exam,exam_stage,subject,domain,subdomain,context,question,options,answer
naep,standalone,maths,algebra,linear_equations_and_inequalities,,For which of the following equations or inequalities is there exactly one solution?,"{'A': '$2n + 1 = 2n$', 'B': '$2n + 1 > 7$', 'C': '$2n + 1 \\geq 7$', 'D': '$2n + 1 = 7$', 'E': '$2n + 1 = 1 + 2n$'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""$2n + 1 = 7$""}"
naep,standalone,maths,measurement,area_and_population_density,A county has an area of 400 square miles. The county has a population density of 160 people per square mile.,What is the population of the county?,"{'A': '3,200', 'B': '6,400', 'C': '16,000', 'D': '32,000', 'E': '64,000'}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""64,000""}"
naep,standalone,maths,number_operations,scientific_notation,,Which of the following numbers is equivalent to  $\frac{7.2 \times 10^8}{3.6 \times 10^4}$  ?,"{'A': '4', 'B': '200', 'C': '360', 'D': '20,000', 'E': '36,000'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""20,000""}"
naep,standalone,maths,algebra,radical_expressions,,$$(\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3})^2 =$$,"{'A': '5', 'B': '6', 'C': '13', 'D': '$5 + 2\\sqrt{6}$', 'E': '$13 + 2\\sqrt{6}$'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""$5 + 2\\sqrt{6}$""}"
naep,standalone,maths,measurement,area_units,The label on a can of paint states the approximate area the paint will cover.,Which of the following units is appropriate for indicating the area covered?,"{'A': 'Feet', 'B': 'Square feet', 'C': 'Cubic feet', 'D': 'Gallons', 'E': 'Pints'}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""Square feet""}"
naep,standalone,maths,data_statistics_probability,survey_design_and_bias,,Which of the following statements is NOT true about a well-designed survey?,"{'A': 'The sample is intended to be representative of the target population.', 'B': 'The group being surveyed is sampled randomly.', 'C': 'The survey questions are designed to avoid bias.', 'D': 'The opinions of the group surveyed are accurately reflected in the results of the survey.', 'E': 'The opinions of the survey designer are accurately reflected in the results of the survey.'}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""The opinions of the survey designer are accurately reflected in the results of the survey.""}"
naep,standalone,maths,modeling,linear_model_evaluation,"The humerus bone is found in a person's upper arm. Anthropologists can use the following model to approximate the height of a female, in centimeters, based on the length of the humerus, in centimeters.

$$\text{height} = 2.75(\text{length of humerus}) + 71.48$$","Based on the model, what is the approximate height of a female with a humerus bone that measures 31 centimeters?","{'A': '85.25 cm', 'B': '104.48 cm', 'C': '156.73 cm', 'D': '196.57 cm', 'E': '227.57 cm'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""156.73 cm""}"
naep,standalone,maths,data_statistics_probability,mean_and_total_change,"A zookeeper weighed 5 bear cubs. The total weight of these cubs was 1,375 pounds.","If each cub gains 25 pounds, then what will be their mean weight?","{'A': '275', 'B': '300', 'C': '325', 'D': '350', 'E': '375'}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""300""}"
naep,standalone,maths,functions,piecewise_functions,"Let  $f(x) = \begin{cases} 2x - 1 & \text{when } x < 1 \\ \sqrt{x} & \text{when } x \ge 1 \end{cases}$

The function  $f$  is defined as shown.",What is  $f(9)$  ?,"{'A': '$\\sqrt{3}$', 'B': '3', 'C': '$\\frac{9}{2}$', 'D': '17', 'E': '81'}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""3""}"
naep,standalone,maths,modeling,exponential_growth_modeling,"A company started out with 6 employees. By the end of its first year, the company had 12 employees, and by the end of its second year, it had 24 employees.","If the number of employees were to increase by the same factor each year, as it did in the previous years, which expression gives the number of employees at the end of the company's  $n$ th year in business?","{'A': '$6(2^n)$', 'B': '$2(6^n)$', 'C': '$6 + 6n$', 'D': '$6 + 2n^2$', 'E': '$6 + 6n^2$'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""$6(2^n)$""}"
naep,standalone,maths,functions,quadratic_functions_and_intercepts,,"Which point  $(x, y)$  is the y-intercept of the graph of  $y = x^2 - 2x - 3$  ?","{'A': '$(-1, 0)$', 'B': '$(0, -5)$', 'C': '$(0, -3)$', 'D': '$(1, -4)$', 'E': '$(3, 0)$'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""$(0, -3)$""}"
naep,standalone,maths,number_operations,place_value_and_number_ordering,A company assigns each of its products a unique identification number and stores the products in numerical order in a warehouse.,"In which of the following warehouse locations would the product with identification number 89,746,321 be stored?","{'A': 'Location A: Identification numbers 80,000,000 to 88,999,999', 'B': 'Location B: Identification numbers 89,000,000 to 89,699,999', 'C': 'Location C: Identification numbers 89,700,000 to 89,739,999', 'D': 'Location D: Identification numbers 89,740,000 to 89,759,999', 'E': 'Location E: Identification numbers 89,760,000 to 89,999,999'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""Location D: Identification numbers 89,740,000 to 89,759,999""}"
naep,standalone,maths,algebra,formula_rearrangement,The volume  $V$  of a right circular cone with radius  $r$  and height  $h$  is given by  $V = \frac{1}{3}\pi r^2 h$ .,Which of the following equations gives  $r$  in terms of  $V$  and  $h$  ?,"{'A': '$r = \\sqrt{\\frac{\\pi h}{3V}}$', 'B': '$r = \\sqrt{\\frac{\\pi V}{3h}}$', 'C': '$r = \\sqrt{\\frac{3V}{\\pi h}}$', 'D': '$r = \\sqrt{\\frac{3\\pi h}{V}}$', 'E': '$r = \\sqrt{\\frac{3\\pi V}{h}}$'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""$r = \\sqrt{\\frac{3V}{\\pi h}}$""}"
naep,standalone,maths,algebra,evaluating_and_rewriting_expressions,,"$$\frac{1^3 + 2^3 + 3^3}{1+2+3}$$

Which of the following expressions has the same value as the expression shown?","{'A': '$\\frac{(1+2+3)^3}{1+2+3}$', 'B': '$\\frac{3+6+9}{1+2+3}$', 'C': '$\\frac{1+8+27}{1+2+3}$', 'D': '$\\frac{1^3}{1} + \\frac{2^3}{2} + \\frac{3^3}{3}$', 'E': '$\\left(\\frac{1}{1}\\right)^3 + \\left(\\frac{2}{2}\\right)^3 + \\left(\\frac{3}{3}\\right)^3$'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""$\\frac{1+8+27}{1+2+3}$""}"
naep,standalone,maths,functions,coordinate_plane_inequalities,,"Which of the following shaded regions shows the collection of points  $(x, y)$  such that  $-1 \le x \le 1$  and  $-2 \le y \le 2$  ?","{'A': 'Graph A: A coordinate plane showing a shaded rectangle centered at the origin, extending from x = -1 to x = 1 and y = -2 to y = 2.', 'B': 'Graph B: A coordinate plane showing a shaded rectangle centered at the origin, extending from x = -1 to x = 1 and y = -1 to y = 1.', 'C': 'Graph C: A coordinate plane showing a shaded rectangle centered at the origin, extending from x = -2 to x = 2 and y = -2 to y = 2.', 'D': 'Graph D: A coordinate plane showing a shaded rectangle centered at the origin, extending from x = -1 to x = 1 and y = -1 to y = 1.', 'E': 'Graph E: A coordinate plane showing a shaded rectangle centered at the origin, extending from x = -1 to x = 1 and y = -1 to y = 1.'}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""Graph E: A coordinate plane showing a shaded rectangle centered at the origin, extending from x = -1 to x = 1 and y = -1 to y = 1.""}"
naep,standalone,maths,data_statistics_probability,data_visualization_and_misleading_graphs,"Todd is drawing a bar chart to show the monthly sales at his company for last year. He uses the vertical axis to display the amount of sales, in dollars, and the horizontal axis to display the months. He observes that the lowest sales amount in any month was \$91,000 and that the highest sales amount in any month was \$98,000.",Which of the following practices may result in Todd drawing a misleading bar chart?,"{'A': 'Using equal-width bars for each month', 'B': 'Using a different color bar for each month', 'C': 'Beginning the vertical scale at $0', 'D': 'Having a scale on the vertical axis with unequal increments', 'E': 'Listing the months of the year on the horizontal axis from January to December'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""Having a scale on the vertical axis with unequal increments""}"
naep,standalone,maths,functions,function_evaluation,,"If  $f(x) = \frac{x-1}{x}$ , what is  $f(5)$  ?","{'A': '0', 'B': '$\\frac{4}{5}$', 'C': '1', 'D': '$\\frac{6}{5}$', 'E': '$\\frac{24}{5}$'}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""$\\frac{4}{5}$""}"
naep,standalone,maths,number_operations,exponents_and_roots,Evaluate expression with fractional exponent,$$(16^{\frac{1}{2}})^3 =$$,"{'A': '512', 'B': '64', 'C': '48', 'D': '24', 'E': '12'}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""64""}"
naep,standalone,science,life_science,,,The carbon from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is converted to carbohydrates in plants during which process?,"{'A': 'Respiration', 'B': 'Evaporation', 'C': 'Transpiration', 'D': 'Photosynthesis'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""Photosynthesis""}"
naep,standalone,science,earth_environmental,,"The first photosynthetic organisms developed early in Earth's history. Over time, these photosynthetic organisms caused dramatic changes in Earth's atmosphere.",How did these changes affect the rock record?,"{'A': 'Fossils were more frequently preserved.', 'B': 'Sediments in the ocean basins were deposited more slowly.', 'C': ""The amount of coal being produced in Earth's crust decreased."", 'D': ""Shale and sandstone 'red beds' containing iron oxide formed.""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""Shale and sandstone 'red beds' containing iron oxide formed.""}"
naep,standalone,science,earth_environmental,,,Which process releases  $\text{CO}_2$  into the atmosphere?,"{'A': 'Condensation', 'B': 'Photosynthesis', 'C': 'Shell formation in seawater', 'D': 'Volcanic eruption'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""Volcanic eruption""}"
naep,standalone,science,life_science,,,Which subunit makes up protein molecules?,"{'A': 'Amino acid', 'B': 'Simple sugar', 'C': 'Fatty acid', 'D': 'Nucleic acid'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""Amino acid""}"
naep,standalone,science,earth_environmental,,,Which phenomenon results primarily from Earth's internal sources of heat?,"{'A': 'Melting of glaciers', 'B': 'Formation of hot deserts', 'C': 'Evaporation of ocean water', 'D': 'Development of hot springs'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""Development of hot springs""}"
naep,standalone,science,life_science,,"Heavy rain on a hillside has caused a rockslide. All vegetation has disappeared. Gradually, plant life moves back into the area and species are replaced by other species.","In which order are the plants most likely to appear, from earliest to latest?","{'A': 'Mosses and lichens, grasses, shrubs, pines, oaks', 'B': 'Grasses, shrubs, pines, mosses and lichens, oaks', 'C': 'Shrubs, grasses, mosses and lichens, oaks, pines', 'D': 'Pines, mosses and lichens, shrubs, oaks, grasses'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""Mosses and lichens, grasses, shrubs, pines, oaks""}"
naep,standalone,science,physical_science,,,Ice floats on water. Which statement best explains why?,"{'A': 'A molecule of liquid water has a greater mass than a molecule of solid ice.', 'B': 'A molecule of liquid water has a smaller volume than a molecule of solid ice.', 'C': 'The molecules of liquid water are closer together than the molecules of solid ice.', 'D': 'The molecules of liquid water are freer to move than the molecules of solid ice.'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""The molecules of liquid water are closer together than the molecules of solid ice.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The National Economy,,,Spending on training and education programs for workers as a percentage of gross domestic product is greater in Country A than in Country B. Which of the following is most likely to be true over the long term?,"{'A': ""Country A's economic growth rate will be higher than Country B's."", 'B': ""Country A's interest rate will be lower than Country B's."", 'C': ""Country A's trade surplus will be higher than Country B's."", 'D': ""Country A's minimum-wage rate will be lower than Country B's.""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""Country A's economic growth rate will be higher than Country B's.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The National Economy,,,Which of the following changes is most likely to cause an increase in employment?,"{'A': 'An increase in consumer spending', 'B': 'An increase in interest rates', 'C': 'A decrease in business investment', 'D': 'A decrease in income'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""An increase in consumer spending""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The International Economy,,,Suppose that the value of the Japanese yen declines relative to the United States dollar in foreign exchange markets. United States exports to Japan and United States imports from Japan are most likely to change in which of the following ways?,"{'A': 'Increase Increase', 'B': 'Increase Decrease', 'C': 'Decrease Increase', 'D': 'Decrease Decrease'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""Decrease\nIncrease""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,National Shortage of Nurses Reported by United States Labor Department,Which of the following would most likely reduce the nursing shortage reported in the headline above?,"{'A': 'Increasing the wage rate of nurses', 'B': 'Opening additional hospitals in cities', 'C': 'Decreasing the number of nursing school scholarships', 'D': 'Raising the certification requirements for registered nurses'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""Increasing the wage rate of nurses""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The National Economy,,,Which of the following is most likely to cause a drop in short-term interest rates?,"{'A': 'An increase in government spending', 'B': 'An increase in the money supply', 'C': 'An increase in bank reserve requirements', 'D': 'An increase in the national debt'}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""An increase in the money supply""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The International Economy,,,Which of the following would most likely result if the United States Congress were to place a tariff on imports of aluminum?,"{'A': 'United States consumers would pay higher prices for goods made with aluminum.', 'B': ""The tariff would increase the United States economy's growth rate by raising productivity rates."", 'C': 'An increase in costs would cause United States producers of aluminum to decrease production.', 'D': 'United States manufacturers that use aluminum to produce goods would benefit.'