Passage 1:Marzuban ibn Muhammad ibn ShaddadMarzuban ibn Muhammad ibn Shaddad was a Kurdish ruler, the brother of Lashkari ibn Muhammad. He succeeded his brother to the throne of the Shaddadids in 978. He was incompetent, however, and reigned only until his murder by his younger brother Fadl ibn Muhammad in 985.SourcesMinorsky, Vladimir (1977) [1953]. Studies in Caucasian History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-05735-3.Peacock, Andrew (2011). "SHADDADIDS". Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition.Passage 2:Shabbir MuhammadShabbir Muhammad (born 3 March 1978) is a Pakistani field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 2004 Summer Olympics.Passage 3:Maria al-QibtiyyaMāriyya bint Shamūn (Arabic:   ), better known as Māriyyah al-Qibiyyah or al-Qubiyya (Arabic:  ), or Maria the Copt, died 637, was an Egyptian woman who, along with her sister Sirin bint Shamun, was sent to the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 628 as a gift by Al-Muqawqis, a Christian governor of Alexandria, during the territory's Sasanian occupation. She and her sister were slaves. She spent the rest of her life in Medina and had a son, Ibrahim with Muhammad. The son died as an infant and she died almost five years later.Al-Maqrizi says that she was a native of Hebenu (Coptic: , Koinē Greek: λάβαστρων πόλις Alábastrōn pólis, Arabic: , romanized: al-Khafn), a village located near Antinoöpolis.BiographyIn the Islamic year 6 AH (627 – 628 CE), Muhammad is said to have had letters written to the great rulers of the Middle East, proclaiming the continuation of the monotheistic faith with its final messages and inviting the rulers to join. The purported texts of some of the letters are found in Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari's History of the Prophets and Kings. Tabari writes that a deputation was sent to an Egyptian governor named as al-Muqawqis. Maria was a slave who was offered as a gift of goodwill to Muhammad in reply to his envoys inviting the governor of Alexandria to Islam. Muhammad emancipated her after the birth of her son.Tabari recounts the story of Maria's arrival from Egypt:In this year Hātib b. Abi Balta'ah came back from al-Muqawqis bringing Māriyah and her sister Sīrīn, his female mule Duldul, his donkey Ya'fūr, and sets of garments. With the two women al-Muqawqis had sent a eunuch, and the latter stayed with them. Hātib had invited them to become Muslims before he arrived with them, and Māriyah and her sister did so. The Messenger of God, peace and blessings of Allah be upon Him, lodged them with Umm Sulaym bt. Milhān. Māriyah was beautiful. The prophet sent her sister Sīrīn to Hassān b. Thābit and she bore him 'Abd al-Rahmān b. Hassān.The death of Ibrahim caused Muhammad to weep.Status as a wife or concubineMuhammad's earliest biographers, like Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Sa’d, and al-Tabari, mentioned Mariyah as the Prophet’s slavegirl or concubine in their sirah.Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya is another scholar and biographer of prophet Muhammad who writes a sirah called Zad al-Ma'ad where he mentioned Mariyah as a slave girl.Like Rayhana bint Zayd, there is some debate between historians and scholars as to whether Mariyah ever became Muhammad's wife or remained a concubine. An indication that she was a concubine is that when she bore her son to Muhammad, she was set free.Ibn ‘Abbas said: When Maria gave birth to Ibrahim the Messenger of Allah () said, ‘Her son has set her free.’  There is also strong evidence that there was no living quarter for her in the proximity of the Prophet's Mosque. Only the wives of Muhammad had their quarters adjacent to one another in the proximity of his mosque at Medina. Maria was made to reside permanently in an orchard, some three kilometers from the mosque. Evidence that suggests she was a concubine is in the narration:Anas said:  The Messenger of Allah () had a female-slave (amat) with whom he had intercourse, but ‘Aishah and Hafsah would not leave him alone until he said that she was forbidden for him. Then Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, revealed: “O Prophet! Why do you forbid (for yourself) that which Allah has allowed to you.’ until the end of the Verse.”The ‘female-slave’ referred to in this narration was Maria, the Copt, as specified in a hadith attributed to Umar and classified as sahih by Ibn Kathir, which names her Umm Ibrahim (the mother of Ibrahim).In a report from Ibn ‘Abbas and ‘Urwah b. al-Zubair concerning the same incident, Muhammad said to Hafsa:I make you witness that I my concubine (surriyyati) is now forbidden unto me.Some Islamic scholars point to a different Asbāb al-nuzūl (circumstance of revelation) for the above incident, saying it was only caused by Muhammad drinking honey, as narrated in Sahih al-Bukhari by Muhammed's wife Aisha:The Prophet () used to stay (for a period) in the house of Zaynab bint Jahsh (one of the wives of the Prophet ) and he used to drink honey in her house. Hafsa bint Umar and I decided that when the Prophet () entered upon either of us, she would say, " I smell in you the bad smell of Maghafir (a bad smelling raisin). Have you eaten Maghafir?" When he entered upon one of us, she said that to him. He replied (to her), "No, but I have drunk honey in the house of Zaynab bint Jahsh, and I will never drink it again."However, another narration in Sunan Abu Dawud indicates that drinking honey is a euphemism for sexual intercourse:The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) was asked about a man who divorced his wife three times, and she married another who entered upon her, but divorced her before having intercourse with her, whether she was lawful for the former husband. She said: The Prophet (peace be upon him) replied: She is not lawful for the first (husband) until she tastes the honey of the other husband and he tastes her honey.Al-Tabari lists Maria as both one of Muhammad's wives and his slave, perhaps using "wife" in the sense of one whom Muhammad slept with and who mothered his child.Mariyah the Copt was presented to the Messenger of God, given to him by al-Muqawqis, the ruler of Alexandria, and she gave birth to the Messenger of God’s son Ibrahim. These were the Messenger of God's wifes.The Prophet admired Umm Ibrahim ["Mother of Ibrahim," Mariyah’s title], who was fair-skinned and beautiful. He lodged her in al-‘Aliyah, at the property nowadays called of Umm Ibrahim. He used to visit her there and ordered her to veil herself, [but] he had intercourse with her by virtue of her being his property...One hadith attributed to Mus‘ab b. ‘Abdullah al-Zubairi states that the two were married, though another rendering of the hadith by Mus‘ab's nephew Zubair b. al-Bakkar makes no mention of marriage.See alsoAisha bint Abu BakrList of non-Arab SahabaNotesPassage 4:Ibrahim ibn Muhammad Al ash-SheikhIbrahim ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh  was a leading Salafi scholar in Saudi Arabia and minister of justice between 1975 and 1990.BackgroundIbrahim ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh was born into the noted family of Saudi religious scholars, the Al ash-Sheikh, descendants of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, the influential Muslim scholar. He was the eldest son of Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al ash-Sheikh, Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia until 1969.CareerIbrahim ibn Muhammad was one of the most influential religious leaders in the early 1970s. He maintained a close relationship with King Faisal, with whom he met on a weekly basis. He believed that Saudi Arabia should take a leading role in the Arab world and pushed for Saudi involvement in war with Israel.Between 1975 and 1990, he served as minister of justice.FamilyHis brother Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh, a younger son of the late Grand Mufti, also served as minister of justice, from 1993 to 2009. His grandson Turki is a lawyer practicing in London and Riyadh.Passage 5:Abdullah ibn MuhammadAbd Allāh ibn Muammad (Arabic:    ) also known as al-āhir (lit. 'the pure') and al-ayyib (lit. 'the good') was one of the sons of Muhammad and Khadija. He died in childhood.His full name was Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Shaiba. His father became a successful merchant and was involved in trade. Due to his upright character Muhammad acquired the nickname "al-Amin" (Arabic: ), meaning "faithful, trustworthy" and "al-Sadiq" meaning "truthful" and was sought out as an impartial arbitrator. His reputation attracted a proposal in 595 from Khadija, a successful businesswoman. Muhammad consented to the marriage, which by all accounts was a happy one. After the marriage was consummated, his elder brother al-Qasim was born. Qasim was the eldest son of Muhammad and Khadija. After Qasim, his four sisters were born. Abd Allah was born around 611. He was the youngest child of Muhammad and Khadija.Muhammad gave him the name of his father. Abd Allah died at 4 in 615 CE.SiblingsQasim ibn MuhammadZainab bint MuhammadRuqayya bint MuhammadUmm Kulthum bint MuhammadFatima bint MuhammadIbrahim ibn MuhammadPassage 6:Ibrahim ibn MuhammadIbrāhīm ibn Muammad (Arabic:   ), was the son of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and Maria al-Qibtiyya. He died at the age of 2.Eclipse occurrenceIn his book "Al-Bidāya wa-n-Nihāya" Ibn Kathir mentions that Ibrahim died on Thursday 10 Rabi' al-Awwal 10 AH, and on the same day right after his death, an eclipse of the sun occurred, so people at the moment started talking that Allah is showing his condolences to his prophet by eclipsing the Sun. Muhammad, not wanting his companions to fall into Fitna by ascribing divinities to him or his son, stood at the mosque and said:  "The sun and the moon do not eclipse because of the death or life (i.e. birth) of someone. When you see the eclipse pray and invoke Allah."Illness and deathMuhammad's wife, and the mother of believers, Ibrahim's mother was an Egyptian woman who came from Byzantine official to Muhammad in 628. According to Ibn Kathir, quoting Ibn Sa'd, he was born in the last month of the year 8 AH, equivalent of 630 CE. Muslim scholars such as Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj and Al-Nasa'i mention that Al-Waqidi is not reliable and is not trustworthy to be quoted. The child was named after Abraham (or Ibrahim in Arabic) the Biblical prophet revered in Jewish, Christian and Muslim traditions. Ibrahim was placed in the care of a nurse called Umm Sayf, wife of Abu Sayf, the blacksmith, in