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super-earths - planets with sizes between the earth and neptune - are found in tighter orbits than that of the earth around more than one third of main sequence stars. it has been proposed that super-earths are scaled-up terrestrial planets that also formed similarly, through mutual accretion of planetary embryos, but ... | formation of planetary systems by pebble accretion and migration. how the radial pebble flux determines a terrestrial-planet or super-earth growth mode |
in the present paper we generate a set of solutions describing the interior of a compact star under f(r,t) theory of gravity which admits conformal motion. an extension of general relativity, the f(r,t) gravity is associated to ricci scalar r and the trace of the energy-momentum tensor t. to handle the einstein field e... | compact stars in f(r,t) gravity |
we present light curves from a magnitude limited set of stars and other stationary luminous objects from the tess full frame images, as reduced by the mit quick look pipeline (qlp). our light curves cover the full two-year tess primary mission and include ∼14,770,000 and ∼9,600,000 individual light curve segments in th... | photometry of 10 million stars from the first two years of tess full frame images: part ii |
eleven hours after the detection of gravitational wave source gw170817 by the laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory and virgo interferometers, an associated optical transient, sss17a, was identified in the galaxy ngc 4993. although the gravitational wave data indicate that gw170817 is consistent with the ... | electromagnetic evidence that sss17a is the result of a binary neutron star merger |
we present the first limits on the epoch of reionization 21 cm h i power spectra, in the redshift range z = 7.9-10.6, using the low-frequency array (lofar) high-band antenna (hba). in total, 13.0 hr of data were used from observations centered on the north celestial pole. after subtraction of the sky model and the nois... | upper limits on the 21 cm epoch of reionization power spectrum from one night with lofar |
we present results on the dust attenuation curve of z ∼ 2 galaxies using early observations from the mosfire deep evolution field survey. our sample consists of 224 star-forming galaxies with zspec = 1.36-2.59 and high signal-to-noise ratio measurements of hα and hβ obtained with keck/mosfire. we construct composite sp... | the mosdef survey: measurements of balmer decrements and the dust attenuation curve at redshifts z ~ 1.4-2.6 |
long-duration γ-ray bursts (grbs) originate from ultra-relativistic jets launched from the collapsing cores of dying massive stars. they are characterized by an initial phase of bright and highly variable radiation in the kiloelectronvolt-to-megaelectronvolt band, which is probably produced within the jet and lasts fro... | observation of inverse compton emission from a long γ-ray burst |
ensemble studies of red-giant stars with exquisite asteroseismic (kepler), spectroscopic (apogee), and astrometric (gaia) constraints offer a novel opportunity to recast and address long-standing questions concerning the evolution of stars and of the galaxy. here, we infer masses and ages for nearly 5400 giants with av... | age dissection of the milky way discs: red giants in the kepler field |
we present a new method to detect planetary transits from time-series photometry, the transit least squares (tls) algorithm. tls searches for transit-like features while taking the stellar limb darkening and planetary ingress and egress into account. we have optimized tls for both signal detection efficiency (sde) of s... | optimized transit detection algorithm to search for periodic transits of small planets |
geochemical and astronomical evidence demonstrates that planet formation occurred in two spatially and temporally separated reservoirs. the origin of this dichotomy is unknown. we use numerical models to investigate how the evolution of the solar protoplanetary disk influenced the timing of protoplanet formation and th... | bifurcation of planetary building blocks during solar system formation |
following the discovery of the gravitational-wave source gw170817 by three laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory (ligo)/virgo antennae (abbott et al., 2017a), the master global robotic net telescopes obtained the first image of the ngc 4993 host galaxy. an optical transient, master otj130948.10-232253.3/s... | master optical detection of the first ligo/virgo neutron star binary merger gw170817 |
atacama large millimeter array (alma) surveys have suggested that the dust in class ii disks may not be enough to explain the averaged solid mass in exoplanets, under the assumption that the mm disk continuum emission is optically thin. this optically thin assumption seems to be supported by recent disk substructures a... | one solution to the mass budget problem for planet formation: optically thick disks with dust scattering |
