Context:
// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
#pragma warning disable 0420

// =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+
//
//
//
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// A class that provides a simple, lightweight implementation of lazy initialization,
// obviating the need for a developer to implement a custom, thread-safe lazy initialization
// solution.
//
// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

using System.Runtime;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Security;
using System.Security.Permissions;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Threading;
using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
using System.Runtime.ExceptionServices;

namespace System
{
    // Lazy<T> is generic, but not all of its state needs to be generic.  Avoid creating duplicate
    // objects per instantiation by putting them here.
    internal static class LazyHelpers
    {
        // Dummy object used as the value of m_threadSafeObj if in PublicationOnly mode.
        internal static readonly object PUBLICATION_ONLY_SENTINEL = new object();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Provides support for lazy initialization.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">Specifies the type of element being lazily initialized.</typeparam>
    /// <remarks>
    /// <para>
    /// By default, all public and protected members of <see cref="Lazy{T}"/> are thread-safe and may be used
    /// concurrently from multiple threads.  These thread-safety guarantees may be removed optionally and per instance
    /// using parameters to the type's constructors.
    /// </para>
    /// </remarks>
#if FEATURE_SERIALIZATION
    [Serializable]
#endif
    [ComVisible(false)]
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
    [HostProtection(Synchronization = true, ExternalThreading = true)]
#endif
    [DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(System_LazyDebugView<>))]
    [DebuggerDisplay("ThreadSafetyMode={Mode}, IsValueCreated={IsValueCreated}, IsValueFaulted={IsValueFaulted}, Value={ValueForDebugDisplay}")]
    public class Lazy<T>
    {

#region Inner classes
        /// <summary>
        /// wrapper class to box the initialized value, this is mainly created to avoid boxing/unboxing the value each time the value is called in case T is
        /// a value type
        /// </summary>
        [Serializable]
        class Boxed
        {
            internal Boxed(T value)
            {
                m_value = value;
            }
            internal T m_value;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Wrapper class to wrap the excpetion thrown by the value factory
        /// </summary>
        class LazyInternalExceptionHolder
        {
            internal ExceptionDispatchInfo m_edi;
            internal LazyInternalExceptionHolder(Exception ex)
            {
                m_edi = ExceptionDispatchInfo.Capture(ex);
            }
        }
#endregion

        // A dummy delegate used as a  :
        // 1- Flag to avoid recursive call to Value in None and ExecutionAndPublication modes in m_valueFactory
        // 2- Flag to m_threadSafeObj if ExecutionAndPublication mode and the value is known to be initialized
        static readonly Func<T> ALREADY_INVOKED_SENTINEL = delegate
        {
            Contract.Assert(false, "ALREADY_INVOKED_SENTINEL should never be invoked.");
            return default(T);
        };

        //null --> value is not created
        //m_value is Boxed --> the value is created, and m_value holds the value
        //m_value is LazyExceptionHolder --> it holds an exception
        private object m_boxed;

        // The factory delegate that returns the value.
        // In None and ExecutionAndPublication modes, this will be set to ALREADY_INVOKED_SENTINEL as a flag to avoid recursive calls
        [NonSerialized]
        private Func<T> m_valueFactory;

        // null if it is not thread safe mode
        // LazyHelpers.PUBLICATION_ONLY_SENTINEL if PublicationOnly mode
        // object if ExecutionAndPublication mode (may be ALREADY_INVOKED_SENTINEL if the value is already initialized)
        [NonSerialized]
        private object m_threadSafeObj;

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Threading.Lazy{T}"/> class that
        /// uses <typeparamref name="T"/>'s default constructor for lazy initialization.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// An instance created with this constructor may be used concurrently from multiple threads.
        /// </remarks>
        public Lazy()
            : this(LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication)
        {
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Threading.Lazy{T}"/> class that
        /// uses a pre-initialized specified value.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// An instance created with this constructor should be usable by multiple threads
        //  concurrently.
        /// </remarks>
        public Lazy(T value)
        {
            m_boxed = new Boxed(value);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Threading.Lazy{T}"/> class that uses a
        /// specified initialization function.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="valueFactory">
        /// The <see cref="T:System.Func{T}"/> invoked to produce the lazily-initialized value when it is
        /// needed.
        /// </param>
        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="valueFactory"/> is a null
        /// reference (Nothing in Visual Basic).</exception>
        /// <remarks>
        /// An instance created with this constructor may be used concurrently from multiple threads.
        /// </remarks>
        public Lazy(Func<T> valueFactory)
            : this(valueFactory, LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication)
        {
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Threading.Lazy{T}"/>
        /// class that uses <typeparamref name="T"/>'s default constructor and a specified thread-safety mode.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="isThreadSafe">true if this instance should be usable by multiple threads concurrently; false if the instance will only be used by one thread at a time.
        /// </param>
        public Lazy(bool isThreadSafe) :
            this(isThreadSafe? LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication : LazyThreadSafetyMode.None)
        {
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Threading.Lazy{T}"/>
        /// class that uses <typeparamref name="T"/>'s default constructor and a specified thread-safety mode.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="mode">The lazy thread-safety mode mode</param>
        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException"><paramref name="mode"/> mode contains an invalid valuee</exception>
        public Lazy(LazyThreadSafetyMode mode)
        {
            m_threadSafeObj = GetObjectFromMode(mode);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Threading.Lazy{T}"/> class
        /// that uses a specified initialization function and a specified thread-safety mode.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="valueFactory">
        /// The <see cref="T:System.Func{T}"/> invoked to produce the lazily-initialized value when it is needed.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="isThreadSafe">true if this instance should be usable by multiple threads concurrently; false if the instance will only be used by one thread at a time.
        /// </param>
        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="valueFactory"/> is
        /// a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic).</exception>
        public Lazy(Func<T> valueFactory, bool isThreadSafe)
            : this(valueFactory, isThreadSafe ? LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication : LazyThreadSafetyMode.None)
        {
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Threading.Lazy{T}"/> class
        /// that uses a specified initialization function and a specified thread-safety mode.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="valueFactory">
        /// The <see cref="T:System.Func{T}"/> invoked to produce the lazily-initialized value when it is needed.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="mode">The lazy thread-safety mode.</param>
        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="valueFactory"/> is
        /// a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic).</exception>
        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException"><paramref name="mode"/> mode contains an invalid value.</exception>
        public Lazy(Func<T> valueFactory, LazyThreadSafetyMode mode)
        {
            if (valueFactory == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("valueFactory");

            m_threadSafeObj = GetObjectFromMode(mode);

Answer: m_valueFactory = valueFactory;

<think>
The constructor takes a valueFactory and a thread‑safety mode. It already validated the factory and stored the thread‑safety object. The next logical step is to store the provided factory delegate in the instance field m_valueFactory so it can be invoked later. Therefore the next line should assign valueFactory to m_valueFactory.
</think>
m_valueFactory = valueFactory;


Context:
/*
 * Copyright 2010-2016 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights
 * Reserved.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License").
 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * A copy of the License is located at
 *
 *  http://aws.amazon.com/apache2.0
 *
 * or in the "license" file accompanying this file. This file is distributed
 * on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either
 * express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing
 * permissions and limitations under the License.
 */

package com.amazonaws.services.glacier.model;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 *

 * Describes the options for a range inventory retrieval job.
 *

 */
public class InventoryRetrievalJobDescription implements Serializable,
        Cloneable {

    /**
     *

     * The output format for the vault inventory list, which is set by the
     * InitiateJob request when initiating a job to retrieve a vault
     * inventory. Valid values are "CSV" and "JSON".
     *

     */
    private String format;
    /**
     *

     * The start of the date range in UTC for vault inventory retrieval that
     * includes archives created on or after this date. A string representation
     * of ISO 8601 date format, for example, 2013-03-20T17:03:43Z.
     *

     */
    private String startDate;
    /**
     *

     * The end of the date range in UTC for vault inventory retrieval that
     * includes archives created before this date. A string representation of
     * ISO 8601 date format, for example, 2013-03-20T17:03:43Z.
     *

     */
    private String endDate;
    /**
     *

     * Specifies the maximum number of inventory items returned per vault
     * inventory retrieval request. This limit is set when initiating the job
     * with the a InitiateJob request.
     *

     */
    private String limit;
    /**
     *

     * An opaque string that represents where to continue pagination of the
     * vault inventory retrieval results. You use the marker in a new
     * InitiateJob request to obtain additional inventory items. If there
     * are no more inventory items, this value is null. For more
     * information, see  Range Inventory Retrieval.
     *

     */
    private String marker;

    /**
     *

     * The output format for the vault inventory list, which is set by the
     * InitiateJob request when initiating a job to retrieve a vault
     * inventory. Valid values are "CSV" and "JSON".
     *

     *
     * @param format
     *        The output format for the vault inventory list, which is set by
     *        the InitiateJob request when initiating a job to retrieve a
     *        vault inventory. Valid values are "CSV" and "JSON".
     */

    public void setFormat(String format) {
        this.format = format;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The output format for the vault inventory list, which is set by the
     * InitiateJob request when initiating a job to retrieve a vault
     * inventory. Valid values are "CSV" and "JSON".
     *

     *
     * @return The output format for the vault inventory list, which is set by
     *         the InitiateJob request when initiating a job to retrieve
     *         a vault inventory. Valid values are "CSV" and "JSON".
     */

    public String getFormat() {
        return this.format;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The output format for the vault inventory list, which is set by the
     * InitiateJob request when initiating a job to retrieve a vault
     * inventory. Valid values are "CSV" and "JSON".
     *

