Passage 1:One Does Not Play with LoveOne Does Not Play with Love (German: Man spielt nicht mit der Liebe) is a 1926 silent German drama film directed by G. W. Pabst. The film is an adaptation of the 1834 play byAlfred de Musset, On ne badine pas avec l'amour. The film is considered to be a lost film.CastWerner Krauss as Fürst Colalto (Prince Colalto)Lili Damita as CalixtaErna Morena as Florence, ehemalige Opernsängerin(alumna opera singer)Egon von Jordan as Eugen LewisArtur Retzbach as Nepallek, Hofmobiliardirektor (Director of the furniture of the court) (as Artur Retzbach-Erasiny)Oreste Bilancia as Der Freund (the friend)GustavCzimegTala Birell as Bit Role (as Thala Birell)Karl EtlingerMaria PaudlerMathilde SussinSee alsoList of lost filmsPassage 2:Gustav CzimegGustav Czimeg (December 20, 1877 – August 21, 1939) was a German actor ofthe silent period. He appeared in films such as Madame DuBarry (1919),  in which he played Duke Aiguillon, Die Rache des Titanen (1919), Glasprinzessin (1921), and One Does Not Play with Love (1926).Passage 3:TheFlesh Is WeakThe Flesh Is Weak is a 1957 British film directed by Don Chaffey. It stars John Derek and Milly Vitale. Distributors Corporation of America released the film in the USA as a double feature with Blonde inBondage.PlotTony Giani is a Soho pimp who preys on young provincial women who come to London seeking work. Marissa Cooper, one such girl, has just arrived in London. Giani spots her and offers her a job in theGolden Bucket, a nightclub. In her innocence, she does not realize the club is a front for prostitution. When she tries to escape from the pimp's control, she is set up by Giani and his brother Angelo and arrested by thepolice. Investigative journalist Lloyd Buxton persuades her to give evidence against the brothers leading to their imprisonment and her freedom.CastJohn Derek as Tony GianiMilly Vitale as Marissa CooperWilliamFranklyn as Lloyd BuxtonMartin Benson as Angelo GianiFreda Jackson as TrixieNorman Wooland as Inspector KingcombeHarold Lang as HenryPatricia Jessel as MillieJohn Paul as Sergeant FranksDenis Shaw asSaradineJoe Robinson as LoftyRoger Snowden as BennyPatricia Plunkett as Doris NewmanShirley Anne Field as SusanSource: BFIProductionThe film was based on the Messina vice gang who operated in the West End ofLondon. Its original title was Women of Night then Not for Love before being changed to The Flesh is Weak.ReceptionThe film was a box office success - according to Variety it was the fourth highest grossing film inEngland. The movie is not listed in Kinematograph Weekly as one of the most popular British films of 1957 but that magazine did say the movie was "enjoying a triumphant West End run".The reception to the filmenabled the producer and director to raise finance for another movie, A Question of Adultery.Passage 4:Blonde in BondageBlonde in Bondage (Swedish: Blondin i fara) is a 1957 Swedish drama crime film directed byRobert Brandt, who also wrote lyrics to the film's two songs.  Distributors Corporation of America released the film in the US as a double feature with The Flesh Is Weak. It was shot at the Metronome Studios inStockholm.PlotNew York City reporter Larry Brand is sent to Stockholm to do a story on Swedish morals.  A traffic accident leads him into rescuing a strip tease artiste from drug addiction and pits him against a ruthlesscriminal gang.CastMark Miller as Larry BrandAnita Thallaug as Mona MaceLars Ekborg as MaxRuth Johansson as LailaBirgitta Ander as BirgittaEva Laräng as IngridAnita Strindberg as Telephone operator (credited asAnita Edberg)Erik Strandmark as OlleStig Järrel as KreugerBörje Mellvig as Chief InspectorDangy Helander as a ProstituteNorma Sjöholm as a second ProstituteSangrid Nerf as a taxi driverAlexander von Baumgarten asKuger's valetJohn Starck ...  Chief of guardsSoundtrackThe Blues Music by Ulf CarlénLyrics by Robert BrandtShock Around the ClockMusic by Ulf Carlén Lyrics by Robert BrandtExternal linksBlonde in Bondage atIMDbPassage 5:But the Flesh Is WeakBut the Flesh Is Weak is a 1932 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Jack Conway and written by Ivor Novello based on his 1928 play The Truth Game. The film stars RobertMontgomery, Nora Gregor, Heather Thatcher, Edward Everett Horton, C. Aubrey Smith and Nils Asther. The film was released on April 9, 1932, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.  But the Flesh Is Weak was remade in 1941 asFree and Easy.PlotMax Clement and his father Florian, short of money, take advantage of wealthy British women by romancing them. Max's problem is that he is far more attracted to more attractive women, oneswithout the means to support him.While seeing a pleasant but plain Lady Joan Culver socially, Max is introduced to Austrian widow Rosine Brown, quickly falling in love with her. Max is persistent in his romanticadvances, but Rosine reveals that she is penniless and, much like Max, counting on a richer but less exciting man, Sir George Kelvin, to marry and take care of her.Florian's gambling losses in the casino leave himheavily in debt. The only way Max knows how to aid his father is by marrying Lady Joan, who can afford to solve his financial difficulties. Max's guilty conscience and true love lead him back to Rosine, and the suddenengagement of Florian to a wealthy woman helps bring everyone together.CastRobert Montgomery as Max ClementNora Gregor as Mrs. Rosine BrownHeather Thatcher as Lady Joan CulverEdward Everett Horton as SirGeorge KelvinC. Aubrey Smith as Florian ClementNils Asther as Prince PaulFrederick Kerr as Duke of HampshireEva Moore as Lady Florence RidgwayForrester Harvey as GoochDesmond Roberts as FindleyPassage 6:TheFleshThe Flesh (Italian: La carne) is a 1991 Italian drama film directed by Marco Ferreri. It was entered into the 1991 Cannes Film Festival.PlotPaolo is a municipal employee, who in his spare time works at the piano barof a club, is divorced and has two children who live with his ex-wife. Paolo often recalls his mother and his First Communion, with which he seems to live a totalizing experience in the divine.In his friend Nicola'snightclub, Paolo meets the young Francesca, back from a relationship with an Indian guru, who has just had an abortion and is alone. Intimacy develops between the two: according to Paolo, this is the victory of theultra sex and of the fusion that completes and exalts everything, a fusion that Francesca assures him thanks to a special oriental technique, which allows the partner a state of permanent efficiency.They shut themselvesup in his beach house south of Rome where, after filling the fridge, they spend their time eating and making love, interrupted only by a quick incursion of Paolo's two sons visiting him and a small group of friends. ButFrancesca at a given moment thinks of leaving for other shores, while Paolo understands that in order to "communicate" there is really only one alternative: either to love each other totally, or to tear apart thatvoluptuous female body, put it in the fridge and eat it by the sea in front of the sun. Thus, after having made animalistic love in the kennel of the beloved dog Giovanni, Paolo's insane anxiety is satisfied: he killsFrancesca, cuts her up and keeps her in the refrigerator, eating her piece by piece.CastSergio Castellitto - PaoloFrancesca Dellera - FrancescaPhilippe LéotardFarid ChopelPetra ReinhardtGudrun GundelachNicolettaBorisClelia PiscitelliElena WiedermannSonia TopazioFulvio FalzaranoPino ToscaEleonora CecereMatteo RipaldiDaniele FralassiSalvatore EspositoPassage 7:Don ChaffeyDonald Chaffey (5 August 1917 – 13 November1990) was a British film director, writer, producer, and art director.Chaffey's film career began as an art director in 1947, and his directorial debut was in 1953.  He remained active in the industry until his death in 1990from heart failure. His film Charley One-Eye (1973) was entered into the 24th Berlin International Film Festival.He is chiefly remembered for his fantasy films, which include Jason and the Argonauts (1963), The ThreeLives of Thomasina (1963), One Million Years B.C. (1966), The Viking Queen (1967), Creatures the World Forgot (1971), Pete's Dragon (1977), and C.H.O.M.P.S. (1979), his final feature film.Concurrent with histheatrically released films, Chaffey directed episodes of numerous British television series, including multiple installments of Danger Man, The Prisoner, and The Avengers.  From the 1980s until his death, all of his workwas in American made-for-TV movies, and in such TV series as Fantasy Island, Stingray, MacGyver, Vega$, T. J. Hooker, Matt Houston, and Charlie's Angels.CareerChaffey began his career in the art department ofGainsborough Productions where he worked as a draftsman on Madonna of the Seven Moons (1945), The Rake's Progress (1945), and Caravan (1946). He was art director of The Adventures of Dusty Bates (1947) andThe Little Ballerina (1948). He directed the documentary shorts Thames Tideway (1948) and Cape Cargoes (1948).Chaffey directed the short features The Mysterious Poacher (1950) and The Case of the Missing Scene(1950). He returned to the art department for King of the Underworld (1950), The Stolen Plans (1952), Murder at the Grange (1952), Murder at Scotland Yard (1952), and Black 13 (1953).DirectorChaffey resumed hisdirecting career with the family film Skid Kids (1953). He made the short Watch Out (1953), then did Strange Stories (1953), Bouncer Breaks Up (1953, a short), The Mask (1952), and A Good Pull Up (1953).Chaffeydirected Time Is My Enemy (1954). After the short Dead on Time (1955) he made The Secret Tent (1956), The Flesh Is Weak (1957) and The Girl in the Picture (1957). He also directed "The Man Upstairs" (1958)starring Richard Attenborough.He directed episodes of TV series like Theatre Royal, The Adventures of the Big Man, Chevron Hall of Stars, The Errol Flynn Theatre, Assignment Foreign Legion, The Adventures of RobinHood, Dial 999, and The New Adventures of Charlie Chan. He interspersed these with features like A Question of Adultery (1958), The Man Upstairs (1958), Danger Within (1959), Dentist in the Chair (1960), Lies MyFather Told Me (1960), and Nearly a Nasty Accident (1961).Disney and FantasyHe did Greyfriars Bobby: The True Story of a Dog (1961) then A Matter of WHO (1961), a version of The Prince and the Pauper (1962) forDisney, and The Webster Boy (1962).He had a big hit with Jason and the Argonauts (1963) with Ray Harryhausen. Then it was back to Disney for The Three Lives of Thomasina (1963).Chaffey directed They All DiedLaughing (1964), The Crooked Road (1965), and One Million Years B.C. (1966) for Hammer. He returned to television to do episodes of Danger Man, The Baron, The Prisoner, Man in a Suitcase, Journey to the Unknown,The Avengers, The Pathfinders, and The Protectors.Chaffey did The Viking Queen (1967) for Hammer, A Twist of Sand (1968), Creatures the World Forgot (1971) for Hammer, Clinic Exclusive (1973), Charley-One-Eye(1973), and Persecution (1974).Australia and US TVChaffey went to Australia where he directed Ben Hall (1975), Ride a Wild Pony (1975), The Fourth Wish (1976), and Shimmering Light (1978).He worked in Americatoo making CHiPs, Pete's Dragon (1977) for Disney, The Magic of Lassie (1978), Lassie: A New Beginning (1978), The Gift of Love (1978), C.H.O.M.P.S. (1979), and Casino (1980).He eventually focused almostexclusively on episodic TV: Vega$, Charlie's Angels, Strike Force, Fantasy Island, Gavilan, The Renegade, Lottery!, Hotel, Matt Houston, Finder of Lost Loves, International Airport (1985, a pilot), Spenser: For Hire,Hollywood Beat, Airwolf, Hunter, Outlaws, MacGyver, Stingray and Mission: Impossible.Personal lifeChaffey married American actress Paula Kelly in 1985 and they had one