in optics, the ability to measure individual quanta of light (photons) enables a great many applications, ranging from dynamic imaging within living organisms to secure quantum communication. pioneering photon counting experiments, such as the intensity interferometry performed by hanbury brown and twiss to measure the... | phonon counting and intensity interferometry of a nanomechanical resonator |
we present a comprehensive study of the abundance evolution of the elements from h to u in the milky way halo and local disc. we use a consistent chemical evolution model, metallicity-dependent isotopic yields from low and intermediate mass stars and yields from massive stars which include, for the first time, the comb... | chemical evolution with rotating massive star yields - i. the solar neighbourhood and the s-process elements |
we report two secure ( $z=3.775,4.012$ ) and one tentative (z ≈ 3.767) spectroscopic confirmations of massive and quiescent galaxies through k-band observations with keck/mosfire and very large telescope/x-shooter. the stellar continuum emission, absence of strong nebular emission lines, and lack of significant far-inf... | quiescent galaxies 1.5 billion years after the big bang and their progenitors |
we review the progress in modeling the galaxy population in hydrodynamical simulations of the λcdm cosmogony. state-of-the-art simulations now broadly reproduce the observed spatial clustering of galaxies; the distributions of key characteristics, such as mass, size, and sfr; and scaling relations connecting diverse pr... | hydrodynamical simulations of the galaxy population: enduring successes and outstanding challenges |
astronomers have discovered thousands of planets outside the solar system1, most of which orbit stars that will eventually evolve into red giants and then into white dwarfs. during the red giant phase, any close-orbiting planets will be engulfed by the star2, but more distant planets can survive this phase and remain i... | a giant planet candidate transiting a white dwarf |
launched on 12 aug. 2018, nasa's parker solar probe had completed 13 of its scheduled 24 orbits around the sun by nov. 2022. the mission's primary science goal is to determine the structure and dynamics of the sun's coronal magnetic field, understand how the solar corona and wind are heated and accelerated, and determi... | parker solar probe: four years of discoveries at solar cycle minimum |
galaxies fall into two clearly distinct types: `blue-sequence' galaxies which are rapidly forming young stars, and `red-sequence' galaxies in which star formation has almost completely ceased. most galaxies more massive than 3 × 1010 m⊙ follow the red sequence, while less massive central galaxies lie on the blue sequen... | the dark nemesis of galaxy formation: why hot haloes trigger black hole growth and bring star formation to an end |
we present the first extensive radio to γ-ray observations of a fast-rising blue optical transient, at 2018cow, over its first ∼100 days. at 2018cow rose over a few days to a peak luminosity l pk ∼ 4 × 1044 erg s-1, exceeding that of superluminous supernovae (sne), before declining as l ∝ t -2. initial spectra at δt ≲ ... | an embedded x-ray source shines through the aspherical at 2018cow: revealing the inner workings of the most luminous fast-evolving optical transients |
the discovery of gw170817 with gravitational waves (gws) and electromagnetic (em) radiation is prompting new questions in strong-gravity astrophysics. importantly, it remains unknown whether the progenitor of the merger comprised two neutron stars (nss) or a ns and a black hole (bh). using new numerical-relativity simu... | distinguishing the nature of comparable-mass neutron star binary systems with multimessenger observations: gw170817 case study |
recent observations of gn-z11 with jwst/nirspec revealed numerous oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and helium emission lines at z = 10.6. using the measured line fluxes, we derive abundance ratios of individual elements within the interstellar medium (ism) of this superluminous galaxy. driven by the unusually-bright n iii] λ1... | nitrogen enhancements 440 myr after the big bang: supersolar n/o, a tidal disruption event, or a dense stellar cluster in gn-z11? |
the brightness of the tip of the red-giant branch (trgb) allows one to constrain novel energy losses that would lead to a larger core mass at helium ignition and, thus, to a brighter trgb than expected by standard stellar models. the required absolute trgb calibrations strongly improve with reliable geometric distances... | axion and neutrino bounds improved with new calibrations of the tip of the red-giant branch using geometric distance determinations |
the primary method for inferring the stellar mass (m*) of a galaxy is through spectral energy distribution (sed) modeling. however, the technique rests on assumptions such as the galaxy star formation history (sfh) and dust attenuation law that can severely impact the accuracy of derived physical properties from sed mo... | how well can we measure the stellar mass of a galaxy: the impact of the assumed star formation history model in sed fitting |
