Passage 1:Nancy BaronNancy Baron is an American rock singer who was active in New York City in the early 1960s, known for the singles "Where Did My Jimmy Go?" and "I've Got A Feeling".Early lifeBorn into a familyof singers and writers, Baron was introduced to many musical genres by her family at an early age. Noting her singing talents, her parents brought their young child to auditions for musical theater productions in NewYork City. The singer joined Glee clubs at school and formed her own female singing groups at school. At the age of 11, she heard her first "Rock and Roll" song. This affected her taste in music and desire to emulate thestyle; it was the first time she heard a Rock group with a female lead singer. This was significant since she realized that she could be a lead singer.Recording careerAt the age of 15, her parents sent her for vocalcoaching in Manhattan, N.Y. After a while her coach sent her to record a demonstration record in a sound studio near Broadway. Upon hearing her sing, the sound engineer contacted his friend who was a producer of asmall record company in N.Y.C.; he was impressed by her voice and immediately signed her to a contract. The singer's mother co-signed the document since Baron was a fifteen-year-old minor at the time.Baronbecame one of the many girl group/girl sound singers of the early 1960s. Baron was not a member of a group; her producers would hire "pay for hire" backup groups for her recordings. This "sound" as it is referred tohad much to do with Phil Spector, one of its major creators; Spector produced recordings of this genre prolifically. The groups were composed of young adult or teenage girls, each with a lead singer and any number ofback up singers.At the time, the troubled label (a small N.Y.C. record company owned by Wally Zober) could not promote Baron's "I've Got A Feeling"/"Oh Yeah" 45 vinyl and so she eventually signed a contract withJerry Goldstein producer of FGG productions, also located in Manhattan. "Where Did My Jimmy Go"/"Tra la la, I Love You" was the result (Diamond).Later lifeBaron left the music industry at the age of 19, choosing toenter higher education due to changes in the music industry of those days; she eventually received an advanced degree.Baron's "I've Got a Feeling" was covered by The Secret Sisters on their 2010 self-titled album aswell as being released as a single. AllMusic describes Baron's song as "an early-'60s pop/rock obscurity".Passage 2:Elizabeth Brooke (1503–1560)Elizabeth Brooke, Lady Wyatt (1503–1560) was the wife of Sir ThomasWyatt, the poet, and the mother of Thomas Wyatt the younger who led Wyatt's Rebellion against Mary I. Her parents were Thomas Brooke, 8th Baron Cobham and Dorothy Heydon, the daughter of Sir HenryHeydon.  She was the sister of George Brooke, 9th Baron Cobham and was considered a possible candidate for the sixth wife of Henry VIII of England.Marriage and issueElizabeth married twice.First MarriageIn 1520,Elizabeth married Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503 – 6 October 1542) and a year later, bore him a son:Sir Thomas (1521–1554), who led an unsuccessful rebellion against Mary I in 1554. The aim of the rebellion was to replacethe Catholic Queen Mary with her Protestant half-sister, Elizabeth.Early in the marriage, marital difficulties arose, with Wyatt claiming they were  'chiefly'  her fault. He repudiated her as an adulteress, although there isno record linking her with any specific man. Elizabeth separated from Thomas Wyatt in 1526 and he supported her until around 1537, when he refused to do so any longer and sent her to live with her brother, LordCobham. In that same year, Lord Cobham attempted to force Wyatt to continue his financial support. He refused. It wasn't until 1541, when Wyatt, accused of treason, was arrested and his properties confiscated, thatthe Brooke family was able to force a reconciliation as a condition for Wyatt’s pardon.In a letter to Charles V, the imperial ambassador, Eustace Chapuys wrote that Wyatt had been released from the Tower at therequest of Catherine Howard. Chapuys noted that the king had imposed two conditions; that Wyatt  'confess his guilt'  and that  'he should take back his wife from whom he had been separated upwards of 15 years, onpain of death if he be untrue to her henceforth.'  There is no evidence that this provision was ever enforced or existed. After pursuing Anne Boleyn, before her relationship with the King, Wyatt had begun a long-termaffair with Elizabeth Darrell and he continued his association with his mistress.On 14 February 1542, the night after Catherine Howard had been condemned to death for adultery, Henry VIII held a dinner for many menand women. The king was said to have paid great attention to Elizabeth and to Anne Basset and both were thought to be possible choices for his sixth wife. In early 1542, more than a year before Wyatt’s death,Elizabeth Brooke's name appeared in Spanish dispatches as one of three ladies in whom Henry VIII was said to be interested as a possible sixth wife.The imperial ambassador, Chapuys, wrote that the lady for whom theking "showed the greatest regard was a sister of Lord Cobham, whom Wyatt, some time ago, divorced for adultery. She is a pretty young creature, with wit enough to do as badly as the others if she were to try." Itwould appear that the ambassador was mistaken, as at the time, Elizabeth Brooke was nearly forty years old. Perhaps Elizabeth Brooke had been confused with her beautiful young niece, Elisabeth Brooke, the eldestdaughter of George Brooke, 9th Baron Cobham, who married William Parr, 1st Marquess of Northampton. Elisabeth Brooke, Lord Cobham’s daughter, may have been at court on this occasion, since she was definitelythere the following year. She would have been nearly sixteen in January 1542 and in later years was accounted one of the most beautiful women of her time. More important to a king who had just rid himself of a wife(Catherine Howard) who had committed adultery, this second  Elisabeth had a spotless reputation.Second marriageFollowing Wyatt’s death, Elizabeth Brooke married Sir Edward Warner (1511–1565), of Polstead Halland Plumstead, Norfolk,  Lord Lieutenant of the Tower. The couple had three sons:Edward, who died in infancyThomasHenryWarner was removed from his position on July 28, 1553, at the start of the reign of Mary I,and was arrested on suspicion of treason the following January at his house in Carter Lane when Thomas Wyatt the younger rebelled against the Crown. Warner was held for nearly a year. Elizabeth’s son was executed.Edward, the son she had with Warner, died young. Two other sons died in infancy. The family fortunes were restored under Elizabeth I and Warner reclaimed his post at the Tower of London. His wife died there inAugust 1560 and was buried within its precincts.AncestryPassage 3:Elizabeth JocelinElizabeth Brooke Jocelin (sometimes spelled "Joceline" or "Joscelin") was an English writer believed to have lived from 1595–1622.She is best known for her work The Mother's Legacy to her Vnborn Child. The book was first published two years after Jocelin's death in childbirth.Early lifeShe was the daughter of Sir Richard Brooke of Norton,Cheshire, and his wife Joan, daughter of William Chaderton, bishop of Lincoln. Her parents separated, and her mother returned home. Jocelin's grandfather, Bishop Chaderton, was mainly responsible for her upbringing.Elizabeth's childhood was therefore passed in the house of Bishop Chaderton, who educated her. She was extremely well versed in art, religion and language. According to her editor Thomas Goad, she had anexceptional memory.Later lifeIn 1616 she married Tourell Jocelin of Cambridgeshire. Foreboding her death in childbirth, she wrote a letter which gently but earnestly exhorted her son or daughter to piety and goodconduct; and a letter to her husband, giving him advice as to the bringing up of the child. These works are thought to have been written at Crowlands, Oakington. She bore a daughter on 12 October 1622, and died ninedays afterwards. The child, named Theodora, became the wife of Samuel Fortrey.The Jocelins appeared to lead a rather happy marriage, one that appeared to be mainly based on genuine love. In The Mother's Legacyto her Vnborn Child Jocelin writes of how excited she is to be carrying her husband's child and that they have been working together to plan the best possible life for their childJocelin is noted for being "one of the mostnotable young women of the times of James I”The LegacieThe Legacie was first published in 1624 with a long Approbation by Thomas Goad giving some account of Elizabeth Jocelin's life. The second edition is dated1624 and the third 1625. An exact reprint of the third edition, with an introduction by an anonymous Edinburgh editor, appeared in 1852. The edition printed at Oxford, 'for the satisfaction of the person of quality hereinconcerned,' in 1684, and reprinted at the end of C. H. Cranford's Sermons in 1840, is an altered one, the editor having made changes in religious matters. The manuscript of the Legacie is in the British Museum (Addit.MS. 27467). It is still somewhat contentious whether the manuscript is by Jocelin, and whether Goad's editorial work brought in substantive change in the content.Jocelin wrote The Mother’s Legacy to her Vnborn Childduring the Early Modern period when women were typically defined by their existence in the domestic sphere. Jocelin's work kept in line with the expectations of women during the period because of her clear dedicationto her position as a mother.One of the idiosyncratic things about the mother's advice text is Jocelin's choice of tone and word use to insure that whether her child is a boy or a girl he or she will be able to follow theadvice she leaves behind. There are clearly different expectations and techniques to raising a son or daughter and Jocelin makes sure to acknowledge these differences while leaving advice for both. For example, sheaddresses her daughter to respect, obey and be a good mother. Jocelin writes about her desire to protect her daughter “from a potentially difficult and uncomfortable way of life.” Jocelin has been criticised for herdifferent approaches to raising her child based on its gender. Much like women of her time Jocelin desired for her daughter to be acceptable to society even if it meant limiting her intelligence or unhappiness.One of thelargest parts of The Mother’s Legacy to her Vnborn Child is the religious advice that Jocelin offers to her unborn child. She urges the child to pray regularly, avoid temptations, acknowledge holy days and becharitable.The tone of the book is one filled with optimism and pride over becoming a new mother. Jocelin is clearly excited about meeting her child even though she seems to understand that birthing the child will be agreat risk to herself.Much of the books instruction is directed toward Jocelin's husband including how to properly select a wet nurse for their child if Elizabeth should die.Excerpts from The Mother's Legacy to her VnbornChild:“I desire her bringing up may bee learning the Bible, as my sisters doe, good housewifery, writing, and good works: other learning a woman needs not; though I admire it in those whom God hath blest withdescretion, yet I desired not much in my owne, having seene that sometimes women have greater portions of learning than wisdome, which is of no better use to them than a main saile to a flye-boat, which runs itunder water. But where learning and wisdom meet in a vertuous disposed woman she is the fittest closet for all goodnesse. She is like a well-balanced ship that may beare all her saile. She is, Indeed, I should butshame my selfe, if I should goe about to praise her more...Yet I leave it to thy will...If thou desirest a learned daughter, I pray God give her a wise and religious heart, that she may use it to his glory, thy comfort, andher own salvation.”