question stringlengths 3 301 | answer stringlengths 9 26.1k | context list |
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How much CO2 does the internet produce now? | As the internet is the result of the interconnection of billions of devices, each operating independently, in many different environments, each parameterised in its own way, a good portion of them being mobile and under variable workloads, I doubt it's in any way feasible to find an accurate result.
You could estimate... | [
"In 2011, researchers estimated the energy used by the Internet to be between 170 and 307 GW, less than two percent of the energy used by humanity. This estimate included the energy needed to build, operate, and periodically replace the estimated 750 million laptops, a billion smart phones and 100 million servers w... |
Why is coffee turbid when cooled down but clear when freshly made? | What is coffee, exactly? A Solution? Suspension?
Turns out, hot black coffee is a solution, meaning that the coffee itself is dissolved in the hot water.
Perhaps you remember that solubility increases with heat (generally speaking). So when the water is hot, it will take in all the coffee it can while brewing. When ... | [
"Because the ground coffee beans in cold-brewed coffee never come into contact with heated water, the process of leaching flavor from the beans produces a chemical profile different from conventional brewing methods. Coffee beans contain a number of constituent parts that are more soluble at higher temperatures, su... |
Is it possible to get high from second-hand cannabis smoke? | This is actually one of the things we studied in forensic toxicology - the case of [Ross Rebagliati](_URL_0_), a Canadian snowboarder whose Olympic gold medal was in jeopardy after testing positive for marijuana. His defense was that he did not partake in smoking, but was in the vicinity as others smoked.
The conclusi... | [
"Recent studies indicate that a natural cannabinoid of cannabis, cannabidiol (CBD), increases adult neurogenesis while having no effect on learning. THC however impaired learning and had no effect on neurogenesis. \n",
"According to Delphic analysis by British researchers in 2007, cannabis has a lower risk factor... |
just how much less nutritious is food that has been frozen such as frozen fruits/meals | Calories should stay exactly the same. Mineral content will also be exactly the same. Some vitamins can be changed by various environmental factors including temperature. Vitamin C, for example, is degraded by exposure to oxygen. Freezing can actually help protect against oxidizing since liquid water more efficiently t... | [
"Food frozen at 0 °F and below is preserved indefinitely. However, the quality of the food will deteriorate if it is frozen over a lengthy period. The United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service publishes a chart showing the suggested freezer storage time for common foods.\n",
"Fro... |
why do people and animals get comfortable? what is comfort? | Comfort is a lack of hardship, danger or stress. From an evolutionary point of view, avoiding dangerous situations is obviously beneficial to survival, so an animal that experienced negative emotions (discomfort) during these situations is going to try & avoid being in them. Feeling happy in a safe area means an ani... | [
"Comfort behaviours are performed from an early age and change little during development. Several comfort behaviours are associated with the beginning of a rest period (e.g. grooming), whereas others are associated with the end of a rest period (e.g. stretching), possibly to prepare the body for escape or hunting. ... |
what is so special about go pro type cameras that can't be done with just any video camera. | They are a small, light, durable, relatively inexpensive camera that comes with a protective waterproof casing. The casing has a stand that can easily be mounted on a variety of surfaces.
The result is a camera that can be used in harsh environments without breaking, and is cheap enough that if it does break it won't... | [
"GoPro and other brands offer action cameras which are rugged, small and can be easily attached to helmet, arm, bicycle, etc. Most have wide angle and fixed focus, and can take still pictures and video, typically with sound.\n",
"Pro-Vision initially began as a manufacturer of cameras and recording systems that c... |
Are there better job opportunities for historians depending on which history they study? Which fields have more demand? | I can't grab a link right now, but the American Historical Association publishes a report once in a while evaluating the field. Their last was in 2013 and it showed that you do have slightly better odds with an Asian History focus, but if I remember correctly you still have less than a 50% of finding work in academia.... | [
"Professional historians typically work in colleges and universities, archival centers, government agencies, museums, and as freelance writers and consultants. The job market for new PhDs in history is poor and getting worse, with many relegated to part-time \"adjunct\" teaching jobs with low pay and no benefits.\n... |
why do some pills come in bottles, and some in blister packs? | Prescriptions that are dispensed in the US have to meet child safety standards. If you're buying it OTC it isn't being dispensed and thus doesn't have to meet the standards. | [
"80% of pills in the world are packed with blister packaging, which is the most convenient type for several reasons. Blister packs have two main components, the “lid” and the “blister” (cavity). Lid is mainly manufactured with aluminum (Al) and paper. The Cavity consists of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (... |
Everest is currently the highest mountain on Earth (elevation above sea level). But mountain chains are growing/eroding all the time -- so when in the distant future Everest become second tallest, and what mountain will surpass it? | Everest, and the Himalayan range is still growing, and will likely do so for many millions of years due to the Indian Sub-Continent pushing into Asia. This collision also created the Karakoram range (of K-2 fame), among others.
Which particular peak among the area will be the tallest in the future is hard to say due ... | [
"The South Summit of Mount Everest in the Himalayas is the second-highest peak on Earth, and is a subsidiary peak to the primary peak of Mount Everest. Although its elevation above sea level of is higher than the second-highest mountain on Earth, K2 (whose summit is above sea level), it is only considered a separat... |
Do dogs have an awareness of seasonal weather change? | Why would you think that they might not. They live long enough to experience many seasons. Their breeding cycle is tied to the seasons, they can feel both hot and cold, they know what snow is (whether they like it or not), et. al.
Not to mention that the modern domesticated dog will certainly see us responding to sea... | [
"Since changes in season can coincide with favorable changes in environment, the distinction between seasonal breeder and opportunistic can be muddled. In equatorial climes, the change in seasons is not always perceptible and thus, changes in day length not remarkable. Thus, the tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus) previous... |
what is the philosophy behind a ddos attack on gaming servers? | It's a cry for attention, similar to what a baby does when they poop their diapers. | [
"A DDoS attack is characterized by an explicit attempt by attackers to prevent legitimate users of a service from using that service. A hit-and-run DDoS is accomplished by using high volume network or application attacks in short bursts. The attacks only last long enough to bring down the server hosting the service... |
Is there a limit to the number of immunity genes bacteria can carry? | Now theoretically, there must be a physical limit to the quantity of DNA that can be present in a typically sized bacterial cell (or any cell, for that matter). However, realistically it's probably never ever going to occur, due to the huge, vast quantities of DNA that can fit in one cell. The ameboid Polychaos dubium ... | [
"Given that over 80% of almost all of the fully sequenced bacterial genomes consist of intact ORFs, and that gene length is nearly constant at ~1 kb per gene, it is inferred that small genomes have few metabolic capabilities. While free-living bacteria, such as \"E. coli\", \"Salmonella\" species, or \"Bacillus\" s... |
what has the large hadron collider discovered exactly? | Many things. Too many to list and explain individually (many are very technical and incapable of being eli5'd), but the biggest thing, and in many ways the thing the LHC was built to discover, was is the [Higgs boson](_URL_0_). At the time of the construction of the LHC, the Higgs boson was a theorized and predicted ye... | [
"The ISR (standing for \"Intersecting Storage Rings\") was a particle accelerator at CERN. It was the world's first hadron collider, and ran from 1971 to 1984, with a maximum center of mass energy of 62 GeV. From its initial startup, the collider itself had the capability to produce particles like the J/ψ and the u... |
how come it's always night on moon and you can see the space as it is? | The colour of the sky is caused by sunlight light bouncing around within the atmosphere. At night, on earth, there's no sunlight so it appears black.
