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learning and mastering procedural skills are major challenges in anesthesia practice and are essential in the process of achieving clinical competence .
anesthesiologists carry out many complex clinical tasks in their routine work which the trainee is expected to learn and master during training .
an increased public a... | background and aims : gaining expertise in procedural skills is essential for achieving clinical competence during anesthesia training .
supervisors have the important responsibility of deciding when the trainee can be allowed to perform various procedures without direct supervision while ensuring patient safety .
... | Introduction
Material and Methods
Data analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
materials rna oligonucleotides described in this work were
obtained from dharmacon and dna oligonucleotides were obtained from
invitrogen .
we cloned ns3 + and ns3 - 4a+-expressing
cdna from the hepatitis c viral genotype 1a ( version h77 , kindly donated by
dr .
the dna oligonucleotides
used for pcr of... | non - structural protein 3 ( ns3 ) is a multifunctional enzyme possessing
serine protease , ntpase , and rna unwinding activities that are required for
hepatitis c viral ( hcv ) replication .
hcv non - structural protein 4a ( ns4a )
binds to the n - terminal ns3 protease domain to stimulate ns3 serine prote... | EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
Supplementary Material |
many efforts have been undertaken to unravel the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ( nash ) . the balance between proinflammatory th17 and the regulatory t cells ( tregs ) , which plays a major role in the control of inflammation , appears to be disturbed in various diseases ... |
background and aims .
inflammatory mediators that cross - talk in different metabolically active organs are thought to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ( nash ) .
this study was aimed at investigating the cd4+rort+ t - helper cells and their counterpart , the cd4+cd25+foxp3... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
two proven vector control strategies are currently advocated to reduce transmission of malarial disease in africa , namely indoor residual spraying ( irs ) [ 1 - 5 ] and insecticide - treated bednets ( itns ) [ 6 - 9 ] . both methods are based on the use of residual insecticides in the intra - domiciliary domain and ta... | backgroundthe development and implementation of innovative vector control strategies for malaria control in africa requires in - depth ecological studies in contained semi - field environments .
this particularly applies to the development and release of genetically - engineered vectors that are refractory to plasmo... | Background
Methods
Design
Mosquitoes
Life-cycle completion
Ethical considerations
Results and Discussion
Microclimate
Life-cycle completion
Blood-fed females
Males and virgin females
Eggs
Authors contributions
Competing interests
Acknowledgements |
causality assessment ( ca ) , is a method of evaluation used in pharmacovigilance to find out the relationship between drugs exposed and reported adverse drug reactions ( adr ) .
it includes , finding the temporal relationship between drugs and reported adr , dechallenge , rechallenge , clinical and pathological charac... | aim : dechallenge is a response observed for the reduction or disappearance of adverse drug reactions ( adr ) on withdrawal of a drug from a patient . currently available algorithms to detect dechallenge have limitations .
hence , there is a need to compare available new methods . to detect dechallenge in spontaneou... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
None
Related Works
Data Mining Model
The Algorithms Used
Improved Naive Bayes
Results
Discussion
Conclusions |
metformin is a first - line drug in the pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes . apart from the low cost , good efficacy , and beneficial effects on body weight ,
several studies have reported association of vitamin b12 deficiency in type 2 diabetes patients treated with metformin .
the reported vitamin b12 deficiency in t... | context : there are limited data about the effect of metformin use on serum vitamin b12 levels in type 2 diabetes patients from india.aims:we studied serum vitamin b12 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were receiving metformin and compared them to those never treated with metformin.subjects and meth... | I
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Conflicts of interest |
to report a case of visually significant band keratopathy associated with ocular inflammation and systemic hypercalcemia which markedly decreased in severity after treatment of these underlying factors .
a 53-year - old asian female with granulomatous panuveitis in the left eye presented with diffuse band keratopathy t... | purposeto report a case of visually significant band keratopathy associated with ocular inflammation and systemic hypercalcemia which markedly decreased in severity after treatment of these underlying factors.methodsretrospective case report.resultsa 53-year - old asian female with granulomatous panuveitis in the left... | Purpose
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Introduction
Case report
Discussion |
unilateral vestibular hypofunction ( uvh ) is a vestibular disorder in which a total or
partial decrease in vestibular function is observed , which is characterized by abnormally
reduced responses to the caloric test unilaterally .
disorders , such as vestibular
schwannoma , vestibular neuritis , infections , and... | [ purpose ] this study investigated to determine whether the sideways stepping test ( sst )
is a useful test to detect unilateral vestibular hypofunction ( uvh ) . [ subjects and
methods ] twenty - eight subjects including both male and females between the ages of 25 and
55 who had been diagnosed with uvh were r... | INTRODUCTION
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
the most radical example is natural - orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery ( notes ) , which intentionally disrupts a healthy organ to gain access to a diseased organ , thus avoiding incising the abdominal wall .
notes has been performed successfully in a wide range of abdominal surgical procedures , including chole... | background and objectives : natural - orifice approaches for nephrectomy have included access via the stomach , vagina , bladder , and rectum . recently , the feasibility of using the ureter as a natural orifice for natural - orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery nephrectomy has been demonstrated in a nonsurvival po... | INTRODUCTION
METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
cervical spondylotic myelopathy ( csm ) and cervical spondylotic radiculopathy ( csr ) are classically approached by anterior single or multiple disc space decompression [ 1 , 2 ] , multilevel corpectomy , laminectomy [ 410 ] , or laminoplasty [ 1118 ] .
more recently , techniques using lateral multiple oblique corpect... |
background . the authors describe a lateral approach to the cervical spine for the management of spondylotic myeloradiculopathy .
the rationale for this approach and surgical technique are discussed , as well as the advantages , disadvantages , complications , and pitfalls based on the author 's experience over th... | 1. Introduction
2. Technique Indication
3. Inclusion-Exclusion Criteria
4. Surgical Technique
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions |
the importance of community - based health education in undergraduate curricula has been validated in medical education and practice.(12 ) the current shift of emphasis from curative to preventive medicine makes community - based medical education of utmost importance .
even though only a small proportion of medical gr... | background : the faculty of medicine , university of colombo , has an integrated curriculum in which teaching of public health takes place through a series of modules which span the full five - year study programme.aim:to assess final year medical student perceptions regarding the public health curriculum and to ident... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Design
Participants
Data collection
Statistical analysis
Ethical considerations
Results
The general view of students regarding public health
Student perceptions on community-based learning
Student views regarding the research project
Perceptions regarding the introductory phase and fi... |
american ginseng ( panax quinquefolium ) is an important medicinal plant belonging to the araliaceae family .
it is native to the hardwood - forested regions of the eastern part of north america , but it has been successfully cultivated in new zealand , china , australia , holland , france , and poland ( koodziej et al... | panax quinquefolium , american ginseng , is valued for its triterpene saponins , known as ginsenosides .
these constituents possess a number of pharmacological properties and hairy root cultures can synthesize similar saponins to those of field - cultivated roots .
the antibacterial activity of extracts from three... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions |
aki is associated with short - term morbidity , a long - term risk of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) and cardiovascular events and decreases survival [ 38 ] .
hospitalized patients , particularly those with comorbidities and those undergoing complex procedures are at high risk for developing aki [ 7 , 9 ] . despite inc... | acute kidney injury ( aki ) is a common consequence of systemic illness or injury and it complicates several forms of major surgery .
two major difficulties have hampered progress in aki research and clinical management .
aki is difficult to detect early and its pathogenesis is still poorly understood .
we recen... | INTRODUCTION
WHY ARE BIOMARKERS NEEDED?