the tradition of the Arabs of the time, to whom Muhammad gave some goats to complement her milk supply. When he fell ill he was moved to a date orchard near the residence of his mother, under the care of her and her sister Sirin. When it was clear that he would not likely survive, Muhammad was informed. His reaction to the news is reported as:He was so shocked at the news that he felt his knees could no longer carry him, and asked `Abd al Rahman ibn `Awf to give him his hand to lean upon. He proceeded immediately to the orchard and arrived in time to bid farewell to an infant dying in his mother's lap. Prophet Muhammad took the child and laid him in his own lap while shaking his hand. His heart was torn apart by the new tragedy, and his face mirrored his inner pain. Choking with sorrow, he said to his son, "O Ibrahim, against the judgement of God, we cannot avail you a thing," and then fell silent. Tears flowed from his eyes. The child lapsed gradually, and his mother and aunt watched and cried incessantly, and the Prophet never ordered them to stop. As Ibrahim surrendered to death, Prophet Muhammad's hope which had consoled him for a brief while completely crumbled. With tears in his eyes he talked once more to the dead child: "O Ibrahim, were the truth not certain that the last of us will join the first, we would have mourned you even more than we do now." A moment later he said: "The eyes send their tears and the heart is saddened, but we do not say anything except that which pleases our Lord. Indeed, O Ibrahim, we are bereaved by your departure from us."BurialMuhammad is also reported as having informed Maria and Sirin that Ibrahim would have his own nurse in Paradise. Different accounts relate that the ghusl for Ibrahim was performed by either Umm Burdah, or al-Fadl ibn Abbas, in preparation for burial. Thereafter, he was carried to the cemetery upon a little bier by Muhammad, his uncle al-Abbas, and others. Here, after a funeral prayer led by Muhammad, he was interred. Muhammad then filled the grave with sand, sprinkled some water upon it, and placed a landmark on it, saying that "Tombstones do neither good nor ill, but they help appease the living. Anything that man does, God wishes him to do well."SiblingsQasim ibn MuhammadAbd Allah ibn MuhammadZainab bint MuhammadRuqayya bint MuhammadUmm Kulthum bint MuhammadFatimah al-Zahra bint MuhammadSee alsoIslam and childrenPassage 7:Ibrahim ibn al-Husayn (Ibn al-Walid)Ibrahim ibn al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid (Arabic:         , romanized: Ibrāhīm ibn al-usayn ibn Alī ibn Muammad ibn al-Walīd) was the eleventh Tayyibi Isma'ili Dāī al-Mulaq in Yemen, from 1287 to his death in 1328.LifeIbrahim was a member of the Banu al-Walid al-Anf family, that dominated the office of Dāī al-Mulaq almost continuously in the 13th to early 16th centuries. He was the son of the eighth Dāī, Al-Husayn ibn Ali, and brother of the ninth Dāī, Ali ibn al-Husayn. Ibrahim moved his seat from Sanaa to the fortress of Af'ida, and in 1325 he took over the town of Kawkaban, where he started gathering military forces to oppose the Zaydi imams.He was succeeded by Muhammad ibn Hatim (1327–1328), who in turn was succeeded by Ibrahim's son Ali Shams al-Din I.TombHis grave, along with those of the 12th and 13th Dāīs, were hidden and unknown until recently, when the archaeological authority of Yemen, along with Dawoodi Bohras living there, located them on Hisn Af'ida. On 25 November 2018, Mufaddal Saifuddin, the 53rd Dāī al-Mulaq, unveiled its existence. A mausoleum will soon be made and declared open.Passage 8:Amir Muhammad (director)Amir Muhammad (born 5 December 1972) is a Malaysian writer and independent filmmaker.Life and careerHe was born on 5 December 1972 in Kuala Lumpur to civil servant Muhammad Abdullah and housewife Asiah Kechik. He was educated at the University of East Anglia with a degree in Law, though he never did his bar but rather worked in his sponsoring company's legal company for nine months.He had also written for Malaysian print media since the age of 14, notably the New Straits Times, where he had worked there as a part timer under several editors. He had a dedicated column there from 1995 until it was stopped in 1999 during the general elections as the column was considered to be "unhelpful to the government in its bid to win the elections."Amir took up filmmaking on the encouragement of film director U-Wei Haji Saari after interviewing the latter during his part-time job as the latter's film Perempuan, Isteri Dan...? was released in 1993. In 2000, he wrote and directed Malaysia's first DV feature. Some of his works have also been featured in a number of international film festivals including the Sundance Film Festival and the Berlin International Film Festival. Two of his films, Apa Khabar Orang Kampung and The Last Communist have been banned in Malaysia. A full retrospective of his work was screened at the 2008 Pesaro Film Festival, Italy. He is a partner at Da Huang Pictures.He also publishes books under his companies Matahari Books (started in 2007) and Buku FIXI (since 2011), taking a break from film-making during this time period.FilmographyFilmsLips to Lips (2000)The Big Durian (2003) - Special citation, Dragons and Tigers Award in 2004 Vancouver International Film Festival; Special mention, New Asian Currents in 2003 Yamagata International Documentary Film FestivalThe Year of Living Vicariously (2005)Tokyo Magic Hour (2005)The Last Communist (Lelaki komunis terakhir) (2006)Apa Khabar Orang Kampung (Village People Radio Show) (2007)Susuk (2008)Malaysian Gods (2009)Kisah Pelayaran Ke Terengganu (2016)Short films6horts #1: Lost (2002) - Won, Critics prize for Best Asian Digital Film in 2002 Singapore International Film Festival (SIFF)6horts #2: Friday (2002)6horts #3: Mona (2002)6horts #4: Checkpoint (2002)6horts #5: Kamunting (2002) - Won, Silver Screen Award for Best Asian Digital Short in 2003 SIFF6horts #6: Pangyau (2002)The Amber Sexalogy (2006)BooksYasmin Ahmad's Films (Matahari Books, 2009)Rojak (ZI Publications, 2010)120 Malay Movies (Matahari Books, 2010)Malaysian Politicians Say the Darndest Things series (Matahari Books)Passage 9:Ridhuan MuhammadMuhammad Ridhuan bin Muhammad (born 6 May 1984) is a former Singaporean professional footballer who played in the Singapore Premier League and Liga 1 as a defender and occasionally winger.Club careerRidhuan started playing football at the Milo Soccer School. Ridhuan was part of the pioneer batch at the National Football Academy that was set up in 2000.Young LionsRidhuan started his career with S.League clubs Young Lions. First catching the eye for the national U18 team with his speed and mazy dribbling skills, he joined the Young Lions for the 2003 S.League season.Tampines RoversIn 2007, Tampines Rovers head coach Vorawan Chitavanich offered Ridhuan to play at Tampines Rovers which he accepted.Arema MalangIn 2009, Ridhuan was in the midst of discussion with Indonesian club Persib Bandung when fellow national footballer, Noh Alam Shah, invited him to join Arema F.C. Ridhuan eventually signed with Arema and spent three and a half season with Arema and helped Arema to win the 2009-2010 Indonesian Super League title.In 2003, Ridhuan also spent half a season on loan at Putra Samarinda. He was wildly popular during his time in Indonesia and was often referred to as R6, a moniker of Cristiano Ronaldo's CR7.Due to a possible ban by FIFA on football activities in Indonesia, Ridhuan left the club and returned to Singapore.Geylang InternationalWith a FIFA ban looming on all Indonesian footballing activities, he moved back to Singapore with Geylang International after his 4-year sojourn.Tampines RoversFollowing his release by Tampines Rovers at the conclusion of the 2015 S.League season, Ridhuan announced his retirement from football to forge a new career in the oil and gas industry following his failure to secure a contract.Warriors FCHowever, the speedy winger was snapped up by Warriors FC just before the start of the 2016 S.League season and made his debut as a substitute in a 3–1 loss against Brunei DPMM. He scored his first goal of the season in a 2–2 draw against Geylang International to rescue a point for the Warriors after coming on as a substitute. He repaid the faith that the Warriors had shown him by accumulating a total of four goals and six assists in all competitions. His performances for the Warriors was rewarded with a contract extension for the 2017 S.League season.Borneo FCRidhuan planned to end his footballing career in Indonesia and signed a one month deal with Borneo FC in early 2018 to participate in a tournament. After his contract ended, Warriors FC contacted Ridhuan to sign him back to the club but was rejected by him.Tanjong Pagar UnitedOn 13 January 2021, Tanjong Pagar United has announced that they have signed Ridhuan for the 2021 season. This marks him coming out of retirement from football since 2018. On 10 October 2021, Ridhuan retired from football after a season with the Jaguars, making four appearances for the club.Managerial careerTanjong Pagar United U15On 28 December 2021, Tanjong Pagar United has announced that Ridhuan will be a part of the coaching team. He will coach the club’s U15 team.International careerWhile Ridhuan did not feature much in the league, Singapore coach Radojko Avramović saw something in the talented youngster and gave him his international debut against Qatar on 19 November 2003.With midfielder Shahril Ishak, defender Baihakki Khaizan and keeper Hassan Sunny, he is part of the 'NFA Gang of Four', the quartet which has played together since their early teenage years and earned senior international honours in 2003.He was also part of the national side that won the 2004 AFF Championship albeit only featuring in the opening game. Three years later in the 2007 AFF Championship, he played a major role in the team's success in retaining the championship.As of December 2017, Ridhuan has amassed 68 caps for Singapore.Personal lifeRidhuan went to Hong Kah Primary and Secondary School. Apart from playing football, he owns a home based barber service called 1E_Xpress. Amongst his clients was his former lions teammates Baihakki Khaizan, Khairul Amri, Noh Alam Shah and Shahril


