Passage 1:Konstantin LopushanskyKonstantin Sergeyevich Lopushansky (Russian: Константин Сергеевич Лопушанский; born June 12, 1947) is a Soviet and Russian film director, film theorist and author. He is bestknown for directing the apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic films Dead Man's Letters (1986), A Visitor to a Museum (1989), Russian Symphony (1994), and The Ugly Swans (2006).In 1997, Lopushansky was awarded theHonored Artist of the Russian Federation honorary title. In 2007, he was awarded the People's Artist of Russia honorary title, the highest Russian civilian honor for performing arts.BiographyEarly lifeKonstantinLopushansky was born on June 12, 1947, in Dnepropetrovsk, Ukrainian SSR. His mother was Sofia Petrovna Lopushanskaya, who worked as a linguistic professor at Volgograd State University. His father was SergeiTimofeyevich Lopushansky, a front-line soldier who died in 1953 from wounds he sustained in war.Education and early careerIn 1970, Konstantin Lopushansky graduated from Kazan Conservatory as a violinist, and in1973 he completed a postgraduate course at Leningrad Conservatory with a Ph.D. thesis in art criticism. Afterwards, Lopushansky taught at the Kazan and Leningrad conservatories for several years. Lopushansky tookhigher courses for scriptwriters and film directors from the director's department at the workshop of Emil Loteanu.Upon graduating from the directorial courses in 1979, Lopushansky assisted Andrei Tarkovsky indirecting the legendary film Stalker, based on the novel Roadside Picnic by Boris Strugatsky.Lopushansky's thesis film Solo made in 1980 was about a musician playing his last concert during the Siege ofLeningrad.Since 1980 Lopushansky has worked as a production director at the Lenfilm cinema studio.Dead Man's Letters and breakthroughIn 1986, Konstantin Lopushansky made his feature film directorial debut withthe post-apocalyptic film Dead Man's Letters, which was co-written by Boris Strugatsky. It was screened at the International Critics' Week section of the Cannes Film Festival in 1987 and received the FIPRESCI prize atthe 35th International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg.Lopushanksy's 1989 film A Visitor to a Museum was entered into the 16th Moscow International Film Festival where it won the Silver St. George and the Prix ofEcumenical Jury.Lopushansky's 1994 film Russian Symphony was screened in the Forum section of the 45th Berlin International Film Festival where it received the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury.Lopushansky made the2006 film The Ugly Swans, based on the novel by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky. The science-fiction film was about a writer who visits a boarding school for gifted children where the teachers are mutants.Lopushansky's2013 drama film The Role told the story of an actor who decides to impersonate a deceased commander of the Red Army. It was shown in competition at the 35th Moscow International Film Festival. It received the NikaAward for Best Screenplay.Konstantin Lopushansky's drama film Through the Black Glass was released in 2019.FilmographyPassage 2:Vyacheslav RybakovVyacheslav Rybakov (Russian: Вячеслав МихайловичРыбаков; born January 1954 in Leningrad), is a Russian science fiction author and an orientalist, interested in the medieval bureaucracy of China. He is a frequent collaborator with science fiction director KonstantinLopushansky. Screenwriting for his films The Ugly Swans, based on the 1972 novel by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky. As well as Dead Man's Letters in 1986, which he would later receive a Governmental Award of theRSFSR for the screenplay in 1987 after its premiere at the Toronto Film Festival.BiographyRybakov graduated from the Oriental Studies Department of the Leningrad State University in 1976, mostly focusing on writingsabout the medieval bureaucracy of China and started. Soon after he studied at the Leningrad branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences Oriental Institute where he was able to publish over 40 thesis papers. Whilestudying at Leningrad, the KGB had gained access to rough drafts of his anti-Soviet novel Trust due to Rybakov sending drafts to friends and classmates. This resulted in the copies being seized by the KGB and awarning. Although the KGB has checked in with Rybakov several years later, Rybakov insisted on writing the final draft of the novel using previous remaining drafts and memory. The novel was later published a decadelater. In 1983, Rybakov had met Konstantin Lopushansky to discuss writing the screenplay for his film Dead Man's Letters. The process of developing the film allowed both artists to freely express their visions for theproduction of the film and further productions further on, this was a stark contrast to Russia's strict censorship rules at the time.Science fictionAmong Rybakov's works were first published and include the prize-winningnovels: Fireplace on a Tower (Ochag na bashne, 1990), and Gravilyot Tsesarevitch (1993) which depicts an alternative world featuring a Russian Empire in which communism is merely a religion, and our world is just aninsane scientific experiment.His Death of Ivan Ilyich (1997) reveals the inner world of a contemporary person in a moment before his death.The novel Na budushchiy god v Moskve (In the adjacent year in Moscow,2003) explores a Russia torn apart into small, poor countries, ruled by those idealists of the late Soviet Union who sincerely hated totalitarianism but didn't notice any good features of the nation, ruined the wholesystem of government and survived with help of the West. In the story, space is ruled by Darths and Vaders, and a Russian rocket scientist Ivan Obiwankin attempts to resurrect his people's feelings of nationalism bylaunching his own space ship.Rybakov preaches equality of cultures and states that cultures are often based on restrictions, and that simply removing the restrictions as anti-democratic may ruin the culture. Rybakov'snovel also examines the Russian mentality, criticizing its tendency to understand and agree with the positions of others as an inappropriate way to deal with the encroaching Western civilization. He argues that all livingcivilizations are unique, and that in the future it may become essential to save some other civilization from stagnation, because a world ruled by only one civilization has no future.He shows through an example of theruined family of the main character Alexey that, "the surest way for you to cease being esteemed and appreciated... even just loved... is to implicitly cede something essential and principal."Vyacheslav Rybakov andIgor Alimov were also the authors  of There are no bad people. The work was originally attributed to Holm van Zaichik but was later proved to be a hoax. The series tells the story of the world of the Orduss, a fictionalcountry with a humane and rich culture, that unifies lands of China, Russia and the Near East.English translationsArtist (Story)The Trial Sphere (Story)Passage 3:The Dance of Death (1948 film)The Dance of Death(French: La danse de mort, Italian: La prigioniera dell'isola) is a 1948 French-Italian drama film directed by Marcel Cravenne and starring Erich von Stroheim, Denise Vernac and Palau. It is based on August Strindberg'sThe Dance of Death.The film's sets were designed by Georges Wakhévitch.PlotAn egocentric artillery Captain and his venomous wife engage in savage unremitting battles in their isolated island fortress off the coast ofSweden at the turn of the century. Alice, a former actress who sacrificed her career for secluded military life with Edgar, reveals on the occasion of their 25th wedding anniversary, the veritable hell their marriage hasbeen. Edgar, an aging schizophrenic who refuses to acknowledge his severe illness, struggles to sustain his ferocity and arrogance with an animal disregard for other people. Sensing that Alice, together with her cousinand would-be lover, Kurt, may ally against him, retaliates with vicious force. Alice lures Kurt into the illusion of sharing a passionate assignation and recruits him in a plot to destroy Edgar.CastErich von Stroheim asEdgarDenise Vernac as ThéaPalau as Le sergent / Il sergenteMassimo Serato as Stéphane / StefanoPaul Oettly as Le général / Il generaleMarie OlivierHenri Pons as Le timonier / Il timoniereRoberto VillaGaleazzoBentiMargo Lion as Mathilde - la servanteJean Servais as KurtMaría Denis as RitaRoberto BerteaPassage 4:Dead Man's LettersDead Man's Letters (Russian: Письма мёртвого человека, romanized: Pis'ma myortvogocheloveka), also known as Letters from a Dead Man, is a 1986 Soviet post-apocalyptic drama film directed and written by Konstantin Lopushansky. He wrote it along with Vyacheslav Rybakov and Boris Strugatsky. Itmarks his directorial debut.The film was screened at the International Critics' Week section of the Cannes Film Festival in 1987and received the FIPRESCI prize at the 35th International FilmfestivalMannheim-Heidelberg.In the aftermath of nuclear apocalypse, a group of people are forced to live underground in bunkers. They cannot go outside their dwellings without wearing protective clothing and gas masks.They try to find hope in the disturbing new world. Among these people is a history teacher who tries to contact via letters his missing son.PlotThe film is set in a town after a nuclear war; the town is destroyed andpolluted with radioactive elements. The main character, Professor Larsen, played by Rolan Bykov, is a Nobel Prize in Physics laureate, who lives in the basement of a museum along with his sick wife and several otherpeople who used to work at the museum. He often writes letters to his son Eric, though he has no way of contacting him. Larsen believes the war has ended and that more surviving humans exist outside the centralbunker, but nobody else believes his theories.Larsen visits an orphanage where the current caretaker of the surviving children explains that she's thinking of evacuating to the central bunker, though may have to leavethe children behind as they likely won't be allowed in since they're sick, to Larsen's disapproval. Larsen is informed that he also might be rejected from entering the central bunker due to his old age. With his wife'shealth declining, Larsen sneaks past several soldiers during curfew hours and attempts to find medicine for his wife, escaping from a military raid in the process. When he returns to the museum's basement, however,he finds that his wife died. The other museum employees bury her body.In one of his letters to Eric, Larsen tells a darkly humorous story on how someone failed to prevent the nuclear war. According to him, an operatorfrom an electronics center had a chance to cancel the first missile launch (which happened due to a computer error), but was unable to reach the computer in time to abort the launch as he was slowed down by a cup ofcoffee in his hands. The operator then hung himself in return.Larsen makes a trip to the central bunker in an effort to find Eric. After sneaking into a medical facility, he enters the children's department, only to find allthe children sick, injured, and screaming in agony, much to Larsen's horror.After returning to the museum's basement, he finds that a museum employee is about to take his life as he thinks the history of mankind hasended and that mankind was doomed from the very beginning. He then leaves the group, lies down in a grave, and shoots himself dead, to the horror of his son. Later, while salvaging books from a flooded library,Larsen talks with a man who disagrees with his theory on how there's hope for mankind, referencing how Jesus said mankind was doomed.Larsen visits the orphanage where he learns the children were rejected fromentering the central bunker. The caretaker leaves the children for Larsen to look after, as she is evacuating to the central