Passage 1:Howard W. KochHoward Winchel Koch (April 11, 1916 – February 16, 2001) was an American producer and director of film and television.Life and careerKoch was born in New York City, the son of Beatrice(Winchel) and William Jacob Koch. His family was Jewish. He attended DeWitt Clinton High School and the Peddie School in Hightstown, New Jersey. He began his film career as an employee at Universal Studios office inNew York then made his Hollywood filmmaking debut in 1947 as an assistant director. He worked as a producer for the first time in 1953 and a year later made his directing debut. In 1964, Paramount Picturesappointed him head of film production, a position he held until 1966 when he left to set up his own production company. He had a production pact with Paramount for over 15 years.Among his numerous televisionproductions, Howard W. Koch produced the Academy Awards show on eight occasions. Dedicated to the industry, he served as President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences from 1977 to 1979. In 1990the Academy honored him with The Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award and in 1991 he received the Frank Capra Achievement Award from the Directors Guild of America.Together with actor Telly Savalas, Howard Kochowned the thoroughbred racehorse Telly's Pop, winner of several important California races for juveniles including the Norfolk Stakes and Del Mar Futurity.Howard W. Koch suffered from Alzheimer's disease and died inat his home in Beverly Hills, California on February 16, 2001. He had two children from a marriage of 64 years to Ruth Pincus, who died in March 2009. In 2004, his son Hawk Koch was elected to the Board of Governorsof the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.FilmographyDirectorFilm (director)Shield for Murder (1954)Big House, U.S.A. (1955)Untamed Youth (1957)Bop Girl Goes Calypso (1957)Jungle Heat (1957)The Girl inBlack Stockings (1957)Fort Bowie (1957)Violent Road (1958)Frankenstein 1970 (1958)Born Reckless (1958)Andy Hardy Comes Home (1958)The Last Mile (1959)Badge 373 (1973)Television (director)Maverick (1957)(1 episode)Hawaiian Eye (1959) (2 episodes)Cheyenne (1958) (1 episode)The Untouchables (1959) (4 episodes)The Gun of Zangara (1960) (TV movie taken from The Untouchables (1959 TV series))Miami Undercover(1961) (38 episodes)Texaco Presents Bob Hope in a Very Special Special: On the Road with Bing (1977)ProducerFilm (producer):War Paint (1953)Beachhead (1954)Shield for Murder (1954)Big House, U.S.A.(1955)Rebel in Town (1956)Frankenstein 1970 (1958)Sergeants 3 (1962)The Manchurian Candidate (1962)Come Blow Your Horn (1963)Robin and the 7 Hoods (1964)The Odd Couple (1968)On a Clear Day You CanSee Forever (1970)A New Leaf (1971)Plaza Suite (1971)Last of the Red Hot Lovers (1972)Jacqueline Susann's Once Is Not Enough (1975)The Other Side of Midnight (1977)Airplane! (1980)Some Kind of Hero(1982)Airplane II: The Sequel (1982)Ghost (1990)Television (producer)Magnavox Presents Frank Sinatra (1973)Passage 2:Robert MulliganRobert Patrick Mulligan (August 23, 1925 – December 20, 2008) was anAmerican director and producer. He is best known for his sensitive dramas, including To Kill a Mockingbird (1962), Summer of '42 (1971), The Other (1972), Same Time, Next Year (1978), and The Man in the Moon(1991). He was also known in the 1960s for his extensive collaborations with producer Alan J. Pakula.Early lifeMulligan served in either the U.S. Navy or the U.S. Marine Corps during World War II as a radio operator. Atwar's end, he graduated from Fordham University, then obtained work in the editorial department of The New York Times, but left to pursue a career in television.CareerTelevisionMulligan began his television career asa messenger boy for CBS television. He worked diligently, and by 1948 was directing major dramatic television shows.In the early 1950s he directed many episodes of Suspense. He followed this directing for The PhilcoTelevision Playhouse, Armstrong Circle Theatre, The Alcoa Hour, The United States Steel Hour, Studio One in Hollywood, Goodyear Playhouse and The Seven Lively Arts.1950s–1960sIn 1957 Mulligan directed his firstmotion picture, Fear Strikes Out, starring Anthony Perkins as tormented baseball player Jimmy Piersall. The film was the first feature he would direct alongside longtime collaborator Alan J. Pakula, then a big-timeHollywood producer. Pakula once confessed that "working with Bob set me back in directing several years because I enjoyed working with him, and we were having a good time, and I enjoyed the work."Mulliganreturned to television to direct episodes of Playhouse 90, Rendezvous, The Dupont Show of the Month, and TV versions of Ah, Wilderness! and The Moon and Sixpence. In 1959 he won an Emmy Award for directing TheMoon and Sixpence, a television production that was the American small-screen debut of Laurence Olivier.Mulligan returned to feature films to make two Tony Curtis vehicles, The Rat Race and The Great Imposter. Hewas going to make a third, The Wine of Youth but it was not made.Mulligan then made two Rock Hudson vehicles, Come September and The Spiral Road.Pakula collaborationIn the early 1960s, Pakula returned toMulligan with the proposition of directing To Kill a Mockingbird (1962), based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Harper Lee. Mulligan accepted the offer despite the awareness that "the other studios didn't want itbecause what's it about? It's about a middle-aged lawyer with two kids. There's no romance, no violence (except off-screen). There's no action. What is there? Where's the story?" With the help of a screenplay byHorton Foote as well as the pivotal casting of Gregory Peck in the role of Atticus Finch, the film became a huge hit, and Mulligan was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Director.Mulligan and Pakula followed ToKill a Mockingbird with five more films. Love With the Proper Stranger (1963), starred Natalie Wood and Steve McQueen. Baby the Rain Must Fall (1965) starred McQueen. Inside Daisy Clover (1965) starred Wood. Upthe Down Staircase (1967) was based on a humorous novel by Bel Kaufman and starred Sandy Dennis as the schoolteacher Sylvia Barrett. The Stalking Moon (1968), based on a Western novel by T.V. Olsen andreuniting Mulligan and Pakula with Peck, this time in the role of Sam Varner, a scout who attempts to escort a white woman (Eva Marie Saint) and her half-Indian son to New Mexico after they are pursued by abloodthirsty Apache, the boy's father. After this film, Pakula parted company from Mulligan to pursue his own career in directing.1970sMulligan began the 1970s with The Pursuit of Happiness (1971), based on the 1968novel by Thomas Rogers, which had been a finalist for the National Book Award. The film starred Michael Sarrazin as William Popper, a college student (disillusioned with both right-wing and left-wing American politics)whose life is complicated when he accidentally runs over and kills an elderly woman and is quickly sentenced to one year in prison for vehicular manslaughter. He then contemplates breaking out of prison and fleeing thecountry with his girlfriend (played by Barbara Hershey), since neither feels their lives have made any significant difference in America.Also in 1971, Mulligan released Summer of '42 (1971), which was based on thecoming-of-age novel by Herman Raucher and starred Gary Grimes as a teenage stand-in for Raucher who spends a summer vacation in 1942 on Nantucket Island lusting after a young woman (Jennifer O'Neill) whosehusband has shipped off to fight in the war. A box office smash, Summer of '42 went on to gross over $20 million, and Mulligan was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Director.Summer of '42 was followed byThe Other (1972), a thriller film scripted by former Hollywood actor Thomas Tryon from his own book. It told the story of two 9-year-old boys, Niles and Holland Perry (played by real-life twins Chris and MartyUdvarnoky), who get involved in a series of grisly murders at their home on Peaquot Landing in the 1930s. Although the film was not an immediate success at the box office, it has since gone on to gain a steady cultfollowing.In the mid-1970s, Mulligan was briefly engaged in talks with producers Julia and Michael Phillips to direct Taxi Driver (1976), with Jeff Bridges to star as the psychotic Travis Bickle. Objections posed byscreenwriter Paul Schrader caused the project to be turned over to Martin Scorsese and Robert De Niro instead.Mulligan proceeded by rounding out the 1970s with three films dominated by performances from A-listHollywood actors: Jason Miller as a Los Angeles locksmith threatened by hitmen in The Nickel Ride (1974); Richard Gere as an Italian-American youth trying to break from his working-class family in Bloodbrothers(1978); and Alan Alda and Ellen Burstyn portraying George and Doris, a pair of long-term adulterers, in Same Time Next Year (1978), based on the play by Bernard Slade.1980sAs the 1980s dawned, Mulligan foundwork harder to come by, succeeding in directing only two films by the end of the decade. Mulligan had started directing Rich and Famous for MGM but asked to be replaced after a week of shooting; George Cukorreplaced him.Mulligan was also fired from directing The Pursuit of D.B. Cooper because he allegedly took seven days to shoot a whitewater rapids chase.At another point, according to screenwriter Hampton Fancher,Mulligan was attached to direct Blade Runner; his adaptation would have starred Robert Mitchum. Fancher states that the deal with Mulligan fell apart because of "ego" and because the studio at the time, Universal,wanted a happier ending. Mulligan was also briefly attached to direct Cutter's Way; his version would have starred Dustin Hoffman.Kiss Me Goodbye (1982), starring Sally Field, James Caan and Jeff Bridges, was anattempt at a comedic remake of the Brazilian film Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands, and was critically derided, although it was a modest commercial success.Clara's Heart (1988), starring Whoopi Goldberg and a youngNeil Patrick Harris, was released five years later to negative box office numbers and reviews, and was panned on television by Siskel and Ebert. It