Passage 1:Esdras HartleyEsdras Hartley (1892–1946) was the art director for the 1935 film Don't Bet on Blondes. He worked on over a hundred films during his career, many of them at the Hollywood studio Warner Brothers.Selected filmographyMiss Pacific Fleet (1935)A Night at the Ritz (1935)Bengal Tiger (1936)Times Square Playboy (1936)Talent Scout (1937)South of Suez (1940)River's End (1940)Ladies Must Live (1940)An Angel from Texas (1940)King of the Lumberjacks (1940)Three Cheers for the Irish ( 1940)The Case of the Black Parrot (1941)Flight from Destiny (1941)Highway West (1941)The Body Disappears (1941)Passage 2:The Only GirlThe Only Girl may refer to:The Only Girl (book), a 2018 memoir by Robin GreenThe Only Girl (film), 1933 filmThe Only Girl (musical), 1914 Broadway musical by Victor Herbert and Henry BlossomPassage 3:The Empress and IThe Empress and I (German: Ich und die Kaiserin) is a 1933 German musical comedy film directed by Friedrich Hollaender and starring Lilian Harvey, Mady Christians and Conrad Veidt. It is also known by the alternative title of The Only Girl. The film was produced as a multi-language version. Moi et l'impératrice a separate French-language version was released as well as The Only Girl in English. The multilingual Harvey played the same role in all three films.It was shot at the Babelsberg Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Robert Herlth and Walter Röhrig. It was made by Erich Pommer's production unit at UFA, several of whom left the country after the film's release due to the Nazi Party's assumption of power.SynopsisAfter a fall from a horse, a wealthy Marquis is believed to be dying. While he lies there, he is comforted by the singing of a beautiful woman. When he unexpectedly recovers, he tries to seek out this young woman. Due to a series of confusions, he believes her to be Empress Eugenie, the wife of Napoleon III of France. In fact, the woman was a Eugenie's hairdresser, a vivacious young woman engaged to be married to an aspiring composer and conductor currently working for the celebrated Jacques Offenbach.CastLilian Harvey as JulietteMady Christians as EmpressConrad Veidt as Marquis de PontignacHeinz Rühmann as DidierFriedel Schuster as AnnabelHubert von Meyerinck as FlügeladjutantJulius Falkenstein as Jacques OffenbachPaul Morgan as Erfinder des FahrradesHans Hermann Schaufuß as DoctorKate Kühl as MarianneHeinrich Gretler as SanitäterEugen Rex as Etienne, Diener des MarquisHans DeppeHans Nowack as Erfinder des TelefonsMargot HöpfnerPassage 4:Don't Bet on LoveDon't Bet on Love is a 1933 American comedy film directed by Murray Roth and written by Howard Emmett Rogers, Murray Roth and Ben Ryan. The film stars Lew Ayres, Ginger Rogers, Charley Grapewin, Shirley Grey, Tom Dugan and Merna Kennedy. The film was released on July 1, 1933, by Universal Pictures.PlotMolly Gilbert won't accept a marriage proposal from Bill McCaffery unless he promises to quit betting money on horse races. He gives her his word, but Molly is miffed when she realizes he wants to honeymoon in Saratoga, New York, due to its proximity to the racetrack.Behind her back, Bill unethically uses money from his dad Pop McCaffery's plumbing business to continue gambling. He gets on a hot streak, winning $50,000, then buys a horse of his own, cheats by disguising a faster horse as his, then loses all his money. Bill agrees to become a plumber, pleasing Molly.CastLew Ayres as Bill McCafferyGinger Rogers as Molly GilbertCharley Grapewin as Pop McCafferyShirley Grey as Goldie WilliamsTom Dugan as ScottyMerna Kennedy as Ruby 'Babe' NortonLucile Gleason as Mrs. GilbertRobert Emmett O'Connor as Edward SheltonPassage 5:Onmyōji (film)Onmyōji () is a 2001 Japanese film directed by Yōjirō Takita. It tells of the exploits of famed onmyōji Abe no Seimei, who meets and befriends bungling court noble, Minamoto no Hiromasa. Together they protect the capital of Heian-kyō against an opposing onmyōji, Dōson, who is secretly plotting the downfall of the emperor.A sequel, Onmyōji 2, appeared in 2003.  Both movies are based on the Onmyōji series of novels by author Baku Yumemakura, which also inspired a manga series by Reiko Okano.PlotThe Heian period (9th–12th centuries) was a time when human beings and various supernatural beings still coexisted with each other, the latter occasionally causing trouble to humans. Practitioners of the art of onmyōdō, the onmyōji, were held to be able to control and subdue these malevolent entities and other paranormal phenomena, and were thus held in high regard, being employed by the imperial court.In Heian-kyō, nobleman Minamoto no Hiromasa meets court onmyōji Abe no Seimei, a mysterious man about whom many rumors have been told. On a dare by some courtiers, Seimei demonstrates his exceptional skills in onmyōdō by killing a butterfly without touching it (i.e. casting a spell on a leaf which then flies and cuts through it).Hiromasa later visits Seimei at his home, where he sees Seimei's shikigami in human form, one of whom was Mitsumushi, the butterfly he had killed (and subsequently revived) earlier. Seimei joins Hiromasa in inspecting a mysterious gourd growing from a pine tree in Lord Kaneie's house; Seimei reveals the gourd to have been caused by a curse cast by a former lover of Kaneie who committed suicide.One night, Hiromasa impresses an unseen lady on an oxcart with his flute playing. Unbeknownst to him, this woman is Sukehime, Minister of the Right Fujiwara no Motokata's daughter and one of the current emperor's wives, who is worried that she is losing the emperor's favor as another wife, Lady Tōko, the daughter of Minister of the Left Fujiwara no Morosuke, had just given birth to a baby boy, who is to be the heir to the throne.Meanwhile, the head onmyōji of the imperial Bureau of Onmyō, Dōson, is secretly plotting to overthrow the emperor by trying to awaken the vengeful spirit of Prince Sawara, who had died 150 years ago. Wrongfully accused of treason by his brother, the Emperor Kanmu, Sawara committed suicide, but not before swearing eternal vengeance on the Son of Heaven (i.e. the emperor). When Dōson curses the emperor's newborn son, Prince Atsuhira, to be possessed by an evil spirit, Seimei combats his spells and drives the demon away with the help of Hiromasa and the immortal Lady Aone, who was ordered by Kanmu to guard the burial mound where Prince Sawara's spirit is sealed away.Hiromasa once again meets Sukehime (again unseen by Hiromasa) on the oxcart. He confesses his feelings for Sukehime, who he calls 'Lady of the Full Moon' ( Mochizuki no kimi), but Sukehime, who still loves the emperor, rejects his advances.Both Seimei and Aone are put under arrest by Motokata and accused of cursing the infant prince. They are saved in the nick of time by Morosuke, who points out it is unlawful to kill a court onmyōji without imperial permission. Dōson, who is implied to be behind the allegation, enchants one of the imperial police to attack the two; Aone is severely wounded, but proves to be unharmed due to her immortality.Taking advantage of Sukehime's jealousy against Tōko, Dōson uses his powers to turn her into a namanari (a woman halfway to becoming an oni) that harasses both Tōko and the newborn Atsuhira. Seimei uses onmyōdō to transform straw effigies into the likenesses of the Emperor and the infant prince. Sukehime arrives and assaults the effigies, thinking them to be the real emperor and Atsuhira. The emperor, moved by a waka poem she recites (the same poem Hiromasa hears the lady on the oxcart recite earlier), speaks out loudly, breaking Seimei's spell. Hiromasa, recognizing Sukehime to be his 'Lady of the Full Moon', steps in to accost her.Sukehime briefly comes back to her senses when Seimei removes a paper talisman attached to her back, but Dōson doubles his efforts, and she completely transforms into an oni. When Hiromasa sacrifices himself by allowing her to bite on his arm, Sukehime comes back to her senses once more and kills herself with Hiromasa's tachi. In her final moments, Sukehime - now a human once more - begs to hear Hiromasa's flute one last time.Seimei shoots an arrow with the paper talisman towards the sky, ordering the curse to go back to its sender. The arrow, now on fire, lands in Dōson's secret lair, burning it to the ground. Dōson, swearing vengeance on Seimei, finally releases the spirit of Prince Sawara from its confinement in the burial mound. Sawara's ghost enters Dōson's body and summons a horde of vengeful spirits to attack Heian-kyō. Aone reveals to Seimei that he and Hiromasa are foretold by the stars to become the two protectors of the city: one cannot survive without the other. She, Seimei and Mitsumushi then go off in search of Hiromasa.Dōson makes his way to the imperial palace. Hiromasa tries to stop him in his tracks, but he is no match for his superhuman abilities; he is mortally wounded when Dōson throws back an arrow Hiromasa shot towards him. Seimei and Aone find him, but it is too late. Aone suggests that Seimei resurrect Hiromasa by performing the rite of Taizan-fukun, the Chinese god of the dead ( Taizan-fukun no matsuri), offering to sacrifice her immortality and life to do so.Hiromasa, brought back to life by the ritual, and Seimei go to face Dōson. Aone's spirit, speaking through Hiromasa's body, convinces Sawara to give up his hatred. While Sawara at first refuses to do so, he is finally moved by the prospect of being with Aone - who was the prince's lover during his lifetime - forever; he then passes peacefully with Aone into the afterlife. Although now without Sawara's spirit to empower him, Dōson resumes the fight. Seimei, using his wits, traps Dōson within a magical barrier. Finally admitting defeat, Dōson slashes his throat with the sword from Sawara's burial mound.At the end of the movie, Seimei and Hiromasa drink sake together in Seimei's house. Hiromasa teases Seimei for crying when he died and reflects on what Seimei said to him earlier: that the human heart can turn one into a demon or a buddha. Seimei tells Hiromasa that he is a 'very good man'; Hiromasa answers, "So are you." The two share a laugh together.CastMansai Nomura as Abe no Seimei (): An exceptionally talented onmyōji whose very origins are shrouded in mystery. Although an onmyōji of the imperial court, he initially shows little regard for it or Heian-kyō itself, preferring instead to stay home with his shikigami and drink sake, yet eventually finds himself fulfilling his destined role as the capital's protector along with Hiromasa.Hideaki Itō as Minamoto no Hiromasa (): A nobleman in the court with a bumbling personality skilled in playing the flute. Although wary of onmyōji at first, he eventually becomes close friends with Seimei, being destined to become the guardian of Heian-kyō along with him.Eriko Imai as Mitsumushi (): A butterfly apparently killed by Seimei as a display of his power and subsequently brought back to life. She serves him as one of his shikigami.Hiroyuki Sanada as Dōson (): The head of the Bureau of Onmyō ( Onmyō-ryō), he secretly plots the downfall of the imperial line and attempts to use the vengeful spirit of Prince Sawara to further his goals.Ittoku Kishibe as the Emperor ( Mikado): Loosely based on the historical Emperor Murakami (reigned 946–967), who was the reigning emperor in the year the story takes place (944 CE). The emperor's newborn son and heir is named 'Atsuhira' () in the