child together. Chaffey died of a heart attackin 1990.FilmographyFilmTelevisionPassage 8:Promise of the FleshPromise of the Flesh (Korean:  ; RR: Yukche-ui yaksok) is a 1975 South Korean film directed by Kim Ki-young.PlotA melodrama about a femaleprisoner who meets a man while on leave to visit her mother's grave. Not knowing that the man is a thief, she promises to meet him at a park two years later, after she is released from prison.CastKim Ji-meeLeeJung-gilPark Jung-jaPark AmJo Jae-seongHan Se-hunYu Chun-suYeo Han-dongKim Chung-chulLee Yong-hoAwardsGrand Bell Awards (1975)Best Actress (Kim Ji-mee)Best Supporting Actress (ParkJung-ja)NotesBibliographyBerry, Chris. "Promise of the Flesh". The House of Kim Ki-young. Archived from the original on 2004-05-05. Retrieved 2008-01-21.Berry, Chris. "Whose Story Is It? Gender, Narrative andNarration in Promise of the Flesh". The House of Kim Ki-young. Archived from the original on 2004-05-05. Retrieved 2008-01-21."Kim, Ki-young Master of Madness (From the 41st San Francisco International FilmFestival)". www.cinekorea.com. Archived from the original on 2008-02-12. Retrieved 2008-01-19.External linksPromise of the Flesh at IMDbPassage 9:G. W. PabstGeorg Wilhelm Pabst (25 August 1885 – 29 May 1967)was an Austrian film director and screenwriter. He started as an actor and theater director, before becoming one of the most influential German-language filmmakers during the Weimar Republic.Early yearsPabst wasborn in Raudnitz, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary (today's Roudnice nad Labem, Czech Republic), the son of a railroad official. While growing up in Vienna, he studied drama at the Academy of Decorative Arts and initiallybegan his career as a stage actor in Switzerland, Austria and Germany. In 1910, Pabst traveled to the United States, where he worked as an actor and director at the German Theater in New York City.In 1914, hedecided to become a director, and he returned to recruit actors in Europe. Pabst was in France when World War I began, he was arrested and held as an enemy alien and interned in a prisoner-of-war camp near Brest.While imprisoned, Pabst organised a theatre group at the camp and directed French-language plays. Upon his release in 1919, he returned to Vienna, where he became director of the Neue Wiener Bühne, anavant-garde theatre.CareerPabst began his career as a film director at the behest of Carl Froelich who hired Pabst as an assistant director. He directed his first film, The Treasure, in 1923. He developed a talent for"discovering" and developing the talents of actresses, including Greta Garbo, Asta Nielsen, Louise Brooks, and Leni Riefenstahl.Pabst's best known films concern the plight of women, including The Joyless Street (1925)with Greta Garbo and Asta Nielsen, Secrets of a Soul (1926) with Lili Damita, The Loves of Jeanne Ney (1927) with Brigitte Helm, and Pandora's Box (1929) and Diary of a Lost Girl (1929) with American actress LouiseBrooks. He also co-directed with Arnold Fanck a mountain film entitled The White Hell of Pitz Palu (1929) starring Leni Riefenstahl.After the coming of sound, he made a trilogy of films that secured his reputation:Westfront 1918 (1930), The Threepenny Opera (1931) with Lotte Lenya (based on the Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill musical), and Kameradschaft (1931). Pabst also filmed three versions of Pierre Benoit's novelL'Atlantide in 1932, in German, English, and French, titled Die Herrin von Atlantis, The Mistress of Atlantis, and L'Atlantide, respectively. In 1933, Pabst directed Don Quixote, once again in German, English, and Frenchversions.After making A Modern Hero (1934) in the USA and Street of Shadows (1937) in France, Pabst (who was planning to emigrate to the United States) was caught in France in 1939, when war was declared, whilstvisiting his mother, and was forced to return to Nazi Germany. Under the auspices of propaganda minister, Josef Goebbels, Pabst made two films in Germany during this period: The Comedians (1941) and Paracelsus(1943).Pabst directed four opera productions in Italy in 1953: La forza del destino for the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino in Florence (conducted by Dimitri Mitropoulos, the cast included Renata Tebaldi, Fedora Barbieri,Mario del Monaco, Aldo Protti, Cesare Siepi), and a few weeks later, for the Arena di Verona Festival, a spectacular Aïda, with Maria Callas in the title role (conducted by Tullio Serafin, with del Monaco), Il trovatore andagain La forza del destino.He directed The Last Ten Days (1955), the first post-war German feature film to feature Adolf Hitler as a character.DeathOn 29 May 1967, Pabst died in Vienna at the age of 81. He wasinterred at the Zentralfriedhof in Vienna.Awards1941, Venice Film Festival: Gold Medal of the Biennale for Best Director for his film The ComediansFilmographySee alsoMax Deutsch, composerPassage 10:Devil in theFlesh 2Devil in the Flesh 2 (also known as Teacher's Pet) is a 2000 erotic thriller film directed by Marcus Spiegel. It is a sequel to Devil in the Flesh (1998), which stars Rose McGowan.PlotDebbie Strand a beautifulpsychopath, escapes from the mental institution she was sent off to in the first installment of the series. After a teenage girl who took Debbie in her car dies when retreating from Debbie and accidentally impalingherself, Debbie steals both the girl's identity and her car, and heads off to the college the dead girl was supposed to attend as a freshman.There, Debbie instantly develops a psychotic crush on her dashing writingprofessor, Dr. Sam Deckner after being impressed by their shared interests as well as his personality on their first interaction. Debbie assumed the role of a wealthy man's daughter while going by the deceased girl'sname "Tracy Carlay" as her new identity. She is checked into same room with Laney, a naive girl who she soon influences. Further interactions with Sam renders Debbie further psychotic and in order to strengthen theirlove she soon begins killing anyone who she believes served as a threat to their perceived relationship.Laney, her computer-literate roommate discovers the truth about Debbie's past, and instantly panics then falls toher death after being agitated by Debbie's presence. Debbie described this as a suicide to the cops and soon begins to stalk Sam, unable to move on from their earlier intimate encounter. She repeatedly threatens Carla,Sam's girlfriend, especially after Carla revealed to Sam she was pregnant by him. Debbie, out of jealousy,  throws a stone at the glass window while the couple were getting intimate and prompted a policeinquiry.Debbie becomes more unhinged and at night, goes over to Carla's house, finds a knife and lurked around, intent on murdering Carla but is hindered by the presence of two cops both of whom she woundedbefore inadvertently stabbing herself in a scuffle with Sam.The film ends with a stabbed Debbie being picked off the road by the father of the real Tracy Carlay, the teenage girl who had picked up Debbie in the film'sopening. Tracy's father comments on Debbie's striking resemblance with his daughter and made mention of his daughter's troubles at school.CastJodi Lyn O'Keefe as Debbie Strand /Tracy CarlayJsu Garcia as SamDecknerSarah Lancaster as Tracy CarlayKatherine Kendall as Carla BriggsJeanette Brox as LaneyChristiana Frank as Sydney HollingsTodd Robert Anderson as Deputy Toby TaylorBill Gratton as Sheriff Bill Taylor


Passage 1:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986)(mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild,Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)Passage 2:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director whohas worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director of theToledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currentlylives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019,he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career in IrelandKennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A.(1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history.He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and inIreland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was Assistant Director at the NationalGallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003. In September 1997 hebecame Director of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery of Australia (NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows ofAustralian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annualvisitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions.During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significantprivate donations and corporate sponsorship. However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project wasnot delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later.  Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editionedprints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive. He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace,which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above).Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seenby some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor.However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi andattracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn. Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous. The then-mayor ofNew York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion." In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition andstated that the events in New York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art". He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far."Kennedy was also repeatedlyquestioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA'stwenty-year-old air-conditioning system. The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003. Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term ashad his two predecessors.He became a joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003.Toledo Museum of ArtThe Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings and sculpture,glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke. The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the field of art education.  During his tenure, Kennedy has focused themuseum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read, understand and write visual language."   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff,docents, volunteers and the launch of a website, www.vislit.org. In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so. Kennedy has been afrequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy.Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenouspeoples. Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy and Mary Sibande have been acquired.  In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and LucaGiordano.During his tenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold to the museum.  In2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015.HoodMuseum of ArtKennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July 2005. During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publicationsto bring greater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions. At 70,000 objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections onany American college of university campus. The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body, toured several US venues. Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art,with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually. Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of StoneSteles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons.PublicationsKennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:AlfredChester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics, Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990),ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), NationalGallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers(November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art(October 2010), ISBN 978-0-944722-39-8Honors and achievementsKennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art. He is a trustee and treasurer of theAssociation of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the International Association of Art Critics. In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at theUniversity of Toledo and received an honorary doctorate from Lourdes University. Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for arteducation.== Notes ==Passage 3:George L. CoxGeorge L. Cox (1878–1947) was an American actor and film director.Selected filmographyThe House of Toys (1920)The Gamesters (1920)The Week-End (1920)TheThirtieth Piece of Silver (1920)A Light Woman (1920)The Blue Moon (1920)Sunset Jones (1921)Payment Guaranteed (1921)Their Mutual Child (1921)Passage 4:The Dangerous TalentThe Dangerous Talent is a lost1920 silent film  directed by George L. Cox and starring Margarita Fischer and Harry Hilliard. It was released by Pathé Exchange.CastMargarita Fischer - Leila MeadHarry Hilliard - Gilbert EllisBeatrice Van - MildredSheddHarvey Clark - HortonNeil Hardin - Bob AmesGeorge Periolat - Peyton DodgeMae Talbot - A DerelictPassage 5:Dana BlanksteinDana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of the SamSpiegel Film and Television School. She was appointed by the board of directors  in November 2019.  Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television. She is a film director, and an Israeliculture entrepreneur.BiographyDana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatre director Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein. She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv.Blanksteingraduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with high honors. During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina's Tragedies and toRenen Schorr on his film The Loners.  She also directed and shot 'the making of' film on Gavison's film Lost and Found. Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival, 2007.Film andacademic careerAfter her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and television department at the Kfar Saba municipality. The department encouraged and promoted productions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, aswell as the established cultural projects, and educational community activities.Blankstein directed the mini-series "Tel Aviviot" (2012). From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television.InNovember 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed the new director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees the Sam Spiegel International Film Lab. In 2022, she spearheaded thelaunch of the new Series Lab and the film preparatory program for Arabic speakers in east Jerusalem.FilmographyTel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director andscreenwriter, 2008)Camping (debut film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)Passage 6:S. N. MathurS.N. Mathur was the Director of the Indian Intelligence Bureau between September 1975 and February1980. He was also the Director General of Police in Punjab.Passage 7:Jesse E. HobsonJesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director of SRI International from 1947 to 1955. Prior to SRI, hewas the director of the Armour Research Foundation.Early life and educationHobson was born in Marshall, Indiana. He received bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhDin electrical engineering from the California Institute of Technology. Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstanding engineer.Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had fivechildren.CareerAwards and membershipsHobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948.Passage 8:Jason Moore (director)Jason Moore (born October 22, 1970) is an American director of film, theatre and television.Life andcareerJason Moore was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas, and studied at Northwestern University. Moore's Broadway career began as a resident director of Les Misérables at the Imperial Theatre in during its original run.He is the son of Fayetteville District Judge Rudy Moore.In March 2003, Moore directed the musical Avenue Q, which opened Off-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatre and then moved to Broadway at the John GoldenTheatre in July 2003.  He was nominated for a 2004 Tony Award for his direction. Moore also directed productions of the musical in Las Vegas and London and the show's national tour. Moore directed the 2005Broadway revival of Steel Magnolias and Shrek the Musical, starring Brian d'Arcy James and Sutton Foster which opened on Broadway in 2008. He directed the concert of Jerry Springer — The Opera at Carnegie Hall inJanuary 2008.Moore, Jeff Whitty, Jake Shears, and John "JJ" Garden worked together on a new musical based on Armistead Maupin's Tales of the City. The musical premiered at the American Conservatory Theater, SanFrancisco, California in May 2011 and ran through July 2011.For television, Moore has directed episodes of Dawson's Creek, One Tree Hill, Everwood, and Brothers & Sisters. As a writer, Moore adapted the play TheFloatplane Notebooks with Paul Fitzgerald from the novel by Clyde Edgerton. A staged reading of the play was presented at the New Play Festival at the Charlotte, North Carolina Repertory Theatre in 1996, with a fullystaged production in 1998.In 2012, Moore made his film directorial debut with Pitch Perfect, starring Anna Kendrick and Brittany Snow. He also served as an executive producer on the sequel. He directed the filmSisters, starring Tina Fey and Amy Poehler, which was released on December 18, 2015. Moore's next project will be directing a live action Archie movie.FilmographyFilmsPitch Perfect (2012)Sisters (2015)ShotgunWedding (2022)TelevisionSoundtrack writerPitch Perfect 2 (2015) (Also executive producer)The Voice (2015) (1 episode)Passage 9:Olav AaraasOlav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museumdirector.He was born in Fredrikstad. From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to 2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the Norwegian Museumof Cultural History. In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.Passage 10:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed alarge number of credits directing episodic television and television films. Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant,Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990),Queen Sized (2008) and among other films. He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming a director,Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions. He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army. He trained at theCarnegie Mellon University. Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company. He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [theHardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company.


Passage 1:Traces of DeathTraces of Death is a 1993 Z movie mondo shockumentary that consists of various scenes of stock footage depicting death and real scenes of violence.Unlike most earlier Faces of Death whichusually included fake deaths and reenactments, Traces consists mostly of actual footage depicting death and injury, and consists also of public domain footage from other films. It was written and narrated by DamonFox.Since its release, Traces of Death has been followed by four sequels. The first sequel, Traces of Death II, was released in June 1994. This was followed by Traces of Death III in December 1994, Traces of Death IV:Resurrected in 1996 and Traces of Death V: Back in Action in April 2000.Film contentIn the first two films of the series, Damon Fox was the narrator. Darrin Ramage, who would later become the founder of BrainDamage Films, would become the host for the third, fourth and fifth volumes. Unlike Faces of Death, the footage throughout the entire films are real and are not staged or reenacted. Starting with Traces of Death II,scenes were accompanied by background music from death metal and grindcore bands.Also contained in the series, especially in the first one, is footage of step-by-step autopsy procedures, which are shown from acoroner's point of view. Most of the other footage is recognizably notable. Among the footage samples seen on Traces of Death and in the sequels that followed are listed below.Traces of Death (1993)The 1993 murderof Maritza Martin MunozThe 1988 police chase of armed bank robber Phillip HutchinsonThe 1980 Iranian Embassy siegeThe 1989 suicide attempt of Terry RosslandThe 1984 race car crash of Ricky RuddThe 1990 racecar crash of Allan McNishThe 1990 racing incident of Willy T. RibbsThe 1992 racing crash of Kerry MadsenThe 1986 Rally de Portugal crashThe 1992 crash of the monster truck Bad MedicineThe 1966 motorcycle stuntcrash of Evel KnievelThe 1967 Caesar Palace jump stunt crash of Evel KnievelThe 1990 Dinamo–Red Star riotThe 1986 Calgary Stampede chuckwagon accidentThe 1989 horse riding accident of Bill PeckThe 1990parachute skydiving accident of Mike Mcgee and Greg JonesThe 1992 Maracanã Stadium collapseAnatoly Kvochur's plane at the 1989 Paris Air Show crashing after a birdstrikeThe 1987 press conference suicide of R.Budd DwyerThe first film of the series also contains allegedly staged footage from Savage Man Savage Beast, where a tourist, Pit Dernitz supposedly gets mauled and eaten by African lions.Other scenes that featureanimals include undated footage of a pig experiment by military scientists at the Burn Center in Fort Sam Houston (derived from a 1987 mondo film entitled True Gore), an animal control officer, Florence Crowell beingattacked by a pit bull in Los Angeles, California in 1987, and a black bear getting shocked off a utility pole in Albuquerque, New Mexico in 1989.The first two films both contain scenes of sex reassignment surgery, whichis featured in the 1974 mondo film Shocking Asia. Some autopsy footages were taken from the 1961 U.S. Army training film Basic Autopsy Procedure.Also included is an interview with James Vance, who had attemptedsuicide with a shotgun at a church playground in Sparks, Nevada (taken from the documentary Dream Deceivers).The only known footage showing evidence of Ilse Koch is included as well.Traces of Death II(1994)Iranian soldiers slaughtered by the Iraqi Regime during the Iran–Iraq WarThe 1981 assassination of Anwar SadatBoston bomb expert Randolph G. LaMattina blasted in the face by a pipe bomb following itsremoval in 1985 [1]A robber blowing himself up after holding up a bank and being cornered by police at gunpoint in León, Spain in 1983A 1984 fire in a Rio de Janeiro apartment building, which led to four women fallingto their deathsThe 1974 Joelma fireThe 1979 Egyptian Embassy Siege in Ankara, TurkeyThe 1983 public execution of double murderer Ibrahim TarrafAnimal attacks such as a rodeo horse stomping its rider's face andgoring from running of the bullsThe 1963 self-immolation of Vietnamese monk Thích Quảng ĐứcNelson Piquet fighting with Eliseo Salazar after a collision during the 1982 German Grand PrixA brawl at a pressconference in Salt Lake City, UtahThe 1985 Sanrizuka Struggle riotsThe 1980 Scottish Cup Final riotFootball hooliganism in Germany in 1988The 1985 Heysel Stadium disasterA courtroom