Passage 1:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the UnitedStates.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He was the director of theHood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to directthe Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the PeabodyEssex Museum.Early life and career in IrelandKennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studiedboth art history and history.He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office(1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association ofArt Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003. In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery of Australia(NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself andoversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, onshowing "blockbuster" exhibitions.During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship. However, the initial design for thebuilding proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered designcompleted some years later.  Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on theestablished collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian PrintWorkshop Archive. He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building projectabove).Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to theexhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor. However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during histenure, which could have raised similar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn. Its mostcontroversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous. The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition,claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion." In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had "obscured discussion of theartistic merit of the works of art". He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far."Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the AustralianGovernment's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system. The air-conditioning was finallyrenovated in 2003. Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors.He became a joint Irish-Australian citizen in2003.Toledo Museum of ArtThe Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings and sculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke. Themuseum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the field of art education.  During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as"learning to read, understand and write visual language."   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of a website, www.vislit.org. In November2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so. Kennedy has been a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visualand sensory literacy.Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples. Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy andMary Sibande have been acquired.  In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano.During his tenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the returnof several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold to the museum.  In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by anEtruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015.Hood Museum of ArtKennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July2005. During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bring greater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections ofthe arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions. At 70,000 objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus. The exhibition, BlackWomanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body, toured several US venues. Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually.Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of Stone Steles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, SeanScully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons.PublicationsKennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:Alfred Chester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics,Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990), ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats,1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), National Gallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN978-0-903162-65-4Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers (November 1997),  ISBN978-1-86059-059-7Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art (October 2010), ISBN978-0-944722-39-8Honors and achievementsKennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art. He is a trustee and treasurer of the Association of Art MuseumDirectors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the International Association of Art Critics. In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at the University of Toledo andreceived an honorary doctorate from Lourdes University. Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for art education.== Notes==Passage 2:Only the Lonely (film)Only the Lonely is a 1991 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Chris Columbus, produced by John Hughes, and stars John Candy, Maureen O'Hara (in herfinal film role), Ally Sheedy and Anthony Quinn. The film is a comedic take on the premise established in the 1953 television play Marty and the 1955 film Marty, while the title comes from the song "Only the Lonely" byRoy Orbison. The story follows a bachelor who is looking to settle down and start a family with a mortuary beautician, while coping with his controlling mother who wants him all to herself.PlotDanny Muldoon, a38-year-old Chicago policeman, lives with his controlling Irish mother, Rose Muldoon. A lonely bachelor, he falls in love with Theresa Luna, an introverted girl who works in her father's funeral home. On their first date,they have a picnic on Comiskey Park field. Dating becomes difficult as Rose fears Theresa is trying to steal her son away.Danny's brother Patrick tries to convince him to remain unmarried and move to Florida with theirmother to take care of her; Salvatore "Sal" Buonarte, one of Danny's married friends and a fellow officer, advises him not to settle down just yet, as he did. Danny begins to feel guilty about his relationship, especiallytowards his mother. This leads to his interrupting dates with Theresa to check on her.When Theresa finally meets Rose at a fancy dinner, Rose immediately begins to put her down, mocking her Sicilian and Polishheritage. Theresa stands up to her, then berates Danny for not doing so himself. After Theresa leaves, Danny scolds his mother for being so cruel, saying that her way of "telling it like it is" hurts people. He reminds hershe lost a $450,000 account for his late father's company by making anti-Semitic remarks. He then tells Rose he will propose to Theresa, whether she approves or not.Danny apologizes to Theresa, proposing to herfrom the bucket of a Chicago fire truck. She says yes and they are set to be married. However, even though Rose finally approves, Danny calls to check on his mother in front of Theresa on the night before the wedding.Angered that they might never be alone, she walks off. Neither of them show up for the wedding. A few weeks later, Danny's friends ask why they called off the wedding, but he gives no answer. When a friend namedDoyle suddenly passes away, alone with no wife or children, Danny realizes he doesn't want to end up that way.Finally, the day Danny and Rose are scheduled to move to Florida, Danny tells Rose that he can't letTheresa go because she's the best thing that ever happened to him. Reluctant at first, Rose finally goes to Florida without him, telling him to get married, have a family and be happy. Danny then goes to the funeralhome, looking for Theresa.  However, her father tells him that she left for New York City by train. Danny contacts the railroad station manager, who stops the train at a station outside the city. There, Danny apologizesto Theresa and proclaims his love for her. He tells her that he will move to New York with her and join the NYPD. Having no more guilt about his mother, they board the train for New York to live the rest of their livestogether.Throughout the film, the Muldoons' Greek neighbor, Nick Acropolis — who has been encouraging Danny to pursue Theresa — attempts to woo Rose. She initially resists, but as she gradually softens her stanceregarding Danny's relationship with Theresa, she ultimately warms to Nick, who takes Danny's place on the flight to Florida with her.CastJohn Candy as Officer Daniel "Danny" Muldoon, Chicago PoliceDepartmentMaureen O'Hara as Rose MuldoonAlly Sheedy as Theresa LunaAnthony Quinn as Nick AcropolisJames Belushi as Officer Salvatore "Sal" Buonarte, Chicago Police DepartmentKevin Dunn as PatrickMuldoonMacaulay Culkin as Billy MuldoonKieran Culkin as Patrick Muldoon, Jr.Milo O'Shea as DoyleBert Remsen as SpatsJoe Greco as Joey LunaProductionCastingChris Columbus wrote the part of Rose specifically forMaureen O'Hara, but did not know that she had retired from acting and was living in the Virgin Islands. Columbus contacted O'Hara's younger brother Charles B. Fitzsimons, a producer and actor in the film industry, toask him to send O'Hara a copy of the script, which he did, telling her, "This you do!". O'Hara read the script and loved it. She was reported to have replied to Fitzsimons, "This I do!". However, she would not commituntil she met co-star John Candy.Co-star Jim Belushi recounted this story: On the set of Only the Lonely, the producers stuck Maureen O’Hara in a tiny trailer. When John Candy complained on her behalf, he was toldthe budget was being spent on the picture, not on accommodations for old movie stars. Candy responded by giving O'Hara his trailer and going without one until the studio finally caved in and got a trailer for eachactor.John Hughes co-produced the film. This movie marked Macaulay Culkin's third film with Hughes and Candy (after Home Alone and Uncle Buck). Other than New Port South, it was the only film Hughes producedthat he did not write.FilmingMost of the film was shot on location in Chicago. Danny and Rose Muldoon's house is located at the intersection of Clark Street and Roscoe Street, as is the front façade of O'Neils' Pub. Theinside of the pub was shot at Emmett's Pub, a Chicago landmark that was also used in Uncle Buck, another film with John Candy. At the request of producer John Hughes (a Chicagoan and big fan of the Chicago WhiteSox) and sports fan John Candy, the baseball stadium where Danny and Theresa's first date took place was arranged to be set at old Comiskey Park (home of the Chicago White Sox until 1990). Hughes hastily arrangedthe filming, as the stadium was slated to be torn down imminently. There is also a shot showing old Comiskey Park and the new Guaranteed Rate Field, the current home of the White Sox, under construction next door.Comiskey Park was located at the corner of 35th St. and Shields Ave., on the South Side of Chicago. The scene where Danny and Theresa kiss along Lake Michigan is located at Lincoln Park, Chicago, and the dinnerscene was shot at One Ambassador East, also known as the Ambassador East Hotel, located at 1301 North State Parkway in Chicago's Gold Coast. The church