film, which is actually the name of a later emperor (Go-Ichijō, reigned 1016-1036). The historical son and successor of Murakami, Emperor Reizei, was named 'Norihira' () .Ken'ichi Yajima as Fujiwara no Morosuke (): The Emperor's Minister of the Left. The historical Morosuke was in reality Emperor Murakami's Minister of the Right.Akira Emoto as Fujiwara no Motokata (): The Emperor's Minister of the Right, who, at Dōson's instigation  falsely accuses Seimei of cursing the newborn Prince Atsuhira (which was actually Dōson's doing). The historical Motokata had been a Dainagon under Murakami.Sachiko Kokubu as Tōko (): The Emperor's consort and Morosuke's daughter who bears him Prince Atsuhira. Based on the historical Fujiwara no Anshi (aka Yasuko).Yui Natsukawa as Sukehime (): Motokata's daughter and one of the Emperor's wives. Her son, Prince Hirohira, was originally supposed to be the heir to the throne; the birth of Atsuhira, however, caused her to be sidelined. She is enamored by Hiromasa's flute playing; Hiromasa, in turn, falls in love with her, unaware of her true identity. Dōson later takes advantage of her jealousy against Tōko and Atsuhira to turn her into an oni.Masato Hagiwara as Prince Sawara ( Sawara-shinnō): An imperial prince who died swearing vengeance on the imperial throne 150 years before the story takes place. Dōson seeks to awaken and harness his spirit in order to depose the current emperor.Hōka Kinoshita as Emperor Kanmu ( Kanmu-tennō): Prince Sawara's elder brother who charged him with treason, driving Sawara to suicide. Fear of Sawara's restless spirit led Kanmu to move the capital from Nagaoka-kyō to Heian-kyō and to pacify Sawara's ghost by sealing it inside a burial mound.Kyōko Koizumi as Aone (): A woman who was Prince Sawara's lover in life. Rendered immortal by consuming the flesh of a mermaid 150 years ago, she was appointed by Kanmu to ensure that Sawara's spirit will never reawaken.Ken'ichi Ishii as Fujiwara no Kaneie (): A nobleman who finds a gourd growing out of a pine tree in his house, which was actually the manifestation of a curse laid by a jilted lover of his who had killed herself.Kenji Yamaki as Tachibana no Ukon (): Captain of the imperial police force, the Kebiishi (), who arrests Seimei. He is later seen fighting his men who have been possessed by spirits summoned by Dōson.Hitomi Tachihara as Ayako (): Another one of the Emperor's wives worried that he is spending more time with Tōko.Ni'ichi Shinhashi as Nagamasa ()Kenjirō Ishimaru as Kanmu's head onmyōjiMasane Tsukayama as NarratorDub castTerrence Stone: Abe no SeimeiLex Lang: Minamoto no HiromasaSteve Kramer: DōsonSimon Prescott: EmperorRichard Cansino: Fujiwara no MorosukeTom Wyner: Fujiwara no MotokataEllyn Stern: TōkoMona Marshall: SukehimeTony Oliver: Prince SawaraKari Wahlgren: AoneBob Papenbrook: Tachibana no UkonJim Taggert: NagamasaReleaseOnmyōji was released theatrically in Japan on October 6, 2001 where it was distributed by Toho. The film was a commercial success, grossing ¥3,010,000,000 ($36,567,313) and becoming the fourth-highest earning Japanese production of 2001. The film was also giving a limited theater release in North America where it grossed $16,234 in three theaters.It was released in the United States on April 18, 2003, under the title Onmyoji: The Yin Yang Master. It was followed by the sequel Onmyōji 2 in 2003.ReceptionThe film won the awards for Best Sound Recording and the Mainichi Film Concours and Best Sound at the Japanese Academy Awards.See alsoTokyo: The Last Megalopolis: A blockbuster fantasy film which, along with its source novel Teito Monogatari, are widely credited with starting the "onmyōji boom" in Japanese popular culture.FootnotesPassage 6:Konjiki no Gash Bell!! Movie 2: Attack of the Mecha-VulcanZatch Bell: Attack of Mechavulcan  (Japanese:  , Hepburn: Konjiki no Gash Bell!! Mechavulcan no Raishuu) is a 2005 Japanese animated film directed by Takuya Igarashi. It is the second animated film adaptation of the manga and anime series, Zatch Bell!. The first was Zatch Bell: 101st Devil, released in 2004.Discotek Media released both movies on Blu-ray and DVD for the first time in North America on March 27, 2018.PlotThe movie begins with a mysterious figure, Dr. M2, rallying a group of robots that he calls Death Mechanics (which all look like gigantic robotic blue versions of Vulcan, a plastic box with wooden sticks for arms that Kiyomaro Takamine "gifted" to Gash). He orders one of the units, Death 18, to kidnap Kiyomaro.Meanwhile, Kiyomaro is rushing to get to the bus for Coast School, since he slept in late. He leaves Gash behind, who chases after Kiyomaro. During the chase, Vulcan, who Gash brought along with him, is partially broken. Stuck in a tree and unable to stop Kiyomaro, Gash asks him if he'll at least fix Vulcan, but Kiyomaro says that he'll "make him a new one". As Kiyomaro tries to chase the already-moving bus down, his friends spot him and try to tell the others to stop the bus. However, while they're not paying attention, Death 18 swoops down from the sky and abducts Kiyomaro, carrying him away and leaving his friends baffled. Once Kiyomaro arrives at Dr. M2's lab, he is contained inside an orange bubble. Dr. M2 then orders Death 18 to go down and distract Gash to keep him away from Kiyomaro by making Gash think that he's his friend.As Gash walks home, he thinks about the previous versions, or "generations", of Vulcan that had been ruined in the past (leading up to the third that he currently had), and how they are all important friends of his. Screaming out that Kiyomaro's an idiot, Naomi, the local bully, believes that Gash was talking about her, so she starts pummeling him. However, Death 18 comes down from the sky and interrupts her. As he's about to harm Naomi, Gash realizes that he looks just like Vulcan, and tells him not to hurt Naomi. Naomi runs off and Death 18 fixes Gash's Vulcan. Gash thinks that Death 18 is another Vulcan that Kiyomaro built, and calls him "Yondaime", or "Fourth Generation". Gash and Vulcan then ride in Yondaime's giant mouth into town.In Dr. M2's lab, the demon explains that Kiyomaro kun is to be his new partner, and that he can take Kiyomaro to the future demon world. Dr. M2 shows Kiyomaro the Death Mechanics, but Kiyomaro tells him that they're just rip-offs of Vulcan. To prove him wrong, Dr. M2 shows Kiyomaro a robotic model of Vulcan from the future that Kiyomaro will someday build; however, as a prototype, it's loaded up with bugs. Dr. M2 had realized that the best way to fix the Death Mechanics was to have Kiyomaro repair them. Kiyomaro asks Dr. M2 whether the battle to decide the next ruler of the Demon World is still going on, but Dr. M2 simply states that he isn't interested in that battle, leaving it vague. Dr. M2 offers again to bring Kiyomaro to the future, but he refuses. Dr. M2 tells him that the idiots of his time can't understand him, but Kiyomaro says that Gash changed his view of people around him.Meanwhile, after venturing into town, Gash and Yondaime go under a bridge and find graffiti. As the two start painting the walls themselves, Gash paints "Yondaime" in Kanji onto the robot's body. Gash's demon friends, Tio, Kanchome, and Umagon, then arrive under the bridge. While Kanchome is terrified by Yondaime, Gash explains that he is a present from Kiyomaro, so the five of them then play together in the park. As Dr. M2 opens the portal to the future to return with Kiyomaro, a dark cloud is created over the city. Citizens of Mochinoki Town are advised to leave, and there is mass panic. Gash says that they should all go to investigate, but Yondaime's programming makes him try to keep them all away. After much prodding from Gash, though, Yondaime realizes that he and Gash have become friends, and he changes his mind. The four demons get into Yondaime's mouth and, revealing that he can fly, Yondaime soars towards the cloud.Upon entering the dark cloud, they discover Dr. M2's giant floating castle. Infuriated that Death 18 disobeyed his orders, Dr. M2 tries to reprimand him, but the robot doesn't respond. Kiyomaro manages to break free from his prison and communicates with Gash using a giant monitor on the side of the castle. Dr. M2 summons all of the Death Mechanics to fight off Gash and the others, but Kiyomaro manages to get Gash to fire his Zakeru spell, blasting away the Death Mechanics' missiles. The attack also tears a hole in a part of the castle, though, leaving Kiyomaro to fall from the sky; however, Yondaime manages to catch him.Kiyomaro gets ready to attack the army of Vulcans, but Gash, believing them all to be Vulcans and, therefore, all his friends, runs towards them to try to talk to them, while Yondaime keeps Kiyomaro restrained. The Vulcans don't respond to Gash's words, though, and all begin to pummel him. Tio, Kanchome, Umagon, and Yondaime all try to hold back the Vulcans from attacking him, but to no avail. As all of the Vulcans try to take Kiyomaro, Gash yells at them to stop. They all stop momentarily, but are immediately called back to the castle by Dr. M2. One of Dr. M2's lightning bolts hits Yondaime, reverting him to his original programming. Despite Gash's efforts, Yondaime flies off to join the others, who all fuse together with the castle to become one giant Vulcan.As the giant Vulcan attacks the group, Megumi, Folgore, and Sunbeam


Passage 1:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the UnitedStates.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He was the director of theHood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to directthe Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the PeabodyEssex Museum.Early life and career in IrelandKennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studiedboth art history and history.He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office(1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association ofArt Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003. In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery of Australia(NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself andoversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, onshowing "blockbuster" exhibitions.During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship. However, the initial design for thebuilding proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered designcompleted some years later.  Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on theestablished collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian PrintWorkshop Archive. He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building projectabove).Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to theexhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor. However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during histenure, which could have raised similar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn. Its mostcontroversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous. The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition,claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion." In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had "obscured discussion of theartistic merit of the works of art". He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far."Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the AustralianGovernment's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system. The air-conditioning was finallyrenovated in 2003. Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors.He became a joint Irish-Australian citizen in2003.Toledo Museum of ArtThe Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings and sculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke. Themuseum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the field of art education.  During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as"learning to read, understand and write visual language."   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of a website, www.vislit.org. In November2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so. Kennedy has been a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visualand sensory literacy.Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples. Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy andMary Sibande have been acquired.  In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano.During his tenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the returnof several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold to the museum.  In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by anEtruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015.Hood Museum of ArtKennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July2005. During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bring greater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections ofthe arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions. At 70,000 objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus. The exhibition, BlackWomanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body, toured several US venues. Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually.Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of Stone Steles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, SeanScully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons.PublicationsKennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:Alfred Chester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics,Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990), ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats,1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), National Gallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN978-0-903162-65-4Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers (November 1997),  ISBN978-1-86059-059-7Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art (October 2010), ISBN978-0-944722-39-8Honors and achievementsKennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art. He is a trustee and treasurer of the Association of Art MuseumDirectors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the International Association of Art Critics. In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at the University of Toledo andreceived an honorary doctorate from Lourdes University. Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for art education.== Notes==Passage 2:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986)(mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild,Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)Passage 3:Jesse E. HobsonJesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director of SRI International from1947 to 1955. Prior to SRI, he was the director of the Armour Research Foundation.Early life and educationHobson was born in Marshall, Indiana. He received bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineeringfrom Purdue University and a PhD in electrical engineering from the California Institute of Technology. Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstanding engineer.Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26,1939, and they had five children.CareerAwards and membershipsHobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948.Passage 4:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre.CareerSince 1967,Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films. Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family,Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle(1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films. He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the1970s.Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions. He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted intothe Army. He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University. Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company. He also co-founded theoff-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company.Passage 5:The Little Door Into the WorldThe Little Door Intothe World is a 1923 British silent drama film directed by George Dewhurst and starring Lawford Davidson, Nancy Beard and Olaf Hytten.CastLawford Davidson as LefargeNancy Beard as Maria Jose / CelestineOlaf Hyttenas MountebankPeggy Patterson as DancerVictor Tandy as AgentArthur Mayhew as TroubadorBob Williamson as ManagerPassage 6:Jung-Ho PakJung-Ho Pak (born February 4, 1962 in Burlingame, California) is anAmerican symphony conductor. He was Artistic Director of the San Diego Symphony and of the New Haven Symphony Orchestra, of which he is now Conductor Emeritus. He was Music Director of the Diablo Ballet andthe NEXT Generation Chamber Orchestra.  He was the artistic director of the now-defunct Orchestra Nova San Diego. Pak has guest conducted internationally. He is the Director of the Cape Cod Symphony Orchestra,and is a former musical director of the World Youth Symphony Orchestra and the director of orchestras at the Interlochen Center for the Arts. In May 2023, he announced that he was stepping down as the ArtisticDirector and Conductor of the Cape Symphony at the end of the summer.EducationPak began studying the piano at age 6. Three years later, he was awarded a scholarship to the San Francisco Conservatory andenrolled in a college music theory class.  He began studying clarinet at age 11, and played in multiple bands and orchestras into college. Graduated Lynbrook High School, San Jose, (1980)B. A., Music, University ofCalifornia, Santa Cruz, (1980-2)Assoc. of California Symphony Orch. Conducting Seminar, Franz Allers (1982)San Francisco Conservatory of Music, Michael Senturia, Jahja Ling (1982-4)Tanglewood ConductingSeminar, (1983)M.M. University of Southern California, Daniel Lewis (1984-6)Herbert Blomstedt Conducting Institute, Master Class (1985)Redlands Symphony Conducting Institute (1986-7)American Conductors GuildSeminar, Harold Farberman, Dan Lewis (1987)Music Academy of the West, (1989)CareerEarly in his career, Pak was a conductor and professor at several schools including the University of California, Berkeley andUniversity of California, Santa Barbara, Idyllwild Arts Academy, and Lehigh University. In 1988, he won a national conducting competition with the Young Musicians Foundation's Debut Orchestra.In 1997, Pak wasappointed music director the San Diego Symphony to lead it out of bankruptcy, which eventually became an artistic and financial success, receiving one of the largest endowment pledges in American orchestral history(over $110 million). In 1998, Pak succeeded Daniel Lewis as music director of the University of Southern California Symphony and was also named music director at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music Orchestra.In 1999, he additionally became music director of the New Haven Symphony Orchestra, with which he was named Music Director Emeritus in 2007.Since 2003, Pak has been director of orchestras and music director ofthe World Youth Symphony Orchestra at the Interlochen Center for the Arts, one of the largest and oldest arts camps in the country. In 2006, the San Diego Chamber Orchestra appointed Pak as artistic director andconductor; in 2009 the ensemble changed their name to Orchestra Nova San Diego to reflect their aspirations under Pak's leadership. The ensemble filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in 2012 due to an impasse betweenPak and the Musician's Union, with Pak stating that he would prefer to choose members in his ensembles. In 2007, Pak began his tenure as artistic director and conductor of the Cape Cod Symphony Orchestra, one ofthe largest orchestras in Massachusetts. In 2008, Pak was a guest conductor for the 2008 ASTA National High School Honors Orchestra. In 2015, Pak was the conductor for the 2015 NAfME All-National HonorsSymphony Orchestra. In May 2023, he announced that he was stepping down as the Artistic Director and Conductor of the Cape Symphony at the end of the summer.Passage 7:The Time, the Place and the Girl (1946film)The Time, the Place and the Girl is a 1946 American musical film directed in Technicolor by David Butler. It is unrelated to the 1929 film The Time, the Place and the Girl.PlotSteve and Jeff are about to open anightclub when a man named Martin Drew who represents conductor Ladislaus Cassel claims that Cassel, who is living next door, objects to the club's music and that it disturbs his granddaughter, Victoria, an aspiringopera singer.It turns out that Cassel himself is fine with the club but Vicki's grandmother Lucia is against it. Cassel also urges Vicki not to marry Andrew, her fiance, without being certain. After she meets Steve, she isattracted to him. Steve has a girlfriend, Elaine Winters, who is trying to persuade John Braden, a rich Texan, to finance the club. Elaine is upset about Vicki's presence and threatens to marry Braden.Jeff and hisgirlfriend, singer Sue Jackson, hope to get a new show off the ground, but both Vicky's grandmother and Steve's girl Elaine keep interfering. Cassel offers to finance the show provided Vicky can be in it. Lucia is lividuntil she reluctantly attends the show, at which she is charmed and gives her approval.CastSoundtrack"A Rainy Night in Rio"'Music by Arthur SchwartzLyrics by Leo RobinPerformed by Jack Carson, Dennis Morgan, JanisPage and Martha Vickers (dubbed by Sally Sweetland)"Oh, But I Do"Music by Arthur SchwartzLyrics by Leo RobinSung by Dennis Morgan"A Gal in Calico" (Nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song of1948)Music by Arthur SchwartzLyrics by Leo RobinPerformed by Dennis Morgan, Jack Carson, Martha Vickers (dubbed by Sally Sweetland) and chorus"Through a Thousand Dreams"Music by Arthur SchwartzLyrics byLeo Robin"A Solid Citizen of the Solid South"Music by Arthur SchwartzLyrics by Leo RobinPerformed by Jack Carson and the Condos Brothers"I Happened to Walk Down First Street"Music by Arthur SchwartzLyrics by LeoRobinBox officeAccording to Warner Bros. records, it was the studio's most financially successful film of 1946–47, earning $3,461,000 domestically and $1,370,000 in foreign territories.Passage 8:Olav AaraasOlavAaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director.He was born in Fredrikstad. From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to 2010 he was the director of Maihaugenand from 2001 he has been the director of the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History. In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.Passage 9:S. N. MathurS.N. Mathur was the Director of theIndian Intelligence Bureau between September 1975 and February 1980. He was also the Director General of Police in Punjab.Passage 10:George Dewhurst (director)George Dewhurst (1889 in Preston, Lancashire,England - 8 November 1968 in Tooting, London, England) was a British actor, screenwriter and film director. He directed several film versions of the play A Sister to Assist 'Er.Partial filmographyScreenwriterThe Lunaticat Large (1921)The Narrow Valley (1921)Dollars in Surrey (1921)No Lady (1931)The Price of Wisdom (1935)Adventure Ltd. (1935)King of the Castle (1936)DirectorThe Live Wire (1917)A Great Coup (1919)TheHomemaker (1919)The Uninvited Guest (1923)The Little Door Into the World (1923)What the Butler Saw (1924)Sweeney Todd (1926)Irish Destiny (1926)The Rising Generation (1928)ActorThe Woman Wins (1918)TheToilers (1919)The Tinted Venus (1921)Never Trouble Trouble (1931)Men Without Honour (1939)Deadlock (1943)