outburst in Mobile, Alabama,in 1992Riots in Seoul, South Korea in 1987The death of Karl WallendaThe 1984 shooting of Jeff Doucet by Gary PlauchéThe 1986 Peruvian prison massacresThe 1987 assault on Prime Minister Rajiv GandhiThe executionof Ishola OyenusiA 1984 hot air balloon accidentThe murder of Mark KilroyA deadly airshow crash in San Diego in 1978A Blue Angels air show crash in 1985The Controlled Impact DemonstrationThe 1988 crash of AirFrance Flight 296The 1981 Belgian Grand Prix racing crashThe 1966 Indy 500 crashThe death of Eddie SachsThe death of Riccardo PalettiThere is one unusual piece of footage taken at a monster truck show inBaltimore, Maryland, on March 23, 1992. What makes this footage so unusual is that the robot transformer at the show malfunctioned. A large rod from the malfunctioning robot went into the actor of the alien suit'schest, and exploded.Another notable air show crash in the film took place in Plainview, Texas, on September 11, 1983, where the pilot lost both his plane's wings in mid-air and plummeted into the field below. There aremany other various plane crashes and race car crashes during the middle and towards the end of the film.Traces of Death III (1995)The first Markale Massacre in 1994The 1994 Hadera bus station suicidebombingKillings of children during the Algerian Civil WarNecklacing in South AfricaVillager killings during the 1984 elections in El SalvadorEl Cordobés during his career in the bullringThe Sabra and Shatila MassacreThe1991 discovery of ÖtziA 1988 crash involving the monster truck Wild Stang, which was one of the first monster truck crashes to be captured on filmThe 1985 race car crash of Bosco LoweRare scenes of body parts fromvictims of the Cambodian genocide and Burundian Genocide in 1972The assassination of a Haitian lawyer in 1994The 1994 assassination of Luis Donaldo ColosioDiscoveries of skeletal remains in the Killing Fields inCambodiaThe third edition starts with crime scenes in urban American cities such as New York City, ranging from murders to traffic crashes. These pieces look as if taken from the '60s and '70s.This volume also showswhat it is like to survive an attack, as in a 1991 press conference of Frank Tempest, an English man disfigured in the face when he was attacked by two pit bulls.Also included is graphic content of gang violence inRussia, various motocross and amateur race car crashes, and cockfighting held in the Philippines.Traces of Death IV (1996)The 1972 assassination attempt of George WallaceThe stunt accident of Alexandre KareemThe1992 Agdam Massacre, which was a massacre of Azerbaijanian civilians by Armenian militants during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.Executions of Kurdish civilians during the Anfal GenocideA terrorist attack on ayacht perpetrated by the PLO in Cyprus in 1985.The Amiriyah shelter bombingThe 1968 execution Of Nguyễn Văn LémRiots in Seoul, South Korea in 1994 and 1987.Riots in Moscow, Russia, in 1993Bosnian soldierscaught in sniper crossfire during the Bosnian WarThe 1984 Kent and Dollar Farm massacresA 1986 stabbing attack in East Jerusalem, where a Palestinian terrorist is shot in the head by Israeli soldiers after theywitnessed him stab a Jewish resident to death in the town square.A mortar attack in Bosnia that killed six people waiting for water in 1993.A mortar attack in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia) that killed 16 civilians inline for water and bread on May 27, 1992.Villager killings during the 1984 elections in El SalvadorAnother piece of notable footage in the fourth volume is a moose killing a man in Anchorage, Alaska on January 9,1995.Towards the start of the film graphic photographs of birth defects are shown.There is also footage of traffic crashes from the graphic driving education film, Signal 30.Traces of Death V (2000)The 1980 murders ofU.S. missionaries in El SalvadorThe 1998 Cúa hostage crisisThe 1992 attack on Reginald DennyThe 1990 Poll Tax RiotsThe 1990 Temple Mount riots in Al Aqsa, Jerusalem, IsraelSouth Korean student clashing with riotpoliceThe 1998 suicide of Daniel V. Jonesbackyard wrestlingThe last volume starts with three police chases. The first was in Los Angeles in June 1996. The second was also in Los Angeles, but it took place in June 1995.The third took place in Whittier, California in September 1995. All were televised live by helicopter pilot Zoey Tur.SoundtrackThe music clearance were provided by Subtempeco Muzik (pseudonymously credited asT.O.D.), which derived from various film soundtracks. Later in Traces of Death 3, the first soundtrack album was released on CD. The soundtrack for the first installment were tracks by J.R. Bookwalter from the 1989film Robot Ninja.Traces of Death III SoundtrackThe soundtrack for Traces Of Death III was released on CD by Relapse Records in 1995. The music featured in the film include:Regina Confessorum by Dead WorldOrgy OfSelf-Mutilation by Dead WorldBrainpan Blues by Pungent StenchRevenge by Core (band)Traces Of Death by Mortician (band)Frozen In Time by KataklysmSlaughtered by Hypocrisy (band)Stained by PurgeSadistic Intentby Sinister (band)Violent Generation by Brutality (band)Skin Her Alive by Dismember (band)Into The Bizarre by Deceased (band)Low by GorefestVanished by MeshuggahOpen Season by Exit-13Nightstalker by Macabre(band)Blood Everywhere by Dead WorldDown On Whores by Benediction (band)God Is A Lie by Hypocrisy (band)Bodily Dismemberment by Repulsion (band)Darkened Soul by Core (band)I Lead You Towards GloriousTimes by MerzbowHome mediaIn 2003, a box set of the entire series was released on DVD by Brain Damage Films.ControversyThe original Traces of Death has run into controversy worldwide due to its graphic content.In 1997, Amy Hochberg, a woman living in Coaldale, Pennsylvania rented the film from a video store and was so disgusted by the film's content that she considered keeping the tape to prevent children from procuring itfrom the store. She also contacted multiple animal rights groups after witnessing a scene in the film wherein a pig is experimented on with a blowtorch. She also lodged a complaint with the video store she had rented itfrom, as she thought the film was simply "911 calls with a little more".In 2003, a DVD boxset of the film and its sequels were confiscated by the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, after being deemed to"contravene Regulation 4A(1A)(a) of the Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulations."In 2005, the British Board of Film Classification refused to give the first film an age certificate, effectively banning it. The BBFCconsidered the film to have "no journalistic, educational or other justifying context for the images shown", while also suggesting that the film could potentially breach UK law under the Obscene Publications Act.SeealsoBanned from TelevisionPassage 2:Ravina (actress)Ravina is an Indian actress who acted in Dhallywood movies. She acted in the 1997 film Praner Cheye Priyo with Riaz. She also appeared in Sabdhan and Dolopoti,again opposite Riaz.Selected filmographyPraner Cheye PriyoSabdhanDolopotiPassage 3:QuerelleQuerelle is a 1982 West German-French English-language arthouse film directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder and starringBrad Davis, adapted from French author Jean Genet's 1947 novel Querelle of Brest. It was Fassbinder's last film, released shortly after his death at the age of 37.PlotThe plot centers on the handsome Belgian sailorGeorges Querelle, who is also a thief and murderer. When his ship, Le Vengeur, arrives in Brest, he visits the Feria, a bar and brothel for sailors run by the Madame Lysiane, whose lover, Robert, is Querelle's brother.Querelle has a love/hate relationship with his brother: when they meet at La Feria, they embrace, but also punch one another slowly and repeatedly in the belly. Lysiane's husband Nono works behind the bar and alsomanages La Feria's underhanded affairs with the assistance of his friend, the corrupt police captain Mario.Querelle makes a deal to sell opium to Nono. During the execution of the deal, he murders his accomplice Vic byslitting his throat.  After delivering the drugs, Querelle announces that he wants to sleep with Lysiane.  He knows that this means he will have to throw dice with Nono, who has the privilege of playing a game of chancewith all of her prospective lovers. If Nono loses, the suitor is allowed to proceed with his affair. If the suitor loses, however, he must submit to anal sex with Nono first, according to Nono's maxim that "That way, I cansay my wife only sleeps with arseholes." Querelle deliberately loses the game, allowing himself to be sodomized by Nono. When Nono gloats about Querelle's "loss" to Robert, who won his dice game, the brothers endup in a violent fight.  Later, Querelle becomes Lysiane's lover, and also has sex with Mario.Luckily for Querelle, a builder, Gil, murders his work mate Theo, who had been harassing and sexually assaulting him.  Gil hidesfrom the police in an abandoned prison, and Roger, who is in love with Gil, establishes contact between Querelle and Gil in the hopes that Querelle can help Gil flee. Querelle falls in love with Gil, who closely resembleshis brother.  Gil returns his affections, but Querelle betrays Gil by tipping off the police. Querelle cleverly arranged it so that the murder of Vic is also blamed on Gil.Querelle's superior, Lieutenant Seblon, is in love withQuerelle, and constantly tries to prove his manliness to him. Seblon is aware that Querelle murdered Vic, but chooses to protect him.  Later, Seblon reveals his love and concern to a drunken Querelle, and they kiss andembrace before returning to Le Vengeur.CastBrad Davis as QuerelleFranco Nero as Lieutenant SeblonJeanne Moreau as LysianeLaurent Malet as Roger BatailleHanno Pöschl as Robert / GilGünther Kaufmann asNonoBurkhard Driest as MarioRoger Fritz as MarcellinDieter Schidor as Vic RivetteNatja Brunckhorst as PauletteWerner Asam as WorkerAxel Bauer as WorkerNeil Bell as TheoRobert van Ackeren as DrunkenlegionnaireWolf Gremm as Drunken legionnaireFrank Ripploh as Drunken legionnaireProductionAccording to Genet's biographer Edmund White, Querelle was originally going to be made by Werner Schroeter, with ascenario by Burkhard Driest, and produced by Dieter Schidor. However, Schidor could not find the money to finance a film by Schroeter, and therefore turned to other directors, including John Schlesinger and SamPeckinpah, before finally settling on Fassbinder. Driest wrote a radically different script for Fassbinder, who then "took the linear narrative and jumbled it up". White quotes Schidor as saying "Fassbinder did somethingtotally different, he took the words of Genet and tried to meditate on something other than the story. The story became totally unimportant for him. He also said publicly that the story was a sort of third-rate policestory that wouldn't be worth making a movie about without putting a particular moral impact into it".Schroeter had wanted to make a black and white film with amateur actors and location shots, but Fassbinder insteadshot it with professional actors in a lurid, expressionist color, and on sets in the studio. Edmund White comments that the result is a film in which, "Everything is bathed in an artificial light and the architectural elementsare all symbolic."SoundtrackJeanne Moreau – "Each Man Kills the Things He Loves" (music by Peer Raben, lyrics from Oscar Wilde's poem "The Ballad of Reading Gaol")"Young and Joyful Bandit" (Music by Peer Raben,lyrics by Jeanne Moreau)Both songs were nominated to the 1984 Razzie Awards for "Worst Original Song".ReleaseQuerelle sold more than 100,000 tickets in the first three weeks after its release in Paris, the first timethat a film with a gay theme had achieved such success. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, which categorizes reviews as positive or negative only, the film has an approval rating of 57% calculated based on 14critics comments. By comparison, with the same opinions being calculated using a weighted arithmetic mean, the rating is 6.10/10. Writing for The New York Times critic Vincent Canby noted that Querelle was "amess...a detour that leads to a dead end."Penny Ashbrook calls Querelle Fassbinder's "perfect epitaph: an intensely personal statement that is the most uncompromising portrayal of gay male sensibility to come from amajor filmmaker." Edmund White considers Querelle the only film based on Genet's book that works, calling it "visually as artificial and menacing as Genet's prose." Genet, in discussion with Schidor, said that he hadnot seen the film, commenting "You can't smoke at the movies."Passage 4:J. Lee ThompsonJohn Lee Thompson (1 August 1914 – 30 August 2002) was a British film director, active in London and Hollywood, bestknown for award-winning films such as Woman in a Dressing Gown, Ice Cold in Alex and The Guns of Navarone along with cult classics like Cape Fear, Conquest of the Planet of the Apes and The White Buffalo.EarlylifeThompson was born in Bristol on 1 August 1914. His family had links to the theatre. Thompson studied at Dover College then went to work in the theatre, joining the Nottingham Repertory Company as an actor andstagehand. He later went to work for a repertory company in Croydon, Surrey.He wrote plays in his spare time, and had started when he was nine. One of them, Murder Happens? was performed at Croydon in 1934. Hissecond staged play, Double Error, had a brief West End run at the Fortune Theatre in 1935. An article from this time about the play said he had written 40 plays already, including four in between his first two stagedplays. A company worth £10,000 was formed to exploit Thompson's writings over the next seven years but this appears to have not had a long life.Thompson later said he had written a part for himself to perform, butwhen management asked him if he wanted to do so he said "of course not," and "the die was cast. Later I decided if I didn't have the guts to admit I wanted to play the role I should never act again and I neverdid."ScreenwriterThe film rights to Double Error were purchased for £100. Thompson was hired to work in the scriptwriting department at British International Pictures at Elstree Studios. While there he made his oneappearance as an actor in films, playing a small role in Midshipman Easy (1935).His first credit was The Price of Folly (1937), based on his play. He also worked on the scripts for Glamorous Night (1937), and he workedas dialogue coach on Jamaica Inn (1939), directed by Alfred Hitchcock.He wrote the scripts for The Middle Watch (1940), made at Associated British Picture Corporation (ABPC) and East of Piccadilly (1941).World WarIIThompson served in World War II as a tailgunner and wireless operator in the RAF. In 1942 a revised version of Double Error, titled Murder Without Crime, opened at the Comedy Theatre in London. The play had a runon Broadway in 1943.Post WarAfter the war Thompson returned to his work as scriptwriter under contract at Associated British on such films as No Place for Jennifer (1949) and For Them That Trespass (1949), thelatter starring Richard Todd in his debut.Thompson was dialogue director on The Hasty Heart (1949), which turned Todd into a star. He later said he gave up dialogue directing because he found the job "impossible. Myjob was to take stars through their lines but I felt that I was also expected to be a spy for the front office. If a word was altered they wanted to know why. It was a way of keeping control."The same year his play TheHuman Touch, co written with Dudley Leslie, ran for more than a hundred performances at the Savoy Theatre in a production starring Alec Guinness.British film directorEarly filmsHis first film as a director was MurderWithout Crime (1950), made at ABPC, who put Thompson under contract.  Thompson was offered £500 for the screen rights to the play and £500 to direct. He said "it was not so much that I wanted to direct movies itwas to get the money so I could continue writing plays. But while directing it I got the feeling that I wanted to be a movie director."Thompson said "the fact is I found directing to be much easier than writing and Ienjoyed it much more than writing as well. So I became a film director."The film was about a man who thinks he has committed murder. Thompson also wrote the screenplay, based on his own play Double Error. In thewords of Thompson's Screenonline profile "this well structured film went largely unnoticed but contained many of the themes which were to characterise Lee Thompson's work: a good person's struggle with their


Passage 1:Inoue Masaru (bureaucrat)Viscount Inoue Masaru ( , August 25, 1843 – August 2, 1910) was the first Director of Railways in Japan and is known as the "father of the Japanese railways".BiographyHe was born into the Chōshū clan at Hagi, Yamaguchi, the son of Katsuyuki Inoue. He was briefly adopted into the Nomura family and became known as Nomura Yakichi, though he was later restored to the Inoue family.Masaru Inoue was brought up as the son of a samurai belonging to the Chōshū fief. At 15, he entered the Nagasaki Naval Academy established by the Tokugawa shogunate under the direction of a Dutch naval officer. In 1863, Inoue and four friends from the Chōshū clan stowed away on a vessel to the United Kingdom. He studied civil engineering and mining at University College London and returned to Japan in 1868. After working for the government as a technical officer supervising the mining industry, he was appointed Director of the Railway Board in 1871. Inoue played a leading role in Japan's railway planning and construction, including the construction of the Nakasendo Railway, the selection of the alternative route (Tokaido), and the proposals for future mainline railway networks.In 1891 Masaru Inoue founded Koiwai Farm with Yanosuke Iwasaki and Shin Onogi.  After retirement from the government, Inoue founded Kisha Seizo Kaisha, the first locomotive manufacturer in Japan, becoming its first president in 1896. In 1909 he was appointed President of the Imperial Railway Association. He died of an illness in London in 1910, during an official visit on behalf of the Ministry of Railways.HonorsInoue and his friends later came to be known as the Chōshū Five. To commemorate their stay in London, two scholarships, known as the Inoue Masaru Scholarships, are available each session under the University College London 1863 Japan Scholarships scheme to enable University College students to study at a Japanese University. The value of the scholarships are £3000 each.His tomb is in the triangular area of land where the Tōkaidō Main Line meets the Tōkaidō Shinkansen in Kita-Shinagawa.Chōshū FiveThese are the four other members of the "Chōshū Five":Itō Shunsuke (later Itō Hirobumii)Inoue Monta (later Inoue Kaoru)Yamao Yōzō who later studied engineering at the Andersonian Institute, Glasgow, 1866-68 while working at the shipyards by dayEndō KinsukeSee alsoJapanese students in BritainStatue of Inoue MasaruPassage 2:Obata ToramoriObata Toramori (, 1491 – July 14, 1561) was Japanese samurai warrior of the Sengoku Period. He is known as one of the "Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen" He also recorded as having been wounded 41 times in 36 encounters. He was the father of Obata Masamori.See alsoIsao ObataPassage 3:Takayama TomoteruTakayama Tomoteru () (1531–1596) was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi–Momoyama period, who served Matsunaga Hisahide.He was the father of Takayama Ukon, and was a Kirishitan.Passage 4:Wendell WillkieWendell Lewis Willkie (born Lewis Wendell Willkie; February 18, 1892 – October 8, 1944) was an American lawyer, corporate executive and the 1940 Republican nominee for President. Willkie appealed to many convention delegates as the Republican field's only interventionist: although the U.S. remained neutral prior to Pearl Harbor, he favored greater U.S. involvement in World War II to support Britain and other Allies. His Democratic opponent, incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt, won the 1940 election with about 55% of the popular vote and took the electoral college vote by a wide margin.Willkie was born in Elwood, Indiana, in 1892; both his parents were lawyers, and he also became one. He served in World War I but was not sent to France until the final days of the war, and saw no action. Willkie settled in Akron, Ohio, where he was initially employed by Firestone, but left for a law firm, becoming one of the leaders of the Akron Bar Association. Much of his work was representing electric utilities, and in 1929 Willkie accepted a job in New York City as counsel for Commonwealth & Southern Corporation (C&S), a utility holding company. He was rapidly promoted, and became corporate president in 1933. Roosevelt was sworn in as U.S. president soon after Willkie became head of C&S, and announced plans for a Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) that would supply power in competition with C&S. Between 1933 and 1939, Willkie fought against the TVA before Congress, in the courts, and before the public. He was ultimately unsuccessful, but sold C&S's property for a good price, and gained public esteem.A longtime Democratic activist, Willkie changed his party registration to Republican in late 1939. He did not run in the 1940 presidential primaries, but positioned himself as an acceptable choice for a deadlocked convention. He sought backing from uncommitted delegates, while his supporters—many youthful—enthusiastically promoted his candidacy. As German forces advanced through western Europe in 1940, many Republicans did not wish to nominate an isolationist like Robert A. Taft, or a non-interventionist like Thomas E. Dewey, and turned to Willkie, who was nominated on the sixth ballot. Willkie's support for aid to Britain removed it as a major factor in his race against Roosevelt, and Willkie also backed the president on a peacetime draft. Both men took more isolationist positions towards the end of the race. Roosevelt won an unprecedented third term, taking 38 of the 48 states.After the election, Willkie made two wartime foreign trips as Roosevelt's informal envoy, and as nominal leader of the Republican Party gave the president his full support. This angered many conservatives, especially as Willkie increasingly advocated liberal or internationalist causes. Willkie ran for the Republican nomination in 1944, but bowed out after a disastrous showing in the Wisconsin primary in April. He and Roosevelt discussed the possibility of forming a liberal political party after the war, but Willkie died in October 1944 before the idea could bear fruit. Willkie is remembered for giving Roosevelt vital political assistance in 1941, which helped the president to pass Lend-Lease to send supplies to the United Kingdom and other Allied nations.Youth, education and World War I serviceLewis Wendell Willkie was born in Elwood, Indiana, on February 18, 1892, the son of Henrietta (Trisch) and Herman Francis Willkie. Both of his parents were lawyers, his mother being one of the first women admitted to the Indiana bar. His father was born in Germany, son of Joseph Wilhelm Willecke or Willcke, born 1826. His mother was born in Indiana, to German parents; his grandparents were involved in the unsuccessful 1848 revolutions in Germany. The Trisches initially settled in Kansas Territory but, as they were abolitionists, moved to Indiana after