| {"id": "law_0001", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is civil law about?", "choices": null, "answer": "Civil law settles private disputes about property, family, and contracts, usually with compensation rather than punishment.", "steps": ["Civil law settles private disputes about property, family, and contracts, usually with compensation rather than punishment.", "So the answer stands: Civil law settles private disputes about property, family, and contracts, usually with compensation rather than punishment."], "text": "Answer: Civil law settles private disputes about property, family, and contracts, usually with compensation rather than punishment.\nSteps:\n1. Civil law settles private disputes about property, family, and contracts, usually with compensation rather than punishment.\n2. So the answer stands: Civil law settles private disputes about property, family, and contracts, usually with compensation rather than punishment."} | |
| {"id": "law_0002", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A child was born in 2005. From which year is it criminally responsible (age 15)?", "choices": {"A": "2020", "B": "2019", "C": "2021", "D": "2022"}, "answer": "Responsible from 2020.", "steps": ["Born 2005.", "Add 15: 2020.", "Select option A."], "text": "Answer: 2020\nSteps:\n1. Born 2005.\n2. Add 15: 2020.\n3. Select option A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0003", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What makes a contract valid?", "choices": null, "answer": "A valid contract needs offer, acceptance, and lawful purpose, and some deals also need written form.", "steps": ["A valid contract needs offer, acceptance, and lawful purpose, and some deals also need written form.", "So the answer stands: A valid contract needs offer, acceptance, and lawful purpose, and some deals also need written form."], "text": "Answer: A valid contract needs offer, acceptance, and lawful purpose, and some deals also need written form.\nSteps:\n1. A valid contract needs offer, acceptance, and lawful purpose, and some deals also need written form.\n2. So the answer stands: A valid contract needs offer, acceptance, and lawful purpose, and some deals also need written form."} | |
| {"id": "law_0004", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Sněmovna zvolená roku 2011 slouží 4 roky. Zjisti rok dalších voleb.", "choices": null, "answer": "Další volby: 2015.", "steps": ["Zvolena 2011.", "Přičti 4.", "2011 + 4 = 2015."], "text": "Answer: Další volby: 2015.\nSteps:\n1. Zvolena 2011.\n2. Přičti 4.\n3. 2011 + 4 = 2015."} | |
| {"id": "law_0005", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A parliament elected in 2015 serves 5 years. Find the term end year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Term ends: 2020.", "steps": ["Elected 2015.", "Add 5.", "2015 + 5 = 2020."], "text": "Answer: Term ends: 2020.\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2015.\n2. Add 5.\n3. 2015 + 5 = 2020."} | |
| {"id": "law_0006", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Medical costs are 22000 and lost wages 30000. Find total damages.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total damages: 52000.", "steps": ["Costs 22000.", "Wages 30000.", "22000 + 30000 = 52000."], "text": "Answer: Total damages: 52000.\nSteps:\n1. Costs 22000.\n2. Wages 30000.\n3. 22000 + 30000 = 52000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0007", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "O čem je občanské právo?", "choices": null, "answer": "Občanské právo řeší soukromé spory o majetek, rodinu a smlouvy, obvykle náhradou škody.", "steps": ["Občanské právo řeší soukromé spory o majetek, rodinu a smlouvy, obvykle náhradou škody.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Občanské právo řeší soukromé spory o majetek, rodinu a smlouvy, obvykle náhradou škody."], "text": "Answer: Občanské právo řeší soukromé spory o majetek, rodinu a smlouvy, obvykle náhradou škody.\nSteps:\n1. Občanské právo řeší soukromé spory o majetek, rodinu a smlouvy, obvykle náhradou škody.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Občanské právo řeší soukromé spory o majetek, rodinu a smlouvy, obvykle náhradou škody."} | |
| {"id": "law_0008", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A sentence of 12 months allows parole after half. After how many months?", "choices": {"A": "4", "B": "6", "C": "8", "D": "10"}, "answer": "After 6 months.", "steps": ["Total 12.", "Half: 6.", "Select option B."], "text": "Answer: 6\nSteps:\n1. Total 12.\n2. Half: 6.\n3. Select option B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0009", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why require written form?", "choices": null, "answer": "Written form proves what parties agreed, preventing memory disputes over price, deadlines, and duties.", "steps": ["Written form proves what parties agreed, preventing memory disputes over price, deadlines, and duties.", "So the answer stands: Written form proves what parties agreed, preventing memory disputes over price, deadlines, and duties."], "text": "Answer: Written form proves what parties agreed, preventing memory disputes over price, deadlines, and duties.\nSteps:\n1. Written form proves what parties agreed, preventing memory disputes over price, deadlines, and duties.\n2. So the answer stands: Written form proves what parties agreed, preventing memory disputes over price, deadlines, and duties."} | |
| {"id": "law_0010", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A chamber elected in 2011 serves 4 years. Find the next election year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Next election: 2015.", "steps": ["Elected 2011.", "Add 4.", "2011 + 4 = 2015."], "text": "Answer: Next election: 2015.\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2011.\n2. Add 4.\n3. 2011 + 4 = 2015."} | |
| {"id": "law_0011", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Parlament zvolený roku 2015 slouží 5 let. Zjisti konec období.", "choices": null, "answer": "Konec období: 2020.", "steps": ["Zvolen 2015.", "Přičti 5.", "2015 + 5 = 2020."], "text": "Answer: Konec období: 2020.\nSteps:\n1. Zvolen 2015.\n2. Přičti 5.\n3. 2015 + 5 = 2020."} | |
| {"id": "law_0012", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Medical costs are 20000 and lost wages 30000. What are total damages?", "choices": {"A": "50000", "B": "45000", "C": "55000", "D": "60000"}, "answer": "Total damages are 50000.", "steps": ["20000 + 30000.", "Total: 50000.", "Select option A."], "text": "Answer: 50000\nSteps:\n1. 20000 + 30000.\n2. Total: 50000.\n3. Select option A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0013", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "cs", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Nárok vznikl roku 2010 s tříletou promlčecí lhůtou. Kdy se promlčí?", "choices": {"A": "2013", "B": "2012", "C": "2014", "D": "2015"}, "answer": "Promlčí se roku 2013.", "steps": ["Začátek 2010.", "Přičti 3: 2013.", "Vyber možnost A."], "text": "Answer: 2013\nSteps:\n1. Začátek 2010.\n2. Přičti 3: 2013.\n3. Vyber možnost A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0014", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "An offence from 2015 has a 5-year limitation period. When does it expire?", "choices": {"A": "2019", "B": "2021", "C": "2020", "D": "2022"}, "answer": "It expires in 2020.", "steps": ["Start 2015.", "Add 5: 2020.", "Select option C."], "text": "Answer: 2020\nSteps:\n1. Start 2015.\n2. Add 5: 2020.\n3. Select option C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0015", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "Co činí smlouvu platnou?", "choices": null, "answer": "Platná smlouva potřebuje nabídku, přijetí a zákonný účel, někdy i písemnou formu.", "steps": ["Platná smlouva potřebuje nabídku, přijetí a zákonný účel, někdy i písemnou formu.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Platná smlouva potřebuje nabídku, přijetí a zákonný účel, někdy i písemnou formu."], "text": "Answer: Platná smlouva potřebuje nabídku, přijetí a zákonný účel, někdy i písemnou formu.\nSteps:\n1. Platná smlouva potřebuje nabídku, přijetí a zákonný účel, někdy i písemnou formu.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Platná smlouva potřebuje nabídku, přijetí a zákonný účel, někdy i písemnou formu."} | |
| {"id": "law_0016", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is a constitution?", "choices": null, "answer": "A constitution is the supreme law setting state powers, rights, and amendment rules that all other laws must respect.", "steps": ["A constitution is the supreme law setting state powers, rights, and amendment rules that all other laws must respect.", "So the answer stands: A constitution is the supreme law setting state powers, rights, and amendment rules that all other laws must respect."], "text": "Answer: A constitution is the supreme law setting state powers, rights, and amendment rules that all other laws must respect.\nSteps:\n1. A constitution is the supreme law setting state powers, rights, and amendment rules that all other laws must respect.\n2. So the answer stands: A constitution is the supreme law setting state powers, rights, and amendment rules that all other laws must respect."} | |
| {"id": "law_0017", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Návrh potřebuje 15 států a má 9. Zjisti chybějící státy.", "choices": null, "answer": "Chybí 6 států.", "steps": ["Třeba 15, má 9.", "15 − 9 = 6."], "text": "Answer: Chybí 6 států.\nSteps:\n1. Třeba 15, má 9.\n2. 15 − 9 = 6."} | |
| {"id": "law_0018", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "An award of 30000 is paid in 12 monthly parts. How large is one part?", "choices": {"A": "2250", "B": "2500", "C": "2750", "D": "3000"}, "answer": "One part is 2500.", "steps": ["30000 / 12.", "Part: 2500.", "Select option B."], "text": "Answer: 2500\nSteps:\n1. 30000 / 12.\n2. Part: 2500.\n3. Select option B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0019", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A claim arose in 2011 with a 3-year limitation period. Find the expiry year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Expiry year: 2014.", "steps": ["Start 2011.", "Add 3 years.", "2011 + 3 = 2014."], "text": "Answer: Expiry year: 2014.\nSteps:\n1. Start 2011.\n2. Add 3 years.\n3. 2011 + 3 = 2014."} | |
| {"id": "law_0020", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Dítě se narodilo roku 2006. Zjisti první rok trestní odpovědnosti (15 let).", "choices": null, "answer": "Odpovědnost od roku 2021.", "steps": ["Narozeno 2006.", "Přičti 15.", "2006 + 15 = 2021."], "text": "Answer: Odpovědnost od roku 2021.\nSteps:\n1. Narozeno 2006.\n2. Přičti 15.\n3. 2006 + 15 = 2021."} | |
| {"id": "law_0021", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "Proč vyžadovat písemnou formu?", "choices": null, "answer": "Písemná forma dokazuje ujednání a brání sporům o cenu, lhůty a povinnosti.", "steps": ["Písemná forma dokazuje ujednání a brání sporům o cenu, lhůty a povinnosti.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Písemná forma dokazuje ujednání a brání sporům o cenu, lhůty a povinnosti."], "text": "Answer: Písemná forma dokazuje ujednání a brání sporům o cenu, lhůty a povinnosti.\nSteps:\n1. Písemná forma dokazuje ujednání a brání sporům o cenu, lhůty a povinnosti.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Písemná forma dokazuje ujednání a brání sporům o cenu, lhůty a povinnosti."} | |
| {"id": "law_0022", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why separate powers?", "choices": null, "answer": "Separating legislature, executive, and courts prevents tyranny, because each branch checks the other two.", "steps": ["Separating legislature, executive, and courts prevents tyranny, because each branch checks the other two.", "So the answer stands: Separating legislature, executive, and courts prevents tyranny, because each branch checks the other two."], "text": "Answer: Separating legislature, executive, and courts prevents tyranny, because each branch checks the other two.\nSteps:\n1. Separating legislature, executive, and courts prevents tyranny, because each branch checks the other two.\n2. So the answer stands: Separating legislature, executive, and courts prevents tyranny, because each branch checks the other two."} | |
| {"id": "law_0023", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is the EU?", "choices": null, "answer": "The European Union is a union of 27 states sharing markets, laws, and courts while keeping national governments.", "steps": ["The European Union is a union of 27 states sharing markets, laws, and courts while keeping national governments.", "So the answer stands: The European Union is a union of 27 states sharing markets, laws, and courts while keeping national governments."], "text": "Answer: The European Union is a union of 27 states sharing markets, laws, and courts while keeping national governments.\nSteps:\n1. The European Union is a union of 27 states sharing markets, laws, and courts while keeping national governments.\n2. So the answer stands: The European Union is a union of 27 states sharing markets, laws, and courts while keeping national governments."} | |
| {"id": "law_0024", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "An award of 45000 is paid in 12 monthly parts. Find one monthly part.", "choices": null, "answer": "Monthly part: 3750.", "steps": ["Total 45000.", "Divide by 12.", "45000 / 12 = 3750."], "text": "Answer: Monthly part: 3750.\nSteps:\n1. Total 45000.\n2. Divide by 12.\n3. 45000 / 12 = 3750."} | |
| {"id": "law_0025", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "An estate of 300000 is split equally among 2 heirs. Find one share.", "choices": null, "answer": "One share: 150000.", "steps": ["Total 300000.", "Divide by 2.", "300000 / 2 = 150000."], "text": "Answer: One share: 150000.\nSteps:\n1. Total 300000.\n2. Divide by 2.\n3. 300000 / 2 = 150000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0026", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A child was born in 2006. Find the first year of criminal responsibility (age 15).", "choices": null, "answer": "Responsible from 2021.", "steps": ["Born 2006.", "Add 15.", "2006 + 15 = 2021."], "text": "Answer: Responsible from 2021.\nSteps:\n1. Born 2006.\n2. Add 15.\n3. 2006 + 15 = 2021."} | |
| {"id": "law_0027", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A price of 15000 carries 21% VAT. Find the total with tax.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total with tax: 18150.", "steps": ["Base 15000.", "Multiply by 1.21.", "15000 × 1.21 = 18150."], "text": "Answer: Total with tax: 18150.\nSteps:\n1. Base 15000.\n2. Multiply by 1.21.\n3. 15000 × 1.21 = 18150."} | |
| {"id": "law_0028", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A motion needs 101 of 200 votes and gets 94. Find the missing votes.", "choices": null, "answer": "Missing: 7 votes.", "steps": ["Need 101, got 94.", "101 − 94 = 7."], "text": "Answer: Missing: 7 votes.\nSteps:\n1. Need 101, got 94.\n2. 101 − 94 = 7."} | |
| {"id": "law_0029", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why share a market?", "choices": null, "answer": "The single market lets goods, workers, and money move freely, raising prosperity across member states.", "steps": ["The single market lets goods, workers, and money move freely, raising prosperity across member states.", "So the answer stands: The single market lets goods, workers, and money move freely, raising prosperity across member states."], "text": "Answer: The single market lets goods, workers, and money move freely, raising prosperity across member states.\nSteps:\n1. The single market lets goods, workers, and money move freely, raising prosperity across member states.\n2. So the answer stands: The single market lets goods, workers, and money move freely, raising prosperity across member states."} | |
| {"id": "law_0030", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is tort law?", "choices": null, "answer": "Tort law orders wrongdoers to compensate harm, covering injuries, damage, and losses from fault or risk.", "steps": ["Tort law orders wrongdoers to compensate harm, covering injuries, damage, and losses from fault or risk.", "So the answer stands: Tort law orders wrongdoers to compensate harm, covering injuries, damage, and losses from fault or risk."], "text": "Answer: Tort law orders wrongdoers to compensate harm, covering injuries, damage, and losses from fault or risk.\nSteps:\n1. Tort law orders wrongdoers to compensate harm, covering injuries, damage, and losses from fault or risk.\n2. So the answer stands: Tort law orders wrongdoers to compensate harm, covering injuries, damage, and losses from fault or risk."} | |
| {"id": "law_0031", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A dispute claims 10000 plus costs of 2000. Find the total sought.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total sought: 12000.", "steps": ["Claim 10000.", "Add costs 2000.", "10000 + 2000 = 12000."], "text": "Answer: Total sought: 12000.\nSteps:\n1. Claim 10000.\n2. Add costs 2000.\n3. 10000 + 2000 = 12000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0032", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is criminal law about?", "choices": null, "answer": "Criminal law punishes acts that harm society, with fines, bans, or prison imposed by courts after a fair trial.", "steps": ["Criminal law punishes acts that harm society, with fines, bans, or prison imposed by courts after a fair trial.", "So the answer stands: Criminal law punishes acts that harm society, with fines, bans, or prison imposed by courts after a fair trial."], "text": "Answer: Criminal law punishes acts that harm society, with fines, bans, or prison imposed by courts after a fair trial.\nSteps:\n1. Criminal law punishes acts that harm society, with fines, bans, or prison imposed by courts after a fair trial.\n2. So the answer stands: Criminal law punishes acts that harm society, with fines, bans, or prison imposed by courts after a fair trial."} | |
| {"id": "law_0033", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A price of 10000 carries 21% VAT. What is the total?", "choices": {"A": "12100", "B": "11600", "C": "12600", "D": "13100"}, "answer": "The total is 12100.", "steps": ["Base 10000.", "Times 1.21: 12100.", "Select option A."], "text": "Answer: 12100\nSteps:\n1. Base 10000.\n2. Times 1.21: 12100.\n3. Select option A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0034", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What are human rights?", "choices": null, "answer": "Human rights are basic freedoms like speech and fair trial that the state must respect and protect.", "steps": ["Human rights are basic freedoms like speech and fair trial that the state must respect and protect.", "So the answer stands: Human rights are basic freedoms like speech and fair trial that the state must respect and protect."], "text": "Answer: Human rights are basic freedoms like speech and fair trial that the state must respect and protect.\nSteps:\n1. Human rights are basic freedoms like speech and fair trial that the state must respect and protect.\n2. So the answer stands: Human rights are basic freedoms like speech and fair trial that the state must respect and protect."} | |
| {"id": "law_0035", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A proposal needs 15 states on board and has 9. Find the missing states.", "choices": null, "answer": "Missing: 6 states.", "steps": ["Need 15, have 9.", "15 − 9 = 6."], "text": "Answer: Missing: 6 states.\nSteps:\n1. Need 15, have 9.\n2. 15 − 9 = 6."} | |
| {"id": "law_0036", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Harm occurred in 2019 with a 3-year limitation period. Find the expiry year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Expiry year: 2022.", "steps": ["Start 2019.", "Add 3.", "2019 + 3 = 2022."], "text": "Answer: Expiry year: 2022.\nSteps:\n1. Start 2019.\n2. Add 3.\n3. 2019 + 3 = 2022."} | |
| {"id": "law_0037", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A claim arose in 2010 with a 3-year limitation period. When does it expire?", "choices": {"A": "2013", "B": "2012", "C": "2014", "D": "2015"}, "answer": "It expires in 2013.", "steps": ["Start 2010.", "Add 3: 2013.", "Select option A."], "text": "Answer: 2013\nSteps:\n1. Start 2010.\n2. Add 3: 2013.\n3. Select option A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0038", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A sentence of 12 months allows parole after half. Find the parole month.", "choices": null, "answer": "Parole after 6 months.", "steps": ["Total 12.", "Halve it.", "12 / 2 = 6."], "text": "Answer: Parole after 6 months.\nSteps:\n1. Total 12.\n2. Halve it.\n3. 12 / 2 = 6."} | |