“And if thou beest a daughter, thou maist perhaps thinke I have lost my labour; but reade on, and thou shalt see my love and care of thee and thy salvation is as great, as if thou wert a sonne, andmy feare greater”.Posthumous legacyElizabeth Jocelin is remembered as a dedicated mother and an iconic woman of her time because of her dedication to making sure her child was raised properly even after her death.The Mother's Legacy to her Vnborn Child is regarded as one of the most significant works of the time because of the intimate view it gives of the mindset, beliefs and ideals of women of the time.NotesPassage 4:ThomasWyatt (poet)Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503 – 11 October 1542) was a 16th-century English politician, ambassador, and lyric poet credited with introducing the sonnet to English literature. He was born at Allington Castle nearMaidstone in Kent, though the family was originally from Yorkshire. His family adopted the Lancastrian side in the Wars of the Roses. His mother was Anne Skinner, and his father Henry, who had earlier been imprisonedand tortured by Richard III, had been a Privy Councillor of Henry VII and remained a trusted adviser when Henry VIII ascended the throne in 1509. Thomas followed his father to court after his education at St John'sCollege, Cambridge. Entering the King's service, he was entrusted with many important diplomatic missions. In public life, his principal patron was Thomas Cromwell, after whose death he was recalled from abroad andimprisoned (1541). Though subsequently acquitted and released, shortly thereafter he died.  His poems were circulated at court and may have been published anonymously in the anthology The Court of Venus (earliestedition c. 1537) during his lifetime, but were not published under his name until after his death; the first major book to feature and attribute his verse was Tottel's Miscellany (1557), printed 15 years after hisdeath.Early lifeThomas Wyatt was born at Allington, Kent, in 1503, the son of Sir Henry Wyatt by Anne Skinner, the daughter of John Skinner of Reigate, Surrey. He had a brother Henry, assumed to have died an infant,and a sister, Margaret who married Sir Anthony Lee(died 1549) and was the mother of Queen Elizabeth's champion, Sir Henry Lee.Education and diplomatic careerWyatt was over six feet tall, reportedly both handsomeand physically strong. He was an ambassador in the service of Henry VIII, but he entered Henry's service in 1515 as "Sewer Extraordinary", and the same year he began studying at St John's College, Cambridge. Hisfather had been associated with Sir Thomas Boleyn as constable of Norwich Castle, and Wyatt was thus acquainted with Anne Boleyn.Following a diplomatic mission to Spain, in 1526, he accompanied Sir John Russell,1st Earl of Bedford, to Rome to help petition Pope Clement VII to annul Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon, freeing him to marry Anne Boleyn. Russell being incapacitated, Wyatt was also sent to negotiatewith the Republic of Venice.  According to some, Wyatt was captured by the armies of Emperor Charles V when they captured Rome and imprisoned the Pope in 1527, but he managed to escape and make it back toEngland.Between 1528 and 1530 Wyatt acted as high marshal at Calais. In the years following he continued in Henry's service; he was, however, imprisoned in the Tower of London for a month in 1536, perhapsbecause Henry hoped he would incriminate the queen. He was knighted in 1535 and appointed High Sheriff of Kent for 1536. At this time he was sent to Spain as ambassador to Charles V, who was offended by thedeclaration of Princess Mary's illegitimacy; he was her cousin and they had once been briefly betrothed. Although Wyatt was unsuccessful in his endeavours, and was accused of disloyalty by some of his colleagues, hewas protected by his relationship with Cromwell, at least during the latter's lifetime.Wyatt was elected knight of the shire (MP) for Kent in December 1541.Marriage and issueIn 1520 Wyatt married Elizabeth Brooke(1503–1560). A year later, they had a son Thomas (1521–1554) who led Wyatt's rebellion some twelve years after his father's death. In 1524, Henry VIII assigned Wyatt to be an ambassador at home and abroad, andhe separated from his wife soon after on grounds of adultery.Wyatt's poetry and influenceWyatt's professed object was to experiment with the English language, to civilise it, to raise its powers to equal those of otherEuropean languages. His poetry may be considered as a part of the Petrarchism movement within Renaissance literature. A significant amount of his literary output consists of translations and imitations of sonnets byItalian poet Petrarch; he also wrote sonnets of his own. He took subject matter from Petrarch's sonnets, but his rhyme schemes are significantly different. Petrarch's sonnets consist of an "octave" rhyming abba abba,followed by a "sestet" with various rhyme schemes. Wyatt employs the Petrarchan octave, but his most common sestet scheme is cddc ee. Wyatt experimented in stanza forms including the rondeau, epigrams, terzarima, ottava rima songs, and satires, as well as with monorime, triplets with refrains, quatrains with different length of line and rhyme schemes, quatrains with codas, and the French forms of douzaine and treizaine. Heintroduced the poulter's measure form, rhyming couplets composed of a 12-syllable iambic line (Alexandrine) followed by a 14-syllable iambic line (fourteener), and he is considered a master of the iambictetrameter.Wyatt's poetry reflects classical and Italian models, but he also admired the work of Geoffrey Chaucer, and his vocabulary reflects that of Chaucer; for example, he uses Chaucer's word newfangleness,meaning fickleness, in They Flee from Me. Many of his poems deal with the trials of romantic love and the devotion of the suitor to an unavailable or cruel mistress. Other poems are scathing, satirical indictments of thehypocrisies and pandering required of courtiers who are ambitious to advance at the Tudor court.Wyatt's poems are short but fairly numerous. His 96 love poems appeared posthumously (1557) in a compendium calledTottel's Miscellany. The most noteworthy are thirty-one sonnets, the first in English. Ten of them were translations from Petrarch, while all were written in the Petrarchan form, apart from the couplet ending which Wyattintroduced. Serious and reflective in tone, the sonnets show some stiffness of construction and a metrical uncertainty indicative of the difficulty Wyatt found in the new form. Yet their conciseness represents a greatadvance on the prolixity and uncouthness of much earlier poetry. Wyatt was also responsible for the important introduction of the personal note into English poetry, for although he followed his models closely, he wroteof his own experiences. His epigrams, songs, and rondeaux are lighter than the sonnets, and they reveal the care and the elegance typical of the new romanticism. His satires are composed in the Italian terza rima,again showing the direction of the innovating tendencies.AttributionThe Egerton Manuscript is an album containing Wyatt's personal selection of his poems and translations which preserves 123 texts, partly in hishandwriting. Tottel's Miscellany (1557) is the Elizabethan anthology which created Wyatt's posthumous reputation; it ascribes 96 poems to him, 33 not in the Egerton Manuscript. These 156 poems can be ascribed toWyatt with certainty on the basis of objective evidence. Another 129 poems have been ascribed to him purely on the basis of subjective editorial judgment. They are mostly derived from the Devonshire ManuscriptCollection and the Blage manuscript. Rebholz comments in his preface to Sir Thomas Wyatt, The Complete Poems, "The problem of determining which poems Wyatt wrote is as yet unsolved".AssessmentCritical opinionshave varied widely regarding Wyatt's work. Eighteenth-century critic Thomas Warton considered Wyatt "confessedly an inferior" to his contemporary Henry Howard, and felt that Wyatt's "genius was of the moral anddidactic species" but deemed him "the first polished English satirist". The 20th century saw an awakening in his popularity and a surge in critical attention. His poems were found praiseworthy by numerous poets,including Ezra Pound, Marianne Moore, John Berryman, Yvor Winters, Basil Bunting, Louis Zukofsky and George Oppen. C. S. Lewis called him "the father of the Drab Age" (i.e. the unornate), from what he calls the"golden" age of the 16th century. Patricia Thomson describes Wyatt as "the Father of English Poetry".Rumoured affair with Anne BoleynMany have conjectured that Wyatt fell in love with Anne Boleyn in the early- tomid-1520s. Their acquaintance is certain, but it is not certain whether the two shared a romantic relationship. George Gilfillan implies that Wyatt and Boleyn were romantically involved. In his verse, Wyatt calls hismistress Anna and might allude to events in her life:Gilfillan argues that these lines could refer to Anne's trip to France in 1532 prior to her marriage to Henry VIII and could imply that Wyatt was present, although his


Passage 1:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986)(mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild,Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)Passage 2:The Seventh Company OutdoorsThe Seventh Company Outdoors (French: La Septième Compagnie au clair de lune) is a1977 French comedy film directed by Robert Lamoureux. It is a sequel to Now Where Did the 7th Company Get to?.CastJean Lefebvre - PithivierPierre Mondy - ChaudardHenri Guybet - TassinPatricia Karim - SuzanneChaudardGérard Hérold - Le commandant GillesGérard Jugnot - GorgetonJean Carmet - M. Albert, le passeurAndré Pousse - LambertMichel BertoPassage 3:Now Where Did the 7th Company Get to?Now Where Did the7th Company Get To? (French: Mais où est donc passée la septième compagnie?) is a 1973 French-Italian comedy war film directed by Robert Lamoureux. The film portrays the adventures of a French Army squad lostsomewhere on the front in May 1940 during the Battle of France.PlotDuring the Battle of France, while German forces are spreading across the country, the 7th Transmission Company suffers an air raid near theMachecoul woods, but survive and hide in the woods. Captain Dumont, the company commander, sends Louis Chaudard, Pithiviers and Tassin to scout the area. After burying the radio cable beneath a sandy road, thesquad crosses the field, climbs a nearby hill, and takes position within a cemetery. One man cut down the wrong tree for camouflage, pulling up the radio cable and revealing it to the passing German infantry. TheGermans cut the cable, surround the woods, and order a puzzled 7th Company to surrender. The squad tries to contact the company, but then witness their capture and run away.Commanded by Staff SergeantChaudard, the unit stops in a wood for the night. Pithiviers is content to slow down and wait for the end of the campaign. The next day, he goes for a swim in the lake, in sight of possible German fighters. WhenChaudard and Tassin wake up, they leave the camp without their weapons to look for Pithiviers. Tassin finds him and gives an angry warning, but Pithiviers convinces Tassin to join him in the lake. Chaudard ordersthem to get out, but distracted by a rabbit, falls into the lake. While Chaudard teaches his men how to swim, two German fighter planes appear, forcing them out of the water. After shooting down one of the Germanplanes, a French pilot, Lieutenant Duvauchel, makes an emergency landing and escapes before his plane explodes. PFC Pithiviers, seeing the bad shape of one of his shoes, destroys what is left of his shoe sole. Tassin issent on patrol to get food and a new pair of shoes for Pithiviers. Tassin arrives in a farm, but only finds a dog, so he returns and