Datasets:

Kubermatic
/

Benchmark-Questions

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 "Which of these features does Cilium provide?
 **Select all answers that apply.**
 - a. Network policy enforcement
@@ -8,231 +9,231 @@
 - a. Hubble
 - b. Hobble
-- c. Grafana", "Answer: a"
 "Which of these are characteristics of eBPF?
 - a. It allows dynamic changes to the kernel
 - b. It can be used to drop network packets that are forbidden by the network policy
-- c. It enables high-performance networking with security and observability built-in", "Answer: d"
 "What are the different tools for installing Cilium components into a Kubernetes cluster?
 **Select all that apply.**
 - a. Helm
 - b. The Cilium CLI
-- c. Curl", "Answer: a, b"
 "A Cilium agent runs on every node in a Kubernetes cluster.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
-- b. False", "Answer: a"
 "How many instances of the Hubble Relay run on each cluster?
 - a. One per node
 - b. One per pod
-- c. One per cluster", "Answer: c"
 "What is the Cilium CLI command for checking that connectivity and policy enforcement is working correctly?
 - a. kubectl connectivity test
 - b. cilium connectivity test
-- c. cilium policy test", "Answer: b"
 "Which network policy resource type does Cilium support?
 - a. Standard Kubernetes NetworkPolicy
 - b. CiliumNetworkPolicy
 - c. CiliumClusterNetworkPolicy
-- d. All of the above", "Answer: d"
 "It’s possible to export Layer 3 network policy using the networkpolicy.io’s visual policy editor as CiliumNetworkPolicy YAML files.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
-- b. False", "Answer: a"
 "Which of the following is a true statement?
 **Select all that apply.**
 - a. The CiliumNetworkPolicy resource supports service name-based egress policy for internal cluster communications
 - b. The standard Kubernetes NetworkPolicy resource supports L7 HTTP protocol rules limiting access to specific HTTP paths
-- c. The CiliumNetworkPolicy resource supports both TCP and ICMP egress policy", "Answer: a"
 "Hubble flows include packet dumps.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
-- b. False" , "Answer: b"
 "You can filter by packet verdict in the Hubble UI service map.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
-- b. False", "Answer: a"
 "Which of the following statements are **TRUE**?
 **Select all that apply.**
 - a. The Hubble Relay service provides cluster-wide network observability
 - b. It's not possible to filter flows by namespace using the Hubble CLI tool
 - c. Hubble flows include information about traffic direction
-- d. Hubble is optional and needs to be enabled when installing Cilium", "Answer: a, c, d"
 "After Istio is installed on a Kubernetes cluster, any workloads deployed to service mesh are automatically accompanied with sidecars.
 **True/False**
 a. True
-b. False", "Answer: b."
 "How is outbound traffic from a service routed to the sidecar?
 - a. Programmers must revise their code to specifically target the proxy at localhost:15000.
 - b. iptables rules within a Pod are applied to transparently effect this change.
-- c. Operators must use the istioctl rewire-pod command to transparently effect this change.", "Answer: b."
 "What identity framework does Istio base its application of workload identity?
 - a. Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)
 - b. Open ID Connect (OIDC)
 - c. Secure Production Identity Framework for Everyone (SPIFFE)
-- d. JSON Web Tokens (JWT)", "Answer: c."
 "The Istio framework offers the choice between manually configuring Envoy sidecars and letting the Istio control plane manage Envoy.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
-- b. False", "Answer: b."
 "The _demo_ configuration profile installs only the Istio control plane and the ingress gateway.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
-- b. False", "Answer: b."
 "Helm installation consists of the following Helm charts:
 - a. base, istiod, gateway
 - b. istiod, ingress-gateway, egress-gateway
 - c. istiod, gateways
-- d. base, control-plane, gateway", "Answer: a."
 "In which section of the IstioOperator resource can we configure Kubernetes resource limits and requests:
 - a. global
 - b. meshConfig
 - c. components
-- d. We cannot configure limits and requests.", "Answer: c."
 "Observability is a concept that is broader than traditional monitoring.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
-- b. False", "Answer: a."
 "What are the three main components of modern observability?
 - a. Graphs, charts, and metrics
 - b. Logs, metrics, and traces
-- c. Logs, Garbage collection, and Threads", "Answer: b."
 "With Istio, developers must expose their metrics to Prometheus directly from inside their applications.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
-- b. False", "Answer: b."
 "Envoy sidecars can initiate and propagate B3 trace headers without any assistance from the running applications.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
-- b. False", "Answer: b."
 "Istio, Prometheus, Grafana, Jaeger, and Kiali are all open source projects.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
-- b. False", "Answer: a."
 "The ingress and egress gateways in Istio are single instances of an Envoy proxy.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
-- b. False", "Answer: a."
 "In which resource can we configure outlier detection and load balancer settings?