Passage 1:Frederick I, Count Palatine of SimmernFrederick I, the Hunsrücker (German: Friedrich I.; 19 November 1417 – 29 November 1480) was the Count Palatine of Simmern from 1459 until 1480.Frederick wasborn in 1417 to Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken and his wife, Anna of Veldenz. In 1444 his father partitioned his territories between Frederick and his younger brother Louis. Frederick marriedMargaret of Guelders, daughter of Duke Arnold, on 16 August 1454. Frederick died in Simmern in 1480 and was buried in the Augustinian Abbey of Ravengiersburg.ChildrenWith Margaret (1436 – 15 August 1486),daughter of Arnold, Duke of Guelders:Katherine of Palatinate-Simmern (1455 – 28 December 1522), Abbess in the St Klara monastery in TrierStephen (25 February 1457 – 1488/9) Canon in Strasbourg , Mainz andCologneWilliam (2 January 1458 – 1458)John I (15 May 1459 – 27 January 1509)Frederick (10 April 1460 – 22 November 1518) Canon in Cologne, Speyer , Trier , Mainz, Magdeburg and StrasbourgRupert (16 October1461 – 19 April 1507), bishop of Regensburg.Anne (30 July 1465 – 15 July 1517)  Nun in TrierMargaret (2 December 1466 – August 1506) Nun in TrierHelene (1467 – 21 February 1555) Prioress in the St. Agnesmonastery in TrierWilliam (20 April 1468 – 1481) Canon in TrierPassage 2:Reichard, Count Palatine of Simmern-SponheimReichard (25 July 1521 – 13 January 1598) was the Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim from1569 until 1598.Reichard was born in Simmern in 1521 to Johann II, Count Palatine of Simmern. In 1569 he succeeded his brother Georg as Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim. Reichard died in Simmern in 1598.Without any surviving children, Simmern-Sponheim was inherited by his great-nephew Frederick IV.MarriageReichard married Juliane of Wied (c. 1545 - 30 April 1575, daughter of Count Johann IV of Wied, on 30 July1569 and had several children:Juliana (21 November 1571 – 4 February 1592)Katherine (10 May 1573 – 12 October 1576)unnamed son (1574)unnamed son (30 April 1575)Reichard married Emilie of Württemberg (19August 1550 - 4 June 1589), daughter of Christoph, Duke of Württemberg, on 26 March 1578.Reichard married Anne Margaret of Palatinate-Veldenz (17 January 1571 - 1 November 1621), daughter of Count PalatineGeorg Johann I, on 14 December 1589.Passage 3:Louis Henry, Count Palatine of Simmern-KaiserslauternLouis Henry (German: Ludwig Heinrich) (11 October 1640 - 3 January 1674) was the Count Palatine ofSimmern-Kaiserslautern from 1653 until 1673.LifeLouis Henry was born in 1640 as the only surviving son of Louis Philip, Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern. He succeeded his father in 1655, and was under theregency of his mother, Marie Eleonore von Brandenburg, till 1658. He retired from ruling in 1673. He died less than a year later, and was buried in the St-Stephan's Church in Simmern.MarriageLouis Henry marriedMaria of Orange-Nassau (5 September 1642 - 20 March 1688) in 1666, daughter of the Dutch prince Frederick Henry. The marriage remained childless.Passage 4:John I, Count Palatine of SimmernJohn I (15 May 1459– 27 January 1509) was the Count Palatine of Simmern from 1480 until 1509.John was born in 1459 to Frederick I, Count Palatine of Simmern. He married Joanna of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1464 - 1521) the daughter ofJohann II of Nassau-Saarbrücken on 29 September 1481. John died in Starkenburg in 1509 and was buried in Simmern.ChildrenWith Joanna of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1464 - 1521) (14 April 1464 – 7 May 1521)Frederick(1490)John II (21 March 1492 – 18 May 1557)Frederick (1494–?)Passage 5:Sabina, Duchess of BavariaSabina, Duchess of Bavaria (1528–1578) was the daughter of John II, Count Palatine of Simmern and Beatrix ofBaden.MarriageIn 1544 she married Lamoral, Count of Egmont with whom she had twelve children. When her husband was arrested and accused of treason in 1567, she wrote king Philip II, the king of Spain, a letter toplead for his release. It was to no avail and he was decapitated in the following year. Sabina was buried in Egmont's crypt in Zottegem.ChildrenCharles, 7th Count of Egmont, Prince de Gavre: married to Marie deLens,  Lady of Aubigny.WidowhoodAfter her death in 1578, she was buried next to her husband in Zottegem.Passage 6:Georg, Count Palatine of Simmern-SponheimGeorg (20 February 1518 – 17 May 1569) was theCount Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim from 1559 until 1569.George was born in 1518 to Johann II, Count Palatine of Simmern. In 1559 his elder brother Frederick inherited the Electorate of the Palatinate and gaveGeorge his old territories inherited from his father in 1557. George married Elisabeth of Hesse, daughter of Landgrave Wilhelm I, on 9 January 1541. George died in 1569 and was succeeded in Simmern by his youngerbrother Reichard.ChildrenWith Elisabeth of Hesse (4 March 1503 - 4 January 1563)John (c. 7 October 1541 – 28 January 1562)George also had a mistress in Elisabeth of Rosenfeld and fathered two illegitimate childrenwith herAdam (c.1565–1598)George (c.1566–1598)See alsoList of Counts Palatine of the RhinePassage 7:Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-ZweibrückenStephen of Simmern-Zweibrücken (German: Stefan Pfalzgrafvon Simmern-Zweibrücken) (23 June 1385 – 14 February 1459, Simmern) was Count Palatine of Simmern and Zweibrücken from 1410 until his death in 1459.LifeHe was the son of King Rupert of Germany and his wifeElisabeth of Nuremberg. After the death of Rupert the Palatinate was divided between four of his surviving sons. Louis III received the main part, John received Palatinate-Neumarkt, Stephen receivedPalatinate-Simmern and Otto received Palatinate-Mosbach.In 1410, Stephen married Anna of Veldenz, who died in 1439. After the death of Anna's father in 1444, Stephen also gained control of Veldenz and of theVeldenz share of Sponheim. In the same year, he also divided the country between his sons Frederick I, who became Count Palatine of Simmern, and Louis I, who became Count Palatine of Zweibrücken. In 1448 hesucceeded to one part of Palatinate-Neumarkt and sold the other to his younger brother Otto.He was buried in the Schlosskirche (German: palace church), formerly the church of the Knights Hospitallers inMeisenheim.FamilyStefan of Simmern-Zweibrücken and Anna of Veldenz had issue:Anne (1413 – 12 March 1455)Margaret (1416 – 23 November 1426)Frederick I (24 April 1417 – 29 November 1480)Rupert (1420 – 17October 1478)Stephen (1421 – 4 September 1485) Canon in Strasbourg, Mainz, Cologne, Speyer and LiègeLouis I (1424 – 19 July 1489)John (1429–1475), Archbishop of MagdeburgAncestryPassage 8:John Christian,Count Palatine of SulzbachJohn Christian (23 January 1700 – 20 July 1733; in German: Johann Christian Joseph) was the Count Palatine of Sulzbach from 1732–33. He was the second and youngest surviving son ofduke Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (1659–1732) with his consort Eleonore Maria Amalia of Hesse-Rotenburg (1675–1720). His elder brother was Joseph Charles, Count Palatine of Sulzbach.LifeAfter thedeath of his elder brother Joseph Charles, John Christian Joseph became the eventual designated heir of the Electoral Palatine. In 1732 he succeeded his father as Count Palatine of Sulzbach, but died in Sulzbach in1733 before inheriting the Palatinate.Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine, a member of the Palatine Neuburg line of Wittelsbach failed to produce a legitimate male heir, and his brothers also. By 1716 it was evident thatthe Neuburg line would become extinct and that the Sulzbach branch would succeed them.MarriageHe married twice:Marie Anne Henriëtte Leopoldine de La Tour d'Auvergne (24 October 1708 – 28 July 1728), daughterof Francois Egon de la Tour d'Auvergne, Prince of Auvergne, and had the following children:Charles Theodore (11 December 1724 – 16 February 1799); became Elector Palatine in 1742, and Elector of Bavaria in1777Maria Anne (30 May 1728 – 25 June 1728)Eleonore Philippina Christina Sophia of Hesse-Rotenburg  (1712-1759); married on 1731 but had no issue.== Ancestry ==Passage 9:Elisabeth of NurembergElisabeth ofNuremberg (1358 – 26 July 1411) was Queen of Germany and Electress Palatine as the wife of Rupert, King of the Romans.LifeElisabeth was born in 1358, the daughter of Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg and hiswife Elisabeth of Meissen, daughter of Frederick II, Margrave of Meissen.In Amberg, on 27 June 1374, Elisabeth married Rupert, the son and heir of Rupert II, Elector Palatine. Upon Rupert's succession to the Palatinatein 1398, she became Electress consort of the Palatinate. When Rupert was elected King of the Romans in 1400, Elisabeth became Queen of the Romans. She survived her husband, who died on 18 May 1410, by a year,dying on 26 July 1411. Elisabeth was buried alongside her husband in the Church of the Holy Spirit, Heidelberg.IssueRupert Pipan (20 February 1375, Amberg – 25 January 1397, Amberg)Margaret (1376 – 27 August1434, Nancy), married on 6 February 1393 to Duke Charles II of LorraineFrederick (c. 1377, Amberg – 7 March 1401, Amberg)Louis III, Elector Palatine (23 January 1378 – 30 December 1436, Heidelberg)Agnes (1379– 1401, Heidelberg), married in Heidelberg shortly before March 1400 to Duke Adolph I of ClevesElisabeth (27 October 1381 – 31 December 1408, Innsbruck), married in Innsbruck 24 December 1407 to Duke FrederickIV of AustriaCount Palatine John of Neumarkt (1383, Neunburg vorm Wald – 13–14 March 1443)Count Palatine Stephen of Simmern-Zweibrücken (23 June 1385 – 14 February 1459, Simmern)Count Palatine Otto I ofMosbach (24 August 1390, Mosbach – 5 July 1461)Passage 10:Rudolph II, Count Palatine of TübingenRudolph II, Count Palatine of Tübingen (died 1 November 1247) was Count Palatine of Tübingen and Vogt ofSindelfingen.  He was the younger son of Rudolph I and his wife Matilda of Gleiberg, heiress of Giessen.LifeRudolph II inherited the County Palatine of Tübingen when his elder brother Hugo III died in 1216.  From 1224onwards, he is described as Count Palatine in many imperial documents, while his younger brother William is merely styled as Count.  Rudolph II supported Bebenhausen Abbey, which his parents had founded. Next tohis father, Rudolph II is the second most mentioned Count Palatine of Tübingen in imperial documents, mostly in documents by King Henry (VII) of Germany, the son of Emperor Frederick II, who had been elected Kingof Germany in 1220, at the age of 8.  Frederick II spent much of his time in Italy, leaving his ancestral Swabia in the hands of his son.  Later, in 1232, Henry revolted against his father, and did everything in his powerto win the Swabian nobility over to his side.  