Passage 1:Jean de LimurJean de Limur (13 November 1887, Vouhé, Charente-Maritime – 5 June 1976, Paris) was a French film director, actor and screenwriter. His works include La Garçonne (1936) and The Letter(1929). A French army officer and a designer, he first came to the United States with his parents, Count and Countess de Limur in September 1920; their destination was Burlingame, California, where lived Jean'sbrother André (who married Ethel, daughter of William Henry Crocker).FilmographyThe Arab (1924) actorHuman Desires (1924)The Legion of the Condemned (1928) co-screenplayThe Letter (1929) directorJealousy(1929) directorMy Childish Father (1930)Paprika (1933) directorL'Auberge du Petit-Dragon (1935)La Garçonne (1936) director; with Arletty, Edith Piaf, and Marie BellPassage 2:Andréa FerréolAndréa Ferréol (bornAndrée Louise Ferréol; January 6, 1947) is a French actress and officer of the Ordre national du Mérite (2009).Her debut was in the 1973 film La Grande bouffe, which made a big scandal at the Cannes Film Festival.Shewas the last partner of Egyptian actor Omar Sharif.FilmographyPassage 3:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Irelandand Australia, and now lives and works in the United States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Artin Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in theUnited States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019, he succeeded DanMonroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career in IrelandKennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989)degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history.He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the ChesterBeatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublinfrom 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003. In September 1997 he became Director of theNational Gallery of Australia.National Gallery of Australia (NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increasedthe number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued theemphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions.During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporatesponsorship. However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was not delivered during DrKennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later.  Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud'sAfter Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiplesand unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive. He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in2010 (see reference to the building project above).Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship.He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor. However, there wereother exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted largeattendances in London and Brooklyn. Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous. The then-mayor of New York,Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion." In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated thatthe events in New York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art". He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far."Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on hismanagement of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-oldair-conditioning system. The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003. Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his twopredecessors.He became a joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003.Toledo Museum of ArtThe Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings and sculpture, glass,antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke. The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the field of art education.  During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum'sart education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read, understand and write visual language."   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents,volunteers and the launch of a website, www.vislit.org. In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so. Kennedy has been a frequentspeaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy.Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples.Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy and Mary Sibande have been acquired.  In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and LucaGiordano.During his tenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold to the museum.  In2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015.HoodMuseum of ArtKennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July 2005. During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publicationsto bring greater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions. At 70,000 objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections onany American college of university campus. The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body, toured several US venues. Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art,with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually. Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of StoneSteles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons.PublicationsKennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:AlfredChester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics, Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990),ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), NationalGallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers(November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art(October 2010), ISBN 978-0-944722-39-8Honors and achievementsKennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art. He is a trustee and treasurer of theAssociation of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the International Association of Art Critics. In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at theUniversity of Toledo and received an honorary doctorate from Lourdes University. Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for arteducation.== Notes ==Passage 4:Dana BlanksteinDana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School. She was appointed by the board of directors  inNovember 2019.  Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television. She is a film director, and an Israeli culture entrepreneur.BiographyDana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 totheatre director Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein. She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv.Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with highhonors. During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina's Tragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners.  She also directed and shot 'the making of' film onGavison's film Lost and Found. Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival, 2007.Film and academic careerAfter her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and television departmentat the Kfar Saba municipality. The department encouraged and promoted productions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educational community activities.Blankstein directedthe mini-series "Tel Aviviot" (2012). From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television.In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed the new director of the Sam Spiegel Filmand Television School where she also oversees the Sam Spiegel International Film Lab. In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and the film preparatory program for Arabic speakers in eastJerusalem.FilmographyTel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)Camping (debut film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)Passage5:S. N. MathurS.N. Mathur was the Director of the Indian Intelligence Bureau between September 1975 and February 1980. He was also the Director General of Police in Punjab.Passage 6:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barryis an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989)(mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008)(documentary)The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)Passage 7:La Grande MeuteLa Grande Meute is a 1945 French film directed by Jean de Limur.The title refers to a pack of dogs inherited by Côme de Lambrefaut throughthe family mansion on the death of his father. Everything else apart from the 110 hunting dogs has been mortgaged. He marries Agnès de Charençay, who shares his enthusiasm for the hunt, but this leads to the deathof their son and hopes of descendants. Agnès divorces and marries a man whose wealth helps her to humiliate Côme, by buying his debts, slowly acquiring everything. In September 1939, the house is destroyed bygunfire and the dogs all escape.The film recorded admissions in France of 1,754,414.CastJean Brochard: Maître MarvaultAimé Clariond: Martin du BocageSuzanne Dantès: La marquise de BadoulJean Dasté:L'huissierGuy Decomble: Me FrouasJacques Dumesnil: Côme de LambrefautCamille Guérini: La RaméeJulienne Paroli: SylvieJacqueline Porel: Agnès de CharançayMaurice Schutz: Patrice de LambrefautPaul Villé: LecuréPaulette Élambert: LaurettePaul BargeKetty KervielFrédéric MariottiMorissPassage 8:Olav AaraasOlav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director.He was born in Fredrikstad. From1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to 2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History. In 2010 he wasdecorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.Passage 9:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directingepisodic television and television films. Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law &Order and Judging Amy.Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) andamong other films. He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor inseveral Broadway productions. He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army. He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University.Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company. He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse]with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company.Passage 10:Jesse E. HobsonJesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director of SRIInternational from 1947 to 1955. Prior to SRI, he was the director of the Armour Research Foundation.Early life and educationHobson was born in Marshall, Indiana. He received bachelor's and master's degrees inelectrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electrical engineering from the California Institute of Technology. Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstanding engineer.Hobson married JessieEugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had five children.CareerAwards and membershipsHobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948.


