it is not physically connected but in fact resides in a separate building across 32nd Ave NW in the university's research park. It contains many labs and offices for faculty and grad students, as well as the mechanical engineering shop. It also functions as the headquarters for the University of Calgary's Formula SAE and Baja SAE racecar teams. The mechanical engineering department at UCalgary is one of the largest in Canada with around 150 graduate students and 350 undergraduates. The buildings contains three computer labs with over 40 computers in total, a study room which seats approximately 8 students, and a newly renovated recreation room, complete with two Foosball tables, that seats approximately 12 students.
Mechanical Engineering Shop
The MES is located at the easternmost end of the ME building and contains a variety of tools and equipment for building and testing research projects in the mechanical engineering department. As of 2010, the mechanical engineering shop has been severely downsized with a reduction in staff and equipment. Various labs for the mechanical department are held here such as doing tests on a four-cylinder Toyota engine.
Energy, Environment, & Experiential Learning Building (EEEL)
Though primarily used by the Faculty of Science, the EEEL building hosts a few lab facilities and the Dean's Office for the engineering department. Located just north of the ICT Building, EEEL contains many lab facilities and lecture halls along with office space on the upper floors and a coffee shop on the main floor. Due to construction of the CNRL complex, the Dean's Office was moved to the fourth floor of the EEEL building.
Supercow, Official Mascot of the University of Calgary Engineering Students' Society
Supercow is a prominent figure in school spirit activities that boost team building and trust among engineering students moving toward a professional career in engineering. Supercow travels to numerous national engineering conferences and competitions, hosted by the Western Engineering Students' Societies Team, and the Canadian Federation of Engineering Students.
Supercow appears in many publications created by the Engineering Students' Society. Supercow has appeared on the cover of the 2003 through 2009 Cogwheels, a daily planner created by engineering students for engineering students, including forty pages of common engineering formulas. The 2007 - 2009 Engineering Students' Society sponsorship packages, sent to professional engineering firms in the city of Calgary, also contain a picture of Supercow. Supercow is featured on various pictures in the Engineering Photo archive.
Programs
Engineering Internship Program
Chemical Engineering
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Geomatics Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Oil & Gas Engineering
Software Engineering
Biomedical Engineering Minor
Energy Specialization
Aerospace Engineering Minor
Mechatronics Engineering Minor
Petroleum Engineering Minor
Transportation Engineering Minor
Structural Engineering Minor
Environmental Engineering Minor
Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Development Minor
Management and Society Minor
Digital Engineering Minor
References
External links
The Schulich School of Engineering official site
The Engineering Internship Program
The Collaboration Centre
University of Calgary
Engineering universities and colleges in Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schulich%20School%20of%20Engineering |
Aurora Central High School is a high school in Aurora, Colorado. It was originally named Aurora High School and was the first high school in Aurora Public Schools. When Hinkley High School was built in 1963, this school was renamed to its present title. The first class to graduate from the existing location was the Class of 1956.
School shooting
On November 15, 2021 around 12:45 P.M., a shooting happened at a small park close to the high school. Six students from the school were shot with non–life threatening injuries. 30–50 shots were fired from people in a car and from people on foot.
Demographics
For the 2014-2015 school year, there were 2,188 students enrolled at Aurora Central High School. The student body demographics were as follows:
5% White
67% Latino
16% African American
8% Asian
1.4% Native American
2% Two or More Races
Notable alumni
Danny Jackson, former MLB player (Kansas City Royals, Cincinnati Reds, Chicago Cubs, Pittsburgh Pirates, Philadelphia Phillies, St. Louis Cardinals, San Diego Padres)
Robert Michael Pyle, author, lepidopterist
Naquetta Ricks, businesswoman and member of the Colorado House of Representatives
Michelle Waterson, professional mixed martial artist for the UFC's Strawweight division
Don Young, former MLB player (Chicago Cubs)
References
External links
Public high schools in Colorado
Aurora Public Schools (Colorado)
Educational institutions established in 1931
Schools in Arapahoe County, Colorado
1931 establishments in Colorado | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora%20Central%20High%20School |
The Shanghai Fugu Agreement (German: Shanghaier Kugelfisch-Abkommen) is a fictional document and was referred to in a successful 1984 political prank played on the Social Democrats in the German state of Hesse.
In 1984 the new Green Party prepared to enter into a German state government for the first time in its history. The first Green cabinet minister in German history was going to be Joschka Fischer who later became minister of Foreign Affairs in the German Federal Government under Chancellor Gerhard Schröder. The 1984 Hesse coalition under minister-president Holger Börner was to be based on an official policy agreement negotiated by both parties.
In this agreement it is stated: "Die Fälle der Koppelung von Arbeits- und Aufenthaltserlaubnis werden übereinstimmend als erledigt betrachtet (Shanghaier Kugelfischabkommen vom 3.11.1974)." (page 108, section 2.4; engl. "The cases of coupling work and residence permits are considered to be resolved (Shanghai Fugu Agreement of 3.11.1974).")
Later, the Green party provided an explanation how this text found its way into the official document: During a final night session of the negotiations the Greens presented a demand that Hesse join the "Shanghai Fugu Agreement". This was accepted by their tired Social Democratic counterparts and became official state policy. The Greens argued that the fugu fish were well known to be a dangerous delicacy requiring specialized chefs who mostly came from Asia. Due to expanding restrictions on work permits restaurants had found it difficult to employ such specialists. The "Shanghai Fugu Agreement" was supposed to provide special regulations for certified fugu chefs internationally.
While it is true that chefs in Japan require certification to handle the fish, the agreement was entirely fictional, as fugu is not served in Germany at all. However, neither was it discovered to be a joke by the Social Democrats during the nightly negotiations, nor later by civil servants or the press who went through the coalition contracts. It took years before the Agreement was revealed to be a joke.
References
Sources
Das Shanghaier Kugelfisch-Abkommen (Newsletter, Green parliamentary group in the Hesse parliament, Fraktionsgrün Nr. 1, May 2004, p. 4)
Obituary for the deceased Holger Börner in the regional daily "Giessener Anzeiger" of 03.08.2006 (mentioning the Fugu Agreement ("Kugelfischabkommen") in § 6)
Shanghai Fugu Agreement
Hesse
Political history of Germany
1984 in Europe
German humour | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai%20Fugu%20Agreement |
The following is a list of minor Immortals from the Highlander movies, movie scripts, and novels.
Highlander
Iman Fasil
After becoming immortal, he fought with a "Toledo Salamanca" rapier. Along with Connor MacLeod, The Kurgan, Sunda Kastagir, Yung Dol Kim, and Osta Vasilek, Fasil participated in the 1985 New York Gathering. He was the second Immortal to lose his head , after Vasilek, when he was decapitated by Connor MacLeod in the parking garage of Madison Square Garden, where the Highlander had gone to see a wrestling match. The police found a Syrian passport with him, and discovered that Fasil had only entered in the country one week earlier.
Osta Vasilek
Osta Vasilek was briefly mentioned in the first Highlander film, having been beheaded by the Kurgan in New Jersey two days before MacLeod's duel with Fasil. When the police found the body, they discovered that Vasilek had Polish nationality.
Yung Dol Kim
Yung Dol Kim appeared in a deleted scene in the original Highlander film, as one of the last six Immortals who competed in the 1985 Gathering. Kim fought with two katanas, but eventually lost to the Kurgan, surrendering and kneeling before being beheaded.
Mulet
Mulet was an Immortal referred in Highlander's first-draft screenplay , but not mentioned in either the film or the novelization.
The Mongol
"The Mongol" was only mentioned in the novelization, and not in Highlander film
The Bedouin
"The Mongol" was only mentioned in the novelization, and not in Highlander film
The Quickening
The Final Dimension
Khabul Khan
Kane took Khabul Khan as one of his henchmen, along with Senghi Khan. Kane sought to defeat his former master Nakano in order to gain his powers of illusion through the Quickening. The three journeyed to Nakano’s cave at Mount Niri, where Kane beheaded Nakano in front of his current student, Connor MacLeod. The cave collapsed after the Quickening, and only MacLeod was able to escape. Kane and the Khans were trapped for centuries, They were released when archaeological excavations were made inside the cave in 1994. Khan was sent by Kane to New York to kill the Highlander, but ultimately failed.
Senghi Khan
Senghi Khan was one of Kane’s henchmen, along with Khabul Khan. When Kane sought to defeat his former master Nakano in order to gain his powers of illusion through the Quickening, he was trapped along during the cave collapse after the Quickening. Trapped for centuries, he was released when archaeological excavations were made to the cave in 1994. After being released, Kane beheaded Senghi Khan so that his Quickening would warn MacLeod that he was free once more.
Pierre Bouchet
Seen only in flashback during the film, Pierre Bouchet was a close friend of Connor MacLeod during the French Revolution, Bouchet asked MacLeod to aid the populace during the conflict. Both fought on the revolutionary side, but MacLeod ended up being arrested by the royal troops in a fortress in Vincennes, a suburb of Paris, and sentenced to be executed by the guillotine. In the day of Connor’s execution, Bouchet visited Connor, and told him he had come to take Connor’s place. He had had enough of his life, and wanted peace. When the Highlander refused to let his friend die, Bouchet struck him unconscious, and took his place. Bouchet was beheaded by the guillotine, and no Quickening took place, since Connor was too far away to even receive it.
The Source
Zai Jie: An Immortal archaeologist working with Cardinal Giovanni. He finds ancient writings in Gaza, which lead him to central Europe, where he locates the Source, but awakens the Guardian.
Cardinal Giovanni: This fifteen-hundred-year-old priest is obsessed with the legend of the Source. He has enlisted a group of Immortals to help him find it.
Reggie Weller: This three-century-old astronomer is recruited by Cardinal Giovanni to search for the Source. A cheeky Cockney who grew up in the slums of East London, Reggie uses humor and bluster as survival skills.
The Elder: A repulsive figure — his rotting skin hangs in loose folds like blankets — explains to MacLeod and the others how, millennia ago, he was part of a group of Immortals trying to find the Source, who ultimately turned on each other. They found the Source and fought the Guardian, killing him, and was punished with a fate worse than death — a state of eternal living decay.
See also
List of Highlander TV Series Minor Immortals
External links
Immortals, minor
Highlander | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Highlander%20movies%20minor%20Immortals |
Haakon Maurice Chevalier (September 10, 1901 – July 4, 1985) was an American writer, translator, and professor of French literature at the University of California, Berkeley best known for his friendship with physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer, whom he met at Berkeley, California in 1937.
Oppenheimer's relationship with Chevalier, and Chevalier's relationship with a possible recruiter for Soviet intelligence, figured prominently in a 1954 hearing of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission on Oppenheimer's security clearance. At that hearing, Oppenheimer's security clearance was revoked.
Early life
Chevalier was born September 10, 1901, in Lakewood Township, New Jersey to Therese Chevalier (née Roggen) and Emile, respectively of Norwegian and French descent.
When he was in his twenties Chevalier felt attracted by the romantic aspects of seafaring. He embarked as a deckhand on one of the last commercial sailing ships, the four-masted US schooner Rosamond, for a voyage to the southern ocean and Cape Town. Chevalier wrote a vivid and nostalgic testimony of this very end of the age of sail in his book The Last Voyage of the Schooner Rosamond.
Work
In 1945, Chevalier served as a translator for the Nuremberg Trials. He translated many works by Salvador Dalí, André Malraux, Vladimir Pozner, Louis Aragon, Frantz Fanon and Victor Vasarely into English.
Relationship with Oppenheimer
Chevalier met Oppenheimer in 1937 at Berkeley while he was an associate professor of Romance languages. Together, Chevalier and Oppenheimer would found the Berkeley branch of a teachers' union, which sponsored benefits for leftist causes.
Chevalier informed Oppenheimer in 1942 of a discussion he had with George C. Eltenton which disturbed him considerably and thought Oppenheimer ought to know about. It was regarding Soviet attempts through Eltenton to penetrate the Manhattan Project. That short conversation, Oppenheimer's belated reporting of it, and attempts to obscure the identity of Chevalier, would later become one of the key issues in Oppenheimer's 1954 security hearing in front of the Atomic Energy Commission, which resulted in the revocation of his security clearance.
Chevalier was interviewed in The Day After Trinity (1981), an Oscar-nominated documentary about Oppenheimer and the atomic bomb. He was played by Jefferson Hall in Christopher Nolan's 2023 film Oppenheimer.
Personal life
Chevalier had four children from three marriages. From 1922 to 1931 he was married to Ruth Bosley, then to Barbara Lansburgh from 1931 to 1950, and finally to Carol Lansburgh in 1952.
Later life and death
After the House Subcommittee on Un-American Activities hearing, Chevalier lost his job at Berkeley in 1950. Unable to find another professorship in the United States, he moved to France, where he continued to work as a translator.
Chevalier returned to the United States briefly in July 1965, to attend his daughter's wedding in San Francisco.
Chevalier died in 1985 in Paris at the age of 83. The cause of death was not reported.
Bibliography
1932. The ironic temper: Anatole France and his time. Oxford University Press. ASIN B00085MTLU
1934. André Malraux and "Man's fate": An essay. H. Smith and R. Haas. ASIN B00089VCSC
1949. For Us The Living. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
1959. The Man Who Would Be God. Putnam; [1st American ed.]. ASIN B0006AW3DG
1965. Oppenheimer: The Story of a Friendship. New York: George Braziller, Inc. ASIN B0006BN686
1970. The Last Voyage of the Schooner Rosamond. Deutsch.
Translations
Vladimir Pozner. 1942. The Edge of the Sword (Deuil en 24 heures). Modern Age Books.
Vladimir Pozner. 1943. First Harvest (Les Gens du pays).
Kessel, Joseph. 1944. Army of Shadows (L'Armée des ombres). Alfred A. Knopf
Malraux, André. 1961. Man's Fate. Random House Modern Library. ASIN B000BI694M
Aragon, Louis. 1961. Holy Week. G. P. Putnam's Sons. ASIN B000EWMJ3A
Dalí, Salvador. 1986. The Secret Life of Salvador Dalí. Dasa Edicions, S.A.
André Maurois, 1962. Seven faces of love. Doubleday. ASIN B0007H6IX4
Michaux, Henri. 1963. Light Through Darkness. Orion Press. ASIN B0007E4GJ0
Vasarely, Victor. 1965. Plastic Arts of the Twentieth Century, Volume 1. Editions du Griffon. ASIN B000FH4NZG
Fanon, Frantz, A Dying Colonialism 1965
See also
J. Robert Oppenheimer
Oppenheimer security hearing
References
Broad, William J. September 8, 2002. Father of A-bomb was Communist, book claims. New York Times. A7.
Gray, Gordon. 1954. In the matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer: transcript of hearing before Personnel Security Board. U.S. Govt. Print. Off. p. 4-6.
Herken, Gregg. 2002. Brotherhood of the Bomb: The Tangled Lives and Loyalties of Robert Oppenheimer, Ernest Lawrence, and Edward Teller. New York: Henry Holt and Company, LLC.
New York Times. July 11, 1985. Haakon Chevalier, 83, Author and Translator. Section B; Page 6, Column 4; National Desk.
Washington Post. July 11, 1985. 'Metro; Deaths Elsewhere. C7.
Notes
External links
1982 Audio Interview with Haakon Chevalier by Martin Sherwin Voices of the Manhattan Project
Primary sources used by Herken in Brotherhood of the Bomb
Annotated bibliography for Haakon Chevalier from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
Vladimir Pozner se souvient
1901 births
1985 deaths
People from Lakewood Township, New Jersey
American people of French descent
American people of Norwegian descent
Members of the Communist Party USA
American translators
Translators from French
Translators to English
University of California, Berkeley College of Letters and Science faculty
J. Robert Oppenheimer
20th-century translators
American expatriates in France
Academics from New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haakon%20Chevalier |
StorySide:B was an American Christian rock band signed to Gotee Records. It was headed by guitarist and vocalist Lucio "Lu" Rubino. Rubino and drummer Jordan Mohilowski took first place in the band division of the 2003 "Exalting Him" talent contest, which aired on TBN. They went on to form a band with bassist and pianist Ron McClelland, with Matt Lande and Preston Pohl both on guitars. While they were playing their music for different labels, Gotee president Joey Elwood heard them play an acoustic set. A month later, they met Gotee founder tobyMac after one of his shows and played some music for him on his bus; they were signed soon afterwards. Μatt Lande later left the group and moved to Los Angeles to pursue his new project as lead vocalist for the group "Heaven Is Where".
On January 18, 2009, bassist Ron McClelland collapsed and died from an undiagnosed heart condition while playing basketball on the upper deck of the Carnival cruise ship Fascination. No members of his band were with him at the time of his death. In the wake of the event, the remaining members dissolved the band.
Lead vocalist Lucio Rubino stated in his MySpace blog that although the band has parted ways, he will continue to play StorySide:B songs while touring with Manic Drive.
Preston Pohl appeared on the NBC show The Voice on September 30, 2013, impressing three of the judges. He eventually chose Adam Levine as his coach and made it to the live rounds. He did not win the contest.
Discography
Albums
Their 2005 debut album, Everything and More, placed on Billboard magazine's Top Heatseekers and Top Christian Albums charts. Their second album, We Are Not Alone, was released on June 19, 2007.
Singles
Their first single, "Miracle", was the "Most Added" and "Highest Gainer" for two straight weeks on Christian Hit Radio. The single peaked at No. 2 on the Christian Hit Radio chart. The video for the song was directed by Emmy Award winning filmmaker Shane Stanley and was awarded "Outstanding Music Video" at the 27th annual Telly Awards.
Their follow up song "Everything and More" also peaked at No. 2 on Christian CHR radio, and was the seventh most played song on Christian CHR radio in 2006.
Their song "More to This Life" peaked at No. 14 on the Adult Contemporary chart. "Be Still" was also released as a single.
StorySide:B has also recorded a cover of "In the Light," by legendary singer/songwriter/producer Charlie Peacock, which appears on the compilation album Freaked!.
References
External links
American Christian rock groups
American musical trios
Gotee Records artists
Musical groups established in 2003
Musical groups disestablished in 2009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StorySide%3AB |
The University of Guelph-Humber (UofGH) is a collaboration between the University of Guelph and Humber College.
History
The university was established in 2000 by a partnership of the University of Guelph and Humber College. The official website of the university says that it was created to "produce a well-prepared university graduate". It is located on Humber College's North Campus in the Etobicoke district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Organization
The university offers seven four-year undergraduate academic programs, each of which grants a university honours degree from the University of Guelph and a college diploma from Humber College. The campus of Guelph-Humber is also home to the University of Guelph's MFA program.
Academics
Admission
When the university opened, it was intended for 2,000 students, but it has since seen a growing number of applicants. In 2014, the university saw a 19% increase in applicants, when student confirmations were dropping overall at Ontario universities. According to the official website of the university, its programs' estimated cutoff range is 75%–80%. However, the university's vice-provost, John Walsh, said to the Toronto Sun in 2016 that the university's incoming average is 80% for all programs.
Reputation
Maclean's magazine described Guelph-Humber programs as a "standout program" of the University of Guelph. Faze ranked the university's "Media Studies" program as one of the best journalism school in Canada. The university's "very low" attrition rate and "phenomenally high" four-year completion rate make it popular among students.
Undergraduate programs
Business
Early Childhood Studies
Community Social Services
Justice Studies
Kinesiology
Media and Communication Studies
Psychology
Campus life
Student government
Guelph-Humber's student government is Ignite. Students of Guelph-Humber can also apply to the University of Guelph's senate.
Each of the seven programs at Guelph-Humber has an Academic Program Representative (APR) whose role it is to sit on committees with the administration, work with the other elected officials on campus and be the voice of the students in their program. APRs are the third representative for Guelph-Humber students beyond Board of Directors with Ignite and Senators with University of Guelph.
Societies
Alpha Phi Sigma
DECA U
Early Childhood Studies (ECS) Society
FCSS Society
Guelph-Humber Accounting Council (GHAC)
Guelph-Humber Advertising & Marketing Association (GHAMA)
Guelph-Humber Business Council (GHBC)
Guelph-Humber Consulting Association (GHCA)
Guelph-Humber Entrepreneurs Society (GHES)
Guelph-Humber Finance Society (GHFS)
Guelph-Humber Pre-Law Society (GHPLS)
GuHu Media
International Business Association
Kinesiology Society
Psi Chi (International Honour Society in Psychology)
Psych Society
Women in Business Society (WIBS)
Plant Wall
Guelph-Humber's Plant Wall is a new form of technology that uses a biological system to filter indoor air. The tropical plants that thrive on the four-storey wall are exposed to nearly a full day of sunlight from the large windows and rooftop skylights. The wall has an area of approximately 150 square meters and consists of roughly over 1,000 individual living plants. It acts as a bio-filter and purifies the air that circulates around the building. Working like a humidifier, the wall warms the air in the winter and cools the building's air during the summer. The living wall also reduces the threat of airborne pollutants simply by creating a more esthetically pleasing environment. The wall also saves energy by lowering the need to bring new air into the building.
Academic affiliation
Guelph-Humber has no degree or college diploma granting power. Graduates receive degrees from the University of Guelph and diplomas from Humber College. Academic faculty and staff are jointly hired by both the university and the college. Guelph-Humber graduates receive alumni benefit cards from the University of Guelph. Sometime outside sources describe Guelph-Humber as part of the Guelph; Mcleans in its university ranking called Guelph-Humber's programs "standout programs of the University of Guelph".
Notable alumni
Suze Morrison - Member of the Ontario Provincial Parliament
Jackie Perez - television personality
Kaleed Rasheed - MPP for Mississauga East—Cooksville
Mark Saunders - Toronto Police Chief; Bachelor of Applied Arts in Justice Studies
Brendan Dunlop - Television personality
Kristin Fairlie - Actor/Voice Actor/Singer
References
External links
University of Guelph
Humber College
Educational institutions established in 2002
2002 establishments in Ontario
Universities and colleges in Toronto
Education in Etobicoke | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Guelph-Humber |
Michael James Hehir (also known as Michael O'Hehir and ; 2 June 1920 – 24 November 1996) was an Irish hurling, football and horse racing commentator and journalist. Between 1938 and 1985 his enthusiasm and memorable turn of phrase endeared him to many. He is still regarded as the original 'voice of Gaelic games'.
Early life
O'Hehir was born in Glasnevin, Dublin to parents who had moved from County Clare. His father, Jim O'Hehir, was active in Gaelic games, having trained his native county to win the 1914 All-Ireland title in hurling. He subsequently trained the Leitrim football team that secured the Connacht title in 1927 and he also served as an official with the Dublin Junior Board.
O'Hehir was educated at St Patrick's National School in Drumcondra before later attending the O'Connell School. He later studied electrical engineering at University College Dublin, but he abandoned his studies after just one year to pursue a full-time career in broadcasting.
O'Hehir never played football, but he enjoyed a distinguished hurling career with the St Vincents GAA club in Raheny.
Broadcasting career
Early career
O'Hehir became fascinated with the radio when he received a present of one as a child. He had just turned eighteen and was still a schoolboy when he wrote to Radio Éireann asking to do a test commentary. O'Hehir was accepted and was asked, along with five others, to do a five-minute microphone test for a National Football League game between Wexford and Louth. His microphone test impressed the director of broadcasting so much that he was invited to commentate on the whole of the second half of the match.
Two months later in August 1938, O'Hehir made his first broadcast - the All-Ireland football semi-final between Monaghan and Galway. He went on to commentate on the second semi-final and that year's final between Galway and Kerry. The following year he covered his first hurling final - the famous "thunder and lightning final" between Cork and Kilkenny.
Sports broadcasting in Ireland was still in its infancy at this stage, however, O'Hehir's Sunday afternoon commentaries quickly became a way of life for many rural listeners.
The Polo Grounds Final
By the mid-1940s, O'Hehir was recognised as one of Ireland's leading sports broadcasters. In 1947, he faced his most challenging broadcast to date when he had to commentate on the All-Ireland Football Final from the Polo Grounds in New York City. More than a million people were listening to the broadcast back in Ireland and O'Hehir was the one link between the game in New York and the fans in Ireland. The broadcast had to be finished by five o'clock local time, but the match ran late. The last few minutes of O'Hehir's commentary included him pleading with the broadcast technicians not to take him off the air. His pleas were successful and the Irish people could listen to the game in full.
Horse racing
In 1944, O'Hehir joined the staff of Independent Newspapers as a sports sub-editor, before beginning a seventeen-year career as a racing correspondent in 1947. His racing expertise was not just limited to print journalism as he became a racing commentator with Radio Éireann in 1945.
Even though O'Hehir's star was on the rise with the national broadcaster in Ireland, he applied to the BBC for a position as racing commentator. His application was accepted and he provided commentary for the Cheltenham Gold Cup. The BBC bosses were sufficiently impressed with O'Hehir to offer him further commentaries.
O'Hehir subsequently became a staple of the BBC's coverage of the famous annual Grand National steeplechase. He would invariably pick up the commentary at the Becher's Brook fence and take the race to Valentine's Brook, a vital section of the race where many a favourite fell. Foinavon's famous victory in 1967 will be remembered as one of O'Hehir's finest moments in racing commentaries and won him great respect for the speed and smoothness with which he picked out the unconsidered outsider. O'Hehir later confessed in an interview that it had been his inability to identify the colours on his card when inspecting the riders' silks in the weighing room prior to the race that had led him to question rider John Buckingham who his mount was. Buckingham advised O'Hehir that Foinavon's silks had been changed at the last minute as his regular green colours were considered unlucky. It was because of this chance meeting that he was able to identify the 100/1 outsider and carry the commentary.
However, in the 1969 Grand National, O'Hehir made a horrendous error stating that eventual winner Highland Wedding had fallen at Bechers Brook (2nd circuit) when a horse called Kilburn fell. He only covered three TV Grand Nationals (1967, 1968 and 1969), afterwards he would continue to cover the race for BBC Radio until 1981.
In addition to horseracing, O'Hehir also covered showjumping, including the Dublin Horse Show at the RDS in Ballsbridge.
Head of Sport
In 1961 Ireland's first national television station, Telefís Éireann, was founded and O'Hehir was appointed head of sports programmes. As a result of his influence, O'Hehir secured the broadcasting rights to the closing stages of the All-Ireland hurling and football championships for the new station. As well as his new role O'Hehir continued to keep up a hectic schedule of commentaries.
Current affairs broadcasting
O'Hehir's skills did not just confine him to sports broadcasting, in November 1963, he faced his toughest broadcast. By coincidence, he was on holiday with his wife Molly in New York City when US President John F. Kennedy was assassinated. O'Hehir was asked by Telefís Éireann to provide the commentary for the funeral. The live five-hour broadcast proved a huge challenge for him, as he had had no association with political or current affairs broadcasting up to that point and lacked the resources available to more established television stations. O'Hehir's commentary, however, won widespread acclaim in Ireland and showed a different side of his nature. He later described it as the most moving and most demanding commentary of his career. O'Hehir was known in the United States prior to this as he had worked with ABC as a racing commentator. His presentation of the Kennedy funeral brought offers from American broadcasters, however, he preferred to remain in Ireland.
O'Hehir later provided commentaries for other non-sporting events such as the reburial of Roger Casement (who had been executed in 1916) in 1965 and the celebrations marking the golden jubilee of the Easter Rising in 1966.
Later career
In the early 1970s, the initial challenge of being head of sport had faded as Telefís Éireann was now an established broadcaster. In 1972, he became manager of the newly designed Leopardstown Racecourse but left the following year to continue writing and broadcasting as a freelance journalist. This work took him to America where he commentated for NBC in races such as the Arlington Million. This association with the American broadcaster lasted well into the eighties.
In 1975 O'Hehir was honoured by The Late Late Show with a special tribute show. In the 1984 People of the Year Awards he was one of the winners.
In his commentary O'Hehir aimed at impartiality but admitted that he was always blamed for being "against the losers". Similarly, he was also blamed for making a game out of nothing. Shortly after Dublin defeated Galway in 1983 in a tense All-Ireland final about thirty Dublin supporters attacked him in the commentary box when he was commentating at another match in Navan. Only the presence of an armed detective - there to protect the microphone - saved him from serious injury.
Illness and later life
In August 1985 O'Hehir was preparing to commentate on the All-Ireland hurling final between Offaly and Galway. It would be a special occasion as it would mark his 100th commentary on an All-Ireland final. Two weeks before the game he suffered a stroke which left him using a wheelchair and with some speaking difficulties. This illness denied him the chance to reach the century milestone.
O'Hehir was subsequently replaced by Ger Canning on television, and on radio by Mícheál Ó Muircheartaigh. He had hoped to return to broadcasting one day to complete his 100th final; however, this never happened.
In 1987 the centenary All-Ireland football final took place and a special series of events were planned on the day at Croke Park. There was a parade of the 1947 Polo Grounds finalists; however, the biggest cheer of the day was reserved for O'Hehir who was pushed onto the field in a wheelchair by his son Peter. Nobody expected the standing ovation and the massive outpouring of emotion from the thousands of fans present and from O'Hehir himself.
Over the next few years, O'Hehir withdrew from public life. He returned briefly in 1996 when his autobiography, My Life and Times, was published.
Death
Michael O'Hehir died in Dublin on 24 November 1996.
Quotes
"And if there's anybody along the way there listening in, just give us five minutes more" - O'Hehir saving the 1947 Polo Grounds Final for all the Irish listeners
"Ring in front of the goal is going through. He steadies himself, he takes a shot. It's blocked by Art Foley and it's cleared out by Art Foley. Oh, what a magnificent save there by Art Foley" - O'Hehir's description of Art Foley's famous save in the final moments of the 1956 hurling final
"And Tom Cheasty breaks through with Kilkenny defenders falling around him like dying wasps" - during one of the Kilkenny - Waterford games of the late 1950s or early 1960s
"And it looks like there’s a bit of a schemozzle in the parallelogram" - O'Hehir's ubiquitous euphemism for a fight
"The greatest freak of all time" - after Mikey Sheehy lobs the ball into the goal while Dublin goalkeeper, Paddy Cullen is arguing with the referee
"And it looks as if they were winning the way the Offaly men are just dithering and dawdling there...and here they come. This is Liam Connor the full-back...a high, lobbing, dropping ball in towards the goalmouth...a shot and a GOAL, a GOAL, a GOAL FOR OFFALY! There was a goal in the game! A goal. Oh, what a goal!" - O'Hehir's reaction as Séamus Darby scores the winning goal for Offaly in the 1982 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, denying Kerry a famous fifth consecutive All-Ireland title.
"And the bare-footed wonder with the ball now" - O'Hehir's description of Babs Keating who played some of the 1971 All-Ireland Hurling Final in his bare feet
"And there he is, Alan Lotty. He may be bootless, he may be sockless, he may be stickless, but he is certainly not ball-less." - O'Hehir's unusual description of Cork's Alan Lotty after he discarded his boots and socks and lost his hurley in a collision with another player
"And it is a penalty. And Paddy Cullen, heaven help him, in there in the goal" - during the 1974 all-Ireland football final.
"And the Jacks are back alright and the way they're playing right now the Galway backs are jacked!"
See also
List of people on stamps of Ireland
References
1920 births
1996 deaths
Alumni of University College Dublin
Gaelic games commentators
Irish Independent people
Irish sports broadcasters
People educated at O'Connell School
People from Glasnevin
RTÉ Radio 1 presenters
RTÉ television presenters
St Vincents (Dublin) hurlers
Gaelic games players from County Dublin
Sportspeople from County Dublin
Broadcasters from County Dublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20O%27Hehir |
Joseph Thorarinn Thorson, (March 15, 1889 – July 6, 1978) was a lawyer and politician from Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
He was a Rhodes Scholar, and a veteran of World War I.
He was the Liberal Member of Parliament for the ridings of Winnipeg South Centre (1926—1930) and Selkirk (1935—1942). From 1941 to 1942, he was the Minister of National War Services in the cabinet of William Lyon Mackenzie King.
In 1942, he was made President of the Exchequer Court of Canada.
Cartoonist Charles Thorson was his younger brother.
Electoral history
References
Joseph Thorarinn Thorson fonds, Library and Archives Canada
1889 births
1978 deaths
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Manitoba
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
Thorson, Joseph Thorarinn
Judges of the Exchequer Court of Canada
Members of the Middle Temple
Lawyers in Manitoba
Canadian Rhodes Scholars
Alumni of New College, Oxford
Canadian King's Counsel
Canadian Expeditionary Force officers
Academic staff of the University of Manitoba | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Thorarinn%20Thorson |
Evangelical Protestantism is one of five officially recognized faiths in Albania. It is a Christian faith that views Jesus Christ as its founder and head, and the Bible (especially the New Testament) as its written authority.
The US International Religious Freedom Report of 2022 noted that 38% of the population (just over a million people) have a Christian background. There are 95 Christian groups in the country, 174 of which are evangelical. The number of Evangelical Protestants in Albania has risen from approximately 8000 in 1998, to approximately 14,000 in the early 2020s. However, in the 2011 census, 70% of respondents refused to declare belief in any of the listed faiths.
Unlike other official religions in Albania, Evangelical Protestants are not organized under a hierarchy with an official head, but operate autonomously in separate churches or organizations bearing different denominational or non-denominational names. Most, but not all Evangelical/Protestant groups are members of the Albania's Evangelical Brotherhood (VUSH), a cooperative organization which views itself as existing as "an instrument of blessing … with the purpose of promoting unity amongst the churches, representing every local church with dignity, and promoting evangelism."
Protestant denominations include Baptist, Lutheran and Anglican.
History
On August 26, 1816, Robert Pinkerton wrote the British and Foreign and Bible Society to encourage them to translate the New Testament into Albanian. Cyrus Hamlin reported in 1857 that Albanians were applying to his Protestant seminary. The first documented Albanian Protestant was Kostandin Kristoforidhi, who left his native Orthodox faith and converted to Protestantism on his own while comparing Orthodox, Roman Catholic and Protestant theological texts. He joined the Protestant Church of Smyrna in 1856 or 1857, and was sent to Istanbul for theological training.
In Monastir, Gjerasim Qiriazi also converted to Protestantism ca. 1876-1877, and united with the multi-ethnic Protestant church there. The first two known Albanian Protestant-Evangelical churches were both established by Gjerasim Qiriazi, first in Monastir in 1884 and later in Korça in 1890 (both cities then part of the Ottoman Empire).
In April 1890, Gjerasim Qiriazi was ordained as the first Albanian evangelist and preacher by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in the board's annual meeting help in Monastir. The second church among Albanians was opened in Korça. Qiriazi was also the head of one of the first national societies within Albania, named “The Evangelical Brotherhood”. As a result, Gjerasim Qiriazi is considered as the father of the Albanian Protestant Church.
During the Communist regime of the late 20th century, Albania was declared as the world’s first atheist country. Over 2,000 religious institutions were closed. Several religious leaders and preachers were arrested, imprisoned and executed. It was against the law to buy a Bible at that time. When the regime ended in 1991, there were less than 20 Evangelical Christians in the country.
In July, 1991 an international consortium of eleven mission agencies calling themselves the Albanian Encouragement Project (AEP) secured government permission to hold an evangelical gathering in Tirana. The AEP grew to 45 agencies and continued their work there for several years.
Freedom of religion
In 2023, the constitution provides for freedom of religion and conscience. It states that there is no official religion, but officially recognises Sunni Albanian Muslims, Bektashi Muslims, Roman Catholics, Albanian Autocephalous Orthodox and VUSH.
In 2022, Albania scored 4 out of 4 for religious freedom.
See also
Religion in Albania
Christianity in Albania
Roman Catholicism in Albania
Orthodoxy in Albania
Irreligion in Albania
Freedom of religion in Albania
References
Further reading
Hosaflook, David. Lëvizja protestante te shqiptarët, 1816-1908. Skopje: ITSHKSH, 2019.
Young, David. Lëvizja protestante midis shqiptarëve, 1908-1991. Prishtina: TENDA, 2011.
External links
(dedicated to the study and research of Protestantism in Albania). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism%20in%20Albania |
Harry's Cafe de Wheels is an iconic pie cart located on Cowper Wharf Road in Woolloomooloo, Sydney, Australia, near the Finger Wharf and Fleet Base East.
They are best known for their dish "Tiger Pie", an Australian meat pie topped with mashed potato, mushy peas and gravy; it was named after the pie cart's founder Harry "Tiger" Edwards.
Other Harry's Cafe de Wheels operate in Baulkham Hills, Darling Quarter, Greystanes, Kogarah, Liverpool, Marsden Park, Newcastle (using a converted Sydney R-Class Tram), Penrith, St. Marys, Tempe and Woodbine.
Description
Harry's Cafe de Wheels was a moveable food van, similar to those found at funfairs, with a hung awning. It has been moved a number of times in its history but the van is now permanently fixed on a masonry base. The caravan walls have been decorated with custom painted murals by Alan Puckett, a motoring art specialist. The inside walls of the cart are decorated with pictures and murals of famous visitors.
The site is considered a Sydney icon and an institution in the local area. The significance of the location is reflected by its inclusion on the New South Wales National Trust register.
The 1945 version of Harry's Pie Cart, retired after 40 years of use, is now located in the Powerhouse Museum collection.
Harry's pies are supplied from Hannah's Pies, its factory in the inner city suburb of Ultimo.
History
Harry "Tiger" Edwards opened the original caravan cafe, named simply Harry's, near the gates of the Woolloomooloo Naval Yard in 1936. He served with the Second Australian Imperial Force in World War II, during which time the cafe was not operational. The cart re-opened upon his return from the war in 1945.
The name Cafe de Wheels came about because of the requirement from the city council that mobile food caravans had to move a minimum of 12 inches (30 cm) each day. The cart has been moved to various locations on Cowper Wharf Road, mostly due to re-development work in the Woolloomooloo Bay area. Local legend tells that the name was temporarily changed to Cafe de Axle at one point when the wheels were stolen.
As the years passed, 'Harry's Cafe de Wheels' gained new fame as a tourist attraction. A visit to the caravan became a 'must' for visiting celebrities such as Frank Sinatra, Robert Mitchum and Marlene Dietrich. In 1974, Colonel Sanders stopped at Harry's and enjoyed the food so much that he ate three 'pies and peas' while leaning on his walking stick in front of the caravan. A picture of Sanders taken during the visit still hangs in the caravan today.
Harry's specialises today in the same basic food that was popular back in the 1940s, such as pies and mushy peas. During the 1970s Harry's introduced hot dogs, mostly to appease the American sailors.
Menu
The pies and hotdogs available on the menu include:
The famous Tiger pie and its variations (Bacon and Cheese Tiger, Veggie Tiger)
Pie and peas
Seafood pie
Hot dog with veggies
Hot dog de wheels
Chilli dog
In popular culture
Australian singer Peter Blakeley named his 1989 album Harry's Cafe de Wheels with a photo on the cover.
The cafe was featured in the second season of the reality television show The Amazing Race in 2002 as the site of a Fast Forward challenge where one team had to eat two meat pies. It was also featured on the first season of HaMerotz LaMillion, the Israeli version of The Amazing Race.
It was featured on the Sydney episode of Bizarre Foods with Andrew Zimmern on the Travel Channel.
It was featured in season 2, episode 11 of television series The Bachelor, where contestant Laurina bemoaned receiving a "dirty street pie".
References
Other sources
Harry's Cafe de Wheels website , Accessed July 2006.
National Trust Register; Harry's Cafe de Wheels, Register Entry , Accessed July 2006.
Burke, N; Cafe de Wheels and a danger to walkers; Daily Telegraph, 27 December 2003
Jinman, R; Crash Courses; Sydney Morning Herald, 25 May 2004
External links
Powerhouse Museum – Harry's Cafe de Wheels, 1945
Harry’s Café de Wheels National Trust – article explaining the significance of the structure (includes historic images including one of the late Colonel Sanders partaking of the spécialités d'hote).
Culture of Sydney
Buildings and structures in Sydney
1938 establishments in Australia
Food and drink companies based in Sydney
Food trucks
Fast-food chains of Australia
Australian companies established in 1938
Coffeehouses and cafés in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%27s%20Cafe%20de%20Wheels |
Lake Bastrop is a reservoir on Spicer Creek in the Colorado River basin 3 miles (5 km) northeast of the town of Bastrop in central Bastrop County, Texas, United States. The reservoir was formed in 1964 by the construction of a dam by the Lower Colorado River Authority. The lake serves primarily as a power plant cooling pond for the Sim Gideon Power Plant operated by the LCRA and the Lost Pines Power Project 1, owned by GenTex Power Corporation, a wholly owned affiliate of the LCRA. Lake Bastrop also serves as a venue for outdoor recreation, including fishing, boating, swimming, camping and picnicking, and is maintained at a constant level year round.