has, however, received recent praise from film professor RobertKeser.1990sIn the 1990s, at the age of 66, Mulligan would release his final film, The Man in the Moon (1991), starring a 14-year-old Reese Witherspoon, in her film debut. The film was praised by Roger Ebert, whoincluded it at #8 in his Top 10 list of the best films of 1991, declaring, "Nothing else [Mulligan] has done... approaches the purity and perfection of The Man in the Moon... (with a) poetic, bittersweet tone, and avoid(ing)the sentimentalism and cheap emotion that could have destroyed this story."Later in March 1992, Mulligan made headlines when he angrily took his name off of airline cuts of The Man in the Moon, after he had learnedthat the film would be heavily censored by American and Delta flights. In an interview with Ebert, Mulligan explained, "The airlines demanded so many excessive and unreasonable cuts and changes that I took my nameoff the film... it's the first time I've ever done that."Before his death in 2008, Mulligan had commissioned playwright Beth Henley to write a screenplay from the novel A Long and Happy Life by Reynolds Price, whichMulligan had bought the rights to with his own money. The film was never made.Personal lifeMulligan's first wife was Jane Lee Sutherland. Their marriage lasted from 1951 to 1968 and produced three children. Hissecond marriage, to Sandy Mulligan, lasted from 1971 until his death. He was the elder brother of actor Richard Mulligan, whom he cast in Love with the Proper Stranger.Mulligan's career was hurt by his battle withalcoholism. His daughter, Beth Mulligan, later stated that their life at home was "chaotic and frightening."DeathMulligan died of heart disease at his home in Lyme, Connecticut on December 20, 2008, at the age of 83.He was survived by his second wife, Sandy; three children; and two grandchildren. One of Mulligan's surviving grandchildren is Los Angeles music producer Quentin Mulligan, also known as frumhere. One of his musicalbums is entitled "Same Time, Next Year". Reminiscing about his grandfather, Quentin has stated, "Grandpa was a living life."StyleMulligan described his role as a director thusly: “Things have to sift through me. That'sme up there on the screen. The shooting, the editing, the use of music—all that represents my attitude toward the material.” In a 1978 interview with the Village Voice, he insisted, "I don't know anything about 'theMulligan style.' If you can find it, well, that's your job."Chicago critic Jonathan Rosenbaum once hailed Mulligan as: one of the only American directors left with a fully achieved style that is commonly (if misleadingly)termed classical... he is a master of carving out dramatic space with liquid camera movements and precise angles, a mastery that's matched by a special sensitivity in handling adolescents."Critic and filmmaker FrançoisTruffaut also championed the director's work. Truffaut was, in particular, a fan of Fear Strikes Out and was impressed that it was only Mulligan's first feature, writing, "It is rare to see a first film so free of faults andbombast." Summing up Mulligan's talents as a whole, Truffaut concluded: If there were French directors as lucid as Mulligan, as capable of telling something more than anecdotes, the image of our country on the screenwould be a bit less oversimplified. Another filmmaker who admired Mulligan's work was Stanley Kubrick, who featured a clip from Summer of '42 in The Shining (1980).Of his fellow filmmakers, Mulligan admired IngmarBergman for his "wonderful use of that simple, honest technique" of allowing the camera to "rest on a human face quietly, unobtrusively, and let something happen." He championed the films of Satyajit Ray and joinedin a protest with Bergman and David Lean when Ray's film, Charulata, was rejected at the 1961 Cannes Film Festival.Mulligan also had his critics.  Actor James Caan described him as the most incompetent filmmaker hehad ever worked with saying "A lot of mediocrity was produced" following their work on Kiss Me Goodbye in 1982.  Caan cited his experiences as a key reason why he made no movies for 5 years from 1982 to1987.Mulligan was also an avid fan of the novels of Charles Dickens, whose work he had devoured in his youth: I read all of it, I don't know how many times. I'm convinced that if Charles Dickens were alive and welland living in Los Angeles, he'd be the best producer-director-writer of movies ever. I think if anybody really wants to learn how to tell a story in images, they should read Dickens. At least once or twice ayear.FilmographyPassage 3:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films.Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Some of histelevision film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films. He directed "Heart inHiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions. Hecostarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army. He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University. Eventually becoming a theatre director, hedirected productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company. He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and wasalso an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company.Passage 4:Brian Johnson (special effects artist)Brian Johnson (born 29 June 1939 or 29 June 1940) is a British designer and director of film and television specialeffects.Life and careerBorn Brian Johncock, he changed his surname to Johnson during the 1960s. Joining the team of special effects artist Les Bowie, Johnson started his career behind the scenes for Bowie Films onproductions such as On The Buses, and for Hammer Films.  He is known for his special effects work on TV series including Thunderbirds (1965–66) and films including Alien (1979), for which he received the 1980Academy Award for Best Visual Effects (shared with H. R. Giger, Carlo Rambaldi, Dennis Ayling and Nick Allder). Previously, he had built miniature spacecraft models for Stanley Kubrick's 1968 film 2001: A SpaceOdyssey.Johnson's work on Space: 1999 influenced the effects of the Star Wars films of the 1970s and 1980s. Impressed by his work, George Lucas visited Johnson during the production of the TV series to offer himthe role of effects supervisor for the 1977 film. Having already been commissioned for the second series of Space: 1999, Johnson was unable to accept at the time. He worked on the sequel, The Empire Strikes Back(1980), whose special effects were recognised in the form of a 1981 Special Achievement Academy Award (which Johnson shared with Richard Edlund, Dennis Muren and Bruce Nicholson).AwardsJohnson has wonAcademy Awards for both Alien (1979) and The Empire Strikes Back (1980). He was further nominated for an Academy Award for his work on Dragonslayer (1981). In addition, Johnson is the recipient of a SaturnAward for The Empire Strikes Back and a BAFTA Award for James Cameron's  Aliens.FilmographySpecial effectsDirectorScragg 'n' Bones (2006)Passage 5:Sherry HormannSherry Hormann (born 20 April 1960) is aGerman-American film director. Hormann is best known for her movies Guys and Balls (2004), Desert Flower (2009) and 3096 Days (2013).Hormann was born in the United States, but moved to Germany in 1966,when she was six years old. She attended the University of Television and Film Munich (HFF) and mainly works in German cinema.She was married to film director Dominik Graf. In October 2011, she marriedcinematographer Michael Ballhaus; he died in April 2017.Selected filmography1991: Silent Shadow1994: Women Are Simply Wonderful1996: Father's Day1998: Widows – Erst die Ehe, dann das Vergnügen1998: Denkich an Deutschland … – Angst spür’ ich, wo kein Herz ist (TV documentary series episode)2001: Private Lies (TV film)2002: My Daughter's Tears (TV film)2004: Guys and Balls2006: Helen, Fred und Ted (TVfilm)2006–2007: Der Kriminalist (TV series)Am Abgrund (2006)Mördergroupie (2006)Totgeschwiegen (2007)2009: Desert Flower2012: The Pursuit of Unhappiness2013: 3096 Days2016: Tödliche Geheimnisse (TVfilm)2019: A Regular WomanPassage 6:Father's Day (1996 film)Father's Day (German: Irren ist männlich) is a 1996 German comedy film directed by Sherry Hormann.CastHerbert Knaup - ThomasCorinna Harfouch -BettinaRichy Müller - JohannesDominik Graf - LorenzAxel Milberg - PhilippNatalia Wörner - SusanneLena May Graf - GinaRobert Gwisdek - LeoAdele Neuhauser - SchlegelExternal linksFather's Day at IMDbPassage 7:IanBarry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)Minnamurra(1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story ofOzploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)Passage 8:The Pursuit of Happiness (1971 film)The Pursuit of Happiness is a 1971 American drama film about a student who goes on the run toavoid serving his full prison sentence for vehicular manslaughter. The film was directed by Robert Mulligan. The producer was David Susskind and the associate producer Alan Shayne. The screenplay was written by JonBoothe and George L. Sherman.PlotDisenchanted college student William Popper (Michael Sarrazin) is convicted of vehicular manslaughter for killing a woman with his car. With only a week left on his sentence and thehelp of his girlfriend, Jane (Barbara Hershey), he escapes to Canada, making both of them wanted fugitives.CastMichael Sarrazin as William PopperBarbara Hershey as Jane KauffmanRobert Klein as Melvin LasherSadaThompson as Ruth LawrenceRalph Waite as Detective CromieArthur Hill as John PopperE.G. Marshall as Daniel LawrenceMaya Kenin as Mrs. ConroyRue McClanahan as Mrs. O'MaraPeter White as Terence


