---
license: other
language:
- en
pretty_name: "CBEEG: Compute-Budgeted Exploitability Evidence Graphs"
tags:
- cybersecurity
- vulnerability-management
- cve
- exploit-prediction
- evidence-graph
- retrieval
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
configs:
- config_name: cve_nodes
  data_files: cve_nodes.parquet
- config_name: evidence_nodes
  data_files: evidence_nodes.parquet
- config_name: candidates
  data_files: candidates.parquet
- config_name: retrieval_edges
  data_files: retrieval_edges.parquet
- config_name: cwe_nodes
  data_files: cwe_nodes.parquet
- config_name: product_nodes
  data_files: product_nodes.parquet
- config_name: metrics
  data_files: metrics.parquet
---

# CBEEG — Compute-Budgeted Exploitability Evidence Graphs (derived artifacts)

Reproducible **derived** artifacts for the paper *Compute-Budgeted Exploitability
Evidence Graphs for Prospective Vulnerability Triage* (Alpay & Alpay). The paper
frames prospective CVE triage as a **leakage-safe, compute-budgeted evidence
selection** problem: for each CVE we admit only public evidence visible by a fixed
decision time, select a few documents under a budget, and attach an auditable
**evidence certificate** to every risk score.

These are the GB-scale outputs that do not fit in the paper's arXiv ancillary
bundle: bi-encoder embeddings, retrieval/rerank candidate edges, the temporal
evidence graph (node tables), 12,012 risk certificates, and the full metrics table
for the A–E experiment grid. The code lives with the paper; this repository holds
the data needed to reproduce every figure and number.

## Files

| File | Rows / shape | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `cve_nodes.parquet` | 25,000 | CVE nodes: `cve_id, description, cwe_id, cvss_v3/v2/v4, severity, cve_year, published, decision_time, vendor, product, kev, kev_date_added, epss, epss_percentile, split` |
| `evidence_nodes.parquet` | 56,050 | Evidence corpus: `evidence_id, cve_id, source_layer, source, text*, timestamp, url, text_len, text_sha256` |
| `candidates.parquet` | 1,200,000 | Retrieved/reranked candidate edges: `cve_id, evidence_id, retrieval_score, rerank_score, source_layer, evidence_timestamp, decision_time, leak` |
| `retrieval_edges.parquet` | — | Selected edges with `selected`/`leak` flags |
| `cwe_nodes.parquet` | 420 | `cwe_id, name, n_cves` |
| `product_nodes.parquet` | 531 | `product_key, vendor, product, n_cves` |
| `certificates.jsonl` | 12,012 | One auditable evidence certificate per test CVE (nested `evidence[]` with layer, timestamp, score, leak flag) |
| `metrics.parquet` / `metrics.csv` | 489 | `experiment, setting, budget, split, metric, value` for the full A–E grid |
| `cve_emb.npy` | (25000, 768) | `e5-base-v2` CVE-description embeddings, L2-normalised float32 |
| `evidence_emb.npy` | (56050, 768) | `e5-base-v2` evidence embeddings, L2-normalised float32 |

`text*` is **redacted** for restricted source layers (see below).

## How to load

```python
import numpy as np, pandas as pd
from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
R = "Lightcap/cbeeg-evidence-graphs"

cve   = pd.read_parquet(hf_hub_download(R, "cve_nodes.parquet", repo_type="dataset"))
cand  = pd.read_parquet(hf_hub_download(R, "candidates.parquet", repo_type="dataset"))
ev_emb = np.load(hf_hub_download(R, "evidence_emb.npy", repo_type="dataset"))
# certificates
import json
certs = [json.loads(l) for l in open(hf_hub_download(R, "certificates.jsonl", repo_type="dataset"))]
```

Or browse any table directly in the **Dataset Viewer** via the config dropdown.

## Provenance
Built from public sources: CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS, NVD (publication dates),
`stasvinokur/cve-and-cwe-dataset-1999-2025`, `CIRCL/vulnerability-cwe-patch`,
`exploitintel/cve-cwe-consensus`, `iris-sast/CWE-Bench-Java`, and the HackerSignal
multi-source corpus (`DatasetSubmission/HackerSignal`).

## Redaction & terms (important)
HackerSignal is released for **academic and defensive use only**. To respect its
terms, raw text from restricted layers (forum/discourse, exploit archives, fix
commits, advisories, CIRCL patches) is **redacted** here: we keep `evidence_id`,
`source_layer`, provenance, `timestamp`, `text_len`, and a truncated
`text_sha256`, plus the embedding vectors and scores — enough to reproduce every
number without redistributing the underlying corpora. Public NVD CVE/description
text (`source_layer = nvd_text`) is kept verbatim. To recover restricted text,
obtain the original datasets under their licenses and join on the provided
ids/hashes.

## Intended use
Defensive vulnerability triage and reproducibility research only. Do **not** use
to build automated exploitation tooling, to operate a live threat feed, or to
de-anonymise forum authors.

## Citation
```bibtex
@misc{alpay2026cbeeg,
  title  = {Compute-Budgeted Exploitability Evidence Graphs for Prospective Vulnerability Triage},
  author = {Alpay, Faruk and Alpay, Taylan},
  year   = {2026}
}
```