Passage 1:A Place in the Sun (film)A Place in the Sun may refer to:A place in the sun, a phrase used to refer to the German Empire's foreign policy (Weltpolitik) and colonial empireFilm and televisionA Place in the Sun(1916 film), a British silent filmA Place in the Sun (1951 film), an American dramatic filmA Place in the Sun (British TV series) (2000–present), a British Channel 4 lifestyle programme about buying property abroadAPlace in the Sun (2012 film), a Swedish film based on the Liza Marklund novelA Place in the Sun (South Korean TV series), a 2019 South Korean television seriesMusicA Place in the Sun (Lit album), 1999A Place in theSun (Pablo Cruise album), 1977A Place in the Sun (Tim McGraw album), 1999"A Place in the Sun" (Stevie Wonder song), 1966"A Place in the Sun" (Pablo Cruise song), 1977"A Place in the Sun", a 1983 song by theMarine Girls, from their Lazy Ways albumSee alsoEn plats i solen (disambiguation)"A Place Under the Sun", a 1999 single by Miho NakayamaUm Lugar ao Sol, a 2021 Brazilian telenovelaUn Lugar al sol, a 1965Argentine filmUn posto al sole, a 1996 Italian soap operaPassage 2:Christian-Peter FrieseChristian-Peter Friese (August 5, 1948, Munich - December 25, 1970, East Berlin) was one of the victims at the Berlin Wall.Members of the Border Troops of the German Democratic Republic shot him while trying to escape from East Germany.BiographyHe was his mother's only child, and grew up with her in Naumburg. His father isunknown. After school, he trained as a car mechanic. In Naumburg he took a job at the Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany).DeathOn the evening of December 24, 1970, he left  his home and his mother withoutsaying goodbye or leaving a message. He went to East Berlin by train. Once there he went to the allotment Vogelsang II in Treptow which was right on the border. He watched the border and climbed around midnighton the interior fence. He triggered alarm by touching the subsequent signal fence. A total of five border guards opened fire on Christian-Peter Friese, who took cover in the vehicle barrier ditch. Shortly afterwards Friesebegan again to run in the direction of the last border fence. He was hit several times in the legs and upper body. He succumbed to his injuries in the death strip. In the crime scene sketch of the files of the Stasi wererecorded a total of 98 shots on Christian-Peter Friese.AftermathA senate speaker and the American City Commandant expressed their protest over the incident. The West-Berlin police initiated an investigation.Themother of the deceased was informed on January 7, 1971, by members of the Stasi about the death. The legend was that Christian-Peter Friese was traveling by car into a tree. The body had been cremated. The urnwas transferred one month later to Naumburg and buried there in the municipal cemetery, under the supervision of the Stasi.After the German reunification, the mother said to Naumburg police that her son revealed hisintention of fleeing. In a Mauerschützenprozess (process against guards of the wall who had shot) the border guards involved were acquitted because intent to kill could not be established, and because the court couldnot determine which of the defendants was responsible for the actual killing.See alsoList of deaths at the Berlin WallBerlin Crisis of 1961Passage 3:Chris GueffroyChris Gueffroy (21 June 1968 – 6 February 1989) wasthe last person to be shot and the second-last to die in an escape attempt while trying to escape from East Berlin to West Berlin across the Berlin Wall.BiographyChris Gueffroy was born in Pasewalk, BezirkNeubrandenburg (present-day Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) on 21 June 1968. He had an older brother, Stefan Gueffroy.He moved to Schwedt in 1970, the same year that his mother, Karin Gueffroy, and his father, AlloisGueffroy, divorced. Three years later, when he was five years old, he moved to Berlin with his mother and his brother. When he was in the third grade, he was sent to the youth sports school SC Dynamo Berlin, basedon his gymnastic talent. After he finished school he refused to pursue an officer’s career track in the National People’s Army and was consequently denied the right to study at university, ending his dream of becomingan actor or a pilot. In September 1985 he began an apprenticeship in the Schönefeld airport restaurant near Berlin after which he worked in a number of different restaurants. As a waiter, his income was better thanaverage, and he had a strong degree of freedom, but he was disgusted by the widespread corruption in the restaurant business. His friend Christian Gaudian, whom he had met at gastronomy school, shared hisfeelings. At twenty, he found it increasingly unbearable to think that he would remain locked up with the knowledge that it would always be this way and that he would never have the freedom to decide for himselfwhere he wanted to live. In mid-January 1989, upon learning that he was to be conscripted into the East German army the following May, he and Gaudian decided to leave East Germany.DeathGueffroy and Gaudianbased their decision to try to flee over the wall on mistaken beliefs that the Schießbefehl, the standing order to shoot anyone who attempted to cross the wall, had been lifted (it had not), and that the Swedish primeminister Ingvar Carlsson was to pay a state visit to East Berlin (he had already left when they attempted their escape). Their attempted escape from East Berlin to West Berlin, along the Britz district canal would takeplace on the night of 5–6 February 1989, about two kilometres (1¼ miles) from what would be Gueffroy's last residence on Südostallee 218, Johannisthal, Treptow, East Berlin. Climbing the last metal lattice fence, thetwo were discovered and came under fire from the NVA border troops. Gueffroy was hit in the chest by two shots and died in the border strip. Gaudian, badly but not fatally injured, was arrested and was sentenced on24 May 1989 to imprisonment of three years by the Pankow district court for attempted illegal border-crossing of the first degree ("versuchten ungesetzlichen Grenzübertritts im schweren Fall"). In September 1989Gaudian was freed on bail by the East German government, and on 17 October 1989 he was transferred to West Berlin.Chris Gueffroy is often erroneously named as the last person to die in the attempt to cross thewall, but he was in fact only the last to be killed through the use of weapons, and the second-last to die in an escape attempt. Winfried Freudenberg died in the crash of an improvised balloon aircraft by which hecrossed the border into West Berlin on 8 March 1989.AftermathAs compensation for her loss, the East German government allowed Karin Gueffroy to emigrate to West Berlin and visit Chris's grave in Baumschulenwegweekly, with the condition that she did not speak to western media about the incident. She would take residence in the West Berlin district of Moabit, on Oldenburger Straße 36.The four border guards involved at thetime at first obtained an award (Leistungsabzeichen der Grenztruppen) from the chief of the Grenzkommandos Mitte border guards, Erich Wöllner, and a prize of 150 East German Marks each. However, after thereunification of East and West Germany, they were prosecuted by the Berlin regional court. Two of the former border guards, Mike Schmidt (now a millwright with two children), and Peter Schmett (now an electricianwith three children), were acquitted and released in January 1992, because the presiding judge, Theodor Seidel, ruled that they "did not kill and did not intend to kill". A third former border guard, Andreas Kuehnpast(now unemployed), received a suspended sentence of two years. The fourth former border guard, Ingo Heinrich (now an electronic engineer), who was responsible for the mortal shot in the heart, was at first sentencedto three and a half years of jail. On appeal, the Bundesgerichtshof (High Court of Justice) in 1994 reduced the penalty to a suspended sentence of two years.In 2000, two SED functionaries, Siegfried Lorenz andHans-Joachim Böhme, were tried for the death of Gueffroy and two other young men, but acquitted as the judge could find no evidence that they might have been able to lift the shoot-to-kill order. The case was retriedon 7 August 2004, and the two men were found guilty and given suspended sentences of 15 months each. The judge explained that the short sentences were due to the length of time since the events. This was the lastcase concerning deaths on the inner German border.On 21 June 2003, which would have been his 35th birthday, a monument to Gueffroy was erected on the bank of the Britz district canal. The monument was designedby Berlin artist Karl Biedermann. One of the crosses at the White Crosses memorial site next to the Reichstag building is devoted to him.On 13 August 2010 the Britzer Allee between Treptow and Neukölln was renamedChris-Gueffroy-Allee.See alsoSven HüberList of deaths at the Berlin WallBerlin Crisis of 1961Passage 4:Escape from East BerlinEscape from East Berlin is a 1962 American-West German thriller film directed by RobertSiodmak and starring Don Murray, Christine Kaufmann and Werner Klemperer.It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Dieter Bartels and Ted Haworth.PlotThestory takes place in East Berlin soon after the Berlin Wall is built, and is based on an actual escape on January 24, 1962. Kurt Schröder is a chauffeur to East German Major Eckhardt and his seductive wife Heidi, withwhom he is having an affair. One night he sees a friend, Günther Jurgens, who works at the garage where Kurt has the Major's car maintained, drive his tow-truck through a gate and get killed trying to escape to thewest. Günther's sister, Erika, comes looking for Günther when he doesn't return, and is told that Kurt saw him last night. She then goes to Kurt's house, where he lives with his mother, Uncle Albrecht (a musician),sister Ingeborg and kid brother Helmut within sight of the wall. Erika is intent on escaping to West Berlin, thinking that her brother made it. Kurt, reasonably satisfied with his life, has no intention of risking his life toattempt an escape. Erika then attempts to escape over the wall but Kurt catches her as she tries to crawl under the barbed wire, and they pretend to be lovers to hide her intentions from suspicious guards. Kurt thenhides her in his house. A piece of Erika's clothing is caught in the barbed wire, and the guards track her to the Schröder's house. She hides in a room without a floor, and narrowly escapes the guards after they concludethat she could not be in the room.The Schröders and their neighbors, including a woman named Marga who has a baby and whose husband has already escaped to the west, want to escape East Germany. Kurt comesup with the idea of building a tunnel under the wall, through which they can escape to West Berlin. Although he will mastermind the plan, Kurt has no intention of going with them. They drill through the basement wallusing Uncle Albrecht's band as a noise cover when the actual drilling takes place. One member of the family keeps watch while the others work on the tunnel itself. After they start digging the tunnel, they are joined byWalter Brunner, who had his own plan to dig a tunnel. All the while, Kurt is falling in love with Erika, and he eventually summons the courage to tell her that her brother is dead. Because of this burgeoning love, Kurt haschanged his mind and will escape with the rest of his family and Erika. On January 27, 1962, the tunnel is completed when just before dawn Kurt reaches the other side, and the breakout is planned for the followingnight.However, Marga tells Erika's parents the news of their daughter, and Erika's father, a professor who favors the Communist regime, betrays the escape plan to Major Eckhardt. Kurt is waiting to drive the Eckhardt'sand learns from Heidi that the authorities are after him and he takes the car and hurries home ahead of the East German troops. When he arrives home, Kurt learns that his family have invited Uncle Albrecht's