Approximately one quarter of the shoreline of the Lake is privately owned by the Capitol Area Council, Boy Scouts of America. This property is used for the Lost Pines Scout Reservation, consisting of Cub World at Camp Tom Wooten, for Cub Scouts and Lost Pines Boy Scout Camp, for Boy Scouts. The Scouts leased the property from the LCRA starting in 1965, buying the land in the late 1990s.
Fish populations
Lake Bastrop has been stocked with species of fish intended to improve the utility of the reservoir for recreational fishing. Fish present in Lake Bastrop include catfish, crappie, perch, sunfish, carp, and largemouth bass.
Recreational uses
The Lower Colorado River Authority maintains two public parks, North Shore Park and South Shore Park, on the lake, both of which provide campsites for rent.
Water Conditions
Water Clarity : Annually clear , however occasionally stained.
Water Structure: Lake provides a high density of aquatic vegetation , providing multiple habitats.
Water Levels: Annually will fluctuate 1 to 2 feet depending on time of year.
References
External links
South Shore Park - Lower Colorado River Authority
North Shore Park - Lower Colorado River Authority
Lake Bastrop - Texas Parks & Wildlife
Lake Bastrop - Handbook of Texas Online
- Capitol Area Council-Boy Scouts of America
Bastrop
Protected areas of Bastrop County, Texas
Bodies of water of Bastrop County, Texas
Cooling ponds | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Bastrop |
John Jay High School is a public high school in the Northside Independent School District of San Antonio, Texas, United States, which generally serves the northwest portion of the city.
History
All high schools in the Northside Independent School District (NISD) are named for US Supreme Court Justices, and the first Supreme Court Chief Justice was John Jay. John Jay High also contains a magnet school, the John Jay Science and Engineering Academy.
Student Locator Project
On October 1, 2012, the high school and Anson Jones Middle School began the controversial "Student Locator Project." Students were required to wear school IDs embedded with RFID microchips at all times. Student Andrea Hernandez was suspended from the school for refusing to wear the badge for religious reasons, linking it to the "mark of the beast" in the biblical book of Revelation. The Rutherford Institute filed a suit on behalf of Hernandez, and on November 21, 2012, a judge tentatively blocked the suspension. Hernandez was expelled from the school in January 2013. In July 2013, she was allowed to re-enter the school, which had abandoned the RFID project.
Academics
In 2017, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency, with a 3-Star Distinction for Academic Achievements in Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies.
Athletics
The Jay Mustangs compete in these sports:
Baseball
Basketball
Cross country
American Football
Golf
Football
Softball
Swimming and diving
Tennis
Track and field
Volleyball
FIRST Robotics Competition
Championships
2002 5A State Champions in Boys' Basketball
1991 5A State Champions in Girls' Volleyball
2015 football incident
On September 4, 2015, the athletic program attracted national attention after a game in which two players, identified as Victor Rojas and Michael Moreno, drove into the back of umpire Robert Watts during the final moments of the event. Rojas was ejected from the game and both were suspended from the team the next day. The two players were later suspended from school and an assistant coach, Mack Breed, who may have provoked the incident, was also suspended. The incident made national news. Breed admitted to ordering the hit, although he later recanted the statement. He resigned that same month. He later pleaded guilty to misdemeanor assault. Part of his sentencing included permanently surrendering his teaching license.
Notable alumni
Scott Ankrom (Class of 1984) — Former NFL wide receiver. Played one season for the Dallas Cowboys.
Maya Rockeymoore Cummings, political consultant
Clarissa Davis (Class of 1985) — Former NCAA basketball All-American and two-time Naismith National Player of the Year. Olympic and women's professional basketball standout. Inducted into The Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in 2006.
Derrick Hatchett (Class of 1975) — Former NFL player
Wallace B. Jefferson (Class of 1981) — Former Chief Justice, and first African American justice on the Supreme Court of Texas, 2004-2013.
Gina Ortiz Jones Iraq war veteran and Texas politician.
Thomas Lott (Class of 1974) — Former NFL player
Mickey Mahler (Class of 1970) — Former Major League pitcher. Played six seasons for three teams.
Rick Mahler (Class of 1971) — Former Major League pitcher. Played thirteen seasons for four teams, primarily the Atlanta Braves.
Sammy Morris (Class of 1995) — Former NFL running back. Played 12 seasons for four teams.
Bo Outlaw (Class of 1989) — Former NBA basketball player. Played 15 seasons for five teams.
Reuben Reina (Class of 1986) The most accomplished distance runner in Texas high school history. Former Olympian in the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona. Inducted into both the University of Arkansas Sports Hall of Fame and the San Antonio Sports Hall of Fame.
Josh Reynolds (Class of 2013) — Current NFL wide receiver for the Detroit Lions
Chris Ross (Class of 2003) — Current professional basketball player in the Philippine Basketball Association. As a junior, sank a 50-foot half-court buzzer-beater to give Jay the 2002 Class 5A state basketball championship.
Yolanda Saldívar — Convicted murderer of Latin music superstar Selena, and currently serving a life sentence in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Saldivar attended, but did not graduate from Jay.
Demetria Sance (Class of 1995) — Former Olympic volleyball player
Billy Smith (Class of 1971) — Former MLB Player
Billy Taylor (Class of 1973) — Former NFL player
Scott Thomas (Class of 1982) — Former All-American college football player (defensive back) at the Air Force Academy; elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2012. Awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross as a USAF F-16 combat pilot in Desert Storm.
References
External links
Northside Independent School District
High schools in San Antonio
Public high schools in Bexar County, Texas
Northside Independent School District high schools
1967 establishments in Texas
Educational institutions established in 1967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Jay%20High%20School%20%28San%20Antonio%29 |
Calorie Kun vs Moguranian is a platform arcade game developed by Vic Tokai and published by Sega in 1986.
Gameplay
The player controls "Calorie-Kun" an abstract, mole-like creature that must make its way around a number of tunnels with ladders, avoiding enemies and collecting the items placed around the screen; before quickly making its way to the exit. The player is armed with a limited number of bombs that can be used to destroy or disable enemies.
Calorie-kun faces a timer in the form of a calorie counter which is slowly counting down and may be replenished by fruit and other food items scattered throughout the level. If allowed to drop too low, Calorie-kun will grow anemic and slow down considerably. If raised too high too quickly, Calorie-kun instead becomes too fat to move around in most tunnels until the counter drops again, or may even explode if the counter reaches an extreme.
Reception
In Japan, Game Machine listed Calorie Kun vs. Moguranian on their October 1, 1986 issue as being the tenth most-successful table arcade unit of the month.
References
External links
Calorie Kun vs. Moguranian at Arcade History
1986 video games
Arcade video games
Arcade-only video games
Sega arcade games
Vic Tokai games
Video games developed in Japan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calorie%20Kun%20vs.%20Moguranian |
Konrad Hermann Theodor Knopp (22 July 1882 – 20 April 1957) was a German mathematician who worked on generalized limits and complex functions.
Family and education
Knopp was born in 1882 in Berlin to Paul Knopp (1845–1904), a businessman in manufacturing, and Helene (1857–1923), née Ostertun, whose own father was a butcher. Paul's hometown of Neustettin, then part of Germany, became Polish territory after the Second World War and is now called Szczecinek. In 1910, Konrad married the painter Gertrud Kressner (1879 - 1974). They had a daughter Ortrud Knopp (1911 - 1976), with the grandchildren Willfried Spohn (1944 - 2012), Herbert Spohn (*1946) und Wolfgang Spohn (*1950), and a son Ingolf Knopp (1915 – 2008), with the grandchildren Brigitte Knopp (*1952) and Werner Knopp (*1954).
Konrad was primarily educated in Berlin, with a brief sojourn at the University of Lausanne in 1901 for a single semester, before settling at the University of Berlin, where he remained for his doctoral studies. His doctoral thesis, entitled Grenzwerte von Reihen bei der Annäherung an die Konvergenzgrenze, was supervised by Schottky and Frobenius; he received his PhD in 1907.
Travels, teaching, and military career
Knopp traveled widely in Asia, taking teaching jobs in Nagasaki, Japan (1908-9), at the commercial college, and in Qingdao, China (1910–11), at the German-Chinese college there, and spending some time in India and China following his stay in Japan. His wedding to Kressner, the daughter of Colonel Karl Kressner and Hedwig Rebling, took place in Germany between these periods. After Qingdao he returned to Germany for good and taught at military academies while writing his habilitation thesis for Berlin University.
During the First World War he was an officer and was wounded at the beginning of the war, which resulted in his discharge from the army; by the autumn of 1914 he was teaching at Berlin University. In the following year he was appointed as an extraordinary professor at the University of Königsberg, becoming an ordinary professor there in 1919. In 1926 he accepted a professorship at University of Tübingen as the chair of mathematics, and remained there until his retirement in 1950.
Publications and editions
Articles
Selected articles of Knopp include:
In 1918, Knopp was one of the co-founders of the journal Mathematische Zeitschrift (in which the majority of his above-cited articles are published). He was the editor of the journal from 1934 to 1952.
After retirement Knopp continued to do mathematics, publishing for example
and delivering the lecture Folgenräume und Limitierungsverfahren at the first meeting of the International Mathematics Union in 1952.
Books
Knopp's mathematical research was on "generalized limits" and he wrote two books on sequences and series:
He also authored two texts on functions of a complex variable as well as a problem book:
He also produced the sixth edition of the three-volume work (a fourth volume was later added by Friedrich Lösch in 1980):
See also
Osgood curve
Riemann zeta function
References
The following works were used as sources for the MacTutor biography on which this article was originally based:
External links
1882 births
1957 deaths
20th-century German mathematicians
German Army personnel of World War I
Complex analysts
Mathematical analysts
Scientists from Berlin
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
Academic staff of the University of Königsberg
Academic staff of the University of Tübingen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad%20Knopp |
The Great War: Walk in Hell is the second book in the Great War series of alternate history books by Harry Turtledove. It is also the third part of the Southern Victory (unofficial title). It takes the Southern Victory Series from 1915 to 1916.
Plot summary
The United States and Confederate States are locked in a stalemate as both of their offensives have stalled; the U.S. in Kentucky pushing south, the C.S.A. in Maryland pushing north. The Confederacy must also deal with their black population rising up in rebellion driven by Marxist doctrine, and a change in administration as President Woodrow Wilson's term ends.
In the Confederate States Presidential Election of 1915, Whig Vice President Gabriel Semmes (apparently a fictitious relative of real life Confederate Navy officer Raphael Semmes) is elected President by a wide margin over Radical Liberal candidate Doroteo Arango of Chihuahua to succeed Wilson.
The war begins to turn in the favor of the U.S. as the Kentucky offensive, led by George Armstrong Custer, manages to conquer enough of Kentucky to readmit it into the Union after 54 years as a member of the Confederacy. He uses the new invention known as "barrels" (tanks) to break through.
The Confederacy, conversely, has begun to lose its gains in southern Pennsylvania, and to be pushed back into Maryland. Washington, D.C., in Confederate hands since 1914, is still in their possession, but as their hold on Maryland weakens, the C.S. is faced with the possibility of losing the old U.S. capital as well.
Meanwhile, Flora Hamburger, a Socialist from New York, gains a nomination from her party, installing her as one of the first women in the House of Representatives in this alternate timeline.
Faced with a shortage of eligible white men, the Confederacy is forced to consider a bill that would allow blacks to serve in the C.S. Army, even though a number of them had rebelled against the same government that is now offering citizenship to volunteers.
The novel ends at the end of the 1916 presidential election where incumbent Democratic President Theodore Roosevelt and Vice President Walter McKenna is re-elected over Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs by a wide margin with the U.S. Army moving further into Confederate territory.
Reception
Publishers Weekly gave the book a positive review, stating that " the author emphasizes character, and his thorough knowledge of the period's history will, as usual, captivate his readers". SF Site also praised the book, saying that "Turtledove takes us to another world and plants us with all vividness among its ingeniously contrived unrealities".
Kirkus were critical of the book, saying it was "not so much alternate history as patriotic solipsism".
References
1999 American novels
Southern Victory Series
American alternate history novels
Novels set during World War I
World War I alternate histories
Ballantine Books books
Cultural depictions of Theodore Roosevelt
Cultural depictions of Woodrow Wilson
Cultural depictions of George Armstrong Custer
Fiction set in 1915
Fiction set in 1916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Great%20War%3A%20Walk%20in%20Hell |
Jan Samuel Chrzanowski (died 1688 in Jazłowiec (Yazlovets), Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, now Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine) was a Polish officer known for his command during the Battle of Trembowla.
Life
Chrzanowski was a member of the Polish bourgeois. He began his military career in the regiment of Stanisław Koniecpolski. He fought at Khotyn (Chocim) in 1673 and gained the rank of captain the same year. From 1674, he served under Aleksander Niezabitowski . A year later, his regiment came under the ownership of Jan Cetner, the starost of Szczurowice (Ukrainian: Щуровичі).
During the Polish-Turkish war in 1675, a 30,000 strong Turkish army, aided by Tartars and led by the Sultan Serder's son in law Ibrahim Szyszman, invaded present day Ukraine. After conquering Zbaraż (Zbarazh) on July 27, 1675 and Podhorce (Pidhirtsi) on September 11, 1675, about 10,000 soldiers of the Turkish army arrived in Trembowla (Terebovlia). The town was destroyed, but the castle, defended by about 80 soldiers, a handful of nobleman and around 200 peasants, all led by Jan Samuel Chrzanowski, withstood the Turkish armies' advances for over two weeks. On October 11, 1675 the Turkish army withdrew its forces upon hearing that Polish forces led by the King Jan III Sobieski were approaching. In a camp near Buchach King Jan Sobieski gave Chrzanowski the rank of lieutenant colonel.
Chrzanowski's acts of bravery became famous in all of Poland, and in 1676 he was asked to stand before the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's General sejm wherein he became ennobled and granted the Poraj coat of arms, while also receiving a reward of 5,000 złoty.
From 1676 he was a commandant of Lwów (Lviv) and from 1682 a podstoli of Mielnic.
He was married to Anna Dorota Chrzanowska.
See also
Wojciech Chrzanowski
Anna Dorota Chrzanowska
References
17th-century births
1688 deaths
Military personnel from Ternopil Oblast
Polish nobility
Clan of Poraj
Polish military leaders | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Samuel%20Chrzanowski |
The Rutland-Windsor-1 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont. It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 U.S. Census. The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010. A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 U.S. Census.
The Rutland-Windsor-1 District includes all of the Rutland County towns of Chittenden, Killington, and Mendon, and the Windsor County town of Bridgewater.
As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Rutland-Windsor-1 District had a population of 4,285 in that same census, 5.57% above the state average.
District Representative
Job Tate, Republican
See also
Members of the Vermont House of Representatives, 2005-2006 session
Vermont Representative Districts, 2002-2012
External links
Detail map of Rutland County districts (PDF)
Vermont Statute defining legislative districts
Vermont House districts -- Statistics
Vermont House of Representatives districts, 2002–2012
Bridgewater, Vermont
Chittenden, Vermont
Killington, Vermont
Mendon, Vermont | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutland-Windsor-1%20Vermont%20Representative%20District%2C%202002%E2%80%932012 |
Distributed amplifiers are circuit designs that incorporate transmission line theory into traditional amplifier design to obtain a larger gain-bandwidth product than is realizable by conventional circuits.
History
The design of the distributed amplifiers was first formulated by William S. Percival in 1936. In that year Percival proposed a design by which the transconductances of individual vacuum tubes could be added linearly without lumping their element capacitances at the input and output, thus arriving at a circuit that achieved a gain-bandwidth product greater than that of an individual tube. Percival's design did not gain widespread awareness however, until a publication on the subject was authored by Ginzton, Hewlett, Jasberg, and Noe in 1948. It is to this later paper that the term distributed amplifier can actually be traced. Traditionally, DA design architectures were realized using vacuum tube technology.
Current technology
More recently, III-V semiconductor technologies, such as GaAs and InP have been used. These have superior performance resulting from higher bandgaps (higher electron mobility), higher saturated electron velocity, higher breakdown voltages and higher-resistivity substrates. The latter contributes much to the availability of higher quality-factor (Q-factor or simply Q) integrated passive devices in the III-V semiconductor technologies.
To meet the marketplace demands on cost, size, and power consumption of monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs), research continues in the development of mainstream digital bulk-CMOS processes for such purposes. The continuous scaling of feature sizes in current IC technologies has enabled microwave and mm-wave CMOS circuits to directly benefit from the resulting increased unity-gain frequencies of the scaled technology. This device scaling, along with the advanced process control available in today's technologies, has recently made it possible to reach a transition frequency (ft) of 170 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency (fmax) of 240 GHz in a 90 nm CMOS process.
Theory of operation
The operation of the DA can perhaps be most easily understood when explained in terms of the traveling-wave tube amplifier (TWTA). The DA consists of a pair of transmission lines with characteristic impedances of Z0 independently connecting the inputs and outputs of several active devices. An RF signal is thus supplied to the section of transmission line connected to the input of the first device. As the input signal propagates down the input line, the individual devices respond to the forward traveling input step by inducing an amplified complementary forward traveling wave on the output line. This assumes the delays of the input and output lines are made equal through selection of propagation constants and lengths of the two lines and as such the output signals from each individual device sum in phase. Terminating resistors Zg and Zd are placed to minimize destructive reflections.
The transconductive gain of each device is gm and the output impedance seen by each transistor is half the characteristic impedance of the transmission line. So that the overall voltage gain of the DA is:
Av = ½ n·gm·Z0, where n is the number of stages.
Neglecting losses, the gain demonstrates a linear dependence on the number of devices (stages). Unlike the multiplicative nature of a cascade of conventional amplifiers, the DA demonstrates an additive quality. It is this synergistic property of the DA architecture that makes it possible for it to provide gain at frequencies beyond that of the unity-gain frequency of the individual stages. In practice, the number of stages is limited by the diminishing input signal resulting from attenuation on the input line. Means of determining the optimal number of stages are discussed below. Bandwidth is typically limited by impedance mismatches brought about by frequency dependent device parasitics.
The DA architecture introduces delay in order to achieve its broadband gain characteristics. This delay is a desired feature in the design of another distributive system called the distributed oscillator.
Lumped elements
Delay lines are made of lumped elements of L and C. The parasitic L and the C from the transistors are used for this and usually some L is added to raise the line impedance. Because of the Miller effect in the common source amplifier the input and the output transmission line are coupled. For example, for voltage inverting and current amplifying the input and the output form a shielded balanced line. The current is increasing in the output transmission line with every subsequent transistor, and therefore less and less L is added to keep the voltage constant and more and more extra C is added to keep the velocity constant. This C can come from parasitics of a second stage. These delay lines do not have a flat dispersion near their cut off, so it is important to use the same L-C periodicity in the input and the output. If inserting transmission lines, input and output will disperse away from each other.
For a distributed amplifier the input is fed in series into the amplifiers and parallel out of them. To avoid losses in the input, no input signal is allowed to leak through. This is avoided by using a balanced input and output also known as push–pull amplifier. Then all signals which leak through the parasitic capacitances cancel. The output is combined in a delay line with decreasing impedance. For narrow band operation other methods of phase-matching are possible, which avoid feeding the signal through multiple coils and capacitors. This may be useful for power-amplifiers.
The single amplifiers can be of any class. There may be some synergy between distributed class E/F amplifiers and some phase-matching methods. Only the fundamental frequency is used in the end, so this is the only frequency, which travels through the delay line version.
Because of the Miller effect a common source transistor acts as a capacitor (non inverting) at high frequencies and has an inverting transconductance at low frequencies. The channel of the transistor has three dimensions. One dimension, the width, is chosen depending on the current needed. The trouble is for a single transistor parasitic capacitance and gain both scale linearly with the width. For the distributed amplifier the capacitance – that is the width – of the single transistor is chosen based on the highest frequency and the width needed for the current is split across all transistors.
Applications
Note that those termination resistors are usually not used in CMOS, but the losses due to these are small in typical applications. In solid state power amplifiers often multiple discrete transistors are used for power reasons anyway. If all transistors are driven in a synchronized fashion a very high gate drive power is needed. For frequencies at which small and efficient coils are available distributed amplifiers are more efficient.
Voltage can be amplified by a common gate transistor, which shows no miller effect and no unit gain frequency cut off. Adding this yields the cascode configuration. The common gate configuration is incompatible with CMOS; it adds a resistor, that means loss, and is more suited for broadband than for high efficiency applications.
Radio
Acousto-optic modulator
time to digital converter
See also
Gunn diode is a device without any parasitic C or L very suitable for broadband applications
Regenerative circuit is circuit using the parasitics of a single transistor for a high frequency narrow band amplifier
Armstrong oscillator is circuit using the parasitics of a single transistor for a high frequency narrow band oscillator
References
External links
Microwaves101.com – Distributed amplifiers
Electronic amplifiers
Distributed element circuits | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20amplifier |
Leeds Conservatoire (formerly known as The Leeds Music Centre, the City of Leeds College of Music, and Leeds College of Music) is a higher education music conservatoire based in the Quarry Hill district of Leeds, England. It was founded in 1965 by Joseph Stones.
Aside from its education provision, which also includes short courses and programmes for adults and school-age musicians, Leeds Conservatoire hosts a seasonal programme of concerts, largely in its 350-seat auditorium 'The Venue'. In 2011, Leeds Conservatoire was awarded All-Steinway School status, becoming the only conservatoire in England to have 90% of its pianos from the Steinway family.
Leeds Conservatoire became a wholly owned subsidiary of Leeds City College in August 2011, and is now a member of the Luminate Education Group. In 2018, the conservatoire regained its status as a Higher Education Institution.
Organisation
Affiliations
Leeds Conservatoire is partnered with Berklee College of Music as part of the Berklee International Network. Leeds Conservatoire is also a member of Conservatoires UK and partner of the European Association of Conservatoires.
Academic profile
Admission
Leeds Conservatoire was dissolved as a Higher Education institution in 2009 after merging with Leeds City College. After regaining Higher Education status in June 2018, Leeds Conservatoire will again be listed on university league tables.
Teaching and degrees
Undergraduate courses at Leeds Conservatoire are known as pathways; genres and styles of music that students choose to major in. Courses include Business, Classical, Film Music, Folk, Jazz, Popular, Production, Songwriting, Musical Theatre, Acting and Actor Musician. Students may also choose to combine two pathways. The conservatoire also offers a one-year Foundation Degree certificate providing students with an extra year before commencing their undergraduate study. Completion of any three-year undergraduate pathway will result in students being awarded a Bachelor of Arts. Leeds Conservatoire was the first music institution in Europe to offer a bachelor's degree in the study of Jazz music, and the first conservatoire in the UK to offer a degree in Popular music.
Until September 2018 the conservatoire also ran Further education courses, including BTEC Music and Music Technology. All FE courses were moved to the Creative Arts Faculty of Leeds City College.
The conservatoire also runs a one-year postgraduate programme in which students can study for a Master of Music or postgraduate diploma.
Since September 2013, all undergraduate and postgraduate degree courses are validated by the University of Hull.
In addition to degree courses, Leeds Conservatoire is also host to a series of short courses available to children and adults. This also includes Leeds Junior Conservatoire, previously known as the Saturday Music School, which runs courses available to children from ages 9–18. On Sundays, the conservatoire is also a host for Yorkshire Young Musicians.
History
Leeds Conservatoire was established in 1965 as the Leeds Music Centre, delivering extra-curricular music classes at the Leeds Institute building near Millennium Square, which now houses Leeds City Museum. In 1971, it became known as the City of Leeds College of Music. In 1993, the conservatoire launched the first Jazz degree in Europe.
In 1997, the conservatoire was moved to purpose-built premises on Quarry Hill, neighbouring with the Leeds Playhouse, Northern Ballet and the BBC Yorkshire building.
In 2009, the conservatoire announced plans to merge with Bradford University. In the following year, Leeds Conservatoire instead received approval from the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) to merge with Leeds City College. On 1 August 2011, the conservatoire became a wholly owned subsidiary within the Leeds City College Group. As a result, the conservatoire lost its Higher Education Institution status, and so all undergraduate and postgraduate degrees were validated, first by Bradford University, and now the University of Hull.
In 2012, Leeds Conservatoire received a £2 million refurbishment for its recording studios, performance and communal spaces. This also introduced raked seating to the conservatoire's main performance space, The Venue. Funding from the government and additional private donations saw the conservatoire receiving 54 Steinway pianos in September 2011, resulting in the conservatoire becoming the only All-Steinway school in England at the time.
The Sounds Like THIS festival, initiated by the conservatoire, made its debut in March 2017, showcasing artists "who take bold new approaches to sound, incorporating electronic, classical, electroacoustic, opera and immersive visual installation". The festival received a grant from Arts Council England for the 2018 season.
In 2017, the conservatoire revamped its performance space The Venue with a rooftop extension. In September 2017, Leeds Conservatoire unveiled the Leeds Music Library, a new location for their previously internal library space. Following the library's relocation, the conservatoire invested £0.5 million to refurbish the fifth floor of the main building with new practice rooms and study space.
In June 2018, the conservatoire regained its Higher Education Institution status.
In 2019, the conservatoire partnered with Opera North.
From 3 August 2020, Leeds College of Music adopted Leeds Conservatoire as its new name, following the launch of new degree courses in Musical Theatre, Acting and Actor Musician.
Noted people
Alumni
The conservatoire has exported a variety of notable alumni in different musical disciplines. This includes Jazz pianists David Newton, Nikki Iles, saxophonists Pete Wareham and Alan Barnes, trumpeters Chris Batchelor and Richard Iles, and guitarists Nick Webb and Giuliano Modarelli. Badly Drawn Boy, Snake Davis, John Thirkell, Adrian Snell, Matthew Bourne, James Lynch of Touch and Go, Michael Spearman of Everything Everything, Geoff Downes of Yes and Asia, Chris Sharkey of Trio VD and Acoustic Ladyland, Ryan and Gary Jarman of The Cribs, James Yeoburn Mark Holub and Brett Domino are also associated with the conservatoire. Dave Bainbridge, guitarist with Iona and later keyboards player for Strawbs, also studied there and won the BBC Radio 2 Best Jazz soloist award whilst at the conservatoire. Motorhead drummer Phil Taylor studied drumming at Leeds.
Singer John Newman received a BTEC in Popular Music from the conservatoire in 2010.
We Are Domi, the group who represented the Czech Republic at the Eurovision Song Contest 2022, met and formed at the conservatoire.
Staff
Pianist Dame Fanny Waterman is former head of the Advanced Performance Course. Jazz musicians Neil Yates, Nikki Iles, Mornington Lockett, Dave O'Higgins, Omar Puente, Louise Gibbs, Peter Churchill, and Tony Faulkner have previously taught at the conservatoire, as has the noted saxophone specialist, Richard Ingham. Former John Dankworth trumpet soloist was head of Jazz Studies until his retirement in 1992.The Folk faculty includes many notable names including Jim Moray, Nancy Kerr, Bryony Griffith and Pete Flood of Bellowhead.
Leeds Conservatoire also hosts masterclasses with visiting tutors, which in the past has included singer Barb Jungr, composers Sally Beamish and Gavin Bryars, baritone Sir Thomas Allen, soprano Deborah York, jazz trumpeter/composer/arranger Thad Jones, jazz saxophonist Andy Schofield and jazz guitarist Gilad Hekselman.
Principalship
Leeds Conservatoire has had five principals since its opening in 1965.
Joseph Stones (1965–1993)
David Hoult (1993–2008)
Philip Meaden (2008–2014)
Gerry Godley (2014–2020)
Joe Wilson (2020–present)
See also
Music school
References
External links
Leeds Conservatoire
Ofsted Report for LCM FE courses
Music schools in England
Further education colleges in Leeds
Educational institutions established in 1965
1965 establishments in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds%20Conservatoire |
Shot to Hell is the seventh studio album by American heavy metal band Black Label Society. It was released September 12, 2006, and was the band's first record released by Roadrunner Records.
Track listing
Production
According to Zakk Wylde, the band "just came in here and started knocking it out. That's how you make records."
The cover art was originally of three nuns with shotguns (as seen in the advertisements handed out at Ozzfest 2006), but it was deemed inappropriate and was changed to three nuns playing a game of pool. The version with shotguns was used as the cover of the "Concrete Jungle" single.
Reception
According to AllMusic, despite the band's change of label, "not much has changed artistically, no doubt to the relief of fans. Over the course of 13 songs, the band showcases impressive musicianship, incorporating occasional moodiness and balladic touches into its otherwise charging style of metal. The usual comparisons to Alice in Chains, Pantera, and Corrosion of Conformity are as apt as ever."
According to Blabbermouth.net, "Shot to Hell will not cause [the band] to lose fans, even with the abundance of ballads this time around. In fact, it is easier to listen to Shot to Hell in one sitting because of the song variety....Shot to Hell is probably more of what you expect with just a hint of progression."
Rock Hard gave a more positive summary, stating that the band had acquired a greater sense of its own style, with groovy mid-speed hits. The review noted that there was an unneeded absence of complexity.
Personnel
Black Label Society
Zakk Wylde – guitars, vocals, talk box, piano, keyboards, mellotron, organ
John DeServio – bass
Craig Nunenmacher – drums
Production
Produced by Zakk Wylde
Executive producer – Michael Beinhorn
Associate producers and engineers – Barry Conley, David Allen
Mixed by Randy Staub, except "Faith Is Blind", mixed by Dave Allen
Mastered by Ted Jensen
Management – Bob Ringe (Survival Management)
Assistant management – Barbaranne Wylde
Founding Father (A&R) – Mike Gitter
Artwork concept – Zakk Wylde, Barbaranne Wylde
Artwork production – Barbaranne Wylde
Artwork photography – Neil Zlozower
Artwork design and layout – Rob "RA" Arvizuae
Artwork casting – Deborah German Casting
Wardrobe – Bobbie Mannix
Makeup – Ralis Kahn
Nuns – Pat McNeely, Mary Lou Secor, Nan Taylor
Devils – Frank Bettag, David Case, Richard Summers
Charts
Singles
Billboard (North America)
References
2006 albums
Black Label Society albums
Roadrunner Records albums
Albums produced by Michael Beinhorn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot%20to%20Hell |
Arrestins (abbreviated Arr) are a small family of proteins important for regulating signal transduction at G protein-coupled receptors.
Arrestins were first discovered as a part of a conserved two-step mechanism for regulating the activity of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the visual rhodopsin system by Hermann Kühn, Scott Hall, and Ursula Wilden and in the β-adrenergic system by Martin J. Lohse and co-workers.
Function
In response to a stimulus, GPCRs activate heterotrimeric G proteins. In order to turn off this response, or adapt to a persistent stimulus, active receptors need to be desensitized. The first step in desensitization is phosphorylation of the receptor by a class of serine/threonine kinases called G protein coupled receptor kinases (GRKs). GRK phosphorylation specifically prepares the activated receptor for arrestin binding. Arrestin binding to the receptor blocks further G protein-mediated signaling and targets receptors for internalization, and redirects signaling to alternative G protein-independent pathways, such as β-arrestin signaling. In addition to GPCRs, arrestins bind to other classes of cell surface receptors and a variety of other signaling proteins.
Subtypes
Mammals express four arrestin subtypes and each arrestin subtype is known by multiple aliases. The systematic arrestin name (1-4) plus the most widely used aliases for each arrestin subtype are listed in bold below:
Arrestin-1 was originally identified as the S-antigen (SAG) causing uveitis (autoimmune eye disease), then independently described as a 48 kDa protein that binds light-activated phosphorylated rhodopsin before it became clear that both are one and the same. It was later renamed visual arrestin, but when another cone-specific visual subtype was cloned the term rod arrestin was coined. This also turned out to be a misnomer: arrestin-1 expresses at comparable very high levels in both rod and cone photoreceptor cells.
Arrestin-2 was the first non-visual arrestin cloned. It was first named β-arrestin simply because of the two GPCRs available in purified form at the time, rhodopsin and β2-adrenergic receptor, it showed preference for the latter.
Arrestin-3. The second non-visual arrestin cloned was first termed β-arrestin-2 (retroactively changing the name of β-arrestin into β-arrestin-1), even though by that time it was clear that non-visual arrestins interact with hundreds of different GPCRs, not just with β2-adrenergic receptor. Systematic names, arrestin-2 and arrestin-3, respectively, were proposed soon after that.
Arrestin-4 was cloned by two groups and termed cone arrestin, after photoreceptor type that expresses it, and X-arrestin, after the chromosome where its gene resides. In the HUGO database its gene is called arrestin-3.
Fish and other vertebrates appear to have only three arrestins: no equivalent of arrestin-2, which is the most abundant non-visual subtype in mammals, was cloned so far. The proto-chordate Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) has only one arrestin, which serves as visual in its mobile larva with highly developed eyes, and becomes generic non-visual in the blind sessile adult. Conserved positions of multiple introns in its gene and those of our arrestin subtypes suggest that they all evolved from this ancestral arrestin. Lower invertebrates, such as roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, also have only one arrestin. Insects have arr1 and arr2, originally termed “visual arrestins” because they are expressed in photoreceptors, and one non-visual subtype (kurtz in Drosophila). Later arr1 and arr2 were found to play an important role in olfactory neurons and renamed “sensory”. Fungi have distant arrestin relatives involved in pH sensing.
Tissue distribution
One or more arrestin is expressed in virtually every eukaryotic cell. In mammals, arrestin-1 and arrestin-4 are largely confined to photoreceptors, whereas arrestin-2 and arrestin-3 are ubiquitous. Neurons have the highest expression level of both non-visual subtypes. In neuronal precursors both are expressed at comparable levels, whereas in mature neurons arrestin-2 is present at 10-20 fold higher levels than arrestin-3.
Mechanism
Arrestins block GPCR coupling to G proteins in two ways. First, arrestin binding to the cytoplasmic face of the receptor occludes the binding site for heterotrimeric G-protein, preventing its activation (desensitization). Second, arrestin links the receptor to elements of the internalization machinery, clathrin and clathrin adaptor AP2, which promotes receptor internalization via coated pits and subsequent transport to internal compartments, called endosomes. Subsequently, the receptor could be either directed to degradation compartments (lysosomes) or recycled back to the plasma membrane where it can again signal. The strength of arrestin-receptor interaction plays a role in this choice: tighter complexes tend to increase the probability of receptor degradation (Class B), whereas more transient complexes favor recycling (Class A), although this “rule” is far from absolute. More recently direct interactions between Gi/o family G proteins and Arrestin were discovered downstream of multiple receptors, regardless of canonical G protein coupling. These recent findings introduce a GPCR signaling mechanism distinct from canonical G protein activation and β-arrestin desensitization in which GPCRs cause the formation of Gαi:β-arrestin signaling complexes.
Structure
Arrestins are elongated molecules, in which several intra-molecular interactions hold the relative orientation of the two domains. Unstimulated cell arrestins are localized in the cytoplasm in a basal “inactive” conformation. Active phosphorylated GPCRs recruit arrestin to the plasma membrane. Receptor binding induces a global conformational change that involves the movement of the two arrestin domains and the release of its C-terminal tail that contains clathrin and AP2 binding sites. Increased accessibility of these sites in receptor-bound arrestin targets the arrestin-receptor complex to the coated pit. Arrestins also bind microtubules (part of the cellular “skeleton”), where they assume yet another conformation, different from both free and receptor-bound form. Microtubule-bound arrestins recruit certain proteins to the cytoskeleton, which affects their activity and/or redirects it to microtubule-associated proteins.
Arrestins shuttle between cell nucleus and cytoplasm. Their nuclear functions are not fully understood, but it was shown that all four mammalian arrestin subtypes remove some of their partners, such as protein kinase JNK3 or the ubiquitin ligase Mdm2, from the nucleus. Arrestins also modify gene expression by enhancing transcription of certain genes.
References
External links
Peripheral membrane proteins | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrestin |
Everything and More is the first album by Christian rock band StorySide:B.
Track listing
"Everything And More"
"It's Not Over"
"Miracle"
"More to This Life"
"Hold Me Down"
"You're Not Alone"
"Breathe"
"Send Me a Sign"
"Dance to Me"
"In Your Eyes"
"Off the Ground"
References
External links
StorySide:B
Gotee Records
Gotee Records albums
StorySide:B albums
2005 debut albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything%20and%20More%20%28StorySide%3AB%20album%29 |
Kenny Roby is a singer-songwriter based in North Carolina. He was the former lead singer of 6 String Drag, which he formed with an old friend, bassist Rob Keller, in the early 1990s, becoming a part of the era's so-called Americana movement. The band's style ranged from old-style country with a hint of soul and gospel to rock. While 6 String Drag broke up in the late 1990s, Roby continues to make records and play live shows with the Mercy Filter, which includes Scott McCall of $2 Pistols. In 2013, Roby released the album Memories & Birds, which he described as "almost a concept album". In 2015, Roby reunited with the original members of 6 String Drag and released Roots Rock 'N' Roll, which Roby describes with "[the songs] kind of lent themselves to a 50’s and 60’s style." Roby's latest album is The Reservoir, released in 2020. The website Americana UK called the album "A sparse, personal narrative built on pain, loss, and the hardships of life."
Discography
With 6 String Drag
6 String Drag (1996)
High Hat (1997)
The JAG Sessions - Rare & Unreleased 1996-1998 (2014)
Roots Rock 'N' Roll (2015)
Top of the World (2018)
Solo
Mercury's Blues (1999)
Black River Sides (with Neal Casal, 1999)
Rather Not Know (2002)
The Mercy Filter (2006)
Memories & Birds (2013)
The Reservoir (2020)
”Kenny Roby” (2022)
References
External links
Official website
Living people
American alternative country singers
American male singer-songwriters
American country singer-songwriters
Singer-songwriters from North Carolina
Country musicians from North Carolina
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny%20Roby |
Jacob Weimer, nicknamed "Tornado Jake" (November 29, 1873 – June 19, 1928), was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a left-handed pitcher for the Chicago Cubs (1903–1905), Cincinnati Reds (1906–1908) and New York Giants (1909). He batted right-handed and threw left-handed.
Weimer was born in Ottumwa, Iowa. He toiled for eight years in the minor leagues, before becoming one of the top left-handers in baseball.
In a seven-season career, Weimer posted a 97–69 record with 657 strikeouts and a 2.23 ERA in innings pitched. His career ERA ranks 14th all-time, 10th among post-1900 pitchers.
He was also a good hitting pitcher in the majors, posting a .213 batting average (115-for-540) with 46 runs, one home run and 36 RBI.
Weimer emerged as one of the Chicago Cubs' top starting pitchers in the first part of the 20th century. He went 21–9 with a 2.30 ERA in his 1903 rookie season and 20–14 with 1.91 in his sophomore year. After going 18–12 with 2.26 in 1905, he was sent to the Cincinnati Reds for third baseman Harry Steinfeldt and Jimmy Sebring before 1906. In a trade that benefited both teams, Steinfeld hit .327 to lead the Cubs to their first World Series and Weimer won 20 games for Cincinnati, but eventually faded and was sent to the New York Giants after two subpar seasons. He played his final game with the Giants in 1909.
Weimer died in Chicago, at the age of 54.
References
External links
Baseball Almanac
Chicago Cubs players
Cincinnati Reds players
New York Giants (NL) players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from Iowa
1873 births
1928 deaths
Burlington (minor league baseball) players
Burlington Colts players
Indianapolis Hoosiers (minor league) players
Ottumwa Giants players
Des Moines Hawkeyes players
People from Ottumwa, Iowa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake%20Weimer |
Saint Peter's Church, Ennisnag ( and meaning "the Island or Islet of the Crane or Heron") is a church of the United Dioceses of Cashel and Ossory and the ecclesiastical province of the United Provinces of Dublin and Cashel in the (Anglican) Church of Ireland. The church lies beside the Kings River, one mile north of Stoneyford village in County Kilkenny, Ireland. Located in the townland of Ennisnag, in the barony of Shillelogher.
The 19th century church was constructed on an old medieval monastery and church no longer extant. Probably the most distinguished rector and resident of Ennisnag was the famous Irish antiquarian, James Graves, who died in 1886. In the graveyard, Catholic burials to the rear and the Church of Ireland burials to the front. Among those buried there is Hubert Butler, the Anglo-Irish essayist.