bunker herself. The remaining museum employees also evacuate to the central bunker, thoughLarsen stays behind to look after the children (it's assumed they're the only people left in the town). On Christmas Day, Larsen creates a makeshift Christmas tree out of sticks and candles while the children designChristmas ornaments to decorate it with. In his final letter to Eric, Larsen writes that he finally found purpose in life and that he hopes his son doesn't leave him alone in the world.The final scene is narrated by one ofthe children Larsen looked after, who explains that Larsen died some time later. On his deathbed, he told the children to leave the museum and find somewhere else to go while they have the strength, still believing thatlife exists elsewhere. The film ends with the children wandering through the apocalyptic landscape together, their fates unknown.CastRolan Bykov - Professor LarsenVatslav Dvorzhetsky - PastorVera Mayorova -AnnaVadim LobanovViktor MikhaylovSvetlana Smirnova - TheresaVladimir BessekernyhVyacheslav Vasiliev - doctor dosimetristNatalya VlasovaThemesDue to the heated climate between North America and Russiaduring the events of The Cold War, many critics believe that Dead Man's Letters is a response to American films like WarGames and The Day After discussing their perspective on the Nuclear Arms Race. TBS purchasedthe rights to show Dead Man's Letters, deciding to air it alongside Amerika, a twelve-hour ABC miniseries about what the United States would be like as a Soviet satellite state. The heavy reliance on themes like warfare,uncertainty, and grief as well as Americans involved in the war are interwoven through the production design from Yelena Amshinskaya and Viktor Ivanov. The use of defense equipment in the film, including gas masksand shelter equipment,  makes its portrayal of a post-nuclear setting an eerie mirror image of the Soviet program.ProductionAround the time the film started production, it was common knowledge that Russia had astrict censorship policy following the death of Stalin, resulting in a three year waiting period for Lopushansky and the crew consisting of various re-rewrites, possibly most likely due to Vyacheslav Rybakov's involvementwith anti-Soviet literature and run-ins with the KGB. However, censorship started to loosen around the mid to late 80s towards discussing sensitive topics regarding current or previous events in Russia's history, soproducers and film studios became more lenient with what was shown in cinemas. Gorbachev established a policy of allowing more open discussion of previously sensitive political issues making it possible for wellconnected civil defense skeptics to popularize their views. The patronage of Anatoly Gromyko-historian, member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and son of Soviet foreign minister Andrei Gromyko enabled theproduction by Lenfilm in 1986 of the first portrayal of the aftermath of nuclear war in Soviet cinema.Before production started on this film and his short Solo, Lopunshansky served as an apprentice for Tarkovsky andwould later work as a production assistant for his 1979 film Stalker. Tarkovsky's teachings played a huge influence on Lopushansky's directing style as well as many aspects of the film from the set design,cinematography, and signature slow yet otherworldly pacing. In a 2017 interview with Indie Cinema, Lopunshansky states  "I noticed that his lectures, in fact, are not about certain professional skills, but are morephilosophical, about understanding the essence of art, its essence." This can be seen through the film's brutal realism and constant feelings of hopelessness and confusion, a sentiment shared with by various membersof the crew. The use of monochrome coloring on the film stock gives a resemblance to the greenish tint seen in various scenes in Stalker, in order to give the film a more foreboding atmosphere.ReceptionIn 1989, TheNew York Times  published a somewhat positive review of the film. Praising the film for its brutal realism and stunning set design, but found that the film was somewhat dismissed by its meandering in certain scenesstating "despite its technical virtues, seems just a bit too contrived to truly convince, much less to deeply move. Yet, in stripping the ideological gloss from the vision of ultimate calamity, Mr. Lopushinsky does succeedin creating a cultural artifact that makes the specter of the most dreadful possible event common to both sides of the superpower divide".See alsoVyacheslav RybakovList of nuclear holocaust fictionNuclear weapons inpopular culturePassage 5:Michael VerhoevenMichael Verhoeven (born 13 July 1938) is a German film director.Life and workVerhoeven is the son of the German film director Paul Verhoeven (not to be confused with theDutch film director Paul Verhoeven). He married actress Senta Berger in 1966; their sons are actor-director Simon Verhoeven (born 1972) and actor Luca Verhoeven (born 1979). Together, the couple have a productioncompany to make films. The 1970 anti-Vietnam War film, o.k. was entered into the 20th Berlin International Film Festival, but led to a scandal that forced the collapse of the festival without the awarding of any prizes.In1982, Verhoeven released Die weiße Rose (The White Rose), which, with the Best Foreign film nomination of Das schreckliche Mädchen (The Nasty Girl) in 1990, cemented his reputation as an important politicalcontributor to German film. Along with his films My Mother's Courage and documentary Der unbekannte Soldat (The Unknown Soldier), they have been hailed as an unstinting examination of Germany's Nazi period. In1992, he was a member of the jury at the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival.Awards1990 Silver Bear for Best Director, 40th Berlin International Film Festival for The Nasty Girl1995 Bavarian Film Awards, BestProduction2006 Bavarian Film Awards, Honorary AwardSelected filmographyDirectorFilmThe Dance of Death (1967) – based on The Dance of Death by August StrindbergUp the Establishment (1969) – screenplay byFranz GeigerStudent of the Bedroom (1970) – screenplay by Volker Vogeler, based on a novel by Finn Søeborgo.k. (1970)He Who Loves in a Glass House (1971)MitGift (1976)Scrounged Meals (1977) – screenplay byElke Heidenreich and Bernd SchroederSunday Children (1980) – based on a play by Gerlind ReinshagenDie weiße Rose (1982)Killing Cars (1986)The Nasty Girl (1990)My Mother's Courage (1995) – based on a story byGeorge TaboriLet's Go! (2014) – based on an autobiographical novel by Laura WacoTelevisionDer Kommissar: Dr. Meinhardts trauriges Ende (1970, TV series episode)Tatort: Kressin und der Mann mit dem gelbenKoffer (1972, TV series episode)Ein unheimlich starker Abgang (1973) – based on a play by Harald SommerKrempoli – Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (1975, TV series)Die Herausforderung (1975) – screenplay by ElkeHeidenreich and Bernd SchroederBier und Spiele (1977, TV series) – screenplay by Bernd SchroederDas Männerquartett (1978) – based on a novel by Leonhard Frank1982: Gutenbach (1978) – screenplay by MichaelMansfeldVerführungen (1979) – screenplay by Elke HeidenreichFreundinnen: Edith und Marlene (1979, TV series episode) – screenplay by Elke Heidenreich and Irene RodrianAm Südhang (1980) – screenplay byManfred Bieler, based on a novella by Eduard von KeyserlingDie Ursache (1980) – based on a novella and a play by Leonhard FrankDie Mutprobe (1982)Das Tor zum Glück (1984)Stinkwut (1986) – based on a play byFitzgerald KuszGundas Vater (1987)Gegen die Regel (1987) – screenplay by Daniel ChristoffIgnaz Semmelweis – Arzt der Frauen (1988) – biographical film about Ignaz SemmelweisDie schnelle Gerdi (1989, TVseries)Schlaraffenland (1990)Lilli Lottofee (1992, TV series)Eine unheilige Liebe (1993)Zimmer mit Frühstück (2000) – screenplay by Conny LensEnthüllung einer Ehe (2000) – screenplay with Nicole Walter-LingenDieschnelle Gerdi, second season (2004, TV series)Tatort: Die Spieler (2005, TV series episode)Bloch: Vergeben, nicht vergessen (2008, TV series episode)Bloch: Heißkalte Seele (2012, TV series episode)Bloch: DieLavendelkönigin (2013, TV series episode)Glückskind (2014) – based on a novel by Steven UhlyDocumentary and short filmsTische (1970)Bonbons (1971)Coiffeur (1973)Liebe Melanie (1983) – film about MelanieHoreschowskyDas Mädchen und die Stadt oder: Wie es wirklich war (1990)The Legend of Mrs. Goldman and the Almighty God (1996) – with George TaboriGeorge Tabori – Theater ist Leben (1998) – film about GeorgeTaboriDer Fall Liebl (2001)Die kleine Schwester – Die weiße Rose: Ein Vermächtnis (2002)Der unbekannte Soldat (The Unknown Soldier, 2006)Menschliches Versagen (Human Failure, 2008)The Second Execution ofRomell Broom (2012)ProducerDie Spider Murphy Gang (dir. Georg Kostya, 1983)Welcome to Germany (dir. Simon Verhoeven, 2016)ActorThe Flying Classroom (1954), as FerdinandMarianne of My Youth (1955), asAlexisThe Crammer (1958), as Peter WielandThat's No Way to Land a Man (1959), as Horst BurkhardtThe Juvenile Judge (1960), as Fred KaiserMit 17 weint man nicht (1960), as Richard DengerThe House in


Passage 1:Thomas Scott (diver)Thomas Scott (1907 - date of death unknown) was an English diver.BoxingHe competed in the 10 metre platform at the 1930 British Empire Games for England.Personal lifeHe was apolice officer at the time of the 1930 Games.Passage 2:William Jolliffe, 4th Baron HyltonWilliam George Hervey Jolliffe, 4th Baron Hylton (2 December 1898 – 14 November 1967), was a British peer and soldier.Hyltonwas the son of Hylton Jolliffe, 3rd Baron Hylton, and Lady Alice Adeliza Hervey. He achieved the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in the Coldstream Guards and also served as Lord Lieutenant of Somerset from 1949 to 1964.Lord Hylton married Lady Perdita Rose Mary Asquith, daughter of Katharine and Raymond Asquith, eldest son of Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, in 1931. He died in November 1967, aged 68.He was succeeded in his titlesby his elder son Raymond. The writer (of eg. Raymond Asquith: Life and Letters) John Hedworth Jolliffe is his younger son; his daughter Mary is the wife of John Paget Chancellor, son of Christopher Chancellor ofReuters. Mary and John Chancellor are the parents of the actress Anna Chancellor and the financial historian Edward Chancellor.Passage 3:William Jolliffe, 1st Baron HyltonWilliam George Hylton Jolliffe, 1st BaronHylton  (7 December 1800 – 1 June 1876), known as Sir William Jolliffe, Bt, between 1821 and 1866, was a British soldier and Conservative politician. He was a member of the Earl of Derby's first two administrations asUnder-Secretary of State for the Home Department in 1852 and as Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury between 1858 and 1859.BackgroundJolliffe was the son of Reverend William John Jolliffe, the son of WilliamJolliffe and his wife Eleanor Hylton, daughter and heir of Sir Richard Hylton, 5th Baronet (who had assumed the surname of Hylton in lieu of his patronymic Musgrave; see Musgrave Baronets) and his wife Anne, sisterand co-heiress of John Hylton, de jure 18th Baron Hylton. Jolliffe first served in the Army and achieved the rank of captain in the 15th Dragoons. He notably took part in the events at St Peter's Field in Manchester in1819 (the "Peterloo Massacre"). In 1821, at the age of twenty, Jolliffe was created a Baronet, of Merstham in the County of Surrey.Political careerJolliffe served a year as High Sheriff of Surrey in 1830 and then sat as aMember of Parliament for Petersfield from 1830 to 1832, 1837 to 1838 and 1841 to 1866 and served under the Earl of Derby as Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department in 1852 and as ParliamentarySecretary to the Treasury from 1858 to 1859. He was admitted to the Privy Council in 1859 and in 1866 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Hylton, of Hylton