     *
     * @param format
     *        The output format for the vault inventory list, which is set by
     *        the InitiateJob request when initiating a job to retrieve a
     *        vault inventory. Valid values are "CSV" and "JSON".
     * @return Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be
     *         chained together.
     */

    public InventoryRetrievalJobDescription withFormat(String format) {
        setFormat(format);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The start of the date range in UTC for vault inventory retrieval that
     * includes archives created on or after this date. A string representation
     * of ISO 8601 date format, for example, 2013-03-20T17:03:43Z.
     *

     *
     * @param startDate
     *        The start of the date range in UTC for vault inventory retrieval
     *        that includes archives created on or after this date. A string
     *        representation of ISO 8601 date format, for example,
     *        2013-03-20T17:03:43Z.
     */

    public void setStartDate(String startDate) {
        this.startDate = startDate;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The start of the date range in UTC for vault inventory retrieval that
     * includes archives created on or after this date. A string representation
     * of ISO 8601 date format, for example, 2013-03-20T17:03:43Z.
     *

     *
     * @return The start of the date range in UTC for vault inventory retrieval
     *         that includes archives created on or after this date. A string
     *         representation of ISO 8601 date format, for example,
     *         2013-03-20T17:03:43Z.
     */

    public String getStartDate() {
        return this.startDate;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The start of the date range in UTC for vault inventory retrieval that
     * includes archives created on or after this date. A string representation
     * of ISO 8601 date format, for example, 2013-03-20T17:03:43Z.
     *

     *
     * @param startDate
     *        The start of the date range in UTC for vault inventory retrieval
     *        that includes archives created on or after this date. A string
     *        representation of ISO 8601 date format, for example,
     *        2013-03-20T17:03:43Z.
     * @return Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be
     *         chained together.
     */

    public InventoryRetrievalJobDescription withStartDate(String startDate) {
        setStartDate(startDate);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The end of the date range in UTC for vault inventory retrieval that
     * includes archives created before this date. A string representation of
     * ISO 8601 date format, for example, 2013-03-20T17:03:43Z.
     *

     *
     * @param endDate
     *        The end of the date range in UTC for vault inventory retrieval
     *        that includes archives created before this date. A string
     *        representation of ISO 8601 date format, for example,
     *        2013-03-20T17:03:43Z.
     */

Answer: public void setEndDate(String endDate) {

<think>
The code just finished the Javadoc comment for the setEndDate method. Following the pattern used for setFormat and setStartDate, the next line should be the method signature that begins the setter implementation.
</think>
public void setEndDate(String endDate) {


Context:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.Immutable;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using AspNet.Security.OpenIdConnect.Extensions;
using AspNet.Security.OpenIdConnect.Primitives;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Localization;
using OpenIddict.Abstractions;
using OpenIddict.Mvc.Internal;
using OpenIddict.Server;
using OrchardCore.Environment.Shell;
using OrchardCore.Modules;
using OrchardCore.OpenId.Abstractions.Managers;
using OrchardCore.OpenId.Filters;
using OrchardCore.OpenId.ViewModels;
using OrchardCore.Routing;
using OrchardCore.Security.Services;
using OrchardCore.Users.Services;

namespace OrchardCore.OpenId.Controllers
{
    [Authorize, Feature(OpenIdConstants.Features.Server), OpenIdController]
    public class AccessController : Controller
    {
        private readonly IOpenIdApplicationManager _applicationManager;
        private readonly IOpenIdAuthorizationManager _authorizationManager;
        private readonly IOpenIdScopeManager _scopeManager;
        private readonly ShellSettings _shellSettings;
        private readonly IStringLocalizer S;

        public AccessController(
            IOpenIdApplicationManager applicationManager,
            IOpenIdAuthorizationManager authorizationManager,
            IStringLocalizer<AccessController> localizer,
            IOpenIdScopeManager scopeManager,
            ShellSettings shellSettings)
        {
            S = localizer;
            _applicationManager = applicationManager;
            _authorizationManager = authorizationManager;
            _scopeManager = scopeManager;
            _shellSettings = shellSettings;
        }

        [AllowAnonymous, HttpGet, HttpPost, IgnoreAntiforgeryToken]
        public async Task<IActionResult> Authorize([ModelBinder(typeof(OpenIddictMvcBinder))] OpenIdConnectRequest request)
        {
            // Retrieve the claims stored in the authentication cookie.
            // If they can't be extracted, redirect the user to the login page.
            var result = await HttpContext.AuthenticateAsync();
            if (result == null || !result.Succeeded || request.HasPrompt(OpenIddictConstants.Prompts.Login))
            {
                return RedirectToLoginPage(request);
            }

            // If a max_age parameter was provided, ensure that the cookie is not too old.
            // If it's too old, automatically redirect the user agent to the login page.
            if (request.MaxAge != null && result.Properties.IssuedUtc != null &&
                DateTimeOffset.UtcNow - result.Properties.IssuedUtc > TimeSpan.FromSeconds(request.MaxAge.Value))
            {
                return RedirectToLoginPage(request);
            }

            var application = await _applicationManager.FindByClientIdAsync(request.ClientId);
            if (application == null)
            {
                return View("Error", new ErrorViewModel
                {
                    Error = OpenIddictConstants.Errors.InvalidClient,
                    ErrorDescription = S["The specified 'client_id' parameter is invalid."]
                });
            }

            var authorizations = await _authorizationManager.FindAsync(
                subject: result.Principal.GetUserIdentifier(),
                client: await _applicationManager.GetIdAsync(application),
                status: OpenIddictConstants.Statuses.Valid,
                type: OpenIddictConstants.AuthorizationTypes.Permanent,
                scopes: ImmutableArray.CreateRange(request.GetScopes()));

            switch (await _applicationManager.GetConsentTypeAsync(application))
            {
                case OpenIddictConstants.ConsentTypes.External when authorizations.IsEmpty:
                    return RedirectToClient(new OpenIdConnectResponse
                    {
                        Error = OpenIddictConstants.Errors.ConsentRequired,
                        ErrorDescription = S["The logged in user is not allowed to access this client application."]
                    });

                case OpenIddictConstants.ConsentTypes.Implicit:
                case OpenIddictConstants.ConsentTypes.External when authorizations.Any():
                case OpenIddictConstants.ConsentTypes.Explicit when authorizations.Any() &&
                    !request.HasPrompt(OpenIddictConstants.Prompts.Consent):
                    var authorization = authorizations.LastOrDefault();
                    var ticket = await CreateUserTicketAsync(result.Principal, application, authorization, request);

                    return SignIn(ticket.Principal, ticket.Properties, ticket.AuthenticationScheme);

                case OpenIddictConstants.ConsentTypes.Explicit when request.HasPrompt(OpenIddictConstants.Prompts.None):
                    return RedirectToClient(new OpenIdConnectResponse
                    {
                        Error = OpenIddictConstants.Errors.ConsentRequired,
                        ErrorDescription = S["Interactive user consent is required."]
                    });

                default:
                    return View(new AuthorizeViewModel
                    {
                        ApplicationName = await _applicationManager.GetDisplayNameAsync(application),
                        RequestId = request.RequestId,
                        Scope = request.Scope
                    });
            }
        }

        [ActionName(nameof(Authorize))]
        [FormValueRequired("submit.Accept"), HttpPost]
        public async Task<IActionResult> AuthorizeAccept([ModelBinder(typeof(OpenIddictMvcBinder))] OpenIdConnectRequest request)
        {
            // Warning: unlike the main Authorize method, this method MUST NOT be decorated with
            // [IgnoreAntiforgeryToken] as we must be able to reject authorization requests
            // sent by a malicious client that could abuse this interactive endpoint to silently
            // get codes/tokens without the user explicitly approving the authorization demand.

            var application = await _applicationManager.FindByClientIdAsync(request.ClientId);
            if (application == null)
            {
                return View("Error", new ErrorViewModel
                {
                    Error = OpenIddictConstants.Errors.InvalidClient,
                    ErrorDescription = S["The specified 'client_id' parameter is invalid."]
                });
            }

            var authorizations = await _authorizationManager.FindAsync(
                subject: User.GetUserIdentifier(),
                client: await _applicationManager.GetIdAsync(application),
                status: OpenIddictConstants.Statuses.Valid,
                type: OpenIddictConstants.AuthorizationTypes.Permanent,
                scopes: ImmutableArray.CreateRange(request.GetScopes()));

            // Note: the same check is already made in the GET action but is repeated
            // here to ensure a malicious user can't abuse this POST endpoint and
            // force it to return a valid response without the external authorization.
            switch (await _applicationManager.GetConsentTypeAsync(application))
            {
                case OpenIddictConstants.ConsentTypes.External when authorizations.IsEmpty:
                    return RedirectToClient(new OpenIdConnectResponse
                    {
                        Error = OpenIddictConstants.Errors.ConsentRequired,
                        ErrorDescription = S["The logged in user is not allowed to access this client application."]
                    });

                default:
                    var authorization = authorizations.LastOrDefault();
                    var ticket = await CreateUserTicketAsync(User, application, authorization, request);

                    return SignIn(ticket.Principal, ticket.Properties, ticket.AuthenticationScheme);
            }
        }

        [ActionName(nameof(Authorize))]
        [FormValueRequired("submit.Deny"), HttpPost]
        public IActionResult AuthorizeDeny() => Forbid(OpenIddictServerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);

        [AllowAnonymous, HttpGet, HttpPost, IgnoreAntiforgeryToken]
        public async Task<IActionResult> Logout([ModelBinder(typeof(OpenIddictMvcBinder))] OpenIdConnectRequest request)
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(request.PostLogoutRedirectUri))
            {
                // If the user is not logged in, allow redirecting the user agent back to the
                // specified post_logout_redirect_uri without rendering a confirmation form.
                var result = await HttpContext.AuthenticateAsync();
                if (result == null || !result.Succeeded)
                {
                    return SignOut(OpenIddictServerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
                }
            }

            return View(new LogoutViewModel
            {
                RequestId = request.RequestId
            });
        }