History
The Monastery of Ennisnag was an early Irish Christian monastery, and later a medieval prebendal church, located at Ennisnag, in County Kilkenny, Ireland. Little is known about the monastic community here. Canon William Carrigan suggested "an ancient Church stood on the site from time immemorial to after the Cromwellian era". John O'Hanlon reported that Diocese of Ossory ecclesiastical records names Saint Manchan as patron saint writing "at Inisnag, diocese of Ossory, St. Manchan, whose feast occurs on the 14th of February, was venerated as a patron (Statuta Dioecesis Ossoriensis)". So it was probably founded by Manchán of Mohill in the 5th or 6th century. The monastery of Inis-Snaig was probably small in scale. The church of Inisnag was recorded as prebendal of Ossory diocese, in the Taxatio Ecclesiastica of AD 1291–1292, and was granted on "the authority of Pope Nicholas IV, 1291 [liber ruber Ossoriensis]". The medieval church fell into ruins after the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and upheavals of 17th century Ireland. The medieval monastery and church are no longer extant. From the ruins, St Peter's church, of Protestant denomination, was established in the early 19th century.
Architecture
Saint Peter's Church is a protected structure. The Board of First Fruits Church of Ireland built the church 1815 under the architect William Robertson. The church contains a detached three-bay double-height over part-basement single-cell.
See also
Religion in Ireland
Protestantism in Ireland
References
Notes
Sources
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External links
Churches in County Kilkenny
Church of Ireland church buildings in the Republic of Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Peter%27s%20Church%2C%20Ennisnag%2C%20Kilkenny |
NHL Open Ice: 2 on 2 Challenge, or just NHL Open Ice, is an ice hockey arcade game released by Midway Games in 1995. It features comically exaggerated hockey play, causing it to often be described as an ice hockey equivalent to Midway's NBA Jam.
NHL Open Ice was ported to the PlayStation in 1996, with the home version featuring updated rosters and teams, the Winnipeg Jets having moved and become the Phoenix Coyotes. The game was also released on PC (Windows) in 1996-1997 featuring the same roster and teams as the PlayStation version. The game is an official licensed product of the NHLPA (National Hockey League Players Association).
Development
Jack Haeger was lead game designer and an avid hockey player. The lead programmer was Mark Penacho, assisted by Bill Dabelstein. Sound design and music by Jon Hey. The skating sounds were recorded by Jon Hey at the Chicago Park District's only indoor ice rink, McFetridge Sports Center, which is just a block North of what was once Midway's Chicago studios. The announcer in the game is the famous voice of the Chicago Blackhawks Pat Foley. If a team achieves "On-Fire" status (made famous initially by Midway's NBA Jam), Pat Foley's voice will occasionally announce: "Toasty", a reference to Mortal Kombat. A version of NHL Open Ice for Panasonic M2 was in development and slated to be one of the launch titles but it never occurred due to the system's cancellation.
Reception
Reviewing the arcade version, Next Generation called the game "NBA Jam on ice", and said it would be particularly appreciated since arcade hockey games were almost unheard of at the time. They applauded the game's full NHL licensing and player rosters, flaming pucks, two-on-two mode, commentary, and overall depth and playability of its hockey action, and concluded that "Williams rarely makes a bad move, and Open Ice is testament to its conservative but consistent quality games." Bruised Lee of GamePro similarly said the game "proves that Midway will continue to dominate the arcade sports market long after the success of NBA Jam." He praised the numerous Easter eggs, sharp graphics, fluid animation, and variety of moves. Brad Cook of AllGame called the same game "a must play for any hockey fan."
In 1996 the arcade version was placed on display in the Hockey Hall of Fame.
The PlayStation and PC versions divided reviewers. Jeff Kitts of GameSpot, The Rookie of GamePro, and Dean Hager of Electronic Gaming Monthly all agreed that it offered fun and fast NBA Jam-style hockey and was a faithful translation of the arcade version. Kitts acknowledged problems with the animations but praised the inclusion of novelty power-up codes, and judged the game an overall refreshing break from realistic hockey sims. The Rookie went so far as to say that it "shoots and scores at every level." In contrast, Hager's co-reviewer Kraig Kujawa said it "doesn't seem to capture the magic that made [NBA Jam] so popular", and that it compares poorly to its similar contemporary, Wayne Gretzky's 3D Hockey for the Nintendo 64. Next Generation agreed that it simply lacked the spark of NBA Jam, and also "fails to capture the coin-op's flashy essence", citing smaller characters, missing frames of animation, a weaker color palette, and missing audio effects compared to the arcade version. Official UK PlayStation Magazine said that players should "avoid the game at all costs."
Stephen Poole of GameSpot said of the PC version, "NHL Open Ice isn't the kind of game you'll play for hours on end, but it is the kind that you can fire up just about any time for 20 or 30 minutes of fun, or leave running at your next party for your guests to enjoy. Except for the graphics in the full-screen mode, they'll think they're at the arcade - and with a game like this, you can't ask any more than that."
See also
Hit the Ice
NHL Hitz (disambiguation)
Notes
References
External links
2 On 2 Open Ice Challenge at AllGame
1995 video games
Arcade video games
Avalanche Software games
Cancelled Panasonic M2 games
Windows games
PlayStation (console) games
Midway video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
National Hockey League video games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games scored by Jonathan Hey
Video games set in 1995
Video games set in 1996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHL%20Open%20Ice |
Carol Jacobanis is an American voice actress. She is mostly known her voice roles in the English dubs for Japanese anime. Her work has been for New York–based recording studios such as Headline Studios, Central Park Media, TAJ Productions, 4Kids Entertainment, NYAV Post and DuArt Film and Video. She has also appeared in live-action television and film projects.
In the mid to late 1990s she was the lead singer in the New York based musical group Primrose Hill, and made several guest appearances at the Loser's Lounge concert series.
Filmography
Voice roles
Anime
Animation Runner Kuromi 2 – Hanako Shihonmatsu
Aria The Animation – Akira E. Ferrari
Boogiepop Phantom – Kanae Oikawa, Makiko Kisugi
Comic Party – Aya Hasabe, Yuka
Gall Force – Journey (OVAs 2-3)
Gall Force: New Era – Marble
Genshiken – Saki Kasukabe
Gokusen – Yasue
Gravitation – Karouko
Harlock Saga – Elda
His and Her Circumstances – Maho Izawa
IkkiTousen: Dragon Destiny – Unchou Kan'u (credited as Janet Baywood)
Irresponsible Captain Tylor – P.O. Harumi Nakagawa, Betty
Kujibiki Unbalance – Saki Kasukabe
Labyrinth of Flames – Shinka
Magical DoReMi – Queen Lumina
Magical Witch Punie-chan – Anego
Mew Mew Power – Chrys (Ep. 14)
Munto – Laika
Ping Pong Club – Junko, Sister, Sugawara, Yuki (credited as Summer Pepper)
Pokémon – Arielle, Ellen, Pietra, Trinity, Additional voices
Pokémon Chronicles – Lola
Revolutionary Girl Utena – Aiko Wakiya, Shadow Girl C, Mari Hozumi (credited as Summer Pepper)
Shingu: Secret of the Stellar Wars – Hiromi Isozaki
Shootfighter Tekken – Kiba's Mother
The Third: The Girl with the Blue Eye – Paife
To Heart – Serika Kurusugawa
The World of Narue – Bathyscape
Non-anime
The Boy Who Wanted To Be A Bear – Mother Bear
Winx Club (4kids Ed.) – Headmistress Griffin
Live-action dubbing
Beautiful Target – Kyoko (credited as Jackie Howard)
Exte: Hair Extensions – Salon Owner
Legend of the Devil
Zero Woman: The Hunted – Rei
Video games
Airforce Delta Strike – Francine. Celestial
Winx Club video game – Headmistress Griffin
Film
Judith – Judith (2003)
Europe for President – Hannah Jefferson (2008)
Loser – Therapist (2009)
The Closed Door – Clair (2010)
Dot – Mrs. Biltmore (2010)
Mary and Louise – Elegant Actress (2014)
Bridge of Faith – Miss Linsey (2014)
Upside Down – Liz (2014)
Television
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit – Jane Siddons (2009)
A Crime to Remember – Peggy Fletcher (2014)
References
External links
Official Website
Carol Jacobanis at the English Voice Actor & Production Staff Database
Living people
American voice actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol%20Jacobanis |
Pensole Lewis College of Business and Design is a private, historically black college in Detroit, Michigan. It was also the first and only historically black college in Michigan. Founded in 1928 as the Lewis College of Business by Violet T. Lewis, it specialized in business-related topics.
The school originally closed in 2015 after losing its accreditation. However, the school became the first HBCU to reopen, rebranding as Pensole Lewis College of Business and Design in 2021 through the efforts of D'Wayne Edwards, founder of the Pensole Footwear Design Academy, with an emphasis on design in addition to business. The school is operating in a partnership with the College for Creative Studies while it works to obtain a new accreditation, campus, and legal & legislative approval to reopen.
The school was the founding location of Gamma Phi Delta sorority, Eta Phi Beta sorority, and Tau Gamma Delta sorority.
References
External links
Official website (archived in 2011)
Universities and colleges in Detroit
Business schools in Michigan
Midtown Detroit
Universities and colleges established in 1928
1928 establishments in Michigan
2013 disestablishments in Michigan
2021 establishments in Michigan
Unaccredited institutions of higher learning in the United States
Educational institutions disestablished in 2013
Historically black universities and colleges in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pensole%20Lewis%20College%20of%20Business%20and%20Design |
Funkdafied is the debut album by American rapper Da Brat. It was released on June 28, 1994, and sold over one million copies, making her the first solo female rapper to go Platinum. Funkdafied debuted and peaked at number 11 on the Billboard 200, and topped the Rap Charts and Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. The album was preceded by the first single, "Funkdafied", released on May 13, 1994. The single went Platinum in August and then the album went Platinum in January 1995.
Track listing
"Da Sh*t Ya Can't Fuc Wit" – 2:23
"Fa All Y'all" (featuring Kandi) – 3:19
"Fire It Up" – 3:30
"Funkdafied" (featuring Jermaine Dupri) – 3:05
"May Da Funk Be With Ya" (featuring LaTocha Scott) – 4:13
"Ain't No Thang" (featuring Y-Tee) – 3:54
"Come & Get Some" (featuring Mac Daddy of Kris Kross) – 3:12
"Mind Blowin'" – 4:31
"Give It 2 You" – 3:13
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
See also
List of number-one R&B albums of 1994 (U.S.)
Da Brat albums
1994 debut albums
Albums produced by Jermaine Dupri
So So Def Recordings albums
G-funk albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funkdafied |
Anuthatantrum is the second studio album by Da Brat. It was released in 1996 and went Gold in 1997. A single culled from the album was "Ghetto Love", which featured TLC member Tionne Watkins. The album peaked at number 20 on the Billboard 200.
Critical reception
AllMusic writer Steve Huey called it "a slight improvement" over her debut record Funkdafied, praising Dupri's beats for going into an "early-'80s urban funk direction" and Da Brat's lyricism being bereft of any "old-school quotes and obvious Snoop Dogg bites" and having more of a focused identity, concluding that, "[I]t's another brief album, but Anuthatantrum does show Da Brat making subtle progress, and Dupri's production is inviting once again." J. D. Considine, writing for Entertainment Weekly, gave credit to the "funky foundation of [Jermaine] Dupri's tuneful, efficient backing tracks" for making Da Brat's "bluster than menace" gangster boasts come across as more tolerable. Martin Johnson of the Chicago Tribune wrote that: "On her debut recording, her flow worked solely with basic George Clinton samples, but on the follow-up she rhymes in a variety of styles and her vocabulary has improved. Sadly, these skills are wasted on narrow and cliched subject matter, such as people who don't like her and people who don't respect her."
Track listing
Notes
signifies a co-producer
"Sittin' on Top of the World" features additional vocals from Manuel Seal
Just a Little Bit More" features background vocals from Trey Lorenz
"Keepin' it Live" features background vocals from Manuel Seal
Sample credits
"Anuthatantrum" contains a sample of "The Soul Cages" by Sting
"Sittin' on Top of the World" contains a sample of "Mary Jane" by Rick James
"Let's All Get High" contains a sample of "Be Alright" written by Roger Troutman, performed by Zapp
"Just a Little Bit More" contains a sample of "Déjà Vu" written by Isaac Hayes and Adrienne Anderson, performed by Dionne Warwick
"Ghetto Love" contains samples of "All This Love" by DeBarge and "Public Enemy No. 1" by Public Enemy
"Lyrical Molestation" contains samples of "Roots" by Ian Carr and "Who Shot Ya?" by The Notorious B.I.G.
"Live It Up" contains a sample of "Put It in Your Mouth" by Akinyele
"Make It Happen" contains a sample of "Crab Apple Jam" by David Snell
AnuthaFunkdafiedTantrum
Disc 1
"Fa All Y'All"
"Funkdafied"
"Mind Blowin'"
"Give it 2 You Remix"
"Da B Side"
Disc 2
"Sittin' on Top of the World"
"Let's Get High"
"Just a Lil' Bit More"
"Ghetto Love" (feat. T-Boz)
"Make it Happen"
Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Anuthatantrum.
LaMarquis Jefferson – bass
Carl-So-Lowe – keyboards
Phil Tan – engineer, mixing
John Frye – assistant engineer
Brian Frye – assistant engineer
Bernie Grundman – mastering
Erwin Gorostiza – art direction and design
Silvia Otte – photography
Byron Gillison – Anuthatantrum logotype design
Charts
Certifications
References
1996 albums
Da Brat albums
So So Def Recordings albums
Albums produced by Jermaine Dupri | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anuthatantrum |
Eustochius (also Eustachius) was the fifth bishop of Tours from 443 to 461. He was succeeded by his close relative, Saint Perpetuus. His extremely rare name suggests a possible connection to Saint Eustochium. T. S. M. Mommaerts and D. H. Kelley make the point that his father was Eustochium's brother, Julius Toxotius the Younger, and that his maternal grandfather was Publius Ceionius Caecina Albinus, of the Ceionii Volusiani.
Eustochius was descended from an illustrious family of Auvergne, and, according to Gregory of Tours, was a man of eminent virtue. In 444 he succeeded Brice as Bishop of Tours. He participated in the Council of Angers in 453, and had a principal share in drawing up the regulations made in that council concerning discipline. He died in 461, and was buried in the church built by Saint Brice over the tomb of Saint Martin.
References
Sources
T. S. M. Mommaerts and D. H. Kelley, The Anicii of Gaul and Rome, in Fifth-century Gaul: a Crisis of Identity?, ed. by John Drinkwater and Hugh Elton, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge & New York, 1992), 120–121.
5th-century deaths
5th-century bishops in Gaul
Bishops of Tours
5th-century Christian saints
Gallo-Roman saints
Year of birth unknown | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eustochius |
The Grapplers is a fictional organization appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is a loosely organized group of female wrestlers, most of whom gained superhuman strength through the group known as Power Broker, Inc. The group's first appearance was in Marvel Two-in-One #54, created by Mark Gruenwald, Ralph Macchio and John Byrne. The group's membership was later expanded in Thing #33 written by Mark Gruenwald.
The original line up consisted of criminals Titania, Letha, Poundcakes, and Screaming Mimi, organized by Auntie Freeze. The original Grapplers closely resemble members of the DC Comics' group the Female Furies. Screaming Mimi would later become a superhero under the name "Songbird", while Titania was later renamed "Lascivious".
Publication history
The Grapplers first appeared in Marvel Two-in-One #54-56 (August–October 1979), and were created by writers Mark Gruenwald, Ralph Macchio, and artist John Byrne. Joe Sinnott was the inker of their first appearance, John Costanza was the letterer and Bob Share was the colorist. The Grapplers were later brought back as part of the Unlimited Class Wrestling Federation storyline in the Thing comic book series, with new members introduced in The Thing #33, with new members of the team being created by the writer Mike Carlin and artist Ron Wilson.
Auntie Freeze, Butterball, Capiole, Cowgirl, Magilla, Sushi, and Vavavoom have not appeared in the Marvel Universe since Thing #33, except in flashback form.
The Grapplers received an entry in the appendix of the first volume of the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe, and a full team entry in volume two including Titania, Poundcakes, Screaming Mimi, Letha, Auntie Freeze, Battleaxe, Sushi, Butterball, Vavavoom, Magilla, Cowgirl, and Gladiatrix. The team also had an entry in issue 5 of the Gamer's Handbook of the Marvel Universe covering the original five members as well as Battleaxe. The team was also covered in the Marvel Encyclopedia Vol 1 "Fantastic Four".
The team has never been featured in their own comic, neither as a group nor as individuals.
Fictional history
Titania, Letha, Poundcakes, and Screaming Mimi, the original four Grapplers, were drafted by the Roxxon Oil Company to invade Project: Pegasus, along with the warrior Thundra. They were given designed costumes and specialized weaponry to heighten their formidable prowess at physical combat. However, Quasar and Giant-Man defeated the quartet and gave them over to authorities.
The group later attacked Dazzler while they were all incarcerated at Ryker's Island in attempt to get vengeance after Klaw's seeming death at her hands. After getting beaten to near death, Dazzler was able to defeat the Grapplers with a light blast.
The Grapplers then escaped prison and planned to attack the Thing with several other super-villains, though the Avengers, the X-Men, the Fantastic Four, and various other super-heroes foiled their plans. Afterward, the Grapplers decided to halt their illegal activities and become legitimate wrestlers. They soon branched out, and several new members joined their ranks. Soon after, Titania was slain by the Scourge of the Underworld. Investigating her death, Letha also soon met her demise at the Scourge's hands. Screaming Mimi later joined the Thunderbolts, while Poundcakes became a freelance mercenary.
Letha and Titania were resurrected years later by the Hood, alongside several other victims of the Scourge. The Hood also gifted the pair with new powers: Letha with the ability to inspire irrational rage telepathically and Titania with the ability to inspire irrational lust. Titania took the codename Lascivious to better represent her new power set.
The Grapplers then resurfaced, consisting of Letha, Lascivious, Poundcakes, and a new Screaming Mimi. Together, they battled their old teammate Songbird, but were defeated and arrested with the exception of the new Screaming Mimi who was a teenage runaway forced to work with them.
The Grapplers escaped imprisonment, and in subsequent appearances often appeared individually or in pairs. Poundcakes was seen breaking out of the Raft alongside Moonstone and several other female criminals. Letha and Lascivious were recruited into the Masters of Evil and spent time in Bagalia. Letha and Poundcakes were later seen with the second Titania, Mary MacPherran at a bar.
Artificial constructs of Grapplers members Poundcakes, Battleaxe, and Gladiatrix were used by Yon-Rogg to battle Captain Marvel, though they were quickly defeated. Similarly, Arcade used constructs of the original Grapplers to battle Dazzler.
As part of the All-New, All-Different Marvel, Letha and Poundcakes appeared as hired extortionists. They battled Nadia Pym, the new Wasp, along with her allies. The Grapplers' defeat led to their imprisonment, though Nadia and Janet Van Dyne later hired them as bodyguards for their new "G.I.R.L." (Genius In action Research Labs) initiative.
Membership
The original Grapplers, (Titania, Letha, Screaming Mimi, and Poundcakes) and the later retconned leader Auntie Freeze, bear a superficial resemblance to the Female Furies, from Jack Kirby's New Gods (first seen in 1972) as well as mirroring their superpowers.
Titania / Lascivious
Titania (Davida DeVito) was the field leader of the original Grapplers. She wielded an energy rod which enabled her to blast long-range bursts. When the Grapplers were imprisoned, Titania became the leader of the women's wing. While she was crafty, she was also a very sore loser, and the other Grapplers were worried about their reputation after Titania's defeat at the hands of Battleaxe. After the Grapplers attempted to go legitimate as professional wrestlers, Titania was killed by the Scourge of the Underworld posing as a new recruit, Golddigger. She is not to be confused with the more recent Titania, who took her name around the time of her death. Titania, along with her former teammate Letha, was revived by The Hood during "Dark Reign". The Hood bestowed new powers to DeVito, allowing her to incite uncontrollable lust in those around her. She adopted the new codename Lascivious.
Letha
Letha (Hellen Feliciano) is a blonde bombshell who specialized in acrobatic wrestling. She also used specialized leather belts and straps, though she most often battles in hand-to-hand combat. While the other Grapplers were notable for their strong, feminist personalities, Letha instead had a very feminine personality, often flirting with the enemies or showing concern over fashion. After Titania was slain by the Scourge of the Underworld, Letha joined Firebrand and several other super-villains as they plotted a way to stop the vigilante. However, Letha and the others were soon shot to death by the Scourge themselves. Letha, along with Titania (now called Lascivious), was revived by The Hood during "Dark Reign". Similar to Lascivious, Letha gained new abilities that enabled her to drive those around her into a murderous rage.
Poundcakes
Poundcakes (Marian Pouncy) is an ex-convict who joined the Grapplers despite her record. She was equipped with seismic boots by Roxxon, which enabled her to create shock waves and tremors by stomping the ground. Slightly overweight, Poundcakes was the strongest member of the Grapplers. After Titania and Letha had been killed by the Scourge of the Underworld, Poundcakes became a freelance mercenary. She battled Captain America several times and eventually joined the Femizons, though her stay with Superia was short-lived. She returned to mercenary work and rejoined the Grapplers when Titania (now called Lascivious) and Letha were resurrected by the Hood.
Screaming Mimi
Screaming Mimi (Mimi Schwartz/Melissa Gold) met Poundcakes in prison and soon after, was invited to join the Grapplers. Roxxon operated on Screaming Mimi's vocal cords, giving her the ability to drive a person to insanity with her screams. The only Grappler who is not capable of superhuman strength, Screaming Mimi proved useful on several missions. Soon after Titania and Letha were killed, Screaming Mimi joined the Masters of Evil, and eventually turned over a new leaf, calling herself Songbird and joining the Thunderbolts.
Auntie Freeze
Auntie Freeze (Ann Fraley) used to be a professional wrestler and was the founder of the Grapplers. Each of the four original Grapplers were protégés of Auntie Freeze, and despite her promotion, the Grapplers were unable to gain popularity. She was then contacted by Roxxon, who fitted the four girls to become mercenaries. She later came up with the idea to merge with the Unlimited Class Wrestling Federation (UCWF) and have the girls become legitimate wrestlers to put their past behind them, though the original four did not stick with the idea.
Later recruits
Battleaxe
Battleaxe (Anita Ehren) is a wrestler who uses a pair of axes as her weapon of choice in addition to her superhuman strength, listed as being in the 50-75 ton range. Among the new recruits, Battleaxe was the only one to succeed in defeating an original member of the Grapplers, Titania. After Titania's murder, Battleaxe blamed the Thing and later battled him in the ring herself. She defeated him but discovered he allowed her to win and she declared the battle void. Later, she joined the Femizons and battled Captain America, as well as the BAD Girls, Inc. Most recently, she was seen battling Ms. Marvel, though she was quickly defeated.
Butterball
Butterball (Vivian Dolan) is an overweight wrestler who uses her massive body as a weapon, often by throwing herself at an enemy. She joined the second version of the Grapplers that worked for the Unlimited Class Wrestling Federation.
Capriole
Capriole (real name not revealed) is one of the women who joined the Grapplers in the Unlimited Class Wrestling Federation. Presumably she has the same augmented strength as the other Grapplers that underwent the Power Broker's augmentation process, but it was not depicted. She was only part of the group in their initial UCWF appearance.
Cowgirl
Cowgirl (Deb Lowry) is a cowboy-themed wrestler with the same augmented strength of the other Grappers who underwent the augmentation process by the Power Broker. While she wears a gun holster and a gun, it is not clear if it is just a prop or not as she has not been depicted as using it.
Gladiatrix
Gladiatrix (Robbin Braxton) is a professional wrestler. Unlike the other new recruits, Gladiatrix chose to use her massive strength for the good of mankind, though she did serve briefly as an agent of Superia's Femizons. She participated in the Civil War and was commended for her duties as a super-hero. At one point, she tried to join the Avengers, but was inevitably rejected.
Magilla
Magilla (Sandy Stalmaster) is a wrestler from the UCWF who was given superhuman abilities by the Power Broker and took the name Magilla, as her whole body was covered in hair. Magilla only appeared as part of the initial UCWF storyline, but was not shown as being part of the Grapplers in later appearances.
Sushi
Sushi (Susan Hayakawa) is a Japanese wrestler who uses karate as her fighting style in addition to her augmented strength. Sushi only appeared as part of the initial UCWF storyline, but was not shown as being part of the Grapplers in later appearances.
Vavavoom
Vavavoom (Dawn Middlebury) is a wrestler known for her beauty. She possess the same enhanced strength as the rest of the UCWF based Grapplers. While the other Grapplers are known for their muscles, Vavavoom is quite petite and the most conventionally attractive of the group. Vavavoom only appeared as part of the initial UCWF storyline, but was not shown as being part of the Grapplers in later appearances.
In other media
Poundcakes appears in the animated television series M.O.D.O.K., voiced by Whoopi Goldberg. This version is a mutant who hangs out at the Bar with No Name. She is also illiterate and won numerous trophies in high school, only to be stripped of them after her mutant status was revealed.
Poundcakes appears in the video game Lego Marvel's Avengers as part of the "Classic Captain Marvel" DLC pack.
References
External links
Grapplers at MarvelDirectory.com
A blog on the Grapplers
A blog on the Grapplers' attack on Dazzler
Characters created by John Byrne (comics)
Characters created by Mark Gruenwald
Characters created by Ralph Macchio
Comics characters introduced in 1979
Marvel Comics female supervillains
Marvel Comics martial artists
Marvel Comics supervillain teams | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapplers%20%28comics%29 |
Continental Can Company (CCC) was an American producer of metal containers and packaging company, that was based in Stamford, Connecticut.
The Continental Can Company was founded by Edwin Norton T.G. Cranwell in 1904, three years after the formation of its greatest rival, American Can Company. Continental acquired the patents of United Machinery Company, one of the few companies producing can-making machinery that had not been bought by American Can. CCC began shipping product in 1905.
During World War II, Continental Can Company helped the war effort by building aircraft parts and bombs in their manufacturing plants. The United Steelworkers of America was the union representing hundreds of manufacturing workers at Continental Can Company.
In 1956, CCC acquired the Hazel-Atlas Glass Company, the third largest producer of glass containers, which led to the United States v. Continental Can Co. Supreme Court ruling in 1964.
History
The company bought the Standard Tin Plate Company in 1909 to ensure that they would have a steady supply of tin. Continental's original business consisted only of packers' cans for fruits and vegetables. Given the seasonal nature of this work, the company expanded into general canning in 1912. By 1913 the company had acquired all of the interests of a New Jersey corporation also called Continental Can Co., as well as the Export & Domestic Can Co. and the Standard Tin Plate Co. The same year, Continental was incorporated in the state of New York.
During the 1920s Continental expanded rapidly, purchasing almost 20 competing companies. It opened its first West Coast plant in 1926. In 1928 Continental acquired the third-largest can company in the country, the United States Can Company. By 1934 Continental and its rival, American Can, were producing approximately two-thirds of the 10 million cans made annually in the US. At this time, the company was operating 38 plants in the US and Cuba. Continental suffered a drop in its income during the Depression, although by 1932 the company had never reported a money-losing year.
By the mid-1930s, with 38 plants nationwide, the company employed about 1,800 men and 1,200 women around the Chicago area.
Continental recovered from the Depression years, and by 1940 its operating revenue had increased to $120.7 million from $80.9 million in 1935. In 1940 the company built plants in Canada. Continental expanded during the following decade through acquisitions, and the company entered the fields of paper and fiber containers, bottle caps, and synthetic resins. By the end of the 1940s, the company had 65 plants, including eight plants producing fiber and paper containers, four plants producing crown caps, and one plant producing plastics. By 1954 the company's gross sales reached $616 million, and its net income was approximately $21 million. At that time, Continental was operating 81 plants.
During the company's first 50 years, it had purchased and absorbed 28 independent can companies, as well as other concerns producing fiber drums, paper containers, and bottle tops. In 1956 Continental acquired Hazel-Atlas Glass Co., the third-largest US manufacturer of glass containers. Continental then became the first company with a full line of containers in metal, paper, and glass. It also purchased Cochrane Foil Company, a manufacturer and distributor of aluminum plates and rigid foil packages for the frozen-food industry and other food suppliers. The company also bought Robert Gair Company, a leading producer of paperboard products. Due to such acquisitions, Continental briefly surpassed American Can's annual sales, topping $1 billion in 1957. By 1960 the company operated 155 plant facilities.
The introduction of the easy-to-open metal can top in 1963 led to an increase in the use of metal cans rather than glass bottles for beverages. By the end of 1966 over 45% of US beer and over 15% of US soft drinks were packaged in metal cans. That same year Continental introduced the first commercially-practical welded can. In 1969 the company acquired Schmalbach-Lubeca-Werke A.G., the largest packaging producer in the European community. By that time, Continental had 228 manufacturing plants.
By 1973 the metal can industry was in a crisis due to oversupply and tough competition. Both Continental and American Can were said to have made the wrong decisions in the previous decade by adding capacity for both tin plate and tin-free steel production while the aluminum can was gaining popularity. Another problem was growing public opposition to disposable cans. Continental's profits from domestic can making dropped from $115 million in 1969 to $52 million in 1973. The company closed many old-style integrated manufacturing plants in favor of large automated metal-processing centers and separate can-assembly operations situated near its customers' plants. In 1973 the company developed a system for the ultraviolet curing of inks and coatings on metal plate, and installed a number of such systems.
Continental Group
In 1976, CCC changed its name to the Continental Group, a conglomerate with operations in many countries, but kept "Continental Can" as its packaging unit within Continental Group. In 1987, the remnants of Continental Can became part of the United States Can Company (a subsidiary of Inter-American Packaging) and two of its executives left to form Silgan Holdings. Continental Group was dismantled in 1991. In early 1991, Continental Can Company was ordered to pay $415 million to some 3,700 former employees and members of the United Steel Workers of America, when the courts found that the company had attempted to defraud the employees of pensions during the late 1970s. The rights to the name "Continental Can Company" name and logo were sold in 1991 and renamed to the Viatech Continental Can Company, Inc. in October 1992. In June 1998 Suiza Foods Corporation completed its acquisition of Continental Can. In July 1999, Suiza sold all of Continental Can's US packaging operations in partial exchange for a minority interest in the purchaser, Consolidated Container Company. As of 2000, the only remaining business of Continental Can is Dixie Union, a small flexible film business based in Kempten, Germany.
Deals
Deals included:
1945 Continental Can Company, Inc.: 150,000 shares of $3.75 cumulative preferred stock
1951 Continental Can Company, Inc.: 104,533 shares $4.25 cumulative second preferred stock (without par value) $15,000,000 3¼% debentures due October 15, 1976
1960 Continental Can Company, Inc.: $30,000,000 4⅝% debentures due October 1, 1985
1970 Continental Can Company, Inc.: $60,000,000 principal amount 8½% sinking fund debentures due August 1, 1990
1974 Continental Can Company, Inc.: 8.85% sinking fund debentures due May 15, 2004
Facilities
Stamford, Connecticut (Headquarters)
Chicago, Illinois
Itasca, Illinois
Coffeyville, Kansas
Roanoke, Virginia
Dayton, OH
St. Louis, MO
Syracuse, New York
Elkhart, Indiana
Los Angeles, California
Seattle, Washington (cans: Plant 13, machinery: Plant 31)
Portland, Oregon
Omaha, Nebraska
Olympia, Washington
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
North Collins, New York
Baltimore, Maryland
Paterson, NJ
Passaic, NJ (factory on corner of Main Ave. and Brook Ave. along railroad line)
West Mifflin, PA
Houston, TX Fiber Drums
Cleveland, Ohio Purchased Hankins Container Company Late 1950s
Toronto, Ontario Plants 54, 483, 639
Montreal, Quebec Plant 59
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Edmonton, Alberta
Vancouver, British Columbia
Malden, Massachusetts Plant 57 (closed 1984)
Weirton, West Virginia
Tampa, Florida
Chairmen
Lucius D. Clay from 1950 to 1962
Donald J. Bainton from 1989 to 1998
References
Packaging companies of the United States
Manufacturing companies established in 1904
American companies established in 1904
1999 disestablishments in the United States
Companies based in Stamford, Connecticut
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Connecticut | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental%20Can%20Company |
Thomas Edison High School of Technology (often referred to as Thomas Edison or Edison) is a public vocational/technical high school located in Wheaton, an unincorporated section of Montgomery County, Maryland. It is located next to Wheaton High School.
Edison is a member of the Downcounty Consortium. All programs consist of an academic base, industry competency requirements, employability skill development and career/college planning components, as well as opportunities for leadership development. Thomas Edison registers all students who are enrolled in the career and technical student organization, SkillsUSA.
Typically, students spend half of their day at Thomas Edison, and the other half at their home school. Thomas Edison offers two sessions: the morning session from 8:05 AM to 10:35 AM, and the afternoon session from 11:20 AM to 1:50 PM.
Thomas Edison is also the headquarters for the Montgomery County Students Trades Foundations Office.
Programs
Thomas Edison offers nineteen programs for students to choose from. Courses take one, two or three years to complete, depending on the curriculum.
One year programs
Cybersecurity
Foundations of Building Construction Technology (FBCT)
Hospitality and Tourism Management Program (HTMP)
Law Enforcement and Leadership
Medical Careers
Network Operations
Restaurant Management / Culinary Arts
Two year programs
Academy of Health Professions
Automotive Body Repair Technology
Automotive Technology & Dealership Training
Carpentry
Construction Electricity
Graphic design
Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning
Masonry
Plumbing
Principles of Architecture & CAD Technology
Print Technologies & Digital Graphics
Three year programs
Cosmetology
Wheaton-Edison Partnership Programs
Students in Wheaton High School academy's can (if won the lottery) take courses at Edison that are similar to what they are learning in their academy's.
Construction Management & Architecture (Engineering Academy)
Healthcare Professions (Bioscience Academy)
Hospitality and Tourism Management (Global Studies Academy)
Information Technology and Cybersecurity (Academy of Information Technology)
Student body
For the 2021–2022 school year, Thomas Edison has a total of 558 enrolled students, 62.2% male and 37.8% female. The student body is 52.9% Hispanic, 22.4% African American, 17.0% White, 5.4% Asian, and 5.0% or less in each of the following: American Indian or Alaskan Native; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; and two or more (multiple) races.
External links
Washington Post reports on the Thomas Edison High School home building program
References
Public high schools in Maryland
Public schools in Montgomery County, Maryland
Educational institutions established in 1954
1954 establishments in Maryland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Edison%20High%20School%20of%20Technology |
The 13th Regional Corporation is one of thirteen Alaska Native Regional Corporations created under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 (ANCSA) in settlement of Indigenous land claims. It was incorporated in Alaska on December 31, 1975. The 13th Regional Corporation is a for-profit corporation presently headquartered in Seattle, Washington, with approximately 5,500 Alaska Native shareholders of Eskimo, American Indian, and Aleut descent. Its original enrollment was of Alaska Natives who were no longer resident in Alaska.
Unlike the other 12 Alaska Native regional corporations, The 13th Regional Corporation and its shareholders received only monetary compensation, with no land conveyance, in settlement of aboriginal land claims.
The 13th Regional Corporation was involuntarily dissolved by the Division of Corporations, Business and Professional Licensing of the Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development on December 31, 2013. This followed the resignation of the corporation's registered agent on May 22, 2013. A website claiming no affiliation with The 13th Regional Corporation or its shareholders is attempting to locate shareholders with the intent of "attempt[ing] to revive The 13th Regional Corporation and restore it to working order."
Creation of the 13th Regional Corporation
Initially only 12 regional corporations were created after ANCSA's passage in 1971. Its creation was dependent upon how many of approximately 78,000 Alaska Native people eligible for enrollment under ANCSA voted "yes" on Section 22 of the official enrollment form, which read, "Do you elect to establish and be enrolled in a 13th Region?" The initial determination of the Bureau of Indian Affairs was that an insufficient number of enrollees voted for creation of a 13th regional corporation, and each of the "yes" voters was instead designated as a shareholder in one of the original 12 regional corporations.
However, a 1975 U.S. District Court ruling by Judge Oliver Gasch overturned the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The 13th Regional Corporation was created under Alaska law as a private for-profit corporation on December 31, 1975.
Officers and directors
A current listing of The 13th Regional Corporation's officers and directors, as well as documents filed with the State of Alaska since The 13th's incorporation, are available online through the Corporations Database of the Division of Corporations, Business & Professional Licensing, Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development.
Shareholders
At incorporation, The 13th Regional Incorporation enrolled 4,537 Alaska Natives, each of whom received 100 shares of corporate stock. The corporation currently has approximately 5,500 shareholders. As an ANCSA corporation, The 13th Regional Corporation has no publicly traded stock and its shares cannot legally be sold, bartered, or traded. With very limited exception, they can only be passed to the descendants of Alaska Natives.
Problems with corporate management
Initially, the corporation was provided $52 million in settlement money, half of which was disbursed to shareholders. The corporation for investment on behalf of its shareholders retained the remainder. However, the corporation's early losses led to charges of mismanagement of corporate assets. According to a 1998 special report by the newspaper Juneau Empire, the 13th Regional Corporation "still can't say exactly what happened to the remaining $27 million of land claims the corporation kept—records are incomplete. Present management [as of 1998] and past management both say mismanagement by administrators or the board of directors was to blame for the 13th's early losses." The Juneau Empire followed with, "Lawyers looked into the corporation's books. They determined that there may have been enough evidence of dubious activity to pursue lawsuits but proceeding with litigation would have cost more than would be recouped, [1998 Chairman Kurt] Engelstad said."
M Kennedy Construction
Kurt Engelstad and former President Norm Ream both figured prominently in the "rebuilding" years of the 1990s to 2004. Ream was instrumental in the 13th's purchase of 51 percent ownership in M Kennedy Construction, Inc. (MKC). MKC had been founded in 1979 as a sole proprietorship company and was incorporated in 1992. With The 13th's purchase of 51 percent ownership, MLK became a majority-owned subsidiary of the 13th, making it a "minority and economically disadvantaged business enterprise[s]" under the Small Business Administration's (SBA) 8(a) program, and giving it a significant advantage in competing for government contracts.
MLK's minority owner, with 49 percent interest, was Michael Kennedy. In 2004, The 13th Regional Corporation bought out Kennedy's shares of MKC for $2.2 million, thus making MKC a wholly owned subsidiary of the 13th. Kennedy went on to form a new corporation in June 2004, Kennedy Services LLC, also focused on construction contracts. However, it was not disclosed to shareholders that Norm Ream, who resigned from The 13th around the same time, was named as part owner and treasurer of the new venture, an apparent conflict of interest given his involvement shortly before as president and director in The 13th's buyout of MLK. Former MLK employee Jimmy Mortensen was named as a third partner. Complicating the matter was the fact that MLK had only two years remaining to its eligibility in the 8(a) program, which would presumably lower its value, throwing into question its valuation at $4.4 million at the time Kennedy was paid $2.2 million to buy out his shares. Shareholders questioned if $4.4 million was an accurate market value, or if improprieties had occurred.
Mail Boxes Etc.
Kurt Engelstad, on the other hand, was instrumental in bringing The 13th Regional Corporation into the world of Mail Boxes Etc., which would later become UPS Stores. He, along with Bent Petersen (from Montana), was managing the building of the northwest franchise base for Mail Boxes, Etc. While at the same time drawing salaries (which were not reported in annual reports to shareholders), the two received increasing ownership interests in the franchiser operations, then known as NW Business Services Group LLC. The Board of Directors during this period, however, authorized loans for hundreds of thousands of dollars to Engelstad and Peterson, to finance their increasing share of ownership of the operations. These loans were not fully disclosed in annual reports to shareholders. In 2004 the two bought out the 13th's last 66% interest in the operations.
The last Audited Financial Statement available to the public (for 2005) reported a net loss of $1,850,166 on net losses of $869,936 on construction contracts, net losses of $185,428 on contract electrical services, and net losses of $794,802 on corporate operations. Revenues for construction and electrical contracting went from $31,835,643 in 2004 to $8,968,568 in 2005. Private quarterly reports detailing continued operations since December 2005 are available to shareholders upon request by calling 206-575-6229 and identifying yourself as a shareholder and requesting the latest quarterly statements.