 - a. VirtualService
 - b. DestinationRule
 - c. Gateway
-- d. ServiceEntry", "Answer: b."
 "The traffic can be matched on multiple properties and to match the values, we can only use regular expressions.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
-- b. False", "Answer: b."
 "When Envoy retries a failed request, the endpoint that caused the retry is no longer in the load balancing pool.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
-- b. False", "Answer: a."
 "Authorization is all about the principal.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
-- b. False", "Answer: b."
 "Which one of the following resources can we use to configure mTLS for inbound traffic?
 - a. PeerAuthentication
 - b. DestinationRule
 - c. VirtualService
-- d. AuthorizationPolicy", "Answer: a."
 "What do Kubernetes pods use as their identity during runtime?
 - a. Kubernetes secrets
 - b. Service accounts
 - c. JWT tokens
-- d. Bearer tokens", "Answer: b."
 "The clusters section in the Envoy configuration defines how the traffic is sent to the upstream service.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
-- b. False", "Answer: a."
 "Where in the Envoy configuration is the router filter defined?
 - a. Within the HTTP connection manager filter
 - b. Within the routes
 - c. Within the listener filter
-- d. Within the clusters", "Answer: a."
 "We can apply the Envoy configuration patch only at the namespace level.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
-- b. False", "Answer: b."
 "When using the **oci://** scheme in the WasmPlugin resource, the Istio agent downloads compiled Wasm plugins from an OCI-compliant registry.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
-- b. False", "Answer: a."
 "By default, Istio watches all workloads in all namespaces and updates sidecar proxy configuration whenever new workloads are added, removed, or updated.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
-- b. False", "Answer: a."
 "Which Istio resource can be used to provide the details about the namespace, labels, and service account to the VM workload?
 - a. WorkloadEntry
 - b. VirtualService
 - c. ServiceEntry
-- d. ServiceEntry", "Answer: a."
 "The primary cluster in the multi-cluster deployment scenario runs the control plane.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
-- b. False", "Answer: a."
 "What is the east-west gateway used for?
 - a. Service communication within a single Kubernetes cluster
 - b. Communication between Istio control plane and services within one cluster
 - c. Communication between workloads in the cluster and VMs
-- d. Communication between workloads in the cluster and VMs, VM sidecars, and Istio’s control plane", "Answer: d."
 "The process of deploying an Envoy proxy alongside each workload is called:
 - a. proxy bundling
 - b. sidecar injection
 - c. sidecar bundling
-- d. proxy injection", "Answer: d."

+Question, Answer
 "Which of these features does Cilium provide?
 **Select all answers that apply.**
 - a. Network policy enforcement
 - a. Hubble
 - b. Hobble
+- c. Grafana","Answer: a"
 "Which of these are characteristics of eBPF?
 - a. It allows dynamic changes to the kernel
 - b. It can be used to drop network packets that are forbidden by the network policy
+- c. It enables high-performance networking with security and observability built-in","Answer: d"
 "What are the different tools for installing Cilium components into a Kubernetes cluster?
 **Select all that apply.**
 - a. Helm
 - b. The Cilium CLI
+- c. Curl","Answer: a, b"
 "A Cilium agent runs on every node in a Kubernetes cluster.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
+- b. False","Answer: a"
 "How many instances of the Hubble Relay run on each cluster?
 - a. One per node
 - b. One per pod
+- c. One per cluster","Answer: c"
 "What is the Cilium CLI command for checking that connectivity and policy enforcement is working correctly?
 - a. kubectl connectivity test
 - b. cilium connectivity test
+- c. cilium policy test","Answer: b"
 "Which network policy resource type does Cilium support?
 - a. Standard Kubernetes NetworkPolicy
 - b. CiliumNetworkPolicy
 - c. CiliumClusterNetworkPolicy
+- d. All of the above","Answer: d"
 "It’s possible to export Layer 3 network policy using the networkpolicy.io’s visual policy editor as CiliumNetworkPolicy YAML files.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
+- b. False","Answer: a"
 "Which of the following is a true statement?
 **Select all that apply.**
 - a. The CiliumNetworkPolicy resource supports service name-based egress policy for internal cluster communications
 - b. The standard Kubernetes NetworkPolicy resource supports L7 HTTP protocol rules limiting access to specific HTTP paths
+- c. The CiliumNetworkPolicy resource supports both TCP and ICMP egress policy","Answer: a"
 "Hubble flows include packet dumps.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
+- b. False","Answer: b"
 "You can filter by packet verdict in the Hubble UI service map.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
+- b. False","Answer: a"
 "Which of the following statements are **TRUE**?
 **Select all that apply.**
 - a. The Hubble Relay service provides cluster-wide network observability
 - b. It's not possible to filter flows by namespace using the Hubble CLI tool
 - c. Hubble flows include information about traffic direction
+- d. Hubble is optional and needs to be enabled when installing Cilium","Answer: a, c, d"
 "After Istio is installed on a Kubernetes cluster, any workloads deployed to service mesh are automatically accompanied with sidecars.
