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questions.csv

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+"Which of these features does Cilium provide?
+**Select all answers that apply.**
+- a. Network policy enforcement
+- b. Visibility into traffic at L3/L4 and L7
+- c. Networking between Kubernetes pods
+- d. Kubernetes secrets management";"Answer: a, b, c"
+"What is the name of the Cilium component that provides visibility into network traffic?
+
+- a. Hubble
+- b. Hobble
+- c. Grafana"; "Answer: a"
+"Which of these are characteristics of eBPF?
+- a. It allows dynamic changes to the kernel
+- b. It can be used to drop network packets that are forbidden by the network policy
+- c. It enables high-performance networking with security and observability built-in"; "Answer: d"
+"What are the different tools for installing Cilium components into a Kubernetes cluster?
+**Select all that apply.**
+
+- a. Helm
+- b. The Cilium CLI
+- c. Curl"; "Answer: a, b"
+"A Cilium agent runs on every node in a Kubernetes cluster. 
+
+**True/False**
+
+- a. True
+- b. False"; "Answer: a"
+"How many instances of the Hubble Relay run on each cluster?
+
+- a. One per node
+- b. One per pod
+- c. One per cluster"; "Answer: c"
+"What is the Cilium CLI command for checking that connectivity and policy enforcement is working correctly?
+
+- a. kubectl connectivity test
+- b. cilium connectivity test
+- c. cilium policy test"; "Answer: b"
+"Which network policy resource type does Cilium support?
+
+- a. Standard Kubernetes NetworkPolicy
+- b. CiliumNetworkPolicy
+- c. CiliumClusterNetworkPolicy
+- d. All of the above"; "Answer: d"
+"It’s possible to export Layer 3 network policy using the networkpolicy.io’s visual policy editor as CiliumNetworkPolicy YAML files. 
+
+**True/False**
+
+- a. True
+- b. False"; "Answer: a"
+"Which of the following is a true statement? 
+**Select all that apply.**
+
+- a. The CiliumNetworkPolicy resource supports service name-based egress policy for internal cluster communications
+- b. The standard Kubernetes NetworkPolicy resource supports L7 HTTP protocol rules limiting access to specific HTTP paths
+- c. The CiliumNetworkPolicy resource supports both TCP and ICMP egress policy"; "Answer: a"
+"Hubble flows include packet dumps. 
+**True/False**
+
+- a. True
+- b. False" ; "Answer: b"
+"You can filter by packet verdict in the Hubble UI service map. 
+**True/False**
+
+- a. True
+- b. False"; "Answer: a"
+"Which of the following statements are **TRUE**? 
+**Select all that apply.**
+
+- a. The Hubble Relay service provides cluster-wide network observability
+- b. It's not possible to filter flows by namespace using the Hubble CLI tool
+- c. Hubble flows include information about traffic direction
+- d. Hubble is optional and needs to be enabled when installing Cilium"; "Answer: a, c, d"
+"After Istio is installed on a Kubernetes cluster, any workloads deployed to service mesh are automatically accompanied with sidecars.
+
+**True/False**
+a. True
+b. False"; "Answer: b."
+"How is outbound traffic from a service routed to the sidecar?
+
+- a. Programmers must revise their code to specifically target the proxy at localhost:15000.
+- b. iptables rules within a Pod are applied to transparently effect this change.
+- c. Operators must use the istioctl rewire-pod command to transparently effect this change."; "Answer: b."
+"What identity framework does Istio base its application of workload identity?
+
+- a. Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)
+- b. Open ID Connect (OIDC)
+- c. Secure Production Identity Framework for Everyone (SPIFFE)
+- d. JSON Web Tokens (JWT)"; "Answer: c."
+"The Istio framework offers the choice between manually configuring Envoy sidecars and letting the Istio control plane manage Envoy.
+
+**True/False**
+
+- a. True
+- b. False"; "Answer: b."
+"The _demo_ configuration profile installs only the Istio control plane and the ingress gateway.
+
+**True/False**
+
+- a. True
+- b. False"; "Answer: b."
+"Helm installation consists of the following Helm charts:
+
+- a. base, istiod, gateway
+- b. istiod, ingress-gateway, egress-gateway
+- c. istiod, gateways
+- d. base, control-plane, gateway"; "Answer: a."