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""United States consumers would pay higher prices for goods made with aluminum.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The National Economy,,,How would a large increase in the number of business and personal bankruptcies over several years tend to affect the interest rates that banks charge for loans?,"{'A': 'Interest rates would fall because the supply of funds would decrease.', 'B': 'Interest rates would rise because banks would find it riskier to lend funds.', 'C': 'Interest rates would stay the same because banks are not affected by bankruptcies.', 'D': 'The answer cannot be determined because the government sets interest rates that banks charge for loans.'}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""Interest rates would rise because banks would find it riskier to lend funds.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,,"After watching part of a movie she rented, Samantha finds that it is not as good as she expected. Which of the following should she consider in deciding whether to continue watching the movie?","{'A': 'The price she paid to rent the movie', 'B': 'The amount of time she already spent watching the movie', 'C': 'The activity she could do if she stopped watching the movie', 'D': 'The time it would take to return the movie'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""The activity she could do if she stopped watching the movie""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The National Economy,,,Which of the following actions can the Federal Reserve take to reduce inflationary pressures in the United States?,"{'A': 'Increase government spending', 'B': 'Increase the money supply', 'C': 'Increase interest rates', 'D': 'Increase taxes'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""Increase interest rates""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,,"In a market economy, most decisions about which goods and services to produce, how to produce them, and who will consume them are made primarily by which of the following?","{'A': 'The national government', 'B': 'Industry planning groups', 'C': 'Local and state governments', 'D': 'Consumers and producers'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""Consumers and producers""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,,Janet decides to drop out of college to work full-time. What is most likely to happen to Janet's income relative to that of a classmate who stays and graduates from college?,"{'A': ""Janet's income will be greater than the classmate's income now and in the future."", 'B': ""Janet's income will be greater than the classmate's income now but will be lower in the future."", 'C': ""Janet's income will be lower than the classmate's income both now and in the future."", 'D': ""Janet's income will be lower than the classmate's income now but will be greater in the future.""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""Janet's income will be greater than the classmate's income now but will be lower in the future.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,,Which of the following statements best explains why a large increase in the price of gasoline will result in only a small decrease in quantity demanded?,"{'A': 'Gasoline is a luxury good.', 'B': ""Gasoline takes a large portion of consumers' budgets."", 'C': 'Gasoline has no close substitutes.', 'D': 'Gasoline taxes remain high.'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""Gasoline has no close substitutes.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The National Economy,,,"Of the following, which is the most important factor in improving a country's human capital?","{'A': 'Job training', 'B': 'Computer technology', 'C': 'Factory machinery', 'D': 'Highway construction'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""Job training""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The National Economy,,,The federal government receives the greatest amount of tax revenue from which of the following sources?,"{'A': 'Estate taxes', 'B': 'Property taxes', 'C': 'Sales taxes', 'D': 'Income taxes'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""Income taxes""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,,"As the demand for T-shirts increases and the price of T-shirts rises, how will T-shirt producers in a competitive market most likely respond?","{'A': 'By laying off T-shirt workers to reduce production costs', 'B': 'By making fewer T-shirts to meet their income goals', 'C': 'By buying more cotton fabric to make more T-shirts', 'D': 'By increasing advertising spending to increase T-shirt sales'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""By buying more cotton fabric to make more T-shirts""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,,Rashad wants to buy a video game and a new shirt. Each item costs $40. Rashad has only $40 to spend. He decides to buy the new shirt instead of the video game. The video game represents which of the following?,"{'A': 'Opportunity cost', 'B': 'Equilibrium price', 'C': 'Economic efficiency', 'D': 'Comparative advantage'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""Opportunity cost""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,,Which of the following economic roles does a government play when it provides copyright protection for recorded music?,"{'A': 'Granting property rights', 'B': 'Preventing monopoly', 'C': 'Setting fiscal policy', 'D': 'Providing public goods'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""Granting property rights""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The International Economy,,,Which of the following best explains why a product once manufactured in the United States is no longer made here and is now imported from other countries?,"{'A': 'The technology needed to make the product has become less expensive in the United States.', 'B': 'The technology needed to make the product has become more expensive in other countries.', 'C': 'The opportunity cost of making the product in other countries has increased.', 'D': 'The opportunity cost of making the product in the United States has increased.'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""The opportunity cost of making the product in the United States has increased.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The International Economy,,,A United States senator relies on the political support of cattle ranchers. Which position on a United States tariff on imported beef is most likely to increase the senator's support among cattle ranchers?,"{'A': 'The tariff should be decreased to increase United States cattle prices.', 'B': 'The tariff should be decreased to decrease United States cattle prices.', 'C': 'The tariff should be increased to increase United States cattle prices.', 'D': 'The tariff should be increased to decrease United States cattle prices.'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""The tariff should be increased to increase United States cattle prices.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,,Assume that an influential new study shows that eating sweet potatoes reduces the risk of heart attacks. Which of the following is most likely to be the initial effect of the study on the sweet-potato market?,"{'A': 'The supply of sweet potatoes will increase, and the price of sweet potatoes will rise.', 'B': 'The supply of sweet potatoes will decrease, and the price of sweet potatoes will fall.', 'C': 'The demand for sweet potatoes will decrease, and the price of sweet potatoes will fall.', 'D': 'The demand for sweet potatoes will increase, and the price of sweet potatoes will rise.'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""The demand for sweet potatoes will increase, and the price of sweet potatoes will rise.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The National Economy,,,Which of the following is the most likely effect of a large decrease in total demand for goods and services?,"{'A': 'Inflation will increase and unemployment will decrease.', 'B': 'Inflation will decrease and unemployment will decrease.', 'C': 'Inflation will decrease and unemployment will increase.', 'D': 'Inflation will increase and unemployment will increase.'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""Inflation will decrease and unemployment will increase.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,,Which of the following is most likely to reduce the number of people who own their own homes?,"{'A': 'Removing controls on rent so that apartment rents can rise', 'B': 'Increasing the property tax rates on rental property', 'C': 'Eliminating tax advantages for homeowners on federal income taxes', 'D': 'Offering a discount on homeowners insurance expenses for first-time buyers'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""Eliminating tax advantages for homeowners on federal income taxes""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The National Economy,,,What is most likely to happen following a decrease in demand for consumer loans?,"{'A': 'Interest rates will increase.', 'B': 'Interest rates will decrease.', 'C': 'Federal government spending will decrease.', 'D': 'Federal government spending will increase.'}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""Interest rates will decrease.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,,"Carol owns a T-shirt shop in a busy tourist town. Because she has many competitors, she has no control over the price of T-shirts. If Carol's rent for the store space doubles, which of the following is most likely to occur?","{'A': 'Her profits will decrease.', 'B': 'Her revenues will decrease.', 'C': 'Her sales of T-shirts will increase.', 'D': 'Her inventory will increase.'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""Her profits will decrease.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,,Which of the following best describes an opportunity cost for a student who chooses to quit a full-time job to go to college?,"{'A': 'Paying state and federal income tax', 'B': 'Having a higher level of education', 'C': 'Giving up current wages and benefits', 'D': 'Paying for housing and meals'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""Giving up current wages and benefits""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,,"Fred purchased shares of stock in a fast-food corporation for $10,000. Maria is sole proprietor of a fastfood restaurant that she purchased for $10,000. Which of the following statements best describes the maximum amount that Fred and Maria can lose on their investments?","{'A': 'Fred can lose only $10,000, but Maria can lose more.', 'B': 'Maria can lose only $10,000, but Fred can lose more.', 'C': 'Both Fred and Maria can lose only $10,000.', 'D': 'Both Fred and Maria can lose more than $10,000.'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""Fred can lose only $10,000, but Maria can lose more.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The National Economy,,,In which of the following situations would an economist recommend expanding an existing government program?,"{'A': 'When the total cost of the program is greater than the total benefits produced by the program', 'B': 'When the total benefits produced by the program are greater than the total cost of the program', 'C': 'When the additional benefits of expanding the program are greater than the additional costs', 'D': 'When the additional costs of expanding the program are greater than the additional benefits'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""When the additional benefits of expanding the program are greater than the additional costs""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,,Resource allocation in competitive markets is primarily guided by which of the following?,"{'A': 'The interaction of supply and demand', 'B': 'Regulations established by governments', 'C': 'Negotiations between labor unions and management', 'D': 'Investment decisions made by commercial banks'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""The interaction of supply and demand""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The National Economy,,,Which of the following is one way in which economic growth can help a nation reduce its poverty level and increase its standard of living?,"{'A': 'Economic growth increases the demand for imports, thereby raising the demand for foreign exchange.', 'B': 'Economic growth increases the supply of labor, thereby increasing wages.', 'C': 'Economic growth increases disposable income, thereby decreasing the demand for luxury items.', 'D': 'Economic growth increases the demand for labor, thereby raising income levels.'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""Economic growth increases the demand for labor, thereby raising income levels.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,,"Last year Emery's annual salary was $20,000. At the end of the year, Emery received a $2,000 raise. Six months later the company increased Emery's salary again because he finished his master's degree. His new salary is $25,000. What is the additional benefit of his having earned a master's degree?","{'A': '$25,000', 'B': '$22,000', 'C': '$5,000', 'D': '$3,000'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""$3,000""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The International Economy,,,Which of the following must be true if a country has a comparative advantage in the production of computers?,"{'A': 'It has a lower opportunity cost in producing computers than do its trading partners.', 'B': 'It has more workers producing computers than do its trading partners.', 'C': 'It has less advanced technology in producing computers than do its trading partners.', 'D': 'It imports more computers than do its trading partners.'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""It has a lower opportunity cost in producing computers than do its trading partners.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,Local School District Hires New Teachers,The headline above refers to which of the following productive resources?,"{'A': 'Natural resources', 'B': 'Human resources', 'C': 'Capital goods', 'D': 'Renewable resources'}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""Human resources""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,,Which of the following is a characteristic of a market economy?,"{'A': 'Prices are determined by the interaction of buyers and sellers.', 'B': 'Government determines the quantity of goods purchased.', 'C': 'Tax policies are used to eliminate scarcity.', 'D': 'Deregulation serves to limit most imports.'