On the moon there's no atmosphere, so whether or not there's any sunlight, it still appears black. | [
"The term night sky, usually associated with astronomy from Earth, refers to the nighttime appearance of celestial objects like stars, planets, and the Moon, which are visible in a clear sky between sunset and sunrise, when the Sun is below the horizon.\n",
"The term night sky refers to the sky as seen at night. ... |
Oil and natural gas come from decomposing ancient life. But how did these substances get so far beneath the surface of the Earth? | They get buried. Sediments get deposited on top of them, from processes such as sand dunes, rivers, volcanic eruptions, ocean deposits, and such.
Once you pile a bunch of sediments over a landscape, the landscape sinks from the weight, which often allows for more sediments to be piled on top. Nearby continents (or vol... | [
"Aquatic phytoplankton and zooplankton that died and sedimented in large quantities under anoxic conditions millions of years ago began forming petroleum and natural gas as a result of anaerobic decomposition. Over geological time this organic matter, mixed with mud, became buried under further heavy layers of inor... |
Do fingerprints change as you age? For instance if your fingerprinted at 5 years old will it have any similarity to your fingerprints at 20? | The pattern won't change. You can get a scar that would show up on newer prints that wouldn't show up on older prints. It shouldn't affect identification of a print.
You can still ID the prints by matching loops, whirls, and arches. | [
"Since the elasticity of skin decreases with age, many senior citizens have fingerprints that are difficult to capture. The ridges get thicker; the height between the top of the ridge and the bottom of the furrow gets narrow, so there is less prominence.\n",
"The strong effects of age on DNA methylation levels ha... |
why is it safe to put some chemicals like hydrogen peroxide on open wounds, but not to ingest them? | It's not just about getting into your blood, it also has to do with the way it's broken down in your body, and what it comes in contact with along the way. That said, most things that would be poisonous to rub on a wound are also poisonous to ingest.
Hydrogen peroxide at the concentrations you'd use on a cut is actua... | [
"A recent double-blind crossover study suggests that hydrogen peroxide, which is released during the use of this product, may prevent or retard colonization and multiplication of anaerobic bacteria, such as those that inhabit oral wounds.\n",
"A 1979 double-blind crossover study suggests that hydrogen peroxide, w... |
how is seo used to generate high website traffic? | Basically makes your website show up better in search engines. Let's say you search for Socks on Google, the websites with better SEO are going to be showing higher up over websites with worst SEO | [
"Search engine optimization (SEO), is the ongoing practice of optimizing a website to help improve its rankings in the search engines. Several internal and external factors are involved which can help improve a site's listing within the search engines. The higher a site ranks within the search engines for a particu... |
what is i and how does i^2 = -1? | Why is i^2 = -1? Because that is exactly how we define i!
Your second question is more interesting. When your start working with squares, it isn't long before you realize that the square of any number is always a positive number. The question that follows is, then what happens when you take the square root of a negati... | [
"1 (one, also called unit, unity, and (multiplicative) identity) is a number, and a numerical digit used to represent that number in numerals. It represents a single entity, the unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of \"unit length\" is a line segment of length 1. It is also the first of the... |
What is the latest advancement/update that has been made on a 'Unified Field Theory' in physics? ie. The 'Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything'? | It didn't really pan out; there are certain irreconcilable differences between it and the standard model that it tries to extend. Ultimately this theory made very little noise in the high energy physics community but a disproportionately large noise among science journalists, who jumped on the story without concern for... | [
"Since the 19th century, some physicists, notably Albert Einstein, have attempted to develop a single theoretical framework that can account for all the fundamental forces of nature – a unified field theory. Classical unified field theories are attempts to create a unified field theory based on classical physics. I... |
why do girls generally find it harder to achieve an orgasm despite having way more nerve ending than men in their privates? | It is hard to say exactly. They are still doing research into this. What we can say though, that when it comes to women having orgasms, there is a significant different between women of different orientations that we do not see in men. (heterosexual women 61.6%, lesbian women 74.7%, bisexual women 58.0%)
This seems t... | [
"Research has shown that as in women, the emotional centers of a man's brain also become deactivated during orgasm but to a lesser extent than in women. Brain scans of both sexes have shown that the pleasure centers of a man's brain show more intense activity than in women during orgasm.\n",
"With regard to the e... |
how can millionaire/billionaires have more influence on a presidential candidate than other donors that donate the same amount, if the maximum contribution is $2,800? | There are limits, but they can contribute to multiple different groups (candidates, PACs, parties) with different limits. And they can host fundraisers which can generate large amount of donations. Or use their corporations to also donate. | [
"\"Big Political Donors Give Far and Wide, Influence Out-of-State Races and Issues\" is an analysis of contributions by wealthy individuals in seven states shows that their giving is greater than any one cause or race reveals—with millions flowing into state, federal and even local campaigns, parties and committees... |
what is a tupperware party? is it just women comparing their food containers? is it an euphemism for something nsfw? | > Is it just women comparing their food containers?
No, it's people *buying* food containers. [In-home demonstrations](_URL_0_) are the main avenue for selling Tupperware-brand containers in most countries. | [
"Tupperware developed a direct marketing strategy to sell products known as the Tupperware party. The Tupperware party allowed women of the 1950s to work and enjoy the benefits of earning an income without completely taking away the independence granted to women during the Second World War, when women first began e... |
when moving something back and forth quickly, why can the object be seen in every position at once? | Your eyes refresh at a pretty constant rate and when your brain processes each image it keeps some of the information from the previous image or images that it saw. So if something is moving fast enough then your brain will retain some information of where it was before, creating the illusion that its in more than one ... | [
"A second proposed explanation is that the visual system processes moving objects more quickly than flashed objects. This latency-difference hypothesis asserts that by the time the flashed object is processed, the moving object has already moved to a new position. The latency-difference proposal tacitly rests on th... |
Accuracy of 'Romance of The Three Kingdoms' | Note that the Romance of the Three Kingdom is different from simply Three Kingdoms. Luo's portrayal of the time period and accuracy of important events are right on the spot - it's other aspects of the novel that deserves the attention.