| {"id": "law_0039", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Cena 15000 nese 21% DPH. Zjisti celkem s daní.", "choices": null, "answer": "Celkem s daní: 18150.", "steps": ["Základ 15000.", "Násob 1,21.", "15000 × 1,21 = 18150."], "text": "Answer: Celkem s daní: 18150.\nSteps:\n1. Základ 15000.\n2. Násob 1,21.\n3. 15000 × 1,21 = 18150."} | |
| {"id": "law_0040", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A chamber elected in 2010 serves 4 years. When is the next election?", "choices": {"A": "2014", "B": "2013", "C": "2015", "D": "2016"}, "answer": "The next election is in 2014.", "steps": ["Elected 2010.", "Add 4: 2014.", "Select option A."], "text": "Answer: 2014\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2010.\n2. Add 4: 2014.\n3. Select option A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0041", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is EU law?", "choices": null, "answer": "EU law binds member states directly or through national rules, and EU courts ensure it is applied evenly.", "steps": ["EU law binds member states directly or through national rules, and EU courts ensure it is applied evenly.", "So the answer stands: EU law binds member states directly or through national rules, and EU courts ensure it is applied evenly."], "text": "Answer: EU law binds member states directly or through national rules, and EU courts ensure it is applied evenly.\nSteps:\n1. EU law binds member states directly or through national rules, and EU courts ensure it is applied evenly.\n2. So the answer stands: EU law binds member states directly or through national rules, and EU courts ensure it is applied evenly."} | |
| {"id": "law_0042", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Harm occurred in 2018 with a 3-year limitation period. When does the claim expire?", "choices": {"A": "2020", "B": "2022", "C": "2021", "D": "2023"}, "answer": "It expires in 2021.", "steps": ["Start 2018.", "Add 3: 2021.", "Select option C."], "text": "Answer: 2021\nSteps:\n1. Start 2018.\n2. Add 3: 2021.\n3. Select option C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0043", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "An estate of 300000 is split equally among 2 heirs. What is one share?", "choices": {"A": "145000", "B": "150000", "C": "155000", "D": "160000"}, "answer": "One share is 150000.", "steps": ["Total 300000.", "Divide by 2: 150000.", "Select option B."], "text": "Answer: 150000\nSteps:\n1. Total 300000.\n2. Divide by 2: 150000.\n3. Select option B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0044", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A fine of 5000 is paid in 5 equal parts. Find one part.", "choices": null, "answer": "One part: 1000.", "steps": ["Total 5000.", "Divide by 5.", "5000 / 5 = 1000."], "text": "Answer: One part: 1000.\nSteps:\n1. Total 5000.\n2. Divide by 5.\n3. 5000 / 5 = 1000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0045", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A penalty of 100 per day runs for 6 days. Find the total penalty.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total penalty: 600.", "steps": ["100 per day.", "6 days.", "100 × 6 = 600."], "text": "Answer: Total penalty: 600.\nSteps:\n1. 100 per day.\n2. 6 days.\n3. 100 × 6 = 600."} | |
| {"id": "law_0046", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A senator elected in 2016 serves 6 years. Find the term end year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Term ends: 2022.", "steps": ["Elected 2016.", "Add 6.", "2016 + 6 = 2022."], "text": "Answer: Term ends: 2022.\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2016.\n2. Add 6.\n3. 2016 + 6 = 2022."} | |
| {"id": "law_0047", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A parliament elected in 2014 serves 5 years. When does the term end?", "choices": {"A": "2019", "B": "2018", "C": "2020", "D": "2021"}, "answer": "The term ends in 2019.", "steps": ["Elected 2014.", "Add 5: 2019.", "Select option A."], "text": "Answer: 2019\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2014.\n2. Add 5: 2019.\n3. Select option A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0048", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "cs", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Léčba stojí 20000 a ušlá mzda 30000. Jaká je celková náhrada?", "choices": {"A": "50000", "B": "45000", "C": "55000", "D": "60000"}, "answer": "Celková náhrada činí 50000.", "steps": ["20000 + 30000.", "Celkem: 50000.", "Vyber možnost A."], "text": "Answer: 50000\nSteps:\n1. 20000 + 30000.\n2. Celkem: 50000.\n3. Vyber možnost A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0049", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "Proč existují promlčecí lhůty?", "choices": null, "answer": "Promlčecí lhůty nutí uplatnit nároky včas, důkazy zůstávají čerstvé a spory končí.", "steps": ["Promlčecí lhůty nutí uplatnit nároky včas, důkazy zůstávají čerstvé a spory končí.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Promlčecí lhůty nutí uplatnit nároky včas, důkazy zůstávají čerstvé a spory končí."], "text": "Answer: Promlčecí lhůty nutí uplatnit nároky včas, důkazy zůstávají čerstvé a spory končí.\nSteps:\n1. Promlčecí lhůty nutí uplatnit nároky včas, důkazy zůstávají čerstvé a spory končí.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Promlčecí lhůty nutí uplatnit nároky včas, důkazy zůstávají čerstvé a spory končí."} | |
| {"id": "law_0050", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "cs", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Dítě se narodilo roku 2005. Od kterého roku je trestně odpovědné (15 let)?", "choices": {"A": "2020", "B": "2019", "C": "2021", "D": "2022"}, "answer": "Odpovědné od roku 2020.", "steps": ["Narozeno 2005.", "Přičti 15: 2020.", "Vyber možnost A."], "text": "Answer: 2020\nSteps:\n1. Narozeno 2005.\n2. Přičti 15: 2020.\n3. Vyber možnost A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0051", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is breach of contract?", "choices": null, "answer": "Breach means failing to perform as promised, and the victim can claim performance, repair, or damages.", "steps": ["Breach means failing to perform as promised, and the victim can claim performance, repair, or damages.", "So the answer stands: Breach means failing to perform as promised, and the victim can claim performance, repair, or damages."], "text": "Answer: Breach means failing to perform as promised, and the victim can claim performance, repair, or damages.\nSteps:\n1. Breach means failing to perform as promised, and the victim can claim performance, repair, or damages.\n2. So the answer stands: Breach means failing to perform as promised, and the victim can claim performance, repair, or damages."} | |
| {"id": "law_0052", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A motion needs 101 of 200 votes and gets 95. How many votes short?", "choices": {"A": "5", "B": "6", "C": "7", "D": "8"}, "answer": "It is 6 votes short.", "steps": ["Need 101, got 95.", "Short: 6.", "Select option B."], "text": "Answer: 6\nSteps:\n1. Need 101, got 95.\n2. Short: 6.\n3. Select option B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0053", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why have the euro?", "choices": null, "answer": "The euro removes exchange costs for 20 states, making trade and travel simpler across the eurozone.", "steps": ["The euro removes exchange costs for 20 states, making trade and travel simpler across the eurozone.", "So the answer stands: The euro removes exchange costs for 20 states, making trade and travel simpler across the eurozone."], "text": "Answer: The euro removes exchange costs for 20 states, making trade and travel simpler across the eurozone.\nSteps:\n1. The euro removes exchange costs for 20 states, making trade and travel simpler across the eurozone.\n2. So the answer stands: The euro removes exchange costs for 20 states, making trade and travel simpler across the eurozone."} | |
| {"id": "law_0054", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: what must victims show?", "choices": {"A": "Wealth and fame", "B": "Anger and pride", "C": "Luck and hope", "D": "Harm and fault link"}, "answer": "The answer is Harm and fault link.", "steps": ["Courts award proven loss.", "So: Harm and fault link.", "Select option D."], "text": "Answer: Harm and fault link\nSteps:\n1. Courts award proven loss.\n2. So: Harm and fault link.\n3. Select option D.\nAnswer: (D)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0055", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why do limitation periods exist?", "choices": null, "answer": "Limitation periods force claims to be filed in time, so evidence stays fresh and old disputes finally end.", "steps": ["Limitation periods force claims to be filed in time, so evidence stays fresh and old disputes finally end.", "So the answer stands: Limitation periods force claims to be filed in time, so evidence stays fresh and old disputes finally end."], "text": "Answer: Limitation periods force claims to be filed in time, so evidence stays fresh and old disputes finally end.\nSteps:\n1. Limitation periods force claims to be filed in time, so evidence stays fresh and old disputes finally end.\n2. So the answer stands: Limitation periods force claims to be filed in time, so evidence stays fresh and old disputes finally end."} | |
| {"id": "law_0056", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why presume innocence?", "choices": null, "answer": "Everyone is presumed innocent until proven guilty, so the state must prove guilt and doubts favor the accused.", "steps": ["Everyone is presumed innocent until proven guilty, so the state must prove guilt and doubts favor the accused.", "So the answer stands: Everyone is presumed innocent until proven guilty, so the state must prove guilt and doubts favor the accused."], "text": "Answer: Everyone is presumed innocent until proven guilty, so the state must prove guilt and doubts favor the accused.\nSteps:\n1. Everyone is presumed innocent until proven guilty, so the state must prove guilt and doubts favor the accused.\n2. So the answer stands: Everyone is presumed innocent until proven guilty, so the state must prove guilt and doubts favor the accused."} | |
| {"id": "law_0057", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Delivery is due 7 days after day 1. Find the deadline day.", "choices": null, "answer": "Deadline: day 8.", "steps": ["Start day 1.", "Add 7.", "1 + 7 = 8."], "text": "Answer: Deadline: day 8.\nSteps:\n1. Start day 1.\n2. Add 7.\n3. 1 + 7 = 8."} | |
| {"id": "law_0058", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A president inaugurated in 2000 serves 5 years. When does the term end?", "choices": {"A": "2004", "B": "2006", "C": "2005", "D": "2007"}, "answer": "The term ends in 2005.", "steps": ["Start 2000.", "Add 5: 2005.", "Select option C."], "text": "Answer: 2005\nSteps:\n1. Start 2000.\n2. Add 5: 2005.\n3. Select option C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0059", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Each of 27 states sends 1 minister to 1 sessions. Find the total seats filled.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total seats: 27.", "steps": ["27 per session.", "1 sessions.", "27 × 1 = 27."], "text": "Answer: Total seats: 27.\nSteps:\n1. 27 per session.\n2. 1 sessions.\n3. 27 × 1 = 27."} | |
| {"id": "law_0060", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Medical costs are 27000 and lost wages 30000. Find total damages.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total damages: 57000.", "steps": ["Costs 27000.", "Wages 30000.", "27000 + 30000 = 57000."], "text": "Answer: Total damages: 57000.\nSteps:\n1. Costs 27000.\n2. Wages 30000.\n3. 27000 + 30000 = 57000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0061", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A claim arose in 2012 with a 3-year limitation period. Find the expiry year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Expiry year: 2015.", "steps": ["Start 2012.", "Add 3 years.", "2012 + 3 = 2015."], "text": "Answer: Expiry year: 2015.\nSteps:\n1. Start 2012.\n2. Add 3 years.\n3. 2012 + 3 = 2015."} | |
| {"id": "law_0062", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: who must prove guilt?", "choices": {"A": "The accused", "B": "The victim", "C": "The press", "D": "The state"}, "answer": "The answer is The state.", "steps": ["Doubts favor the accused.", "So: The state.", "Select option D."], "text": "Answer: The state\nSteps:\n1. Doubts favor the accused.\n2. So: The state.\n3. Select option D.\nAnswer: (D)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0063", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A penalty of 100 per day runs for 5 days. What is the total?", "choices": {"A": "400", "B": "500", "C": "600", "D": "700"}, "answer": "The total is 500.", "steps": ["100 × 5.", "Total: 500.", "Select option B."], "text": "Answer: 500\nSteps:\n1. 100 × 5.\n2. Total: 500.\n3. Select option B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0064", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Návrh potřebuje 101 ze 200 hlasů a získal 94. Zjisti chybějící hlasy.", "choices": null, "answer": "Chybí 7 hlasů.", "steps": ["Třeba 101, získáno 94.", "101 − 94 = 7."], "text": "Answer: Chybí 7 hlasů.\nSteps:\n1. Třeba 101, získáno 94.\n2. 101 − 94 = 7."} | |
| {"id": "law_0065", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A proposal needs 15 states on board and has 10. How many more are needed?", "choices": {"A": "4", "B": "5", "C": "6", "D": "7"}, "answer": "5 more states are needed.", "steps": ["Need 15, have 10.", "Missing: 5.", "Select option B."], "text": "Answer: 5\nSteps:\n1. Need 15, have 10.\n2. Missing: 5.\n3. Select option B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0066", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: what cuts awards for shared blame?", "choices": {"A": "Contributory fault", "B": "Bad weather", "C": "Old age", "D": "Heavy traffic"}, "answer": "The answer is Contributory fault.", "steps": ["Shares split fairly.", "So: Contributory fault.", "Select option A."], "text": "Answer: Contributory fault\nSteps:\n1. Shares split fairly.\n2. So: Contributory fault.\n3. Select option A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0067", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A child was born in 2000. In which year does it turn 18?", "choices": {"A": "2017", "B": "2019", "C": "2018", "D": "2020"}, "answer": "It turns 18 in 2018.", "steps": ["Born 2000.", "Add 18: 2018.", "Select option C."], "text": "Answer: 2018\nSteps:\n1. Born 2000.\n2. Add 18: 2018.\n3. Select option C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0068", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "cs", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Trest 12 měsíců umožňuje podmínku po polovině. Po kolika měsících?", "choices": {"A": "4", "B": "6", "C": "8", "D": "10"}, "answer": "Po 6 měsících.", "steps": ["Celkem 12.", "Polovina: 6.", "Vyber možnost B."], "text": "Answer: 6\nSteps:\n1. Celkem 12.\n2. Polovina: 6.\n3. Vyber možnost B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0069", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A price of 20000 carries 21% VAT. Find the total with tax.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total with tax: 24200.", "steps": ["Base 20000.", "Multiply by 1.21.", "20000 × 1.21 = 24200."], "text": "Answer: Total with tax: 24200.\nSteps:\n1. Base 20000.\n2. Multiply by 1.21.\n3. 20000 × 1.21 = 24200."} | |
| {"id": "law_0070", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why hold elections?", "choices": null, "answer": "Elections let citizens choose rulers peacefully, and regular votes keep governments accountable to the people.", "steps": ["Elections let citizens choose rulers peacefully, and regular votes keep governments accountable to the people.", "So the answer stands: Elections let citizens choose rulers peacefully, and regular votes keep governments accountable to the people."], "text": "Answer: Elections let citizens choose rulers peacefully, and regular votes keep governments accountable to the people.\nSteps:\n1. Elections let citizens choose rulers peacefully, and regular votes keep governments accountable to the people.\n2. So the answer stands: Elections let citizens choose rulers peacefully, and regular votes keep governments accountable to the people."} | |
| {"id": "law_0071", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Each of 27 states sends 1 minister to 2 sessions. How many seats are filled?", "choices": {"A": "27", "B": "81", "C": "54", "D": "108"}, "answer": "54 seats are filled.", "steps": ["27 × 2.", "Total: 54.", "Select option C."], "text": "Answer: 54\nSteps:\n1. 27 × 2.\n2. Total: 54.\n3. Select option C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0072", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why prove fault?", "choices": null, "answer": "Fault links the wrongdoer to the harm, so only those who caused damage through breach must pay.", "steps": ["Fault links the wrongdoer to the harm, so only those who caused damage through breach must pay.", "So the answer stands: Fault links the wrongdoer to the harm, so only those who caused damage through breach must pay."], "text": "Answer: Fault links the wrongdoer to the harm, so only those who caused damage through breach must pay.\nSteps:\n1. Fault links the wrongdoer to the harm, so only those who caused damage through breach must pay.\n2. So the answer stands: Fault links the wrongdoer to the harm, so only those who caused damage through breach must pay."} | |
| {"id": "law_0073", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is legal capacity?", "choices": null, "answer": "Legal capacity means a person can hold rights and duties, and full capacity usually starts at adulthood, age 18.", "steps": ["Legal capacity means a person can hold rights and duties, and full capacity usually starts at adulthood, age 18.", "So the answer stands: Legal capacity means a person can hold rights and duties, and full capacity usually starts at adulthood, age 18."], "text": "Answer: Legal capacity means a person can hold rights and duties, and full capacity usually starts at adulthood, age 18.\nSteps:\n1. Legal capacity means a person can hold rights and duties, and full capacity usually starts at adulthood, age 18.\n2. So the answer stands: Legal capacity means a person can hold rights and duties, and full capacity usually starts at adulthood, age 18."} | |
| {"id": "law_0074", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is beyond reasonable doubt?", "choices": null, "answer": "Criminal guilt needs proof beyond reasonable doubt, the highest standard, because punishment is severe.", "steps": ["Criminal guilt needs proof beyond reasonable doubt, the highest standard, because punishment is severe.", "So the answer stands: Criminal guilt needs proof beyond reasonable doubt, the highest standard, because punishment is severe."], "text": "Answer: Criminal guilt needs proof beyond reasonable doubt, the highest standard, because punishment is severe.\nSteps:\n1. Criminal guilt needs proof beyond reasonable doubt, the highest standard, because punishment is severe.\n2. So the answer stands: Criminal guilt needs proof beyond reasonable doubt, the highest standard, because punishment is severe."} | |
| {"id": "law_0075", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A price of 20000 needs a 10% deposit. How much is the deposit?", "choices": {"A": "1000", "B": "3000", "C": "2000", "D": "4000"}, "answer": "The deposit is 2000.", "steps": ["10% of 20000.", "Deposit: 2000.", "Select option C."], "text": "Answer: 2000\nSteps:\n1. 10% of 20000.\n2. Deposit: 2000.\n3. Select option C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0076", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is the rule of law?", "choices": null, "answer": "The rule of law means everyone including officials follows public laws applied equally by independent courts.", "steps": ["The rule of law means everyone including officials follows public laws applied equally by independent courts.", "So the answer stands: The rule of law means everyone including officials follows public laws applied equally by independent courts."], "text": "Answer: The rule of law means everyone including officials follows public laws applied equally by independent courts.\nSteps:\n1. The rule of law means everyone including officials follows public laws applied equally by independent courts.\n2. So the answer stands: The rule of law means everyone including officials follows public laws applied equally by independent courts."} | |