Rudolph II appears to have been among the noblemen who sided with Henry VII, at least, he is mentioned in 10 different documents of Henry VII and never by FrederickII.  Considering Rudolph's energetic character, one can assume that he intended to use the conflict between Henry VII and Frederick II to expand his own power and aim at an independent position.Swabian noblemen,including Rudolph II and his brother William, Count Hartmann I of Württemberg and a Count of Dillingen, visited Henry VII in Worms on 8 January 1224.  They met Margrave Herman V of Baden was also present, aswas Eberhard, Sénéchal of Waldburg and councillor and former guardian of Henry VII in Oppenheim on 5 April 1227 and in Hagenau on 1 May.  In the same year, Rudolph met Duke Louis I of Bavaria, who was animperial vicar and Conrad of Winterstetten, who was imperial cup-bearer and also a councilor of Henry VII.  He met the Lords of Neuffen and the imperial marshal Anselm of Justingen in Ulm on 23 February 1228.  On31 August 1228, Rudolph II appears, together with Margrave Herman V of Baden, Count Henry of Wirtemberg, a Count of Dillingen, Conrad of Weinsperg and the councillors mentioned above, as witnesses of a deed inwhich King henry VII confirms the privileges of Adelber Abbey in Esslingen.  Later that year, Rudolph II appeared as a witness in four deed by Duke Louis I of Bavaria and Bishop Ekbert of Bamberg, together with,among others, Margrave Herman V of Baden, Count Ulrich and Eberhard of Helfenstein, Counts Eberhard and Otto of Eberstein, Count Gottfried of Hohenlohe, and two councilors.Rudolph II stood at the head of adelegation of eight Swabian counts, among them Albert IV of Habsburg, Frederick IV of Zollern and a Count of Eberstein, at the Imperial Diet in Worms on 29 April 1231.  On 22 November 1231, Rudolph II and hisbrother William met Counts Albert of Rottenburg, Ulrich of Hefenstein and Eberhard of Walpurg at Henry VII's castle in Ulm.  On 31 December 1231, Rudolph witnessed a deed benefiting Neresheim Abbey in Wimpfen,together with Duke Conrad I of Teck and Margrave Hermann V of Baden.  The last time Rudolph II witnessed a deed of Henry VII was on 4 June 1233 in Esslingen, again with his brother William.In 1235, Pope GregoryIX called on the princes of the empire to organize a new crusade into the Holy Land, to render assistance to the beleaguered church there.  Rudolph II is the only Swabian nobleman named in this call to arms; whetherhe actually went to the Holy Land is unknown.  The fact that he is not mentioned in any deed between 1235 and 1243 suggests that he may have been absent for an extended period.  In particular, no mention is madeof his position in the struggle between King Conrad IV of Germany and anti-King Henry Raspe IV, which is remarkable, since this struggle took place mainly in Swabia.  However, a deed in favour of Bebenhausen Abbeywhich the papal legate made at Rudolph II's request in the army camp outside Ulm on 28 January 1247, suggests that he supported Henry Raspe.FamilyThe name of Rudolph II's wife has not been preserved.  She wasa daughter of a Margrave Henry from the House of Ronsberg and Udilhild of Gammertingen. They had the following children:Hugo IV, Count Palatine of TübingenRudolf III of Scheer (d. 12 May 1277), Count ofTübingen-HerrenbergUlrichMathilda, married Burchard II, Count of Hohenberg (d. 14 July 1253, struck by lightning).  Their daughter Gertrude Anna (c. 1225 – 16 February 1281) married Emperor Rudolf I, the firstEmperor from the House of Habsburg.== Footnotes ==


Passage 1:Louise Elisabeth of CourlandLouise Elisabeth of Courland (12 August 1646 in Jelgava – 16 December 1690 in Weferlingen) was Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg by marriage to Frederick II, Landgrave ofHesse-Homburg.LifeLouise Elisabeth was a daughter of Duke Jacob of Courland (1610-1662) from his marriage to Charlotte Louise (1617-1676), eldest daughter of Elector George William of Brandenburg.On 23 October1670 in Cölln, she married the later Landgrave Frederick II of Hesse-Homburg, the famous Prince of Homburg.  Frederick had converted to the Calvinist faith for the sake of their marriage.  This conversion brought himinto closer relations with the princely houses in Brandenburg and Hesse-Kassel, who were also Calvinist.  Louise Elisabeth's sister Maria Amalia married Landgrave Charles of Hesse-Kassel in 1673.  Louise Elizabeth wasa niece of Elector Frederick William of Brandenburg.  This relationship allowed Frederick to join the Prussian army and become commander of all the troops of the Electorate only two years later, in 1672.The CalvinistLouise Elisabeth played a significant role in the settlement of displaced Huguenots and Waldenses in Friedrichsdorf and Dornholzhausen in as well as in the formation of Calvinist congregations in Weferlingen and BadHomburg.IssueCharlotte Dorothea Sophia (1672–1738)married 1694 Johann Ernst III, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (1664–1707)Frederick III Jacob (1673–1746), Landgrave of Hesse-Homburgmarried 1. 1700 PrincessElisabeth Dorothea of Hesse-Darmstadt (1676–1721)married 2. 1728 Princess Christiane Charlotte of Nassau-Ottweiler (1685–1761)Karl Christian (1674–1695), fell at the Siege of NamurHedwig Luise(1675–1760)married 1718 Count Adam Friedrich von Schlieben (1677–1752)Philipp (1676–1706), fell at the Battle of Speyerbach in the War of the Spanish SuccessionWilhelmine Maria (1678–1770)married 1711 CountAnton II of Aldenburg (1681–1738)Eleonore Margarete (1679–1763)Elisabeth Juliana Francisca (1681–1707)married 1702 Prince Frederick William Adolf, Prince of Nassau-Siegen (1680–1722)Johanna Ernestine(1682–1698)Ferdinand (born and died 1683)Karl Ferdinand (1684–1688)Casimir William (1690–1726)Passage 2:Adelaide of HesseAdelaide of Hesse (Polish: Adelajda heska) (after 1323 – after May 26, 1371) wasqueen consort of Poland by marriage to Casimir III of Poland. She was daughter of Henry II, Landgrave of Hesse, and his wife Elisabeth of Thuringia, daughter of Frederick I, Margrave of Meissen. Adelaide was amember of the House of Hesse.BiographyShe was named after her paternal grandmother.Unhappy marriageOn September 29, 1341, in Poznań, Adelaide married Casimir III the Great, King of Poland. The marriage wasa result of an agreement between Casimir III and Luxemburgs.The marriage was Casimir's second marriage, after the death of his first wife, Aldona of Lithuania. Casimir had no male heir, though he had two daughters,Elizabeth and Kunigunde. On September 29, 1341, Adelaide was crowned in Poznań Cathedral. The marriage was an unhappy one, Casimir started living separately from Adelaide soon after theirmarriage.AnnulmentTheir loveless marriage lasted until 1356. Casimir separated from Adelaide and married his mistress Christina. Christina was the widow of Miklusz Rokiczani, a wealthy merchant. The bigamy and hiswomanizing got Casimir into severe trouble with the clergy.Casimir continued living with Christina despite complaints by Pope Innocent VI on behalf of Adelaide. The marriage lasted until 1363/1364 when Casimir againdeclared himself divorced. They had no children. The marriage to Adelaide was annulled in 1368. Then Casimir married his fourth wife, Jadwiga (Hedwig) of Żagań.This marriage produced another three daughters.WithAdelaide still alive and Christina possibly as well, the marriage to Jadwiga was also considered bigamous. The legitimacy of the three last daughters was disputed. Casimir managed to have two of his daughters, Annaand Kunigunde, legitimatized by Pope Urban V on December 5, 1369. Jadwiga the younger, was legitimatized by Pope Gregory XI on October 1, 1371.Later lifeAfter the annulment of her marriage, Adelaide went backhome to Hesse. She spent the rest of her life in Hesse.After her ex-husband's death, she fought for her property rights. She intervened in this case to Pope Gregory XI. On May 26, 1371, the Pope urged King Louis togive back her property.In popular cultureFilmQueen Adelaide is one of the main characters in the second season of Polish historical TV drama series "Korona Królów" ("The Crown of the Kings"). She is played byAleksandra Przesław.Further readingBalzer Oswald: Genealogia Piastów. Kraków 1895, p. 386-387.Paszkiewicz H.: Adelajda. In: Polski Słownik Biograficzny. Vol. 1. 1935, p. 28.Semkowicz Aleksander: Adelajda,Krystyna, Jadwiga, żony Kazimierza Wielkiego. Kwartalnik Historyczny 12. 1898, p. 561-566.Passage 3:Philip, Landgrave of Hesse-PhilippsthalPhilip of Hesse-Philippsthal (14 December 1655 – 18 June 1721) was theson of William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Hedwig Sophia of Brandenburg. He was the first landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal from 1663 to 1721 and the founder of the fifth branch of the house of Hesse.Marriageand issueIn 1680, Philip of Hesse-Philipsthal married Catherine of Solms-Laubach (1654–1736) (daughter of Count Charles Otto of Solms-Laubach).  They had 8 children:Wilhelmine of Hesse-Philipstahl(1681–1699)Charles I of Hesse-Philippsthal, landgrave of Hesse-PhilippsthalAmélie of Hesse-Philippsthal (1684–1754)Amoene of Hesse-Philippsthal (1685–1686)Philip of Hesse-Philipsthal (1686–1717) who, in 1714,married Marie von Limburg (1689–1759, (daughter of comte Albert von Limburg) and had children with herHenriette of Hesse-Philippsthal (1688–1761)William of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld, landgrave ofHesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld, founder of the sixth branch of the House of HesseSophie of Hesse-Philippsthal (1695–1728) who in 1723 married Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (who died in1775).BranchPhilip of Hesse-Philippsthal belonged to the Hesse-Philipsthal branch - this fifth branch was issued from the first branch of the House of Hesse, itself issuing from the first branch of the House ofBrabant.After the abdication of landgrave Ernest of Hesse-Philippsthal (1846-1925) in 1868, the Hesse-Philippsthal branch perpetuated itself through the sixth branch of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld, currentlyrepresented by William of Hesse-Philippsthal (1933-).AncestrySourcesgenroy.free.frPassage 4:Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-KasselCharles of Hesse-Kassel (German: Karl von Hessen-Kassel; 3 August 1654 – 23 March1730), of the House of Hesse, was the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1670 to 1730.ChildhoodCharles was the second son of William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and Hedwig Sophia of Brandenburg(1623–1683).  Until 1675 his mother ruled as his guardian and regent before Charles was old enough to take over the administration for the next 5 years.  His older brother, William VII, had died in 1670 shortly afterreaching adulthood, even before he had had the chance to make any changes with the administration.PoliciesUnder the reign of Charles, the consequences of the Thirty Years' War in the agricultural county could beovercome more quickly than they were in the more industrialized regions of the Holy Roman Empire.  He pushed for the recreation of a large army and put it in the service of other countries in the War of SpanishSuccession.   His soldiers, he gave, as well as other princes of his time, to foreign service for the Subsidiengelder [ subsidies ].  