the territory was opened to slavery in the mid-1850s. Willkie was the fourth of six children, all intelligent, and learned skills during the nightly debates around the dinner table that would later serve him well.Although given the first name Lewis, Willkie was known from childhood by his middle name. Herman Willkie, who had come from Prussia with his parents at age four, was intensely involved in progressive politics, and in 1896 took his sons to a torchlight procession for Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan, who had come to Elwood during his campaign. The Willkie boys had a sidewalk fight with Republican youths, and though the Willkies won their battle, Bryan lost his to William McKinley. When Bryan ran again in 1900, he stayed overnight at the Willkie home, and the Democratic candidate for president became the first political hero for the boy who would later seek that office.By the time Willkie reached age 14 and enrolled in Elwood High School, his parents were concerned about a lack of discipline and a slight stoop, and they sent him to Culver Military Academy for a summer in an attempt to correct both. Willkie began to shine as a student in high school, inspired by his English teacher; one classmate said that Philip "Pat" Bing "fixed that boy up. He started preaching to Wendell to get to work and that kid went to town." Faced with a set of athletic brothers—Edward became an Olympic wrestler—Willkie joined the football team but had little success; he enjoyed the debate team more, but was several times disciplined for arguing with teachers. He was class president his final year, and president of the most prominent fraternity, but resigned from the latter when a sorority blackballed his girlfriend, Gwyneth Harry, as the daughter of immigrants.During Willkie's summer vacations from high school, he worked, often far from home. In 1909, aged 17, his journey took him from Aberdeen, South Dakota, where he rose from dishwasher to co-owner of a flophouse, to Yellowstone National Park, where he was fired after losing control of the horses drawing a tourist stagecoach. Back in Elwood, Herman Willkie was representing striking workers at the local tin plate factory, and in August journeyed with Wendell to Chicago in an attempt to get liberal attorney Clarence Darrow to take over the representation. They found Darrow willing, but at too high a price for the union to meet; Darrow told Wendell Willkie, "there is nothing unethical in being adequately compensated for advocating a cause in which you deeply believe."After graduation from Elwood High in January 1910, Willkie enrolled at Indiana University in Bloomington. There, he became a student rebel, chewing tobacco, reading Marx, and petitioning the faculty to add a course on socialism to the curriculum. He also involved himself in campus politics, successfully managing the campaign of future Indiana governor Paul McNutt for student office, but when Willkie ran himself, he was defeated. He graduated in June 1913, and to earn money for law school, taught high school history in Coffeyville, Kansas, coaching debaters and several sports teams. In November 1914, he left his job there for one as a lab assistant in Puerto Rico arranged by his brother Fred. Wendell Willkie's  commitment to social justice was deepened by the sight of workers suffering abuse there.Willkie enrolled at Indiana School of Law in late 1915. He was a top student, and graduated with high honors in 1916. At the commencement ceremony, with the state supreme court present, he gave a provocative speech criticizing his school. The faculty withheld his degree, but granted it after two days of intense debate. Willkie joined his parents' law firm, but volunteered for the United States Army on April 2, 1917, the day President Woodrow Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war against Germany. An army clerk transposed his first two names; with Willkie unwilling to invest the time to have the bureaucracy correct it, he kept his name as Wendell Lewis Willkie. Commissioned as a first lieutenant, Willkie was sent for artillery training. He arrived in France as the war was ending and  did not see combat. In January 1918 he married Edith Wilk, a librarian from Rushville, Indiana; the couple had one son, Philip. In France, Willkie was assigned to defending soldiers who had slipped away for time in Paris against orders. He was recommended for promotion to captain, but was discharged in early 1919 before the paperwork went through.Lawyer and executive (1919–1939)Akron attorney and activistDischarged from the army, Willkie returned to Elwood. He considered a run for Congress as a Democrat, but was advised that the district was so Republican he would be unlikely to keep the seat even if he could win it, and his chances might be better in a more urban area. Herman Willkie wanted Wendell and Robert to rejoin the family law firm, but Henrietta was opposed, feeling that opportunities in Elwood were too limited for her sons. She got her way, and in May 1919 Wendell Willkie successfully applied for a job with the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company in Akron, Ohio as head of the legal office that advised workers on wills and other personal matters. He was soon bored there, and on the advice of his wife, left for a law firm despite an offer from Harvey Firestone to double his salary. Firestone told the departing lawyer that he would never amount to anything because he was a Democrat.Willkie became active in the Akron Democratic Party, becoming prominent enough while still with Firestone to introduce the Democratic presidential nominee, Ohio Governor James M. Cox, when he came to town during the 1920 campaign. He was a delegate to the 1924 Democratic National Convention, and supported New York Governor Al Smith through the record 103 ballots, when the nomination fell to former West Virginia congressman John W. Davis. More important to Willkie, though, was a fight against the Ku Klux Klan, which had become powerful in much of the nation and in the Democratic Party, but he and other delegates were unsuccessful in their attempt to include a plank in the party platform condemning the Klan. He also backed a proposed plank in support of the League of Nations that ultimately failed. In 1925, Willkie led a successful effort to oust Klan members on the Akron school board.After leaving Firestone in 1920, Willkie joined leading Akron law firm Mather & Nesbitt, which represented several local public utilities. Although he quickly gained a reputation as a leading trial lawyer, he was especially noted for presenting utility cases before the Ohio Public Utilities Commission. In 1925, he became president of the Akron Bar Association. One of Willkie's clients, Ohio Power & Light, was owned by New York-based Commonwealth & Southern Corporation (C&S), whose chairman, B.C. Cobb, noticed him. Cobb wrote to the senior partner of Willkie's firm, "I think he is a comer and we should keep an eye on him." In 1929, Cobb offered Willkie a salary of $36,000 (equal to $613,535 today) to be corporate counsel to C&S, a job which would involve a move to New York, and Willkie accepted.Commonwealth & Southern executiveWendell and Edith Willkie moved to New York in October 1929, only weeks before the Wall Street Crash of 1929, and found an apartment overlooking Central Park. Initially intimidated by the size and anonymity of the big city, Wendell Willkie soon learned to love it. He attended the Broadway theatre, and read through ten newspapers each day. Willkie and his wife had little in common, and grew apart through the 1930s. He acquired a social life, and met Irita Van Doren, the book review editor of the New York Herald Tribune who became a friend, and later his lover. Cultured, brilliant and well connected, Van Doren introduced him to new books, new ideas, and new circles of friends. Unlike Van Doren, Willkie was indiscreet about their relationship, and their affair was well known to the reporters covering him during his 1940 presidential campaign. None of them printed a word.At C&S, Willkie rose rapidly under the eye of Cobb, impressing his superiors. Much of his work was outside New York City; Willkie was brought in to help try important cases or aid in the preparation of major legal briefs. Cobb, a pioneer in the electricity transmission business, had presided over the 1929 merger of 165 utilities that made C&S the largest electric utility holding company in the country. He promoted Willkie over 50 junior executives, designating the younger man as his successor. In January 1933, Willkie became president of C&S.Willkie maintained his interest in politics, and was a delegate to the 1932 Democratic National Convention. Since the incumbent Republican president, Herbert Hoover, was widely blamed for the Depression that had followed the stock market crash, the nominee would have a good chance of becoming president. The major candidates were Smith (the 1928 nominee), Smith's successor as New York's governor, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Speaker of the House John Nance Garner, and former Secretary of War Newton D. Baker. Willkie backed Baker, and was an assistant floor manager for his campaign. With a two-thirds majority needed to gain the Democratic presidential nomination, Willkie and others tried to deadlock the convention in the hope that it would turn to Baker. Roosevelt was willing to swing his votes to Baker in the event of a stalemate, but this did not occur, as Governor Roosevelt gained the nomination on the fourth ballot. Willkie, although disappointed, backed Roosevelt, and donated $150 to his successful campaign.TVA battleSoon after taking office, President Roosevelt proposed legislation creating the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), a government agency with far-reaching influence that promised to bring flood control and cheap electricity to the impoverished Tennessee Valley. However, the TVA would compete with existing private power companies in the area, including C&S subsidiaries. Willkie appeared before the House Military Affairs Committee on April 14, 1933.  He approved of the ideas for development of the Tennessee Valley, but felt that the government role should be limited to selling power generated by dams. Although the House of Representatives passed a bill limiting the TVA's powers, the Senate took the opposite stance, and the latter position prevailed.Negotiations took place through the remainder of 1933 for C&S to sell assets, including a transmission line, to allow the TVA to distribute energy to retail customers, leading to an agreement on January 4, 1934. TVA head David Lilienthal was impressed by Willkie, who left him "somewhat overwhelmed" and "pretty badly scared". C&S agreed to sell some of its properties in part of the Tennessee Valley, and the government agreed that the TVA would not compete with C&S in many areas. In October 1934, holders of securities issued by a C&S subsidiary filed suit to block the transfer.  Willkie angrily denied that he had prompted the lawsuit, though plaintiffs' counsel proved later to have been paid by the Edison Electric Institute, of which Willkie was a board member. Willkie warned that New York capital might avoid Tennessee if the TVA experiment continued, and when Roosevelt gave a speech in praise of the agency, issued a statement rebutting him. By 1934, Willkie had become the spokesman for the private electric power industry.Amid this tension, Willkie and Roosevelt met for the first time, at the White House on December 13, 1934.  