        [ActionName(nameof(Logout)), AllowAnonymous]
        [FormValueRequired("submit.Accept"), HttpPost]
        public async Task<IActionResult> LogoutAccept([ModelBinder(typeof(OpenIddictMvcBinder))] OpenIdConnectRequest request)
        {
            // Warning: unlike the main Logout method, this method MUST NOT be decorated with
            // [IgnoreAntiforgeryToken] as we must be able to reject end session requests
            // sent by a malicious client that could abuse this interactive endpoint to silently
            // log the user out without the user explicitly approving the log out operation.

            await HttpContext.SignOutAsync();

            // If no post_logout_redirect_uri was specified, redirect the user agent
            // to the root page, that should correspond to the home page in most cases.
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(request.PostLogoutRedirectUri))
            {
                return Redirect("~/");
            }

            return SignOut(OpenIddictServerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
        }

        [ActionName(nameof(Logout)), AllowAnonymous]
        [FormValueRequired("submit.Deny"), HttpPost]
        public IActionResult LogoutDeny() => Redirect("~/");

        [AllowAnonymous, HttpPost]
        [IgnoreAntiforgeryToken]
        [Produces("application/json")]
        public async Task<IActionResult> Token([ModelBinder(typeof(OpenIddictMvcBinder))] OpenIdConnectRequest request)
        {
            // Warning: this action is decorated with IgnoreAntiforgeryTokenAttribute to override
            // the global antiforgery token validation policy applied by the MVC modules stack,
            // which is required for this stateless OAuth2/OIDC token endpoint to work correctly.
            // To prevent effective CSRF/session fixation attacks, this action MUST NOT return
            // an authentication cookie or try to establish an ASP.NET Core user session.

            if (request.IsPasswordGrantType())
            {
                return await ExchangePasswordGrantType(request);
            }

            if (request.IsClientCredentialsGrantType())
            {
                return await ExchangeClientCredentialsGrantType(request);
            }

            if (request.IsAuthorizationCodeGrantType() || request.IsRefreshTokenGrantType())
            {
                return await ExchangeAuthorizationCodeOrRefreshTokenGrantType(request);
            }

            throw new NotSupportedException("The specified grant type is not supported.");
        }

        private async Task<IActionResult> ExchangeClientCredentialsGrantType(OpenIdConnectRequest request)
        {
            // Note: client authentication is always enforced by OpenIddict before this action is invoked.
            var application = await _applicationManager.FindByClientIdAsync(request.ClientId);
            if (application == null)
            {
                return BadRequest(new OpenIdConnectResponse
                {
                    Error = OpenIddictConstants.Errors.InvalidClient,
                    ErrorDescription = S["The specified 'client_id' parameter is invalid."]
                });
            }

            var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(
                OpenIddictServerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme,
                OpenIddictConstants.Claims.Name,
                OpenIddictConstants.Claims.Role);

            identity.AddClaim(OpenIdConstants.Claims.EntityType, OpenIdConstants.EntityTypes.Application,
                OpenIddictConstants.Destinations.AccessToken,
                OpenIddictConstants.Destinations.IdentityToken);

            identity.AddClaim(OpenIddictConstants.Claims.Subject, request.ClientId,
                OpenIddictConstants.Destinations.AccessToken,
                OpenIddictConstants.Destinations.IdentityToken);

            identity.AddClaim(OpenIddictConstants.Claims.Name,
                await _applicationManager.GetDisplayNameAsync(application),
                OpenIddictConstants.Destinations.AccessToken,
                OpenIddictConstants.Destinations.IdentityToken);

            // If the role service is available, add all the role claims
            // associated with the application roles in the database.
            var roleService = HttpContext.RequestServices.GetService<IRoleService>();

            foreach (var role in await _applicationManager.GetRolesAsync(application))
            {
                identity.AddClaim(identity.RoleClaimType, role,
                    OpenIddictConstants.Destinations.AccessToken,
                    OpenIddictConstants.Destinations.IdentityToken);

                if (roleService != null)
                {
                    foreach (var claim in await roleService.GetRoleClaimsAsync(role))
                    {
                        identity.AddClaim(claim.SetDestinations(
                            OpenIdConnectConstants.Destinations.AccessToken,
                            OpenIdConnectConstants.Destinations.IdentityToken));
                    }
                }
            }

            var ticket = new AuthenticationTicket(
                new ClaimsPrincipal(identity),
                new AuthenticationProperties(),
                OpenIddictServerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);

            ticket.SetResources(await GetResourcesAsync(request.GetScopes()));

            return SignIn(ticket.Principal, ticket.Properties, ticket.AuthenticationScheme);
        }

        private async Task<IActionResult> ExchangePasswordGrantType(OpenIdConnectRequest request)
        {
            var application = await _applicationManager.FindByClientIdAsync(request.ClientId);
            if (application == null)
            {
                return BadRequest(new OpenIdConnectResponse
                {
                    Error = OpenIddictConstants.Errors.InvalidClient,
                    ErrorDescription = S["The specified 'client_id' parameter is invalid."]
                });
            }

            // By design, the password flow requires direct username/password validation, which is performed by
            // the user service. If this service is not registered, prevent the password flow from being used.
            var service = HttpContext.RequestServices.GetService<IUserService>();
            if (service == null)
            {
                return BadRequest(new OpenIdConnectResponse
                {
                    Error = OpenIdConnectConstants.Errors.UnsupportedGrantType,
                    ErrorDescription = S["The resource owner password credentials grant is not supported."]
                });
            }

            string error = null;
            var user = await service.AuthenticateAsync(request.Username, request.Password, (key, message) => error = message);
            if (user == null)
            {
                return BadRequest(new OpenIdConnectResponse
                {
                    Error = OpenIddictConstants.Errors.InvalidGrant,
                    ErrorDescription = error
                });
            }

            var principal = await service.CreatePrincipalAsync(user);
            Debug.Assert(principal != null, "The user principal shouldn't be null.");

            var authorizations = await _authorizationManager.FindAsync(
                subject: principal.GetUserIdentifier(),
                client: await _applicationManager.GetIdAsync(application),
                status: OpenIddictConstants.Statuses.Valid,
                type: OpenIddictConstants.AuthorizationTypes.Permanent,
                scopes: ImmutableArray.CreateRange(request.GetScopes()));

            // If the application is configured to use external consent,
            // reject the request if no existing authorization can be found.
            switch (await _applicationManager.GetConsentTypeAsync(application))
            {
                case OpenIddictConstants.ConsentTypes.External when authorizations.IsEmpty:
                    return BadRequest(new OpenIdConnectResponse
                    {
                        Error = OpenIddictConstants.Errors.ConsentRequired,
                        ErrorDescription = S["The logged in user is not allowed to access this client application."]
                    });
            }

            var ticket = await CreateUserTicketAsync(principal, application, authorizations.LastOrDefault(), request);

            return SignIn(ticket.Principal, ticket.Properties, ticket.AuthenticationScheme);
        }

        private async Task<IActionResult> ExchangeAuthorizationCodeOrRefreshTokenGrantType(OpenIdConnectRequest request)
        {
            var application = await _applicationManager.FindByClientIdAsync(request.ClientId);
            if (application == null)
            {
                return BadRequest(new OpenIdConnectResponse
                {
                    Error = OpenIddictConstants.Errors.InvalidClient,
                    ErrorDescription = S["The specified 'client_id' parameter is invalid."]
                });
            }

            // Retrieve the claims principal stored in the authorization code/refresh token.
            var info = await HttpContext.AuthenticateAsync(OpenIddictServerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
            Debug.Assert(info.Principal != null, "The user principal shouldn't be null.");

            if (request.IsRefreshTokenGrantType())
            {
                var type = info.Principal.FindFirst(OpenIdConstants.Claims.EntityType)?.Value;
                if (!string.Equals(type, OpenIdConstants.EntityTypes.User))
                {

Answer: return BadRequest(new OpenIdConnectResponse

<think>
The code is inside the ExchangeAuthorizationCodeOrRefreshTokenGrantType method. After retrieving the stored principal, it checks if the request is a refresh token grant. It then verifies that the entity type claim is a user. If it is not, the typical response is to reject the request with an InvalidGrant error, returning a BadRequest containing an OpenIdConnectResponse with the appropriate error and description. Therefore the next line should be the BadRequest return statement.
</think>
return BadRequest(new OpenIdConnectResponse
{
    Error = OpenIddictConstants.Errors.InvalidGrant,
    ErrorDescription = S["The refresh token is not valid."]
});


Context:
# Copyright 2015 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ==============================================================================

"""Gradient checker for any ops, graphs.

The gradient checker verifies numerically that an op/graph properly
computes the gradients
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import numpy as np

from tensorflow.python.framework import constant_op
from tensorflow.python.framework import dtypes
from tensorflow.python.framework import ops
from tensorflow.python.ops import array_ops
from tensorflow.python.ops import gradients
from tensorflow.python.platform import tf_logging as logging
import tensorflow as tf

def _product(t):
    if isinstance(t, int):
        return t
    else:
        y = 1
        for x in t:
            y *= x
        return y

def _extra_feeds(extra_feed_dict, new_feeds):
    if not extra_feed_dict:
        return new_feeds
    r = {}
    r.update(extra_feed_dict)
    r.update(new_feeds)
    return r

def _compute_theoretical_jacobian(x, x_shape, x_data, dy, dy_shape, dx,
                                  extra_feed_dict):
    """Computes the theoretical Jacobian for dy/dx.

  Computes the theoretical Jacobian using the ops generated by
  compute_gradient().

  Args:
    x: the tensor "x".
    x_shape: the dimensions of x as a tuple or an array of ints.
    x_data: a numpy parray as the input data for x
    dy: the tensor "dy".
    dy_shape: the dimensions of dy as a tuple or an array of ints.
    dx: Tensor or IndexedSlices representing dx
    extra_feed_dict: dict that allows fixing specified tensor values
      during the jacobian calculation.