scenes were filmed at St. John Cantius Church in WestTown on 825 N Carpenter St.The final scene with Danny and Theresa was shot at the Amtrak station in Niles, Michigan, which was renamed to Willoughby and decorated with Christmas lights for the filming.MusicRoyOrbison's song "Only the Lonely" is played in its entirety in the movie's opening scene. "Someone Like You" by Van Morrison is played during one of Danny and Theresa's dates. "Dreams to Remember" by Etta James isplayed, also in its entirety. Also, "Pachelbel's Canon" is played briefly during the wedding scene. The film's original music was composed and conducted by Maurice Jarre.The soundtrack album was released by VarèseSarabande, featuring 28 minutes of Jarre's score and the songs "Only the Lonely" and "Someone Like You."ReceptionOn Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 65% based on reviews from 23 critics, withan average rating of 6/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 47 out of 100 based on 21 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an averagegrade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.Entertainment Weekly gave it a grade C.Passage 3:Now Where Did the 7th Company Get to?Now Where Did the 7th Company Get To? (French: Mais où est donc passée la septièmecompagnie?) is a 1973 French-Italian comedy war film directed by Robert Lamoureux. The film portrays the adventures of a French Army squad lost somewhere on the front in May 1940 during the Battle ofFrance.PlotDuring the Battle of France, while German forces are spreading across the country, the 7th Transmission Company suffers an air raid near the Machecoul woods, but survive and hide in the woods. CaptainDumont, the company commander, sends Louis Chaudard, Pithiviers and Tassin to scout the area. After burying the radio cable beneath a sandy road, the squad crosses the field, climbs a nearby hill, and takes positionwithin a cemetery. One man cut down the wrong tree for camouflage, pulling up the radio cable and revealing it to the passing German infantry. The Germans cut the cable, surround the woods, and order a puzzled 7thCompany to surrender. The squad tries to contact the company, but then witness their capture and run away.Commanded by Staff Sergeant Chaudard, the unit stops in a wood for the night. Pithiviers is content to slowdown and wait for the end of the campaign. The next day, he goes for a swim in the lake, in sight of possible German fighters. When Chaudard and Tassin wake up, they leave the camp without their weapons to look forPithiviers. Tassin finds him and gives an angry warning, but Pithiviers convinces Tassin to join him in the lake. Chaudard orders them to get out, but distracted by a rabbit, falls into the lake. While Chaudard teaches hismen how to swim, two German fighter planes appear, forcing them out of the water. After shooting down one of the German planes, a French pilot, Lieutenant Duvauchel, makes an emergency landing and escapesbefore his plane explodes. PFC Pithiviers, seeing the bad shape of one of his shoes, destroys what is left of his shoe sole. Tassin is sent on patrol to get food and a new pair of shoes for Pithiviers. Tassin arrives in a farm,but only finds a dog, so he returns and Chaudard goes to the farm after nightfall. The farmer returns with her daughter-in-law and Lt Duvauchel, and she welcomes Chaudard. Duvauchel, who is hiding behind the door,comes out upon hearing the news and decides to meet Chaudard's men.When Chaudard and Duvauchel return to the camp, Tassin and Pithiviers are roasting a rabbit they caught. Duvauchel realizes that Chaudard hasbeen lying and takes command.The following day, the men leave the wood in early morning and capture a German armored tow truck after killing its two drivers. They originally planned to abandon the truck and thetwo dead Germans in the woods, but instead realized that the truck is the best way to disguise themselves and free the 7th Company. They put on the Germans' uniforms, recover another soldier of the 7th Company,who succeeded in escaping, and obtain resources from a collaborator who mistook them for Germans.On their way, they encounter a National Gendarmerie patrol, who appear to be a 5th column. The patrol injures thenewest member of their group, a young soldier, and then are killed by Tassin. In revenge, they destroy a German tank using the tow truck's cannon gun.They planned to go to Paris but are misguided by their owncolonel, but find the 7th Company with guards who are bringing them to Germany. Using their cover, they make the guards run in front of the truck, allowing the company to get away. When Captain Dumont joins hisChaudard, Tassin, and Pithiviers in the truck, who salute the German commander with a great smile.CastingJean Lefebvre : PFC PithiviersPierre Mondy : Staff Sergent Paul ChaudardAldo Maccione: PFC TassinRobertLamoureux: Colonel BlanchetErik Colin: Lieutenant DuvauchelPierre Tornade: Captain DumontAlain Doutey: CarlierRobert Dalban : The peasantJacques Marin: The collaborationistRobert Rollis: A FrenchsoldierProductionThe film's success spawned two sequels:– 1975 : On a retrouvé la septième compagnie (The Seventh Company Has Been Found) by Robert Lamoureux;– 1977 : La Septième Compagnie au clair de lune(The Seventh Company Outdoors)) by Robert Lamoureux.The story is set in Machecoul woods, but it was actually filmed near Cerny and La Ferté-Alais, as well as Jouars-Pontchartrain and Rochefort-en-Yvelines. The


Passage 1:George AlagiahGeorge Maxwell Alagiah  ( born 22 November 1955) is a British newsreader, journalist and television news presenter.Since 3 December 2007, he has been the presenter of the BBC News at Sixand was previously the main presenter of GMT on BBC World News since its launch on 1 February 2010.BackgroundAlagiah was born in Colombo, Ceylon on 22 November 1955. His parents, Donald Alagiah, an engineer,and Therese, were Sri Lankan Tamil. In 1961, his parents moved to Ghana in West Africa, where he had his primary education at Christ the King International School. He has four sisters. His secondary education tookplace at St John's College, an independent Roman Catholic school in Portsmouth, England, after which he read politics at Van Mildert College, Durham University. Whilst at Durham, he wrote for and became editor of thestudent newspaper Palatinate and was a sabbatical officer of Durham Students' Union.In 2004, he returned to his grandfather's original home in Sri Lanka in the aftermath of the Asian tsunami to survey the damage.The family's former home had been destroyed, but he was able to recognise an old well where he had played with his sisters, although the well was unsalvageable.Broadcasting careerAlagiah joined the BBC in 1989after seven years in print journalism with South Magazine. Before becoming a presenter, he was Developing World correspondent, based in London, and then Southern Africa correspondent in Johannesburg. As one ofthe BBC's leading foreign correspondents, he reported on events ranging from the genocide in Rwanda to the plight of the Marsh Arabs in southern Iraq to the civil wars in Afghanistan, Liberia, Sierra Leone andSomalia.He was the presenter of BBC Four News from its launch in 2002; the programme was later relaunched as The World and then another edition of World News Today. In January 2003 he joined the BBC SixO'Clock News, which he co-presented with Sophie Raworth until October 2005, and with Natasha Kaplinsky until October 2007. Since 3 December 2007, he has been the sole presenter of the Six O'Clock News. Prior tothat, he had been the deputy anchor of the BBC One O'Clock News and BBC Nine O'Clock News from 1999. Since 3 July 2006, he has presented World News Today on BBC World News and BBC Two, which wasrebranded GMT on 1 February 2010. He last appeared on the programme in 2014. He was formerly a relief presenter on BBC News at Ten, presenting mainly Monday to Thursday when main presenters Huw Edwardsand Fiona Bruce were unavailable.A specialist on Africa and the developing world, Alagiah has interviewed, among others, Nelson Mandela, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, former Secretary-General of the United Nations KofiAnnan and President Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe. His other documentaries and features include reports on why affirmative action in America is a 'Lost Cause', for the Assignment programme, Saddam Hussein'sgenocidal campaign against the Kurds of northern Iraq for the BBC's Newsnight programme and a report on the last reunion of the veterans of Dunkirk.Awards and interestsIn 2000, Alagiah was part of the BBC teamwhich collected a BAFTA award for its coverage of the Kosovo conflict. He has won numerous awards including Best International Report at the Royal Television Society in 1993 and in 1994 was the overall winner of theAmnesty International UK Media Awards. He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours.His appearances at literary festivals include Cheltenham, Keswick, Hay-on-Wyeand London, and he has spoken at the Royal Geographical Society, the Royal Society of Arts and at the Royal Overseas League. He is on the Board of the Royal Shakespeare Company.From 2002 to 2009, Alagiah was apatron of the Fairtrade Foundation from which in July 2009, he was obliged to resign by BBC Management who claimed professional conflict of interest. Complaints were received at the BBC from members of the publicwho were unhappy that Alagiah had been asked to step down. The BBC responded that in keeping with its principles of impartiality, it would be inappropriate for one of its leading journalists to be seen supporting amovement that clearly represents a controversial view of global trade. He has also been actively involved in supporting microfinance as a tool for development, including recent appearances in support of OpportunityInternational. He has been a patron of Parenting UK since 2000.In 2010, he received the Outstanding Achievement in Television award at the Asian Awards.In 2020, his debut novel The Burning Land was shortlisted fora Society of Authors' award. The book is described as a "gripping, pacy thriller about corruption and homicide in South Africa".Personal lifeHe is married to Frances Robathan, whom he met at Durham University. Thecouple have two children, Adam and Matthew. He lives in Stoke Newington, North London.On 17 April 2014, it was announced that Alagiah was being treated for colorectal cancer. A statement from the BBC said: "He isgrateful for all the good wishes he has received thus far and is optimistic for a positive outcome." On 28 June, Alagiah announced on Twitter that he was making "encouraging progress". In late October 2015 heannounced on Twitter that the treatment was officially over, and he returned to the BBC on 10 November. In January 2018 it emerged that the cancer had returned and he would undergo further treatment.In March2018, in an interview with The Sunday Times, Alagiah noted that his cancer was terminal and could have been caught earlier if the screening programme in England, which is automatically offered from the age of 60,was the same as that in Scotland, where it is automatically offered from the age of 50.In June 2020 Alagiah said that the cancer had spread to his lungs, liver and lymph nodes, but was not at a "chronic" or "terminal"stage. In October 2022, Alagiah announced