| {"id": "law_0077", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: how many EU states?", "choices": {"A": "12", "B": "15", "C": "50", "D": "27"}, "answer": "The answer is 27.", "steps": ["Membership grew over decades.", "So: 27.", "Select option D."], "text": "Answer: 27\nSteps:\n1. Membership grew over decades.\n2. So: 27.\n3. Select option D.\nAnswer: (D)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0078", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Medical costs are 25000 and lost wages 30000. What are total damages?", "choices": {"A": "50000", "B": "55000", "C": "60000", "D": "65000"}, "answer": "Total damages are 55000.", "steps": ["25000 + 30000.", "Total: 55000.", "Select option B."], "text": "Answer: 55000\nSteps:\n1. 25000 + 30000.\n2. Total: 55000.\n3. Select option B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0079", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: what ends most civil disputes?", "choices": {"A": "Police arrest", "B": "Prison term", "C": "Firing squad", "D": "Settlement or judgment"}, "answer": "The answer is Settlement or judgment.", "steps": ["Money, not prison, resolves.", "So: Settlement or judgment.", "Select option D."], "text": "Answer: Settlement or judgment\nSteps:\n1. Money, not prison, resolves.\n2. So: Settlement or judgment.\n3. Select option D.\nAnswer: (D)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0080", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A child was born in 2007. Find the first year of criminal responsibility (age 15).", "choices": null, "answer": "Responsible from 2022.", "steps": ["Born 2007.", "Add 15.", "2007 + 15 = 2022."], "text": "Answer: Responsible from 2022.\nSteps:\n1. Born 2007.\n2. Add 15.\n3. 2007 + 15 = 2022."} | |
| {"id": "law_0081", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: what forms a contract?", "choices": {"A": "Handshake myth", "B": "Nod only", "C": "Wish alone", "D": "Offer plus acceptance"}, "answer": "The answer is Offer plus acceptance.", "steps": ["Lawful purpose required too.", "So: Offer plus acceptance.", "Select option D."], "text": "Answer: Offer plus acceptance\nSteps:\n1. Lawful purpose required too.\n2. So: Offer plus acceptance.\n3. Select option D.\nAnswer: (D)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0082", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A chamber elected in 2013 serves 4 years. Find the next election year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Next election: 2017.", "steps": ["Elected 2013.", "Add 4.", "2013 + 4 = 2017."], "text": "Answer: Next election: 2017.\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2013.\n2. Add 4.\n3. 2013 + 4 = 2017."} | |
| {"id": "law_0083", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: what controls personal data?", "choices": {"A": "GDPR", "B": "Polite requests", "C": "Hope alone", "D": "Coin toss"}, "answer": "The answer is GDPR.", "steps": ["Consent is mandatory.", "So: GDPR.", "Select option A."], "text": "Answer: GDPR\nSteps:\n1. Consent is mandatory.\n2. So: GDPR.\n3. Select option A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0084", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "An award of 60000 is paid in 12 monthly parts. Find one monthly part.", "choices": null, "answer": "Monthly part: 5000.", "steps": ["Total 60000.", "Divide by 12.", "60000 / 12 = 5000."], "text": "Answer: Monthly part: 5000.\nSteps:\n1. Total 60000.\n2. Divide by 12.\n3. 60000 / 12 = 5000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0085", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "Co je svéprávnost?", "choices": null, "answer": "Svéprávnost znamená mít práva a povinnosti, plná nastává obvykle zletilostí v 18 letech.", "steps": ["Svéprávnost znamená mít práva a povinnosti, plná nastává obvykle zletilostí v 18 letech.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Svéprávnost znamená mít práva a povinnosti, plná nastává obvykle zletilostí v 18 letech."], "text": "Answer: Svéprávnost znamená mít práva a povinnosti, plná nastává obvykle zletilostí v 18 letech.\nSteps:\n1. Svéprávnost znamená mít práva a povinnosti, plná nastává obvykle zletilostí v 18 letech.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Svéprávnost znamená mít práva a povinnosti, plná nastává obvykle zletilostí v 18 letech."} | |
| {"id": "law_0086", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A sentence of 18 months allows parole after half. Find the parole month.", "choices": null, "answer": "Parole after 9 months.", "steps": ["Total 18.", "Halve it.", "18 / 2 = 9."], "text": "Answer: Parole after 9 months.\nSteps:\n1. Total 18.\n2. Halve it.\n3. 18 / 2 = 9."} | |
| {"id": "law_0087", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why pay damages?", "choices": null, "answer": "Damages put the victim in the position promised by the contract, covering foreseeable losses from breach.", "steps": ["Damages put the victim in the position promised by the contract, covering foreseeable losses from breach.", "So the answer stands: Damages put the victim in the position promised by the contract, covering foreseeable losses from breach."], "text": "Answer: Damages put the victim in the position promised by the contract, covering foreseeable losses from breach.\nSteps:\n1. Damages put the victim in the position promised by the contract, covering foreseeable losses from breach.\n2. So the answer stands: Damages put the victim in the position promised by the contract, covering foreseeable losses from breach."} | |
| {"id": "law_0088", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A motion needs 101 of 200 votes and gets 95. Find the missing votes.", "choices": null, "answer": "Missing: 6 votes.", "steps": ["Need 101, got 95.", "101 − 95 = 6."], "text": "Answer: Missing: 6 votes.\nSteps:\n1. Need 101, got 95.\n2. 101 − 95 = 6."} | |
| {"id": "law_0089", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A parliament elected in 2015 serves 5 years. When does the term end?", "choices": {"A": "2019", "B": "2020", "C": "2021", "D": "2022"}, "answer": "The term ends in 2020.", "steps": ["Elected 2015.", "Add 5: 2020.", "Select option B."], "text": "Answer: 2020\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2015.\n2. Add 5: 2020.\n3. Select option B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0090", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What are damages?", "choices": null, "answer": "Damages are money restoring the victim's position, covering medical bills, repairs, and lost income.", "steps": ["Damages are money restoring the victim's position, covering medical bills, repairs, and lost income.", "So the answer stands: Damages are money restoring the victim's position, covering medical bills, repairs, and lost income."], "text": "Answer: Damages are money restoring the victim's position, covering medical bills, repairs, and lost income.\nSteps:\n1. Damages are money restoring the victim's position, covering medical bills, repairs, and lost income.\n2. So the answer stands: Damages are money restoring the victim's position, covering medical bills, repairs, and lost income."} | |
| {"id": "law_0091", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why do courts prefer settlements?", "choices": null, "answer": "Settlements end disputes faster and cheaper than trials, and judges approve them to clear crowded dockets.", "steps": ["Settlements end disputes faster and cheaper than trials, and judges approve them to clear crowded dockets.", "So the answer stands: Settlements end disputes faster and cheaper than trials, and judges approve them to clear crowded dockets."], "text": "Answer: Settlements end disputes faster and cheaper than trials, and judges approve them to clear crowded dockets.\nSteps:\n1. Settlements end disputes faster and cheaper than trials, and judges approve them to clear crowded dockets.\n2. So the answer stands: Settlements end disputes faster and cheaper than trials, and judges approve them to clear crowded dockets."} | |
| {"id": "law_0092", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: what does parole require?", "choices": {"A": "Good conduct, supervision", "B": "Bribe paid", "C": "Fame gained", "D": "Luck drawn"}, "answer": "The answer is Good conduct, supervision.", "steps": ["Breach returns to prison.", "So: Good conduct, supervision.", "Select option A."], "text": "Answer: Good conduct, supervision\nSteps:\n1. Breach returns to prison.\n2. So: Good conduct, supervision.\n3. Select option A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0093", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is a penalty clause?", "choices": null, "answer": "A penalty clause fixes an agreed sum for breach, but courts can cut penalties that are grossly unfair.", "steps": ["A penalty clause fixes an agreed sum for breach, but courts can cut penalties that are grossly unfair.", "So the answer stands: A penalty clause fixes an agreed sum for breach, but courts can cut penalties that are grossly unfair."], "text": "Answer: A penalty clause fixes an agreed sum for breach, but courts can cut penalties that are grossly unfair.\nSteps:\n1. A penalty clause fixes an agreed sum for breach, but courts can cut penalties that are grossly unfair.\n2. So the answer stands: A penalty clause fixes an agreed sum for breach, but courts can cut penalties that are grossly unfair."} | |
| {"id": "law_0094", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: what is supreme law?", "choices": {"A": "Custom", "B": "Decree", "C": "Tweet", "D": "Constitution"}, "answer": "The answer is Constitution.", "steps": ["All laws must respect it.", "So: Constitution.", "Select option D."], "text": "Answer: Constitution\nSteps:\n1. All laws must respect it.\n2. So: Constitution.\n3. Select option D.\nAnswer: (D)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0095", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A parliament elected in 2016 serves 5 years. Find the term end year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Term ends: 2021.", "steps": ["Elected 2016.", "Add 5.", "2016 + 5 = 2021."], "text": "Answer: Term ends: 2021.\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2016.\n2. Add 5.\n3. 2016 + 5 = 2021."} | |
| {"id": "law_0096", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why cap pain compensation?", "choices": null, "answer": "Pain awards follow tariffs so similar suffering gets similar sums and awards stay predictable.", "steps": ["Pain awards follow tariffs so similar suffering gets similar sums and awards stay predictable.", "So the answer stands: Pain awards follow tariffs so similar suffering gets similar sums and awards stay predictable."], "text": "Answer: Pain awards follow tariffs so similar suffering gets similar sums and awards stay predictable.\nSteps:\n1. Pain awards follow tariffs so similar suffering gets similar sums and awards stay predictable.\n2. So the answer stands: Pain awards follow tariffs so similar suffering gets similar sums and awards stay predictable."} | |
| {"id": "law_0097", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: what does mediation offer?", "choices": {"A": "Guided agreement", "B": "Binding verdict", "C": "Prison term", "D": "Public shaming"}, "answer": "The answer is Guided agreement.", "steps": ["Parties decide themselves.", "So: Guided agreement.", "Select option A."], "text": "Answer: Guided agreement\nSteps:\n1. Parties decide themselves.\n2. So: Guided agreement.\n3. Select option A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0098", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A fine of 6000 is paid in 5 equal parts. Find one part.", "choices": null, "answer": "One part: 1200.", "steps": ["Total 6000.", "Divide by 5.", "6000 / 5 = 1200."], "text": "Answer: One part: 1200.\nSteps:\n1. Total 6000.\n2. Divide by 5.\n3. 6000 / 5 = 1200."} | |
| {"id": "law_0099", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A penalty of 100 per day runs for 7 days. Find the total penalty.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total penalty: 700.", "steps": ["100 per day.", "7 days.", "100 × 7 = 700."], "text": "Answer: Total penalty: 700.\nSteps:\n1. 100 per day.\n2. 7 days.\n3. 100 × 7 = 700."} | |
| {"id": "law_0100", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "cs", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Sněmovna zvolená roku 2010 slouží 4 roky. Kdy jsou další volby?", "choices": {"A": "2014", "B": "2013", "C": "2015", "D": "2016"}, "answer": "Další volby jsou roku 2014.", "steps": ["Zvolena 2010.", "Přičti 4: 2014.", "Vyber možnost A."], "text": "Answer: 2014\nSteps:\n1. Zvolena 2010.\n2. Přičti 4: 2014.\n3. Vyber možnost A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0101", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "cs", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Parlament zvolený roku 2014 slouží 5 let. Kdy období končí?", "choices": {"A": "2019", "B": "2018", "C": "2020", "D": "2021"}, "answer": "Období končí roku 2019.", "steps": ["Zvolen 2014.", "Přičti 5: 2019.", "Vyber možnost A."], "text": "Answer: 2019\nSteps:\n1. Zvolen 2014.\n2. Přičti 5: 2019.\n3. Vyber možnost A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0102", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "An award of 45000 is paid in 12 monthly parts. How large is one part?", "choices": {"A": "3500", "B": "4000", "C": "3750", "D": "4250"}, "answer": "One part is 3750.", "steps": ["45000 / 12.", "Part: 3750.", "Select option C."], "text": "Answer: 3750\nSteps:\n1. 45000 / 12.\n2. Part: 3750.\n3. Select option C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0103", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "An estate of 600000 is split equally among 3 heirs. Find one share.", "choices": null, "answer": "One share: 200000.", "steps": ["Total 600000.", "Divide by 3.", "600000 / 3 = 200000."], "text": "Answer: One share: 200000.\nSteps:\n1. Total 600000.\n2. Divide by 3.\n3. 600000 / 3 = 200000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0104", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A child was born in 2008. Find the first year of criminal responsibility (age 15).", "choices": null, "answer": "Responsible from 2023.", "steps": ["Born 2008.", "Add 15.", "2008 + 15 = 2023."], "text": "Answer: Responsible from 2023.\nSteps:\n1. Born 2008.\n2. Add 15.\n3. 2008 + 15 = 2023."} | |
| {"id": "law_0105", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Delivery is due 8 days after day 1. Find the deadline day.", "choices": null, "answer": "Deadline: day 9.", "steps": ["Start day 1.", "Add 8.", "1 + 8 = 9."], "text": "Answer: Deadline: day 9.\nSteps:\n1. Start day 1.\n2. Add 8.\n3. 1 + 8 = 9."} | |
| {"id": "law_0106", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why have a president?", "choices": null, "answer": "A president represents the state and signs laws, while day-to-day rule usually stays with the government.", "steps": ["A president represents the state and signs laws, while day-to-day rule usually stays with the government.", "So the answer stands: A president represents the state and signs laws, while day-to-day rule usually stays with the government."], "text": "Answer: A president represents the state and signs laws, while day-to-day rule usually stays with the government.\nSteps:\n1. A president represents the state and signs laws, while day-to-day rule usually stays with the government.\n2. So the answer stands: A president represents the state and signs laws, while day-to-day rule usually stays with the government."} | |
| {"id": "law_0107", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is the Commission?", "choices": null, "answer": "The Commission proposes EU laws and enforces treaties, with one commissioner nominated per member state.", "steps": ["The Commission proposes EU laws and enforces treaties, with one commissioner nominated per member state.", "So the answer stands: The Commission proposes EU laws and enforces treaties, with one commissioner nominated per member state."], "text": "Answer: The Commission proposes EU laws and enforces treaties, with one commissioner nominated per member state.\nSteps:\n1. The Commission proposes EU laws and enforces treaties, with one commissioner nominated per member state.\n2. So the answer stands: The Commission proposes EU laws and enforces treaties, with one commissioner nominated per member state."} | |
| {"id": "law_0108", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Léčba stojí 22000 a ušlá mzda 30000. Zjisti celkovou náhradu.", "choices": null, "answer": "Celková náhrada: 52000.", "steps": ["Léčba 22000.", "Mzda 30000.", "22000 + 30000 = 52000."], "text": "Answer: Celková náhrada: 52000.\nSteps:\n1. Léčba 22000.\n2. Mzda 30000.\n3. 22000 + 30000 = 52000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0109", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A dispute claims 12000 plus costs of 2000. Find the total sought.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total sought: 14000.", "steps": ["Claim 12000.", "Add costs 2000.", "12000 + 2000 = 14000."], "text": "Answer: Total sought: 14000.\nSteps:\n1. Claim 12000.\n2. Add costs 2000.\n3. 12000 + 2000 = 14000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0110", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why do sentences vary?", "choices": null, "answer": "Judges weigh harm, motive, and record, so similar crimes get different sentences fitted to each case.", "steps": ["Judges weigh harm, motive, and record, so similar crimes get different sentences fitted to each case.", "So the answer stands: Judges weigh harm, motive, and record, so similar crimes get different sentences fitted to each case."], "text": "Answer: Judges weigh harm, motive, and record, so similar crimes get different sentences fitted to each case.\nSteps:\n1. Judges weigh harm, motive, and record, so similar crimes get different sentences fitted to each case.\n2. So the answer stands: Judges weigh harm, motive, and record, so similar crimes get different sentences fitted to each case."} | |
| {"id": "law_0111", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why allow withdrawal?", "choices": null, "answer": "Withdrawal rights let parties exit within set time or after serious breach, restoring what was exchanged.", "steps": ["Withdrawal rights let parties exit within set time or after serious breach, restoring what was exchanged.", "So the answer stands: Withdrawal rights let parties exit within set time or after serious breach, restoring what was exchanged."], "text": "Answer: Withdrawal rights let parties exit within set time or after serious breach, restoring what was exchanged.\nSteps:\n1. Withdrawal rights let parties exit within set time or after serious breach, restoring what was exchanged.\n2. So the answer stands: Withdrawal rights let parties exit within set time or after serious breach, restoring what was exchanged."} | |
| {"id": "law_0112", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A senator elected in 2018 serves 6 years. Find the term end year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Term ends: 2024.", "steps": ["Elected 2018.", "Add 6.", "2018 + 6 = 2024."], "text": "Answer: Term ends: 2024.\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2018.\n2. Add 6.\n3. 2018 + 6 = 2024."} | |
| {"id": "law_0113", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "Co je EU?", "choices": null, "answer": "Evropská unie je společenství 27 států sdílejících trh, právo a soudy.", "steps": ["Evropská unie je společenství 27 států sdílejících trh, právo a soudy.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Evropská unie je společenství 27 států sdílejících trh, právo a soudy."], "text": "Answer: Evropská unie je společenství 27 států sdílejících trh, právo a soudy.\nSteps:\n1. Evropská unie je společenství 27 států sdílejících trh, právo a soudy.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Evropská unie je společenství 27 států sdílejících trh, právo a soudy."} | |
| {"id": "law_0114", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Harm occurred in 2019 with a 3-year limitation period. When does the claim expire?", "choices": {"A": "2021", "B": "2023", "C": "2024", "D": "2022"}, "answer": "It expires in 2022.", "steps": ["Start 2019.", "Add 3: 2022.", "Select option D."], "text": "Answer: 2022\nSteps:\n1. Start 2019.\n2. Add 3: 2022.\n3. Select option D.\nAnswer: (D)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0115", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Nárok vznikl roku 2011 s tříletou lhůtou. Zjisti rok promlčení.", "choices": null, "answer": "Rok promlčení: 2014.", "steps": ["Začátek 2011.", "Přičti 3 roky.", "2011 + 3 = 2014."], "text": "Answer: Rok promlčení: 2014.\nSteps:\n1. Začátek 2011.\n2. Přičti 3 roky.\n3. 2011 + 3 = 2014."} | |