in the County Palatine of Durham and of Petersfield in theCounty of Southampton.CricketJolliffe played a single first-class match for Hampshire in 1825 against Sussex. Jolliffe scored 12 runs in the match.FamilyLord Hylton married, firstly, Eleanor Paget, daughter of the Hon.Berkeley Thomas Paget, in 1825. Their eldest son Hylton Jolliffe was a captain in the Coldstream Guards but died from cholera during the Crimean War. Hylton married, secondly, Sophia Penelope, daughter of Sir RobertSheffield, 4th Baronet, and widow of William Fox-Strangways, 4th Earl of Ilchester, in 1867. He died at Merstham House near Reigate on 1 June 1876, aged 75, and was succeeded in his titles by his second but eldestsurviving son from his first marriage, Hedworth. His granddaughter Gertrude Crawford became the first commandant of the Women's Royal Air Force.Passage 4:Bill Smith (footballer, born 1897)William Thomas Smith (9April 1897 – after 1924) was an English professional footballer.CareerDuring his amateur career, Smith played in 17 finals, and captained the Third Army team in Germany when he was stationed in Koblenz after thearmistice during the First World War. He started his professional career with Hull City in 1921. After making no appearances for the club, he joined Leadgate Park. He joined Durham City in 1921, making 33 leagueappearances in the club's first season in the Football League.He joined York City in the Midland League in July 1922, where he scored the club's first goal in that competition. He made 75 appearances for the club in theMidland League and five appearances in the FA Cup before joining Stockport County in 1925, where he made no league appearances.Passage 5:Etan BoritzerEtan Boritzer (born 1950) is an American writer of children’sliterature who is best known for his book What is God? first published in 1989. His best selling What is? illustrated children's book series on character education and difficult subjects for children is a popular teachingguide for parents, teachers and child-life professionals.Boritzer gained national critical acclaim after What is God? was published in 1989 although the book has caused controversy from religious fundamentalists for itsuniversalist views. The other current books in the What is? series include: What is Love?, What is Death?, What is Beautiful?, What is Funny?, What is Right?, What is Peace?, What is Money?, What is Dreaming?, Whatis a Friend?, What is True?, What is a Family?, and What is a Feeling? The series is now also translated into 15 languages.Boritzer was first published in 1963 at the age of 13 when he wrote an essay in his English classat Wade Junior High School in the Bronx, New York on the assassination of John F. Kennedy. His essay was included in a special anthology by New York City public school children compiled and published by the NewYork City Department of Education.Boritzer now lives in Venice, California and maintains his publishing office there also. He has helped numerous other authors to get published through How to Get Your Book Published!programs. Boritzer is also a yoga teacher who teaches regular classes locally and guest-teaches nationally. He is also recognized nationally as an erudite speaker on The Teachings of the Buddha.Passage 6:HenryHylton, de jure 12th Baron HyltonHenry Hylton, de jure 12th Baron Hylton (1586 – 30 March 1641) was an English nobleman.Hylton was the eldest son of Thomas Hylton (himself the son of William Hylton, de jure 11thBaron Hylton) and his wife, Anne née Bowes (daughter of Sir George Bowes of Streatlam Castle). In 1600, Hylton inherited the right to the barony of Hylton from his grandfather.SourcesHenry Hylton b.1585 -AncestryUK.comThe Gentlemen's Magazine, March 1821Passage 7:Theodred II (Bishop of Elmham)Theodred II was a medieval Bishop of Elmham.The date of Theodred's consecration unknown, but the date of his deathwas sometime between 995 and 997.Passage 8:Hylton Jolliffe, 3rd Baron HyltonHylton George Hylton Jolliffe, 3rd Baron Hylton (10 November 1862 – 26 May 1945) was a British peer and Conservative politician.Hyltonwas the eldest son of Hedworth Jolliffe, 2nd Baron Hylton, and Lady Agnes Mary Byng. Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey was his maternal great-grandfather.CareerGeorge succeeded the barony in 1899; prior tothat he was educated at Eton college and Oriel College, Oxford. He pursued a brief military career as capital for the Somerset imperial yeomanry, then diplomatic service in 1888, then 3rd secretary in 1890 and 2ndsecretary in 1894. He became Justice of the peace and county Alderman for Somerset where he sat in politics.Hylton entered the Diplomatic Service in 1888, but in 1895 he was elected to the House of Commons forWells. He held this seat until 1899, when he succeeded his father as third Baron Hylton and entered the House of Lords. In June 1915 Hylton was appointed a Lord-in-waiting (government whip in the House of Lords) inthe newly formed coalition government, and in 1918 he was promoted him to Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard. The coalition government of David Lloyd George fell in 1922, but Hylton continued as Deputy ChiefWhip also under Bonar Law and Stanley Baldwin. However, after the first Baldwin government fell in January 1924, he never returned to office.He was created Viscount Hylton and owned much of Chaldon, of which hewas Lord of the manor.Lord Hylton married Lady Alice Adeliza Hervey, daughter of Frederick Hervey, 3rd Marquess of Bristol, in 1896. He died in May 1945, aged 82, and was succeeded in his titles by his son WilliamGeorge Hervey Jolliffe. Lady Hylton died in 1962.Passage 9:Hedworth Jolliffe, 2nd Baron HyltonHedworth Hylton Jolliffe, 2nd Baron Hylton DL (23 June 1829 – 31 October 1899), was a British peer and ConservativeMember of Parliament.Birth and educationHylton was the second son of William George Hylton Jolliffe, 1st Baron Hylton, and Eleanor Paget. He was educated at Eton and Oriel College, Oxford.Crimean War serviceIn1849, he joined the 4th Light Dragoons and served in the Crimean War, where his older brother was killed at Sebastopol. He was present at the Charge of the Light Brigade. He retired from the Army in 1856, followinghis election to Parliament.Parliamentary serviceHe was elected to the House of Commons for Wells in 1855, a seat he held until 1868.In 1870 he succeeded his father as second Baron Hylton and entered the House ofLords.MarriagesLord Hylton married his second cousin, Lady Agnes Mary Byng, daughter of George Byng, 2nd Earl of Strafford, in 1858. Their divorce was a Cause célèbre. There were children of this marriage, sons anda daughter, Agatha Eleanor Augusta Jolliffe, who married Ailwyn Fellowes MP.Lord Hylton married again to Anne, daughter of Henry Lambert, who was the second wife and the widow of the third Earl of Dunraven.Deathand successionHe died in October 1899, aged 70, and was succeeded in his titles by his surviving son Hylton George Hylton Jolliffe.NotesPassage 10:William Jolliffe (1745–1802)William Jolliffe (16 April 1745 – 20February 1802) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons  from 1768 to 1802.LifeHe was the eldest son of the politician John Jolliffe and his wife Mary, daughter of Samuel Holden. He was educated atWinchester College and Brasenose College, Oxford.Jolliffe was elected as Member of Parliament for Petersfield in 1768, a seat controlled by his father, who died in 1771 leaving him a sitting patron. He held it until1802.He was a Lord of Trade from 1772 to 1779 and Lord of the Admiralty during 1783.He bought the lease for his residence on King Street in 1772 for what he called "very cheap," but Edward Gibbon described theplace as "excellent." After his death, his son Hylton sold it to Henry Francis Greville, who opened it as the Argyll Rooms.FamilyHe married Eleanor Hylton, daughter and heir of Sir Richard Hylton, 5th Baronet, and Anne,sister and co-heiress of John Hylton, de jure 18th Baron Hylton. Jolliffe died in February 1802, aged 56, after falling through a trapdoor into a cellar at his home. His wife died the same year. Their grandson WilliamGeorge Hylton Jolliffe became a prominent Conservative politician and was created Baron Hylton in 1866.Notes


Passage 1:Immilla of TurinImmilla (also Emilia, Immula, Ermengard, or Irmgard) (born c. 1020; died January 1078) was a duchess consort of Swabia by marriage to Otto III, Duke of Swabia, and a margravine ofMeissen by marriage to Ekbert I of Meissen. She was regent of Meissen during the minority of her son, Ekbert II.LifeImmilla was the daughter of Ulric Manfred II of Turin and Bertha of Milan and thereby a member of theArduinici dynasty. Her older sister was Adelaide of Susa.Her first husband was Otto III, Duke of Swabia, whom she married c. 1036. After Otto's death in September 1057, Immilla married again (c.1058). Her secondhusband was Ekbert I of Meissen.In 1067, shortly before his death, Ekbert I attempted to repudiate Immilla in order to marry Adela of Louvain, daughter of Lambert II, Count of Louvain and the widow of Otto I,Margrave of Meissen. After Ekbert's death in 1068, Immilla spent some time at the imperial court with her niece Bertha, before returning to Italy. It is possible that she acted as regent for her young son, Ekbert II, atthis time.Immilla died in Turin in January 10, 1078. She is sometimes said to have become a nun before her death.Marriages and childrenWith her first husband, Otto, Immilla had five daughters:Bertha (or Alberada)(died 1 April 1103), married firstly Herman II, Count of Kastl, and married secondly Frederick, Count of KastlGisela, inherited Kulmbach and Plassenburg, married Arnold IV, Count of AndechsJudith (died 1104), marriedfirstly Conrad I, Duke of Bavaria, and secondly Botho, Count of PottensteinEilika, abbess of NiedermünsterBeatrice (1040–1140), inherited Schweinfurt, married Henry II, Count of Hildrizhausen and Margrave of theNordgauWith her second husband, Ekbert I, Immilla had the following children:Ekbert IIGertrudePassage 2:VolkoldVolkold of Meissen (also Wolcold, Folcold, Folchold, Volhold, Volkhuld, Volchrad, Vocco; died 23 August992) was the second Bishop of Meissen.LifeBefore his elevation to the episcopate all that is known of Volkold's life is that he was at the court of Emperor Otto I as one of the tutors of the Emperor's son, the  future OttoII. He seems to have been appointed Bishop of Meissen in 969. Before his elevation Volkold was the patron of the young Willigis, later Saint Willigis, and used his influence to obtain for him a position in the Imperialservice. In 972 Volkold attended a synod in Ingelheim.When Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia, besieged the Albrechtsburg and the town of Meissen in 984 in support of the Imperial ambitions of Henry II of Bavaria afterthe death of Otto II, Volkold was obliged to seek refuge from the Sorbs in Erfurt, under the protection of Willigis, and was not able to return to his badly-damaged headquarters until after the re-conquest by Ekkehard I,Margrave of Meissen, in 987. In that year he put the diocese under Imperial protection.Doubtless as compensation for the bishopric's many losses he received from Otto II several gifts of estates, tolls and uses.While ona visit to Prague he suffered a stroke, on Good Friday 992, and returned paralysed to Meissen, where he died on 23 August and was buried.Passage 3:Albrecht I of MeissenAlbrecht I of Meissen (died 1 August 1152) wasBishop of Meissen from 1150 to 1152.LifeAlbrecht I is not extensively documented. He was supposedly from a family of the Sorbian nobility. Before his elevation to the bishopric he was a cathedral provost. Otto vonFreising mentions Albrecht in 1151 in connection with the dispute between Friedrich II of Berg and Herman van Horne over the office of bishop of Utrecht.With the agreement of the Pope, the bishopric of Meissen, likethat of Naumburg, was under the protection of Burggraf Conrad I of Meissen, in return for which the bishops were expected to undertake appropriate tasks from time to time. At the beginning of 1152 Conrad IIIentrusted Albrecht, who had the reputation of being talented at languages, with a diplomatic mission to the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos. The bishop died either on the way to Constantinople or in the cityitself.Passage 4:John I, Duke of Brunswick-GrubenhagenJohn I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (born: before 1322; died: 23 May 1367) was provost of the St. Alexandri Minster in Einbeck.He was the son of DukeHenry I "the Marvelous" of Brunswick-Grubenhagen and his wife Agnes of Meissen, daughter of Margrave Albert II of Meissen.Passage 5:Agnes of WaiblingenAgnes of Waiblingen (1072/73 – 24 September 1143), alsoknown as Agnes of Germany, Agnes of Poitou and Agnes of Saarbrücken, was a member of the Salian imperial family.  