bandmembers to join the escape, bringing the number of escapees to 28. Kurt tells them of the betrayal, and that they must make their escape immediately. As the police besiege their house, the Schröders, their friends andErika make their escape, with Kurt bringing up the rear. He is wounded when a soldier fires at him as he goes through the tunnel collapsing it behind him. Erika comes back to find and help him. Together they maketheir way to the exit, where the others have already emerged to live in freedom.CastDon Murray as Kurt SchröderChristine Kaufmann as Erika JurgensWerner Klemperer as Walter BrunnerIngrid van Bergen as IngeborgSchröderCarl Schell as Major EckhartEdith Schultze-Westrum as Mother SchröderBruno Fritz as Uncle AlbrechtMaria Tober as MargaHorst Janson as Günther JurgensKai Fischer as Heidi EckhartKurt Waitzmann as Prof.Thomas JurgensHelma Seitz as Frau JurgensRonald Dehne as Helmut SchröderProductionSince the building of the Berlin Wall in 1961 stories of escapes from the East, both failed and successful, had filled the news inthe West and led to competition between US networks to record a tunnel escape. MGM decided to take advantage of the public interest with a feature film inspired by real events. This included building a 300 yard longplaster replica of the wall in West Berlin that became a tourist attraction and attracted the attention of East German guards. The movie crew filmed sentries flashing spotlights across the border, turning them into filmextras and prompting director Robert Siodmak to rave “Talk about realism!"ReceptionAccording to MGM records, the film made a profit of $193,000.Passage 5:Escape from the CityCrush 40 is a Japanese-American hardrock band. The group consists of guitarist and composer Jun Senoue and vocalist Johnny Gioeli, although Senoue has featured other lead vocalists on a Crush 40 album.  Crush 40 is best known for their contributions tothe Sonic the Hedgehog video game series.Senoue is employed by Sega as a composer and sound director, and has worked with Sega as a composer since 1993.  While preparing music for Sonic Adventure, hecontacted Gioeli to record the game's main track, "Open Your Heart".  They also recorded the soundtrack for NASCAR Arcade under the name "Sons of Angels" and released it in 2000 in Japan as the album Thrill of theFeel.  Afterward, Senoue and Gioeli stayed in contact and continued to record new music for further Sonic games, as well as their own original music, and performed live concerts.Crush 40 has released a total of twostudio albums, two live albums, two compilations, an EP, and individual tracks, mostly under Sega's Wave Master label.  The band's musical style of hard rock, considered by some to be a continuation of glam rock, hascreated a legacy with fans of the Sonic video game series.HistoryFormation, Thrill of the Feel, and Crush 40After graduating from college, Jun Senoue was hired by Sega in 1993 to compose music for video games. Hisfirst project in the Sonic the Hedgehog series was Sonic the Hedgehog 3 & Knuckles (1994), and he also contributed to Dark Wizard, Sonic 3D Blast, and Sega Rally 2.  During recording for Daytona USA: ChampionshipCircuit Edition, Senoue worked with Eric Martin of Mr. Big to record the main theme, "Sons of Angels".  Senoue said he brought a rock music feel to the games he worked on, including the Sonic the Hedgehog series,because he is a "rock guy".In 1998, Senoue contacted vocalist Johnny Gioeli during the recording process for Sonic Adventure and recorded their first song, "Open Your Heart". Senoue had previously recorded a demo ofthe song with Eizo Sakamoto on vocals, but Senoue has stated that he wrote the song assuming Gioeli would sing it. According to Gioeli, Senoue was a fan of Gioeli's band Hardline and connected with him via DougAldrich, the guitarist for Whitesnake. After making the track, the two stayed in contact, having enjoyed working together and wanting to do more. Senoue and Gioeli worked together again on songs for NASCAR Arcade.In addition to Senoue and Gioeli, Naoto Shibata and Hirotsugu Homma of Loudness played the bass and drums, respectively, for the songs, and the group took the name Sons of Angels, from the title of the songSenoue recorded with Eric Martin. In 2000, the band released Thrill of the Feel in Japan, published by Victor Entertainment. The album contained the tracks they had written for NASCAR Arcade, along with "Open YourHeart".During the development of Sonic Adventure 2, Senoue and Gioeli reunited to record the title track, "Live & Learn". As Shibata and Homma were busy performing with Loudness and later Anthem, Takeshi Tanedawas brought in to play bass, and Katsuji Kirita from Gargoyle and The Cro-Magnons played drums.  According to Vice, "Live & Learn" is one of Gioeli's favorite songs.  Senoue recorded the intro to the song for thegame's trial edition; he worked on the rest of the arrangement later and completed it within one day.  He then sent a demo to Gioeli to record his vocals. Gioeli was given the task of writing the lyrics for "Live & Learn".He initially was nervous and asked Senoue if his lyrics were okay on multiple occasions, but despite this, "Live & Learn" became one of the most memorable songs on the Sonic Adventure 2 soundtrack according to SeanAitchison of Fanbyte.Around this time, the band was renamed Crush 40, after discovering that there was a Norwegian rock band already named Sons of Angels. When asked why he chose "Crush 40", Senoue said,"When we had to pick one, we chose the word we like... 'Crush' is one of them, and Johnny added the number. Crush is the name of the soda too... that's my favorite!" Gioeli added that his inspiration for the title was adesire to "crush" his forties, which he was approaching at the time.  Two years after the 2001 release of Sonic Adventure 2, the album Crush 40 was released by Frontiers Records. The album contained the vocal tracksfrom NASCAR Arcade, Sonic Adventure and Sonic Adventure 2. According to Senoue, Crush 40 is specifically the band of himself and Gioeli, though tracks "It Doesn't Matter" and "Escape from the City" (sung by TonyHarnell and Ted Poley, respectively) were included on the album.  Senoue explained this was done to exhibit these songs to fans.Recordings for Sega and The Best of Crush 40: Super Sonic SongsIn 2003, Crush 40composed two new songs entitled "Sonic Heroes" and "What I'm Made Of..." for Sega's Sonic Heroes, the first multiplatform Sonic game. Both Senoue and Gioeli have called "What I'm Made Of..." their favorite song toperform. For Shadow the Hedgehog in 2005, Crush 40 recorded "I Am... All of Me", as well as "Never Turn Back". The drums for both songs were recorded by Toru Kawamura. Additionally, Crush 40 recorded covers ofsongs used in 2006's Sonic the Hedgehog, Sonic and the Secret Rings, Sonic Riders and Zero Gravity, and Sonic CD.  The band also recorded five original songs and a cover for Sonic and the Black Knight.For their first10 years, Crush 40 never performed live. In 2008, Crush 40 performed live at the Tokyo Game Show, with Senoue and Gioeli performing with backing tracks.  A year later, Senoue revealed to Famitsu that Crush 40 hadtwo album releases in the works, one of which was a "Best Of" album, due for release in September 2009.  He also announced the release of future songs that were not written for video games. The Best of Crush 40 –Super Sonic Songs was released on November 18, 2009.  In addition to compiling various Crush 40 songs from previous games, the album featured a new song, "Is It You," and a cover of "Fire Woman", a song releasedby The Cult in 1989. Senoue was also credited as a soloist on the 2009 Hardline album Leaving the End Open.Rise Again, Live!, 2 Nights 2 Remember, and Driving Through ForeverAfter the 2010 release of Sonic FreeRiders, Crush 40's contributions to Sonic the Hedgehog decreased. Senoue was no longer lead composer on games in the Sonic series after 2011's Sonic Generations. During the next few years, Crush 40 made morelive performances and recordings. In 2010, Crush 40 performed live at the Summer of Sonic convention. The next year, Crush 40 recorded a single, "Song of Hope", as inspiration for hope for victims of the 2011 Tōhokuearthquake and tsunami. According to Senoue, the song was written for charity, specifically for the Red Cross. Subsequently, "Song of Hope" and three new songs were released as an EP called Rise Again. One of theincluded songs, "Sonic Youth", pays tribute to Crush 40's fans with numerous references to the band's past songs.On March 29 and 30, 2012, Crush 40 performed live at Shibuya GUILTY in Tokyo, with Sonic Teamproducer Takashi Iizuka in the audience. From this concert, performed with Taneda and Kawamura, Crush 40's album Live! was recorded, and was released on October 3, 2012. The band also performed at the St. Louis


Passage 1:Wayne BridgeWayne Michael Bridge (born 5 August 1980) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left back.A graduate of the Southampton academy, he made his debut in 1998 andwould go on to make over 150 league appearances in Premier League before going on to have an extensive career with Chelsea where he won all three domestic competitions over the course of his six-year stay atStamford Bridge. He also spent time on loan with Fulham before later in 2009 joining Manchester City, where he remained for four seasons, although his final two were spent on loan with West Ham and Sunderland aswell as a spell in the EFL Championship with Brighton & Hove Albion. He retired in 2014 following a season with ReadingBridge made 36 appearances for the England national team between 2002 and 2009, beingselected for two FIFA World Cup squads and UEFA Euro 2004.Club careerSouthamptonBridge was born in Southampton, but moved to Olivers Battery, Winchester, at an early age. He attended Oliver's Battery Primaryand Kings' School, Winchester. When playing for Olivers Battery he was spotted by Micky Adams, who recommended him to Southampton, who signed him as a trainee in July 1996. He made his reserve team debut as acentre-forward against Portsmouth on 13 August 1997 and turned professional in January 1998.Bridge made his first-team debut on 16 August 1998 (the opening day of the 1998–99 season) coming on as areplacement for John Beresford, who had badly damaged his knee. Bridge made his first senior start in the next match on 22 August in a 5–0 defeat away to Charlton Athletic. As Southampton struggled to pick uppoints (with only two points after the first nine games), Bridge played (on the left wing) in most of Saints' league games until early December before losing his place to Hassan Kachloul. For the remainder of the1998–99 Premier League season, Bridge was only used occasionally as Saints narrowly avoided relegation. He completed his first season as a first-team player with 15 starts and eight substitute appearances.Thefollowing season carried on in a similar vein with Bridge making occasional appearances on the left wing until injuries to Francis Benali and the poor form of his intended replacement Patrick Colleter gave Bridge theopportunity to play at left-back, where he soon became a fixture in the Saints starting line-up. In the 1999–2000 season, he made 15 starts (plus four substitute appearances) scoring his first senior goal, with apowerful free-kick over the wall, in the final match of the season on 14 May 2000 against Wimbledon, as a result of which Wimbledon were relegated to Division 1 after 14 years in the top flight.In the 2000–01 season,Bridge was an ever-present at left-back as Saints finished their final season at The Dell in tenth place in the Premier League table. Bridge was rewarded by being voted the Southampton Player of the Year for the2000–01 season.Bridge was "fast, determined, skilful and full of youthful promise" and "his forward runs became an exciting sight at The Dell and then at St Mary's." He was an ever-present yet again in the followingseason as Saints again finished their first season at their new stadium comfortably in