observations have found black holes spanning 10 orders of magnitude in mass across most of cosmic history. the kerr black hole solution is, however, provisional as its behavior at infinity is incompatible with an expanding universe. black hole models with realistic behavior at infinity predict that the gravitating mass... | observational evidence for cosmological coupling of black holes and its implications for an astrophysical source of dark energy |
we analyse scaling relations and evolution histories of galaxy sizes in tng100, part of the illustristng simulation suite. observational qualitative trends of size with stellar mass, star formation rate and redshift are reproduced, and a quantitative comparison of projected r band sizes at 0 ≲ z ≲ 2 shows agreement to ... | the size evolution of star-forming and quenched galaxies in the illustristng simulation |
in addition to long-lived radioactive nuclei like u and th isotopes, which have been used to measure the age of thegalaxy, also radioactive nuclei with half-lives between 0.1 and 100 million years (short-lived radionuclides, slrs) were present in the early solar system (ess), as indicated by high-precision meteoritic a... | radioactive nuclei from cosmochronology to habitability |
coronal jets represent important manifestations of ubiquitous solar transients, which may be the source of significant mass and energy input to the upper solar atmosphere and the solar wind. while the energy involved in a jet-like event is smaller than that of "nominal" solar flares and coronal mass ejections (cmes), j... | solar coronal jets: observations, theory, and modeling |
the carmenes radial velocity (rv) survey is observing 324 m dwarfs to search for any orbiting planets. in this paper, we present the survey sample by publishing one carmenes spectrum for each m dwarf. these spectra cover the wavelength range 520-1710 nm at a resolution of at least r >80 000, and we measure its rv, h... | the carmenes search for exoplanets around m dwarfs. high-resolution optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of 324 survey stars |
we present a study of 33 kepler planet-candidate host stars for which asteroseismic observations have sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio to allow extraction of individual pulsation frequencies. we implement a new bayesian scheme that is flexible in its input to process individual oscillation frequencies, combinati... | ages and fundamental properties of kepler exoplanet host stars from asteroseismology |
information on the phase structure of strongly interacting matter at high baryon densities can be gained from observations of neutron stars and their detailed analysis. in the present work bayesian inference methods are used to set constraints on the speed of sound in the interior of neutron stars, based on recent mult... | inference of the sound speed and related properties of neutron stars |
probing the origin of r-process elements in the universe represents a multidisciplinary challenge. we review the observational evidence that probes the properties of r-process sites, and address them using galactic chemical evolution simulations, binary population synthesis models, and nucleosynthesis calculations. our... | neutron star mergers might not be the only source of r-process elements in the milky way |
we present starforge (star formation in gaseous environments): a new numerical framework for 3d radiation magnetohydrodynamic (mhd) simulations of star formation that simultaneously follow the formation, accretion, evolution, and dynamics of individual stars in massive giant molecular clouds (gmcs), while accounting fo... | starforge: towards a comprehensive numerical model of star cluster formation and feedback |
extremely irradiated hot jupiters, exoplanets reaching dayside temperatures >2000 k, stretch our understanding of planetary atmospheres and the models we use to interpret observations. while these objects are planets in every other sense, their atmospheres reach temperatures at low pressures comparable only to stell... | extremely irradiated hot jupiters: non-oxide inversions, h- opacity, and thermal dissociation of molecules |
fast radio bursts (frbs) are millisecond-duration radio transients1,2 of unknown origin. two possible mechanisms that could generate extremely coherent emission from frbs invoke neutron star magnetospheres3-5 or relativistic shocks far from the central energy source6-8. detailed polarization observations may help us to... | diverse polarization angle swings from a repeating fast radio burst source |
light curves, explosion energies, and remnant masses are calculated for a grid of supernovae resulting from massive helium stars that have been evolved including mass loss. these presupernova stars should approximate the results of binary evolution for stars in interacting systems that lose their envelopes close to the... | the explosion of helium stars evolved with mass loss |
galaxy clusters magnify background objects through strong gravitational lensing. typical magnifications for lensed galaxies are factors of a few but can also be as high as tens or hundreds, stretching galaxies into giant arcs1,2. individual stars can attain even higher magnifications given fortuitous alignment with the... | a highly magnified star at redshift 6.2 |