Through her first marriage, she was Duchess of Swabia; through her second marriage, she wasMargravine of Austria.FamilyShe was the daughter of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and Bertha of Savoy.First marriageIn 1079, aged seven, Agnes was betrothed to Frederick, a member of the Hohenstaufen dynasty;at the same time, Henry IV invested Frederick as the new duke of Swabia. The couple married in 1086, when Agnes was fourteen. They had twelve children, eleven of whom were named in a document found in theabbey of Lorsch:Hedwig-Eilike (1088–1110), married Friedrich, Count of LegenfeldBertha-Bertrade (1089–1120), married Adalbert, Count of ElchingenFrederick II of SwabiaHildegardConrad III ofGermanyGisihild-GiselaHeinrich (1096–1105)Beatrix (1098–1130), became an abbessKunigunde-Cuniza (1100–1120/1126), wife of Henry X, Duke of Bavaria (1108–1139)Sophia, married Konrad II, Count ofPfitzingenFides-Gertrude, married Hermann III, Count Palatine of the RhineRichildis, married Hugh I, Count of RoucySecond marriageFollowing Frederick's death in 1105, Agnes married Leopold III (1073–1136), theMargrave of Austria (1095–1136). According to a legend, a veil lost by Agnes and found by Leopold years later while hunting was the instigation for him to found the Klosterneuburg Monastery.Their childrenwere:AdalbertLeopold IVHenry II of AustriaBerta, married Heinrich of RegensburgAgnes, "one of the most famous beauties of her time", married Wladyslaw II of PolandErnstUta, wife of Liutpold von PlainOtto of Freising,bishop and biographerConrad, Bishop of Passau, and Archbishop of SalzburgElisabeth, married Hermann, Count of WinzenburgJudith, m. c. 1133 William V of Montferrat. Their children formed an important Crusadingdynasty.Gertrude, married Vladislav II of BohemiaAccording to the Continuation of the Chronicles of Klosterneuburg, there may have been up to seven other children (possibly from multiple births) stillborn or who diedin infancy.In 2013, documentation regarding the results of DNA testing of the remains of the family buried in Klosterneuburg Abbey strongly favor that Adalbert was the son of Leopold and Agnes.In 1125, Agnes'brother, Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, died childless, leaving Agnes and her children as heirs to the Salian dynasty's immense allodial estates, including Waiblingen.In 1127, Agnes' second son, Konrad III, was electedas the rival King of Germany by those opposed to the Saxon party's Lothar III. When Lothar died in 1137, Konrad was elected to the position.Passage 6:Margaret of SicilyMargaret of Sicily (also called Margaret ofHohenstaufen or Margaret of Germany) (1 December 1241, in Foggia – 8 August 1270, in Frankfurt-am-Main) was a Princess of Sicily and Germany, and a member of the House of Hohenstaufen. By marriage she wasLandgravine of Thuringia and Countess Palatine of Saxony (German: Landgräfin von Thüringen und Pfalzgräfin von Sachsen).She was the daughter of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Sicily and Germany, byhis third wife, Isabella of England.  Her paternal grandparents were Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor and Constance of Sicily. Her maternal grandparents were John of England and Isabella of Angoulême.BirthThe date ofher birth is difficult to ascertain because there is controversy over the exact number of children borne by her mother. Some sources say that she was the first or second child, born by the end of 1237; others say thatshe was the last child, born in December 1241, when Isabella died in childbirth. Historians commonly accept the latter date.LifeShortly after her birth (1242), Margaret was betrothed to Albert "the Degenerate", eldestson and heir of Henry III "the Illustrious", Margrave of Meissen. The marriage took place in June 1255, the bride receiving Pleissnerland (the towns of Altenburg, Zwickau, Chemnitz and Leisnig) as her dowry.The couplesettled at his residence in Eckartsberga and later moved to Wartburg, where she bore five children: three sons (Henry, Frederick and Dietzmann) and two daughters (Margaret and Agnes). Through her second sonFrederick – later Margrave of Meissen – Margaret was the direct ancestor of the Electors and Kings of Saxony and English Queen consorts Margaret of Anjou and Anne of Cleves.In 1265 her husband received the titles ofLandgrave of Thuringia and Count Palatine of Saxony (German: Pfalzgräf von Sachsen) after the abdication of his father, who retained control of Meissen.After the execution of her nephew Conradin (29 October 1268),Margaret, as the next legitimate relative, became the rightful Queen of Sicily and the general heiress of the Hohenstaufen claims over the Duchy of Swabia and the Kingdom of Jerusalem (despite the fact she was notdescended from the Kings of Jerusalem, her father Frederick II had claimed the kingdom for himself). Her son Frederick assumed by some time this titles on her right.After discovering the adultery of her husband withKunigunde of Eisenberg, Margaret left Wartburg; according to a legend, before her departure she bit her son Frederick in the cheek; he was called henceforth Frederick the Bitten (de: Friedrich der Gebissene). The flighttook place on 24 June 1270. Margaret went to Frankfurt-am-Main and was supported there by the citizens. She died there six weeks later.IssueMargaret and Albert had five children:Henry (b. 21 March 1256 – d. 25January/23 July? 1282), inherited the Pleissnerland in 1274.Frederick (b. 1257 – d. Wartburg, 16 November 1323), Margrave of Meissen.Theodoric, called Dietzmann (b. 1260 – murdered Leipzig, 10 December 1307),Margrave of Lusatia.Margaret (b. 1262 – d. young, after 17 April 1273).Agnes of Meissen (b. 1264 – d. September 1332), married before 21 July 1282 to Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen.Passage 7:Elisabeth ofMeissenElisabeth of Meissen, Burgravine of Nuremberg (22 November 1329 – 21 April 1375) was the daughter of Frederick II, Margrave of Meissen and Mathilde of Bavaria and a member of the House ofWettin.Marriage and childrenShe was born in Wartburg.  On 7 September 1356, at the age of twenty six, she married Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg in Jena. In 1357 her husband succeeded to the title, and fromthat time until her death in 1375, she was styled as Burgravine of Nuremberg. Together Frederick and Elisabeth had nine children, seven girls and two boys, who survived to adulthood:Elisabeth (1358–26 July 1411,Heidelberg), married in Amberg 1374 to Rupert of Germany.Beatrix (c. 1362, Nuremberg–10 June 1414, Perchtoldsdorf), married in Vienna 1375 Duke Albert III of AustriaAnna (c. 1364–after 10 May 1392), a nun inSeusslitz.Agnes (1366 – 22 May 1432), Convent in Hof (1376–1386) married in Konstance 1386 Baron Friedrich of Daber, Returned to Convent in Hof (1406) Abbess in Hof (1411–1432).John (c. 1369–11 June 1420,Plassenburg).Frederick (1371–1440) was the last Burgrave of Nuremberg from 1397 to 1427 (as Frederick VI), Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach from 1398, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach from 1420, and Electorof Brandenburg (as Frederick I) from 1415 until his death. He became the first member of the House of Hohenzollern to rule the Margraviate of Brandenburg.Margarete (died 1406, Gudensberg), married in Kulmbach1383 Landgrave Hermann of Hesse.Katharina (died 1409), Abbess in Hof.Veronica of Hohenzollern, married Barnim VI, Duke of Pomerania.Elisabeth died at the age of 45.Passage 8:Agnes II, Abbess ofQuedlinburgAgnes II (Agnes of Meissen; 1139 – 21 January 1203) was a member of the House of Wettin who reigned as Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg.LifeShe was born in Meissen as the daughter of Conrad, Margraveof Meissen, and Luitgard of Swabia. In 1184, she was elected successor to Princess-Abbess Adelaide III.Agnes was a significant patron of art, as well as miniaturist and engraver. During her reign, the nuns ofQuedlinburg Abbey made large curtains that are indispensable in the study of the art industry of the era. She also wrote and illuminated books for divine service. However, her greatest masterpiece was the manufactureof wall-hangings, of which one set was intended to be sent to the Pope; this tapestry is the best preserved piece of Romanesque textile. She was known for combining her embroidering with her literary composition andeven composed Latin verses on a piece of tapestry.She died in Quedlinburg Abbey on 21 January 1203.LegacyAgnes is a featured figure on Judy Chicago's installation piece The Dinner Party, being represented as one ofthe 999 names on the Heritage Floor.Passage 9:Albert, Margrave of Meissen (1934–2012)Prince Albert Joseph Maria Franz-Xaver of Saxony, Duke of Saxony, Margrave of Meissen (30 November 1934 – 6 October 2012)was the head of the Royal House of Saxony and a German historian. The fourth child and youngest son of Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen and his wife Princess Elisabeth Helene of Thurn and Taxis, he was theyounger brother of Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen, who was his predecessor as head of the Royal House of Saxony. Had he been King he would have been known as Albert IILifeAlbert received his secondaryeducation at the Federal Gymnasium in Bregenz, Austria. He passed his matura in 1954.  His parents and their children then moved to Munich, with support from his mother's relatives from the Thurn und Taxisdynasty.  In Munich, Albert studied at the Ludwig Maximilian University. He initially studied macroeconomics, and later switched to history and ethnography.  On 13 February 1961, he received his PhD for a thesis on hisgreat-great-grandfather, King John of Saxony, and his reform of Saxon commercial law.On 30 January 1960 the Studiengruppe für Sächsische Geschichte und Kultur e.V. ("Study group for Saxon history and culture")was founded by Albert together with his parents, his elder brother Maria Emanuel, some other Saxon nobles, the Chapter of the Military Order of St. Henry, the chapter of the association of people from Dresden, and theassociation of Heimatvertriebene in the history department of the University of Munich. This study group became one of the largest historical societies in West Germany. After completing his studies, Albert worked as ahistorian and referent. He studied the history of the Duchy of Saxony and the Kingdom of Saxony, in particular the relationship of Saxony to Bavaria.At times, he was vice president of the Bund der Mitteldeutschen("Association of Central Germans").  