mid-table.Bridge's temperament and consistency, together with a high level of fitness, enabled him to continue to play every matchuntil 18 January 2003 when he limped off with an injury in a 1–0 defeat to Liverpool. This brought to an end a run of 113 consecutive appearances, a Premier League record for an outfield player (since surpassed byFrank Lampard, Jr.). His run started on 4 March 2000, from when Bridge played 10,160 consecutive minutes of Premier League football, not missing any play through injury or suspension.By now, bigger clubs weretrailing Bridge, and he was finally tempted away to join Chelsea for £7 million in the 2003 close season. His last appearance for the club came in the 2003 FA Cup Final defeat to Arsenal. During his five years as a Saintsfirst-team player, he made 173 appearances, with two league goals against Wimbledon and Bolton Wanderers.Chelsea2003–04 seasonAfter five years with the Saints, Bridge moved to Chelsea in July 2003 for a fee of£7 million plus Graeme Le Saux, and was initially a regular starter. His finest moment came in the Champions League quarter-final against Arsenal in 2003–04. Bridge scored the winning goal in the 88th minute to sendChelsea into the semi-finals and end an 18-game winless run against Arsenal. The goal was later voted goal of the season. Bridge also scored against Beşiktaş and Portsmouth in the 2003–04 season.2004–05seasonBridge started the 2004–05 season playing regularly under new manager José Mourinho, but he picked up a serious ankle injury in an FA Cup tie against Newcastle United on 20 February 2005. This ended hisseason and also meant he missed the following weekend's League Cup Final. Chelsea went on to win the Premier League in his absence but Bridge had already made enough appearances (15) to receive a winners'medal.2005–06 seasonFor the 2005–06 season, Chelsea signed Spanish left-back Asier del Horno and Bridge faced a challenge to get back into the side when he recovered from the injury that kept him out of the teamin the latter stages of the 2004–05 campaign. He only made two appearances for Chelsea that season, both in domestic cup games. These limited first team opportunities saw him join Fulham on loan on 19 January2006. He made his debut in a 2–1 defeat to West Ham United at Upton Park. The move seemed to benefit him as he managed to secure his place in the 2006 World Cup English squad for the tournament in Germany.Chelsea won the Premier League again, but Bridge was not eligible for a medal this time as he had not made a single league appearance for them all season.2006–07 seasonBridge's main competition for the Chelsea leftback position then came from fellow England international left back Ashley Cole. Bridge played the full match in Chelsea's 3–0 victory over Manchester City on the opening day of the 2006–07 Premier League season,providing a telling cross for the third goal, scored by a header from Didier Drogba. His strong early season form, however, was not enough to hold down the left-back position, with Mourinho preferring Ashley Cole inmost games. Following Cole's injury in the 3–0 Premier League win against Blackburn Rovers early in 2007, Bridge became Chelsea's natural choice for left-back.Bridge featured in attack for an injury struck Chelsea sideagainst League Two side Wycombe Wanderers in the 2007 semi-final 1st leg League Cup match, scoring one goal in the process.Bridge finished the 2006–07 season with two cup final winner's medals after playing inboth the League Cup Final against Arsenal in a 2–1 win and in the FA Cup Final against Manchester United in a 1–0 victory.2007–08 seasonBridge played his third cup final for Chelsea in just over two years in the 2–1loss in the 2008 League Cup Final against Tottenham Hotspur. Bridge was adjudged to have handled the ball in the penalty area and Tottenham were awarded a penalty from which they scored, going on to win 2–1after extra-time.2008–09 seasonIn the League Cup fourth round tie against Burnley in the 2008–09 season, Bridge wore the captain's armband in the absence of John Terry and Frank Lampard, but the Blues lost onpenalties.Manchester City2009–11 seasonsOn 2 January 2009, it was confirmed by Mark Hughes that Manchester City had agreed an undisclosed fee with Chelsea for Bridge, thought to be around £10 million and, onthe following day, Manchester City agreed personal terms with the player, who later passed his medical, thus enabling the transfer to be completed and he signed a four-and-a-half-year deal. Bridge was unveiled to thehome fans that day at an FA Cup home tie against Nottingham Forest, and two weeks later made his debut for the club in a 1–0 win against Wigan Athletic in the league. He was given the squad number 25. For the2009–10 season, Bridge switched to the number 3, which was previously worn by Michael Ball.On 27 February 2010, City inflicted Chelsea's first home Premier League defeat of the season with a 4–2 victory. Prior tothe match, Bridge was involved in a highly publicised incident in which he refused to shake hands with Chelsea captain and former club and international teammate John Terry, who was at the time the subject of claimsthat he had had an affair with Bridge's ex-girlfriend Vanessa Perroncel. His position as left-back for Manchester City gradually faded with the arrival of two new left-backs. In the summer of 2010, Manchester Citymanager Roberto Mancini signed Aleksandar Kolarov from Lazio, and in 2011 signed Gaël Clichy from Arsenal, thus indicating Bridge was surplus to requirements at City.West Ham (loan)On 12 January 2011, Bridgejoined West Ham United on loan until the end of the season. He made his West Ham debut on 15 January 2011 in a 3–0 loss to Arsenal. Bridge made 18 appearances in all competitions for West Ham before his loanended.Sunderland (loan)On 31 January 2012, it was announced that Bridge had joined Sunderland on a loan deal until the end of the 2011–12 season. He made his debut appearance as an 82nd minute substitute forKieran Richardson in Sunderland's 3–0 victory over Norwich City the following day. He made his first start for Sunderland in their 1–0 win over Liverpool on 10 March 2012, and also featured in the FA Cup quarter-finaldraw with Everton the following week.Brighton & Hove Albion (loan)On 6 July 2012, it was confirmed that Bridge would join Brighton & Hove Albion on a season-long loan. He made his debut for Brighton on 14 August2012 in a 3–0 away defeat to Swindon Town in the League Cup. His first Brighton goal came on 25 August 2012 in a 5–1 home victory over Barnsley, his first league goal since scoring for Chelsea in December 2003.Bridge played 37 league games for Brighton, scoring three goals and helping them reach fourth place in the league to qualify for the play-offs. He played in both semi-final games against Crystal Palace where Brightonwere beaten 2–0 on aggregate. At the end of the season, Bridge thanked Brighton manager Gus Poyet for revitalising his footballing career. He told The Independent, "Brighton have been great to me. I just want to saya big thank you to the chairman and the fans. Gus has revitalised my love for football after I was in the wilderness at Manchester City."Reading and retirementIn June 2013, Bridge signed a one-year contract withReading, who had just been relegated to the Football League Championship. Bridge chose Reading ahead of offers from Queens Park Rangers and Brighton, who wished to make his loan permanent.On 6 May 2014,Bridge was released by Reading after 12 games in his only season for the club, subsequently retiring from professional football.International careerDuring his time with Southampton, all Bridge's managers (Jones,Hoddle and Gray) predicted full international honours. He was soon making regular appearances for the England under-21 team, and the managers' prophecy was realised when Sven-Göran Eriksson gave him his firstfull cap against the Netherlands on 13 February 2002. He quickly proved himself and appeared twice as a substitute in the 2002 World Cup, although he did not appear at all in Euro 2004, with Ashley Cole beingpreferred.During qualification for the 2006 World Cup, Bridge occupied England's problematic left midfield position, but lost this to his Chelsea teammate Joe Cole when he received an injury. He returned to the Englandteam for a friendly against Argentina in November 2005, covering for the injured Cole at left back and winning his 21st cap.Bridge played in the Euro 2008 qualifier match against Estonia on 6 June 2007, which Englandwon 3–0, with Bridge assisting Joe Cole's goal with a long throw into the box.Bridge's final appearance for England was against Brazil on 14 November 2009.On 25 February 2010, Bridge announced his permanentwithdrawal from international duty following allegations regarding England captain John Terry and Bridge's former girlfriend Vanessa Perroncel.Personal lifeBridge was in a relationship with French model VanessaPerroncel from 2005 to 2009. They had a son together, Jaydon Jean Claude Bridge, who was born on 21 November 2006. The next day, Bridge signed a new four-year contract with Chelsea, on 22 November 2006.InJanuary 2010, a super injunction was imposed by a High Court judge preventing the media reporting that Bridge's former teammate John Terry had allegedly had an affair with Perroncel shortly after she split fromBridge. The injunction was lifted a week later. On 25 March, Perroncel succeeded in a claim against Bridge for maintenance for their son with the High Court awarding her a payment of £6,000 per month until Jaydon's18th birthday. The News of the World printed an apology for the story on 3 October 2010 to Perroncel for invading her private life, and indicating that she has refuted the claims against herself and Terry.On 8 April2013, The Saturdays singer Frankie Sandford announced on Twitter that she was engaged to Bridge. She gave birth to their son, Parker Bridge, on 18 October 2013. The couple married on 19 July 2014 in a privateceremony. In January 2015, Sandford announced that they were expecting their second child. On 15 August 2015, Carter Bridge was born.Bridge was a contestant in the 2016 series of TV show I'm a Celebrity... Get MeOut of Here!, but was voted out on 2 December. In 2019, he won the first celebrity series of Channel 4's SAS: Who Dares Wins, after trekking the El Morado glacier in Chile.Bridge has spoken about his love for playingpoker, which began when his friends started a local monthly home game. He plays in one day live events, and has described his style of play as 'kamikaze'.Career statisticsClubInternationalScores and results listEngland's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Bridge goal.HonoursChelseaPremier League: 2004–05FA Cup: 2006–07Football League Cup: 2006–07IndividualPFA Team of the Year: 2001–02 PremierLeague, 2012–13 ChampionshipPassage 2:Daniel Sandford (journalist)Daniel Sandford is an English TV journalist.Early life and educationSandford was born in 1965-66 in Oxford. His family moved to Ethiopia when hewas 3 and he received his primary education there at the English School, which had been founded by his grandmother some 20 years earlier. The family returned to the UK after the 1974 Ethiopian revolution and hereceived his secondary education at Magdalen College School, an independent school for boys in Oxford, and sang as a chorister in the choir of Magdalen College, Oxford. He studied physics and electronics at theUniversity of Southampton, graduating in 1988.CareerFrom January 1989 to May 1998, Sandford worked at ITN, where his roles included that of Home Affairs Producer, Africa Producer and General Reporter.In 1998 hejoined the BBC, acting as Home Affairs Producer and Health Correspondent. In 2002 he became Home Affairs Correspondent. He reported on the terrorist attacks in London in July 2005, and the airline "liquid bomb plot"of August 2006. In May 2020 the BBC was obliged to apologise after 'incorrect' and 'disappointing' claims by Sandford live on air that Welsh borders would not be policed when Welsh Health minister Vaughan