Easily the first thing you would spot is the author's bias in favour of Shu Han. I... | [
"The following is a list of media adaptations of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. The story has been adapted in numerous forms, including films, television series, manga and video games.\n",
"\"Romance of the Three Kingdoms\" is a 14th-century historical... |
why does liquid cough medicine work better than the pill form with the same ingredients? once they start doing their thing shouldn't they, well, do the same thing? | Speed is one aspect, when you swallow pills you're waiting for your stomach to break them down then for them to be absorbed and start working.
Liquids are able to be absorbed faster and also they will coat the throat on the way down. | [
"This may be done for medically necessary reasons, such as to change the form of the medication from a solid pill to a liquid, to avoid a non-essential ingredient that the patient is allergic to, or to obtain the exact dose(s) needed or deemed best of particular active pharmaceutical ingredient(s). It may also be d... |
if water is a incompressible fluid why does pressure increase when going under water? wouldn’t the pressure stay the same since the density of the water doesn’t change? | First of all, water *is* compressible. Just not very easily. For most purposes, we can think of it as being incompressible. So let's do that.
Things work the opposite of what you are thinking. If the water was compressible, it would absorb the force (caused by its weight). That force would literally be used t... | [
"On the other hand, liquids have little compressibility. Water, for example, will compress by only 46.4 parts per million for every unit increase in atmospheric pressure (bar). At around 4000 bar (400 megapascals or 58,000 psi) of pressure at room temperature water experiences only an 11% decrease in volume. Incomp... |
. where is vegetable oil made of? i think it’s made from vegetables because of the name. but what vegetable? | Seeds like canola, sunflower, peanut, sesame, even corn and coconut . When plants store oils it's typically in the seeds, which is supposed to be fuel for the growing seedling.
If you take peanuts and crush them you can separate the oil pretty easily. | [
"Vegetable oil is a liquid derived from plants. These are triglyceride-based, and includes cooking oils like sunflower oil, solid oils like cocoa butter, oils used in paint like linseed oil and oils for industrial purposes, including as biofuels. \n",
"Vegetable fats and oils are what are most commonly called veg... |
why did early color tv programming look so artificial like the color was added in later? | Film ages, and with age, fades. I see it when I look at old still pictures of family from those days. | [
"Color television as introduced in North America in 1954 is best described as being 'colored' television. The system used the existing black and white signal but with the addition of a component intended only for television receivers designed to show color. By careful application this 'colored' signal was ignored b... |
how touch lamps work. | It detects changes in capacitance, just like the touch screen on most cellphones.
Capacitance is a fancy way of saying that since you and the lamp both contain electrons which can flow around free inside you but which don't transfer to the lamp, touching the lamp changes the amount of electrons that the lamp could hol... | [
"A touch-sensitive lamp is one that is activated by human touch rather than a flip, pushbutton, or other mechanical switch. These lamps are popular as desk and nightstand lamps. They act on the principle of body capacitance. Touch-sensitive lamp switches may be dimmable, allowing the brightness of the lamp to be ad... |
Was it legal for a husband in medieval England to kill his wife and/or children? What social consequences, if any, would a man face for committing such an act? | Cold-blooded murder was always illegal and carried with it legal punishment, from the earliest surviving medieval law code we have through the entirety of the medieval era. A person would be acquitted if the murder was found to be done in self-defence. One could also be found innocent on grounds of insanity and usually... | [
"Killing due to adultery traditionally fell under the provocation defense. In 1707, English Lord Chief Justice John Holt described the act of a man having sexual relations with another man's wife as \"the highest invasion of property\" and claimed, in regard to the aggrieved husband, that \"a man cannot receive a h... |
Water that doesn't affect your thirst | That's exactly what the IV fluid is. If there is not enough salt, the water will go into your red blood cells via osmosis and cause them to swell, and eventually explode. If there is too much salt, the fluid will absorb all the water from your red blood cells and cause you to be more dehydrated. This is why drinking sa... | [
"Input of water is regulated mainly through ingested fluids, which, in turn, depends on thirst. An insufficiency of water results in an increased osmolarity in the extracellular fluid. This is sensed by osmoreceptors in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, which trigger thirst. Thirst can to some degree... |
Do hot ( > 36.6) drinking water provide calories to organism? | If you drink water at a temperature approximate to your body's then you will not have to spend energy in thermal regulation to compensate for the drop you would have when drinking cooler water, but it's almost negligible. That's about it. In nutritional terms, water is void of any calories.
Disregard Marsupial Mole an... | [
"Indirect calorimetry calculates heat that living organisms produce by measuring either their production of carbon dioxide and nitrogen waste (frequently ammonia in aquatic organisms, or urea in terrestrial ones), or from their consumption of oxygen. \n",
"The elimination of micro-organisms by boiling follows fir... |
why are 144hz monitors more popular than 120hz? | It's a mix of display connection limitations and marketing.
Before displayport and higher versions of HDMI, the display cable that could transfer the most data was Dual Link DVI. The initial 120 Hz refresh monitors were at 1080p resolution. 120 Hz made sense because it was double 60 Hz, the standard monitor refresh ra... | [
"On smaller CRT monitors (up to about ), few people notice any discomfort between 60–72 Hz. On larger CRT monitors ( or larger), most people experience mild discomfort unless the refresh is set to 72 Hz or higher. A rate of 100 Hz is comfortable at almost any size. However, this does not apply to LCD monitors. The ... |
How did New Horizons get to Pluto? | It had a gravity assist at Jupiter; see [this](_URL_0_).
You can see the trajectory [here](_URL_1_).
| [
"After an intense political battle, a revised mission to Pluto called \"New Horizons\" was granted funding from the US government in 2003. \"New Horizons\" was launched successfully on 19 January 2006. The mission leader, S. Alan Stern, confirmed that some of the ashes of Clyde Tombaugh, who died in 1997, had been ... |
It's 1925 and money is no object for me, I want to travel between America and Europe what are my options? | You're pretty much limited to traveling by ship. Daring individuals have starting making transatlantic flights, but you're still three years away from the first east-west non-stop transatlantic crossing, and also three years away from the first regular transatlantic travel by commercial airships, which will enjoy a bri... | [
"During the 15 years from 1950 to 1965, American investments in Europe soared by 800% to $13.9 billion, and in the European Economic Community rose 10 times to $6.25 billion. Europe's share of American investments increased from 15% to 28%. The investments were of very high visibility and generated much talk of Ame... |
why does my girlfriend's clit become super-sensitive after she has an orgasm? | Have you ever noticed how hyper sensitive your penis gets after orgasm? Same thing. | [
"While stroking the clitoris, the parts of the female brain responsible for processing fear, anxiety and behavioral control start to diminish in activity. This reaches a peak at orgasm when the female brain's emotion centers are effectively closed down to produce an almost trance-like state. Holstege is quoted as s... |
What kind of swimming techniques would people in the 17th and 18th century use? | European and Euro-American sources from the 16th-19th centuries, which here include travel accounts and treatises on how to swim, unanimously agree on several points: (a) they swim badly (b) the people of basically every other culture they encounter swim better (c) there is apparently no reason for the white people to ... | [
"Since swimming was done in a state of undress, it became less popular as society became more conservative in the early Modern period. Leonardo da Vinci made early sketches of lifebelts. In 1538, Nikolaus Wynmann, a Swiss–German professor of languages, wrote the earliest known complete book about swimming, \"Colymb... |
Does light experience time when traveling in a material? | Light doesn't *experience* anything. I don't mean that in a pedantic sense of it's not conscious. I mean that an observational frame *at c* makes no sense at all.