powerful winds driven by active galactic nuclei are often thought to affect the evolution of both supermassive black holes and their host galaxies, quenching star formation and explaining the close relationship between black holes and galaxies. recent observations of large-scale molecular outflows in ultraluminous infr... | wind from the black-hole accretion disk driving a molecular outflow in an active galaxy |
we construct a large set of dynamical models of the galactic bulge, bar and inner disc using the made-to-measure method. our models are constrained to match the red clump giant density from a combination of the vvv, ukidss and 2mass infrared surveys together with stellar kinematics in the bulge from the brava and ogle ... | dynamical modelling of the galactic bulge and bar: the milky way's pattern speed, stellar and dark matter mass distribution |
the orbital distribution of giant planets is crucial for understanding how terrestrial planets form and predicting yields of exoplanet surveys. here, we derive giant planets occurrence rates as a function of orbital period by taking into account the detection efficiency of the kepler and radial velocity (rv) surveys. t... | hints for a turnover at the snow line in the giant planet occurrence rate |
the idea of stable, localized bundles of energy has strong appeal as a model for particles. in the 1950s, john wheeler envisioned such bundles as smooth configurations of electromagnetic energy that he called geons, but none were found. instead, particle-like solutions were found in the late 1960s with the addition of ... | dynamical boson stars |
we discovered 2.8 s pulsations in the x-ray emission of the ultraluminous x-ray source (ulx) m51 ulx-7 within the unseen project, which was designed to hunt for new pulsating ulxs (pulxs) with xmm-newton. the pulse shape is sinusoidal, and large variations of its amplitude were observed even within single exposures (pu... | discovery of a 2.8 s pulsar in a 2 day orbit high-mass x-ray binary powering the ultraluminous x-ray source ulx-7 in m51 |
we study the distribution of cold dark matter (cdm) in cosmological simulations from the fire (feedback in realistic environments) project, for m* ∼ 104-11 m⊙ galaxies in mh ∼ 109-12 m⊙ haloes. fire incorporates explicit stellar feedback in the multiphase interstellar medium, with energetics from stellar population mod... | the impact of baryonic physics on the structure of dark matter haloes: the view from the fire cosmological simulations |
supermassive black holes (smbhs) that reside at the centres of galaxies can inject vast amounts of energy into the surrounding gas and are thought to be a viable mechanism to quench star formation in massive galaxies. here, we study the $10^{9-12.5}\, \mathrm{m_\odot }$ stellar mass central galaxy population of the ill... | ejective and preventative: the illustristng black hole feedback and its effects on the thermodynamics of the gas within and around galaxies |
the first observation of a binary neutron star (ns) coalescence by the advanced ligo and advanced virgo gravitational-wave (gw) detectors offers an unprecedented opportunity to study matter under the most extreme conditions. after such a merger, a compact remnant is left over whose nature depends primarily on the masse... | search for post-merger gravitational waves from the remnant of the binary neutron star merger gw170817 |
we present the determination of stellar parameters and individual elemental abundances for 6 million stars from ∼8 million low-resolution (r ∼ 1800) spectra from lamost dr5. this is based on a modeling approach that we dub the data-driven payne (dd-payne), which inherits essential ingredients from both the payne and th... | abundance estimates for 16 elements in 6 million stars from lamost dr5 low-resolution spectra |
the deep underground neutrino experiment (dune), a 40-kton underground liquid argon time projection chamber experiment, will be sensitive to the electron-neutrino flavor component of the burst of neutrinos expected from the next galactic core-collapse supernova. such an observation will bring unique insight into the as... | supernova neutrino burst detection with the deep underground neutrino experiment |
measurements of the atmospheric carbon (c) and oxygen (o) relative to hydrogen (h) in hot jupiters (relative to their host stars) provide insight into their formation location and subsequent orbital migration1,2. hot jupiters that form beyond the major volatile (h2o/co/co2) ice lines and subsequently migrate post disk-... | a solar c/o and sub-solar metallicity in a hot jupiter atmosphere |
we report the discovery of four galaxy candidates observed 450-600 myr after the big bang with photometric redshifts between z ~ 8.3 and 10.2 measured using james webb space telescope (jwst) nircam imaging of the galaxy cluster whl0137-08 observed in eight filters spanning 0.8-5.0 μm, plus nine hubble space telescope f... | high-redshift galaxy candidates at z = 9-10 as revealed by jwst observations of whl0137-08 |
within the next few years, advanced ligo and virgo should detect gravitational waves from binary neutron star and neutron star-black hole mergers. these sources are also predicted to power a broad array of electromagnetic transients. because the electromagnetic signatures can be faint and fade rapidly, observing them h... | rapid bayesian position reconstruction for gravitational-wave transients |