+"In which section of the IstioOperator resource can we configure Kubernetes resource limits and requests:
+
+- a. global
+- b. meshConfig
+- c. components
+- d. We cannot configure limits and requests."; "Answer: c."
+"Observability is a concept that is broader than traditional monitoring.
+
+**True/False**
+
+- a. True
+- b. False"; "Answer: a."
+"What are the three main components of modern observability?
+
+- a. Graphs, charts, and metrics
+- b. Logs, metrics, and traces
+- c. Logs, Garbage collection, and Threads"; "Answer: b."
+"With Istio, developers must expose their metrics to Prometheus directly from inside their applications.
+
+**True/False**
+
+- a. True
+- b. False"; "Answer: b."
+"Envoy sidecars can initiate and propagate B3 trace headers without any assistance from the running applications. 
+
+**True/False**
+
+- a. True
+- b. False"; "Answer: b."
+"Istio, Prometheus, Grafana, Jaeger, and Kiali are all open source projects.
+
+**True/False**
+
+- a. True
+- b. False"; "Answer: a."
+"The ingress and egress gateways in Istio are single instances of an Envoy proxy. 
+
+**True/False**
+
+- a. True
+- b. False"; "Answer: a."
+"In which resource can we configure outlier detection and load balancer settings?
+
+- a. VirtualService
+- b. DestinationRule
+- c. Gateway
+- d. ServiceEntry"; "Answer: b."
+"The traffic can be matched on multiple properties and to match the values, we can only use regular expressions.
+
+**True/False**
+
+- a. True
+- b. False"; "Answer: b."
+"When Envoy retries a failed request, the endpoint that caused the retry is no longer in the load balancing pool. 
+
+**True/False**
+
+- a. True
+- b. False"; "Answer: a."
+"Authorization is all about the principal. 
+
+**True/False**
+
+- a. True
+- b. False"; "Answer: b."
+"Which one of the following resources can we use to configure mTLS for inbound traffic?
+
+- a. PeerAuthentication
+- b. DestinationRule
+- c. VirtualService
+- d. AuthorizationPolicy"; "Answer: a."
+"What do Kubernetes pods use as their identity during runtime?
+
+- a. Kubernetes secrets
+- b. Service accounts
+- c. JWT tokens
+- d. Bearer tokens"; "Answer: b."
+"The clusters section in the Envoy configuration defines how the traffic is sent to the upstream service. 
+
+**True/False**
+
+- a. True
+- b. False"; "Answer: a."
+"Where in the Envoy configuration is the router filter defined?
+
+- a. Within the HTTP connection manager filter
+- b. Within the routes
+- c. Within the listener filter
+- d. Within the clusters"; "Answer: a."
+"We can apply the Envoy configuration patch only at the namespace level. 
+
+**True/False**
+
+- a. True
+- b. False"; "Answer: b."
+"When using the **oci://** scheme in the WasmPlugin resource, the Istio agent downloads compiled Wasm plugins from an OCI-compliant registry.
+
+**True/False**
+
+- a. True
+- b. False"; "Answer: a."
+"By default, Istio watches all workloads in all namespaces and updates sidecar proxy configuration whenever new workloads are added, removed, or updated. 
+
+**True/False**
+
+- a. True
+- b. False"; "Answer: a."
+"Which Istio resource can be used to provide the details about the namespace, labels, and service account to the VM workload?
+
+- a. WorkloadEntry
+- b. VirtualService
+- c. ServiceEntry
+- d. ServiceEntry"; "Answer: a."
+"The primary cluster in the multi-cluster deployment scenario runs the control plane. 
+
+**True/False**
+
+- a. True
+- b. False"; "Answer: a."
+"What is the east-west gateway used for?
+
+- a. Service communication within a single Kubernetes cluster
+- b. Communication between Istio control plane and services within one cluster
+- c. Communication between workloads in the cluster and VMs
+- d. Communication between workloads in the cluster and VMs, VM sidecars, and Istio’s control plane"; "Answer: d."
+"The process of deploying an Envoy proxy alongside each workload is called:
+
+- a. proxy bundling
+- b. sidecar injection
+- c. sidecar bundling
+- d. proxy injection"; "Answer: d."
+