Gethingand Rhun ap Iorwerth, MS for Ynys Môn criticised his remarks over the difference in COVID-19 lockdown rules in England and Wales.Personal life and family backgroundHe is the grandson of Brigadier Daniel Sandfordand the great nephew of Lieutenant Richard Douglas Sandford VC. He is also related to Daniel Fox Sandford (1831–1906), Bishop of Tasmania, Daniel Keyte Sandford (1798–1838), Scottish politician and Greek scholarand Daniel Sandford, (1766–1830), Bishop of Edinburgh.He is married to Caro Kriel, the former head of international news for Sky News. He has two children.Passage 3:Frankie BridgeFrancesca Bridge (née Sandford,born 14 January 1989) is an English singer, formerly a member of S Club Juniors and a member of girl group the Saturdays. Bridge began her career when she auditioned for Simon Fuller's reality television competitionS Club Search in 2001, broadcast on CBBC. She successfully auditioned and won a place in the pop group S Club Juniors. Bridge and the rest of the group then starred in their own reality TV show S Club Junior: TheStory. Together with the band, Bridge successfully released seven singles and two albums. Whilst in the group, she made an appearance in S Club 7's TV show Viva S Club. The group then began featuring in their ownchildren's musical television programme I Dream. Bridge played a main role in the show and went onto release the duet single "Dreaming" along with fellow S Club 8 member Calvin Goldspink.In 2007, Bridge went on tosuccessfully audition for the girlband the Saturdays. The group were immediately signed to Polydor and Fascination Records and later gained a record deal with Geffen Records after having huge success in the UnitedKingdom. Bridge and the rest of the group later signed a deal with Island Def Jam and Mercury worth US$1.5 million to distribute their music in the US, which led to her first UK number-one single "What About Us".Throughout Bridge's time in the music industry, she has achieved 19 UK top-ten singles and six UK top-ten albums. In late 2017, Bridge decided to pursue a solo career in music, signing a record deal with both Polydorand Fascination Records, the labels Bridge has been signed to since she was 11 years old. Her debut solo album was expected to be released in 2019, however it was shelved so Bridge could focus on motherhood.Bridge's 16 years in the music industry has led her to sell an estimated 10 million records worldwide.Bridge gained higher prominence as a style icon in the UK, and her signature style short hair started a trend aroundthe UK. She has had a successful career in television as well as performing, she has been a part of two reality television series of her own: The Saturdays: 24/7 and Chasing the Saturdays. She was also involved inGhosthunting With... in 2010. In 2014, Bridge took part in the twelfth series of Strictly Come Dancing where she was the runner-up of the series, and in 2017 she began presenting Cannonball. She has been married tofootballer Wayne Bridge since 2014, and together, the couple have two sons. As of 2021, Bridge's net worth stands at £11 million, the highest of all the members of the Saturdays. In November 2021, Bridge was acontestant on the twenty-first series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! and finished in third place.Early lifeBridge was born in Upminster, Essex, on 14 January 1989. According to Bridge, her parents are very"sporty" and she would hate Sundays due to them making her do sport, therefore Bridge began taking dance lessons from the age of three at her local Community centre. Bridge auditioned for Colins Performing Arts, adrama school in Romford, and sang a song from Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, which she practised daily with the school choir. She was successful in receiving a place at the school. Bridge was inspiredto audition for the school after seeing future bandmate, Rochelle Humes perform at the opening evening. Bridge began auditioning for roles in television shows and adverts when she was just nine years old, andalthough she did well and often making the final, she didn't receive any parts she auditioned for and began questioning whether or not she was good enough, and therefore began taking an extra two private actinglessons a week. She has a sister. In her early teens she won a contest for her performance of "Macavity" from the musical, Cats and her mother taught her the song, choreographed the routine and made her outfit. Inthe book The Saturdays: Our Story, Bridge revealed she was very poor at Mathematics in school and her school report revealed she was well behaved as a child and would only receive detention for forgettinghomework.Bridge previously worked in a bar in her local town during the week and had a Saturday job as a sales assistant at an AllSaints concession in House of Fraser, Lakeside Shopping Centre, Essex. From a youngage Bridge suffered from severe depression. Bridge studied dance in her after-school hours. and enrolled at a stage school near Romford to study musical arts. Her grandmother would call her 'Sunshine and Showers'because of her very upbeat personality when she is happy and very down personality when she is sad. Following the death of her grandmother, Bridge got the words tattooed onto the bottom of herneck.Career2001–05: Beginnings and S Club 8S Club Juniors were formed in 2001 through a reality television show, S Club Search. The auditions were aired on children's television channel, CBBC. The concept of the


Passage 1:Donny LucasDonald James "Donny" Lucas is a Canadian actor and comedian.He is best known for voicing Disco Kid in Punch Out!!, Zed in League of Legends, Mr. Fix in Iron Man: Armored Adventures, and theLucius Fox A.I. in Batwoman.Early lifeDonny Lucas was born, adopted, and raised in Montreal, Quebec.Lucas started his acting career in 1986 by taking classes, workshops, and community theater. His first credits werefor HBO, Warner Bros, and Nickelodeon.FilmographyFilmTelevisionVideogamesPassage 2:Lou ManfrediniLou Manfredini (born May 4, 1964) is an American television/radio personality and home improvement expert.Born in Highland Park, Illinois he is the host of HouseSmarts TV, host of Chicago's WGN (AM) HouseSmarts Radio (formerly Mr. Fix-It), and is a contributor on NBC's Today Show.Early yearsManfredini was born toMassimo and Lida Manfredini in Highland Park, IL. His father worked as an auto and truck mechanic, mother was a homemaker. Manfredini worked with his father on cars and trucks  which ultimately led Manfredini topursue a career in home improvement. While a student at Deerfield High School (Illinois), Manfredini worked at a hardware store and at a steel company as a welder. After graduating high school in 1982, Manfrediniwent to Millikin University in Decatur, Illinois on a musical theater scholarship. In 1987, Manfredini started a construction company in Chicago. After 8 years in business, he began a media career in 1995 when WGN(AM) Radio  launched his idea for a home improvement call-in radio show.Television and Print MediaAs hostIn 1995 after writing letters to pitch his idea for a call-in home improvement radio show on WGN Radio,morning show host Bob Collins booked Manfredini on his show as a guest where his nickname, Mr. Fix It, was coined. Soon after Manfredini joined host Roy Leonard on his Saturday show as a regular contributor whichthen led to his own Saturday morning call-in radio show which still airs today.  In 2000, Manfredini became the home improvement contributor for NBC-TV's Today Show, from 2006 to 2013 for NBC-5 Chicago and inSeptember 2013 for WGN-TV Chicago. In 2006, he partnered with Frank DiGioia, President and CEO of Fort Productions, to create the news/magazine style home improvement and lifestyle show HouseSmarts.Manfredini is also the host of Lou Manfredini's HouseSmarts Minutes (formerly Lou Manfredini's Home Improvement Minutes) that are syndicated on radio stations across the United States.On May 29, 2015 Manfrediniwas inducted into the WGN Radio Walk of Fame.On January 14, 2017 Manfredini debuted the live show, HouseSmarts Radio, on 77-WABC New York.On October 14, 2017 Manfredini debuted the live show, HouseSmartsRadio, on 790-KABC Los Angeles.As spokespersonManfredini has represented Marvin Windows and Doors nationally as their spokesperson since 2004 and serves/has served as spokesperson in the Chicago market for:Perma Seal Basement Systems, Chicagoland and Northwest Indiana Chevy Dealers and Baxter Credit Union (BCU).Since 2002 Manfredini has served as Ace Hardware's resident "Home Expert" and editorial mediaspokesperson.Manfredini has been host of satellite media tours representing companies such as The Wood Promotion Network, 3M, Marvin Windows and Doors, Ace Hardware, Skil Power Tools.Manfredini has served assubject matter expert host for The Rug Doctor infomercial.Other appearancesManfredini has sung the National Anthem at Wrigley Field, home of the Chicago Cubs, three times – once in 1998, once in 2001  and once asa duet in 2009 with his producer, Lindsey Smithwick (formerly Kreutzer).From 2002 to 2003 Manfredini served as the Home Category Expert for the Home Shopping Network (HSN).On August 18, 2011 Manfredini was aguest on the stage and radio show created by the Chicago Tribune and The Second City, Chicago Live!On May 30, 2012, Manfredini guest starred in the Irish musical The Twelve Tenors for one night at the RiverfrontTheater in Chicago.Bibliography2000: Mr. Fix It: 101 Answers to the Most Commonly Asked Questions About Repairing Your Home Rare Air Media ISBN 1-892866-22-62002: Mr. Fix It Introduces You To Your HomeBallantine Books ISBN 0-345-44987-82004: House Smarts Ballantine Books ISBN 0-345-44989-42004:Bath Smarts Ballantine Books ISBN 0-345-44990-82004: Kitchen Smarts Ballantine Books ISBN0-345-44988-62004: Room Smarts Ballantine Books ISBN 0-345-46722-1FamilyManfredini lives in Chicago with his wife and four children and runs the Edgebrook Ace Hardware and Villa Park Ace Hardware.Manfredini's oldest son, Quinn, is the founder of Deep Dish Sports Talk, Chicago's premier sports podcast.Passage 3:Mr. Fix-ItMr. Fix-It is a 1918 American silent comedy film starring Douglas Fairbanks, Marjorie Daw,and Wanda Hawley, directed by Allan Dwan.PlotAs described in a film magazine, because of his ability to fix things Dick Remington (Fairbanks) becomes known as "Mr. Fix-It" and enters the aristocratic home of theBurroughs as their nephew. Before long he has melted the stone hearts of three aunts and one uncle and won the heart of Mary McCullough (Hawley) in addition to setting aright the affairs of pretty GeorgianaBurroughs (MacDonald) and Olive Van Tassell (Landis).CastReceptionLike many American films of the time, Mr. Fix-It was subject to restrictions and cuts by city and state film censorship boards. For example, theChicago Board of Censors cut, in Reel 5, the policeman arresting women in kimono coming from raided house of ill repute.Preservation statusOn July 16, 2011 at the Castro Theatre in San Francisco, the San FranciscoSilent Film Festival presented a restored print of the film from George Eastman House.See alsoList of rediscovered filmsPassage 4:Allan DwanAllan Dwan (born Joseph Aloysius Dwan; April 3, 1885 – December 28,1981) was a pioneering Canadian-born American motion picture director, producer, and screenwriter.Early lifeBorn Joseph Aloysius Dwan in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Dwan was the younger son of commercial travelerof woolen clothing Joseph Michael Dwan (1857–1917) and his wife Mary Jane Dwan, née Hunt. The family moved to the United States when he was seven years old on December 4, 1892, by ferry from Windsor toDetroit, according to his naturalization petition of August 1939. His elder brother, Leo Garnet Dwan (1883–1964), became a physician.Allan Dwan studied engineering at the University of Notre Dame and then workedfor a lighting company in Chicago. He had a strong interest in the fledgling motion picture industry, and when Essanay Studios offered him the opportunity to become a