2004 Audited Financial Statements revealed that in 2004 several checks, most signed by the then CEO (Ken Krajewski) and the office administrative assistant (Suzy Villegas) —and totaling over $2.2 million—left the company over several months in a deal that The 13th's Board of Directors claim that the then-acting CEO Krajewski "had no authority to enter into". Liz Ross, Chairman of the Board, relieved Krajewski of his duties with pay pending an investigation. The board hired Jim Fowler as an attorney and appointed Ross as CEO. Also in 2004, the former CEO (Krajewski) "claimed breach of contract and discrimination upon his termination. The 13th settled with the CEO in January 2005 and the settlement amount has been accrued at December 31, 2004."
Other highlights in the 2004 Audited Financial Statements include: $130,000 moved from trust for missing shareholders into "operating cash accounts in 2004"; Deficit in operations with Dick Pacific, Ltd., joint venture of almost $375,000, and a reduction of venturers' equity of about 20% in a joint venture with Chugach Support Services (related to another ANCSA corporation).
Business enterprises
Under federal law, The 13th Regional Corporation and its majority-owned subsidiaries, joint ventures and partnerships are deemed to be "minority and economically disadvantaged business enterprise[s]" (43 USC 1626(e)).
The 13th's subsidiaries include:
Alindeska Electrical Contractors (AEC). Headquartered in Tukwila, Washington. Wholly owned subsidiary. Union contractor specializing in private and government electrical construction services.
M Kennedy Co., Inc. (MKC). Headquartered in Bremerton, Washington. Wholly owned subsidiary. Management construction company, (80% of work is subcontracted; 20% of the job is performed by company employees), with federal government contracts. MKC was founded in 1979 as a sole proprietorship company and was incorporated in 1992. In 1997, The 13th Regional Corporation purchased 51% ownership to meet qualification in applying for government contracts through the minority/disadvantaged element of the Small Business Administration (SBA) 8(a) program. The 13th Regional Corporation bought out the remaining 49% ownership in 2004.
North Star Industrial Contractors (NSIC). Headquartered in Bremerton, Washington. Wholly owned subsidiary. Management Construction Company.
North Star Research and Technology (NSRT). Headquartered in Bremerton, Washington. Certified scientific and technical services consulting firm serving federal government clients.
NW Business Services Group. This subsidiary formerly held franchiser operations in the Pacific Northwest for Mail Boxes Etc. (now The UPS Store), but was bought out in 2004. NW Business Services Group is now a majority partner (60% ownership) with another Native company, Four Winds Services, Inc. (FWSI) of Altus, Oklahoma, engaged in postal management services.
Cold Bay Development Corp. Oversees owned by The 13th at Cold Bay, Alaska on the Alaska Peninsula. In partnership with an Anchorage company, Denali Biotechnologies, an attempt is being made to grow blueberries on the property for their anti-oxidant properties.
Non-profit
The 13th Regional Heritage Foundation. A tax-exempt, nonprofit providing scholarships to shareholders and their descendants.
References
Corporations Database. The 13th Regional Corporation . Division of Corporations, Business & Professional Licensing, Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development. Retrieved on 2014-09-30.
13thregion.info (Not officially affiliated with corporation).
Hart, Carl R. (2005-07-25). Letter to Jim Fowler. 13th Accountability. Retrieved on 2007-03-16. (Website no longer exists as of 2014-09-30.)
The 13th Connection (newsletter). 2003-09. "Farewell to a Special Friend." (Website no longer exists as of 2014-09-30.)
The 13th Regional Corporation (official website). Retrieved on 2012-08-30. (Website no longer exists as of 2014-09-30.)
1975 establishments in Alaska
Alaska Native regional corporations
Companies based in Seattle | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%2013th%20Regional%20Corporation |
American Empire: The Victorious Opposition is the third and final book in the American Empire alternate history series by Harry Turtledove, and the seventh in the Southern Victory series of books.
Plot summary
The book covers the period March 5, 1934 (the day after Jake Featherston's inauguration as President of the Confederate States) to June 22, 1941 (the commencement of Operation Blackbeard).
The United States are able to end a war with Japan, but are beginning to prepare for a fourth war against its southern neighbor—but slowly and reluctantly, as the memories of Great War carnage make the population skeptical of calls for increased military spending. In the Confederacy, Featherston and his fascist Freedom Party enact sweeping changes to all aspects of life, including purging and expanding the Army, abolishing the Supreme Court, and using concentration camps to kill off Whig and Radical Liberal politicians before using them to eliminate the black population of the Confederate States. To solidify popular support, Featherston makes good on his campaign promises to mechanize Confederate agriculture and bring electricity to communities across the CSA, including an equivalent of the TVA. These measures also have the effect of war preparations, ensuring that the C.S. will fight their next conflict as a full-fledged, advanced industrial nation. The old-style, somewhat complacent Confederate elites—the planter class—are eclipsed in political life by the mass-based, militaristic Freedom Party, driven by Featherston's burning vision of national greatness and revenge.
As these changes are taking place, representatives of the former Confederate states of Kentucky and Houston along with Sequoyah begin calling for a return to the Confederacy, with Confederate partisans in Houston launching an armed uprising against the U.S. Army. Union President Al Smith (who defeated Herbert Hoover and his running mate William Borah in the 1936 Presidential Election) allows himself to be swayed by the peace factions in the U.S. and gives in to the Confederate territorial demands. Smith is also able to win reelection in 1940 over Democratic candidate Robert A. Taft by a narrow margin. Republican Party candidate Wendell Willkie comes in third place in the election, carrying the electoral votes from his home state of Indiana. On January 7, 1941, plebiscites are held and Kentucky and Houston vote to return to the Confederacy with Houston also rejoining Texas. Featherston promises not to remilitarize them, or to ask for Sequoyah (which due to a massive number of white settlers, voted pro-U.S.) or other former C.S. territory such as the annexed areas of northern Virginia north of the Rappahannock River, northeastern Arkansas, and northwestern Sonora. Within weeks, Featherston breaks his promise and plants his modernized and expanded Confederate Army on the Ohio River, convincing Smith that the time to face Featherston down has finally come.
Tensions rise in Europe when Germany's longtime ruler Wilhelm II dies on June 4, 1941. The new Kaiser Wilhelm III refuses to return the former French territory of Alsace-Lorraine that France's ruling party Action Française had demanded. The United Kingdom, France and the Confederacy soon declare war on Germany, with Russia joining in days later.
With war breaking out in Europe, Jake Featherston feels it is time to have his revenge against his greatest enemy: the United States of America. On the first day of summer in 1941, he orders Operation Blackbeard to begin. The next day — June 22, 1941 — the Confederate States of America bring the war to North America with a surprise attack on Philadelphia and invasion of southern Ohio.
(The Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union — in our timeline — occurred on the same day. The name of the German invasion plan was Operation Barbarossa, named after a well-known German Emperor in the Middle Ages who had according to legend, 'a great red beard', thus the C.S. operation's name.)
Literary significance and reception
Jackie Cassada in her review for Library Journal called it a "solid choice". Peter Canon of Publishers Weekly said that this volume of Turtledove's saga "may be the strongest and most compelling since the opener". Roland Green reviewing for Booklist agreed that this was the most powerful volume in the series describing the novel as "busy, to be sure, but almost impossible to praise too highly".
References
2003 American novels
Southern Victory Series
American alternate history novels
Novels about World War II alternate histories
Novels set in the 1930s
Novels set in the 1940s | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Empire%3A%20The%20Victorious%20Opposition |
Sohodolls are an English electronic music band from London. The group was formed in 2003 and, following various line-up changes, consists of Maya von Doll (vocals), Toni Sailor (guitar), Weston Doll (Steven Weston) (keyboards), Matt Lord (double bass) and Paul Stone (drums).
The band—whose name is sometimes punctuated with a space as Soho Dolls—have described their sound as a cross between "decaying and desperate glamour" and "savagery and sex". Their debut album Ribbed Music for the Numb Generation was released through A&G Records in September 2007.
Biography
Sohodolls were formed in 2003 as an all-female band signed to A&G Records, with their first line-up consisting of Sammi Doll (Sammie Rayson), Maya Von Doll (Maya von der Louw) and Pato (Pato Munich). Their debut single "Stripper" would be released in 2004, and was the only release with Sammi as vocals, as she would leave the group soon after.
In 2004, Maya von Doll recruited guitarists Toni Sailor (Sailor Doll) and Gavin Jay after they attended a performance at the Rhythm Factory in London, setting the layer of the second line-up.
In mid-2006, soon after releasing their second single "Pleasures of Soho", both Gavin Jay and Sammi Doll decided to part ways with the Sohodolls. Wanting to explore more additions to the group in instruments, Maya and Toni found Steven Weston (Weston Doll) who took over the role on keyboards/synths. They then hired Paul Stone and Matt Lord to play drums and double bass, giving the group its third and current line-up.
The band's first two singles, released on Poptones, Alan McGee's record label, caused enough of a stir to reach numbers seven and twelve on the UK Indie Chart. These were followed by another release of "Stripper", "No Regrets" and then "Right and Right Again", which won acclaim from The Fly to Clash and NME. They began writing and recording their debut album in 2006 with producers Robert Harder (Babyshambles, The Sunshine Underground) and Steve Lyon (The Clash, Depeche Mode). In October 2006, the band released a download-only single, "No Regrets". Throughout 2006, Sohodolls attracted more attention, touring with She Wants Revenge during July, performing at Playboy Russias annual Playmate of the Year party in Moscow in August, The Big Issue'''s 15th-anniversary concert in September, and two UK tours as well as international dates in Los Angeles, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Belgium and Istanbul.
Their debut album, Ribbed Music for the Numb Generation, was released in September 2007, preceded by the single download-only single "My Vampire" and fully released single "Right and Right Again". The album also contains five of the group's previous singles, including the two album-release singles & five newly recorded tracks made specifically for the album. it was also supported by an extensive 35-date headline tour of the UK.
Their 2006 single "Stripper" was used in the American television series Gossip Girl when one of the main characters, Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) stripped to it in episode "Victor, Victrola", which aired on 7 November 2007 on The CW. The band was again featured in Gossip Girl when their song, "I'm Not Cool", played during the episode "In the Realm of the Basses" when Blair confronts Chuck in the Victrola club.
Their music also appeared in the 2011 video game Test Drive Unlimited 2, with the Allister Whitehead club remix of "Right and Right Again" rotating on the Hariba Radio in-game radio station and "Bang Bang Bang Bang" playing both on the RoadRock in-game radio station and also during the carwash scene.
Von Doll's solo song "Play My Way" was featured in the third episode of the fifth season of Gossip Girl, titled "The Jewel of Denial" and originally aired 10 October 2011. On the same day, the track was released digitally by Quid Records.
On 28 February 2014, the band released a new EP, titled Mayday, containing 3 new songs.
In 2015, Maya von Doll started a new band called New Pharaohs.
During late 2020, their song "Bang Bang Bang Bang" became a popular song on TikTok. Due to their newfound popularity Sohodolls released remasters for both songs, "Stripper" on 22 October 2020 and "Bang Bang Bang Bang" on 18 February 2021.
After the release of the "Stripper" and "Bang Bang Bang Bang" remasters, Sohodolls released charity single "Period" on 4 March 2021, in partnership with Period Poverty to raise money to provide feminine products to girls and women in refugee camps or in otherwise deprived areas.
On 30 April, Sohodolls released their song "Shut Your Pretty Mouth" on streaming services after the song's demo had leaked on YouTube, however, the song was not completely new, as it had been played in clubs in London sometime in 2009.
On 28 October 2022, the band released their song "Bad."
Tour
As well as having toured the UK seven times the band have also played in Japan, Korea (International Rock Festival at Pusan Beach), Moscow, Los Angeles, Istanbul, Rome, Berlin, Paris, Barcelona, Vienna, Brussels, Hamburg, Madrid, Piza, Cologne, Oslo, Munich, Weinheim, Frankfurt, Freiburg and have toured widely in the UK, often playing towns off the beaten circuit. They have also toured with/supported IAMX, Ladytron, Klaxons, Daft Punk, Vive la Fête, She Wants Revenge, The Magic Numbers, Hanoi Rocks, Apoptygma Berzerk, and Marilyn Manson.
To promote the release of their debut album Ribbed Music for the Numb Generation, Sohodolls embarked on their biggest tour to date. Starting at Hoxton Bar & Grill, London, on 4 September 2007, they headlined 34 venues across the UK.
Discography
Albums
Ribbed Music for the Numb Generation (2007)
Extended plays
Prince Harry EP (2005)
Mayday EP'' (2014)
Singles
Maya von Doll's solo singles
"Play My Way" (2011)
"Open Checkbook" (2012)
"Is This Love" (featuring Robs & Duke) (2012)
References
2003 establishments in England
English electronic rock musical groups
English alternative rock groups
English synth-pop groups
English glam rock groups
Musical groups established in 2003
Musical groups from London
Electropunk musical groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sohodolls |
The Place Stanislas is a large pedestrianised square in the French city of Nancy, in the Lorraine historic region. Built between 1752 and 1756 on the orders of Stanislaus I, the square is one of the oldest examples of an architecturally consistent and monumental public square, and is an excellent example of 18th-century urban architecture. Since 1983, the architectural ensemble comprising the Place Stanislas, the extension of its axis, the Place de la Carrière and the Place d'Alliance, has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
History
Background
After the War of the Polish Succession in 1737, the Duchy of Upper Lorraine, of which Nancy was the capital, was given to Stanislaus I Leszczyński ( in Polish, in French), former King of Poland and father-in-law to King Louis XV of France. An earlier ruler, Leopold, Duke of Lorraine, had undertaken much reconstruction in Lorraine, which had been ravaged by a series of wars. He had recruited numerous artists and architects for this work, including Germain Boffrand, who trained Emmanuel Héré. Hence, Stanislaus found a pool of talent and experience to draw from on his arrival.
Design and construction
The square was a major project in urban planning, conceived by Stanislaus I of Poland as a way to link the medieval old town of Nancy and the "new" town built in the 17th century under Charles III, Duke of Lorraine. The square was also intended as a place royale to honour Stanislaus' son-in-law, Louis XV. The design created a large urban square or place that linked two handsome existing buildings: the Hôtel de Ville (city hall, now centred on its grand square) and the Hôtel du Gouvernement, the seat of the duchy. The seat of city government and the seat of Ducal government thus faced each other as complements through a series of rational, symmetrical but varied urban spaces, unequalled in Europe at the time.
The square and the surrounding buildings, unified by their colossal orders, were designed by the royal architect Emmanuel Héré de Corny (1705–1763). Construction began in March 1752, and ended in November 1755. Barthélémy Guibal and Paul-Louis Cyfflé created a bronze statue of Louis XV that was erected in the center of the square. It was removed during the iconoclasm of the Revolution, when it was replaced with a simple winged figure. The square was renamed the '', and later the ''.
In 1831, a bronze statue of Stanislaus was placed in the middle of the square; since then it has been known as the 'Place Stanislas'.
The square has always been used for public assemblies and festivities. It has undergone several makeovers in its history and, in a low period of appreciation, served as a car parking area for nearly a quarter of a century, between 1958 and 1983.
The city has since reserved it for pedestrian use. In 2004 and 2005, the city undertook a massive restoration of the square, based on the original 18th-century plans. The ten-month project cost approximately 9 million euros. It was financed by a combination of city and local, regional, national and private funds. The inauguration of the new Place Stanislas, in May 2005, coincided with the square's 250th anniversary.
Description
The Place Stanislas is long and wide. It is paved with light ochre stones, with two lines of darker stones forming a diagonal cross motif. The square is surrounded by an architecturally harmonious ensemble of buildings, most notably these:
The City Hall () of Nancy, which occupies the entire south side of the square, with the prefectural office of Meurthe-et-Moselle at the south-east corner;
To the east, the Opera house (formerly the Bishop's Palace) and the Grand Hôtel (originally the , actually occupied by the Intendant Alliot);
To the west, the Fine Arts Museum (originally the ) and the Pavillon Jacquet (originally a commercial/residential building, now mostly offices);
On the north side, the buildings were kept lower for defensive purposes (to permit crossfire between the Vaudemont and the Haussonville bastions).
The Arc Héré, a triumphal arch built by Emmanuel Héré de Corny, stands in the centre of the fourth side, leading to the adjoining Place de la Carrière, where the main axis is developed as a double avenue of trees, with symmetrical buildings facing each other down its length.
The far end is defined by the hemi-cycles of colonnades that enclose the sides and are carried across the pre-existing façade of the Palais du Gouvernement.
The four corners and the west and east sides of the square feature gilded wrought iron gates and lanterns, created by Jean Lamour (1698–1771); who was also responsible for the wrought iron balustrade on the main staircase in the Hôtel de Ville, and the balcony across the centre of its main façade. The north-west and north-east corners also feature ornate fountains designed by Barthélémy Guibal (1699–1757). Because of these gates, Nancy is nicknamed City with Golden Gates (Ville aux Portes d'Or).
Central statue
The statue in the centre of the Place Stanislas, created by Georges Jacquot, represents Stanislas standing, dressed in flowing robes, holding a sword in his left hand and pointing towards the north with his right hand. The inscriptions on the high marble pedestal read:
The (City Hall), also known as (Stanislas's Palace), is the largest building in the square at 98 metres long, and occupies the whole south side of the square. Built in 1752–1755, it has served as the city hall since its construction. It was designated as a monument historique on 12 July 1886.
See also
List of World Heritage Sites in Europe
Notes
References
Simon, Pierre. 1994. Nancy : la ville de Stanislas. Metz: Editions Serpenoise.
External links
Video of Place Stanislas — UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Place Stanislas, the Tourist Information Office in Nancy
Buildings and structures completed in the 18th century
Buildings and structures in Nancy, France
Squares in France
World Heritage Sites in France
Landmarks in France
Tourist attractions in Nancy, France
18th-century architecture in France | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place%20Stanislas |
The spiny softshell turtle (Apalone spinifera) is a species of softshell turtle, one of the largest freshwater turtle species in North America. Both the common name, spiny softshell, and the specific name, spinifera (spine-bearing), refer to the spiny, cone-like projections on the leading edge of the carapace, which are not scutes (scales).
Description
The spiny softshell turtle's scientific name is very descriptive of the animal. Apalone comes from the Greek word apalos, meaning soft or tender, and spinifera is of Latin origin; spina- referring to thorn or spine and -ifer meaning bearing. This species is a member of the family Trionychidae, and one of the most distinguishing features of members in this family is the presence of a leathery, moderately flexible carapace. This is caused by loss of keratinized scutes and some bony tissue loss. Spiny softshell turtles have webbed feet, each with three claws. Another distinguishing feature of softshell turtles is the presence of a fleshy, elongated nose.
The carapace (the upper part of the shell) ranges from brown or yellow-brown to olive in color, while the plastron (lower part of the shell) is lighter, usually white or yellow. Hatchlings usually have dark spots on the carapace, but as females age, they frequently become darker in color, or their carapace becomes splotched. Males tend to maintain the same coloration pattern from birth. Coloration also varies between each subspecies, and the exact coloration can also depend on an individual turtle's environment. Spiny softshell turtles are cryptically colored, meaning that their coloration helps them blend in with their surrounding environment.
Spiny softshell turtles also have pale lines bordered by black lines running from its head down the side of its neck. The carapace length ranges from , with females growing larger than males. The namesake spines are found along the anterior border of the carapace and are more commonly found in males. The variation in coloration, size, and spine presence indicates that this species exhibits sexual dimorphism.
Distribution
Geographic range
This species is the most widely distributed softshell turtle in North America. The spiny softshell has a wide range, extending throughout much of the United States, as well as north into the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec, and south into the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, Coahuila and Chihuahua. As of recently, the spiny softshell has expanded its geographic range (through human assistance) into Washington State and California.
Ecological range
Spiny softshell turtles are often referred to as ecological generalists, meaning that they are found in a wide variety of habitats. The spiny softshell can be found in bodies of fresh water including ponds, lakes, rivers, tributaries, and streams. They can persist in more urban environments as they are well adapted to periodic habitat disturbances. They inhabit shallow water less than deep, but can also be found as far as deep. When swimming, a study suggests that they get most of their thrusting power from their forelimbs as opposed to their hindlimbs, which is common in other species. They can be found in areas with varying levels of vegetation, and although they are generally found in more slow-moving waters, this species abundance is greatest in waters with higher visibility and slower water velocity Spiny softshells prefer waters with sandy bottoms and clean, sandy banks. Sandy environments are important for nesting sites, proper juvenile growth and development, and camouflage.
Spiny softshells migrate between warm and cold seasons. In each season, turtles generally stay in a single zone, and they move more within their zone during warm months. The spiny softshell will migrate between their zones and their average home range length is .
As far as home range, a study of the "eastern spiny" subspecies (which has the largest and most northern-reaching distribution) home range behaviour found that turtles of northern Lake Champlain generally had two annual concentration areas for spring-summer and fall-winter, contributing to a large home range. Mean annual home range was also found, in the same study, to be over ten times larger for female softshells compared to males. It was suggested in this study that the high home range was due to habitat fragmentation.
Behavior
Diet
Spiny softshell turtles feed on a variety of food items. They are primary consumers and feed on invertebrates (crayfish and aquatic insects), fish, algal stocks and other plant material, and mussels. They are generally observed as benthic feeders; they can either actively hunt prey or bury themselves in the sand and wait to ambush prey.
Some evidence suggests that spiny softshell turtles exhibit a nuclear-follower foraging association with fish. A study that took place in an urban drainage canal in Louisiana found that when foraging, spiny softshell turtles were observed moving along the creek bottom thrusting their probosces into the substrate which then allowed fish to enter the suspended sediment and capture prey otherwise unavailable to the fish. The fish benefit from increased foraging success, while few benefits accrue to the foraging turtles.
Reproduction
Spiny softshells begin mating between ages 8 and 10. A large female turtle may live up to 50 years. The turtles mate in mid-to-late spring in deep water. The male will nudge the female's head while swimming, and if she chooses to mate, the male will swim above the female without clasping her with his claws (unlike other turtles). A few months later, the female turtle quickly lays her eggs along a sunny sandbar or gravel bank in a flask-shaped cavity she has dug close to the water. This nesting behavior typically begins around July with the females leaving the water and probing the ground with her snout to find the spot to lay her eggs. The turtle nests more than once during a single season. She can lay between 9 and 38 round, calcareous-shelled eggs. The eggs are laid around July and September, and they hatch in the spring. In studies observing nesting behavior, it has been found that the females are more likely to lay eggs on days where there is a small difference between the air and water temperatures. Unlike in some other turtles, in the spiny softshell turtle, the sex of the hatchlings is not determined by temperature variations; it is determined by genetics.
Late-term embryos and hatchlings of spiny softshell turtles have been recently found to make various click- and chirp-type sounds before emergence onto the surface. The function of these sounds is currently unknown.
Respiration
Spiny softshell turtles are bimodal breathers, meaning they have the ability (to some degree) to perform oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange by breathing air or while breathing underwater. A variety of factors allow for these turtles to perform respiration underwater. They have an increase of cutaneous surface area and blood flow, reduction in lung size, and increase of respiratory epithelium in the cloaca and buccopharynx. Spiny softshell turtles are more dependent on underwater respiration than other freshwater species. This has led to their low tolerance of hypoxic waters; this becomes especially important during times of hibernation, when these turtles must choose hibernacula that are unlikely to become hypoxic. They are known as an anoxia-intolerant species because of their dependency on underwater respiration. Other turtle species are more adapted to variation in oxygen levels but spiny softshell turtless are not able to regulate it as well, especially during hibernation periods. This makes choosing hibernacula very important to their over-winter survival. While they are susceptible to anoxia, they have the ability to maintain their metabolism completely via aerobic means which gives them a slight advantage when compared to other hibernating aquatic turtles during winter.
Conservation
Overall, the spiny softshell turtle is widespread, common and not threatened, but some local populations are under pressure. In Canada, which is at the northern margin of its range and where the species is quite local, it is considered endangered. The very rare black spiny softshell turtle, a subspecies found only in Mexico's Cuatro Ciénegas Basin, is considered critically endangered.
Taxonomy
The species was first described by Charles Alexandre Lesueur in 1827. It has been redescribed numerous times, leading to some confusion in its taxonomy.
Subspecies
The recognized subspecies differ in the markings on their carapaces, on the sides of their heads, and on their feet, although there are also considerable individual (not related to subspecies) variations in the appearance. Their markings, which are distinct as hatchlings, fade as the turtles grow larger. Adult females of the various subspecies, which grow larger than males, are not easily distinguishable from one another, and sometimes can only be assigned to a particular subspecies based on geography.
Six subspecies of A. spinifera are recognized, including the nominate subspecies:
Northern spiny softshell turtle or eastern spiny softshell, A. s. spinifera (Lesueur, 1827)
Gulf Coast spiny softshell turtle, A. s. aspera (Agassiz, 1857)
Black spiny softshell turtle or Cuatro Cienegas softshell turtle, A. s. atra (Webb & Legler, 1960)
Texas spiny softshell turtle, A. s. emoryi (Agassiz, 1857)
Guadalupe spiny softshell turtle, A. s. guadalupensis (Webb, 1962)
Pallid spiny softshell turtle, A. s. pallida (Webb, 1962)
A previously recognized subspecies, Apalone spinifera hartwegi (Conant & Goin, 1941), has been synonymized to A. s. spinifera as of 2011.
Genomics
A rough-draft assembly of the A. spinifera aspera genome was completed in 2013 by the Genome Institute at Washington University in St. Louis. The assembly ASM38561v1 can be accessed via its Genbank accession ID APJP00000000.1
References
Bibliography
Further reading
Behler JL, King FW (1979). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 743 pp. . (Trionyx spiniferus, pp. 485–486 + Plates 270, 271).
Boulenger GA (1889). Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). New Edition. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). x + 311 pp. + Plates I-III. (Trionyx spinifer, pp. 259–260).
Lesueur CA (1827). "Note sur deux espèces de tortues, du genre Trionyx de M[onsieur]. Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire ". Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 15: 257-268 + Plates 6–7. (Trionyx spiniferus, new species, pp. 258–263 + Plate 6). (in French).
Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. . (Trionyx spiniferus, pp. 31–33).
Stejneger L, Barbour T (1917). A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 125 pp. (Amyda spinifera, p. 125).
External links
Drawing of skull of Spiny Softshell Turtle
Apalone
Turtles of North America
Reptiles of the United States
Reptiles of Mexico
Fauna of the Eastern United States
Reptiles of Ontario
Reptiles described in 1827
Fauna of the Northwestern United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiny%20softshell%20turtle |
Russian Railways () is a Russian fully state-owned vertically integrated railway company, both managing infrastructure and operating freight and passenger train services.
The company was established on 18 September 2003, when a decree was passed to separate the upkeep and operation of the railways from the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation. RZhD is based in Moscow at Novaya Basmannaya str., 2. The operating units of the central part of the staff are at Kalanchevskaya str., 35.
Railways in the Russian-occupied region of Crimea are controlled by Crimea Railway, a separate company.
History
Background and 2003 reform
After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Russian Federation inherited 17 of the 32 regions of the former Soviet Railways (SZD).
In the mid-1990s, the profitability of railway transportation of the Russian Ministry of Railways fell to negative values, the bureaucratization of the ministry itself was publicly criticized, which became an occasion for reforms. Shortly after being elected president of Russia in 2000, Vladimir Putin approved the idea of reforming the railway transport, according to which all economic functions on the railway should be transferred to a joint-stock company with 100% state participation. The start of the state program for reforming the Russian railway sector was given by the establishment of Russian Railways in October 2003. The new company received over 95% of the assets belonging to the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation.
In 2003, the Federal Law on Railway Transport divided the Ministry of Railways into the Federal Railway Transport Agency (FRTA) and Russian Railways (RZD). The reform also required RZD to provide access to railway infrastructure to other carriers and operators. As the law requires carriers to provide service to customers anywhere in Russia, RZD retained its dominant position.
Later in 2003, the Decree No. 585 established RZD as a joint stock company, making it a holding in charge of 63 subsidiaries, including TransContainer, RailTranAuto, Rail Passenger Directorate, Russian Troika, TransGroup, and Refservis. RZD acquired 987 companies (95% in asset value) out of the 2046 that had formed the MR system. Gennady Fadeyev, the Railways Minister, became the company's first president.
The reform saw the creation of a new market segment following the privatization of the network's rolling stock. The company divided the bulk of its wagon fleet between two new operating companies, Freight One (which was later privatised) and Freight Two (renamed Federal Freight in 2012), and private players such as GlobalTrans also entering the market.
2000s
In 2003, RZD launched a project to replace the narrow gauge on Sakhalin Railway to the broad gauge used in the rest of Russia, which it formally completed in August 2019. The share of privately owned wagons in the freight transport increased to one-third of the total by 2005. On 18 May 2006, the company signed an agreement with Siemens for the delivery of eight high-speed trains.
On 23 May 2007, Russian Railways adopted a new corporate style which changed fundamentally the way the Company presented itself visually to the outside world. The change of corporate identity underwent several stages during the 2007–2010 period. The final version of the logo was designed by BBDO Branding.
Also, commissioned by BBDO Branding The Agency HardCase Design created a family of corporate fonts RussianRail, consisting of 15 fonts. In the new company logo Sans-serif RussianRail Grotesque Medium was used. In 2008, the new logo of Russian Railways became a runner-up for the international design competition WOLDA '08 award.
Strategy 2030, an investment plan to expand and modernize the railway network, was approved by the Russian government in 2008. Since 2008, as part of the structural reform of rail transport, with separation of the services infrastructure of transportation activity and the emergence of a competitive environment, Russian Railways has been transformed into a vertically oriented holding company.
In 2009, the investment budget was 262.8 billion rubles (excluding VAT), of which 47.4 billion for projects related to the preparation and staging of the Olympic Games in Sochi; 58.7 billion for the renovation of the rolling stock (including supply of Sapsan trains).
2010s
In 2010, Federal Passenger Company was established as a fully owned subsidiary of Russian Railways, providing long-distance passenger services both in Russia and abroad. By the end of 2013, it operated all long-distance routes, except for high-speed Sapsan lines, which are operated by RZD.
RZD issued its first dollar-denominated bond in 2010, raising $1.5 billion. On 28 October 2011, the Joint Stock Company Freight One, a subsidiary of Russian Railways, sold 75% of its shares minus two shares for 125.5 billion rubles (about 4 billion $) to Independent Transport Company owned by Vladimir Lisin. Thus, Lisin as Russia's largest operator of rolling stock acquired control of a quarter of the freight market.
As part of its reform efforts, RZD massively reduced its workforce, from 2.2 million in the 1990s to 934,000 people in 2012. In 2012, it became one of the three largest transport companies in the world.
According to a Reuters inquiry, RZD procurement activities in 2012 amounted to $22.5 billion; part of this was awarded to private contractors with no genuine operations in de facto noncompetitive tenders. Some of the company addresses listed on the tenders turned out to be private apartments, car repair shops or department stores. It was alleged that the contractors were actually shell companies, used to convey billions of dollars in tenders to close associates of Yakunin, president of RZD.
Zheldoripoteka, RZD's real estate arm, was revealed to have sold land plots located close to railway stations in major cities to the son of Russian Railways president Vladimir Yakunin. Far East Land Bridge, a company partnered with a Russian Railways subsidiary, was also linked to Yakunin's son.
On 16 October 2012, Russian Railways has completed competitive negotiations with potential buyers of the remaining 25-percent plus 1 share stake in JSC Freight One. The best binding offer was received from the Independent Transport Company LLC. The assets were sold for 50 billion rubles.
In early November 2012, Russian Railways announced the purchase of 75% of the French logistics company Gefco SA. The total value of the transaction was 800 million euros, the seller being PSA Peugeot Citroen, the parent company of Gefco. A program to modernize the Baikal–Amur Mainline was launched in 2013, costing the equivalent of £4 billion by 2018.
In 2015, RZD International won a €1.2 billion contract to electrify the Garmsar–Inche Bourun line in Iran.
In August 2015, company president Vladimir Yakunin was dismissed, allegedly because of poor performance and mismanagement. Yakunin was replaced by Oleg Belozyorov.
RZD International began works on the reconstruction of the Serbian Vinarci – Djordjevo line in 2016. The Moscow Central Circle railway, designed and managed by Roszheldorproject, an RZD subsidiary, opened in September 2016. In July 2018, the company announced plans to phase out third-class carriages on long-distance trains by 2025.
2020s
On 24 February 2022, in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, US President Joe Biden announced economic sanctions against several Russian companies, including Russian Railways.
On 8 April 2022, the shipping company CMA CGM announced to be acquiring the French logistics company Gefco SA from Russian Railways and minority shareholder Stellantis.
On 11 April 2022, the Wall Street Journal and Reuters reported that the International Swaps and Derivatives Association had determined a "failure to pay" credit event occurred on 250 million CHF worth of Swiss franc loan participation notes linked to an entity related to Russian Railways, RZD Capital. The determination is considered the first step to triggering a credit default swap.
Future projects
Planned projects
In March 2016, RZD approved an updated version of high-speed rail development program until 2030. The 5 trillion ruble program includes the construction of Moscow–Kazan–Yekaterinburg, Moscow–Adler and Moscow–Saint Petersburg high-speed lines, as well as other high-speed lines connecting regional cities.
The construction program is divided into three stages. Until 2020 Russian Railways plans to put into operation the high-speed rail sections linking Moscow–Kazan (1.2 trillion rubles), Moscow–Tula (268.6 billion rubles), Chelyabinsk–Yekaterinburg (122.6 billion rubles), Tula–Belgorod (86.8 billion rubles), Yekaterinburg–Nizhny Tagil (12.9 billion rubles) and Novosibirsk–Barnaul (62.3 billion rubles). The project design of the largest container port in Ust-Luga for reception and distribution of containerized freight on China–Europe route is also part of the program.
Between 2021 and 2025 RZD plans to build Rostov–Krasnodar–Adler, Tula–Voronezh high-speed rail and the extension of Kazan-Yelabuga high-speed rail, as well as other regional high-speed rail links.
During the 2026–2030 third phase of the program, Russian Railways will build Moscow–Saint Petersburg high-speed rail section; the railway line will be extended from Yelabuga to Yekaterinburg, and from Voronezh to Rostov-on-Don.
Proposed projects
In March 2015, at a meeting of the Russian Academy of Science, Vladimir Yakunin presented an ambitious new transport route called the Trans-Eurasian Belt Development (TEPR) which would go "through Russia with a mega road and high-speed rail network to link Asia with Europe' and with the opportunity to go to Chukotka and Bering Strait and then to the American continent" to Alaska, "making overland trips from Britain to the US (via the Channel Tunnel) a possibility."
Owners and management
The Russian Federation is the founder and sole shareholder of JSC Russian Railways. On behalf of its shareholders the powers are exercised by the Government of the Russian Federation. It approves the president of the company, forms the board of directors annually and approves the annual reports.
An IPO for the company was considered in 2012, but it was pushed back to after 2020.
The Chairman of the Board of Directors of JSC Russian Railways is Oleg Belozerov. Before him, the position was occupied by Kirill Androsov from September 2011 till June 2015., and previously by Alexander Zhukov – from 20 July 2004 to September 2011 and Viktor Khristenko – from 16 October 2003 – 20 July 2004.
Gennady Fadeev was President of JSC Russian Railways from 23 September 2003 – 14 June 2005. He was succeeded by Vladimir Yakunin – from 14 June 2005 to 20 August 2015. Oleg Belozyorov has been president of the company since 20 August 2015.
Subsidiaries
As of December 2013, Russian Railways has controlling interests in the following companies:
Federal Passenger Company (100%);
Gefco S.A. (75%);
Federal Freight (100%);
TransContainer (50.6%);
Refservice (100%);
RailTransAuto (51%);
High-speed Rail Lines (100%);
RZDstroy (100%);
Roszheldorproject (55.56%);
RZD Trading Company (50% + 1)
TransTeleCom (100%);
Zhilsotsipoteka (100%);
Zheldoripoteka (100%);
TransWoodService (100%);
BetElTrans (100%);
First Nonmetallic Company (100%);
Zeleznodorozhnaya Torgovaya Kompaniya (100%);
Wagon Repair Company – 1 (100%);
Wagon Repair Company – 2 (100%);
Wagon Repair Company – 3 (100%);
Kaluga Plant Remputmash (100%);
Incorporated Electrotechnical Plants (50 + 1).
Activities
The main activities of Russian Railways involve freight and passenger traffic. In Russia, railways carry 42% of the total cargo traffic, and about 33% of passenger traffic. Some passenger categories, such as pensioners, members of parliament, and holders of Soviet and Russian state decorations, receive free or subsidized tickets.
Freight traffic
In 2013 railways carried nearly 90% of Russia's freight, excluding pipelines. In 2014, railway infrastructure and locomotive services accounted for 74% of the company's total revenue.
The cost of freight tariff is determined by the Federal Tariff Service at net cost or higher.
Long-distance travel
Russian Railways has a near-monopoly on long-distance train travel, with its subsidiary, Federal Passenger Company, accounting for 90% of total passenger turnover in 2017. Passenger transportation accounted for 10.6% of the company's revenue in 2017. The long-distance passenger fleet includes 19,386 rail cars as of 2017, with an average age of 19.1 years. Over 60% of long-distance passengers travel in third-class sleeping carriages.
The long-distance rail passenger business is under increasing competition from airlines, due to their aggressive domestic pricing policies and generally shorter travel times for routes under 1,000 km. International rail passenger traffic dropped from 19.4 million passengers in 2013 to 6.8 million in 2017.
In 2005–2010, JSC Russian Railways has launched a program to introduce new high-speed trains. The first train, Sapsan, commenced service in December 2009 and connects Saint Petersburg, Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod and is operated with trains manufactured by the German company Siemens.
The second train, Allegro, has run from Saint Petersburg to Helsinki via Vyborg since December 2010 and is owned and operated together with the Finnish VR Group.
Sapsan was the most successful passenger train of JSC Russian Railways with occupancy rate of 84.5% (according to RZD in 2010) and profitability of 30% (although capital costs were not included in its calculation).
Fares on long distance trains
Passenger tariffs (except for travelling in the stateroom, sleeping and VIP-cars) are approved by the State, represented by the Federal Tariff Service with social orientation of its traffic operations below cost. Passenger fare is divided into two components: «ticket» (which includes the cost of transport infrastructure, locomotive traction and the Station component) and «reserved seat» (service of transport company, which is the owner of the car). Since 2003, the flexible schedule tariffs (FST) to travel on long-distance trains is used:
in the period of keen demand the rate is above the annual average by 5–20% (earlier it was up to +45%)
approximately the third part of the year the base rate is active
during the periods of low passenger's traffic the rate is lower by 5–20%. On certain days of the year (from 1 to 3 days, at different times on such days as 31.12, 01.01 and dates around 9 May) the index of 45–50% is valid when tickets are twice cheaper.
FST is calculated in such a way as to stimulate passengers to undertake a trip on the date with the lowest index. In 2010 and 2011, the average weighted index for calendar periods was 0.97 and the average volume of passenger traffic – 1.00.
According to the JSC Russian Railways statement, the passenger transportation – except for some highly profitable directions – is unprofitable. These losses are partly compensated from the budget, and for the most part – with the help of cross-subsidies by income from freight.
Suburban passenger companies
Since 2009, the company is not a direct carrier of suburban passengers. Suburban transport is now operated by passenger companies founded by the executive agencies of the Russian Federation, Russian Railways and private investors. As of 2016, there are 25 suburban passenger companies (SPC), and Russian Railways owns a majority stake in 19 of them.
Especially for the SPC a zero tariff for the use of railway infrastructure was introduced. Russian Railways receives 25 billion rubles subsidies as compensation annually from the State. Commuter traffic in the whole network increased in 2011 on 5.6% and is about 878.33 million people. Passenger turnover rail in the Russian regions ranges from 5% to 30% in total passenger traffic.
Sponsorship
Since its establishment in 2003, Russian Railways sponsoring FC Lokomotiv Moscow in the Russian Premier League.
Since February 2016 Russian Railways is the sponsor of Rodina Kirov, a bandy team in the Russian Bandy Super League.
Assets
Infrastructure
As of 31 December 2009, the total operational length of railway is 85 281 km, including the track gauge of – 84 446 km, the length of continuous welded rails 74.4 thousand km, the railway network operated by 166 975 switches, 138 tunnels and 30,727 bridges.