Chaudard goes to the farm after nightfall. The farmer returns with her daughter-in-lawand Lt Duvauchel, and she welcomes Chaudard. Duvauchel, who is hiding behind the door, comes out upon hearing the news and decides to meet Chaudard's men.When Chaudard and Duvauchel return to the camp,Tassin and Pithiviers are roasting a rabbit they caught. Duvauchel realizes that Chaudard has been lying and takes command.The following day, the men leave the wood in early morning and capture a German armoredtow truck after killing its two drivers. They originally planned to abandon the truck and the two dead Germans in the woods, but instead realized that the truck is the best way to disguise themselves and free the 7thCompany. They put on the Germans' uniforms, recover another soldier of the 7th Company, who succeeded in escaping, and obtain resources from a collaborator who mistook them for Germans.On their way, theyencounter a National Gendarmerie patrol, who appear to be a 5th column. The patrol injures the newest member of their group, a young soldier, and then are killed by Tassin. In revenge, they destroy a German tankusing the tow truck's cannon gun.They planned to go to Paris but are misguided by their own colonel, but find the 7th Company with guards who are bringing them to Germany. Using their cover, they make the guardsrun in front of the truck, allowing the company to get away. When Captain Dumont joins his Chaudard, Tassin, and Pithiviers in the truck, who salute the German commander with a great smile.CastingJean Lefebvre :PFC PithiviersPierre Mondy : Staff Sergent Paul ChaudardAldo Maccione: PFC TassinRobert Lamoureux: Colonel BlanchetErik Colin: Lieutenant DuvauchelPierre Tornade: Captain DumontAlain Doutey: CarlierRobertDalban : The peasantJacques Marin: The collaborationistRobert Rollis: A French soldierProductionThe film's success spawned two sequels:– 1975 : On a retrouvé la septième compagnie (The Seventh Company Has BeenFound) by Robert Lamoureux;– 1977 : La Septième Compagnie au clair de lune (The Seventh Company Outdoors)) by Robert Lamoureux.The story is set in Machecoul woods, but it was actually filmed near Cerny andLa Ferté-Alais, as well as Jouars-Pontchartrain and Rochefort-en-Yvelines. The famous grocery scene was filmed in Bazoches-Sur-Guyonne.Robert Lamoureux based this film on his own personal experiences in June1940 during the war.The final scene with the parachute is based on a true story. The 58 Free French paratroopers were parachuted into Brittany in groups of three, on the night of 7 June 1944 to neutralize the railnetwork of Normandy Landings in Brittany, two days before.Box officeThe movie received a great success in France reaching the third best selling movie in 1974.NotesExternal linksMais où est donc passée la septièmecompagnie? at IMDbPassage 4:Dana BlanksteinDana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School. She was appointed by the board of directors  inNovember 2019.  Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television. She is a film director, and an Israeli culture entrepreneur.BiographyDana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 totheatre director Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein. She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv.Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with highhonors. During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina's Tragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners.  She also directed and shot 'the making of' film onGavison's film Lost and Found. Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival, 2007.Film and academic careerAfter her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and television departmentat the Kfar Saba municipality. The department encouraged and promoted productions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educational community activities.Blankstein directedthe mini-series "Tel Aviviot" (2012). From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television.In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed the new director of the Sam Spiegel Filmand Television School where she also oversees the Sam Spiegel International Film Lab. In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and the film preparatory program for Arabic speakers in eastJerusalem.FilmographyTel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)Camping (debut film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)Passage5:The Eagle's EyeThe Eagle's Eye is a 1918 American serial film consisting of 20 episodes that dramatizes German espionage in the United States during World War I. The stories are based on the experiences of WilliamJ. Flynn during his career as chief of the United States Secret Service from 1912–1917.It features King Baggot as the president of the Criminology Club and Marguerite Snow as a Secret Service agent who investigatespies. Among the events depicted are the sending of the Zimmermann Telegram, Franz von Rintelen's attempts to sabotage cargo loading in San Francisco Harbor, and the capture of the German espionage plans. It wasdirected by George Lessey, Wellington A. Playter, Leopold Wharton, and Theodore Wharton, and produced by the Whartons Studio. The serial is now considered lost. Because this serial was a commercial failure, it wasthe last one made by Whartons due to the studio being forced to declare bankruptcy.BackgroundAfter Flynn's retirement from the Secret Service his work investigating sabotage during the war were interwoven withfictitious characters and events by Courtney Ryley Cooper into a 20-part spy thriller. These were also published as weekly installments in The Atlanta Constitution's magazine section during 1918 under the title TheEagle's Eye: A True Story of the Imperial German Government's Spies and Intrigues in America. Fifteen of the episodes were republished as chapters in a book the following year.CastKing Baggot as HarrisonGrantMarguerite Snow as Dixie MasonWilliam Bailey as Heinrich von LertzFlorence Short as Madame Augusta StephanBertram Marburgh as Count Johann von BernstorffPaul Everton as Captain Franz von PapenJohn P.Wade as Captain Karl Boy-EdFred C. Jones as Dr. Heinrich AlbertWellington A. Playter as Franz von RintelenLouise HotalingLouis C. Bement as Uncle SamAllan MurnaneF.W. StewartRobin H. TownleyBessie Wharton asMrs. BlankChapter titlesHidden DeathThe Naval Ball ConspiracyThe Plot Against the FleetVon Rintelen, the DestroyerThe Strike BreedersThe Plot Against Organized LaborBrown Port FolioThe Kaiser's DeathMessengerThe Munitions CampaignThe Invasion of CanadaThe Burning of HopewellThe Canal ConspiratorsThe Reign of TerrorThe Infantile Paralysis EpidemicThe Campaign Against CottonThe Raid of the U-53Germany'sU-Base in AmericaThe Great Hindu ConspiracyThe Menace of the I.W.W.The Great DecisionPassage 6:George LesseyGeorge Lessey (June 8, 1879 – June 3, 1947) was an American actor and director of the silent era. Heappeared in more than 120 films between 1910 and 1946. He also directed more than 70 films between 1913 and 1922. Lessey was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, and as a boy he acted in theatrical productionsthere. He graduated from Amherst College.For a year, Lessey was a leading man for Edison Studios, after which he directed films for the company for two years. In 1914, he joined Universal Studios as a director. Heportrayed Romeo in the initial film version of Romeo and Juliet, directed the first serial, What Happened to Mary, and played the first dual role in film as twins in The Corsican Brothers.On stage, Lessey appeared in theoriginal Broadway production of Porgy and Bess (1935) in one of the few white roles, that of the lawyer Mr. Archdale.In the 1930s, Lessey worked as a model for men's clothes.Lessey was married to the former MayAbbey. On June 3, 1947, Lessey died on vacation in Westbrook, Connecticut, aged 67.Selected filmographyPassage 7:Arrington HighArrington High (1910 - 1988) was an American journalist and newspaper publisher.He published the Eagle Eye newspaper in Jackson, Mississippi and was an advocate for African American civil rights.BiographyArrington High was born in 1910 to an African American mother and a Euro-American father.He published the Eagle Eye newspaper in Jackson, Mississippi. High wrote and published the Eagle Eye from his own home, located on Maple Street in Jackson. Copies of the newspaper were sold for ten cents and wereavailable for purchase directly from High or from the Farish Street Newsstand. High was known for being a strong, outspoken advocated for social equality and civil rights. The banner of Eagle Eye read, "America'sgreatest newspaper, bombarding segregation and discrimination."High was fined for publishing criticism of school segregation. He was surveilled by the Mississippi Sovereignty Commission. He was arrested for sellingliterature without a permit. After publishing criticism of segregationists, he was held in the Mississippi State Asylum in Whitfield until he escaped to Chicago. He reported escaping in a casket. He made allegations againsta brothel he said employed African Americans to serve white clients. He continued publishing his newssheet from Chicago. He promoted conspiracy theories in his later publishing career. He died while living with hisdaughter in Chicago.Further readingJackson Eagle Eye (September 1954–May 1967) in Jet magazine May 16, 1988Passage 8:Eye of the Eagle 2: Inside the EnemyEye of the Eagle 2: Inside the Enemy (released in thePhilippines as Killed in Action) is a 1989 film directed by Carl Franklin. It is the sequel to the 1987 film Eye of the Eagle.It was shot in the Philippines.CastWilliam Todd FieldShirley TesoroReleaseEye of the Eagle 2 wasreleased in the United States in 1989. In the Philippines, the film was released as Killed in Action on August 11, 1989.Critical receptionEric Reifschneider of bloodbrothersfilms.com gave the film a rating of 2.5/5, writing,"It surprisingly is an 'emotionally' driven low-budget war film that's main focus is on characters, not low budget action antics."Nils Bothmann of actionfreunde.de wrote that director Carl Franklin, "illustrates theAmerican disappointment in this unheroic war."Reviewer Vern of outlawvern.com wrote, "this is an example of the kind of thing I like where a director is able to put their stamp on lowbrow genre movies and later evolveinto whatever it is they want to do".Timothy Young of mondo-esoterica.com called the film "A complete change of pace for the series, Inside the Enemy is well written, covering some very interesting ideas but somepoor editing and generic music leaves the action scenes feeling flat - fortunately this is not an action picture and the rest of the film looks good with some strong acting. Of interest to fans of the more serious warmovies."Passage 9:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films. Some ofhis television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Some of his televisionfilm credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films. He directed "Heart in Hiding",written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions. He costarred withSusan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army. He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University. Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directedproductions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company. He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also anassociate artist of The Interact Theatre Company.Passage 10:Olav AaraasOlav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director.He was born in Fredrikstad. From 1982 to 1993 he was thedirector of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to 2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History. In 2010 he was decorated with the RoyalNorwegian Order of St. Olav.