The meeting was outwardly cordial, but each man told his own version of what occurred: the president boasted of having outtalked Willkie, while the executive sent a soon-to-be-famous telegram to his wife: "CHARM OVERRATED ... I DIDNT TELL HIM WHAT YOU THINK OF HIM" Roosevelt decided that the utility holding companies had to be broken up, stated so in his 1935 State of the Union address and met with Willkie later in January to inform him of his intent. In the meantime, the companies did their best to sabotage the TVA; farmers were told by corporate representatives that lines from the new Norris Dam could not carry enough power to make a light bulb glow, and the company ran "spite lines" that might not even carry power in an effort to invoke the non-compete agreement over broad areas.Through 1935, as the breakup legislation wound through Congress, and litigation through the courts, Willkie was the industry's chief spokesman and lobbyist. When the Senate narrowly passed a bill for the breakup, Willkie made a series of speeches asking the public to oppose the legislation, and a storm of letters to congressmen followed. After the House of Representatives defeated the breakup clause, investigation proved that many of these communications were funded by the electric companies, signed with names taken from the telephone book, though Willkie was not implicated. Amid public anger, Roosevelt pressured Congress to pass a bill requiring the breakup to take place within three years.In September 1936, Roosevelt and Willkie met again at the White House, and a truce followed as both sides waited to see if Roosevelt would be re-elected over the Republican, Kansas Governor Alf Landon. Willkie, who voted for Landon, expected a narrow victory for the Republican, but Roosevelt won an overwhelming landslide as Landon won only Maine and Vermont. In December, a federal district court judge granted the C&S companies an injunction against the TVA, and negotiations broke off by Roosevelt's order as the litigation continued. Willkie took his case to the people, writing columns for major publications, and proposing terms for an agreement that The New York Times described as "sensible and realistic". He received favorable press, and many invitations to speak.The January 1938 Supreme Court ruling in Alabama Power Co. v. Ickes, resolving the 1934 case, and the lifting of the injunction by an appeals court, sent the parties back to the negotiating table. Willkie kept the public pressure on: like most corporate executives, he had not spoken out against Roosevelt's New Deal policies, but in January stated in a radio debate that anti-utility policies were depressing share prices, making it hard to attract investment that would help America to recover. "For several


Passage 1:Louis, Count of GravinaLouis of Durazzo (1324 – 22 July 1362) was Count of Gravina and Morrone. He was the son of John of Durazzo and Agnes of Périgord.In 1337, he was named Vicar- andCaptain-General of the Kingdom of Albania. During the ascension of the Durazzeschi at the court of Naples during the reign of Joanna I, he was one of the royal ambassadors to the Roman Curia. Upon the invasion ofLouis I of Hungary and the execution of his elder brother, Charles, Duke of Durazzo, in 1348, he was imprisoned, with his younger brother Robert of Durazzo, until 1352. The rest of his life was spent stirring up revoltsagainst Joanna in Apulia with the aid of some Free Companions. These were ultimately quashed in 1360 by Louis of Taranto, and Louis of Durazzo was imprisoned in the Castel dell'Ovo in Naples and murdered bypoison.FamilyHe married Margaret of Sanseverino in 1343, by whom he had three children:Louis (1344–d. young)Charles III of Naples (1345–1386)Agnes (1347–d. young)Passage 2:Louisa Montagu Douglas Scott,Duchess of BuccleuchLouisa Jane Montagu Douglas Scott, Duchess of Buccleuch and Queensberry  (26 August 1836 – 16 March 1912) was the daughter of James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn.  In 1884, she becamethe Duchess of Buccleuch and Duchess of Queensberry, the wife of William Henry Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 6th Duke of Buccleuch and 8th Duke of Queensberry. She was the paternal grandmother of PrincessAlice, Duchess of Gloucester, and of Marian Louisa, Lady Elmhirst, as well as a maternal great-grandmother of Prince William of Gloucester and Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, and a great-great-grandmother ofSarah, Duchess of York. Diana, Princess of Wales, is one of her great-great-great-nieces.Early life, marriage, and familyLouisa Jane Hamilton was born on Friday 26 August 1836 in Brighton, Sussex, England, the thirdchild of fourteen born to James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn, and the former Lady Louisa Russell, daughter of John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford.She married William Montagu Douglas Scott, Earl of Dalkeith, on 22November 1859 in London. Lord Dalkeith was the eldest son of the Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch, and his wife, the former Lady Charlotte Thynne. They had six sons and two daughters:WalterHenry Montagu Douglas Scott, Earl of Dalkeith (17 January 1861 – 18 September 1886)John Charles Montagu Douglas Scott, 7th Duke of Buccleuch (30 March 1864 – 19 October 1935)Lord George William MontaguDouglas Scott (31 August 1866 – 23 February 1947); married on 30 April 1903 Lady Elizabeth Emily Manners (daughter of John Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland and Janetta Hughan) and had issueLord Henry FrancisMontagu Douglas Scott (15 January 1868 – 19 April 1945)Lord Herbert Andrew Montagu Douglas Scott (30 November 1872 – 17 June 1944); married 26 April 1905 Marie Josephine Edwards and had issue, maternalgrandfather of Sarah, Duchess of YorkLady Katharine Mary Montagu Douglas Scott (25 March 1875 – 7 March 1951); married Thomas Brand, 3rd Viscount Hampden, and had issueLady Constance Anne MontaguDouglas Scott (10 March 1877 – 7 May 1970); married on 21 January 1908 The Hon. Douglas Halyburton Cairns (son of Hugh Cairns, 1st Earl Cairns and Mary Harriet McNeill) and had issueLord Francis George MontaguDouglas Scott (1 November 1879 – 26 July 1952); married on 11 February 1915 Lady Eileen Nina Evelyn Sibell Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound (daughter of Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto, and LadyMary Caroline Grey) and had issueCareerShe served as Mistress of the Robes to Queen Victoria from 1885 – 1892 (Conservative), and again from 1895 – 1901. She was appointed Mistress of the Robes to QueenAlexandra in 1901, a position in which she served until her death in 1912.DeathThe duchess died on Saturday 16 March 1912, in her 76th year, at Dalkeith Palace, Midlothian, Scotland.  She was survived by herhusband, and six of her children and their families.She was buried on Wednesday 20 March 1912 in the Buccleuch family crypt in St. Mary's Church, Dalkeith Palace, Midlothian, Scotland.Titles, styles, and honours16April 1884 – 1912: The Duchess of Buccleuch and QueensberryHonours1885: Invested as Lady, Royal Order of Victoria and Albert (VA), 3rd Class1885 – 1892 and 1895 – 1901:  Mistress of the Robes to QueenVictoria1901 – 1912: Mistress of the Robes to Queen AlexandraAncestryPassage 3:Joanna, Duchess of DurazzoJoanna of Durazzo (1344 – 20 July 1387) was the eldest daughter and eldest surviving child of Charles,Duke of Durazzo, and his wife, Maria of Calabria. She succeeded as duchess on the death of her father in 1348 when she was only a child of four years old. Joanna was a member of the House of Anjou-Durazzo.Shereigned as Duchess of Durazzo from 1348-1368. She married twice; firstly to Louis of Navarre and then to Robert IV of Artois, Count of Eu.LifeJoanna's father died in 1348 and Joanna succeeded him, being the eldestsurviving child. However, Joanna remained in Naples rather than going to Durazzo. It was here she was betrothed to her cousin Charles Martel, son of Queen Joan. Charles Martel was heir in Hungary due to a lack ofmale heirs. The boy was moved to Hungary, however the engagement was broken when the young boy died around 1348 in Hungary.In 1365 aged twenty one, Joanna married her first husband Louis of Navarre, whobecame Duke of Durazzo in right of his wife. He was the son of Joan II of Navarre. In 1368 Durazzo was captured by the Albanian Topia dynasty under the leadership of warlord Karl Thopia. Joanna and her husbandimmediately began planning the reconquest of not only Durazzo, but all the lands of the former Angevin Kingdom of Albania, conquered by the Bulgarian Sratsimir dynasty in 1332. They were successful in rallying thesupport of Louis' brother Charles II the Bad and Charles V King of France in this undertaking. In 1372, Louis brought over the Navarrese Company of mercenaries, who had fought with him during the war in France, toassist them in taking Durazzo. Their ranks swelled considerably in 1375 with new recruits directly from Navarre. Many documents survive telling us of the complex nature of the military planning and engineering whichwas undertaken to ensure success. This they attained, taking the city in midsummer 1376. Louis died shortly after. Louis and Joanna had no children. Joanna never fully regained full control of Durazzo and by 1385 theCity was back in the hands of Karl Thopia.Around 1376 Joanna remarried to Robert IV of Artois, Count of Eu. This marriage was also childless. Robert was not Count of Eu for long, he and Joanna were not informed ofhis father's death in 1387. Joanna and Robert were staying at Castel dell'Ovo in Naples where they were both poisoned on July 20, 1387 on the orders of Joanna's sister Margaret, queen dowager and regent ofNaples.Joanna is buried in San Lorenzo (Naples).Passage 4:Agnes of PérigordAgnes of Périgord (died 1345) was Duchess consort of Durazzo, through her marriage to John of Gravina, Duke of Durazzo, who was also theruler of the Kingdom of Albania. Although Agnes was never styled as Queen consort, she became politically influential. Following the death of Robert, King of Naples in 1343, she organised a marriage for her eldest sonto Robert's granddaughter, who was second-in-line to the Neapolitan throne. Agnes's ambition was to bring her family closer to the line of succession.Early life and marriageAgnes was daughter of Helie VII, Count ofPérigord and his second wife, Brunissende of Foix. Amongst her siblings was Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord, a Cardinal who would become a major figure in the Avignon Papacy.The marriage between Agnes and John waslikely arranged by King Robert of Sicily due to his favour for the Avignon Papacy. The King had anti-Ghibelline ambitions in Northern Italy and desired support from the Papacy and the French in achieving them. Agnes'sfamily had marital ties to Pope John XXII as her sister Rosemburge was married to Jacques de Lavie, the Pope's grand-nephew. Acting upon this during his visit to Avignon, Robert arranged for his brother to marryJacques's sister-in-law.The marriage contract is dated 14 November 1321. The couple were married shy of fourteen years and had three sons:Charles, Duke of Durazzo (1323–1348)Louis of Durazzo (1324–1362),Count of GravinaRobert of Durazzo (1326–1356)Agnes became, through her husband's brotherly quarrel with Philip I, Prince of Taranto, duchess of Durazzo. Her husband died in 1335 and he was succeeded by theirson, Charles.Political intriguesAny plans that the Durazzo family may have had of marrying Joanna, heiress to Robert's throne, were thwarted in 1333 when Robert arranged for her to marry Andrew of Hungary.However, in his final will and testament, Robert instructed that if Joanna were to die without issue, the Neapolitan throne should pass to her sister, Maria, who was unmarried. Whilst the monarch was spoken for, theheir was not. Agnes did her best to make