The length of lines equipped with automatic block (AB) and centralized control, is 62,055 km, or 72.9%. Devices of railway automation and remote control on the Russian railway network served with 203 distance signaling, centralization and blocking and with one technical center of automation and remote control.
The following Railways belong to RZD:
:
October Railway – 10,378 km (managed from Saint Petersburg)
Kaliningrad Railways – 963 km (managed from Kaliningrad)
Moscow Railway – 8,800 km (managed from Moscow)
Gorky Railway – 5,297 km (managed from Nizhny Novgorod)
Northern Railway – 5,961 km (managed from Yaroslavl)
North Caucasus Railways – 6,311 km (managed from Rostov-on-Don)
South-Eastern Railway – 4,189 km (managed from Voronezh)
Privolzhsk Railway – 4,237 km (managed from Saratov)
Kuybyshev Railway – 4,752 km (managed from Samara)
Sverdlovsk Railway – 7,154 km (managed from Yekaterinburg)
South Urals Railways – 4,807 km (managed from Chelyabinsk)
West Siberian Railway – 5,558 km (managed from Novosibirsk)
Krasnoyarsk Railways – 3,158 km (managed from Krasnoyarsk)
East Siberian Railway – 3,876 km (managed from Irkutsk)
Zabaikal Railway – 3,336 km (managed from Chita)
Far Eastern Railway – 5,991 km (managed from Khabarovsk)
:
Abkhazian Railway: 10-year lease starting from 2009.
South Caucasus Railway: 30-year concession starting 2008.
RZD also manages a 50% share in Ulaanbaatar Railways on behalf of the Russian government.
Rolling stock
Traction rolling stock includes diesel locomotives, electric locomotives, electric trains, diesel trains, railcars, railway handcar, other self-propelled equipment and non-tractive rolling stock – different cars (passenger, freight) and a special rolling stock.
The main producer of passenger cars (95%) is Tver Carriage Works.
At the end of 2012, the rolling stock inventory included 20,618 locomotives, including 2,543 electric passenger locomotives, 578 diesel passenger locomotives, 7,837 electric freight locomotives, 3,556 diesel freight locomotives, 6,104 shunting locomotives.
In 2017 RZD purchased 459 locomotives, including four EP1M, 13 EP2K, 19 TEP70BS and four EP20 passenger units, as well as 84 2ES6, 10 2ES10, 51 2ES5K, 45 3ES5K, four 3ES4K, 86 2TE25KM, and five 4ES5K freight units.
In 2013, the RZD holding owned 252,900 freight cars, including 54,200 owned directly by Russian Railways, with the rest owned by company subsidiaries and affiliates, such as Federal Freight and TransContainer.
Performance indicators
Annually JSC Russian Railways carries over 1 billion passengers and 1 billion tons of freight.
In 2011, freight traffic of Russian Railways totaled about 1.4 billion tons. Passenger traffic for the year 2011 reached 992.4 million people.
The average salary on the network in October 2011 – 31 thousand rubles a month. Loading volume for the year 2012 amounted to 1 billion 274.7 million tons (+2.7% compared to 2011), the share in the total turnover of the country (except pipelines) — 85.5%. In 2012, the network carried 1 bln 56.7 million passengers (+6.4% compared to 2011). Net income from the basic activities using Russian GAAP was in 2012 almost 5.3 billion rubles, which is a decrease compared to 2011 (13.7 billion rubles) of almost 3 times. The company's revenue in 2021 amounted to 2 trillion rubles.
In total, Russian Railways receives 112 billion roubles (around US$1.5 billion) annually from the government.
See also
Russian Railway Museum, in Saint Petersburg
Emperor railway station in Pushkin town
References
Further reading
Collins, D. N. "The Franco-Russian Alliance and Russian Railways, 1891–1914." Historical Journal 16, no. 4 (1973): 777-88. online.
Haywood, Richard M. "The question of a standard gauge for Russian railways, 1836–1860." Slavic Review 28.1 (1969): 72-80 online.
Starns, Karl Edward McDaniel. "The Russian Railways and Imperial Intersections in the Russian Empire." (Diss. 2013). online
Westwood, John Norton. A history of Russian railways (G. Allen and Unwin, 1964).
Westwood, J. Soviet railways to Russian railways (Springer, 2001).
In Russian
Госкомстат СССР (Gov't Statistical Committee ) "Народное хозяйство СССР: статистический ежегодник" (The national economy of the USSR, statistical yearbook),Финансы и статистика, Москва (various years till 1990).
Госкомстат СССР (Уманский, Л.), "Народное хозяйство СССР за 70 лет: юбилейный статистический ежегодник". Москва, "Финансы и статистика", 1987.
Госкомстат СССР "Транспорт и связь СССР: Статистический сборник" (USSR Transportation and Communications: statistics). Москва. 1990 (and other editions: 1967, 1972, etc.)
ЖТ = Железнодорожный Транспорт (Railroad Transportation) a monthly magazine published since 1826. The month designation is numeric; e.g. 10-1998 is the November issue.
Плакс, А.В. & Пупынин, В.Н., "Электрические железные дороги" (Electric Railroads), Москва, "Транспорт", 1993.
Резер, С.М., "Взаимодействие транспортных систем", Москва, "Наука", 1985.
Шадур, Л.А. ed., "Вагоны: конструкция, теория и расчёт" (Railroad cars: construction, theory and calculations), Москва, "Транспорт", 1980.
Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal government statistical service) "Транспорт в России" (Transportation in Russia) (annual) Available online
Филиппов, М.М. (editor), "Железные дороги. Общий курс" (Railroads, General Course) Москва, Транспорт, 3rd ed. 1981. 4th ed. 1991 with new editor: Уздин, М.М.
Шафиркин, Б.И, "Единая транспортная система СССР и взаимодействие различных видов транспорта" (Unified Transportation System of the USSR and interaction of various modes of transportation), Москва, "Высшая школа", 1983.
Шадур. Л. А. (ed.), "Вагоны" (Railway cars), Moscow, "Транспорт", 1980.
External links
Russian Railways Official Site
Financial Information
1992 establishments in Russia
Companies based in Moscow
Government-owned companies of Russia
Government-owned railway companies
Railway companies established in 2003
Railway companies of Russia
Russian brands
Russian entities subject to the U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian%20Railways |
Lenny Zakatek (born Lenny du Platel, 1947) is a British singer and musician who has lived in London since the age of thirteen. Zakatek was born just prior to Karachi becoming part of Pakistan and is best known for his work with the British bands Gonzalez and The Alan Parsons Project.
Early years
In 1964, Zakatek formed a rock band called The Trailblazers, as lead singer and rhythm guitarist. On their first tour of US military bases in Europe, they became familiar with the Motown sound. The Trailblazers returned to the UK with a new soul influence and were renamed Funky Fever. They toured the UK and Europe for several years and also played nightclubs in London, including Gulliver's, Whisky a Go Go, The Marquee, Ronnie Scott's, The Scotch of St. James and The Revolution. Funky Fever also backed Inez and Charlie Foxx and The Drifters on their European tours.
Lynsey de Paul and Dudley Moore took an interest in Zakatek's voice, look and stage presence in the early 1970s. De Paul got him signed to Bell Records, dubbed him "Zakatek" and wrote two singles "I Gotcha Now" backed with "So Good To You" (later recorded by de Paul as the B-side on her hit single "Won't Somebody Dance With Me") and singles "Get Your Gun" backed with "Gotta Runaway". A German version of "Get Your Gun" entitled "Roter Mann", with German lyrics by Gunther Gabriel, was recorded by Zakatek and released in 1974 and appeared on a compilation CD released in 2000 De Paul introduced him to the UK through an article in the Daily Mirror entitled "Sugar Girl's Heap Big Find". The musicians who were featured on Zakatek's solo work were already known as some of the members of 10cc.
Success
Between 1974 and 1981, Zakatek was the lead singer with Gonzalez. They recorded successful albums, including Our Only Weapon Is Our Music, and Shipwrecked. The worldwide disco hit, "Haven't Stopped Dancing Yet" came from this collaboration. In 1977, Zakatek became a studio vocalist for The Alan Parsons Project, singing on their albums over a ten-year period. He was featured on twelve songs from eight Alan Parsons Project albums, including the hits "I Wouldn't Want to Be Like You", "Games People Play", "You Don't Believe," and "Damned If I Do". The allaboutjazz.com reviewer Todd S. Jenkins wrote that: "Lenny Zakatek's singing on ["I Wouldn't Want To Be Like You" and "Games People Play"] is prototypical of soulful prog-rock ... detached from the electronic melange."
Solo work
1979 saw the release of Zakatek's first solo album Lenny Zakatek, which was produced by Alan Parsons for A&M Records. Single releases included "Brandy", "Say I Love You" and "Where Is The Love". In 1986, Zakatek formed a band called The Immortals, with John Deacon on bass guitar, and Robert Ahwai on lead guitar. Their single "No Turning Back" was included on the soundtrack to the film Biggles.
In 1986, he guested on the track "Angel", written by Bob Weston, included on the Dick Morrissey album Souliloquy, and which also featured both Ahwai and Weston.
In 1988, he began a parallel career as a manager, music publisher and record producer. He managed and co-produced three of Japan's most prolific recording artists, Tomoyasu Hotei, Miki Imai and Kumiko Yamashita. he also co-wrote and produced several songs on Hotei's first solo album, Guitarhythm. In the UK he managed 7th Heaven, Huff and Herb, and The 3 Jays. The latter two acts achieved successes in the dance market. Zakatek's publishing company All Zakatek Music, co-published some of the cuts on Kubb's debut album. He has published and managed Sony/BMG artist Jah Waggie, the creative alter-ego of Jeff Patterson. Zakatek's second solo album Small But Hard, was released in 1989.
In 1995, Zakatek performed with Joni Mitchell at the Great Music Experience in Nara City, Japan. He shared the stage with INXS, Bon Jovi, Bob Dylan and Tomoyasu Hotei and worked with Michael Kamen, with whom he went to do other projects.
2000 onwards
Zakatek now plays throughout Europe and the UK with the Boogie Brothers, a 12 piece R&B band. He has also appeared at corporate events as a solo performer, along with his son and daughter Amber du Platel and singer-songwriter Leon du Platel.
In March 2010, Zakatek announced a return to the stage playing a selection of Alan Parsons Project songs. He also performed on Frankie Miller's album of duets Frankie Miller's Double Take (2016), appearing with Miller on the track "I Never Want to Lose You". The songs on this album were recorded as demos by Miller prior to his brain haemorrhage in New York in 1994.
References
External links
Biography at The Avenue Online
1947 births
Living people
A&M Records artists
EMI Records artists
English rhythm and blues singers
English male singers
English pop singers
Indian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Singers from Karachi
The Alan Parsons Project members
Gonzalez (band) members
People from Karachi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny%20Zakatek |
The pallid spiny softshell turtle (Apalone spinifera pallida) is a subspecies of softshell turtle native to the U.S. states of Oklahoma, Louisiana and Texas. It was first described by Robert G. Webb in 1962.
References
Turtle Field Guide: Spiny Softshell Subspecies
Apalone
Reptiles of the United States
Fauna of the Plains-Midwest (United States)
Reptiles described in 1962
Taxa named by Robert G. Webb | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallid%20spiny%20softshell%20turtle |
Edward Owen Kayvan Temple-Morris (born 26 April 1965 in Cardiff) is a British DJ, record producer and TV presenter. He hosted London radio station XFM's specialist show The Remix for 15 years, before moving it to Soho Radio. He joined Virgin Radio UK in 2017 and currently presents mid-mornings on weekdays.
Biography
Before joining XFM, Temple-Morris was the main presenter on the MTV show Up for It Live, presented shows for Atlantic 252 & BBC Hereford & Worcester, co-presented the Pepsi Chart on Five, and Takeover TV on Channel 4.
He hosted The Remix on Friday nights from 10pm till 2am. The strapline for the show is "where dance rocks", and includes dance remixes of indie and rock hits, plus up and coming dance music of the dance rock crossover variety. Most weeks there is also a 30-minute mix from a guest DJ, producer or artist called the "Superchunk" and now "The All Time Top 10" where remixers create a 10-minute mix featuring the artist's favorite songs, this has become a competition with mixes featuring over 200 songs. The show, which was co-presented/produced by James Hyman (1999–2003) popularized the mashup genre, with a section called Bedroom Bedlam dedicated to unofficial bootleg remixes. Many established names in the mash up scene, including Go Home Productions, Freelance Hellraiser, and Osymyso, got some of their earliest plays on the Remix Show. Also, Kasabian, 2ManyDJs, Simian Mobile Disco, Reverend and the Makers, Infadels, Plan B and Justice received their first ever air play on the show. His last show aired on 4 September 2015.
Temple-Morris DJs at rock, electro and indie crossover nights in UK and Europe, supporting the Prodigy, Pendulum and Delays in their UK tours. His own night, The Remix All Nighter, took place at London super-nightclub, Matter. Remix Night events take place elsewhere in the UK. In 2007, Temple-Morris headlined a Remix Night UK tour.
On the production side Temple-Morris remixes with Tom Bellamy from the Cooper Temple Clause under the moniker Losers. Some of their remixes appeared on a new double album, compiled and mixed by Temple-Morris, called Dance Rocks, which was released in April 2007 on UK label Botchit & Scarper. More recently Losers have remixed Gossip, Rage Against the Machine, the Presets and Placebo. Losers released their album 'Beautiful Losers' on Gung Ho! Recordings on 13 September 2010.
Temple-Morris co-founded Manumission's Ibiza Rocks. He also programmed stages at the UK's Glade, Secret Garden Run to the Sun, The Big Snow and The Big Reunion music festivals.
Temple-Morris writes a weekly column for music industry website CMU, called Eddy Says.
He is the voice of motor racing magazine show Mobil 1 The Grid, shown on Channel 4 and Motors TV in the UK, and Speed in North America.
Temple-Morris agreed to become Ambassador for The British Tinnitus Association in January 2010, to help raise money and awareness for the hearing condition which he has suffered from for a decade.
He is the son of the late Labour peer and former Conservative MP Peter Temple-Morris and was educated at Malvern College in Malvern, Worcestershire.
In 2017, he joined digital radio station Virgin Radio UK presenting weekend drivetime. In January 2018, he began presenting the weekday mid-morning show replacing Jamie East alongside his new Saturday afternoon show.
References
External links
Eddy Says column in the CMU Daily.
NME feature on Eddy Temple Morris at the NME.com.
1965 births
Welsh DJs
British record producers
British radio personalities
British radio DJs
People educated at Malvern College
Mass media people from Cardiff
Living people
British people of Iranian descent
Sons of life peers
Virgin Radio (UK)
Welsh people of Iranian descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy%20Temple-Morris |
The northern spiny softshell turtle (Apalone spinifera spinifera) is a subspecies of soft-shelled turtle in the family Trionychidae. The subspecies is native to the United States and can be found from Montana at the western edge of its range to Vermont and Quebec on the eastern edge. Introduced populations have also been found in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Arizona, and Virginia.
Etymology
Apalone spinifera spinifera has sometimes been used only to designate populations east of the Mississippi Populations, while populations west of the Mississippi have been designated Apalone spinifera hartwegi. The subspecific name hartwegi is in honor of Dr. Norman Edouard Hartweg (1904-1964), who was a specialist in turtles and professor of zoology at the University of Michigan. While some morphological differences exist between northeastern and northwestern populations, a phylogeographic study found little genetic support for a distinction between eastern and western populations and recommended both groups be simply referred to as northern spiny softshell turtles. This designation is currently recognized in the most up-to-date taxonomic checklist.
References
External links
Turtle Field Guide: Spiny Softshell Subspecies
Further reading
Conant R, Goin CJ (1948). "A New Subspecies of Soft-shelled Turtle from the Central United States, with Comments on the Application of the Name Amyda ". Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan (510): 1-19. (Amyda spinifera hartwegi, new subspecies).
Apalone
Turtles of North America
Reptiles of the United States
Fauna of the Plains-Midwest (United States)
Fauna of the Western United States
Fauna of California
Fauna of the Great Plains | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern%20spiny%20softshell%20turtle |
Samuel Steinberg, (December 25, 1905 – May 24, 1978) was a Hungarian-born Canadian businessman, investor and philanthropist. He was an immigrant to Canada who transformed the grocery store founded by his mother, Steinberg's Supermarket, into one of the largest chains in the Province of Quebec. By the time of his death in 1978, Steinberg's was the largest supermarket chain in Quebec.
Life and career
When he was four years old, Steinberg's family immigrated to Canada and settled in Montreal, where his mother opened a small grocery store. In 1934, Steinberg opened his first self-service grocery supermarket in the city. A visionary, he transformed food retailing through mass merchandising, mechanization, and personnel management that included a bilingualism policy for all company employees. By the end of the 1950s, his stores were a dominant force throughout the Province of Quebec, and in 1959 expanded into the province of Ontario with the acquisition of 38 Grand Union stores. Steinberg would drive around the city, size up an area very quickly, acquire a property, and build a store on the site. He later set up Ivanhoe Investments.
Steinberg married his cousin Helen (née Roth) in 1929. The couple funded a number of philanthropic causes including The Pavilion of Judaism at Expo 67, the Helen & Sam Steinberg Foundation's Geriatric Day Hospital, the Family Career Scientist Award and the Sam Steinberg Award For Young Jewish Entrepreneur of the Year given by the Jewish Chamber of Commerce of Montreal.
Steinberg was made an Officer of the Order of Canada and inducted into the Canadian Business Hall of Fame for his contribution to the Canadian economy. He was the subject of a 1974 National Film Board of Canada documentary, After Mr. Sam, which explored the issue of his impending retirement and his replacement.
Steinberg died from heart failure ailment on May 24, 1978 at the age of 72 after being taken to the hospital the same day. He was survived by three daughters: Marilyn (died 2022), Evelyn (died 1993) and Mitzi (died 2019). Steinberg's second-born daughter, Rita, died in 1970. Disagreement among the daughters led to the sale of the family business in 1989, and the Steinberg family name disappeared from the stores in 1992. Helen Steinberg died in 2007 at the age of 98, and she was buried next to her husband in Montreal's Shaar Hashomayim Cemetery in Mount Royal.
See also
H. Arnold Steinberg (nephew)
List of grocers
Notes
Further reading
Book: Ann Gibbon and Peter Hadekel, Steinberg: The Breakup of a Family Empire (1990).
1905 births
1978 deaths
Anglophone Quebec people
Businesspeople from Montreal
Canadian financiers
Canadian grocers
Canadian investors
Canadian people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
Canadian real estate businesspeople
Canadian retail chief executives
Emigrants from Austria-Hungary to Canada
Hungarian Jews
Jewish Canadian philanthropists
Officers of the Order of Canada
20th-century Canadian philanthropists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20Steinberg |
The Guadalupe spiny softshell turtle (Apalone spinifera guadalupensis) is a subspecies of soft-shelled turtle native to the United States, in the state of Texas. Their range is limited only to the Nueces and Guadalupe rivers, and their immediate tributaries.
References
External links
Turtle Field Guide: Spiny Softshell Subspecies
Apalone
Endemic fauna of Texas
Turtles of North America
Guadalupe River (Texas)
Nueces River
Reptiles of the United States
Reptiles described in 1962
Taxa named by Robert G. Webb
Taxobox trinomials not recognized by IUCN | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe%20spiny%20softshell%20turtle |
3 Count Bout is a wrestling arcade game released by SNK in 1993.
Gameplay
Players can play as one of 10 fictional professional wrestlers to fight for the SWF championship title. Along with the standard wrestling match, fights locations include venues such as car parks and factories (turning it into a hardcore wrestling match, with less restrictions and the ability to use weapons). In addition to that, two players can join in together for two-on-two tag-team matches.
A feature of this game is its system. Gauges are displayed on the screen when you approach an opponent's wrestler during the match. The player can give priority to the technique by hitting the button repeatedly until the gauge meter is higher than the opponent's. Additionally, there are dashing techniques from a long distance, aerial killing from the top rope, promised foul attack, and middle distance batting techniques. Not only ordinary classic match rings venues are available, but also the street can be a match location as well.
The game consists of 5 championships with their own stages. The first stage type is a wrestling ring where the opponents can bounce from the edges and can be out of bounds. The second stage type is street wrestling, where there are objects to destroy and weapons to wield. The last stage is the electricity stage where the borders are harmful and weapons are used. Press the A button to punch. Press the B button to kick. Press the C button to jump. Press the A and B buttons simultaneously for a quick moving retreat. Pull the joystick twice in a direction to rush that way. If the player rushes in the direction of a boxing ring edge, they can bounce back. If the player is down, repeatedly press the A button and pull the joystick left and right to get up. Press the C button to body drop on a downed opponent. Press the A button many times rapidly to use a special attack. Press Button A or B on a downed opponent to grab and wrestle. When the player and opponent clash in a wrestle, press the A and B buttons as fast as possible to push back. Press Button D to pin down a downed opponent and hold him for 3 seconds to win. Alternatively, some fighters have holds which can force an opponent with low stamina to submit.
Story
SWF (SNK Wrestling Federation) is an organization that stands at the top of the professional wrestling world. The SWF decided to hold the "Worldwide Indiscriminate Class Tournament". The tournament is to determine the "true world champion" and allows the world's most powerful wrestlers to freely participate in the indiscriminate class with no weight limit. Moreover, the tournament incorporates a radical deathmatch, which seems to be the most severe battle in the history of professional wrestling.
Powerful people from all over the world entered, including the current SWF heavyweight champion and some ferocious wrestlers from the dark underground professional wrestling organization "Hole of the Lion".
Development and release
The game was released for the Neo Geo AES on April 23, 1993 and was later ported to the Neo Geo CD on April 21, 1995. 3 Count Bout was released for PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Switch on October 11, 2018.
Reception
In Japan, Game Machine listed 3 Count Bout on their May 1, 1993 issue as being the tenth most-popular arcade game at the time. In North America, RePlay reported 3 Count Bout to be the fourth most-popular arcade game in April 1993. The following month, RePlay listed it as the top-grossing arcade software conversion kit, while Play Meter listed 3 Count Bout as the 47th most-popular arcade game.
The game received generally positive reception from critics since its release in arcades and other platforms. AllGames Paul Biondich noted its attempt at mixing of fighting styles from game such as WWF WrestleFest and Street Fighter II, however, Kyle Knight stated that 3 Count Bout has an "identity crisis" due to this and regarded the controls as decent during fighting mode but poorly implemented during wrestling mode. Both Biondich and Knight felt mixed in regards to the audiovisual presentation, gameplay and overall replay value. In contrast, Consoles Plus Marc Menier and Jean-Loup Jovanovic praised the presentation, visuals, sprite animations, sound design, playability and two-player mode. However, GameFans four reviewers commended the graphical presentation but criticized the limited sprite animation, controls and gameplay mechanics, with Sgt. Gamer in particular recommending to play the title in arcades rather than on AES.
GamePros Scary Larry praised the visuals for being up to standards on Neo Geo and sound design but criticized the controls for being stiff and difficult opponent AI. Hobby Consolas Manuel del Campo highly commended the film-like presentation, music and sound effects but criticized one aspect of its playability and noted the high difficulty level on the easiest setting. Likewise, Joypads Nourdine Nini and Jean-François Morisse gave positive remarks to the number of moves for each character, graphics, animations controls and sound design but criticized the gameplay for being repetitive. In a similar manner as Larry, Mega Funs Philipp Noak and Ulf Schneider criticized the AI opponent for being unfair but gave positive comments to the technical presentation, number of moves and two-player mode.
Player Ones Christophe Delpierre praised the animated visuals, sound, difficulty and longevity but felt mixed in regards to the gameplay. Computer+Videogiochis Paolo Cardillo and Consolemanias Piemarco Rosa also praised the animated graphics, audio, gameplay and number of moves but Cardillo criticized the game's originality, while Rosa criticized certain gameplay aspects and longevity. Play Times Armin Thielen highly commended the title for the technical and audiovisual presentation, as well as its difficulty level. A reviewer of Dutch magazine Power Unlimited reviewed the AES version in a negative light, stating that "The sounds and images may be beautiful, what good is it if the game is unplayable? 3 Count Bout feels like it's impossible to win, and of course you shouldn't have it." VideoGames Chris Bieniek criticized the method of executing special moves.
Notes
References
External links
3 Count Bout at Giant Bomb
3 Count Bout at Killer List of Videogames
3 Count Bout at MobyGames
1993 video games
ACA Neo Geo games
Arcade video games
D4 Enterprise games
Fighting games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Neo Geo games
Neo Geo CD games
Nintendo Switch games
PlayStation Network games
PlayStation 4 games
Xbox One games
Professional wrestling games
SNK games
Video games scored by Masahiko Hataya
Virtual Console games
Windows games
Video games developed in Japan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3%20Count%20Bout |
The Texas spiny softshell turtle (Apalone spinifera emoryi) is a subspecies of the spiny softshell turtle in the family Trionychidae. The subspecies is native to the southwestern United States and adjacent northeastern Mexico.
Etymology
The subspecific name, emoryi, is in honor of United States Army officer and surveyor William Hemsley Emory.
Geographic range
A. s. emoryi is found in western Texas and New Mexico, in the Rio Grande and its immediate tributaries, and in the Mexican states of Coahuila and Tamaulipas.
References
Further reading
Agassiz L (1857). Contributions to the Natural History of the United States of America. Vol. I. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. li + 452 pp. (Aspidonectes emoryi, new species, pp. 407–408).
Boulenger GA (1889). Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). New Edition. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). x + 311 pp. + Plates I–III. (Trionyx emoryi, p. 258).
Powell R, Conant R, Collins JT 2016). Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. xiv + 494 pp., 47 color plates, 207 figures. . (Apalone spinifera emoryi, p. 233).
Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. (paperback), (hardcover). (Trionyx spiniferus emoryi, pp. 32–33).
Stebbins RC (2003). A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, Third Edition. The Peterson Field Guide Series ®. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. xiii + 533 pp., 56 color plates. . (Trionyx spiniferus emoryi, p. 262).
External links
Turtle Field Guide: Spiny Softshell Subspecies
Apalone
Turtles of North America
Reptiles of the United States
Fauna of the Southwestern United States
Fauna of the Rio Grande valleys
Taxa named by Louis Agassiz | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas%20spiny%20softshell%20turtle |
The Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority or GBRA was formed in 1933 by the Texas legislature. Its main concerns are water supply and water conservation in the Guadalupe River Basin, which includes the Blanco, Comal, and San Marcos rivers. The authority extends over ten counties. The general offices of the authority are located at 933 East Court Street in Seguin.
Dams and reservoirs
The GBRA currently operates dams that form seven reservoirs along the Guadalupe River in Texas:
Lake Dunlap
Lake Gonzales
Lake McQueeney
Meadow Lake
Lake Placid
Lake Wood
Other reservoirs managed by the GBRA include:
Coleto Creek Reservoir
References
See also
Upper Guadalupe River Authority
List of Texas river authorities
Public utilities established in 1933
Guadalupe River (Texas)
River authorities of Texas
Water companies of the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe-Blanco%20River%20Authority |
The Gulf Coast spiny softshell turtle (Apalone spinifera aspera), a subspecies in the Trionychidae family of softshell turtles, is endemic to the south-eastern United States.
Geographic range
Gulf coast spiny soft shell turtles are found along the Gulf of Mexico from North Carolina to Mississippi. They live in temperate climates in freshwater biomes.
Description
Apalone spinifera aspera differs from other subspecies of Apalone spinifera in having two or more black lines running along the posterior border of the carapace. It also has scattered ocelli or ring-shaped spots on the carapace, which may be obscure in adult females. The edges of the carapace are soft with small spines. The head and neck usually have yellow and brown stripes and spot-like markings that lead up to a long upward pointed nose. The underbelly is whitish or yellow with bones visible underneath. The body is olive or tan with black speckles and a dark rim around the edge of their shell. Adult males have olive and yellow coloration on their carapaces, with black "eyespots", and a thicker tail than females. Males are also smaller than females, with a shell length of 12.7 to 24 cm. Females are 24 to 48 cm in length, with a dark carapace and a small tail that doesn't go beyond the edge of their carapace. Their feet are webbed for swimming, with their toes ending in claws. Large females can live upwards of 50 years.
Habitat
Gulf coast spiny soft shell turtles inhabit various freshwater sources such as rivers, lakes, marshes, farm ponds, as well as bays of larger lakes. They prefer open habitats with a small amount of vegetation and a sandy or muddy bottom. They require sandy raised nesting areas close to water.
Behavior
These turtles are diurnal animals, spending most of the day basking in the sun and foraging for food. They are often seen sunning themselves on logs, river banks, or lake shores. If disturbed, they will quickly retreat into the water and bury themselves in sand, leaving only their heads visible. Like most turtles, they are able to breathe underwater for extended periods of time. They will spend the colder months underwater, buried in the mud or sand in a state of dormancy. When bothered, spiny softshell turtles will extend their long necks and snap viciously at their attacker, inflicting a painful bite.
Diet
Spiny softshell turtles are carnivores preying mostly on invertebrates, such as, crayfish and aquatic insects. When they are large enough they will occasionally prey upon small fish. They find their food underneath rocks, logs, branches, along the floor of lakes, rivers, and streams, and in vegetation. They will sometimes hide in the floor substrate and ambush prey as it swims by.
Predators
Spiny softshell turtles have few natural predators including, large predatory fish, raccoons, herons, skunks, red foxes, and occasionally humans. Their nests are often destroyed by raccoons, skunks, and foxes. Young softshell turtles are eaten by raccoons, herons, and large fish; adults, on the other hand, are killed and eaten only by humans. Being shy creatures they will quickly dive and hide under mud and sand to avoid predators.
References
Bibliography
Turtle Field Guide: Spiny Softshell Subspecies
Apalone
Turtles of North America
Reptiles of the Caribbean
Reptiles of the United States
Biota of the Gulf of Mexico
Fauna of the Southeastern United States
Gulf Coast of the United States
Endemic reptiles of the United States
Least concern biota of the United States
Taxa named by Louis Agassiz | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf%20Coast%20spiny%20softshell%20turtle |
F/X2 (also known as F/X2: The Deadly Art of Illusion) is a 1991 American action thriller film directed by Richard Franklin and starring Bryan Brown and Brian Dennehy. It is a sequel to the 1986 film F/X, and follows special effects expert Ronald "Rollie" Tyler and former NYPD detective Leo McCarthy as they investigate the suspicious death of one of Rollie's friends.
F/X2 was Franklin's final American film before he returned to his native Australia. It was released to mixed reviews and was a moderate box office success, earning $21.1 million on a budget of $18 million.
Plot
In New York City, respected special effects expert Ronald "Rollie" Tyler is contacted by his girlfriend Kim's ex-husband, NYPD detective Mike Brandon, to help apprehend a murderer targeting models who was arrested previously but served a reduced sentence and could strike again. The trap involves luring the murderer to the apartment of a model, where Mike will arrest him. Rollie sets up the trap and watches using hidden cameras, but Mike is suddenly killed by an unidentified assailant in the apartment, while Mike's superior Ray Silak shoots the model murderer. Silak is confident there were only two people in the apartment, but Rollie remains suspicious. He leaves a hidden camera in the apartment and contacts his friend, former detective Leo McCarthy, for help.
The next day, Rollie, Kim, and Kim's son Chris go to Mike's house to collect personal items. They find the house being searched by police, including Silak, who gives Rollie his hidden camera, suggests the killer was a cop, and asks if Mike mentioned any old cases he was working on. Suspicious of Silak's questions and suspecting Mike was set up, Rollie drives Kim and Chris to her sister's house for their safety and goes home to look through the camera footage. He sees Silak planting evidence to frame the model murderer for Mike's death, but is suddenly confronted by the killer, who demands the recording. Rollie uses Bluey, a robot clown controlled by a telemetry suit, to fight the killer before Leo can arrive to rescue Rollie, but the killer escapes.
At Leo's bar, Rollie explains the situation, and Leo deduces that Silak is interested in an unsolved case that Mike was working on in his spare time. Leo asks his old police contact Velez to go through Mike's cases, while Rollie wiretaps Silak's phone and intercepts a call to Neely, an inmate he has supplied a testimony to in exchange for information. Leo alerts his old friend Assistant District Attorney Liz Kennedy to the testimony's origins, and visits Neely in prison, where he is visiting the bedside of a dying old inmate named Carl Becker. Becker had famously stolen solid gold coins that were cast by Michelangelo depicting the bronze figures in the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, which were never found when he was arrested. Leo informs Rollie, who remembers a floppy disk of Chris's video games also had a file named "Becker". Rollie calls Chris and learns that Kim went to work despite the unsafe circumstances. Rollie leaves to find Kim while Leo arranges for Chris to send the file to Velez by modem, the nearest one being at the mall. At the mall, Chris sends the file and is met by Kim, but also the killer, who threatens her. Leo and Velez examine the file and find a name, "Samson", while Rollie arrives at the mall and flees with them to the mall's supermarket, where he uses various items and a meat packaging machine to incapacitate the killer. Leo takes Velez for a celebratory dinner in Chinatown, but Velez is killed in a drive-by shooting; meanwhile, Neely coerces Becker to give up the location of the coins. Velez's shooter, a hired thug, is questioned and reveals Silak has booked a helicopter for the weekend. As Leo visits Liz to convince her to help them apprehend Silak, Rollie surveils Neely and Silak as they retrieve the coins at a cathedral.
That weekend, Neely and Silak meet at a mansion with a buyer and authenticator from the Mafia, who plan to return the coins to the Vatican. Meanwhile, Rollie uses special effects to dispatch the guards. Leo and Liz arrive and Leo gives her a gun, but he is disarmed by Liz, revealed to be an associate; he attempts to talk her down, but she panics and shoots him, and Neely takes her gun. Suddenly, explosions occur outside that set a guard ablaze. Neely and Silak grab the money and the coins from the guard and run to the helicopter, and Neely tries to double-cross and shoot Silak, but he finds Liz's gun is loaded with blanks, and is shot and killed by Silak. As Rollie (disguised as the burned guard, covered in firesafe gel) prepares to pursue Silak's helicopter in a boat, an unharmed Leo gets up and reveals he had discovered her involvement in the scheme when he saw her cat's name, Samson, and which was confirmed when the backup he told her to call never arrived. As police arrive at the scene, Leo and Rollie board the boat and pursue Silak.
In the helicopter, Silak notices the helicopter flying haphazardly and realizes the pilot is Bluey, who promptly lets go of the controls and leaps from the helicopter carrying the coins and the money. Rollie and Leo recover Bluey, the money, and the coins from the water, and as they discuss what to do with the money, Leo explains the Mafia's intentions with the coins to Rollie. The pair ultimately decide to return the coins themselves at a church in Rome.
Cast
Bryan Brown as Roland "Rollie" Tyler
Brian Dennehy as Leo McCarthy
Rachel Ticotin as Kim Brandon
Joanna Gleason as Assistant District Attorney Liz Kennedy
Philip Bosco as Lieutenant Ray Silak
Kevin J. O'Connor as Matt Neely
Tom Mason as Mike Brandon
Dominic Zamprogna as Chris Brandon, Mike's son
Josie de Guzman as Marisa Velez
John Walsh as Rado
Peter Boretski as Carl Becker
Lisa Fallon as Kylie
Lee Broker as DeMarco
Philip Akin as Detective McQuay
Tony De Santis as Detective Santoni
James Stacy as The Cyborg
Production
Filming took place in Toronto. Vic Armstrong was called in to direct the last few weeks. He said Franklin "had some kind of personal problems going on, but I think there was a lot of stuff happening behind the scenes that I didn't know about."
Reception
The film debuted at number #1 at the box office, but was not as successful as its predecessor. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a "rotten" score of 41% from 17 reviews.
Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times commented that "'FX2' is more elaborate [than the original], especially in its gadgetry, and at times more improbable than the original, but it’s just as much fun, largely because Brian Dennehy’s veteran Irish cop now gets equal screen time with Brown." Stephen Holden of The New York Times opined that "as long as it is fixated on gadgetry, 'FX2' is reasonably entertaining. But when the movie focuses on plot and character, it turns quite dotty in an amiable way. The story is as far-fetched as it is tortuous and deals with police corruption, the theft of some priceless gold coins, relations between the Mafia and the Vatican, and a boy's computer software. It also involves two double crosses, neither of which comes as much of a surprise. At the end of the movie, loose ends are dangling everywhere."
Paul Willistein of The Morning Call of Allentown, Pennsylvania dismissed the film as "kiddie fare, lacking the intelligence and wit of the original with plot holes so big the real special effect here will be holding the audience's attention span." Roger Ebert gave the film two stars out of four and said, "There should be a special category for movies that are neither good nor bad, but simply excessive. [...] F/X 2 is actually the kind of movie that rewards inattention. Sit quietly in the theater and watch it, and you will be driven to distraction by its inconsistencies and loopholes. But watch it on video, paying it half a mind, and you might actually find it entertaining."
References
External links
1990 films
1990 action thriller films
American action thriller films
American action comedy films
American independent films
American sequel films
1990s English-language films
Orion Pictures films
Films directed by Richard Franklin (director)
Films scored by Lalo Schifrin
Films with screenplays by Bill Condon
1990s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F/X2 |
Barenaked Ladies Are Men (sometimes abbreviated BLAMen or Are Men) is the eighth full-length original-material studio album by Barenaked Ladies, and the second release of material from the 29-song session that bore the companion album Barenaked Ladies Are Me. The two albums (or at least their material) were released together under the Are Me title in several "deluxe" release methods before Are Men received its own proper official release in February 2007. In this way, Are Me and Are Men together may be considered the band's seventh full-length original-material studio album. The album's artwork was created by Team Macho who also did similar artwork for the Are Me releases. The title is an extension of the Are Me title. During touring for the two albums, a pre-show video showed an unidentified hand adding various other extensions to the Barenaked Ladies Are Me title.
The formal release of the album is an Enhanced CD, and contains software and individual tracks that allow the owner to remix three of the band's songs. An advanced release of the album, exclusive to Canadian Starbucks, was released on October 3, 2006. This version lacked the Enhanced CD feature, as well as final four tracks, which at the time were deemed "bonus tracks" for the Are Me release, both in its single-album form, and its 25-track deluxe form. The Starbucks version, however, included the two singles at the time from Are Me.
Upon its release, Barenaked Ladies Are Men reached No. 102 in the US and No. 39 in the band's native Canada.
Are Men is the second full-length release by the Barenaked Ladies on their own record label. It is also the final studio album by the band to feature Steven Page before his departure in February 2009.
Critical reception
AllMusic called the album "just a bit more energized" than its companion album, saying it had "just a bit more wit, sparkle, and pop." They also stated that Are Men had more memorable hooks than Are Me and that, when viewed together with Are Me, "Barenaked Ladies Are Me and Barenaked Ladies Are Men should not only stand as a creative high point for the Canadian rockers, but a truly superb would-be double-album." The album was given a 4 out of 5 stars score by AllMusic reviewer Matt Collar.
Hybrid Magazine, however, called the release a "largely a by-the-books, forgettable Barenaked Ladies album that rarely recalls the more accomplished work in the band's back catalog." They disliked Steven Page's vocals, saying that without them the album lacked an "emotional undercurrent", and that even when Page is at his best on the album, the compositions seem "mechanical". Hybrid finished by describing the album as "the sound of a group of musicians having fun and enjoying their time out of the limelight."
Track listing
Personnel
Barenaked Ladies
Steven Page – vocals, guitars
Ed Robertson – vocals, guitars
Jim Creeggan – bass, vocals
Tyler Stewart – drums, percussion
Kevin Hearn – keyboards, piano, vocals
Additional personnel
Rob Carli – clarinet, saxophone, sax (tenor), horn arrangements
Bob Clearmountain – mixing
Jim Creeggan – engineer
Paul Forgues – engineer
Kevin Hearn – engineer
Bob Ludwig – mastering
Terry Promane – trombone
Susan Rogers – engineer
Keith Rudyk – assistant engineer
Kevin Turcotte – trumpet
Charts
References
External links
Barenaked Ladies albums
2007 albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barenaked%20Ladies%20Are%20Men |
A public policy school is typically a university program, institution, or professional school that teaches students policy analysis, program evaluation, policy studies, public policy, political economy, urban planning, public administration, international relations, security studies, nonprofit studies-nonprofit management, political science, urban studies, intelligence studies, global studies, emergency management, public affairs and/or public management. Public policy schools typically train students in two streams. The more practical stream treats the master's degree as a terminal degree, which trains students to work as policy analysts or practitioners in governments, government relations, think tanks, business-to-government marketing/sales, and consulting firms. A more theoretical stream aims to train students who are aiming to go on to complete doctoral studies (e.g., a PhD), with the goal of becoming professors of public policy, political science in general, or researchers.
