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license: cc-by-4.0
language:
- el
pretty_name: MORFES
size_categories:
- n<1K
annotations_creators:
- expert-generated
language_creators:
- expert-generated
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- multiple-choice
- text-generation
tags:
- morphology
- inflection
- modern-greek
- greek
- linguistics
- evaluation
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: test
path: morfes.csv
---
<div style="max-width:820px">
<div style="display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px;padding:16px 20px;margin-bottom:16px;max-width:820px;border-radius:14px;background:linear-gradient(100deg,#e8f5ec 0%,#f7fbf8 62%);border:1px solid #c6e7d1"><img alt="Sophea AI" style="flex:0 0 auto;height:58px;width:58px;border-radius:12px;object-fit:contain" 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style="font-size:1.24rem;font-weight:700;color:#003713;line-height:1.2">MORFES</div><div style="font-size:.86rem;color:#3a5a47;margin-top:2px">Benchmark for Productive Inflectional Competence in Modern Greek</div></div></div>
**MORFES** (Morphological Open-class Recognition-and-Formation Evaluation Suite; also μορφές, Greek for "forms") is a benchmark of 500 expert-verified items testing productive inflectional competence in Modern Greek.
- **Task:** Modern Greek inflectional morphology (recognition and production)
- **Languages:** Greek
- **Size:** 500 items
- **License:** CC-BY-4.0
<div style="border:1px solid #c6e7d1;border-radius:12px;padding:16px 18px;margin:8px 0 22px;max-width:820px;background:#f7fbf8">
<div style="font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#0b6b39;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px">Resources</div>
<div style="font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.5;color:#3a5a47;margin-bottom:12px">MORFES is introduced and described in the accompanying paper.<br>Sophea-Genesis-1, an open Greek language model, is released alongside it.<br>On MORFES it is the most accurate of the open models we evaluated.</div>
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<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.28274" style="text-decoration:none;padding:6px 14px;border-radius:8px;background:#003713;color:#fff;font-size:.85rem;font-weight:600">📄 Read the paper (arXiv)</a>
<a href="https://huggingface.co/KIEFERSA/Sophea-Genesis-1" style="text-decoration:none;padding:6px 14px;border-radius:8px;background:#ffffff;color:#003713;border:1px solid #c6e7d1;font-size:.85rem;font-weight:600">🤖 Sophea-Genesis-1 (model)</a>
</div>
</div>
Given a lemma (dictionary form) and a grammatical specification, each item probes whether a model can recognize and produce the correct inflected form. MORFES favors lower-frequency lemmas so that a correct answer reflects the productive rule rather than a memorized form. The full construct, item selection, frequency control, and evaluation are described in the accompanying paper.
## Categories
The 500 items span six categories: the three richly inflecting open classes (noun, adjective, verb), each in a single-form and a full-paradigm variant.
| Category | Items |
|---|---:|
| Noun declension: single form | 50 |
| Noun declension: full paradigm | 50 |
| Adjective declension: single form | 50 |
| Adjective declension: full paradigm | 50 |
| Verb conjugation: single form | 150 |
| Verb conjugation: full paradigm | 150 |
A single-form item asks for one cell of a paradigm (for example the genitive singular of a noun); a full-paradigm item asks for a complete sub-table (for example all six persons of a verb tense). The set is verb-weighted, with 300 of the 500 items verbs: the verb is the most richly inflecting of the three, with far more distinct forms than a noun or adjective, so an equal split would under-sample the open class that inflects the most.
## Data fields
One row per item, 10 columns:
| Column | Description |
|---|---|
| `id` | Stable item identifier, for example `gr-00001`. |
| `category` | One of the six categories above. |
| `question` | The item prompt, in Greek. |
| `A`, `B`, `C`, `D` | The four candidate forms. Their order is randomized per item. |
| `answer` | The letter (`A` to `D`) of the correct option. |
| `accepted_answers` | The correct surface form(s), as a JSON string: a flat list for single-form items (for example `["θέρισαν", "θερίσανε"]`, the aorist third-person plural of «θερίζω», "to reap"), and a list of per-cell lists for full-paradigm items. Greek often admits more than one correct form for a single specification. |
| `lemma` | The base (dictionary) form the item is built on. One distinct lemma per item. |
The file is a UTF-8 CSV; standard loaders read it directly:
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("KIEFERSA/MORFES", split="test")
```
## Contamination control
Each item's `lemma` is provided so users can hold these lemmas out of a model's training data and guard against contamination. Every item is built on a distinct lemma, and the requested form is never the lemma's dictionary form, so no item can be answered by repeating a word from the prompt.
## Citation
If you use MORFES, please cite:
```bibtex
@misc{perros2026morfes,
title = {{MORFES}: A Benchmark for Productive Inflectional Competence in Modern Greek},
author = {Perros, Ioakeim and Papadopoulou, Cleopatra and Kirouane, Ayoub and Petrocheilos, Christos},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/KIEFERSA/MORFES}},
note = {arXiv:2607.28274}
}
```
## License
MORFES is released under the [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) license. You may share and adapt the data, including for commercial use, provided you give appropriate attribution; please attribute by citing the paper above.
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