we present the payne, a general method for the precise and simultaneous determination of numerous stellar labels from observed spectra, based on fitting physical spectral models. the payne combines a number of important methodological aspects: it exploits the information from much of the available spectral range; it fi... | the payne: self-consistent ab initio fitting of stellar spectra |
vector vortex beams are conventionally created as the superposition of orbital angular momentum (oam) modes with orthogonal polarizations, limiting the available degrees of freedom (dofs) to 2, while their creation by complex optical devices such as metasurfaces, liquid crystals, and interferometers has hindered their ... | structured ray-wave vector vortex beams in multiple degrees of freedom from a laser |
cosmic dawn ii (coda ii) is a new, fully coupled radiation-hydrodynamics simulation of cosmic reionization and galaxy formation and their mutual impact, to redshift z < 6. with 40963 particles and cells in a 94 mpc box, it is large enough to model global reionization and its feedback on galaxy formation while resolv... | cosmic dawn ii (coda ii): a new radiation-hydrodynamics simulation of the self-consistent coupling of galaxy formation and reionization |
there is now strong evidence that the close binary fraction (p < 104 days; a < 10 au) of solar-type stars (m 1 ≈ 0.6-1.5 {m}⊙ ) decreases significantly with metallicity. although early surveys showed that the observed spectroscopic binary (sb) fractions in the galactic disk and halo are similar (e.g., carney-lath... | the close binary fraction of solar-type stars is strongly anticorrelated with metallicity |
using simulations performed with the population synthesis code uc(mobse), we compute the merger rate densities and detection rates of compact binary mergers formed in isolation for second- and third-generation gravitational wave detectors. we estimate how rates are affected by uncertainties on key stellar physics param... | gravitational-wave detection rates for compact binaries formed in isolation: ligo/virgo o3 and beyond |
we present the atacama large millimeter/submillimeter array detection of the [o iii] 88 μm line and rest-frame 90 μm dust continuum emission in a y-dropout lyman break galaxy (lbg), macs0416_y1 lying behind the frontier field cluster macs j0416.1-2403. this [o iii] detection confirms the lbg with a spectroscopic redshi... | detection of the far-infrared [o iii] and dust emission in a galaxy at redshift 8.312: early metal enrichment in the heart of the reionization era |
stars in the immediate vicinity of supermassive black holes (smbhs) can be ripped apart by the tidal forces of the black hole. the subsequent accretion of the stellar material causes a spectacular flare of electromagnetic radiation. here, we provide a review of the observations of tidal disruption events (tdes), with a... | tidal disruption of stars by supermassive black holes: status of observations |
the cores of neutron stars (nss) near the maximum mass can realize a transitional change to quark matter (qm). gravitational waves from binary ns mergers are expected to convey information about the equation of state (eos) sensitive to the qm transition. here, we present the first results of gravitational wave simulati... | gravitational wave signal for quark matter with realistic phase transition |
we present the occurrence rates for rocky planets in the habitable zones (hzs) of main-sequence dwarf stars based on the kepler dr25 planet candidate catalog and gaia-based stellar properties. we provide the first analysis in terms of star-dependent instellation flux, which allows us to track hz planets. we define η⊕ a... | the occurrence of rocky habitable-zone planets around solar-like stars from kepler data |
a luminous radio burst was recently detected in temporal coincidence with a hard x-ray flare from the galactic magnetar sgr 1935+2154 with a time and frequency structure consistent with cosmological fast radio bursts (frbs) and a fluence within a factor of ≲10 of the least energetic extragalactic frb previously detecte... | implications of a fast radio burst from a galactic magnetar |
detections and non-detections of lyman alpha (lyα) emission from z > 6 galaxies (<1 gyr after the big bang) can be used to measure the timeline of cosmic reionization. of key interest to measuring reionization's mid-stages, but also increasing observational challenge, are observations at z > 7, where lyα redsh... | inferences on the timeline of reionization at z ∼ 8 from the kmos lens-amplified spectroscopic survey |
type-i x-ray bursts arise from unstable thermonuclear burning of accreted fuel on the surface of neutron stars. in this chapter we review the fundamental physics of the burning processes, and summarise the observational, numerical, and nuclear experimental progress over the preceding decade. we describe the current und... | thermonuclear x-ray bursts |