Public policy schools offer a wide range of public policy degrees. At the undergraduate level, universities, especially research-intensive universities may offer a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science degree with majors or concentrations in public policy, public administration, political science, international relations, policy studies or any other differently named but content-wise identical major or concentration. These undergraduate degrees are typically offered by a university's public administration or political science faculties whether it be part of a public policy school or a college of arts and sciences. Well known Master's degrees within this academic field include the Master of Public Policy (MPP), the Master of Public Administration (MPA), the Master of Public Affairs (MPAff), the Master of Public Service (MPS), the Master of Urban Planning (MUP) , the Master of International Affairs (MIA), and Master of Arts or Master of Sciences in International Relations, Political Science, or International Security, or other sub-fields of political science. Schools with an international and interdisciplinary focus may award a Master of Arts degree in International Policy Studies. Some schools teaching nonprofit studies as its own field of study may offer a Master of Nonprofit Organizations or a Master of Public Administration in Nonprofit Management. Some schools also offer Executive Master's Degrees in the same topics for mid-career individuals and a Master of Professional Studies degree to signify that the education takes an applied rather than theoretical approach. Doctoral degrees include PhDs in public policy, policy studies and public administration, or in political science with a concentration in any of the aforementioned sub-fields, as well as the Doctor of Public Administration (DPA). Some schools offer relatively short-duration certificate programs aimed at working policy analysts, government managers, public executives, or any other working professional who needs this education regardless of employment sector.
In North America, students typically pursue a graduate public policy degree after having completed an undergraduate degree, either in a public administration or political science field. Some programs admit students with any undergraduate degree; however, students without a background in public administration or political science may be required to do qualifying courses in these areas. Some universities allow students to complete both degrees concurrently. North American public policy programs are generally located in an autonomous graduate or professional school within a larger university, while at others combine both graduate and undergraduate programs into a single semi-autonomous constituent college.
Curriculum
Most public policy and administration programs combine elements of political science, economics, statistics, law mostly in the form of public law, administrative law, and Legal management (academic discipline), international relations (including international law), international development, public finance, leadership studies, ethics, sociology, comparative research, global studies, urban planning, urban studies, nonprofit studies, public policy, public administration, policy analysis, and program evaluation. More recently, public policy schools have applied quantitative analysis, management information systems, data science and analytics, organizational behavior, organization development, knowledge management, project management, political communication, political psychology, criminology and the sociology of law, philosophy (in particular political philosophy), peace and conflict studies, geography and geographic information science, intelligence studies, emergency management, cross-cultural studies, public health, environmental science and environmental studies, business administration, civil engineering, industrial engineering, systems engineering, human resource management, and operations research as part of their public policy and administration education programs to tackle issue in the public sector, the non-profit sector, or the government relations, regulatory affairs, business-to-government marketing/sales industry in the private sector.
While degrees in Public Policy and Public Administration at most universities are generally taught at the graduate level (master's and PhD), some undergraduate degree program majors, concentrations, and minors either as standalone degrees or as concentrations within a degree in political science or international relations still exist, especially at research universities where research, graduate, and undergraduate faculty overlap and/or have close cooperation unlike liberal arts colleges (particularly liberal arts colleges in the United States) that focus on the more theoretical and philosophical sides of political science rather than the applied and administrative side of political science.
Admission
Undergraduate level admissions are comparable to other undergraduate programs, but this may vary between educational institutions due to conflict between the demand for admission and supply of seats.
On the graduate-level, in contrast to many other graduate-level programs, applicants with various, sometimes unrelated, educational backgrounds can be admitted to public policy schools. Applicants' backgrounds can range from programs which have a significant content overlap, such as public administration, economics and political science, to undergraduate majors that are related, such as the social sciences, to undergraduate programs which may have little content overlap (e.g., physical sciences and engineering). Students without an undergraduate major in a related field may be required to complete qualifying undergraduate courses in public policy. Admissions requirements, including standardized testing requirements, vary widely. Some schools have a second language requirement due to their global orientation. In the United States, applicants for post-graduate programs must have graduated with a bachelor's degree from an accredited university and are generally required to take the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). Many schools also accept the Law School Admission Test (LSAT) or the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) in lieu of the GRE.
Notable institutions
North America
Canada
Balsillie School of International Affairs, a joint initiative between CIGI, University of Waterloo, and Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario
Master of Public Service at University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
Norman Paterson School of International Affairs at Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario
University of Ottawa's Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, Ottawa, Ontario
The School of Public Policy and Global Affairs at University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
The Max Bell School of Public Policy at McGill University, Montréal, Quebec
The School of Policy Studies at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario
The School of Public Policy at the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
School of Public Administration at Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
Master in Public Policy and Public Administration (MPPPA), Department of Political Science at Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec
Department of Political Science at the , Montréal, Quebec
Master of Public Affairs, Department of Political Science at , Québec City, Quebec
at the , Québec City, Quebec
Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy at the University of Saskatchewan and the University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan
The Glendon School of Public and International Affairs at York University, Toronto, Ontario
Department of Politics and Public Administration at Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario
The School of Public Policy at Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia
The School of Public Administration at the University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia
United States
Public policy schools in the United States tackle policy analysis differently. The Harris School of Public Policy Studies at the University of Chicago has a more quantitative and economics approach to policy, the Heinz College at Carnegie Mellon uses computational and technology-driven methods, while the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University has a more political science and leadership based approach. The Indiana University School of Public and Environmental Affairs provides traditional public policy training with multidisciplinary concentrations available in the environmental sciences and nonprofit management. Moreover, the University of Illinois at Chicago offers public policy training that emphasizes the stages of decision-making in formulating policy (e.g. agenda setting), as well as the importance of framing effects and cognitive limits in policy formation.
Schools of public policy that have met professional standards of education and quality in the United States are accredited by the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration (NASPAA):
The Carsey School of Public Policy at the University of New Hampshire
Johns Hopkins Institute for Policy Studies and Graduate Program in Public Management at Johns Hopkins University
Princeton School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University
McCourt School of Public Policy at Georgetown University
Ford Dorsey Master's in International Policy at Stanford University
John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University
School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University
School of International Service and School of Public Affairs at American University
Institute for Public Affairs at Cornell University
Harris School of Public Policy Studies at the University of Chicago
Goldman School of Public Policy at the University of California, Berkeley
Luskin School of Public Affairs at the University of California, Los Angeles
Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service at New York University
Robert M. La Follette School of Public Affairs at the University of Wisconsin–Madison
Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy at the University of Michigan
Harry S Truman School of Public Affairs at the University of Missouri
Daniel J. Evans School of Public Affairs at the University of Washington
Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy at Rutgers University
UCR School of Public Policy at the University of California, Riverside
Center for Public Administration and Policy at Virginia Tech
Andrew Young School of Policy Studies at Georgia State University
Fels Institute of Government at the University of Pennsylvania
Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy at the University of Virginia
Schar School of Policy and Government at George Mason University
H. John Heinz III College of Information Systems and Public Policy at Carnegie Mellon University
Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs at the University of Minnesota
Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts at the Georgia Institute of Technology
O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University Bloomington
John Glenn School of Public Affairs at Ohio State University
Arkansas State University College of Liberal Arts and Communication
Frederick S. Pardee RAND Graduate School at the RAND Corporation
Lokey School of Business and Public Policy at Mills College
Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin
Martin School of Public Policy and Administration at the University of Kentucky
Master of Public Administration Program (UMPA) at the University of Miami
Marxe School of Public and International Affairs at Baruch College
Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban Affairs at Cleveland State University
Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University
Monterey Institute of International Studies at Middlebury College
Rockefeller College of Public Affairs and Policy at the University at Albany, SUNY
Sanford School of Public Policy at Duke University
School of Public Policy at the University of Massachusetts Amherst
Helms School of Government at Liberty University
Sol Price School of Public Policy at the University of Southern California
School of Public Policy at Oregon State University
The Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A&M University
Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration at The George Washington University
Clinton School of Public Service at the University of Arkansas
School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Georgia
Department of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County
School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park
School of Public Policy at Pepperdine University
University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public and International Affairs
School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs at Northeastern University
Mexico
Public Administration Division at Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, Mexico City
Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México, Mexico City
Center for International Studies at El Colegio de México, Mexico City
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City
National Institute of Public Administration, Mexico City
School of Government and Public Transformation at the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, campus Monterrey and Mexico City
Department of Social Sciences and Politics at Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City
South America
Brazil
FGV-EAESP, São Paulo
FGV-EBAPE, Rio de Janeiro
Professor Paulo Neves de Carvalho Government School, Belo Horizonte
Insper, São Paulo
Europe
In Europe, the LUISS School of Government offers a multidisciplinary approach to public policy combining economics, political science, new public management, and policy analysis, while the French institute of political studies Sciences Po complements these core disciplines with organizational sociology, human security, political economy, and leadership.
The European Commission through its Erasmus Mundus Programme has funded the Erasmus Mundus Master Program in Public Policy since 2007. This program brings together four leading policy-oriented schools in Eurorpe: The IBEI (Spain), Central European University (Hungary), the International Institute of Social Studies of the Erasmus University Rotterdam (The Netherlands) and the Department of Politics at the University of York (United Kingdom).
Czech Republic
Department of Public and Social Policy at Charles University in Prague
France
Institut d'études politiques de Paris or Sciences Po Paris
Institut d'études politiques de Strasbourg at Université de Strasbourg
Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux
Institut d'études politiques de Toulouse
Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble
Institut d'études politiques de Lyon
Institut d'études politiques d'Aix-en-Provence
Institut d'études politiques de Lille
Institut d'études politiques de Rennes
Institut d'études politiques de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Germany
Hertie School of Governance, Berlin
Department of Politics and Administration at University of Konstanz
Department of Political and Social Science at Freie Universität Berlin
Willy Brandt School of Public Policy, University of Erfurt
German University of Administrative Sciences, Speyer
NRW School of Governance, Duisburg
Bavarian School of Public Policy, Munich
Department of Politics, Administration & International Relations, Zeppelin University
Hungary
School of Public Policy at the Central European University, Budapest
Department of Public Policy and Management, Corvinus University of Budapest
Italy;
Luiss School of Government at Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli, Rome
Kazakhstan
Graduate School of Public Policy, at Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan
Netherlands
The Maastricht Graduate School of Governance at Maastricht University and the United Nations University
The International Institute of Social Studies at the Erasmus University Rotterdam
United Kingdom
Blavatnik School of Government and Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford
Department of Politics and International Studies at the University of Cambridge
Department of Politics and International Studies at the University of Warwick
Institute of Public Affairs at The London School of Economics and Political Science
School of Public Policy at the University College London
Faculty of Social Science & Public Policy at King's College London, University of London
School for Policy Studies at the University of Bristol
School of Government and International Affairs at Durham University
University of Edinburgh Academy of Government at the University of Edinburgh
The Centre for Financial and Management Studies, SOAS, University of London
School of Government and Public Policy at the University of Strathclyde
Department of Politics at the University of York
Russia
The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation
Spain
The IE School of Global and Public Affairs at IE University
Asia
Brunei Darussalam
Institute of Policy Studies at University of Brunei Darussalam
China
School of Government at Peking University
School of Public Policy and Management at Tsinghua University
India
Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Hyderabad.
National Law School of India University, Bangalore
School of International Relations and Politics, Mahatma Gandhi University
Jindal School of Government and Public Policy, Sonipat, Haryana
Management Development Institute, Gurugram
Ashank Desai Centre for Policy Studies, IIT Bombay
Indian School of Business, Hyderabad
School of Policy & Governance, Azim Premji University, Bangalore
Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi
Indian Institutes of Management
Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad
Indian Institute of Management Bangalore
Indian Institute of Management Calcutta
School of Public Policy and Governance, MDI Gurgaon
Institute of Rural Management Anand
National Law School of India University, Bangalore
School of Public Policy and Governance, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Hyderabad
School of Government and Public Affairs, Xavier University, Bhubaneswar
St. Xavier's College, Mumbai
TERI University, New Delhi
Faculty of planning, CEPT University, Ahmedabad
Central University of Rajasthan, Department of Public Policy, Law and Governance
Central University of Jammu, Department of Public Policy and Public Administration
Sri Sri University, Department of Good Governance and Public Policy, Cuttack, Odisha
University of Pertroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun
FMS-WISDOM, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan
Hong Kong
Department of Politics and Public Administration, Faculty of Social Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Israel
Federmann School of Public Policy and Government, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Japan
National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo
Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo
School of International and Public Policy, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo
Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Tokyo
Graduate School of Public Management, Waseda University, Tokyo
Graduate School of Public Policy, Chuo University, Tokyo
Graduate School of Public Policy and Social Governance, Hosei University, Tokyo
Graduate School of Governance Studies, Meiji University, Tokyo
School of Government, Kyoto University, Kyoto
Graduate School of Public Policy, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto
Graduate School of Policy and Management, Doshisha University, Kyoto
Graduate School of Policy Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto
The Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University, Osaka
Graduate School of Governance, Kansai University, Osaka
School and Graduate School of Public Studies, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyōgo Prefecture
Hokkaido University Public Policy School, Sapporo
School of Public Policy, Tohoku University, Sendai
Graduate School of Policy Studies, Chiba University of Commerce, Chiba
Graduate School of Policy Studies, Iwate Prefectural University, Iwate
Nepal
Tribhuvan University
Philippines
Ateneo School of Government at the Ateneo de Manila University
National College of Public Administration and Governance at University of the Philippines Diliman
College of Economics, Finance, and Politics at Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Qatar
Department of Public Policy in Islam at Qatar Faculty of Islamic Studies, Hamad Bin Khalifa University
Singapore
Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore
S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies at Nanyang Technological University
South Korea
KDI School of Public Policy and Management
Thailand
The School of Public Policy at Chiang Mai University
United Arab Emirates
Dubai School of Government, Dubai
Africa
Egypt
School of Global Affairs & Public Policy at the American University in Cairo
South Africa
The School of Government at the University of the Western Cape
Oceania
Australia
Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University
University of Queensland
Australia and New Zealand School of Government
University of Tasmania
Sir Walter Murdoch School of Public Policy and International Affairs, Murdoch University
See also
List of public administration schools
List of schools of international relations
References
Public policy research
Types of university or college
Schools of international relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20policy%20school |
Swedish band Tiger Lou was formed in Nyköping 2001 by Rasmus Kellerman. After several EPs, the first full-length album Is My Head Still On? was released in 2004 and was followed in 2005 with The Loyal. Rasmus Kellerman is also known as Araki.
On the albums Tiger Lou is a solo project with Kellerman writing lyrics and playing nearly every instrumental part himself. Live, however, he is backed up by Erik Welén (bass), Mathias Johansson(Guitar) and Pontus Levahn (Drums).
According to Kellerman, the name Tiger Lou is taken from a character called Tiger Lu in Corey Yuen's 1993 movie Fong Sai-yuk, although he says that "no one knows where the extra O came from" on the band's official site. Kellerman has said he even considered "Ben Parker," "Karl Kellerman," and "Boy Loves Boy," for band names, however, finally deciding on Tiger Lou after watching the film Fong Sai-yuk.
Rasmus Kellerman was married to Swedish singer-songwriter Andrea Kellerman, better known as Firefox AK. They have had multiple collaborations and two children. Amicably, they divorced in 2018.
In 2004, Tiger Lou was nominated "Newcomer of the Year" at the Swedish Alternative Music Awards manifest. Their music video for "Oh Horatio", directed by Magnus Renfors, was nominated for a Swedish Grammi in the "Best Video" category.
Discography
Albums
Is My Head Still On? (March 2004) – Startracks
The Loyal (October 2005) – Startracks
A Partial Print (October 2008) – Startracks
The Wound Dresser (September 2016) – Startracks
Acts (September 2023) – Startracks
EPs
Second Time Around (2001)
Trouble and Desire (2003)
Last Night ... (2004)
Gone Drifting (2008)
California Hauling (2015)
Singles
Oh Horatio (2004)
Sell Out (2004)
The War Between Us (2004)
The Loyal (2005)
Nixon (2006)
Until I'm There (2006)
Coalitions (2008)
Crushed By A Crowd (2008)
Homecoming #2 (2014)
Every Battle Alike (2017)
End Times (2022)
Reboot
On October 15, 2013, Kellerman announced on his website,
Tiger Lou then went to on play multiple shows live later that year.
On October 30, 2014, Tiger Lou released a single named, "Homecoming #2" accompanied by a music video directed by Peder Bergstrand from the band, I ARE DROID. Along with the "Homecoming #2" single, a new EP was planned for release towards the end of 2015 They then played live in, Hamburg, Leipzig and Berlin March 2015.
On October 16, 2015, Tiger Lou released their five track EP called, "California Hauling"; Limited to 700 copies on 12" Gatefold vinyl, and 700 copies on CD. They called it a, "wee pit stop" on the way to a full album. April 2016, Startracks began to re-release Tiger Lou, Araki, and Las Puertas albums on multiple mediums. Following the re-releases, Startracks announced the first single from their album, "The Wound Dresser" May 20, 2016 called, "Leap of Love."
On September 23, 2016 Tiger Lou released their fourth studio album titled, "The Wound Dresser". Stating in a Q&A video February 23, 2017 Rasmus Kellerman stated,
The band is set to release the single, "Every Battle Alike" April 22, 2017.
References
External links
Official website
Videointerview, "Nixon" and "The Loyal" live
www.RasmusKellerman.com
SOLID PR: Out Today! Paint It Black * 5ive * Hayaino Daisuki * Tiger Lou!
Review: Tiger Lou – Debaser Medis, Stockholm – Dec 21, 2013
Tiger Lou | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger%20Lou |
Orthotes ( "rightness") is a concept defined by Martin Heidegger as "an eye's correctness" or, the passage from the physical eyes to the eyes of the intellect. In his essay, "The End of Philosophy and the Task of Thinking," Heidegger distinguishes "orthotes" from his concept of "Aletheia" ("unconcealment"), describing it as "the correctness of representations and statements."
See also
Maat
Ṛta
References
Existentialist concepts
Martin Heidegger | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthotes |
The Afflicted are a punk band (also considered a skate punk band) based in San Francisco, California. They were active from 1982 to 1988, consisting of Dan Rancid (lead vocals and lyrics), Barry Wilder (guitar), Frankie John Lennon (bass), and Daryl Bach (drums). They gained popularity with a cult classic, "Here Come the Cops" (produced by Daniel Levitin) that was featured on the International P.E.A.C.E. Benefit Compilation, a hardcore punk collection released by R Radical Records. They released an LP in 1985, also produced by Levitin, Good News About Mental Health, on Infrasonic Records. The LP featured 11 songs including an updated version of "Here Come the Cops," and covers of Led Zeppelin's "Rock and Roll" and The Velvet Underground's "Sweet Jane", the latter of which reached the Top 10 for several weeks in 1986 on radio station KUSF. The album was named one of the Top 10 Records of 1985 by GQ Magazine. The group were featured for a short-time as recurring characters in the comic books series Nexus, beginning with issue 40 (January 1988). The Band Reunited for Spikefest in 2008 and are planning to tour in 2010.
The original/earliest lineup consisted of Dan Rancid (vocals), Casey Beer (guitar), Matt the Brat (bass) and Darrel Ick (drums). "Here Come the Cops" originated from these four.
External links
The Afflicted at Myspace
Punk rock groups from California
Musical groups from San Francisco | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Afflicted%20%28American%20band%29 |
4-D Warriors (4Dウォリアーズ) is a horizontally scrolling shooter arcade video game developed by Coreland and released by Sega in 1985.
Gameplay
The players take control of two jetpack-propelled space warriors who travel between parallel universes and worm holes (hence 4-D or 4 dimensions) throughout the game. Flying over the top of the play field will transport the players to an alternate universe. The players can travel back and forth defeating enemies until they reach a boss creature. On some occasions a worm hole will appear in the middle of the play field and the players are taken to even stranger worlds.
See also
Forgotten Worlds; another horizontally scrolling shooter arcade game with human protagonists.
References
4-D Warriors at Shmup.com
4-D Warriors at Arcade History
1985 video games
Arcade video games
Arcade-only video games
Sega System 1 games
Horizontally scrolling shooters
Sega arcade games
Video games developed in Japan
Banpresto games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-D%20Warriors |
The Minister for Defence of Sweden (; formal title: ) is a member of the Government of Sweden (). The Minister heads the Ministry for Defence and is appointed and dismissed at the sole discretion of the prime minister of Sweden.
Although the Minister for Defence heads the Ministry of Defence, the Minister cannot as a general rule issue directives in his/her own right to the Supreme Commander or any other agency director-general in the defence portfolio due to the Swedish prohibition on ministerial rule, unless such authority is provided for in specific statutory provisions.
Between 1840 and 1920, what corresponds to the Ministry for Defence today, was divided in two separate ministries with their own minister: one for Army affairs, the Ministry of Land Defence, and one for Naval affairs, the Ministry for Naval Affairs.
The current Minister for Defence is Pål Jonson, who was appointed on 18 October 2022.
List of Swedish Ministers for Defence
Ministers for War (1840-1920)
1840 - 1840 Bror Cederström (1780–1877)
1840 - 1843 Axel Otto Mörner (1774–1852)
1843 - 1844 Arfved Lovisin (1772–1847)
1844 - 1848 Gustaf Peyron (1783–1852)
1848 - 1853 Carl Ludvig von Hohenhausen (1787–1866)
1853 - 1858 Nils Gyldenstolpe (1799–1864)
1858 - 1862 Magnus Björnstjerna (1805–98)
1862 - 1867 Alexander Reuterskiöld (1804–91)
1867 - 1871 Gustaf Abelin (1819–1903)
1871 - 1877 Oscar Weidenhielm (1816–84)
1877 - 1880 Henrik Rosensvärd (1816–90)
1880 - 1882 Otto Taube (1832–1906)
1882 - 1887 Axel Ryding (1831–97)
1887 - 1888 Gustaf Oscar Peyron (1828–1915)
1888 - 1892 Hjalmar Palmstierna (1836–1909)
1892 - 1899 Axel Rappe (1838–1918)
1899 - 1903 Jesper Crusebjörn (1843–1904)
1903 - 1905 Otto Virgin (1852–1922)
1905 - 1907 Lars Tingsten (1857–1937), nonpolitical
1907 - 1907 Arvid Lindman (1862–1936), Rightist Party
1907 - 1911 Olof Malm (1851–1939), Rightist Party
1911 - 1914 David Bergström (1858–1946), Liberal
1914 - 1914 Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862–1953), nonpolitical
1914 - 1917 Emil Mörcke (1861–1951), nonpolitical
1917 - 1917 Joachim Åkerman (1868–1958), Rightist Party
1917 - 1920 Erik Nilson (1862–1925), Liberal
1920 - 1920 Per Albin Hansson (1885–1946), Social Democratic Party
Ministers for Naval Affairs (1840-1920)
1840 - 1844 Johan Lagerbjelke (1778–1856)
1844 - 1848 Carl August Gyllengranat (1787–1864)
1848 - 1849 Johan Fredrik Ehrenstam (1800–49)
1849 - 1852 Baltzar von Platen (1804–75)
1852 - 1857 Carl Ulner (1796–1859)
1857 - 1862 Carl Magnus Ehnemark (1803–74)
1862 - 1868 Baltzar von Platen (1804–75)
1868 - 1870 Magnus Thulstrup (1805–81)
1870 - 1874 Abraham Leijonhufvud (1823–1911)
1874 - 1880 Fredrik von Otter (1833–1910)
1880 - 1892 Carl-Gustaf von Otter (1827–1900)
1892 - 1898 Jarl Christersson (1833–1922)
1898 - 1901 Gerhard Dyrssen (1854–1938)
1901 - 1905 Louis Palander (1842–1920)
1905 - 1905 Arvid Lindman (1862–1936)
1905 - 1906 Ludvig Sidner (1851–1917), Liberal
1906 - 1907 Wilhelm Dyrssen (1858–1929), Rightist Party
1907 - 1910 Carl-August Ehrensvärd (1858–1933), Rightist Party
1910 - 1911 Henning von Krusenstierna (1862–1933), Rightist Party
1911 - 1914 Jacob Larsson (1851–1940), Liberal
1914 - 1917 Dan Boström (1870–1925), nonpolitical
1917 - 1917 Hans Ericson (1868–1945), Rightist Party
1917 - 1920 Erik Palmstierna (1877–1959), Social Democratic Party
1920 - 1920 Bernhard Eriksson (1878–1952), Social Democratic Party
Ministers for Defence (1920-)
Parties
Status
See also
Defence minister
Lord High Admiral of Sweden (historical antecedent)
Lord High Constable of Sweden (historical antecedent)
External links
www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/2060 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister%20of%20Defence%20%28Sweden%29 |
Nicergoline, sold under the brand name Sermion among others, is an ergot derivative used to treat senile dementia and other disorders with vascular origins. Internationally it has been used for frontotemporal dementia as well as early onset in Lewy body dementia and Parkinson's dementia. It decreases vascular resistance and increases arterial blood flow in the brain, improving the utilization of oxygen and glucose by brain cells. It has similar vasoactive properties in other areas of the body, particularly the lungs. Unlike many other ergolines, such as ergotamine, nicergoline is not associated with cardiac fibrosis.
It is used for vascular disorders such as cerebral thrombosis and atherosclerosis, arterial blockages in the limbs, Raynaud's disease, vascular migraines, and retinopathy.
Nicergoline has been registered in over fifty countries and has been used for more than three decades for the treatment of cognitive, affective, and behavioral disorders of older people.
Medical uses
Nicergoline is used in the following cases:
Acute and chronic cerebral metabolic-vascular disorders (cerebral arteriosclerosis, thrombosis and cerebral embolism, transitory cerebral ischaemia). Acute and chronic peripheral metabolic-vascular disorders (organic and functional arteriopathies of the limbs), Raynaud's disease and other syndromes caused by altered peripheral irrigation.
Migraines of vascular origin
Coadjutant therapy in clinical situations accompanied by platelet hyper-aggregability, arterial tension.
Corio-retinal vascular disorders: diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration and retinal angiosclerosis
Oto-vestibular problems of a vascular nature: dizziness, auditory hallucinations, hypoacusis.
Dosages for known conditions are usually administered at 5–10 mg three times a day, however anti-aging preventative purposes may want to consider 5 mg once or twice a day more adequate.
Contraindications
Persons suffering from acute bleeding, myocardial infarction (heart conditions), hypertension, bradycardia or using alpha or beta receptor agonists should consult with their physician before use.
Although toxicology studies have not shown nicergoline to have any teratogenic effect, the use of this medicine during pregnancy should be limited to those cases where it is absolutely necessary.
On 28 June 2013, the European Medicines Agency recommended restricting the use of medicines containing ergot derivatives, including nicergoline. They stated that "these medicines should no longer be used to treat several conditions involving blood circulation problems or problems with memory and sensation, or to prevent migraine headaches, since the risks are greater than the benefits in these indications. This is based on a review of data showing an increased risk of fibrosis (formation of excess connective tissue that can damage organs and body structures) and ergotism (symptoms of ergot poisoning, such as spasms and obstructed blood circulation) with these medicines. However, only a subset of ergolines are associated with fibrosis and evidence suggests that nicergoline does not carry the same fibrotic risk like other ergoline derivatives such as ergotamine.
Nicergoline is considered unsafe in porphyria.
Side effects
The side effects of nicergoline are usually limited to nausea, hot flushes, mild gastric upset, hypotension and dizziness. At high drug dosages, bradycardia, increased appetite, agitation, diarrhea and perspiration were reported. Most of the available literature suggests that the side effects of nicergoline are mild and transient.
Interactions
Nicergoline is known to enhance the cardiac depressive effects of propranolol. At high dosages, it is advisable to seek one's physician's guidance if combining with potent vasodilators such as bromocriptine, Ginkgo biloba, picamilon, vinpocetine or xantinol nicotinate.
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
Nicergoline is an ergot alkaloid derivative that acts as a potent and selective α1A-adrenergic receptor antagonist. The IC50 of nicergoline in vitro has been reported to be 0.2 nM. The primary action of nicergoline is to increase arterial blood flow by vasodilation. Furthermore, it is known that nicergoline inhibits platelet aggregation. Studies have shown that nicergoline also increases nerve growth factor in the aged brain. In addition to the α1A-adrenergic receptor, nicergoline is an antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor (IC50 = 6 nM) and shows moderate affinity for serotonin 5-HT2 and α2-adrenergic receptors and low affinity for the dopamine D1 and D2 and muscarinic acetylcholine M1 and M2 receptors. The major metabolites of nicergoline, MMDL and MDL, show low or no affinity for adrenergic, serotonin, dopamine, or acetylcholine receptors.
Society and culture
Generic names
Nicergoline is the generic name of the drug and its , , , and .
References
External links
5-HT1A antagonists
Alpha-1 blockers
Antidementia agents
Bromoarenes
Ethers
Ergolines
Nicotinate esters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicergoline |
The National Archives and Library of Ethiopia, located in Addis Ababa, is the national library and archives of the country. The library was inaugurated in 1944 by Emperor Haile Selassie and began service with books donated by the emperor.
Overview
In 1976, proclamation No. 50/76 gave the library the legal right to collect three copies of every material published in the country. In 1999, the library was reestablished by proclamation no. 179.1999 as a national institution, which resulted in structural changes and the mission to be one of the top five national libraries and archives in Africa by 2020. It is currently a unit of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
The archives was established in 1979, and its collection includes ancient and historical manuscripts written from as early as the 14th and 15th centuries. It started functioning with archives from the Ministry of the Grand Palace, Palace of the Crown Prince, and others. The archive includes letters written by several kings, empresses, and princes.
See also
Ethiopian historiography
Unesco Memory of the World Register – Africa
List of national archives
Notes
References
HRYÚKO, Katarzyna. 2007. An Outline of the National Archives and Library of Ethiopia. Aethiopica Vol. 10: 92–105.
WION, Anaïs, "The National Archives and Library of Ethiopia: six years of Ethio-French cooperation (2001-2006)", available on Open Archive Repository HAL-SHS and to be published in the Acts of the Enno Littmann Conference, Aksum, Dec. 2005.
Bibliography
(Includes information about the national library)
External links
Official website
Archives in Ethiopia
Ethiopian culture
Government of Ethiopia
Libraries in Ethiopia
Ethiopia
Ethiopia
Buildings and structures in Addis Ababa
Culture in Addis Ababa
Education in Addis Ababa
1944 establishments in Ethiopia
Libraries established in 1944
20th-century architecture in Ethiopia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Archives%20and%20Library%20of%20Ethiopia |
is a beat 'em up arcade game released by Jaleco in 1991.
Plot
The story starts out in a typical Double Dragon/Final Fight style setting at 64th Street with two protagonists: Rick (Anderson), a calm and intelligent, 35-year-old professional private detective and manager of the detective agency; and Allen (Tombs), a 19-year-old, reformed delinquent trained by Rick, who is "short-tempered and violent when angry". At the start of the plot, an evil corporation known as the Legacy organization, kidnapped the daughter of a mid-aged rich man and left him a letter explaining why they kidnapped her.
Late one night, before Rick and Allen was about to close their office, the mid-aged rich man rushed inside the office while being exhausted. He asked for help saving his daughter and gave the letter to Rick and Allen. The next day, Allen notices an advertisement in the classifieds with similar sentence structure to the letter left by the kidnappers. Allen couldn't understand it so easily, until Rick told him to look cautiously at both, the letter and the ad. They soon realised that the writing was actually a secret code, only understood by certain crime lords, so Rick and Allen struggled toward the main base of the Legacy organisation to find the truth and save the kidnapped daughter. The setting later takes on a steampunk feel as it goes along, coming to a head in a battle inside a blimp.
Gameplay
Players One and Two start with the two selectable protagonists, Rick and Allen. Each private detective uses different fighting styles, attempt to solve cases by beating up each criminal they encounter. Many special items can be found by throwing enemies into the background and breaking things, typical of this popular genre in the 1990s arcades. Along the way they are harangued by all manner of thugs and toughs, whose costumes range from 1980s hip-hop wear to stereotypical pirates. The bosses are tough by way of strange special attacks.
Legacy
64th Street spawned a series of beat 'em ups for the Nintendo Super Famicom titled Rushing Beat. The game's two protagonists later made a cameo appearance in another Jaleco game, Chimera Beast.
Further reading
Review on SlideToPlay.com
64th Street: A Detective Story – Rare Arcade Brawler Rereleases on iPhone and iPad on About.com's ClassicGames section
External links
Version on iTune by dotemu
64th Street: A Detective Story playable at the Internet Archive
References
1991 video games
Arcade video games
Arcade-only video games
Nintendo Switch games
PlayStation 4 games
Detective video games
Jaleco beat 'em ups
Video games developed in Japan
Video games set in 1939
Hamster Corporation games
Multiplayer and single-player video games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64th%20Street%3A%20A%20Detective%20Story |
Operation Masher, also known as Operation White Wing, (24 January—6 March 1966) was the largest search and destroy mission that had been carried out in the Vietnam War up until that time. It was a combined mission of the United States Army, Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), and Republic of Korea Army (ROK) in Bình Định Province on the central coast of South Vietnam. The People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) 3rd Division, made up of two regiments of North Vietnamese regulars and one regiment of main force Viet Cong (VC) guerrillas, controlled much of the land and many of the people of Bình Định Province, which had a total population of about 800,000. A CIA report in 1965 said that Binh Dinh was "just about lost" to the communists.
The name "Operation Masher" was changed to "Operation White Wing", because President Lyndon Johnson wanted the name changed to one that sounded more benign. Adjacent to the operational area of Masher/White Wing in Quang Ngai province the U.S. and South Vietnamese Marine Corps carried out a complementary mission called Operation Double Eagle.
The 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) was the principal U.S. ground force involved in Operation Masher and that operation was marked as a success by its commanders. Claims are made that the PAVN 3rd Division had been dealt a hard blow, but intelligence reports indicated that a week after the withdrawal of the 1st Cavalry PAVN soldiers were returning to take control of the area where Operation Masher had taken place. Most of the PAVN/VC had slipped away prior to or during the operation, and discrepancy between weapons recovered and body count led to criticisms of the operation.
Allegations that there were a reported six civilian casualties for every reported PAVN/VC casualty during the Fulbright Hearings prompted growing criticism of US conduct of the war and contributed to greater public dissension at home. During Operation Masher, the ROK Capital Division were alleged to have committed the Bình An/Tây Vinh massacre between 12 February and 17 March 1966, in which over 1,000 civilians were allegedly killed. The operation would create almost 125,000 homeless people in this province, and the PAVN/VC forces would reappear just months after the US had conducted the operation.
Background
Bình Định Province was a traditional communist and VC stronghold. Binh Dinh consisted of a narrow, heavily cultivated coastal plain with river valleys separated by ridges and low mountains reaching into the interior. The main effort of the campaign in Binh Dinh would come on the Bồng Sơn Plain and in the mountains and valleys that bordered it. The plain, a narrow strip of land starting just north of the town of Bồng Sơn, ran northward along the coast into I Corps. Rarely more than 25 km wide, it consisted of a series of small deltas, which often backed into gently rolling terraces some 30-90m in height, and, at irregular intervals, of a number of mountainous spurs from the highlands. These spurs created narrow river valleys with steep ridges that frequently provided hideouts for PAVN/VC units or housed PAVN/VC command, control and logistical centers. The plain itself was bisected by the east-west Lai Giang River, which was in turn fed by two others, the An Lao, flowing from the northwest and the Kim Son, flowing from the southwest. These two rivers formed isolated but fertile valleys west of the coastal plain. The climate in the region was governed by the northeast monsoon. The heaviest rains had usually ended by December, but a light steady drizzle, which the French had called crachin weather and occasional torrential downpours could be expected to occur through March. These weather systems would at times limit the availability of air support.
The vital artery of Highway 1 ran north and south ran through Binh Dinh. The area of Operation Masher was about north to south and reached a maximum of inland from the South China Sea. The U.S. Marine's Operation Double Eagle extended northward from Masher and the ROK's Operation Flying Tiger extended southward. South Vietnamese forces participated in all three operations.
The First Cavalry Division (Airmobile) was selected by U.S. Commander William Westmoreland to carry out the operation. The 1st Cavalry had borne the brunt of the combat during the Siege of Plei Me and the Battle of Ia Drang in October and November 1965, and some battalions of the 1st Cavalry had sustained heavy casualties. More than 5,000 soldiers in the division were recent arrivals in Vietnam with little combat experience. The South Vietnamese 22nd Division stationed in Binh Dinh had also suffered heavy casualties in recent fighting and was on the defensive.
The opposition to the American and South Vietnamese units participating in Operation Masher/White Wing was the PAVN 3rd Division consisting of approximately 6,000 soldiers in two regiments of PAVN regulars who had a recently infiltrated into South Vietnam via the Ho Chi Minh Trail and one regiment of VC guerrillas who had been fighting the South Vietnamese government since 1962. The majority of the population of Binh Dinh was believed to be supportive of the VC.
The plan of Operation Masher was for the U.S., South Vietnamese and ROK soldiers to sweep north and for the U.S. and South Vietnamese marines to sweep south catching and killing the PAVN/VC forces between the allied forces. Orders for the U.S. forces in Operation Masher were to "locate and destroy VC/NVA units; enhance the security of GVN [Government of South Vietnam] installations in [provincial capital] Bong Song, and to lay the groundwork for restoration of GVN control of the population and rich coastal plain area." The primary metric for judging the success of the operation would be the body count of PAVN/VC soldiers killed.
Preparations
The 1st Cavalry Division broke the campaign into two parts. During the first, primarily a preparation and deception operation, a brigade-size task force would establish a temporary command and forward supply base at Phu Cat on Highway 1 south of the area of operations, secure the highway somewhat northward, and start patrolling around Phu Cat to convey the impression that the true target area was well away from the plain. During the second, division elements would move to Bồng Sơn itself and launch a series of airmobile hammer-and-anvil operations around the plain and the adjacent valleys to flush the PAVN/VC toward strong blocking positions. General Harry Kinnard assigned the mission to Colonel Hal Moore's 3rd Brigade, but if need be, he was ready to add a second brigade to the operation to intensify the pressure and pursuit.
On the morning of 25 January the men of the 3rd Brigade at Camp Radcliff began their move to staging areas in eastern Binh Dinh. Two battalions, Lieutenant colonel Raymond L. Kampe's 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment and Lt. Col. Rutland D. Beard's 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry Regiment went by road and air to Phu Cat, joined South Koreans in securing the airfield and support base, and carried out wide-ranging search and destroy actions nearby that met only light resistance. Meanwhile, Lt. Col. Robert McDade's 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry, with about 80 percent of its authorized strength and thus still not fully reconstituted after the fight at LZ Albany, boarded a dozen C-123s at the airstrip for the short ride into Bong Son. One of the C-123s crashed into mountains near An Khe, killing all four crewmen and 42 passengers on board. The rest of the battalion deployed without incident and then helicoptered north to Landing Zone Dog, where engineers started building an airstrip and digging in artillery.
On paper, the hammer-and-anvil attack plan was not complicated. After 3rd Brigade elements secured mountain positions west of the Bồng Sơn and set up Firebases Brass and Steel, covering the northern and southern parts of the search area, 2/7th Cavalry would push north from LZ Dog and 2/12th Cavalry, also staging from LZ Dog, would work its way south from the opposite end of the target zone. Meanwhile, with the South Vietnamese Airborne Brigade acting as an eastern blocking force along Highway 1, 1/7th Cavalry would air-assault onto the high ground to the west and push east towards 2/7th Cavalry and 2/12th Cavalry. If PAVN/VC units were in the area, the 3rd Brigade would bring them to battle or destroy them as they fled.