However, when you have a material, that material has an electromagnetic field *already* between all the various charged particles (electrons and nuclei). A... | [
"A human perceives the intensity of the sinusoidal disturbance as the brightness of the light and the frequency as the color. If a light is turned on or off at a specific time or otherwise modulated, then the amplitude of the sinusoidal disturbance is also time-dependent. The time-varying amplitude does not propaga... |
How true the factoid you frequently hear that the atoms in your body are entirely replaced (albeit gradually) about every 5 ~ 7 years. | It's not really atoms, but cells as a whole. Cells can grow old and die off (called "senescence") and are replaced by new cells. So over a period of time (5-7 years as you say) you could say that all the cells currently existing in your body will have died off and been replaced by new ones. | [
"Metastable atoms are atoms that have been excited out of the ground state, but remain in an excited state for a significant period of time. Microscopy using metastable atoms has been shown to be possible, where the metastable atoms release stored internal energy into the surface, releasing electrons that provide i... |
Why is the waste produced in a thorium fuel cycle need storage for only 300 years instead of thousands of years for uranium fuel cycle, even though U233 from Th232 had mostly similar fission products as U235? | This argument is mainly about transuranic isotopes. These are waste products which through neutron capture become heavier. They do not fission at all. To go from U238 to P239 all you need is one capture. To go from U233 to P239, you need a series of captures and there will be plenty of opportunity for fission instead o... | [
"Another important benefit of removing the long half-life transuranics from the waste cycle is that the remaining waste becomes a much shorter-term hazard. After the actinides (reprocessed uranium, plutonium, and minor actinides) are recycled, the remaining radioactive waste isotopes are fission products, with half... |
Why was Bill Clinton's approval rating so low in the first few months of his presidency? | As you said, at this point of his presidency a few months in, in early May of 1993, Clinton was at a 45% approval rating. Clinton's lowest approval rating then actually slipped to 37% - a low-point mark I believe he reached in early June of 1993.
The reasons for these low ratings early on were largely tied to what man... | [
"While Bill Clinton's job-approval ratings were around 60%, an April 1999 study by the Pew Research Center for the People found that respondents suffered from \"Clinton fatigue\" where they were \"tired of all the problems associated with the Clinton administration\" including the Lewinsky scandal and impeachment. ... |
Why don't mosquitoes die of malaria? | It would be detrimental for the plasmodium parasite to kill off the mosquitoes. It requires them for its reproduction.
So, the answer to your question would be that the parasite has evolved to avoid harming the mosquitoes. | [
"Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases it can cause yellow skin, seizures, coma, or death. Symptoms usually begin ten to fifteen days after being bitten by an inf... |
why is food (and other things) preserved when it is frozen? | What makes food go bad is bacteria. Bacteria cant live in the cold very easily and even if they do they slow way way down. Thus freezing prevents the bacteria from spoiling the food and the food stays good for longer. | [
"Frozen food is food preserved by the process of freezing. Freezing food is a common method of food preservation which slows both food decay and, by turning water to ice, makes it unavailable for most bacterial growth and slows down most chemical reactions. Clarence Birdseye offered his quick-frozen foods to the pu... |
Questions regarding Moses & Pharoah and the timeline | Check out our [FAQ](_URL_0_). Lots of threads there already. | [
"The presiding interest of the midrash is not ultimately the eulogization of Aaron, but is rather the psychological analysis of Moses's inner struggle upon being commanded to inform Aaron of his impending demise. In service of this theme, the midrash touches on various aspects of Moses's tense relationship with God... |
realism, modernism and postmodernism in literature. | All three are defined by an underlying philosophy (sort of, nowhere near as coherent as that sounds, really), a set of writers associated with them (and how they influence each other), a set of typical themes, a set of typical techniques, and a time period in which they were prevalent.
So it's not exactly very strictl... | [
"Postmodernism is a complex paradigm of different philosophies and artistic styles. The movement emerged as a reaction to high modernism. Modernism is a paradigm of thought and viewing the world characterized in specific ways that postmodernism reacted against. Modernism was interested in master and meta narratives... |
How are each of the lobes in the brain differentiated on a biological level? | How are they differentiated? Well it's not simple. It's kinda like trying to decide where certain neighbourhoods in city begin and end. There are some areas that we are certain about, others where it gets a bit blurry. Let me explain.
To start with, the different areas of the brain were decided by looking down a micro... | [
"The lobes of the brain were originally a purely anatomical classification, but have been shown also to be related to different brain functions. The cerebrum, the largest portion of the human brain, is divided into lobes, but so is the cerebellum. If not specified, the expression \"lobes of the brain\" refers to th... |
percentage of rain meaning | Ugh, it's kind of a mess.
So, a 20% chance of rain can mean there's a 20% chance that you will get rained on at some point that day.
But sometimes it can be used to mean things like 20% of the day will be raining.
Or that 20% of the land within an area will be rained on. This is the interpretation that the Nat... | [
"Rain has a population () of 2,214, of which 5.1% are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 30.9%. Most of the population () speaks German (96.5%), with Albanian being second most common ( 0.7%) and Portuguese being third ( 0.5%).\n",
"Rain is measured in units of length ... |
what exactly happens to a dissolved/bankrupt company's debts? | As a former business owner who was owed tens of thousands by customers, I can confirm that when a company goes bankrupt, first the taxman, bankers and lawyers get paid. There usually isnt anything left after that so the remaining businesses get a couple of letters in the mail from the courts which, roughly translated, ... | [
"Creditors who hold a certificate of unpaid debts against the debtor, or creditors in a bankruptcy, may file suit against third parties who have benefited from unfair preferences or fraudulent transfers by the debtor prior to a seizure of assets or a bankruptcy. If the challenge succeeds, the third party must retur... |
a new pacific island has just formed from a volcano. presuming it's in international waters, who 'owns' it? | The short answer is whomever claims and can successfully defend it.
No one inherently "owns" any piece of property, so whomever wanted it would have to defend their claim either legally (get it recognized by other nations) and/or militarily (repel all invaders). Usually, the island will be part of a chain, so the mos... | [
"In the middle of the Pacific, the country has sovereignty over several islands of volcanic origin, collectively known as Insular Chile. Of these, we highlight the archipelago of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, which is located in the fracture zone between the Nazca plate and the Pacific plate known as East Pacif... |
During the California gold rush, was selling shovels really a better way to make money than searching for gold? | The short answer is we really don't know.