Passage 1:Princess Irene of Hesse and by RhinePrincess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (Irene Luise Marie Anne; 11 July 1866 – 11 November 1953), later Princess Henry of Prussia, was the third child and third daughterof Princess Alice of the United Kingdom and Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine. Her maternal grandparents were Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Her paternal grandparents werePrince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine and Princess Elisabeth of Prussia. She was the wife of Prince Henry of Prussia, a younger brother of Wilhelm II, German Emperor and her first cousin. The SS Prinzessin Irene, a linerof the North German Lloyd was named after her.Her siblings included Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine, wife of Prince Louis of Battenberg, Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of Russia, wife of Grand DukeSergei Alexandrovich of Russia, Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia, wife of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. Like her younger sister, the empress, Irene was acarrier of the hemophilia gene, and Irene would lose her sisters Alix and Elisabeth in Russia to the Bolsheviks.Early lifeShe received her first name, which was taken from the Greek word for "peace", because she wasborn at the end of the Austro-Prussian War. Alice considered Irene an unattractive child and once wrote to her sister Victoria that Irene was "not pretty". She would never be considered a great beauty like her sistersElisabeth and Alix, but she did have a pleasant, even disposition. Princess Alice brought up her daughters simply. An English nanny presided over the nursery and the children ate plain meals of rice puddings and bakedapples and wore plain dresses. Her daughters were taught how to do housework, such as baking cakes, making their own beds, laying fires and sweeping and dusting their rooms. Princess Alice also emphasised theneed to give to the poor and often took her daughters on visits to hospitals and charities.The family was devastated in 1873 when Irene's haemophiliac younger brother Friedrich, nicknamed "Frittie", fell through anopen window, struck his head on the balustrade and died hours later of a brain hemorrhage. In the months following the toddler's death, Alice frequently took her children to his grave to pray and was melancholy onanniversaries associated with him. In the autumn of 1878 Irene, her siblings (except for Elisabeth) and her father became ill with diphtheria. Her younger sister Princess Marie, nicknamed "May", died of the disease. Hermother, exhausted from nursing the children, also became infected. Knowing she was in danger of dying, Princess Alice dictated her will, including instructions about how to bring up her daughters and how to run thehousehold. She died of diphtheria on 14 December 1878.Following Alice's death, Queen Victoria resolved to act as a mother to her Hessian grandchildren. Princess Irene and her surviving siblings spent annual holidaysin England and their grandmother sent instructions to their governess regarding their education and approving the pattern of their dresses. With her sister Alix, Irene was a bridesmaid at the 1885 wedding of theirmaternal aunt, Princess Beatrice, to Prince Henry of Battenberg.MarriageIrene married Prince Henry of Prussia, the third child and second son of Frederick III, German Emperor and Victoria, Princess Royal on 24May  1888 at the chapel of the Charlottenburg Palace in Berlin. As their mothers were sisters, Irene and Henry were first cousins. Their marriage displeased Queen Victoria because she had not been told about thecourtship until they had already decided to marry. At the time of the ceremony, Irene's uncle and father-in-law, the German emperor, was dying of throat cancer, and less than a month after the ceremony, Irene'scousin and brother-in-law ascended the throne as Kaiser Wilhelm II. Heinrich's mother, Empress Victoria, was fond of Irene. However, Empress Victoria was shocked because Irene did not wear a shawl or scarf todisguise her pregnancy when she was pregnant with her first son, the haemophiliac Prince Waldemar, in 1889. Empress Victoria, who was fascinated by politics and current events, also couldn't understand why Heinrichand Irene never read a newspaper. However, the couple were happily married and they were known as "The Very Amiables" by their relatives because of their pleasant natures. The marriage produced threesons.ChildrenFamily relationshipsIrene transmitted the haemophilia gene to her eldest and youngest sons, Waldemar and Heinrich. Waldemar's health worried her from early childhood. She was later devastated whenthe youngest child, four-year-old Heinrich, died after he fell and bumped his head in February 1904. Six months after little Heinrich's death, Irene became an aunt to Tsarevich Alexei of Russia, son of her youngestsister, Tsarina Alexandra, who also had hemophilia.Irene, raised to believe in a proper Victorian code of behaviour, was easily shocked by what she saw as immorality. In 1884, the same year that her elder sisterVictoria married Prince Louis of Battenberg, another sister, Elisabeth, married Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia, and when Elisabeth converted from Lutheranism to Russian Orthodoxy, in 1891, Irene wasdeeply upset. She wrote to her father that she "cried terribly" over Elisabeth’s decision.  In 1892, Irene's father, Grand Duke Louis IV, died, and her brother, Ernest, succeeded him as Grand Duke of Hesse. Two yearslater, in May 1894, Ernest Louis was married off by Queen Victoria to a first cousin, Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. It was amidst the wedding festivities that Irene's youngest surviving sister, Alix, accepted themarriage proposal of Tsarevich Nicholas, a second cousin, and when Nicholas' father died prematurely in November 1894, Irene and her husband travelled to St. Petersburg to be present at both his funeral and thewedding of Alix, who had taken the name Alexandra Feodorovna upon her conversion to Orthodoxy, to the new tsar, Nicholas II. Despite the disagreement that she had over the conversion of two of her sisters toRussian Orthodoxy, she remained close with all of her siblings. In 1907, Irene helped arrange what later turned out to be a disastrous marriage between Elisabeth’s ward, Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia, toPrince Vilhelm, Duke of Södermanland. Wilhelm's mother, the Queen of Sweden, was an old friend of both Irene and Elisabeth. Grand Duchess Maria later wrote that Irene pressured her to go through with the marriagewhen she had doubts. She told Maria that ending the engagement would "kill" Elisabeth. In 1912, Irene was a source of support to her sister Alix when Alexei nearly died of complications of haemophilia at the ImperialFamily's hunting lodge in Poland.Later lifeIrene's ties to her sisters were disrupted by the advent of World War I, which put them on opposing sides of the war. When the war ended, she received word that Alix, herhusband and children and her sister Elizabeth had been killed by the Bolsheviks.When Anna Anderson surfaced in Berlin in the early 1920s, claiming to be the surviving Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia,Irene visited the woman, but decided that Anderson could not be the niece she had last seen in 1913. Princess Irene was not impressed."I saw immediately that she could not be one of my nieces. Even though I had notseen them for nine years, the fundamental facial characteristics could not have altered to that degree, in particular the position of the eyes, the ear, etc. .. At first sight one could perhaps detect a resemblance to GrandDuchess Tatiana."Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna, sister of the murdered tsar, commented on the visit of Princess Irene,"It was an unsatisfactory meeting, but the woman's supporters said that Princess Irene hadnot known her niece very well and all the rest of it." Irene's husband, Heinrich, said that the mention of Anderson upset Irene too much and ordered that no one was to discuss Anderson in his presence. Heinrich died in1929. Anna Anderson biographer Peter Kurth wrote that several years later, Irene's son (Prince Sigismund) posed questions to Anderson through an intermediary about their shared childhood and declared that heranswers were all accurate. Irene later adopted Sigismund's daughter, Barbara, born in 1920, as her heir after Sigismund left Germany to live in Costa Rica during the 1930s. Sigismund declined to return to Germany tolive after World War II.HonoursGrand Duchy of Hesse: Dame of the Grand Ducal Hessian Order of the Golden Lion, 21 March 1883 Kingdom of Prussia:Dame of the Order of Louise, 1st DivisionDame of theWilhelm-OrdenRed Cross Medal, 1st Class, 22 October 1898 Kingdom of Bavaria: Merit Cross for Volunteer Nurses  Austria-Hungary: Grand Cross of the Imperial Austrian Order of Elizabeth, 1900 Russian Empire: GrandCross of the Imperial Order of Saint Catherine United Kingdom:Queen Victoria Golden Jubilee Medal, 1887Royal Order of Victoria and Albert, 2nd ClassAncestryPassage 2:Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg andGothaGrand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna of Russia  (born Princess Victoria Melita of Edinburgh; 25 November 1876 – 2 March 1936), was the third child and second daughter of Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha,and of Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia. She was a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and also of Emperor Alexander II of Russia.Born a British princess, Victoria spent her early life inEngland and lived for three years in Malta, where her father served in the Royal Navy. In 1889 the family moved to Coburg, where Victoria's father became the reigning duke in 1893. In her teens Victoria fell in lovewith her first cousin Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia (the son of her mother's brother, Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia) but his faith, Orthodox Christianity, discouraged marriage between firstcousins. Bowing to family pressure, Victoria married her paternal first cousin Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine in 1894, following the wishes of their grandmother, Queen Victoria. The marriage failed –Victoria Melita scandalized the royal families of Europe when she divorced her husband in 1901. The couple's only child, Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine, died of typhoid fever in 1903.Victoria married GrandDuke Kirill Vladimirovich in 1905. They wed without the formal approval of Britain's King Edward VII (as the Royal Marriages Act 1772 would have required), and in defiance of Russia's Emperor Nicholas II. In retaliation,the Tsar stripped Kirill of his offices and honours, also initially banishing the