her family appear favourable towards the royals, in the hope that Robert would consider a Durazzo match for Maria. In 1338, she supported her son's position at the head ofRobert's armada to conquer Sicily. However, the campaign failed due to the outbreak of typhus. Agnes used her own position at court to her advantage, making friendly overtures towards Queen Sancha and the youngprincesses. This too did not result in any marriage plans.King Robert died in January 1343. Agnes's tactics during his final years had proven unsuccessful therefore, she took matters into her own hands. Immediatelyafter Robert's death, she orchestrated the marriage between her eldest son and Maria. The timing of this marriage was crucial as Joanna strongly favoured the Taranto faction, having an affair with Prince Robert, son ofCatherine, and Maria was promised in marriage to one of Andrew's brothers. The two matters would only have politically isolated the Durazzo clan and thwarted their chances of reaching the throne.Agnes used herconnection to her influential brother, Cardinal Talleyrand, to put aside the Hungarian match for Maria and obtain the Pope's permission for the ambitious marriage. Not relying on family feeling alone, Agnes bribed herbrother with 22,000 florins left over from her dowry in order to ensure absolute support. Building up a friendship with Queen Sancha also appears to have paid off as the dowager queen supported the match. On theother hand, the Taranto clan were horrified when they discovered Agnes's scheme and used their influence over Joanna to put an end to it. Catherine instructed the young queen to oppose the match, hoping that thelack of royal favour would act as a deterrent.Much to the dismay of the Tarantos, their control over Joanna was not enough to prevent Agnes, who responded by abducting Maria one night in April 1343 and marrying heroff to Charles. The marriage was a great insult to Joanna and Andrew as their royal authority was defied and the latter's family lost out on their chance for total control of the succession. The Tarantos were ready forarmed warfare against their Durazzo cousins, Naples stood on the brink of civil war. To remedy the matter, the Pope wrote letters to both Joanna and Agnes, confirming the validity of the papal dispensation, askingthem to put aside their differences and to urge Joanna to allow an official marriage ceremony. The letter to Agnes also informs that the Pope was sending Talleyrand's chamberlain, Roger of Vintrono, who hadexperience in the Papal service in Italy, to mend the breach amongst the Neapolitans. Roger's efforts clearly worked as Andrew pardoned Agnes and her family and the marriage was officially recognised on 14 July. Thefact that Maria was pregnant probably also helped resolve the issue, no more scandals were desired.Agnes then became involved in the marital disputes between Joanna and Andrew. As the latter was initially refusedjoint authority with his wife, he wrote to his mother Elisabeth, announcing plans to flee Naples. Elisabeth decided to make a state visit and threatened to take Andrew with her when she returned home. For the firsttime, Agnes, Catherine and Joanna worked together to persuade Elisabeth not to do so. All three women were aware that Andrew would only return with a Hungarian army; according to Domenico de Gravina, Joannaand Catherine were motivated purely by this threat however, Agnes was genuinely concerned with the welfare of Andrew. The appeals worked and Andrew remained. Despite her assistance in this matter, Joanna did notforgive Agnes for her marital scheming.DeathMuch like her life, Agnes's death was also surrounded by political intrigue. During the early months of 1345, the duchess had managed to make herself even more unpopularwith Joanna by meddling in diplomacy linked to the Papacy. In addition, she had attempted to have one of her sons married to Catherine's daughter, in the hope of penetrating the Taranto clan. In May, she fell ill.Allegedly, the doctor asked for a urine sample and when this was taken that evening, it was switched with that of a pregnant lady-in-waiting, who was a friend of Joanna's. When the doctor discovered that Agnes wassupposedly pregnant, it caused a scandal and led to her son, Charles, keeping his distance from her. This made for perfect conditions for the ladies-in-waiting to poison Agnes.Although, it is quite possible that theseevents are fictional, they are accounted by Domenico de Gravina, whom as noted from the encounter with Elisabeth, appeared sympathetic to Agnes rather than Joanna and Catherine. It is just as possible that Agnessuccumbed to a bacterial infection, worsened by the hot climate.Charles and Maria never ascended the throne, the former was executed three years after the death of his mother for his own political intrigues involvingJoanna and the Hungarians. Despite this, Charles, a grandson of Agnes through her son, Louis, succeeded to the throne in 1382. Much like his family, he clashed with Joanna but he managed to depose her and had herstrangled. He was married to Margaret, a daughter of Charles and Maria.AncestryPassage 5:Charles, Duke of DurazzoCharles of Durazzo (Italian: Carlo di Durazzo 1323 – 23 January 1348) was a Neapolitan nobleman,the eldest son of John, Duke of Durazzo and Agnes of Périgord.LifeHe succeeded his father as Duke of Durazzo and Count of Gravina in 1336.On 21 April 1343, he married Maria of Calabria, Countess of Alba, in Naples.She was the younger daughter of Charles, Duke of Calabria and sister of Joan I of Naples, and had been intended as a bride for Louis I of Hungary or John II of France, but was abducted by Charles and his mother tomake a marriage that would place Charles closer to the throne of Naples.Keeping carefully aloof from the conspiracy that murdered Joan's husband Andrew, Duke of Calabria, he led a faction opposing Joan and Louis ofTaranto. He contacted the Hungarian court, seeking their support. He hoped to turn the invasion of Louis of Hungary and the flight of Joan to his own ends: but he was seized and beheaded by the Hungarians atAversa.IssueCharles and Maria had:Louis (December 1343 – 14 January 1344)Joanna (1344–1387), Duchess of Durazzo; married first in 1366 Louis of Navarre, Count of Beaumont (d. 1372), married second Robert IVof Artois, Count of Eu (d. 1387)Agnes (1345–1383, Naples), married first on 6 June 1363 Cansignorio della Scala, Lord of Verona (d. 1375), married second James of Baux (d. 1383)Clementia (1346–1363,Naples)Margaret (28 July 1347 – 6 August 1412), married in February 1368 Charles III of NaplesPassage 6:Marie of Blois, Duchess of AnjouMarie of Blois (1345–1404) was a daughter of Joan of Penthièvre, Duchess ofBrittany and Charles of Blois, Duke of Brittany. Through her marriage to Louis I, Duke of Anjou, she became Duchess of Anjou, Countess of Maine, Duchess of Touraine, titular Queen of Naples and Jerusalem andCountess of Provence.BiographyMarie married Louis I, son of John II of France, in 1360. Throughout their marriage his official titles increased, though he would never actually rule the Kingdom of Naples. After his deathin 1384, most of the towns in Provence revolted against her son, Louis II. Marie pawned her valuables and raised an army.She, her young son and the army went from town to town to gain support. In 1387 Louis II wasformally recognized as Count in Aix-en-Provence. She then appealed to Charles VI of France to support her son in obtaining Naples. In 1390, Louis, supported by the pope and the French, set sail for Naples. Marienegotiated for a marriage between Louis and Yolande of Aragon, to prevent the Aragonese from obstructing him there.They finally wed in 1400.  Marie was an able administrator and on her deathbed revealed to Louisthat she had saved the amount of 200,000 écus. This was to make sure that she could pay his ransom in case he was captured.IssueWith Louis I she had the following children:Marie (1370 – after 1383)Louis II of Anjou(1377 – 1417)Charles (1380 – 1404, Angers), Prince of Taranto, Count of Roucy, Étampes, and GienPassage 7:Joanna, Duchess of BrabantJoanna, Duchess of Brabant (24 June 1322 – 1 December 1406), also knownas Jeanne, was a ruling Duchess (Duke) of Brabant from 1355 until her death. She was duchess of Brabant until the occupation of the duchy by her brother-in-law Louis II of Flanders. Following her death, the rights tothe duchy of Brabant went to her great-nephew Anthony of Burgundy, son of Philip the Bold.LifeJoanna was born 24 June 1322, the daughter of John III, Duke of Brabant and Marie d'Évreux. Her first marriage, in 1334,was to William II, Count of Hainaut (1307–1345), who subsequently died in battle and their only son William died young, thus foiling the project of unifying their territories.Joanna's second marriage was to Wenceslausof Luxemburg. The famous document, the foundation of the rule of law in Brabant called the Blijde Inkomst ("Joyous Entry"), was arrived at in January 1356, in order to assure Joanna and her consort peaceable entryinto their capital and to settle  the inheritance of the Duchy of Brabant on her "natural heirs", who were Joanna's sisters, they being more acceptable to the burghers of Brabant than rule by the House of Luxembourg.The document was seen as a dead letter, followed by a military incursion in 1356 into Brabant by Louis II of Flanders, who had married Margaret, Joanna's younger sister, and considered himself Duke of Brabant byright of his wife. With the Duchy overrun by Louis' forces, Joanna and Wencelaus signed the humiliating Treaty of Ath, which ceded Mechelen and Antwerp to Louis.  By August 1356 Joanna and Wencelaus had calledupon the Emperor, Charles IV to support them by force of arms. Charles met at Maastricht with the parties concerned, including representatives of the towns, and all agreed to nullify certain terms of the Blijde Inkomst,to satisfy the Luxembourg dynasty. The duchy continued to deteriorate with Wencelaus's defeat and capture at the battle of Baesweiler in 1371.On Joanna's death, by agreement the Duchy passed to her great-nephewAntoine, the second son of her niece Margaret III, Countess of Flanders.TombHer tomb was not erected in the Carmelite church in Brussels until the late 1450s; it was paid for in 1459 by her sister's great-grandson,Philip the Good. Though it was destroyed in the course of the French Revolutionary Wars, its appearance has been  reconstructed from drawings and descriptions by  Lorne Campbell, who concluded that the tomb wasan afterthought, providing an inexpensive piece of propaganda for Philip's dynastic rights.See alsoDukes of Brabant family treePassage 8:Louis, Duke of DurazzoLouis of Évreux (also called "of Navarre"; 1341 – 1376)was the youngest son of Philip III of Navarre and Joan II of Navarre. He inherited the county of Beaumont-le-Roger from his father (1343) and became Duke of Durazzo in right of his second wife, Joanna, in1366.Louis's first marriage was to Maria de Lizarazu in 1358. He took part on behalf of his brother Charles II of Navarre in the war against the Dauphin Charles.His second marriage to Joanna, Duchess of Durazzo,brought him the rights to Durazzo and the Kingdom of Albania, which he strove to recover. He received assistance from both his brother and the king of France in this undertaking, for Durazzo (the remnant of thekingdom) was in the hands of Charles Thopia. In 1372, he brought over the Navarrese Company of mercenaries, who had fought with him during the war in France, to assist him in taking Durazzo. Their ranks swelledconsiderably in 1375 with new recruits directly from Navarre. Many documents survive telling us of the complex nature of the military planning and engineering which was undertaken to ensure success. This they