& #x200B;
Outside of word of mouth and the strikes that were notable enough to make news, we don't have a good idea of how much gold was really found as the lack of law enforcement and the hardships in filing a claim meant that miners were tight lipped about the locations a... | [
"Because the gold in the California gravel beds was so richly concentrated, early forty-niners were able to retrieve loose gold flakes and nuggets with their hands, or simply \"pan\" for gold in rivers and streams. Panning cannot take place on a large scale, and industrious miners and groups of miners graduated to ... |
what would actually happen if someone paid off people's student loans via hacking? | because they're not hacking, they're doing a denial of service attack.
They dont get inside and get to find out information and change things.
They're just attempting to make so many connections at once the server can't handle it.
It's the difference between infiltrating a building like a spy (hacking), and forming ... | [
"Such information, especially security questions and answers, could help hackers break into victims' other online accounts. Computer security experts cautioned that the incident could have far-reaching consequences involving privacy, potentially including finance and banking as well as personal information of peopl... |
Just watched lindybeiges video about fire arrows, I have a small question | I actually wrote a little bit about fire arrows just a few days ago [here](_URL_0_). Like literally every historian I maintain that fire arrows are not meant for battlefield use. They are, as stated the, absolute last resort for a besieging force to set something on fire if you have nothing else available.
So what ab... | [
"When an embrasure linked to more than one arrowslit (in the case of Dover Castle, defenders from three embrasures can shoot through the same arrowslit) it is called a \"multiple arrowslit\". Some arrowslits, such as those at Corfe Castle, had lockers nearby to store spare arrows and bolts; these were usually locat... |
How does communicating through radio waves in space between 2 bodies moving at constant relative velocity away from each other stil influence the perception of paradoxical slowness of time of the other under special relativity? | > parties moving relatively to each other agrees to send out a signal in radio wave to the other person at 12.00 a.m.
There is your problem right there... if they have synchronized clocks, then they started in the same reference frame, and it is only through acceleration that one's clock would start moving more slow... | [
"According to Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity, \"instantaneous action at a distance\" violates the relativistic upper limit on speed of propagation of information. If one of the interacting objects were to suddenly be displaced from its position, the other object would feel its influence instantaneou... |
Was a blade poisoning a thing ? | I'm going to try and give an answer as serious as possible, but I'm no expert.
You separate battlefield and assassinations for the use of poisoned blades, but you have to remember that poisons in general have very different objectives in both cases. In the latter poisons were common, but usually left in food or wine, ... | [
"Strychnine poisoning can be fatal to humans and other animals and can occur by inhalation, swallowing or absorption through eyes or mouth. It produces some of the most dramatic and painful symptoms of any known toxic reaction, making it quite noticeable and a common choice for assassinations and poison attacks. Fo... |
Did ancient Romans have some kinf of pockets in their clothes? If not, how did they carry small things around? | Not as such.
The garments of the Romans were generally loose fitting and simply sewn, both of which don’t work well with the concept of pockets as we know them. However, the looseness of the garments also meant that it was relatively effective to simply use the folds of these garments to carry small items. Indeed, thi... | [
"In European clothing, fitchets, resembling modern day pockets, appeared in the 13th century. Vertical slits were cut in the super tunic, which did not have any side openings, to allow access to purse or keys slung from the girdle of the tunic. According to historian Rebecca Unsworth, it was in the late 15th centur... |
how do they make amputations in movies look real? | It depends on what movie you're talking about. In more recent movies, yes, you can digitally remove a limb from an actor. Typically you would shoot a scene without the actor, then the scene WITH the actor in the same set-up. They wear green tape over the limb and the limb is removed digitally, leaving the image without... | [
"His work on the 2010 Danny Boyle film \"127 Hours\" received notoriety for the amputation sequences designed, engineered, and built to recreate the actual event in extreme closeup detail. The film's pre-release screenings at several film festivals have resulted in audience members requiring medical assistance. Gar... |
why do two nuts on a bolt lock and stop spinning? why don't they just act as one longer nut? | pushing them up and down doesn't do anything you have to turn them, by turning one on top of another you actually just push down on the other.
It's friction, that's the fundamentals of how they work and why even single ones don't just fall off when you tighten them.
If you think about it, whatever you tighten it agai... | [
"Specialized locking nuts exist to prevent this problem, but sometimes it is sufficient to add a second nut. For this technique to be reliable, each nut must be tightened to the correct torque. The inner nut is tightened to about a quarter to a half of the torque of the outer nut. It is then held in place by a wren... |
What caused the Middle/Far East to use bowing as a greeting while the Western world chose the handshake? | Could you give example of the Middle East using bowing as a greeting? I am familiar with the far east using bowing but I haven't experienced anyone from the Middle East doing the same. | [
"Similarly to East Asia, bowing is the traditional form of greeting in many South Asian and Southeast Asian countries. A gesture known as the \"Añjali Mudrā\" is used as a sign of respect and greeting and involves a bow of varying degrees depending on whom one performs it to and hands pressed together generally at ... |
During beta decay, when a neutrino and a beta ray are created, where does it's mass come from? | The binding energy of the daughter nucleus is larger than the binding energy of the parent. The extra energy is released as the masses and kinetic energies of the particles in the final state. | [
"The neutrinos emitted in beta decay will have a spectrum of energy ranges, because although momentum is conserved, the momentum can be shared in any way between the positron and neutrino, with either emitted at rest and the other taking away the full energy, or anything in between, so long as all the energy from t... |
please explain radiation and exposure to me. i can't grasp the concept of it not being a gas/object/liquid etc. | Actually, in this context radiation is the emission of particles, alpha, beta, etc. What that means to you is that some of these really little pieces of atoms "radiate" (escape from) from a source, strike your cells, and damage them like miniature canonballs.
Things that small can be described either by their electric... | [
"Radiation exposure is a measure of the ionization of air due to ionizing radiation from photons; that is, gamma rays and X-rays. It is defined as the electric charge freed by such radiation in a specified volume of air divided by the mass of that air. \n",
"The human body cannot sense ionizing radiation except i... |
why the nose of the concorde and the tupolev tu-144 angle downwards. | Nothing complex here. It folds down for takeoff and landing to give the pilots a clearer view of the ground. Then it comes up into streamlined position for normal flight. | [
"Moving the elevons downward in a delta-wing aircraft increases the lift (force), but also pitches its nose downward. The canards cancel out this nose-downwards moment, thus reducing the landing speed of the production Tu-144s to , still faster than that of Concorde. The NASA study lists final approach speeds durin... |
Is there any link between how young you grow grey hair and how old you live? | I am unaware of any link between canities and life span. The development of gray hair has the technical name canities. It is actually not the development of gray hair, but rather the growth of hair lacking any color pigment. These hairs appear white and when intermixed with pigmented hair gives the general appearanc... | [
"BULLET::::- Gradual thinning of hair with age is a natural condition known as involutional alopecia. This is caused by an increasing number of hair follicles switching from the growth, or anagen, phase into a resting phase, or telogen phase, so that remaining hairs become shorter and fewer in number.\n",
"The gr... |
how do tv episodes, albums and scripts get leaked, and why does it seem to happen so often? | Writer, publisher, .... Will send them to himself via email. Or friends and family. And from there someone will leak it.