that his cancer had spread further and he took a break from TV to undergo a new series of treatment.Passage 2:William CrawleyWilliam Crawley, MRIA, is a Belfast-born BBCjournalist and broadcaster. He is the presenter of Talkback, a daily radio programme on BBC Radio Ulster, and he is a presenter of Sunday on BBC Radio 4. He has also made several television series for BBC NorthernIreland.Early lifeWilliam Hugh Galloway Crawley was born and raised in North Belfast. He was educated at Grove Primary School, Dunlambert Secondary School, Belfast Royal Academy and Queen's University, where hestudied Philosophy (B.A., M.Phil.). He read Theology (M.Div.) at Princeton Theological Seminary. In 1999 Crawley was awarded a PhD by Queen's for a thesis on the epistemology of the American philosopher AlvinPlantinga.Prior to his career in the media, Crawley worked as a university lecturer in Philosophy and Theology. Having been licensed, then subsequently ordained into the ministry of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland inthe mid-1990s, he worked as assistant minister in First Presbyterian Church, New York City, and Fisherwick Presbyterian Church, Belfast, before serving as Presbyterian chaplain at the University of Ulster. He laterresigned from the ordained ministry and from membership of the church before beginning his career as a journalist. He has described himself as "a lapsed Protestant."Television programmesBlueprint NI, a three-partseries examining Ireland's natural history, first broadcast in 2008.The late-night television interview show, William Crawley Meets..., a series of 30 minutes in duration with leading thinkers and social reformers fromacross the world, including the philosopher Peter Singer, the scientist Richard Dawkins, the writer and broadcaster Melvyn Bragg, and the gay bishop Gene Robinson.Frozen North (BBC One, 2008), a documentaryexamining the possible future impact of global warming.Festival Nights (BBC Two), television coverage of the 2005, 2006 and 2007 Belfast Festival at Queens.Hearts and Minds, a Northern Ireland politicsprogramme.What's Wrong With ...? (BBC One), a six-part round-table current affairs discussion programme.More Than Meets The Eye (BBC Two, 2008), a series investigating folklore in contemporary Ireland.Heanchored the BBC's live coverage of the Queen's official visit to Northern Ireland in 2008.In 2010, he presented an episode of Spotlight (BBC One NI) concerning the Vatican.In 2012, he wrote and presented a60-minute documentary exploring the history of the Ulster Covenant.In 2013, his series An Independent People examined the history of Ireland's Presbyterians.His 2013 one-hour documentary It's a Blas followed hisyear-long effort to learn Irish sufficiently well to present a live radio programme in the language.The 2013 programme The Man Who Shrank The World told the story of the engineering feat carried out by the scientistLord Kelvin in the creation of a transatlantic communications cable was made as part of the Groundbreakers series for BBC Four.His 2014 four-part series for BBC Two Northern Ireland, It's a Brave New World -- NewZealand, examined the links between Northern Ireland and New Zealand.2015 Brave New World: USA (4 part series).2016 Brave New World: Australia (4 part series).2017 Brave New World: Canada (4 partseries).2018 Brave New World: Bringing It Home (1 episode).2019 Spend It Like Stormont.Radio programmesHe presented Sunday Sequence on BBC Radio Ulster from 2002 to 2014.Since 2008, he has presentedSunday on BBC Radio 4.He has presented the daily radio phone-in show Talkback on BBC Radio Ulster since 2015.He has presented Radio 4's Beyond Belief and The Moral Maze.Awards and membershipsFellow of theRoyal Society of the Arts (FRSA).Fellow of the British-American Project.Recipient of Eisenhower Fellowship (2012).Honorary Doctor of Letters (D.Lit.), Queen's University Belfast, 2012, for services tobroadcasting.Andrew Cross Award for Speech Broadcaster of the Year 2006, and other programme content awards.Thinker and Explainer of the Year, Slugger O'Toole/Channel 4 Political Awards 2011.Aisling Award,2013, for contribution to Irish language broadcasting.Patron, Belfast Film Festival.Member of advisory board of Irish Pages: A Journal of Contemporary Writing.2015 Royal Television Society Documentary Award forBrave New World: New Zealand.Member of the Royal Irish Academy.2022 IMRO Speech Broadcaster of the Year (Gold Award).Passage 3:Tim RussertTimothy John Russert (May 7, 1950 – June 13, 2008) was anAmerican television journalist and lawyer who appeared for more than 16 years as the longest-serving moderator of NBC's Meet the Press. He was a senior vice president at NBC News, Washington bureau chief and alsohosted an eponymous CNBC/MSNBC weekend interview program. He was a frequent correspondent and guest on NBC's The Today Show and Hardball. Russert covered several presidential elections, and he presentedthe NBC News/Wall Street Journal survey on the NBC Nightly News during the 2008 U.S. presidential election. Time magazine included Russert in its list of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2008. Russertwas posthumously revealed as a 30-year source for syndicated columnist Robert Novak.Early lifeRussert was born in Buffalo, New York, the son of Elizabeth "Betty" (née Seeley; January 9, 1929 – August 14, 2005), ahomemaker, and Timothy Joseph "Big Russ" Russert (November 29, 1923 – September 24, 2009), a sanitation worker. Elizabeth and Joseph were married for 30 years, before separating in 1976. Russert was the onlyson and the second of four children; his sisters are Betty Ann (B.A.), Kathleen (Kathy) and Patricia (Trish). His parents were Catholics, and he had German and Irish ancestry. He received a Jesuit education fromCanisius High School in Buffalo.He received his Bachelor of Arts in 1972 from John Carroll University and a Juris Doctor with honors from the Cleveland State University College of Law in 1976. Russert commented onMeet the Press that he went to Woodstock "in a Buffalo Bills jersey with a case of beer." While in law school, an official from his alma mater, John Carroll University, called Russert to ask if he could book some concertsfor the school as he had done while a student. He agreed, but said he would need to be paid because he was running out of money to pay for law school. One concert that Russert booked was headlined by athen-unknown singer, Bruce Springsteen, who charged $2,500 for the concert appearance. Russert told this story to Jay Leno when he was a guest on The Tonight Show on NBC on June 6, 2006. John Carroll Universityhas since named its Department of Communication and Theatre Arts in Russert's honor.Professional careerPoliticalPrior to becoming host of Meet the Press, Russert ran one of U.S. Senator Daniel Moynihan's five majoroffices, based in Buffalo, New York. He later served as special counsel and as chief of staff to Moynihan, a Democrat from Hell's Kitchen, New York. In 1983, he became a top aide to New York Governor Mario Cuomo,also a Democrat.NBC News: Washington bureau chief and host of Meet the PressHe was hired by NBC News' Washington bureau in 1984 and became bureau chief by 1989. Russert became host of the Sunday morningprogram Meet the Press in 1991, and was the longest-serving host of the program. Its name was changed to Meet the Press with Tim Russert, and, at his suggestion, expanded to an hour in 1992. The show also shiftedto a greater focus on in-depth interviews with high-profile guests, where Russert was known for extensive preparatory research and cross-examining style. One approach he developed was to find old quotes or videoclips that were inconsistent with guests' more recent statements, present them on-air to his guests and then ask them to clarify their positions. With Russert as host the audience grew to more than four million viewersper week, and it was recognized as one of the most important sources of political news. Time magazine named Russert one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2008, and Russert often moderated politicalcampaign debates.Political coverage and debatesDuring NBC's coverage of the 2000 presidential election, Russert calculated possible Electoral College outcomes using a whiteboard (now in the Smithsonian Institution)on the air and memorably summed up the outcome as dependent upon "Florida, Florida, Florida." TV Guide described the scene as "one of the 100 greatest moments in TV history." Russert again accurately predictedthe final battleground of the presidential election of 2004: "Ohio, Ohio, Ohio." In the course of the debate leading up to that election, Russert used February 2004 interviews with the two candidates  to home in on theparadoxical fact (and the possible consequences for democracy) of their both apparently having been members of Yale University's Skull and Bones secret society. On the MSNBC show Tucker, Russert predicted thebattleground states of the 2008 presidential election would be New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona and Nevada, saying, "If Democrats can win three of those four, they can lose Ohio and Florida, and win the presidency."Redstates and blue statesAccording to The Washington Post, the phrases red states and blue states were coined by Tim Russert, although in that same article Russert states that he wasn't the first to use the terminology.This term refers to those states of the United States of America whose residents predominantly vote for the Republican Party (red) or Democratic Party (blue) presidential candidates, respectively. John Chancellor,Russert's NBC colleague, is credited with using red and blue to represent the states on a US map for the 1976 presidential election, but at that time Republican states were blue, and Democratic states were red. (Howthe colors got reversed is not entirely clear.) During the 1984 presidential election, between Ronald Reagan and Walter Mondale, ABC News used a map which showed Republican states as red and Democratic states asblue. According to David Brinkley, that was because Red = R = Reagan. Mainstream political discussion following the 2000 presidential election used red state/blue state more frequently.CIA leak scandalIn the Plameaffair, Scooter Libby, convicted chief of staff for Vice President Dick Cheney, told special prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald that Russert told him of the identity of Central Intelligence Agency officer Valerie Plame (who ismarried to former ambassador Joseph C. Wilson). Russert testified previously, and again in United States v. I. Lewis Libby, that he would neither testify whether he spoke with Libby nor would he describe theconversation. Russert did say, however, that Plame's identity as a CIA operative was not leaked to him. Russert testified again in the trial on February 7, 2007. According to The Washington Post, Russert testified that"when any senior government official calls him, they are presumptively off the record," saying: "when I talk to senior government officials on the phone, it's my own policy our conversations are confidential. If I want touse anything from that conversation, then I will ask permission."At the trial, the prosecution asserted that a Federal Bureau of Investigation agent had called Russert regarding Russert's phone call with Libby, and thatRussert had told the