couple from Russia. They had two daughters and settled in Paris before being allowed to visit Russia in 1909. In 1910 they moved to Russia,where Nicholas recognized Victoria Melita as Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna. After the fall of the Russian monarchy in 1917 they escaped to Finland (then still part of the Russian Empire) where she gave birth to heronly son in August 1917. In exile they lived for some years among her relatives in Germany, and from the late 1920s on an estate they bought in Saint-Briac in Brittany. In 1926 Kirill proclaimed himself Russianemperor in exile, and Victoria supported her husband's claims. Victoria died after suffering a stroke while visiting her daughter Maria in Amorbach (Lower Franconia).Early lifeVictoria was born on 25 November 1876 inSan Anton Palace in Attard, Malta, hence her second name, Melita. Her father, who was stationed on the island as an officer in the Royal Navy, was Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second son of Queen Victoria.Her mother was Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna, the only surviving daughter of Alexander II of Russia and Marie of Hesse.As a grandchild of the British monarch, Victoria Melita was styled Her Royal HighnessPrincess Victoria of Edinburgh. Within her family, she was always known as "Ducky". At the time of her birth, she was 10th in the line of succession to the British throne. The princess was christened on 1 January 1877at San Anton Palace by a Royal Navy chaplain. Her godparents included her paternal grandmother, who was represented by a proxy.After the Duke's service in Malta was over, the family returned to England, where theylived for the next few years. They divided their time between Eastwell Park, their country home in Kent, and Clarence House, their residence in London facing Buckingham Palace. Eastwell, a large estate of 2,500 acresnear Ashford, with its forest and park was the children's favorite residence. In January 1886, shortly after Princess Victoria turned nine, the family left England when her father was appointed commander-in-chief of theMediterranean naval squadron, based on Malta. For the next three years, the family lived at the San Anton Palace in Malta, Victoria's birthplace.The marriage of Victoria's parents was unhappy. The Duke was taciturn,unfaithful, prone to drinking and emotionally detached from his family. Victoria's mother was independent-minded and cultured. Although she was unsentimental and strict, the Duchess was a devoted mother and themost important person in her children's lives. As a child, Victoria had a difficult temperament. She was shy, serious and sensitive. In the judgment of her sister Marie: "This passionate child was often misunderstood."Princess Victoria Melita was talented at drawing and painting and learned to play the piano. She was particularly close to Marie. The two sisters would remain very close throughout their lives. They contrasted inappearance and personality. Victoria was dark and moody while Marie was blonde and easy-going. Although she was one year younger, Victoria was taller and seemed to be the older of the two.Youth in CoburgAs a sonof Queen Victoria's deceased husband, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Victoria Melita's father was in the line of succession to Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the sovereign German duchy ruled by Albert's elderbrother, Ernest II, until his death in 1893. Prince Alfred became heir presumptive to the duchy when his older brother, the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII), relinquished his Saxon succession rights in favour of hisyounger brothers. Alfred and his family therefore moved to Coburg in 1889. Their mother immediately began attempting to "Germanise" her daughters by installing a new governess, buying them plain clothing, andhaving them confirmed in the German Lutheran church, even though they had previously been raised as Anglicans. The children rebelled and some of the new restrictions were eased.The teenage Victoria was a "tall,dark girl, with violet eyes ... with the assuredness of an Empress and the high spirits of a tomboy," according to one observer. Victoria had "too little chin to be conventionally beautiful," in the opinion of one of herbiographers, but "she had a good figure, deep blue eyes, and dark complexion." In 1891, Victoria travelled with her mother to the funeral of her maternal aunt Grand Duchess Alexandra Georgievna of Russia. ThereVictoria met her first cousin Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich. Although the two were deeply attracted to each other, Victoria's mother was reluctant to allow her to marry him because the Russian Orthodox faith forbidsthe marriage of first cousins. She was also suspicious of the morality of the Romanov men. When her teenage daughters were impressed by their handsome cousins, their mother warned them that the Russian granddukes did not make good husbands.Soon after her sister Marie was married to Crown Prince Ferdinand of Romania, a search was made for a suitable husband for Victoria. Her visit to her grandmother Queen Victoria atBalmoral Castle in the autumn of 1891 coincided with a visit by her cousin Prince Ernest Louis of Hesse, heir apparent to the grand ducal throne of Hesse and by Rhine. Both were artistic and fun loving, got along welland even shared a birthday. The Queen, observing this, was very keen for her two grandchildren to marry.Grand Duchess of HesseEventually, Victoria and Ernst bowed to their families' pressure and married on 19 April1894 at Schloss Ehrenburg in Coburg. The wedding was a large affair, with most of the royal families of Europe attending, including Queen Victoria, the Empress Frederick, Kaiser Wilhelm II and the Prince of Wales.Victoria became Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine, Ernest having ascended the throne in 1892. Her wedding is also significant since at the same time the official engagement of the future Tsar Nicholas II of Russiato Ernst's younger sister, Alix, was proclaimed. Together Victoria and Ernst had two children, a daughter, Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine, whom they nicknamed Ella, born on 11 March 1895, and a stillbornson, born on 25 May 1900.Victoria and Ernst proved incompatible. Victoria despaired of her husband's lack of affection towards her, while Ernst devoted much of his attention to their daughter, whom he adored.Elisabeth, who physically resembled her mother, preferred the company of her father to Victoria. Ernst and Victoria both enjoyed entertaining and frequently held house parties for young friends. Their unwritten rulewas that anyone over thirty "was old and out." Formality was dispensed with and royal house guests were referred to by their nicknames and encouraged to do as they wished. Victoria and Ernst cultivated friends whowere progressive artists and intellectuals as well as those who enjoyed fun and frolic. Victoria's cousin Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark remembered one stay there as "the jolliest, merriest house party to which Ihave ever been in my life."Victoria was, however, less enthusiastic about fulfilling her public role. She avoided answering letters, put off visits to elderly relations whose company she did not enjoy, and talked to peoplewho amused her at official functions while ignoring people of higher standing whom she found boring. Victoria's inattention to her duties provoked quarrels with Ernst. The young couple had loud, physical fights. Thevolatile Victoria shouted, threw tea trays, smashed china against the wall, and tossed anything that was handy at Ernst during their arguments. Victoria sought relief in her love for horses and long gallops over thecountryside on a hard-to-control stallion named Bogdan. While she was in Russia for the coronation of Tsar Nicholas II, Victoria's affection for Kirill was also rekindled. She enjoyed flirting with him at the balls andcelebrations that marked the coronation.DivorceHer marriage to Ernst suffered a further blow in 1897, when Victoria returned home from a visit to her sister Queen Marie of Romania and reportedly caught Ernst in bedwith a male servant. She did not make her accusation public, but told a niece that "no boy was safe, from the stable hands to the kitchen help. He slept quite openly with them all." Queen Victoria was saddened whenshe heard of trouble in the marriage from Sir George Buchanan, her chargé d'affaires, but refused to consent to her grandchildren's divorce because of their daughter, Elisabeth. Efforts to rekindle the marriage failedand, when Queen Victoria died in January 1901, significant opposition to the end of the marriage was removed.Ernst, who had at first resisted the divorce, came to believe it was the only possible step. "Now that I amcalmer I see the absolute impossibility of going on leading a life which was killing her and driving me nearly mad," Ernst wrote to his elder sister Princess Louis of Battenberg. "For to keep up your spirits and a laughingface while ruin is staring you in the eyes and misery is tearing your heart to pieces is a struggle which is fruitless. I only tried for her sake. If I had not loved her so, I would have given it up long ago." Princess Louislater wrote that she was less surprised by the divorce than Ernst was. "Though both had done their best to make a success of their marriage, it had been a failure ... [T]heir characters and temperaments were quiteunsuited to each other and I had noticed how they were gradually drifting apart." The divorce of the reigning Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of Hesse caused scandal in the royal circles of Europe. Tsar Nicholas wrote tohis mother that even death would have been better than "the general disgrace of a divorce." After her divorce, Victoria went to live with her mother at Coburg and at her house in the French Riviera. She and Ernstshared custody of Elisabeth, who spent six months of each year with each parent. Elisabeth blamed Victoria for the divorce and Victoria had a difficult time reconnecting with her daughter. Ernst wrote in his memoirsthat Elisabeth hid under a sofa, crying, before one visit to her mother. Ernst assured the child that her mother loved her too. Elisabeth responded, "Mama says she loves me, but you do love me." Ernst remained silentand didn't correct the child's impression.Elisabeth died at age eight and a half of typhoid fever during a November 1903 visit to Tsar Nicholas II and his family at their Polish hunting lodge. The doctor advised the Tsar's