The operation
Phase One: Bồng Sơn
Operation Masher began officially on the morning of 28 January 1966. Low clouds, wind and heavy rain prevented the movement of artillery to Firebase Brass. Lacking supporting fire, Moore cancelled the 2/12th Cavalry's mission. In the meantime, PAVN/VC fire downed a CH-47 helicopter at Landing Zone Papa north of Bồng Sơn and Kampe responded by sending a 1/7th Cavalry company to secure
the crash site. When it too came under fire, he set aside his original mission, the attack east from the mountains and moved his two other companies to LZ Papa. By the time they arrived, however, the PAVN/VC had withdrawn. Kampe's units spent the night at the landing zone. McDade went ahead with the mission, directing his men to begin scouring the hamlets that started about 2 km north of LZ Dog and extended 4 km further up the plain. Company A, 2/7th Cavalry understrength at two rifle platoons because of the crash three days earlier, entered the area at Landing Zone 2 and pushed north through rice paddies. Company B flew to Firebase Steel to secure it for an artillery battery.
Company C deployed by helicopter to the northern edge of the target in order to sweep to the southwest. The sandy plain where it set down, Landing Zone 4, () seemed safe, a relatively open tract in the hamlet of Phung Du 2 with a graveyard in its midst and tall palm trees on three sides. Company C omitted the artillery preparation that normally preceded a landing due to the proximity of the village. The first helicopter lift landed at LZ 4 at 08:25, with no PAVN/VC reaction. When the second lift came ten minutes later however, the PAVN 7th Battalion, 22nd Regiment, entrenched in earthworks, palm groves and bamboo thickets throughout the hamlet, poured mortar and machine gun fire into the landing zone. Company C commander, Captain Fesmire waved the second flight away, expecting the troops to be dropped at an alternative landing zone a few hundred meters to the southwest. Instead, they ended up at four nearby but scattered locations. Returning ten minutes later with a third lift, the helicopters unloaded the men at a fifth site. By 08:45 Company C was on the ground, but the unit was so fragmented and enemy fire so intense that the various parts found maneuver difficult and effective communication with one another impossible. Meanwhile, heavy rain impeded the provision of adequate air support, and the men were so dispersed that artillery was of little use. American casualties soon littered the hamlet ground.
McDade ordered Company A to reinforce Company C but when they reached the southern edge of the landing zone, they also came under fire. Although the men formed a perimeter near a paddy dike, they were soon pinned down and never reached Company C. Early in the afternoon McDade joined Company A, but to no effect. Finally, six helicopters carrying reinforcements from Company B reached LZ 4. But the effort generated so much PAVN fire that all six were hit and two were driven off. Only the command group and part of one platoon were able to land and they quickly found themselves in a cross fire. Under heavy rain McDade managed to locate the fragmented Company C and succeeded in bringing in artillery support. Meanwhile, the darkness and poor weather gave Fesmire the cover he needed to pull Company C together. As he prepared to settle in for the night, he received orders from McDade to move south, closer to the rest of the battalion. Under heavy fire, he completed the linkup at 04:30 (). Along with 20 wounded, his men carried with them the bodies of eight killed.
After dawn on 29 January the low overcast lifted, and fighter-bombers pounded the area to McDade's north, detonating PAVN ammunition and causing large fires. Soon after, McDade's companies, reinforced by 2/12th Cavalry, swept north to eliminate the last PAVN from the hamlet. But the clearing operation took another day, and was completed only when elements of 1/7th Cavalry joined the sweep out of the landing zone.
From then on combat tapered off and Kinnard ordered an end to that phase of the operation, effective at 12:00 on 4 February. The 3rd Brigade had cleared elements of the 22nd Regiment from the coastal plain claiming 566 PAVN/VC killed. US losses were 123 dead (including the 42 troops and four crew killed in the C-123 crash) and two helicopters were shot down and 29 damaged.
Phase Two: An Lao valley
On 28 January three Project DELTA U.S. Special Forces teams consisting of 17 personnel were inserted in the An Lao Valley for reconnaissance. The teams ran into immediate trouble and when rescued a day later seven had been killed and three wounded. Project DELTA Commander Major Charles Beckwith was seriously wounded while extracting the teams. The 1st Cavalry was unable to provide support due to the fight at LZ 4. Beckwith was criticized for going into the An Lao valley, under VC control for 15 years, without South Vietnamese counterparts and ground intelligence and in poor weather.
The An Lao Valley and the surrounding highlands were the next target of the 1st Cavalry. Kinnard believed that the headquarters of the PAVN 3rd Division were located there. Bad weather delayed the beginning of the operation to 6 February. The U.S. Marines blocked the northern entrance of the valley, the ARVN blocked the southern entrance, and three battalions were landed in the valley, however the PAVN/VC forces had withdrawn. The 1st Cavalry discovered large caches of rice and defensive works, but reported killing only 11 PAVN/VC soldiers at a loss to American forces of 49 wounded.
The U.S. offered to assist the inhabitants in the An Lao valley to leave the valley and escape from PAVN/VC rule and 4,500 of 8,000 occupants did so. The U.S. reported that 3,000 people were moved by U.S. helicopter, the others leaving the valley on foot.
Phase Three: Kim Son Valley
The Kim Son Valley consisted of seven small river valleys about southwest of Bồng Sơn. Three American battalions were deployed to the valley. On 11 February the 1st Cavalry established ambush positions in the highlands at the exits to each of the valleys and on 12 February began a sweep up the valley and outward, hoping to catch the PAVN/VC as they retreated. Initially unsuccessful, over the next few days the number of enemy dead slowly mounted as the result of over a dozen clashes with the Americans. On the morning of 15 February a platoon from Company B, 2/7th Cavalry, came under small-arms and mortar fire while patrolling about 4 km southeast of Firebase Bird, near the valley center. Captain Diduryk, the company commander, initially estimated that the opposing force was no larger than a reinforced platoon, but it soon became apparent that he had bumped into at least two companies occupying a 300m long position running along a jungled streambank and up a hillside. Intelligence later identified the force as part of the VC 93rd Battalion, 2nd Regiment. Fire from Company B's mortar platoon, from helicopter gunships and Skyraiders and from artillery at Firebase Bird pounded the PAVN, then Diduryk's men attacked. One platoon fixed bayonets and charged the dug-in defenders across the stream. A second pushed north to block an escape route, and a third stayed in reserve. Unnerved by the frontal assault, the VC retreated in disorder. Many stumbled into the open and were quickly killed. Those who survived fled to the north, where they came within range of the waiting platoon. A smaller group attempted to escape southward but came under fire from the reserve platoon, which took many prisoners, including 93rd Battalion commander Lt. Col. Dong Doan who inadvertently provided his interrogators with enough information to identify the locations of both his regiment and its headquarters. During the fight Company B killed 59 VC and possibly another 90 for the loss of two killed.
On 16 February Kinnard decided to replace Colonel Moore's brigade with Col. Elvy B. Roberts' 1st Brigade. The next day, the 1st and 2nd Battalions, 7th Cavalry, returned to Camp Radcliff, while 1/12th Cavalry remained behind to join 1st Battalion, 8th Cavalry Regiment and 2/8th Cavalry. Together, the three battalions combed the area around Firebase Bird, but the PAVN/VC remained in hiding. Frustrated, on 22 February Roberts changed the direction of the hunt, dispatching 1/12th Cavalry to search Go Chai Mountain, 14 km east of Bird and 7 km west of Highway 1. During the afternoon of 23 February 1/12th Cavalry met an estimated PAVN company, probably from the 7th Battalion, 12th Regiment. They maintained contact until dark, but then the PAVN escaped. Operations in the area continued until the 27th, but when nothing more of substance occurred, Kinnard decided to abandon the Kim Son Valley. That evening he attached two battalions from 1st Brigade to 2nd Brigade and returned the 1st's command group and 1/12th Cavalry to Camp Radcliff. In all, the 1st Brigade had accounted for up to 160 PAVN/VC killed while losing 29 of its own men.
While the 1st and 3rd Brigades were patrolling the Kim Son Valley between 11 and 27 February, Colonel William R. Lynch's 2nd Brigade closed down operations north of the Lai Giang and transferred his command post to Landing Zone Pony just east of the valley. The move was triggered by Colonel Doan's revelation that the 2nd Regiment was operating in the mountains southeast of Pony, information that seemed to be confirmed when radio intercepts indicated the presence of a major PAVN/VC headquarters there. On 16 February Lynch began a block and sweep of the suspected terrain. Lt Col. Meyer's 2nd Battalion, 5th Cavalry Regiment, set up three blocking positions: Recoil, roughly 6 km east of the Kim Son Valley; Joe, 4 km southwest of Recoil; and Mike, just over 2 km north of Recoil. The sweep force, 1/5th Cavalry, plus a battery of the 1st Battalion, 77th Artillery Regiment, helicoptered to Landing Zone Coil approximately 6 km northeast of Recoil. 2/12th Cavalry remained near Pony as a reserve. At 06:30, on 17 February, the battery at Coil began pounding the area between Coil and Recoil. As the barrage lifted, two companies of 1/5th Cavalry moved off towards the three blocking positions. One of the companies moved out to establish a fourth blocking position east of Recoil, but before the men had gone more than a kilometer they were engulfed by fire from upslope. After calling in air strikes and artillery, Meyer directed one of his rifle companies to reinforce, but on its way it became so heavily engaged that it could not advance. Meyer then committed his third rifle company, and Colonel Lynch ordered 2/12th Cavalry to send a company as well. In the end, the cumulative weight of the American ground attack and the artillery and air strikes drove the VC from the heights, killing at least 127 VC and captured and destroyed three mortars, five recoilless rifles and a quantity of ammunition, leading Lynch to conclude that he had crushed the 2nd Regiment's heavy weapons battalion.
During the early afternoon of 18 February two platoons from Lt. Col. Ackerson's 1/5th Cavalry came under heavy fire while patrolling. With the platoons pinned down, Ackerson reinforced with two rifle companies, but fire from earthworks cut them apart, and casualties were left where they fell. At the end of the day the Americans broke contact to retrieve their dead and wounded. The troops labeled the sector where the roughest fighting had taken place the "Iron Triangle", because of its shape (not to be confused with the better-known Iron Triangle near Saigon). The fighting continued on the 19th. Company B, 2/12th Cavalry joined Company C, 2/5th Cavalry on a sweep southwest of the Iron Triangle. When one of the companies drew fire in the morning, the other attempted to turn the enemy's flank but ran into more VC. After breaking contact and calling in artillery and air strikes, the two companies attacked, killing 36 VC and forcing the remainder to withdraw. 1/5th Cavalry, meanwhile, renewed its assault into the triangle, with two companies moving west while the third blocked. But the VC stood their ground, stalling the advance. At dark, the 1/5th Cavalry broke contact to remove their wounded. The next day, 20 February, Lynch ordered Ackerson to continue his attack. Following a morning artillery strike, one of the companies came under fire from a strongpoint no more than 100m from the scene of the previous day's fighting. The Americans pulled back and called in artillery. In the afternoon a 2/12th Cavalry unit fought a running battle that left 23 VC dead before the VC withdrew.
On 21 February, attacks and counterthrusts were carried out by both sides. 2/4th Cavalry and 2/12th Cavalry patrolled around their landing zones, while a platoon from 1/5th Cavalry probed the site of the previous day's combat. Once again, intense VC fire forced the Americans to withdraw. Then, having arranged for air support, Lynch pulled all of his units out of the Iron Triangle. B-52s struck the site at midmorning and again in the afternoon. A tactical air mission then dropped 300 Tear gas grenades into the area. As evening approached, two companies of 1/5th Cavalry advanced toward the triangle but stopped before entering it when darkness fell. Artillery fired over 700 rounds into the redoubt and an AC-47 gunship dropped illumination flares throughout the night. During the action a psychological operations team circled overhead in a loudspeaker plane, broadcasting the message that further resistance would be futile and dropping safe conduct passes. On 22 February, 1/5th Cavalry moved in to find bunkers, foxholes, and trenches, but no live enemy. Although 41 bodies remained at the site, blood trails, bloody bandages and discarded weapons indicated that many more had been killed or wounded. Colonel Lynch insisted that the operation would have been even more successful if the two B-52 strikes had been timed more closely together. Instead, the delay between the first and the second bombing runs had prevented mopping up operations that might have kept more of the VC from escaping.
During the fight in the Iron Triangle American ground and air forces had killed at least 313 VC and possibly 400 more. The Americans also estimated that the VC had suffered some 900 wounded. Following the operation, one report observed, the entire valley floor reeked with the smell of VC dead. In addition to decimating the heavy weapons battalion of the 2nd Regiment, Colonel Lynch believed that his units had inflicted heavy losses on the Regiment's headquarters and its 93rd and 95th Battalions. The cost to the 2nd Brigade was 23 killed and 106 wounded. Colonel Lynch's brigade rested for a few days before resuming operations on 25 February. Over the next three days his men exchanged fire with small groups of PAVN/VC but failed to generate significant contacts.
Early in the morning of 28 February a patrol from Company B, 1/5th Cavalry came under sniper fire less than 2 km south of Pony. Unable to locate the sniper position, the patrol members continued their advance. Entering the hamlet of Tan Thanh 2, they met a hail of fire and suffered 4 wounded. As they pushed deeper into the settlement, automatic weapons opened up on them. They responded with grenades and small arms but soon came under attack on the right flank by 15-20 VC, who killed eight of them within minutes and wounded a number more. As the Americans scrambled for cover, the VC emerged from hiding to strip the U.S. dead of their weapons. A relief force arrived a short while later but by then the VC were gone.
Phase Four: Cay Giap mountains
Based on prisoner interrogations, American intelligence believed that the PAVN 6th Battalion, 12th Regiment was operating in the Cay Giep Mountains east of Bồng Sơn. General Kinnard wanted to encircle and annihilate it. The ARVN 22nd Division surrounded the target area, deploying along the Lai Giang to the north, Highway 1 to the west, and the Tra O Marsh in the south, while the division's junk fleet patrolled the coast to prevent escape by sea. Colonel Lynch's 2d Brigade would conduct the attack. At 07:30 on 1 March an intense hour-long air, land and sea bombardment of intended landing zones began. When the firing stopped, the designated sweep force 2/5th Cavalry, 1/8th Cavalry and 2/8th Cavalry came in over the mountains. However the assault forces found that the bombardment had hardly dented the thick foliage, and the helicopters were unable to land. Eventually, additional air strikes opened holes in the jungle canopy wide enough to allow the men to reach the ground by scrambling down rope ladders suspended from the hovering helicopters. Once deployed, the three battalions, soon joined by 1/5th Cavalry, searched the area and found little, although an ARVN unit near the Tra O Marsh killed about 50 PAVN who were attempting to flee the dragnet. On 4 March, following word from South Vietnamese civilians that most of the PAVN had left the a rea around the end of February, Kinnard decided that the operation had run its course and over the next two days returned the 2nd Brigade to Camp Radcliff.
Operation Double Eagle
Operation Double Eagle, carried out by U.S. and South Vietnamese marines, was a complementary mission to Operation Masher in neighboring Quảng Ngãi Province adjoining Binh Dinh province to the north. Operation Double Eagle was carried out over an area of about about north to south and extending as much as inland from the South China Sea. 6,000 regular troops and 600 guerrillas were believed to be operating within this area. U.S. Marines dedicated to the operation would number more than 5,000 plus several thousand South Vietnamese soldiers of the ARVN 2nd Division.
Operation Double Eagle began on 28 January with the largest amphibious assault of the Vietnam War and the largest since the Korean War. Bad weather hampered the early days of the operation, but the Marines pushed slowly inland. The plan was for the Marines to push southward into Binh Dinh province where they would meet the 1st Cavalry advancing northward in Operation Masher, trapping PAVN/VC forces between them. In reality, the Marines found few PAVN/VC soldiers in their operating area, the main force PAVN regiments having withdrawn from the area a few days prior to the amphibious landing. The Marines claimed to have killed 312 PAVN/VC soldiers and captured 19 at a loss of 24 Marines killed.
Marine Corps Commandant General Victor Krulak later said that Operation Double Eagle had failed because the PAVN and VC had been forewarned. He also said that Operation Double Eagle was a failure because it showed the people of the region that the Marines "would come in, comb the area and disappear; whereupon the VC would resurface and resume control."
Refugees
Operation Masher was carried out in heavily populated rural areas. The fighting resulted in the displacement, voluntary or involuntary, of a large number of people. The 1st Cavalry listed as a success of the operation that "140,000 Vietnamese civilians volunteered to leave their hamlets in the An Lao and Son Long valleys to return to GVN control." The "voluntary" nature of the departure or flight of many of the civilians from their land is questionable.
Operation Masher demonstrated that a consequence of large unit military operations and heavy utilization of artillery and aerial bombardment was the generation of refugees from the fighting and, inevitably, civilian casualties. The U.S. evacuated thousands of civilians by helicopter from combat areas and more thousands walked out to safety in the larger towns near the coast. The 1st Cavalry counted more than 27,000 people displaced by the operation. While many people fled the fighting, others remained for fear that if they abandoned their homes, the VC would confiscate their land and redistribute it to more dedicated supporters.
Although the U.S. Army maintained that the refugees were fleeing communism, an Army study in mid-1966 concluded that U.S. and South Vietnamese bombing and artillery fire, in conjunction with ground operations, were the immediate and prime causes of refugee movement into South Vietnamese government controlled cities and coastal areas. The U.S. considered that meeting the humanitarian needs of refugees was the responsibility of South Vietnam, but the response of the South Vietnamese government was often deficient.
An American journalist visited a camp housing 6,000 refugees from Operation Masher a week after their displacement. He found them packed 30 to a room, receiving inadequate food and medical treatment for diseases and wounds, and in a sullen and depressed mood.
Assessment
Operation Masher-White Wing was considered a success by the Americans, demonstrating the capability of the helicopter-borne 1st Cavalry to conduct a sustained campaign against PAVN and VC forces and "to find, fix, and finish" the enemy. The U.S., as it had in the earlier Battle of Ia Drang, relied on the massive use of firepower. 171 B-52 strikes hit suspected PAVN/VC positions and 132,000 artillery rounds were expended—100 for each PAVN/VC soldier killed. In addition, tactical air support was provided by 600 sorties by fixed-wing aircraft. 228 1st Cavalry soldiers were killed and another 46 died in an airplane crash; 834 were wounded. 24 U.S. Marines were killed and 156 wounded in Operation Double Eagle and several additional Americans from other units were killed. 11 ROK were reported killed; South Vietnamese casualties are not known. The U.S. claimed to have killed 1,342 PAVN/VC. The ARVN and ROK forces reported they had killed an additional 808 PAVN/VC. Further claims of 300-600 PAVN/VC were taken prisoner and 500 defected and an additional 1,746 were estimated killed. 52 crew-served weapons and 202 individual weapons were captured or recovered.
The PAVN claimed victory, stating that the 3rd Division had eliminated more than 2,000 enemy troops (killed, wounded or captured).:chapter 4
An unknown number of people killed were civilians, and under the standard operating rules at the time those who did not 'voluntarily' leave free-fire zone were generally regarded as VC. Total number of civilians killed is largely unknown, but one estimate was that there were 6 civilians casualties for every VC. The US called these allegations exaggerated and blamed the VC for many deaths because of tactics which endangered civilians such as recruiting civilians and firing from populated areas. These issues were raised in the Fulbright Hearings. ROK troops of the Capital Division were alleged to have killed over 1,000 civilians in the Bình An/Tây Vinh massacre.
Despite this operation being the biggest search-and-destroy operation in the war up to that point, most of the PAVN/VC forces had slipped away and re-appeared in the region a few months later. An estimated 125,000 people within the Binh Dinh province had lost their homes as a result of Operation Masher/White Wing.
The positive results cited by the Americans appear to have been only transitory. The 1st Cavalry cited among the favorable consequences of Operation Masher that it had give the local population "a chance to be freed from VC domination by moving to areas which are under government control" and stated that the South Vietnamese government "intends to reestablish civil government in the area." PAVN/VC influence, however, continued to be extensive in Binh Dinh province. Two months later, in Operation Crazy Horse, the 1st Cavalry was back sweeping part of the same area covered by Operation Masher and in October 1966 Operation Thayer began an extended effort by the 1st Cavalry once again to "fully pacify" Binh Dinh province.
A Joint Chiefs of Staff memo reported by The Wall Street Journal in 1966 urged President Johnson to "expand" the use of non-lethal chemicals in South Vietnam. The use of 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate or Agent BZ was alleged in Operation White Wing by journalist Pierre Darcourt in L'Express news magazine. The allegation concerned an offensive and the 1st Cavalry Division in March 1966 during Operation "White Wing."
References
External links
Conflicts in 1966
1966 in Vietnam
Battles and operations of the Vietnam War in 1966
Battles of the Vietnam War involving South Korea
Battles of the Vietnam War involving the United States
History of Bình Định province
Chemical warfare
Incapacitating agents
January 1966 events in Asia
February 1966 events in Asia
March 1966 events in Asia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%20Masher |
The Mareorama was an entertainment attraction at the 1900 Paris Exposition. It was created by Hugo d'Alesi (fr), a painter of advertising posters, and was a combination of moving panoramic paintings and a large motion platform. It is regarded as one of the last major developments in the technology of panoramas, shortly before the medium became obsolete.
Development
Between 1892 and 1900, many attractions were successful for the first time in the form of . For instance, in 1894, people could see moving photographs in Thomas Edison's kinetoscope and, starting in December 1895, they could see the first Lumière brothers' films. Seeing the success that it had generated, many entrepreneurs tried to incorporate moving images into their already existing amusements, because the recreational qualities of the moving images by themselves were not totally appreciable. So, instead of thinking that the images in movement threatened the panoramas of that time, entrepreneurs initially incorporated films on their panoramic screens with great enthusiasm.
Functioning
Exhibited at the Paris Exposition in 1900, the attraction was located inside a building in the amusement section, on the Champ de Mars, at the corner of Quai d'Orsay and avenue de Suffren. The Mareorama simultaneously developed two panoramas in motion to the delight of the spectators, who placed themselves among them to create the illusion of being on the deck of a ship.
The two paintings were continuous images of the sea and shoreline from the trip. They were each 750 m (2,460.63 ft) long and 13 m (42.65 ft) tall. To create them, d'Alesi sketched the highlights from a year-long trip he took between Villefranche and Constantinople. He then directed a large team of decorative and scene painters for eight months, to transfer the sketches onto the 19,500 m² (around 210,000 square feet) of canvas. Mounted on large cylinders supported by floats, and driven by hydraulic motors, the two canvases unrolled past the spectators over the course of the simulated journey. The upper edge of each canvas was hooked to small trolleys on a rail and reinforced with a thin steel band to prevent sagging. The cylinders themselves were concealed by curtains and props.
Spectators stood on a platform which represented the deck of a steamship, complete with smoking funnels and steam whistles. In order to give it a rolling and pitching motion, it was mounted on a 5 m (16 ft) square iron frame on a gimbal. A combination of hydraulic cylinders, chains, and electric motors allowed the platform to pitch by up to 50 cm (20 inches) from horizontal, and to roll by up to 20 cm (8 inches).
The realism of the attraction derives both from the theme they represent and from the technology that puts passengers in the middle of things and the simulated movement. There was even a Mareorama that lasted half an hour and accommodated seven hundred spectators at a time, which offered a plausible itinerary to several ports. Among these we find a simulated voyage from Villefranche to Constantinople, passing by Sousse, Naples, and Venice.It was a sensory journey both in time and space. Mareorama, in that way, turned the spectators into "passengers" of a ship, since it simulated the emotion of traveling by sea with moving images, by consisting of a 33 m (around 108 ft) long replica of a steamship and 2 panoramas (one for the port side, one for the starboard) on large rollers.
Optical illusion and reproduced sensation
The sensation of approach and detachment is experienced in an effect of the kinematic telescope: the physical limit of the city, on the edge of the sea, becomes a frame that widens. An open visual space. The views of a city that follow the course of a river that traverses its architecture also provide a cinematic diversity of perspective and movement: a first view of the city from a distance, then it gets closer to your heart and, finally, it moves away. In the words of architectural historian Renzo Dubbini, as one moves with the flow of the current, "the view is regulated by a continuous flow of images that changes constantly. The observation point moves along a succession of the innumerable points of view that make up a geographical route ".
The different scenarios reproduced reality in different ways. Whether relying on the optical illusions generated by the spectators, making references to other realistic genres such as the wax museum, or mechanically simulating the movement with a motion platform. Or whereas, juxtaposing multiple forms by accumulation, such as painted panoramas, moving images or live performances. In order to add to the illusion of a sea voyage, fans created an ocean breeze, which whistled in the rigging. Lighting effects created day- and night-time, as well as flashes of lightning. There were also sounds of the ship's screw and the steam siren. Seaweed and tar provided an olfactory element of the simulation. Overall, the whole experience was complemented by actors portraying deck hands, rushing about, "ostensibly to help anyone who may suffer from mal de mer". Finally, to impact in all senses at once and obtain the most realistic effect possible, they also presented a symphony composed by H. Kowalski played by an orchestra that could not be seen while the images were represented in the Mareorama. In this way, the sensorial direction of the panorama was multiplied.
This is how a technological march towards an increasingly perfectly realistic reproduction was created and eventually, towards the invention of cinema. However, having said that, in the end the cinema ended up eclipsing the popularity of the panoramas in the early years of the 20th century.
References
Panoramas
Water transport in the Mediterranean
Mediterranean Sea in fiction | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mareorama |
The Confederation of African Athletics (CAA; French: Confédération Africaine d'Athlétisme) is the continental association for the sport of athletics in Africa. It is headquartered in Dakar, Senegal. It organises the African Championships in Athletics and other continental competitions. The body's current president is Hamad Kalkaba Malboum of Cameroon.
Member federations
See also
List of African records in athletics
External links
CAA official website
Athletics organizations
Ath | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederation%20of%20African%20Athletics |
The International Typographic Style is a systemic approach to graphic design that emerged during the 1930s - 1950s but continued to develop internationally. It is considered the basis of the Swiss style. It expanded on and formalized the modernist typographic innovations of the 1920s that emerged in part out of art movements such as Constructivism (Russia), De Stijl (The Netherlands) and at the Bauhaus (Germany). The International Typographic Style has had profound influence on graphic design as a part of the modernist movement, impacting many design-related fields including architecture and art. It emphasizes simplicity, clarity, readability, and objectivity. Hallmarks of the style are asymmetric layouts, use of a grid, sans-serif typefaces like Akzidenz Grotesk and Helvetica, and flush left, ragged right text. The style is also associated with a preference for photography in place of illustrations or drawings. Many of the early International Typographic Style works featured typography as a primary design element in addition to its use in text, and it is for this that the style is named. The influences of this graphic movement can still be seen in design strategy and theory to this day.
Specifics of the term
International Typographic Style and the Swiss School
There are difficulties in defining the boundaries of the International Typographic Style. Sometimes, the term is considered as a synonym for the concept of "Swiss style" - a phenomenon that became widespread in international typography and Swiss design in the 1950s and 1960s. However, the International Typographic Style and the Swiss Style are different phenomena. Traditionally, the term “International Typographic Style” is used as a name that defines the state of international graphics in the 1920s and 1930s. The concept of “Swiss style” is usually limited to the 1950s and 1960s and associated with universal graphic systems of this period. Despite controversy and discrepancies, these terms are sometimes used interchangeably.
International Typographic Style and International Style
"International Typographic Style" is meaningfully related to the concept of International Style in architecture. This phenomenon, in turn, is attributed to the 1930s-1960s and is associated with the exhibition "Modern Architecture: An International Exhibition", which was held in 1932 at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. The visual system of the International Style formed the basis of the general artistic doctrine in various fields of design and formed the basis of the International Typographic Style.
History
The style emerged from a desire to represent information objectively, free from the influence of associated meaning. The International Typographic Style evolved as a modernist graphic movement that sought to convey messages clearly and in a universally straightforward manner. Two major Swiss design schools are responsible for the early years of International Typographic Style. A graphic design technique based on grid-work that began in the 19th century became inspiration for modifying the foundational course at the Basel School of Design in 1908. Shortly thereafter, in 1918 Ernst Keller became a professor at the Kunstgewerbeschule Zürich and began developing a graphic design and typography course. He did not teach a specific style to his students, rather he taught a philosophy of style that dictated "the solution to the design problem should emerge from its content." This idea of the solution to the design emerging from the problem itself was a reaction to previous artistic processes focused on "beauty for the sake of beauty" or "the creation of beauty as a purpose in and of itself". Keller's work uses simple geometric forms, vibrant colors and evocative imagery to further elucidate the meaning behind each design. Other early pioneers include Théo Ballmer and Max Bill.
The 1950s saw the distillation of International Typographic Style elements into sans-serif font families such as Univers. Univers paved the way for Max Miedinger and collaborator Edouard Hoffman to design the typeface Neue Haas Grotesk, which would be later renamed Helvetica. The goal with Helvetica was to create a pure typeface that could be applied to longer texts and that was highly readable. The movement began to coalesce after a periodical publication began in 1959 titled New Graphic Design, which was edited by several influential designers who played major roles in the development of International Typographic Style. The format of the journal represented many of the important elements of the style—visually demonstrating the content—and was published internationally, thus spreading the movement beyond Switzerland's borders. One of the editors, Josef Müller-Brockmann, "sought an absolute and universal form of graphic expression through objective and impersonal presentation, communicating to the audience without the interference of the designer's subjective feelings or propagandist techniques of persuasion." Many of Müller-Brockmann's feature large photographs as objective symbols meant to convey his ideas in particularly clear and powerful ways.
After World War II international trade began to increase and relations between countries grew steadily stronger. Typography and design were crucial to helping these relationships progress—clarity, objectivity, region-less glyphs, and symbols are essential to communication between international partners. International Typographic Style found its niche in this communicative climate and expanded further beyond Switzerland, to America.
One of the first American designers to integrate Swiss design with his own was Rudolph de Harak. The influence of International Typographic Style on de Harak's own works can be seen in his many book jacket designs for McGraw-Hill publishers in the 1960s. Each jacket shows the book title and author, often aligned with a grid—flush left, ragged-right. One striking image covers most of the jacket, elucidating the theme of the particular book. International Typographic Style was embraced by corporations and institutions in America from the 1960s on, for almost two decades. One institution particularly devoted to the style was MIT.
Associated movements
During the 1900s other design based movements were formulating, influencing and influenced by the International Typographic movement. These movements emerged within the relationships between artistic fields including architecture, literature, graphic design, painting, sculpting etc.
De Stijl was a Dutch artistic movement that saw prominence in the period between 1917 and 1931. Referred to as neoplasticism, this artistic strategy sought to reflect a new Utopian ideal of spiritual harmony and order. It was a form of pure abstraction through reduction to the essentials of form and colour, employing vertical and horizontal layouts using only black and white and primary colors. Proponents of this movement included painters like Piet Mondrian, Vilmos Huszar and Bart van der Leck as well as architects like Gerrit Rietveld, Robert van 't Hoff and J. J. P. Oud.
Bauhaus was a German-based movement that emphasized purity of geometry, absence of ornamentation and the motto 'form follows function'. This was a school of thought that combined craftsmaking with the fine arts and was founded by Walter Gropius. The goal was to work towards the essence of the form follows function relationship to facilitate a style that could be applied to all design problems; the International Style.
Constructivism was an art/architectural philosophy that emerged from Russia in the 1920s. The style develops by assorted mechanical objects that are combined into abstract mobile structural forms. Hallmarks of the movement include geometric reduction, photo-montage and simplified palettes.
Suprematism, which arose in 1913, is another Russian art movement similarly focused on the simplification and purity of geometric forms to speak to values of spirituality.
All of these movements including the International Typographic styles are defined by reductionist purity as a visually compelling strategy of conveying messages through geometric and color based hierarchies.
Theory
The Bauhaus mantra of 'form follows function' applies to design in the spirit of the International Typographic movement. The movement was structured by focusing on detail, precision, craft skill, systems of education and approach, technical training, high standards of print, and the innovative application of lettering. The theory revolves around critically approaching the development of a system specific to the design problem presented.
For example, a father of the style, Ernst Keller, argued that a design solution should always be respectful of its content.
A good comparison is the structure that defines a math problem. One only uses specific equations for specific types of problems. One similarly only can work through these equations in specific ways. With the International Typographic and other related philosophies, a design context is critical to deriving a response.
Characteristics of style
Each design done with International Typographic Style in mind begins with a mathematical grid, because a grid is the "most legible and harmonious means for structuring information." Text is then applied, most often aligned flush left, ragged right. Fonts chosen for the text are sans serif, a type style believed to "[express] the spirit of a more progressive age" by early designers in the movement and focus on delivering content over embellishment. Helvetica, a font that is named after the Latin name for Switzerland, has been described as synonymous with Swiss design; other characteristic fonts associated with the style include Univers and Akzidenz-Grotesk.
Objective photography is another design element meant to present information clearly, and without any of the persuading influences of propaganda or commercial advertising. Such a strong focus on order and clarity is drawn from early pioneers of the movement believing that design is a "socially useful and important activity ... the designers define their roles not as artists but as objective conduits for spreading important information between components of society."
See also
International style (architecture)
Swiss Style (design)
Helvetica
Max Bill
Adrian Frutiger
Armin Hofmann
Dorothea Hofmann
Richard Paul Lohse
Josef Müller-Brockmann
Paul Rand
Emil Ruder
Jan Tschichold
References
Further reading
Brändle C.; Gimmi K.; Junod B.; Reble C.; Richter B. 100 Years of Swiss Graphic Design. Museum fürGestaltung Zürich. Zürich: Lars Müller Publishers, 2014. 325 p.
Fiedl, Frederich, Nicholas Ott and Bernard Stein. Typography: An Encyclopedic Survey of Type Design and Techniques Through History. Black Dog & Leventhal: 1998. .
Hollis, Richard. Swiss Graphic Design: The Origins and Growth of an International Style, 1920-1965. Yale University Press: 2006. .
Meggs P. A History of Graphic Design. N. Y.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998. 592 p.
Müller-Brockmann, Josef. Grid Systems in Graphic Design. Niggli: 1996. .
Ruder, Emil. Typography. Hastings House: 1981. .
Vasileva, Ekaterina. The Swiss Style: It’s Prototypes, Origins and the Regulation Problem // Terra Artis. Arts and Design, 2021, 3, 84-101. DOI: 10.53273/27128768_2021_3_84
External links
International Style / Swiss Style Color Palette
Swiss Graphic Design and Typography Revisited
Art movements
Swiss art
Graphic design
Communication design
Modern art
1920s in art
1950s in art | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Typographic%20Style |
Cincinnati Municipal Airport – Lunken Field (Cincinnati Municipal Lunken Airport) is a public airport in Cincinnati, Ohio, three miles (5 km) east of Downtown Cincinnati. It is owned by the city of Cincinnati and serves private aircraft and the fleets of local corporations. It serves a few commercial flights and is the second-largest airport serving Cincinnati after Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport which is the area’s primary airport. It is known as Lunken Airport or Lunken Field, after Eshelby Lunken. It is bounded by US Route 50 (historic Columbia Parkway and Eastern Avenue) to the west, US Route 52 (Kellogg Avenue) and the Ohio River to the south, the Little Miami River (which originally flowed through the airfield but was diverted) to the east, and Ohio Route 125 (Beechmont Avenue) to the north. The airport is headquarters and hub for Cincinnati-based public charter airline Ultimate Air Shuttle, serving 5 destinations in the eastern United States with 16 peak daily flights. Lunken is also home to small charter airline Flamingo Air and its aviation school.
History
Cincinnati Municipal Airport (Lunken Airport) was Cincinnati's main airport until 1947. It is in the Little Miami River valley near Columbia, the site of the first Cincinnati-area settlement in 1788. When the airfield opened in 1925 it was the largest municipal airfield in the world. The airport was named for Eshelby Lunken, whose father Edmund H. Lunken ran the Lunkenheimer Valve Company. (The family's last name had been shortened from its original "Lunkenheimer" spelling.)
The first aviation related activities in the area were flying lessons offered by John "Dixie" Dixon Davis around 1921. The flights took place just north of the airport, roughly where the Lunken Playfield is today.
On December 17, 1925, the Embry-Riddle Company was formed at Lunken Airport by T. Higbee Embry and John Paul Riddle. A few years later the company moved to Florida, and later became the Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. In 1928, the T. E. Halpin Development Co, later the Metal Aircraft Corporation, produced 22 of the high-wing Flamingo at the airport. Also in 1928, Aeronca Aircraft Corporation was formed to build cheap light aircraft; the factory building, hangar 4, is still in use. Over 500 C-2 and C-3 aircraft were built here.
Airline flights began in the late 1920s; in 1938, American Airlines and Marquette Airlines were using the new $172,000 terminal building.
During World War II, the airport served first as the headquarters of the I Concentration Command, before being transferred to the Air Transport Command.
Lunken Airport was supplanted by the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport after flooding from the Ohio River and introduction of larger aircraft that needed longer runways. The flooding prompted the airport's nickname of "Sunken Lunken". During the Ohio River flood of 1937, the airfield and two-story main terminal building at the southwest corner of the airport were submerged, except for the third-floor air traffic control "tower". A plaque (which appears from ground level to be a single black brick) on the terminal building, facing the airfield, indicates the high-water mark. The airport flooded again in 1945 and 1948. However, the latter was not before the soon-to-be U.S. Air Force vacated the field in 1947. As early as 1948 and continuing to at least 1966, the Greater Cincinnati Airmen's Club held an annual cross country air race at the airport. In the early 1960s Conrad International Corporation, which upgraded Beechcraft 18s, was located at the airport. In 1962, Wilmer Avenue, the western border of the airport, was moved westward. In 1964 the FAA designated the airport as a general reliever airport. As business jet travel expanded, the 6,100-foot parallel runway 2R was added about 1965 (requiring relocation of the Little Miami River). In 1967, its name was officially changed from "Lunken Field" to "Lunken Airport". The airport manager was fired in 2004, following an attempt to solicit commercial flights from the airport.
Today the old control tower is home to the Lunken Cadet Squadron of the Civil Air Patrol, and is the oldest standing control tower in the United States. The property also contains public recreation areas, including an 18-hole golf course, playgrounds, and walking/biking paths on the levee surrounding the airfield. In 2009 Ultimate Air Shuttle began operations at Lunken with a flight to Chicago–Midway, and has since expanded to four cities, including Chicago, New York, Charlotte, and Cleveland. Currently, many Cincinnati-area companies base their aircraft at the airport due to its proximity to downtown Cincinnati, but most airlines use Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport. Various proposals have taken place to add air service to the airport, including by Allegiant Air, which started operations at CVG instead, and Flamingo Air, which did not happen. In 2018, a fixed-base operator called Waypoint Aviation began operations out of a new hangar at the airport.
In 2021, the Mutual UFO Network announced that it was moving to the airport from California.
Notable visitors
From 1971 to 1979, Neil Armstrong was an Aerospace Engineering professor at the University of Cincinnati. He would take students to Lunken Airport to teach them about aviation.
In 1927, Charles Lindbergh landed at Lunken and was mobbed by well-wishers. In 1964 a large crowd of fans greeted The Beatles as they flew into and out of Lunken for their concert at Cincinnati Gardens.
Several U.S. presidents and other dignitaries have arrived at Lunken; on October 30, 2007, Air Force One landed at Lunken as President George W. Bush visited the abutting Cincinnati neighborhood of Hyde Park for a fundraiser for Republican Congressman Steve Chabot. On October 22, 2008, Republican Presidential candidate Arizona Senator John McCain and vice-presidential candidate Governor of Alaska Sarah Palin spoke to an enthusiastic crowd of 12,000 in hangar A-10. Gretchen Wilson performed to start the rally. Cindy McCain and Todd Palin were also in attendance. Introducing them was former Republican Congressman (later US Senator) Rob Portman. In 2011, the airport served as a backdrop for scenes in the film The Ides of March. On February 5, 2018, a Boeing C-32 flying as Air Force One landed at Lunken bringing President Donald Trump for an address to the employees of Sheffer Corporation in nearby Blue Ash.
Sky Galley Restaurant
The Sky Galley restaurant was in nearly continuous operation for decades, and is so named because the first meals served on a commercial airliner (American Airlines) were prepared here. The Sky Galley is housed in the terminal building and has large windows and a patio dining area facing the airfield, allowing views of small aircraft and corporate jets taking off and landing. Formerly known as the Wings Restaurant, it was reopened in 1999 as the Sky Galley. In 2019, the lease agreement for the restaurant was nearly cancelled by the city due to potential food safety risks reported by the Health Department. After an online petition on change.org gained over 17,000 signatures, an agreement was reached in which the city would provide up to $100,000 to help renovate the restaurant and grant it another 5-year lease if the owner committed to correcting the violations. However, due to the effects of COVID-19, the Sky Galley was forced to close in September 2020. A proposal to replace it with a new restaurant and hotel was made in March 2021. In December, the Cincinnati city council approved a multi-decade lease for the building to the developer vR Group.