In 1972, he joined the Mitteldeutschen Kulturrat e.V. ("Central German Culture Council"), where he represented the interests of the Free State of Saxony.In the summer of 1982, hewas allowed to visit Saxony for the first time since his youth. He visited again in 1983 and 1985. He was then not allowed to enter the German Democratic Republic again, for unknown reasons, until 1989/1990. On 22January 1990, he participated in a Monday demonstration in Dresden and was unexpectedly asked to address the crowd. He told his audience about their task to rebuild Saxony and ended with the words "Long liveSaxony, Germany, Europe and the western-Christian culture."In the subsequent elections for the Saxon parliament, he ran as a DSU candidate; he was not elected, nor did the newly elected government of Saxonyemploy him as an advisor. After the German reunification, he has tried to reclaim some of his family's former possessions.MarriageAlbert morganatically wed Elmira Henke in a civil ceremony on 10 April 1980 in Munich,and in a religious ceremony on 12 April 1980, in the Theatine Church, also in Munich. Elmira assisted Albert with his scientific and historical studies; she specialized in ethnographic topics. Albert and Elmira had nochildren.SuccessionThe headship of the Royal House of Saxony is a matter of dispute in the Saxon Royal Family. The conflict stems from the fact that the last undisputed head of the house Maria Emanuel, Margrave ofMeissen, and the other princes of his generation either had no children or, in the case of Prince Timo, had children (including Prince Rüdiger of Saxony) who were deemed not to be members of the Royal House ofSaxony.The first designated dynastic heir of Maria Emanuel was his and Albert's nephew Prince Johannes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, only son of their youngest sister Princess Mathilde of Saxony by her marriage toPrince Johannes Heinrich of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, dynast of a ducal branch of the House of Wettin senior patrilineally to the royal branch. After the early death of Prince Johannes, the heirless Maria Emanuel thenconsidered as potential heir another nephew, Alexander Afif, the eldest son of Princess Anna of Saxony and her husband Roberto Afif, despite the Afif-Saxony marriage being contrary to the traditional laws of the Houseof Saxony which required equal marriages for descendants to inherit dynastic rights. On 14 May 1997 the Margrave of Meissen proposed his nephew Alexander Afif as heir and drew up a document that was signed bythe other male and female members of the Royal House (including previously non-dynastic spouses of princes) setting out that Alexander would succeed on his death. The document was signed by: Anastasia,Margravine of Meissen, Prince Albert and his wife, née Elmira Henke, Prince Dedo (for himself, for his brother Prince Gero and for their stepmother née Virginia Dulon – his brother Prince Timo had died in 1982), thePrincesses Maria Josepha, Anna and Mathilde, and Prince Timo's third wife, née Erina Eilts. Two years later on 1 July 1999 the Margrave adopted his nephew Alexander Afif, who had used the title Alexander, Prince ofSaxe-Gessaphe since 1972, based on his patrilineal descent from the once-sovereign Lebanese "Afif" (or Gessaphe) dynasty.The 1997 agreement proved to be controversial and in the summer of 2002 three of thesignatories, Princes Albert, Dedo and Gero (the latter consented via proxy but had not personally signed the document) retracted their support for the agreement. The following year Prince Albert wrote that it is throughPrince Rüdiger and his sons that the direct line of the Albertine branch of the House of Wettin will continue, and thus avoid becoming extinct. Until his death, however, the Margrave, as head of the former dynasty,continued to regard his nephew and adopted son, Prince Alexander, as the contractual heir entitled to succeed.Immediately following the death of Maria Emanuel in July 2012, Prince Albert assumed the position of headof the Royal House of Saxony. According to the Eurohistory Journal prior to the Margrave's funeral Albert met with his nephew, Alexander, and recognised him as Margrave of Meissen. However this claim is contradictedby Albert himself in his final interview, given after the funeral, where he states that he needs recognition as Margrave of Meissen. Prince Alexander, citing the 1997 agreement, has also assumed the headship. Albert,Margrave of Meissen died at a hospital in Munich on 6 October 2012 at the age of 77.Prior to the requiem for Margrave Maria Emanuel, Rüdiger, who had sought to be recognised by his cousin as a dynastic member ofthe House of Saxony but was refused, conducted a demonstration outside the cathedral with Saxon royalists in protest against the late Margrave Maria Emanuel's decision to appoint Alexander as heir. The familywebsite of Prince Rüdiger states that, prior to his death, Albert determined Rüdiger to be his successor and instituted a clear succession plan. On this basis following Albert's death Prince Rüdiger assumed the headshipof the house.AncestryPublications by Prince AlbertDie Reform der sächsischen Gewerbegesetzgebung (1840–1861), PhD thesis, University of Munich, 1970Dresden, Weidlich, Frankfurt 1974, ISBN 3-8035-0474-0Leipzigund das Leipziger Land, Weidlich, Frankfurt 1976, ISBN 3-8035-8511-2Die Albertinischen Wettiner — Geschichte des Sächsischen Königshauses (1763–1932), 1st ed., St.-Otto-Verlag, Bamberg, 1989, ISBN3-87693-211-4; 2d ed., Gräfelfing, 1992, ISBN 3-87014-020-8Weihnacht in Sachsen, Bayerische Verlagsanstalt, Munich, 1992, ISBN 3-87052-799-4Die Wettiner in Lebensbildern, Styria-Verlag, Vienna, Graz andCologne, 1995, ISBN 3-222-12301-2Die Wettiner in Sachsen und Thüringen, König-Friedrich-August-Institut, Dresden, 1996Das Haus Wettin und die Beziehungen zum Haus Nassau-Luxemburg, Bad Ems, 2003Bayern &


Passage 1:Cry of the HuntedCry of the Hunted is a 1953 American crime film noir directed by Joseph H. Lewis.  The drama features Vittorio Gassman, Barry Sullivan and Polly Bergen.PlotAn obsessive lawman (BarrySullivan) who works for the state chases an escaped fugitive (Vittorio Gassman) through the Louisiana bayou.CastVittorio Gassman as JoryBarry Sullivan as Lieutenant TunnerPolly Bergen as Janet TunnerWilliam Conradas GoodwinMary Zavian as EllaRobert Burton as Warden KeeleyHarry Shannon as Sheriff BrownJonathan Cott as Deputy DavisReceptionAccording to MGM records the film earned $376,000 in the US and Canada and$249,000 elsewhere resulting in a loss of $179,000.Critical responseFilm critic Hal Erickson, of Allmovie, has praised the directing of the film, writing, "On the whole, the MGM B product of the 1950s contained some ofthe studio's best-ever 'small' pictures...Cry of the Hunted is directed with flair by Joseph H. Lewis, who always managed to rise above the slimmest of budgets and the barest of production values."TV Guide in its filmguide also wrote well of the film, "Stylishly directed chase film from Lewis who had previously shown his talent in Gun Crazy...At one point he is caught but again breaks free, only to be recaptured again at the finale.Interesting subplot has Conrad waiting for Sullivan to make a wrong move so he can grab his job."Noir analysisCritics Alain Silver and Elizabeth Ward, in various sections of their analysis of the film, discuss a sub silentiotheme found in the movie: the homosexual undercurrent of the protagonists; they write, "After an initial scene, in which Sullivan and Gassman wrestle each other to exhaustion and then sit sharing cigarettes likebrothers," and, "...even in his sleep [Sullivan] is obsessive as he dreams of the escapee in homoerotic terms," and, "Gassman too seems drawn to his pursuer."Film critic Eddie Muller, in an interview for Bright LightsFilm Journal, agrees, "I once showed this goofy B film called Cry of the Hunted, with Barry Sullivan and William Conrad — it's swamp noir. In Los Angeles, the audience adored it. They howled, especially at theover-the-top gay subtext between the two lead actors. They fight, and when it's obvious the fight is over, they're still wrestling around the floor. Then they lie against the wall and smoke cigarettes. The L.A. audienceate it up."Passage 2:The Hunted (2015 film)The Hunted is a 2015 American film based on the action comedy web series The Hunted (2001) created and directed by Robert Chapin. Starring Chapin and MoniqueGanderton in lead roles. It tells the story of a struggling actor who leads a group of misfit slayers against an army of vampires. The film is one of the first to be produced under SAG’s New Media contract and wasdistributed online through Vimeo VOD.PlotComing to terms with his unsuccessful attempts at becoming an actor, Bob (Chapin) is bitten by a vampire named Susan, (Ganderton) who is the daughter of a crazed vigilanteslayer. Consequently, Bob becomes one of the Hunted, a small group of humans, bitten but not turned, who use cold steel and fighting technique to fend off vampires. The vampires, however, have developed animmunity to everything over the years, and the only way they can be killed is with a sword. Luckily, Bob knows how to wield a sword, mostly due to his starring role in a cheesy 80’s action flick called, “Vampslayer”.Find How Bob helps Susan and the Hunted defend the vampires forms the rest of the story.CastRobert Chapin as BobMonique Ganderton as SusanDavid Lain Baker as HarryGary Kasper as DragosTex Wall as LoreMasterAndrew Helm as KevinAnthony De Longis as VincentProductionConception and writingThe Hunted began in 2001 as a long-standing Internet series, created by Chapin in an effort to train his credentials as astuntman and VFX-artist. Embracing his skills with a sword and his technical abilities behind the camera, he collaborated with his friends and colleagues in order to combine their talents and undertake an underdog storyof LA-based vampire hunters. The fact that user-generated content created by fans became the main content source for the online series is reflected in the theme of the film, where soccer moms learn to becomevampire slayers, just like fans learning to become filmmakers, thus providing everyone a chance to discover their true potential. The dialogues in the film make use of copious lines from well-known films and poems,ranging from Scarface (1983) and Independence Day (1996) to Shakespeare.FilmingThe film received financial support in June 2011 via a Kickstarter campaign. The film was shot in Hollywood, California in 2012 and isco-produced by New Deal Studios, the Academy Award-winning effects studio behind numerous blockbuster films, including Inception (2010) and Interstellar (2014). Post-production was completed in March 2015. Themajority of the film's cast consisted of stunt people.Passage 3:Scotty FoxScott Fox is a pornographic film director who is a member of the AVN Hall of Fame.Awards1992 AVN Award – Best Director, Video (TheCockateer)1995 AVN Hall of Fame inducteePassage 4:Adrian BrunelAdrian Brunel (4 September 1892 – 18 February 1958) was an English film director and screenwriter. Brunel's directorial career started in the silentera, and reached its peak in the latter half of the 1920s. His surviving work from the 1920s, both full-length feature films and shorts, is highly regarded by silent film historians for its distinctive innovation, sophisticationand wit. With the arrival of talkies, Brunel's career ground to a halt and he was absent from the screen for several years before returning in the mid-1930s with a flurry of quota quickie productions, the majority of whichare now classed as lost. Brunel's last credit as director was in a 1940 comedy film, although he worked for a few years more as a "fixer-up" for films directed or produced by friends in the industry.After decades ofneglect, Brunel's work has latterly been rediscovered and has undergone a critical re-evaluation. His lost films are eagerly sought, and the British Film Institute includes two, The Crooked Billet (1929) and Badger'sGreen (1934), on its "75 Most Wanted" list of missing British feature films.Early life and careerBorn in Brighton in 1892, Brunel was educated at Harrow School. His mother Adey was a drama teacher so he grew up in astage milieu and dabbled in acting and writing