DISCOVERY AND VALIDATION OF CELL-CYCLE ARREST MARKERS
CLINICAL APPLICATION OF AKI BIOMARKERS
TWO SIDES TO CELL-CYCLE ARREST
CONCLUSIONS
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT |
smoking is one of the important risk factors and also one of the increasing factors of diseases in the world , especially chronic and noncommunicable diseases such as heart diseases , cardiovascular , respiratory , cancer , and stroke .
it is regarded as one of the health problems and an obstacle to be healthy in some ... | background : smoking is one of the most important risk factors for health and also health problems , such as heart diseases , especially for young people .
this study aimed to investigate the effect of factors related to smoking among the secondary high school students in the city of marivan ( kurdistan - iran ) , i... | Introduction
Methods
Study design
Data collection instrument
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Limitations
Conclusions
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
kinked silicon nanowires with nanofets encoded near the kink were synthesized using gold nanocluster catalyzed vapor - liquid - solid growth method as previously described .
probe fabrication was carried out on si substrates ( nova electronic materials , flower mound , tx ) with 600 nm sio2 coated with 100 nm ni , whic... | recording intracellular bioelectrical signals is central to understanding the fundamental behaviour of cells and cell - networks in , for example , neural and cardiac systems14 .
the standard tool for intracellular recording , the patch - clamp micropipette5 is widely applied , yet remains limited in terms of reduci... | Methods Summary
Supplementary Material |
trichomoniasis , caused by parasitic protozoan trichomonas vaginalis , is the most common non - viral sexually transmitted infection ( sti ) .
diagnosis of t. vaginalis infection based solely on clinical symptoms and signs is unreliable because the spectrum of infection is broad and other sexually transmitted pathogens... | background : diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis vaginalis infection based solely on clinical symptoms and signs is unreliable because the spectrum of infection is broad and other sexually transmitted pathogens cause similar signs and symptoms.aims:our study was undertaken to study the frequency of t. vaginalis infecti... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
interocclusal recording materials are used to transfer the interocclusal relationship from patient mouth to the lab .
these are impression plaster , compound wax , resin , metal oxide paste , rubber base , and silicone materials .
any inaccuracy in the interocclusal record leads to occlusal errors in the final prosthes... | objective : to evaluate and compare the effect of 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate , 1% sodium hypochlorite , and 2% glutaraldehyde by immersion and spray atomization technique on the linear dimensional stability of jet bite , aluwax and ramitec interocclusal recording materials.materials and methods : three representativ... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Manipulation of polyvinylsiloxane bite registration material
Manipulation of Aluwax bite registration material
Manipulation of polyether bite material
Preparation of samples
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Clinical implications
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
approximately one third of patients with renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) have metastatic disease at the time of initial diagnosis ( synchronous metastatic disease ) , and 40% to 50% will develop distant metastases after the initial diagnosis .
synchronous metastasis of rcc to the ureter or the bladder , however , is extre... | renal cell carcinoma is an uncommon source of bladder metastases . here
we report a case of renal cell carcinoma that metastasized to the bladder .
a 73-year - old woman complained of gross hematuria .
abdominopelvic computerized tomography showed a bladder mass and a heterogenous enhancing mass in the lower pol... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
moyamoya disease ( mmd ) is an infrequent disease that is characterized by progressive occlusive or stenotic lesions at the distal portions of internal carotid arteries and an aberrant vascular network at the base of the brain that resembles puffs of smoke on angiography .
mmd has captured increasing and intensive at... | objective : the aim of this study was to help people comprehensively understand the research advances related to ring finger protein 213 ( rnf213 ) in moyamoya disease ( mmd ) and to understand the disease at the molecular level to provide a new perspective of the diagnosis of the disease.data sources : this review wa... | I
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Conflicts of interest |
a 48-year - old chinese female was admitted to department of oncological surgery ( zhejiang cancer hospital , hangzhou ) with left upper abdominal pain , accompanying with belching and weight loss of 2.5 kg over the previous 3 months .
prior to this presentation , she had been healthy , without any previous medical ill... | primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma ( mfh ) of the spleen is extremely rare . since the first description of primary splenic mfh reported by govoni et al in 1982 , to the best of our knowledge ,
only 13 cases of mfh of the spleen have been reported in the english language literature in medline .
we herein repor... | Case Report
Discussion
Conclusion
Authors Contributions |
among striking developments in history writing towards the end of the twentieth century were the moves to the spatial and the visual in the reconstruction of historical consciousness . global history , accelerated through american hype on
globalisation , and visual culture studies propelled by society s increasing r... | drawing on recent visual and spatial turns in history writing , this paper considers aids posters from the perspective of their museum
afterlife as collected material objects .
museum spaces serve changing political and epistemological projects , and the visual objects they house are not immune from them . a rece... | Introduction
The Hamburg Exhibition
Aesthetic Framing
Re-picturing AIDS
Conclusion |
single - fiber electromyography ( sfemg ) was introduced by stlberg and ekstedt in the 1960s to study neuromuscular junction transmission failure .
the single - fiber needle ( sfn ) electrodes were designed to study single muscle fiber over small hemispheric recording area with a radius of about 300 m . however ,
sfn e... | background : single - fiber electromyography ( sfemg ) has been suggested as a quantitative method for supporting chronic partial denervation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) by the revised ei escorial criteria .
although concentric needle ( cn ) electrodes have been used to assess jitter in myasthenia gravi... | I
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Subjects
Single-fiber electromyography studies
Statistical analysis
R
D
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
follicular lymphoma is the most common subtype of non - hodgkin s lymphoma ( nhl ) 1
2 .
gastrointestinal follicular lymphoma mainly comprises scattered small whitish nodules , mass lesions and polyps , while other signs are exceedingly rare .
the recent development of enteroscopy devices , such as double - balloon e... | a 72-year - old woman presented with symptomatic anemia without abdominal symptoms .
she had no history of abdominal surgery or use of non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs .
enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen revealed swelling of multiple intraperitoneal lymph nodes and a high density of mesenteric a... | Background
Case report
Discussion |
to report on a case of keratoconjunctivitis with periorbital edema after accidental exposure to undiluted juice of ecballium elaterium fruit during the ripening season of this plant .
keratoconjunctivitis with descemet 's membrane folds and superficial upper corneal well - defined edematous areas were noted after an ec... | purposeto report on a case of keratoconjunctivitis with periorbital edema after accidental exposure to undiluted juice of ecballium elaterium fruit during the ripening season of this plant.methodscase report.resultskeratoconjunctivitis with descemet 's membrane folds and superficial upper corneal well - defined edemat... | Purpose
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Case Report
Discussion
Conclusion |
cmm is highly characteristic of aggressive invasion , early metastasis , and resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy , which results in increased incidence and mortality worldwide . despite improvements in early cmm diagnosis ,
therefore , better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cmm tumorigenesis and pro... | backgroundthe aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using serum mir-221 as a noninvasive prognostic biomarker for cutaneous malignant melanoma ( cmm).material / methodswe measured the expression levels of mir-221 in serum samples from 72 cmm patients and 54 healthy controls by real - time quantitativ... | Background
Material and Methods
Patients and serum samples
miRNA extraction and quantitative RT-PCR analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
Increased miR-221 expression level in CMM patients and its relationship with clinicopathological variables
Expression of miR-221 in serum samples in relation to prognosis of CMM pati... |
acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding ( ugib ) is a common and potentially life - threatening emergency facing clinicians with an overall annual incidence of approximately 100 hospital admissions per 100,000 population .