galsim is a collaborative, open-source project aimed at providing an image simulation tool of enduring benefit to the astronomical community. it provides a software library for generating images of astronomical objects such as stars and galaxies in a variety of ways, efficiently handling image transformations and opera... | galsim: the modular galaxy image simulation toolkit |
in this brief communication we provide the rationale for and the outcome of the international astronomical union (iau) resolution vote at the xxixth general assembly in honolulu, hawaii, in 2015, on recommended nominal conversion constants for selected solar and planetary properties. the problem addressed by the resolu... | nominal values for selected solar and planetary quantities: iau 2015 resolution b3 |
the radio-emitting neutron star population encompasses objects with spin periods ranging from milliseconds to tens of seconds. as they age and spin more slowly, their radio emission is expected to cease. we present the discovery of an ultra-long-period radio-emitting neutron star, psr j0901-4046, with spin properties d... | discovery of a radio-emitting neutron star with an ultra-long spin period of 76 s |
gravitational waves from the coalescence of two neutron stars were recently detected for the first time by the ligo-virgo collaboration, in event gw170817. this detection placed an upper limit on the effective tidal deformability of the two neutron stars and tightly constrained the chirp mass of the system. we report h... | tidal deformability from gw170817 as a direct probe of the neutron star radius |
we consider a solution of the effective four-dimensional einstein equations, obtained from the general relativistic schwarzschild metric through the principle of minimal geometric deformation (mgd). since the brane tension can, in general, introduce new singularities on a relativistic eötvös brane model in the mgd fram... | stability of the graviton bose-einstein condensate in the brane-world |
binary neutron star mergers are promising sources of gravitational waves for ground-based detectors such as advanced ligo. neutron-rich material ejected by these mergers may also be the main source of r-process elements in the universe, while radioactive decays in the ejecta can power bright electromagnetic postmerger ... | impact of an improved neutrino energy estimate on outflows in neutron star merger simulations |
rates of stellar tidal disruption events (tdes) by supermassive black holes (smbhs) due to two-body relaxation are calculated using a large galaxy sample (n ≈ 200) in order to explore the sensitivity of the tde rates to observational uncertainties, such as the parametrization of galaxy light profiles and the stellar ma... | rates of stellar tidal disruption as probes of the supermassive black hole mass function |
the observation of a compact object with a mass of 2.50-2.67m⊙ on 2019 august 14, by the ligo scientific and virgo collaborations (lvc) has the potential to improve our understanding of the supranuclear equation of state. while the gravitational-wave analysis of the lvc suggests that gw190814 likely was a binary black ... | on the nature of gw190814 and its impact on the understanding of supranuclear matter |
the bulk of cosmic matter resides in a dilute reservoir that fills the space between galaxies, the intergalactic medium (igm). the history of this reservoir is intimately tied to the cosmic histories of structure formation, star formation, and supermassive black hole accretion. our models for the igm at intermediate re... | the evolution of the intergalactic medium |
we study the impact of mass-transfer physics on the observable properties of binary black hole populations that formed through isolated binary evolution. we used the posydon framework to combine detailed mesa binary simulations with the cosmic population synthesis tool to obtain an accurate estimate of merging binary b... | the impact of mass-transfer physics on the observable properties of field binary black hole populations |
we present a novel analytic framework to model the steady-state structure of multiphase galactic winds comprised of a hot, volume-filling component and a cold, clumpy component. we first derive general expressions for the structure of the hot phase for arbitrary mass, momentum, and energy source terms. next, informed b... | the structure of multiphase galactic winds |
searches for electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational-wave signals have redoubled since the first detection in 2017 of a binary neutron star merger with a gamma-ray burst, optical/infrared kilonova, and panchromatic afterglow. yet, one ligo/virgo observing run later, there has not yet been a second, secure identif... | data-driven expectations for electromagnetic counterpart searches based on ligo/virgo public alerts |
investigating protostellar accretion (ipa) is a cycle 1 jwst program using the nirspec+miri ifus to obtain 2.9--28 $\mu$m spectral cubes of five young protostars with luminosities of 0.2 to 10,000 l$_{\odot}$ in their primary accretion phase. this paper introduces the nirspec 2.9--5.3 $\mu$m data of the inner 840-9000 ... | investigating protostellar accretion-driven outflows across the mass spectrum: jwst nirspec ifu 3-5~$\\mu$m spectral mapping of five young protostars |