 **True/False**
 a. True
+b. False","Answer: b."
 "How is outbound traffic from a service routed to the sidecar?
 - a. Programmers must revise their code to specifically target the proxy at localhost:15000.
 - b. iptables rules within a Pod are applied to transparently effect this change.
+- c. Operators must use the istioctl rewire-pod command to transparently effect this change.","Answer: b."
 "What identity framework does Istio base its application of workload identity?
 - a. Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)
 - b. Open ID Connect (OIDC)
 - c. Secure Production Identity Framework for Everyone (SPIFFE)
+- d. JSON Web Tokens (JWT)","Answer: c."
 "The Istio framework offers the choice between manually configuring Envoy sidecars and letting the Istio control plane manage Envoy.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
+- b. False","Answer: b."
 "The _demo_ configuration profile installs only the Istio control plane and the ingress gateway.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
+- b. False","Answer: b."
 "Helm installation consists of the following Helm charts:
 - a. base, istiod, gateway
 - b. istiod, ingress-gateway, egress-gateway
 - c. istiod, gateways
+- d. base, control-plane, gateway","Answer: a."
 "In which section of the IstioOperator resource can we configure Kubernetes resource limits and requests:
 - a. global
 - b. meshConfig
 - c. components
+- d. We cannot configure limits and requests.","Answer: c."
 "Observability is a concept that is broader than traditional monitoring.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
+- b. False","Answer: a."
 "What are the three main components of modern observability?
 - a. Graphs, charts, and metrics
 - b. Logs, metrics, and traces
+- c. Logs, Garbage collection, and Threads","Answer: b."
 "With Istio, developers must expose their metrics to Prometheus directly from inside their applications.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
+- b. False","Answer: b."
 "Envoy sidecars can initiate and propagate B3 trace headers without any assistance from the running applications.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
+- b. False","Answer: b."
 "Istio, Prometheus, Grafana, Jaeger, and Kiali are all open source projects.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
+- b. False","Answer: a."
 "The ingress and egress gateways in Istio are single instances of an Envoy proxy.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
+- b. False","Answer: a."
 "In which resource can we configure outlier detection and load balancer settings?
 - a. VirtualService
 - b. DestinationRule
 - c. Gateway
+- d. ServiceEntry","Answer: b."
 "The traffic can be matched on multiple properties and to match the values, we can only use regular expressions.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
+- b. False","Answer: b."
 "When Envoy retries a failed request, the endpoint that caused the retry is no longer in the load balancing pool.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
+- b. False","Answer: a."
 "Authorization is all about the principal.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
+- b. False","Answer: b."
 "Which one of the following resources can we use to configure mTLS for inbound traffic?
 - a. PeerAuthentication
 - b. DestinationRule
 - c. VirtualService
+- d. AuthorizationPolicy","Answer: a."
 "What do Kubernetes pods use as their identity during runtime?
 - a. Kubernetes secrets
 - b. Service accounts
 - c. JWT tokens
+- d. Bearer tokens","Answer: b."
 "The clusters section in the Envoy configuration defines how the traffic is sent to the upstream service.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
+- b. False","Answer: a."
 "Where in the Envoy configuration is the router filter defined?
 - a. Within the HTTP connection manager filter
 - b. Within the routes
 - c. Within the listener filter
+- d. Within the clusters","Answer: a."
 "We can apply the Envoy configuration patch only at the namespace level.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
+- b. False","Answer: b."
 "When using the **oci://** scheme in the WasmPlugin resource, the Istio agent downloads compiled Wasm plugins from an OCI-compliant registry.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
+- b. False","Answer: a."
 "By default, Istio watches all workloads in all namespaces and updates sidecar proxy configuration whenever new workloads are added, removed, or updated.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
+- b. False","Answer: a."
 "Which Istio resource can be used to provide the details about the namespace, labels, and service account to the VM workload?
 - a. WorkloadEntry
 - b. VirtualService
 - c. ServiceEntry
+- d. ServiceEntry","Answer: a."
 "The primary cluster in the multi-cluster deployment scenario runs the control plane.
 **True/False**
 - a. True
+- b. False","Answer: a."
 "What is the east-west gateway used for?
 - a. Service communication within a single Kubernetes cluster
 - b. Communication between Istio control plane and services within one cluster
 - c. Communication between workloads in the cluster and VMs
+- d. Communication between workloads in the cluster and VMs, VM sidecars, and Istio’s control plane","Answer: d."
 "The process of deploying an Envoy proxy alongside each workload is called:
 - a. proxy bundling
 - b. sidecar injection
 - c. sidecar bundling
+- d. proxy injection","Answer: d."