peptic ulcer bleeding is a common medical emergency accounting for 50%70% of cases of acute nonvari... | background : acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common and potentially life - threatening emergency with substantial mortality . fresh frozen plasma ( ffp ) , a good source of coagulation factors , might be an ideal injection agent based on its physiologic properties . therefore , we evaluated the role of ffp ... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest
AUTHORS CONTRIBUTION |
the gastrointestinal tract ( gi ) is a common site of presentation for extranodal lymphomas , which comprise between 5 and 10% of all primary gi neoplasms .
the commonest type of primary gi lymphoma is diffuse large b - cell lymphoma , which is a type of non - hodgkin 's lymphoma and accounts for about 45% of all cases... | mucosa - associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma ( maltoma ) is a subtype of b - cell non - hodgkin 's lymphoma , comprising 17% of all gastrointestinal ( gi ) tract lymphomas .
it is associated with chronic inflammation and autoimmunity , for example helicobacter pylori gastritis and sjogren 's syndrome , respectively ... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Conclusion
Statement of Ethics
Disclosure Statement |
epidemic keratoconjunctivitis ( ekc ) is an acute infection of the eye caused by adenovirus , of which several different types have been implicated .
common manifestations of this infection include inflammation of the conjunctivae , edema of the eyelid , pain , photophobia , and blurred vision .
transmission may occur ... | epidemic keratoconjunctivitis ( ekc ) is an acute eye infection caused by adenovirus .
we investigated an outbreak of ekc at an outpatient ophthalmology practice in the context of a suspected community wide increase in ekc activity .
a site visit was made to the facility reporting the outbreak .
a line list was ... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Investigation of practice A
Survey of outpatient ophthalmology clinics
Results
Investigation of practice A
Survey of outpatient clinics in the community
Discussion |
prone positioning is widely used to improve oxygenation of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) . in the previous issue , robak and colleagues report the short - term impact of combining two positioning strategies , prone and upright positioning . although randomized controlled trials failed to de... | positional strategies have been proposed for mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome . despite different physiological mechanisms involved , oxygenation improvement has been demonstrated with both prone and upright positions . in the previous issue of critical care , robak and
colle... | None
Abbreviations
Competing interests |
protein - energy malnutrition ( pem ) is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) patients on hemodialysis ( hd ) [ 14 ] .
low serum albumin and transferrin are surrogate markers of pem , with low serum albumin being one of the most commonly used in ckd .
the progressive deterioration of kidney function in ck... |
objective .
the expedited 10 g protein counter ( ep-10 ) is a quick and valid clinical tool for dietary protein quantification .
this study aims to assess the clinical effectiveness of the ep-10 in improving serum albumin and transferrin in chronic hemodialysis patients .
methods .
forty - five patients wit... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
5. Discussion |
cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) , part of herpesviridae genus , is a common virus , with positive serology found in more than two - thirds of the population .
however , the virus remains latent in immunocompetent individuals , while reactivation may occur in the setting of immunosuppression .
cmv is known to be opportunistic i... | highlightsgastrointestinal cytomegalovirus infections can occur in immunocompetent patients.diagnosis relies on histopathologic examination of endoscopic biopsy specimen.early recognition and antiviral treatment are important to patient outcome.cytomegalovirus duodenitis has significant potential to be life - threaten... | Introduction
Presentation of case
Outcome and follow-up
Discussion
Conclusion
Conflicts of interest
Funding sources
Ethical approval
Consent
Author contributions
Registration of research studies
Guarantor |
there are different types of pediatric renal tumors , like wilms tumor ( wt ) , mesoblastic nephroma , multicystic nephroma , clear cell sarcoma , rhabdoid tumor , nephroblastomatosis , intrarenal neuroblastoma , etc . among these ,
wt or nephroblastoma is the most common one ( 85% ) . it is seen primarily in infants ,... | context : the spectrum of pediatric renal tumors is different from adult renal tumors , and wilms tumor ( wt ) forms the majority . the histological type and clinicopathological staging are the two important prognostic parameters .
the role of newer prognostic factors is not clear.aims:this study was performed to an... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
DISCUSSION |
significant pulmonary disease occurs in the majority of cf patients , manifested as a progressive cough , increased dyspnea and decline in lung function caused by acute and chronic infection and inflammation in the airways . with advances in therapy and a multidisciplinary approach ,
life expectancy has increased drama... | summarybackgroundtreatment of respiratory exacerbations in cystic fibrosis ( cf ) is important in slowing disease progression .
the treatment may be given either at home or at the hospital .
the aim of our study was to compare both treatment settings.material/methodswe retrospectively analyzed data of 139 treatmen... | Background
Material and Methods
Subjects
Study design
Spirometry
Analysis of data
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusions |
diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) , and the number of individuals requiring chronic dialysis or renal transplantation is still increasing in most countries .
both urinary albumin excretion and estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) are independently associated wit... |
introduction . there is no report about risk factors for renal deterioration according to the clinical stage , divided by the estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) in type 2 diabetes .
materials and methods .
we evaluated the factors correlated with the annual egfr decline in 1303 subjects with type 2 di... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
patients < 5 years of age who were admitted for lrti to the pediatric intensive care unit ( picu ) of wilhelmina children s hospital , utrecht , the netherlands , were enrolled from october through may during 20052008 .
patients were excluded if they had any of the following : asthma exacerbation , immunocompromised st... | we evaluated the prevalence of human bocavirus and ki and wu polyomaviruses in pediatric intensive care patients with and without lower respiratory tract infection ( lrti ) .
the prevalence of these viruses was 5.1% , 0% , and 2.6% , respectively , in children with lrti and 4.8% , 4.8% , and 2.4% , respectively , in... | The Study
Conclusions |
in mammalian germ cells , reactive oxygen species ( ros ) production , including hydrogen peroxide ( h2o2 ) , superoxide anion ( o2
) , and/or hydroxyl radical ( oh ) , has been shown to be a physiological event required for maturation , capacitation , acrosomal reaction of spermatozoa , binding with the zona pelluci... | backgroundnitric oxide ( no ) is synthesized from l - arginine by a family of enzymes known as nitric oxide synthases .
low concentrations of no is essential in biology and physiology of spermatozoa , but high amounts of no is toxic and has negative effects on sperm functions .
moreover , sperm membrane contains h... | Introduction
Methods
Sperm lipid peroxidation determination
Sperm NO analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
health care administrators have experienced a significant increase in the cost of treatment due to the costly new biologic therapies tumor necrosis factor alpha ( tnf ) inhibitors and other biologic agents . due to this challenge , in 2006 , the ministry of health and care services and norwegian directorate of health t... | objective : costly biologic therapies have improved function and quality of life for patients suffering from rheumatic and inflammatory bowel diseases . in this survey , we aimed to document and analyze the costs.methods:in 2008 , the total costs of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors and other biologic agents in n... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Statistical analysis and authorization
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
back pain
disorders , followed by more than 3 months of physical inactivity , lead to a reduction in
spinal alignment and deformation of musculoskeletal structures , due to the negative effects
on bone mineral density , decreases in muscle strength and muscle atrophy . indeed ,
the contractions of the transverse ... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of lumbar stability exercises on
chronic low back pain by using sling exercise and push - ups .