Passage 1:A Slave of VanityA Slave of Vanity is a 1920 American silent drama film starring Pauline Frederick, and directed and written by Henry Otto. The film, which was adapted from Arthur Wing Pinero's 1901 playIris, was produced and distributed by the Robertson-Cole Pictures Corporation that eventually became part of Film Booking Office of America. The film is now considered lost.PlotIris (Frederick), a British aristocrat, mustchoose between the poor Laurence (Barrie) and the rich Frederick (Louis). She decides to marry the wealthier Frederick, but at the last minute she changes her mind and runs off to Italy with Laurence. However, thingsdo not work out quite the way she planned.CastPauline Frederick as Iris BellamyArthur Hoyt as Croker HarringtonNigel Barrie as Laurence TrenwithWillard Louis as Frederick MaldonadoMaude Louis as FannySullivanDaisy Jefferson as Aurea VyseRuth Handforth as Miss PinsentHoward Gaye as Arthur KaneSee alsoList of lost filmsPassage 2:Shape of My HeartShape of My Heart may refer to:"Shape of My Heart" (Sting song),a 1993 song by Sting from the album Ten Summoner's Tales"Shape of My Heart" (Backstreet Boys song), a 2000 song by the Backstreet Boys"Shape of My Heart" (Noah and the Whale song), 2008 song by Noah andthe Whale, charting 94 in the UKShape of My Heart, a 2009 album by Katia Labèque"Shape of My Heart", a 2012 single by Rick Price from The Water's EdgeThe Shape of My Heart, the UK title of God-Shaped Hole, a2003 novel by Tiffanie DeBartoloPassage 3:Half of My Heart (disambiguation)"Half of My Heart" is a 2009 song by John Mayer from his album Battle Studies featuring Taylor Swift.Half of My Heart may also refer to:"Halfof My Heart", the love theme from the 1957 film Jeanne Eagels"Half of My Heart", a 1961 song by Emile Ford"Half of My Heart", a 2000 song by The Mooney Suzuki from People Get Ready"Half of My Heart", a 2019song by Megan McKennaPassage 4:Grace of My HeartGrace of My Heart is a 1996 American musical comedy-drama film written and directed by Allison Anders, and starring Illeana Douglas, Matt Dillon, Eric Stoltz, PatsyKensit and John Turturro. The film charts the fictional music career of Denise Waverly, an aspiring singer who writes for other artists in the pop music world of the mid-1960s. It premiered at the 1996 TorontoInternational Film Festival and went into limited release on September 13, 1996. The soundtrack features artists Burt Bacharach, Elvis Costello, Joni Mitchell, Gerry Goffin and Jill Sobule, replicating the musical style thatemerged from the Brill Building, New York City's  music factory in the heyday of girl groups and "pre-fab" acts like The Monkees.PlotIn 1958, Philadelphia steel heiress Edna Buxton enters and wins a talent contest.When she attempts to record a demo, a studio producer tells her that girl singers are not currently getting signed and record companies are even trying to get rid of the ones on their rosters. However, when Edna tellshim that she wrote the song she wants to record, he is impressed enough to direct her to producer Joel Milner, who takes her under his wing, renames her "Denise Waverly" and invents a blue-collar persona for her.Milner reworks her song for a male doo-wop group, the Stylettes, as male groups are far more marketable, and the song becomes a hit.Denise moves to New York City and becomes a songwriter in the Brill Building. Ata party, she meets the arrogant songwriter Howard Caszatt, and despite an awkward initial meeting, they begin a relationship. Denise offers to write a song specifically for her three girlfriends, which culminates in Joelauditioning the girls and creating the girl group the Luminaries. Howard and Denise also begin writing together and eventually get married and have a child. They pen a song called “Unwanted Number,” based on ayoung girl's unwanted pregnancy. Although it is banned from radio, it attracts the attention of prominent and influential disc jockey John Murray, who, despite the negative attention around the song, credits Denise withsparking the girl group craze.Joel recruits the beautiful English songwriter Cheryl Steed, who immediately catches Howard's eye, and initially, Denise's disdain. Cheryl diffuses Denise’s suspicion by informing her thatshe already has a songwriting partner – her husband Matthew. Joel tasks Denise and Cheryl with writing a song for the ingénue singer Kelly Porter. The two women bond over the realization that the young songstress isin a closeted lesbian relationship with her roommate Marion. They write the coded song "My Secret Love" for Kelly, which becomes a hit.Denise’s relationship with Howard becomes strained due to his philandering withother women. When she learns she is pregnant with Howard's second baby, Cheryl convinces her to see an obstetrician, who safely performs an illegal abortion. Denise and Cheryl then become close friends and Deniseeventually breaks up with Howard.In 1966, Milner offers to send Denise to the studio to sing for herself. As an added incentive, he offers the production assistance of Jay Phillips, the frontman of California rock groupthe Riptides, to produce her single. Although initially hesitant as she says she finds the whole "surf and turf" sound laughable, she writes and sings the song "God Give Me Strength" and is delighted by Jay's skillfulorchestral arrangement. The record she puts out with him, however, is a commercial failure. Between the loss suffered by her foundering single and the advent of the British Invasion, Milner's fortunes are depleted.Denise blames herself for making the song too personal and bankrupting Joel. He tells her she did more for him than she realized and that it was time for them both to move on.Denise and Jay become a couple andresettle in California. Jay treats Denise’s daughter Luna as his own, but he is reclusive and a user of recreational drugs like marijuana and peyote. Denise has since joined forces with the newly-divorced Cheryl to writesongs for a bubblegum pop TV show, Where the Action Is, though Jay insists to Denise that writing music for TV is beneath her.Jay's behavior becomes more erratic and he becomes increasingly paranoid, causing hisbandmates to distance themselves from him. He falls into a period of deep depression that seemingly abates after a visit from his friend "Jonesy", who reminds him of the things that are important in his life, includinghis "groovy new old lady", Denise.Thinking that the worst is over, Denise invites Jay to join her and Cheryl at the Whisky a Go Go to see Doris, a former Luminary member who embarked on a solo career after the girlgroup broke up, perform. Jay declines, saying he has a song idea he wants to explore, so Denise ends up going with Cheryl. While the women celebrate, Jay is revealed to be still in the throes of his depression; havingput on a brave face for Denise's benefit. He walks into the ocean, taking his own life. Denise is further distraught to discover that Jay's fans blame her for not intervening in his death.Numbed by the loss, Denise retireswith her family to a hippie commune in northern California and tries to make sense of everything that has happened. Some time later, Joel visits Denise at the commune and takes her and the children to dinner. Thatnight, he criticizes how far down she's allowed her grieving to take her and says that it's destroying her and her talent. Denise angrily lashes out, telling Milner that he'd be nothing without her success. He agrees;however, the more he agrees with her, the angrier she becomes. She strikes him then collapses in tears, grieving for Jay. Milner consoles her and the two are reconciled.With Joel's help, Denise creates theplatinum-selling work "Grace of My Heart". As she lays down the piano track for the song, her life is recounted in pictures, leading to the moment when her own mother receives a copy of her album in the mail with ahandwritten note. Seemingly proud of her daughter's success, she smiles.CastProductionThe story is loosely based on the career arc of singer-songwriter Carole King, who, like Denise, started out writing songs in theBrill Building for artists like Aretha Franklin, The Drifters, and Little Eva. The character Jay Phillips is loosely modeled on Brian Wilson of The Beach Boys.Allison Anders said she was inspired to make the film as a fan ofthe girl group The Shangri-Las. She was also inspired by the Alan Betrock book Girl Groups: The Story of A Sound, which contained photos of "Carole King and Gerry Goffin then others like Cynthia Weil and BarryMann...it was interesting to read what Alan had to say about what that time was like back then and how they were all really just kids when they had been a part of that."Martin Scorsese is credited as Grace of MyHeart's executive producer, and the film is co-edited by Scorsese’s longtime editor Thelma Schoonmaker.ReceptionReleaseGrace of My Heart debuted at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 1996. Itwas theatrically released a few days later on September 13, 1996, just weeks ahead of Oscar-winning actor Tom Hanks' directorial debut That Thing You Do!, which also covered the early to mid-1960s pop music sceneand featured original, retro-styled songs on the soundtrack. Grace of My Heart grossed $660,313 worldwide.Critical responseOn the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 79% of 28 critics' reviews are positive,with an average rating of 6.9/10.David Ansen of Newsweek praised the film and wrote while it "is not the smoothest trip" story-wise, "Anders's rough edges are more than offset by the story's contagiousvitality...Denise's funky journey to self-discovery is a fresh feminist take on an era that has always been seen through men's eyes. It may not be precision-tooled, but it's triumphantly alive."Time Out wrote, "There's alovely sequence about a third of the way into Anders' delightful movie which follows a song from conception - the street scene that inspires it - through the writing, to the recording session. This seamlessly editedpassage swings like the snappy '60s girl pop it emulates. Like the film as a whole, it works as a musical in its own right, and as history and critique of the pop process."Critics roundly praised the film's music, particularlythe Brill Building scenes, and lauded the film's approach of pairing popular songwriters of the 1960s with contemporary artists. Mark Caro of the Chicago Tribune wrote:What Anders captures is the feel of the time: thenervous thrill of singing a song you love; the sanctified atmosphere of a recording studio, with red padded walls that match the singer's lipstick and a slit of a window that reveals a live bassist; the songwriter'sexcitement in realizing that songs can be about people's actual lives and still be commercial; the breathlessness of keeping up with an industry that may love a cappella vocal groups one day and rock bands thenext.Criticism centered on the film's shift of the action from New York City to California to center on Denise's relationship with Jay, with many arguing it is where the story loses focus. Roger Ebert praised the music andDouglas' performance, but said Anders tries to cover too much ground and would have liked a less condensed story.In a 2020 episode of his podcast Kermode on Film, film critic Mark Kermode named Grace of My Heartnumber one on his countdown of the top five most underrated films of all time. Jim Hemphill of Filmmaker wrote the film "feels both completely of the period in which it takes place and like something that could onlyhave been made in the mid-1990s, an age when the American independent film movement and the studio system intersected in a way that allowed auteurs like Anders to broaden their ambitions and expand theircanvasses."MusicActress Douglas’ singing voice is dubbed by singer Kristen Vigard, while the fictional Luminaries are dubbed by girl group For