Or grabs a USB stick. Leaves it at caffee. Noasy waiter who knows a studio is nearby grabs it..
Or as a part of marketing. Some speculate the Iphone[whatever number] wasn't leaked- But staged, so i... | [
"BULLET::::- As with the \"Star Trek\" incident, major films or television productions frequently give out scripts to the cast and crew in which one or two lines are different in each individual version. Thus if the entire script is copied and leaked to the public, the producers can track down the specific person w... |
Is it possible to create a water molecule by combining 1 hydrogen atom and 2 oxygen atoms through fusion? | If I'm understanding your question correctly, the answer is "no" because water is defined by its formula of H2O. HOO would be an entirely different, unstable molecule.
If you're using the term fusion in the nuclear reaction sense, then I don't understand what you're getting at. I suppose that you could, through a... | [
"A single water molecule can participate in a maximum of four hydrogen bonds because it can accept two bonds using the lone pairs on oxygen and donate two hydrogen atoms. Other molecules like hydrogen fluoride, ammonia and methanol can also form hydrogen bonds. However, they do not show anomalous thermodynamic, kin... |
is heisenberg uncertainty principle just a theory at the moment or have we observed it? | Your understanding of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle might not be the issue here. "Theory" in scientific terminology refers to a model that works until disproven. "Theory" in common English refers to an idea or a thought process.
So the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is a model that works until it is disproven... | [
"Hirschman showed, cf. Hirschman uncertainty, that Heisenberg's uncertainty principle can be expressed as a particular lower bound on the sum of the classical distribution entropies of the \"quantum observable\" probability distributions of a quantum mechanical state, the square of the wave-function, in coordinate,... |
collective bargaining | collective bargaining is the process of a group of employees negotiating employment benefits (pay, health care, vacation/sick time, etc.) as a single group as opposed to each employee negotiating with the employer at the time of hire.
the only way this is possible is with the creation of a union. if collective barg... | [
"Collective bargaining is a process of negotiation between employers and a group of employees aimed at agreements to regulate working salaries, working conditions, benefits, and other aspects of workers' compensation and rights for workers. The interests of the employees are commonly presented by representatives of... |
- why doesn't corn break down when you poop, and if it doesn't break down what sort of nutritional value am i getting? | You have to chew it. | [
"When drying corn kernels it is important to keep in mind that cracks and fractures in the corn can lead to many problems in both the storage and processing. The major problem that occurs from high temperature drying and then rapid cooling of the grain is stress-cracking. Stress-cracking is when fractures become pr... |
how can a geothermal system heat my house when it's 10 below zero and the system is 55 degrees? | The answers here are wrong. The temperature a heat pump can warm a space is not limited to the temperature of the ground (55, in your example) or the outside air in the case of a traditional heat pump.
As long as the medium you're running through the ground (water, glycol, whatever) is a lower temp than ground itself... | [
"Air at any temperature above absolute zero contains some energy. An air-source heat pump transfers ('pumps') some of this energy as heat from one place to another, for example between the outside and inside of a building. This can provide space heating and/or hot water. A single system can be designed to transfer ... |
what's the difference between a laser cutter and a plasma cutter? | Laser cutters use lasers, plasma cutters use plasma. | [
"The laser cutter is a machine that uses a laser to cut materials such as chip board, matte board, felt, wood, and acrylic up to 3/8 inch (1 cm) thickness. The laser cutter is often bundled with a driver software which interprets vector drawings produced by any number of CAD software platforms.\n",
"The Laser Cut... |
how do microphones/speakers not echo the sound of a crowd | To an extent, they do. However, most microphones are more sensitive in the direction that they're pointed.
There are no microphones that are only pick up sound from one very specific direction - if someone makes a noise from behind the mic, it'll get picked up to some degree, the question is how much it'll get picked ... | [
"A microphone is used to capture the input of sound waves created by people speaking into the device. The sounds are then turned into electrical energy; this energy then flows along a metal antenna. As the electrons in the electric current move back and forth up the antenna, the current creates an invisible electro... |
why do texts only allow 160 bytes per message? | The dirty secret of text messaging (and text fees) is that the message gets stuffed into the spare room of a data packet that was going to be sent anyway. Your phone says "I'm still here!" at regular intervals, but when you send a text it says "I'm still here, *and* I have something to say!" That message then gets rout... | [
"Note: this does not include the 12 bytes of flags indicating whether the next chunk of text is a pointer or a literal. Adding it, the text becomes 106 bytes long, which is still shorter than the original 177 bytes.\n",
"Messages can be of any type, and the data contained within is not restricted. Message bodies ... |
What were the reasons that people of your time period and region believed one contracted various illnesses and diseases? | Ohhh, I have a good one. One belief that arose in the last couple of centuries BCE in Judaism(s) is that various conditions - well, mainly *demonic possession* - were caused by the infiltration of the (evil) spirits of deceased giants from primeval times, themselves the [hybrid offspring of angels and humans](_URL_2_).... | [
"Notable diseases not originally known as present in Americas before 1492 include those such as smallpox, malaria, bubonic plague, typhus, influenza, measles, diphtheria, yellow fever, and whooping cough. During the Atlantic slave trade following the discovery of the New World, diseases such as these possessed the ... |
when can police get accurate speed readings on a moving vehicle? | When they have radar on and it is within a certain degree of head/tail-on. I think it's within 15 degrees, but can't remember the exact number. The further off it is, the less accurate. And when the radar is properly calibrated, which should be done a minimum of twice per shift.
When the are following the vehicle and ... | [
"When used within a moving vehicle, the device measures the relative speed of the police and target vehicle. Police are required to follow the offending vehicle for 200 metres and have a certified speedometer, largely negating advantages of the device.\n",
"BULLET::::- Speed recognition device: Some police cars a... |
At what point did Salt become so devalued, and why? | All 4 of these r/AskHistorians posts will answer your question. Hope the mods will consider this an adequate response (I'm not from around here:)!