[ subjects ] thirty adult
subjects with chronic back pain participated , with 10 adults being assigned to each of 3
exercise groups : general physical ... | INTRODUCTION
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
sensory gating , which is often described as an ability to filter out irrelevant information that is repeated in close temporal proximity , is essential for the selection , processing , and storage of more salient information [ 13 ] . on the one hand
, it protects the brain from an overload of sensory information . on ... | backgroundsensory gating , often described as the ability to filter out irrelevant information that is repeated in close temporal proximity , is essential for the selection , processing , and storage of more salient information .
this study aimed to test the effect of sensory gating under anesthesia in the prefronta... | Background
Material and Methods
Subjects
Apparatus for electroencephalogram recording
Stimulus paradigm
Data analysis
Drugs and doses
Statistical analysis
Results
Effects of bromocriptine administration on the PFC
Effects of administration of haloperidol in the PFC
The effects of administration of bromocriptine in cont... |
the determination of cytotoxicity is part of the initial evaluation process stipulated by iso standards .
however , it is not only the absence of a toxic effect that describes the term biocompatibility , but also the presence of a positive influence in terms of biofunctionality ( e.g. , promotion of wound healing ) .
c... | biocompatibility is one of the main requirements for the safe use of medical devices .
determination of cytotoxicity is part of the initial evaluation stipulated by iso standards for the biological evaluation of medical devices .
the use of cell cultures to test the biocompatibility of drugs , biomaterials or trea... | Introduction
Measurement of cell and tissue compatibility
Determination of regeneration processes
Assessment of the potential of testing physical wound treatment techniques |
liver ischemia and reperfusion ( i / r)-induced injury is a major complication associated with hemorrhagic or endotoxin shock and thermal injury as well as liver transplantation and resectional surgery . the vast majority of studies performed in experimental animals have used in situ models of liver i / r suggesting th... | liver ischemia and reperfusion - induced injury is a major clinical complication associated with hemorrhagic or endotoxin shock and thermal injury as well as liver transplantation and resectional surgery .
data obtained from several different studies suggest that an important initiating event in the pathophysiology ... | Introduction
Ischemia and Reperfusion Increases Reactive Oxygen Production, Decreases Nitric Oxide Bioavailability and Alters the Redox State of the Liver:
Superoxide is the major ROS involved in post-ischemic liver injury
Role of Leukocytes in I/R Injury
Suppression of I/R-Induced Liver Damage by Endogenous or Exogen... |
the presence of microorganisms in the root canal system plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis .
the elimination of all microorganisms from the root canal system is accomplished by mechanical instrumentation supported by various irrigating solutions and placement of intracanal medications ... | objectives : this study comparatively evaluated the efficacy of self - adjusting file ( saf ) , endovac , and canalbrush irrigant agitation protocols in removing calcium hydroxide ( ca(oh)2 ) from the root canals.materials and methods : sixty extracted human mandibular canine teeth were instrumented with protaper rota... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
a central aim of untargeted metabolomics and metabonomics studies is the identification of marker metabolites which play a crucial role in the experimental context [ 1 , 2 ] .
mass spectrometry combined with either gas chromatography ( gc / ms ) or liquid chromatography ( lc / ms ) has become a key technology for metab... | statistical ranking , filtering , adduct detection , isotope correction , and molecular formula calculation are essential tasks in processing mass spectrometry data in metabolomics studies . in order to obtain high - quality data sets , a framework which incorporates all these methods is required .
we present the ma... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions |
the current standard of care for neovascular age - related macular degeneration ( namd ) is treatment with agents ( such as ranibizumab ) that inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) , a potent angiogenic mediator associated with age - dependent choroidal neovascularization.1 ranibizumab was approved for us... | purposeaura was an international , retrospective , observational study that monitored the real - life use and effectiveness of ranibizumab injections in patients with neovascular age - related macular degeneration ( namd ) .
this paper reports the findings from the uk.methodspatients who started treatment with ranib... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Study design and participants
Assessments
Statistical analysis
Results
Participants
Change in visual acuity over time
Resource utilization
Discontinuations (UK cohort)
Discussion
Ethical approval
Supplementary material |
implant - supported oral rehabilitation has provided predictable treatment outcomes and elevated the success rate of selected clinical cases in the anterior maxilla.1 however , implant rehabilitation is a complex , challenging , and meticulous procedure for oral surgeons in patients with an unfavorable periodontal biot... | the aim of this clinical report is to describe the complex treatment of an adult class iii malocclusion patient who was disappointed with the outcome of a previous oral rehabilitation .
interdisciplinary treatment planning was performed with a primary indication for implant removal because of marginal bone loss and ... | INTRODUCTION
DIAGNOSIS AND ETIOLOGY
TREATMENT OBJECTIVES
TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES
TREATMENT PROGRESS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
ondansetron hcl is a 5-ht3 receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of postoperative or chemotherapy- or radiotherapy - induced emesis .
the oral bioavailability of ondansetron hcl is almost 59% , and peak plasma about 0.030.04 g / ml is obtained after 1.5 to 2 h of administration . as admin... | ondansetron hcl delivery through oral route suffers due to its low bioavailability due to first - pass metabolism .
therefore , the microemulsion - based transdermal delivery may be a better substitute for it .
the pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed to determine compositions of microemulsions , and onda... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusion |
a large number of patients with depression have incorrect and negative views not only toward antidepressants but depression itself.16 the most common misperception among these patients is that depression is caused only by nonbiological or environmental factors , such as stress or family problems.79 patients also believ... | backgroundmany patients have erroneous views with regard to depression and its management , and it was noted that these attitudes and beliefs significantly affected their adherence rates.objectivesthe primary aim of this study was to determine the attitudes and beliefs of patients with depression toward depression and... | Introduction
Patients and methods
Study instruments
Montgomerysberg Depression Rating Scale
Antidepressant Compliance Questionnaire
Statistical analysis
Ethical approval
Results
Characteristics of study participants
Reliability analysis of ADCQ
Patients attitudes and beliefs
Discussion
Component analysis
Limitations
Co... |
oral melanin pigmentation is a frequently encountered clinical condition and has multifactorial etiology which includes genetic factors , tobacco use , drugs such as antimalarials and tricyclic antidepressants , systemic disorders like addison 's disease , endocrine disturbances , albright 's syndrome , malignant melan... | to highlight the effect of 1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethane ( tfe ) , a new material for cryosurgery of gingival melanin pigmentation ( gmp ) .
five patients were treated using a tfe - cooled swab and the pre- and post - treatment photographs were compared .
complete keratinization took place in 3 - 4 weeks after applica... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
rhabdomyolysis is defined as a clinical and biochemical syndrome resulting from the lysis of skeletal muscle cells .
it usually affects healthy individuals following excessive physical activity , trauma , infections , use of medications or illicit drugs and other toxic agent s consumption .
they result due to an inabil... | very long - chain acyl - coenzyme a dehydrogenase ( vlcad ) deficiency ( mim 201475 ) is a rare inherited disorder with three forms of clinical presentation : a severe early - onset form ; an intermediate form with childhood onset ; and an adult - onset form , of mild severity . during adolescence and adulthood ,
ex... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Conclusions |
pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication reported after any surgery such as orif of fracture , plate removal , ankle or knee arthroscopy or arthroplasty . to our knowledge ,
we report a case of a 18-year - old male patient who had pseudoaneurysm of posterior tibial artery following plate removal .