Real.In the beginning, Edna/Denise performs a version of "Hey There", fromthe musical The Pajama Game, and popularized by singers such as Rosemary Clooney. Another of Denise's big musical moments occurs in the studio to sing tracks for "God Give Me Strength", an expensively producedsingle that fails to generate excitement on the charts, alluding to Phil Spector's recording of "River Deep – Mountain High" for Tina Turner (written by Spector, Ellie Greenwich and Jeff Barry). Singer Elvis Costello, whoco-wrote "God Give Me Strength" with Burt Bacharach for the film, also wrote "Unwanted Number", which is crafted by Denise and Cazsatt for the Luminaries and causes a scandal due to its story of a young, unmarriedmother.Singer-composer Lesley Gore co-wrote the song "My Secret Love", performed by the character of young singer Kelly Porter. Gore chose not to be credited as a co-writer because she felt she'd "been brought intoo late for a real collaboration" and was not invited to the film's New York City premiere, a logistical oversight Anders regretted.SoundtrackThe soundtrack was released in September 1996 by MCA Records. It wasproduced by Larry Klein, Joni Mitchell's former husband and producer. Klein contributed to the writing of several songs on the soundtrack and appears briefly in the movie as a recording engineer. Joni Mitchellcontributed the song "Man from Mars", which is performed by Vigard as heard in the fillm. The soundtrack's initial pressing of 40,000 CD copies contained a version featuring Mitchell's vocals instead of Vigard's. This CDwas recalled and re-released a week later with Vigard's vocal restored. Mitchell later re-recorded the song with different-styled music for her 1998 album Taming the Tiger.Other songsSeveral songs did not make thealbum soundtrack, such as both of Vigard's renditions of "Hey There"—the contest version and the polished demo. Her version of "In Another World" is swapped out for the fictional Stylettes' rendition (via Portrait).Vigard's "God Give Me Strength" is also swapped for the Costello/Bacharach version. "A Wave Dies", written and performed by Andrew Allen-King and produced by Klein, was also not included in the final cut. TheWilliams Brothers perform two songs, "Heartbreak Kid" and "Love Doesn't Ever Fail Us", but only the latter is on the album.Home mediaGrace of My Heart was released as a Blu-ray Collector’s Edition by ScorpionReleasing on November 17, 2020. The Blu-ray includes an audio commentary by Anders and a making-of featurette.Passage 5:Piece of My Heart (disambiguation)"Piece of My Heart" is a song written by Jerry Ragovoyand Bert Berns, best known through performances by Janis Joplin.Piece of My Heart may also refer to:Film and televisionPiece of My Heart (film), a 2009 New Zealand filmA Piece of My Heart (film), a 2019 Swedishfilm"Piece of My Heart" (Grey's Anatomy), a television episodeLiteraturePiece of My Heart (novel), a 2006 Inspector Banks novel by Peter RobinsonPiece of My Heart, a 2020 Under Suspicion novel by Mary Higgins Clarkand Alafair BurkeA Piece of My Heart, a 1976 novel by Richard FordMusic"Piece of My Heart" (Intermission song), 1993"Piece of My Heart" (Tara Kemp song), 1991Piece of My Heart, a 1996 album by Faith Hill"A Piece ofMy Heart", a song by Gang of Four from HardPiece of My Heart: The Bert Berns Story, a 2014 jukebox musicalPassage 6:King of My HeartKing of My Heart may refer to:"King of My Heart", a song by Taylor Swift fromReputation (2017)"King of My Heart", a song by Tara Dettman from Sea to Sea: I See the Cross (2005)"King of My Heart", a song by Bethel Music from Starlight (2017)"King of My Heart", a song by Leeland fromInvisible (2016)"King of My Heart", a song from the 2007 London revival of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat"King of My Heart", a song by Melba Moore from Read My Lips (1985)Passage 7:Burden of MyHeartBurden of My Heart (Sydämeni taakka) is a 2011 Finnish documentary film about the surviving victims of the genocide in Rwanda. It was directed by Yves Montand Niyongabo. The documentary was chosen forpremiere at the 2011 DOK Leipzig film festival. The documentary also received the Jury Youth Prize and Best Domestic Documentary Award at the Tempo film festival in Finland.Passage 8:From the Bottom of MyHeartFrom the Bottom of My Heart may refer to:"From the Bottom of My Heart" (Chuck Willis song), recorded by both The Clovers and The Diamonds"From the Bottom of My Heart" (Stevie Wonder song), 2006Passage9:Allison AndersAllison Anders (born November 16, 1954) is an American independent film director whose films include Gas Food Lodging, Mi Vida Loca and Grace of My Heart. Anders has collaborated with fellow UCLASchool of Theater, Film and Television graduate Kurt Voss and has also worked as a television director. Anders' films have been shown at the Cannes International Film Festival and at the Sundance Film Festival. Shehas been awarded a MacArthur Genius Grant as well as a Peabody Award.Early lifeAnders was born in Ashland, Kentucky, to mother Alberta "Rachel" Anders (née Steed) and father Robert "Bob" Anders. She has foursisters, one of whom, Luanna Anders, starred in her first film, Border Radio. Her paternal side has ancestry that traces back to the Southern Hatfield family and, more distantly, to George Washington's spy, CalebBrewster, while her maternal side includes another Washington spy, Abraham Woodhull.When Anders was 4 years old, her father abandoned the family. Anders' mother and father were divorced when she was 5.  At age12, she was gang raped by three boys at a party in Cape Canaveral, Florida, an event that influenced several of her films. After her mother moved her and her sisters to Los Angeles, Anders suffered a mentalbreakdown at the age of 15 and was hospitalized. When she came out of the psychiatric ward, she was placed into foster care but ran away. She hitchhiked across the country, at one point ending up in jail. After turning17, Anders dropped out of her Los Angeles high school and moved back to Kentucky. She later moved to London with the man who fathered her first child.In her early 20s, Anders moved back to Los Angeles with herdaughter and attended junior college, Los Angeles Valley College, while working odd jobs. Due to constant relocation as a child, Anders had not had a steady education. She said that growing up, most of her time wasspent watching TV and going to movie theaters. Inspired by the films of Wim Wenders and other filmmakers, Anders applied to UCLA Film School. During her time at UCLA, Anders produced her first sound film. Wendersattended the screening. She has called Wenders' 1974 film Alice in the Cities "one of my very favorite films, and a guiding light, since I first saw it at the Nuart in Santa Monica in the 1970s." In 1986, Anders got herB.A. in Motion Picture-Television from the University of California Los Angeles.CareerFilmIn 1986, Anders won a Samuel Goldwyn Writing Award for a script called Lost Highway that she wrote about her father. She saidthat after writing the script she shared it with her father, and was able to have a relationship with him again.Anders' first film, the punk music-heavy Border Radio, was co-written and co-directed with Kurt Voss andDean Lent and was made while they were at UCLA. It was nominated for Best Feature of 1988 by the Independent Feature Project for Best First Feature. The film told the story of three musicians who stole money owedto them from a job and then fled to Mexico. The story is set amid the Los Angeles punk-rock scene of the 1980s. With a $2,000 contribution from actor Vic Tayback and loans from Voss's parents to fund the film, thefilmmakers made up for the small budget by using local locations and casting performers they knew. For the starring role, they cast Anders' sister, Luanna Anders, and musician Chris D., as the leading man, as well asAnders' daughter, Devon Anders, who played Luanna's daughter in the film. Violating UCLA policy, the filmmakers cut the film at night in the school's editing bays, while Anders' two young daughters slept on the floor.In 2007, Border Radio was given a special release on DVD as part of the Criterion Collection and was lauded as groundbreaking independent cinema.Anders' second feature, the 1992 film Gas Food Lodging, earned her aNew York Film Critics Circle Award and National Society of Film Critics honors for Best New Director; and nominations from the Independent Spirit Awards for Best Screenplay and Best Director. Actress Fairuza Balk wona Spirit Award for her role in the film. The film also won the Deauville Film Festival Critics Award and was also nominated for the Golden Bear at the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival. Gas Food Lodging is acoming-of-age story about a truck stop waitress and her two daughters, three vibrant, restless women in an isolated Western town. The screenplay was loosely adapted by Anders from the novel Don't Look and It Won'tHurt by Richard Peck.Her next film, Mi Vida Loca (My Crazy Life), was about girl gangs in the poor Hispanic Echo Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, where Anders lived. It premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in 1993,


Passage 1:La voix (song)"La voix" (French pronunciation: [la vwa]; "The voice") is a song by Swedish singer Malena Ernman, which served as the Swedish entry at the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest, held in Moscow,Russia. It was composed by Fredrik Kempe, with lyrics by both Kempe and Ernman. It is the first Swedish entry to contain lyrics in French, as well as being the last Swedish entry to have contained lyrics in a languageother than English. Despite the fact that France's Patricia Kaas would get a relatively good placing in the final, Ernman drew further attention to Francophone culture in the semi-final, as well in the grand final (byclassing 3rd in the OGAE Second Chance round), despite her ultimate placing (21st).The song was the winner of Melodifestivalen 2009 on 14 March 2009, earning the right to compete for Sweden in the first semi-finalof Eurovision 2009 on 12 May 2009. The song qualified for the final round where it finished 21st place with 33 points, making it Sweden's second lowest placing in the contest since 1992's "I morgon är en annan dag"(22nd), and also the second time the country failed to place within the Top 20.In 2010, the song was covered by Russian pop singer Philipp Kirkorov and opera singer Anna Netrebko with Kirkorov singing verses andNetrebko singing chorus. They recorded two versions of the song, one with original French and English lyrics and other sang exclusively in Russian.The song has also been used as the backing track for the musicaldocumentary Spaceplane Sailing. The short film covers the 33-mission career of the Space Shuttle Atlantis and was premiered on YouTube in February 2013.Melodifestivalen and Eurovision"La voix" participated in thefourth heat of the 2009 Melodifestivalen which was held on 28 February 2009 at the Malmö Arena in Malmö. The song was the last of the eight competing entries to perform and directly qualified to the contest final asone of the two songs song which received the most telephone votes. On 14 March, during the final held at the Globe Arena in Stockholm, Ernman were the last of the eleven competing acts to perform, and "La voix"won the contest with 182 points, receiving the highest number of votes from the viewing public via telephone voting despite placing only eighth with the regional and international juries.Sweden participated in the firstsemi-final of the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest in Moscow, Russia on 12 May 2009. Ernman was the fifth competing artist to perform and Sweden were subsequently announced at the end of the broadcast as one of theten countries to have qualified for the