Passage 1:Jesse E. HobsonJesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director of SRI International from 1947 to 1955. Prior to SRI, he was the director of the Armour Research Foundation.Earlylife and educationHobson was born in Marshall, Indiana. He received bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electrical engineering from the California Institute ofTechnology. Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstanding engineer.Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had five children.CareerAwards and membershipsHobson was named anIEEE Fellow in 1948.Passage 2:The Heart of Maryland (1921 film)The Heart of Maryland is a lost 1921 American silent film feature produced and distributed by the Vitagraph Company of America. It is based on DavidBelasco's 1895 play, The Heart of Maryland.When Warner Brothers acquired the Vitagraph Studios in 1925, they obtained the screen rights to this property and remade the story in 1927 as The Heart of Maryland withDolores Costello.CastCatherine Calvert as Maryland CalvertCrane Wilbur as Alan KendrickFelix Krembs as Col. Fulton ThorpeBen Lyon as Bob TelfairWilliam Collier, Jr. as Lloyd CalvertWarner Richmond as TomBooneBernard Siegel as Provost-Sergeant BlountHenry Hallam as General KendrickVictoria White as Nanny McNairMarguerite Sanchez as Mrs. ClaiborneJane Jennings as Mrs. ClaiborneSee alsoThe Heart of Maryland(1915)Passage 3:Olav AaraasOlav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director.He was born in Fredrikstad. From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to 2010he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History. In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.Passage 4:The Heart ofMaryland (1915 film)The Heart of Maryland is a lost 1915 silent film drama directed by Herbert Brenon based on David Belasco's play The Heart of Maryland. Mrs. Leslie Carter, who starred in the original play onBroadway in 1895, makes her appearance in this film as the title character.CastMrs. Leslie Carter – Maryland CalvertWilliam E. Shay – Alan KendrickJ. Farrell MacDonald – Colonel ThorpeMatt B. Snyder – General HughKendrickRaymond Russell – Floyd CalvertMarcia Moore – Floyd Calver't SweetheartVivian Reed – Dolly GreyDoris Baker – True BlueHerbert Brenon – Lloyd CalvertBert Hadley – Private BooneJoseph Hazelton – TheSexton (*as Joe Hazelton)See alsoThe Heart of Maryland (1921)The Heart of Maryland (1927)Passage 5:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas (1973)(short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998)(TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)Passage 6:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an Americandirector of film, television and theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films. Some of his television series credits include Love Is a ManySplendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The RideoutCase (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films. He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which shereceived an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions. He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" buthad to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army. He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University. Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the PacificResident Theatre Company. He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company.Passage7:The Heart of the WorldThe Heart of the World is a short film written and directed by Guy Maddin, produced for the 2000 Toronto International Film Festival. Maddin was one of a number of directors (including AtomEgoyan and David Cronenberg) commissioned to make four-minute short films that would screen prior to the various feature films at the 2000 festival as part of the special Preludes program. After hearing rumours thatother directors were planning films with a small number of shots, Maddin decided that his film would instead contain over 100 shots per minute, and enough plot for a feature-length film. Maddin then wrote and shotThe Heart of the World in the style of Russian constructivism, taking the commission at its literal face value, as a call to produce a propaganda film. Even in its expanded, 6-minute version, The Heart of the World runsat a breakneck speed, averaging roughly two shots per second, a pace intensified by the background music, Time, Forward! by Georgy Sviridov.Plot summaryThe plot of The Heart of the World concerns two brothers,Osip and Nikolai, who compete for the love of the same woman: Anna, a state scientist studying the Earth's core. Anna discovers that the heart of the world is in danger of a fatal heart attack (which would mean the endof the world), and the brothers compete amongst the public panic. Nikolai is a mortician and tries to impress Anna with assembly-line embalming, while Osip is an actor playing Christ in the Passion Play and tries toimpress Anna through his suffering. Anna is instead seduced by an evil capitalist, but has a change of heart and strangles the plutocrat, then slides down into the heart of the world, where she manages to save theworld from destruction by transforming into cinema itself, the world's "new and better heart — Kino!"CastLeslie Bais as Anna Caelum Vatnsdal as Osip Shaun Balbar as Nikolai Greg Klymkiw as AkmatovAwards andnominationsGenie Award:Win: Best Live Action Short FilmAspen Shortsfest:Win: Best CinematographyBrussels International Festival of Fantasy Film:Win: Special Mention – Short FilmMiami Film Festival:Win: FIPRESCIPrize, Best Short SubjectNational Society of Film Critics AwardsWin: Best Experimental Film—the same award Maddin won in 1991 for Archangel.San Francisco International Film FestivalWin: Film & Video – ShortNarrative, Golden Gate Award – Guy MaddinPassage 8:A Woman's TriumphA Woman's Triumph is a lost 1914 silent film drama directed by J. Searle Dawley and starring Laura Sawyer. It was produced by DanielFrohman and Adolph Zukor  and based on an 1818 story The Heart of Midlothian by Sir Walter Scott.A rival British film The Heart of Midlothian was released in April 1914.CastLaura Sawyer as Jeanie DeansBetty Harteas Effie DeansGeorge Moss as David DeansHal Clarendon as Georgie RobertsonWellington Playter as Reuben ButlerEmily Calloway as Madge WildfireHelen Aubrey as Dame MurdocksonPassage 9:Guy MaddinGuyMaddin  (born February 28, 1956) is a Canadian screenwriter, director, author, cinematographer, and film editor of both features and short films, as well as an installation artist, from Winnipeg, Manitoba. Sincecompleting his first film in 1985, Maddin has become one of Canada's most well-known and celebrated filmmakers.Maddin has directed twelve feature films and numerous short films, in addition to publishing threebooks and creating a host of installation art projects. A number of Maddin's recent films began as or developed from installation art projects, and his books also relate to his film work. Maddin is known for his fascinationwith lost Silent-era films and for incorporating their aesthetics into his own work. Maddin has been the subject of much critical praise and academic attention, including two books of interviews with Maddin and twobook-length academic studies of his work. Maddin was appointed to the Order of Canada, the country's highest civilian honour, in 2012.Maddin first served as a visiting lecturer at Harvard University's Department of Art,Film, and Visual Studies in 2015. Until then, he had always lived in Winnipeg.Life and careerEarly life (1956–84)Guy Maddin was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, to Herdis Maddin (a hairdresser) and Charles "Chas"Maddin (grain clerk and general manager of the Maroons, a Winnipeg hockey team). Maddin has three older siblings: Ross (b. 1944), Cameron (1946–63), and Janet (b. 1949). Maddin attended Winnipeg publicschools— the Greenway School (elementary school), General Wolfe (junior high school), and the Daniel McIntyre Collegiate Institute (high school).Maddin's early life was marked by tragedy—in February 1963, hisbrother Cameron killed himself on the grave of his girlfriend, who had died in a car accident. Maddin studied economics at the University of Winnipeg, graduating in 1977 without a plan to become a filmmaker. Thatsame year, Maddin's father died suddenly after a stroke, and Maddin married Martha Jane Waugh. Their daughter, Jilian, was born in 1978, and Maddin and Waugh divorced in 1979.After graduating, Maddin held avariety of odd jobs, including bank manager, house painter, and photo archivist. Maddin began to take film classes at the University of Manitoba. There, Maddin met film professor Stephen Snyder, who held regular filmscreenings of titles from the school's film library at his home. Maddin attended, as did some early collaborators, including his friend John Boles Harvie, the future star of Maddin's first film, and filmmaker John Paizs.Maddin appeared as an actor in two of Paizs' short films, as a student in Oak, Ivy, and Other Dead Elms (1982) and as a transvestite, homicidal nurse in The International Style (1983). Maddin drew early inspirationfrom the films of John Paizs, as well as experimental shorts by Stephen Snyder. Other early influences included L'Age d'Or by Luis Buñuel (in collaboration with Salvador Dalí) and Eraserhead by David Lynch. Maddin hasstated that these films, along with the work of Paizs and Snyder, "were movies that were primitive in many respects. They were low budget, they used nonactors or nonstars, they used atmospheres and ideas, and wereunbelievably honest, frank, and, therefore, exciting to me. They made moviemaking seem possible to me." Maddin also met film professor George Toles, who became Maddin's cowriter on many of his future films.Maddin's core group of friends from this period, who played various roles in the production of his