a 18-year - old male was... | introduction : pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication reported after any surgery such as orif of fracture , plate removal , ankle or knee arthroscopy or arthroplasty . to our knowledge ,
pseudoaneurysms of the posterior tibial artery after tibial plate removal are a rare phenomenon .
we report a case of a 18-year -... | Introduction:
Case Presentation:
Conclusion:
Introduction
Case report
Discussion
Conclusion |
exercise - induced muscle damage occurs after high - intensity resistance and endurance exercise ( santos et al . , 2004 ; veggi et al . ,
exercise - induced muscle damage is classified into primary and the secondary damage ( howatson and van someren , 2008 ) .
primary muscle damage is related to morphological changes ... | muscle damage is induced by both high - intensity resistance and endurance exercise .
creatine is a widely used dietary supplement to improve exercise performance by reducing exercise - induced muscle damage .
many researchers have suggested that taking creatine reduces muscle damage by decreasing the inflammatory... | INTRODUCTION
CREATINE AND EXERCISE-INDUCED MUSCLE DAMAGE
POTENTIAL MECHANISMS OF CREATINE ON EXERCISE-INDUCED MUSCLE DAMAGE
CONCLUSIONS |
in economically developed countries , the human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection is now considered a chronic disease , with life expectancy approaching that of the general population .
management of the hiv - positive pregnant patient should focus on both decreasing the risk of mother to child transmission ( mt... |
objective . to evaluate whether the length of time of rupture of membranes ( rom ) in optimally managed hiv - positive women on highly active antiretroviral therapy ( haart ) with low viral loads ( vl ) is predictive of the risk of mother to child transmission ( mtct ) of the human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) .
... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
the importance of ethical principles guiding research involving human beings have been evident since the code of nuremberg1 ( 1947 ) , which was created with the intention of preventing the repetition of the atrocities committed in illegal experiments conducted by nazi physicians in concentration camp prisoners . since... | introductionit is important to know the reasons for resubmitting research projects to the research ethics committee in order to help researchers to prepare their research projects , informed consent forms and needed research documentation.objectivesto verify the reasons for resubmitting projects that were previously r... | INTRODUCTION
METHOD
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS |
over the past 10 years , the world organisation of family doctors ( wonca ) has benefited from and supported the development of young doctor movements ( ydms ) comprised of individuals within five years of residency completion and family medicine ( fm ) trainees .
increasingly , these groups are reaching out to medical... | background : over the past decade , young doctor movements ( ydms ) have gained recognition for their efforts in promoting the discipline of family medicine . with growth and expansion comes the need for an inquiry into the membership motives of current / intending members.aim and objectives : this study was aimed at ... | Introduction
Objectives
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
though implant dentistry is very successful and predictable in treatment of patients with destroyed dentition , there are some cases with limitations to implant therapy . in these cases ,
a patient with destroyed dentition was rehabilitated with a lateral rotational path removable partial denture . according to the dia... | backgroundthough implant dentistry is very successful and predictable in treatment of patients with destroyed dentition , there are some cases with limitations to implant therapy . in these cases ,
alternative treatment modality should be considered.case descriptiona patient with destroyed dentition was rehabilitate... | BACKGROUND
CASE DESCRIPTION
CLINICAL IMPLICATION
INTRODUCTION
CASE STUDY
CONCLUSION |
diabetes therapies can negatively affect health status / health - related quality of life ( hrqol ) because of regimen complexity or rigidity , fear of injections , hypoglycaemia and fear of hypoglycaemia 1,2 .
thus , reducing hypoglycaemia and providing a more predictable treatment regimen might be expected to improve... | insulin degludec ( ideg ) is a new basal insulin with an ultra - long and stable glucose - lowering effect .
we compared once - daily ideg and insulin glargine ( iglar ) , both in combination with metformin dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors , in a 52-week , open - label , treat - to - target trial in patients wit... | Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conflict of Interest
Author declaration |
preterm birth , defined as birth prior to 37 weeks of gestation , is a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide and has been increasing [ 2 , 3 ] . since 1990 , the number of preterm births has risen by 20% and is even more significant when the increased costs associated with preterm pregnancies ar... | this pilot study investigated the possibility that metabolomic differences exist in second trimester of women delivering at term ( 37 weeks ,
n = 216 ) and preterm ( 35 weeks , n = 11 ) .
for this retrospective study , biobanked af samples underwent near - infrared ( nir ) spectral analysis using wavelengths f... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Conflict of Interests |
chilli peppers ( capsicum annuum l. ) are used in a multitude of food preparations and are marketed in different regions .
the greatest genetic variety of c. annuum l. can be found in mexico , where there are chilli peppers of many different shapes , sizes , and colours , and they are among the most frequently consumed... | the genus capsicum provides antioxidant compounds , such as phenolics and carotenoids , into the diet . in mexico
, there is a wide diversity of species and varieties of chilli peppers , a fruit which has local cultural and gastronomic importance . in the present study ,
the relationship of the carotenoid and phen... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions |
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder that is slow in onset but leads to dementia , unusual behavior , personality changes , and ultimately death .
ad is characterized by the presence of excessive amounts of neuritic plaques containing amyloid protein and abnormal tau protein fi... | alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a gradual decline in memory associated with shrinkage of brain tissue , with localized loss of neurons mainly in the hippocampus and basal forebrain , with diminished level of central cholinergic neurotransmitter - acetylcholine a... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
the use of acid - suppressive medication is rapidly increasing . in the western world , proton pump inhibitors ( ppis ) are second only to statins in expenditures , and antisecretory medication constitutes a substantial part of the medical budget in the denmark and other western countries [ 13 ] . most of the increased... |
objective . to investigate whether patients on long - term antisecretory medication need to continue treatment to control symptoms
. methods . a double - blinded randomised placebo - controlled trial in general practices in denmark .
patients aged 1890 who were treated with antisecretory drugs on a long - term b... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
the development of behavioral addictions ( bas , also referred to as impulse control disorders ) in association with dopamine agonists ( das , commonly used to treat parkinson s disease ) has been reported ( dodd et al . , 2005 ; driver - dunckley , samanta , & stacy , 2003 ; szarfman , doraiswamy , tonning , & levine... | backgroundthe development of behavioral addictions ( bas ) in association with dopamine agonists ( das , commonly used to treat parkinson s disease ) has been reported . a recent report presented data that these associations are evident in the us food and drug administration s ( fda ) adverse event reporting system ( ... | Introduction
Methods
Ethics
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Authors contributions
Conflict of interest |
the findings suggest that it represents a genetically distinct variant of colorectal adenocarcinoma and has implications for the development of targeted therapies and their clinico - pathologic features ( 3 ) .
it is thought that the presence of mucin allows cancer cells to spread faster . as a result , it is considere... | we are reporting two cases with similar appearances on post chemo radiotherapy mri scan of the mucinous adenocarcinoma .
there was high signal on t2-weighted sequences of the mucin pools within and beyond the rectal wall .
does this imply that wall tissues become less resistant to cancer pools intrusion after chem... | INTRODUCTION
CASE PRESENTATION 1
CASE PRESENTATION 2
DISCUSSION |
are currently classified as overweight or obese ( bmi 25 kg / m ) , and one - third of them are frankly obese ( bmi 30 kg / m ) ( 1 ) .