agent that the subject of Plame had not come up during his conversation with Libby. Russert was posthumously revealed as a thirty-year source of columnist Robert Novak, whose original articlerevealed Plame's affiliation with the CIA. In a Slate.com article, Jack Shafer argued that "the Novak-Russert relationship poses a couple of questions. [...] Russert's long service as an anonymous source toNovak...requires further explanation." In a posthumous commentary, the L.A. Times wrote that, "Like former New York Times reporter Judith Miller, Russert was one of the high-level Washington journalists who cameout of the Libby trial looking worse than shabby." The article's author, Tim Rutten, argued that although Russert and NBC had claimed that these conversations were protected by journalistic privilege, "it emerged underexamination [that] Russert already had sung like a choirboy to the FBI concerning his conversation with Libby—and had so voluntarily from the first moment the Feds contacted him. All the litigation was for the sake ofimage and because the journalistic conventions required it."Iraq WarIn the lead-up to the Iraq War, Meet the Press featured interviews with top government officials including Vice President Dick Cheney. CBS EveningNews correspondent Anthony Mason praised Russert's interview techniques: "In 2003, as the United States prepared to go to war in Iraq, Russert pressed Vice President Dick Cheney about White House assumptions."However, Salon.com reported a statement from Cheney press aide Cathie Martin regarding advice she says she offered when the Bush administration had to respond to charges that it manipulated pre-Iraq Warintelligence: "I suggested we put the vice president on Meet the Press, which was a tactic we often used. It's our best format." David Folkenflik quoted Russert in his May 19, 2004, Baltimore Sun article:I don't think thepublic was, at that time, particularly receptive to hearing it," Russert says. "Back in October of 2002, when there was a debate in Congress about the war in Iraq—three-fourths of both houses of Congress voted with thepresident to go. Those in favor were so dominant. We don't make up the facts. We cover the facts as they were.Folkenflik went on to write:Russert's remarks would suggest a form of journalism that does not raise theinsolent question from outside polite political discourse—so, if an administration's political foes aren't making an opposing case, it's unlikely to get made. In the words of one of my former editors, journalists can readthe polls just like anybody else.In the 2007 PBS documentary, Buying the War, Russert commented:My concern was, is that there were concerns expressed by other government officials. And to this day, I wish myphone had rung, or I had access to them.2008 presidential debateAt the February debate, Russert was criticized for what some perceived as disproportionately tough questioning of Democratic presidential contenderHillary Clinton. Among the questions, Russert had asked Clinton, but not Obama, to provide the name of the new Russian President (Dmitry Medvedev). This was later parodied on Saturday Night Live. In October 2007,liberal commentators accused Russert of harassing Clinton over the issue of supporting drivers' licenses for illegal immigrants.Enthusiasm for sportsRussert grew up as a New York Yankees fan, switching his allegianceto the Washington Nationals when they were established in Washington, D.C. Russert held season tickets to both the Nationals and the Washington Wizards and was elected to the board of directors of the Baseball Hall


Passage 1:OttakootharOttakoothar (c. 12th century CE) was a Tamil court poet to three Later Chola kings, namely Vikrama Chola, Kulotunga II and Rajaraja II. He wrote poems in praise of these three kings.The poet'smemorial is believed to be still in a place known as Darasuram in Kumbakonam, just opposite the famous Airavatesvara Temple. According to legend, the goddess Saraswati blessed him in Koothanur, then he became afamous poet.FamilyAccording to a legend, there was once a  Chola king called Muchukundan who had his capital at Karur. He is said to have won the favor of God Murugan after deep penances and the latter is said tohave bestowed upon him his personal bodyguards to aid him in his wars. Muchukundan Chola then married Chitravalli, daughter of the warrior chief and Murugan's bodyguard called Virabahu and spawned a new line.The poet Ottakoothar is presented as the scion of the family of this Sengunthar chief in his work Eeti-elupattu. It is worth mentioning that this Muchukunda Chola figures in the ancestry of Rajendra I as detailed in hisTiruvalangadu copper plates.Literary worksOttakoothar (Tamil: ) is renowned for his Ula poems on the three successive kings, Vikrama Chola, Kulothunga II and Rajaraja II.  The Ula poems aregenerally written in honor of the king and describe the triumphant procession of the king amidst the people and his subjects. He also authored a work dealing with the Kulottunga II's childhood called Kulottunga CholanPillai Tamil.Ottakoothar wrote Uttara Kandam, the seventh (last chapter) kandam of the Tamil epic Ramayanam. Ottakoothar's works can be found at the open access Tamil literature repository Project Madurai.Duringthis period when he was very popular, the Sengunthar community, the one to which he belonged, requested him to compose a work in their honor. He initially refused but then later agreed provided they brought him1008 heads of their first born sons. Accordingly, 1008 members of the community sacrificed their lives so that he could write about their history. The poet then wrote, Eeti-elupattu, a poem consisting of seventy versesin honor of the spear and extolled the glorious past of the Sengunthar chiefs and soldiers. He later wrote another poem called Elupp-elupattu in order to bring back the 1008 dead members to life. When he sang it theheads are said to have miraculously attached to their bodies and the dead became alive once again. The poet Koothar thus came to be known as Otta Koothar  for he attached the heads to the bodies and revivedthem.Popular cultureIn the 1957 Tamil film Ambikapathy, the character of Ottakoothar was portrayed and was performed by M. N. Nambiar. The character was also played by Rajesh in Mahasakthi Mariamman, a 1986Tamil film.See alsoKoothanur Maha Saraswathi TemplePassage 2:Rajaraja IIRajaraja II was a chola emperor who reigned from 1150 CE to 1173 CE. He was made his heir apparent and Co-Regent in 1146 and so theinscriptions of Rajaraja II count his reign from 1146. Rajaraja's reign began to show signs of the coming end of the dynasty.Growing weaknessThe extent of the Chola territories remained as it was during Rajaraja'spredecessors. The Vengi country was still firmly under the Chola rule.The Chola central administration did show weaknesses with regard to their control and effective administration over the outlying parts of the empire,which became pronounced towards the end of Raja Raja-II's reign.  However, Rajaraja regained adequate control of provinces like Vengi, Kalinga, Pandya and Chera territories. He probably even invaded Sri Lanka as isexplained in one of the Tamil poems written during his time.  This is borne out by the fact that not just Rajaraja, but also his successors like Kulothunga III bore titles like Tribhuvana Chakravartin attesting to theirmilitary capabilities and cultural achievements.During the last years of Rajaraja's reign, a civil unrest as a result of a succession dispute convulsed the Pandya country, further weakening Chola influence there. This wasonly to be expected as even though the Pandyas were subjugated by the Cholas since the time of Aditya I and were firmly controlled until the time of Virarajendra, the Madurai kingdom nevertheless kept making effortsfrom time to time, for gaining their independence from their occupiers.  Later Pandyas like Maravarman or Maravaramban Sundara Pandyan, Jatavarman Vira Pandyan and Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan steadily went onincreasing their power and prestige and were to emerge as the most powerful kingdom in South India during the period 1200–1300. These developments were to slowly but surely weaken the Chola kingdom, thoughthere was a minor revival during the fairly steady rule of Kulothunga III (1178–1218).In as much as the cholas during his time were dominant militarily is noted by some literature that mention Raja Raja's conquest andhis innovative management initiatives.Here is excerpt from an inscription of his from the Rajagopala Perumal temple:..Having won the heart (of the goddess) of the earth for countless ages, (he) was pleased to beseated on the throne of heroes, (made) of pure gold..while the Villavar (Cheras), Telungar, Minavar (Pandyas),..and other kings prostrated themselves (before him). In the 8th year (of the reign) of (this) kingParakesarivarman, alias the emperor of the three worlds, Sri-Rajarajadeva.Death and successionThe last regnal year cited in Rajaraja's inscription is 26. That makes the last year of his reign 1173. Rajaraja was notdestined to live long. Rajaraja did not have any suitable direct descendant to ascend the Chola throne so he chose Rajadhiraja Chola II a grandson of Vikrama Chola as his heir.  According to the Pallavarayanpettaiinscription, Rajaraja died four years after he made Rajadhiraja Chola II as heir-apparent.  Since, Rajadhiraja himself was quite young, he would require the help of Pallavarayar to usher the young sons of Rajaraja tosafety. According to the inscription, Pallavarayar took steps immediately after the death of Rajaraja for the protection of the king's children, aged one and two years. According to historian Krishnaswami Aiyangar,Kulothunga Chola III who is widely considered as the last great Chola sovereign was the son of Rajaraja II.Socio-Religious AchievementsKUMBAKONAMOne of the most important achievements of Rajaraja II was thatdespite being considered a weak king, it appears that he did enjoy periods of calm and peace especially during the later half of his 26-year rule.  It was during this period that he initiated construction of the very famousAiravatesvarar Temple at Darasuram, Kumbakonam .  This royal Siva temple, which is one of the trinity of the Great Living Chola Temples along with the Brihadeeswarar Temple Temples at  Thanjavur and GangaikondaCholapuram all of which are World Heritage Sites.  The Airavateswarar Temple was completed either by the time his rule ended or during the initial period of his successor, Rajadhiraja II. The Airavateswarar Temple isconsidered an  architectural marvel of the Later Chola  period and this tradition was carried on by Kulothunga III who built the Kampahareswarar Temple at Tribhuvanam in commemoration of his conquest of Madurai,Kalinga, Karuvur and his defeat of the Hoysala King Veera Ballala II  This temple contains innumerable miniature freezes containing stories from Ramayanam, Periya Puranam and other stories devoted to Siva-Parvati,Vinayagar, Karthikeya etc.  