Facilities
Cincinnati Municipal Airport – Lunken Field covers and has three runways:
3L/21R: 3,801 x 100 ft (1,159 x 30 m), surface: asphalt
3R/21L: 6,101 x 150 ft (1,860 x 46 m), surface: asphalt
7/25: 5,127 x 100 ft (1,563 x 30 m), surface: asphalt
Thirty-eight T-hangars were built on the airport in 2001.
The terminal building has two floors and is home to one of the oldest air traffic control towers in the United States. A small pilot supply shop called The Flight Depot is located on the first floor and the Cincinnati Aviation Heritage Society & Museum is on the second.
Public charter and destinations
Passenger
NetJets also has a facility in Cincinnati.
Statistics
For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2022, the airport had 114,630 aircraft operations, an average of 314 per day: 89% general aviation, 11% air taxi, <1% military and <1% scheduled commercial. In the year ending December 31, 2022, 150 aircraft were based at this airport: 76 single-engine, 55 jet, 12 multi-engine, 3 helicopter, and 4 gliders.
Top destinations (October 2016 – September 2017)
Total passengers
Accidents and incidents
On 28 February 1928, a Douglas O-2C crashed while taking off from the airport.
On 8 August 1928, a Waco biplane crashed after taking off from the airport, killing the pilot and passenger.
On 19 October 1929, a Consolidated PT-1 Trusty crashed near Miamiville, Ohio after taking off from the airport, injuring the two crew.
On 9 August 1931, a Ford Trimotor crashed after taking off from the airport, killing the two crew and four passengers.
On 30 May 1932, a glider crashed at Dixie Davis Flying Field, killing the pilot.
On 23 February 1934, a Boeing P-12D crashed while landing at the airport. It was delivering airmail.
On 22 November 1936, a North American BT-9 crashed after taking off from the airport, killing the two pilots.
On 5 September 1938, an unknown airplane overturned after landing, injuring the two pilots.
On 10 March 1941, American Airlines Flight 20, a Douglas DC-3 crashed into a dike while landing at the airport, injuring two crew and three passengers.
On 9 August 1942, a Culver Cadet crashed in Covington, Kentucky after taking off from the airport, killing the pilot and a passenger.
On 12 August 1942, an unknown light plane crashed while attempting to land at the airport, injuring the pilot.
On 13 August 1942, a North American AT-6 Texan made an emergency landing near Newtown, Ohio, after taking off from the airport.
On 9 January 1943, a Boeing PT-17 Kaydet made an emergency landing near Anderson Ferry after taking off from the airport.
On 25 August 1943, an unknown Navy monoplane made an emergency landing near the airport.
On 4 November 1943, a North American P-51 Mustang crashed in Forestville, Ohio, after taking off from the airport, killing the pilot.
On 22 March 1944, an Aeronca Chief with the Civil Air Patrol made an emergency landing near Newtown, Ohio after taking off from the airport.
On 30 June 1944, a Douglas C-47 Skytrain made an emergency landing near Newtown, Ohio after taking off from the airport.
On 9 October 1944, a Lockheed A-29 was destroyed in an emergency landing at the airport.
On 26 December 1944, a North American B-25 Mitchell crashed while taking off from the airport, killing three and injuring six.
On 10 January 1945, a Curtiss SB2C Helldiver crashed near Newport, Kentucky after taking off from the airport, killing the passenger.
On 11 June 1945, an unknown airplane crashed in Fort Thomas, Kentucky after taking off from the airport, injuring the pilot and three passengers.
On 12 August 1945, an unknown airplane, owned by a flying club at the airport, made an emergency landing at the nearby River Downs Racetrack.
On 5 January 1947, a Grumman F7F-3N Tigercat was substantially damaged in a forced landing at the airport due to bad weather.
On 16 May 1947, a Republic Seabee crashed in Mount Washington, Ohio, while trying to land at the airport after running out of fuel.
On 4 August 1947, a trainer plane crashed in Clermont County, Ohio, after taking off from the airport, killing the pilot.
On 12 September 1947, an unknown two-seat aircraft crashed in Fort Thomas, Kentucky after taking off from the airport, injuring a pilot and passenger.
On 24 October 1957, a two-seat Bell helicopter operated by Ohio Valley Airways crashed at the airport, killing the pilot.
On 19 February 1960, a Lockheed PV-1 Ventura belonging to Champion Paper and Fibre Company crashed in Madeira, Ohio, after taking off from the airport, killing all three on board.
On 30 September 1960, a single-engine plane crashed near Newtown, Ohio, after taking off from the airport.
On 20 February 1963, a North American B-25 Mitchell made an emergency landing at the airport after an engine failure.
On 18 May 1966, a Beechcraft Bonanza crashed and burned after colliding with trees while landing at the airport, injuring the pilot.
On 30 March 1968, a Piper PA-22 Tri-Pacer crashed on final approach to the airport when the left wing struck the ground, killing the pilot.
On 27 July 1973, a Beechcraft Travel Air crashed after taking off from the airport, killing one passenger and injuring the pilot and two other passengers.
On 25 October 1973, a Beechcraft Queen Air crashed into the Little Miami River after taking off from the airport, killing the pilot and a passenger and injuring an additional passenger.
On 29 September 1979, a Sikorsky CH-54 Tarhe crashed in Loveland, Ohio, after taking off from the airport, killing the four crew.
On 7 April 1981, a Learjet 23 was damaged by a bird strike after taking off from the airport and forced to return for an emergency landing. The copilot was killed and the pilot seriously injured.
On 16 December 1982, a Cessna 411 crashed into a bookstore in Montgomery, Ohio, on approach to land at the airport, killing the six people on board and injuring four more on the ground. One of those killed was Carl Johnson, who had embezzled $614,000 and was planning to lead authorities to the location of a buried portion of the money.
On 20 June 1984, a Cessna 340A crashed after taking off from the airport, killing the pilot and three passengers.
On 25 November 1986, a Bell 206 JetRanger news helicopter belonging to WKRC (AM) crashed after taking off from a heliport just north of the airport, killing the pilot and passenger.
On 26 January 1994, a Beechcraft Baron crashed in Newtown, Ohio, after taking off from the airport, killing the pilot.
On 1 November 1995, an unknown twin engine plane made an emergency landing at the airport after striking a deer on takeoff.
On 30 May 2006, a Cessna 210N crashed in Fort Thomas, Kentucky while attempting to land at the airport, killing the pilot.
On 14 July 2009, a Piper Cherokee crashed near the airport while trying to land, seriously injuring the pilot.
On 22 Saturday 2012, a Cessna 182Q crashed in Fort Thomas, Kentucky while attempting to land at the airport following a loss of engine power, injuring the pilot and a passenger.
On 12 March 2019, a Piper Navajo crashed into a home in Madeira, Ohio while on approach to Lunken, killing the pilot. The aircraft, registered N400JM, was flying for an aerial photography and mapping company.
On 9 January 2022, an unknown airplane made an emergency landing at the airport after suffering an engine failure.
On 17 March 2023, a Piaggio P.180 Avanti suffered a landing gear collapse after landing at the airport.
On 1 September 2023, a Piper PA-32-300 Cherokee Six operated by Flamingo Air crashed in Anderson Township after taking off from the airport.
See also
Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport
Cincinnati–Blue Ash Airport
Ohio World War II Army Airfields
Air Transport Command
References
Footnotes
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Official site
Corporate Author: The Embry-Riddle Company – Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Airports established in 1925
Airports in Ohio
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Ohio
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces Air Transport Command in North America
Transportation buildings and structures in Cincinnati | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunken%20Airport |
Patricia Bosworth (née Crum, April 24, 1933 – April 2, 2020) was an American journalist, biographer, memoirist, and actress. She was a faculty member of Columbia University’s school of journalism as well as Barnard College, and was a winner of the Front Page Award for her journalistic achievement in writing about the Hollywood Blacklist.
Early life
Born Patricia Crum in Oakland, California, Bosworth was the daughter of prominent attorney Bartley Crum and novelist Anna Gertrude Bosworth. She grew up especially close to her younger brother, Bartley Crum Jr. Their father was active in politics as a confidant to Wendell Willkie during the 1940 U.S. presidential election, and he served on the 1945 Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry into Palestine that advised President Harry Truman to support the creation of a Jewish state. The elder Crum gained renown for being one of the six lawyers who defended the Hollywood Ten during the Red Scare at the start of the Cold War in 1947. His career suffered during the fallout from the Blacklist, and the family moved from California to New York in late 1948.
In California, Bosworth was educated at Miss Burke's School and the Convent of the Sacred Heart. At age 13, intending to become an actress, she adopted her mother's maiden name as her surname. When the family moved to New York, Bosworth first attended the Chapin School; later, she went to the Ecole International in Geneva, Switzerland. Bosworth studied at Sarah Lawrence College, graduating in 1955 with a major in dance and writing.
Career
Acting
While still a student at Sarah Lawrence, Bosworth began modeling for the John Robert Powers Agency. She was hired by Diane and Allan Arbus to pose for a magazine ad for the Greyhound bus company. Allan drove everyone, including his and Diane's assistant Tad Yamashiro (who later became an exhibited photographer himself), from Manhattan to the Ardsley Acres section of Ardsley, New York for the photo shoot.
Shortly after her college graduation, Bosworth became a member of the Actors Studio in Manhattan, where she studied under Lee Strasberg. Arthur Penn cast her as the lead in her first professional play, a pre-Broadway tryout of James Leo Herlihy’s Blue Denim, about the consequences of teenage pregnancy and abortion. Bosworth appeared in several Broadway shows during the 1950s and 1960s, including Inherit the Wind, Small War on Murray Hill (directed by Garson Kanin), and Jean Kerr's Mary, Mary (where she understudied from 1961 to 1965 before being cast as the lead for the end of the play's run). She played Elaine Stritch's sister in the drama The Sin of Pat Muldoon and a motormouthed teen based on the young Nora Ephron in Phoebe Ephron's comedy Howie. During this period, Bosworth toured in The Glass Menagerie, playing Laura to Helen Hayes's Amanda and Remains to be Seen with Tommy Sands. She worked regularly on popular television series, including Naked City, Kraft Theater (The Man That Didn't Fly - 1958) The Secret Storm, Young Dr. Malone, and The Patty Duke Show. Bosworth can be seen in the film Four Boys and a Gun as James Franciscus's wife and as a disgruntled redhead in the audience of Bert Stern’s 1960 cult documentary Jazz on a Summer's Day, about the 1958 Newport Jazz Festival.
As an actress, Bosworth is perhaps best known for playing Sister Simone, the young friend of Audrey Hepburn's character Sister Luke, in The Nun's Story (1959). Directed by Fred Zinnemann, the film was a box-office success and nominated for multiple Academy Awards. In 1958, upon learning she was cast in The Nun's Story, she learned she was pregnant. She received an abortion at an underground abortionist in Manhattan. Shortly after, she boarded a plane to Rome to meet Fred Zinnemann, where she began to hemorrhage. In Rome, she was sent to a hospital convent where she was to learn about being a nun. The nun discovered she wasn't feeling well due to the abortion and rushed her to the hospital for care. The film was delayed for her recovery.
Journalist
In the mid-1960s, Bosworth left acting to become a journalist. She gained notice as a writer with several Broadway-focused features and interviews published in New York magazine and The New York Times. In November 1965, she was one of three people on the staff of Screen Stars magazine. Subsequently she worked at Magazine Management Company with Mario Puzo, who was then beginning drafts of his novel The Godfather. From 1969 to 1972, Bosworth was senior editor of McCall's; she served as managing editor of Harper's Bazaar from 1972 to 1974. Penthouse founder Bob Guccione hired Bosworth as executive editor of the erotic women's magazine Viva from 1974 to 1976. During the 1970s and 1980s, Bosworth reviewed numerous books for The New York Times, wrote freelance art pieces for the Times, Time Life, and other national magazines, and she contributed a monthly column on arts and entertainment to Working Woman magazine.
Bosworth was an editor at Mirabella from 1993 to 1995. She was first hired as a contributing editor at Vanity Fair in 1984 under Tina Brown’s editorship of the magazine, and she served in this capacity until 1991. She continued to freelance for the magazine until 1997 when she rejoined as contributing editor under Graydon Carter’s leadership, a position she held to the end of her life. Her profile of Elia Kazan and his reflections on the Hollywood Blacklist, published in a spring 1999 issue of Vanity Fair, won Bosworth the Front Page Award from the Newswomen's Club of New York.
Author
Bosworth was the author of bestselling biographies on Montgomery Clift (1978), Diane Arbus (1984), Marlon Brando (2000) and Jane Fonda (2011). Her book, Montgomery Clift: A Biography explores how the actor's introverted approach to his craft influenced James Dean and many others. Bosworth, whose father had been Clift's lawyer in the late 1940s, had total access to Clift's family while doing research for the project. She also spoke to many of Clift's close friends and colleagues. Conversations between Bosworth and Brooks Clift appeared in Montgomery Clift's nephew documentary Making Montgomery Clift.
Bosworth's biography of Arbus, a photographer known for her poetic approach to eccentric and abnormal subjects, was a nuanced appraisal of the artist that also investigated the lurid details of her life, culminating in Arbus's 1971 suicide. The book was critically acclaimed. Andrew Holleran of New York magazine said it was "a biography that seems to have...more than enough material for several art legends...Patricia Bosworth has created a spellbinding portrait." Washington Post Book World reviewed it as "fascinating" and "a compelling biography.. as valuable in its insights into the cultural history of the 50s and 60s as its understanding of the special place Arbus occupies in it." However, the book proved to be extremely controversial, and it did not receive formal approval from the Arbus estate. Bosworth's work is still widely considered to be the definitive biography of Arbus; it was the inspiration for Steven Shainberg’s 2006 film Fur, which starred Nicole Kidman as Diane Arbus and Ty Burrell and Robert Downey Jr. as her husband and lover respectively.
According to Publishers Weekly, Bosworth's biography on Marlon Brando "offers a vivid reminder of the personal and professional highlights of Brando's life...[It is] an informative biography of Brando that, because of the limited format of the Penguin Lives series, hints at but cannot do justice to the great unruliness of Brando's career and life. She provides a fine, detailed sketch of his New York days when he took acting classes with Harry Belafonte, Elaine Stritch, Gene Saks, Shelley Winters, Rod Steiger and Kim Stanley, and presents a great portrait of the craziness on the set of Last Tango in Paris (co-star Maria Schneider announced that they got along 'because we're both bisexual')", but in only 228 pages, the author "can't approach the complexity of her earlier work."
Bosworth spent 10 years completing a biography of Jane Fonda, with whom she had attended sessions at the Actors Studio in the 1950s and 1960s. Fonda granted Bosworth total access; they met frequently throughout the research process for the book. Bosworth's biography Jane Fonda: The Private Life of a Public Woman was on the New York Times bestseller list in 2011 and was named one of Kirkus Reviews’ Best Six Books of the Year.
In addition to her biographies, Bosworth was the author of two memoirs. The first, Anything Your Little Heart Desires: An American Family Story, was published by Simon & Schuster in 1997. It tells the story of Bosworth's father Bartley Crum and how his decision to defend the Hollywood Ten at the height of McCarthyism destroyed his career, ultimately leading to his suicide. Anything was featured on the front page of the New York Times Book Review, and it was named a Notable Book of the Year in 1997. Following publication of this memoir, Bosworth became an active spokeswoman for suicide survivors and suicide prevention. She received the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention’s Lifesavers Award in 1998.
Her book The Men in My Life: A Memoir of Love and Art in 1950s Manhattan was published by HarperCollins in 2017. It examines Bosworth's career as an actress, her early transition into journalism, her first and second marriages, and ways she survived the suicides of both her brother and father.
In 2018, Bosworth released Dreamer with a Thousand Thrills: The Rediscovered Photographs of Tom Palumbo, published by powerHouse Books. The book features Palumbo's fashion photographs and celebrity portraits from the 1950s and 1960s as well as several works that never were published during his lifetime.
Bosworth was working on Protest Song at the time of her death. Protest Song (Farrar, Straus, & Giroux) is about Paul Robeson's work to create federal anti-lynching legislation, which her father collaborated, and J. Edgar Hoover's successful campaign to blacklist Robeson. Similar anti-lynching legislation to that proposed by Robeson and Crum was passed by the U.S. House of Representatives on February 26, 2020.
Personal life and death
During Bosworth's sophomore year at Sarah Lawrence, her brother Bart Jr. committed suicide in 1953 at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. This event, and their father's suicide six years later in 1959, informed Bosworth's work throughout her life.
During her first year at Sarah Lawrence, Bosworth eloped with an art student. The marriage turned abusive, and it was annulled after 16 months. Bosworth married novelist and playwright Mel Arrighi in 1966; the two collaborated on several projects outside of their individual work. Arrighi died due to cardiac arrest and complications from emphysema on September 17, 1986.
Bosworth learned that she was pregnant on the same day that she was cast as Simone for the film The Nun's Story (released 1959). She underwent an underground abortion immediately before leaving for Rome and began to hemorrhage while on the plane. Production of the film was delayed as she recovered.
In the late 1980s, Bosworth was reintroduced to photographer Tom Palumbo, whom she had met decades earlier when Palumbo had been on staff at Harper's Bazaar and Vogue. Palumbo was then moving from photography into directing theatre. He and Bosworth worked on a number of plays together for the Actors Studio and Lincoln Center, including a production of The Seagull starring Laura Linney as Nina and Tammy Grimes as Arkadina. They married in 2000. Palumbo died due to complications from Lewy Body Dementia on October 13, 2008. After Palumbo's death, Bosworth joined the board of the Lewy Body Dementia Resource Center.
Bosworth died from pneumonia and complications of COVID-19 at Mount Sinai West hospital in New York City on April 2, 2020.
Works
Montgomery Clift: A Biography. New York: Harcourt Brace and Bantam, 1978. (Reissued by Limelight Press, 1980)
Diane Arbus. New York: Alfred Knopf and Avon, 1984. (Reissued by W.W. Norton, 1995 and 2005)
Making Contact (play) in Best One-Act Plays of 1991-1992. New York: Applause Books, 1992
Anything Your Little Heart Desires: An American Family Story. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997. (Reissued by Touchstone, 1998)
Marlon Brando. New York: Viking/Penguin, 2001. (Part of the Lives series)
Jane Fonda: The Private Life of a Public Woman. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2011
John Wayne: The Legend and the Man: An Exclusive Look Inside Duke's Archive. John Wayne Enterprises, with contributions by Bosworth, Ron Howard, Ronald Reagan, and Martin Scorsese. New York: PowerHouse Books, 2012
The Men in My Life: Love and Art in 1950s Manhattan. New York: HarperCollins, 2017
Dreamer with a Thousand Thrills: The Rediscovered Photographs of Tom Palumbo. New York: powerHouse Books, 2018
Filmography
References
External links
Official website
Patricia Bosworth papers, 1932-1984, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
Web Site of Ms. Bosworth's husband Tom Palumbo
New York Public Library: Patricia Bosworth papers
1933 births
2020 deaths
American biographers
American women biographers
American film actresses
American stage actresses
Columbia University faculty
Journalists from Oakland, California
Sarah Lawrence College alumni
Chapin School (Manhattan) alumni
20th-century American actresses
American women journalists
Actresses from Oakland, California
Barnard College faculty
Historians from New York (state)
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)
American women academics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia%20Bosworth |
Promus Hotel Corporation was a hotel owner, management, and franchise company based in Memphis, Tennessee. Spun off from the Holiday Corp. in December 1989 as Promus Companies, the company became Promus Hotel Corporation in 1995 after the firm's gambling interests were spun off as Harrah's Entertainment. Promus Hotel Corp. ceased to exist after its purchase by Hilton Hotels Corporation in 1998.
History
Promus Hotel Corporation's beginnings are tied to the original Holiday Corp., which was based in Memphis, Tennessee. Holiday Corp. owned the Holiday Inn hotel chain, but significantly higher competition in the hotel industry and a 1987 financial restructuring that left Holiday Corp. heavily in debt prompted Holiday to sell in August 1989 its Holiday Inn chain (including Crowne Plaza) for $2.23 billion to Bass PLC, a large British brewing concern. This left Holiday Corp. with several far more profitable core gambling and hotel brands, including Harrah's Entertainment, Embassy Suites Hotels, Homewood Suites, and Hampton Inn. In December 1989, Holiday Corp. spun off its hotels as stand-alone Promus Companies. Promus Companies decided to split the gambling interests it owned from its tourist and business travel hotel chains, and in 1995 spun off its non-gambling assets to the stand-alone Promus Hotel Corporation. Promus Companies then changes its name to Harrah's Entertainment.
In September 1997, Doubletree Corporation and Promus Hotel Corporation announced a merger, retaining the Promus name. Almost exactly two years later, the company was purchased by Hilton Hotels Corporation for $3.1 billion.
References
Defunct hotel chains
Hospitality companies of the United States
Hilton Worldwide
Companies based in Memphis, Tennessee
Hotels established in 1994
Holding companies established in 1994
Holding companies disestablished in 1998
1994 establishments in Tennessee
1999 disestablishments in Tennessee
Defunct companies based in Tennessee
Corporate spin-offs
1999 mergers and acquisitions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promus%20Hotel%20Corporation |
A.B. Cop is a futuristic 3D racing arcade game released by Sega in 1990. It never received any official port to home consoles.
Gameplay
Gameplay is similar to that of Chase H.Q.. The player takes on the role of the A.B. (Air Bike) Cop who must chase down and destroy the perpetrators of various crimes (which changes every level) before the time limit expires. A.B Cop introduced an element new to the racing genre: the end-of-level guardian.
Development and release
A.B. Cop was developed by Aicom and released in arcades by Sega in 1990 using their X Board. The soundtrack was composed by Hikoshi Hashimoto. The game has not received any official port to home consoles.
Reception
In Japan, Game Machine listed A.B. Cop on their March 1, 1991 issue as being the thirteenth most-successful upright/cockpit arcade unit of the month, outperforming titles such as Winning Run Suzuka GP and Special Criminal Investigation. Mark Caswell of Zzap!64 gave the game an overall mixed outlook. Spanish magazine Micromanía gave it a positive outlook. Kurt Kalata of Hardcore Gaming 101 gave it a positive retrospective outlook.
References
External links
A.B. Cop at GameFAQs
A.B. Cop at Giant Bomb
A.B. Cop at Killer List of Videogames
A.B. Cop at MobyGames
1990 video games
Aicom games
Arcade video games
Arcade-only video games
Science fiction racing games
Sega arcade games
Video games about police officers
Video games developed in Japan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.B.%20Cop |
Kim Betts (born Kim Williams 25 December 1971) is a British gymnast, bodybuilder, and TV presenter best known as Lightning in the ITV show Gladiators, where she was the longest-serving female star.
Gymnastics
At age six Betts took up gymnastics after she was accepted into Lichfield Olympic Gymnastic Club. Betts had her first competitive event when she was eight years old. In her time as a gymnast she competed all over Great Britain as well as in Bulgaria, Belgium, and Germany. Between the ages of 10 and 16 she trained with the British Squad and gained 32 medals.
In 1990's Kim did tour with 2 men from Olympics and went to white Lee school in Batley
Before joining Gladiators
Weight training
After gymnastics Betts took up weight training, competed four times in the Miss Figure Bodybuilding competition, and came second in the British Championship Finals. She also won the Willenhall BB Show, Muscle Beach Open and the EFBB British Qualifier. She was a fitness instructor for eighteen months.
Gladiators
As Lightning, she was known as one of the toughest and most determined of the UK Gladiators. Known as the Queen of Hang Tough, she remained undefeated in the UK Arena and was only ever beaten once, during the first Ashes series in Australia. That loss happened on the first heat of the first Ashes against Australia's Kerry Warman, who slid past Lightning and defeated her.
Betts gave birth to a baby boy called Lexus three weeks before competing in the Gladiators arena for the 1999 series.
Lightning appeared in every domestic & international series bar Springbok 2. Her usual attire was a leotard and sometimes sports bra and pants. She made a return to Gladiators for the 2008 revamp in a "Legends" special, competing alongside former Gladiators Flame, Rebel, Rocket, Ace, Hunter, Trojan, and Wolf as special contenders against the new Gladiators for charity. Lightning later returned again for a second Legends special, alongside Scorpio, Siren, Rocket, Bullitt, Cobra, Trojan, and Wolf.
She was the only female gladiator to have starred in all series for the show.
References
External links
1971 births
Living people
People from Burntwood
English female bodybuilders
Gladiators (1992 British TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Betts |
The Battle of Quinton's Bridge was a minor battle of the American Revolutionary War fought on March 18, 1778, during the British occupation of Philadelphia. New Jersey militia companies defending a bridge across Alloway Creek in Salem County, New Jersey, were lured into a trap by British Lieutenant Colonel Charles Mawhood and suffered significant casualties.
Background
In late 1777, British forces under the command of General William Howe occupied Philadelphia, the seat of the Second Continental Congress, and viewed by Howe as the capital of the rebellious Thirteen Colonies. The occupation was not an easy one, as the surrounding countryside swarmed with Continental Army and Patriot militia companies as part of a campaign by George Washington against British supply lines. The winter of 1777–1778 was particularly harsh for the Americans, but both sides regularly sent out significant forces to forage for their own side and to interfere with the foraging operations of the other side.
On February 19, with the Continental Army in desperate need of provisions, Brigadier General Anthony Wayne led a force across the Delaware River south of Philadelphia on a foraging expedition through southern New Jersey. General Howe responded by sending a force of about 4,000 men to harass Wayne. However, Wayne moved rapidly northward, gathering provisions, forcing residents to move supplies he could not take away from easy British reach, and occasionally skirmishing with the chasing British. Howe sent another force in March under Lieutenant Colonel Charles Mawhood to forage and also to try to force Wayne into battle. On March 17, Mawhood led a mixed force of 1,200 men, consisting of British regulars and Loyalist companies of New Jersey Volunteers and John Graves Simcoe's Queen's Rangers, across the Delaware River into Salem County, New Jersey. General Wayne, alert to British movements, had largely completed his work and was in Burlington, preparing to return to Valley Forge.
Alloway Creek in Salem County formed a natural line of defense, and the local militia, after learning of the British movement, established strong defensive positions at the two crossings nearest the Delaware, Quinton's Bridge and Hancock's Bridge, to prevent the British from crossing. Mawhood led his force to Salem, where they were met by some local Loyalists who told them that Colonel Benjamin Holme, along with 300 militia, was at Quinton's Bridge, only three miles (4.8 km) to the southeast. Holme had established his position on the north side of the bridge, and had taken up the bridge's planking to prevent its easy use.
Battle
Before dawn on March 18, Mawhood moved several detachments of men into position on the side of the creek opposite the American forces. He then displayed a portion of his force moving away from the bridge, as if to retreat. As soon as the Americans saw this movement, Captain William Smith replaced the planks and gave chase with 200 of the 300 men guarding the bridge. This force followed the British further along the road, eventually making contact with another group of soldiers that had been posted behind a rail fence. The remainder of the British force was nearby, posted in a house by the fence.
When Smith and his men were attacked, the soldiers posted in the house slipped out and ran to the Americans' rear, cutting off any retreat to the bridge. They then forced Smith's force to attempt another crossing of the creek. At this point the main body of British soldiers arrived at the bridge and attempted to cross over to the American position. They were stopped by Colonel Elijah Hand and his militia, who arrived with two guns in time to stop a complete annihilation of the American force. In the event, the Americans lost between 30 and 40 men in the engagement, most to drowning.
Aftermath
Although the force at Quinton's Bridge had taken significant casualties, Colonel Hand and his men stayed to reinforce the position. Mawhood attempted to force the militia to retire the next day, but they were well-positioned and could not be dislodged. Mawhood then detached Major Simcoe and his rangers to attack the position at Hancock's Bridge. Simcoe and his men returned to the Delaware, and maneuvered downstream to reach the south side of the creek. From there they marched, according to Simcoe's account through difficult terrain, to the southern end of Hancock's Bridge. There they completely surprised 20 to 30 men stationed in the house of local judge William Hancock, putting them all to the bayonet. Although they had not intended to kill Hancock, Simcoe's intelligence had reported that Hancock had abandoned the house when it was occupied by the militia; in fact he had returned home the evening before, and was among those slain.
Mawhood then sent a letter to Colonel Hand, warning him that if the militia did not put down their arms, he would "attack the militia wearing arms, burn their houses, and reduce them, their unfortunate wives, and their children to beggary and distress." Hand eloquently rejected the threat, writing that "[y]our threat to burn and destroy, induces me to imagine that I am reading the orders of a barbarous Attila, and not of a gentleman, brave, generous, and polished."
Wayne's expedition through southern New Jersey heightened tensions between General Washington and New Jersey officials, since it brought on a wave of British violence, orchestrated by Colonel Mawhood. New Jersey had largely been left to its own defenses during the winter, and the British response to Wayne's movements led New Jersey officials to demand a Continental Army presence. One week after Wayne's departure, Washington sent a small detachment of Continentals into southern New Jersey, but it was wholly ineffective at preventing the crumbling of southern New Jersey militia organizations.
Notes
References
Historical collections of New Jersey, past and present, Volume 1 (contains a version of Simcoe's sketch of the affair)
Historical Collections of the State of New Jersey. By: John W. Barber and Henry Howe. Published by S. Tuttle (New York), 1844
Further reading
Stewart, Frank H. Salem County in the Revolution. Salem, NJ: Salem County Historical Society.
Quinton's Bridge
Quinton's Bridge
Quinton's Bridge
1778 in the United States
Quinton's Bridge
1778 in New Jersey
Salem County, New Jersey
Quinton Township, New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Quinton%27s%20Bridge |
The 2005 Major League Baseball season was notable for the league's new steroid policy in the wake of the BALCO scandal, which enforced harsher penalties than ever before for steroid use in Major League Baseball. Several players, including veteran Rafael Palmeiro, were suspended under the new policy. Besides steroids it was also notable that every team in the NL East finished the season with at least 81 wins (at least half of the 162 games played). Additionally it was the first season featuring a baseball team in Washington, D.C. since the second iteration of the Washington Senators last played there in 1971; the Washington Nationals had moved from Montreal, the first relocation of a team in 34 years and currently the last time this has occurred in the majors.
The Anaheim Angels changed their name to the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.
The season ended when the Chicago White Sox defeated the Houston Astros in a four-game sweep in the World Series, winning their first championship since 1917.
As of the 2023 season, this is the last season in which no no-hit games were pitched; 2005 was also only the 6th year since 1949 in which no such games were thrown.
Standings
American League
National League
Postseason
Bracket
Note: Two teams in the same division could not meet in the division series.
Statistical leaders
Batting
Team
Individual
Pitching
Team
Individual
Managers
American League
National League
±hosted the MLB All Star Game
Awards and honors
Other awards
Comeback Players of the Year: Jason Giambi (Designated hitter/first baseman, NYY, American); Ken Griffey Jr. (Center fielder, CIN, National).
Edgar Martínez Award (Best designated hitter): David Ortiz (BOS)
Hank Aaron Award: David Ortiz (BOS, American); Andruw Jones (ATL, National).
Roberto Clemente Award (Humanitarian): John Smoltz (ATL).
Rolaids Relief Man Award: Mariano Rivera (NYY, American); Chad Cordero (WSH, National).
Delivery Man of the Year (Best Reliever): Mariano Rivera (NYY).
Warren Spahn Award (Best left-handed pitcher): Dontrelle Willis (FLA)
Player of the Month
Pitcher of the Month
Rookie of the Month
Home field attendance and payroll
Television coverage
This was the fifth season that national TV coverage was split between ESPN and Fox Sports. ESPN and ESPN2 aired selected weeknight and Sunday night games, and selected Division Series playoff games. Fox televised Saturday baseball, the All-Star Game, selected Division Series games, both League Championship Series, and the World Series.
Events
March 24 - a spring training game between the Arizona Diamondbacks and the Colorado Rockies was abandoned after five innings because of a swarm of bees which settled over the field.
April 29 - The highly anticipated matchup of Roger Clemens of the Houston Astros vs. Greg Maddux of the Chicago Cubs took place at Minute Maid Park, two of the most acclaimed pitchers of the modern era (between them are 11 Cy Young awards - 7 and 4 respectively). Both Clemens and Maddux had 300 career wins at this point in their careers, a feat that is arguably impossible for modern era pitchers to achieve since the advent of middle and closing relief rosters. The Cubs went on to win the game 3–2.
June 18 – Derek Jeter of the New York Yankees hits the first grand slam of his 11-year major league career, as the Yankees defeat the Chicago Cubs 8–1.
See also
2005 Nippon Professional Baseball season
Notes
Major League Baseball seasons since 1901 without a no-hitter pitched are 1909, 1913, 1921, 1927–1928, 1932–1933, 1936, 1939, 1942–1943, 1949, 1959, 1982, 1985, 1989, 2000 and 2005.
References
External links
2005 Major League Baseball season schedule at Baseball Reference
Major League Baseball seasons | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20Major%20League%20Baseball%20season |
Kurt D. Squire (born July 10, 1972, in Valparaiso, Indiana) is a professor at The University of California, Irvine, member of the Connected Learning Laboratory, and former director of the Games, Learning & Society Initiative at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, best known for his research into game design for education.
Biography
Squire was born as the elder of two children to Walter "Dean" Squire, an accountant, and Susan Elizabeth Nelson, a German language teacher. He attended Portage High School, graduating in 1990, then going on to study at the Western College Program at Miami University.
Squire is married to Constance Steinkuehler, also a video game scholar and professor at the University of California, Irvine.
Education/teaching career
He received a B.Phil. in interdisciplinary studies in 1994 from Miami University, and earned a Ph.D. in education in 2004 from Indiana University. He taught at the Knoxville Montessori School and the McGuffey Foundation School between 1994 and 1996; later he became research manager of the Games-to-Teach Project at MIT.
Squire is the recipient of an National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER grant, as well as grant support from the NSF, National Institutes of Healthy, Department of Education, the MacArthur Foundation, AMD and Gates Foundations, as well as companies such as Microsoft, DeVry, and the Data Recognition Corporation. A big music fan and harmonicaist, he has led many discussions on the drum sound on Jason Isbell's "Be Afraid" and his favorite Daniel Lanois album is Waves of Air. Squire wrote a regular column for Computer Games magazine, and has been interviewed for many periodicals and media outlets, from PBS to wired.com.
References
External links
List of publications
GLS Conference website
1972 births
Living people
American male journalists
Journalists from California
Indiana University alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
Miami University alumni
People from Valparaiso, Indiana
University of California, Irvine faculty
Video game culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt%20Squire |
Li Ching-Yuen or Li Ching-Yun (), (died May 6, 1933) was a Chinese herbalist, martial artist and tactical advisor, known for his supposed extreme longevity.
His true date of birth has never been determined. Gerontologists consider his claims to be a myth.
Biography
Ching-Yuen worked as a herbalist, selling lingzhi, goji berry, wild ginseng, he shou wu and gotu kola along with other Chinese herbs, and lived off a diet of these herbs and rice wine.
It was generally accepted in Sichuan, that Ching-Yuen was fully literate as a child, and that by his tenth birthday had travelled to Gansu, Shanxi, Tibet, Vietnam, Thailand and Manchuria with the purpose of gathering herbs, continuing with this occupation for a century, before beginning to purvey herbs gathered by others.
The Zhili warlord Wu Peifu (吳佩孚) took him into his home in an attempt to discover the secret of living 250 years.
He died from natural causes on 6 May 1933 in Kai Xian, Sichuan, Republic of China. Ching-Yuen supposedly produced over 200 descendants during his life span, surviving 24 wives. Other sources credit him with 180 descendants, over 11 generations, living at the time of his death and 14 marriages.
After his death, the aforementioned Yang Sen wrote a report about him, A Factual Account of the 250 Year-Old Good-Luck Man (一个250岁长寿老人的真实记载), in which he described Ching-Yuen appearance: "He has good eyesight and a brisk stride; Li stands seven feet tall, has very long fingernails, and a ruddy complexion."
Timeline of lifespan according to General Yang Sen
It is alleged that Ching-Yuen was born at Qijiang County, Sichuan province, in 1677. By age thirteen, he had embarked upon a life of gathering herbs in the mountains with three elders. At age fifty-one, he served as a tactical and topography advisor in the army of General Yue Zhongqi.
When seventy-eight he retired from his military career after fighting in a battle at Golden River, and returned to a life of gathering herbs on Snow Mountain in Sichuan province. Due to his military service in the army of General Yue Zhongqi, the imperial government sent a document congratulating Li on his one hundredth year of life, as was subsequently done on his 150th and 200th birthdays.
In 1908, Ching-Yuen and his disciple Yang Hexuan published a book, The Secrets of Li Qingyun’s Immortality.
In 1920, General Xiong Yanghe interviewed Ching-Yuen (both men were from the village of Chenjiachang of Wan County in Sichuan province), publishing an article about it in the Nanjing University paper that same year.
In 1926, Wu Peifu invited Ching-Yuen to Beijing. This visit coincides with Li teaching at the Beijing University Meditation Society at the invitation of the famous meditation master and author Yin Shi Zi.
Then in 1927, General Yang Sen invited Ching-Yuen to Wanxian, where the first known photographs of him were taken. Word spread throughout China of Ching-Yuen, and Yang Sen's commander, General Chiang Kai-shek, requested him to visit Nanjing. However, when Yang Sen's envoys arrived at Ching-Yuen hometown of Chenjiachang, they were told by his wife and disciples that he had died in nature, offering no more information. So, his actual date of death and location have never been verified.
In 1928, Dean Wu Chung-chien of the Department of Education at Min Kuo University, discovered the imperial documents showing these birthday wishes to Ching-Yuen. His discovery was first reported in the two leading Chinese newspapers of that period, North China Daily News and Shanghai Declaration News, and then maybe one year later, potentially in 1929 by The New York Times and Time magazine. Both of these Western publications reported the death of Ching-Yuen in May 1933.
Longevity
Whereas Li Ching-Yuen himself claimed to have been born in 1736, Wu Chung-chieh, a professor of the Chengdu University, asserted that Li was born in 1677: according to a 1930 New York Times article, Wu discovered Imperial Chinese government records from 1827 congratulating Li on his 150th birthday, and further documents later congratulating him on his 200th birthday in 1877. In 1928, a New York Times correspondent wrote that many of the old men in Li's neighborhood asserted that their grandfathers knew him when they were boys, and that he at that time was a grown man.
A correspondent of The New York Times reported that "many who have seen him recently declare that his facial appearance is no different from that of persons two centuries his junior." Gerontological researchers have called his age claim "fantastical" and also noted that his age at death, 256 years, was chosen as a multiple of 8, which is considered good luck in China. Additionally, the connection of Li's age to his spiritual practices has been pointed to; researchers perceived that "these types of things [the myth that certain philosophies or religious practices allow a person to live to extreme old age] are most common in the Far East".
One of Li's disciples, the Taijiquan Master Da Liu, told of his master's story: when 130 years old Master Li encountered in the mountains an older hermit, over 500 years old, who taught him Baguazhang and a set of Qigong with breathing instructions, movements training coordinated with specific sounds, and dietary recommendations. Da Liu reports that his master said that his longevity "is he performed the exercises every day – regularly, correctly, and with sincerity – for 120 years."
The article "Tortoise-Pigeon-Dog", from the 15 May 1933 issue of Time reports on his history, and includes Li's answer to the secret of a long life:
An article in the Evening Independent claims that Li's longevity is due to his experimentation with medicinal herbs in his capacity as a druggist, his discovery in the Yunnan mountains of herbs which "prevent the ravages of old age" and which he continued to use throughout his life.
See also
Longevity myths
Longevity claims
Oldest people
Jiroemon Kimura – a Japanese supercentenarian and the oldest verified man
Zaro Aga
References
External links
Chi Kung – Qigong – Meditation
CEMETRAC – Centro de Estudos da Medicina Tradicional e Cultura Chinesa
Tortoise-Pigeon-Dog – Time article on Li Ching-Yuen (15 May 1933)
1933 deaths
Chinese baguazhang practitioners
Longevity myths
Qing dynasty Taoists
Republic of China Taoists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%20Ching-Yuen |
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