plays, as well as training in opera. On leaving school he worked for a time as a local journalist in Brighton before taking employment in London in the bioscope showdistribution division of music hall chain Moss Empires. This spurred his interest in cinema, and in 1916 he and a friend formed a company called Mirror Films, which produced one film, The Cost of a Kiss, the followingyear.In 1920 Brunel joined with actor Leslie Howard and author A. A. Milne to set up Minerva Films, which produced six comedy shorts over a two-year period. Brunel's major break came in 1923, when he was offeredthe directorial role for the film The Man Without Desire, starring Ivor Novello. His feature film debut was a time-travelling story set in Venice and included location filming in the Italian city. Studio and post-productionwork took place in Germany, and the resulting work has been described as "one of the stranger films to emerge from Britain in the 1920s".Comedy shortsBetween 1923 and 1925, Brunel directed a series ofsophisticated comedy burlesque short films, frequently lampooning fads or institutions of the day. Initially these were produced and distributed independently, but their popularity among film insiders and cognoscentibrought them to the attention of Michael Balcon, who offered Brunel the opportunity to produce them through Gainsborough Pictures. These films were replete with punning intertitles and playful visual wit, with anumber parodying the silhouette animation technique pioneered by Lotte Reiniger by using live actors in place of animated cutouts (Two-Chinned Chow, Shimmy Sheik, and Yes, We Have No...! – in which a man isdriven to distraction by the ubiquity of the song "Yes! We Have No Bananas" and travels to ever-more exotic and outlandish locations to escape it, only to find that no matter where in the world he goes, the song has gotthere first).Other films were self-referential in highlighting the ability of film to produce a manipulated and distorted picture of reality. Brunel's most highly admired production of this period is 1924's Crossing the GreatSagrada, a spoof of the hugely popular travelogue genre of the time, in which its conventions are laid bare as the absurdities they are. Brunel uses the film to satirise the prevalent colonial view of "native people", whilehighlighting the dishonesty inherent in the genre with ludicrously incongruous intertitles, tagging a view of an African mud-hut village as Wapping, and a sequence of the heroes struggling across a desert landscape asBlackpool beach. Critic Jamie Sexton notes: "The film's surreal humour prefigures that of later innovative British comedy, such as Monty Python's Flying Circus.Brunel also targeted the British film industry itself, with SoThis Is Jollygood bemoaning what he saw as its general ineptitude in comparison with its American counterpart, and Cut It Out attacking the over-zealousness of the British film censors.Gainsborough filmsImpressedwith Brunel's short film output, Balcon invited him to try his hand at directing full-length features for Gainsborough. This resulted in five films between 1926 and 1929, all of which were high profile, big-budgetproductions with star names, and were designed as serious prestige vehicles with none of the opportunities for the humour and facetiousness of most of Brunel's earlier work. The first release was Blighty, a class-basedstudy of life during World War I, written by Brunel's friend Ivor Montagu. It was reported that Brunel was initially uneasy about directing a "war film" as it went against his moral values; however the finished productcontained no militaristic or jingoistic material, concentrating instead on the effects of the unseen war on an English family.In 1928 there followed two films which reunited Brunel with Novello as his leading actor: thefirst screen adaptation of Margaret Kennedy's best-selling novel The Constant Nymph and a version of the Noël Coward play The Vortex. Brunel's third film of 1928 was A Light Woman starring Benita Hume, while 1929brought the Madeleine Carroll vehicle The Crooked Billet, which Brunel described in his autobiography as "my last, and perhaps my best, silent film". The film's "lost" status however precludes it from being criticallyevaluated alongside his surviving work.Later careerWith the introduction of talkies to British cinema, Brunel's career impetus came to a sudden halt. It is not exactly clear why Brunel in particular should have found hiscareer so comprehensively derailed at this time, although it is suggested that his pursuance of a legal claim against Gainsborough for alleged non-payment of fees may well have tarnished his reputation in the filmindustry by making him appear a potential trouble-maker. After writing and partly directing 1930's Elstree Calling for British International Pictures, he was sacked by the studio, who enlisted Alfred Hitchcock to finish thepicture, and no further film offers were forthcoming.Brunel returned to film directing in 1933, and over the following four years made 17 quota quickies, mainly for Fox British. As was the norm with quota quickiedirectors, Brunel's films in this period encompassed a range of genres from comedy and musicals, through drama, to thrillers and crime. However, few of these films are known to survive. Brunel's last three featurefilms, The Rebel Son (1938); The Lion Has Wings (1939), a three-way directorial venture with Michael Powell and Brian Desmond Hurst; and The Girl Who Forgot (1940), were more visible productions which dosurvive.Following these, Brunel drew a line under his directorial career, although he did continue for a time to offer uncredited help as a favour, most notably to his old friend Leslie Howard on The First of the Few (1942)and The Gentle Sex (1943). He published an autobiography Nice Work in 1949, and died in February 1958, aged 65.In an assessment of Brunel's significance in British cinema history, Geoff Brown concludes: "...(his)career was clearly not what it might have been, and the apparent absence of surviving copies of many of his talkies makes a thorough re-evaluation of his work difficult. But the burlesque comedies alone give him adistinctive place in British cinema history as a satirical jester, and a key player in the film industry's uneasy war between art and commerce."Filmography (director)BibliographyBrunel wrote two guides to filmmaking anda memoir detailing his time in the industry.Filmcraft: the Art of Picture Production (1935)Film script: The Technique of Writing for the Screen (1948)Nice Work: Thirty Years in British Films (1949)Passage 5:Joseph H.LewisJoseph H. Lewis (April 6, 1907 – August 30, 2000) was an American B-movie film director whose stylish flourishes came to be appreciated by auteur theory-espousing film critics in the years following hisretirement in 1966. In a 30-year directorial career, he helmed numerous low-budget westerns, action pictures, musicals, adventures, and thrillers. Today he is remembered for mysteries and film noir stories: My NameIs Julia Ross (1945) and So Dark the Night (1946) as well as his most highly regarded features, 1950's Gun Crazy, which spotlighted a desperate young couple (Peggy Cummins and John Dall) who embark on a deadlycrime spree, and the 1955 film noir The Big Combo, with its stunning cinematography by John Alton.Life and careerBorn in Brooklyn, the son of Russian Jewish immigrants, Ernestine (née Miriamson) and Leopold Lewis.His father was an optometrist. He grew up on the Upper East Side of New York City and attended DeWitt Clinton High School in the Bronx and when his brother, Ben, moved to Hollywood in 1927, he decided to followwith the hope of becoming an actor. Ben found him a job as camera assistant and, subsequently, young Joseph became an assistant film editor just as the film industry was converting to sound.  He began his directorialcareer (1937–40) by turning out low-budget B-Westerns starring Bob Baker, Charles Starrett, and Bill Elliott. Film editors referred to Lewis as "Wagon-Wheel Joe,"  because of his tendency to use wagon wheels in theforeground to create interesting visual compositions.Lewis served with the United States Army Signal Corps as a Sergeant during World War II, making training films at the Army's Astoria Studios. One on how to shootthe M-1 rifle was shown well into the 1960s.Lewis was equally comfortable working in different genres: horror (Bela Lugosi, The Invisible Ghost), comedy (The East Side Kids, That Gang of Mine), detective mystery(Tom Conway, The Falcon in San Francisco), costume adventure (Larry Parks, The Swordsman), and musicals (Benny Fields, Minstrel Man). Lewis's creative compositions for Minstrel Man won him the assignment ofstaging the musical sequences for The Jolson Story.Today, Lewis is primarily known for his work in film noir during the 1940s and early 1950s. Gun Crazy is a dark romance about gun-obsession, notable for its use oflocation photography and, for film students and buffs, a particularly arresting shot which lasts for ten minutes, as the audience suddenly becomes a passenger in the getaway car following a bank robbery committed bythe young leads.Toward the end of Lewis's career, he worked in television, directing mostly westerns:  The Rifleman, Bonanza, The Big Valley, Gunsmoke, and the pilot for Branded. He also directed the 1961 CBS crimeadventure-drama series The Investigators.Lewis suffered a major heart attack at the age of 46, but continued working until his 59th birthday in April 1966, at the end of the 1965–66 TV season. He later lectured at filmschools and fan gatherings as well as at retrospectives such as the Telluride Film Festival, along with European venues in France, Germany and other locations.  In 1997 he became the recipient of the Los Angeles FilmCritics Association Lifetime Achievement Award.Nearly five months after his 93rd birthday, Lewis died at his home in Los Angeles County's seaside community of Marina del Rey.  Active until the end, he made his finalpublic appearance five weeks earlier to introduce a screening of Gun Crazy at the University of California at Los Angeles. He was married to Buena Vista Lewis; they had one daughter, Candy Lewis Sangster.SelectedfilmographyPassage 6:The Hunted (2003 film)The Hunted is a 2003 American action thriller film directed by William Friedkin and starring Tommy Lee Jones, Benicio del Toro, and Connie Nielsen.PlotU.S. Army SergeantFirst Class Aaron Hallam, a former Delta Force operator, has spent much of his career performing covert assassinations and black operations for the U.S. government. He is awarded the Silver Star for his service in theKosovo War, but is left wracked with PTSD from the atrocities he witnessed.In the wilderness of Silver Falls State Park, Oregon, Hallam encounters two hunters equipped with expensive scoped rifles. Hallam tells themthat, due to their use of guns and scopes, they are not "true hunters". Insulted, the hunters pursue him, but are overwhelmed by Hallam's tactics and traps and are killed.L.T. Bonham, a former civilian instructor ofmilitary survival and combat training, lives secluded deep in the woods of British Columbia. He is approached by the FBI, who ask him to help apprehend Hallam, one of his former students. Bonham agrees and joins theFBI task force pursuing Hallam, led by Assistant Special Agent in Charge Abby Durrell. Bonham discovers Hallam's personal effects in a tree and encounters Hallam. As the two of them fight, Hallam is struck by an FBItranquilizer and taken into custody.During his interrogation, Hallam is uncooperative and looks mainly to Bonham, who he views as a father figure. The FBI, unsure what to do, hand him to the custody of his fellow JSOCoperators, who tell the FBI that Hallam cannot stand trial due to the classified operations he had participated in. While being transported, the operators indicate that they intend to kill Hallam to ensure his