final. Ernman performed again in the final on 16 May, with Sweden drawn to perform as the fourth country on stage, and subsequently finished in twenty-first place with a total of33 points. The full breakdown of results published after the final revealed that in the first semi-final Sweden had finished in fourth place with 105 points.Chart performanceThe song debuted on the Swedish Singles Charton the week of 13 March 2009 at number 31, before climbing to number 10 the following week and then number four in its third.On 26 April 2009, "La voix" went straight to number one on the Svensktoppen radiochart.In May 2009, the single entered at 29 in the Belgium Ultratip, moved up to 27 in its second week and then fell off the chart.Track listingCD: (Sweden)"La voix" (radio edit)"La voix" (karaoke)ChartsPassage2:Malena ErnmanSara Magdalena Ernman (born 4 November 1970) is a Swedish mezzo-soprano opera singer. Besides operas and operettas, she has also performed chansons, cabaret, jazz, and appeared in musicals.She is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music. Ernman represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with the song "La Voix", finishing in 21st place.Life and careerEarly lifeErnman was born inUppsala, Sweden, spent her childhood and school years in Sandviken, and was educated at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm, the Music Conservatory in Orléans, France, and the school of the Royal SwedishOpera. She is married to actor Svante Thunberg, with whom she had appeared in a 2000 Swedish television musical documentary about the composer Joseph Martin Kraus, played by Thunberg. Together they have twodaughters: singer Beata Ernman, and climate activist Greta Thunberg.OperasIn 1997, Ernman sang in the premiere of Ivar Hallström's 1897 opera Liten Karin in Vadstena; Opera magazine noted that "the mezzoMalena Ernman was very expressive as Princess Cecilia, King Erik XIV's sister". In 1998, her Rosina in The Barber of Seville at the Royal Opera in Stockholm was described as "displaying impressive technique" and"shaping the character with mocking good humour". The same year, she sang Kaja in the premiere of Sven-David Sandström's Staden under Leif Segerstam also at the Royal Opera in Stockholm, where one reviewercommented that "in vocal focus and expression, her full, rich voice is not that far behind Bartoli". In July 1999, Ernman sang the trouser role of Ziöberg in the premiere of Jonas Forssell's Trädgården (The Garden) at theDrottningholm Palace Theatre in Stockholm, conducted by Roy Goodman, the first new opera to be premiered at the theatre in modern times.In Brussels in 2000, her Nerone in Handel's Agrippina, alongside RosemaryJoshua's Poppea and Anna Caterina Antonacci's Aggripina was described as "the most convincingly brattish young man imaginable".In 2001, Ernman sang Sesto in Handel's Giulio Cesare at the Drottningholm Festival.She sang at the Glyndebourne Festival, in the Summer of 2002 as Nancy in Albert Herring and the next summer as Prince Orlovsky in Johann Strauss's Die Fledermaus, which was also performed at the BBC Proms thatyear.In 2002/2003 Ernman appeared in Vienna as Diana in La Calisto. In 2003/2004 she sang the part of Donna Elvira in Don Giovanni at La Monnaie in Brussels and appeared at the Aix-en-Provence Festival as Lichasin Hercules by George Frideric Handel, with Les Arts Florissants under conductor William Christie, revived at the Paris Opera and at the Vienna Festival.In the spring and summer of 2005, Ernman created the title role inPhilippe Boesmans's Julie, appearing at la Monnaie, at the Vienna Festival, and in Aix-en-Provence. In 2006 she sang as Nerone in L'incoronazione di Poppea in Brussels and Berlin, then as Dido in Dido and Aeneas withWilliam Christie at the Vienna Festival. She also sang in Agrippina at Oper Frankfurt.In August 2006, Ernman made her debut at the Salzburg Festival as Annio in La clemenza di Tito under conductor NikolausHarnoncourt. In 2007, her roles included Sesto in Giulio Cesare with René Jacobs in Vienna, Cherubino in Le nozze di Figaro with Daniel Harding in Aix-en-Provence, and Nerone in L'incoronazione di Poppea inAmsterdam. In 2008 she sang Angelina in La Cenerentola with the Royal Swedish Opera and Dido and Aeneas with Christie and the Opéra-Comique in Paris. In 2009 she reprised Angelina in La Cenerentola with OperFrankfurt and the Swedish Royal Opera, and Dido in Dido and Aeneas with Christie in Vienna and Amsterdam. In 2010, she sang the castrato role of Idamante in Idomeneo under Jérémie Rhorer at the Theatre de laMonnaie in Brussels, where her "feisty" portrayal of the prince was "as if to the gender born, her efforts rewarded by the inclusion of the usually cut aria 'No, la morte'. Vienna saw her in the title role of Serse by Handelin October 2011 at the Theater an der Wien, and the following season she sang Eduige in the Nicolas Harnoncourt-led production of Handel's Rodelinda at the same house, later released on DVD. Back in the city asElena in La donna del lago in August 2012, she was "impressive... dealing with the vocal difficulties with aplomb and managing the extra dramatic demands made on her with genuine expressivity". She added Béatriceto her repertoire in 2013 in performances at Theater an der Wien of Berlioz's late opéra-comique. Also in 2013 she returned to the part of Aggripina at the Gran Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona, in a production by DavidMcVicar conducted by Harry Bicket.Ernman has sung several major roles with the Staatsoper Berlin, including Cherubino in Le nozze di Figaro and Zerlina in Don Giovanni, both under conductor Daniel Barenboim. Shealso performed Rosina in Rossini's Il barbiere di Siviglia with Staatsoper Berlin and the Finnish National Opera. With the Royal Opera Stockholm she has also sung the title role in Carmen.Ernman worked with conductorRené Jacobs in the roles of Nerone in Agrippina, Roberto in Scarlatti's Griselda and Diana in Cavalli's La Calisto.In 2018, she sang Gabriella in the Swedish musical Så som i himmelen (As It Is in Heaven), based on a2004 film of the same name, with words by Kay Pollak and Carin Pollak and the score by Fredrik Kempe, which premiered at the Oscarsteatern in September 2018.ConcertsEarly recitals on Swedish Radio includedRachmaninov in 1994, The airconditioned nightmare by Olov Olofsson, songs by Gunnar de Frumerie, and an eclectic mix of Fauré, Debussy, Jolivet, Ravel, Bizet, Barber, Ives and Lehrer in 1996, Brahms lieder, andworks by Carlid, Mahler and Berio in 1998.Ernman has performed several concert pieces as well. At the Salzburg Festival she sang Mozart's "Waisenhausmesse" with conductor Frans Brüggen. She performed Berio's"Folksongs" with the Stockholm Royal Philharmonic Orchestra under Carlo Rizzi, and at the Verbier Festival with Gustavo Dudamel. She sang the world premiere of "Nachtgesänge" by Fabian Müller with the ZurichTonhalle Orchestra. In Minneapolis she sang Mozart's "Requiem" with Arnold Östman.2009 Melodifestivalen and EurovisionOn 28 November 2008, it was announced that Ernman would enter Melodifestivalen 2009 forthe Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with the song "La voix," written by Fredrik Kempe. On 28 February 2009, Ernman competed in the 4th semi-final of Melodifestivalen in Malmö and became a finalist. She went on to winthe final on 14 March at the Globe Arena in Stockholm, and to represent Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest in Moscow. She qualified as a finalist on 12 May and performed in the finals on 16 May, where she finished21st with 33 points. "La voix" was the first Swedish entry to contain a substantial amount of French lyrics; it was written by Ernman herself, who speaks French fluently. Prior to the competition a documentary about thelife and career of Ernman was broadcast on Swedish television entitled 'Rösternas Malena' ('The voice of Malena').Ernman revealed that the dress for her Eurovision performance cost 400,000 kronor (€37,471) and wasmade by designer Camilla Thulin. Singer Dea Norberg joined Ernman as one of the choirgirls. Ernman later participated in the Second Chance round of Melodifestivalen 2015 as a guest singer for Behrang Mirisentry.Personal lifeErnman is married to Swedish actor Svante Thunberg. Their first daughter Greta Thunberg rose to worldwide prominence when she initiated the School Strike for Climate. She also has a youngerdaughter, who is three years younger. Ernman’s career was taking off when Greta was born, and Svante stayed at home to look after their children.In August 2014, 11-year-old Greta suddenly stopped eating, talking,reading, or wanting to do anything. This condition lasted for several months, until she was diagnosed with Asperger syndrome. The acute period of her daughter's condition affected Ernman and her family to such anextent that she had three breakdowns during her professional activity and five performances had to be cancelled. After the crisis was overcome, she turned to the nationwide daily newspaper Expressen, which reportedit in detail, because she wanted to help other families in a similar situation.Ernman has been politically active in support of the Paris Agreement; in June 2017 she wrote a collaborative debate piece in Dagens Nyheter.With her husband, she co-wrote the book Scenes from the Heart about her family, the environment, and sustainability. It was published in August 2018.Awards2010: appointed Hovsångerska (lit. "[royal] court singer")by Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden2017: WWF-Sweden "Environmental Hero of the Year"DiscographyAlbums2000: Naïve (KMH) – songs by Olov Olofsson, Bo Linde, Bror Samuelson, Sandström, among others, withensemble directed by Chrichan Larson2001: Cabaret Songs – songs by William Bolcom, Kurt Weill, Friedrich Hollander and Benjamin Britten; with Bengt-Åke Lundin, piano (BIS)2003: Songs in Season (Nytorp Musik) –songs related to nature and the seasons by Mendelssohn, Grieg, Respighi, Storm, Copland, Koechlin, Mahler, Gefors, Schreker, Fauré, Liszt, Finzi, Sibelius, Tchaikovsky, and Jennefelt. With Francisca Skoogh (piano),recorded in January 2002 at Swedish Radio in Stockholm.2003: My Love – opera arias (by Rossini, Bizet, Mozart) and songs (by Ravel, Legrand, Mozart, Schubert, Ellington, Lindberg, Nilsson) arranged with guitaraccompaniment from Mats Bergström (BIS)2009: La Voix du Nord – 'pop works', 'One Step From Paradise', 'La voix', 'Min plats på jorden', 'Sempre libera', 'What Becomes of Love', 'Un bel dì', 'Breathless Days', 'Perdus','Tragedy', 'All the Lost Tomorrows'; and arias 'Quando me n'vò' (Puccini), 'Voi che sapete' (Mozart), Solveig's song from Peer Gynt (Grieg), 'O mio babbino caro' (Puccini), 'Vedrai, carino' (Mozart), 'Una voce poco fa'(Rossini), 'Lascia ch'io pianga' (Händel), 'Caro mio ben' (Giordani), 'Non più mesta' (Rossini), 'Ombra mai fu' (Händel) and 'When I am laid in earth' (Purcell), conducted by Alberto Hold-Garrido. The record is dedicatedto "my daughters Greta and Beata and to my husband Svante".2010: Santa Lucia – En klassisk jul (Christmas album)2011: Opera di Fiori (Roxy Recordings/Universal)2013: I decembertid2014: SDS (Fyra sånger förMalena and Missa brevis by Sven-David Sandström, with the Musica Vitae, Gustaf Sjökvist Kammarkör conducted by Gustaf Sjökvist)2015: Advent2016: SverigeOthersAlfred Schnittke: Symphony No. 2 'St. Florian';Mikaeli Chamber Choir, Royal Stockholm Philharmonic conducted by Leif Segerstam, with Göran Eliasson, Mikael Bellini, Torkel Borelius (BIS, 1995)Nachtgesänge – song-cycle by Fabian Müller, with the PhilharmoniaOrchestra, conducted by David Zinman (Col legno)Maurice Duruflé: Requiem, Op. 9 with the Swedish Radio Choir. Recorded 2004, Stockholm.Sven-David Sandström: The High Mass, with the Gewandhaus OrchesterLeipzig & MDR Chor