This policy remained controversial for its dealings with the mercenaries, according to the1908 Brockhaus (Volume 9, page 96) :"Dieses System verbesserte die Finanzen, aber nicht den Wohlstand des Landes,und brachte den glänzenden Hof selbst in ausländische Familienverbindungen."[ This systemimproved the finances but not the prosperity of the country,and brought to the brilliant court itself foreign familial connections. ]Charles left in 1685 to his younger brother Philipp as the latter's Paragium a small part ofthe Landgraviate of Hesse, the so-called Landgraviate of Hesse–Philippsthal, named after Philippsthal [ "Philipp's Valley" ] (formerly Kreuzberg, a place near Vacha on the Werra River).EconomyEven before the Edict ofFontainebleau (October 1685), Charles adopted on 18 April 1685 the Freiheits-Concession [ "Freedom Concession" ], promising the exiles from France, the Huguenots and Waldensians, free settlement and their ownchurches and schools.  In the following years, about 4000 the Protestants fled persecution in their homelands for Northern Hesse and, for example, about 1700 of them settled in Oberneustadt, the newly createdborough of Kassel.Following the ideas of mercantilism, Charles founded in 1679 the Messinghof, one of the first metal-processing plants in Hesse, in Bettenhausen, east of Kassel.In 1699 Charles founded Sieburg (since1717 Karlshafen) and also moved some of the Huguenots and Waldensians there.  With the construction of the Landgrave-Carl-Canal from the Diemel River to Kassel (and beyond), he tried to circumvent the existingcustoms borders but, after only a few kilometers, the construction was discontinued.CultureLandgrave Charles continued the design of the hillside park, Wilhelmshöhe ("William's Peak") in the Habichtswald ("HawkForest"), now a nature preserve west of Kassel. In particular, it was the construction of the Hercules monument that brought the Italian-inspired cascades and other water features to the park. Under his rule, theMoritzaue ("Maurice's Meadow") park near the town was extended over a large area to another park, the Karlsaue ("Charles's Meadow"), which still exists today, and the Schloss Orangerie was built.With theparticipation of the Landgrave, who was interested in history, the first archaeological excavations began in 1709 on the Mader Heide.FamilyCharles married his first cousin, Maria Amalia of Courland (1653–1711), thedaughter of Jacob Kettler, Duke of Courland, and had with her 24 children, fourteen of which lived long enough to have names:William (29 March 1674 – 25 July 1676)Charles (24 February 1675 – 7 December1677)Friedrich (28 April 1676 – 5 April 1751), who succeeded his father as Frederick, the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and became, in 1720, the King of Sweden∞ 1 1700 Princess Louisa Dorothea of Brandenburg(1680–1705)∞ 2 1715 Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden (1688–1741)Christian (2 July 1677 – 18 September 1677)Sophie Charlotte (16 July 1678 – 30 May 1749)∞ 1704 Frederick William, Duke ofMecklenburg-Schwerin (1675–1713)Son (12 June 1679)Charles (12 June 1680 – 13 November 1702)Daughter (12 April 1681)William (10 March 1682 – 1 February 1760), who succeeded his brother Frederick asWilliam VIII, the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel∞ 1717 Dorothea Wilhelmina of Saxe-Zeitz (1691–1743)Daughter (12 June 1683)Leopold (30 December 1684 – 10 September 1704)Son (12 November 1685)Louis (5September 1686 – 23 May 1706)Marie Louise (7 February 1688 – 9 April 1765)∞ 1709 Johan Willem Friso, Prince of Orange (1687–1711)Maximilian (28 May 1689 – 8 May 1753)∞ 1720 Friederike Landgravine ofHesse-Darmstadt (1698–1777)Daughter (5 July 1690)George Charles (8 January 1691 – 5 March 1755)Son (1692)Eleonore Antoine (11 January 1694 – 17 December 1694)Wilhelmine Charlotte (8 July 1695 – 27November 1722)Son (1696)Daughter (1697)Son (1699)Daughter (1701)Other RelationshipsAfter the death of his wife in 1713, Charles had a relationship with Jeanne Marguerite de Frere, Marquise de Langallerie, withwhom he had a son, Charles Frederic Philippe de Gentil, Marquis de Langallerie, who died early.  Charles secured in the same way the financial security of children who had come with his mistress.After the Marquise deLangallerie, the next mistress and confidante was Barbara Christine von Bernhold (1690–1756), who rose to Großhofmeisterin ("Senior Mistress of the Court") under Charles's son William VIII and was raised to the rankof Reichsgräfin ("Imperial Countess") in 1742 by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII. She was housed in the Bellevue Palace.AncestryPassage 5:Christine of SaxonyChristine of Saxony (25 December 1505 – 15 April1549) was a German noble, landgravine consort of Hesse by marriage to Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. She was the regent of Hesse during the absence of her spouse in 1547–1549.She was the daughter of George theBearded, Duke of Saxony and Barbara Jagiellon. On 11 December 1523 in Kassel, she married Landgrave Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. The marriage was arranged to forge an alliance between Hesse and Saxony andwas unhappy; Philip claimed to be disgusted by her and only shared her bed by duty. They had ten children.Whilst married to Christine, Philip practised bigamy and had another nine children with his other (morganatic)wife, Margarethe von der Saale; in 1540, Christine gave her consent to her husband's bigamy with his lover because of her view upon him as her sovereign. Margarethe von der Saale, however, was never seen atcourt.During Philip's absence and captivity during 1547–1549, Christine was regent jointly with her oldest son. She died before Philip's release in 1552.Children with Philip of HesseAgnes (31 May 1527 – 4 November1555), married:in Marburg on 9 January 1541 to Maurice, Elector of Saxony;in Weimar on 26 May 1555 to John Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha.Anna (26 October 1529 – 10 July 1591), married on 24 February 1544to Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken.William IV of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) (24 June 1532 – 25 August 1592).Philipp Ludwig (29 June 1534 – 31 August 1535).Barbara (8 April 1536 – 8 June 1597),married:in Reichenweier on 10 September 1555 to Duke George I of Württemberg-Mömpelgard;in Kassel on 11 November 1568 to Count Daniel of Waldeck.Louis IV of Hesse-Marburg (27 May 1537 – 9 October1604).Elisabeth (13 February 1539 – 14 March 1582), married on 8 July 1560 to Louis VI, Elector Palatine.Philip II of Hesse-Rheinfels (22 April 1541 – 20 November 1583).Christine (29 June 1543 – 13 May 1604),married in Gottorp on 17 December 1564 to Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp.Georg I of Hesse-Darmstadt (10 September 1547 – 7 February 1596).AncestryPassage 6:Prince Wilhelm ofHesse-Philippsthal-BarchfeldChlodwig, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (Chlodwig Alexis Ernst; 30 July 1876 – 17 November 1954) was an officer in the Prussian Army and head of the Hesse-Philippsthal line ofthe House of Hesse.As head of the house he was styled His Highness the Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld.Early lifeLandgrave Chlodwig, the seventh of ten children of Prince William ofHesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld, was born at Burgsteinfurt. He was the only surviving son from his father's second marriage with Princess Juliane of Bentheim and Steinfurt; his only surviving full sibling, Princess Bertha,was married to Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe.Although the third son Landgrave Chlodwig became heir to the headship of the House of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld upon the death of his uncle in 1905 due to his elder halfbrothers Prince Friedrich Wilhelm and Prince Carl Wilhelm von Ardeck's exclusion from the succession on account of their parents morganatic marriage.Landgrave Chlodwig served in the Prussian Army reaching the rankof lieutenant colonel. On 26 May 1904 he married Princess Caroline of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich, the daughter of Prince Hermann, in her home town of Lich. The couple had five children: Wilhelm Ernst Alexis Hermann(1905-1942) who married Princess Marianne of Prussia, Ernst Ludwig (1906-1934), Irene (1907-1980), Alexander Friedrich (1911-1939) and Viktoria Cäcilie (1914-1998).LandgraveOn 16 August 1905, Chlodwigsucceeded his uncle Landgrave Alexis as head of the House of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld, giving him a seat in the House of Lords of Prussia. On 22 December 1925 he inherited the assets and headship of the House ofHesse-Philippsthal following the death of Landgrave Ernst.In the early 1930s three of Landgrave Chlodwig's children (Wilhelm, Alexander Friedrich and Viktoria Cäcilie) joined the Nazi party. His third son PrinceAlexander Friedrich, who suffered from epilepsy, was sterilised by the Nazis on 27 September 1938, he died a year later. The landgrave's eldest son Prince Wilhelm, an SS-Hauptsturmführer, was killed in action duringWorld War II.Landgrave Chlodwig died aged 78 in Bad Hersfeld, he was survived by his wife and daughters, his three sons having predeceased him. His grandson Wilhelm succeeded him as head of the House ofHesse-Philippsthal.HonoursKnight of the House Order of the Golden Lion of Hesse, 21 December 1898Grand Cross of the Order of Ludwig of Hesse, 14 May 1910Grand Cross of the Princely House Order of LippeGrandCross of the Order of the Red Eagle of PrussiaKnight of the Order of St. John of PrussiaGrand Cross of the Ducal Saxe-Ernestine House OrderGrand Cross of the Princely House Order of Schaumburg-LippeCross of Meritof Waldeck and PyrmontAncestryPassage 7:Elisabeth of Hesse, Electress PalatineElisabeth of Hesse (13 February 1539 – 14 March 1582) was a German noblewoman.She was a daughter of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesseand Christine of Saxony, daughter of George, Duke of Saxony.On 8 July 1560 she married Louis VI, Elector Palatine. They had the following children:Anna Marie (1561–1589), married Charles IX of SwedenElisabeth (15June – 2 November 1562)Dorothea Elisabeth (12 January – 7 March 1565)Dorothea (1566–1567)Frederick Philip (19 October 1567 – 14 November 1568)Johann Friedrich (died within a month of birth)Ludwig (diedwithin three months of birth)Katharina (1572–1586)Christine (1573–1619)Frederick (1574–1610), succeeded as Elector PalatinePhilip (4 May 1575 – 9 August 1575)Elisabeth (1576–1577)== Ancestors ==Passage8:Elisabeth of the PalatinateElisabeth of the Palatinate (26 December 1618 – 11 February 1680), also known as Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Elisabeth of the Palatinate, or Princess-Abbess of Herford Abbey, was theeldest daughter of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (who was briefly King of Bohemia), and Elizabeth Stuart. Elisabeth of the Palatinate was a philosopher best known for her correspondence with René Descartes. She wascritical of Descartes' dualistic metaphysics and her work anticipated the metaphysical concerns of later philosophers.LifeElisabeth Simmern van Pallandt was born on December 26, 1618, in Heidelberg. She was the thirdof thirteen children and eldest daughter of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, and Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of James VI of Scotland and I of England and sister of Charles I.Much of Elisabeth's early life outside of her familialrelations is unknown.  