silence;Hallam manages to kill all the operatives and escape.Alerted to the incident, Bonham and the FBI search for Hallam. Bonham finds him at the house of his ex-girlfriend and her daughter in Portland, but he flees afterAbby arrives to apprehend him. Pursued by the FBI and the Portland Police Bureau, Hallam ambushes and kills pursuing FBI agents in a sewer and attempts to board a streetcar to blend in. The police block the bridgethe streetcar is on, and he dives off the bridge, fleeing upstream.Resurfacing up the river, Hallam crafts a knife out of reclaimed metal, as Bonham taught him. Meanwhile, Bonham crafts his own knife out of stone andenters the wilderness alone in search of Hallam. Bonham is caught by one of Hallam's traps and is thrown down a waterfall. Surviving, he meets Hallam at the bottom, and they engage in hand-to-hand combat. The twosustain severe injuries, and Bonham's knife is broken, but Bonham manages to gain the upper hand and stab Hallam with his own knife, killing him as Abby and the FBI arrive.Bonham, mostly recovered, returns to hishome in British Columbia. He starts to burn Hallam's letters, in which he expressed his concerns over the things he witnessed during his service.CastTommy Lee Jones as L.T. BonhamBenicio del Toro as Sergeant AaronHallamConnie Nielsen as FBI Special Agent Abby DurrellLeslie Stefanson as Irene KravitzJohn Finn as FBI Special Agent Ted ChenowethJosé Zúñiga as FBI Special Agent Bobby MoretRon Canada as FBI Special AgentHarry Van ZandtMark Pellegrino as Dale HewittJenna Boyd as Loretta KravitzAaron DeCone as Stokes (as Aaron Brounstein)Carrick O'Quinn as KohlerLonny Chapman as ZanderRex Linn as Powell, The HunterEddie Velezas Richards, The HunterJohnny Cash as The Narrator (uncredited)ProductionThe film was partially filmed in and around Portland, Oregon and Silver Falls State Park. Portland scenes were filmed in Oxbow Park, theSouth Park Blocks, the Columbia Blvd Treatment Plant, and Tom McCall Waterfront Park. The technical adviser for the film was Tom Brown Jr., an American outdoorsman and wilderness survival expert. The story ispartially inspired by a real-life incident involving Brown, who was asked to track down a former pupil and Special Forces sergeant who had evaded capture by authorities. This story is told in Tom's book, Case Files OfThe Tracker. Chapter 2 of this book, "My Frankenstein," describes Brown's tracking and fight with a former special operations veteran.The hand-to-hand combat and knife fighting in the film featured Filipino Martial Arts.Thomas Kier and Rafael Kayanan of Sayoc Kali were brought in by Benicio del Toro. They were credited as knife fight choreographers for the film.ReceptionBox officeThe box office for the film was less than its reported


Passage 1:Still of the NightStill of the Night  or In the Still of the Night may refer to:In the Still of the Night (film), a Czech filmStill of the Night (film), 1982 psychological thriller film, directed by Robert Benton"Still ofthe Night" (song), 1987, by Whitesnake"Still of the Night", a song by Quiet Riot from QR III"In the Still of the Night", a 1932 popular song written by Hoagy Carmichael and Jo Trent"In the Still of the Night" (Cole Portersong), a popular song by Cole Porter"In the Still of the Night" (The Five Satins song), 1956 doo-wop song, covered in 1992 by Boyz II MenIn the Still of the Night (album), a 1989 Johnny Mathis album"Lost in the FiftiesTonight (In the Still of the Night)", a 1985 medley containing the Five Satins songPassage 2:Emile ArdolinoEmile Ardolino (May 9, 1943 – November 20, 1993) was an American television and film director and producer,best known for his work on the films Dirty Dancing (1987) and Sister Act (1992). He won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for his film He Makes Me Feel Like Dancin' (1983).Early life and careerArdolinowas born in Maspeth, a neighborhood of Queens, the son of Italian immigrants Ester (nee Pesiri) and Emilio Ardolino.He began his career as an actor in Off-Broadway productions, and then moved to the production sideof the business. In 1967, he founded Compton-Ardolino Films with Gardner Compton. In the 1970s and 1980s, Ardolino worked for PBS. He profiled dancers and choreographers for their Dance in America and Live fromLincoln Center series.Ardolino won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for the 1983 film He Makes Me Feel Like Dancin'. He found commercial success with the Academy Award-winning 1987 hit DirtyDancing.DeathArdolino died in California on November 20, 1993 of complications from AIDS. His last films, The Nutcracker (based on George Balanchine's New York City Ballet adaptation) and the television productionof Gypsy starring Bette Midler, were released and shown posthumously. Ardolino is buried beside his parents at St. John Cemetery in New York.Personal lifeArdolino was openly gay.Awards1969 Obie Award for theBroadway production of Oh! Calcutta!19 Emmy Award nominations, winning three1983 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for He Makes Me Feel Like Dancin'.Partial filmographyHe Makes Me Feel LikeDancin' (1983)Dirty Dancing (1987)Chances Are (1989)Three Men and a Little Lady (1990)Sister Act (1992)The Nutcracker (1993)Gypsy (1993, TV movie)Passage 3:Ultimate Dirty DancingUltimate Dirty Dancing is asoundtrack album containing every song from the 1987 film Dirty Dancing, sequenced in the order it appears in the film. It was released on December 9, 2003, by RCA Records.Track listingTrack listing"Be My Baby" –The Ronettes"Big Girls Don't Cry" – Frankie Valli & The Four Seasons"Merengue" – Michael Lloyd & Le Disc"Trot the Fox" – Michael Lloyd & Le Disc"Johnny's Mambo" – Michael Lloyd & Le Disc"Time of My Life"(instrumental version) – The John Morris Orchestra"Where Are You Tonight?" – Tom Johnston"Do You Love Me" – The Contours"Love Man" – Otis Redding"Gazebo Waltz" – Michael Lloyd"Stay" – Maurice Williams andthe Zodiacs"Wipe Out" – The Surfaris"Hungry Eyes" – Eric Carmen"Overload" – Zappacosta"Hey! Baby" – Bruce Channel"De Todo Un Poco" – Michael Lloyd & Le Disc"Some Kind of Wonderful" – The Drifters"These Armsof Mine" – Otis Redding"Cry to Me" – Solomon Burke"Will You Love Me Tomorrow" – The Shirelles"Love Is Strange" – Mickey & Sylvia"You Don't Own Me" – The Blow Monkeys"Yes" – Merry Clayton"In the Still of theNight" – The Five Satins"She's Like the Wind" – Patrick Swayze"Kellerman's Anthem" – The Emile Bergstein Chorale"(I've Had) The Time of My Life" – Bill Medley & Jennifer WarnesChartsCertificationsPassage 4:DirtyDancing (disambiguation)Dirty Dancing is a 1987 film.Dirty Dancing may also refer to:Dirty Dancing (1988 TV series), an American television series that aired on CBSDirty Dancing (2006 TV series), an American realityseries that aired on WE tv networkDirty Dancing (2017 film), a musical television remake of the 1987 filmDirty Dancing (album), by Swayzak"Dirty Dancing" (song), by New Kids On The BlockDirty Dancing(soundtrack), soundtrack to the 1987 filmDirty Dancing: Havana Nights (also known as Dirty Dancing 2 or Dirty Dancing 2: Havana Nights), a 2004 filmDirty Dancing: The Classic Story on Stage, a stage musicalDirtyDancing: The Time of Your Life, a UK TV seriesPassage 5:La Bestia humanaLa Bestia humana is a 1957 Argentine film whose story is based on the 1890 novel La Bête Humaine by the French writer Émile Zola.ExternallinksLa Bestia humana at IMDbPassage 6:Dirty Dancing: Havana NightsDirty Dancing: Havana Nights (also known as Dirty Dancing 2 or Dirty Dancing 2: Havana Nights) is a 2004 American dance musical romance filmdirected by Guy Ferland and starring Diego Luna, Romola Garai, Sela Ward, John Slattery, Jonathan Jackson, January Jones, and Mika Boorem. The film is an unrelated prequel/"re-imagining" of the 1987 blockbusterDirty Dancing, reusing the same basic plot, but transplanting it from upstate New York to Cuba on the cusp of the Cuban Revolution. Patrick Swayze, star of the original Dirty Dancing, appears as a dance instructor. Itwas mostly filmed in Old San Juan, Puerto Rico.PlotIn 1958, Katey Miller (Romola Garai), her parents (Sela Ward and John Slattery), and her younger sister Susie (Mika Boorem) arrive in Cuba during the Cubanrevolution. A self-described bookworm, Katey is not very happy about having to move to a different country during her senior year of high school, as she had been planning to attend Radcliffe College, although the restof her family seem extremely pleased to be in Cuba.Meeting several other rich American teenagers down by the pool - including James Phelps (Jonathan Jackson), the son of her father's boss - Katey becomes disgustedwhen one of the teenagers insults a local waiter when he drops their drinks because Katey accidentally bumped into him. Katey attempts to talk to the waiter—Javier (Diego Luna), who works at the hotel to support hisfamily—because she feels awful about what had occurred, but he is not interested.Katey watches a film of her mother and father dancing and wishes she could dance as well as they did. She and her father dance a bit.The next day in class, Katey is asked to read aloud from the Odyssey - a passage about love and passion. After class, James invites her to a party at the country club the next day and she accepts.While walking homefrom school, she sees Javier dancing to street music, and he offers to walk her home. They stop to listen to a street band and police show up, stopping Javier while Katey runs away.The next day, Katey tries some of thedance moves she saw. Javier sees her and asks her to come see the real dancers Saturday night, but she says she is already going to the country club. Javier gets upset and leaves. Katey wears one of her maid'sdresses to the country club party and impresses James. Katey convinces him to take her to the Cuban nightclub La Rosa Negra (The Black Rose) where Javier is dancing with the ladies.Javier dances with Katey whileJames sits at the bar. Soon he is accosted by Javier's brother, Carlos, who tells him that they will eventually kick the Americans out of Cuba. Javier comes over and argues with his brother. James takes Katey back tothe car and assaults her after she refuses to kiss him. She slaps him and runs into the club, and Javier agrees to walk her home.The next day, Katey walks by a dance class. The teacher (Patrick Swayze) asks if anyonewants to enter the big dance contest and then dances with Katey for a bit. She grabs a flyer for the competition.While walking to the pool, James apologizes to Katey and then tells her that Susie saw Javier with her andgot him fired. Katey argues with Susie and goes to find Javier. He is now working at a chop shop with Carlos. She asks him to enter the dance contest with her, but he refuses. Meanwhile, it is becoming apparent thatCarlos is helping the revolutionaries.The next day, Javier shows up at Katey's school and agrees to enter the dance contest with her. They start teaching each other dance moves and Javier convinces her to "feel themusic." They practice all the time, and Katey dances some more with the dance teacher, until it is the night of the dance. Katey and Javier dance with the other couples on the floor and are chosen to go on to the nextround.Katey's parents disapprove of her relationship with Javier, but Katey reconciles with them. On the night of the contest's final round, while Katey and Javier are on the dance floor, Javier sees his brother and somerevolutionaries disguised as waiters, and the police soon try to arrest them. The contest stops as everyone flees the club, and Javier has to save Carlos from the police. Javier and Carlos talk about how they miss theirdad, then they hear that Batista has fled the country and join the celebration.Later, Javier comes to the hotel and finds Katey. He takes her to the beach and they have sex. The next day, Katey's parents tell her theyare leaving Cuba and she has one last night