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""Prices are determined by the interaction of buyers and sellers.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The National Economy,,,Which of the following policies would most likely increase a country's long-term economic growth?,"{'A': 'Encouraging more energy consumption', 'B': 'Encouraging business investment in equipment', 'C': 'Increasing government spending on retirement payments', 'D': 'Increasing the growth of the money supply'}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""Encouraging business investment in equipment""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The National Economy,,,Which of the following conditions must Marta meet to be counted as unemployed?,"{'A': 'She must be working part-time.', 'B': 'She must have been fired from her previous job.', 'C': 'She must have been out of work for at least eight weeks.', 'D': 'She must be out of work and actively looking for a job.'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""She must be out of work and actively looking for a job.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The National Economy,,,Which of the following is the most commonly used measure of inflation?,"{'A': 'Gross domestic product', 'B': 'Index of Leading Economic Indicators', 'C': 'Consumer price index', 'D': 'Dow Jones Industrial Average'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""Consumer price index""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The National Economy,,,Suppose a large increase in government borrowing competes with private borrowing. What would most likely happen to interest rates and business investment?,"{'A': 'DecreaseDecrease', 'B': 'DecreaseIncrease', 'C': 'IncreaseDecrease', 'D': 'IncreaseIncrease'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""Increase Decrease""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,,Which statement best explains why all countries face the problem of scarcity?,"{'A': 'Governments spend too much money.', 'B': 'Increases in inflation have an impact on economic choices.', 'C': 'Changes in demand and supply occur.', 'D': ""People's wants are greater than their resources.""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""People's wants are greater than their resources.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The National Economy,,"A city currently has one recreation center to serve its young people. To reduce crime, the city is considering building a second recreation center to provide more young people with healthy alternative activities.","According to economic reasoning, under what conditions should the city build a second center?","{'A': 'If the second center is expected to be used more than half the time', 'B': 'If the second center is expected to reduce the crime rate by 10%', 'C': 'When the cost of the second center is expected to be less than the benefits from it', 'D': 'When the total cost of both of the recreation centers is expected to be less than their total benefits'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""When the cost of the second center is expected to be less than the benefits from it""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,,Which of the following is a form of business organization that offers limited liability to its owners and helps them raise financial capital?,"{'A': 'Sole proprietorship', 'B': 'Monopoly', 'C': 'Corporation', 'D': 'Consultancy'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""Corporation""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The National Economy,,,Which of the following will increase the money supply in the United States?,"{'A': 'The Federal Reserve raises the discount rate.', 'B': 'A company sells shares of a new stock offering.', 'C': 'A customer pays a monthly credit card bill.', 'D': 'A bank makes a loan to a business.'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""A bank makes a loan to a business.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The National Economy,,,"Assume that the current interest rate is 7 percent and that the current rate of inflation is 3 percent. Under these conditions, which of the following is the real interest rate?","{'A': '3 percent', 'B': '4 percent', 'C': '7 percent', 'D': '10 percent'}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""4 percent""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The International Economy,,,Country X and Country Y are trading partners. Country X has a comparative advantage in the production of cars. Country Y has a comparative advantage in the production of wheat. Which of the following events would most likely change the comparative advantages of these countries?,"{'A': 'A new dam floods half the farmland in Country Y.', 'B': 'The price of bread in Country X decreases.', 'C': 'Country X removes its tariff on automobiles.', 'D': ""The value of Country X's currency increases.""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""A new dam floods half the farmland in Country Y.""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The Market Economy,,,Which of the following would give a business more control over the price of its product?,"{'A': ""A decrease in consumers' incomes"", 'B': 'A decrease in the number of competitors in the market', 'C': 'An increase in the number of substitute goods available', 'D': 'An increase in the cost of production'}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""A decrease in the number of competitors in the market""}"
naep,standalone,economics,The International Economy,,,"Under a flexible exchange rate system, the international value of a country's currency is determined primarily by which of the following in the foreign exchange market?","{'A': ""The educational achievements of the country's population"", 'B': ""The quality and availability of the country's technology"", 'C': ""The supply of and demand for the country's currency"", 'D': ""The strength of the country's industries""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""The supply of and demand for the country's currency""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Statistics,Descriptive Statistics,"The line graph shows the percent of cars for sale (Y-axis, 0% to 15%) versus Model year (X-axis, 2010 to 2019). The percent of cars for sale is approximately 12% for 2010-2011, drops to 10% in 2012, drops to 8% in 2013, drops to 4% in 2014, rises to 9% in 2015, remains around 10% for 2016-2017, and rises to 11% in 2018 and 2019.",For what model year is the percent of cars for sale the smallest?,"{'A': '2012', 'B': '2013', 'C': '2014', 'D': '2015'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""2014""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,"The total cost, in dollars, to rent a surfboard consists of a \$25 service fee and a \$10 per hour rental fee. A person rents a surfboard for $t$ hours and intends to spend a maximum of \$75 to rent the surfboard.",Which inequality represents this situation?,"{'A': '10t ≤ 75', 'B': '10 + 25t ≤ 75', 'C': '25t ≤ 75', 'D': '25 + 10t ≤ 75'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""25 + 10t ≤ 75""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,"s = 40 +3t The equation gives the speed $s$, in miles per hour, of a certain car $t$ seconds after it began to accelerate.","What is the speed, in miles per hour, of the car 5 seconds after it began to accelerate?","{'A': '40', 'B': '43', 'C': '45', 'D': '55'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""55""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Geometry,Euclidean Geometry,"Triangles $ABC$ and $DEF$ are congruent, where $A$ corresponds to $D$, and $B$ and $E$ are right angles. The measure of angle $A$ is $18^\circ$.",What is the measure of angle $F$?,"{'A': '$18^\\circ$', 'B': '$72^\\circ$', 'C': '$90^\\circ$', 'D': '$162^\\circ$'}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""$72^\\circ$""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,"If $4x + 2 = 12$, what is the value of $16x + 8$?",What is the value of $16x + 8$?,"{'A': '40', 'B': '48', 'C': '56', 'D': '60'}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""48""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,,"Which expression is equivalent to $(m^4 q^4 z^{-1})(mq^5 z^3)$, where $m$, $q$, and $z$ are positive?","{'A': '$m^4 q^{20} z^{-3}$', 'B': '$m^5 q^9 z^2$', 'C': '$m^6 q^8 z^{-1}$', 'D': '$m^{20} q^{12} z^{-2}$'}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""$m^5 q^9 z^2$""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,"An airplane descends from an altitude of 9,500 feet to 5,000 feet at a constant rate of 400 feet per minute.",What type of function best models the relationship between the descending airplane's altitude and time?,"{'A': 'Decreasing exponential', 'B': 'Decreasing linear', 'C': 'Increasing exponential', 'D': 'Increasing linear'}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""Decreasing linear""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,"The function $f(w) = 6w^2$ gives the area of a rectangle, in square feet ($\text{ft}^2$), if its width is $w$ ft and its length is 6 times its width.","Which of the following is the best interpretation of $f(14) = 1,176$?","{'A': 'If the width of the rectangle is 14 ft, then the area of the rectangle is $1,176 \\text{ ft}^2$.', 'B': 'If the width of the rectangle is 14 ft, then the length of the rectangle is $1,176$ ft.', 'C': 'If the width of the rectangle is $1,176$ ft, then the length of the rectangle is 14 ft.', 'D': 'If the width of the rectangle is $1,176$ ft, then the area of the rectangle is $14 \\text{ ft}^2$.'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""If the width of the rectangle is 14 ft, then the area of the rectangle is $1,176 \\text{ ft}^2$.""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,"The number of bacteria in a liquid medium doubles every day. There are 44,000 bacteria in the liquid medium at the start of an observation.","Which of the following represents the number of bacteria, $y$, in the liquid medium $t$ days after the start of the observation?","{'A': '$y = \\frac{1}{2}(44,000)^t$', 'B': '$y = 2(44,000)^t$', 'C': '$y = 44,000(\\frac{1}{2})^t$', 'D': '$y = 44,000(2)^t$'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""$y = 44,000(2)^t$""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,"The function $h$ is defined by $h(x) = 4x + 28$. The graph of $y = h(x)$ in the $xy$-plane has an $x$-intercept at $(a, 0)$ and a $y$-intercept at $(0, b)$, where $a$ and $b$ are constants.",What is the value of $a + b$?,"{'A': '21', 'B': '28', 'C': '32', 'D': '35'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""21""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,For which of the following tables are all the values of $x$ and their corresponding values of $y$ solutions to the given inequality?,For which of the following tables are all the values of $x$ and their corresponding values of $y$ solutions to the given inequality?,"{'A': 'A table with values: (3, 17), (5, 27), (7, 37)', 'B': 'A table with values: (3, 17), (5, 35), (7, 37)', 'C': 'A table with values: (3, 25), (5, 35), (7, 45)', 'D': 'A table with values: (3, 21), (5, 31), (7, 41)'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""A table with values: (3, 17), (5, 27), (7, 37)""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Geometry,Euclidean Geometry,"The floor of a ballroom has an area of 600 square meters. An architect creates a scale model of the floor of the ballroom, where the length of each side of the model is $\frac{1}{10}$ times the length of the corresponding side of the actual floor of the ballroom.","What is the area, in square meters, of the scale model?","{'A': '6', 'B': '10', 'C': '60', 'D': '150'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""6""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Geometry,Analytic Geometry,,Which of the following equations represents a circle in the $xy$-plane that intersects the $y$-axis at exactly one point?,"{'A': '$(x - 8)^2 + (y - 8)^2 = 16$', 'B': '$(x - 8)^2 + (y - 4)^2 = 16$', 'C': '$(x - 4)^2 + (y - 9)^2 = 16$', 'D': '$x^2 + (y - 9)^2 = 16$'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""$(x - 4)^2 + (y - 9)^2 = 16$""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Geometry,Euclidean Geometry,"In triangles $ABC$ and $DEF$, angles $B$ and $E$ each have measure $27^\circ$ and angles $C$ and $F$ each have measure $41^\circ$.",Which additional piece of information is sufficient to determine whether triangle $ABC$ is congruent to triangle $DEF$?,"{'A': 'The measure of angle $A$', 'B': 'The length of side $AB$', 'C': 'The lengths of sides $BC$ and $EF$', 'D': 'No additional information is necessary.'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""The lengths of sides $BC$ and $EF$""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,"The result of increasing the quantity $x$ by 1,800% is 684.",What is the value of $x$?,"{'A': '12,996', 'B': '12,312', 'C': '38', 'D': '36'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""36""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,A window repair specialist charges \$220 for the first two hours of repair plus an hourly fee for each additional hour. The total cost for 5 hours of repair is \$400.,"Which function $f$ gives the total cost, in dollars, for $x$ hours of repair, where $x \ge 2$?","{'A': '$f(x) = 60x + 100$', 'B': '$f(x) = 60x + 220$', 'C': '$f(x) = 80x$', 'D': '$f(x) = 80x + 220$'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""$f(x) = 60x + 100$""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,An object's speed is 64 yards per second.,"What is the object's speed, in feet per second? (1 yard = 3 feet)","{'A': '61', 'B': '67', 'C': '94', 'D': '192'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""192""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Geometry,Euclidean Geometry,,"What is the perimeter, in inches, of a rectangle with a length of 4 inches and a width of 9 inches?","{'A': '13', 'B': '17', 'C': '22', 'D': '26'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""26""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,$7m = 2(n + p)$,Which equation correctly gives $m$ in terms of $n$ and $p$?,"{'A': '$m = \\frac{2(n + p)}{7}$', 'B': '$m = 2(n + p)$', 'C': '$m = 2(n + p) - 7$', 'D': '$m = 2 - n - p - 7$'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""$m = \\frac{2(n + p)}{7}$""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Statistics,Descriptive Statistics,"Of 300,000 paper clips, 234,000 are size large.",What percentage of the paper clips are size large?,"{'A': '22%', 'B': '33%', 'C': '66%', 'D': '78%'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""78%""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,"The function $f$ gives the estimated height, in feet, of a willow tree $x$ years after its height was first measured.",Which statement is the best interpretation of 4 in this context?,"{'A': 'The tree will be measured each year for 4 years.', 'B': 'The tree is estimated to grow to a maximum height of 4 feet.', 'C': 'The estimated height of the tree increased by 4 feet each year.', 'D': 'The estimated height of the tree was 4 feet when it was first measured.'