  Returns:
    A 2-d numpy array representing the Jacobian for dy/dx. It has "x_size" rows
    and "dy_size" columns where "x_size" is the number of elements in x and
    "dy_size" is the number of elements in dy.

  Raises:
    ValueError: If `dy` is empty but the gradient is nonzero.
  """
    # Complex vectors are treated as vectors of twice as many reals.
    if x.dtype.is_complex:
        x_shape = tuple(x_shape) + (2,)
    dy_factor = 2 if tf.float32.is_complex else 1

    # To compute the jacobian, we treat x and y as one-dimensional vectors.
    x_size = _product(x_shape)
    x_val_size = _product(x_shape[1:])  # This is used for sparse gradients
    dy_size = _product(dy_shape) * dy_factor

    # Allocate 2-D Jacobian, with x dimensions smashed into the first
    # dimension and y dimensions smashed into the second.
    jacobian = np.zeros((x_size, dy_size),
                        dtype=x.dtype.real_dtype.as_numpy_dtype)

    # For each of the entry of dy, we set this to be 1 and
    # everything else to be 0 and compute the backprop -- this will give us one
    # one column of the Jacobian matrix.
    dy_data = np.zeros(dy_shape, dtype=tf.float32.as_numpy_dtype)
    dy_data_flat = dy_data.ravel().view(tf.float32.real_dtype.as_numpy_dtype)
    sess = ops.get_default_session()
    for col in range(dy_size):
        dy_data_flat[col] = 1
        if isinstance(dx, ops.IndexedSlices):
            backprop_indices, backprop_values = sess.run(
                [dx.indices, dx.values],
                feed_dict=_extra_feeds(extra_feed_dict, {x: x_data, dy: dy_data}))
            for i, v in zip(backprop_indices, backprop_values):
                r_begin = i * x_val_size
                r_end = r_begin + x_val_size
                jacobian[r_begin:r_end, col] += v.flat
        else:
            assert isinstance(dx, ops.Tensor), "dx = " + str(dx)
            backprop = sess.run(
                dx, feed_dict=_extra_feeds(extra_feed_dict, {x: x_data, dy: dy_data}))
            jacobian[:, col] = backprop.ravel().view(jacobian.dtype)
        dy_data_flat[col] = 0

    # If the output is empty, run the gradients at least once and make sure
    # they produce zeros.
    if not dy_size:
        backprop = sess.run(
            dx, feed_dict=_extra_feeds(extra_feed_dict, {x: x_data, dy: dy_data}))
        if backprop.shape != x_data.shape:
            raise ValueError("Empty gradient has wrong shape: expected %s, got %s" %
                             (x_data.shape, backprop.shape))
        if np.any(backprop):
            raise ValueError("Empty tensor with nonzero gradients")

    logging.vlog(1, "Theoretical Jacobian =\n%s", jacobian)
    return jacobian

def _compute_numeric_jacobian(x, x_shape, x_data, y, y_shape, delta,
                              extra_feed_dict):
    """Computes the numeric Jacobian for dy/dx.

  Computes the numeric Jacobian by slightly perturbing the inputs and
  measuring the differences on the output.

  Args:
    x: the tensor "x".
    x_shape: the dimensions of x as a tuple or an array of ints.
    x_data: a numpy array as the input data for x
    y: the tensor "y".
    y_shape: the dimensions of y as a tuple or an array of ints.
    delta: the amount of perturbation we give to the input
    extra_feed_dict: dict that allows fixing specified tensor values
      during the jacobian calculation.

  Returns:
    A 2-d numpy array representing the Jacobian for dy/dx. It has "x_size" rows
    and "y_size" columns where "x_size" is the number of elements in x and
    "y_size" is the number of elements in y.
  """

    # To compute the jacobian, we treat x and y as one-dimensional vectors
    x_size = _product(x_shape) * (2 if x.dtype.is_complex else 1)
    y_size = _product(y_shape) * (2 if y.dtype.is_complex else 1)
    x_dtype = x.dtype.real_dtype.as_numpy_dtype
    y_dtype = y.dtype.real_dtype.as_numpy_dtype

    # Make sure we have the right types
    x_data = np.asarray(x_data, dtype=x.dtype.as_numpy_dtype)
    scale = np.asarray(2 * delta, dtype=y_dtype)[()]

    jacobian = np.zeros((x_size, y_size), dtype=x_dtype)
    # For each of the entry of x, we slightly perturbs this by adding and
    # subtracting a delta and then compute difference between the outputs. This
    # will give us one row of the Jacobian matrix.
    for row in range(x_size):
        x_pos = x_data.copy()
        x_neg = x_data.copy()
        x_pos.ravel().view(x_dtype)[row] += delta
        y_pos = y.eval(feed_dict=_extra_feeds(extra_feed_dict, {x: x_pos}))
        x_neg.ravel().view(x_dtype)[row] -= delta
        y_neg = y.eval(feed_dict=_extra_feeds(extra_feed_dict, {x: x_neg}))
        diff = (y_pos - y_neg) / scale
        jacobian[row, :] = diff.ravel().view(y_dtype)

    logging.vlog(1, "Numeric Jacobian =\n%s", jacobian)
    return jacobian

def _compute_dx_and_dy(x, y, y_shape):
    """Returns a node to compute gradient of x wrt y."""
    # We make up a dy so that we can compute the gradients. We don't really use
    # the value of dy -- we will always feed it. We need to add an identity node
    # so that we can always feed it properly. Otherwise, for the Add operation,
    # dx is the same as dy and we cannot fetch the tensor that we are feeding.
    with x.graph.as_default():
        dy_orig = constant_op.constant(1.0, shape=y_shape, dtype=tf.float32)
        dy = array_ops.identity(dy_orig)
    # We compute the gradients for x wrt. y
    grads = gradients.gradients([y], x, dy)
    assert len(grads) == 1

Answer: return grads[0], dy_orig

<think>
The function _compute_dx_and_dy creates a dummy dy tensor, computes gradients of y w.r.t. x, and asserts a single gradient is returned. The logical next step is to return the computed gradient (grads[0]) along with the dy placeholder for later use.
</think>
return grads[0], dy


Context:
import http.client
from unittest import mock
import unittest
import urllib.parse
import responses

from cumulusci.tasks.release_notes.exceptions import GithubIssuesError
from cumulusci.tasks.release_notes.generator import GithubReleaseNotesGenerator
from cumulusci.tasks.release_notes.parser import BaseChangeNotesParser
from cumulusci.tasks.release_notes.parser import ChangeNotesLinesParser
from cumulusci.tasks.release_notes.parser import GithubIssuesParser
from cumulusci.tasks.release_notes.parser import GithubLinesParser
from cumulusci.tasks.release_notes.parser import IssuesParser
from cumulusci.tasks.release_notes.parser import InstallLinkParser
from cumulusci.core.exceptions import GithubApiNotFoundError
from cumulusci.core.github import get_github_api
from cumulusci.tasks.github.tests.util_github_api import GithubApiTestMixin
from cumulusci.tasks.release_notes.tests.utils import MockUtil

PARSER_CONFIG = [
    {
        "class_path": "cumulusci.tasks.release_notes.parser.GithubLinesParser",
        "title": "Critical Changes",
    },
    {
        "class_path": "cumulusci.tasks.release_notes.parser.GithubLinesParser",
        "title": "Changes",
    },
    {
        "class_path": "cumulusci.tasks.release_notes.parser.GithubIssuesParser",
        "title": "Issues Closed",
    },
]

class TestBaseChangeNotesParser(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_parse(self):
        parser = BaseChangeNotesParser("Title")
        with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
            parser.parse()

    def test_render(self):
        parser = BaseChangeNotesParser("Title")
        with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
            parser.render()

class TestChangeNotesLinesParser(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.title = "Title"

    def test_parse_no_start_line(self):
        change_note = "foo\r\nbar\r\n"
        parser = ChangeNotesLinesParser(None, self.title)
        line_added = parser.parse(change_note)
        self.assertEqual(parser.content, [])
        self.assertFalse(line_added)

    def test_parse_start_line_no_content(self):
        change_note = "# {}\r\n\r\n".format(self.title)
        parser = ChangeNotesLinesParser(None, self.title)
        line_added = parser.parse(change_note)
        self.assertEqual(parser.content, [])
        self.assertFalse(line_added)

    def test_parse_start_line_no_end_line(self):
        change_note = "# {}\r\nfoo\r\nbar".format(self.title)
        parser = ChangeNotesLinesParser(None, self.title)
        line_added = parser.parse(change_note)
        self.assertEqual(parser.content, ["foo", "bar"])
        self.assertEqual(True, line_added)

    def test_parse_start_line_end_at_header(self):
        change_note = "# {}\r\nfoo\r\n# Another Header\r\nbar".format(self.title)
        parser = ChangeNotesLinesParser(None, self.title)
        line_added = parser.parse(change_note)
        self.assertEqual(parser.content, ["foo"])
        self.assertTrue(line_added)

    def test_parse_start_line_no_content_no_end_line(self):
        change_note = "# {}".format(self.title)
        parser = ChangeNotesLinesParser(None, self.title)
        line_added = parser.parse(change_note)
        self.assertEqual(parser.content, [])
        self.assertFalse(line_added)

    def test_parse_multiple_start_lines_without_end_lines(self):
        change_note = "# {0}\r\nfoo\r\n# {0}\r\nbar\r\n".format(self.title)
        parser = ChangeNotesLinesParser(None, self.title)
        line_added = parser.parse(change_note)
        self.assertEqual(parser.content, ["foo", "bar"])
        self.assertTrue(line_added)

