Passage 1:O Valencia!"O Valencia!" is the fifth single by the indie rock band The Decemberists, and the first released from their fourth studio album, The Crane Wife.The music was written by The Decemberists and thelyrics by Colin Meloy. It tells a story of two star-crossed lovers. The singer falls in love with a person who belongs to an opposing gang. At the end of the song, the singer's lover jumps in to defend the singer, who isconfronting his lover's brother (the singer's "sworn enemy") and is killed by the bullet intended for the singer.Track listingThe 7" single sold in the UK was mispressed, with "Culling of the Fold" as the B-side despite theartwork and record label listing "After the Bombs" as the B-side.Music videosFor the "O Valencia!" music video, The Decemberists filmed themselves in front of a green screen and asked fans to complete it by digitallyadding in background images or footage. Stephen Colbert of The Colbert Report, having recently asked fans to do the same with a video of him with a light saber in front of a green screen, brought up The Decemberistson his segment "Look Who's Riding on My Coattails Now" and accused the band of stealing the idea. The Decemberists' response was to challenge Stephen Colbert to a guitar solo showdown on December 20, 2006, onThe Colbert Report.On January 19, 2007, The Decemberists premiered an alternate music video of "O Valencia!", directed by Aaron Stewart-Ahn, on MTV2. The video follows a character named Patrick, played by Meloy,as he and his love Francesca (Lisa Molinaro), daughter of "the Boss", plan an escape to an unknown location. At a cafe, a man in a suit, portrayed by the band member Chris Funk, tells him to hide in the "Valencia" hotel(the Super Value Inn on North Interstate Avenue in Portland, Oregon) while he gets them the necessary documentation to escape. Above the name of the hotel, there is a neon sign that reads "Office". The letters haveall burnt out except for the "O", creating the title of the song. The video then introduces other characters - various assassination teams - who sit in different rooms of the hotel waiting for the chance to catch the twolovers. Most are portrayed by other members of the band (along with Meloy's wife, Carson Ellis). They kill off any potential witnesses to their plan. Patrick manages to take down one member from each team, beforethey gang up on him. The Boss arrives, along with the man from the cafe, who reveals that he snitched on Patrick and Francesca. They execute Francesca, while forcing Patrick to watch. After they leave, Patrick finds anote by Francesca, which reveals that she never fell in love with him, and only wanted protection. 2 months later, Patrick and the man, who has lost an eye from a previous assassination attempt, have a sit-down at thesame cafe. The man reveals that he snitched on Patrick just to take over the town. Patrick reveals that he poisoned a drink the man was having, but before he could get away, the man stabs Patrick in the neck with afork before dying, followed by Patrick.The video is somewhat influenced by the distinct style and themes of director Wes Anderson, with bold fonts being used to introduce characters and groups on the bottom of thescreen (much like in the film The Royal Tenenbaums). The band had previously (and more explicitly) drawn influence from Anderson's Rushmore in their video for "Sixteen Military Wives". The layout of the hotel is alsosimilar to the one used in Bottle Rocket.Kurt Nishimura was chosen as the winner by mtvU for his video that depicted a love affair between a woman and her television, with the TV containing the green-screenedDecemberists video footage.Passage 2:Mimi (song)"Mimi" is a popular song written by Richard Rodgers, with words by Lorenz Hart. It was featured in the movie Love Me Tonight (1932), in which it was first sung byMaurice Chevalier to Jeanette MacDonald, then later reprised by the entire company. Sergio Franchi performed this song January 2, 1964 on the ABC Television special, Victor Borge At Carnegie Hall. Sergio Franchi alsorecorded "Mimi" on his 1963 RCA Victor Red Seal album. Women In My Life.Passage 3:Caspar BabypantsCaspar Babypants is the stage name of children's music artist Chris Ballew, who is also the vocalist and bassist ofThe Presidents of the United States of America.HistoryBallew's first brush with children's music came in 2002, when he recorded and donated an album of traditional children's songs to the nonprofit Program for EarlyParent Support titled "PEPS Sing A Long!" Although that was a positive experience for him, he did not consider making music for families until he met his wife, collage artist Kate Endle. Her art inspired Ballew to considermaking music that "sounded like her art looked" as he has said. Ballew began writing original songs and digging up nursery rhymes and folk songs in the public domain to interpret and make his own. The first album,Here I Am!, was recorded during the summer of 2008 and released in February 2009.Ballew began to perform solo as Caspar Babypants in the Seattle area in January 2009. Fred Northup, a Seattle-based comedyimprovisor, heard the album and offered to play as his live percussionist.  Northrup also suggested his frequent collaborator Ron Hippe as a keyboard player. "Frederick Babyshirt" and "Ronald Babyshoes" were theCaspar Babypants live band from May 2009 to April 2012. Both Northup and Hippe appear on some of his recordings but since April 2012 Caspar Babypants has exclusively performed solo. The reasons for the changewere to include more improvisation in the show and to reduce the sound levels so that very young children and newborns could continue to attend without being overstimulated. Ballew has made two albums of Beatlescovers as Caspar Babypants. Baby Beatles! came out in September 2013 and Beatles Baby! came out in September 2015.Ballew runs the Aurora Elephant Music record label, books shows, produces, records, andmasters the albums himself. Distribution for the albums is handled by Burnside Distribution in Portland, Oregon.Caspar Babypants has released a total of 17 albums. The 17th album, BUG OUT!, was released on May 1,2020. His album FLYING HIGH! was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Children's Album. All 17 of the albums feature cover art by Ballew's wife, Kate Endle."FUN FAVORITES!" and "HAPPY HITS!" are twovinyl-only collections of hit songs that Caspar Babypants has released in the last couple of years.DiscographyAlbumsPEPS (2002)Here I Am! (Released 03/17/09) Special guests: Jen Wood, Fysah ThomasMore Please!(Released 12/15/09) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron HippeThis Is Fun! (Released 11/02/10)  Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, Krist Novoselic, Charlie HopeSing Along! (Released 08/16/11) Special guests:Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, "Weird Al" Yankovic, Stone Gossard, Frances England, Rachel LoshakHot Dog! (Released 04/17/12) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, Rachel Flotard (Visqueen)I Found You! (Released12/18/12) Special guests: Steve Turner (Mudhoney), Rachel Flotard (Visqueen), John RichardsBaby Beatles! (Released 09/15/13)Rise And Shine! (Released 09/16/14)Night Night! (Released 03/17/15)Beatles Baby!(Released 09/18/2015)Away We Go! (Released 08/12/2016)Winter Party! (Released 11/18/16)Jump For Joy! (Released 08/18/17)Sleep Tight! (Released 01/19/18)Keep It Real! (Released 08/17/18)Best Beatles!(Released 03/29/19)Flying High! (Released 08/16/19)Bug Out! (released 05/1/20)Happy Heart! (Released 11/13/20)Easy Breezy! (Released 11/05/21)AppearancesMany Hands: Family Music for Haiti CD (released2010) – Compilation of various artistsSongs Stories And Friends: Let's Go Play – Charlie Hope (released 2011) – vocals on AlouetteShake It Up, Shake It Off (released 2012) – Compilation of various artistsKeep HopingMachine Running – Songs Of Woody Guthrie (released 2012) – Compilation of various artistsApple Apple – The Harmonica Pocket (released 2013) – vocals on Monkey LoveSimpatico – Rennee and Friends (released2015) – writer and vocals on I Am Not AfraidSundrops – The Harmonica Pocket (released 2015) – vocals on Digga Dog KidPassage 4:Dáithí SprouleDáithí Sproule (born 23 May 1950) is a guitarist and singer oftraditional Irish music. He is the grandson of Frank Carney and uncle of singer Claire Sproule.BiographyBorn and raised in Derry, Northern Ireland, at the age of 18 he moved to Dublin in Ireland, where he attendeduniversity. Growing up, he listened to Bob Dylan, Bert Jansch, the Beatles, British folk songs and traditional Irish music. It was in Dublin that he entered the music scene which was prominent in Ireland at the time. As ateenager he had met the Ó Domhnaill family during trips to the Gaeltacht area of Rann na Feirste in Co. Donegal, and while in Dublin they formed a band, Skara Brae who would go on to have a great effect on Irishtraditional music.Dáithí is well known as a guitarist and was one of the first guitarists to use the DADGAD guitar tuning for Irish music after the originator Davy Graham. In 1992 he joined Irish supergroup Altan withwhom he sings and plays guitar. Of his use of DADGAD tuning, Sproule says, it "just seemed to instantly gel with Irish music. The nature of the tuning meant that you didn't really produce anything that was terribly,drastically, offensively wrong to people. I was always a singer, but when I started playing with instrumentalists in sessions and pubs, I was able to develop a style by just playing along with them quietly and tactfully."He was deemed "a seminal figure in Irish music" by The Rough Guide to Irish Music.Sproule is also a member of various other bands and has recorded further solo albums; he also teaches DADGAD guitar and traditionalsongs at the Center for Irish Music in St. Paul, Minnesota.DiscographySolo albumsThe Crow in the Sun (2007)Lost River, Vol. 1 (New Folk, 2011)A Heart Made of Glass (1995)with AltanOther bandsBright and Early (withPaddy O'Brien and Nathan Gourley - 2015 - New Folk Records)From Uig to Duluth (with Laura MacKenzie and Andrea Stern - 2014)The Pinery (with Laura MacKenzie – 2009 – New Folk Records)Seanchairde (with TaraBingham and Dermy Diamond – 2008 – New Folk Records)Fingal (with Randal Bays and James Keane – 2008 – New Folk Records)Snug in the Blanket (with Jamie Gans and Paddy O'Brien – 2004)Overland (with RandalBays – 2004)Trian II (with Liz Carroll and Billy McComiskey – 1995)A Thousand Farewells (with Martin and Christine Dowling – 1995)Trian (with Liz Carroll and Billy McComiskey – 1992)Stranger at the Gate (with PaddyO'Brien – 1988)The Iron Man (with Tommy Peoples – 1984)Carousel (with Seamus and Manus McGuire – 1984)Spring in the Air (with James Kelly and Paddy O'Brien – 1981)Is it Yourself?  (with James Kelly and PaddyO'Brien – 1979)Skara Brae (Skara Brae – 1971)Guest appearancesFour & Eight String Favorites (Bone Tone Records) 2021 - Eric Mohring & FriendsMerrijig Creek - Fintan VallelySpinning Yarns (Two Tap Records) 2015- Norah RendellHeigh Ho, The Green Holly (New Folk Records) 2015 - Laura MacKenzieMinnesota Lumberjack Songs (Two Tap Records) 2011 - Brian MillerSide by Side (Dawros Music) 2010 - Liz and Yvonne Kane40Acre Notch (New Folk Records) 2008 – the HiBsThe Essential Chieftains (RCA) 2006 – The ChieftainsBlue Waltz 2004 – Julee GlaubEvidence (New Folk Records) 2003 – Laura MacKenzieOver the Water (HeartProductions) 2002 – Ross SutterLittle Sparrow (Sugarhill) 2001 – Dolly PartonLost in the Loop (Green Linnet) 2001 – Liz CarrollShine (Swallowtail) 2001 – Katie McMahonPersevere 2000 – The ProclaimersWater fromthe Well (RCA) 2000 – The ChieftainsTis the Season (Compass) 1997  – Laura MacKenzieIrish Women Musicians of America (Shanachie) 1995 – Cherish the LadiesHeartsongs (Sony) 1994 – Dolly PartonMamma, Willyou Buy Me a Banana? (Heart Productions) 1991 – Ross SutterBlue Mesa (Red House) 1989 – Peter OstroushkoLiz Carroll (Green Linnet) 1988 – with Liz CarrollSean O'Driscoll (Shanachie/Meadowlark) 1987 – SeanO'DriscollCapel Street (Capelhouse) 1986 – James KellyThe Streets of My Old Neighborhood (Rounder) 1983 – Peter OstroushkoSluz Duz Music (Rounder) 1982 – Peter OstroushkoCompilationsA Harvest Home: Centerfor Irish Music Live Recordings, Vol. 5 2013Strings Across the North Shore 2009Young Irish Musicians Weekend Live!  2008 – with James Kelly and Paddy O'BrienNew Folk Records Sampler 2007 (New Folk Records)2007Masters of the Irish Guitar (Shanachie) 2006The Independence Suite (Celtic Crossings) 2005 – with Randal BaysSimply Folk Sampler 3 (Wisconsin Public Radio) 2005Festival International des Arts Traditionnels deQuébec (Folklore) 2004 – with TrianThe Ice Palace – Irish Originals from Minnesota (IMDA) 2001The Last Bar – Irish Music from Minnesota (IMDA) 2000Alternate Tunings Guitar Collection (String Letter) 2000 – withTrianAs They Pass Through (Kieran's) 2000Best of Thistle and Shamrock, Vol. 1 (Hearts of Space) 1999 – with AltanCeltic Colours International Festival – the Second Wave (Stephen McDonald) 1999 – with AltanAWinter's Tale (Universal) 1998 – with AltanGaelic Roots (Kells) 1997 – with James Kelly, Paddy O'Brien and Gerry O'ConnorCeltic Music from Mountain Stage (Blue Plate) 1997 – with AltanHunger No More (Éire Arts)1997Passage 5:Bernie BonvoisinBernard Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: [bna b̃vwaz̃]), known as Bernie Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: [bni b̃vwaz̃], born 9 July 1956 in Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine),is a French hard rock singer and film director. He is best known for having been the singer of Trust.He was one of the best friends of Bon Scott the singer of AC/DC and together they recorded the song "Ride On" whichwas one of the last songs by Bon Scott.External linksBernie Bonvoisin at IMDbPassage 6:Astrid NorthAstrid North (Astrid Karina North Radmann; 24 August 1973, West Berlin – 25 June 2019, Berlin) was a German soulsinger and songwriter. She was the singer of the German band Cultured Pearls, with whom she released five Albums. As guest singer of the band Soulounge she published three albums.CareerNorth had her firstexperiences as a singer with her student band Colorful Dimension in Berlin. In March 1992 she met B. La (Bela Braukmann) and Tex Super (Peter Hinderthür) who then studied at the Hochschule für Musik und TheaterHamburg and who were looking for a singer for their band Cultured Pearls. The trio entered the German charts with four singles and four albums.In 1994 North sang for the dance-pop band Big Light on their hit singleTrouble Is. In 1996 she was a guest on the side project Little Red Riding Hood by Fury in the Slaughterhouse brothers Kai and Thorsten Wingenfelder which resulted in the release of the single Life's Too Short from theeponymous album.The song Sleepy Eyes, texted and sung by North, appears in the soundtrack of the movie Tor zum Himmel (2003) by director Veit Helmer. In 2003 she appeared at the festival Das Fest in Karlsruheand sang alongside her own songs a cover version of the Aerosmith hit Walk This Way together with the German singer Sasha. North also toured with the American singer Gabriel Gordon.After the end of her bandCultured Pearls in 2003 North moved 2004 to New York City to write new songs, work with a number of different musicians and to experiment with her music.In 2005 she joined the charity project Home, whichproduced an album for the benefit of the orphans from the Beluga School for Life in Thailand which have been affected by the Indian Ocean earthquake in 2004 and the subsequent tsunami. Beside the orphansthemselves also the following artists have been involved, guitarist Henning Rümenapp (Guano Apes), Kai Wingenfelder (Fury in the Slaughterhouse), Maya Saban and others. With Bobby Hebb Astrid North recorded anew version of his classic hit Sunny. It was the first time Hebb sung this song as duett and it appeared on his last album That's All I Wanna Know.North sang in 2006 My Ride, Spring Is Near and No One Can Tell on thealbum The Ride by Basic Jazz Lounge, a project by jazz trumpeter Joo Kraus. In addition, she worked as a workshop lecturer of the Popkurs at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg.In spring 2010 Northperformed as the opening act of the Fakebling-Tour of Miss Platnum. The magazine Der Spiegel described her as one of the "leading ladies of the local soul scene". On 20 July 2012 her solo debut album North wasreleased.On 16 September 2016 Astrid North released her second solo album, Precious Ruby, dedicated to her grandmother Precious Ruby North. North used crowdfunding to finance the album. The first single publishedfrom this album was the song Miss Lucy. In 2016 she also started her concert series North-Lichter in Berlin's Bar jeder Vernunft to which she invited singers such as Katharina Franck, Elke Brauweiler, Lizzy Scharnofske,Mia Diekow, Lisa Bassenge or Iris Romen.LifeAstrid North was born in West Berlin, West Germany to Sondria North and Wolf-Dieter Radmann. She commuted between her birth city and her family in Houston, Texasuntil she was nine years old. In the USA she lived mainly with her grandparents and her time there significantly shaped her musical development.Besides her music career Astrid North worked also as lecturer inHamburg at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater and as yoga teacher. North was the mother of two children, her daughter was born in 2001 and her son in 2006. Her sister Ondria North works as make-up artist andhair stylist in the German film industry.She died in June 2019 at the age of 45 years from pancreatic cancer.Discographywith Cultured PearlsAlbums1996: Sing Dela Sing (German chart position 92, 3 weeks)1997:Space Age Honeymoon (German chart position 54, 6 weeks)1999: Liquefied Days (German chart position 19, 9 weeks)2002: Life on a Tuesday (German chart position 74, 1 week)Singles1996: Tic Toc (1996) (Germanchart position 65, 10 weeks)1997: Sugar Sugar Honey (German chart position 72, 9 weeks)1998: Silverball (German chart position 99, 2 weeks)1999: Kissing the Sheets (German chart position 87, 9 weeks)withSoulounge2003: The Essence of the Live Event – Volume One2004: Home2006: Say It AllSolo2005: Sunny (Single, Bobby Hebb feat. Astrid North)2012: North (Album, 20. Juli 2012)2013: North Live (Album, liverecordings from different venues in Germany)2016: Sunny (Compilation, Bobby Hebb feat. Astrid North)2016: Precious Ruby (Album, 16. September 2016)as guest singer1994: Trouble Is – Big Light (Single)1996:Life's Too Short – Little Red Riding Hood (Single)2006: Basic Jazz Lounge: The Ride – Joo Kraus (Album)Passage 7:Panda (Astro song)Astro is the first album of long duration (after the EP Le disc of Astrou) of Chileanindie band Astro, released in 2011. The first single from the album was "Ciervos" and followed "Colombo", "Panda" and "Manglares".This album was chosen by National Public Radio among the 50 discs of 2012.TracklistingAll tracks written by Andrés Nusser, except where noted.Ciervos (Deer)Coco (Coconut)ColomboDruida de las nubes (Druid of the clouds)PandaMiu-MiuManglares (Mangroves)Mira, está nevando en las pirámides(Look, it's snowing in the pyramids)Volteretas (Tumbles)PepaNueces de Bangladesh (Nuts of Bangladesh)Miu-Miu reaparece (Miu-Miu reappears)PersonnelAstroAndrés Nusser – vocals, guitarOctavio Caviares –drumsLego Moustache – keyboards, percussionZeta Moustache – keyboards, bassProductionAndrés Nusser – producer, recording and mixingChalo González – mixing and masteringCristóbal Carvajal – recordingIgnacioSoto – recordingPassage 8:Billy MilanoBilly Milano (born June 3, 1964) is an American heavy metal and hardcore punk musician. He is the singer and occasionally guitarist and bassist of crossover thrash band M.O.D.,and was the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death. Prior to these bands, Milano played in early New York hardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the career of future Agnostic Front vocalist RogerMiret. Milano was also the singer of United Forces, which included his Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Dan Lilker. Milano managed a number of bands, including Agnostic Front, for whom he also co-produced the 1997Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give and roadie for Anthrax.DiscographyStormtroopers of Death albumsStormtroopers of Death videosMethod of Destruction (M.O.D.)MasteryPassage 9:MauriceChevalierMaurice Auguste Chevalier (French: [mois valje]; 12 September 1888 – 1 January 1972) was a French singer, actor and entertainer. He is perhaps best known for his signature songs, including "Livin' InThe Sunlight", "Valentine", "Louise", "Mimi", and "Thank Heaven for Little Girls" and for his films, including The Love Parade, The Big Pond, The Smiling Lieutenant, One Hour with You and Love Me Tonight. His


Passage 1:Lyon CohenLyon Cohen (born Yehuda Leib Cohen; May 11, 1868 – August 17, 1937) was a Polish-born Canadian businessman and a philanthropist. He was the grandfather of singer/poet Leonard Cohen.BiographyCohen was born in Congress Poland, part of the Russian Empire, to a Jewish family on May 11, 1868. He immigrated to Canada with his parents in 1871. He was educated at the McGill Model School and the Catholic Commercial Academy in Montreal. In 1888, he entered the firm of Lee & Cohen in Montreal; later became partner with his father in the firm of L. Cohen & Son; in 1895, he established W. R. Cuthbert & Co; in 1900, he organized the Canadian Improvement Co., a dredging contractor; in 1906, he founded The Freedman Co. in Montreal; and in May 1919, he organized and became President of Canadian Export Clothiers, Ltd.   The Freedman Company went on to become one of Montreal’s largest clothing companies.In 1897, Cohen and Samuel William Jacobs founded the Canadian Jewish Times, the first English-language Jewish newspaper in Canada. The newspaper promoted the Canadianization of recent East European Jewish immigrants and encouraged their acceptance of Canadian customs as Cohen felt that the old world customs of immigrant Jews were one of the main causes of anti-Semitism. In 1914, the paper was purchased by Hirsch Wolofsky, owner of the Yiddish-language Keneder Adler, who transformed it into the Canadian Jewish Chronicle.He died on August 17, 1937, at the age of 69.PhilanthropyCohen was elected the first president of the Canadian Jewish Congress in 1919 and organized the Jewish Immigrant Aid Services of Canada. Cohen was also a leader of the Young Men’s Hebrew Benevolent Society (later the Baron de Hirsch Institute) and the United Talmud Torahs, a Jewish day school in Montreal. He also served as president of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim and president of the Jewish Colonization Association in Canada.Personal lifeCohen married Rachel Friedman of Montreal on February 17, 1891. She was the founder and President of Jewish Endeavour Sewing School. They had three sons and one daughter:Nathan Bernard Cohen, who served as a lieutenant in the World War; he married Lithuanian Jewish immigrant Masha Klonitsky and they had one daughter and one son:Esther Cohen andsinger/poet Leonard Cohen.Horace Rives Cohen, who was a captain and quartermaster of his battalion in World War I;Lawrence Zebulun Cohen, student at McGill University, andSylvia Lillian Cohen.Passage 2:Trịnh CươngTrịnh Cương (Hán tự: ; 9 July 1686 – 20 December 1729) was the lord who ruled Tonkin from 1709 to 1729 (his title as ruler was An Đô Vương). Trịnh Cương was born to Trịnh Bính, a grandson of the former lord Trịnh Căn. He belonged to the line of Trịnh lords who had ruled parts of Vietnam since 1545. Like his great-grandfather and predecessor, Trịnh Căn, his reign was mostly devoted to administrative reforms.BiographyTrịnh Cương ruled Việt Nam during a time of external peace but growing internal strife. He enacted many governmental reforms in both financial matters and judicial rules. His main concern was the growing problem of landless peasants. Unlike the Nguyễn lords who were constantly expanding their territory south, the Trịnh lords had little room for expansion. Hence, the land supply was essentially fixed but the population kept growing.Trịnh Cương tried various legislative means to solve the problem. He tried to limit private land holdings. He tried to redistribute the communal fields of the small villages. Nothing really worked and the problem became very serious over the succeeding decades. According to historian R. H. Bruce Lockhart, the governmental reforms enacted by Trịnh Cương and his great-grandfather, Trịnh Căn, made the government more effective but, they also made the government more of a burden to the people. This had the effect of increasing the hatred felt by the people towards the Trịnh rulers in Hanoi.Trịnh Cương passed an edict forbidding people to practice Christianity in 1712. Like previous efforts to suppress Christianity, this had little real effect in Vietnam. However, he tried to offer the people an alternative, and he had many Buddhist pagodas constructed during his rule.As far as the Lê dynasty was concerned, the emperor, Lê Dụ Tông, ruled throughout Trịnh Cương's lifetime. The two men died within a few months of each other in 1729.SourcesEncyclopedia of Asian History, Volume 4. 