Passage 1:Ismail HoxhaIsmail Hoxha is a member of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania for the Democratic Party of Albania.Passage 2:Ilir BanoIlir Bano is a member of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania forthe Democratic Party of Albania.Passage 3:Viktor GumiViktor Gumi is a member of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania for the Democratic Party of Albania.Passage 4:Paulin SterkajPaulin Sterkaj is a member of theAssembly of the Republic of Albania for the Democratic Party of Albania. Sterkaj moved to the Socialist Party of Albania.Passage 5:Fatos HoxhaFatos Hoxha is a member of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania for theDemocratic Party of Albania.Passage 6:Dashnor SulaDashnor Sula (14 March 1969) is a member of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania for the Democratic Party of Albania. He started his political career in 2005when he won the elections and became the deputy of Peqin city.Early life and familyDashnor Sula was born in Peqin, on 14 march 1969 to Riza Sula and Refije Sula. He was raised in Peqin and continued his studiesthere until he finished high school. Afterwards he moved to Tirana to continue his studies. He did his Bachelor studies in Law at the University of Tirana and his Master studies in Criminal Law. He has been married toElida Magani Sula since 1994 and they have two children, Paola Sula and Silvio Sula.Career1992-1993: Attorney at the prosecutor's office of Peqin1993-1996: Attorney at the prosecutor's office of Elbasan1996-1998:Attorney at the prosecutor's office of Tirana1998-1998: Attorney at the prosecutor's office of Gjirokaster1999-2000: Attorney at the general prosecutor's office; Supreme court.  2002-2005: Attorney at the generalprosecutor's office regarding organized crimes.2005-2013: Member of Albanian Parliament.2020-present: Member of Albanian Parliament.Other worksDashnor Sula has also taken the lawyer licence and he stillcontinues to practice his profession.Passage 7:Ylli LamaYlli Lama is a member of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania for the Democratic Party of Albania.Passage 8:Leka, Crown Prince of Albania (born 1982)Leka,Prince of Albania (Leka Anwar Zog Reza Baudouin Msiziwe Zogu, born 26 March 1982) is a claimant to the defunct throne of Albania and the head of the House of Zogu.At the time of his birth on 26 March 1982, theSouth African government, by order of Prime Minister P. W. Botha, declared his maternity ward extraterritorial land, to ensure that Leka was born on Albanian soil. Leka is the only child of Leka, Crown Prince of Albaniaand his wife Susan, Crown Princess of Albania. He is the only grandchild of King Zog I of the Albanians, succeeding as head of the royal house upon the death of his father in 2011. He has worked as an official at thecountry's interior and foreign ministries. He also served as a political advisor to the Albanian President from 2012 to 2013.In May 2010, Leka became engaged to Elia Zaharia, an Albanian actress and singer. Theymarried on 8 October 2016 in Tirana.Early lifeLeka is the son of the pretender to the defunct throne of Albania, Crown Prince Leka, and his Australian wife Crown Princess Susan.He was named in honour of Egyptianpresident Anwar El Sadat, his grandfather King Zog I, Emperor Mohammed Reza of Iran, and Baudouin I, King of the Belgians. Msiziwe is a Zulu term meaning 'the one who was assisted'. Leka is a member of the Houseof Zogu.Education and activitiesLeka's was educated in South Africa at St Peter's College, Johannesburg, and in the United Kingdom at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, where he was named Best Foreign Studentof the Academy, being congratulated by the Albanian Minister of Defence. He was also educated at the Skanderbeg Military Academy in Albania, at the Università per Stranieri in Perugia, where he studied the Italianlanguage, and in Kosovo, where he studied international relations.Leka resides in Tirana. He speaks Albanian, English, some Zulu, and Italian. He owns boxer dogs, and his interests include martial arts, volleyball, andswimming. He is fond of wildlife and has taken part in mountain climbing, abseiling, and target shooting.On 5 April 2004, Leka accepted the Mother Teresa Medal on behalf of his late grandmother, Queen Géraldine, forher humanitarian efforts.Leka is known to have worked with youth organizations, like MJAFT!, and supported a wide range of humanitarian efforts in Albania, but he maintains that he only supports self-help projects tostimulate Albanian and Kosovar economic growth, Gazeta Sot.Leka is known as a supporter of Kosovar independence from Serbia and has close ties to the Kosovar leadership in Pristina.Leka founded the youthleadership of the Movement for National Development, which was a movement created by his father in 2005 to change the political face of Albania.On 24 June 2010, Prince Leka unveiled a blue plaque at Parmoor Housein Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom, which was the home of King Zog during his wartime exile.Public serviceOn 21 August 2007, Foreign Minister Lulzim Basha announced that Leka had been appointed to his office.The prince intended to pursue a career in diplomacy. After three years he had been transferred to the office of the Minister of Interior. After the election of Bujar Nishani as president in 2012, Leka was appointed aspolitical adviser to the President.Leka was considered as a candidate in the 2022 Albanian presidential election, though the position ultimately went to Bajram Begaj.Personal lifeLeka met Elia Zaharia in Paris, and in May2010 they were engaged. Since then she has accompanied him on most of his visits and meetings with members of royal families. She is also head of the Queen Geraldine Foundation, which is a humanitarian, charitableand non-profit organisation, created by the Royal Court. The foundation aims to be close to the Albanian families who need help and to children who need care. It has reconstructed numerous schools and kindergartensin northern Albania, especially in the Mat District, from where the Zogu Family comes.On 27 March 2016 it was announced by Skënder Zogu (born 1933), a member of the Zogu family, that the couple would be marriedon 8 October 2016 in the Royal Palace in Tirana.WeddingLeka was married on Saturday 8 October 2016 in Tirana. The ceremony was a semi-official ceremony, held in Tirana in the Royal Palace, with many guestsincluding members of other noble and royal families. The event was a civil wedding officiated by the Mayor of Tirana, Erion Veliaj. A blessing was given by the five religious leaders of Albania representing the faiths ofSunni Islam, Bektashi, and the Christian traditions of Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant. This tradition of the Albanian royal family is part of the tradition of religious tolerance in Albania.Wedding guests included friendsand relatives from around the world including relatives of his mother from Australia. Guests also included members of other royal families from neighbouring countries and further afield. These included Queen Sofía ofSpain and Prince and Princess Michael of Kent. Prince Michael of Kent is a first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II and his wife Princess Michael of Kent is related to Prince Leka through her mother, Countess Marianne Szapáry,who was a 5th cousin of Queen Géraldine and had been a bridesmaid at her wedding to King Zog in 1938. Other royal guests included Empress Farah of Iran, Crown Prince Alexander and Crown Princess Katherine ofYugoslavia, Crown Princess Margareta of Romania, Custodian of the Crown and Prince Radu of Romania, Nicholas, Prince of Montenegro, Prince Guillaume of Luxembourg together with Princess Sibilla, Georg Friedrich,Prince of Prussia, Princess Léa of Belgium and other members from the royal families of Russia, Liechtenstein, Romania, Greece, Georgia, Morocco and members of other noble families. Heads of state of Albania alsoattended the ceremony.ChildrenElia gave birth to a daughter on 22 October 2020 at Queen Geraldine Maternity Hospital in Tirana, on the 18th anniversary of Leka's grandmother Queen Geraldine's death. Theirdaughter was named Geraldine in her honour. On 28 January 2023, on the day of her baptism, her full name is Geraldine Sibilla Francesca Susan Marie.Honours and awardsHonoursNational dynastic honoursHouse ofZogu: Sovereign Knight with Collar of the Royal Order of Albania House of Zogu: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Fidelity House of Zogu: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Skanderbeg AlbanianRoyal Family: Sovereign of the Military Order and Medal of BraveryForeign honoursItalian Royal Family: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus Two Sicilian Royal Family: Knight GrandCross of the Royal Order of Francis I Russian Imperial Family: Knight Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Saint Andrew Royal House of Ghassan: Knight Grand Collar of the Equestrian Order of Michael ArchangelSovereign Military Order of Malta : Grand Cross pro Merito