we report on the coordinated observations of the neutron star low-mass x-ray binary (ns-lmxb) \gx in x-rays (ixpe, nicer, nustar and integral), optical (rem and lco), near-infrared (rem), mid-infrared (vlt visir), and radio (atca). this z-source was observed by \ixpe twice in march-april 2023 (obs. 1 and 2). in the rad... | discovery of a variable energy-dependent x-ray polarization in the accreting neutron star gx 5-1 |
the detection of numerous and relatively bright galaxies at redshifts z > 9 has prompted new investigations into the star-forming properties of high-redshift galaxies. using local forms of the initial mass function (imf) to estimate stellar masses of these galaxies from their light output leads to galaxy masses that... | jades: using nircam photometry to investigate the dependence of stellar mass inferences on the imf in the early universe |
stars move away from their birth places over time via a process known as radial migration, which blurs chemo-kinematic relations used for reconstructing the milky way formation history. one of the ultimate goals of galactic archaeology, therefore, is to find stars' birth aggregates in the disk via chemical tagging. her... | there is no place like home -- finding birth radii of stars in the milky way |
current theoretical models predict a mass gap with a dearth of stellar black holes (bhs) between roughly 50 m ⊙ and 100 m ⊙, while above the range accessible through massive star evolution, intermediate-mass bhs (imbhs) still remain elusive. repeated mergers of binary bhs, detectable via gravitational-wave emission wit... | repeated mergers, mass-gap black holes, and formation of intermediate-mass black holes in dense massive star clusters |
the era of the james webb space telescope ushers stellar population models into uncharted territories, particularly at the high-redshift frontier. in a companion paper, we apply the \texttt{prospector} bayesian framework to jointly infer galaxy redshifts and stellar population properties from broad-band photometry as p... | quantifying the effects of known unknowns on inferred high-redshift galaxy properties: burstiness, the imf, and nebular physics |
cosmic hydrogen reionization and cosmic production of first metals are major phase transitions of the universe occurring during the first billion years after the big bang, but still poorly explored observationally. using the jwst nirspec prism spectroscopy, we report the discovery of a sub-$l_{\ast}$ galaxy at $z_{\rm ... | a strong he ii $\\lambda$1640 emitter with extremely blue uv spectral slope at $z=8.16$: presence of pop iii stars? |
one promising electromagnetic signature of compact object mergers are kilonovae: approximately isotropic radioactively powered transients that peak days to weeks post-merger. key uncertainties in kilonova modeling include the emission profiles of the radioactive decay products—non-thermal β -particles, α -particles, fi... | radioactivity and thermalization in the ejecta of compact object mergers and their impact on kilonova light curves |
the early-science observations made by the james webb space telescope (jwst) have revealed an excess of ultra-massive galaxy candidates that appear to challenge the standard cosmological model ($\lambda$cdm). here, we argue that any modifications to $\lambda$cdm that can produce such ultra-massive galaxies in the early... | insights from hst into ultra-massive galaxies and early-universe cosmology |
context. gaia dr3 contains 1.8 billion sources with g-band photometry, 1.5 billion of which with gbp and grp photometry, complemented by positions on the sky, parallax, and proper motion. the median number of field-of-view transits in the three photometric bands is between 40 and 44 measurements per source and covers 3... | gaia data release 3. all-sky classification of 12.4 million variable sources into 25 classes |
for the past 400 years, astronomers have sought to observe and interpret the universe by building more powerful telescopes. these incredible instruments extend the capabilities of one of our most important senses, sight, towards new limits such as increased sensitivity and resolution, new dimensions such as exploration... | scientific discovery with the james webb space telescope |
the cosmological relaxion can address the hierarchy problem, while its coherent oscillations can constitute dark matter in the present universe. we consider the possibility that the relaxion forms gravitationally bound objects that we denote as relaxion stars. the density of these stars would be higher than that of the... | relaxion stars and their detection via atomic physics |
the thermodynamic properties of high temperature and high density qcd matter are explored within the chiral su(3)-flavor parity-doublet polyakov-loop quark-hadron mean-field model, cmf. the quark sector of the cmf model is tuned to describe the μb=0 thermodynamics data of lattice qcd. the resulting lines of constant ph... | equation of state for hot qcd and compact stars from a mean-field approach |