1988. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.Annam and its Minor Currency Chapter 16 (downloaded May 2006)See alsoTrịnh lordsLê dynastyPassage 3:Kaya AlpKaya Alp (Ottoman Turkish:  , lit. 'Brave Rock') was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kızıl Buğa or Basuk and the father of Suleyman Shah. He was the grandfather of Ertuğrul Ghazi, the father of the founder of the Ottoman Empire, Osman I. He was also famously known for being the successing name of Ertokus Bey’s son Kaya Alp. He was a descendant of the ancestor of his tribe, Kayı son of Gun son of Oghuz Khagan, the legendary progenitor of the Oghuz Turks.Passage 4:Nguyễn Thị Ngọc DiễmNguyễn Thị Ngọc Diễm (Hán tự: , 1721–1784), posthumous name Từ Trạch (), was a consort of lord Trịnh Doanh.BiographyLady Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Diễm was born in 1721 at Linh Đường village, Linh Đàm commune, Thanh Trì district, Southern of Phụng Thiên prefect. She was commended to Trịnh clan's palace by her father who was Duke Nguyễn Văn Luân ( , 1686–1739). She became a concubine of prince Trịnh Doanh and was granted the title Hoa Dung ().Passage 5:Zhao ShoushanZhao Shoushan (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhào Shòushān; 12 November 1894 – 20 June 1965) was a KMT general and later Chinese Communist Party politician. He is the grandfather of Zhao Leji.CareerZhao Shoushan was born in Hu County, Shaanxi in 1894. After the foundation of the People's Republic of China, Zhao was the CCP Chairman of Qinghai and Governor of Shaanxi.External links(in Chinese) Biography of Zhao Shoushan, Shaanxi Daily July 9, 2006.Passage 6:Trịnh DoanhTrịnh Doanh (4 December 1720 – 15 February 1767) ruled northern Vietnam (Tonkin) from 1740 to 1767 (he ruled with the title Minh Đô Vương). Trịnh Doanh was the third son of Trịnh Cương, and belonged to the line of Trịnh lords who ruled northern Vietnam. His rule was spent putting down rebellions against Trịnh rule.Trịnh Doanh took over from his brother, Trịnh Giang, who, through financial mismanagement and bad behavior, provoked a wave of revolts against his rule. This was a time of increasing peasant revolts in both the north and the south under the Nguyễn lords. In the north, some of the revolts were apparently led by members of the royal Lê family. The rebellions which broke out in Tonkin during this period, were almost without number. Princes belonging to the royal family, generals, civil mandarins, common people, and out-casts from the hills, all rose in the provinces against the tyranny of the Trịnh, as well as for their personal interests. Chapter 16 (continued) Despite the many revolts, Trịnh Doanh defeated them all and passed the rule of Vietnam to his son, Trịnh Sâm.As far as the Lê dynasty was concerned, there was just one emperor, Lê Hien Tông (1740–1786), who occupied the royal throne in Hanoi.See alsoLê dynastySourcesEncyclopedia of Asian History, Volumes 4. 1988. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.Annam and its Minor Currency Chapter 16 (downloaded May 2006)Passage 7:Henry KrauseHenry J. "Red" Krause, Jr. (August 28, 1913 – February 20, 1987) was an American football offensive lineman in the National Football League for the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Washington Redskins.  He played college football at St. Louis University.Passage 8:Abd al-MuttalibShayba ibn Hāshim (Arabic:   ; c. 497–578), better known as Abd al-Mualib, (Arabic:  , lit. 'Servant of Muttalib') was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation. He was the grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.Early lifeHis father was Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf,: 81 the progenitor of the distinguished Banu Hashim, a clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca. They claimed descent from Ismā'īl and Ibrāhīm. His mother was Salma bint Amr, from the Banu Najjar, a clan of the Khazraj tribe in Yathrib (later called Madinah). Hashim died while doing business in Gaza, before Abd al-Muttalib was born.: 81 His real name was "Shaiba" meaning 'the ancient one' or 'white-haired' because of the streak of white through his jet-black hair, and is sometimes also called Shaybah al-amd ("The white streak of praise").: 81–82 After his father's death he was raised in Yathrib with his mother and her family until about the age of eight, when his uncle Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf went to see him and asked his mother Salmah to entrust Shaybah to his care. Salmah was unwilling to let her son go and Shaiba refused to leave his mother without her consent. Mualib then pointed out that the possibilities Yathrib had to offer were incomparable to Mecca. Salmah was impressed with his arguments, so she agreed to let him go. Upon first arriving in Mecca, the people assumed the unknown child was Muttalib's servant and started calling him 'Abd al-Muttalib ("servant of Muttalib").: 85–86Chieftain of Hashim clanWhen Mualib died, Shaiba succeeded him as the chief of the Hāshim clan. Following his uncle Al-Mualib, he took over the duties of providing the pilgrims with food and water, and carried on the practices of his forefathers with his people. He attained such eminence as none of his forefathers enjoyed; his people loved him and his reputation was great among them.: 61 'Umar ibn Al-Khaāb's grandfather Nufayl ibn Abdul Uzza arbitrated in a dispute between 'Abdul-Mualib and arb ibn Umayyah, Abu Sufyan's father, over the custodianship of the Kaaba. Nufayl gave his verdict in favour of 'Abdul-Mualib. Addressing arb ibn Umayyah, he said:Why do you pick a quarrel with a person who is taller than you in stature; more imposing than you in appearance; more refined than you in intellect; whose progeny outnumbers yours and whose generosity outshines yours in lustre? Do not, however, construe this into any disparagement of your good qualities which I highly appreciate. You are as gentle as a lamb, you are renowned throughout Arabia for the stentorian tones of your voice, and you are an asset to your tribe.Discovery of Zam Zam Well'Abdul-Mualib said that while sleeping in the sacred enclosure, he had dreamed he was ordered to dig at the worship place of the Quraysh between the two deities Isāf and Nā'ila. There he would find the Zamzam Well, which the Jurhum tribe had filled in when they left Mecca. The Quraysh tried to stop him digging in that spot, but his son Al-ārith stood guard until they gave up their protests. After three days of digging, 'Abdul-Mualib found traces of an ancient religious well and exclaimed, " Allahuakbar!" Some of the Quraysh disputed his claim to sole rights over water, then one of them suggested that they go to a female shaman who lived afar. It was said that she could summon jinns and that she could help them decide who was the owner of the well. So, 11 people from the 11 tribes went on the expedition. They had to cross the desert to meet the priestess but then they got lost. There was a lack of food and water and people started to lose hope of ever getting out. One of them suggested that they dig their own graves and if they died, the last person standing would bury the others. So all began digging their own graves and just as Abdul-Mualib started digging, water spewed out from the hole he dug and everyone became overjoyed. It was then and there decided that Abdul-Muttalib was the owner of the Zam Zam well. Thereafter he supplied pilgrims to the Kaaba with Zam Zam water, which soon eclipsed all the other wells in Mecca because it was considered sacred.: 86–89 : 62–65The Year of the ElephantAccording to Muslim tradition, the Ethiopian governor of Yemen, Abrahah al-Ashram, envied the Kaaba's reverence among the Arabs and, being a Christian, he built a cathedral on Sana'a and ordered pilgrimage be made there.: 21 The order was ignored and someone desecrated (some saying in the form of defecation: 696 note 35 ) the cathedral. Abrahah decided to avenge this act by demolishing the Kaaba and he advanced with an army towards Mecca.: 22–23 There were thirteen elephants in Abrahah's army: 99 : 26 and the year came to be known as 'Ām al-Fīl (the Year of the Elephant), beginning a trend for reckoning the years in Arabia which was used until 'Umar ibn Al-Khaāb replaced it with the Islamic Calendar in 638 CE (17 AH), with the first year of the Islamic Calendar being 622 CE.When news of the advance of Abrahah's army came, the Arab tribes of Quraysh, Kinānah, Khuzā'ah and Hudhayl united in defence of the Kaaba. A man from the imyar tribe was sent by Abrahah to advise them that he only wished to demolish the Kaaba and if they resisted, they would be crushed. " Abdul-Mualib told the Meccans to seek refuge in the nearest high hills while he, with some leading members of Quraysh, remained within the precincts of the Kaaba. Abrahah sent a dispatch inviting 'Abdul-Mualib to meet him and discuss matters. When 'Abdul-Mualib left the meeting he was heard saying, "The Owner of this House is its Defender, and I am sure He will save it from the attack of the adversaries and will not dishonour the servants of His House.": 24–26 It is recorded that when Abrahah's forces neared the Kaaba, Allah commanded small birds (abābīl) to destroy Abrahah's army, raining down pebbles on it from their beaks. Abrahah was seriously wounded and retreated towards Yemen but died on the way.: 26–27 This event is referred to in the following Qur'anic chapter:Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the owners of the Elephant?Did He not make their treacherous plan go astray?And He sent against them birds in flocks, striking them with stones of baked clay, so He rendered them like straw eaten up.Most Islamic sources place the event around the year that Muhammad was born, 570 CE, though other scholars place it one or two decades earlier. A tradition attributed to Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri in the musannaf of Abd al-Razzaq al-Sanani places it before the birth of Muhammad's father.Sacrificing his son AbdullahAl-Harith was 'Abdul-Mualib's only son at the time he dug the Zamzam Well.: 64 When the Quraysh tried to help him in the digging, he vowed that if he were to have ten sons to protect him, he would sacrifice one of them to Allah at the Kaaba. Later, after nine more sons had been born to him, he told them he must keep the vow. The divination arrows fell upon his favourite son Abdullah. The Quraysh protested 'Abdul-Mualib's intention to sacrifice his son and demanded that he sacrifice something else instead. 'Abdul-Mualib agreed to consult a "sorceress with a familiar spirit". She told him to cast lots between Abdullah and ten camels. If Abdullah were chosen, he had to add ten more camels, and keep on doing the same until his Lord accepted the camels in Abdullah's place. When the number of camels reached 100, the lot fell on the camels. 