is 26.1 million in 20052010 or 12% of the population ( 2 ) . among u.s .
diabetic patients , the prevalence of overweight or obesity has increased to 80% ( 3 ) .
obesity is associated ... | objectivethe association between obesity and coronary heart disease ( chd ) risk remains debatable , and no studies have assessed this association among diabetic patients . the aim of our study was to investigate the association between bmi and chd risk among patients with type 2 diabetes.research design and methodsth... | Introduction
Research Design and Methods
Study Population
Baseline Measurements
Prospective Follow-up
Statistical Analyses
Results
Conclusions |
root tears are a subset of meniscal injuries , which have become increasingly recognized as a cause of pain and impaired mobility .
the root serves as the anchor point for the menisci . occurring on either the medial or lateral meniscus
, root tears refer to a radial tear or avulsion at the posterior horn attachment to... | a rare case of acute avulsion of both posterior meniscal roots concomitant with an acute anterior cruciate ligament ( acl ) tear in a professional soccer player is described .
while avulsion of the lateral meniscal root has been extensively reported in association with acl injuries , medial root avulsion has never b... | Introduction
Case report
Discussion |
spinal meningiomas are common , comprising 25 - 46% of primary intra - spinal tumors7 ) .
they affect mostly female patients , and the average age of patients is about 50 years7,15,23,24 ) .
spinal meningiomas are located in the intra - dural and extramedullary spaces , and typically adhere to the dura matter7,15 ) . t... | spinal meningiomas typically adhere to the dura matter . non
- dural based spinal meningiomas are rare and most are clear cell meningiomas .
we report here the first case of a fibrous meningioma with non - dural attachment .
the patient was a 49-year - old female , who complained of numbness in the legs and a ga... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
conformer generation has been a topic of considerable interest to the modeling community for a number of years , and a large number of methods for conformer generation have been presented .
these methods have utilized a wide variety of approaches to the problem , including systematic enumeration , knowledge - based rul... | here , we present the algorithm and validation for omega , a systematic , knowledge - based conformer generator .
the algorithm consists of three phases : assembly of an initial 3d structure from a library of fragments ; exhaustive enumeration of all rotatable torsions using values drawn from a knowledge - based lis... | Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
the genus penicillium comprises a large number of ubiquitous filamentous fungi , of which some are involved in human infections , ranging from mild to severe infections , especially in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) , patients with underlying diseases , and intravenous drug abusers ( 1 ) .
... | background : the genus penicillium contains a large number of ubiquitous environmental taxa , of which some species are clinically important .
identification of penicillium down to the species level is currently based on polyphasic criteria , including phenotypic features and genetic markers .
biodiversity of the ... | 1. Background
2. Objectives
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Fungal Strains
3.2. Morphological Identification and Cultural Characterization
3.3. Molecular Characterization
3.4. Alignment and Phylogenetic Reconstruction
4. Results
4.1. Morphological Identification and Cultural Characterization
4.2. Results of BT2 Amplifica... |
root - end filling materials are in contact with periradicular tissues , so they should have good sealing ability and be biocompatible to promote healing . because many of these materials are not able to ensure a perfect seal , a microscopic space is likely to create at the root - end cavity / filling interface , throu... | aim : the purpose of the study is to evaluate and compare the biological and chemical - physical properties of four different root - end filling materials.materials and methods : cytotoxicity towards murine odontoblasts cells ( mdpc-23 ) was evaluated using the transwell insert methodology by alamar blue test .
stre... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cytotoxicity assay
Antibacterial test
Solubility evaluations
pH measurements
Radiopacity
DXA Measurements
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
copd is a progressive disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation , chronic and progressive dyspnea , cough , and sputum production and is often complicated by exacerbations.1 copd affects approximately 24 million us adults , including 12.7 million diagnosed patients and 12 million undiagnosed , and is the t... | backgroundroflumilast is approved in the united states to reduce the risk of copd exacerbations in patients with severe copd .
exacerbation rates , health care resource utilization ( hcru ) , and costs were compared between roflumilast patients and those receiving other copd maintenance drugs.methodslifelink health ... | Introduction
Methods
Study design and data source
Patient selection
Study measures
Statistical analyses
Results
Patient sample
COPD regimens exposed on the index date
Exacerbations
Health care resource utilization
Health care costs
Discussion
Conclusion
Supplementary material |
the prevalence of obesity in early childhood has shown some signs of decreasing ; however , for the hispanic population , it continues to remain high , estimated at 16.7% for 25-year - old hispanic children in the united states , double that of the general population .
there are few effective interventions that have en... |
objective . to assess the feasibility of a parent mentor model of intervention for early childhood obesity using positive deviance - based methods to inform the intervention
. methods . in this pilot ,
randomized clinical trial , parent - child dyads ( age : 25 ) with children whose body mass index ( bmi ) was 9... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
leptospirosis commonly presents as an acute illness occurring in a biphasic pattern of fever followed by an afebrile period and again fever with organ involvement .
neurological involvement ( neuroleptospirosis ) is rare . among the several manifestations of neural involvement ,
myeloradiculopathy , myelopathy , cerebe... | leptospirosis , a disease of great significance in tropical countries , presents commonly as a biphasic illness with acute febrile episode in the first phase followed by a brief afebrile period and then by the second phase of fever with or without jaundice and renal failure .
however , it has varied manifestations a... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Conclusion |
any variation in root canal morphology should be recognized before or during root canal treatment .
an untreated canal , which a clinician fails to detect , may be a cause of failure .
various methods to assess the internal anatomy of root canal systems are : ( i ) conventional radiographs ( ii ) canal staining and too... | objective : the aim of this study was to investigate the root and canal morphology of maxillary third molars in central india population using cone - beam computed tomography ( cbct ) analysis.materials and methods : cbct images of 116 maxillary third molars were observed , and data regarding the number of roots , the... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
the first line therapeutic modality for non - surgical patients with large and multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) who do not have vascular invasion or extrahepatic spread is transcatheter arterial chemoembolization ( tace ) .
however , transcatheter arterial radioembolization ( tare ) with yttrium-90 ( y)-labe... | transcatheter arterial radioembolization ( tare ) with yttrium-90 ( 90y)-labeled microspheres has an emerging role in treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma .
although complication of tare can be minimized by aggressive pre - evaluation angiography and preventive coiling of aberrant vessels... | INTRODUCTION
CASE
DISCUSSION |
the theme of infanticide
has received increasing attention from historians in recent years . reasons for this growing interest include curiosity into the daily lives of poor women , and also the sharp contrast between a strong ideology of motherhood and a crime that seems to completely contradict the image of matern... | this article aims to explain why the notion of mania puerperalis , or puerperal insanity , was not used in the netherlands to exonerate women accused of infanticide , in contrast to other countries .
it applies the concept of travelling knowledge as an approach to the history of forensic medicine , pointing to the ... | Introduction
Dutch Laws on Infanticide
Puerperal Insanity and Travelling Knowledge
Court Cases of Infanticide
Expert Opinion and Affect
Conclusion |
osteosarcoma ( os ) is the most frequently diagnosed malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents , and about half of the cases have lesions localized in the distal femur and proximal tibia .
the incidence of os is estimated to be about three to five cases / million / year , accounting for about 5% of childhood mal... | backgroundit is known that mirnas play various roles in malignant tumors .