| {"id": "law_0116", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A child was born in 2006. From which year is it criminally responsible (age 15)?", "choices": {"A": "2020", "B": "2021", "C": "2022", "D": "2023"}, "answer": "Responsible from 2021.", "steps": ["Born 2006.", "Add 15: 2021.", "Select option B."], "text": "Answer: 2021\nSteps:\n1. Born 2006.\n2. Add 15: 2021.\n3. Select option B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0117", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: what ends a lease?", "choices": {"A": "Notice, expiry, deal", "B": "Loud music", "C": "New paint", "D": "Cold winter"}, "answer": "The answer is Notice, expiry, deal.", "steps": ["Periods protect both sides.", "So: Notice, expiry, deal.", "Select option A."], "text": "Answer: Notice, expiry, deal\nSteps:\n1. Periods protect both sides.\n2. So: Notice, expiry, deal.\n3. Select option A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0118", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: what limits emergencies?", "choices": {"A": "Time limits", "B": "Cost caps", "C": "Seat belts", "D": "Dress codes"}, "answer": "The answer is Time limits.", "steps": ["Crises can't excuse tyranny.", "So: Time limits.", "Select option A."], "text": "Answer: Time limits\nSteps:\n1. Crises can't excuse tyranny.\n2. So: Time limits.\n3. Select option A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0119", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Každý z 27 států vysílá 1 ministra na 1 zasedání. Zjisti celkový počet míst.", "choices": null, "answer": "Celkem míst: 27.", "steps": ["27 na zasedání.", "1 zasedání.", "27 × 1 = 27."], "text": "Answer: Celkem míst: 27.\nSteps:\n1. 27 na zasedání.\n2. 1 zasedání.\n3. 27 × 1 = 27."} | |
| {"id": "law_0120", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Harm occurred in 2020 with a 3-year limitation period. Find the expiry year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Expiry year: 2023.", "steps": ["Start 2020.", "Add 3.", "2020 + 3 = 2023."], "text": "Answer: Expiry year: 2023.\nSteps:\n1. Start 2020.\n2. Add 3.\n3. 2020 + 3 = 2023."} | |
| {"id": "law_0121", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A claim arose in 2013 with a 3-year limitation period. Find the expiry year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Expiry year: 2016.", "steps": ["Start 2013.", "Add 3 years.", "2013 + 3 = 2016."], "text": "Answer: Expiry year: 2016.\nSteps:\n1. Start 2013.\n2. Add 3 years.\n3. 2013 + 3 = 2016."} | |
| {"id": "law_0122", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is theft?", "choices": null, "answer": "Theft is taking another's property to keep it, and punishment grows with the value stolen and repeat offending.", "steps": ["Theft is taking another's property to keep it, and punishment grows with the value stolen and repeat offending.", "So the answer stands: Theft is taking another's property to keep it, and punishment grows with the value stolen and repeat offending."], "text": "Answer: Theft is taking another's property to keep it, and punishment grows with the value stolen and repeat offending.\nSteps:\n1. Theft is taking another's property to keep it, and punishment grows with the value stolen and repeat offending.\n2. So the answer stands: Theft is taking another's property to keep it, and punishment grows with the value stolen and repeat offending."} | |
| {"id": "law_0123", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A price of 25000 carries 21% VAT. Find the total with tax.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total with tax: 30250.", "steps": ["Base 25000.", "Multiply by 1.21.", "25000 × 1.21 = 30250."], "text": "Answer: Total with tax: 30250.\nSteps:\n1. Base 25000.\n2. Multiply by 1.21.\n3. 25000 × 1.21 = 30250."} | |
| {"id": "law_0124", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is parliament?", "choices": null, "answer": "Parliament makes laws and controls the government through votes, questions, and budget approval.", "steps": ["Parliament makes laws and controls the government through votes, questions, and budget approval.", "So the answer stands: Parliament makes laws and controls the government through votes, questions, and budget approval."], "text": "Answer: Parliament makes laws and controls the government through votes, questions, and budget approval.\nSteps:\n1. Parliament makes laws and controls the government through votes, questions, and budget approval.\n2. So the answer stands: Parliament makes laws and controls the government through votes, questions, and budget approval."} | |
| {"id": "law_0125", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A proposal needs 15 states on board and has 10. Find the missing states.", "choices": null, "answer": "Missing: 5 states.", "steps": ["Need 15, have 10.", "15 − 10 = 5."], "text": "Answer: Missing: 5 states.\nSteps:\n1. Need 15, have 10.\n2. 15 − 10 = 5."} | |
| {"id": "law_0126", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Medical costs are 32000 and lost wages 30000. Find total damages.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total damages: 62000.", "steps": ["Costs 32000.", "Wages 30000.", "32000 + 30000 = 62000."], "text": "Answer: Total damages: 62000.\nSteps:\n1. Costs 32000.\n2. Wages 30000.\n3. 32000 + 30000 = 62000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0127", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is ownership?", "choices": null, "answer": "Ownership is the fullest right over a thing, letting the owner use, sell, or destroy it within legal limits.", "steps": ["Ownership is the fullest right over a thing, letting the owner use, sell, or destroy it within legal limits.", "So the answer stands: Ownership is the fullest right over a thing, letting the owner use, sell, or destroy it within legal limits."], "text": "Answer: Ownership is the fullest right over a thing, letting the owner use, sell, or destroy it within legal limits.\nSteps:\n1. Ownership is the fullest right over a thing, letting the owner use, sell, or destroy it within legal limits.\n2. So the answer stands: Ownership is the fullest right over a thing, letting the owner use, sell, or destroy it within legal limits."} | |
| {"id": "law_0128", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A sentence of 18 months allows parole after half. After how many months?", "choices": {"A": "7", "B": "11", "C": "9", "D": "13"}, "answer": "After 9 months.", "steps": ["Total 18.", "Half: 9.", "Select option C."], "text": "Answer: 9\nSteps:\n1. Total 18.\n2. Half: 9.\n3. Select option C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0129", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is a deposit?", "choices": null, "answer": "A deposit is money paid upfront to secure a deal, and it usually counts toward the final price.", "steps": ["A deposit is money paid upfront to secure a deal, and it usually counts toward the final price.", "So the answer stands: A deposit is money paid upfront to secure a deal, and it usually counts toward the final price."], "text": "Answer: A deposit is money paid upfront to secure a deal, and it usually counts toward the final price.\nSteps:\n1. A deposit is money paid upfront to secure a deal, and it usually counts toward the final price.\n2. So the answer stands: A deposit is money paid upfront to secure a deal, and it usually counts toward the final price."} | |
| {"id": "law_0130", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why need majorities?", "choices": null, "answer": "Majority rules let decisions pass with broad support, while supermajorities protect constitutions from hasty change.", "steps": ["Majority rules let decisions pass with broad support, while supermajorities protect constitutions from hasty change.", "So the answer stands: Majority rules let decisions pass with broad support, while supermajorities protect constitutions from hasty change."], "text": "Answer: Majority rules let decisions pass with broad support, while supermajorities protect constitutions from hasty change.\nSteps:\n1. Majority rules let decisions pass with broad support, while supermajorities protect constitutions from hasty change.\n2. So the answer stands: Majority rules let decisions pass with broad support, while supermajorities protect constitutions from hasty change."} | |
| {"id": "law_0131", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Each of 27 states sends 1 minister to 2 sessions. Find the total seats filled.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total seats: 54.", "steps": ["27 per session.", "2 sessions.", "27 × 2 = 54."], "text": "Answer: Total seats: 54.\nSteps:\n1. 27 per session.\n2. 2 sessions.\n3. 27 × 2 = 54."} | |
| {"id": "law_0132", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is negligence?", "choices": null, "answer": "Negligence is failing the care a reasonable person would take, and it is the most common tort basis.", "steps": ["Negligence is failing the care a reasonable person would take, and it is the most common tort basis.", "So the answer stands: Negligence is failing the care a reasonable person would take, and it is the most common tort basis."], "text": "Answer: Negligence is failing the care a reasonable person would take, and it is the most common tort basis.\nSteps:\n1. Negligence is failing the care a reasonable person would take, and it is the most common tort basis.\n2. So the answer stands: Negligence is failing the care a reasonable person would take, and it is the most common tort basis."} | |
| {"id": "law_0133", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "cs", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Dědictví 300000 se dělí rovně mezi 2 dědice. Kolik činí jeden podíl?", "choices": {"A": "145000", "B": "150000", "C": "155000", "D": "160000"}, "answer": "Jeden podíl činí 150000.", "steps": ["Celkem 300000.", "Děl 2: 150000.", "Vyber možnost B."], "text": "Answer: 150000\nSteps:\n1. Celkem 300000.\n2. Děl 2: 150000.\n3. Vyber možnost B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0134", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A sentence of 24 months allows parole after half. Find the parole month.", "choices": null, "answer": "Parole after 12 months.", "steps": ["Total 24.", "Halve it.", "24 / 2 = 12."], "text": "Answer: Parole after 12 months.\nSteps:\n1. Total 24.\n2. Halve it.\n3. 24 / 2 = 12."} | |
| {"id": "law_0135", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A price of 15000 carries 21% VAT. What is the total?", "choices": {"A": "17650", "B": "18150", "C": "18650", "D": "19150"}, "answer": "The total is 18150.", "steps": ["Base 15000.", "Times 1.21: 18150.", "Select option B."], "text": "Answer: 18150\nSteps:\n1. Base 15000.\n2. Times 1.21: 18150.\n3. Select option B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0136", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A chamber elected in 2012 serves 4 years. When is the next election?", "choices": {"A": "2015", "B": "2016", "C": "2017", "D": "2018"}, "answer": "The next election is in 2016.", "steps": ["Elected 2012.", "Add 4: 2016.", "Select option B."], "text": "Answer: 2016\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2012.\n2. Add 4: 2016.\n3. Select option B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0137", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A proposal needs 15 states on board and has 11. How many more are needed?", "choices": {"A": "3", "B": "5", "C": "4", "D": "6"}, "answer": "4 more states are needed.", "steps": ["Need 15, have 11.", "Missing: 4.", "Select option C."], "text": "Answer: 4\nSteps:\n1. Need 15, have 11.\n2. Missing: 4.\n3. Select option C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0138", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "An award of 75000 is paid in 12 monthly parts. Find one monthly part.", "choices": null, "answer": "Monthly part: 6250.", "steps": ["Total 75000.", "Divide by 12.", "75000 / 12 = 6250."], "text": "Answer: Monthly part: 6250.\nSteps:\n1. Total 75000.\n2. Divide by 12.\n3. 75000 / 12 = 6250."} | |
| {"id": "law_0139", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why register property?", "choices": null, "answer": "Land registers prove who owns real estate, so buyers can trust titles and banks can safely lend mortgages.", "steps": ["Land registers prove who owns real estate, so buyers can trust titles and banks can safely lend mortgages.", "So the answer stands: Land registers prove who owns real estate, so buyers can trust titles and banks can safely lend mortgages."], "text": "Answer: Land registers prove who owns real estate, so buyers can trust titles and banks can safely lend mortgages.\nSteps:\n1. Land registers prove who owns real estate, so buyers can trust titles and banks can safely lend mortgages.\n2. So the answer stands: Land registers prove who owns real estate, so buyers can trust titles and banks can safely lend mortgages."} | |
| {"id": "law_0140", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "O čem je trestní právo?", "choices": null, "answer": "Trestní právo trestá činy škodlivé společnosti pokutami, zákazy či vězením po spravedlivém procesu.", "steps": ["Trestní právo trestá činy škodlivé společnosti pokutami, zákazy či vězením po spravedlivém procesu.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Trestní právo trestá činy škodlivé společnosti pokutami, zákazy či vězením po spravedlivém procesu."], "text": "Answer: Trestní právo trestá činy škodlivé společnosti pokutami, zákazy či vězením po spravedlivém procesu.\nSteps:\n1. Trestní právo trestá činy škodlivé společnosti pokutami, zákazy či vězením po spravedlivém procesu.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Trestní právo trestá činy škodlivé společnosti pokutami, zákazy či vězením po spravedlivém procesu."} | |
| {"id": "law_0141", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Pokuta 100 denně běží 6 dní. Zjisti celkovou pokutu.", "choices": null, "answer": "Celková pokuta: 600.", "steps": ["100 denně.", "6 dní.", "100 × 6 = 600."], "text": "Answer: Celková pokuta: 600.\nSteps:\n1. 100 denně.\n2. 6 dní.\n3. 100 × 6 = 600."} | |
| {"id": "law_0142", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "cs", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Návrh potřebuje 101 ze 200 hlasů a získal 95. Kolik hlasů chybí?", "choices": {"A": "5", "B": "6", "C": "7", "D": "8"}, "answer": "Chybí 6 hlasů.", "steps": ["Třeba 101, získáno 95.", "Chybí: 6.", "Vyber možnost B."], "text": "Answer: 6\nSteps:\n1. Třeba 101, získáno 95.\n2. Chybí: 6.\n3. Vyber možnost B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0143", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A parliament elected in 2017 serves 5 years. Find the term end year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Term ends: 2022.", "steps": ["Elected 2017.", "Add 5.", "2017 + 5 = 2022."], "text": "Answer: Term ends: 2022.\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2017.\n2. Add 5.\n3. 2017 + 5 = 2022."} | |
| {"id": "law_0144", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Náhrada 45000 se platí ve 12 měsíčních splátkách. Zjisti jednu splátku.", "choices": null, "answer": "Měsíční splátka: 3750.", "steps": ["Celkem 45000.", "Děl 12.", "45000 / 12 = 3750."], "text": "Answer: Měsíční splátka: 3750.\nSteps:\n1. Celkem 45000.\n2. Děl 12.\n3. 45000 / 12 = 3750."} | |
| {"id": "law_0145", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "An estate of 900000 is split equally among 4 heirs. Find one share.", "choices": null, "answer": "One share: 225000.", "steps": ["Total 900000.", "Divide by 4.", "900000 / 4 = 225000."], "text": "Answer: One share: 225000.\nSteps:\n1. Total 900000.\n2. Divide by 4.\n3. 900000 / 4 = 225000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0146", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why punish attempts?", "choices": null, "answer": "Attempted crimes are punished because the intent and danger are real, though sentences stay below completed crimes.", "steps": ["Attempted crimes are punished because the intent and danger are real, though sentences stay below completed crimes.", "So the answer stands: Attempted crimes are punished because the intent and danger are real, though sentences stay below completed crimes."], "text": "Answer: Attempted crimes are punished because the intent and danger are real, though sentences stay below completed crimes.\nSteps:\n1. Attempted crimes are punished because the intent and danger are real, though sentences stay below completed crimes.\n2. So the answer stands: Attempted crimes are punished because the intent and danger are real, though sentences stay below completed crimes."} | |
| {"id": "law_0147", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why read terms and conditions?", "choices": null, "answer": "Standard terms bind once accepted, so reading them reveals fees, limits, and exit rights before signing.", "steps": ["Standard terms bind once accepted, so reading them reveals fees, limits, and exit rights before signing.", "So the answer stands: Standard terms bind once accepted, so reading them reveals fees, limits, and exit rights before signing."], "text": "Answer: Standard terms bind once accepted, so reading them reveals fees, limits, and exit rights before signing.\nSteps:\n1. Standard terms bind once accepted, so reading them reveals fees, limits, and exit rights before signing.\n2. So the answer stands: Standard terms bind once accepted, so reading them reveals fees, limits, and exit rights before signing."} | |
| {"id": "law_0148", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A chamber elected in 2015 serves 4 years. Find the next election year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Next election: 2019.", "steps": ["Elected 2015.", "Add 4.", "2015 + 4 = 2019."], "text": "Answer: Next election: 2019.\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2015.\n2. Add 4.\n3. 2015 + 4 = 2019."} | |
| {"id": "law_0149", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A proposal needs 15 states on board and has 11. Find the missing states.", "choices": null, "answer": "Missing: 4 states.", "steps": ["Need 15, have 11.", "15 − 11 = 4."], "text": "Answer: Missing: 4 states.\nSteps:\n1. Need 15, have 11.\n2. 15 − 11 = 4."} | |
| {"id": "law_0150", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Harm occurred in 2021 with a 3-year limitation period. Find the expiry year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Expiry year: 2024.", "steps": ["Start 2021.", "Add 3.", "2021 + 3 = 2024."], "text": "Answer: Expiry year: 2024.\nSteps:\n1. Start 2021.\n2. Add 3.\n3. 2021 + 3 = 2024."} | |
| {"id": "law_0151", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A dispute claims 14000 plus costs of 2000. Find the total sought.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total sought: 16000.", "steps": ["Claim 14000.", "Add costs 2000.", "14000 + 2000 = 16000."], "text": "Answer: Total sought: 16000.\nSteps:\n1. Claim 14000.\n2. Add costs 2000.\n3. 14000 + 2000 = 16000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0152", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "An offence from 2016 has a 5-year limitation period. When does it expire?", "choices": {"A": "2020", "B": "2022", "C": "2023", "D": "2021"}, "answer": "It expires in 2021.", "steps": ["Start 2016.", "Add 5: 2021.", "Select option D."], "text": "Answer: 2021\nSteps:\n1. Start 2016.\n2. Add 5: 2021.\n3. Select option D.\nAnswer: (D)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0153", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is consumer protection?", "choices": null, "answer": "Consumer protection gives buyers repair, replacement, or refund rights, because sellers hold more power.", "steps": ["Consumer protection gives buyers repair, replacement, or refund rights, because sellers hold more power.", "So the answer stands: Consumer protection gives buyers repair, replacement, or refund rights, because sellers hold more power."], "text": "Answer: Consumer protection gives buyers repair, replacement, or refund rights, because sellers hold more power.\nSteps:\n1. Consumer protection gives buyers repair, replacement, or refund rights, because sellers hold more power.\n2. So the answer stands: Consumer protection gives buyers repair, replacement, or refund rights, because sellers hold more power."} | |
| {"id": "law_0154", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A motion needs 101 of 200 votes and gets 96. Find the missing votes.", "choices": null, "answer": "Missing: 5 votes.", "steps": ["Need 101, got 96.", "101 − 96 = 5."], "text": "Answer: Missing: 5 votes.\nSteps:\n1. Need 101, got 96.\n2. 101 − 96 = 5."} | |
| {"id": "law_0155", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "Proč sdílet trh?", "choices": null, "answer": "Jednotný trh nechává volně proudit zboží, pracovníky a peníze.", "steps": ["Jednotný trh nechává volně proudit zboží, pracovníky a peníze.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Jednotný trh nechává volně proudit zboží, pracovníky a peníze."], "text": "Answer: Jednotný trh nechává volně proudit zboží, pracovníky a peníze.\nSteps:\n1. Jednotný trh nechává volně proudit zboží, pracovníky a peníze.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Jednotný trh nechává volně proudit zboží, pracovníky a peníze."} | |