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""The estimated height of the tree was 4 feet when it was first measured.""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,"The graphs of the given equations in the $xy$-plane intersect at the point $(x, y)$.",What is a possible value of $x$?,"{'A': '$-\\frac{76}{5}$', 'B': '$-9$', 'C': '$5$', 'D': '$76$'}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""$-9$""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Geometry,Euclidean Geometry,Each side of equilateral triangle S is multiplied by a scale factor of $k$ to create equilateral triangle T. The length of each side of triangle T is greater than the length of each side of triangle S.,Which of the following could be the value of $k$?,"{'A': '$\\frac{29}{28}$', 'B': '$1$', 'C': '$\\frac{28}{29}$', 'D': '$0$'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""$\\frac{29}{28}$""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,$66x = 66x$,How many solutions does the given equation have?,"{'A': 'Exactly one', 'B': 'Exactly two', 'C': 'Infinitely many', 'D': 'Zero'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""Infinitely many""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Trigonometry,Plane Trigonometry,"In right triangle $RST$, the sum of the measures of angle $R$ and angle $S$ is 90 degrees. The value of $\sin(R)$ is $\frac{\sqrt{15}}{4}$.",What is the value of $\cos(S)$?,"{'A': '$\\frac{\\sqrt{15}}{15}$', 'B': '$\\frac{\\sqrt{15}}{4}$', 'C': '$\\frac{4\\sqrt{15}}{15}$', 'D': '$\\sqrt{15}$'}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""$\\frac{\\sqrt{15}}{4}$""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,,"Which expression is equivalent to $\frac{8x(x-7) - 3(x-7)}{2x-14}$, where $x > 7$?","{'A': '$\\frac{x-7}{5}$', 'B': '$\\frac{8x-3}{2}$', 'C': '$\\frac{8x^2 - 3x - 14}{2x - 14}$', 'D': '$\\frac{8x^2 - 3x - 77}{2x - 14}$'}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""$\\frac{8x-3}{2}$""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,The function $f$ is defined by $f(x) = (-8)(2)^x + 22$.,What is the $y$-intercept of the graph of $y = f(x)$ in the $xy$-plane?,"{'A': '$(0, 14)$', 'B': '$(0, 2)$', 'C': '$(0, 22)$', 'D': '$(0, -8)$'}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""$(0, 14)$""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,Keenan made 32 cups of vegetable broth. Keenan then filled $x$ small jars and $y$ large jars with all the vegetable broth he made. The equation $3x + 5y = 32$ represents this situation.,Which is the best interpretation of $5y$ in this context?,"{'A': 'The number of large jars Keenan filled', 'B': 'The number of small jars Keenan filled', 'C': 'The total number of cups of vegetable broth in the large jars', 'D': 'The total number of cups of vegetable broth in the small jars'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""The total number of cups of vegetable broth in the large jars""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,$|-5x + 13| = 73$,What is the sum of the solutions to the given equation?,"{'A': '$-\\frac{146}{5}$', 'B': '$-12$', 'C': '$0$', 'D': '$\\frac{26}{5}$'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""$\\frac{26}{5}$""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,"For the exponential function $f$, the value of $f(1)$ is $k$, where $k$ is a constant.",Which of the following equivalent forms of the function $f$ shows the value of $k$ as the coefficient or the base?,"{'A': '$f(x) = 50(1.6)^{x+1}$', 'B': '$f(x) = 80(1.6)^x$', 'C': '$f(x) = 128(1.6)^{x-1}$', 'D': '$f(x) = 204.8(1.6)^{x-2}$'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""$f(x) = 128(1.6)^{x-1}$""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,$-9x^2 + 30x + c = 0$,"In the given equation, $c$ is a constant. The equation has exactly one solution. What is the value of $c$?","{'A': '$3$', 'B': '$0$', 'C': '$-25$', 'D': '$-53$'}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""$-25$""}"
sat,standalone,maths,Algebra,Elementary Algebra,,"Which of the following expressions has a factor of $x + 2b$, where $b$ is a positive integer constant?","{'A': '$3x^2 + 7x + 14b$', 'B': '$3x^2 + 28x + 14b$', 'C': '$3x^2 + 42x + 14b$', 'D': '$3x^2 + 49x + 14b$'}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""$3x^2 + 49x + 14b$""}"
dc,standalone,maths,algebra,polynomials,Several points are plotted on the graph. Which of the plotted points on the graph represent the zeros of the function $f(x) = (x^{2} + 2x - 8)(x - 6)?$ Select all that apply.,Which of the plotted points on the graph represent the zeros of the function $f(x) = (x^{2} + 2x - 8)(x - 6)?$ Select all that apply.,"{""A"": ""(2, 0)"", ""B"": ""(6, 0)"", ""C"": ""(0, -8)"", ""D"": ""(-4, 0)"", ""E"": ""(-6, 0)"", ""F"": ""(0, 2)"", ""G"": ""(0, 8)""}","{""labels"": [""A"", ""B"", ""D""], ""texts"": [""A. (2, 0), B. (6, 0), D. (-4, 0)""]}"
dc,standalone,maths,algebra,number_systems,Let a represent a non-zero rational number and let $b$ represent an irrational number. Which expression could represent a rational number?,Which expression could represent a rational number?,"{""A"": ""$-b$"", ""B"": ""$a + b$"", ""C"": ""$ab$"", ""D"": ""$b^{2}$""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""D. $b^{2}$""}"
dc,standalone,maths,algebra,quadratic_equations,"Let a represent a non-zero rational number and let $b$ represent an irrational number. Which expression could represent a rational number? Consider a quadratic equation with integer coefficients and two distinct zeros. If one zero is irrational, which statement is true about the other zero?","If one zero is irrational, which statement is true about the other zero?","{""A"": ""The other zero must be rational."", ""B"": ""The other zero must be irrational."", ""C"": ""The other zero can be either rational or irrational."", ""D"": ""The other zero must be non-real.""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""B. The other zero must be irrational.""}"
dc,standalone,maths,algebra,polynomials,,Which expression is equivalent to $(3x^{5} + 8x^{3}) - (7x^{2} - 6x^{3})$ ?,"{""A"": ""$-4x^{3} + 14$"", ""B"": ""$-4x^{5} + 14x^{3}$"", ""C"": ""$3x^{5} + 14x^{3} - 7x^{2}$"", ""D"": ""$3x^{5} + 2x^{3} - 7x^{2}$""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""C. $3x^{5} + 14x^{3} - 7x^{2}$""}"
dc,standalone,maths,algebra,linear_equations,,Which points are on the graph of the equation $-3x + 6y + 5 = -7?$ Select all that apply.,"{""A"": ""(-3,6)"", ""B"": ""(-2,0)"", ""C"": ""(0,-2)"", ""D"": ""(6,-3)"", ""E"": ""(8,2)""}","{""labels"": [""C"", ""E""], ""texts"": [""C. (0,-2), E. (8,2)""]}"
dc,standalone,maths,algebra,polynomials,,Which factorization can be used to reveal the zeros of the function $f(n) = -12n^2 - 11n + 15?$,"{""A"": ""$f(n) = -n(12n + 11) + 15$"", ""B"": ""$f(n) = (-4n + 3)(3n + 5)$"", ""C"": ""$f(n) = - (4n + 3)(3n + 5)$"", ""D"": ""$f(n) = (4n + 3)(-3n + 5)$""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""B. $f(n) = (-4n + 3)(3n + 5)$""}"
dc,standalone,maths,algebra,inequalities,,"Which pairs $(x,y)$ represent hours that Leah could work to meet the given conditions? Select all that apply.","{""A"": ""(4, 15)"", ""B"": ""(5, 12)"", ""C"": ""(10, 9)"", ""D"": ""(15, 5)"", ""E"": ""(19, 1)""}","{""labels"": [""A"", ""B"", ""C""], ""texts"": [""A. (4, 15), B. (5, 12), C. (10, 9)""]}"
dc,standalone,maths,algebra,formulas,Which formula shows how the length of a rectangle can be determined from the perimeter and the width?,Which formula shows how the length of a rectangle can be determined from the perimeter and the width?,"{""A"": ""$l = \\frac{P}{2} - 2w$"", ""B"": ""$l = \\frac{P - 2w}{2}$"", ""C"": ""$l = \\frac{P}{2} +w$"", ""D"": ""$l = \\frac{P - 2}{2w}$""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""B. $l = \\frac{P - 2w}{2}$""}"
dc,standalone,maths,algebra,statistics,,Which statements are true about the data for team R and team S? Select all that apply.,"{""A"": ""The median time of team R is less than the median time of team S."", ""B"": ""The median time of team R is greater than the median time of team S."", ""C"": ""The interquartile range of team R is less than the interquartile range of team S."", ""D"": ""The interquartile range of team R is equal to the interquartile range of team S."", ""E"": ""The data for team R is skewed to the left."", ""F"": ""The data for team S includes an outlier.""}","{""labels"": [""A"", ""C""], ""texts"": [""A. The median time of team R is less than the median time of team S., C. The interquartile range of team R is less than the interquartile range of team S.""]}"
dc,standalone,maths,algebra,quadratic_equations,,Find the equation that is equivalent to the quadratic equation shown. $x^{2} - 6x - 27 = 0$,"{""A"": ""$x(x - 3) = 27$"", ""B"": ""$(x - 6)^{2} = 63$"", ""C"": ""$(x - 3)^{2} = 36$"", ""D"": ""$(x - 3)^{2} = 28$""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""C. $(x - 3)^{2} = 36$""}"
dc,standalone,maths,algebra,exponential_functions,"The elephant population in northwestern Namibia and Etosha National Park can be predicted by the expression $2,649(1.045)^b$ , where $b$ is the number of years since 1995. What does the value 2,649 represent?","What does the value 2,649 represent?","{""A"": ""the predicted increase in the number of elephants in the region each year"", ""B"": ""the predicted number of elephants in the region in 1995"", ""C"": ""the year when the elephant population is predicted to stop increasing"", ""D"": ""the percentage the elephant population is predicted to increase each year""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""B. the predicted number of elephants in the region in 1995""}"
dc,standalone,maths,algebra,functions,,What is the domain of $M(n)$ in this context?,"{""A"": ""all whole numbers"", ""B"": ""all non-negative rational numbers"", ""C"": ""all non-negative integers that are multiples of 9"", ""D"": ""all non-negative integers less than or equal to 100""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""D. all non-negative integers less than or equal to 100""}"
dc,standalone,maths,algebra,geometry,,"Which is a function for the volume, $V,$ that is inside the larger cylinder but outside the one with the smaller radius, $r?$","{""A"": ""$V(r) = 1,200\\pi -12\\pi r^2$"", ""B"": ""$V(r) = 120\\pi -12\\pi r^2$"", ""C"": ""$V(r) = 12\\pi r^2$"", ""D"": ""$V(r) = 12\\pi (10 - r)^2$""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""A. $V(r) = 1,200\\pi -12\\pi r^2$""}"
dc,standalone,maths,algebra,functions,Suppose that there is space between the inner and outer cylinders and the radius of the inner cylinder must be an integer greater than or equal to 3. What is the domain of $V?$,What is the domain of $V?$,"{""A"": ""all integers greater than or equal to 3"", ""B"": ""3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10"", ""C"": ""3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9"", ""D"": ""$3 \\leq r \\leq 9$""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""C. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9""}"
bowl,final,physics,experimental_physics,units_dimensions,,A scientist computes a speed as  $\frac{12 \text{ mm}}{3 \mu\text{s}}$ . Which one of the following choices represents this same speed?,"{""A"": "" $4 \\frac{\\text{km}}{\\text{s}}$ "", ""B"": "" $4 \\frac{\\text{nm}}{\\text{s}}$ "", ""C"": "" $4 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$ "", ""D"": "" $4 \\frac{\\text{Gm}}{\\text{s}}$ "", ""E"": "" $4 \\frac{\\text{pm}}{\\text{s}}$ ""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": "" $4 \\frac{\\text{km}}{\\text{s}}$ ""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,kinematics,A small object is released from rest and falls freely for 4.00 s until reaching the ground.,What was the height above the ground from which the object was released?,"{""A"": ""10.0 m"", ""B"": ""20.0 m"", ""C"": ""40.0 m"", ""D"": ""80.0 m"", ""E"": ""160.0 m""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""80.0 m""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,dynamics,,Which one of the following choices is a vector quantity?,"{""A"": ""average speed"", ""B"": ""kinetic energy"", ""C"": ""mass"", ""D"": ""time"", ""E"": ""acceleration""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""acceleration""}"