'Abdul-Mualib confirmed this by repeating the test three times. Then the camels were sacrificed, and Abdullah was spared.: 66–68FamilyWivesAbd al-Muttalib had six known wives.Sumra bint Jundab of the Hawazin tribe.Lubnā bint Hājar of the Khuza'a tribe.Fatima bint Amr of the Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe.Halah bint Wuhayb of the Zuhrah clan of the Quraysh tribe.Natīla bint Janab of the Namir tribe.Mumanna'a bint Amr of the Khuza'a tribe.ChildrenAccording to Ibn Hisham, Abd al-Mualib had ten sons and six daughters.: 707–708 note 97 However, Ibn Sa'd lists twelve sons.: 99–101 By Sumra bint Jundab:Al-ārith.: 708 He was the firstborn and he died before his father.: 99 Quthum.: 100 He is not listed by Ibn Hisham.By Fatima bint Amr:Al-Zubayr.: 707 He was a poet and a chief; his father made a will in his favour.: 99 He died before Islam, leaving two sons and daughters.: 101 : 34–35 Abu Talib, born as Abd Manaf,: 99 : 707 father of the future Caliph Ali. He later became chief of the Hashim clan.Abdullah, the father of Muhammad.: 99 : 707 Umm Hakim al-Bayda,: 100 : 707 the maternal grandmother of the third Caliph Uthman.: 32 Barra,: 100 : 707 the mother of Abu Salama.: 33 Arwa.: 100 : 707 Atika,: 100 : 707 a wife of Abu Umayya ibn al-Mughira.: 31 Umayma,: 100 : 707 the mother of Zaynab bint Jahsh and Abd Allah ibn Jahsh.: 33 By Lubnā bint Hājar:Abd al-'Uzzā, better known as Abū Lahab.: 100 : 708 By Halah bint Wuhayb:amza,: 707 the first big leader of Islam. He killed many leaders of the kufar and was considered as the strongest man of the quraysh. He was martyred at Uhud.: 100 afīyya.: 100 : 707 Al-Muqawwim.: 707 He married Qilaba bint Amr ibn Ju'ana ibn Sa'd al-Sahmia, and had children named Abd Allah, Bakr, Hind, Arwa, and Umm Amr (Qutayla or Amra).Hajl.: 707 He married Umm Murra bint Abi Qays ibn Abd Wud, and had two sons, named Abd Allah, Ubayd Allah, and three daughters named Murra, Rabi'a, and Fakhita.By Natīlah bint Khubāb:al-'Abbas,: 100 : 707 ancestor of the Abbasid caliphs.irār,: 707 who died before Islam.: 100 Jahl, died before IslamImran, died before IslamBy Mumanna'a bint 'Amr:Mus'ab, who, according to Ibn Saad, was the one known as al-Ghaydāq.: 100 He is not listed by Ibn Hisham.Al-Ghaydaq, died before Islam.Abd al-Ka'ba, died before Islam.: 100 Al-Mughira,: 100 who had the byname al-Ghaydaq.The family tree and some of his important descendantsDeathAbdul Muttalib's son 'Abdullāh died four months before Muammad's birth, after which Abdul Muttalib took care of his daughter-in-law Āminah. One day Muhammad's mother, Amina, wanted to go to Yathrib, where her husband, Abdullah, died. So, Muhammad, Amina, Abd al-Muttalib and their caretaker, Umm Ayman started their journey to Medina, which is around 500 kilometres away from Makkah. They stayed there for three weeks, then, started their journey back to Mecca. But, when they reached halfway, at Al-Abwa', Amina became very sick and died six years after her husband's death. She was buried over there. From then, Muhammad became an orphan. Abd al-Muttalib became very sad for Muhammad because he loved him so much. Abd al-Muttalib took care of Muhammad. But when Muhammad was eight years old, the very old Abd al-Muttalib became very sick and died at age 81-82 in 578-579 CE.Shaybah ibn Hāshim's grave can be found in the Jannat al-Mu'allā cemetery in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.See alsoFamily tree of MuhammadFamily tree of Shaiba ibn HashimSahabaPassage 9:Fred Le DeuxFrederick David Le Deux (born 4 December 1934) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He is the grandfather of Tom Hawkins.Early lifeLe Deux grew up in Nagambie and attended Assumption College, after which he went to Bendigo to study teaching.FootballWhile a student at Bendigo Teachers' Training College, Le Deux played for the Sandhurst Football Club. He then moved to Ocean Grove to take up a teaching position and in 1956 joined Geelong.A follower and defender, Le Deux made 18 appearances for Geelong over three seasons, from 1956 to 1958 He was troubled by a back injury in 1958, which kept him out of the entire 1959 VFL season.In 1960 he joined Victorian Football Association club Mordialloc, as he had transferred to a local technical school.FamilyLe Deux's daughter Jennifer was married to former Geelong player Jack Hawkins. Jennifer died in 2015. Their son, Tom Hawkins, currently plays for Geelong.Passage 10:John WestleyRev. John Wesley (1636–78) was an English nonconformist minister. He was the grandfather of John Wesley (founder of Methodism).LifeJohn Wesly (his own spelling), Westley, or Wesley was probably born at Bridport, Dorset, although some authorities claim he was born in Devon, the son of the Rev. Bartholomew Westley and Ann Colley, daughter of Sir Henry Colley of Carbery Castle in County Kildare, Ireland. He was educated at Dorchester Grammar School and as a student of New Inn Hall, Oxford, where he matriculated on 23 April 1651, and graduated B.A. on 23 January 1655, and M.A. on 4 July 1657. After his appointment as an evangelist, he preached at Melcombe Regis, Radipole, and other areas in Dorset. Never episcopally ordained, he was approved by Oliver Cromwell's Commission of Triers in 1658 and appointed Vicar of Winterborne Whitechurch.The report of his interview in 1661 with Gilbert Ironside the elder, his diocesan, according to Alexander Gordon writing in the Dictionary of National Biography, shows him to have been an Independent. He was imprisoned for not using the Book of Common Prayer, imprisoned again and ejected in


Passage 1:La PuntaLa Punta, Spanish for "the point" or the promontory and may refer to:La Punta, San Luis, ArgentinaLa Punta District, PeruSan Giovanni la Punta, ItalySan Salvador de la Punta Fortress, CubaSeealsoPunta (disambiguation)Passage 2:Turning PointA turning point, or climax, is the point of highest tension in a narrative work.Turning Point or Turning Points may refer to:FilmThe Turning Point, a 1914 silent filmstarring Caroline CookeThe Turning Point (1920 film), an American film starring Katherine MacDonaldThe Turning Point (1945 film), a Soviet film by Fridrikh Markovitch ErmlerThe Turning Point (1952 film), a crimedrama starring Edmond O'BrienTurning Point (1960 film), an Australian TV playThe Turning Point (1977 film), a drama starring Shirley MacLaine and Anne BancroftThe Turning Point (1978 film), a Soviet drama filmdirected by Vadim AbdrashitovThe Turning Point (1983 film), an East German film by Frank BeyerTurning Point (2009 Hong Kong film), a spin-off to the 2009 Hong Kong television drama series E.U.Turning Point (2009American film), a documentary film on the travels of Michelle YeohTurning Point (2012 film), a 2012 drama film by Niyi TowolawiThe Turning Point (2022 film), an Italian filmLiteratureThe Turning Point (book), a 1982nonfiction book by Fritjof CapraBatman: Turning Points, a 5-issue limited series of comicsThe Turning Point, a 1942 autobiography by Klaus MannThe Turning Point, a 1988 short story by Isaac AsimovMusicTurning Point(American band), an American straight-edge hardcore bandTurning Point (UK band), a late 1970s UK fusion bandAlbumsTurning Point (Benny Golson album) (1962)Turning Point (Mario album) (2004)The Turning Point(John Mayall album) (1969)The Turning Point (McCoy Tyner album) (1992)Turning Point (Lonnie Smith album) (1969)Turning Point (Pink Lady album) (1980)Turning Point (Chuck Wicks album) (2016)Turning Point(Paul Bley album)Turning Point, a 1995 album by Rory BlockTurning Point (Dr SID album) (2010)Songs"Turning Point" (Tyrone Davis song) (1976)"Turning Point", a song by Buckwheat Zydeco"Turning Point", a 2013song by Killswitch Engage from Disarm the Descent"Turning Point", a song by Mighty Joe Young"Turning Point", a 1967 song by Nina Simone from Silk & Soul"The Turning Point", a song by Toto fromTambuOrganizationsTurning Point (institute), a training and counseling institute in IrelandTurning Point (charity), a social care organisation in the United KingdomTurning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, in Melbourne,AustraliaTurning Point USA, an American conservative, right-wing organizationTurning Point UK, an off-shoot of Turning Point USATelevisionTurning Point (ministry), carried on TBN, broadcast from San Diego County,United StatesTurning Point, an American dramatic anthology series broadcast on NBC from April to October 1958 consisting of two unsold pilots and reruns from other seriesTurning Point (1991 TV series), an Indianscience magazine TV seriesTurning Point (TV program) (1994–1999), an American news programTurning Points of History, a History Television seriesImpact Wrestling Turning Point, a professional wrestlingpay-per-view event and episode of Impact WrestlingTurning Point (2004 wrestling), the first event in the seriesTurning Point (2005 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2006 wrestling),a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2007 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2008 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2009wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2010 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2011 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurningPoint (2012 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2013 wrestling), a professional wrestling episode of Impact WrestlingTurning Point (January 2015 wrestling), a professional wrestlingpay-per-view event as part of the One Night Only seriesTurning Point (August 2015 wrestling), a professional wrestling episode of Impact WrestlingTurning Point (2016 wrestling), a professional wrestling episode ofImpact WrestlingTurning Point (2019 wrestling), a professional wrestling exclusive event on Impact Plus"Turning Point" (Amphibia), an episode of Amphibia"Turning Point" (Planetes episode)"Turning Point"(Spider-Man), an episode of the 1994 animated series"The Turning Point" (The Vampire Diaries), a 2009 episode of The Vampire DiariesOther usesTurning Point: Fall of Liberty, a 2008 first-person shooter videogameTurning point, in mathematics: a stationary point at which the derivative changes signSee alsoCursus (classical)Turning (disambiguation)Passage 3:Edoardo MulargiaEdoardo Mulargia (10 December 1925 – 7September 2005) was an Italian director and screenwriter.Life and careerBorn in Torpè, Nuoro, Mulargia graduated in Law, first working as a journalist, then directing numerous scientific and industrial short films. Afterbeing assistant of Pietro Germi and Luciano Emmer, in 1963  he made his feature film debut  with Le due leggi. As a film director Mulargia specialized in the spaghetti western genre, in which he was usually creditedas  Tony Moore and Edward G. Muller. In the 1980s he abandoned cinema to work for RAI television.Selected filmographyThe Invincible Brothers Maciste (screenwriter, 1964)Three Swords for Rome (screenwriter,1964)Night of Violence (screenwriter, 1965)Perché uccidi ancora (director and screenwriter, 1965)Cjamango (director, 1967)The Reward's Yours... The Man's Mine (director and screenwriter, 1969)Shango (director andscreenwriter, 1970)W Django! (director, 1971)La figliastra (director, 1976)Orinoco: Prigioniere del sesso (director, 1979) – American re-edited version: Savage Island (1985, with Linda Blair)Escape from Hell (director,1980)Passage 4:Julie HollandJulie Holland (born December 13, 1965) is an American psychopharmacologist, psychiatrist, and author.  She is the author of five books, including  Weekends at Bellevue: Nine Years on theNight Shift at the Psych ER, a memoir documenting her experience as the weekend head of the psychiatric emergency room at Bellevue Hospital in New York City An advocate for the appropriate use of consciousnessexpanding substances as part of mental health treatment, she is a medical monitor for MAPS studies, which involve, in part, developing psychedelics into prescription medication.Personal backgroundJulie Holland wasborn on December 13, 1965, in New York City. She grew up in Framingham, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston.She attended the University of Pennsylvania, where she majored in the Biological Basis of Behavior, aseries of courses combining the study of psychology and neural sciences, with a concentration on psychopharmacology.  She received her medical degree from Temple University; during her residency, at Mount SinaiHospital in New York, she served as Chief Resident of the Schizophrenia Research Ward.  A principal investigator in a research study examining a new medication for schizophrenia, Holland earned a National Institute ofHealth Outstanding Resident Award in 1994.While in college, Holland wrote an extensive research paper on MDMA; it became the foundation for her 2001 book Ecstasy: The Complete Guide.ProfessionalbackgroundFrom 1995 through 2004, Holland was an attending psychiatrist in the Comprehensive Psychiatric Emergency Program at Bellevue Hospital in New York.   