The temple is also a symbol of continuing architectural tradition of the Chola craftsmen for it also has musical stairs called the Saptasvaras near a small shrine for Ganapati. TheMukhamandapam or the Mukhyamandapam of this temple is a real architectural marvel containing many great architectural specimen and was a continuation of the Later Chola tradition of building temples in the shapeof giant elephant-driven Rathas or Chariots as like as in Melakadambur siva temple built by Kulothunga I, which was also carried on not just by later Chola kings such as Kulothunga III but also by the kings of Kalingaand culminated in construction of the Sun Temple of Konarak by Eastern Ganga king Narasinghdeo. This is one of the later Chola temples which have remained unparalleled in terms of architectural excellence to date,that left a lasting impression on the succeeding dynasties to the Chola rule.Rajaraja also made numerous grants to the temples at Tanjore, Chidambaram, Kanchi, Srirangam, Tiruchy as well as to the temples atMadurai.  He was also believed to be a regular visitor to the temples in Parasurama's country (Kerala), which were also recipients of his grants. During his time the chola navies did remain dominant in the western seaas well as eastern sea.Overall he was a benevolent king who did put up good administrative processes, including efficient revenue generation systems as evidenced by his relief measures to the people during the timesof both the famine and civil unrest, which though did take some effort to subdue, but which finally ensured that he retained the loyalty and respect of his ministers, commanders and the general sections of thepopulace.Extent of the Empire and Summary of the ruleEven though there was a famine which further caused a civil disturbance, Raja Raja-II nevertheless, kept most of his adversaries under control and also succeededin largely maintaining the Chola territories consisting of their possessions in Tamizhagam including Kongunadu, Madurai and Thirunelveli, Nellore-Guntur areas (with Renandu and Telugu Cholas having allegiance to RajaRaja-II but controlling their areas with more authority than before), Visaiyavadai(Vijayawada)-Eluru-Rajahmundry-Prakasham (Draksharama) areas traditionally controlled by Vengi kings, Kalinga (whose King was atribute paying subordinate and a supportive feudatory to Chola overlordship).. up to the banks of Hooghly.  In addition, he also had Northern Sri Lanka (as was the case during the time of his illustrious predecessor,Raja Raja-I) under his loose control while as compared to before, even though he had subdued Chera kings, due to the re-emergence of Pandya power, he was forced to allow more autonomy to Malainadu kings withwhom he was believed to be having marital relations. But somehow, Raja Raja-II proved not strong enough to regain control of the eastern Gangavadi province, which was lost to the Hoysalas by his predecessor, thegreat Vikrama Chola. Possibly, the Hoysalas themselves were trying to free themselves from the control of Western Chalukyas and other rapidly growing adversaries like Kalachuris and Kakatiyas, who were as hostile tothe Chalukyas and Hoysalas, as they were to the Cholas and even the Pandyas, as would be evidenced in the later years.NotesPassage 3:Ali RahumaAli Khalifa Rahuma (Arabic:  )  (born May 16, 1982)is a Libyan football midfielder, also a Libyan national. He currently plays for Al-Ittihad, and is a member of the Libya national football team.External linksAli Rahuma at National-Football-Teams.comSoccerPunter. “AliKhalifa Rahuma Profile and Statistics.” SoccerPunter. SoccerPunter, n.d. Web. 6 Sept. 2016Passage 4:Nayelly HernándezNayelly Hernández (born 23 February 1986) is a former Mexican professional squash player. Shehas represented Mexico internationally in several international competitions including the Central American and Caribbean Games, Pan American Games, Women's World Team Squash Championships. Nayelly achievedher highest career ranking of 57 in October 2011 during the 2011 PSA World Tour. Her husband Chris Walker whose nationality is English is also a professional squash player. She joined the Trinity College in 2008 as thefirst Mexican female to join a US college for squash and graduated in 2010.CareerNayelly joined PSA in 2006 and took part in the PSA World Tour until 2016, the 2015-16 PSA World Tour was her last World Tour prior tothe retirement.Nayelly Hernandez represented Mexico at the 2007 Pan American Games and claimed a bronze medal as a part of the team event on her maiden appearance at the Pan American Games. In the 2011 PanAmerican Games she clinched gold in the women's doubles event along with Samantha Teran and settled for bronze in the team event. She has also participated at the Women's World Team Squash Championships onfour occasions in 2010, 2012, 2014 and in 2016.Passage 5:Eleni Gabre-MadhinEleni Zaude Gabre-Madhin (born 12 July 1964) is an Ethiopian-born Swiss economist, and former chief executive officer of the EthiopiaCommodity Exchange (ECX). She has had many years of experience working on agricultural markets – particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa – and has held senior positions in the World Bank, the International Food PolicyResearch Institute (Washington), and United Nations (Geneva).Eleni GebremedhnEleni was born in Addis Ababa, Ethiopian Empire on 12 July 1964. She grew up in four different African countries including Kenya,Tanzania and South Africa. She speaks fluent Swahili, English, Amharic and French. She graduated from Rift Valley Academy in Kenya with the highest of honours. She has a PhD in Applied Economics from StanfordUniversity, master's degrees from Michigan State University and bachelor's in economics from Cornell University. Eleni was selected as "Ethiopian Person of the Year" for the 2002 ET calendar year (2009/2010Gregorian) by the Ethiopian newspaper Jimma Times.CareerShe was the main driving force behind the development of the Ethiopia Commodity Exchange (ECX). Whilst working as a researcher for the International FoodPolicy Research Institute (IFPRI) she examined agricultural markets for many years and noticed, as had many others, that whilst in some years or regions there were severe shortages or droughts in others there weresurpluses or bumper harvests. Specifically in her survey of grain traders in 2002, she found that a key factor was the lack of effective infrastructure and services needed for grain markets to function properly.  Tradersoften failed to have access to sufficient credit, information about the market, transportation and other vital resources and contract compliance was difficult to enforce.  In 2004 she moved home from the US to lead anIFPRI program to improve Ethiopia's agricultural policies and markets. Specifically she undertook the important role of coordinating the advisory body developing the ECX.   She became CEO of the new exchange in2008, and argued that "(W)hen farmers can sell their crops on the open market and get a fair price, they will have much more incentive to be productive, and Ethiopia will be much less prone to food crises" .... and thatthe "ECX will allow farmers and traders to link to the global economy, propelling Ethiopian agriculture forward to a whole new level."In February 2013, she became a director of Syngenta.In 2013, Eleni launched eleniLLC, a company intended to build and invest in commodity exchanges in markets in the developing world, including Africa.In November 2021, the Canadian novelist Jeff Pearce leaked a video that depicts Eleni'sparticipation in a virtual meeting discussion, along with Professor Ephraim Isaac, former Ethiopian Minister of Foreign Affairs and current TPLF spokesperson Berhane Gebre-Christos and several Western diplomats, thatmentioned a transitional government during Tigray War. Shortly, she was removed from membership of the Independent Economic Council, which formed to support Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed economic transition.  On25 November, Eleni released a statement that denying the allegation as "deliberately misrepresented". Two days before the leaked video unveiled, police forces searched her house and remained undisclosed forsuspected foul play.  The incident stirred public outrage in Ethiopia and its diaspora, condemning her as traitor. The University of Gondar also revoked an honorary doctorate it had awarded her.AwardsIn 2010, Eleni wasnamed Ethiopian Person of the Year for the 2002 Ethiopian year. Eleni was listed as one of the 50 Women Shaping Africa in 2011.In 2012, Eleni was awarded the Yara Laurate Prize from the Norwegian fertilizermanufacturer Yara International for her outstanding contributions to sustainable food production and distribution with socio-economic impact. Previous recipients of the prize include former prime minister of EthiopiaMeles Zenawi. That same year, she was recognized as one of New African Magazine's 100 Most Influential Africans, won the African Banker Icon Award, and invited to the G8 Summit at Camp David.She was granted ThePower with Purpose Award from Devex and McKinnsey in 2016.Formerly, Eleni Gabre-Madhin received an honorary doctorate, in 2013, from the University of Gondar in Ethiopia. However, later in November 2021, theUniversity of Gondar revoked the Honorary Doctorate of Eleni Gabre-Madhin in relation to her involved clandestine video meeting aimed at toppling the democratically elected government of Ethiopia.Passage6:Kulothunga Chola IIKulothunga II (died 1150 CE) was a Chola Emperor from 1133 CE to 1150 CE. He succeeded Vikrama Chola to the throne in 1135 CE. Vikrama Chola made Kulothunga his heir apparent andcoregent in 1133 CE, so the inscriptions of Kulothunga II count his reign from 1133 CE. According to historians Nilakanta Sastri and T.N Subramanian, Kulottunga Chola II was not the son of Vikrama Chola and theyhave suggested that there was a break in the line of succession.Personal life and familyKulothunga II preferred to live in Chidambaram rather than the royal capital at Gangaikonda Cholapuram. Of the various titles  hehad, Anapaaya was perhaps his favourite. It is found in his inscriptions as well in the poetic tribute Kulothunga Cholan Ula. He was also called Tirunirruchola.Kulothunga II was succeeded by Rajaraja Chola II in 1150CE.Extent of EmpireThe extent of empire as inherited from his predecessor Vikrama Chola was well maintained. The Western Chalukya kingdom was overthrown by the Yadava chiefs of Devagiri and Hoysalas ofDwarasamudra during this period. Kulottunga II took advantage of the internal skirmishes and rebellions in the Kannada and Chalukya country to establish his hold over Vengi and Eastern Chalukya territories. Gonka IIof the Velanadu Choda family who ruled over northern part of Vengi acknowledged his supremacy. Similarly the Kadapa-Nellore chief, Madurantaka Pottapi Choda, son of Betta I and Buddhavarman III of the Kondavidubranch and his son Mandaya II also acknowledged the king's authority in the Andhra country.Patron of ChidambaramChidambaram is one of those five places where Chola princes were invested with the crown.Kulothunga was a great devotee of the Chidambaram Temple to Lord Shiva in that city, and he celebrated his coronation there. An inscription of the king from Tirumanikuli hails this event and states that king celebratedhis coronation so as to add lustre to the city of Tillai (Chidambaram).He also financed an elaborate renovation of the temple as described in the poem Kulothunga Cholan Ula. It is possible that this renovation work was acontinuation of work started by Vikrama Chola. Kulottunga II is credited with gilding the Perambalam of the Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram with gold. He is also said to have constructed its gopurams and the ThousandPillared Hall.LiteratureKulottunga Chola II's reign was marked by literary activity as evidenced by the works of Sekkizhar and Ottakoothar. Sekkizhar composed the Periyapuranam, a religious treatise on Shaivism duringhis reign. The Kulottunga Cholan Ula and the Kulottunga Cholan Pillai Tamil, a work dealing with the king's childhood were authored by Ottakoothar in honor of the king.Persecution of VaishnavasSome scholars identifyKulothunga II with Krimikanta Chola or worm-necked Chola so called as he is said to have suffered from cancer of the throat or neck. The latter finds mention in the Vaishnava Guruparampara and is said to have been astrong opponent of the Vaishnavas. The work Parpannamritam (17th century) refers to the Chola king called Krimikanta who is said to have removed the Govindaraja idol from the Chidambaram Nataraja temple. TheKulothunga Cholan Ula states that during the reign of Kulottunga II, God Vishnu was sent back to his original abode, that is the sea. However, according to "Koil Olugu" (temple records) of the Srirangam temple,Kulottunga Chola was the son of Krimikanta Chola. The former, unlike his father, is said to have been a repentant son who supported Vaishnavism. Ramanuja is said to have made Kulottunga II as a disciple of hisnephew, Dasarathi. The king then granted the management of the Ranganathaswamy temple to Dasarathi and his descendants as per the wish of Ramanuja.InscriptionsThe Tyagarajaswami temple in Tiruvarur containsan inscription of the king in which he styles himself as Anapaaya and a bee at the lotus feet of Natesa at Chidambaram. As per the Muchukundasahasranamam, Anapaaya Mahipaala is another name of the deity


Passage 1:Dance of Death (disambiguation)Dance of Death, also called Danse Macabre, is a late-medieval allegory of the universality of death.Dance of Death or The Dance of Death may also refer to:BooksDance ofDeath, a 1938 novel by Helen McCloyDance of Death (Stine novel), a 1997 novel by R. L. StineDance of Death (novel), a 2005 novel by Douglas Preston and Lincoln ChildTheatre and filmThe Dance of Death (Strindbergplay), a 1900 play by August StrindbergThe Dance of Death, a 1908 play by Frank WedekindThe Dance of Death (Auden play), a 1933 play by W. H. AudenFilmThe Death Dance, a 1918 drama starring Alice BradyTheDance of Death (1912 film), a German silent filmThe Dance of Death (1919 film), an Austrian silent filmThe Dance of Death (1938 film), crime drama starring Vesta Victoria; screenplay by Ralph DawsonThe Dance ofDeath (1948 film), French-Italian drama based on Strindberg's play, starring Erich von StroheimThe Dance of Death (1967 film), a West German drama filmDance of Death or House of Evil, 1968 Mexican horror filmstarring Boris KarloffDance of Death (1969 film), a film based on Strindberg's play, starring Laurence OlivierDance of Death (1979 film), a Hong Kong film featuring Paul ChunMusicDance of Death (album), a 2003 albumby Iron Maiden, or the title songThe Dance of Death & Other Plantation Favorites, a 1964 album by John FaheyThe Dance of Death (Scaramanga Six album)"Death Dance", a 2016 song by SevendustSee alsoDance ofthe Dead (disambiguation)Danse Macabre (disambiguation)Bon Odori, a Japanese traditional dance welcoming the spirits of the deadLa danse des morts, an oratorio by Arthur HoneggerTotentanz(disambiguation)Passage 2:SennedjemSennedjem was an Ancient Egyptian artisan who was active during the reigns of Seti I and Ramesses II. He lived in Set Maat (translated as "The Place of Truth"), contemporaryDeir el-Medina, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes. Sennedjem had the title "Servant in the Place of Truth". He was buried along with his wife, Iyneferti, and members of his family in a tomb in the villagenecropolis. His tomb was discovered January 31, 1886. When Sennedjem's tomb was found, it contained furniture from his home, including a stool and a bed, which he used when he was alive.His titles included Servantin the Place of Truth, meaning that he worked on the excavation and decoration of the nearby royal tombs.See alsoTT1 – (Tomb of Sennedjem, family and wife)Passage 3:Kristján EldjárnKristján Eldjárn (Icelandic:[krstjaun ltjaurtn]; 6 December 1916 – 14 September 1982) was the third president of Iceland, from 1968 to 1980.BiographyKristján was born in Tjörn, Svarfaðardal, Iceland. His parents were Þórarinn Kr.Eldjárn, a teacher in Tjörn, and Sigrún Sigurhjartardóttir. He graduated in archaeology from the University of Copenhagen and taught at the University of Iceland. In 1957 he was awarded a doctorate for his researchinto pagan burials in Iceland. He was a teacher at the Akureyri Grammar School and the College of Navigation in Reykjavík, becoming a curator at the National Museum of Iceland in 1945 and its Director in 1947, aposition he held until the 1968 presidential election.In 1966–68 he hosted a series of educational TV programs on the (then new) Icelandic National Television (RÚV), in which he showed the audience some of theNational Museum's artefacts and explained their historical context. These programs became quite popular, making him a well known and respected popular figure. This no doubt gave him the incentive needed to run inthe 1968 presidential election as a politically non-affiliated candidate.Starting as the underdog in the 1968 presidential election, running against Ambassador Gunnar Thoroddsen who initially had a 70% lead in theopinion polls, Kristján won 65.6% of the vote on a 92.2% voter turnout. He was re-elected unopposed in 1972 and 1976. In 1980 he decided not to run for another term, wanting to devote his remaining years entirelyto continuing his lifelong academic work.President Kristján Eldjárn died following heart surgery in Cleveland, Ohio on 13 September 1982.His son Þórarinn Eldjárn is one of Iceland's most popular authors, specializing inshort stories, but also writing poetry and an occasional novel. His daughter Sigrún Eldjárn is also an author and illustrator of several children's books. Þórarinn's son, Ari Eldjárn, is Iceland's most prominent stand-upcomedian.Passage 4:Place of birthThe place of birth (POB) or birthplace is the place where a person was born. This place is often used in legal documents, together with name and date of birth, to uniquely identify aperson. Practice regarding whether this place should be a country, a territory or a city/town/locality differs in different countries, but often city or territory is used for native-born citizen passports and countries forforeign-born ones.As a general rule with respect to passports, if the place of birth is to be a country, it's determined to be the country that currently has sovereignty over the actual place of birth, regardless of when thebirth actually occurred. The place of birth is not necessarily the place where the parents of the new baby live. If the baby is born in a hospital in another place, that place is the place of birth. In many countries, this alsomeans that the government requires that the birth of the new baby is registered in the place of birth.Some countries place less or no importance on the place of birth, instead using alternative geographicalcharacteristics for the purpose of identity documents. For example, Sweden has used the concept of födelsehemort ("domicile of birth") since 1947. This means that the domicile of the baby's mother is the registeredplace of birth. The location of the maternity ward or other physical birthplace is considered unimportant.Similarly, Switzerland uses the concept of place of origin. A child born to Swiss parents is automatically assignedthe place of origin of the parent with the same last name, so the child either gets their mother's or father's place of origin. A child born to one Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the place of origin of theirSwiss parent. In a Swiss passport and identity card, the holder's place of origin is stated, not their place of birth. In Japan, the registered domicile is a similar concept.In some countries (primarily in the Americas), theplace of birth automatically determines the nationality of the baby, a practice often referred to by the Latin phrase jus soli. Almost all countries outside the Americas instead attribute nationality based on thenationality(-ies) of the baby's parents (referred to as jus sanguinis).There can be some confusion regarding the place of birth if the birth takes place in an unusual way: when babies are born on an airplane or at sea,difficulties can arise. The place of birth of such a person depends on the law of the countries involved, which include the nationality of the plane or ship, the nationality(-ies) of the parents and/or the location of the planeor ship (if the birth occurs in the territorial waters or airspace of a country).Some administrative forms may request the applicant's "country of birth". It is important to determine from the requester whether theinformation requested refers to the applicant's "place of birth" or "nationality at birth". For example, US citizens born abroad who acquire US citizenship at the time of birth, the nationality at birth will be USA(American), while the place of birth would be the country in which the actual birth takes place.Reference list8 FAM 403.4 Place of BirthPassage 5:Beaulieu-sur-LoireBeaulieu-sur-Loire (French pronunciation: [boljø sylwa], literally Beaulieu on Loire) is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France. It is the place of death of Jacques MacDonald, a French general who served in the Napoleonic Wars.PopulationSeealsoCommunes of the Loiret departmentPassage 6:Place of originIn Switzerland, the place of origin (German: Heimatort or Bürgerort, literally "home place" or "citizen place"; French: Lieu d'origine; Italian: Luogo diattinenza) denotes where a Swiss citizen has their municipal citizenship, usually inherited from previous generations. It is not to be confused with the place of birth or  place of residence, although two or all three ofthese locations may be identical depending on the person's circumstances.Acquisition of municipal citizenshipSwiss citizenship has three tiers. For a person applying to naturalise as a Swiss citizen, these tiers are asfollows:Municipal citizenship, granted by the place of residence after fulfilling several preconditions, such as sufficient knowledge of the local language, integration into local society, and a minimum number of years livedin said municipality.Cantonal (state) citizenship, for which a Swiss municipal citizenship is required. This requires a certain number of years lived in said canton.Country citizenship, for which both of the above arerequired, also requires a certain number of years lived in Switzerland (except for people married to a Swiss citizen, who may obtain simplified naturalisation without having to reside in Switzerland), and involves acriminal background check.The last two kinds of citizenship are a mere formality, while municipal citizenship is the most significant step in becoming a Swiss citizen. Nowadays the place of residence determines themunicipality where citizenship is acquired, for a new applicant, whereas previously there was a historical reason for preserving the municipal citizenship from earlier generations in the family line, namely to specify whichmunicipality held the