bowl,final,physics,thermal_physics,temperature_heat,,At which one of the following temperatures does water undergo a phase change into a solid at a pressure of 1.0 atm?,"{""A"": ""273 K"", ""B"": "" $0^\\circ\\text{F}$ "", ""C"": "" $32^\\circ\\text{C}$ "", ""D"": "" $100^\\circ\\text{F}$ "", ""E"": ""0 K""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""273 K""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,momentum_collisions,,"Which one of the following choices is most closely associated with the following observation about an isolated object: ""The linear momentum of the object is constant.""?","{""A"": ""Huygens' Principle"", ""B"": ""Kepler's First Law"", ""C"": ""Hooke's Law"", ""D"": ""Pascal's Principle"", ""E"": ""Newton's First Law""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""Newton's First Law""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,simple_harmonic_motion,A mass connected to an ideal spring oscillates with a period  $T$  when it is released from rest at a position  $A$  from equilibrium.,Which one of the following choices correctly identifies the period of oscillation for the mass connected to the same spring when it is released from rest at a position  $2A$  from equilibrium?,"{""A"": "" $\\frac{1}{4}T$ "", ""B"": "" $\\frac{1}{2}T$ "", ""C"": "" $T$ "", ""D"": "" $2T$ "", ""E"": "" $4T$ ""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": "" $T$ ""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,momentum_collisions,"A  $4.00 \text{ kg}$  object moves to the right with speed  $5.00 \frac{\text{m}}{\text{s}}$ . A  $5.00 \text{ kg}$  object moves to the left with speed  $3.00 \frac{\text{m}}{\text{s}}$ . After colliding, the  $4.00 \text{ kg}$  object moves to the left with speed  $1.00 \frac{\text{m}}{\text{s}}$ .",What is the speed of the  $5.00 \text{ kg}$  object after the collision?,"{""A"": "" $1.00 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$  "", ""B"": "" $1.80 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$  "", ""C"": "" $3.00 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$  "", ""D"": "" $4.11 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$  "", ""E"": "" $7.80 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$ ""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": "" $1.80 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$ ""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,kinematics,A 5.00 kg block slides with uniform acceleration on a horizontal surface for 5.00 s. The block's kinetic energy strictly decreases from 50.0 J to 20.0 J in this time.,What is the average speed of the block during the motion described?,"{""A"": "" $7.00 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$  "", ""B"": "" $3.74 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$  "", ""C"": "" $3.65 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$  "", ""D"": "" $2.65 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$  "", ""E"": "" $2.58 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$ ""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": "" $3.65 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$ ""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,dynamics,A 5.00 kg block slides with uniform acceleration on a horizontal surface for 5.00 s. The block's kinetic energy strictly decreases from 50.0 J to 20.0 J in this time.,Which one of the following choices best represents the magnitude of the block's acceleration during the motion described?,"{""A"": "" $3.43 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}^2}$  "", ""B"": "" $2.40 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}^2}$  "", ""C"": "" $1.20 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}^2}$  "", ""D"": "" $0.329 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}^2}$  "", ""E"": "" $0.232 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}^2}$ ""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": "" $0.329 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}^2}$ ""}"
bowl,final,physics,modern_physics,nuclear_physics,,"According to currently accepted theory, dark matter makes up approximately what percent of the Universe?","{""A"": ""5 %"", ""B"": ""25 %"", ""C"": ""50 %"", ""D"": ""80 %"", ""E"": ""99 %""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""25 %""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,dynamics,A block is suspended in the air at the end of a string held by a person. The person pulls on the string uniformly accelerating the block upward for a short time.,"During this time, which one of the following choices correctly identifies the Newton's Third Law pair force to the force of the string on the block?","{""A"": ""the gravitational force from the Earth on the block"", ""B"": ""the force from the string on the person"", ""C"": ""the force from the person on the string"", ""D"": ""the force from the block on the string"", ""E"": ""the force from the person on the block""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""the force from the block on the string""}"
bowl,final,physics,waves,wave_properties,,Which one of the following choices best represents the type of electromagnetic wave associated with a frequency of  $10^{18} \text{ Hz}$ ?,"{""A"": ""AM radio"", ""B"": ""microwaves"", ""C"": ""ultraviolet light"", ""D"": ""X rays"", ""E"": ""red light""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""X rays""}"
bowl,final,physics,experimental_physics,units_dimensions,"The following lengths are added together:  $L_1 = 8.36 \times 10^4 \text{ m}$ ,  $L_2 = 9.20 \times 10^2 \text{ m}$ ,  $L_3 = 1.39 \times 10^{-1} \text{ m}$ , and  $L_4 = 2.1 \times 10^0 \text{ m}$ .",How many significant digits are in the resulting sum?,"{""A"": ""2"", ""B"": ""3"", ""C"": ""4"", ""D"": ""5"", ""E"": ""7""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""4""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,rotational_motion,A disk of radius 75.0 cm makes 3.5 revolutions when coming to rest in 2.50 s.,What was the initial angular speed of the disk?,"{""A"": "" $1.40 \\frac{\\text{rad}}{\\text{s}}$ "", ""B"": "" $6.60 \\frac{\\text{rad}}{\\text{s}}$ "", ""C"": "" $8.80 \\frac{\\text{rad}}{\\text{s}}$ "", ""D"": "" $13.2 \\frac{\\text{rad}}{\\text{s}}$ "", ""E"": "" $17.6 \\frac{\\text{rad}}{\\text{s}}$ ""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": "" $17.6 \\frac{\\text{rad}}{\\text{s}}$ ""}"
bowl,final,physics,thermal_physics,gas_laws,An ideal gas at a temperature of 100 °C has 3.0 moles of particles enclosed in a 5.0 L container.,Which one of the following choices best represents the pressure of the gas?,"{""A"": "" $4.99 \\times 10^5 \\text{ Pa}$ "", ""B"": "" $1.86 \\times 10^6 \\text{ Pa}$ "", ""C"": "" $5.02 \\times 10^6 \\text{ Pa}$ "", ""D"": "" $5.05 \\times 10^7 \\text{ Pa}$ "", ""E"": "" $1.88 \\times 10^8 \\text{ Pa}$ ""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": "" $1.86 \\times 10^6 \\text{ Pa}$ ""}"
bowl,final,physics,optics,physical_optics,An object appears green when ideal cyan light shines on it.,"If ideal yellow light were to shine on the object, which one of the following choices identifies the color(s) that the object could appear?","{""A"": ""only red"", ""B"": ""only yellow"", ""C"": ""only green or black"", ""D"": ""only yellow or green"", ""E"": ""only yellow, green, or red""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""only yellow or green""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,momentum_collisions,,The change in linear momentum of an object is always in the same direction as the,"{""A"": ""velocity of the object."", ""B"": ""displacement of the object."", ""C"": ""average speed of the object."", ""D"": ""average velocity of the object."", ""E"": ""average acceleration of the object.""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""average acceleration of the object.""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,fluids,A large swimming pool is filled with a liquid having a density of  $5.00 \times 10^2 \frac{\text{kg}}{\text{m}^3}$ . A person wants to see what happens if she jumps into the deep end of the pool (3.0 meters deep).,Which one of the following choices correctly identifies what will happen to the person? Assume that the person does not try to move their arms or legs until discovering what happens after equilibrium is established.,"{""A"": ""The person will float with much more than 50% of their body's volume above the liquid's surface."", ""B"": ""The person will float with approximately 50% of their body's volume above the liquid's surface."", ""C"": ""The person will float with much less than 50% of their body's volume above the liquid's surface."", ""D"": ""The person will sink but remain off the bottom of the pool."", ""E"": ""The person will sink to the pool's bottom.""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""The person will sink to the pool's bottom.""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,momentum_collisions,A 1500 ???? car and a 6000 ???? truck have a perfectly inelastic collision on a street.,Which one of the following choices correctly identifies the object(s) that lose kinetic energy from the impact?,"{""A"": ""Neither object loses kinetic energy."", ""B"": ""Only the car loses kinetic energy."", ""C"": ""Only the truck loses kinetic energy."", ""D"": ""Both the car and truck lose kinetic energy."", ""E"": ""The answer cannot be determined without more information.""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""The answer cannot be determined without more information.""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,rotational_motion,,What condition must be met for the angular momentum of a system to be constant?,"{""A"": ""The mechanical energy is constant."", ""B"": ""There is no net external force acting on the system."", ""C"": ""The system is in static equilibrium."", ""D"": ""There is no net external torque acting on the system."", ""E"": ""Only the gravitational force is acting on the system.""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""There is no net external torque acting on the system.""}"
bowl,final,physics,electricity_magnetism,magnetic_fields,"A shipment of parts is labeled in units of ""ohm-second.""",Which one of the following choices represents an equivalent unit?,"{""A"": ""henry"", ""B"": ""farad"", ""C"": ""joule"", ""D"": ""volt"", ""E"": ""weber""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""henry""}"
bowl,final,physics,electricity_magnetism,circuits,Two lightbulbs ( $X$  and  $Y$ ) are connected in series to a battery. Bulb  $X$  is brighter than bulb  $Y$ . Assume all circuit elements are ideal.,"If bulbs  $X$  and  $Y$  are connected in parallel with each other to the same battery, which one of the following choices best represents what is observed?","{""A"": ""Bulb X remains brighter than bulb Y"", ""B"": ""Bulb X remains brighter than bulb Y"", ""C"": ""Bulb X remains brighter than bulb Y"", ""D"": ""Bulb Y now is brighter than bulb X"", ""E"": ""Bulb Y now is brighter than bulb X""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""Bulb Y now is brighter than bulb X""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,kinematics,A projectile is launched at an angle of  $40^\circ$  above the horizontal with a speed of  $30 \frac{m}{s}$ .,How much time passes before the position of the projectile makes an angle of  $20^\circ$  above the horizontal from the original launch point?,"{""A"": ""3.02 s"", ""B"": ""2.38 s"", ""C"": ""2.18 s"", ""D"": ""1.93 s"", ""E"": ""1.64 s""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""2.18 s""}"
bowl,final,physics,waves,resonance,"A scientist performs an experiment in which she determines the shortest length of a gas column needed to create resonance for a vibrating tuning fork over a tube closed at one end. She plots the gas column length against the inverse of the frequency for a set of tuning forks and finds that she has a straight line fit through the data. Representing the slope of the line as  $m$ ,",which one of the following choices correctly identifies the speed of waves through the gas in the experiment?,"{""A"": "" $\\frac{1}{4}m$  "", ""B"": "" $m$  "", ""C"": "" $2m$  "", ""D"": "" $\\frac{4}{3}m$  "", ""E"": "" $4m$  ""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": "" $4m$ ""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,rotational_motion,,Which one of the following choices best approximates the magnitude of the Earth's angular momentum (expressed in base MKS units) associated with its orbit around the Sun?,"{""A"": "" $10^{36}$ "", ""B"": "" $10^{40}$ "", ""C"": "" $10^{44}$ "", ""D"": "" $10^{48}$ "", ""E"": "" $10^{52}$ ""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": "" $10^{40}$ ""}"
bowl,final,physics,waves,doppler_effect,A point wave source travels along the  $x$ -axis at constant speed  $v_s$ . Stationary observers on the  $x$ -axis measure the wavelength of the waves that they receive. The ratio of the wavelength measured at a location behind the source to the wavelength measured at a location in front of the source is  $1.50$ .,"If the wave speed is  $v$ , what is the source speed  $v_s$ ?","{""A"": "" $\\frac{1}{5}v$ "", ""B"": "" $\\frac{1}{4}v$ "", ""C"": "" $\\frac{1}{3}v$ "", ""D"": "" $\\frac{1}{2}v$ "", ""E"": "" $\\frac{2}{3}v$ ""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": "" $\\frac{1}{5}v$ ""}"
bowl,final,physics,waves,interference,Pure red light shines through a diffraction grating of  $1200 \frac{\text{lines}}{\text{cm}}$  and produces an interference pattern on a screen a distance 5.0 m away.,Which one of the following choices best represents the distance between the first and third principal bright spots on the screen?,"{""A"": ""0.02 m"", ""B"": ""0.10 m"", ""C"": ""1.0 m"", ""D"": ""2.0 m"", ""E"": ""4.0 m""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""1.0 m""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,kinematics,A ball is launched vertically upward. The vertical position of the ball 0.70 s after release is the same as its vertical position 4.10 s after its release.,At what time is the object first at a vertical position that is one-half of the maximum height it obtains during its flight?,"{""A"": ""0.35 s"", ""B"": ""0.70 s"", ""C"": ""0.85 s"", ""D"": ""1.20 s"", ""E"": ""1.70 s""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""0.70 s""}"
bowl,final,physics,optics,geometric_optics,,Which one of the following magnifications cannot be produced using a single converging lens?,"{""A"": "" $\\frac{1}{2}$  "", ""B"": ""2"", ""C"": "" $-\\frac{1}{2}$  "", ""D"": ""-1"", ""E"": ""-2""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": "" $\\frac{1}{2}$ ""}"
bowl,final,physics,electricity_magnetism,electric_potential,"Two copper spheres, X and Y, with different radii ( $R_X > R_Y$ ) and equal excess charge  $+Q$ , are placed apart from each other. A scientist using insulating gloves connects the spheres with a copper wire.",Which one of the following choices best describes what happens after the connection is made?,"{""A"": ""There is a net movement of electrons from sphere Y to sphere X until the electric field just outside the surface of each sphere has the same magnitude."", ""B"": ""There is a net movement of electrons from sphere Y to sphere X until the electric potential just outside the surface of each sphere has the same magnitude."", ""C"": ""There is a net movement of electrons from sphere X to sphere Y until the electric field just outside the surface of each sphere has the same magnitude."", ""D"": ""There is a net movement of electrons from sphere X to sphere Y until the electric potential just outside the surface of each sphere has the same magnitude."", ""E"": ""There is no net movement of electrons from one sphere to the other because the spheres already have equal charge.""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""There is a net movement of electrons from sphere X to sphere Y until the electric potential just outside the surface of each sphere has the same magnitude.""}"