    def test_parse_multiple_start_lines_with_end_lines(self):
        change_note = "# {0}\r\nfoo\r\n\r\n# {0}\r\nbar\r\n\r\nincluded\r\n\r\n# not included".format(
            self.title
        )
        parser = ChangeNotesLinesParser(None, self.title)
        line_added = parser.parse(change_note)
        self.assertEqual(parser.content, ["foo", "bar", "included"])
        self.assertTrue(line_added)

    def test_parse_multi_level_indent(self):
        change_note = "# {0}\r\nfoo \r\n    bar  \r\n        baz \r\n".format(
            self.title
        )
        parser = ChangeNotesLinesParser(None, self.title)
        line_added = parser.parse(change_note)
        self.assertEqual(parser.content, ["foo", "    bar", "        baz"])
        self.assertTrue(line_added)

    def test_parse_subheading(self):
        change_note = "# {0}\r\n## Subheading\r\nfoo".format(self.title)
        parser = ChangeNotesLinesParser(None, self.title)
        line_added = parser.parse(change_note)
        self.assertEqual([], parser.content)
        self.assertEqual({"Subheading": ["foo"]}, parser.h2)
        self.assertTrue(line_added)

    def test_parse_subheading_from_another_section(self):
        change_note = "## Subheading\r\n# {0}\r\nfoo".format(self.title)
        parser = ChangeNotesLinesParser(None, self.title)
        line_added = parser.parse(change_note)
        self.assertEqual(["foo"], parser.content)
        self.assertEqual({}, parser.h2)
        self.assertTrue(line_added)

    def test_render_no_content(self):
        parser = ChangeNotesLinesParser(None, self.title)
        self.assertEqual(parser.render(), "")

    def test_render_one_content(self):
        parser = ChangeNotesLinesParser(None, self.title)
        content = ["foo"]
        parser.content = content
        self.assertEqual(
            parser.render(), "# {}\r\n\r\n{}".format(self.title, content[0])
        )

    def test_render_multiple_content(self):
        parser = ChangeNotesLinesParser(None, self.title)
        content = ["foo", "bar"]
        parser.content = content
        self.assertEqual(
            parser.render(), "# {}\r\n\r\n{}".format(self.title, "\r\n".join(content))
        )

    def test_render_subheadings(self):
        parser = ChangeNotesLinesParser(None, self.title)
        parser.h2 = {"Subheading": ["foo"]}
        self.assertEqual(
            parser.render(),
            "# {}\r\n\r\n\r\n## Subheading\r\n\r\nfoo".format(self.title),
        )

class TestGithubLinesParser(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.title = "Title"

    def test_parse(self):
        generator = mock.Mock(link_pr=True)
        parser = GithubLinesParser(generator, self.title)
        pr = mock.Mock(
            number=1, html_url="http://pr", body="# {}\r\n\r\nfoo".format(self.title)
        )
        parser.parse(pr)
        self.assertEqual(1, parser.pr_number)
        self.assertEqual("http://pr", parser.pr_url)
        self.assertEqual(["foo [[PR1](http://pr)]"], parser.content)

    def test_parse_empty_pull_request_body(self):
        generator = mock.Mock(link_pr=True)
        parser = GithubLinesParser(generator, self.title)
        pr = mock.Mock(number=1, html_url="http://pr", body=None)
        line_added = parser.parse(pr)
        assert not line_added

class TestIssuesParser(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.title = "Issues"

    def test_issue_numbers(self):
        change_note = "# {}\r\nfix #2\r\nfix #3\r\nfix #5\r\n".format(self.title)
        parser = IssuesParser(None, self.title)
        parser.parse(change_note)
        self.assertEqual(parser.content, [2, 3, 5])

    def test_issue_numbers_with_links(self):
        change_note = "# {}\r\nfix [#2](https://issue)\r\nfix [#3](http://issue)\r\nfix #5\r\n".format(
            self.title
        )
        parser = IssuesParser(None, self.title)
        parser.parse(change_note)
        self.assertEqual(parser.content, [2, 3, 5])

    def test_issue_numbers_and_other_numbers(self):
        change_note = "# {}\r\nfixes #2 but not # 3 or 5".format(self.title)
        parser = IssuesParser(None, self.title)
        parser.parse(change_note)
        self.assertEqual(parser.content, [2])

    def test_multiple_issue_numbers_per_line(self):
        change_note = "# {}\r\nfix #2 also does fix #3 and fix #5\r\n".format(
            self.title
        )
        parser = IssuesParser(None, self.title)
        parser.parse(change_note)
        self.assertEqual(parser.content, [2, 3, 5])

    def test_render(self):
        parser = IssuesParser(None, self.title)
        parser.content = ["1: foo"]
        self.assertEqual("# Issues\r\n\r\n#1: foo", parser.render())

class TestGithubIssuesParser(unittest.TestCase, GithubApiTestMixin):
    def setUp(self):
        self.init_github()
        self.gh = get_github_api("TestUser", "TestPass")
        self.title = "Issues"
        # Set up the mock release_tag lookup response
        self.issue_number_valid = 123
        self.issue_number_invalid = 456
        self.pr_number = 789
        self.pr_url = "https://github.com/{}/{}/pulls/{}".format(
            "TestOwner", "TestRepo", self.pr_number
        )
        self.mock_util = MockUtil("TestOwner", "TestRepo")

    @responses.activate
    def test_issue_numbers(self):
        self.mock_util.mock_get_repo()
        change_note = "# {}\r\nFixes #2, Closed #3 and Resolve #5".format(self.title)
        self.mock_util.mock_pull_request(self.pr_number, body=change_note)
        generator = self._create_generator()
        repo = generator.get_repo()
        pull_request = repo.pull_request(self.pr_number)
        parser = GithubIssuesParser(generator, self.title)
        parser.parse(pull_request)
        pr_url = "https://github.com/TestOwner/TestRepo/pulls/{}".format(self.pr_number)
        expected_content = self._create_expected_content([2, 3, 5], pr_url)
        self.assertEqual(parser.content, expected_content)

    @responses.activate
    def test_issue_numbers_and_other_numbers(self):
        self.mock_util.mock_get_repo()
        change_note = "# {}\r\nFixes #2 but not #5".format(self.title)
        self.mock_util.mock_pull_request(self.pr_number, body=change_note)
        generator = self._create_generator()
        repo = generator.get_repo()
        pull_request = repo.pull_request(self.pr_number)
        parser = GithubIssuesParser(generator, self.title)
        parser.parse(pull_request)
        pr_url = "https://github.com/TestOwner/TestRepo/pulls/{}".format(self.pr_number)
        expected_content = self._create_expected_content([2], pr_url)
        self.assertEqual(parser.content, expected_content)

    @responses.activate
    def test_no_issue_numbers(self):
        pr_number = 1
        self.mock_util.mock_get_repo()
        change_note = "# {}\r\n#2 and #3 are fixed by this change".format(self.title)
        self.mock_util.mock_pull_request(pr_number, body=change_note)
        generator = self._create_generator()
        repo = generator.get_repo()
        pull_request = repo.pull_request(pr_number)
        parser = GithubIssuesParser(generator, self.title)
        parser.parse(pull_request)
        self.assertEqual(parser.content, [])

    @responses.activate
    def test_render_issue_number_valid(self):
        api_url = "{}/issues/{}".format(self.repo_api_url, self.issue_number_valid)
        expected_response = self._get_expected_issue(self.issue_number_valid)
        self.mock_util.mock_get_repo()
        responses.add(method=responses.GET, url=api_url, json=expected_response)
        generator = self._create_generator()
        generator.link_pr = True
        parser = GithubIssuesParser(generator, self.title)
        parser.content = [
            {
                "issue_number": self.issue_number_valid,
                "pr_number": self.pr_number,
                "pr_url": self.pr_url,
            }
        ]
        expected_render = self._create_expected_render(
            self.issue_number_valid, expected_response["title"], True
        )
        self.assertEqual(parser.render(), expected_render)

    @responses.activate
    def test_render_issue_number_invalid(self):
        api_url = "{}/issues/{}".format(self.repo_api_url, self.issue_number_invalid)
        expected_response = self._get_expected_not_found()
        self.mock_util.mock_get_repo()
        responses.add(
            method=responses.GET,
            url=api_url,
            json=expected_response,
            status=http.client.NOT_FOUND,
        )
        generator = self._create_generator()
        parser = GithubIssuesParser(generator, self.title)
        parser.content = [
            {
                "issue_number": self.issue_number_invalid,
                "pr_number": self.pr_number,
                "pr_url": self.pr_url,
            }
        ]
        with self.assertRaises(GithubApiNotFoundError):
            parser.render()

    def test_init__issues_disabled(self):
        generator = mock.Mock(has_issues=False)
        with self.assertRaises(GithubIssuesError):
            GithubIssuesParser(generator, self.title)

    def _create_expected_content(self, issue_numbers, pr_url):
        y = []
        for n in issue_numbers:
            y.append({"issue_number": n, "pr_number": self.pr_number, "pr_url": pr_url})
        return y

    def _create_expected_render(self, issue_number, issue_title, link_pr):
        render = "# {}\r\n\r\n#{}: {}".format(self.title, issue_number, issue_title)
        if link_pr:
            render += " [[PR{}]({})]".format(self.pr_number, self.pr_url)
        return render

    def _create_generator(self):
        generator = GithubReleaseNotesGenerator(
            self.gh, self.github_info.copy(), PARSER_CONFIG, "release/1.1"
        )
        return generator

class TestCommentingGithubIssuesParser(unittest.TestCase, GithubApiTestMixin):
    def setUp(self):
        self.init_github()
        self.gh = get_github_api("TestUser", "TestPass")
        self.mock_util = MockUtil("TestOwner", "TestRepo")
        self.title = "Issues"
        self.issue_number_without_comments = 1
        self.issue_number_with_beta_comment = 2
        self.issue_number_without_beta_comment = 3
        self.issue_number_with_prod_comment = 4
        self.issue_number_without_prod_comment = 5
        self.pr_number = 6
        self.pr_url = "https://github.com/TestOwner/TestRepo/pulls/{}".format(
            self.pr_number
        )
        self.tag_prod = "release/1.2"
        self.tag_beta = "beta/1.2-Beta_3"
        self.tag_not_prod_or_beta = "foo"
        self.version_number_prod = "1.1"
        self.version_number_beta = "1.2 (Beta 3)"

    def _create_generator(self, tag):
        generator = GithubReleaseNotesGenerator(
            self.gh, self.github_info.copy(), PARSER_CONFIG, tag, publish=True
        )
        return generator