responsibility of providing social welfare. The law has now been changed, eliminating this form of allocating responsibility to a municipality other than that of the place of residence. Care needs to betaken when translating the term in Swiss documents which list the historical "Heimatort" instead of the usual place of birth and place of residence.However, any Swiss citizen can apply for a second, a third or even moremunicipal citizenships for prestige reasons or to show their connection to the place they currently live – and thus have several places of origin. As the legal significance of the place of origin has waned (see below), Swisscitizens can often apply for municipal citizenship for no more than 100 Swiss francs after having lived in the same municipality for one or two years. In the past, it was common to have to pay between 2,000 and 4,000Swiss francs as a citizenship fee, because of the financial obligations incumbent on the municipality to grant the citizenship.A child born to two Swiss parents is automatically granted the citizenship of the parent whoselast name they hold, so the child gets either the mother's or the father's place of origin. A child born to one Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the citizenship, and thus the place of origin, of the Swissparent.International confusionAlmost uniquely in the world (with the exception of Japan, which lists one's Registered Domicile; and Sweden, which lists the mother's place of domicile as place of birth), the Swiss identitycard, passport and driving licence do not show the holder's birthplace, but only their place of origin. The vast majority of countries show the holder's actual birthplace on identity documents. This can lead toadministrative issues for Swiss citizens abroad when asked to demonstrate their actual place of birth, as no such information exists on any official Swiss identification documents. Only a minority of Swiss citizens have aplace of origin identical to their birthplace. More confusion comes into play through the fact that people can have more than one place of origin.Significance and historyA citizen of a municipality does not enjoy a largerset of rights than a non-citizen of the same municipality. To vote in communal, cantonal or national matters, only the current place of residence matters – or in the case of citizens abroad, the last Swiss place ofresidence.The law previously required that a citizen's place of origin continued to bear all their social welfare costs for two years after the citizen moved away. In 2012, the National Council voted by 151 to 9 votes toabolish this law. The place of domicile is now the sole payer of welfare costs.In 1923, 1937, 1959 and 1967, more cantons signed treaties that assured that the place of domicile had to pay welfare costs instead of theplace of origin, reflecting the fact that fewer and fewer people lived in their place of origin (1860: 59%, in 1910: 34%).In 1681, the Tagsatzung – the then Swiss parliament – decided that beggars should be deported totheir place of origin, especially if they were insufficiently cared for by their residential community.In the 19th century, Swiss municipalities even offered free emigration to the United States if the Swiss citizen agreed torenounce municipal citizenship, and with that the right to receive welfare.See alsoAncestral home (Chinese)Bon-gwanRegistered domicile== Notes and references ==Passage 7:Motherland (disambiguation)Motherlandis the place of one's birth, the place of one's ancestors, or the place of origin of an ethnic group.Motherland may also refer to:Music"Motherland" (anthem), the national anthem of MauritiusNational Song (Montserrat),also called "Motherland"Motherland (Natalie Merchant album), 2001Motherland (Arsonists Get All the Girls album), 2011Motherland (Daedalus album), 2011"Motherland" (Crystal Kay song), 2004Film andtelevisionMotherland (1927 film), a 1927 British silent war filmMotherland (2010 film), a 2010 documentary filmMotherland (2015 film), a 2015 Turkish dramaMotherland (2022 film), a 2022 documentary film about theSecond Nagorno-Karabakh WarMotherland (TV series), a 2016 British television seriesMotherland: Fort Salem, a 2020 American science fiction drama seriesOther usesMotherland Party (disambiguation), the name ofseveral political groupsPersonifications of Russia, including a list of monuments called MotherlandSee alsoAll pages with titles containing MotherlandMother Country (disambiguation)Passage 8:Valley of DeathValley ofDeath may refer to:PlacesValley of Death (Bydgoszcz), the site of a 1939 Nazi mass murder and mass grave site in northern PolandValley of Death (Crimea), the site of the Charge of the Light Brigade in the 1854 Battleof BalaclavaValley of Death (Gettysburg), the 1863 Gettysburg Battlefield landform of Plum RunValley of Death (Dukla Pass), the site of a tank battle during the Battle of the Dukla Pass in 1944 (World War II)The Valleyof Death, an area of poisonous volcanic gas near the Kikhpinych volcano in RussiaThe Valley of Death, an area of poisonous volcanic gas near the Tangkuban Perahu volcano in IndonesiaValley of Death, a nickname forthe highly polluted city of Cubatão, BrazilOther usesThe Valley of Death (audio drama), a Doctor Who audio playThe Valley of Death (film), a 1968 western film"Valley of Death", the flawed NewsStand: CNN & Timedebut program that caused the Operation Tailwind controversyA literary element of "The Charge of the Light Brigade" by Alfred, Lord TennysonA reference to the difficulty of covering negative cash flow in the earlystages of a start-up company; see Venture capital"The Valley of Death", a song by the Swedish heavy metal band Sabaton from the 2022 album The War to End All WarsSee alsoAll pages with titles containing Valley ofDeathDeath Valley (disambiguation)Valley of the Shadow of Death (disambiguation)Passage 9:Halldóra EldjárnHalldóra Eldjárn (24 November 1923 – 21 December 2008) was the wife of Icelandic President KristjánEldjárn and First Lady of Iceland from 1968 to 1980.Halldóra Ingólfsdóttir was born and raised in Ísafjörður. Her parents were Ingólfur Árnason, a businessman, and his wife Ólöf Sigríður Jónasdóttir; she was the eldestof four children. She graduated from the Commercial College of Iceland in 1942 and worked in an office in Reykjavík until her marriage to archaeologist and museum director Kristján Eldjárn in 1947. They lived inReykjavík and had four children. He retired in 1980 after three terms as President; after his death in 1982, Halldóra worked for the University of Iceland dictionary for a number of years.Passage 10:Where Was I"WhereWas I?" may refer to:Books"Where Was I?", essay by David Hawley Sanford from The Mind's IWhere Was I?, book by John Haycraft 2006Where was I?!, book by Terry Wogan 2009Film and TVWhere Was I? (film), 1925film directed by William A. Seiter. With Reginald Denny, Marian Nixon, Pauline Garon, Lee Moran.Where Was I? (2001 film), biography about songwriter Tim RoseWhere Was I? (TV series) 1952–1953 Quiz show with thepanelists attempting to guess a location by looking at photos"Where Was I?" episode of Shoestring (TV series) 1980Music"Where was I", song by W. Franke Harling and Al Dubin performed by Ruby Newman and HisOrchestra  with vocal chorus by  Larry Taylor and Peggy McCall  1939"Where Was I", single from Charley Pride discography 1988"Where Was I" (song), a 1994 song by Ricky Van Shelton"Where Was I (Donde EstuveYo)", song by Joe Pass from Simplicity (Joe Pass album)"Where Was I?", song by Guttermouth from The Album Formerly Known as a Full Length LP (Guttermouth album)"Where Was I", song by Sawyer Brown (BillyMaddox, Paul Thorn, Anne Graham) from Can You Hear Me Now 2002"Where Was I?", song  by  Kenny Wayne Shepherd from Live On  1999"Where Was I", song by Melanie Laine (Victoria Banks, Steve Fox) from TimeFlies (Melanie Laine album)"Where Was I", song by Rosie Thomas from With Love (Rosie Thomas album)


Passage 1:Stella's oorlogStella's oorlog (Dutch for Stella's war) is a 2009 Dutch drama film directed by Diederik van Rooijen.CastPassage 2:Don Juan in a Girls' SchoolDon Juan in a Girls' School (German: Don Juan inder Mädchenschule) is a 1928 German silent comedy film directed by and starring Reinhold Schünzel. It is based on Hans Stürm's play The Unfaithful Eckehart.The film's art direction was by Gustav A. Knauer and WillySchiller.Two later film versions were The Unfaithful Eckehart (1931) and The Unfaithful Eckehart (1940).CastIn alphabetical orderErnst Behmer as Studienrat MeiselAdolphe Engers as Fritz StürmerCarl Geppert asStudienrat SchädenElse Groß as Mädchen für alles bei Susanne BachMax Gülstorff as Oberstudienrat Arminius NiedlichJulius E. Herrmann as Sala ManderCarola HöhnValerie Jones as EvaMaria Kamradek as SusanneBachLydia Potechina as Frau TiedemannF. W. Schröder-SchromReinhold Schünzel as Dr. Eckehart BleibtreuLotte Stein as Perle im Hause BleibtreuJakob Tiedtke as Herr TiedemannRolf von Goth as Prinz OsramHilde vonStolz as TrudePassage 3:The Unfaithful Eckehart (1931 film)The Unfaithful Eckehart (German: Der ungetreue Eckehart) is a 1931 German comedy film directed by Carl Boese and starring Ralph Arthur Roberts, FritzSchulz and Paul Hörbiger. The film is based on the play of the same title by Hans Stürm. It was remade in 1940. A silent film was made by Reinhold Schünzel in 1928 under the title Don Juan in a Girls' School.SynopsisAman who is faithful to his wife is mistakenly blamed for the philandering antics of his brother-in-law.CastPassage 4:Diederik van RooijenDiederik van Rooijen (born 26 December 1975) is a Dutch television and filmdirector.CareerFilmVan Rooijen graduated in 2001 from the Netherlands Film Academy with his English-language film Chalk. Chalk was also one of the graduation films of cinematographer Lennert Hillege. Van Rooijenand Hillege worked together on many films in the years that followed, including Mass (2005), De bode (2005), Bollywood Hero (2009), Stella's oorlog (2009), Taped (2012) and Daylight (Daglicht) (2013).In 2002, hedirected the film A Funeral for Mr. Smithee which follows an unnamed girl (Priscilla Knetemann) burying a dead bird. His short film Babyphoned won the NPS Award for Best Short Film at the 2002 Netherlands FilmFestival.Van Rooijen made his feature film debut with his 2003 film Zulaika. The film is the first Antillean youth film spoken entirely in Papiamento.Van Rooijen won the UNESCO Award Prix Jeunesse for his film Genji(2006).His 2007 film Een trui voor kip Saar was made during the 2007 Netherlands Film Festival on request of the guest of honor Burny Bos who asked to adapt his 1986 children's book of the same name.Van Rooijenmoved to Los Angeles late 2014 to work on projects in the United States. Van Rooijen made his debut in Hollywood with the 2018 horror film The Possession of Hannah Grace.In 2019, the film Penoza: The Final Chapterconcluded the story of the television series Penoza that he also directed. The film became the best visited Dutch film of 2019.TelevisionHe directed the Dutch television series Penoza as well as episodes of the televisionseries Meiden van de Wit, Parels & zwijnen, Keyzer & De Boer Advocaten and Spoorloos verdwenen. The television series Penoza was adapted into the 2013 American drama series Red Widow by Melissa Rosenberg.Penoza was also adapted into the 2015 Swedish television series Gåsmamman.Van