early film projects, were known as "the Drones" and included Harvie, Ian Handford, and Kyle McCulloch (now a writer forSouth Park).Maddin joined the Winnipeg Film Group around this time, and also became friends with producer Greg Klymkiw, with whom he began making a cable access television show, Survival (c. 1985–87). Survivalwas a satirical talk show centred around, as its opening credits noted, how "we must survive the inevitable social/economic collapse and/or nuclear holocaust". The show became a cult hit in Winnipeg and excerpts werere-released on the compilation DVD Winnipeg Babysitter. Maddin plays a masked character on the show named "Concerned Citizen Stan".The Dead Father and Tales from the Gimli Hospital (1985–88)Maddin's first shortfilm (as director, writer, producer, and cinematographer) was The Dead Father, a 25-minute black-and-white film about a young man whose father dies but continues to visit his family and disapprove of his son's life. Itsbudget is estimated at CA$5,000 (equivalent to CA$11,238 in 2021). Maddin began shooting The Dead Father in 1982 and finished the film in 1985. Spurred by the work of Snyder and Paizs, and together with Harvieand Handford, Maddin decided to begin making films and founded a film company called "Extra Large Productions" (they first decided on the name "Jumbo Productions" and went to get a jumbo pizza to celebrate, butchanged the name when the pizzeria in Gimli, Manitoba, only served "extra large" pizzas).Maddin cast John Harvie in the lead role as the son, and University of Manitoba medical professor Dr. Dan P. Snidal as the deadfather. The Dead Father (1985) was shot in black-and-white on sixteen-millimetre film. The style of the film owes much to the work of the Surrealists, with Maddin citing Luis Buñuel and Man Ray as its main influences.Critics routinely cite, as an example of Maddin's dream-like tone, the climactic scene of the film, where the son attempts to resolve his relationship with his dead father by uncovering his corpse (hidden to sleep at nightin some nearby brush) and attempting to devour his father using a large spoon—since the dead father awakens, the son cannot finish eating him and must instead pack his body away into a trunk in the family's attic.Although Maddin did not feel that the film's initial, Winnipeg premiere had gone well, John Paizs convinced him to submit the film to the Toronto Film Festival and the festival accepted the film. At the festival Maddin metAtom Egoyan, Jeremy Podeswa, Norman Jewison, and began to form connections with Canadian filmmakers across the national scene.Maddin next began work on his feature film debut, Tales from the Gimli Hospital(1988), also shot in black-and-white on sixteen-millimetre film. Kyle McCulloch starred in the film as Einar, a lonely fisherman who contracts smallpox and begins to compete with another patient, Gunnar (played byMichael Gottli) for the attention of the young nurses. Maddin had himself endured a recent period of male rivalry and noticed that he found himself "quite often forgetting the object of jealousy" and instead becoming"possessive of my rival". The film was originally titled Gimli Saga after the amateur history book produced locally by various Icelandic members of the community of   Gimli (Maddin himself is Icelandic byancestry).Maddin's aunt Lil had recently retired from hairdressing, and allowed Maddin to use her beauty salon (also Maddin's childhood home) as a makeshift film studio (Lil appears in the film briefly as a "bedsidevigil-sitter in one quick shot [taken] just a couple of days before she died" at the age of 85. After Maddin's mother sold the house/studio, Maddin completed the remaining shots of the film at various locations, includinghis own home, over a period of eighteen months. Maddin received a grant from the Manitoba Arts Council for CA$20,000 (equivalent to CA$39,775 in 2021), and often cites that figure as the film's budget, although hehas also estimated the actual budget to have been between CA$14,000 and CA$30,000.Although Tales from the Gimli Hospital upset some of the residents of Gimli, who believed that the film made light of the historicalsmallpox epidemic that ravaged the community, and was rejected by the Toronto Film Festival, it nevertheless became a cult success and established Maddin's reputation in independent film circles. The film garneredthe attention of Ben Barenholtz, who had successfully distributed other cult films such as the John Waters film Pink Flamingos and David Lynch's debut feature Eraserhead. Tales from the Gimli Hospital consequentlysucceeded on the festival circuit and screened for a full year as a midnight movie at a theatre in New York's Greenwich Village. Maddin received a Genie award nomination for Best Original Screenplay.Archangel, Careful,and Twilight of the Ice Nymphs (1989–97)Having proven himself as a filmmaker and established a reputation outside of Canada, Maddin began work on a series of feature films produced on larger budgets and moretraditional production schedules and processes. His second feature, Archangel (1990), fictionalizes in a general sense historical conflict related to the Bolshevik Revolution occurring in the Arkhangelsk (Archangel) regionof Russia, a basic concept presented to Maddin by John Harvie. Boles, a Canadian soldier suffering from amnesia, arrives in the town of Archangel as World War I is ending (due to the Bolshevik uprising, it appears as ifthe townspeople have, like Boles, contracted amnesia and "forgotten" that the war is over). Boles confuses the warrior-woman Veronkha with his lost love Iris and pursues her throughout the fighting. Fellow "drone"Kyle McCulloch stars as Boles. The film marks Maddin's first formal collaboration with fellow screenwriter George Toles.Maddin shot Archangel in black-and-white, on 16 mm film, on a budget of CA$430,000 (equivalentto CA$776,633 in 2021). Maddin modeled the film on the style of a part-talkie, an early cinema genre. Film critic J. Hoberman praised the film, and noted that such stylistic approaches were typical of Maddin's growingbody of work: "Maddin's most distinctive trait is an uncanny ability to exhume and redeploy forgotten cinematic  conventions." Archangel premiered at the Toronto Film Festival, and in 1991 was awarded BestExperimental Film by the National Society of Film Critics.Maddin's third feature, Careful (1992), was styled after another early cinema genre, the German mountain picture (or Bergfilm) — a surprising choice, given that(as filmmaker Caelum Vatnsdal has noted), "Winnipeg's highest peak is, in fact, an artificial hill that had been created by laying sod over a garbage dump." Maddin was ordered by the producers to shoot in colour, andso Careful became Maddin's first colour film, shot on 16 mm film with a budget of CA$1.1 million (equivalent to CA$1,854,286 in 2021). the colour style of the film emulated the two colour Technicolor movies of theearly 1930s. Kyle McCulloch again starred, alongside other Maddin regulars such as Brent Neale and Ross McMillan. At one point, Martin Scorsese had agreed to act in the film, as Count Knotkers, but bowed out tocomplete Cape Fear. Maddin pursued casting hockey star Bobby Hull, but ended up casting Paul Cox.Careful, also cowritten by George Toles, is set in the mountain town of Tolzbad, where the townspeople are forced torepress their behaviour pathologically, since the slightest expression of emotion can trigger a devastating avalanche. Brothers Grigorss (McCulloch) and Johann (Neale) seem secure of bright futures as butlers, butJohann becomes incestuously obsessed with their widowed mother (driving him away from his fiancé and towards a dramatic suicide). Grigorss, who is in love with Klara, begins to work for Count Knotkers, who alsoharbours love for Grigorss' mother. Klara convinces Grigorss to duel the Count, resulting in the death of his mother, Klara's father, Klara, and finally Grigorss himself. Careful premiered at the New York Film Festival and,although it was not a commercial success elsewhere, "single-handedly saved a struggling art-house cinema in Missoula, Montana" where "sell-out crowds had filled the house twice every night for two weeks".For hisnext feature film, written by Toles, Maddin attempted to make an operetta called The Dikemaster's Daughter "set in a nineteenth-century Holland populated almost entirely by opera singers and dike-building navvies"about "a short-lived romance between the titular daughter and a fey opera singer". The singer is killed and the daughter is forced to marry a dike-builder who is also killed. A local alchemist then constructs anautomaton copy of the latter, which the daughter succeeds in having implanted with two hearts (of both her opera singer love and her dike-builder husband) and a lever that switches control of the mechanical bodybetween the two hearts. The movie was to feature Christopher Lee and Leni Riefenstahl, but Telefilm Canada "declared the project a 'lateral move'" for Maddin and the movie could not secure enough funding, so wasaborted.Maddin consequently flirted with the idea of moving to Los Angeles to become a director-for-hire. He met with Claudia Lewis, who worked for Fox Searchlight, but Maddin found himself dispirited with theprojects he was offered: "I remember one was a love story set in a TB sanatorium. The only thing odd or bizarre about it was the very off-putting sight of people horking up blood and phlegm into little paper cups, andthese paper cups would accumulate in volume until there were moonlit paper cups of phlegm floating on a lake, and it was supposed to be very beautiful, but it was nauseating. I'm making it sound better than it was,actually." Maddin also directed the TV film The Hands of Ida (which he "later repudiated") and married Elise Moore in 1995 (the marriage ended in 1997), and directed the short film Odilon Redon, or The Eye Like aStrange Balloon Mounts Toward Infinity (which was commissioned by the BBC and won a Special Jury Citation at the Toronto International Film festival). In 1995, Maddin also became the youngest recipient ever of the