scriptwriter, he took the job. At that time, some ofthe East Coast movie makers began to spend winters in California where the climate allowed them to continue productions requiring warm weather. Soon, a number of movie companies worked there year-round, and in1911, Dwan began working part-time in Hollywood. While still in New York, in 1917 he was the founding president of the East Coast chapter of the Motion Picture Directors Association.CareerDwan started his directingcareer by accident in 1911, when he was sent by his employers to California, in order to locate a company that had vanished. Dwan managed to track the company down, and learned that they were waiting for thefilm's director (who was an alcoholic) to return from a binge (and allowing them to return to work). Dwan wired back to his employers in Chicago, informing them of the situation, and suggested that they disband thecompany. They wired back, instructing Dwan to direct the film. When Dwan informed the company of the situation, and that their jobs were on the line, they responded: "You're the best damn director we eversaw".Dwan operated Flying A Studios in La Mesa, California, from August 1911 to July 1912. Flying A was one of the first motion pictures studios in California history. On August 12, 2011, a plaque was unveiled on theWolff building at Third Avenue and La Mesa Boulevard commemorating Dwan and the Flying A Studios origins in La Mesa, California.After making a series of westerns and comedies, Dwan directed fellowCanadian-American Mary Pickford in several very successful movies as well as her husband, Douglas Fairbanks, notably in the acclaimed 1922 Robin Hood. Dwan directed Gloria Swanson in eight feature films, and oneshort film made in the short-lived sound-on-film process Phonofilm. This short, also featuring Thomas Meighan and Henri de la Falaise, was produced as a joke, for the April 26, 1925 "Lambs' Gambol" for The Lambs,with the film showing Swanson crashing the all-male club.Following the introduction of the talkies, Dwan directed child-star Shirley Temple in Heidi (1937) and Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1938).Dwan helped launchthe career of two other successful Hollywood directors, Victor Fleming, who went on to direct The Wizard of Oz and Gone With the Wind, and Marshall Neilan, who became an actor, director, writer and producer. Over along career spanning almost 50 years, Dwan directed 125 motion pictures, some of which were highly acclaimed, such as the 1949 box office hit, Sands of Iwo Jima. He directed his last movie in 1961.Being one of thelast surviving pioneers of the cinema, he was interviewed at length for the 1980 documentary series Hollywood.He died in Los Angeles at the age of 96, and is interred in the San Fernando Mission Cemetery, MissionHills, California.Dwan has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6263 Hollywood Boulevard.Daniel Eagan of Film Journal International described Dwan as one of the early pioneers of cinema, stating that his style "isso basic as to seem invisible, but he treats his characters with uncommon sympathy and compassion."Partial filmography as directorSee alsoCanadian pioneers in early HollywoodPassage 5:Saintly SinnersSaintlySinners is a 1962 American comedy-drama film directed by Jean Yarbrough and starring Don Beddoe, Ellen Corby, Stanley Clements and Paul Bryar.PlotEx-con Joseph Braden has his car temporarily stolen by a pair ofbank robbers who hide their loot in the vehicle's spare tire. After the car is repossessed, it's sold to the kindly Rev. Daniel Sheridan, who immediately sets out on a fishing trip.CastDon Beddoe as Father DanSheridanEllen Corby as Mrs. McKenzieStanley Clements as SlimPaul Bryar as DukeAddison Richards as Monsignor CraigRon Hagerthy as Joe BreadenJacklyn O'Donnell as Sue Braeden (as Erin O'Donnell)Clancy Cooperas Idaho MurphyWilliam Fawcett as Horsefly BrownEarle Hodgins as Uncle CleteNorman Leavitt as Pittheus (as Norm Leavitt)Willis Bouchey as Police Chief HarrihanSee alsoList of American films of 1962Passage 6:RauniMollbergRauni Mollberg (April 15, 1929 – October 11, 2007) was a Finnish film director who directed movies and TV movies.In 1963 Mollberg directed movies for YLE. He directed a version of The Unknown Soldier in1985, 30 years after Edvin Laine directed the original version of it. Mollberg's movie's plot was same as Laine's movie. But Mollberg used unknown actors and the movie was colourised and shot by a handholdcamera.Mollberg did not begin directing films for the cinema until he was well into his forties. He made a notable splash on the international festival circuit in 1974 with The Earth Is A Sinful Song (1973), his debutfeature, an earthy, erotically-charged, blood-soaked tale of a young village girl's ill-fated affair with a Lapp reindeer herdsman. Based on a novel by the late Timo K. Mukka, one of Finland's most controversial youngwriters, the film "stunned Scandinavian critics and audiences alike with its simple, terrible power and its authentic sensuality" (Peter Cowie), and went on to become one of the biggest box-office successes in the Finnishcinema's history. It also introduced Mollberg's trademark style: "a realistic naturalism full of expressive force with which he merges the people with the scenery, stripping them bare of life's illusions and the polishedveneer of culture" (Sakari Toiviainen). Despite Peter Cowie's efforts, and the acclaim of many other critics and "independent" festivals, The Finnish National Film board has stubbornly sequestered this masterpiece, onlyreleasing it in a DVD format incompatible with international viewing, and lacking English subtitles.During his career he was used to get wide audiences in Finland. His film The Earth is a Sinful Song (1973) sold 709,664tickets and it is 11th on the list of most admissions to a Finnish film. 590,271 tickets were sold for the screenings of The Unknown Soldier (1985) making it the 17th highest-grossing movie in the history ofFinland.Awards and nominationsBerlin International Film Festival: Nominated for Golden Bear (1974 and 1981 for films The Earth is a Sinful Song and Milka).Locarno International Film Festival: Won Special prize for TheEarth is a Sinful Song (1974).Napoli Film Festival: Won Best Director award for Pretty Good for a Human (1978).Jussi Awards: Best Director award for Sotaerakko (1973), The Earth is a Sinful Song (1974), Pretty Goodfor a Human (1978), The Unknown Soldier (1986), Best Producer award for Milka (1981).Filmography"Lapsuuteni", 1967Tehtaan varjossa, 1969Sotaerakko, 1972Maa on syntinen laulu, 1973Aika hyvä ihmiseksi,1977Milka – elokuva tabuista, 1980Tuntematon sotilas, 1985Ystävät, toverit, 1990Paratiisin lapset, 1994Taustan Mikon kotiinpaluu, 1999Ison miehen vierailu, 1999Puu kulkee, 2000Heikuraisen Nauru, 2001Korpisenveljekset, 2002Reissu, 2004Passage 7:La Bestia humanaLa Bestia humana is a 1957 Argentine film whose story is based on the 1890 novel La Bête Humaine by the French writer Émile Zola.External linksLa Bestiahumana at IMDbPassage 8:Ohimai AmaizeOhimai Amaize (born 9 September 1984) is a Nigerian journalist with a multi-sectoral background that spans anti-corruption, youth advocacy, civil society, political campaigns,brand development, communications strategy and governance.He was producer and anchor of Kakaaki Social – a popular social media news program on Africa Independent Television (AIT) – Nigeria's largest privatelyowned television network. In June 2019, Amaize fled Nigeria to exile in the United States following threats of arrest for treason by the Nigerian government for his journalistic work as a TV anchor. In January 2020, hewas granted asylum in the United States. Amaize graduated from Columbia University with a Master of Arts in Political Reporting on 26 August 2021. His writings have appeared on local and international platforms likePremium Times, Sahara Reporters, Slate and JSTOR Daily.Education and early careerIn 2007, he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and French (Combined Honours) from the University of Ibadan,Nigeria where he was elected President of the institution's umbrella body for campus journalists - the Union of Campus Journalists (UCJ) in 2006. Later in 2009, he earned a Post-Graduate Certificate in Managing forIntegrity at the Central European University, Budapest, Hungary.His professional career began in 2007 at the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), before moving to Lagos-based ad agency, ADSTRATBMC a year after.In May 2009, he took on a new challenge as Research Assistant to pioneer Executive Chairman of EFCC, Mallam Nuhu Ribadu.Amaize is a recipient of the Columbia University Scholarship for DisplacedStudents (CUSDS) – the "first-ever Columbia-wide scholarship, and the world's first scholarship of its kind.” A  He is one of 18 students from around the world selected into the inaugural cohort, from over 1,200applicants.AdvocacyAmaize is a voluntary adviser to numerous youth-led non-profit initiatives, including work in the EFCC's Popular Culture Programme under the commission's former Fix Nigeria Initiative departmentand later under the commission's Strategy and Re-orientation Unit (SARU).In October 2008, he became an ambassador, Microsoft Internet Safety, Security and Privacy Initiative for Nigeria (MISSPIN). One of the majorhighlights of his work with the organization was B.L.I.N.G. (Brilliant. Legitimate. Inspired. Nigerian. Great), a pop-culture strategy with which he assembled some of Nigeria's top music artistes to produce thesong/music video – "Maga No Need Pay" – Nigeria's first ever music collaboration against cyber-crimes.Produced by legendary producer Cobhams Asuquo, "Maga No Need Pay" featured Banky W, Omawumi, RooftopMCs, Bez Idakula, Modele, Wordsmith and MI Abaga.Politics and governanceDescribed by Nigeria's Y! Magazine as "The Fixer", in August 2010, he became the youngest presidential campaign manager (26) in moderndemocratic history when popular journalist Dele Momodu appointed him to head his campaign ahead of the 2011 polls.From September 2011 to May 2012, he served as Special Advisor on Advocacy to Mallam BolajiAbdullahi then Nigeria's Minister of Youth Development. When Abdullahi was appointed Minister of Sports, he followed his boss and became the Minister's Advisor on Youth, School and Grassroots Sports till March2014.From April to October 2014, he was Special Advisor on Media Strategy to Senator Musiliu Obanikoro, as Minister of State for Defence  and later for Foreign Affairs until May 29, 2015.In October 2015, Amaize tooka break from politics announcing his disengagement from partisan politics with his exit from the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).Television/BroadcastingIn August 2018, Africa Independent Television (AIT) announcedthat Ohimai Amaize and Osasu Igbinedion will be hosts of The Weekend Show - a live TV show that focuses on politics, lifestyle and entertainment. The show aired for two hours on Saturdays and Sundays.Also, inAugust 2018, Amaize joined popular daily breakfast television program Kakaaki as a presenter and helped launch the popular Kakaaki Social segment – a 20-minute social media daily news program airing between 8amand 8.20am.In June 2019, Amaize fled Nigeria over ongoing threats of arrest for presenting the government critical Kakaaki Social on Africa Independent Television.WorksAmaize is the author of the book - FightingLions: The Untold Story of Dele Momodu’s Presidential Campaign which details his account as Nigeria's youngest presidential campaign manager.Other engagementsIn November 2012, he was appointed secretary of theBoard of the Nigeria Academicals Sports Committee (NASCOM). In this capacity, he helped create the Rhythm N’ Play campaign – a grassroots sports mobilization campaign targeted at bringing an additional 2 millionNigerian school children into sports within a period of two years. Former President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan launched the campaign in Abuja in June 2013.Amaize was tasked by Holyhill Church, Abuja to pioneer TheUnderground – Nigeria's first-ever Christian Nightclub – a specialized outreach ministry for ‘unchurched’ youths.In June 2016, Amaize was appointed Coordinator of Ghana At Work – a project that documenteddevelopment in Ghana.The SignalHe is the founder and publisher of online newspaper, Signal. Most famously, Signal has reported exclusively on: the expensive lifestyle of Nigeria's first family – the Buharis; the insidestory of the power tussle between Aisha Buhari and a political cabal inside the Aso Rock Presidential Villa; in 2016, broke news of the death of Diepreye Solomon Peter Alamieyeseigha, the first elected governor ofNigeria's southern Bayelsa state.Awards and recognitionsAmaize was nominated in the Excellence in Service (Public Service) category of The Future Awards for 2012. In 2013, he was honoured by The Future Project asone of the Best 100 Young Nigerians in one of the events to mark Nigeria's 100th anniversary as a nation.Personal lifeOn April 26, 2014, Amaize married his heartthrob, Tessy Oliseh, an award-winning fashion designerand alumnus of Middlesex University, United Kingdom  and the younger sister to Nigerian football legend, Sunday Oliseh.Passage 9:Mr. Fix It (2006 film)Mr. Fix It is a 2006 American romantic comedy film starring DavidBoreanaz.  