Leipzig, Herbert Blomstedt. DG, 2005Romantic Swedish Vocal Works Vol. 2, with Olle Persson, Bengt-Åke Lundin. Includes Gustav Nordqvist: Tre Bo Bergman-dikter; Ingemar Liljefors: Tre Sånger"Den utvalda", Jag vantar manen, and Lagg din hand i min om du har lust; Åke Uddén: Tre Sånger ur Chansons de Bilitis; Hilding Hallnäs: Fem Dikter "I skogen om natten", Op. 17. (Phono Suecia, 2005)Berio: FolkSongs – part of 'Verbier Festival: 25 Years of Excellence', with the Verbier Festival Orchestra conducted by Gustavo Dudamel (recorded July 2005) (Deutsche Grammophon)Arias by Johann Christoph Bach "Ach, daß ichWassers genug hätte", Bacri "Lamento", and JS Bach "Wie jammern mich doch die verkehrten Herzen" from Cantata BWV 170, with Ensemble Matheus, directed by Jean-Christophe Spinosi, part of 'Miroirs' (2013,Deutsche Grammophon)Mozart: Così fan tutte, K588; with Christopher Maltman, Simone Kermes, Kenneth Tarver, Konstantin Wolff, Anna Kasyan; MusicAeterna, Teodor Currentzis (Sony, 2014) – asDorabellaSingles2009: "La voix" - sung at the Eurovision Song Contest 20092010: "Min plats på jorden"DVDStrauss: Die Fledermaus with Pamela Armstrong, Thomas Allen, Lyubov Petrova, Håkan Hagegård, LondonPhilharmonic Orchestra, Vladimir Jurowski. Filmed at Glyndebourne 2003 (Opus Arte) – Prince Orlovsky.Handel: Hercules with William Shimell, Joyce DiDonato, Toby Spence, Les Arts Florissants, William Christie. Filmedat the Festival d'Aix-en-Provence 2004 (Bel Air Classiques) – Lichas.Boesmans: Julie with Gary Magee, Kerstin Avemo, the Chamber Orchestra of la Monnaie, Kazushi Ono. Aix-en Provence 2005 (Bel Air Classiques) –title role.Purcell: Dido and Aeneas with Christopher Maltman, Les Arts Florissants, William Christie (conductor). Filmed at the Paris Opéra Comique 2008 (FRA) – Dido.Handel: Rodelinda with Danielle de Niese, BejunMehta, Kurt Streit, Concentus Musicus Wien, Nikolaus Harnoncourt. Filmed at the Theater an der Wien, 2011 (Belvedere) – Eduige.Mozart: Don Giovanni with Erwin Schrott, Anna Netrebko, Luca Pisaroni, CharlesCastronovo, Katija Dragojevic, Balthasar-Neumann-Orchestra, Thomas Hengelbrock (Sony) 2013 – Donna Elvira.See alsoFlight shame (aka 'Flygskam')Passage 3:Bernie BonvoisinBernard Bonvoisin (Frenchpronunciation: [bna b̃vwaz̃]), known as Bernie Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: [bni b̃vwaz̃], born 9 July 1956 in Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine), is a French hard rock singer and film director. He is bestknown for having been the singer of Trust.He was one of the best friends of Bon Scott the singer of AC/DC and together they recorded the song "Ride On" which was one of the last songs by Bon Scott.ExternallinksBernie Bonvoisin at IMDbPassage 4:Paule DesjardinsPaule Desjardins (29 April 1929 — 31 December 2007), also known as Paule Canat, was a French singer and fashion designer. She represented France in theEurovision Song Contest 1957 with the song "La belle amour" which finished second with 17 points.In the early 1960s, she ended her musical career to marry the French industrialist Charles Canat. She started a newcareer as a lingerie designer in Millau. From 1960 to 1992, Paule was responsible for the creation of collections, developing new clothing lines that played an important role in the development of the company.Paule andCharles had a son, Joël. He ran his father’s company from 1991-1996, before selling it to Saaly Holding. Charles passed away on 1 December 2007, at the age of 86. Paule passed away exactly 30 days after hisdeath.Passage 5:Another Girl"Another Girl" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1965 album Help! and included in the film of the same title. The song was written by Paul McCartney and credited tothe Lennon–McCartney partnership. The song is addressed to the singer's girlfriend, who is informed that the singer has found "another girl."Composition and recordingMcCartney wrote the song while holidaying inHammamet, a resort in Tunisia. With an up-tempo swing-beat that McCartney favoured ("Can't Buy Me Love", "She's a Woman") it opens with a short refrain, powered by block vocal harmonies, that segues straight intothe verse, which is constructed on the blues-mode chord changes the group currently favoured. The bridge theme makes a sudden key change up a minor third from A to C (a harmonic strategy also used on the record'snext track "You're Going to Lose That Girl") and features more close three-part harmonies as the aggressively sung verse's apparent threat to a jealous girl turns into a sweet tribute to the "other" girl who "will alwaysbe my friend".The Beatles recorded the song on 15 February 1965, having also worked that day on "Ticket to Ride" and "I Need You". The backing track was quickly recorded in a single take. George Harrison added aguitar "flourish" at the end which was omitted from the final mix: McCartney added lead guitar the next day. This is one of several Beatles songs recorded at the time on which McCartney played lead guitar in addition tohis usual bass. Four-track recording allowed the group to refine songs' arrangements in the studio and McCartney often had clear ideas about the guitar lines he wanted. He also contributed lead guitar to "Ticket to Ride"and played an electric guitar duet with Harrison on "The Night Before". The song was mixed down on 18 February and again on 23 February.This song features the often-utilized three-part harmonies between Lennon,McCartney and Harrison, but it is one of the only instances in which Lennon sings the highest harmony.McCartney said of this song and other album tracks, "It's a bit much to call them fillers because I think they were abit more than that, and each one of them made it past the Beatles test. We all had to like it."Live performancesThe song was performed live for the first time by a Beatle when Paul McCartney returned to the NipponBudokan, Tokyo, on 28 April 2015; this was 49 years after the Beatles had first played at the venue, in June and July 1966. In a released statement, McCartney said, "It was sensational and quite emotionalremembering the first time and then experiencing this fantastic audience tonight."In the film Help!In the film Help!, McCartney lip-syncs "Another Girl" while standing on a coral reef on Balmoral Island in the Bahamas,and plays a girl in a bikini as if she is a guitar. Since McCartney's hands are occupied (with either bass or girl), George Harrison mimes McCartney's guitar fills as if playing them himself. The four of them each change


Passage 1:Lethal Weapon 3Lethal Weapon 3 is a 1992 American buddy cop action film directed by Richard Donner and written by Jeffrey Boam and Robert Mark Kamen. The sequel to Lethal Weapon 2 (1989), it is thethird installment in the Lethal Weapon film series and stars Mel Gibson, Danny Glover, Joe Pesci, Rene Russo, and Stuart Wilson.In Lethal Weapon 3, LAPD Sergeants Martin Riggs (Gibson) and Roger Murtaugh (Glover)pursue Jack Travis (Wilson), a former LAPD lieutenant turned ruthless arms dealer, during the six days prior to Murtaugh's retirement. Riggs and Murtaugh are joined by Leo Getz (Pesci) as well as internal affairsSergeant Lorna Cole (Russo).The film was a box office success, grossing over $320 million worldwide. It was the fifth-highest-grossing film of 1992 and the highest-grossing installment in the series overall. The film wasfollowed by Lethal Weapon 4 in 1998.PlotA week before his retirement, L.A.P.D. Sergeant Roger Murtaugh and his partner Martin Riggs are demoted to uniform duties after failing to defuse an office building bomb. Whileon street patrol they witness the theft of an armored car, and help to thwart the crime assisted by armored car driver Delores. One of the two thieves gets away, but the other is taken into police custody. The suspect isfound to be a known associate of Jack Travis, a former LAPD lieutenant who is running an arms smuggling ring in Los Angeles. The department is further concerned that the thieves were using armor-piercing bullets.Riggs and Murtaugh are re-promoted and assigned to work with Sergeant Lorna Cole from internal affairs to track down Travis.Travis is currently negotiating with mobster Tyrone regarding his arms deal. The armoredcar thief that escaped is brought to Travis, who subsequently kills him in front of Tyrone for putting the police on his trail. Travis then uses his old police credentials to enter the interrogation room and kill the suspect incustody before he can be interviewed. Travis is unaware that closed-circuit cameras have been installed in the station, and Cole is able to confirm Travis' identity. While the three are reviewing the footage, their goodfriend Leo Getz, who has been helping Murtaugh sell his house, arrives and immediately recognizes Travis from several prior business deals and his love of ice hockey. Murtaugh, Riggs, and Getz narrowly miss capturingTravis at a hockey match, and Getz is wounded. However, Getz manages to provide them with information of a warehouse Travis owns, which they suspect is where he has stored his arms shipments.Riggs andMurtaugh contact Cole for backup before they raid the warehouse, and stop at a food truck to wait for her. As they wait for their food, they witness a drug deal and attempt to stop it. Murtaugh kills a gunman who firedat them, while the rest escape. Murtaugh recognizes the gunman, Darryl, a close friend of his son Nick. With Murtaugh emotionally distraught, Riggs and Cole head to the warehouse, where they successfully secure hisnext arms shipment delivery. That night, Riggs and Cole find they have feelings for each other and sleep together. Riggs later finds a guilt-ridden Murtaugh drunk in his boat and consoles him in time for Darryl's funeral.There, Darryl's father passionately insists that Murtaugh find the person responsible for giving Darryl the gun.Cole finds that Darryl's gun, the armor-piercing bullets, and the arms they recovered were originally in policecustody, meant to be destroyed, and were stolen by Travis; they revoke his credentials from the system. They further tie the guns to Tyrone and interrogate him. Tyrone directs them to an auto garage where many ofhis henchmen work from. Riggs, Murtaugh, and Cole are able to arrest several of the men. Meanwhile, Travis has one of his men hack into the computer system to find another arms storage area. He then forces CaptainMurphy under gunpoint to take him to this new facility so he can steal the guns using Murphy's credentials. Cole finds the evidence of hacking and Murphy's absence, and the three, along with a rookie cop, Edwards,who looks up to Riggs and Murtaugh, intercept Travis. They are able to rescue Murphy and stop Travis and his men before he can take the weapons, but Edwards is killed during their pursuit.Getz provides informationon a housing development owned by Travis's shell company. Riggs, Murtaugh, and Cole infiltrate the site at night and enter a large-scale gunfight. Riggs sets the construction site on fire and most of Travis' men arekilled, while Travis wounds Cole. When Travis uses a bulldozer to chase down Riggs, using its blade as a bullet shield, Murtaugh tosses Daryl's gun, now loaded with the armor-piercing bullets, to Riggs, who then shootsand kills Travis through the blade. After finding out Cole wore two layers of kevlar vests, Riggs admits his love for her as she is taken away in a chopper.The next day, Murtaugh's family is celebrating his retirement,when Murtaugh reveals to Getz that he has decided to not sell the house and stay with the force, preserving his partnership with Riggs. As the film ends, Riggs announces his relationship with Cole toMurtaugh.CastProductionThe movie was filmed from October 1991 to January 1992.Richard Donner, an animal-rights and pro-choice activist, placed many posters and stickers for these causes in the film. Of note arethe T-shirt