Passage 1:Mordechai RotenbergMordechai Rotenberg (born 1932) (Hebrew:  ) is an Israeli professor of social work at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.BiographyMordechai Rotenberg was bornin Breslau, Germany (today Wrocław, Poland). His father was from Warsaw, descended from Rabbi Yitzchak Meir Alter, the founder of the Gur Hasidic sect.  His father owned a publishing house in Breslau. In 1939, onthe eve of World War II, the family immigrated to Palestine. Rotenberg's father opened a small printing press in Jerusalem. Rotenberg grew up in a Haredi household, with three brothers and a sister.In 1960, hegraduated from the Hebrew University with a BA in education and sociology from the School of Social Work.  In 1962, he received his MSW from New York University. In 1969, he was awarded a Ph.D. in social welfareand social psychology at University of California, Berkeley.In 1970, Rotenberg joined the faculty of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, becoming a full professor in 1980. He founded a new sub-discipline in psychologyand religion.  He is the author of ten books, which have been translated into English, French, Portuguese and Japanese. Rotenberg has taught at University of Pennsylvania, University of California, Berkeley, the JewishTheological Seminary, City University of New York and Yeshiva University.Clinical approachRotenberg has developed innovative theories based on psychological interpretations of Hasidic and Midrashic concepts. Hedescribes his approach as "re-biography", i.e.,  "rereading one's biography so it becomes possible to live with the text." In an interview with Haaretz newspaper he said: "All of life is a text, and I am proposing a newterm - recomposition, rewriting the melody of life. You do not have to erase the past, but it can be re-composed, and to that end I cite examples from the Gemara."Tzimtzum paradigmRotenberg has adopted theKabbalistic-Hasidic tzimtzum paradigm, which he believes has significant implications for clinical therapy. According to this paradigm, God's "self-contraction" to vacate space for the world serves as a model for humanbehavior and interaction. The tzimtzum model promotes a unique community-centric approach which contrasts starkly with the language of Western psychology.AwardsIn 2009, Rotenberg was awarded the Israel Prizefor social work, in connection with his research in social welfare.Published worksDamnation and Deviance: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of FailureRewriting the Self: Psychotherapy and MidrashThe Yetzer: AKabbalistic Psychology of Eroticism and Human SexualityHasidic Psychology: Making Space for OthersCreativity and Sexuality: A Kabbalistic ExperienceBetween Rationality and Irrationality: The JewishPsychotherapeutic SystemDialogue With DevianceThe Trance of Terror, Psycho-Religious FundaMentalism: Roots and RemediesDia-logo Therapy: Psychonarration and PaRDeSRe-Biographing and Deviance:Psychotherapeutic Narrativism and the MidrashSee alsoList of Israel Prize recipientsPassage 2:Dave Grossman (game developer)Dave Grossman is an American game programmer and game designer, most known forhis work at Telltale Games and early work at LucasArts. He has also written several children's books, and a book of "guy poetry" called Ode to the Stuff in the Sink.Game industry careerGrossman joined LucasfilmGames, later known as LucasArts in 1989. At LucasArts, Grossman wrote and programmed The Secret of Monkey Island and Monkey Island 2: LeChuck's Revenge together with Ron Gilbert and Tim Schafer. He laterco-designed Day of the Tentacle.Grossman quit LucasArts in 1994 to begin a freelance career. For Humongous Entertainment, a company co-founded by Ron Gilbert, he helped create many critically acclaimed gamesaimed at children, such as the Pajama Sam series. Later he also wrote children's games for Hulabee Entertainment and Disney.He then designed adventure games at Telltale Games, a company founded by LucasArtsveterans. He joined Telltale in 2005 as lead designer. In 2009, he returned to his Monkey Island roots, as Design Director on Telltale Games' episodic Tales of Monkey Island.He left Telltale in August 2014 and joinedAmazon Alexa gaming specialists, Reactive Studios, in November 2014 as Chief Creative Officer. Reactive Studios has since changed its name to EarPlay.In 2020 he joined Ron Gilbert in developing Return to MonkeyIsland. The game was released in 2022.Children's booksLyrick Publishing published three books written by Grossman that were based on characters from Humongous Entertainment's games. They were Freddi Fish: TheBig Froople Match, Pajama Sam: Mission to the Moon, and Freddi Fish: The Missing Letters Mystery.For Fisher-Price/Nickelodeon, Grossman authored two interactive books, SpongeBob SquarePants: Sleepy Time andFairly OddParents: Squawkers.Other worksGrossman claimed that his interests in other works were often inspired by his father, "I guess I've inherited a certain restless tinkerer's curiosity from my father (who mainlyworks in words, wood, photography and architecture, often in combination)." This include his interests in writing, drawing, sculpture, and music.Grossman is the author of "Ode to the Stuff in the Sink: A Book of GuyPoetry," which he self-published in 2002. It contains a selection of illustrated poems dedicated to different aspects of male life, including inability to dance, old stuff in the fridge, and unwillingness to clean anything. Thebook is available from Dave Grossman's personal website, Phrenopolis.com. Many of the poems were first published in his Poem of the Week electronic mailing list.Grossman co-designed a successful robot toy forFisher-Price.Game contributionsGrossman also made contributions to The Dig, Total Annihilation, and Insecticide, and was a script editor on Voodoo Vince. He also designed the trophies / Steam achievements for theremastered version of Day of the Tentacle.Passage 3:Alan McKenzieAlan McKenzie is a British comics writer and editor known for his work at 2000 AD.BiographyMcKenzie worked for Marvel UK during the early 1980s,editing Starburst, Cinema and Doctor Who Monthly magazines. After leaving the Marvel staff in 1985, he wrote several Doctor Who comic stories for the Monthly under the pseudonym Max Stockbridge. He then wrotethree non-fiction books, The Harrison Ford Story (1985), Hollywood Tricks of the Trade (1986) and How to Draw and Sell Comic Strips (1987) before contributing comic scripts to IPC's Battle Action and later 2000 AD.In1987, he joined the editorial team of 2000 AD as a freelancer, and from 1987–1994 he created a number of stories including Bradley, Brigand Doom and Journal of Luke Kirby. He also served in 1994 as the comic'seditor.BibliographyComicsComics work includes:Doctor Who (with John Ridgway):"War-Game" (in Doctor Who Magazine #100-101, 1986)"Funhouse" (in Doctor Who Magazine #102-103, 1986)"Kane's Story" / "Abel'sStory" / "The Warrior's Story" / "Frobisher's Story" (in Doctor Who Magazine #104-107, 1986)"Exodus" / "Revelation" / "Genesis" (in Doctor Who Magazine #108-110, 1986)Tharg's Future Shocks:"The Star Warriors"(with Nik Williams, in 2000 AD #517, 1987)"Some One is Watching Me" (with Liam Sharp, in 2000 AD #531, 1987)"Bliss" (with Mark Farmer, in 2000 AD #571, 1988)Universal Soldier (with Will Simpson & BrettEwins):"Universal Soldier" (in 2000 AD #537-543, 1987)"Universal Soldier II" (in 2000 AD #672-682, 1990)"Universal Soldier: The Indestructible Man" (in 2000 AD #750-759, 1991)The Journal of Luke Kirby:"SummerMagic" (with John Ridgway, in 2000 AD #571-577, 1988)"A Winter's Tale" (with Graham Higgins, in 2000 AD Winter Special 1, 1988)"The Dark Path" (with John Ridgway, in 2000 AD Sci-Fi Special 1990)"The NightWalker" (with John Ridgway, in 2000 AD #800-812, 1992)"Sympathy for the Devil Prologue" (with John Ridgway, in 2000 AD #850-851, 1993)"Trick or Treat" (with John Ridgway, in 2000 AD 1994 Yearbook,1993)"Sympathy for the Devil" (with Steve Parkhouse, in 2000 AD #873-877 and 884-888, 1994)"The Old Straight Track" (with Steve Parkhouse, in 2000 AD #954 - 963, 1995)"The Price" (with John Ridgway, in 2000AD #972, 1995)Moon Runners (with Massimo Belardinelli):"Moonrunners" (co-written with Steve Parkhouse, in 2000 AD #591-606, 1988)"Moonrunners: Old Acquaintance" (in 2000 AD #641-644, 1989)Bradley (withSimon Harrison):"Bradley Goes Pop" (in 2000 AD #660-682, 1990)"Bradley's Bedtime Stories" (in 2000 AD #795-799, 825-827, 1992–1993)"Bradley: The Sprog Prince" (in 2000 AD #885-888, 1994)"Bradley: Masterof the Martial Arts" (in 2000 AD #901-903, 1994)Brigand Doom (with Dave D'Antiquis):"Brigand Doom" (in 2000 AD #717-722, 1991)"Voodoo Child" (in 2000 AD #764-773, 1992)"Spirits Willing" (in 2000 AD#815-818, 1992–1993)"House of Games" (in 2000 AD #897-899, 1994)"Account Yorga-Vampire" (in 2000 AD #932-936, 1995)Tales from Beyond Science (with Rian Hughes, tpb, 88 pages, Image Comics, January2012, ISBN 1-60706-471-5) collects:"The Music Man" (in 2000 AD #775, 1992)"Agents of Mu-Mu" (in 2000 AD #777, 1992)Mean Arena: "Mean Arena" (with Anthony Williams, in 2000 AD #852-863, 1993)Soul GunWarrior (with Shaky Kane):"Soul Gun Warrior" (with co-writer M. Coulthard, in 2000 AD #867-872, 1993–1994)"Soul Gun Assassin" (with co-writer M. Coulthard, in 2000 AD #920-925, 1994–1995)Tharg's TerrorTales:"The Last Victim" (with Mick Austin, in 2000 AD #840, 1993)"Meat is Meat" (with Mick Austin, in 2000 AD Yearbook 1994), 1993)"The Succubus" (with Paul Johnson, in 2000 AD #894, 1994)Vector 13 (createdformat, with Dave D'Antiquis):"Case Five: The Henderson Event" (in 2000 AD #955, 1995)"Case Five: Assassin" (in 2000 AD #992, 1996)Chopper: "Supersurf 13" (with John Higgins, 2000 AD #964-971,1995)BooksNon-comics work includes:The Harrison Ford Story (Arbor House, 1984, ISBN 0-87795-667-7, Zomba Books, 1985, ISBN 0-946391-64-5, Air Pirate Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-9569149-1-0)How to Draw andSell Comic Strips (1987/1996/2005, Titan Books, ISBN 1-84576-076-X)Hollywood Tricks of the Trade (co-author, Gallery Books, 1987, ISBN 0-8317-4240-2)Passage 4:Joseph L. ArmstrongJoseph L. Armstrong was aprofessor at Duke University (at the time, called "Trinity College") best known for reforming Duke's curriculum in the late nineteenth century, changing it to a German research university model with the help of JohnFranklin Crowell. Armstrong did his undergraduate