It was directed by Darin Ferriola,The former working titles were Deception and Boyfriend Girlfriend Relationship, while the former main title was The Perfect Lie.SynopsisLance Valenteen (Boreanaz) makes aliving as "Mr Fix It", a guy who is hired by men to get them back together with their ex-girlfriends.  Lance dates the guy's ex-girlfriend and becomes the worst date ever, sending her back to her ex-boyfriend'sarms.  When Lance is hired by Bill Smith (Pat Healy) to get Sophia Fiori (Alana de la Garza) back, Lance ends up falling for her.CastDavid Boreanaz - Lance Valenteen (Mr Fix It)Alana de la Garza - Sophia FioriScootMcNairy - DanPat Healy - Bill SmithPaul Sorvino - WallyTerrence Evans - CharlieLee Weaver - RalphRodney Rowland - TipMiranda Kwok - MelanieHerschel Bleefeld - ShiffyPatrica Place - Mrs. CliverhornGemini Barnett -


Passage 1:Walter UlfigWalter Ulfig was a German composer of film scores.Selected filmographyDas Meer (1927)Venus im Frack (1927)Svengali (1927)Bigamie (1927)Homesick (1927)The Awakening of Woman(1927)The Famous Woman (1927)Alpine Tragedy (1927)The Strange Case of Captain Ramper (1927)Assassination (1927)Queen Louise (1927)Homesick (1927)Das Schicksal einer Nacht (1927)The Hunt for the Bride(1927)The Orlov (1927)Serenissimus and the Last Virgin (1928)Mariett Dances Today (1928))The Woman from Till 12 (1928)The Beloved of His Highness (1928)The Schorrsiegel Affair (1928)It Attracted Three Fellows(1928)Miss Chauffeur (1928)The King of Carnival (1928)The Weekend Bride (1928)Honeymoon (1928)Spring Awakening (1929)The Right of the Unborn (1929)The Heath Is Green (1932)Höllentempo (1933)The TwoSeals (1934)Pappi (1934)Mädchenräuber (1936)BibliographyJung, Uli & Schatzberg, Walter. Beyond Caligari: The Films of Robert Wiene. Berghahn Books, 1999.External linksWalter Ulfig at IMDbPassage 2:BertGrundBert Grund (1920–1992) was a German composer of film scores.Selected filmographyCrown Jewels (1950)Immortal Light (1951)I Can't Marry Them All (1952)We're Dancing on the Rainbow (1952)My Wife IsBeing Stupid (1952)Knall and Fall as Detectives (1952)The Bachelor Trap (1953)The Bird Seller (1953)The Immortal Vagabond (1953)The Sun of St. Moritz (1954)The Witch (1954)The Major and the Bulls(1955)Operation Sleeping Bag (1955)Love's Carnival (1955)The Marriage of Doctor Danwitz (1956)Between Time and Eternity (1956)That Won't Keep a Sailor Down (1958)Arena of Fear (1959)The Thousand Eyes ofDr. Mabuse (1960)The Count of Luxemburg (1972)Mathias Sandorf (1979, TV series)Die Wächter (1986, TV miniseries)Carmen on Ice (1990)Passage 3:Henri VerdunHenri Verdun (1895–1977) was a French composerof film scores.Selected filmographyNapoléon (1927)The Sweetness of Loving (1930)The Levy Department Stores (1932)The Lacquered Box (1932)The Weaker Sex (1933)The Flame (1936)Girls of Paris (1936)TheAssault (1936)Les Disparus de Saint-Agil (1938)The Woman Thief (1938)Ernest the Rebel (1938)Rail Pirates (1938)The Fatted Calf (1939)Camp Thirteen (1940)The Man Without a Name (1943)The Bellman (1945)MyFirst Love (1945)The Murderer is Not Guilty (1946)Distress (1946)The Fugitive (1947)The Ironmaster (1948)The Tragic Dolmen (1948)The Ladies in the Green Hats (1949)La Fugue de Monsieur Perle (1952)The Loversof Midnight (1953)The Big Flag (1954)Blood to the Head (1956)Passage 4:Amedeo EscobarAmedeo Escobar (1888–1973) was an Italian composer of film scores.Selected filmographyResurrection (1931)The Last of theBergeracs (1934)The Countess of Parma (1936)I've Lost My Husband! (1937)The Thrill of the Skies (1940)Macario Against Zagomar (1944)Toto Looks for a House (1949)Toto Looks for a Wife (1950)Beauties onBicycles (1951)Drama on the Tiber (1952)Passage 5:MithoonMithun Sharma (born 11 January 1985), also known as Mithoon, is an Indian Hindi film music director, lyricist-composer and singer.Mithoon composed theHindi song "Tum Hi Ho" from the 2013 Bollywood romantic film Aashiqui 2. Mithoon received the Filmfare Award for Best Music Director, and in 2014 received a nomination for Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist in the 59thFilmfare Awards. He wrote and composed one of the most streamed Hindi songs on YouTube, "Sanam Re". The song was honoured with the award of "Most Streamed Song of 2016" at the Global Indian Music AcademyAwards.Mithoon launched the talented singer Arijit Singh in 2011 with Mohammad Irfan Ali co-singer in his hit song Phir Mohabbat.Early lifeMithoon was born into a family of musicians. His grandfather, Pandit RamPrasad Sharma, imparted music knowledge to thousands of aspirants, many of whom are amongst today's top musicians. His father, Naresh Sharma, was a leading expert of musical arrangements, having worked withalmost all of the top composers in more than two hundred movies. Mithoon's father and his uncle Pyarelal-ji (Pyarelal Ramprasad Sharma) formed one-half of the legendary composer duo Laxmikant-Pyarelal.Mithoonstarted learning music at the age of eleven. Since his father remained busy, he sent him to knowledgeable people to train himself. His father observed him closely and would often notice what he was practicing. Hisfather often listened to the tunes that he created as well. On 6 November 2022, he married playback singer Palak Muchhal.CareerMithoon began his career with two recreations: "Woh Lamhe" in Zeher and "Aadat" inKalyug. In 2006, Mithoon's friend recommended his name to Onir, (director of Bas Ek Pal), who wanted an electro-based title track. This led to his first original song as a composer, "Bas Ek Pal" with singer KK, and wasfollowed by "Tere Bin" (by singer Atif Aslam) in 2006. Both songs were included in the film Bas Ek Pal. .He wrote the score for Anwar, released in 2007 and his compositions Tose Naina Lage and Maula Mere are stillextremely popular.He also worked as a guest composer for songs on several nonmovie albums, such as "Kuch Is Tarah" from Atif Aslam's album Doorie, and Abhijeet Sawant's and "Ek Shaqs" from the Abhijeet Sawantalbum Junoon. He released his own album, Tu Hi Mere Rab Ki Tarah Hai in 2009 with T-Series. For this album, Mithoon traveled to the United Kingdom to rope in musicians. There, he worked with musicians of thePhilharmonic Orchestra.In 2011 he composed two songs "Aye Khuda", "Phir Mohabbat" for the film Murder 2  which also marked the debut of Arijit Singh.The song "Tum Hi Ho" which he wrote for Aashiqui 2, and "Osaathi" from the movie Shab became popular. He has also been a solo or guest composer for movies such as , Jism 2,Yaariyan, Ek Villain, Hate Story 2, Creature 3D, Samrat & Co, Alone, Hamari Adhuri Kahani, BhaagJohnny, All Is Well, Loveshhuda, Sanam Re, Ki & Ka, Shivaay, Wajah Tum Ho, Half Girlfriend, Shab, Aksar 2, Hate Story 4, Baaghi 2, Kabir Singh, Mercury, Khuda Haafiz, Radhe Shyam and Gadar 2.BollywooddiscographyAlbumsSinglesAwards and nominationsList of awards and nominations received by MithoonAsiavision AwardsBIG Star Entertainment AwardsFilmfare AwardsGlobal Indian Music Academy AwardsInternationalIndian Film Academy AwardsMirchi Music AwardsProducers Guild Film AwardsScreen AwardsStardust AwardsZee Cine AwardsGaana User's Choice Awards – Best Music Composer (for "Phir Bhi Tumko Chaahunga") –WonBollywood Journalist Awards – Best Music Director (for "Phir Bhi Tumko Chaahunga") – NominatedPassage 6:Tarcisio FuscoTarcisio Fusco was an Italian composer of film scores. He was the brother of the composerGiovanni Fusco and the uncle of operatic soprano Cecilia Fusco.Selected filmographyBoccaccio (1940)Free Escape (1951)Abracadabra (1952)The Eternal Chain (1952)Beauties in Capri (1952)Milanese in Naples(1954)Conspiracy of the Borgias (1959)Passage 7:Abe MeyerAbe Meyer (1901–1969) was an American composer of film scores.Selected filmographyPainted Faces (1929)Honeymoon Lane (1931)Unholy Love (1932)AStrange Adventure (1932)Take the Stand (1934)Legong (1935)The Unwelcome Stranger (1935)Suicide Squad (1935)The Mine with the Iron Door (1936)The Devil on Horseback (1936)Song of the Trail (1936)CountyFair (1937)The 13th Man (1937)Raw Timber (1937)Roaring Timber (1937)The Law Commands (1937)The Painted Trail (1938)My Old Kentucky Home (1938)The Secret of Treasure Island (1938)Saleslady(1938)Numbered Woman  (1938)The Marines Are Here (1938)Fisherman's Wharf (1939)Undercover Agent (1939)Passage 8:Alonso MudarraAlonso Mudarra (c. 1510 – April 1, 1580) was a Spanish composer of theRenaissance, and also played the vihuela, a guitar-shaped string instrument.  He was an innovative composer of instrumental music as well as songs, and was the composer of the earliest surviving music for theguitar.BiographyThe place of his birth is not recorded, but he grew up in Guadalajara, and probably received his musical training there.  He most likely went to Italy in 1529 with Charles V, in the company of the fourthDuke of the Infantado, Íñigo López de Mendoza, marqués de Santillana.  When he returned to Spain he became a priest, receiving the post of canon at the cathedral in Seville in 1546, where he remained for the rest ofhis life.  While at the cathedral, he directed all of the musical activities; many records remain of his musical activities there, which included hiring instrumentalists, buying and assembling a new organ, and workingclosely with composer Francisco Guerrero for various festivities.  Mudarra died in Seville, and his sizable fortune was distributed to the poor of the city according to his will.Mudarra wrote numerous pieces for the vihuelaand the four-course guitar, all contained in the collection Tres libros de musica en cifras para vihuela ("Three books of music in numbers for vihuela"), which he published on December 7, 1546 in Seville.  These threebooks contain the first music ever published for the four-course guitar, which was then a relatively new instrument. The second book is noteworthy in that it contains eight multi-movement works, all arranged by "tono",or mode.Compositions represented in this publication include fantasias, variations (including a set on La Folia), tientos, pavanes and galliards, and songs. Modern listeners are probably most familiar with his Fantasia X,which has been a concert and recording mainstay for many years.   The songs are in Latin, Spanish and Italian, and include romances, canciones (songs), villancicos, (popular songs) and sonetos (sonnets).  Anotherinnovation was the use of different signs for different tempos:  slow, medium, and fast.References and further readingJohn Griffiths: "Alonso Mudarra", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed March 24, 2005),(subscription access)Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance.  New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954.  