Melitensi – civilian special class –AwardsAlbania – Honored Citizen of the City of Burrel (2012) Albania – Honored Citizen of the Commune of Bërdicë (2012)USA – Key to City of New Orleans (2011) USA – Honorary Mayor of the City of Baton RougeSee alsoHeads of former ruling familiesPassage 9:Susan of AlbaniaSusan, Crown Princess of Albania (née Susan BarbaraCullen-Ward, formerly Williams; 28 January 1941 – 17 July 2004) was the Australian-born wife of Leka, Crown Prince of Albania.Her husband, known as King Leka, had been proclaimed King of the Albanians by theanti-communist Albanian government-in-exile in 1961, upon the death of his father King Zog. Meanwhile, Albania itself was a communist republic.Early lifeSusan Cullen-Ward was born in the Sydney suburb of Waverley.Her mother was Phyllis Dorothea Murray-Prior and her father was Alan Robert Cullen-Ward, a pastoralist. Susan Cullen-Ward was a great-granddaughter of the Queensland politician Thomas Lodge Murray-Prior(1819–1892).Cullen-Ward grew up on her father's sheep station. She attended Presbyterian Ladies' College at Orange, then studied at Sydney Technical College before teaching art at a private studio.She was marriedto Richard Williams from 1965 to 1970. Susan Cullen-Ward was an Anglican.Marriage to the Crown Prince of AlbaniaSusan Cullen-Ward met Leka, Crown Prince of Albania, the only child of King Zog I of the Albanians, ata dinner party in Sydney. In October 1975, they married in a civil ceremony in Biarritz, France. The couple were later married in a religious ceremony in Madrid.Australian authorities refused to recognise her as a queenbut, in a compromise when Andrew Peacock was foreign minister, issued a passport in the name of "Susan Cullen-Ward, known as Queen Susan".She lived a turbulent life after marrying Leka, as they moved from onecountry to another, having no permanent residence or fixed point of reference. In the first few years of their marriage, the couple lived in Spain. They later settled in Rhodesia (now known as Zimbabwe). After a fallingout with the government of Robert Mugabe, the couple moved again, this time to South Africa where their son, Leka, was born in 1982. She also had a stillborn daughter while resident in Rhodesia.DeathThe CrownPrincess of Albania died of lung cancer on 17 July 2004 in Tirana, Albania. After her death, she lay in state in a chapel outside Tirana. She is buried next to her mother-in-law, Queen Geraldine, her husband, CrownPrince Leka, and his father, whose body was reburied in 2012.Sources"Queen Susan of the Albanians (obituary)". The Daily Telegraph. 21 July 2004. Retrieved 16 May 2008.The Age, 19 July 2004 – A royal dreamdiesObituary, The Scotsman"Leka's queen, if not Albania's", The Sydney Morning Herald, 24 July 2004"Would-be Queen Susan dies uncrowned", The Sydney Morning Herald, 19 July 2004"Burke's Royal Families of theWorld, Vol. I, Europe & Latin America", Burkes Publishing Co., 1977, ISBN 0-85011-029-7Histoire de l'Albanie et de sa maison royale (5 volumes), Patrice Najbor –  JePublie – Paris – 2008La dynastie des Zogu, PatriceNajbor –  Textes & Pretextes – Paris – 2002Monarkia Shqiptare 1928–1939, Qendra e Studimeve Albanologjike & Instituti i Historisë, Botimet Toana, Tirana, 2011Passage 10:Gjergji PapaGjergji Papa is a member of theAssembly of the Republic of Albania for the Democratic Party of Albania.


Passage 1:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986)(mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild,Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)Passage 2:Dana BlanksteinDana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of the Sam Spiegel Film andTelevision School. She was appointed by the board of directors  in November 2019.  Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television. She is a film director, and an Israeli cultureentrepreneur.BiographyDana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatre director Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein. She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv.Blankstein graduatedfrom the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with high honors. During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina's Tragedies and to Renen Schorr onhis film The Loners.  She also directed and shot 'the making of' film on Gavison's film Lost and Found. Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival, 2007.Film and academic careerAfter herstudies, Dana founded and directed the film and television department at the Kfar Saba municipality. The department encouraged and promoted productions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the establishedcultural projects, and educational community activities.Blankstein directed the mini-series "Tel Aviviot" (2012). From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television.In November 2019 DanaBlankstein Cohen was appointed the new director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees the Sam Spiegel International Film Lab. In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new SeriesLab and the film preparatory program for Arabic speakers in east Jerusalem.FilmographyTel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)Camping(debut film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)Passage 3:Rolan BykovRolan Antonovich Bykov (Russian: Ролан Антонович Быков; October 12, 1929 – October 6, 1998) was a Soviet and Russian stage andfilm actor, director, screenwriter and pedagogue. People's Artist of the USSR (1990).Early lifeRolan Bykov was born to Anton Mikhailovich Bykov and Olga Matveyevna Bykova (née Sitnyakovskaya), the youngest of twobrothers. There are many myths surrounding his biography, including the names of Rolan and his parents, date and place of birth. Different directories showed that he was born in Moscow, yet Bykov and his brotherGeronim stated that their family moved to Moscow from Kyiv in 1934. Throughout his life Rolan Antonovich Bykov was officially known as Roland Anatolyevich Bykov and his date of birth — as November 12 which,according to him, was caused by a mistake in his passport. He named various reasons for this: from a drunken militsioner at the passport office to his own aunt who confused names and dates while arranging hisdocuments. As for the unusual name, Rolan explained that he was named after Romain Rolland (according to the Russian pronunciation) by his parents who confused Romain's surname for his name.Bykov's father wasa military and intelligence officer of mixed Polish-Czech ancestry originally named Semyon Geronimovich Gordanovsky. He started his career by participating in World War I and making a successful escape after beingtaken captive by Austria-Hungary. During the Russian Civil War he fought as part of the 1st Cavalry Army led by Semyon Budyonny. Between 1924 and 1926 he worked in Cheka and regularly visited Germany underdifferent passports. His last code name was Anton Mikhailovich Bykov which he adopted as a real name. He was later promoted to a high-ranking position in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and served as amanaging director at various enterprises.Bykov's mother also changed her name from Ella Matusovna to Olga Matveevna at one point. While Bykov regularly referred to her and her relatives as «Ukrainians», she was infact a daughter of a prosperous Jewish NEPman. She wanted to become an actress and finished two courses of a theater institute, but was expelled for truancy.Between 1937 and 1947 Bykov studied in Moscow schools.In 1939 he joined a youth theatrical studio organized by a Pioneers Palace where he met Alexander Mitta, Boris Rytsarev and Igor Kvasha. During the Battle of Moscow his family was evacuated to Yoshkar-Ola for threeyears, although his father chose to stay and volunteered for the front line. In 1947 he entered the Boris Shchukin Higher Theater College to study acting under Vera Lvova and Leonid Shikhmatov.CareerIn 1951 Bykovgraduated and immediately joined the Moscow Youth Theater where he served as an actor and a stage director until 1959. Simultaneously he also appeared in several movies in episodic roles, worked as an actor at theMoscow Drama Theater (1951—1952), as the head of the theater studio at the Bauman Palace of Culture (1951—1953), as a stringer for various children's programmes at the Soviet Central Television and as an editoron radio (1953—1959). He made his acting debut in the film School of Courage. In 1957 he organized a Student's Theater at the Moscow State University where he served as the main director up until 1959. Iya Savvinawas among actors he discovered in the process.Between 1959 and 1960 Bykov headed the Lenin Komsomol Theatre in Leningrad, but left it for cinema. In 1959 he played the main part of Akaki Akakiyevich in TheOvercoat, an adaptation of Nikolai Gogol's story directed by Aleksey Batalov. Soon after he joined Mosfilm where he spent the rest 40 years working as an actor and a film director. He played over 100 roles and becamehighly popular as a comedy actor with such roles as Chebakov from Balzaminov's Marriage (1964), Barmalei from Aybolit-66 and