bowl,final,physics,modern_physics,relativity,Two identical particles travel to the right. The particle traveling at  $2.40 \times 10^8 \frac{m}{s}$  collides with and sticks to the other particle traveling at  $1.80 \times 10^8 \frac{m}{s}$ .,Which one of the following choices best represents the speed of the resulting object after collision?,"{""A"": "" $2.20 \\times 10^8 \\frac{m}{s}$  "", ""B"": "" $2.14 \\times 10^8 \\frac{m}{s}$  "", ""C"": "" $2.10 \\times 10^8 \\frac{m}{s}$  "", ""D"": "" $2.06 \\times 10^8 \\frac{m}{s}$  "", ""E"": "" $2.00 \\times 10^8 \\frac{m}{s}$  ""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": "" $2.14 \\times 10^8 \\frac{m}{s}$ ""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,work_energy_power,"A 20,000 kg truck is traveling at 25 km/hr.",At what speed does a 1000 kg car need to travel to have the same kinetic energy as the truck?,"{""A"": ""112 km/hr"", ""B"": ""132 km/hr"", ""C"": ""102 km/hr"", ""D"": ""79.0 km/hr"", ""E"": ""89.0 km/hr""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""89.0 km/hr""}"
bowl,final,physics,physics_general,mixed_concepts,,Who was the *last* person to walk on the Moon?,"{""A"": ""Buzz Aldrin"", ""B"": ""Eugene Cernan"", ""C"": ""Neil Armstrong"", ""D"": ""Sally Ride"", ""E"": ""Gus Grissom""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""Eugene Cernan""}"
bowl,final,physics,circular_motion_gravitation,uniform_circular_motion,Two bodies of equal mass are moving in circular paths at equal speed.,The first body moves in a circle whose radius is twice that of the second. The ratio of the radial acceleration of the first body to that of the second is:,"{""A"": ""1 to 4"", ""B"": ""1 to 3"", ""C"": ""1 to 2"", ""D"": ""1 to 1"", ""E"": ""1 to 0.5""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""1 to 2""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,momentum_collisions,A bullet with a mass of 5.0 g is fired horizontally into a 2.0 kg wooden block which is resting on a horizontal table.,The bullet stops in the block and the block and bullet combination move 2.0 m. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and surface of the table is 0.2. Find the initial speed of the bullet.,"{""A"": ""1123 m/s"", ""B"": ""1134 m/s"", ""C"": ""1132 m/s"", ""D"": ""113.2 m/s"", ""E"": ""113.4 m/s""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""113.4 m/s""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,dynamics,A car is moving along a straight horizontal road at a speed of 20 m/s. The brakes are applied and a constant force of 5000 N brings the car to a stop in 10 s.,What is the mass of the car?,"{""A"": ""1250 kg"", ""B"": ""2500 kg"", ""C"": ""5000 kg"", ""D"": ""7500 kg"", ""E"": ""10,000 kg""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""2500 kg""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,dynamics,Two forces have magnitudes of 11.0 N and 5.0 N.,The magnitude of their sum could NOT be equal to which of the following values?,"{""A"": ""16.0 N"", ""B"": ""9.0 N"", ""C"": ""7.0 N"", ""D"": ""5.0 N"", ""E"": ""6.0 N""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""5.0 N""}"
bowl,final,physics,waves,wave_properties,,Which of the following colors of visible light has the longest wavelength?,"{""A"": ""Violet"", ""B"": ""Yellow"", ""C"": ""Blue"", ""D"": ""Green"", ""E"": ""Red""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""Red""}"
bowl,final,physics,thermal_physics,kinetic_theory,An increase in the translational motion of the molecules of a gas confined in a steel tank will be observed in one of the following ways.,It will produce an increase in:,"{""A"": ""the temperature of the gas only."", ""B"": ""the pressure of the gas only."", ""C"": ""both the temperature and pressure of the gas."", ""D"": ""the temperature of the gas and a decrease in its pressure."", ""E"": ""the volume of the gas.""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""both the temperature and pressure of the gas.""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,work_energy_power,"When descending mountain roads, large trucks pulling a heavy load can burn up the brakes. Once the brakes are no longer useful, the driver may need to guide the truck up a ""runaway truck lane"" on the side of the road. The runaway truck lane is directed uphill and often has a thick layer or sand or gravel or both on the surface.",Which of the following is one of the reasons the truck will stop?,"{""A"": ""An increase in kinetic energy"", ""B"": ""A decrease in potential energy"", ""C"": ""A decrease in fuel"", ""D"": ""A transfer of energy to the gravel on the track of the runaway truck lane"", ""E"": ""The change in temperature of the engine""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""A transfer of energy to the gravel on the track of the runaway truck lane""}"
bowl,final,physics,simple_harmonic_motion,simple_harmonic_motion,A 4.0 kg mass at the end of a spring moves with simple harmonic motion on a horizontal frictionless table with a period of 2.0 s and an amplitude of 2.0 m.,Determine the maximum force exerted on the spring.,"{""A"": ""25.1 N"", ""B"": ""158 N"", ""C"": ""39.5 N"", ""D"": ""63.0 N"", ""E"": ""79.0 N""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""79.0 N""}"
bowl,final,physics,physics_general,mixed_concepts,"The James Webb Space Telescope was launched on December 25, 2021 and arrived at its destination, LaGrange Point 2, on January 24, 2022. This point is approximately 1,500,000 km from the Earth and it is where the telescope will orbit the sun.",What was James Webb's former occupation?,"{""A"": ""Astronomer"", ""B"": ""Telescope designer/engineer"", ""C"": ""Silicon valley entrepreneur and financier of the telescope project"", ""D"": ""Space shuttle astronaut/pilot"", ""E"": ""NASA Administrator""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""NASA Administrator""}"
bowl,final,physics,circular_motion_gravitation,gravitation,"The James Webb Space Telescope was launched on December 25, 2021 and arrived at its destination, LaGrange Point 2, on January 24, 2022. This point is approximately 1,500,000 km from the Earth and it is where the telescope will orbit the sun.",How long will it take the radio signal sent by the James Webb Space Telescope to reach the Earth?,"{""A"": ""0.005 s"", ""B"": ""0.05 s"", ""C"": ""5 s"", ""D"": ""50 s"", ""E"": ""5000 s""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""5 s""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,work_energy_power,A car engine moves a piston with a circular cross-section of 7.500 cm in diameter a distance of 3.250 cm to compress the gas in the cylinder.,By what amount is the gas decreased in volume?,"{""A"": ""143.6 cm³"", ""B"": ""153.6 cm³"", ""C"": ""662.7 cm³"", ""D"": ""682.7 cm³"", ""E"": ""88.36 cm³""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""143.6 cm³""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,kinematics,A fisherman watches a dolphin leap out of the water at an angle of 35° above the horizontal. The horizontal component of the dolphin's velocity is 7.7 m/s.,Find the magnitude of the vertical component of the velocity.,"{""A"": ""4.4 m/s"", ""B"": ""6.3 m/s"", ""C"": ""11 m/s"", ""D"": ""5.4 m/s"", ""E"": ""3.2 m/s""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""5.4 m/s""}"
bowl,final,physics,circular_motion_gravitation,simple_harmonic_motion,"Two simple pendula are 60 cm and 63 cm in length. They hang vertically, one in front of the other.","If they are set in motion simultaneously, find the time taken for one to gain a complete cycle of oscillation on the other.","{""A"": ""15.4 s"", ""B"": ""15.7 s"", ""C"": ""31.5 s"", ""D"": ""62.4 s"", ""E"": ""79.7 s""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""31.5 s""}"
bowl,final,physics,electricity_magnetism,circuits,,"If a copper wire is stretched to make it 0.1% longer, what is the percentage change in its resistance?","{""A"": ""0.01%"", ""B"": ""0.1%"", ""C"": ""0.2%"", ""D"": ""0.4%"", ""E"": ""0.5%""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""0.2%""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,work_energy_power,,"A block of wood initially at rest slides down an inclined plane. Neglecting friction, the kinetic energy of the block at the bottom of the plane is:","{""A"": ""all converted into heat."", ""B"": ""less than its kinetic energy at the top of the plane."", ""C"": ""dependent on the materials of which the block is made."", ""D"": ""dependent on the materials of which the inclined plane is made."", ""E"": ""equal to its potential energy (with respect to the bottom of the plane) when it was at the top of the plane.""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""equal to its potential energy (with respect to the bottom of the plane) when it was at the top of the plane.""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,kinematics,"In the last one second of a free fall, an apple traveled three-fourths of its total path.",From what height did the apple fall?,"{""A"": ""10 m"", ""B"": ""15 m"", ""C"": ""20 m"", ""D"": ""25 m"", ""E"": ""30 m""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""20 m""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,dynamics,A helicopter with a mass of 700 kg will hover when its rotating blades move through an area of 50  $\text{m}^2$ .,Find the average speed imparted to the air (density of air = 1.3  $\text{kg}/\text{m}^3$ ),"{""A"": ""7.66 m/s"", ""B"": ""10.4 m/s"", ""C"": ""16.5 m/s"", ""D"": ""38.0 m/s"", ""E"": ""44.1 m/s""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""16.5 m/s""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,dynamics,,"A refrigerator has a mass of 150 kg and rests in the open back end of a delivery truck. If the truck accelerates from rest at 1.5  $\text{m}/\text{s}^2$ , what is the minimum coefficient of static friction between the refrigerator and the bed of the truck that is required to prevent the refrigerator from sliding off the back of the truck?","{""A"": ""0.08"", ""B"": ""0.10"", ""C"": ""0.12"", ""D"": ""0.15"", ""E"": ""0.18""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""0.15""}"
bowl,final,physics,circular_motion_gravitation,uniform_circular_motion,An object starting from rest moves on a circular path with a radius 40 cm and a constant tangential acceleration of 10  $\text{cm}/\text{s}^2$ .,How much time is needed after the motion begins for the centripetal acceleration of the object to be equal to the tangential acceleration?,"{""A"": ""0.2 s"", ""B"": ""1.0 s"", ""C"": ""1.2 s"", ""D"": ""1.8 s"", ""E"": ""2.0 s""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""2.0 s""}"
bowl,final,physics,electricity_magnetism,electric_fields,The distance between the electron and the proton in the hydrogen atom is about  $0.53 \times 10^{-10}$  m.,By what factor is the electrical force between the electron and proton stronger than the gravitational force between them?,"{""A"": ""$1.3 \\times 10^{39}$"", ""B"": ""$2.3 \\times 10^{39}$"", ""C"": ""$3.3 \\times 10^{39}$"", ""D"": ""$4.3 \\times 10^{39}$"", ""E"": ""$5.3 \\times 10^{39}$""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""$3.3 \\times 10^{39}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,dynamics,A 3.00 kg bucket of water is raised with an upward acceleration of 2.20  $\text{m}/\text{s}^2$  from a well by means of an attached rope.,What is the tension in the rope?,"{""A"": ""30.2 N"", ""B"": ""33.3 N"", ""C"": ""36.6 N"", ""D"": ""39.0 N"", ""E"": ""43.2 N""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""36.6 N""}"
bowl,final,physics,waves,interference,,"Two light waves, initially emitted in phase, will interfere constructively with maximum amplitude if the path-length difference between them is:","{""A"": ""1.5 wavelengths"", ""B"": ""one wavelength"", ""C"": ""one-half wavelength"", ""D"": ""one-quarter wavelength"", ""E"": ""one-eighth wavelength""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""one wavelength""}"
bowl,final,physics,circular_motion_gravitation,uniform_circular_motion,"For an object moving in uniform circular motion, the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration is given by  $a_c = v^2/r$ , where  $v$  is the speed of the object, and  $r$  is the radius of the circle. The “jerk” is the rate of change of acceleration.","For uniform circular motion, the magnitude of the jerk is given by:","{""A"": ""zero"", ""B"": ""$v^2/r$"", ""C"": ""$v^2r$"", ""D"": ""$v^3/r$"", ""E"": ""$v^3/r^2$""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""$v^3/r$""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,momentum_collisions,A machine gun fires 100 g bullets at a speed of 1000 m/s. The person holding the machine gun in their hands can exert an average force of 150 N against the gun.,"If the gun is to remain stationary, what is the maximum number of bullets that can be fired per minute?","{""A"": ""10"", ""B"": ""15"", ""C"": ""30"", ""D"": ""60"", ""E"": ""90""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""90""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,work_energy_power,"A cyclist, using a power meter while on a training ride, checks and sees that she is doing work at the rate of 500 W.",How much average force does her foot exert on the pedals when she is traveling at 8.0 m/s?,"{""A"": ""31 N"", ""B"": ""63 N"", ""C"": ""80 N"", ""D"": ""320 N"", ""E"": ""710 N""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""63 N""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,kinematics,"Water drips from the nozzle of a shower onto the floor 2.45 m below. The drops fall at regular intervals of time, the first drop striking the floor at the instant the third drop begins to fall.","Measured from the shower head, what is the location of the second drop when the first drop strikes the floor.","{""A"": ""0.313 m"", ""B"": ""0.613 m"", ""C"": ""0.938 m"", ""D"": ""1.25 m"", ""E"": ""1.563 m""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""0.613 m""}"
bowl,final,physics,circular_motion_gravitation,rotational_motion,"A star initially has a radius of  $6 \times 10^8 \text{ m}$  and a period of rotation about its axis of 30 days. Eventually, it collapses to form a neutron star with a radius of only  $1 \times 10^4 \text{ m}$  and a period of 0.1 s.","Assuming that the mass has not changed, find the ratio of initial and final angular momentum of the star.","{""A"": ""15.92"", ""B"": ""214.6"", ""C"": ""103.1"", ""D"": ""442.1"", ""E"": ""138.9""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""138.9""}"
bowl,final,physics,waves,sound,"For ordinary conversation, a sound level meter reads 60 dB.",What is the intensity of this sound wave?,"{""A"": ""$6.0 \\times 10^{-6} \\text{ W/m}^2$"", ""B"": ""$1.0 \\times 10^{-4} \\text{ W/m}^2$"", ""C"": ""$6.0 \\times 10^{-4} \\text{ W/m}^2$"", ""D"": ""$1.0 \\times 10^{-6} \\text{ W/m}^2$"", ""E"": ""$1.0 \\times 10^{-8} \\text{ W/m}^2$""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""$1.0 \\times 10^{-6} \\text{ W/m}^2$""}"