ISBN 0-393-09530-4Guitar Music of the Sixteenth Century, Mel Bay Publications (transcribed by Keith Calmes)TheEight Masterpieces of Alonso Mudarra, Mel Bay Publications (transcribed by Keith Calmes)Fantasia VI in hypermedia (Shockwave Player required) at the BinAural Collaborative HypertextJacob Heringman and CatherineKing: "Alonso Mudarra songs and solos". Magnatune.com (http://www.magnatune.com/artists/albums/heringman-mudarra/hifi_play)External linksFree scores by Alonso Mudarra in the Choral Public Domain Library(ChoralWiki)Free scores by Alonso Mudarra at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)Passage 9:Thomas MorseThomas Morse (born June 30, 1968) is a composer of film and concert music.Life andcomposing careerHe began his musical career while in high school, writing his first orchestral work. After receiving a bachelor's degree in composition from the University of North Texas, Morse began a compositionmaster's degree at USC in Los Angeles, changing over to the film scoring program in the second year.In the years that followed, Morse composed orchestral scores for more than a dozen feature films including The BigBrass Ring, based on an Orson Welles script, with William Hurt & Miranda Richardson who received a Golden Globe nomination for her performance; The Sisters (Maria Bello & Elizabeth Banks); and The Apostate (withDennis Hopper), as well as the noted orchestral score for Jerry Bruckheimer's CBS series The Amazing Race.Working parallel in the field of popular music, he created string arrangements on songs for numerous artistsincluding a posthumous Michael Hutchence release entitled Possibilities.In 2013 he signed a worldwide publishing agreement with Music Sales Group in New York, parent company of G. Schirmer.Notable music for filmand televisionNotable music for film and television:2014 Come Back to Me2005 The Sisters2001-2005 The Amazing Race (69 Episodes)2001 Lying in Wait2000 The Apostate1999 The Big Brass RingOpera2017 FrauSchindlerOther works2013 Code Novus (album)Passage 10:ShivaayShivaay is a 2016 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed and produced by Ajay Devgn under his banner Ajay Devgn FFilms from a storywritten by Sandeep Shrivastava. The film stars Ajay Devgn in the titular role along with debutante actresses Sayyeshaa, Abigail Eames and Erika Kaar in lead roles. Mithoon composed the film's score and soundtrack.British band The Vamps and composer Jasleen Royal also contributed to the music.Shivaay was released on 28 October 2016 on the Diwali weekend. It ran for more than 50 days at the box office. It won the 64thNational Film Award for Best Special Effects in 2017. The film was screened at the 2017 Shanghai International Film Festival on 17 June 2017.PlotShivaay is a skilled mountaineer who makes a living by providing treksand climbing expeditions to tourists. One day, Shivaay saves Olga from an avalanche and they eventually fall in love. Olga becomes pregnant, but doesn't want the child. Shivaay begs her to give him the child, afterwhich he will not stop her. 9 years later, Shivaay leads a happy life with his mute daughter Gaura until she discovers that Olga is still alive and in Bulgaria. Gaura insists Shivaay to take her to Bulgaria. Despite his oldsorrows, Shivaay finally agrees to take her to Bulgaria, where he saves a young child from child traffickers. Shivaay seeks the Indian embassy's help in tracing Olga and is assigned to Anushka. Led by crime baronUstinov and his right-hand man Changez, the traffickers kidnap Gaura. Shivaay chases the van, destroying various cars, but loses the van and is arrested by the Bulgarian police, charged with murder and trafficking.While in the police van, Shivaay imagines the officers in the van to be the same masked traffickers, where he attacks them, throwing out every single officer. The van accidentally falls off a dam and the police think thatShivaay is dead, but Shivaay escapes by jumping from the van due to his skills and survives. Shivaay brings one of the saved prostitutes from a brothel to Anushka's home to help her out. Anushka, who misunderstoodShivaay earlier, agrees to help him. Having seen the television coverage of Shivaay, Olga joins him, where they seek Wahab's help to recover the CCTV footage of Shivaay's various chases. Ustinov's henchmanIvanovich arrives there and is beaten badly, where he reveals Ustinov's location. Shivaay discovers that Gaura has been taken away to be sold into the flesh trade. Shivaay chases after the transport van carrying hisdaughter off to Romania. A prolonged and vicious fight ensues as Changez, now revealed to be Captain Nikolai of the Bulgarian Police, attacks Shivaay, but gets killed by the latter. Gaura is reunited with Olga, who isnow married to a wealthy Bulgarian and can provide Gaura with every comfort. Shivaay doesn't want to lose Gaura, where he heavy-heartedly leaves for the airport. However, Gaura arrives and requests not to leaveher, where they unite.CastAjay Devgn as Shivaay, a tourist guide, mountaineer and Gaura's fatherSayyeshaa as Anushka, a budding IFS officer at the Indian embassy in Sofia, BulgariaErika Kaar as Olga, Shivaay'sformer lover and the mother of GauraAbigail Eames as Gaura (Maharishi Gaura), Shivaay's young daughter with his former lover, OlgaVir Das as Wahab, an expert computer hacker who has a crush on AnushkaGirishKarnad as Anushka's fatherMarkus Ertelt as Changez/Sgt. NikolaiSaurabh Shukla as Sharma, Anushka's boss in the Indian embassy in Sofia, BulgariaBijou Thaangjam as Kancha, Shivaay's friendProductionThe shootingof the film started in November 2014, with the majority shot in Mussoorie, Bulgaria and Hyderabad.ReleaseShivaay released on 28 October 2016. It released internationally in 60 countries including Germany, France,Italy, Austria, Switzerland, Denmark, and Chile. However, the film was not released in Pakistan.The film's runtime was later reduced by 19 minutes, and the new trimmed version was released in cinemas.Piracy issueOn27 October 2016, The Indian Express published that self-proclaimed film critic Kamaal R Khan had uploaded the opening sequence of the film on Twitter, which he shot in a theater in Dubai. Devgn, the producer, wasquoted saying that he would take legal action against Khan.ReceptionCritical receptionBollywood Hungama gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Shivaay is a perfect emotional thriller that scores high on the account of itsbreathtaking visuals, amazing action and a high octane performance". Dainik Jagran rated 3.5 out of 5 stars and describes it as "full of emotion and action." Renuka Vyavahare of The Times of India gave 3 out of 5 starsand wrote "Overall, Ajay is unstoppable in Shivaay but you wish he wasn’t! Laced with visual excellence, you applaud his film’s larger than life canvas but despite the efforts, his second directorial venture fails to engageyou emotionally." Mumbai Mirror also rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and states that the film "scores fairly on most accounts." Bollywood Life rated 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "Ajay Devgn's directorial is all about itsstunning visuals and breath taking action scenes." BookMyShow called the film a "perfect Diwali gift you can give yourself and your family this (Diwali) weekend."Rajeev Masand for News18 gave 2 out of 5 stars andwrote, "What Ajay Devgan the star deserved, was a sharper director and a better script. In the end, there's little else to Shivaay than the eye-watering locations (both in the Himalayas and in Bulgaria), and occasionallypoignant moments between Devgan and the little girl who plays his daughter. Everything else is noise. Way too much noise."Namrata Joshi of The Hindu commented that the movie moves too slow, and "turns outalmost three hours long with just a wisp of a story." Anna MM Vetticad of Firstpost described it as a heavy-handed, over-stretched film. Ananya Bhattacharya of India Today gave 1.5 out of 5 stars and praised thecinematography but criticized the writing. Raja Sen of Rediff gave the film 1 out 5, calling it an "absolute catastrophe". Shubhra Gupta of The Indian Express gave 1 out of 5 stars and wrote "The only thing your eye canrest on is the spectacular scenery. The rest is a bloated star vehicle."Box officeThe four-week worldwide grossing of film was between 1.24 billion (US$16 million) and 1.46 billion (US$18 million).IndiaShivaay wasreleased alongside Ranbir Kapoor's Ae Dil Hai Mushkil and collected 102.4 million from India on its opening day, which was less than Ae Dil Hai Mushkil's 13.30 crore domestic first day. Shivaay grossed more than 1.39 billion.OverseasThe film collected 47.4 million (US$590,000) from North America (USA and Canada), 7.8 million (US$98,000) from UK, 9.5 million (US$120,000) from Australia, 4.4 million (US$55,000)from New Zealand and 300,000 (US$3,800) from Malaysia.SoundtrackShivaay's soundtrack was composed by Mithoon with a guest vocal appearance by the British pop-rock band The Vamps. The lyrics were pennedby Sayeed Quadri and Sandeep Shrivastava.On 11 September 2016 the title track, "Bolo Har Har Har", was released, sung by Mithoon, Mohit Chauhan, Sukhwinder Singh, Badshah, Megha Sriram Dalton, and Anugrah.The second song, "Darkhaast", was released on 22 September 2016, and featured vocals by Arijit Singh and Sunidhi Chauhan.All music rights of Shivaay were acquired by T-Series.Track listingAwardsGameAn officialgame based on this film has been released by Zapak Mobile Games Pvt. Ltd, for Android mobile phone users.


Passage 1:Adolf I of LotharingiaAdolf I of Lotharingia, count of Keldachgau, Vogt of Deutz from 1008 until 1018, was the son of Hermann I "Pusillus" (the Little Pfalzgraf), count palatine of Lotharingia. He left threesons:Hermann III, Vogt of Deutz in St. Severin (Cologne) und Werden (died 1056);Adolf II of Lotharingia, count of Keldachgau, Vogt of Deutz (born 1002, died 1041);Erenfried, Probst of St. Severin.Passage 2:Henry ofLaachHenry of Laach (in German: Heinrich von Laach) was the first count palatine of the Rhine (1085/1087–1095). Henry was the son of Herman I, count of Gleiberg. Henry was a follower of Henry IV, Holy RomanEmperor. He had lands in the southeastern Eifel and on the Moselle River.Most of the holdings of Hermann II, Count Palatine fell back to the emperor, when Hermann died without successor. The emperor named Henrycount palatine of the Rhine and during the emperor's trip to Italy tasked Henry to hold interim judicial councils. Henry married Herman's widow, Adelaide of Weimar-Orlamünde (d. 1100). From this marriage, Henry mayhave taken control over some of her holdings along the Moselle. As a consequence, the geographic center of the palatinate moved towards the south.With his wife, Adelaide, Henry founded the Maria Laach Abbey. Hewas succeeded by his stepson, Siegfried of Ballenstedt.Passage 3:Hermann II, Count Palatine of LotharingiaHermann II (born 1049; died Dalhem, 20 September 1085), Count Palatine of Lotharingia 1064–1085. He wascount in the Ruhrgau and the Zulpichgau, as well as a count of Brabant.LifeAccording to Egon Kimpen he was the son of Henry I of Lotharingia († 1061) and Mathild of Verdun († 1060), daughter of Gozelo I ofLotharingia, but the basis for this has been questioned. However, if that is the case, his maternal uncle was Pope Stephen IX. Until 1064, young Hermann was under the guardianship of Anno II, Archbishop of Cologne,who significantly reduced Hermann's territorial power.In 1080 he married Adelaide of Weimar-Orlamünde († 1100), widow of Adalbert II, Count of Ballenstedt. She was a daughter of Otto of Orlamünde, count of Weimarand margrave of Meissen in Thuringia, and Adela of Brabant. Together they had two children who had died by 1085.He is assumed to have been the last Count Palatine of Lotharingia of the Ezzonian dynasty. He waskilled in a duel with Albert III, Count of Namur, near his castle in Dalhem. His widow married again, her third husband being Henry of Laach, count in the Mayfeldgau, who became the first count palatine of the Rhinebetween 1085 and 1087.Passage 4:John Christian, Count Palatine of SulzbachJohn Christian (23 January 1700 – 20 July 1733; in German: Johann Christian Joseph) was the Count Palatine of Sulzbach from 1732–33. Hewas the second and youngest surviving son of duke Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (1659–1732) with his consort Eleonore Maria Amalia of Hesse-Rotenburg (1675–1720). His elder brother was JosephCharles, Count Palatine of Sulzbach.LifeAfter the death of his elder brother Joseph Charles, John Christian Joseph became the eventual designated heir of the Electoral Palatine. In 1732 he succeeded his father as CountPalatine of Sulzbach, but died in Sulzbach in 1733 before inheriting the Palatinate.Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine, a member of the Palatine Neuburg line of Wittelsbach failed to produce a legitimate male heir, and hisbrothers also. By 1716 it was evident that the Neuburg line would become extinct and that the Sulzbach branch would succeed them.MarriageHe married twice:Marie Anne Henriëtte Leopoldine de La Tour d'Auvergne(24 October 1708 – 28 July 1728), daughter of Francois Egon de la Tour d'Auvergne, Prince of Auvergne, and had the following children:Charles Theodore (11 December 1724 – 16 February 1799); became ElectorPalatine in 1742, and Elector of Bavaria in 1777Maria Anne (30 May 1728 – 25 June 1728)Eleonore Philippina Christina Sophia of Hesse-Rotenburg  (1712-1759); married on 1731 but had no issue.== Ancestry==Passage 5:Philip William August, Count Palatine of NeuburgPhilip William August, Count Palatine of Neuburg (born 19 November 1668 in Neuburg an der Donau; died: 5 April 1693 in Zákupy (German: Reichstadt))was a  Prince and Count Palatine of Neuburg.LifePhilip William August was the 13th from a total of 17 children of Elector Palatine Philip William (1615-1690) from his second marriage to Elisabeth Amalie (1635-1709), adaughter of Landgrave George II of Hesse-Darmstadt.His oldest sister, Eleonor Magdalene married Emperor Leopold I in 1676.  In August 1689, after he had visited his brother in Breslau and his sister in Vienna, PhilipWilliam began his Grand Tour to Italy.Philip William August chose a secular career and entered into active military service.  He died at the age of 24 after suffering for seven days from a "malignant fever" and was buriedin the parish church of Zákupy.  His heart lies in the Court Church in Neuburg on the Danube.Marriage and issueHe married on 29 October 1690 in Raudnitz Anna Maria Franziska (1672–1741), a daughter of Duke JuliusFrancis of Saxe-Lauenburg.  The wedding ceremony, which had to be postponed due to the illness and death of Philip William August's father, was carried out "plainly".  His marriage brought Philipp Wilhelm August thefollowing children:Leopoldine Eleanor (1691–1693).Maria Anna Carolina (1693–1751), married in 1719 Prince Ferdinand of Bavaria (1699–1738).AncestryPassage 6:Henry I, Count Palatine of LotharingiaHenry I(German: Heinrich; d.1061), was Count Palatine of Lotharingia from 1045 until 1060. He was the son of Hezzelin I, Count in Zülpichgau, and a member of the Ezzonid dynasty. Historians have given several nicknamesto Heinrich: Furiosus (the Violent/the Insane), because he murdered his wife, and Monachus (the Monk), because he was confined into an abbey to treat his insanity.LifeHenry was the son of Hezzelin I and his unnamedwife, who was probably a daughter of  Conrad I of Carinthia.Around 1048 Henry married Mathilda of Verdun (born abt 1025, died 27 July 1060), daughter of Duke Gozelo of Lotharingia, and sister of pope Stephen IX.Hereceived the Mosellan castle of Cochem from his niece, Queen Richeza of Poland. He was elected as successor for the German kingdom during Emperor Henry III's illness.Shortly after 1058, Henry began to show signsof insanity, for which he was confined to the abbey of Gorze. He escaped however, and thinking that his wife Matilda had been unfaithful to him, he killed her (27 July 1060). Henry then was definitely enclosed into theabbey of Echternach, where he died in 1061. His office and counties were confiscated by Anno II, archbishop of Cologne, who became the guardian of their only son, the later count palatine Hermann II(1064-1085).Passage 7:Rudolph II, Count Palatine of TübingenRudolph II, Count Palatine of Tübingen (died 1 November 1247) was Count Palatine of Tübingen and Vogt of Sindelfingen.  He was the younger son ofRudolph I and his wife Matilda of Gleiberg, heiress of Giessen.LifeRudolph II inherited the County Palatine of Tübingen when his elder brother Hugo III died in 1216.  From 1224 onwards, he is described as CountPalatine in many imperial documents, while his younger brother William is merely styled as Count.  Rudolph II supported Bebenhausen Abbey, which his parents had founded. Next to his father, Rudolph II is the secondmost mentioned Count Palatine of Tübingen in imperial documents, mostly in documents by King Henry (VII) of Germany, the son of Emperor Frederick II, who had been elected King of Germany in 1220, at the age of8.  Frederick II spent much of his time in Italy, leaving his ancestral Swabia in the hands of his son.  Later, in 1232, Henry revolted against his father, and did everything in his power to win the Swabian nobility over tohis side.  Rudolph II appears to have been among the noblemen who sided with Henry VII, at least, he is mentioned in 10 different documents of Henry VII and never by Frederick II.  Considering Rudolph's energeticcharacter, one can assume that he intended to use the conflict between Henry VII and Frederick II to expand his own power and aim at an independent position.Swabian noblemen, including Rudolph II and his brotherWilliam, Count Hartmann I of Württemberg and a Count of Dillingen, visited Henry VII in Worms on 8 January 1224.  They met Margrave Herman V of Baden was also present, as was Eberhard, Sénéchal of Waldburgand councillor and former guardian of Henry VII in Oppenheim on 5 April 1227 and in Hagenau on 1 May.  In the same year, Rudolph met Duke Louis I of Bavaria, who was an imperial vicar and Conrad of Winterstetten,who was imperial cup-bearer and also a councilor of Henry VII.  He met the Lords of Neuffen and the imperial marshal Anselm of Justingen in Ulm on 23 February 1228.  On 31 August 1228, Rudolph II appears,together with Margrave Herman V of Baden, Count Henry of Wirtemberg, a Count of Dillingen, Conrad of Weinsperg and the councillors mentioned above, as witnesses of a deed in which King henry VII confirms theprivileges of Adelber Abbey in Esslingen.  Later that year, Rudolph II appeared as a witness in four deed by Duke Louis I of Bavaria and Bishop Ekbert of Bamberg, together with, among others, Margrave Herman V ofBaden, Count Ulrich and Eberhard of Helfenstein, Counts Eberhard and Otto of Eberstein, Count Gottfried of Hohenlohe, and two councilors.Rudolph II stood at the head of a delegation of eight Swabian counts, amongthem Albert IV of Habsburg, Frederick IV of Zollern and a Count of Eberstein, at the Imperial Diet in Worms on 29 April 1231.  On 22 November 1231, Rudolph II and his brother William met Counts Albert of Rottenburg,Ulrich of Hefenstein and Eberhard of Walpurg at Henry VII's castle in Ulm.  On 31 December 1231, Rudolph witnessed a deed benefiting Neresheim Abbey in Wimpfen, together with Duke Conrad I of Teck and MargraveHermann V of Baden.  The last time Rudolph II witnessed a deed of Henry VII was on 4 June 1233 in Esslingen, again with his brother William.In 1235, Pope Gregory IX called on the princes of the empire to organize anew crusade into the Holy Land, to render assistance to the beleaguered church there.  Rudolph II is the only Swabian nobleman named in this call to arms; whether he actually went to the Holy Land is unknown.  Thefact that he is not mentioned in any deed between 1235 and 1243 suggests that he may have been absent for an extended period.  In particular, no mention is made of his position in the struggle between King ConradIV of Germany and anti-King Henry Raspe IV, which is remarkable, since this struggle took place mainly in Swabia.  However, a deed in favour of Bebenhausen Abbey which the papal legate made at Rudolph II'srequest in the army camp outside Ulm on 28 January 1247, suggests that he supported Henry Raspe.FamilyThe name of Rudolph II's wife has not been preserved.  She was a daughter of a Margrave Henry from theHouse of Ronsberg and Udilhild of Gammertingen. They had the following children:Hugo IV, Count Palatine of TübingenRudolf III of Scheer (d. 12 May 1277), Count of Tübingen-HerrenbergUlrichMathilda, marriedBurchard II, Count of Hohenberg (d. 14 July 1253, struck by lightning).  Their daughter Gertrude Anna (c. 1225 – 16 February 1281) married Emperor Rudolf I, the first Emperor from the House of Habsburg.==Footnotes ==Passage 8:Reichard, Count Palatine of Simmern-SponheimReichard (25 July 1521 – 13 January 1598) was the Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim from 1569 until 1598.Reichard was born in Simmern in1521 to Johann II, Count Palatine of Simmern. In 1569 he succeeded his brother Georg as Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim. Reichard died in Simmern in 1598. Without any surviving children, Simmern-Sponheimwas inherited by his great-nephew Frederick IV.MarriageReichard married Juliane of Wied (c. 1545 - 30 April 1575, daughter of Count Johann IV of Wied, on 30 July 1569 and had several children:Juliana (21 November1571 – 4 February 1592)Katherine (10 May 1573 – 12 October 1576)unnamed son (1574)unnamed son (30 April 1575)Reichard married Emilie of Württemberg (19 August 1550 - 4 June 1589), daughter of Christoph,Duke of Württemberg, on 26 March 1578.Reichard married Anne Margaret of Palatinate-Veldenz (17 January 1571 - 1 November 1621), daughter of Count Palatine Georg Johann I, on 14 December 1589.Passage9:Sabina, Duchess of BavariaSabina, Duchess of Bavaria (1528–1578) was the daughter of John II, Count Palatine of Simmern and Beatrix of Baden.MarriageIn 1544 she married Lamoral, Count of Egmont with whomshe had twelve children. When her husband was arrested and accused of treason in 1567, she wrote king Philip II, the king of Spain, a letter to plead for his release. It was to no avail and he was decapitated in thefollowing year. Sabina was buried in Egmont's crypt in Zottegem.ChildrenCharles, 7th Count of Egmont, Prince de Gavre: married to Marie de Lens,  Lady of Aubigny.WidowhoodAfter her death in 1578, she was buriednext to her husband in Zottegem.Passage 10:Otto I, Count Palatine of MosbachOtto I (24 August 1390 – 5 July 1461) was the Count Palatine of Mosbach from 1410 until 1448, and the Count Palatine ofMosbach-Neumarkt from 1448 until 1461.LifeOtto was born in Mosbach in 1390 as the youngest son of Rupert III of the Palatinate, King of Germany. In 1410 after the death of his father, the territories of the Palatinatewere divided between his four sons; Otto received the territory around Mosbach and Eberbach. He made Mosbach his capital and began the construction of a new residence there. Otto became the regent of theElectorate of the Palatinate and guardian of his nephew Louis IV after his brother Louis III returned from a pilgrimage to Jerusalem seriously ill and died soon after. He held the regency until 1442.In 1448 he inheritedhalf of the territory of the extinct Palatinate-Neumarkt line and purchased the other half from his brother Stephen, and he also established a residence in Neumarkt. Otto died in Reichenbach in 1461 and was buried inthe Benedictine Reichenbach Abbey.MarriageOtto married Joanna of Bavaria-Landshut (1413 - 20 July 1444), daughter of duke Henry XVI in January 1430 and had the following children:Margaret (2 March 1432 - 14September 1457)Amalie (22 February 1433 - 5 December 1488)Otto (26 June 1435 - 8 April 1499)Rupert (25 November 1437 - 1 November 1465)Dorothea (24 August 1439 - 15 May 1482) Prioress in the LiebenaumonasteryAlbert (6 September 1440 -  20 August 1506)Anne (1441 - ?) Prioress in the Himmelskron monasteryJohn (1 August 1443 - 4 October 1486)Barbara (July 1444 - ?) Nun in the Liebenau monastery nearWorms