Her national bestseller, Weekends at Bellevue: NineYears on the Night Shift at the Psych ER, was published in 2009. In describing the book, The New York Times wrote: "Dr. Holland brings readers into the psychiatric emergency room, where she was in charge onweekends for nine years. She explains the language, characters, policies and politics of the highly charged environment of caring for those in crisis. At the same, she walks readers through her mind and its substantialstruggles. The book is as much a story about her own internal dramas as it is about mental health care in New York City." Weekends at Bellevue was optioned by Fox for a television pilot in 2011; the pilot was notpicked up. In November 2013, The Hollywood Reporter reported that HBO was developing a comedy based on Holland's book Moody Bitches: The Truth About the Drugs You're Taking, the Sex You're Not Having, TheSleep You're Missing and What's Really Making You Crazy.From 1995 through 2012, Holland was an Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the New York University School of Medicine.Now a medical advisor toMAPS, Holland was the medical monitor for several therapeutic studies of MDMA assisted psychotherapy in the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. In addition to serving as a forensic consultant for drug-relatedcases, Holland is a frequent lecturer, and has appeared as a drug and behavior expert on CNN, National Geographic Channel, Fox, VH1, MTV and Good Morning America. She has appeared on The Today Show overtwenty-five times and is in private practice in New York.Honors and awards2011: Norman Zinberg Award for Medical ExcellenceNational Institute of Health Outstanding Resident AwardPublished worksBooksHolland, Julie(2001). Ecstasy: The Complete Guide: A Comprehensive Look at the Risks and Benefits of MDMA, New York: Park Street Press, ISBN 0892818573Holland, Julie (2010). The Pot Book: A Complete Guide to Cannabis,New York: Park Street Press, ISBN 1594773688Holland, Julie (2010). Weekends at Bellevue: Nine Years on the Night Shift at the Psych ER, New York: Bantam, ISBN 0553386522Holland, Julie (2015). MoodyBitches:  The Truth About the Drugs You're Taking, the Sleep You're Missing, the Sex You're Not Having, and What's Really Making You Crazy,  New York, Penguin Press, ISBN 978-1-59420-580-4Holland, Julie (2020).Good Chemistry: The Science of Connection, from Soul to Psychedelics , New York; Harper Wave, ISBN 978-0062862884PapersFeduccia, A. A., Jerome, L., Mithoefer, M. C., & Holland, J. (2020). Discontinuation ofmedications classified as reuptake inhibitors affects treatment response of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. Psychopharmacology, 1–8.Mithoefer, M. C., Mithoefer, A. T., Feduccia, A. A., Jerome, L., Wagner, M., Wymer,J., Holland, J. ... & Doblin, R. (2018). 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans, firefighters, and police officers: a randomised,double-blind, dose-response, phase 2 clinical trial. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(6), 486–497.Feduccia, A. A., Mithoefer, M. C., Jerome, L., Holland, J., Emerson, A., & Doblin, R. (2018). Response to the consensus statementof the PTSD Psychopharmacology Working Group. Biological psychiatry, 84(2), e21-e22.Feduccia, A. A., Holland, J., & Mithoefer, M. C. (2018). Progress and promise for the MDMA drug development program.Psychopharmacology, 1–11.Doblin, R., Greer, G., Holland, J., Jerome, L., Mithoefer, M. C., & Sessa, B. (2014). A reconsideration and response to Parrott AC (2013)“Human psychobiology of MDMA or ‘Ecstasy’: anoverview of 25 years of empirical research”. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 29(2), 105–108.Holland, J.A.; Nelson, L.W.; Ravikumar, P.R. (1998). "Embalming Fluid-Soaked Drugs: New Drug orNew Guise for PHP?". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 30 (2): 215–219. doi:10.1080/02791072.1998.10399693. PMID 9692385.Holland, Julie; and Kevin C. Riley. "Characterizing Auditory Hallucinations: An Aid in theDifferential Diagnosis of Malingering"Brašić JR, Holland JA. Reliable classification of case-control studies of autistic disorder and obstetric complications. J Dev Phys Disabil. 2006;18(4):355–381.</ref>Brašić JR, HollandJA. Reliable classification of case-control studies of autistic disorder and obstetric complications. J Dev Phys Disabil. 2006;18(4):355–381.</ref>Holland, Julie. "Positron emission tomography findings in heavy users ofMDMA"Holland, Julie. "Hallucinogenic Drugs in Experimental Psychiatric Research"Holland, Julie. "Raves for Research or Psychedelic Researchers: The Next Generation"See alsoPsychedelia – Film about the history ofpsychedelic drugsPassage 5:PointPoint or points may refer to:PlacesPoint, Lewis, a peninsula in the Outer Hebrides, ScotlandPoint, Texas, a city in Rains County, Texas, United StatesPoint, the NE tip and a ferryterminal of Lismore, Inner Hebrides, ScotlandPoints, West Virginia, an unincorporated community in the United StatesBusiness and financePoint (loyalty program), a type of virtual currency in common use amongmercantile loyalty programs, globallyPoint (mortgage), a percentage sometimes referred to as a form of pre-paid interest used to reduce interest rates in a mortgage loanBasis point, 1/100 of one percent, denoted bp,bps, and Percentage points, used to measure a change in percentage absolutelyPivot point (technical analysis), a price level of significance in analysis of a financial market that is used as a predictive indicator ofmarket movement"Points", the term for profit sharing in the American film industry, where creatives involved in making the film get a defined percentage of the net profits or even gross receiptsRoyalty points, a way ofsharing profit between companies and unit holdersVigorish point, the commission charged on a gambling bet or loanshark's loanMathematicsPoint (geometry), an entity that has a location in space or on a plane, but hasno extent; more generally, an element of some abstract topological spacePoint, or Element (category theory), generalizes the set-theoretic concept of an element of a set to an object of any categoryCritical point(mathematics), a stationary point of a function of an arbitrary number of variablesDecimal pointPoint-free geometryStationary point, a point in the domain of a single-valued function where the value of the functionceases to changeMeasurement unitsPoint (gemstone), 2 milligrams, or one hundredth of a caratPoint (typography), a measurement used in printing, the meaning of which has changed over timePoint, in hunting, thenumber of antler tips on the hunted animal (e.g. 9 point buck)Point, for describing paper-stock thickness, a synonym of mil and thou (one thousandth of an inch)Point, a hundredth of an inch or 0.254 mm, a unit ofmeasurement formerly used for rainfall in AustraliaParis point, 2/3 cm, used for shoe sizesPoints of the compass, one of the 32 directions on a traditional compass, equal to one eighth of a right angle (11.25degrees)SportsPoint (American football)Point (basketball)Point (ice hockey)Point (pickleball)Point (tennis)Point, fielding (cricket)Point, in sports ScorePoint guard, in basketballPoints (association football)Points decision,in boxing and some other fighting sportsThe point (ice hockey), the location of an ice hockey playerTechnology and transportPoint, a data element in a SCADA system representing a single input or outputPoints, acontact breaker in an ignition systemPoints, a railroad switch (British English)Points, the clock position of an object seen from a moving vessel or aircraft on an imaginary horizontal clock with 12:00 at the front; e.g.,two points to starboard is 2:00Points of sail, a sailing boat's course in relation to wind directionPoint system (driving), a system of demerits for driving offensesProjectile point, a hafted archaeological artifact used as aknife or projectile tipPublic Oregon Intercity Transit, styled POINT, a public transit systemArts, entertainment, and mediaMusicPoint (album), a 2001 album by CorneliusPoint #1, a 1999 album of ChevellePoint Music, arecord labelPoints (album), by jazz pianist Matthew Shipp"The Points",  a 1995 single and video from the Panther soundtrackPoint (Yello album), a 2020 album by Yello"Point", a song by the American band Bright fromtheir self-titled albumOther uses in arts, entertainment, and mediaHigh card points, used for hand evaluation in contract bridgeLe Point, a French weeklyOn Point, a radio showPoint Broadcasting, a radio broadcastingcompanyPointe technique, a ballet technique for dancing on the tips of toesTake Point (2018), a South Korean action filmOther usesPoint (coat color), animal fur coloration of the extremitiesPoint (geography), apeninsula or headlandPoint (surname), a surnameMake a point or come to a point, a hunting term referring to a pointing dog's standing rigid and facing the preyOn point, someone who possesses abundant and variousqualities of competence, leadership or style, or to specific acts which demonstrate such qualitiesPoint man, one who takes point (defined below) on patrol, the lookout in the commission of a crime, a defense position inice hockey, or someone who leads the defense of a political positionPoint mutation, a change in a single nucleotideTake point (or walk point, be on point, or be a point man), to be the lead, and likely most vulnerable,soldier, vehicle, or unit in a combat military formationPoint University, West Point, GeorgiaSee alsoEndpoint (disambiguation)Lapointe (disambiguation), also Lepoint/La Pointe/Le PointMidpoint (disambiguation)PointLookout (disambiguation)Pointing (disambiguation)Points system (disambiguation)Start Point (disambiguation)The Point (disambiguation)Tipping point (disambiguation)All pages with titles beginning with Point All pageswith titles containing PointPassage 6:La figliastraLa figliastra: Storia di corna e di passioni is a 1976 commedia sexy all'italiana film directed by Edoardo Mulargia. It features Bruno Scipioni with Austrian sexploitationstar Sonja Jeannine (credited as Sonia Jeanine).In France, the film was released in an adult version with added hardcore scenes and under the title Veuves excitées.PlotThe wife of the Sicilian barone Francesco 'Cocò'Laganà (Bruno Scipioni) dies of heart failure while having sex with the lecherous gardener Fefè (Nino Terzo). Cocò marries a Northerner widow named Nadia (Maristella Greco), her beautiful teenage daughter Daniela(Sonja Jeannine) later moving to her stepfather's house. Both Cocò and Fefè (who is now married to Cocò's nymphomaniac sister Agata (Lucrezia Love)) make sexual advances to Daniela but to no avail. MeanwhileCocò's heirship to a large inheritance is in jeopardy because his late wife did not beget him a child and Nadia cannot get pregnant, the Sicilian customary law barring a man without offspring from heirship.Passage7:Juan Bustillo OroJuan Bustillo Oro (2 June 1904 – 10 June 1989) was a Mexican film director, screenwriter and producer, whose career spanned  over 38 years.Among his works there are In the Times of Don Porfirio,Here's the Point, Arm in Arm Down the Street, Cuando los hijos se van and those listed below.Selected filmographyTwo Monks (1934)The Black Angel (1942)My Memories of Mexico (1944)Seven Women (1953)Passage8:You're Missing the PointYou're Missing the Point (Spanish: Ahí está el detalle) is a 1940 Mexican comedy film starring Cantinflas. It was produced by Jesús Grovas and directed by Juan Bustillo Oro, and also featuresJoaquín Pardavé, Sara García, Sofía Álvarez, and Dolores Camarillo. It was the twelfth film in Cantinflas's career, considered one of his best by Mexican film critics, as well as one of Mexico's best films.The film's setswere designed by the art director Carlos Toussaint.Plot summaryCantinflas is the boyfriend of Paz, the household maid of Cayetano Lastre. It is dinnertime and Cantinflas is waiting outside the mansion for Paz's whistle:a sign for Cantinflas to enter the kitchen to eat. This is because there is a dog in the front yard named "Bobby", and Paz's boss is unaware of Cantinflas's forays into the house. While waiting, another man also arrives todo the same, pulling out a cigarette and dropping his wallet in the process, which Cantinflas picks up when entering the house. Though like other times Cantinflas goes straight in to eat, this time his girlfriend has afavor to ask him: to kill the dog "Bobby" who has suffered a sudden onset of rabies and doesn't let Cayetano leave for an appointment. Seeing his hesitation, Paz is adamant: if he does not kill the dog, he does not getto eat. Cantinflas is nervous about the idea, but eventually kills the dog with a gun.Meanwhile, inside the house, after Cayetano leaves, his wife Dolores del Paso has given entrance to the other man: her ex-boyfriendBobby Lechuga, a con artist who plans to blackmail her with some undated letters with a new date unless she does as he says. However, Cayetano suddenly returns to the house, as his over-bearing jealousy has ledhim to think that his wife cheats on him and has plotted a scheme to expose her supposed "adultery" red-handed. Hearing his arrival, Paz hides Cantlinflas and later does the same with Bobby. Cayetano finds andcatches Cantinflas, assuming he is his wife's lover, but Dolores pretends that Cantinflas is her long-estranged brother, Leonardo del Paso. Being that his father-in-law (Dolores and Leonardo's father) needed the