work at Johns Hopkins University and graduate work at the University of Leipzig.Passage 5:David ShuteDavid Shute is a British journalist, best known for his work atthe BBC.CareerShute was educated at Brentwood School in Essex. While working on newspapers in Reading he was auditioned by the BBC in Bristol and immediately signed on contract. He made a reputation forengaging in adventurous broadcasts such as deep sea diving, riding on the back of a Royal Artillery motorcycle during a display and, while covering a story on the changing face of circus life, going on the flying trapeze.David Shute was the first person to broadcast live to the UK while travelling through the sound barrier. He is regularly on BBC Radio Four's Today programme. As a reporter he covered conflicts in Borneo and Sarawakwhich resulted in the Radio Four programme The Quiet Confrontation, produced by Roy Hayward. He also covered the troubles in Aden and the Radfan.He was promoted to the post of Senior Talks Producer at the BBC'sPebble Mill studios. There he built a reputation for mounting outside broadcasts. He maintained a productive association with the Royal Shakespeare Company at Stratford upon Avon and worked with actors includingIan Richardson, Richard Pasco and Margaret Tyzack. He directed Richardson's memorable radio performance of Nevil Shute's Requiem for a Wren, which was featured as a Book at Bedtime. He gave David Suchet hisfirst broadcast job, reading a "Morning Story".Outside the BBC he wrote and produced Warwick Castle Mediaeval Banquet, which ran for more than 17 years. He later founded a Production Company specialising in Videoand Conference Production.RetirementLiving in retirement in Spain, Shute works as a lecturer on cruise ships covering such topics as "broadcasting" and "the musical theatre", accompanied by recordings of his work asa reporter. Ashore he finds himself in demand as an after dinner speaker.Passage 6:Christopher ShinnChristopher Shinn (born 1975) is an American playwright. His play Dying City (2006) was a finalist for the 2008Pulitzer Prize for Drama, and Where Do We Live (2004) won the 2005 Obie Award, Playwriting.Early lifeShinn was born in Hartford, Connecticut in 1975 and lives in New York. He earned a BFA, Dramatic Writing, fromNew York University.The Royal Court Theatre in London produced his first play Four and commissioned several plays from him. Shinn said: "The fifteen years I was embraced by the Court allowed me to become theartist I am today."CareerIn an article about Shinn, Rob Weinert-Kendt observed: "If playwright Christopher Shinn has a signature character, it is the manipulative victim — the half-sympathetic, half-deplorable sort ofperson whose suffering is real but who uses it as rationale for bad behavior." As an example, in Dying City, "Shinn conjured twin terrors: a pair of brothers, one a straight soldier shipping off to Iraq, the other asuccessful gay actor."Four was produced by the Royal Court Theatre in their Young Writers' Festival in 1998. The play was produced by the Worth Street Company at the TriBeCa Playhouse, New York City, in July 2001,directed by Jeff Cohen. It was produced by the Manhattan Theatre Club at Stage II in association with the Worth Street Company in January 2002.Other People premiered at the Royal Court Theatre, Jerwood TheatreUpstairs in March 2000, directed by Dominic Cooke and featuring Daniel Evans, Doraly Rosen, James Frain, and Neil Newbon. The play opened Off-Broadway at Playwrights Horizonss New Theater Wing in October 2000.The play takes place in the East Village in 1997 shortly before Christmas, and involves roommates, current and former, all artists in various fields.Where Do We Live opened Off-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatre,running from May 11, 2004, to May 30, 2004. Directed by Shinn, the cast featured Emily Bergl, Daryl Edwards, Jesse Tyler Ferguson, Luke MacFarlane, Burl Moseley, Jacob Pitts, Aaron Stanford, Liz Stauber and AaronYoo. The play won the 2005 Obie Award, Playwriting and was nominated for the 2005 GLAAD Media Awards, Outstanding New York Theater: Broadway and Off-Broadway. It was first produced at the Royal Court in May2002.His play Dying City was produced Off-Broadway by Lincoln Center Theater at the Mitzi E. Newhouse Theatre, from February 15, 2007, in previews, officially on March 4, 2007, to April 29, 2007. Directed by JamesMacdonald the cast starred Rebecca Brooksher and Pablo Schreiber. The play had its world premiere in 2006 at the Royal Court Theatre in London. The play was a finalist for the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for Drama.Shinn'splay Now or Later premiered at the Royal Court Theatre in London from 3 September 2008 to 1 November 2008. Directed by Dominic Cooke, the cast featured Eddie Redmayne, Matthew Marsh, Adam James, DomhnallGleason, Nancy Crane and Pamela Nomvete. The play takes place during a U.S. presidential election and focuses on the crisis that the gay son of the Democratic candidate is undergoing. The play had its US premiere atthe Huntington Theatre Company, Boston in October 2012. Adriane Lenox, Tom Nelis and Grant MacDermott are featured, with direction by Michael Wilson.His adaptation of Hedda Gabler premiered on Broadway at theRoundabout Theatre Company American Airlines Theatre, from January 6, 2009, to March 29, 2009. The play was directed by Ian Rickson and starred Mary-Louise Parker as Hedda Tesman, Michael Cerveris as JorgenTesman, Peter Stormare as Judge Brack, and Paul Sparks as Ejlert Lovborg.Teddy Ferrara was commissioned by the Goodman Theatre, Chicago, and premiered there from February 2, 2013, to March 3, 2013, directedby Evan Cabnet. The play involves a gay college student, Gabe, whose life is complicated by a tragedy on campus. The play was produced in London at the Donmar Warehouse in October 2015, directed by DominicCooke.An Opening in Time premiered at Hartford Stage, running from September 17 to October 11, 2015, directed by Oliver Butler. The play is set in New England and focuses on Anne, in her 60s, seeking to reconnectwith a man from her past.Against premiered at the Almeida Theatre, running from August 12 to September 30, 2017, directed by Ian Rickson and starring Ben Whishaw. The play is about a Silicon Valley billionaire whogoes on a quest to try to get America to address its problem with violence.His adaptation of Judgment Day premiered at Park Avenue Armory on December 5, 2019.The Narcissist premiered at Chichester FestivalTheatre, running from August 26 to September 24, 2022, directed by Josh Seymour and starring Harry Lloyd and Claire Skinner. The play is about a political consultant who is being courted by a Senator as his personallife faces crisis.Other workHe wrote Sandcastle for "The 24 Hour Plays" which was performed on September 24, 2001, starring Liev Schrieber and Lili Taylor. He wrote Dance of Life for the 2003 version of "The 24 HourPlays", which was performed at the American Airlines Theatre in September 2003 and starred Rachel Dratch, Catherine Kellner and Sam Rockwell.He participated in the Bush Theatre's 2011 project Sixty Six Bookswhere he wrote a piece based upon a book of the King James Bible.He wrote a short play for Headlong's 2011 project Decade about the impact and legacy of 9/11.He has also written short plays for Naked Angels, andthe New York International Fringe Festival.Shinn's plays are published in collections from Theatre Communications Group and Methuen, and in acting editions from Dramatists Play Service.Shinn teaches playwriting atThe New School for Drama.BibliographySource: Internet Off-Broadway DatabaseFour—1998, Royal Court TheatreOther People—2000, Royal Court TheatreThe Coming World—2001, Soho Theatre, LondonWhere Do WeLive—2002, Royal Court TheatreWhat Didn't Happen—2002, Playwrights HorizonsOn the Mountain—2005, Playwrights HorizonsDying City—2006, Royal Court TheatreNow or Later—2008, Royal Court TheatreHeddaGabler (adaptation)—2009, Roundabout Theatre Company, American Airlines TheatrePicked—2011, Vineyard TheatreTeddy Ferrara—2013, Goodman TheatreAn Opening in Time—2015, Hartford StageAgainst—2017,Almeida TheatreJudgment Day (adaptation)—2019, Park Avenue ArmoryThe Narcissist—2022, Chichester Festival TheatreAwards and honorsFor Dying City, Shinn was a 2008 Pulitzer Prize finalist, was nominated forthe 2007 Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Play, and was nominated for the TMA Award for Best New Play (2006). Shinn won the Obie Award in Playwriting (2005) for Where Do We Live and was nominated for anOlivier Award for Most Promising Playwright (2003) for Where Do We Live He was shortlisted for the Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Play (2008) for Now or Later and the South Bank Show Award for Theatre(2008) for Now or Later. In 2020, he was nominated for a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Adaptation for Judgment Day.He received a Guggenheim Fellowship in Playwriting (2005). He has received grants from theNEA/TCG Residency Program and the Peter S. Reed Foundation, and he is a recipient of the Robert Chesley Award for Lesbian and Gay Playwriting.He was a 2019-2020 Radcliffe Fellow at Harvard. In 2020–2021, he wasa Cullman Fellow at New York Public Library.Personal lifeShinn is openly gay. In 2012, Shinn was diagnosed with Ewing's sarcoma, a rare form of bone cancer, and had part of his left leg amputated.Passage 7:JaneWymanJane Wyman ( WY-mn; born Sarah Jane Mayfield; January 5, 1917 – September 10, 2007) was an American actress. She received an Academy Award, three Golden Globe Awards and nominations for twoPrimetime Emmy Awards.Wyman's professional career began at age 16 in 1933, when she signed with Warner Bros. A popular contract player, she frequently played the leading lady, appearing in films such as PublicWedding (1937), Brother Rat (1938), its sequel Brother Rat and a Baby (1940), Bad Men of Missouri (1941), Stage Fright (1950), So Big (1953), Magnificent Obsession (1954), and All That Heaven Allows (1955). Shereceived four nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress, winning for Johnny Belinda (1948). In her later years, she achieved continuing success on the soap opera Falcon Crest (1981–1990), portraying the