After a short, unsuccessful reign in Bohemia, Elisabeth's parents were forced into exile in the Netherlands in 1620. Elisabeth stayed with her grandmother Louise Juliana of Nassau in Heidelbergbefore moving to the Netherlands at the age of nine.Elisabeth had a wide ranging education, studying philosophy, astronomy, mathematics, jurisprudence, history, modern and classical languages.  Her siblingsnicknamed her "La Grecque" ("The Greek") based on her skill with the ancient language.Elisabeth also studied the fine arts including painting, music and dancing.  She may have been tutored by Constantijn Huygens.In1633, Elisabeth received a proposal of marriage from Władysław IV Vasa, King of Poland.  The marriage would have been beneficial to the Palatine fortunes, but the king was a Catholic, and Elisabeth refused to convertfrom her Protestant faith in order to facilitate the marriage.Edward Reynolds dedicated his Treatise on the passions and the faculties of the soule of man (1640) to Elisabeth.  Although the exact context of the dedicationis unknown, the dedication suggests that Elisabeth had seen a draft of the work.In 1642, Elisabeth read Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy.In 1646, Elisabeth's brother Philip killed a man in a duel.  Elisabeth wassent to stay with family in  Germany where she tried to interest professors in Descartes' work.In 1660, Elisabeth entered the Lutheran convent at Herford, and in 1667 she became abbess of the convent.  While theconvent was Lutheran, Elisabeth was a Calvinist. Although the previous abbess (Elisabeth's cousin) had also been a Calvinist, this difference in faith created some initial distrust.As abbess, she presided over the conventand also governed the surrounding community of 7,000 people.    While Elisabeth was abbess, the convent became a refuge from religious persecution for people and she welcomed more marginal religious sects,


Passage 1:The Grey Lady(The) Grey Lady or (The) Gray Lady may refer to:FilmsThe Grey Lady (film), 1937 German film also known as Sherlock Holmes: The Grey LadyGrey Lady (film), 2017 American film directed by John SheaFolkloreGrey Lady, a ghost reputed to haunt Rufford Old Hall, Lancashire, EnglandGrey Lady, a ghost reputed to haunt Theatre Royal, Bath, EnglandGrey Lady, a ghost reputed to haunt Fort St. Angelo, Birgu, MaltaThe Grey Lady, a spirit reputed to haunt Cumberland College, in Dunedin, New ZealandThe Gray Lady Ghost, reputed to haunt the old parsonage in Sims, North Dakota, United StatesThe Grey Lady, a ghost reputed to haunt the Dark Hedges, County Antrim, Northern IrelandThe Grey Lady, a ghost reputed to haunt Gainsborough Old Hall, Lincolnshire, EnglandEntertainmentThe Gray Lady, a spirit from GhostbustersThe Grey Lady, a character in The Good WitchThe Grey Lady, a character in Harry Potter; see Hogwarts staffOther usesMV Grey Lady, American catamaran ferryA member of the Gray Ladies, volunteers working with the American Red Cross in WWIIThe Gray Lady, a nickname for The New York TimesSee alsoThe Old Grey Lady, a nickname for Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama, USThe Little Grey Lady of the Sea, a nickname for Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, USPassage 2:Governor GreyGovernor Grey or Gray may refer to:Charles Edward Grey (1785–1865), Governor of Barbados from 1841 to 1846 and Governor of Jamaica from 1847 to 1853George Grey (1812–1898), Governor of South Australia from 1841 to 1845, Governor of New Zealand 1845 to 1854 and from 1861 to 1868, and Governor of Cape Colony from 1854 to 1861Isaac P. Gray (1828–1895), 18th and 20th Governor of the U.S. state of IndianaMatthew Gray (Governor of Bombay) (fl. 1670s), acting Governor of Bombay from 1669 to 1672Ralph Grey, Baron Grey of Naunton (1910–1999), Governor of British Guiana from 1958 to 1964, Governor of the Bahamas from 1964 to 1968, and Governor of Northern Ireland from 1968 to 1973William Grey (governor) (1818–1878), Governor of Jamaica from 1874 to 1877Governor Grey (horse), second-place finisher in the 1911 Kentucky DerbyPassage 3:The Little Gray LadyThe Little Gray Lady is a lost 1914 silent film drama directed by Francis Powers and starring Jane Grey of the Broadway stage. It was produced by Adolph Zukor continuing his making films with Broadway actors and stars, hence the name of his company Famous Players Film Company.CastJane Grey as Anna GrayJames Cooley as Perry CarlyleJane Fearnley as Ruth JordanHal Clarendon as Sam MeadeJulia Walcott as Mrs. JordanRobert Cummings as Richard GrahamMathaleen Aarnold as Mrs. GrahamEdgar Davenport as John MooreSue Balfour as Mrs. CarlylePassage 4:Gray Lady DownGray Lady Down is a 1978 American submarine disaster film directed by David Greene and starring Charlton Heston, David Carradine, Stacy Keach, Ned Beatty, Ronny Cox and Rosemary Forsyth, and includes the feature film debut of Michael O'Keefe and Christopher Reeve. It is based on David Lavallee's 1971 novel Event 1000.PlotAging, respected Captain Paul Blanchard is on his final submarine tour before promotion to command of a submarine squadron (COMSUBRON). Surfaced and returning to port, the submarine, USS Neptune, is struck by a Norwegian freighter en route to New York in heavy fog. With the engine room flooded and its main propulsion disabled, the Neptune sinks to a depth of 1,450 feet (440 meters) or approx. 241.6 fathoms) on a canyon ledge above the ocean floor. A United States Navy rescue force, commanded by Captain Hal Bennett, arrives on the scene, but Neptune is subsequently rolled by a gravity slide to a greater angle that does not allow the Navy's Deep-submergence rescue vehicle (DSRV) to complete its work. As technical malfunctions increase, the submarine's sections get flooded and men die, crewmen have nervous breakdowns and tensions grow between the commanding officers.A small experimental submersible, Snark, is brought in to assist with the rescue. Snark is very capable, but run by a U.S. Navy officer misfit, Captain Don Gates. The tiny submersible is the only hope for a rescue. Ultimately, the surviving members of the crew are rescued by the DSRV, thanks to Gates sacrificing himself by using the Snark to jam the Neptune in place as another gravity slide begins while the rescue is taking place. Moments later the gravity slide pushes the Neptune and the Snark off the ledge and into the ocean's abyss. The film ends with a somber Blanchard climbing out of the DSRV and being welcomed aboard the rescue ship USS Pigeon by Bennett and his officers.CastCharlton Heston as Captain Paul BlanchardDavid Carradine as Captain Don GatesStacy Keach as Captain Hal BennettNed Beatty as MickeyStephen McHattie as Lieutenant Danny MurphyRonny Cox as Commander David SamuelsonDorian Harewood as Lieutenant FowlerRosemary Forsyth as Vickie BlanchardHilly Hicks as HM3 PageCharles Cioffi as Vice Admiral Michael BarnesWilliam Jordan as WatersJack Rader as Chief HarknessMichael O'Keefe as RM2 HarrisCharlie Robinson as McAllisterChristopher Reeve as Lieutenant (JG) PhillipsMelendy Britt as Liz BennettLawrason Driscoll as Lieutenant BloomDavid Wilson as SK1 HansonRobert Symonds as Secretary of NavyTed Gehring as Admiral at Pentagon MeetingCharles Cyphers as LarsonWilliam Bryant as Admiral at Pentagon MeetingJeffrey Druce as Neptune Executive OfficerJames Davidson as Lt. Commander at SACLANTDavid Clennon as Neptune CrewmemberMichael Cavanaugh as P03 Peña (uncredited)Bob Harks as Radio Operator (uncredited)Robert Ito as Jim, Lieutenant at SACLANT (uncredited)Sandra De Bruin as Irma Barnes (uncredited)John Stuart West as Submariner (uncredited)ProductionEven though the submarine depicted in the movie is a Skate-class submarine, in the opening credits, footage of the real-life submarine USS Trout (SS-566) was filmed specifically for Gray Lady Down, depicting the fictional USS Neptune.  Gray Lady Down also re-used submarine special-effects footage and the large-scale submarine model originally used to portray the fictional submarine USS Tigerfish in the 1968 movie Ice Station Zebra to depict USS Neptune. The US Navy's USS Cayuga (LST-1186) appeared in the film as the fictional USS Nassau. The USS Pigeon (ASR-21) and her DSRV were prominently featured in the movie.See alsoA Fall of Moondust, 1961 science fiction novel about vehicle trapped under the lunar surface with similar plot elementsExternal linksGray Lady Down at IMDbGray Lady Down at Rotten TomatoesGray Lady Down at AllMoviePassage 5:Edmund GreyEdmund Grey or Gray is the name of:Edmund Grey (MP for Lynn) (died 1547), MP for LynnEdmund Grey (All My Children), fictional television character in U.S. soap opera, All My ChildrenEdmund Grey, 1st Earl of Kent (1416–1490), English noblemanEdmund Dwyer Gray (1845–1888), Home Rule League MP in the Parliament of the United Kingdom and newspaper proprietorEdmund Dwyer-Gray (1870–1945), his son, also a politician and newspaper proprietor, who became Premier of TasmaniaEdmund Gray (1878–1964), Australian politicianSee alsoEdward Gray (disambiguation)Edward Grey (disambiguation)Passage 6:Singapore DreamingSingapore Dreaming is a 2006 Singaporean drama film. It follows the Loh family, a typical Singaporean working-class family, through their aspirations and dreams for a better and affluent life and the reality that would make it difficult for them to fulfill these aspirations.The film is inspired by a 2000 Singaporean essay titled Paved with Good Intentions, that the writers of the film had written for the Singapore International Foundation. A concatenation of e-mails Singaporeans sent to writers Colin Goh and Woo Yen Yen on their life stories in relation to the Singaporean dream eventually led them to write, produce and direct Singapore Dreaming. The film stars Richard Low as Poh Huat, Alice Lim as Siew Luan, Serene Chen as Irene, Yeo Yann Yann as Mei, Lim Yu-Beng as CK and Dick Su as Seng.The film was theatrically released on 7 September 2006, and at one time ranked fifth on the Singaporean box office. It has been acclaimed as one of the best Singaporean films of the 2000s. It won the Montblanc New Screenwriters Award at the 54th San Sebastián International Film Festival, and was the first such Singaporean film to receive an IFFPA-recognised international feature film award. Owing to its nature as a local film, Singapore Dreaming received much attention from Singaporean viewers, film critics and public figures alike, including S. R. Nathan, the then President of Singapore. It has been praised by local critics as a relatable portrayal of working-class life in Singapore.PlotPoh Huat (Richard Low), the father of the Loh family, works as a lawyer's clerk. He is married to Siew Luan (Alice Lim), a housewife who likes to brew liang teh (herbal tea) for the family. Poh Huat has a habit of buying lottery tickets in hope of winning and enjoying a better life. He also keeps newspaper cuttings of car models and condominiums and stores them in a box in his room.The family has one son, Seng (Dick Su), and one daughter, Mei (Yeo Yann Yann). Despite Mei's superior academic performance, the family has consistently shown favouritism for Seng. Even though he was ostensibly the academically poorer sibling, dropping out of school in Secondary 3, his parents still chose to fund his overseas polytechnic education instead of furthering his sister's education. Seng is due to return after two years at Dubois Polytechnical