[Why was salt so scarce and valuable when it is in the ocean everywhere?](_URL_2_) (16 days ago, from /u/bucko9765)
[I'm given to understand that in the pre-modern world s... | [
"For more than a thousand years, until the late 19th century, salt was extracted from brine at the saltworks by boiling. The brine was brought up from a deposit under the town. The breaking of the salt monopoly in the wake of annexation by Prussia in 1866 led to a fall in price, which in turn led to the industry’s ... |
if roman numerals are written in order from greatest to least in quantity, such as xii (unless when subtracting like xiv), why is super bowl 48 labeled as xlviii instead of lxviii? | XL would be 40. LX would be 60. It's exactly the subtractive principle you mentioned. | [
"For this year only, the Super Bowl decided not to use a Roman numeral (\"L\") and instead used the standard numerals \"50.\" According to Jaime Weston, the league's vice president of brand and creative, the primary reason was that the league's graphic designers had difficulty designing a suitable, aesthetically pl... |
It is often said that middle age era male English skeletons are deformed due to excessive archery practice, are examples of such deformities found in warrior cultures as well? (Mongols, Huns, Spartans, etc) | To be clear before we start, "deformed" isn't exactly how I'd describe *os acromiale*, which is the condition you're describing. Very briefly, what happened to longbowmen (and current competitive archers, etc) was that the growing point (growth plate) on the scapula does not fuse with the bone itself; appearance of tha... | [
"Later in the Middle Ages, massed archery techniques were developed. English and Welsh longbowmen in particular were famed for the volume and accuracy of their shooting, to which cavalry and poorly armoured infantry were particularly vulnerable.\n",
"Longbows were very difficult to master because the force requir... |
what and where is "privilege"? | How often are you followed around by sales clerks in a store, because they think you might steal things? As a white girl myself, I never had - but the first time I went shopping in those same stores with a black friend, I could tell that she was being followed around, regarded as untrustworthy. I asked her about... | [
"In anthropology, privilege is a special right, advantage, or immunity granted or available only to a particular person or group. In sociology, privilege is the perceived rights or advantages that are assumed to be available only to a particular person or group of people. The term is commonly used in the context of... |
From an evolutionist standpoint, if warmth is necessary for survival, why did humans evolve without fur? | We lived in warm places and didn't need fur to live. Losing it made us cool down better when exercising, enabling us to endurance-hunt other animals who cannot exert themselves as much continuously over a long time. | [
"With the evolution of hairless skin, abundant sweat glands, and skin rich in melanin, early humans could walk, run, and forage for food for long periods of time under the hot sun without brain damage due to overheating, giving them an evolutionary advantage over other species. By 1.2 million years ago, around the ... |
Is energy always conserved? Are there exceptions ? | You might find this blog post interesting:
_URL_0_
Outside of cosmology, energy is conserved in isolated systems. Within cosmology, one runs into an issue of concepts and semantics. Let's say, because of dark energy and a non-zero cosmological constant, "conventional" energy is definitely not conserved, and increa... | [
"In 1918 it was proved that the law of conservation of energy is the direct mathematical consequence of the translational symmetry of the quantity conjugate to energy, namely time. That is, energy is conserved because the laws of physics do not distinguish between different moments of time (see Noether's theorem).\... |
Is there any g-force felt by those in a space station? | > Is there any g-force felt by those in a space station?
Not much, that's why it's called micro-gravity.
You should be asking:
> Is there any gravitational force in a space station?
Yes.
The acceleration due to Earth's gravity at the ISS is [92%](_URL_0_) as strong as that on the surface
> Is there any ~~g-... | [
"The effects for negative g-force can be more dangerous producing hyperemia and also psychotic episodes. In space, G forces are almost zero, which is called microgravity, meaning that the person is floating in the interior of the vessel. This happens because the gravity acts on the spaceship and in the body equally... |
How efficient is human power? | A 68 kg (150 lb) person walking at 4 km/h (2.5 mph) requires approximately 210 kilocalories (880 kJ) of food energy per hour, or 4.55 km/MJ. One 1 US gallon (~3.7854 liter) of gasoline contains about 114,000 BTU (120 MJ) of energy, so this converts to roughly 360 miles per US gallon (0.65 l/100 km).
A relatively light... | [
"Human factors can also be significant. Rohloff demonstrates that overall efficiency can be improved in some cases by using a slightly less efficient gear ratio when this leads to greater human efficiency (in converting food to pedal power) because a more effective pedalling speed is being used.\n",
"Power effici... |
Why were medieval cities in England smaller than ancient Mesopotamian cities? | Apples and oranges, my friend.
If you look back to [Roman London in the 2nd century, the population was about 60,000](_URL_0_). After the fall of the Roman empire, London continued to function as an Anglo-Saxon city but it didn't have the benefit of a major empire controlling and trading from it. It was a relatively ... | [
"In the European Middle Ages, virtually all large cities had city walls—Dubrovnik in Dalmatia is a well-preserved example—and more important cities had citadels, forts, or castles. Great effort was expended to ensure a good water supply inside the city in case of siege. In some cases, long tunnels were constructed ... |
How long have humans been using knots? | The knots are definitely prehistoric, the oldest fish net is over 9000 years old. The net was practically modern – instead of nylon, it was made of willow bark – so the earliest knots are probably quite a bit older. Chimpanzees are known to make knots in wild, so a good guess is that humans have been using knots as lon... | [
"Archaeologists have discovered that knot tying dates back to prehistoric times. Besides their uses such as recording information and tying objects together, knots have interested humans for their aesthetics and spiritual symbolism. Knots appear in various forms of Chinese artwork dating from several centuries BC (... |
what would happen if our solar system simply moved to another location? | Well, the entire solar system is moving at a fairly rapid clip through the galaxy; 7 km/sec, actually. So we move that distance about every 430 million years.
Unless there is something else where point B is (objects like another stellar system, stellar remnant, large planetary body), or it is in a different place in t... | [
"Thus, relative isolation is ultimately what a life-bearing system needs. If the Sun were crowded amongst other systems, the chance of being fatally close to dangerous radiation sources would increase significantly. Further, close neighbors might disrupt the stability of various orbiting bodies such as Oort cloud a... |
In Ancient Rome how difficult was it communicating with new tribes/kingdoms that spoke different languages? Would it take weeks, months or years to be able to understand each other enough to conduct trade, form alliances or negotiate peace? | I can only speak for the Roman Empire - and fortunately (since I answered a similar question last week) I can copy and paste an earlier reply:
In the eastern provinces, where knowledge of Greek was widespread, Roman generals and their staffs (who, as members of the elite, were usually conversant in Greek) had no probl... | [
"The entire process was facilitated by the Indo-European origin of most of the languages and by the similarity of the gods of many ancient cultures. They also already had had trade relations and contacts with one another through the seafaring Mediterranean cultures like the Phoenicians and the Greeks.\n",
"The st... |
Why were so many willing to fight for and defend the institution of slavery, even when they owned no slaves? | So when speaking about Southern society in the Antebellum period, what is important to understand is that the South was *not* simply a society in which people owned slaves, but rather it was a *slave society*. I hope that the difference is appreciable, but to make it clear, what I mean to say is that slavery permeated ... | [
"Throughout the war, slave were emancipating themselves. The two major events which allowed slaves to choose freedom were the increased possibility of escaping as white men who otherwise controlled slaves leaving the plantations for the Confederate Army and the advance of Union troops into close proximity. To preve... |
What can you tell us about the formation of national identities? | [Imagined Communities](_URL_0_), you can start there. | [
"National identity can be thought as a collective product. Through socialization, a system of beliefs, values, assumptions and expectations is transmitted to group members. The collective elements of national identity may include national symbols, traditions, and memories of national experiences and achievements. T... |
what is epistemology and ontology? | Epistemology asks the question "What is knowledge?"
