--- license: other task_categories: - text-generation language: - en tags: - limitations - peer-review pretty_name: Limitation_dataset_BAGELS size_categories: - 10K GPT-4o mini Extractor ──> limitations_author_extracted - `limitations_author_extracted` (Ground truth limitation) - **For NeurIPS and PeerJ** -'Limitation' ──> GPT-4o mini Extractor ──> limitations_author_extracted - 'Reviewer Comment' ──> GPT-4o mini Extractor ──> limitations_reviewer_extracted - limitations_author_extracted + limitations_reviewer_extracted ──> GPT-4o mini Merger ──> limitations_consolidated (Ground truth limitation) ``` Intended uses: - "This dataset is useful for text generation, such as generating limitations (or other sections) to evaluate the model-generated text with ground truth." Also, this dataset can be used for - "Binary classification: detect whether a paper includes an explicit limitation (author/reviewer)." - "Retrieval & QA: retrieve limitation passages given a query (paper, section, topic)." - "Author–reviewer alignment: compare author-stated limitations vs reviewer-raised shortcomings." Suggested metrics: - "We highly suggest to use our PointWise Evaluation approach to measure the performance between Ground truth and model generated text. (see the Citation section for paper)" Other suggested metrics: - "ROUGE 1,2,L, BERTScore, BLEU, Cosine Similarity, Jaccard Simlarity" - LLM as a Judge (for Coherence, Faithfulness, Readability, Grammar, Overall Performance) - "F1 / macro-F1 (classification)" - "ROUGE / BERTScore (generation)" - "nDCG / MRR (retrieval)" curation processing notes: - "PDFs were parsed and sectionized; headings preserved verbatim (e.g., '1 Introduction')." - "Author-side limitation spans prioritized; reviewer-side text aggregates multi-reviewer fields (Reviewer_1, Reviewer_2, …)." - "Heuristics avoid false positives (e.g., ignoring sentences that start with prompts like 'Did you …')." ## Examples ### ACL 2023 / ACL 2024 ```json { "File Number": "123", "Title": "Example Paper Title", "Limitations": "Our study is limited by dataset size and domain coverage ...", (GPT 4o mini is used to get ground truth) "abstractText": "We study ...", "1 Introduction": " ... ", "2 Related Work": " ... ", "3 Methodology": " ... " } ``` ```json ### NeurIPS 2021–2022 { "File Number": "123", "Title": "Example Paper Title", "Limitations": "Due to the lack of access, a major limitation of our study ...", "Limitations Refined": "Due to the lack of access ...", (GPT 4o mini is used to get ground truth) "Reviewer Comment": "Reviewer_2: I totally agree..., Reviewer_3: The work provides....", (GPT 4o mini is used to get ground truth) "abstractText": "We study ...", "1 Introduction": " ... ", "2 Related Work": " ... ", "3 Methodology": " ... " } ``` ```json ### NeurIPS with cited { "file_id": "neurips_123", "Title": "Example Paper Title", "Limitations": "Due to the lack of access, a major limitation of our study ...", "Limitations Refined": "Due to the lack of access ...", (GPT 4o mini is used to get ground truth) "Reviewer Comment": "Reviewer_2: I totally agree..., Reviewer_3: The work provides....", (GPT 4o mini is used to get ground truth) "abstractText": "We study ...", "1 Introduction": " ... ", "2 Related Work": " ... ", "3 Methodology": " ... " "cited_in": [ { "title": "A Foundational Paper Referenced by the Main Paper", "abstract": "This paper introduces the concept of...", "full_text": {"Introduction":"This is intro1", "Related Work":"This is related work1", "Methodology":"This is methodology1" } }, { "title": "Another Paper Referenced by the Main Paper", "abstract": "This paper introduces the concept of...", "full_text": {"Introduction":"This is intro2", "Related Work":"This is related work2", "Methodology":"This is methodology2" } } ], "cited_by": [ { "title": "An Analysis of Agent-Based Reasoning (Citing Paper 1)", "abstract": "Building on the work from our main paper, this paper explores...", "full_text": {"Introduction":"This is intro3", "Related Work":"This is related work3", "Methodology":"This is methodology3" } }, { "title": "Another Citing Paper (Citing Paper 2)", "abstract": "Further analysis of the framework shows...", "full_text": {"Introduction":"This is intro4", "Related Work":"This is related work4", "Methodology":"This is methodology4" } } ] } ``` ```json ### PeerJ { "v1_abstract": "Paper's abstract from version 1 (initial submission)", "v1_Introduction": "Paper's introduction from version 1 (initial submission)", "v1_Result_and_Experiments": "Paper's results and experiments from version 1 (initial submission)", "v1_text": "all other sections text (initial submission)", ...... "v2_abstract": "Paper's abstract from version 2 (re-submission version)", "v2_Introduction": "Paper's introduction from version 2 (re-submission version)" "v2_Result_and_Experiments": "Paper's results and experiments from version 2 (re-submission)", "v2_text": "all other sections text (re-submission)", ..... "Review1": "Review from reviewer 1", "Review2": "Review from reviewer 2", ..... "all_reviews": "all concatenated reviews", "pdf_1": "pdf link for version 1", "pdf_2": "pdf link for version 2", "LLM_extracted_review": "Reviews by LLM extracted", } ``` ## Citation This dataset is related to the following work. The code of this work is available [BAGELS_Limitation_Gen on GitHub](https://github.com/IbrahimAlAzhar/BAGELS_Limitation_Gen). ```markdown Azher, Ibrahim Al; Mokarrama, Miftahul Jannat; Guo, Zhishuai; Choudhury, Sagnik Ray; Alhoori, Hamed (2025). *BAGELS: Benchmarking the Automated Generation and Extraction of Limitations from Scholarly Text*. arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.18207. ``` This work has been **accepted at EMNLP 2025 (Findings)**. If you use this dataset, please cite: ```markdown @article{azher2025bagels, title={BAGELS: Benchmarking the Automated Generation and Extraction of Limitations from Scholarly Text}, author={Azher, Ibrahim Al and Mokarrama, Miftahul Jannat and Guo, Zhishuai and Choudhury, Sagnik Ray and Alhoori, Hamed}, journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.18207}, year={2025} } ```