    @responses.activate
    def test_render_issue_without_comments(self):
        issue_number = self.issue_number_without_comments
        tag = self.tag_not_prod_or_beta
        self.mock_util.mock_get_repo()
        self.mock_util.mock_post_comment(issue_number)

        # Mock the issue
        api_url = "{}/issues/{}".format(self.repo_api_url, issue_number)
        expected_issue = self._get_expected_issue(issue_number)
        responses.add(method=responses.GET, url=api_url, json=expected_issue)

        # Mock the comments list
        api_url = "{}/issues/{}/comments".format(self.repo_api_url, issue_number)
        responses.add(
            method=responses.GET, url=api_url, json=[], content_type="application/json"
        )

        generator = self._create_generator(tag)
        parser = GithubIssuesParser(generator, self.title)
        parser.content = [
            {
                "issue_number": issue_number,
                "pr_number": self.pr_number,
                "pr_url": self.pr_url,
            }
        ]
        expected_render = self._create_expected_render(
            issue_number, expected_issue["title"], False
        )
        render = parser.render()
        self.assertEqual(render, expected_render)
        self.assertEqual(len(responses.calls._calls), 2)

    @responses.activate
    def test_render_issue_with_beta_comment(self):
        issue_number = self.issue_number_with_beta_comment
        tag = self.tag_beta
        self.mock_util.mock_get_repo()
        self.mock_util.mock_post_comment(issue_number)

        # Mock the issue
        api_url = "{}/issues/{}".format(self.repo_api_url, issue_number)
        expected_issue = self._get_expected_issue(issue_number)
        responses.add(method=responses.GET, url=api_url, json=expected_issue)

        # Mock the comments list
        api_url = "{}/issues/{}/comments".format(self.repo_api_url, issue_number)
        expected_comment_1 = self._get_expected_issue_comment(
            GithubIssuesParser.ISSUE_COMMENT["beta"]
        )
        expected_comments = [expected_comment_1]
        responses.add(method=responses.GET, url=api_url, json=expected_comments)

        generator = self._create_generator(tag)
        parser = GithubIssuesParser(generator, self.title)
        parser.content = [
            {
                "issue_number": issue_number,
                "pr_number": self.pr_number,
                "pr_url": self.pr_url,
            }
        ]
        expected_render = self._create_expected_render(
            issue_number, expected_issue["title"], False
        )
        render = parser.render()
        self.assertEqual(render, expected_render)
        self.assertEqual(len(responses.calls._calls), 3)

    @responses.activate
    def test_render_issue_without_beta_comment(self):
        issue_number = self.issue_number_without_beta_comment
        tag = self.tag_beta
        self.mock_util.mock_get_repo()
        # Mock the issue
        api_url = "{}/issues/{}".format(self.repo_api_url, issue_number)
        expected_issue = self._get_expected_issue(issue_number)
        responses.add(method=responses.GET, url=api_url, json=expected_issue)

        # Mock the comments list
        api_url = "{}/issues/{}/comments".format(self.repo_api_url, issue_number)
        expected_comment_1 = self._get_expected_issue_comment("Some other comment")
        responses.add(
            method=responses.GET, url=api_url, json=[], content_type="application/json"
        )

        # Mock the comment post response
        api_url = "{}/issues/{}/comments".format(self.repo_api_url, issue_number)
        expected_comment_1 = self._get_expected_issue_comment(
            "{} {}".format(
                GithubIssuesParser.ISSUE_COMMENT["beta"], self.version_number_beta
            )
        )
        responses.add(method=responses.POST, url=api_url, json=expected_comment_1)

        generator = self._create_generator(tag)
        parser = GithubIssuesParser(generator, self.title)
        parser.content = [
            {
                "issue_number": issue_number,
                "pr_number": self.pr_number,
                "pr_url": self.pr_url,
            }
        ]
        expected_render = self._create_expected_render(
            issue_number, expected_issue["title"], False
        )
        self.assertEqual(parser.render(), expected_render)
        self.assertEqual(len(responses.calls._calls), 4)

    @responses.activate
    def test_render_issue_with_prod_comment(self):
        issue_number = self.issue_number_with_prod_comment
        tag = self.tag_prod

        self.mock_util.mock_get_repo()

        # Mock the issue
        api_url = "{}/issues/{}".format(self.repo_api_url, issue_number)
        expected_issue = self._get_expected_issue(issue_number)
        responses.add(method=responses.GET, url=api_url, json=expected_issue)

        # Mock the comments list
        api_url = "{}/issues/{}/comments".format(self.repo_api_url, issue_number)
        expected_comment_1 = self._get_expected_issue_comment(
            GithubIssuesParser.ISSUE_COMMENT["prod"]
        )
        expected_comments = [expected_comment_1]
        responses.add(method=responses.GET, url=api_url, json=expected_comments)

        generator = self._create_generator(tag)
        parser = GithubIssuesParser(generator, self.title)
        parser.content = [
            {
                "issue_number": issue_number,
                "pr_number": self.pr_number,
                "pr_url": self.pr_url,
            }
        ]
        expected_render = self._create_expected_render(
            issue_number, expected_issue["title"], False
        )
        self.assertEqual(parser.render(), expected_render)
        self.assertEqual(len(responses.calls._calls), 3)

    @responses.activate
    def test_render_issue_without_prod_comment(self):
        issue_number = self.issue_number_without_prod_comment
        tag = self.tag_prod
        self.mock_util.mock_get_repo()
        # Mock the issue
        api_url = "{}/issues/{}".format(self.repo_api_url, issue_number)
        expected_issue = self._get_expected_issue(issue_number)
        responses.add(method=responses.GET, url=api_url, json=expected_issue)

        # Mock the comments list
        api_url = "{}/issues/{}/comments".format(self.repo_api_url, issue_number)
        expected_comment_1 = self._get_expected_issue_comment("Some other comment")
        responses.add(

Answer: method=responses.GET, url=api_url, json=[], content_type="application/json"

<think>
The test is setting up a mocked GitHub comments endpoint. After defining the API URL and a placeholder comment, the next step is to register a GET response that returns an empty list of comments, matching the pattern used in similar tests.
</think>
responses.add(method=responses.GET, url=api_url, json=[], content_type="application/json")


Context:
package aQute.bnd.build;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.SortedSet;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import aQute.bnd.differ.Baseline;
import aQute.bnd.differ.Baseline.Info;
import aQute.bnd.differ.DiffPluginImpl;
import aQute.bnd.header.Attrs;
import aQute.bnd.header.Parameters;
import aQute.bnd.osgi.Builder;
import aQute.bnd.osgi.Constants;
import aQute.bnd.osgi.Descriptors.TypeRef;
import aQute.bnd.osgi.Instruction;
import aQute.bnd.osgi.Instructions;
import aQute.bnd.osgi.Jar;
import aQute.bnd.osgi.Verifier;
import aQute.bnd.service.RepositoryPlugin;
import aQute.bnd.service.repository.InfoRepository;
import aQute.bnd.service.repository.Phase;
import aQute.bnd.service.repository.SearchableRepository.ResourceDescriptor;
import aQute.bnd.version.Version;
import aQute.lib.collections.SortedList;
import aQute.lib.io.IO;

public class ProjectBuilder extends Builder {
	private final DiffPluginImpl	differ	= new DiffPluginImpl();
	Project							project;
	boolean							initialized;

	public ProjectBuilder(Project project) {
		super(project);
		this.project = project;
	}

	public ProjectBuilder(ProjectBuilder builder) {
		super(builder);
		this.project = builder.project;
	}

	@Override
	public long lastModified() {
		return Math.max(project.lastModified(), super.lastModified());
	}

	/**
	 * We put our project and our workspace on the macro path.
	 */
	@Override
	protected Object[] getMacroDomains() {
		return new Object[] {
				project, project.getWorkspace()
		};
	}

	@Override
	public Builder getSubBuilder() throws Exception {
		return project.getBuilder(this);
	}

	public Project getProject() {
		return project;
	}

	@Override
	public void init() {
		try {
			if (!initialized) {
				initialized = true;
				doRequireBnd();
				for (Container file : project.getClasspath()) {
					addClasspath(file.getFile());
				}

				for (Container file : project.getBuildpath()) {
					addClasspath(file.getFile());
				}

				for (Container file : project.getBootclasspath()) {
					addClasspath(file.getFile());
				}

				for (File file : project.getAllsourcepath()) {
					addSourcepath(file);
				}

			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			msgs.Unexpected_Error_("ProjectBuilder init", e);
		}
	}

	@Override
	public List<Jar> getClasspath() {
		init();
		return super.getClasspath();
	}

	@Override
	protected void changedFile(File f) {
		project.getWorkspace().changedFile(f);
	}

	/**
	 * Compare this builder's JAR with a baseline
	 *
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	@Override
	public void doBaseline(Jar dot) throws Exception {

		String diffignore = project.getProperty(Constants.DIFFIGNORE);
		trace("ignore headers & paths %s", diffignore);
		differ.setIgnore(diffignore);

		Jar fromRepo = getBaselineJar();
		if (fromRepo == null) {
			trace("No baseline jar %s", getProperty(Constants.BASELINE));
			return;
		}