| {"id": "law_0156", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Medical costs are 37000 and lost wages 30000. Find total damages.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total damages: 67000.", "steps": ["Costs 37000.", "Wages 30000.", "37000 + 30000 = 67000."], "text": "Answer: Total damages: 67000.\nSteps:\n1. Costs 37000.\n2. Wages 30000.\n3. 37000 + 30000 = 67000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0157", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is inheritance?", "choices": null, "answer": "Inheritance passes a dead person's property to heirs by will or by law, with close family usually first in line.", "steps": ["Inheritance passes a dead person's property to heirs by will or by law, with close family usually first in line.", "So the answer stands: Inheritance passes a dead person's property to heirs by will or by law, with close family usually first in line."], "text": "Answer: Inheritance passes a dead person's property to heirs by will or by law, with close family usually first in line.\nSteps:\n1. Inheritance passes a dead person's property to heirs by will or by law, with close family usually first in line.\n2. So the answer stands: Inheritance passes a dead person's property to heirs by will or by law, with close family usually first in line."} | |
| {"id": "law_0158", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is self-defence?", "choices": null, "answer": "Self-defence allows reasonable force against an ongoing attack, but revenge or excessive force stays criminal.", "steps": ["Self-defence allows reasonable force against an ongoing attack, but revenge or excessive force stays criminal.", "So the answer stands: Self-defence allows reasonable force against an ongoing attack, but revenge or excessive force stays criminal."], "text": "Answer: Self-defence allows reasonable force against an ongoing attack, but revenge or excessive force stays criminal.\nSteps:\n1. Self-defence allows reasonable force against an ongoing attack, but revenge or excessive force stays criminal.\n2. So the answer stands: Self-defence allows reasonable force against an ongoing attack, but revenge or excessive force stays criminal."} | |
| {"id": "law_0159", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why ban unfair terms?", "choices": null, "answer": "Unfair terms that grossly imbalance rights are void, so businesses must keep contracts reasonably fair.", "steps": ["Unfair terms that grossly imbalance rights are void, so businesses must keep contracts reasonably fair.", "So the answer stands: Unfair terms that grossly imbalance rights are void, so businesses must keep contracts reasonably fair."], "text": "Answer: Unfair terms that grossly imbalance rights are void, so businesses must keep contracts reasonably fair.\nSteps:\n1. Unfair terms that grossly imbalance rights are void, so businesses must keep contracts reasonably fair.\n2. So the answer stands: Unfair terms that grossly imbalance rights are void, so businesses must keep contracts reasonably fair."} | |
| {"id": "law_0160", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A motion needs 101 of 200 votes and gets 96. How many votes short?", "choices": {"A": "4", "B": "6", "C": "5", "D": "7"}, "answer": "It is 5 votes short.", "steps": ["Need 101, got 96.", "Short: 5.", "Select option C."], "text": "Answer: 5\nSteps:\n1. Need 101, got 96.\n2. Short: 5.\n3. Select option C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0161", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "Co je právo EU?", "choices": null, "answer": "Právo EU zavazuje státy přímo či přes národní pravidla a soudy dbají na jednotu.", "steps": ["Právo EU zavazuje státy přímo či přes národní pravidla a soudy dbají na jednotu.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Právo EU zavazuje státy přímo či přes národní pravidla a soudy dbají na jednotu."], "text": "Answer: Právo EU zavazuje státy přímo či přes národní pravidla a soudy dbají na jednotu.\nSteps:\n1. Právo EU zavazuje státy přímo či přes národní pravidla a soudy dbají na jednotu.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Právo EU zavazuje státy přímo či přes národní pravidla a soudy dbají na jednotu."} | |
| {"id": "law_0162", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "An award of 90000 is paid in 12 monthly parts. Find one monthly part.", "choices": null, "answer": "Monthly part: 7500.", "steps": ["Total 90000.", "Divide by 12.", "90000 / 12 = 7500."], "text": "Answer: Monthly part: 7500.\nSteps:\n1. Total 90000.\n2. Divide by 12.\n3. 90000 / 12 = 7500."} | |
| {"id": "law_0163", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A claim arose in 2011 with a 3-year limitation period. When does it expire?", "choices": {"A": "2013", "B": "2014", "C": "2015", "D": "2016"}, "answer": "It expires in 2014.", "steps": ["Start 2011.", "Add 3: 2014.", "Select option B."], "text": "Answer: 2014\nSteps:\n1. Start 2011.\n2. Add 3: 2014.\n3. Select option B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0164", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why protect juvenile offenders?", "choices": null, "answer": "Young offenders get education over prison because their character is still forming and reform chances are high.", "steps": ["Young offenders get education over prison because their character is still forming and reform chances are high.", "So the answer stands: Young offenders get education over prison because their character is still forming and reform chances are high."], "text": "Answer: Young offenders get education over prison because their character is still forming and reform chances are high.\nSteps:\n1. Young offenders get education over prison because their character is still forming and reform chances are high.\n2. So the answer stands: Young offenders get education over prison because their character is still forming and reform chances are high."} | |
| {"id": "law_0165", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A penalty of 100 per day runs for 6 days. What is the total?", "choices": {"A": "500", "B": "700", "C": "600", "D": "800"}, "answer": "The total is 600.", "steps": ["100 × 6.", "Total: 600.", "Select option C."], "text": "Answer: 600\nSteps:\n1. 100 × 6.\n2. Total: 600.\n3. Select option C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0166", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A president inaugurated in 2005 serves 5 years. When does the term end?", "choices": {"A": "2009", "B": "2011", "C": "2012", "D": "2010"}, "answer": "The term ends in 2010.", "steps": ["Start 2005.", "Add 5: 2010.", "Select option D."], "text": "Answer: 2010\nSteps:\n1. Start 2005.\n2. Add 5: 2010.\n3. Select option D.\nAnswer: (D)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0167", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Each of 27 states sends 1 minister to 3 sessions. Find the total seats filled.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total seats: 81.", "steps": ["27 per session.", "3 sessions.", "27 × 3 = 81."], "text": "Answer: Total seats: 81.\nSteps:\n1. 27 per session.\n2. 3 sessions.\n3. 27 × 3 = 81."} | |
| {"id": "law_0168", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why insure liability?", "choices": null, "answer": "Liability insurance pays victims even if the wrongdoer is broke, guaranteeing real compensation.", "steps": ["Liability insurance pays victims even if the wrongdoer is broke, guaranteeing real compensation.", "So the answer stands: Liability insurance pays victims even if the wrongdoer is broke, guaranteeing real compensation."], "text": "Answer: Liability insurance pays victims even if the wrongdoer is broke, guaranteeing real compensation.\nSteps:\n1. Liability insurance pays victims even if the wrongdoer is broke, guaranteeing real compensation.\n2. So the answer stands: Liability insurance pays victims even if the wrongdoer is broke, guaranteeing real compensation."} | |
| {"id": "law_0169", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why can wills be challenged?", "choices": null, "answer": "Wills can be challenged for forgery, pressure, or missing form, and courts then divide the estate by law instead.", "steps": ["Wills can be challenged for forgery, pressure, or missing form, and courts then divide the estate by law instead.", "So the answer stands: Wills can be challenged for forgery, pressure, or missing form, and courts then divide the estate by law instead."], "text": "Answer: Wills can be challenged for forgery, pressure, or missing form, and courts then divide the estate by law instead.\nSteps:\n1. Wills can be challenged for forgery, pressure, or missing form, and courts then divide the estate by law instead.\n2. So the answer stands: Wills can be challenged for forgery, pressure, or missing form, and courts then divide the estate by law instead."} | |
| {"id": "law_0170", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: what standard convicts?", "choices": {"A": "Beyond reasonable doubt", "B": "Rough guess", "C": "Majority vote", "D": "Gut feeling"}, "answer": "The answer is Beyond reasonable doubt.", "steps": ["Highest proof is required.", "So: Beyond reasonable doubt.", "Select option A."], "text": "Answer: Beyond reasonable doubt\nSteps:\n1. Highest proof is required.\n2. So: Beyond reasonable doubt.\n3. Select option A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0171", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Dodání je splatné 7 dnů po dni 1. Zjisti den splatnosti.", "choices": null, "answer": "Splatnost: den 8.", "steps": ["Začátek den 1.", "Přičti 7.", "1 + 7 = 8."], "text": "Answer: Splatnost: den 8.\nSteps:\n1. Začátek den 1.\n2. Přičti 7.\n3. 1 + 7 = 8."} | |
| {"id": "law_0172", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "Co je ústava?", "choices": null, "answer": "Ústava je nejvyšší zákon stanovící moc, práva a pravidla změn, jež musí ctít všechny zákony.", "steps": ["Ústava je nejvyšší zákon stanovící moc, práva a pravidla změn, jež musí ctít všechny zákony.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Ústava je nejvyšší zákon stanovící moc, práva a pravidla změn, jež musí ctít všechny zákony."], "text": "Answer: Ústava je nejvyšší zákon stanovící moc, práva a pravidla změn, jež musí ctít všechny zákony.\nSteps:\n1. Ústava je nejvyšší zákon stanovící moc, práva a pravidla změn, jež musí ctít všechny zákony.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Ústava je nejvyšší zákon stanovící moc, práva a pravidla změn, jež musí ctít všechny zákony."} | |
| {"id": "law_0173", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Parlament zvolený roku 2016 slouží 5 let. Zjisti konec období.", "choices": null, "answer": "Konec období: 2021.", "steps": ["Zvolen 2016.", "Přičti 5.", "2016 + 5 = 2021."], "text": "Answer: Konec období: 2021.\nSteps:\n1. Zvolen 2016.\n2. Přičti 5.\n3. 2016 + 5 = 2021."} | |
| {"id": "law_0174", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "O čem je právo náhrady škody?", "choices": null, "answer": "Deliktní právo ukládá škůdci nahradit újmu, kryje zranění, škody a ztráty.", "steps": ["Deliktní právo ukládá škůdci nahradit újmu, kryje zranění, škody a ztráty.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Deliktní právo ukládá škůdci nahradit újmu, kryje zranění, škody a ztráty."], "text": "Answer: Deliktní právo ukládá škůdci nahradit újmu, kryje zranění, škody a ztráty.\nSteps:\n1. Deliktní právo ukládá škůdci nahradit újmu, kryje zranění, škody a ztráty.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Deliktní právo ukládá škůdci nahradit újmu, kryje zranění, škody a ztráty."} | |
| {"id": "law_0175", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "Proč soudy preferují smíry?", "choices": null, "answer": "Smíry končí spory rychleji a levněji než procesy a soudy je schvalují.", "steps": ["Smíry končí spory rychleji a levněji než procesy a soudy je schvalují.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Smíry končí spory rychleji a levněji než procesy a soudy je schvalují."], "text": "Answer: Smíry končí spory rychleji a levněji než procesy a soudy je schvalují.\nSteps:\n1. Smíry končí spory rychleji a levněji než procesy a soudy je schvalují.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Smíry končí spory rychleji a levněji než procesy a soudy je schvalují."} | |
| {"id": "law_0176", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Trest 12 měsíců umožňuje podmínku po polovině. Zjisti měsíc podmínky.", "choices": null, "answer": "Podmínka po 6 měsících.", "steps": ["Celkem 12.", "Rozpůl.", "12 / 2 = 6."], "text": "Answer: Podmínka po 6 měsících.\nSteps:\n1. Celkem 12.\n2. Rozpůl.\n3. 12 / 2 = 6."} | |
| {"id": "law_0177", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "cs", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Cena 10000 nese 21% DPH. Kolik činí celkem?", "choices": {"A": "12100", "B": "11600", "C": "12600", "D": "13100"}, "answer": "Celkem činí 12100.", "steps": ["Základ 10000.", "Krát 1,21: 12100.", "Vyber možnost A."], "text": "Answer: 12100\nSteps:\n1. Základ 10000.\n2. Krát 1,21: 12100.\n3. Vyber možnost A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0178", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: why separate powers?", "choices": {"A": "Prevent tyranny", "B": "Create jobs", "C": "Slow mail", "D": "Fund parties"}, "answer": "The answer is Prevent tyranny.", "steps": ["Branches check each other.", "So: Prevent tyranny.", "Select option A."], "text": "Answer: Prevent tyranny\nSteps:\n1. Branches check each other.\n2. So: Prevent tyranny.\n3. Select option A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0179", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why elect MEPs?", "choices": null, "answer": "Citizens elect the European Parliament every five years, giving democratic voice to EU lawmaking.", "steps": ["Citizens elect the European Parliament every five years, giving democratic voice to EU lawmaking.", "So the answer stands: Citizens elect the European Parliament every five years, giving democratic voice to EU lawmaking."], "text": "Answer: Citizens elect the European Parliament every five years, giving democratic voice to EU lawmaking.\nSteps:\n1. Citizens elect the European Parliament every five years, giving democratic voice to EU lawmaking.\n2. So the answer stands: Citizens elect the European Parliament every five years, giving democratic voice to EU lawmaking."} | |
| {"id": "law_0180", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: what guides pain awards?", "choices": {"A": "Tariff scales", "B": "Mood of judge", "C": "Weather report", "D": "Coin toss"}, "answer": "The answer is Tariff scales.", "steps": ["Similar suffering, similar sums.", "So: Tariff scales.", "Select option A."], "text": "Answer: Tariff scales\nSteps:\n1. Similar suffering, similar sums.\n2. So: Tariff scales.\n3. Select option A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0181", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "An estate of 600000 is split equally among 3 heirs. What is one share?", "choices": {"A": "195000", "B": "205000", "C": "200000", "D": "210000"}, "answer": "One share is 200000.", "steps": ["Total 600000.", "Divide by 3: 200000.", "Select option C."], "text": "Answer: 200000\nSteps:\n1. Total 600000.\n2. Divide by 3: 200000.\n3. Select option C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0182", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is fraud?", "choices": null, "answer": "Fraud is gaining property by deceit, such as lies or fake documents, and it combines theft with dishonesty.", "steps": ["Fraud is gaining property by deceit, such as lies or fake documents, and it combines theft with dishonesty.", "So the answer stands: Fraud is gaining property by deceit, such as lies or fake documents, and it combines theft with dishonesty."], "text": "Answer: Fraud is gaining property by deceit, such as lies or fake documents, and it combines theft with dishonesty.\nSteps:\n1. Fraud is gaining property by deceit, such as lies or fake documents, and it combines theft with dishonesty.\n2. So the answer stands: Fraud is gaining property by deceit, such as lies or fake documents, and it combines theft with dishonesty."} | |
| {"id": "law_0183", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A penalty of 100 per day runs for 8 days. Find the total penalty.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total penalty: 800.", "steps": ["100 per day.", "8 days.", "100 × 8 = 800."], "text": "Answer: Total penalty: 800.\nSteps:\n1. 100 per day.\n2. 8 days.\n3. 100 × 8 = 800."} | |
| {"id": "law_0184", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is judicial review?", "choices": null, "answer": "Judicial review lets courts strike down laws that violate the constitution, guarding rights against majorities.", "steps": ["Judicial review lets courts strike down laws that violate the constitution, guarding rights against majorities.", "So the answer stands: Judicial review lets courts strike down laws that violate the constitution, guarding rights against majorities."], "text": "Answer: Judicial review lets courts strike down laws that violate the constitution, guarding rights against majorities.\nSteps:\n1. Judicial review lets courts strike down laws that violate the constitution, guarding rights against majorities.\n2. So the answer stands: Judicial review lets courts strike down laws that violate the constitution, guarding rights against majorities."} | |
| {"id": "law_0185", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Each of 27 states sends 1 minister to 3 sessions. How many seats are filled?", "choices": {"A": "54", "B": "108", "C": "135", "D": "81"}, "answer": "81 seats are filled.", "steps": ["27 × 3.", "Total: 81.", "Select option D."], "text": "Answer: 81\nSteps:\n1. 27 × 3.\n2. Total: 81.\n3. Select option D.\nAnswer: (D)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0186", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is strict liability?", "choices": null, "answer": "Strict liability pays for risky activities like driving regardless of fault, protecting victims of danger.", "steps": ["Strict liability pays for risky activities like driving regardless of fault, protecting victims of danger.", "So the answer stands: Strict liability pays for risky activities like driving regardless of fault, protecting victims of danger."], "text": "Answer: Strict liability pays for risky activities like driving regardless of fault, protecting victims of danger.\nSteps:\n1. Strict liability pays for risky activities like driving regardless of fault, protecting victims of danger.\n2. So the answer stands: Strict liability pays for risky activities like driving regardless of fault, protecting victims of danger."} | |
| {"id": "law_0187", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A child was born in 2001. In which year does it turn 18?", "choices": {"A": "2018", "B": "2020", "C": "2021", "D": "2019"}, "answer": "It turns 18 in 2019.", "steps": ["Born 2001.", "Add 18: 2019.", "Select option D."], "text": "Answer: 2019\nSteps:\n1. Born 2001.\n2. Add 18: 2019.\n3. Select option D.\nAnswer: (D)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0188", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why have prosecutors?", "choices": null, "answer": "Prosecutors charge crimes for the state and must seek truth, dropping weak cases and disclosing evidence fairly.", "steps": ["Prosecutors charge crimes for the state and must seek truth, dropping weak cases and disclosing evidence fairly.", "So the answer stands: Prosecutors charge crimes for the state and must seek truth, dropping weak cases and disclosing evidence fairly."], "text": "Answer: Prosecutors charge crimes for the state and must seek truth, dropping weak cases and disclosing evidence fairly.\nSteps:\n1. Prosecutors charge crimes for the state and must seek truth, dropping weak cases and disclosing evidence fairly.\n2. So the answer stands: Prosecutors charge crimes for the state and must seek truth, dropping weak cases and disclosing evidence fairly."} | |
| {"id": "law_0189", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "cs", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Pokuta 100 denně běží 5 dní. Kolik činí celkem?", "choices": {"A": "400", "B": "500", "C": "600", "D": "700"}, "answer": "Celkem činí 500.", "steps": ["100 × 5.", "Celkem: 500.", "Vyber možnost B."], "text": "Answer: 500\nSteps:\n1. 100 × 5.\n2. Celkem: 500.\n3. Vyber možnost B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0190", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: why force leaders out?", "choices": {"A": "Save pensions", "B": "Term limits refresh rule", "C": "Cut speeches", "D": "Free palaces"}, "answer": "The answer is Term limits refresh rule.", "steps": ["Power concentration blocked.", "So: Term limits refresh rule.", "Select option B."], "text": "Answer: Term limits refresh rule\nSteps:\n1. Power concentration blocked.\n2. So: Term limits refresh rule.\n3. Select option B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0191", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A parliament elected in 2018 serves 5 years. Find the term end year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Term ends: 2023.", "steps": ["Elected 2018.", "Add 5.", "2018 + 5 = 2023."], "text": "Answer: Term ends: 2023.\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2018.\n2. Add 5.\n3. 2018 + 5 = 2023."} | |