Skomorokh from Andrei Rublev (both 1966), Ivan Karyakin from Two Comrades WereServing (1968), Petrykin from Big School-Break (1973), Cat Bazilio from The Adventures of Buratino (1975), Father Fyodor from The Twelve Chairs (1976) and others.As a film director he became known for hisexperimental children's and family movies. Among his most famous works are Seven Nannies (1962), Aybolit-66 (1966), Attention, a Turtle! (1970) and Scarecrow (1983). His films are generally associated withpostmodernism, presented as a mix of different styles, genres and techniques, with theatrical musical numbers, arthouse editing, fourth wall breaking and so on. An unexpectedly grim Scarecrow released in 1984became especially controversial and led to a lot of public criticism; some insisted it should be banned. Bykov survived a heart attack in the process. Yet in 1986 with the start of perestroika he was awarded the USSRState Prize for his movie.Apart from his movie career Bykov also worked as an educator at High Courses for Scriptwriters and Film Directors. Between 1986 and 1990 he served as a secretary of the Union ofCinematography of the USSR. He was also a member of the Nika Award organization.In 1989 Bykov headed the Younost studio at Mosfilm dedicated to children's cinema. Between 1989 and 1992 he also headed theAll-Soviet Center of Cinema and TV for Children and Youth. In 1992 he created and headed the Rolan Bykov's Fund (also known as International Fund for Development of Cinema for Children and Youth). According tohis 1994 interview to Vladislav Listyev, they had produced 64 movies by that time and received various awards internationally, yet none of them were shown at Russian movie theaters since new management saw themas nonprofitable.Since 1989 Bykov had been involved in the political life of Russia. Between 1989 and 1991 he served as a member of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union. He also headed aNonpartisan Socio-Political Movement 95 that expressed support to culture, science, education and ecology. During the 1995 Parliamentary elections he headed a liberal pro-government Common Cause party along withIrina Khakamada and Vladimir Dzhanibekov. He also served as a president of the Help bank at one point.In 1996 Bykov was diagnosed with lung cancer and survived a surgery. He died two years later from thrombosis.He was buried at Novodevichy Cemetery.Personal lifeFirst wife — an actress Lydia Nikolayevna Knyazeva (1925—1987). They met at the Moscow Youth Theater and spent 15 years together. They also adopted a boyfrom an orphanage and raised him under the name of Oleg Rolanovich Bykov (1958—2002). He appeared in Scarecrow in minor role and produced several movies, but left the industry shortly after.Second wife — anactress Elena Sanayeva, daughter of the acclaimed Soviet actor Vsevolod Sanayev. Bykov adopted her son from the first marriage Pavel Sanayev (born 1969) who became a popular Russian film director and writer. Hispart-autobiographical novel Bury Me Behind the Baseboard published in 1994 became a national bestseller. Bykov is featured in it under a name of Tolik. The book was adapted as a 2009 drama film Bury Me Behind theBaseboard, although the Sanayev family were displeased with it.Bykov also wrote poetry since childhood and published a book of poems in 1994 entitled Poems by Rolan Bykov that was re-released several times. In2010 his widow Elena Sanayeva published a book of Bykov's diaries (from 1945 to 1996) that contained a lot of personal thoughts along with his wife's commentaries.In later years Bykov expressed a lot of concernregarding the movie industry and newer times in general. In his interview to Vladislav Listyev he stated that modern cinema was solely built around money, or the golden calf as he called it, with no place for art. «Backin 1984 I survived a heart attack following the release of Scarecrow; these days I survived a stroke during the production of a 10-minute short under Belgian producers». In his interviews to Leonid Filatov hecharacterized modern times as «corrupted», «a collapse of culture and morals», and modern cinema — as «a cigarette butt's art». In his diaries he continued those themes, predicting a Third World War, anenvironmental disaster and a general «schizophreniation» of the world population. The only exit he saw was a cultural and spiritual renaissance.Selected filmographyActorDirectorAwards and honorsMedal "For LabourValour" (1967)Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (1970)Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1973)USSR State Prize (1986) – for film ScarecrowPeople's Artist ofthe RSFSR (1987)Vasilyev Brothers State Prize of the RSFSR (1987) – for his role as Professor Larsen in film Dead Man's LettersNika Award for Best Actor (1988) – for film CommissarPeople's Artist of the USSR(1990)Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 4th class (11 November 1994)Passage 4:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has workedin Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director of the ToledoMuseum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently livesand works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019, hesucceeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career in IrelandKennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985)and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history.He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Irelandat the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery ofIreland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003. In September 1997 he becameDirector of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery of Australia (NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian artabroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, hediscontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions.During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant privatedonations and corporate sponsorship. However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was notdelivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later.  Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999,and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editionedprints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive. He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace,which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above).Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seenby some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor.However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi andattracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn. Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous. The then-mayor ofNew York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion." In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition andstated that the events in New York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art". He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far."Kennedy was also repeatedlyquestioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA'stwenty-year-old air-conditioning system. The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003. Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term ashad his two predecessors.He became a joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003.Toledo Museum of ArtThe Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings and sculpture,glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke. The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the field of art education.  During his tenure, Kennedy has focused themuseum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read, understand and write visual language."   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff,docents, volunteers and the launch of a website, www.vislit.org. In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so. Kennedy has been afrequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy.Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenouspeoples. Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy and Mary Sibande have been acquired.  In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and LucaGiordano.During his tenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold to the museum.  In2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015.HoodMuseum of ArtKennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July 2005. During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publicationsto bring greater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions. At 70,000 objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections onany American college of university campus. The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body, toured several US venues. Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art,with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually. Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of StoneSteles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons.PublicationsKennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:AlfredChester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics, Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990),ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), NationalGallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers(November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art(October 2010), ISBN 978-0-944722-39-8Honors and achievementsKennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art. He is a trustee and treasurer of theAssociation of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the International Association of Art Critics. In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at theUniversity of Toledo and received an honorary doctorate from Lourdes University. Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for arteducation.== Notes ==Passage 5:Jesse E. HobsonJesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director of SRI International from 1947 to 1955. Prior to SRI, he was the director of the ArmourResearch Foundation.Early life and educationHobson was born in Marshall, Indiana. He received bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electrical engineering fromthe California Institute of Technology. Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstanding engineer.Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had five children.CareerAwards and