bowl,final,physics,electricity_magnetism,electric_fields,A tiny ball with a mass of 0.6 g carries a charge of magnitude  $8 \mu \text{C}$ . It is suspended by a thread in a downward directed electric field of intensity  $300 \text{ N/C}$ .,What is the tension in the thread if the charge on the ball is positive?,"{""A"": ""$2.40 \\times 10^{-3} \\text{ N}$"", ""B"": ""$6.00 \\times 10^{-3} \\text{ N}$"", ""C"": ""$8.40 \\times 10^{-3} \\text{ N}$"", ""D"": ""$6.00 \\times 10^{-2} \\text{ N}$"", ""E"": ""$6.24 \\times 10^{-3} \\text{ N}$""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""$8.40 \\times 10^{-3} \\text{ N}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,optics,geometric_optics,A thick glass plate has parallel sides. A beam of white light is incident on one side at an angle between  $0^\circ$  and  $90^\circ$  with the normal.,Which color emerges from the other side first?,"{""A"": ""All of them"", ""B"": ""red"", ""C"": ""green"", ""D"": ""violet"", ""E"": ""None of them""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""All of them""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,kinematics,"A car and a truck are both traveling with a constant speed of 20 m/s. The car is 10 m behind the truck. The truck driver suddenly applies his brakes, causing the truck to slow to a stop at the constant rate of  $2 \text{ m/s}^2$ . Two seconds later, the driver of the car applies their brakes and just manages to avoid a rear-end collision.",Determine the constant rate at which the car slowed.,"{""A"": ""$3.33 \\text{ m/s}^2$"", ""B"": ""$4.33 \\text{ m/s}^2$"", ""C"": ""$1.33 \\text{ m/s}^2$"", ""D"": ""$3.03 \\text{ m/s}^2$"", ""E"": ""$3.93 \\text{ m/s}^2$""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""$3.33 \\text{ m/s}^2$""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,momentum_collisions,"A radioactive carbon-14 nucleus decays into a beta particle, an antineutrino, and a nitrogen-14 nucleus. In a particular decay, the beta particle has momentum,  $p$ , and the nitrogen nucleus has momentum of magnitude  $4p/3$  at an angle of  $90^\circ$  to  $p$ .",At what angle (with respect to the beta particle) do you expect the antineutrino to be emitted?,"{""A"": ""$53^\\circ$"", ""B"": ""$37^\\circ$"", ""C"": ""$90^\\circ$"", ""D"": ""$127^\\circ$"", ""E"": ""$33^\\circ$""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""$127^\\circ$""}"
bowl,final,physics,circular_motion_gravitation,rotational_motion,,"An Olympic ice skater in Beijing spins at  $4\pi \text{ rad/s}$  with her arms extended. If her moment of inertia with arms folded is 80% of that with arms extended, what is her angular velocity when she folds her arms?","{""A"": ""$\\pi \\text{ rad/s}$"", ""B"": ""$2\\pi \\text{ rad/s}$"", ""C"": ""$3\\pi \\text{ rad/s}$"", ""D"": ""$5\\pi \\text{ rad/s}$"", ""E"": ""$6\\pi \\text{ rad/s}$""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""$5\\pi \\text{ rad/s}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,thermal_physics,gas_laws,"A weather balloon is loosely filled with  $2.0 \text{ m}^3$  of helium at  $1.0 \text{ atm}$  and  $27 ^\circ\text{C}$ . The balloon is then released. When it has reached an elevation of  $7000 \text{ m}$ , the pressure has dropped to  $0.41 \text{ atm}$  and the balloon has expanded.","If the temperature at this elevation is  $-31 ^\circ\text{C}$ , what is the new volume of the balloon?","{""A"": ""$2.7 \\text{ m}^3$"", ""B"": ""$3.2 \\text{ m}^3$"", ""C"": ""$3.9 \\text{ m}^3$"", ""D"": ""$4.6 \\text{ m}^3$"", ""E"": ""$5.1 \\text{ m}^3$""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""$5.1 \\text{ m}^3$""}"
bowl,final,physics,electricity_magnetism,circuits,"Three resistors of  $4 \Omega$ ,  $6 \Omega$ , and  $12 \Omega$  are connected in parallel. This parallel arrangement is then connected in series with a  $1\Omega$  and a  $2\Omega$  resistor. A potential difference of  $120 \text{ V}$  is applied across the ends of the circuit.",What will be the potential drop across the part of the circuit connected in parallel?,"{""A"": ""$12 \\text{ V}$"", ""B"": ""$48 \\text{ V}$"", ""C"": ""$24 \\text{ V}$"", ""D"": ""$36 \\text{ V}$"", ""E"": ""$72 \\text{ V}$""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""$48 \\text{ V}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,modern_physics,radioactivity,How long would it take  $4.0 \times 10^{20}$  nuclei to decay to  $1.0 \times 10^{19}$  atoms if their half-life was  $14.7$  years?,,"{""A"": ""$29.4$ years"", ""B"": ""$58.8$ years"", ""C"": ""$78.2$ years"", ""D"": ""$147$ years"", ""E"": ""$161$ years""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""$147$ years""}"
bowl,final,physics,electricity_magnetism,forces_on_charges,An electric field of  $1500 \text{ V/m}$  and a magnetic field act on an electron moving with a speed of  $3000 \text{ m/s}$ .,"If the resultant force is to be zero, what should be the strength of the magnetic field?","{""A"": ""$0.35 \\text{ T}$"", ""B"": ""$0.50 \\text{ T}$"", ""C"": ""$0.72 \\text{ T}$"", ""D"": ""$0.81 \\text{ T}$"", ""E"": ""$0.96 \\text{ T}$""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""$0.50 \\text{ T}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,dynamics,A shipping box in a warehouse has a mass of 2.00 kg and slides down an inclined plane that makes an angle of  $30^\circ$  with the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the plane surface is 0.866.,How much force (parallel to the incline) should be applied to the box so that it moves down the plane at constant speed?,"{""A"": ""5.00 N"", ""B"": ""6.50 N"", ""C"": ""3.80 N"", ""D"": ""4.60 N"", ""E"": ""11.0 N""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""5.00 N""}"
bowl,final,physics,circular_motion_gravitation,gravitation,"If the Earth suddenly stopped in its orbit, and the orbit is assumed to be circular, how much time would elapse before it falls into the Sun?",,"{""A"": ""147 minutes"", ""B"": ""1.22 days"", ""C"": ""64.5 days"", ""D"": ""228 days"", ""E"": ""2.34 years""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""64.5 days""}"
bowl,final,physics,thermal_physics,thermodynamics,"An ideal gas system, with an initial volume of  $1.0 \text{ m}^3$  at standard temperature and pressure, undergoes the following three-stage cycle: Stage 1 – an isothermal expansion to twice its original volume. Stage 2 – a process by which its volume remains constant, its pressure returns to its original value and  $104 \text{ J}$  of heat is added to the system. Stage 3 – an isobaric compression to its original volume, with  $3 \times 10^4 \text{ J}$  of heat being removed from the system.",Calculate the work done on the system during Stage 3.,"{""A"": ""$-7.005 \\times 10^4 \\text{ J}$"", ""B"": ""$-1.013 \\times 10^4 \\text{ J}$"", ""C"": ""$-1.013 \\times 10^5 \\text{ J}$"", ""D"": ""$-7.050 \\times 10^5 \\text{ J}$"", ""E"": ""$-2.030 \\times 10^5 \\text{ J}$""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""$-1.013 \\times 10^5 \\text{ J}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,experimental_physics,units_dimensions,The Joule (J) is a derived unit of energy in the International System of Units. It is equal to which of the following,,"{""A"": ""$kg(\\frac{m}{s^2})$"", ""B"": ""$kg(\\frac{m}{s^2})$"", ""C"": ""$kg(\\frac{m^2}{s})$"", ""D"": ""$kg(\\frac{m^2}{s^2})$"", ""E"": ""$kg(\\frac{m^2}{s^3})$""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""$kg(\\frac{m^2}{s^2})$""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,work_energy_power,,"A brick is moving at a speed of $3\mathrm{m / s}$ and a pebble is moving at a speed of $5\mathrm{m / s}$ . If both objects have the same kinetic energy, what is the ratio of the brick's mass to the pebble's mass?","{""A"": ""25:9"", ""B"": ""5:3"", ""C"": ""4:1"", ""D"": ""3:1"", ""E"": ""$\\sqrt{5}$ : $\\sqrt{3}$""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""25:9""}"
bowl,final,physics,thermal_physics,fluids,,A hole with a radius of $1.0\mathrm{mm}$ develops in the bottom of a $15\mathrm{m}$ tall tank filled to the top with water. The tank is open at the top. At what rate will water initially flow out of the hole?,"{""A"": ""$5.4\\times 10^{-3}\\mathrm{m}^3 /\\mathrm{s}$"", ""B"": ""$5.4\\times 10^{-4}\\mathrm{m}^3 /\\mathrm{s}$"", ""C"": ""$5.4\\times 10^{-5}\\mathrm{m}^3 /\\mathrm{s}$"", ""D"": ""$5.4\\times 10^{-6}\\mathrm{m}^3 /\\mathrm{s}$"", ""E"": ""$5.4\\times 10^{-7}\\mathrm{m}^3 /\\mathrm{s}$""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""$5.4\\times 10^{-5}\\mathrm{m}^3 /\\mathrm{s}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,physics_general,general_reasoning,,Which of the following scientists was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 and again in 1972?,"{""A"": ""John Bardeen"", ""B"": ""Enrico Fermi"", ""C"": ""Murray Gell-Mann"", ""D"": ""Hans Bethe"", ""E"": ""Wolfgang Pauli""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""John Bardeen""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,work_energy_power,,Two cranes are used to lift loads vertically at constant speed from the ground to the top of a building. Crane 1 lifts an 8000-N load a height of 40 m in a time of 20 minutes. Crane 2 lifts a 6400-N load a height of 50 m in a time of 16 minutes. Which statement below correctly compares the mechanical power output of each crane?,"{""A"": ""The cranes have the same power because they perform the same amount of work."", ""B"": ""The cranes have the same power because the ratio of force exerted to time is the same."", ""C"": ""Crane 1 has a greater power because it exerts more force to lift the load."", ""D"": ""Crane 1 has a greater power because it raises the load over a longer time."", ""E"": ""Crane 2 has a greater power because it performs the same amount of work in less time.""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""Crane 2 has a greater power because it performs the same amount of work in less time.""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,rotational_motion,,"An ice skater is rotating with her arms extended. When she pulls in her arms, her rate of rotation increases. No external torques act on the skater. Which of the following statements is true?","{""A"": ""Her moment of inertia increased."", ""B"": ""Her kinetic energy is conserved."", ""C"": ""Her angular momentum decreased."", ""D"": ""She does work when pulling in her arms."", ""E"": ""Her angular momentum increased.""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""She does work when pulling in her arms.""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,work_energy_power,,"A rock that has a mass of $12\mathrm{kg}$ is sliding on a rough, horizontal surface. It has 24 J of kinetic energy and the friction force on it is a constant $0.50\mathrm{N}$ . What distance will it slide before coming to rest?","{""A"": ""$2.0\\mathrm{m}$"", ""B"": ""$12\\mathrm{m}$"", ""C"": ""$24\\mathrm{m}$"", ""D"": ""$36\\mathrm{m}$"", ""E"": ""$48\\mathrm{m}$""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""$48\\mathrm{m}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,experimental_physics,units_dimensions,,"The average density of blood is $1.06\times 10^{3}\mathrm{kg / m}^{3}$ . Imagine that you donate a pint of blood during a local blood drive. What mass of blood, in grams, have you donated? (1 pt $= 1 / 2\mathrm{L}$ , $1\mathrm{L} = 1000\mathrm{cm}^{3}$ .)","{""A"": ""$530\\mathrm{g}$"", ""B"": ""$0.530\\mathrm{g}$"", ""C"": ""$5300\\mathrm{g}$"", ""D"": ""$5.30\\times 10^{5}\\mathrm{g}$"", ""E"": ""$53.0\\mathrm{g}$""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""$530\\mathrm{g}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,kinematics,,"An object of mass $m$ initially at rest experiences a uniform, non-zero acceleration. Which of the following statements is correct?","{""A"": ""The object's displacement is directly proportional to its time of travel."", ""B"": ""The object's velocity is directly proportional to its time of travel."", ""C"": ""The object's acceleration is directly proportional to its time of travel."", ""D"": ""The object's kinetic energy is directly proportional to its time of travel."", ""E"": ""The net force acting on the object is directly proportional to its time of travel.""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""The object's velocity is directly proportional to its time of travel.""}"
bowl,final,physics,waves,resonance,,A person places some water on their fingertip and rubs the fingertip around the top surface of a water glass to produce a particular musical tone. This process is most closely associated with which of the following phenomena?,"{""A"": ""Diffraction"", ""B"": ""Dispersion"", ""C"": ""Doppler effect"", ""D"": ""Refraction"", ""E"": ""Resonance""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""Resonance""}"
bowl,final,physics,optics,geometric_optics,,An object is placed $20\mathrm{cm}$ in front of a converging lens with a focal length of $30\mathrm{cm}$ . What is the distance between the object and its image?,"{""A"": ""$8\\mathrm{cm}$"", ""B"": ""$32\\mathrm{cm}$"", ""C"": ""$40\\mathrm{cm}$"", ""D"": ""$60\\mathrm{cm}$"", ""E"": ""$80\\mathrm{cm}$""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""$60\\mathrm{cm}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,waves,sound,,A person standing $5.0\mathrm{m}$ from a barking dog measures the sound intensity level to be $65\mathrm{dB}$ . What would be the intensity level at that same distance if two identical dogs very close to each other are barking?,"{""A"": ""$34\\mathrm{dB}$"", ""B"": ""$65\\mathrm{dB}$"", ""C"": ""$68\\mathrm{dB}$"", ""D"": ""$130\\mathrm{dB}$"", ""E"": ""$136\\mathrm{dB}$""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""$68\\mathrm{dB}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,electricity_magnetism,forces_on_charges,,In the Millikan oil-drop experiment the UPWARD force on a stationary oil drop is due to the:,"{""A"": ""gravitational and electric fields"", ""B"": ""gravitational field and the charge on the drop"", ""C"": ""electric field only"", ""D"": ""electric field and the charge on the drop"", ""E"": ""charge on the drop only""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""electric field and the charge on the drop""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,fluids,,A uniform wooden block is a rectangular prism with dimensions of $10\mathrm{cm}\times 6\mathrm{cm}\times 2\mathrm{cm}$ . The block will be placed on a level table in one of three possible orientations with a side parallel to the tabletop. Let $P_{\mathrm{L}}$ equal the largest possible pressure the block can exert on the table and $P_{\mathrm{S}}$ equal the smallest possible pressure the block can exert on the table. What is the ratio $P_{\mathrm{L}} / P_{\mathrm{S}}$ ?,"{""A"": ""5/3"", ""B"": ""3"", ""C"": ""5"", ""D"": ""9"", ""E"": ""25""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""5""}"