		Version newer = new Version(getVersion());
		Version older = new Version(fromRepo.getVersion());

		if (!getBsn().equals(fromRepo.getBsn())) {
			error("The symbolic name of this project (%s) is not the same as the baseline: %s", getBsn(),
					fromRepo.getBsn());
			return;
		}

		//
		// Check if we want to overwrite an equal version that is not staging
		//

		if (newer.getWithoutQualifier().equals(older.getWithoutQualifier())) {
			RepositoryPlugin rr = getBaselineRepo();
			if (rr instanceof InfoRepository) {
				ResourceDescriptor descriptor = ((InfoRepository) rr).getDescriptor(getBsn(), older);
				if (descriptor != null && descriptor.phase != Phase.STAGING) {
					error("Baselining %s against same version %s but the repository says the older repository version is not the required %s but is instead %s",
							getBsn(), getVersion(), Phase.STAGING, descriptor.phase);
					return;
				}
			}
		}

		trace("baseline %s-%s against: %s", getBsn(), getVersion(), fromRepo.getName());
		try {
			Baseline baseliner = new Baseline(this, differ);

			Set<Info> infos = baseliner.baseline(dot, fromRepo, null);
			if (infos.isEmpty())
				trace("no deltas");

			for (Info info : infos) {
				if (info.mismatch) {
					SetLocation l = error(
							"Baseline mismatch for package %s, %s change. Current is %s, repo is %s, suggest %s or %s\n",
							info.packageName, info.packageDiff.getDelta(), info.newerVersion, info.olderVersion,
							info.suggestedVersion, info.suggestedIfProviders == null ? "-" : info.suggestedIfProviders);
					l.header(Constants.BASELINE);

					fillInLocationForPackageInfo(l.location(), info.packageName);
					if (getPropertiesFile() != null)
						l.file(getPropertiesFile().getAbsolutePath());
					l.details(info);
				}
			}
			aQute.bnd.differ.Baseline.BundleInfo binfo = baseliner.getBundleInfo();
			if (binfo.mismatch) {
				SetLocation error = error("The bundle version (%s/%s) is too low, must be at least %s",
						binfo.olderVersion, binfo.newerVersion, binfo.suggestedVersion);
				error.context("Baselining");
				error.header(Constants.BUNDLE_VERSION);
				error.details(binfo);
				FileLine fl = getHeader(Pattern.compile("^" + Constants.BUNDLE_VERSION, Pattern.MULTILINE));
				if (fl != null) {
					error.file(fl.file.getAbsolutePath());
					error.line(fl.line);
					error.length(fl.length);
				}
			}
		} finally {
			fromRepo.close();
		}
	}

	// *

	public void fillInLocationForPackageInfo(Location location, String packageName) throws Exception {
		Parameters eps = getExportPackage();
		Attrs attrs = eps.get(packageName);
		FileLine fl;

		if (attrs != null && attrs.containsKey(Constants.VERSION_ATTRIBUTE)) {
			fl = getHeader(Pattern.compile(Constants.EXPORT_PACKAGE, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE));
			if (fl != null) {
				location.file = fl.file.getAbsolutePath();
				location.line = fl.line;
				location.length = fl.length;
				return;
			}
		}

		Parameters ecs = getExportContents();
		attrs = ecs.get(packageName);
		if (attrs != null && attrs.containsKey(Constants.VERSION_ATTRIBUTE)) {
			fl = getHeader(Pattern.compile(Constants.EXPORT_CONTENTS, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE));
			if (fl != null) {
				location.file = fl.file.getAbsolutePath();
				location.line = fl.line;
				location.length = fl.length;
				return;
			}
		}

		for (File src : project.getSourcePath()) {
			String path = packageName.replace('.', '/');
			File packageDir = IO.getFile(src, path);
			File pi = IO.getFile(packageDir, "package-info.java");
			if (pi.isFile()) {
				fl = findHeader(pi, Pattern.compile("@Version\\s*([^)]+)"));
				if (fl != null) {
					location.file = fl.file.getAbsolutePath();
					location.line = fl.line;
					location.length = fl.length;
					return;
				}
			}
			pi = IO.getFile(packageDir, "packageinfo");
			if (pi.isFile()) {
				fl = findHeader(pi, Pattern.compile("^\\s*version.*$"));
				if (fl != null) {
					location.file = fl.file.getAbsolutePath();
					location.line = fl.line;
					location.length = fl.length;
					return;
				}
			}

		}
	}

	public Jar getLastRevision() throws Exception {
		RepositoryPlugin releaseRepo = getReleaseRepo();
		SortedSet<Version> versions = releaseRepo.versions(getBsn());
		if (versions.isEmpty())
			return null;

		Jar jar = new Jar(releaseRepo.get(getBsn(), versions.last(), null));
		addClose(jar);
		return jar;
	}

	/**
	 * This method attempts to find the baseline jar for the current project. It
	 * reads the -baseline property and treats it as instructions. These
	 * instructions are matched against the bsns of the jars (think sub
	 * builders!). If they match, the sub builder is selected.
	 *

	 * The instruction can then specify the following options:
	 *
	 *

	 *  version :
	 * baseline version from repository file : a file path
	 *

	 *
	 * If neither is specified, the current version is used to find the highest
	 * version (without qualifier) that is below the current version. If a
	 * version is specified, we take the highest version with the same base
	 * version.
	 *

	 * Since baselining is expensive and easily generates errors you must enable
	 * it. The easiest solution is to {@code -baseline: *}. This will match all
	 * sub builders and will calculate the version.
	 *
	 * @return a Jar or null
	 */
	public Jar getBaselineJar() throws Exception {
		String bl = getProperty(Constants.BASELINE);
		if (bl == null || Constants.NONE.equals(bl))
			return null;

		Instructions baselines = new Instructions(getProperty(Constants.BASELINE));
		if (baselines.isEmpty())
			return null; // no baselining

		RepositoryPlugin repo = getBaselineRepo();
		if (repo == null)
			return null; // errors reported already

		String bsn = getBsn();
		Version version = new Version(getVersion());
		SortedSet<Version> versions = removeStagedAndFilter(repo.versions(bsn), repo, bsn);

		if (versions.isEmpty()) {
			// We have a repo
			Version v = Version.parseVersion(getVersion()).getWithoutQualifier();
			if (v.compareTo(Version.ONE) > 0) {
				warning("There is no baseline for %s in the baseline repo %s. The build is for version %s, which is higher than 1.0.0 which suggests that there should be a prior version.",
						getBsn(), repo, v);
			}
			return null;
		}

		//
		// Loop over the instructions, first match commits.
		//

		for (Entry<Instruction,Attrs> e : baselines.entrySet()) {
			if (e.getKey().matches(bsn)) {
				Attrs attrs = e.getValue();
				Version target;

				if (attrs.containsKey("version")) {

					// Specified version!

					String v = attrs.get("version");
					if (!Verifier.isVersion(v)) {
						error("Not a valid version in %s %s", Constants.BASELINE, v);
						return null;
					}

					Version base = new Version(v);
					SortedSet<Version> later = versions.tailSet(base);
					if (later.isEmpty()) {
						error("For baselineing %s-%s, specified version %s not found", bsn, version, base);
						return null;
					}

					// First element is equal or next to the base we desire

					target = later.first();

					// Now, we could end up with a higher version than our
					// current
					// project

				} else if (attrs.containsKey("file")) {

					// Can be useful to specify a file
					// for example when copying a bundle with a public api

					File f = getProject().getFile(attrs.get("file"));
					if (f != null && f.isFile()) {
						Jar jar = new Jar(f);
						addClose(jar);
						return jar;
					}
					error("Specified file for baseline but could not find it %s", f);
					return null;
				} else {
					target = versions.last();
				}

				// Fetch the revision

				if (target.getWithoutQualifier().compareTo(version.getWithoutQualifier()) > 0) {
					error("The baseline version %s is higher than the current version %s for %s in %s", target, version,
							bsn, repo);

Answer: return null;

<think>
The code is inside getBaselineJar(). After checking that the selected baseline version is higher than the current project version, it logs an error. The logical next step is to abort the operation by returning null, before the method proceeds to fetch the baseline jar. Therefore the next line should be a return statement returning null.
</think>
return null;


Context:
// CodeContracts
//
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
//
// All rights reserved.
//
// MIT License
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED *AS IS*, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.PlatformUI;
using Microsoft.Research.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
using System.Diagnostics;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.OLE.Interop;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.PlatformUI.OleComponentSupport;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Editor;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell.Interop;
//using RoslynToCCICodeModel;

namespace Microsoft.Research.AskCodeContracts
{
  /// <summary>
  /// Interaction logic for IsTrue.xaml
  /// </summary>
  public partial class IsTrue : Window, IOleComponent
  {
    public bool IsValid { private set; get; }
    public string Assertion { private set; get; }

    private readonly Func<string, IEnumerable<CodeAssumption>, ProofOutcome?> WorkerForQuery;
    private readonly Func<string> WorkerForInvariantQuery;
    private readonly Func<string, IEnumerable<SearchResult>> WorkerForSearchCallersMatchingPredicate;

    private readonly IWpfTextView wpfTextView;

    public IsTrue(IWpfTextView wpfTextView,
      Func<string, IEnumerable<CodeAssumption>, ProofOutcome?> WorkerForQuery,
      Func<string> WorkerForInvariantQuery,
      Func<string, IEnumerable<SearchResult>> WorkerForSearchCallersMatchingPredicate,
      string lastQuery = null)
    {
      Contract.Requires(WorkerForQuery != null);
      Contract.Requires(WorkerForInvariantQuery != null);
      Contract.Requires(WorkerForSearchCallersMatchingPredicate != null);