| {"id": "law_0192", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why limit claims in time?", "choices": null, "answer": "Tort claims expire after a few years so evidence stays fresh and disputes finally end.", "steps": ["Tort claims expire after a few years so evidence stays fresh and disputes finally end.", "So the answer stands: Tort claims expire after a few years so evidence stays fresh and disputes finally end."], "text": "Answer: Tort claims expire after a few years so evidence stays fresh and disputes finally end.\nSteps:\n1. Tort claims expire after a few years so evidence stays fresh and disputes finally end.\n2. So the answer stands: Tort claims expire after a few years so evidence stays fresh and disputes finally end."} | |
| {"id": "law_0193", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: who proves a civil claim?", "choices": {"A": "The claimant", "B": "The judge alone", "C": "The police", "D": "Nobody ever"}, "answer": "The answer is The claimant.", "steps": ["Each side proves its facts.", "So: The claimant.", "Select option A."], "text": "Answer: The claimant\nSteps:\n1. Each side proves its facts.\n2. So: The claimant.\n3. Select option A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0194", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: why limit detention?", "choices": {"A": "Cells costly", "B": "Accused still innocent", "C": "Guards few", "D": "Food scarce"}, "answer": "The answer is Accused still innocent.", "steps": ["Bail is preferred.", "So: Accused still innocent.", "Select option B."], "text": "Answer: Accused still innocent\nSteps:\n1. Bail is preferred.\n2. So: Accused still innocent.\n3. Select option B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0195", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A price of 30000 needs a 10% deposit. How much is the deposit?", "choices": {"A": "2000", "B": "4000", "C": "5000", "D": "3000"}, "answer": "The deposit is 3000.", "steps": ["10% of 30000.", "Deposit: 3000.", "Select option D."], "text": "Answer: 3000\nSteps:\n1. 10% of 30000.\n2. Deposit: 3000.\n3. Select option D.\nAnswer: (D)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0196", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why protect free speech?", "choices": null, "answer": "Free speech lets citizens criticize power and share ideas, though hate speech and lies stay punishable.", "steps": ["Free speech lets citizens criticize power and share ideas, though hate speech and lies stay punishable.", "So the answer stands: Free speech lets citizens criticize power and share ideas, though hate speech and lies stay punishable."], "text": "Answer: Free speech lets citizens criticize power and share ideas, though hate speech and lies stay punishable.\nSteps:\n1. Free speech lets citizens criticize power and share ideas, though hate speech and lies stay punishable.\n2. So the answer stands: Free speech lets citizens criticize power and share ideas, though hate speech and lies stay punishable."} | |
| {"id": "law_0197", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A proposal needs 15 states on board and has 12. Find the missing states.", "choices": null, "answer": "Missing: 3 states.", "steps": ["Need 15, have 12.", "15 − 12 = 3."], "text": "Answer: Missing: 3 states.\nSteps:\n1. Need 15, have 12.\n2. 15 − 12 = 3."} | |
| {"id": "law_0198", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: why word apologies carefully?", "choices": {"A": "Judges dislike them", "B": "They may admit fault", "C": "Paper is costly", "D": "Ink runs out"}, "answer": "The answer is They may admit fault.", "steps": ["Regret without conceding.", "So: They may admit fault.", "Select option B."], "text": "Answer: They may admit fault\nSteps:\n1. Regret without conceding.\n2. So: They may admit fault.\n3. Select option B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0199", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Dědictví 300000 se dělí rovně mezi 2 dědice. Zjisti jeden podíl.", "choices": null, "answer": "Jeden podíl: 150000.", "steps": ["Celkem 300000.", "Děl 2.", "300000 / 2 = 150000."], "text": "Answer: Jeden podíl: 150000.\nSteps:\n1. Celkem 300000.\n2. Děl 2.\n3. 300000 / 2 = 150000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0200", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is parole?", "choices": null, "answer": "Parole releases prisoners early under supervision, rewarding good behaviour while keeping public protection.", "steps": ["Parole releases prisoners early under supervision, rewarding good behaviour while keeping public protection.", "So the answer stands: Parole releases prisoners early under supervision, rewarding good behaviour while keeping public protection."], "text": "Answer: Parole releases prisoners early under supervision, rewarding good behaviour while keeping public protection.\nSteps:\n1. Parole releases prisoners early under supervision, rewarding good behaviour while keeping public protection.\n2. So the answer stands: Parole releases prisoners early under supervision, rewarding good behaviour while keeping public protection."} | |
| {"id": "law_0201", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: why write contracts down?", "choices": {"A": "Proof of terms", "B": "Paper industry", "C": "Calligraphy art", "D": "Weight training"}, "answer": "The answer is Proof of terms.", "steps": ["Memory disputes avoided.", "So: Proof of terms.", "Select option A."], "text": "Answer: Proof of terms\nSteps:\n1. Memory disputes avoided.\n2. So: Proof of terms.\n3. Select option A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0202", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is citizenship?", "choices": null, "answer": "Citizenship grants voting rights and state protection in exchange for loyalty and legal duties.", "steps": ["Citizenship grants voting rights and state protection in exchange for loyalty and legal duties.", "So the answer stands: Citizenship grants voting rights and state protection in exchange for loyalty and legal duties."], "text": "Answer: Citizenship grants voting rights and state protection in exchange for loyalty and legal duties.\nSteps:\n1. Citizenship grants voting rights and state protection in exchange for loyalty and legal duties.\n2. So the answer stands: Citizenship grants voting rights and state protection in exchange for loyalty and legal duties."} | |
| {"id": "law_0203", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Each of 27 states sends 1 minister to 4 sessions. Find the total seats filled.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total seats: 108.", "steps": ["27 per session.", "4 sessions.", "27 × 4 = 108."], "text": "Answer: Total seats: 108.\nSteps:\n1. 27 per session.\n2. 4 sessions.\n3. 27 × 4 = 108."} | |
| {"id": "law_0204", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Harm occurred in 2022 with a 3-year limitation period. Find the expiry year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Expiry year: 2025.", "steps": ["Start 2022.", "Add 3.", "2022 + 3 = 2025."], "text": "Answer: Expiry year: 2025.\nSteps:\n1. Start 2022.\n2. Add 3.\n3. 2022 + 3 = 2025."} | |
| {"id": "law_0205", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A claim arose in 2014 with a 3-year limitation period. Find the expiry year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Expiry year: 2017.", "steps": ["Start 2014.", "Add 3 years.", "2014 + 3 = 2017."], "text": "Answer: Expiry year: 2017.\nSteps:\n1. Start 2014.\n2. Add 3 years.\n3. 2014 + 3 = 2017."} | |
| {"id": "law_0206", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A fine of 7000 is paid in 5 equal parts. Find one part.", "choices": null, "answer": "One part: 1400.", "steps": ["Total 7000.", "Divide by 5.", "7000 / 5 = 1400."], "text": "Answer: One part: 1400.\nSteps:\n1. Total 7000.\n2. Divide by 5.\n3. 7000 / 5 = 1400."} | |
| {"id": "law_0207", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Delivery is due 9 days after day 1. Find the deadline day.", "choices": null, "answer": "Deadline: day 10.", "steps": ["Start day 1.", "Add 9.", "1 + 9 = 10."], "text": "Answer: Deadline: day 10.\nSteps:\n1. Start day 1.\n2. Add 9.\n3. 1 + 9 = 10."} | |
| {"id": "law_0208", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why limit emergency powers?", "choices": null, "answer": "Emergency powers are time-limited so crises cannot become excuses for permanent dictatorship.", "steps": ["Emergency powers are time-limited so crises cannot become excuses for permanent dictatorship.", "So the answer stands: Emergency powers are time-limited so crises cannot become excuses for permanent dictatorship."], "text": "Answer: Emergency powers are time-limited so crises cannot become excuses for permanent dictatorship.\nSteps:\n1. Emergency powers are time-limited so crises cannot become excuses for permanent dictatorship.\n2. So the answer stands: Emergency powers are time-limited so crises cannot become excuses for permanent dictatorship."} | |
| {"id": "law_0209", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is free movement?", "choices": null, "answer": "Free movement lets EU citizens live and work in any member state, building a shared European space.", "steps": ["Free movement lets EU citizens live and work in any member state, building a shared European space.", "So the answer stands: Free movement lets EU citizens live and work in any member state, building a shared European space."], "text": "Answer: Free movement lets EU citizens live and work in any member state, building a shared European space.\nSteps:\n1. Free movement lets EU citizens live and work in any member state, building a shared European space.\n2. So the answer stands: Free movement lets EU citizens live and work in any member state, building a shared European space."} | |
| {"id": "law_0210", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Škoda vznikla roku 2019 s tříletou lhůtou. Zjisti rok promlčení.", "choices": null, "answer": "Rok promlčení: 2022.", "steps": ["Začátek 2019.", "Přičti 3.", "2019 + 3 = 2022."], "text": "Answer: Rok promlčení: 2022.\nSteps:\n1. Začátek 2019.\n2. Přičti 3.\n3. 2019 + 3 = 2022."} | |
| {"id": "law_0211", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "An estate of 1200000 is split equally among 2 heirs. Find one share.", "choices": null, "answer": "One share: 600000.", "steps": ["Total 1200000.", "Divide by 2.", "1200000 / 2 = 600000."], "text": "Answer: One share: 600000.\nSteps:\n1. Total 1200000.\n2. Divide by 2.\n3. 1200000 / 2 = 600000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0212", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A child was born in 2009. Find the first year of criminal responsibility (age 15).", "choices": null, "answer": "Responsible from 2024.", "steps": ["Born 2009.", "Add 15.", "2009 + 15 = 2024."], "text": "Answer: Responsible from 2024.\nSteps:\n1. Born 2009.\n2. Add 15.\n3. 2009 + 15 = 2024."} | |
| {"id": "law_0213", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: what must lenders disclose?", "choices": {"A": "Staff salaries", "B": "True cost of credit", "C": "Office rent", "D": "Lunch menu"}, "answer": "The answer is True cost of credit.", "steps": ["Borrowers compare fairly.", "So: True cost of credit.", "Select option B."], "text": "Answer: True cost of credit\nSteps:\n1. Borrowers compare fairly.\n2. So: True cost of credit.\n3. Select option B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0214", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is federalism?", "choices": null, "answer": "Federalism splits power between central and regional governments, letting regions decide local matters.", "steps": ["Federalism splits power between central and regional governments, letting regions decide local matters.", "So the answer stands: Federalism splits power between central and regional governments, letting regions decide local matters."], "text": "Answer: Federalism splits power between central and regional governments, letting regions decide local matters.\nSteps:\n1. Federalism splits power between central and regional governments, letting regions decide local matters.\n2. So the answer stands: Federalism splits power between central and regional governments, letting regions decide local matters."} | |
| {"id": "law_0215", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: what moves freely?", "choices": {"A": "Goods, workers, money", "B": "Taxes, armies, prisons", "C": "Duties, bans, walls", "D": "Debts, fines, tolls"}, "answer": "The answer is Goods, workers, money.", "steps": ["Single market promise.", "So: Goods, workers, money.", "Select option A."], "text": "Answer: Goods, workers, money\nSteps:\n1. Single market promise.\n2. So: Goods, workers, money.\n3. Select option A.\nAnswer: (A)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0216", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "cs", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Náhrada 30000 se platí ve 12 měsíčních splátkách. Jak velká je jedna?", "choices": {"A": "2250", "B": "2500", "C": "2750", "D": "3000"}, "answer": "Jedna splátka činí 2500.", "steps": ["30000 / 12.", "Splátka: 2500.", "Vyber možnost B."], "text": "Answer: 2500\nSteps:\n1. 30000 / 12.\n2. Splátka: 2500.\n3. Vyber možnost B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0217", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: what ends a power of attorney?", "choices": {"A": "Rainy weather", "B": "Revocation or death", "C": "New Year", "D": "Long lunch"}, "answer": "The answer is Revocation or death.", "steps": ["Authority stays revocable.", "So: Revocation or death.", "Select option B."], "text": "Answer: Revocation or death\nSteps:\n1. Authority stays revocable.\n2. So: Revocation or death.\n3. Select option B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0218", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "Proč platí presumpce neviny?", "choices": null, "answer": "Každý je nevinen, dokud se neprokáže vina, důkazní břemeno nese stát.", "steps": ["Každý je nevinen, dokud se neprokáže vina, důkazní břemeno nese stát.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Každý je nevinen, dokud se neprokáže vina, důkazní břemeno nese stát."], "text": "Answer: Každý je nevinen, dokud se neprokáže vina, důkazní břemeno nese stát.\nSteps:\n1. Každý je nevinen, dokud se neprokáže vina, důkazní břemeno nese stát.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Každý je nevinen, dokud se neprokáže vina, důkazní břemeno nese stát."} | |
| {"id": "law_0219", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A price of 30000 carries 21% VAT. Find the total with tax.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total with tax: 36300.", "steps": ["Base 30000.", "Multiply by 1.21.", "30000 × 1.21 = 36300."], "text": "Answer: Total with tax: 36300.\nSteps:\n1. Base 30000.\n2. Multiply by 1.21.\n3. 30000 × 1.21 = 36300."} | |
| {"id": "law_0220", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why have term limits?", "choices": null, "answer": "Term limits force leaders to step down, preventing power concentration and refreshing democracy.", "steps": ["Term limits force leaders to step down, preventing power concentration and refreshing democracy.", "So the answer stands: Term limits force leaders to step down, preventing power concentration and refreshing democracy."], "text": "Answer: Term limits force leaders to step down, preventing power concentration and refreshing democracy.\nSteps:\n1. Term limits force leaders to step down, preventing power concentration and refreshing democracy.\n2. So the answer stands: Term limits force leaders to step down, preventing power concentration and refreshing democracy."} | |
| {"id": "law_0221", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why protect consumers EU-wide?", "choices": null, "answer": "EU rules guarantee refunds, safety, and roaming caps everywhere, so rights travel with the buyer.", "steps": ["EU rules guarantee refunds, safety, and roaming caps everywhere, so rights travel with the buyer.", "So the answer stands: EU rules guarantee refunds, safety, and roaming caps everywhere, so rights travel with the buyer."], "text": "Answer: EU rules guarantee refunds, safety, and roaming caps everywhere, so rights travel with the buyer.\nSteps:\n1. EU rules guarantee refunds, safety, and roaming caps everywhere, so rights travel with the buyer.\n2. So the answer stands: EU rules guarantee refunds, safety, and roaming caps everywhere, so rights travel with the buyer."} | |
| {"id": "law_0222", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is contributory fault?", "choices": null, "answer": "If the victim shares blame, compensation is reduced proportionally to their own fault share.", "steps": ["If the victim shares blame, compensation is reduced proportionally to their own fault share.", "So the answer stands: If the victim shares blame, compensation is reduced proportionally to their own fault share."], "text": "Answer: If the victim shares blame, compensation is reduced proportionally to their own fault share.\nSteps:\n1. If the victim shares blame, compensation is reduced proportionally to their own fault share.\n2. So the answer stands: If the victim shares blame, compensation is reduced proportionally to their own fault share."} | |
| {"id": "law_0223", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A dispute claims 16000 plus costs of 2000. Find the total sought.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total sought: 18000.", "steps": ["Claim 16000.", "Add costs 2000.", "16000 + 2000 = 18000."], "text": "Answer: Total sought: 18000.\nSteps:\n1. Claim 16000.\n2. Add costs 2000.\n3. 16000 + 2000 = 18000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0224", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why limit pre-trial detention?", "choices": null, "answer": "Detention before trial is limited because the accused is still innocent, and courts prefer bail or supervision.", "steps": ["Detention before trial is limited because the accused is still innocent, and courts prefer bail or supervision.", "So the answer stands: Detention before trial is limited because the accused is still innocent, and courts prefer bail or supervision."], "text": "Answer: Detention before trial is limited because the accused is still innocent, and courts prefer bail or supervision.\nSteps:\n1. Detention before trial is limited because the accused is still innocent, and courts prefer bail or supervision.\n2. So the answer stands: Detention before trial is limited because the accused is still innocent, and courts prefer bail or supervision."} | |
| {"id": "law_0225", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "cs", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Cena 20000 vyžaduje 10% zálohu. Kolik činí záloha?", "choices": {"A": "1000", "B": "3000", "C": "2000", "D": "4000"}, "answer": "Záloha činí 2000.", "steps": ["10 % z 20000.", "Záloha: 2000.", "Vyber možnost C."], "text": "Answer: 2000\nSteps:\n1. 10 % z 20000.\n2. Záloha: 2000.\n3. Vyber možnost C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0226", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A chamber elected in 2014 serves 4 years. When is the next election?", "choices": {"A": "2017", "B": "2019", "C": "2018", "D": "2020"}, "answer": "The next election is in 2018.", "steps": ["Elected 2014.", "Add 4: 2018.", "Select option C."], "text": "Answer: 2018\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2014.\n2. Add 4: 2018.\n3. Select option C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0227", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is Schengen?", "choices": null, "answer": "Schengen removed border checks between most EU states, so travel flows without passport stops.", "steps": ["Schengen removed border checks between most EU states, so travel flows without passport stops.", "So the answer stands: Schengen removed border checks between most EU states, so travel flows without passport stops."], "text": "Answer: Schengen removed border checks between most EU states, so travel flows without passport stops.\nSteps:\n1. Schengen removed border checks between most EU states, so travel flows without passport stops.\n2. So the answer stands: Schengen removed border checks between most EU states, so travel flows without passport stops."} | |