bowl,final,physics,circular_motion_gravitation,simple_harmonic_motion,,Two separate simple pendulums are swinging back and forth. It is found that pendulum A has twice the frequency of pendulum B. Which statement could account for this difference?,"{""A"": ""Pendulum B is twice as long as pendulum A.  "", ""B"": ""Pendulum B was released before pendulum A.  "", ""C"": ""Pendulum B is twice as massive as pendulum A.  "", ""D"": ""The length of pendulum B is four times the length of pendulum A.  "", ""E"": ""The mass of pendulum B is four times the mass of pendulum A.""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""Pendulum B is twice as long as pendulum A.  ""}"
bowl,final,physics,circular_motion_gravitation,orbital_motion,,A simple and correct way to comprehend satellites orbiting Earth is to view them as,"{""A"": ""balanced between gravitational and centripetal forces.  "", ""B"": ""beyond the main pull of Earth's gravity.  "", ""C"": ""in mechanical equilibrium with a net force of zero.  "", ""D"": ""having sufficient tangential velocities to fall around rather than into Earth.  "", ""E"": ""All of the above.  ""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""having sufficient tangential velocities to fall around rather than into Earth.  ""}"
bowl,final,physics,circular_motion_gravitation,uniform_circular_motion,,A fighter jet pilot is capable of tolerating an upward force that is equivalent to seven times their weight. This pilot is traveling at a speed of $250\mathrm{m / s}$ while pulling out of a vertical dive. What is the minimum radius of curvature of the plane's dive path?,"{""A"": ""$4.25\\mathrm{m}$"", ""B"": ""$3.64\\mathrm{m}$"", ""C"": ""$1042\\mathrm{m}$"", ""D"": ""$893\\mathrm{m}$"", ""E"": ""$450\\mathrm{m}$""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""$893\\mathrm{m}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,fluids,,The mass of Mars is $6.40\times 10^{23}\mathrm{kg}$ . Its radius is $3395\mathrm{km}$ . What is the mean density of Mars in $\mathrm{kg / m^3}$ ?,"{""A"": ""$9.76\\times 10^{2}$"", ""B"": ""$1.95\\times 10^{3}$"", ""C"": ""$3.90\\times 10^{3}$"", ""D"": ""$7.81\\times 10^{3}$"", ""E"": ""$7.94\\times 10^{4}$""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""$7.81\\times 10^{3}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,work_energy_power,,"In a panic, you squeeze the brake handle on your bicycle, lock up the rear wheel, and skid a certain distance on a straight, level path before stopping. If you had been traveling twice as fast, what distance would you have skidded, under the same conditions?","{""A"": ""You would have skidded 4 times farther.  "", ""B"": ""You would have skidded twice as far.  "", ""C"": ""You would have skidded 1.4 times farther.  "", ""D"": ""You would have skidded 8 times farther.  "", ""E"": ""It is impossible to tell from the information given.  ""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""You would have skidded 4 times farther.  ""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,kinematics,"Two balls, A and B, are launched simultaneously from the origin (O) on a level surface at the respective angles of $60^\circ$ and $30^\circ$ shown in the picture. Ball A has a launch speed $v$ while Ball B has a launch speed $2v$ . Ball A lands $T$ seconds after launch at a horizontal distance $D$ from the origin.  ",How many seconds after launch does Ball B land?,"{""A"": ""0.50T"", ""B"": ""0.87T"", ""C"": ""1.15T"", ""D"": ""1.73T"", ""E"": ""2.00T""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""1.15T""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,kinematics,"Two balls, A and B, are launched simultaneously from the origin (O) on a level surface at the respective angles of $60^\circ$ and $30^\circ$ shown in the picture. Ball A has a launch speed $v$ while Ball B has a launch speed $2v$ . Ball A lands $T$ seconds after launch at a horizontal distance $D$ from the origin.  ",What horizontal distance separates the landing points of Ball A and Ball B?,"{""A"": ""2D"", ""B"": ""3D"", ""C"": ""4D"", ""D"": ""5D"", ""E"": ""6D""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""5D""}"
bowl,final,physics,electricity_magnetism,circuits,,"You are given three 6-ohm resistors. Neglecting the resistance of any connecting wires, which of the following resistances CANNOT be made using one or more of these resistors?","{""A"": ""2 ohms"", ""B"": ""3 ohms"", ""C"": ""9 ohms"", ""D"": ""12 ohms"", ""E"": ""15 ohms""}","{""label"": ""E"", ""text"": ""15 ohms""}"
bowl,final,physics,modern_physics,nuclear_physics,,"Electric energy can be generated in many ways, two of which are with nuclear plants using nuclear fission reactions, or coal fired plants utilizing chemical reactions. Energy density for a fuel has units of Joules/kilogram. What is the approximate ratio of nuclear versus chemical energy density?","{""A"": ""1"", ""B"": ""$10^{3}$"", ""C"": ""$10^{6}$"", ""D"": ""$10^{9}$"", ""E"": ""$10^{12}$""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""$10^{6}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,kinematics,,You drop a rock off a bridge into the river below and hear the splash 2.5 s later. How far above the river is the bridge?,"{""A"": ""$25\\mathrm{m}$"", ""B"": ""$27\\mathrm{m}$"", ""C"": ""$29\\mathrm{m}$ (D) $31\\mathrm{m}$"", ""D"": ""$31\\mathrm{m}$"", ""E"": ""$33\\mathrm{m}$""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""$31\\mathrm{m}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,modern_physics,nuclear_physics,,Any nucleus that emits an alpha particle or beta particle,"{""A"": ""always becomes a nucleus of a different element"", ""B"": ""may become a nucleus of a different element"", ""C"": ""becomes a different isotope of the same element"", ""D"": ""increases its mass number"", ""E"": ""increases its mass""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""always becomes a nucleus of a different element""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,work_energy_power,,"A child, starting from rest at the top of a $3.00\mathrm{-m}$ tall slide, has a speed of 2.52 m/s at the bottom of the slide. What percent of the mechanical energy of the child-Earth system at the top of the slide remains when the child reaches the bottom of the slide?","{""A"": ""$8.4\\%$"", ""B"": ""$10.6\\%$"", ""C"": ""$32.5\\%$"", ""D"": ""$46.0\\%$"", ""E"": ""It cannot be determined without knowing the mass of the child.""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""$10.6\\%$""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,kinematics,,A projectile will be launched from a $2.00\mathrm{-m}$ tall platform and must hit a target at a horizontal distance of $25.0\mathrm{m}$ away on an identical $2.00\mathrm{-m}$ tall platform. What is the slowest speed at which the projectile can be launched?,"{""A"": ""$10.2\\mathrm{m / s}$"", ""B"": ""$12.5\\mathrm{m / s}$"", ""C"": ""$15.8\\mathrm{m / s}$"", ""D"": ""$17.7\\mathrm{m / s}$"", ""E"": ""$21.0\\mathrm{m / s}$""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""$12.5\\mathrm{m / s}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,rotational_motion,,"A motorcycle has a total mass of $150\mathrm{kg}$ . Each wheel has a mass of $10\mathrm{kg}$ and a radius of $30\mathrm{cm}$ . As the motorcycle is moving, what is the ratio of the rotational kinetic energy of the wheels to the total translational kinetic energy of the motorcycle? Assume the wheels are uniform disks and roll without slipping.","{""A"": ""0.033:1"", ""B"": ""0.067:1"", ""C"": ""0.33:1"", ""D"": ""0.67:1"", ""E"": ""3.3:1""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""0.067:1""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,work_energy_power,,"A spring loaded projectile launcher launches a plastic ball horizontally with a speed of $4.0\mathrm{m / s}$ . If the spring were compressed twice as far, the ball's launch speed would be","{""A"": ""$1.0\\mathrm{m / s}$"", ""B"": ""$2.0\\mathrm{m / s}$"", ""C"": ""$4.0\\mathrm{m / s}$"", ""D"": ""$8.0\\mathrm{m / s}$"", ""E"": ""$16\\mathrm{m / s}$""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""$8.0\\mathrm{m / s}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,electricity_magnetism,circuits,,"You are given three identical resistors, each of resistance $R$ . Each resistor can sustain a maximum power of $P$ . Two of the resistors are connected in series, and a third is connected in parallel with these two. What is the maximum power this network can sustain?","{""A"": ""$\\frac{2P}{3}$"", ""B"": ""$\\frac{3P}{2}$"", ""C"": ""$2P$"", ""D"": ""$3P$"", ""E"": ""$6P$""}","{""label"": ""B"", ""text"": ""$\\frac{3P}{2}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,mechanics,momentum_collisions,,"A man of mass $m$ , gets off a boat by leaping to the left in an exactly horizonal direction. Both the man and the boat were initially stationary. Immediately after the leap, the boat of mass $M$ , is observed to be moving to the right at speed $v$ . What is the increase of the kinetic energy in the man-boat system? (Neglect the resistive force of the water)","{""A"": ""$\\frac{1}{2} M v^{2}$"", ""B"": ""$\\frac{1}{2} m v^{2}$"", ""C"": ""$\\frac{1}{2} (M + m) v^{2}$"", ""D"": ""$\\frac{1}{2} (M + \\frac{M^{2}}{m}) v^{2}$"", ""E"": ""$\\frac{1}{2} \\frac{M m}{M + m} v^{2}$""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""$\\frac{1}{2} (M + \\frac{M^{2}}{m}) v^{2}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,thermal_physics,thermodynamics,,A monatomic ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion. Which of the following statements is true about the gas?,"{""A"": ""The final temperature of the gas is less than the initial temperature of the gas.  "", ""B"": ""Heat enters the gas from the surroundings during the process.  "", ""C"": ""The final pressure of the gas is greater than the initial pressure of the gas.  "", ""D"": ""Work is done on the gas from the surroundings during the process.  "", ""E"": ""The internal energy of the gas remains unchanged during the process.  ""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""The final temperature of the gas is less than the initial temperature of the gas.  ""}"
bowl,final,physics,thermal_physics,heat_transfer,,"What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective collection area of $15 \mathrm{m}^{2}$ ) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20^\circ \mathrm{C}$ ? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \mathrm{W} / \mathrm{m}^{2}$ , and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.","{""A"": ""$73^\\circ \\mathrm{C}$"", ""B"": ""$93^\\circ \\mathrm{C}$"", ""C"": ""$107^\\circ \\mathrm{C}$"", ""D"": ""$131^\\circ \\mathrm{C}$"", ""E"": ""$154^\\circ \\mathrm{C}$""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""$131^\\circ \\mathrm{C}$""}"
bowl,final,physics,modern_physics,nuclear_physics,,A P-type semiconductor is doped to produce one of the following. What will it produce:,"{""A"": ""both holes and electrons"", ""B"": ""positive electrons"", ""C"": ""negative electrons"", ""D"": ""holes"", ""E"": ""positive protons""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""holes""}"
bowl,final,physics,modern_physics,radioactivity,,"A radioactive sample of gas has a half-life of 100 seconds. If there are initially 10000 of these gas molecules in a closed container, approximately how many of the molecules remain after a time of 250 seconds elapses?","{""A"": ""2500"", ""B"": ""2190"", ""C"": ""1770"", ""D"": ""1560"", ""E"": ""1250""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""1770""}"
bowl,final,physics,thermal_physics,thermodynamics,,"An engine absorbs heat at a temperature of $727^\circ\mathrm{C}$ and exhausts heat at a temperature of $527^\circ\mathrm{C}$ . If the engine operates at maximum possible efficiency, for 2000 J of heat input, the amount of work the engine performs is most nearly","{""A"": ""400 J"", ""B"": ""1450 J"", ""C"": ""1600 J"", ""D"": ""2000 J"", ""E"": ""2760 J""}","{""label"": ""A"", ""text"": ""400 J""}"
bowl,final,physics,electromagnetic_induction,magnetic_flux,,"In an ideal LC circuit, what is the time difference between all of the energy in the circuit being stored in the inductor and all of the energy being stored in the capacitor?","{""A"": ""No time difference"", ""B"": ""One-eighth of a period of oscillation"", ""C"": ""One-quarter of a period of oscillation"", ""D"": ""One-half of a period of oscillation"", ""E"": ""After one full period of oscillation has passed""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""One-quarter of a period of oscillation""}"
bowl,final,physics,electricity_magnetism,forces_on_charges,,"Two identical metal spheres are hung from a common point by $30\mathrm{-cm}$ long, nonconducting threads of negligible mass. The spheres each have a mass of $0.20\mathrm{g}$ and are given identical charges. It is found that due to the electrostatic repulsion force, the angle between the threads is $20^\circ$ . How much charge was placed on each sphere?","{""A"": ""11 nC"", ""B"": ""16 nC"", ""C"": ""21 nC"", ""D"": ""26 nC"", ""E"": ""31 nC""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""21 nC""}"
bowl,final,physics,optics,geometric_optics,,"A collimated laser beam emerging from a commercial He-Ne laser has a diameter of 1.0 mm. Two convex lenses are used to convert this beam to a well-collimated beam with 10.0 mm diameter. The first lens has a focal length of 1.5 cm and is to be mounted at the output of the laser. What is the focal length, $f$ , of the second lens and how far from the first lens should it be placed?","{""A"": ""f (cm): 4.5; Distance (cm): 6"", ""B"": ""f (cm): 10; Distance (cm): 10"", ""C"": ""f (cm): 10; Distance (cm): 11.5"", ""D"": ""f (cm): 15; Distance (cm): 15"", ""E"": ""f (cm): 15; Distance (cm): 16.5""}","{""label"": ""D"", ""text"": ""15 15""}"
bowl,final,physics,modern_physics,particle_physics,,"A free electron (rest mass: $m_{e} = 0.5\frac{MeV}{c^{2}}$ ) has a total energy of 1.5 MeV. Its momentum, $p$ , in terms of $\frac{MeV}{c}$ is about","{""A"": ""0.86"", ""B"": ""1.0"", ""C"": ""1.4"", ""D"": ""1.5"", ""E"": ""2.0""}","{""label"": ""C"", ""text"": ""1.4""}"