Ontology asks the question "What is existence?" | [
"Epistemology – philosophy of knowledge. It is the study of knowledge and justified belief. It questions what knowledge is and how it can be acquired, and the extent to which knowledge pertinent to any given subject or entity can be acquired. Much of the debate in this field has focused on the philosophical analysi... |
why is it, when i hear a song i havn't heard in years, i can feel like i'm in the same mood and state of mind from when last i heard it. | I know exactly what you are talking about. And one reason that this might happen is due to classical conditioning. Have you heard of Pavlov and his dogs? A biologist, I believe, discovered that his [dogs salivated whenever he rung a bell](_URL_1_). Pavlov would ring a bell, wait for a bit, and then feed his dogs. After... | [
"Sometimes you know something's coming. You can feel it. In the air. In your gut. And you don't sleep at night. The voice in your head is telling you that something is going to go terribly wrong and there's nothing you can do to stop it. That's how I felt when my brother came home.\n",
"I remember that day, even ... |
when a fly comes into my house, is it happy to be there or would it rather be outside in its "natural" environment? | Insects are attracted to light. The fly doesn't doesn't know it's inside your house because it doesn't have the concept of indoors/outdoors. Just light. If you closed all your windows, turned off the lights, and left the door open, the fly will happily let itself out. And put away your food. | [
"Their flight is delicate and they have a circling flight to avoid walls when they are trapped indoors. The long streamer is conspicuous when the insects are flying and these are the elongated and spatulate hindwings.\n",
"The lesser house fly or little house fly, Fannia canicularis, is somewhat smaller () than t... |
how do bus stop buttons work? | Could it be that you had a button that never actually worked because they forgot to wire it up? :) | [
"Elevators often have a red two-way button on the control panel which is either marked \"Emergency Stop\" or \"Run/Stop\". Normally, the button is in the \"up\" or unpushed position, allowing the elevator to \"run\" in normal service. When the button is pushed, the elevator comes to an immediate stop. When the butt... |
The extent of the roman empires trading influence. | We do know that Roman coins and Indian goods have been found in South India and Rome respectively.
Indian traders used to trade till Egypt directly and Roman traders would take over from there and this process worked in the reverse.
Indian export guilds actively traded in Indian luxuries AND Wootz Steel with Egypt, R... | [
"Trade in the early Roman Empire allowed Rome to become as vast and great as it did. Emperor Augustus, despite his intense public and private spending, took control of trade from the government and expanded Roman influence by opening new trading markets in overseas areas such as Britain, Germany, and Africa. Rome d... |
why was samsung sued by apple for ui patent infringements when they use a google ui? | They heavily modify the UI. They use googles underlying operating system, but install touch wiz on top of it, which changes many of the behaviors. | [
"Apple initially sued Samsung on grounds of patent infringement, specifically European patents 2.059.868, 2.098.948, and 1.964.022. On the 24th of October, 2011, a court in the Hague ruled only a photo gallery app in Android 2.3 was indeed infringing a patent (EP 2.059.868), resulting in an import ban of three Sams... |
You hear often that is space you lose muscle mass because of atrophy from the 0 gravity. Is it actually possible to GAIN mass with enough exercise or is it always a losing battle? | I mean, you can work out and gain mass, but the statement about muscle is taking into account that you follow the same routine as in earth and were stabilized on not gainong/losing muscle.
What it means is that since you don't make work against gravity to walk, move things, etc. Doing the same workout with the same d... | [
"In the first two weeks that the muscles are unloaded from carrying the weight of the human frame during space flight, whole muscle atrophy begins. Postural muscles contain more slow fibers, and are more prone to atrophy than non-postural muscle groups. The loss of muscle mass occurs because of imbalances in protei... |
what are some civilizations that rose to a peak and than to a downfall? | Sorry, we don't allow ["trivia seeking" questions](_URL_1_). These tend to produce threads which are collections of disjointed, partial responses, and not the in-depth discussions about a particular topic we're looking for. If you have a specific question about an historical event, period, or person, please feel free... | [
"This period saw a systematic rise and fall of civilizations. Many civilizations went through the same cycle of creation, fluorescence, and fall of centralized states which include: the middle Elamite kingdom in western Iran, Kassite Babylonia in southern Mesopotamia, the Hittite new kingdom in Anatolia, and the ne... |
How prominent were gangs and outlaws in the wild west? | I'm not really a historian or qualified to answer this question on my own; however, I would point to Pierre Berton's book *Klondike: The Last Great Gold Rush* as an excellent read. The Klondike gold rush is later and far removed from what we typically think of as the wild west. Nevertheless, a lot of the actors in the ... | [
"A number of Old West gangs left a lasting impression on American history. While rare, the incidents were retold and embellished by dime novel and magazine authors during the late 19th century. The most notable shootouts took place on the American frontier in Arizona, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Some l... |
how does modern dsl achieve the speeds it does with using regular telephone wire/rj-11? | I work for ATT as a technician, and I may not be able to give you a super technical explanation, but I'll try.
Typical Cable companies use Coax to carry signal down the line. Coax cords have a string of copper on the center which is generally wrapped in a weave of metals with a rubber shell. They can push greater spe... | [
"Because of its fundamental role in carrying a single phone call, the DS0 rate forms the basis for the digital multiplex transmission hierarchy in telecommunications systems used in North America. To limit the number of wires required between two involved in exchanging voice calls, a system was built in which multi... |
If I were to adopt a child from 5,000 y/a and raise them in modern day America, would they grow up to be a "normal" person? | The [modern human](_URL_0_) is thought to of come about ~50,000 years ago. So any significant time before that (say 100,000 years) and you have an entirely different species. So 5,000 years ago they were just as intellectually equipped as we are today. But bring that back 50,000 years and it's questionable. | [
"Most people who live in the area are aged between 30 and 59. This tends to be couples who are likely to have children, due to there being a great number of people aged up to 14 years in the area and few single parents. In 1995 it was recorded that there were 0 single parents and 32 children aged 0–14.\n",
"Peopl... |
[chemistry] Do electrons ever switch places within the same atom? | Electrons don't come with labels, fundamentally. You can't distinguish "this" electron from "that" one, they're all identical. Whenever you have a system of multiple identical particles, the wavefunction for the system must include all possible combinations of each electron being at each position.
So the total wavefun... | [
"The electrons of a single, isolated atom occupy atomic orbitals each of which has a discrete energy level. When two or more atoms join together to form into a molecule, their atomic orbitals overlap. The Pauli exclusion principle dictates that no two electrons can have the same quantum numbers in a molecule. So if... |
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