we present results from the "mint" resolution dc justice league suite of milky way-like zoom-in cosmological simulations, which extend our study of nearby galaxies down into the ultrafaint dwarf (ufd) regime for the first time. the mass resolution of these simulations is the highest ever published for cosmological milk... | ultrafaint dwarfs in a milky way context: introducing the mint condition dc justice league simulations |
we measure planet occurrence rates using the planet candidates discovered by the q1-q16 kepler pipeline search. this study examines planet occurrence rates for the kepler gk dwarf target sample for planet radii, 0.75 ≤slant {r}{{p}} ≤slant 2.5 {r}\oplus , and orbital periods, 50 ≤slant {p}{orb} ≤slant 300 days, with an... | terrestrial planet occurrence rates for the kepler gk dwarf sample |
context. the formation stage of planetesimals represents a major gap in our understanding of the planet formation process. late-stage planet accretion models typically make arbitrary assumptions about planetesimal and pebble distribution, while dust evolution models predict that planetesimal formation is only possible ... | planetesimal formation starts at the snow line |
context. kelt-9 b exemplifies a newly emerging class of short-period gaseous exoplanets that tend to orbit hot, early type stars - termed ultra-hot jupiters. the severe stellar irradiation heats their atmospheres to temperatures of 4000 k, similar to temperatures of photospheres of dwarf stars. due to the absence of ae... | a spectral survey of an ultra-hot jupiter. detection of metals in the transmission spectrum of kelt-9 b |
strange stars (sss) are compact objects made of deconfined quarks. it is hard to distinguish sss from neutron stars as a thin crust composed of normal hadronic matter may exist and obscure the whole surface of the ss. here we suggest that the intriguing repeating fast radio bursts (frbs) are produced by the intermitten... | repeating fast radio bursts from collapses of the crust of a strange star |
we demonstrate that ab-initio calculations in qcd at high densities offer significant and nontrivial information about the equation of state of matter in the cores of neutron stars, going beyond that which is obtainable from current astrophysical observations. we do so by extrapolating the equation of state to neutron-... | ab-initio qcd calculations impact the inference of the neutron-star-matter equation of state |
we present and characterize the catalog of galaxy shape measurements that will be used for cosmological weak lensing measurements in the wide layer of the first year of the hyper suprime-cam (hsc) survey. the catalog covers an area of 136.9 deg2 split into six fields, with a mean i-band seeing of 0{^''.}58 and 5σ point... | the first-year shear catalog of the subaru hyper suprime-cam subaru strategic program survey |
the details of the physical mechanism that drives core-collapse supernovae (ccsne) remain uncertain. while there is an emerging consensus on the qualitative outcome of detailed ccsn mechanism simulations in 2d, only recently have high-fidelity 3d simulations become possible. here we present the results of an extensive ... | exploring fundamentally three-dimensional phenomena in high-fidelity simulations of core-collapse supernovae |
protoplanetary disks are known to possess a variety of substructures in the distribution of their millimetre-sized grains, predominantly seen as rings and gaps1, which are frequently interpreted as arising from the shepherding of large grains by either hidden, still-forming planets within the disk2 or (magneto-)hydrody... | meridional flows in the disk around a young star |
apogee-2 is a high-resolution, near-infrared spectroscopic survey observing ∼3 × 105 stars across the entire sky. it is the successor to apogee and is part of the sloan digital sky survey iv (sdss-iv). apogee-2 is expanding on apogee's goals of addressing critical questions of stellar astrophysics, stellar populations,... | target selection for the sdss-iv apogee-2 survey |
we describe system verification tests and early science results from the pulsar processor (ptuse) developed for the newly commissioned 64-dish sarao meerkat radio telescope in south africa. meerkat is a high-gain ( ${∼}2.8 \mbox{k jy}^{-1}$ ) low-system temperature ( ${∼}18 \mbox{k at }20 \mbox{cm}$ ) radio array that ... | the meerkat telescope as a pulsar facility: system verification and early science results from meertime |
the majority of massive stars live in binary or multiple systems and will interact with a companion during their lifetimes, which helps to explain the observed diversity of core-collapse supernovae. donor stars in binary systems can lose most of their hydrogen-rich envelopes through mass transfer. as a result, not only... | different to the core: the pre-supernova structures of massive single and binary-stripped stars |
the atmospheres of gaseous giant exoplanets orbiting close to their parent stars (hot jupiters) have been probed for nearly two decades1,2. they allow us to investigate the chemical and physical properties of planetary atmospheres under extreme irradiation conditions3. previous observations of hot jupiters as they tran... | five carbon- and nitrogen-bearing species in a hot giant planet's atmosphere |
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