this study is designed to investigate whether mir-125b levels can be used to predict the clinical response of patients with osteosarcoma ( os ) to cisplatin - based chemotherapy.methodsfrom january 2010 to july 2015 , 82 patients with resecta... | Introduction
Patients and methods
Ethical considerations
Patients and samples
Sample collection, RNA isolation and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
Patients characteristics
miR-125b expression profile in the resectable OS group
miR-125b expression profile in the unresectable OS... |
a 36-year - old , previously healthy , asian woman ( gravida 2 , para 1 ) at 19 weeks gestation with a low - lying placenta traveled in late february from the united states to hong kong with her husband and child . before departing from the united states ,
the patient had been complaining of a mild , intermittent cough... | we report a laboratory - confirmed case of severe acute respiratory syndrome ( sars ) in a pregnant woman .
although the patient had respiratory failure , a healthy infant was subsequently delivered , and the mother is now well .
there was no evidence of viral shedding at delivery .
antibodies to sars virus were... | Case Report
Conclusions |
renewable chemical fuels can be synthesized through solardriven electro , photo , and thermochemical splitting of co2 and h2o.1 the latter approach utilizes the entire spectrum of concentrated solar radiation as hightemperature process heat for the production of co and h2 ( syngas ) via metal oxide redox cycles.1b , 2... | abstractseparation and concentration of o2 from gas mixtures is central to several sustainable energy technologies , such as solardriven synthesis of liquid hydrocarbon fuels from co2 , h2o , and concentrated sunlight .
we introduce a rationale for designing metal oxide redox materials for oxygen separation through ... | Introduction
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
Experimental Section |
his vision , leadership , and hard work established the procedure of using the liver as a site for successful islet transplantation .
the transplants normalized glycemia in rats previously made diabetic by streptozotocin injection ( 2 ) .
as he and his colleagues began publishing manuscripts , it did not take long for ... | alloislet transplantation for the treatment of type 1 diabetes enjoyed highly favorable status in the first half of the last decade but declined in favor during the second half .
in this perspective , i will briefly review the literature published in this area from 2000 to 2010 for the purposes of extracting lessons... | Lessons learned.
Partial failure or partial success?
Strategies to top off the half-full glass
Fully evaluate islet function before and after transplantation.
Improve methods of islet preparation.
Consider nonhepatic sites for transplantation.
Take full advantage of -cell function in transplanted islets.
Bridge to the ... |
it can occur in every organ of the body , including the gall bladder , gastrointestinal tract , skin , appendix , kidney , and lung .
caesarean section endometriosis is a rare event , with an incidence of 0.03 - 0.47% .
we , hereby , report a case of endometriosis in a caesarean section scar , which was initially misdi... | endometriosis is a common gynaecological condition that usually presents as an abdominal lump .
it can be a diagnostic dilemma and should be considered as a differential diagnosis for lumps in the abdomen in females .
we discuss a case of abdominal wall endometriosis following caesarean section , which was misdiag... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
immunoglobulin ( ig ) g4-related sclerosing disease is an immunoglobulin deposition disease characterized by infiltration of organs by igg4-positive plasma cells .
manifestations include retroperitoneal fibrosis , dacryoadenitis , sialadenitis , thyroiditis , pneumonitis , pancreatitis , sclerosing cholangitis , tubulo... | immunoglobulin ( ig ) g4-related sclerosing disease is a newly defined clinicopathological entity characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of igg4-positive plasma cells and varying degrees of fibrosis within affected tissues .
patients usually exhibit multisystem involvement and often respond well to steroid ... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
spontaneous esophageal perforation ( boerhaave 's syndrome ) was first described by hermann boerhaave in 1724 ; it can easily prove fatal if the diagnosis is delayed more than 24 h after onset , although the mortality has improved recently .
it has been reported that chest x - ray , endoscopic examination , enhanced es... | spontaneous esophageal perforation is relatively uncommon , but carries a high mortality rate if diagnosis or treatment is delayed .
we report the case of a 68-year - old man with spontaneous esophageal perforation who was successfully treated over 96 h after onset by thoracic drainage and jejunostomy for enteral nu... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Disclosure Statement |
physical activities can preserve brain function and improve
blood flow and oxygen transfer2 as well as
slow the loss of hippocampal formational tissue in the aging brain .
because of its unique three - dimensional movement , horseback riding has been applied as a
physical therapy to stimulate movement to maintain... | [ purpose ] this study investigated the effect of horseback riding exercise on the
background electroencephalograms of elderly people who performed horseback riding for 8
weeks .
[ subjects ] twenty elderly people were divided into the horseback riding exercise
and control group ( n = 10 each ) . [ methods ]
... | INTRODUCTION
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
adaptive immunity is based on the recognition of specific molecular structures , named epitopes , by either antibodies / b cell receptors or t cell receptors .
antibodies and b cell receptors bind a wide variety of structures , including proteins and carbohydrates . in the case of protein ligands , antibodies can recog... | accurate measurement of b and t cell responses is a valuable tool to study autoimmunity , allergies , immunity to pathogens , and host - pathogen interactions and assist in the design and evaluation of t cell vaccines and immunotherapies . in this context
, it is desirable to elucidate a method to select validated r... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions |
renal cell carcinoma , which accounts for approximately 3% of all adult cancers , has a tendency to metastasize , commonly to the lungs , bones , liver , adrenal glands and brain .
metastases to the breast from extramammary tumours are uncommon and metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the breast is extremely rare account... | breast is an uncommon and rare site for metastasis .
primary and secondary tumors of the breast need to be differentiated as management is different .
we present a 67 year old female patient with two breast lumps and an axillary lymph node , 5 years after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) .
mammogram ... | Introduction
Case report
Histological section (
Discussion
In summary |
the tumor was named aggressive due to its characteristically slow and insidious growth as well as carrying a moderate - to - high risk of local relapse .
usually , it presents as a vulval polyp clinically and is diagnosed only on histopathology .
it is a rare local mesenchymal tumor of unknown etiology usually affectin... | aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare , locally invasive mesenchymal tumor predominantly presenting in women of reproductive age and also having a moderate - to - high risk for local relapse .
hence , it needs to be differentiated from other mesenchymal tumors occurring in this region .
we present here a case of a 40-y... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
esophageal cancer ( ec ) is one of the most fatal types of cancer wordwide , with 455,800 new cases and 400,200 deaths in 2012 .
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( escc ) is the predominant type in china , in contrast to the predominance of esophageal adenocarcinoma in the western countries , which covers more than 9... | abstractthe aim of the study was to determine the prognostic role of systemic immune - inflammation index ( sii ) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( escc).a total of 298 escc patients were enrolled in the current retrospective study .
the sii was calculated by the formula : neutrophil platelet ... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
briefly , two cases , both with meningitis , occurred in young adults , who recovered .
the remaining three cases , two with bacteremic pneumonia and one with septicemia , were in elderly patients , who died .
however , the towns they lived in were quite distant , and the patients were admitted to different hospitals i... | we describe the first reported cases of invasive type e haemophilus influenzae disease in italy .
all five cases occurred in adults .
the isolates were susceptible to ampicillin and eight other antimicrobial agents .
molecular analysis showed two distinct type e strains circulating in italy , both containing a s... | The Study
Conclusions |
recent advances in endoscopic resection techniques , such as endoscopic submucosal dissection ( esd ) , allow for en bloc curative resection of early gastric cancers ( egcs ) with a minimal risk of lymph node metastasis ( lnm ) , regardless of tumor size or presence of submucosal fibrosis .