Rooijen also directed many commercials for the Dutch supermarket chain Albert Heijn featuring Harry Piekema playing the role of asupermarket manager. Van Rooijen also made commercials for other companies and brands, such as McDonald's, KPN, Ziggo and Unox. He won a Bronze Lion award at the Cannes Film Festival in 2006 for hisVolkswagen GTI commercial.In 2019, Van Rooijen worked on the television series Heirs of the Night based on the German book series Die Erben der Nacht written by Ulrike Schweikert. The first episode aired in October2019 and a second season aired in 2020.He also directed the 2023 crime television series Anoniem.FilmographyFilm2001: Chalk2002: A Funeral for Mr. Smithee2002: Babyphoned2003: Zulaika2005: Mass2005: Debode2006: Dummy2006: Genji2007: Een trui voor kip Saar2007: Het boze oog2009: Bollywood Hero2009: Stella's oorlog2012: Taped2013: Daylight (Daglicht)2018: The Possession of Hannah Grace2019: Penoza: TheFinal ChapterTelevision2003 – 2005: Meiden van de Wit2005 – 2008: Parels & zwijnen2005: Keyzer & De Boer Advocaten2006: Spoorloos verdwenen2008: Deadline2010 – 2015: Penoza2019 – 2020: Heirs of theNight2023: AnoniemNotesPassage 5:Reinhold SchünzelReinhold Schünzel (7 November 1888 – 11 November 1954) was a German actor and director, active in both Germany and the United States. The son of a Germanfather and a Jewish mother, he was born in St. Pauli, the poorest part of Hamburg. Despite being of Jewish ancestry, Schünzel was allowed by the Nazis to continue making films for several years until he eventually leftin 1937 to live abroad.Life in GermanyReinhold Schünzel (or Schuenzel) started his career as an actor in 1915 with a role in the film Werner Krafft. He directed his first film in 1918's Mary Magdalene and in 1920directed The Girl from Acker Street and Catherine the Great. He was one of Germany's best-known silent film stars after World War I, a period during which films were significantly influenced by the consequences of thewar. Schünzel performed in both comedies and dramas, often appearing as a villain or a powerful and corrupt man.He was influenced by filmmakers such as his mentor Richard Oswald and Ernst Lubitsch, for whom heworked as an actor in the film Madame Du Barry in 1919.Schünzel's work was very popular in Germany and the Nazi regime gave him the title of Ehrenarier or Honorary Aryan, allowing him to continue to direct and actdespite his Jewish heritage (his mother was Jewish). He found that the government, first under Kaiser Wilhelm II and later under Adolf Hitler, interfered with his film projects, compelling him to leave in 1937. Schuenzeldescribed both the Kaiser and Hitler "persons of recognized authority and the worst possible dramatic taste."Moving to the United States, he worked in Hollywood, playing Nazis and scientists. One of many exampleswas the film The Hitler Gang (1944), directed by John Farrow. Made in the style of a gangster film, it depicts the rise of Hitler from a small political adventurer to the dictator of Germany. Reinhold Schünzel played therole of General Erich Ludendorff.FamilySchünzel had a daughter Marianne Stewart, who was born in Berlin, Germany and followed her father by becoming an actress. She appeared in Broadway plays and was known forThe Facts of Life (1960), Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte (1964), and Time Table (1956).Schünzel in the United StatesSchünzel came to the United States in 1937, and began his American career in Hollywood atMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Among the films he directed were Rich Man, Poor Girl (1938), Ice Follies (1939), Balalaika (1939), and New Wine (1941). He also acted in films like The Hitler Gang (1944), Dragonwyck (1946),and The Vicious Circle (1948), among others. His most memorable performance was as Dr. Anderson, a Nazi conspirator, in the film Notorious released in 1946. Schünzel went to New York in 1945 to make a debut onBroadway. He acted in Temper the Wind in 1946 and Montserrat in 1949.Among the prizes he received was the Federal West German Film prize for the best supporting role in the movie My Father's Horses.He became aU.S citizen in 1943 and he returned to Germany in 1949. Schünzel died of a heart attack in Munich, Germany. Before returning to Germany, he starred in the 1949 Clifford Odets Broadway play The BigKnife.FilmographyGerman filmsAmerican filmsRich Man, Poor Girl (1938, director)The Ice Follies of 1939 (1939, director)Balalaika (1939, director)The Great Awakening (1941, director)Hangmen Also Die! (1943) asGestapo Insp. RitterFirst Comes Courage (1943) as Col. Kurt von ElserHostages (1943) as Kurt DaluegeThe Hitler Gang (1944) as Gen. LudendorffThe Man in Half Moon Street (1945) as Dr. Kurt vanBrueckenDragonwyck (1946) as Count De Grenier (uncredited)Notorious (1946) as Dr. AndersonPlainsman and the Lady (1946) as Michael H. ArnesenGolden Earrings (1947) as Prof. Otto KrosigkBerlin Express (1948)as WaltherThe Vicious Circle (1948) as Baron AradyWashington Story (1952) as Peter KralikWest German filmsThe Dubarry (1951, director)Meines Vaters Pferde I. Teil Lena und Nicoline (1954) as KonsulRittinghausMeines Vaters Pferde, 2. Teil: Seine dritte Frau (1954) as Konsul RittinghausA Love Story (1954) as Schlumberger, Schauspieldirektor (final film role)Passage 6:Don Juan (1969 film)Don Juan (Czech: DonŠajn) is a 1969 Czechoslovak short film by Jan Švankmajer, based on traditional Czech puppet plays of the Don Juan legend.PlotWithin an old dilapidated and seemingly automated theater, human-sized marionettesperform a production of the Don Juan legend without the aid of puppeteers or an audience.In the play, Don Juan's fiancée Maria is secretly seeing his brother Don Phillipe. Unbeknownst to the two lovers, Don Juan iswatching them from one of the balconies. Horrified by the thought of Maria leaving him for Philippe, he calls upon his Jester servant for help. So that he can pay for a wedding, Juan sends the Fool into town to ask formoney from the Mayor (Juan and Phillipe's father), under the false pretense that Juan needs the money to pay off medical bills. When Juan's father learns about his son's true intentions, he gives the Jester two coins sohe and Juan can buy some rope to hang themselves with. Outraged by this, Don Juan murders his own father backstage and heads over to the garden where Maria and Philippe were planning to meet.Maria arrivesshortly after, but is shocked to discover Don Juan there instead of her true love — Philippe. Demanding that she return his feelings or face the consequences, he chases after Maria but is stopped by her father, DonVespis, who now realizes Juan is unfit to marry his daughter and threatens to have him arrested. Don Juan dispatches of Maria's father by cutting his face off, and as he lay dying, he swears his ghost will haunt DonJuan to exact his revenge.Philippe soon discovers Maria mourning her dead father, and swears to avenge them both. He eventually finds Don Juan and the two engage in a duel which ends with Philippe's gory demise.The Jester then arrives to tell Juan that there is a spectral man who wants to speak with him in the cemetery. The man turns out to be the spirit of Maria's dead father, who warns Don Juan that his soul will be draggedto Hell at midnight.As in the traditional Czech puppet plays, Juan urges children not to commit evil deeds like him.Juan's physical body keels over dead into an open grave, while his spirit is lowered into a trapdoor.Instead of being dragged into Hell as the legend suggests, the lifeless puppet merely falls into a compartment beneath the stage. Upon discovering an inanimate Don Juan, The Jester asks how he is going to get paidwith his master dead.Passage 7:Don Juan in Hell (film)Don Juan in Hell (Spanish: Don Juan en los infiernos) is a 1991 Spanish drama film directed by Gonzalo Suárez. It was entered into the 17th Moscow InternationalFilm Festival.CastFernando Guillén as Don JuanMario Pardo as EsganarelCharo López as Doña ElviraHéctor Alterio as Padre de Don JuanAna Álvarez as Chiquilla IndiaManuel de Blas as BuhoneroIñaki Aierra as Rey FelipeII (as Ignacio Aierra)Olegar Fedoro as Marido Luis de MoorYelena Samarina as Dama ErmitaAyanta Barilli as DamaAlicia Sánchez as ProstitutaPassage 8:Henry Moore (cricketer)Henry Walter Moore (1849 – 20 August1916) was an English-born first-class cricketer who spent most of his life in New Zealand.Life and familyHenry Moore was born in Cranbrook, Kent, in 1849. He was the son of the Reverend Edward Moore and LadyHarriet Janet Sarah Montagu-Scott, who was one of the daughters of the 4th Duke of Buccleuch. One of his brothers, Arthur, became an admiral and was knighted. Their great grandfather was John Moore, Archbishop ofCanterbury from 1783 to 1805. One of their sisters was a maid of honour to Queen Victoria.Moore went to New Zealand in the 1870s and lived in Geraldine and Christchurch. He married Henrietta Lysaght of Hāwera inNovember 1879, and they had one son. In May 1884 she died a few days after giving birth to a daughter, who also died.In 1886 Moore became a Justice of the Peace in Geraldine. In 1897 he married Alice Fish ofGeraldine. They moved to England four years before his death in 1916.Cricket careerMoore was a right-handed middle-order batsman. In consecutive seasons, 1876–77 and 1877–78, playing for Canterbury, he madethe highest score in the short New Zealand first-class season: 76 and 75 respectively. His 76 came in his first match for Canterbury, against Otago. He went to the wicket early on the first day with the score at 7 for 2and put on 99 for the third wicket with Charles Corfe before he was out with the score at 106 for 3 after a "very fine exhibition of free hitting, combined with good defence". Canterbury were all out for 133, but went onto win the match. His 75 came in the next season's match against Otago, when he took the score from 22 for 2 to 136 for 6. The New Zealand cricket historian Tom Reese said, "Right from the beginning he smote thebowling hip and thigh, going out of his ground to indulge in some forceful driving." Canterbury won again.Moore led the batting averages in the Canterbury Cricket Association in 1877–78 with 379 runs at an average of34.4. Also in 1877–78, he was a member of the Canterbury team that inflicted the only defeat on the touring Australians. In 1896–97, at the age of 47, he top-scored in each innings for a South Canterbury XVIIIagainst the touring Queensland cricket team.Passage 9:Don Juan in SicilyDon Giovanni in Sicilia, internationally released as Don Juan in Sicily, is a 1967 Italian comedy-drama film directed by Alberto Lattuada. It isloosely based on the novel with the same title by Vitaliano Brancati.CastLando Buzzanca: Giovanni PercollaKatia Moguy: Ninetta MarconellaKatia Christine: FrançoiseEwa Aulin: WandaStefania Careddu: LandladyCarlettoSposito: ScannapiecoElio CrovettoPassage 10:Julie Dawall JakobsenJulie Dawall Jakobsen (born 25 March 1998) is a Danish badminton player. She won gold medals in the girls' doubles at the 2015 European JuniorChampionships and in the girls' singles event in 2017.AchievementsEuropean Junior ChampionshipsGirls' singlesGirls' doublesBWF International Challenge/Series (7 titles, 5 runners-up)Women's singlesWomen'sdoubles  BWF International Challenge tournament  BWF International Series tournament  BWF Future Series tournament