Passage 1:Joely CollinsJoely Collins (born Joely Meri Bertorelli; August 8, 1972) is a Canadian actress. She is the daughter of Andrea Bertorelli and of English musician Phil Collins.Early lifeBorn and raised largely inVancouver, British Columbia, Collins studied at the Vancouver Youth Theatre, and later at London's Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts. She was adopted by her mother's husband, Phil Collins, upon their marriage in 1975.They later had one child, son Simon (born in 1976). She was named Canada's "Best Leading Actress" at the age of 22 for her work on the television series Madison. She appeared on the long-running drama Cold Squad.In 2009, she co-founded StoryLab Productions and produced the award-winning feature film Becoming Redwood.Actress Lily Collins is her half-sister, born to her father Phil Collins and his second wife Jill Tavelman afterhe and her mother Andrea Bertorelli divorced in 1980.Collins won the award for Best Actress in a Canadian Film at the Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards 2004 for The Love Crimes of Gillian Guess.Personal lifeCollinsmarried Dutch-born Stefan Buitelaar on August 23, 2008, in Leiden, Netherlands. On October 26, 2009, Collins gave birth to their daughter, Zoë Amelie.FilmographyFilmTelevisionPassage 2:Phil CollinsPhilip DavidCharles Collins  (born 30 January 1951) is an English singer, drummer, songwriter, record producer and actor. He was the drummer and later lead singer of the rock band Genesis and also has a career as a soloperformer. Between 1982 and 1990, Collins achieved three UK and seven US number one singles as a solo artist. When his work with Genesis, his work with other artists, as well as his solo career are totalled, he wasresponsible for more US top 40 singles than any other artist during the 1980s. His most successful singles from the period include "In the Air Tonight", "Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)", "One More Night","Sussudio", "Another Day in Paradise" and "I Wish It Would Rain Down".Born and raised in west London, Collins began playing drums at five and completed drama school training, which secured him various roles as achild actor, with his first major role at 13 as the Artful Dodger in the West End musical Oliver!. He then pursued a musical career, joining Genesis in 1970 as their drummer and becoming lead singer in 1975 followingthe departure of Peter Gabriel. Collins began a successful solo career in the 1980s, initially inspired by his marital breakdown and love of soul music, releasing the albums Face Value (1981), Hello, I Must Be Going(1982), No Jacket Required (1985) and ...But Seriously (1989). Collins became, in the words of AllMusic, "one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the '80s and beyond". He also became knownfor a distinctive gated reverb drum sound on many of his recordings. In 1985, he was the only artist to perform at both Live Aid concerts. He also resumed his acting career, appearing in Miami Vice and subsequentlystarring in the film Buster (1988).Collins left Genesis in 1996 to focus on solo work; this included writing songs for Disney's animated film Tarzan (1999). He wrote and performed the songs, "Two Worlds", "Son of Man","Strangers Like Me" and "You'll Be in My Heart", the latter of which earned him the Academy Award for Best Original Song. He rejoined Genesis for their Turn It On Again Tour in 2007. Following a five-year retirement tofocus on his family life, Collins released his memoir in 2016 and completed his Not Dead Yet Tour in 2019. He then rejoined Genesis in 2020 for a second reunion tour, ending in March 2022.Collins's discography includeseight studio albums that have sold 33.5 million certified units in the US and an estimated 150 million records sold worldwide, making him one of the world's best-selling artists. He is one of only three recording artists,along with Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson, who have sold over 100 million records both as solo artists and separately as principal members of a band. He has won eight Grammy Awards, six Brit Awards (winningBest British Male Artist three times), two Golden Globe Awards, one Academy Award, and a Disney Legend Award. He was awarded six Ivor Novello Awards from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers andAuthors, including the International Achievement Award. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1999, and was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as amember of Genesis in 2010. He has also been recognised by music publications with induction into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2012, and the Classic Drummer Hall of Fame in 2013.Early lifePhilip DavidCharles Collins was born on 30 January 1951 at Putney Hospital in Wandsworth, south-west London. His father, Greville Philip Austin Collins (1907–1972), was an insurance agent for London Assurance and his mother,Winifred June Collins (née Strange, 1913–2011), worked in a toy shop and later as a booking agent at the Barbara Speake Stage School, an independent performing arts school in East Acton. Collins is the youngest ofthree children: his sister Carole competed as a professional ice skater and followed her mother's footsteps as a theatrical agent, and his brother Clive was a noted cartoonist. The family moved twice by the time Collinshad reached two; they settled at 453 Hanworth Road in Hounslow, Middlesex.Collins was given a toy drum kit for Christmas when he was five, and later his two uncles made him a makeshift set with triangles andtambourines that fitted into a suitcase. As Collins grew older, these were followed by more complete sets bought by his parents. He practised by playing along to music on the television and radio. During a familyholiday at a Butlin's, a seven-year-old Collins entered a talent contest singing "The Ballad of Davy Crockett", but stopped the orchestra halfway through to tell them they were in the wrong key. The Beatles were a majorearly influence on Collins, including their drummer Ringo Starr. He followed the lesser-known London band the Action, whose drummer he would copy and whose work introduced him to the soul music of Motown andStax Records. Collins was also influenced by jazz and big band drummer Buddy Rich, whose opinion on the importance of the hi-hat prompted him to stop using two bass drums and start using the hi-hat.Around twelve,Collins received basic piano and music tuition from his father's aunt. He studied drum rudiments under Lloyd Ryan and later under Frank King, and considered this training "more helpful than anything else becausethey're used all the time. In any kind of funk or jazz drumming, the rudiments are always there." Collins never learned to read or write musical notation and devised his own system, which he regretted in later life. "I'vealways felt that if I could hum it, I could play it. For me, that was good enough, but that attitude is bad."Collins attended Nelson Primary School until he was eleven. He was accepted into Chiswick County GrammarSchool, where he took to football and formed the Real Thing, a school band that had Andrea Bertorelli, his future wife, and friend Lavinia Lang, as backup singers. Both women would have an impact on Collins' personallife in later years. Collins' next group was the Freehold, with whom he wrote his first song, "Lying, Crying, Dying", and played in a group named the Charge.Career1963–1970: Early acting roles and bandsCollins quitschool at fourteen to become a full-time pupil at Barbara Speake. He had an uncredited part as an extra in the Beatles' film A Hard Day's Night (1964), where he is amongst the screaming teenagers during the televisionconcert sequence. Later in 1964, Collins was cast as the Artful Dodger in two West End runs of the musical Oliver! He was paid £15 a week, and called the role "the best part for a kid in all London". His days as theDodger were numbered when his voice broke during a performance and had to speak his lines for the rest of the show. Collins starred in Calamity the Cow (1967), a film produced by the Children's Film Foundation.After a falling out with the director, Collins decided to quit acting to pursue music. He was to appear in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) as one of the children who storm the castle, but his scene was cut. Collinsauditioned for the role of Romeo in Romeo and Juliet (1968), but the role went to Leonard Whiting. He also travelled the country teaching people the "crunch" dance made popular by a Smith's crisps advertisingcampaign.Collins's enthusiasm towards music grew during his acting years. He frequented the Marquee Club on Wardour Street so often, eventually the managers asked him to set out the chairs, sweep the floors, andassist in the cloakroom. It was here where Collins saw The Action and newcomers Yes perform, which greatly influenced him. When auditions for Vinegar Joe and Manfred Mann Chapter Three were unsuccessful, Collinssecured a position in the Cliff Charles Blues Band and toured the country. This was followed by a stint in The Gladiators, a backing band for a black vocal quartet, which also featured Collins's schoolmate Ronnie Caryl onguitar. Around this time, Collins learned that Yes were looking for a new drummer and spoke to frontman Jon Anderson, who invited him to an audition the following week. Collins failed to turn up, and later wonderedwhat his life would have been like had he gone ahead with it.In 1969, Collins and Caryl joined John Walker's backing band for a European tour, which also consisted of guitarist Gordon Smith and keyboardist BrianChatton. The tour finished, and the quartet formed a rock band, Hickory, which recorded one single ("Green Light"/"The Key").  Still in 1n 1969, they were later renamed Flaming Youth. They signed to Fontana Recordsand recorded Ark 2 (1969), a concept album written and produced by Ken Howard and Alan Blaikley that tells the story of man's evacuation from a burning Earth and its voyage into space. Each member sings a leadvocal.In May 1970, after Flaming Youth split, Collins played congas on George Harrison's song "Art of Dying", but his contribution was omitted. Years later, Collins asked Harrison about the omission. Harrison sentCollins a recording allegedly containing Collins's performance; Collins was embarrassed to hear that the performance was poor. When Collins apologised, Harrison confessed that the recording was a prank, which Collinsaccepted in good humour.1970–1978: Genesis, later role as lead singer, and Brand XIn July 1970, the rock band Genesis had signed with Charisma Records and recorded their second album Trespass (1970), butsuffered a setback following the departures of drummer John Mayhew and guitarist Anthony Phillips. They decided to continue, and placed an advert in the Melody Maker for a drummer "sensitive to acoustic music" anda 12-string acoustic guitarist. Collins recognised Charisma owner Tony Stratton-Smith's name on it, and he and Caryl went for the auditions. The group, who had been a full-time working band for less than a year,consisted of school friends from Charterhouse School, a private boarding school: singer Peter Gabriel, keyboardist Tony Banks, and bassist/guitarist Mike Rutherford. Collins and Caryl arrived early, so Collins took aswim in the pool at Gabriel's parents' house and memorised the pieces the drummers before him were playing. He recalled: "They put on 'Trespass', and my initial impression was of a very soft and round music, notedgy, with vocal harmonies, and I came away thinking Crosby, Stills and Nash." On 8 August 1970, Collins became their fourth drummer. Genesis then took a two-week holiday, during which Collins earned money as anexterior decorator. Rutherford thought Caryl was not a good fit; in 1971, the band enlisted Steve Hackett.From 1970 to 1975, Collins played drums, percussion, and largely sang backing vocals on Genesis albums andconcerts. His first album as a member, Nursery Cryme, features the acoustic song "For Absent Friends" that has Collins singing lead vocal. He sang "More Fool Me" on their 1973 album Selling England by the Pound. In1974, during the recording of The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway, Collins played drums on Brian Eno's second album Taking Tiger Mountain (By Strategy) after Eno had contributed electronic effects to two songs on thealbum.In August 1975, Gabriel's departure from the band was publicly announced. Genesis advertised for a replacement in Melody Maker and received around 400 replies. After a lengthy auditioning process, duringwhich he sang backup vocals for applicants, Collins became the band's lead vocalist during the recording of their album A Trick of the Tail. The album was a commercial and