| {"id": "law_0228", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Medical costs are 42000 and lost wages 30000. Find total damages.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total damages: 72000.", "steps": ["Costs 42000.", "Wages 30000.", "42000 + 30000 = 72000."], "text": "Answer: Total damages: 72000.\nSteps:\n1. Costs 42000.\n2. Wages 30000.\n3. 42000 + 30000 = 72000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0229", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is marriage in law?", "choices": null, "answer": "Marriage is a legal union creating shared property and support duties, and divorce ends it through a court decision.", "steps": ["Marriage is a legal union creating shared property and support duties, and divorce ends it through a court decision.", "So the answer stands: Marriage is a legal union creating shared property and support duties, and divorce ends it through a court decision."], "text": "Answer: Marriage is a legal union creating shared property and support duties, and divorce ends it through a court decision.\nSteps:\n1. Marriage is a legal union creating shared property and support duties, and divorce ends it through a court decision.\n2. So the answer stands: Marriage is a legal union creating shared property and support duties, and divorce ends it through a court decision."} | |
| {"id": "law_0230", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Pokuta 5000 se platí v 5 stejných splátkách. Zjisti jednu splátku.", "choices": null, "answer": "Jedna splátka: 1000.", "steps": ["Celkem 5000.", "Děl 5.", "5000 / 5 = 1000."], "text": "Answer: Jedna splátka: 1000.\nSteps:\n1. Celkem 5000.\n2. Děl 5.\n3. 5000 / 5 = 1000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0231", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is a lease?", "choices": null, "answer": "A lease grants use of property for rent and time, and it ends by notice, expiry, or agreement.", "steps": ["A lease grants use of property for rent and time, and it ends by notice, expiry, or agreement.", "So the answer stands: A lease grants use of property for rent and time, and it ends by notice, expiry, or agreement."], "text": "Answer: A lease grants use of property for rent and time, and it ends by notice, expiry, or agreement.\nSteps:\n1. A lease grants use of property for rent and time, and it ends by notice, expiry, or agreement.\n2. So the answer stands: A lease grants use of property for rent and time, and it ends by notice, expiry, or agreement."} | |
| {"id": "law_0232", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Senátor zvolený roku 2016 slouží 6 let. Zjisti konec období.", "choices": null, "answer": "Konec období: 2022.", "steps": ["Zvolen 2016.", "Přičti 6.", "2016 + 6 = 2022."], "text": "Answer: Konec období: 2022.\nSteps:\n1. Zvolen 2016.\n2. Přičti 6.\n3. 2016 + 6 = 2022."} | |
| {"id": "law_0233", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why fine cartels?", "choices": null, "answer": "EU competition law fines cartels that fix prices, keeping markets open and prices fair for all.", "steps": ["EU competition law fines cartels that fix prices, keeping markets open and prices fair for all.", "So the answer stands: EU competition law fines cartels that fix prices, keeping markets open and prices fair for all."], "text": "Answer: EU competition law fines cartels that fix prices, keeping markets open and prices fair for all.\nSteps:\n1. EU competition law fines cartels that fix prices, keeping markets open and prices fair for all.\n2. So the answer stands: EU competition law fines cartels that fix prices, keeping markets open and prices fair for all."} | |
| {"id": "law_0234", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why document injuries?", "choices": null, "answer": "Medical reports prove the injury and its extent, deciding how much compensation courts award.", "steps": ["Medical reports prove the injury and its extent, deciding how much compensation courts award.", "So the answer stands: Medical reports prove the injury and its extent, deciding how much compensation courts award."], "text": "Answer: Medical reports prove the injury and its extent, deciding how much compensation courts award.\nSteps:\n1. Medical reports prove the injury and its extent, deciding how much compensation courts award.\n2. So the answer stands: Medical reports prove the injury and its extent, deciding how much compensation courts award."} | |
| {"id": "law_0235", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why does custody focus on children?", "choices": null, "answer": "Custody law puts the child's welfare first, so courts weigh stability, care, and the child's own wishes.", "steps": ["Custody law puts the child's welfare first, so courts weigh stability, care, and the child's own wishes.", "So the answer stands: Custody law puts the child's welfare first, so courts weigh stability, care, and the child's own wishes."], "text": "Answer: Custody law puts the child's welfare first, so courts weigh stability, care, and the child's own wishes.\nSteps:\n1. Custody law puts the child's welfare first, so courts weigh stability, care, and the child's own wishes.\n2. So the answer stands: Custody law puts the child's welfare first, so courts weigh stability, care, and the child's own wishes."} | |
| {"id": "law_0236", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "Proč se tresty liší?", "choices": null, "answer": "Soudy váží škodu, motiv a minulost, proto podobné činy dostávají různé tresty.", "steps": ["Soudy váží škodu, motiv a minulost, proto podobné činy dostávají různé tresty.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Soudy váží škodu, motiv a minulost, proto podobné činy dostávají různé tresty."], "text": "Answer: Soudy váží škodu, motiv a minulost, proto podobné činy dostávají různé tresty.\nSteps:\n1. Soudy váží škodu, motiv a minulost, proto podobné činy dostávají různé tresty.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Soudy váží škodu, motiv a minulost, proto podobné činy dostávají různé tresty."} | |
| {"id": "law_0237", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A price of 20000 carries 21% VAT. What is the total?", "choices": {"A": "23700", "B": "24700", "C": "24200", "D": "25200"}, "answer": "The total is 24200.", "steps": ["Base 20000.", "Times 1.21: 24200.", "Select option C."], "text": "Answer: 24200\nSteps:\n1. Base 20000.\n2. Times 1.21: 24200.\n3. Select option C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0238", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A senator elected in 2020 serves 6 years. Find the term end year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Term ends: 2026.", "steps": ["Elected 2020.", "Add 6.", "2020 + 6 = 2026."], "text": "Answer: Term ends: 2026.\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2020.\n2. Add 6.\n3. 2020 + 6 = 2026."} | |
| {"id": "law_0239", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Choose: why fine cartels?", "choices": {"A": "Raise prices", "B": "Keep markets open", "C": "Protect monopolies", "D": "Fund galas"}, "answer": "The answer is Keep markets open.", "steps": ["Price-fixing hurts all.", "So: Keep markets open.", "Select option B."], "text": "Answer: Keep markets open\nSteps:\n1. Price-fixing hurts all.\n2. So: Keep markets open.\n3. Select option B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0240", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "An award of 105000 is paid in 12 monthly parts. Find one monthly part.", "choices": null, "answer": "Monthly part: 8750.", "steps": ["Total 105000.", "Divide by 12.", "105000 / 12 = 8750."], "text": "Answer: Monthly part: 8750.\nSteps:\n1. Total 105000.\n2. Divide by 12.\n3. 105000 / 12 = 8750."} | |
| {"id": "law_0241", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A claim arose in 2015 with a 3-year limitation period. Find the expiry year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Expiry year: 2018.", "steps": ["Start 2015.", "Add 3 years.", "2015 + 3 = 2018."], "text": "Answer: Expiry year: 2018.\nSteps:\n1. Start 2015.\n2. Add 3 years.\n3. 2015 + 3 = 2018."} | |
| {"id": "law_0242", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A child was born in 2007. From which year is it criminally responsible (age 15)?", "choices": {"A": "2021", "B": "2023", "C": "2022", "D": "2024"}, "answer": "Responsible from 2022.", "steps": ["Born 2007.", "Add 15: 2022.", "Select option C."], "text": "Answer: 2022\nSteps:\n1. Born 2007.\n2. Add 15: 2022.\n3. Select option C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0243", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "Co je porušení smlouvy?", "choices": null, "answer": "Porušení znamená nesplnit slib a poškozený může žádat plnění, opravu či náhradu.", "steps": ["Porušení znamená nesplnit slib a poškozený může žádat plnění, opravu či náhradu.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Porušení znamená nesplnit slib a poškozený může žádat plnění, opravu či náhradu."], "text": "Answer: Porušení znamená nesplnit slib a poškozený může žádat plnění, opravu či náhradu.\nSteps:\n1. Porušení znamená nesplnit slib a poškozený může žádat plnění, opravu či náhradu.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Porušení znamená nesplnit slib a poškozený může žádat plnění, opravu či náhradu."} | |
| {"id": "law_0244", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A chamber elected in 2017 serves 4 years. Find the next election year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Next election: 2021.", "steps": ["Elected 2017.", "Add 4.", "2017 + 4 = 2021."], "text": "Answer: Next election: 2021.\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2017.\n2. Add 4.\n3. 2017 + 4 = 2021."} | |
| {"id": "law_0245", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A parliament elected in 2019 serves 5 years. Find the term end year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Term ends: 2024.", "steps": ["Elected 2019.", "Add 5.", "2019 + 5 = 2024."], "text": "Answer: Term ends: 2024.\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2019.\n2. Add 5.\n3. 2019 + 5 = 2024."} | |
| {"id": "law_0246", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is lost profit?", "choices": null, "answer": "Lost profit compensates earnings the victim would have made without the harm, if proven concretely.", "steps": ["Lost profit compensates earnings the victim would have made without the harm, if proven concretely.", "So the answer stands: Lost profit compensates earnings the victim would have made without the harm, if proven concretely."], "text": "Answer: Lost profit compensates earnings the victim would have made without the harm, if proven concretely.\nSteps:\n1. Lost profit compensates earnings the victim would have made without the harm, if proven concretely.\n2. So the answer stands: Lost profit compensates earnings the victim would have made without the harm, if proven concretely."} | |
| {"id": "law_0247", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A claim arose in 2012 with a 3-year limitation period. When does it expire?", "choices": {"A": "2014", "B": "2016", "C": "2015", "D": "2017"}, "answer": "It expires in 2015.", "steps": ["Start 2012.", "Add 3: 2015.", "Select option C."], "text": "Answer: 2015\nSteps:\n1. Start 2012.\n2. Add 3: 2015.\n3. Select option C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0248", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is an alibi?", "choices": null, "answer": "An alibi proves the accused was elsewhere when the crime happened, and a solid alibi defeats the charge.", "steps": ["An alibi proves the accused was elsewhere when the crime happened, and a solid alibi defeats the charge.", "So the answer stands: An alibi proves the accused was elsewhere when the crime happened, and a solid alibi defeats the charge."], "text": "Answer: An alibi proves the accused was elsewhere when the crime happened, and a solid alibi defeats the charge.\nSteps:\n1. An alibi proves the accused was elsewhere when the crime happened, and a solid alibi defeats the charge.\n2. So the answer stands: An alibi proves the accused was elsewhere when the crime happened, and a solid alibi defeats the charge."} | |
| {"id": "law_0249", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A penalty of 100 per day runs for 9 days. Find the total penalty.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total penalty: 900.", "steps": ["100 per day.", "9 days.", "100 × 9 = 900."], "text": "Answer: Total penalty: 900.\nSteps:\n1. 100 per day.\n2. 9 days.\n3. 100 × 9 = 900."} | |
| {"id": "law_0250", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A motion needs 101 of 200 votes and gets 97. Find the missing votes.", "choices": null, "answer": "Missing: 4 votes.", "steps": ["Need 101, got 97.", "101 − 97 = 4."], "text": "Answer: Missing: 4 votes.\nSteps:\n1. Need 101, got 97.\n2. 101 − 97 = 4."} | |
| {"id": "law_0251", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A parliament elected in 2016 serves 5 years. When does the term end?", "choices": {"A": "2020", "B": "2022", "C": "2021", "D": "2023"}, "answer": "The term ends in 2021.", "steps": ["Elected 2016.", "Add 5: 2021.", "Select option C."], "text": "Answer: 2021\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2016.\n2. Add 5: 2021.\n3. Select option C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0252", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why apologize carefully?", "choices": null, "answer": "Apologies can admit fault in court, so lawyers word them to express regret without conceding liability.", "steps": ["Apologies can admit fault in court, so lawyers word them to express regret without conceding liability.", "So the answer stands: Apologies can admit fault in court, so lawyers word them to express regret without conceding liability."], "text": "Answer: Apologies can admit fault in court, so lawyers word them to express regret without conceding liability.\nSteps:\n1. Apologies can admit fault in court, so lawyers word them to express regret without conceding liability.\n2. So the answer stands: Apologies can admit fault in court, so lawyers word them to express regret without conceding liability."} | |
| {"id": "law_0253", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is adoption?", "choices": null, "answer": "Adoption creates a full parent-child bond by court order, giving the child the same rights as a biological child.", "steps": ["Adoption creates a full parent-child bond by court order, giving the child the same rights as a biological child.", "So the answer stands: Adoption creates a full parent-child bond by court order, giving the child the same rights as a biological child."], "text": "Answer: Adoption creates a full parent-child bond by court order, giving the child the same rights as a biological child.\nSteps:\n1. Adoption creates a full parent-child bond by court order, giving the child the same rights as a biological child.\n2. So the answer stands: Adoption creates a full parent-child bond by court order, giving the child the same rights as a biological child."} | |
| {"id": "law_0254", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A sentence of 30 months allows parole after half. Find the parole month.", "choices": null, "answer": "Parole after 15 months.", "steps": ["Total 30.", "Halve it.", "30 / 2 = 15."], "text": "Answer: Parole after 15 months.\nSteps:\n1. Total 30.\n2. Halve it.\n3. 30 / 2 = 15."} | |
| {"id": "law_0255", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Delivery is due 10 days after day 1. Find the deadline day.", "choices": null, "answer": "Deadline: day 11.", "steps": ["Start day 1.", "Add 10.", "1 + 10 = 11."], "text": "Answer: Deadline: day 11.\nSteps:\n1. Start day 1.\n2. Add 10.\n3. 1 + 10 = 11."} | |
| {"id": "law_0256", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "Proč dělit moc?", "choices": null, "answer": "Dělení moci brání tyranii, protože se zákonodárná, výkonná a soudní moc hlídají.", "steps": ["Dělení moci brání tyranii, protože se zákonodárná, výkonná a soudní moc hlídají.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Dělení moci brání tyranii, protože se zákonodárná, výkonná a soudní moc hlídají."], "text": "Answer: Dělení moci brání tyranii, protože se zákonodárná, výkonná a soudní moc hlídají.\nSteps:\n1. Dělení moci brání tyranii, protože se zákonodárná, výkonná a soudní moc hlídají.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Dělení moci brání tyranii, protože se zákonodárná, výkonná a soudní moc hlídají."} | |
| {"id": "law_0257", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "cs", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Návrh potřebuje 15 států a má 10. Kolik dalších je třeba?", "choices": {"A": "4", "B": "5", "C": "6", "D": "7"}, "answer": "Je třeba 5 dalších států.", "steps": ["Třeba 15, má 10.", "Chybí: 5.", "Vyber možnost B."], "text": "Answer: 5\nSteps:\n1. Třeba 15, má 10.\n2. Chybí: 5.\n3. Vyber možnost B.\nAnswer: (B)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0258", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "Proč prokazovat zavinění?", "choices": null, "answer": "Zavinění spojuje škůdce se škodou, platit musí jen ten, kdo škodu způsobil.", "steps": ["Zavinění spojuje škůdce se škodou, platit musí jen ten, kdo škodu způsobil.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Zavinění spojuje škůdce se škodou, platit musí jen ten, kdo škodu způsobil."], "text": "Answer: Zavinění spojuje škůdce se škodou, platit musí jen ten, kdo škodu způsobil.\nSteps:\n1. Zavinění spojuje škůdce se škodou, platit musí jen ten, kdo škodu způsobil.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Zavinění spojuje škůdce se škodou, platit musí jen ten, kdo škodu způsobil."} | |
| {"id": "law_0259", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why notarize documents?", "choices": null, "answer": "Notarized documents carry stronger proof in court, because a notary verifies identity, consent, and understanding.", "steps": ["Notarized documents carry stronger proof in court, because a notary verifies identity, consent, and understanding.", "So the answer stands: Notarized documents carry stronger proof in court, because a notary verifies identity, consent, and understanding."], "text": "Answer: Notarized documents carry stronger proof in court, because a notary verifies identity, consent, and understanding.\nSteps:\n1. Notarized documents carry stronger proof in court, because a notary verifies identity, consent, and understanding.\n2. So the answer stands: Notarized documents carry stronger proof in court, because a notary verifies identity, consent, and understanding."} | |
| {"id": "law_0260", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A fine of 8000 is paid in 5 equal parts. Find one part.", "choices": null, "answer": "One part: 1600.", "steps": ["Total 8000.", "Divide by 5.", "8000 / 5 = 1600."], "text": "Answer: One part: 1600.\nSteps:\n1. Total 8000.\n2. Divide by 5.\n3. 8000 / 5 = 1600."} | |
| {"id": "law_0261", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why give notice periods?", "choices": null, "answer": "Notice periods let both sides prepare for contract end, preventing sudden loss of home or income.", "steps": ["Notice periods let both sides prepare for contract end, preventing sudden loss of home or income.", "So the answer stands: Notice periods let both sides prepare for contract end, preventing sudden loss of home or income."], "text": "Answer: Notice periods let both sides prepare for contract end, preventing sudden loss of home or income.\nSteps:\n1. Notice periods let both sides prepare for contract end, preventing sudden loss of home or income.\n2. So the answer stands: Notice periods let both sides prepare for contract end, preventing sudden loss of home or income."} | |
| {"id": "law_0262", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A senator elected in 2022 serves 6 years. Find the term end year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Term ends: 2028.", "steps": ["Elected 2022.", "Add 6.", "2022 + 6 = 2028."], "text": "Answer: Term ends: 2028.\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2022.\n2. Add 6.\n3. 2022 + 6 = 2028."} | |