Passage 1:Mickey's Tent ShowMickey's Tent Show is a 1933 short film in Larry Darmour's Mickey McGuire series starring a young Mickey Rooney. Directed by Jesse Duffy, the two-reel short was released to theaters onOctober 27, 1933 by Post Pictures Corp.SynopsisMickey and the Gang decide to put on a circus show for the neighborhood kids. As usual, Stinkie Davis and his pals try whatever they can to make their rivals miserable.Throughout the show, whenever Mickey and his friends try to perform an act, Stinkie interrupts them by playing his father's new radio.CastIn order by credits:Mickey Rooney - "Mickey McGuire"Douglas Scott - "Stinkey"DavisMarvin Stephens - "Katrink"Jimmie Robinson - "Hambone" JohnsonBilly Barty - Billy McGuire ("Mickey's Little Brother")Shirley Jeane Rickert - "Tomboy Taylor"External linksMickey's Tent Show at IMDbPassage2:Kadamba (1983 film)Kadamba is a 1983 film, directed by P. N. Menon and produced by P. V. George. The film stars Prakash, Jayanthi, Sathaar and Achankunju in the lead roles. The film has musical score by K.Raghavan.PlotJanu is brought up by her father after the sudden death of her mother. Problems start brewing in her life when her father searches for a perfect groom, unaware that she is in love with someoneelse.CastJayanthi as JanuPrakashAchankunju as Velu, janu's fatherBalan K. Nair as KeshavanSathaar as KunjiramanBhaskara KuruppuSoundtrackThe music was composed by K. Raghavan and the lyrics were written byBichu Thirumala and Thikkodiyan.Passage 3:Thulasi (1987 film)Thulasi is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by Ameerjan. The film stars Murali and Seetha. It was released on 27 November1987.PlotThirunavukarasu is considered as a God by his villagers. Nevertheless, his son Sammadham is an atheist and he doesn't believe in his father's power. Sammadham and Ponni, a low caste girl, fall in love witheach other. Sammadham's best friend Siva, a low caste boy, passes the Master of Arts degree successfully. Thirunavukarasu's daughter Thulasi then develops a soft corner for Siva.Thirunavukarasu cannot accept for hisson Sammadham's marriage with Ponni due to caste difference. Sammadham then challenges him to marry her. Thirunavukarasu appoints henchmen to kill her and Ponni is found dead the next day in the water. In themeantime, Siva also falls in love with Thulasi. The rest of the story is what happens to Siva and Thulasi.CastMurali as Sivalingam "Siva"Seetha as ThulasiChandrasekhar as SammadhamMajor Sundarrajan asThirunavukarasuSenthilCharle as KhanThara as PonniMohanapriya as SarasuVathiyar RamanA. K. Veerasamy as KaliyappanSoundtrackThe music was composed by Sampath Selvam, with lyrics written byVairamuthu.ReceptionThe Indian Express gave a negative review calling it "thwarted love".Passage 4:Le Masque de la MéduseLe masque de la Méduse (English: The Mask of Medusa) is a 2009 fantasy horror filmdirected by Jean Rollin. The film is a modern-day telling of the Greek mythological tale of the Gorgon and was inspired by the 1964 classic Hammer Horror film of the same name and the 1981 cult classic Clash of theTitans. It was Rollin's final film, as the director died in 2010.CastSimone Rollin as la MéduseSabine Lenoël as EuryaleMarlène Delcambre as SthénoJuliette Moreau as JulietteDelphine Montoban as CorneliusJean-PierreBouyxou as le gardienBernard Charnacé as le collectionneurAgnès Pierron as la colleuse d'affiche au Grand-GuignolGabrielle Rollin as la petite contrebassisteJean Rollin as l'homme qui enterre la têteThomas Smith asThomasProductionIt was thought that Rollin's 2007 film La nuit des horloges was the final film of his career, as he had mentioned in the past. However, in 2009, Rollin began preparation foe Le masque de la Méduse.Rollin originally directed the film as a one-hour short, which was screened at the Cinémathèque de Toulouse, but after the release, Rollin decided to add 20 minutes of additional scenes and then cut the film into twodistinct parts, as he did with his first feature, Le Viol du Vampire.  The film was shot on location at the Golden Gate Aquarium and Père Lachaise Cemetery, as well as on stage at the Theatre du Grande Guignol, which iswhere the longest part of the film takes place. It was shot on HD video on a low budget of €150,000. Before the release, it was transferred to 35mm film.ReleaseThe film was not released theatrically, although itpremiered on 19 November 2009 at the 11th edition of the Extreme Cinema Film Festival at the Cinémathèque de Toulouse. As part of "An Evening with Jean Rollin", it was shown as a double feature with Rollin's 2007film La nuit des horloges.Home mediaNo official DVD was released, although for a limited time, a DVD of La masque de la Méduse was included with the first 150 copies of Rollin's book Jean Rollin: Écrits completsVolume 1.Passage 5:P. N. Menon (director)Palissery Narayanankutty Menon alias P. N. Menon (2 January 1926 – 9 September 2008) was an Indian film director and art director in the Malayalam cinema. He is alsofamous as the Designer of Promotional Posters. Menon was also the uncle of another popular film director Bharathan, being the younger brother of the latter's father. In 2001, he was honoured with the J. C. DanielAward, Kerala government's highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema.Early lifeBorn in Wadakkancherry, he completed his studies at Thrissur and from School of Art in Chennai. He came to Chennai whenhe was only 20 years old. He couldn't find any job in Chennai, so travelled to Salem and become a production boy in a Studio. But, after two-and-a-half years, the studio was shut down and went back to Chennai. Hegot back to sketches, then painting, then doing magazine covers. One of his designing assignments was for one of Producer B. Nagi Reddy's magazines. The production house was so impressed with his talent that whenthey bought Vahini Studio in 1951, Nagi Reddy's son appointed him as a paid apprentice in the painting department.He got a job as an art director in an English play produced by the daughter of the then Andhra ChiefMinister. They had three performances in Delhi, one for the then Vice President Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, another for then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and the third for then Army Chief Field Marshal K. M.Cariappa. Ninamaninja Kalpadukal was his first movie Malayalam movie as the art director and his debut in the field of film direction in the 60s with the film Rosie (1965).CareerMenon's Olavum Theeravum based on M.T. Vasudevan Nair's script and released in 1970. It won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Film. Menon's boldest film is Kuttiyedathi (Eldest Sister), again based on a short story by M. T. Vasudevan Nair.Perhaps hismost successful commercial film was Chembarathi (Hibiscus) which was based on a script by Malayattoor Ramakrishnan and starred newcomers like Raghavan, Sudhir and Roja Ramani (Sobhana) along with veteranactors like Madhu and Rani Chandra. Another script of Malayattoor Ramakrishnan named Gayathri which was directed by him was awarded the President's Special Film Award Medal for National Integration. Menon's filmMalamukalile Daivam, has won National Award too.After a long period of absence lasting more than a decade, he directed a film, Nerkkuneraey ("Face to Face"), in (2004).Poster DesignerMenon made a name as aversatile Poster Designer as well. He artistic posters always helped the film to gain attention of cinegoers. He has also done posters even for Bollywood films like Anokha Rishta starring Rajesh Khanna. Some of theMalayalam films he had designed posters are Oomakkuyil, Kakkothikkavile Appooppan Thaadikal, Itha Innu Muthal, Poomadhathe Pennu, Aavanazhi, Amrutham Gamaya and Manivathoorile