University (at Idaho). To fund his overseas studies, he had to borrow extra money from his fiancée, Irene (Serene Chen), who stays with Seng's parents.Mei works as a secretary who maintains a friendly working relationship with her boss. She is due for delivery in two months' time, and for maternity leave in a month's time. Her husband, Chin Keong (Lim Yu-Beng), quit his job in the Singapore Armed Forces a month before and is now selling insurance, though unsuccessfully. He is therefore belittled by Mei. Even though they cannot afford it, they frequently go to a condominium showroom to take a look, revealing their aspirations for a more luxurious lifestyle.Seng returns from the United States. Tensions escalate in the family between Mei and Seng, due to the family's apparent favouritism for Seng. Seng goes for several job interviews, but is unsuccessful. He becomes immensely disappointed, and lies to his family about the sanguinity of his job prospects.Poh Huat strikes the Toto lottery, winning S$2 million, and the family is ecstatic. Seng decides that he wants to try starting a business. He gains his father's approval, who gives him effectively unlimited funding through a credit card. Seng also buys a car, without Irene's knowledge. Irene is infuriated when she learns Seng has been overspending without working first.Initially thrilled by his sudden elevation to the higher social class, Poh Huat dies suddenly of a heart attack while he was at a country club for a membership interview. Siew Luan goes into shock. At the funeral, Seng quarrels with Mei over the funeral expenses. Mei vents her anger on Chin Keong, who shows his displeasure by throwing the carton of drinks on the floor and storming off. Mei is called back to work one afternoon, even though she is still managing the funeral. Chin Keong expresses his outrage at this unreasonable request, but Mei says out of frustration, "Singapore is like that, everywhere is like that, do we have a choice?" and returns to work. At work, Mei's boss, frustrated at the incapable temporary secretary, vents his anger at Mei and demands her to photocopy a stack of documents and brew coffee for him. Mei flips at the triviality of the task.Back at the funeral, Mei realizes that S$500 has gone missing from the pek kim, and wrongly accuses her Filipino maid, Pinky, of stealing the money. Chin Keong reveals shortly after that the money is actually with him. Pinky, indignant at the wrong accusation, spits at Mei. Chin Keong goes to a nearby coffee shop for a drink. A beer girl from Mainland China approaches him at his table to talk to him, and Chin Keong ends up confiding his worries about life. The girl notes, "You Singaporeans are always complaining. Do you think your life is tough?". During the funeral wake, Seng reveals to his family that he did not graduate. Initially unbeknownst to him, Irene is standing nearby at the door, and hears his confession. Irene is greatly disappointed with Seng, and resolves to leave him.A few months later, Chin Keong, Seng and Mei, with her newly-born son, are called to a lawyer's office. It is revealed that Poh Huat's will has been found (made before either of them are born): he had left all his assets to his wife Siew Luan. However, the family has chalked up a debt of S$800,000 in sending Seng overseas. Siew Luan is absent from the meeting, so the lawyer announces that, of the remaining S$1, 200,000, Mei is getting S$300,000, while Seng is getting S$1,000. At the movie's end, Siew Luan hands some money over to Poh Huat's mistress and illegitimate son in a show of benevolence, and leaves Seng. Irene decides to go abroad to pursue a degree in photography.CastA team of local actors composed the cast for Singapore Dreaming. Some casting decisions were made when the producers were penning the script in New York while others were made in Singapore.The characters of the film were based on the experiences of the people around the writers, that of the writers themselves, and on the e-mail responses that they received to their essay.Richard Low as Poh Huat: MediaCorp actor Richard Low had a role in one of the MediaCorp productions that was filming during the time Singapore Dreaming was set to film. However, he was not engaged as his character in that production was in coma. In the film, Poh Huat is the patriarch of the Loh family. He persistently favours and sides with his son, Seng over his daughter, Mei. Like the rest of the family, he yearns for a better life and, in particular, for a car and a country club membership.Alice Lim as Siew Luan: Alice Lim was one of the actresses that were cast later. She is the first female MC for major events in Singapore, and used to be active in the 1970s. The directors admired her 'beautiful' delivery of Hokkien in the film. In the film, Siew Luan married Poh Huat when she was young and remained a housewife ever since. She is seen to brew bottles of herbal tea perpetually (for members of the family, who, except for Irene, tend to reject them). She shares part of her life story with the audience as the film concludes.Serene Chen as Irene: The producers had a good relationship with Serene Chen from their previous work together on an earlier production, 3Meals. They planned to cast Serene Chen early on, during the initial script-writing. In the film, Serene plays the live-in fiancée of Seng, Irene. Irene is deeply attached to Seng and hankers for a marriage with him in the beginning of the film. She, together with Poh Huat, funded his overseas studies. Irene is also very close to Siew Luan.Yeo Yann Yann as Mei: Although the producers were unacquainted with Yann Yann, they used her face as a reference when writing for the character, Mei. Back in Singapore, Yann Yann accepted their offer to cast as Mei. In the film, Mei is the underappreciated daughter of the family, married to CK, whom she occasionally henpecks. Indignant that Seng was sent overseas when she was the one whose academic performance was more distinguished, she bears a patent grudge against Seng.Lim Yu-Beng as CK: The part of CK was written for Lim Yu-Beng, who agreed to join the film's production. In the film, CK resigned as an army officer and turned to selling insurance, a career at which he does not appear to be successful.Dick Su as Seng: Dick Su was involved in the production only after Serene Chen brought him in. In the film, Seng is the son in the family, who failed in graduating from his overseas studies. There were times when he tries to convince his family, especially his father, that he can succeed in life. Unfortunately, his plans never seem to work out and he ends up disappointing the people around him.DevelopmentConceptionThe development of Singapore Dreaming began in 2000 when New York-based couple Colin Goh and Woo Yen Yen wrote an essay for Singaporeans Exposed, a publication to commemorate the Singapore International Foundation's ten-year anniversary. The 5200-word essay, Paved with Good Intentions, explained the difference between the Singapore Dream and the Singapore Plan, and discussed the source and fashion of many Singaporeans' aspirations.  Paved with Good Intentions was later circulated round the Internet, where many Singaporeans read the essay.Confessional responses the couple received thereafter reached the hundreds. In a podcast with mrbrown, Woo explained the typical reader response was "How is it that I now have a house, I now have a car, a job, why I am still unhappy?" The couple "felt a responsibility to do something", which inspired them to write the film, the original working title of which was The 5Cs.ProductionThe film was a number of firsts in the film industry; Singapore Dreaming was the first Singaporean film to be digitally encoded and projected. It was also the first collaboration between Singaporean and New York film-makers; the Director of photography Martina Radwan, editor Rachel Kittner and sound designer Paul Hsu were based in New York, along with the production staff, while composer Sydney Tan was based in Singapore.Singapore Dreaming was an independent, low-budget production, costing only S$800 000 in total to produce — 80% of which was raised by Executive Producer Woffles Wu. The film was Woffles Wu's first production, and the Colin Goh–Woo Yen Yen team's second. The rigors of production forced Producer Woo Yen Yen to take a no-pay leave from her job as an assistant professor.Filming began in August 2005, with the scenes in the house shot in an actual 3-room HDB flat in a bid for authenticity. This led to situations in which the cast and crew had to squeeze into the rooms in the small flat for hours on end. The team also had to endure heat and stuffy conditions, especially during the scene in which the family shared steamboat in the living room.In an attempt at authenticity and realism, the producers allowed the characters speak in a mix of Hokkien, English and Mandarin, in the typical Singaporean manner. The film would later be subtitled in English and Mandarin during post-production so that the audience would be able to understand the characters' lexicon without knowing how the average Singaporean speaks.Unlike in larger productions, the team of directors had to assume numerous roles during the independent production, some of which included the transportation of furniture and buying drinking water for the crew during the shoot. Colin Goh and Steven Chin, the assistant director, also had to take the unusual step of staging a fight to distract curious passers-by and prevent them from gathering round when they were shooting a certain scene.  After the filming was complete, the movie was digitally encoded in New York and digitally projected at a number of select cinemas.Publicity and releasePremieresBefore being commercially released, Singapore Dreaming was screened at two charity premieres. The first, on 12 April 2006 at Lido, was a pre-opener to the Singapore International Film Festival. Tickets were sold at $15 and all proceeds went to the Festival. The tickets were sold out by 6.00 pm on the day they were released. Among the guests were public figures including president Sellapan Ramanathan and wife, Foreign Minister George Yeo and Opposition Member of Parliament Chiam See Tong. Directors like Jack Neo and Eric Khoo also attended this premiere. A total of about 700 people attended the event.The second charity premiere was on 30 August 2006, and the beneficiary was the Association of Women for Action and Research. The producers organized a Teachers' Day Giveaway, allowing students to nominate teachers for a free screening. In total, 100 pairs of tickets were given away this way. The audience filled up all five cinema halls at GV Grand at Great World City. Like the first premiere, the event was sold-out.Commercial releaseSneak previews began on 1 September 2006 while the film was commercially released on 7 September 2006. The film opened on a total of eighteen screens islandwide, which encompasses all GV and Cathay screens and selected Shaw and Eng Wah screens.The producers were initially concerned about the small independent film lasting in the cinemas with the influx of American blockbusters. Thus, the producers continually urged on the film's blog for those interested to watch the film as early as possible, in case of a short theatrical run. However, the film's theatrical run was to continue for eight weeks; it outlasted all other films that opened in the same week. After a