| {"id": "law_0263", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A proposal needs 15 states on board and has 12. How many more are needed?", "choices": {"A": "2", "B": "4", "C": "5", "D": "3"}, "answer": "3 more states are needed.", "steps": ["Need 15, have 12.", "Missing: 3.", "Select option D."], "text": "Answer: 3\nSteps:\n1. Need 15, have 12.\n2. Missing: 3.\n3. Select option D.\nAnswer: (D)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0264", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "cs", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Škoda vznikla roku 2018 s tříletou lhůtou. Kdy se nárok promlčí?", "choices": {"A": "2020", "B": "2022", "C": "2021", "D": "2023"}, "answer": "Promlčí se roku 2021.", "steps": ["Začátek 2018.", "Přičti 3: 2021.", "Vyber možnost C."], "text": "Answer: 2021\nSteps:\n1. Začátek 2018.\n2. Přičti 3: 2021.\n3. Vyber možnost C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0265", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "An estate of 900000 is split equally among 4 heirs. What is one share?", "choices": {"A": "220000", "B": "230000", "C": "235000", "D": "225000"}, "answer": "One share is 225000.", "steps": ["Total 900000.", "Divide by 4: 225000.", "Select option D."], "text": "Answer: 225000\nSteps:\n1. Total 900000.\n2. Divide by 4: 225000.\n3. Select option D.\nAnswer: (D)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0266", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A child was born in 2010. Find the first year of criminal responsibility (age 15).", "choices": null, "answer": "Responsible from 2025.", "steps": ["Born 2010.", "Add 15.", "2010 + 15 = 2025."], "text": "Answer: Responsible from 2025.\nSteps:\n1. Born 2010.\n2. Add 15.\n3. 2010 + 15 = 2025."} | |
| {"id": "law_0267", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is a loan contract?", "choices": null, "answer": "A loan contract obliges repayment of money with agreed interest, and lenders must disclose the true cost.", "steps": ["A loan contract obliges repayment of money with agreed interest, and lenders must disclose the true cost.", "So the answer stands: A loan contract obliges repayment of money with agreed interest, and lenders must disclose the true cost."], "text": "Answer: A loan contract obliges repayment of money with agreed interest, and lenders must disclose the true cost.\nSteps:\n1. A loan contract obliges repayment of money with agreed interest, and lenders must disclose the true cost.\n2. So the answer stands: A loan contract obliges repayment of money with agreed interest, and lenders must disclose the true cost."} | |
| {"id": "law_0268", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "Co jsou lidská práva?", "choices": null, "answer": "Lidská práva jsou základní svobody jako projev a spravedlivý proces, jež stát ctí.", "steps": ["Lidská práva jsou základní svobody jako projev a spravedlivý proces, jež stát ctí.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Lidská práva jsou základní svobody jako projev a spravedlivý proces, jež stát ctí."], "text": "Answer: Lidská práva jsou základní svobody jako projev a spravedlivý proces, jež stát ctí.\nSteps:\n1. Lidská práva jsou základní svobody jako projev a spravedlivý proces, jež stát ctí.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Lidská práva jsou základní svobody jako projev a spravedlivý proces, jež stát ctí."} | |
| {"id": "law_0269", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is GDPR?", "choices": null, "answer": "GDPR gives people control over personal data, forcing companies to ask consent and protect privacy.", "steps": ["GDPR gives people control over personal data, forcing companies to ask consent and protect privacy.", "So the answer stands: GDPR gives people control over personal data, forcing companies to ask consent and protect privacy."], "text": "Answer: GDPR gives people control over personal data, forcing companies to ask consent and protect privacy.\nSteps:\n1. GDPR gives people control over personal data, forcing companies to ask consent and protect privacy.\n2. So the answer stands: GDPR gives people control over personal data, forcing companies to ask consent and protect privacy."} | |
| {"id": "law_0270", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Léčba stojí 27000 a ušlá mzda 30000. Zjisti celkovou náhradu.", "choices": null, "answer": "Celková náhrada: 57000.", "steps": ["Léčba 27000.", "Mzda 30000.", "27000 + 30000 = 57000."], "text": "Answer: Celková náhrada: 57000.\nSteps:\n1. Léčba 27000.\n2. Mzda 30000.\n3. 27000 + 30000 = 57000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0271", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Ve sporu se žádá 10000 plus náklady 2000. Zjisti celkovou částku.", "choices": null, "answer": "Celkem: 12000.", "steps": ["Nárok 10000.", "Přičti náklady 2000.", "10000 + 2000 = 12000."], "text": "Answer: Celkem: 12000.\nSteps:\n1. Nárok 10000.\n2. Přičti náklady 2000.\n3. 10000 + 2000 = 12000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0272", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A sentence of 36 months allows parole after half. Find the parole month.", "choices": null, "answer": "Parole after 18 months.", "steps": ["Total 36.", "Halve it.", "36 / 2 = 18."], "text": "Answer: Parole after 18 months.\nSteps:\n1. Total 36.\n2. Halve it.\n3. 36 / 2 = 18."} | |
| {"id": "law_0273", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A penalty of 100 per day runs for 7 days. What is the total?", "choices": {"A": "600", "B": "800", "C": "900", "D": "700"}, "answer": "The total is 700.", "steps": ["100 × 7.", "Total: 700.", "Select option D."], "text": "Answer: 700\nSteps:\n1. 100 × 7.\n2. Total: 700.\n3. Select option D.\nAnswer: (D)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0274", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "cs", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "Sněmovna zvolená roku 2013 slouží 4 roky. Zjisti rok dalších voleb.", "choices": null, "answer": "Další volby: 2017.", "steps": ["Zvolena 2013.", "Přičti 4.", "2013 + 4 = 2017."], "text": "Answer: Další volby: 2017.\nSteps:\n1. Zvolena 2013.\n2. Přičti 4.\n3. 2013 + 4 = 2017."} | |
| {"id": "law_0275", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why fund regions?", "choices": null, "answer": "EU funds build roads and schools in poorer regions, narrowing gaps between member states.", "steps": ["EU funds build roads and schools in poorer regions, narrowing gaps between member states.", "So the answer stands: EU funds build roads and schools in poorer regions, narrowing gaps between member states."], "text": "Answer: EU funds build roads and schools in poorer regions, narrowing gaps between member states.\nSteps:\n1. EU funds build roads and schools in poorer regions, narrowing gaps between member states.\n2. So the answer stands: EU funds build roads and schools in poorer regions, narrowing gaps between member states."} | |
| {"id": "law_0276", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Medical costs are 30000 and lost wages 30000. What are total damages?", "choices": {"A": "55000", "B": "65000", "C": "60000", "D": "70000"}, "answer": "Total damages are 60000.", "steps": ["30000 + 30000.", "Total: 60000.", "Select option C."], "text": "Answer: 60000\nSteps:\n1. 30000 + 30000.\n2. Total: 60000.\n3. Select option C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0277", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "cs", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Dítě se narodilo roku 2000. Ve kterém roce dosáhne 18 let?", "choices": {"A": "2017", "B": "2019", "C": "2018", "D": "2020"}, "answer": "Zletilosti dosáhne roku 2018.", "steps": ["Narozeno 2000.", "Přičti 18: 2018.", "Vyber možnost C."], "text": "Answer: 2018\nSteps:\n1. Narozeno 2000.\n2. Přičti 18: 2018.\n3. Vyber možnost C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0278", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A sentence of 24 months allows parole after half. After how many months?", "choices": {"A": "10", "B": "14", "C": "16", "D": "12"}, "answer": "After 12 months.", "steps": ["Total 24.", "Half: 12.", "Select option D."], "text": "Answer: 12\nSteps:\n1. Total 24.\n2. Half: 12.\n3. Select option D.\nAnswer: (D)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0279", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A price of 35000 carries 21% VAT. Find the total with tax.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total with tax: 42350.", "steps": ["Base 35000.", "Multiply by 1.21.", "35000 × 1.21 = 42350."], "text": "Answer: Total with tax: 42350.\nSteps:\n1. Base 35000.\n2. Multiply by 1.21.\n3. 35000 × 1.21 = 42350."} | |
| {"id": "law_0280", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "A motion needs 101 of 200 votes and gets 97. How many votes short?", "choices": {"A": "3", "B": "5", "C": "6", "D": "4"}, "answer": "It is 4 votes short.", "steps": ["Need 101, got 97.", "Short: 4.", "Select option D."], "text": "Answer: 4\nSteps:\n1. Need 101, got 97.\n2. Short: 4.\n3. Select option D.\nAnswer: (D)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0281", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "cs", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Každý z 27 států vysílá 1 ministra na 2 zasedání. Kolik míst se obsadí?", "choices": {"A": "27", "B": "81", "C": "54", "D": "108"}, "answer": "Obsadí se 54 míst.", "steps": ["27 × 2.", "Celkem: 54.", "Vyber možnost C."], "text": "Answer: 54\nSteps:\n1. 27 × 2.\n2. Celkem: 54.\n3. Vyber možnost C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0282", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "Co je náhrada škody?", "choices": null, "answer": "Náhrada vrací poškozeného do původního stavu, kryje účty, opravy a ušlý příjem.", "steps": ["Náhrada vrací poškozeného do původního stavu, kryje účty, opravy a ušlý příjem.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Náhrada vrací poškozeného do původního stavu, kryje účty, opravy a ušlý příjem."], "text": "Answer: Náhrada vrací poškozeného do původního stavu, kryje účty, opravy a ušlý příjem.\nSteps:\n1. Náhrada vrací poškozeného do původního stavu, kryje účty, opravy a ušlý příjem.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Náhrada vrací poškozeného do původního stavu, kryje účty, opravy a ušlý příjem."} | |
| {"id": "law_0283", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "An estate of 1500000 is split equally among 3 heirs. Find one share.", "choices": null, "answer": "One share: 500000.", "steps": ["Total 1500000.", "Divide by 3.", "1500000 / 3 = 500000."], "text": "Answer: One share: 500000.\nSteps:\n1. Total 1500000.\n2. Divide by 3.\n3. 1500000 / 3 = 500000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0284", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "Co je krádež?", "choices": null, "answer": "Krádež je přisvojení cizí věci a trest roste s hodnotou a opakováním.", "steps": ["Krádež je přisvojení cizí věci a trest roste s hodnotou a opakováním.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Krádež je přisvojení cizí věci a trest roste s hodnotou a opakováním."], "text": "Answer: Krádež je přisvojení cizí věci a trest roste s hodnotou a opakováním.\nSteps:\n1. Krádež je přisvojení cizí věci a trest roste s hodnotou a opakováním.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Krádež je přisvojení cizí věci a trest roste s hodnotou a opakováním."} | |
| {"id": "law_0285", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why cap interest?", "choices": null, "answer": "Interest caps stop predatory lending, so desperate borrowers cannot be trapped by extreme rates.", "steps": ["Interest caps stop predatory lending, so desperate borrowers cannot be trapped by extreme rates.", "So the answer stands: Interest caps stop predatory lending, so desperate borrowers cannot be trapped by extreme rates."], "text": "Answer: Interest caps stop predatory lending, so desperate borrowers cannot be trapped by extreme rates.\nSteps:\n1. Interest caps stop predatory lending, so desperate borrowers cannot be trapped by extreme rates.\n2. So the answer stands: Interest caps stop predatory lending, so desperate borrowers cannot be trapped by extreme rates."} | |
| {"id": "law_0286", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "cs", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Prezident inaugurovaný roku 2000 slouží 5 let. Kdy období končí?", "choices": {"A": "2004", "B": "2006", "C": "2005", "D": "2007"}, "answer": "Období končí roku 2005.", "steps": ["Začátek 2000.", "Přičti 5: 2005.", "Vyber možnost C."], "text": "Answer: 2005\nSteps:\n1. Začátek 2000.\n2. Přičti 5: 2005.\n3. Vyber možnost C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0287", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A proposal needs 15 states on board and has 13. Find the missing states.", "choices": null, "answer": "Missing: 2 states.", "steps": ["Need 15, have 13.", "15 − 13 = 2."], "text": "Answer: Missing: 2 states.\nSteps:\n1. Need 15, have 13.\n2. 15 − 13 = 2."} | |
| {"id": "law_0288", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "An award of 60000 is paid in 12 monthly parts. How large is one part?", "choices": {"A": "4750", "B": "5250", "C": "5500", "D": "5000"}, "answer": "One part is 5000.", "steps": ["60000 / 12.", "Part: 5000.", "Select option D."], "text": "Answer: 5000\nSteps:\n1. 60000 / 12.\n2. Part: 5000.\n3. Select option D.\nAnswer: (D)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0289", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is a power of attorney?", "choices": null, "answer": "A power of attorney lets one person act legally for another, and it ends if revoked, expired, or the principal dies.", "steps": ["A power of attorney lets one person act legally for another, and it ends if revoked, expired, or the principal dies.", "So the answer stands: A power of attorney lets one person act legally for another, and it ends if revoked, expired, or the principal dies."], "text": "Answer: A power of attorney lets one person act legally for another, and it ends if revoked, expired, or the principal dies.\nSteps:\n1. A power of attorney lets one person act legally for another, and it ends if revoked, expired, or the principal dies.\n2. So the answer stands: A power of attorney lets one person act legally for another, and it ends if revoked, expired, or the principal dies."} | |
| {"id": "law_0290", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why punish corruption?", "choices": null, "answer": "Corruption trades public power for private gain, so it is punished to protect fair decisions and trust.", "steps": ["Corruption trades public power for private gain, so it is punished to protect fair decisions and trust.", "So the answer stands: Corruption trades public power for private gain, so it is punished to protect fair decisions and trust."], "text": "Answer: Corruption trades public power for private gain, so it is punished to protect fair decisions and trust.\nSteps:\n1. Corruption trades public power for private gain, so it is punished to protect fair decisions and trust.\n2. So the answer stands: Corruption trades public power for private gain, so it is punished to protect fair decisions and trust."} | |
| {"id": "law_0291", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A penalty of 100 per day runs for 10 days. Find the total penalty.", "choices": null, "answer": "Total penalty: 1000.", "steps": ["100 per day.", "10 days.", "100 × 10 = 1000."], "text": "Answer: Total penalty: 1000.\nSteps:\n1. 100 per day.\n2. 10 days.\n3. 100 × 10 = 1000."} | |
| {"id": "law_0292", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A chamber elected in 2019 serves 4 years. Find the next election year.", "choices": null, "answer": "Next election: 2023.", "steps": ["Elected 2019.", "Add 4.", "2019 + 4 = 2023."], "text": "Answer: Next election: 2023.\nSteps:\n1. Elected 2019.\n2. Add 4.\n3. 2019 + 4 = 2023."} | |
| {"id": "law_0293", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is the Council?", "choices": null, "answer": "The Council gathers national ministers to adopt EU laws together with the Parliament.", "steps": ["The Council gathers national ministers to adopt EU laws together with the Parliament.", "So the answer stands: The Council gathers national ministers to adopt EU laws together with the Parliament."], "text": "Answer: The Council gathers national ministers to adopt EU laws together with the Parliament.\nSteps:\n1. The Council gathers national ministers to adopt EU laws together with the Parliament.\n2. So the answer stands: The Council gathers national ministers to adopt EU laws together with the Parliament."} | |
| {"id": "law_0294", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "What is product liability?", "choices": null, "answer": "Makers pay for harm from defective products, pushing them to test safety before selling.", "steps": ["Makers pay for harm from defective products, pushing them to test safety before selling.", "So the answer stands: Makers pay for harm from defective products, pushing them to test safety before selling."], "text": "Answer: Makers pay for harm from defective products, pushing them to test safety before selling.\nSteps:\n1. Makers pay for harm from defective products, pushing them to test safety before selling.\n2. So the answer stands: Makers pay for harm from defective products, pushing them to test safety before selling."} | |
| {"id": "law_0295", "subject": "law", "topic": "civil", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why do courts use appeals?", "choices": null, "answer": "Appeals let higher courts fix legal errors, so similar cases get consistent and fair treatment.", "steps": ["Appeals let higher courts fix legal errors, so similar cases get consistent and fair treatment.", "So the answer stands: Appeals let higher courts fix legal errors, so similar cases get consistent and fair treatment."], "text": "Answer: Appeals let higher courts fix legal errors, so similar cases get consistent and fair treatment.\nSteps:\n1. Appeals let higher courts fix legal errors, so similar cases get consistent and fair treatment.\n2. So the answer stands: Appeals let higher courts fix legal errors, so similar cases get consistent and fair treatment."} | |
| {"id": "law_0296", "subject": "law", "topic": "criminal", "lang": "cs", "kind": "multiple_choice", "question": "Čin z roku 2015 má pětiletou promlčecí lhůtu. Kdy se promlčí?", "choices": {"A": "2019", "B": "2021", "C": "2020", "D": "2022"}, "answer": "Promlčí se roku 2020.", "steps": ["Začátek 2015.", "Přičti 5: 2020.", "Vyber možnost C."], "text": "Answer: 2020\nSteps:\n1. Začátek 2015.\n2. Přičti 5: 2020.\n3. Vyber možnost C.\nAnswer: (C)"} | |
| {"id": "law_0297", "subject": "law", "topic": "contracts", "lang": "cs", "kind": "concept", "question": "Proč platit smluvní pokutu?", "choices": null, "answer": "Pokuta je ujednaná částka za porušení, ale soud ji může snížit při hrubém nepoměru.", "steps": ["Pokuta je ujednaná částka za porušení, ale soud ji může snížit při hrubém nepoměru.", "Odpověď tedy platí: Pokuta je ujednaná částka za porušení, ale soud ji může snížit při hrubém nepoměru."], "text": "Answer: Pokuta je ujednaná částka za porušení, ale soud ji může snížit při hrubém nepoměru.\nSteps:\n1. Pokuta je ujednaná částka za porušení, ale soud ji může snížit při hrubém nepoměru.\n2. Odpověď tedy platí: Pokuta je ujednaná částka za porušení, ale soud ji může snížit při hrubém nepoměru."} | |
| {"id": "law_0298", "subject": "law", "topic": "constitutional", "lang": "en", "kind": "worked_example", "question": "A motion needs 101 of 200 votes and gets 98. Find the missing votes.", "choices": null, "answer": "Missing: 3 votes.", "steps": ["Need 101, got 98.", "101 − 98 = 3."], "text": "Answer: Missing: 3 votes.\nSteps:\n1. Need 101, got 98.\n2. 101 − 98 = 3."} | |
| {"id": "law_0299", "subject": "law", "topic": "eu_basics", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why need unanimity sometimes?", "choices": null, "answer": "Tax and foreign policy need all states to agree, protecting sovereignty on sensitive issues.", "steps": ["Tax and foreign policy need all states to agree, protecting sovereignty on sensitive issues.", "So the answer stands: Tax and foreign policy need all states to agree, protecting sovereignty on sensitive issues."], "text": "Answer: Tax and foreign policy need all states to agree, protecting sovereignty on sensitive issues.\nSteps:\n1. Tax and foreign policy need all states to agree, protecting sovereignty on sensitive issues.\n2. So the answer stands: Tax and foreign policy need all states to agree, protecting sovereignty on sensitive issues."} | |
| {"id": "law_0300", "subject": "law", "topic": "tort", "lang": "en", "kind": "concept", "question": "Why settle injury claims?", "choices": null, "answer": "Settlements pay victims faster than trials and spare both sides cost, stress, and uncertainty.", "steps": ["Settlements pay victims faster than trials and spare both sides cost, stress, and uncertainty.", "So the answer stands: Settlements pay victims faster than trials and spare both sides cost, stress, and uncertainty."], "text": "Answer: Settlements pay victims faster than trials and spare both sides cost, stress, and uncertainty.\nSteps:\n1. Settlements pay victims faster than trials and spare both sides cost, stress, and uncertainty.\n2. So the answer stands: Settlements pay victims faster than trials and spare both sides cost, stress, and uncertainty."} | |