critical success, reaching number 3 in the UKcharts and 31 in the US. Rolling Stone wrote that Genesis "has managed to turn the possible catastrophe of Gabriel's departure into their first broad-based American success." For the tour, Collins accepted former Yesand King Crimson drummer Bill Bruford to play drums while Collins sang. Wind & Wuthering was the last Genesis album recorded with Hackett before he left the group. In 1976, Collins brought in American drummerChester Thompson, formerly of Frank Zappa and Weather Report who became a mainstay of Genesis' and Collins' backing bands until 2010. When Collins, Banks, and Rutherford decided to continue Genesis as a trio in1977, they recorded ...And Then There Were Three.... This marked a shift from their progressive rock roots to a more radio-friendly, pop rock sound, and included the band's first UK Top 10 and US Top 40 single,"Follow You Follow Me". The level of commercial success that Genesis had reached by this time allowed Collins and his wife to move into Old Croft, a home in Shalford, Surrey, in the spring of 1978.Collins pursuedvarious guest spots and solo projects from his time as Genesis's drummer. In 1973, he and Hackett were among the musicians who performed on the solo debut of ex-Yes guitarist Peter Banks. In 1975, Collins sang andplayed drums, vibraphone, and percussion on Hackett's first solo album, Voyage of the Acolyte; performed on Eno's albums Another Green World, Before and After Science, and Music for Films; and replaced drummerPhil Spinelli of the jazz fusion group Brand X before recording their first two albums, Unorthodox Behaviour and Moroccan Roll. Collins played percussion on Johnny the Fox by Thin Lizzy, and sang on Anthony Phillips'debut solo album, The Geese & the Ghost.1978–1984: Solo debut with Face Value and Hello, I Must Be Going!After Genesis finished touring in December 1978, the group went on hiatus after Collins went to Vancouver,Canada to try to save his failing marriage. The attempt failed, leaving his wife to return to England with their children while living apart. Collins returned to Old Croft, their home in Shalford, Surrey, and their divorce wasfinalised in 1981. Banks and Rutherford were recording their first solo albums during this time, so Collins rejoined Brand X for their album Product and its accompanying tour, played on John Martyn's album Grace andDanger, and started writing demos of his own at home. This was followed by Genesis resuming activity and recording and touring through 1980 with their album Duke (1980). The three members contributed two trackseach; Collins put forward "Please Don't Ask" and "Misunderstanding".In February 1981, Collins released his debut solo album Face Value. He signed with Virgin Records and WEA for American distribution in order todistance himself from the Charisma label, and oversaw every step of its production; he wrote the liner notes himself and by hand. His divorce was the focus of its lyrical themes and song titles: "I had a wife, twochildren, two dogs, and the next day I didn't have anything. So a lot of these songs were written because I was going through these emotional changes." Collins produced the album in collaboration with Hugh Padgham,with whom he had worked on Peter Gabriel's self-titled 1980 album. Face Value reached number one on the UK Albums Chart. It was also an international success, reaching number one in six other countries andnumber seven in the US where it went on to sell 5 million copies. "In the Air Tonight", the album's lead single, became a hit and reached number two in the UK charts. The song is known for the gated reverb effect usedon Collins's drums, a technique developed by Padgham when he worked as an engineer on Gabriel's song "Intruder", on which Collins played drums.Following an invitation by record producer Martin Lewis, Collinsperformed live as a solo artist at an Amnesty International benefit show The Secret Policeman's Other Ball at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London in September 1981, performing "In the Air Tonight" and "The RoofIs Leaking". Collins also worked again with John Martyn in this year, producing his album Glorious Fool. In September 1981, Genesis released Abacab. This was followed by its 1981 supporting tour and a two-month tourin 1982 promoting the Genesis live album Three Sides Live. In early 1982, Collins produced and played on Something's Going On, the third solo album by Anni-Frid Lyngstad of ABBA, and performed most of the drumparts on Pictures at Eleven, the first solo album by Led Zeppelin singer Robert Plant. In October 1982, Collins took part in the one-off Genesis reunion concert Six of the Best held at the Milton Keynes Bowl inBuckinghamshire, which marked the return of Gabriel on lead vocals and Hackett on guitar.Collins's second solo album, Hello, I Must Be Going!, was released in November 1982. His marital problems continued toprovide inspiration for his songs, including "I Don't Care Anymore" and "Do You Know, Do You Care". The album reached number 2 in the UK and number 8 in the US, where it sold 3 million copies. Its second single, acover of "You Can't Hurry Love" by the Supremes, became Collins's first UK number one single and went to number 10 in the US. Collins supported the album with the Hello, I Must Be Going! tour of Europe and NorthAmerica from November 1982 to February 1983. Following the tour, Collins played drums on Plant's second solo album, The Principle of Moments, and produced and played on two tracks for Adam Ant's album Strip,"Puss 'n Boots" and the title track. In May 1983, Collins, Banks and Rutherford recorded a self-titled Genesis album; its tour ended with five shows in Birmingham, England in February 1984. The latter shows werefilmed and released as Genesis Live – The Mama Tour.1984–1989: No Jacket Required and commercial ubiquityCollins wrote and performed on "Against All Odds", the main theme for the romantic film of the samename, which demonstrated a more pop-oriented and commercially accessible sound than his previous work. Released in February 1984, it was the first single of his solo career to reach number one on the Billboard Hot100 chart; it peaked at number two in the UK. Collins won a Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Male. The song also earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song, and he arranged his1985 tour to accommodate the possibility of performing it at the awards ceremony. However, a note to Atlantic Records from show producer Larry Gelbart explaining a lack of invitation stated: "Thank you for your noteregarding Phil Cooper [sic]. I'm afraid the spots have already been filled", and Collins watched actress and dancer Ann Reinking perform it. The Los Angeles Times said: "Reinking did an incredible job of totallydestroying a beautiful song." Collins would introduce it at subsequent concerts by saying: "I'm sorry Miss Ann Reinking couldn't be here tonight; I guess I just have to sing my own song."In 1984, Collins contributed tothe production on Chinese Wall by Earth, Wind & Fire vocalist Philip Bailey, which included a duet from the two, "Easy Lover". The song was number one in the UK for four weeks, and peaked at number 2 in the US. Healso produced and played drums on several tracks on Behind the Sun by Eric Clapton. In November, Collins was part of the charity supergroup Band Aid in aid of Ethiopian famine relief and played drums on its single,"Do They Know It's Christmas?".Collins's third album, No Jacket Required, was recorded in 1984 and marked a turning point in his output. He departed from lyrics about his personal life and wrote more upbeat anddance-orientated songs with strong hooks and melodies, such as "Sussudio", "One More Night", and "Take Me Home". The album also featured guest backing vocals from Sting, Peter Gabriel, and Helen Terry. No JacketRequired was released in February 1985 and became a huge worldwide success, reaching number one in several countries. "Sussudio" and "One More Night" topped the US singles chart, and "Don't Lose My Number"and "Take Me Home" made the US top ten. The album remains Collins's most successful of his career, selling over 12 million copies in the US and 1.9 million in the UK.Although the album was criticised for being overly


Passage 1:George IV, Count of Erbach-FürstenauGeorge IV, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau (12 May 1646 – 20 June 1678), was a member of the German House of Erbach who held the fiefs of Fürstenau, Michelstadt,Reichenberg, Bad König and Breuberg.Born in Hanau, he was the eighth child and fifth (but third surviving) son of George Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg and his third wife Elisabeth Dorothea, a daughter of GeorgeFrederick II, Count of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg in Schillingsfürst.LifeBecause he and his brothers were still minors at the time of their father's death in 1647, the guardianship and rule over the Erbach domains wereassigned to their eldest half-brother George Ernest, who ruled alone until his death in 1669, without issue. George IV and his surviving younger brothers George Louis I and George Albert II jointly held the Erbach landsuntil 1672, when  formal division of their possessions was effected: George IV received the districts of Fürstenau, Michelstadt, Bad König and Breuberg.George IV pursued a military career, and eventually he wasappointed major-general in the Netherlands. He died in the Waal river near Tiel, aged 32, at the end of the Franco-Dutch War, and was buried in Michelstadt.Marriage and issueIn Arolsen on 22 August 1671 George IVmarried Louise Anna (18 April 1653 – 30 June 1714), heiress of Culemborg and daughter of Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck by his wife Elisabeth Charlotte of Nassau-Siegen. They had four children:Sophie Charlotte(23 September 1672 – April 1673)Amalie Mauritiana (1674 – 1675)William Frederick (March 1676 – 18 August 1676)Charlotte Wilhelmine Albertine (posthumously; 18 September 1678 – 20 March 1683)Because hedied without surviving male issue, his domains reverted to his brothers, who divided them between themselves.== Notes ==Passage 2:George Albert II, Count of Erbach-FürstenauGeorge Albert II, Count ofErbach-Fürstenau (26 February 1648 – 23 March 1717), was a member of the German House of Erbach who held the fiefs of Fürstenau, Schönberg, Seeheim, Reichenberg and Breuberg.Born in Fürstenau, he was theninth child and sixth (but fourth surviving) son of George Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg and his third wife Elisabeth Dorothea, a daughter of George Frederick II, Count of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg in Schillingsfürst.He was born three months after his father's death, on 25 November 1647.LifeHe pursued a military career and became an Oberstleutnant of the Imperial army.Following the division of the Erbach patrimony in 1672,George Albert II received the districts of Schönberg, Seeheim and 1/4 of Breuberg; in 1678, following the death of his brother George IV, he added to his domains the districts of Fürstenau and Reichenberg.GeorgeAlbert II died in Fürstenau aged 69 and was buried in Michelstadt.