AayiramSivarathrikal.Personal lifeHis wife's name was Bharathi Menon and they had two daughters, named Rajasree and Jayasree. Popular film director Bharathan was his nephew, and was trained by him in direction.Bharathan predeceased his uncle.DeathDuring his last years, Menon lived with his daughter in Kochi. He suffered from many serious illnesses like Alzheimer's disease during this period. Finally, he died on 9 September2008 aged 82, at a private hospital in Kochi. He was cremated with full state honours at Ravipuram Crematorium the next day.AwardsKerala State Film Awards1970 – Best Film: Olavum Theeravum1972 – Second BestFilm: Chembarathi1973 – Second Best Film: Gayathri1983 – Special Jury Award: Malamukalile Daivam2001 – J. C. Daniel AwardNational Film Awards1973 – Best Feature Film in Malayalam: Gayathri1983 – Best FeatureFilm in Malayalam: Malamukalile DaivamFilmographyPassage 6:Mike FieldsMaurice John Bernard Fields (12 August 1935 – 27 May 2014), known as Mike or Mickey Fields, was an English footballer who played in theFootball League for Chester.Playing careerA forward, Fields was offered a trial at Nottingham Forest as a youngster but accepted an offer from his hometown club of Chester to begin playing for their junior side.Fieldsbroke into Chester's first–team late in 1955–56, with his first and only league goal following against Chesterfield in September 1956. A year later he helped create history by scoring Chester's winner against Burnley inthe final of the Lancashire Senior Cup as they became the first club from outside Lancashire to win the competition.Fields soon began to suffer cartilage problems, leading to his release by the club in May 1959 as hejoined Borough United.Fields remained a part-timer throughout his career at Chester, working for Shell where he continued to be employed after his playing days ended.Passage 7:Happy WeHappy We (Swedish: Tvåkillar och en tjej) is a Swedish 1983 film directed by Lasse Hallström.CastBrasse Brännström -  Thomas BengtssonMagnus Härenstam - Klasse WallinPia Green - Anna WallinLars Amble - Fredrik WahlgrenGösta Engström- Gammal studiekamratEwa Fröling - DoctorSvea Holst - Gammal patientExternal linksHappy We at IMDbPassage 8:Jesse DuffyJesse Duffy (March 24, 1894 – December 14, 1952), sometimes billed as J. A. Duffy, wasan American serial screenwriter for Republic Pictures and Columbia Pictures during the 1940s. He also directed some of the "Mickey McGuire" series starring Mickey Rooney released by Post Pictures Corporation, andlater distributed by Columbia.External linksJesse Duffy at IMDbPassage 9:QuerelleQuerelle is a 1982 West German-French English-language arthouse film directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder and starring Brad Davis,adapted from French author Jean Genet's 1947 novel Querelle of Brest. It was Fassbinder's last film, released shortly after his death at the age of 37.PlotThe plot centers on the handsome Belgian sailor GeorgesQuerelle, who is also a thief and murderer. When his ship, Le Vengeur, arrives in Brest, he visits the Feria, a bar and brothel for sailors run by the Madame Lysiane, whose lover, Robert, is Querelle's brother. Querellehas a love/hate relationship with his brother: when they meet at La Feria, they embrace, but also punch one another slowly and repeatedly in the belly. Lysiane's husband Nono works behind the bar and also managesLa Feria's underhanded affairs with the assistance of his friend, the corrupt police captain Mario.Querelle makes a deal to sell opium to Nono. During the execution of the deal, he murders his accomplice Vic by slittinghis throat.  After delivering the drugs, Querelle announces that he wants to sleep with Lysiane.  He knows that this means he will have to throw dice with Nono, who has the privilege of playing a game of chance with allof her prospective lovers. If Nono loses, the suitor is allowed to proceed with his affair. If the suitor loses, however, he must submit to anal sex with Nono first, according to Nono's maxim that "That way, I can say mywife only sleeps with arseholes." Querelle deliberately loses the game, allowing himself to be sodomized by Nono. When Nono gloats about Querelle's "loss" to Robert, who won his dice game, the brothers end up in aviolent fight.  Later, Querelle becomes Lysiane's lover, and also has sex with Mario.Luckily for Querelle, a builder, Gil, murders his work mate Theo, who had been harassing and sexually assaulting him.  Gil hides fromthe police in an abandoned prison, and Roger, who is in love with Gil, establishes contact between Querelle and Gil in the hopes that Querelle can help Gil flee. Querelle falls in love with Gil, who closely resembles hisbrother.  Gil returns his affections, but Querelle betrays Gil by tipping off the police. Querelle cleverly arranged it so that the murder of Vic is also blamed on Gil.Querelle's superior, Lieutenant Seblon, is in love withQuerelle, and constantly tries to prove his manliness to him. Seblon is aware that Querelle murdered Vic, but chooses to protect him.  Later, Seblon reveals his love and concern to a drunken Querelle, and they kiss andembrace before returning to Le Vengeur.CastBrad Davis as QuerelleFranco Nero as Lieutenant SeblonJeanne Moreau as LysianeLaurent Malet as Roger BatailleHanno Pöschl as Robert / GilGünther Kaufmann asNonoBurkhard Driest as MarioRoger Fritz as MarcellinDieter Schidor as Vic RivetteNatja Brunckhorst as PauletteWerner Asam as WorkerAxel Bauer as WorkerNeil Bell as TheoRobert van Ackeren as DrunkenlegionnaireWolf Gremm as Drunken legionnaireFrank Ripploh as Drunken legionnaireProductionAccording to Genet's biographer Edmund White, Querelle was originally going to be made by Werner Schroeter, with ascenario by Burkhard Driest, and produced by Dieter Schidor. However, Schidor could not find the money to finance a film by Schroeter, and therefore turned to other directors, including John Schlesinger and SamPeckinpah, before finally settling on Fassbinder. Driest wrote a radically different script for Fassbinder, who then "took the linear narrative and jumbled it up". White quotes Schidor as saying "Fassbinder did somethingtotally different, he took the words of Genet and tried to meditate on something other than the story. The story became totally unimportant for him. He also said publicly that the story was a sort of third-rate policestory that wouldn't be worth making a movie about without putting a particular moral impact into it".Schroeter had wanted to make a black and white film with amateur actors and location shots, but Fassbinder insteadshot it with professional actors in a lurid, expressionist color, and on sets in the studio. Edmund White comments that the result is a film in which, "Everything is bathed in an artificial light and the architectural elementsare all symbolic."SoundtrackJeanne Moreau – "Each Man Kills the Things He Loves" (music by Peer Raben, lyrics from Oscar Wilde's poem "The Ballad of Reading Gaol")"Young and Joyful Bandit" (Music by Peer Raben,lyrics by Jeanne Moreau)Both songs were nominated to the 1984 Razzie Awards for "Worst Original Song".ReleaseQuerelle sold more than 100,000 tickets in the first three weeks after its release in Paris, the first timethat a film with a gay theme had achieved such success. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, which categorizes reviews as positive or negative only, the film has an approval rating of 57% calculated based on 14critics comments. By comparison, with the same opinions being calculated using a weighted arithmetic mean, the rating is 6.10/10. Writing for The New York Times critic Vincent Canby noted that Querelle was "amess...a detour that leads to a dead end."Penny Ashbrook calls Querelle Fassbinder's "perfect epitaph: an intensely personal statement that is the most uncompromising portrayal of gay male sensibility to come from amajor filmmaker." Edmund White considers Querelle the only film based on Genet's book that works, calling it "visually as artificial and menacing as Genet's prose." Genet, in discussion with Schidor, said that he hadnot seen the film, commenting "You can't smoke at the movies."Passage 10:Ironmaster (film)Ironmaster (Italian: La guerra del ferro: Ironmaster) is a 1983 film directed by Umberto Lenzi.ProductionIronmaster wasfilmed on location at Custer State Park in South Dakota with interiors shot at RPA-Elios Studios in Rome.ReleaseIronmaster was released in Italy on 10 March 1983. The film was released on Blu-ray on 23 January 2017in North America by Code Red and on 10 April 2017 in the United Kingdom by 88 Films.ReceptionAccording to Michael Klossner, author of Prehistoric Humans in Film and Television, while Ironmaster received "few andvery bad notices [and is] simple, only modestly ambitious and has its share of flaws … it's hard not to like a film which shows intelligent, articulate prehistoric people making discoveries, facing moral issues and showingcapacity for great evil and finally for good." Hal Erickson wrote in AllMovie that "Seldom has there been a more predictable 98 minutes' worth of Sword and Sorcery, but that doesn't mean it isn't enjoyable."