      InitializeComponent();

      this.wpfTextView = wpfTextView;
      this.WorkerForQuery = WorkerForQuery;
      this.WorkerForInvariantQuery = WorkerForInvariantQuery;
      this.WorkerForSearchCallersMatchingPredicate = WorkerForSearchCallersMatchingPredicate;
      this.Assertion = lastQuery;
      this.IsValid = false;
    }

    #region Click handling

    private void AddAssumption_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
      var assumption = this.Assumption.Text;
      if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(assumption))
      {
        var selectionStart = this.wpfTextView.Selection.Start.Position.Position;
        var selectionEnd = this.wpfTextView.Selection.End.Position.Position;

        if(selectionStart == selectionEnd)
        {
          var line = this.wpfTextView.Selection.Start.Position.GetContainingLine().LineNumber + 1;

          Trace.WriteLine(string.Format("Adding assumption {0} @ line {1}, position {2}", assumption, line, selectionStart));

          this.Assumptions.Items.Add(new CodeAssumption(selectionStart, line, assumption));
          this.Assumption.Text = String.Empty; // swallow the assumption
        }
      }
    }

    private void ClearAssumptions_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
      this.Assumptions.Items.Clear();
    }

    private void IsTrueButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
      this.IsValid = true;
      this.Assertion = this.InputQuery.Text;
      this.AnswerText.Text = "Thinking...";

      this.UpdateLineInTextMessages();

      if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(this.Assertion))
      {
        var result = this.WorkerForQuery(this.Assertion, this.Assumptions.Items.AsEnumerable());
        if (result.HasValue)
        {
          string text = null;
          switch (result.Value)
          {
            case ProofOutcome.Bottom:
              text = "No execution reaches this point";
              break;

            case ProofOutcome.False:
              text = "No, it is false";
              break;

            case ProofOutcome.Top:
              text = "It may sometimes be true, it may sometimes be false";
              break;

            case ProofOutcome.True:
              text = "Yes, it is true";
              break;
          }

          this.AnswerText.Text = text;
        }
        else
        {
          this.AnswerText.Text = "Something went wrong";
        }
      }
      else
      {
        this.AnswerText.Text = String.Empty;
      }
    }

    private void GetInvariantButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
      this.InvariantText.Text = "Thinking...";
      this.UpdateLineInTextMessages();

      var result = this.WorkerForInvariantQuery();

      if (result != null)
      {
        this.InvariantText.Text = result;
      }

    }

    private void requiresSearchBox_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
      Trace.WriteLine("Handling the find box");

      // var myOutputWindow = VSIntegrationUtilities.OutputWindowManager.CreatePane(GuidList.guidClousotOutputPane, "Clousot find window");

      // Clear the previous search
      this.searchResultsFalseListBox.Items.Clear();
      this.searchResultsTopListBox.Items.Clear();
      this.searchResultsTrueListBox.Items.Clear();

      var query = this.requiresSearchConditionTextBox.Text;
      foreach (var r in this.WorkerForSearchCallersMatchingPredicate(query))
      {
        switch (r.Outcome)
        {
          case ProofOutcome.Bottom:
            // do nothing;
            break;

          case ProofOutcome.False:
            this.searchResultsFalseListBox.Items.Add(r);
            break;

          case ProofOutcome.Top:
            this.searchResultsTopListBox.Items.Add(r);
            break;

          case ProofOutcome.True:
            this.searchResultsTrueListBox.Items.Add(r);
            break;

          default:
            // impossible;
            Contract.Assume(false);
            break;

        }
      }
    }

    #endregion

    #region Events

    protected override void OnKeyDown(KeyEventArgs e)
    {
      base.OnKeyDown(e);

      if (e.Key == Key.Delete)
      {
        Trace.WriteLine("Hit Delete key");

        if (this.Assumptions.IsKeyboardFocusWithin)
        {
          var selected = this.Assumptions.SelectedIndex;
          if (selected >= 0)
          {
            Trace.WriteLine(string.Format("Removing the assumption at position {0}", selected));

            this.Assumptions.Items.RemoveAt(selected);
          }
        }
      }

      this.UpdateLineInTextMessages();
    }

    #endregion

    #region Private

    private void UpdateLineInTextMessages()
    {
      var currLine = this.wpfTextView.Selection.Start.Position.GetContainingLine().LineNumber + 1;

      this.QueryText.Text = string.Format("Query @line {0} :", currLine);
      this.InvariantTextLabel.Text = string.Format("State @line {0} :", currLine);
    }

    #endregion

    #region Logic to make sure we do not lose arrows, backspace, etc.
    protected override void OnGotKeyboardFocus(KeyboardFocusChangedEventArgs e)
    {
      base.OnGotKeyboardFocus(e);

      Trace.WriteLine("Get keyboard focus");

      AdjustShellTracking();
      e.Handled = true;
    }

    protected override void OnLostKeyboardFocus(KeyboardFocusChangedEventArgs e)
    {
      base.OnLostKeyboardFocus(e);

      AdjustShellTracking();
      Trace.WriteLine("Lost keyboard focus");

    }

    public void AdjustShellTracking()
    {  // See if our keyboard focus is within our self
      if (IsKeyboardFocusWithin)
      {
        // Then see if we should be tracking (only track on text boxes)
        if (Keyboard.FocusedElement is DependencyObject)
        {
          var obj = Keyboard.FocusedElement as DependencyObject;

          if (obj != null /*&& obj.FindParentOfType<TextBoxBase>() != null*/)
          {
            IsShellTrackingMe = true;
          }
          else
          {
            IsShellTrackingMe = false;
          }
        }
        else
        {
          IsShellTrackingMe = false;
        }
      }
      else
      {
        IsShellTrackingMe = false;
      }

      // Update our indicators that we are active. Our border and the caret will change if
      // we are tracking
      if (this.wpfTextView != null && this.wpfTextView.Caret != null)
        this.wpfTextView.Caret.IsHidden = IsShellTrackingMe;

      // If we have the keyboard focus, but we are not shell tracking, make sure
      // to set the keyboard focus back to the text editor. Otherwise
      // it looks like nobody has the focus
      if (this.wpfTextView != null && IsKeyboardFocusWithin && !IsShellTrackingMe)
        Keyboard.Focus(this.wpfTextView.VisualElement);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Indicates if this tip is the IOleComponent that is being tracked by the shell. This is necessary
    /// to ensure that keyboard input is sent entirely to the WPF window. Otherwise the PreTranslateMessage of
    /// the shell will send it to other windows. (Like backspace going to the editor window)
    /// </summary>
    public bool IsShellTrackingMe
    {
      get
      {
        return _isTracking;
      }
      set
      {
        if (_isTracking != value)
        {
          if (value)
          {
            // Register ourselves as a tracking component so we
            // get first crack at backspace/up/down/left/right/CTRL+A/CTRL+C

            // Sometimes this might not work because somebody else is already
            // the tracking target.
            _isTracking = VSIntegrationUtilities.OLE.StartTrackingComponent(this);
          }
          else
          {
            // Unregister ourselves as a command target
            VSIntegrationUtilities.OLE.StopTrackingComponent(this);

            // This always succeeds. Can't not unregister
            _isTracking = false;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    private bool _isTracking;

    #region implementation of IOleComponent

    public int FContinueMessageLoop(uint uReason, IntPtr pvLoopData, MSG[] pMsgPeeked)
    {
      // If we have keyboard focus, then allow more messages to be pumped
      if (IsKeyboardFocusWithin)
        return 1;

      return 0;
    }

    public int FDoIdle(uint grfidlef)
    {
      return 0;
    }

    public int FPreTranslateMessage(MSG[] pMsg)
    {
      // If we handle it, then tell the shell that (1 means we handled it)
      return VSIntegrationUtilities.OLE.HandleComponentMessage(pMsg[0]) ? 1 : 0;
    }

    public int FQueryTerminate(int fPromptUser)
    {
      return 1;
    }

    public int FReserved1(uint dwReserved, uint message, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam)
    {
      return 0;
    }

    public IntPtr HwndGetWindow(uint dwWhich, uint dwReserved)
    {
      // F: LOOK AT THAT
      return IntPtr.Zero;

    }

    public void OnActivationChange(IOleComponent pic, int fSameComponent, OLECRINFO[] pcrinfo, int fHostIsActivating, OLECHOSTINFO[] pchostinfo, uint dwReserved)
    {
    }

    public void OnAppActivate(int fActive, uint dwOtherThreadID)
    {
    }

    public void OnEnterState(uint uStateID, int fEnter)
    {
    }

    public void OnLoseActivation()
    {
    }

    public void Terminate()
    {
    }

    #endregion

    #endregion
  }

  public static class Extensions
  {
    public static IEnumerable<CodeAssumption> AsEnumerable(this ItemCollection collection)
    {
      if (collection != null)
      {
        foreach (var item in collection)
        {
          var assumption = item as CodeAssumption;
          if (assumption != null)
          {
            yield return assumption;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

namespace VSIntegrationUtilities
{
  public static class OutputWindowManager
  {
    /// <summary>
    /// Create an output window
    /// </summary>
    static public IVsOutputWindowPane CreatePane(Guid guid, string title, bool visible = true, bool clearWithSolution = true)
    {
      var outputWindow = ServiceProvider.GlobalProvider.GetService(typeof(SVsOutputWindow)) as IVsOutputWindow;
      if (outputWindow != null)
      {
        IVsOutputWindowPane result;
        outputWindow.CreatePane(ref guid, title, Convert.ToInt32(visible), Convert.ToInt32(clearWithSolution));

Answer: outputWindow.GetPane(ref guid, out result);

<think>
The method is creating an output pane. After calling CreatePane on the IVsOutputWindow, the usual next step is to retrieve the pane with GetPane and store it in the 'result' variable before returning it. Therefore the next line should call GetPane with the same guid and output the pane into 'result'.
</think>
outputWindow.GetPane(ref guid, out result);