== Notes ==Passage 3:George Albert I, Count of Erbach-SchönbergGeorge Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg (16 December 1597 – 25 November1647), was a German prince member of the House of Erbach and ruler over Schönberg, Seeheim, Reichenberg, Fürstenau and since 1643 over all the Erbach family lands.Born in Erbach, he was the fourth child andsecond (but eldest surviving) son of George III, Count of Erbach-Breuberg and his fourth wife Maria, a daughter of Count Albert X of Barby-Mühlingen.LifeAfter the death of their father, George Albert I and his survivingelder half-brothers divided the Erbach domains in 1606: he received the districts of Schönberg and Seeheim.In 1617 he was captured by pirates and taken to Tunis, but shortly after he was ransomed.In 1623, after thedeath of his eldest half-brother Frederick Magnus without surviving issue, the remaining brothers divided his domains: George Albert I received the district of Reichenberg.In 1627, with the death of anotherhalf-brother, John Casimir, unmarried and without issue, was made another land division; this time George Albert I received Fürstenau. Finally, the death of his last surviving half-brother Louis I in 1643 without livingsons, allowed George Albert I to reunite all the Erbach family possessions.George Albert I died in Erbach aged 49 and was buried in Michelstadt.Marriages and IssueIn Erbach on 29 May 1624 George Albert I marriedfirstly with Magdalena (13 November 1595 – 31 July 1633), a daughter of Johann VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg and his third wife Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein. They had six children:Ernest Louis Albert (6 October1626 – 10 May 1627).Louise Albertine (5 October 1628 – 20 October 1645).George Ernest, Count of Erbach-Wildenstein (7 October 1629 – 25 August 1669).Maria Charlotte (24 March 1631 – 8 June 1693), married on15 June 1650 to Count Johann Ernest of Isenburg-Büdingen in Wächtersbach.Anna Philippina (15 July 1632 – 16 March 1633).Stillborn son (31 July 1633).On 23 February 1634 George Albert I married secondly withAnna Dorothea (1612 – 23 June 1634), a daughter of Albert, Schenk of Limpurg-Gaildorf and his wife Emilie of Rogendorf. They had no children.In Frankfurt am Main on 26 July 1635 George Albert I married thirdly withElisabeth Dorothea (27 August 1617 – 12 November 1655), a daughter of George Frederick II, Count of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg in Schillingsfürst and his wife Dorothea Sophie of Solms-Hohensolms. They had ninechildren:George Frederick, Count of Erbach-Breuberg (6 October 1636 – 23 April 1653).William Louis (born and died 7 December 1637).Sophie Elisabeth (13 May 1640 – 18 June 1641).Juliana Christina Elisabeth (10September 1641 – 26 November 1692), married on 12 December 1660 to Count Salentin Ernest of Manderscheid in Blankenheim.George Louis I, Count of Erbach-Erbach (8 May 1643 – 30 April 1693).George Albert (14May 1644 – 27 March 1645).Mauritia Susanna (30 March 1645 – 17 November 1645).George IV, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau (12 May 1646 – 20 June 1678).George Albert II, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau (posthumously26 February 1648 – 23 March 1717).== Notes ==Passage 4:George Louis I, Count of Erbach-ErbachGeorge Louis I, Count of Erbach-Erbach (8 May 1643 – 30 April 1693), was a German prince member of the House ofErbach and ruler over Erbach, Freienstein, Wildenstein, Michelstadt and Breuberg.Born in Fürstenau, he was the fifth child and third (but second surviving) son of George Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg and histhird wife Elisabeth Dorothea, a daughter of George Frederick II, Count of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg in Schillingsfürst.LifeBecause he and his brothers were still minors at the time of their father's death in 1647, theguardianship and rule over the Erbach domains were assigned to their eldest half-brother George Ernest, who ruled alone until his death in 1669, without issue. George Louis I and his surviving younger brothers GeorgeIV and George Albert II ruled jointly the Erbach lands until 1672, when was made the formal division of their possessions: George Louis I received the districts of Erbach, Freienstein and Wildenstein.The death of GeorgeIV in 1678 without surviving issue forced another division in the Erbach patrimony; this time George Louis received the districts of Michelstadt and Breuberg.George Louis I died in Arolsen aged 49 and was buried inMichelstadt.Marriage and issueIn Culemborg on 26 December 1664 George Louis I married with Countess Amalia Katharina of Waldeck-Eisenberg (13 August 1640 – 4 January 1697), a daughter of Philipp Dietrich,Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg and his wife Maria Magdalena von Nassau-Siegen. They had sixteen children:Henriette (27 September 1665 – 28 September 1665).Henriette Juliane (15 October 1666 – 27 February1684).Philipp Louis, Count of Erbach-Erbach (10 June 1669 – 17 June 1720).Charles Albert Louis (16 June 1670 – k.a. Dapfing a.d.Donau, 18 August 1704).George Albert (born and died 1 July 1671).Amalie Katharina(13 May 1672 – 18 June 1676).Frederick Charles (19 April 1673 – 20 April 1673).A son (born and died 16 September 1674).Wilhelmine Sophie (16 February 1675 – 20 August 1675).Magdalena Charlotte (6 February1676 – 3 December 1676).Wilhelm Louis (21 March 1677 – 19 February 1678).Amalie Katharina (born and died 18 February 1678).Fredericka Charlotte (19 April 1679 – 21 April 1679).Frederick Charles, Count ofErbach-Limpurg (21 May 1680 – 20 February 1731).Ernest (23 September 1681 – 2 March 1684).Sophia Albertine (30 July 1683 – 4 September 1742), married on 4 February 1704 to Ernest Frederick I, Duke ofSaxe-Hildburghausen.== Notes ==Passage 5:George Frederick, Count of Erbach-BreubergGeorge Frederick, Count of Erbach-Breuberg (6 October 1636 – 23 April 1653), was a German prince member of the House ofErbach and ruler over Breuberg.He was the eldest child of George Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg and his third wife Elisabeth Dorothea, a daughter of George Frederick II, Count of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg inSchillingsfürst.LifeBecause he and his brothers were still minors at the time of their father's death in 1647, the guardianship and rule over the Erbach domains were assigned to their eldest half-brother George Ernest,who in 1653 gave George Frederick the district of Breuberg when he attained his majority; however, he died shortly after, unmarried and childless, and Breuberg merged back to the rule of George Ernest.== Notes==Passage 6:John Casimir, Count of Erbach-BreubergJohn Casimir, Count of Erbach-Breuberg (10 August 1584 – 14 January 1627), was a German prince member of the House of Erbach and ruler over Breuberg,Wildenstein and Fürstenau.Born in Erbach, he was the eleventh child and fourth (but third surviving) son of George III, Count of Erbach-Breuberg and his second wife Anna, a daughter of Frederick Magnus, Count ofSolms-Laubach-Sonnenwalde.LifeAfter the death of their father, John Casimir and his surviving brothers divided the Erbach domains in 1606: he received the districts of Breuberg and Wildenstein. In 1623, after thedeath of his eldest brother Frederick Magnus without surviving issue, the remaining brothers divided his domains: John Casimir received the district of Fürstenau.John Casimir died in Schweidnitz aged 41 and was buriedin Michelstadt. Because he never married or had children, his brothers divided his land after his death.== Notes ==Passage 7:George August, Count of Erbach-SchönbergGeorge August was the Count ofErbach-Schönberg and an Imperial counselor.BiographyHe was the youngest son of George Albert II, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau and Countess Anna Dorothea of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg. He was born on Sunday 17 June1691 in Waldenburg. Georg died on Wednesday 29 March 1758 in Konig, aged 66.FamilyAt the age of 28, Georg married Ferdinande Henriette, Countess of Stolberg-Gedern, aged 20, on Friday 15 December 1719 inGedern. She was born on Friday 2 October 1699 in Gedern, daughter of Ludwig Christian of Stolberg-Wernigerode and Duchess Christine of Mecklenburg-Güstrow. Ferdinande died on Saturday 31 January 1750 inErbach, aged 50.IssueCountess Christine of Erbach-Schonberg (b. Schönberg, Starkenburg, Hesse-Darmstadt, 5 May 1721 – d. Eschleiz, Reuss-Juengere-Linie, Thuringia, 26 November 1769), married in Schönberg on2 October 1742 to Heinrich XII, Count of Reuss-Schleiz (Schleiz 15 May 1716-Kirschkau 25 June 1784).Georg Ludwig II, Count of Erbach-Schonberg (b. Schönberg, 27 January 1723 – d. Plön, Holstein, 11 February1777), married in Plön on 11 November 1764 to Duchess Friederike of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (1736–1769).Count Franz Karl of Erbach (b. Schönberg, 28 July 1724 – d. Schönberg, 29 September 1788),married in Bergheim, Oberhesse, Hesse-Darmstadt on 4 September 1778 to Countess Auguste Karoline of Ysenburg und Büdingen zu Büdingen.Christian Adolf, Count of Erbach (b. Gedern, 23 August 1725 – d. Gedern,29 March 1726).Countess Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schönberg  (b. Gedern, 20 August 1727 – d. Ebersdorf, 22 April 1796), married Heinrich XXIV, Count Reuss-Ebersdorf, on 28 June 1754 in Thurnau, Bavaria.CountChristian of Erbach (b. Gedern, 7 October 1728 – d. Mergentheim, 29 May 1799).Countess Auguste Friederike of Erbach (b. Schönberg, 20 March 1730 – d. Thurnau, 5 September 1801), married in Schönberg on 13September 1753 to Christian Count of Giech-Wolfstein.Count Georg August of Erbach (b. Schönberg, 9 March 1731 – d. König, 8 February 1799).Count Karl of Erbach-Schonberg (b. Schönberg, 10 February 1732 – d.Schönberg, 29 July 1816) married in Cernetice, Strakonice, Bohemia then Habsburg monarchy, now Czech Republic, on 1 July 1783 to Maria Johanna Nepomucena Zadubsky von Schönthal.Count Friedrich of Erbach (b.Schönberg, 22 January 1733 – d. Schönberg, 6 April 1733).Countess Louise Leonore of Erbach (b. Schönberg, 26 August 1735 – d. Schönberg, 23 January 1816), married on 6 July 1750 to Leopold Casimir, Count ofRechteren.Count Kasimir of Erbach (b. Schönberg, 27 September 1736 – d. Prague, Bohemia then Habsburg monarchy, now Czech Republic, 6 April 1760).Count Gustav Ernst of Erbach-Schönberg  (b. Schönberg, 27April 1739 – d. Zwingenberg, 17 February 1812), married in Rottleberode on 3 August 1753 to Countess Henriette of Stolberg-Stolberg.Passage 8:George Ernest, Count of Erbach-WildensteinGeorge Ernest, Count ofErbach-Wildenstein (7 October 1629 – 25 August 1669), was a German prince member of the House of Erbach and ruler over Wildenstein, Kleinheubach und Breuberg.He was the third child and second (but eldestsurviving son) of George Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg and his first wife Magdalena, a daughter of Johann VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg.LifeAfter the death of his father in 1648, he ruled jointly with hishalf-brothers their domains until 1653, when he ceded Breuberg to George Frederick, but his early death allowed him to reunite this district to his government. Because his other three half-brothers are still minors,George Ernest continue to be sole ruler until his death.In Fürstenau on 22 November 1656 George Ernest married with her step-aunt Charlotte Christiana (6 November 1625 – 13 August 1677), a daughter of GeorgeFrederick II, Count of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg in Schillingsfürst and his wife Dorothea Sophie of Solms-Hohensolms. They had no children.George Ernest died in Kleinheubach aged 39. Because he died without issue, hisdomains where inherited by his surviving half-brothers, who ruled jointly until 1672, when they divided their lands between them.== Notes ==Passage 9:Frederick Magnus, Count of Erbach-FürstenauFrederick Magnus,Count of Erbach-Fürstenau (18 April 1575 – 26 March 1618), was a German prince member of the House of Erbach and ruler over Fürstenau and Reichenberg.Born in Erbach, he was the third child and second (buteldest surviving) son of George III, Count of Erbach-Breuberg and his second wife Anna, a daughter of Frederick Magnus, Count of Solms-Laubach-Sonnenwalde. He was named after his maternal grandfather.LifeAfterthe death of their father, Frederick Magnus and his surviving brothers divided the Erbach domains in 1606: he received the districts of Fürstenau and Reichenberg.Frederick Magnus died in Reichenberg aged 42 and wasburied in Michelstadt. Because he died without surviving male issue, his brothers divided his domains between them.Passage 10:Louis I, Count of Erbach-ErbachLouis I, Count of Erbach-Erbach (3 September 1579 – 12April 1643), was a German prince member of the House of Erbach and ruler over Erbach, Freienstein, Michelstadt, Bad König and Wildenstein.Born in Erbach, he was the seventh child and third (but second surviving)son of George III, Count of Erbach-Breuberg and his second wife Anna, a daughter of Frederick Magnus, Count of Solms-Laubach-Sonnenwalde.LifeAfter the death of their father, Louis I and his surviving brothersdivided the Erbach domains in 1606: he received the districts of Erbach and Freienstein.When their older brother Frederick Magnus died in 1618 without surviving male issue, the brothers divided his domains amongthem, but this took place only in 1623, when Louis I received Michelstadt and Bad König. In 1627, the death of another of the brother, John Casimir, unmarried and childless, caused another division of the paternalinheritance: this time, Louis I received Wildenstein.Louis died in Erbach aged 63 and was buried in Michelstadt. Because he died without surviving male issue, his only remaining brother, George Albert I inherited hisdomains, and with this reunited all the Erbach family lands.== Notes ==