esd has several merits over ... | endoscopic submucosal dissection ( esd ) enables en bloc curative resection of early gastric cancers ( egcs ) with a negligible risk of lymph node metastasis ( lnm ) .
although esd for egcs with absolute and expanded indications is safe , the results differ between egcs with specialized and common histologies .
eg... | INTRODUCTION
PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA
GASTRIC CARCINOMA WITH LYMPHOID STROMA
CONCLUSIONS |
there is clear evidence for the use of a protective ventilation protocol in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) .
the hallmark ards network ( ardsnet ) trial of 2000 showed a significant mortality benefit in patients ventilated with a protective ventilation strategy with low tidal volume ( vt ) o... | there is clear evidence for the use of a protective ventilation protocol in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) .
there is evidence to suggest that protective ventilation is beneficial in patients at risk of ards .
a protective ventilation strategy was implemented on our intensive care unit ... | Introduction
None
Aim
Methods
Results
Discussion
None
Recommendations |
recent years were associated with substantial development of enteral nutrition , and particularly , home enteral nutrition ( hen ) . for the last ten to 20 years , hen has been fully reimbursed in many european countries which has contributed to increased popularity of this treatment modality [ 8 , 13 ] .
also , in po... | published epidemiologic data on the administration rates of enteral / parenteral home nutrition is very limited .
the aim of this first nationwide study was to assess the availability of pediatric home enteral nutrition ( hen ) services in poland .
the questionnaire was sent to all regional centers providing pedia... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion |
a recent us national institute on aging task force defined comorbidity as the co - occurrence of preexisting age - related health conditions ( eg , disability , anemia , impairments , urinary incontinence ) or diseases ( eg , diabetes , heart disease , hypertension ) in reference to an index disease ( eg , cancer , pa... | adequate control of comorbidity has long been recognized as a critical challenge in clinical epidemiology .
comorbidity scales reduce information about coexistent disease to a single index that is easy to comprehend and statistically efficient .
these are the main advantages of an index over incorporating each dis... | Introduction
Methods and results
Collapsing categories changes the estimate of comorbiditys effect
Collapsing categories biases the relative risk due to confounding by comorbidity toward the null
Collapsing categories biases estimates of interaction unpredictably
Discussion |
pupil dilatation unresponsive to light stimuli and decreased constriction response to accommodation , with denervation supersensitivity to dilute cholinergic agents , is known as tonic pupil .
most tonic pupil cases are idiopathic , but among all known causes , trauma is the most frequent .
it has been described follow... | an 11-year - old boy presented with a total retinal detachment in his right eye .
he had a bilateral 360 argon laser treatment for an active retinopathy of prematurity performed after his birth .
he underwent an uneventful pars plana vitrectomy , encircling band , 810-nm diode endolaser and heavy silicone oil ( de... | Introduction
Case Report
Comment
Disclosure Statement |
a 68-year - old women presented the chief complaint of severe left perioral and chin pain .
the patient had been diagnosed with phn in the left v3 area 15 months ago .
the left facial pain had continued for 1 year despite medical treatment . during this period
, 1,200 mg gabapentin , 300 mg phenytoin , 30 mg duloxetine... | postherpetic neuralgia ( phn ) is one of the most difficult pain syndromes to treat .
invasive treatments may be considered when patients fail to obtain adequate pain relief from noninvasive treatment approaches . here , we present three cases of phn in the mandibular branch treated with ultrasound - assisted mental... | CASE REPORTS
1. Case 1
2. Case 2
3. Case 3
DISCUSSION |
atopic dermatitis ( ad ) is a most common chronic inflammatory skin disease , affecting about 10 million people in the world , leading to a significant reduction in quality of life , and its incidence is continuously increasing in westernized countries [ 1 , 2 ] .
the pathogenesis of ad is unknown , but the disease see... | cp001 is four traditional herbal medicine mixtures with anti - inflammatory properties . in this study , we investigated the effect of oral administration of cp001 ethanol extract on the 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene- ( dncb- ) induced ad mouse models . for that purpose
, we observed the effects of oral administration of... | 1. Introduction
2. Material and Method
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) are the most widely prescribed group of therapeutic drugs worldwide , and include many common analgesics and anti - inflammatory agents.1 selective cox-2-is have demonstrated improved gastrointestinal tract ( gi ) safety over nonselective nsaids.23 the clinical trials h... | background : cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors ( cox-2-is ) have recently been concerned in the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular ( cv ) events .
rofecoxib and valdecoxib has been withdrawn from the market , but celecoxib , etoricoxib and parecoxib continues to be used .
other nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs (... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
the italian physician ubaldo gasperini described in 1912 a patient with a lesion of the 5th , 6th and 7th cranial nerves of one side combined with a contralateral hypacusis and hemihypesthesia for pain and temperature , and only initially with a slight motor impairment .
the diagnosis was not confirmed by postmortem ex... | the gasperini syndrome is a very rare brainstem disease characterized by the typical combination of ipsilateral lesions of the cranial nerves v - vii and dissociated contralateral hemihypesthesia , whereas both contralateral and ipsilateral hypacusis was described .
since the first description in 1912 , only a few c... | Introduction
Case report
Discussion |
despite the significant improvements that have been made in oral health , tooth loss remains a dental public health problem .
tooth loss is the basic indicator of failure or success in the dental community health programs .
the main purpose of these programs is to prevent tooth loss due to incurable caries or periodont... | objectives : the objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency and distribution of early tooth loss and endodontic treatment needs of permanent first molars in a turkish pediatric population.materials and methods : a total of 7,895 panoramic radiographs taken for routine dental examination at the department of ... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
bernardo alberto houssay in his lecture in 1947 the blood sugar and the production and consumption of glucose are kept within normal bounds , therefore there is an equilibrium between the glands of internal secretions which reduce the blood sugar ( pancreas ) and those which raise it ( anterohypophysis , adrenals , th... | evidence for a relationship between t4 and t3 and glucose metabolism appeared over 100 years ago when the influence of thyroid hormone excess in the deterioration of glucose metabolism was first noticed .
since then , it has been known that hyperthyroidism is associated with insulin resistance .
more recently , hy... | 1. Introduction
2. Effects of Thyroid Hormones on Glucose Metabolism (
3. Insulin Resistance as a Consequence of Hyperthyroidism
4. Hypothyroidism Can Also Lead to Insulin Resistance
5. Conclusions |
systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by a loss of tolerance to nuclear antigens and by dysregulated activation of t and b cells .
polyclonal activation of b cells leads to the production of large quantities of autoreactive antibodies and the formation of immune complexes ,... | systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by dysregulated activation of t and b cells and autoantibodies to nuclear antigens and , in some cases , lipid antigens .
liposomes with nonbilayer phospholipid arrangements induce a disease resembling human lupus in mice , including igm and igg antibodies against nonbil... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
a 72-year - old male patient with interstitial lung disease presented to a local clinic because of difficulty breathing and a subjective fever .
he had a fever of 39. the fever went down to 37 with the administration of antibiotics ; the patient was then given oral corticosteroids ( predinisolone 60 mg / day ) .
nine d... | we here in report a case of bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis caused by pantoea agglomerans ( p. agglomerans ) in a patient who had interstitial lung disease and was treated with oral corticosteroids . a 72-year - old man presented with decreased visual acuity in both eyes nine days after he received oral corticost... | Case Report
Discussion |
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