with Javier. They go to the Cuban club where they first danced, and the floor is theirs as they are dubbed King and Queen. Katey's family is there to see her, and Kateynarrates that she doesn't know when she will see Javier again, but this will not be their last time to dance together.CastRomola Garai as Katey MillerDiego Luna as Javier SuarezSela Ward as Jeannie MillerJohn Slatteryas Bert MillerMika Boorem as Susie MillerJonathan Jackson as James PhelpsRene Lavan as Carlos SuarezPatrick Swayze as Dance Class InstructorJanuary Jones as EveMýa Harrison as Lola MartinezAngélica Aragón asMrs. SuarezKaly Cordova as DancerProductionHavana Nights is based on an original screenplay by playwright and NPR host Peter Sagal, based on the real life experience of producer JoAnn Jansen, who lived in Cuba asa 15-year-old in 1958–59. Sagal wrote the screenplay, which he titled Cuba Mine, about a young American woman who witnessed the Cuban revolution and had a romance with a young Cuban revolutionary. Thescreenplay was to be a serious political romance story, documenting, among other stories, how the Cuban revolution transformed from idealism to terror. It was commissioned in 1992 by Lawrence Bender, who wasrising to fame with his production of Quentin Tarantino's Reservoir Dogs and Pulp Fiction. The screenplay was bought by a film studio, which requested several rewrites before deciding not to produce the film. A decadelater, Bender decided to make a Dirty Dancing sequel, and the film was very loosely adapted from Sagal's script. Not a single line from Sagal's original screenplay appears in the final film and Sagal says that the onlyremnants of the political theme that existed in his script is a scene wherein some people are executed.Natalie Portman was offered the role of Katey Miller but she turned it down. Ricky Martin was also considered for therole of Javier Suarez. The film was British actress Romola Garai's first Hollywood film and she repeatedly has cited the filming of the movie as being an extremely negative experience which caused her to re-evaluateworking in Hollywood. In a 2004 interview with The Telegraph she explained that the filmmakers "were obsessed with having someone skinny. I just thought, why didn't they get someone like Kate Bosworth, if that'swhat they wanted?"In October 2017, in the midst of producer Harvey Weinstein's sexual abuse allegations in Hollywood, Garai later revealed that Weinstein, whose company Miramax was co-producing the film, hadrequired her to meet him alone in a hotel room while he was wearing only a bathrobe to obtain the part: "I had to go to his hotel room in the Savoy, and he answered the door in his bathrobe. I was only 18. I feltviolated by it, it has stayed very clearly in my memory."ReceptionReview aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a 23% rating based on 108 reviews from critics, with an average rating of 4.2/10. The websiteprovides a brief critical consensus: "Cheesy, unnecessary remake." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 39 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".RobertDenerstein of the Rocky Mountain News gave it a D+, saying: "Tries to add Cuban flavor to a familiar plot but comes up with nothing more than a bubbling stew of cliches." Peter Howell of the Toronto Star thought it tobe "Charmless, clumsy and culturally offensive all at the same time" and merited it 1 out of 5 stars. Wesley Morris of The Boston Globe awarded it 2 out of 4 stars, saying: "As you might expect, the movie is as squareas a sock hop." Philip Martin of the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, who rated it B−, because "aside from the triteness of the dialogue, the mathematical predictability of the script and the muddling of numbskulled politics,DD: HN is a fairly enjoyable experience." According to Louis Hobson of Jam! Magazine, who thought the movie was worth 3.5 out of 5 stars, the main redeeming factor was the choreography: "You may have problemswith the obvious, clichéd story, but the dancing is incredible." Philip Wuntch of The Dallas Morning News gave the film a C, stating that "both the dance numbers and the personal drama are largelylistless."Soundtrack"Dance Like This" – Wyclef Jean featuring Claudette Ortiz"Dirty Dancing" – The Black Eyed Peas"Guajira (I Love U 2 Much)" – Yerba Buena"Can I Walk By" – Phalon Alexander featuring MonicaArnold"Satellite (From "Havana Nights")" – Santana featuring Jorge Moreno"El Beso Del Final" – Christina Aguilera"Represent, Cuba" – Orishas featuring Heather Headley"Do You Only Wanna Dance" – Mýa Harrison"YouSend Me" – Shawn Kane"El Estuche" – Aterciopelados"Do You Only Wanna Dance" – Julio Daivel Big Band (conducted by Cucco Peña)"Satellite (Spanish Version) Nave Espacial (From "Havana Nights")" – Santanafeaturing Jorge MorenoPassage 7:Dirty DancingDirty Dancing is a 1987 American romantic drama dance film written by Eleanor Bergstein, produced by Linda Gottlieb, and directed by Emile Ardolino. Starring PatrickSwayze and Jennifer Grey, it tells the story of Frances "Baby" Houseman (Grey), a young woman who falls in love with dance instructor Johnny Castle (Swayze) at a vacation resort.The film was based on screenwriterBergstein's own childhood. She originally wrote a screenplay for the Michael Douglas film It's My Turn, but ultimately ended up conceiving a story for a film which became Dirty Dancing. She finished the script in 1985,but management changes at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer put the film in development hell. The production company was changed to Vestron Pictures with Emile Ardolino as director and Linda Gottlieb as producer. Filmingtook place in Lake Lure, North Carolina, and Mountain Lake, Virginia, with the film's score composed by John Morris and dance choreography by Kenny Ortega.Dirty Dancing premiered at the 1987 Cannes Film Festivalon May 12, 1987, and was released on August 21, 1987, in the United States, earning over $214 million worldwide, and was the first film to sell more than a million copies for home video. It earned positive reviews fromcritics, who particularly praised the performances of Grey and Swayze, and its soundtrack, created by Jimmy Ienner, generated two multi-platinum albums and multiple singles. "(I've Had) The Time of My Life",performed by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes, won the Academy Award for Best Original Song, the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, and the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group withVocals.The film's popularity led to a 2004 prequel, Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights, and a stage version which has had sellout performances in Australia, Europe, and North America. A made-for-TV remake was alsoreleased in 2017. A sequel is scheduled to be released in 2024, with Grey reprising her role.PlotIn the summer of 1963, 17-year-old Frances "Baby" Houseman is vacationing with her family—cardiologist father Jake,mother Marge and older sister Lisa—at Kellerman's, an upscale Catskills resort in the Borscht Belt owned by Jake's sarcastic best friend Max. Exploring one night, Baby secretly observes Max instructing the waiters, allIvy League students, to romance the guests' daughters, no matter how unattractive. Max also demeans the working class entertainment staff, including Johnny Castle, one of the dance instructors. Baby is attracted toJohnny and dances briefly with him after his kindhearted cousin, Billy, introduces them at a secret "dirty dancing" party for resort staff. Max's grandson Neil flirts with Baby in the meantime.Baby learns Johnny's dancepartner Penny is pregnant by Robbie, a waiter and womanizer who attends Yale School of Medicine and now has his eye on Lisa. When Robbie refuses to help Penny, Baby, without explaining why, borrows money fromher father to pay for Penny's abortion. At first, Penny declines as it would cause her and Johnny to miss a performance at a nearby resort, costing them the season's salary, but Baby volunteers to stand in for Penny.During her dance sessions with Johnny, they develop a mutual attraction, and despite their failure to execute a climactic lift, Johnny and Baby's performance is successful.Back at Kellerman's, Penny is gravely injured bythe botched abortion, and Baby enlists her father's help to stabilize Penny. Angered by Baby's deception, and assuming Johnny got Penny pregnant, Dr. Houseman orders Baby to stay away from them. Baby sneaks offto apologize to Johnny for her father's treatment, but Johnny feels he deserves it due to his lower status; Baby reassures him of his worth, declaring her love. They begin secretly seeing each other, and her fatherrefuses to talk to her.Johnny rejects an indecent proposal by Vivian Pressman, an adulterous wife, who instead sleeps with Robbie, inadvertently foiling Lisa's plan to lose her virginity to him. When Vivian spots Babyleaving Johnny's cabin, she feels spurned and attempts revenge on Johnny by claiming he stole her husband's wallet. Max is ready to fire Johnny, but Baby backs up his alibi, revealing she was with Johnny the night ofthe theft. The real thieves, Sydney and Sylvia Schumacher, are caught, but Johnny is still fired for mixing with Baby. Before leaving, Johnny tries to talk to Dr. Houseman but is accused of only trying to get at Baby.Baby later apologizes to her father for lying, but not for her romance with Johnny, and then accuses him of classism.At the end-of-season talent show, Dr. Houseman gives Robbie a recommendation letter for medicalschool, but when Robbie admits that he got Penny pregnant, and then insults her and Baby, Dr. Houseman angrily grabs the letter back. Johnny arrives and disrupts the final song by bringing Baby up on stage anddeclaring that she has made him a better person, and then they perform the dance they practiced all summer, ending with a successful climactic lift. Dr. Houseman admits he was wrong about Johnny and reconcileswith Baby, and all the staff and guests join Baby and Johnny dancing to "(I've Had) The Time of My Life".CastBruce Morrow appears in a cameo as a magician; Morrow himself could be heard as a DJ's voice in differentparts of the film. Emile Ardolino and Matthew Broderick (who was dating Grey at the time and co-starred with her in Ferris Bueller's Day Off) have cameos.SoundtrackThe Dirty Dancing album held the number one spoton the Billboard album chart for over four months. As of July 2022, the Dirty Dancing album has sold over 14 million copies.ProductionPre-productionDirty Dancing is based in large part on screenwriter EleanorBergstein's own childhood: she is the younger daughter of a Jewish doctor from New York and had spent summers with her family in the Catskills where she participated in "Dirty Dancing" competitions; she was alsonicknamed "Baby" herself as a girl. In 1980, Bergstein wrote a screenplay for the Michael Douglas film, It's My Turn; however, the producers cut an erotic dancing scene from the script, prompting her to conceive a newstory that took inspiration from her youth dance competitions. In 1984, she pitched the idea to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) executive Eileen Miselle, who liked it and teamed Bergstein with producer Linda Gottlieb.They set the film in 1963, with the character of Baby based on Bergstein's own life and the character of Johnny based on the stories of Michael Terrace, a dance instructor whom Bergstein met in the Catskills in 1985while she was researching the story. She finished the script in November 1985, but management changes at MGM put the script into turnaround, or limbo.Bergstein gave the script to other studios but was repeatedlyrejected until she brought it to Vestron Pictures. While honing their pitch to Vestron, Gottlieb had agreed to cut the proposed budget in half. Bergstein and Gottlieb then chose Emile Ardolino as the film's director;