worn by one of Murtaugh's daughters (the actress's idea), an 18-wheeler with an anti-fur slogan on the side, and a sticker on a locker in the police station.Demolition scenesIn the film's first scene, Riggsaccidentally sets off a bomb that destroys the ICSI Building. The ICSI Building was actually the former City Hall building of Orlando, Florida, located at the intersection of Orange Avenue and South Street in DowntownOrlando. Warner Bros. decided to use the destruction of the building in the film, and as a result paid $500,000 for the demolition. From August to October 1991, the production crew fitted the old Orlando City Hallbuilding featured in the opening scene with carefully placed explosives to create the visual effect of a bomb explosion. Bill Frederick, then mayor of Orlando, Florida, was the policeman who sarcastically claps and said"Bravo!" to Murtaugh and Riggs after the explosion.The building was demolished so that it would collapse slightly forward (toward Orange Avenue), minimizing the chances of it damaging the new City Hall building, builtdirectly behind it. The space was cleared out and became a plaza for the new City Hall, with a fountain and a monument.The film's climax scene, where an under-construction housing development is set ablaze, wasfilmed at an unfinished housing development in Lancaster, California. The unfinished houses, which had been sitting abandoned and slated to be torn down, were coated in flame retardant and propane gas lines toensure that the houses could withstand re-shoots. The original homes were eventually demolished and was eventually redeveloped into another housing development.During the closing credits, Riggs and Murtaughdrive up to an old hotel where another bomb has been placed. Before they (their doubles) can exit the car, the bomb explodes and destroys the building. The hotel was actually the former Soreno Hotel in downtown St.Petersburg, Florida. The film's producers agreed to help with the cost of the 68-year-old building's implosion for the purposes of their film.Hockey gameA November 26, 1991 NHL game between the Los Angeles Kingsand the Toronto Maple Leafs at the Great Western Forum served as the basis for the hockey scene featured in the movie.The league allowed production to capture the real-life action, although goaltender Kelly Hrudeyeventually became annoyed with the additional lights used by the crew and asked filming to stop.The NHL also let Donner stage part of the scene, where Riggs commandeers the arena's PA system to lure out JackTravis, during the game's second intermission. It was completed in two takes. However, the director was not allowed to film the segment where Riggs chases down Travis onto the ice that evening. It was completedafter a Kings practice. In closer shots, these sequences used extras dressed in unlicensed jerseys that only roughly resemble those worn by the actual teams. A contemporary AP report cites Lethal Weapon's excessiveviolence as the reason why the NHL limited its collaboration. However, the organization took a relaxed stance towards the more intense Sudden Death a few years later. The Los Angeles Kings later featured in a seasonthree episode of the Lethal Weapon TV series, entitled "What The Puck?".WritingJeffrey Boam's first two drafts of the script were different from the final film. The character of Lorna for example was not a woman inoriginal drafts, but the original character still had the same personality and was just as lethal and crazy as Riggs, making him his match. Riggs also had an affair with Roger's daughter Rianne, and a few parts in the finalfilm where Roger suspects that Riggs and Rianne are interested in each other are only parts left from the original drafts.Director Richard Donner demanded some big changes on the script which included changing theoriginal character of Lorna (who had a different name in earlier drafts) into a woman and turning her into Riggs's girlfriend. He also re-worked the script to be less story-oriented and not focus on the main villains butinstead on the relationship between Riggs and Murtaugh. He also toned down action scenes from the script and brought back Leo Getz into the story. All of his scenes were written in afterwards. In the original script Leohad left L.A. for New York. Boam had some disagreements with changes that Donner made, but he was not against them. Boam was fired after he wrote his first two drafts of the script. One of the reasons for this wasbecause Donner wasn't interested in the script and he disagreed with some parts of Boam's original draft. After another writer, Robert Mark Kamen, was hired to re-write the script, Boam was called to return to work onit again. The filmmakers realized that Kamen's re-writes were not working. Boam asked to work alone on the script and ended up constantly changing it from October 1991 until January 1992 while filming was takingplace. These types of changes also occurred during the filming of Lethal Weapon 2.According to Kamen in a 2012 interview, many of his writing contributions ended up in the final film. Kamen also wrote many parts ofthe previous film in the series, with the most significant portions being the South African villains.Screenwriter Jeffrey Boam is credited twice in the 'screenplay by' credits. This is because he did one draft by himself(granting him the first credit) and a second draft collaborating with Robert Mark Kamen (granting him the second credit). In this rare scenario, Boam was hired to rewrite his own script with a second writer. Afterreceiving the unusual writing credits, the advertising department assumed it was a misprint and produced posters with the credits "Story by Jeffrey Boam, Screenplay by Jeffrey Boam and Robert Mark Kamen". After afew of the posters had been sent out, the WGA contacted the department, telling them that the initial credits were the correct ones, and ordering the posters to be recalled and destroyed.Carrie Fisher was an uncreditedscript doctor on the film.Martial artsRusso received martial arts training for a month before shooting from Cheryl Wheeler-Dixon, who had a karate background and was a former kickboxing champion, andWheeler-Dixon was also her stunt double. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu instructor Rorion Gracie, who had taught Gibson and Gary Busey in the first movie of the series in 1987, also provided training to Russo and acted asstuntman for a fight scene.PromotionTo promote the film, theater lobbies featured a 3-D cutout of the film poster of Riggs and Murtaugh posing with their guns and Leo Getz peeking from the background. On thedisplay, there was a motor which helped Leo's head bob up and down from behind them.ReleaseBox officeLethal Weapon 3 made $33.2 million during its opening weekend. The $35 million film was a big box-officesuccess, earning $145 million. Although slightly less than the $150 million domestic gross of the first sequel, it was nevertheless the second-most successful summer film of 1992 (after Batman Returns) and the fifthmost profitable film of the year, as well as the highest-grossing in the film series worldwide with $320 million worldwide.After the film's success, Warner Bros. head Robert A. Daly bought Land Rovers for Gibson, Glover,Pesci, Russo, Donner, Boam, and producer Joel Silver. Daly later said "It cost us $320,000 to buy those Land Rovers, and we were criticized left and right for the expense. Do you know what it got us? Lethal Weapon 4,which made $285 million".Critical receptionRotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 58%, with an average rating of 5.6/10, based on 48 reviews from critics. The website's "Critics Consensus" for the film reads,"Murtaugh and Riggs remain an appealing partnership, but Lethal Weapon 3 struggles to give them a worthy new adventure as it cranks up the camp along with the mean-spiritedness". Metacritic gives a weightedaverage rating of 40/100 from 26 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gavethe film a positive review, awarding it 3 out of 4 stars.Home mediaLethal Weapon 3 has been released on VHS and DVD numerous times. The first DVD was released in 1997 and featured the film's theatrical version.The 1997 DVD contains both the widescreen and the pan and scan editions. The Director's Cut was released in 2000. Since then, numerous sets have been released that contain all four films in the series (featuring thesame DVDs). The film was released on Blu-ray Disc in 2011.SoundtrackLethal Weapon 3 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) was released on June 9, 1992, on audio cassette and CD. The soundtrack was performedand composed by Michael Kamen, Eric Clapton, and David Sanborn. Its title songs, "It's Probably Me", and "Runaway Train" were written and performed by Eric Clapton with the assistance of Sting and Elton Johnrespectively.In 2013 La-La Land Records issued the complete score on a two-disc set as part of Lethal Weapon Soundtrack Collection.Track listingOriginal album"It's Probably Me" by Sting and Eric Clapton"RunawayTrain" by Elton John and Eric Clapton"Grab the Cat""Leo Getz Goes to the Hockey Game""Darryl Dies""Riggs and Rog""Roger's Boat""Armour Piercing Bullets""God Judges Us by Our Scars""Lorna – A Quiet Evening bythe Fire"La-La Land albumTracks with one asterisk are previously unreleased, tracks with two asterisks contain previously unreleased material.Disc one"Trust Me" – 3:34 *"Afterglow" – 0:57"Jaywalker" – 2:01*"Armoured Car Chase" – 4:33 *"Leo Getz" – 3:20 **"Concrete Death" – 1:59 **"Rianne's Big Break" – 2:16 *"Locker Room" – 0:43 *"Firing Range" – 0:59 *"Jack Kills Billy" – 3:15 *"Hockey Game" – 0:58*"Dum-Dum Wound" – 1:07 *"Shooting Darryl, Part 1" – 3:12 **"Shooting Darryl, Part 2/Step into My Office" – 2:17 **"Man's Best Friend/Lorna's First Fight" – 6:41 **, *"Scars/Love Scene" – 3:45 *"Roger's Boat" –5:28 **"Shaving" – 1:17 *"Gun Montage/Lorna's Second Fight" – 3:33 *"Captain Abducted/Captain and Travis" – 1:34 *"Unauthorized Access" – 1:57 *"Gun Battle" – 3:47 **"Riggs Falls" – 2:11 *"Drive to HousingDevelopment/On Three" – 3:34 *"Fire/Fire Battle/A Quiet Evening by the Fire" – 7:01 *Disc twoOriginal album as above, followed by:Additional tracks"Leo Getz" (alternate) – 2:38 *"Armoured Car Chase" (no overlay) –4:33 *"Gun Battle" (alternate) – 5:26 *"I Can't Retire" – 1:30 **Video gamesSeveral versions of a Lethal Weapon video game were released in conjunction with this sequel's release, appearing on the NES, SNES, GameBoy, Amiga, Atari ST, and Commodore 64 platforms.Also released was a Lethal Weapon 3 pinball game.Passage 2:Lethal Weapon 2Lethal Weapon 2 is a 1989 American buddy cop action comedy film directed by RichardDonner, and starring Mel Gibson, Danny Glover, Joe Pesci, Joss Ackland, Derrick O'Connor and Patsy Kensit. It is a sequel to the 1987 film Lethal Weapon and the second installment in the Lethal Weapon filmseries.Gibson and Glover respectively reprise their roles as LAPD officers Martin Riggs and Roger Murtaugh, who protect an irritating federal witness (Pesci), while taking on a gang of South African drug dealers hidingbehind diplomatic immunity. The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Sound Editing (for Robert G. Henderson). The film received mostly positive reviews and earned more than $227 millionworldwide.PlotTwo years after the events of the first film, LAPD sergeants Martin Riggs and Roger Murtaugh are pursuing unidentified suspects suspected of drug trafficking, only to find they have been transporting anillegal shipment of gold in the form of krugerrand coins from the Afrikaner apartheid government of South Africa.  Later, consul-general Arjen Rudd and security agent Pieter Vorstedt kill Hans, their man who lost theshipment of krugerrands, and debate how to stir the police away from their activities. Pieter suggests warning Murtaugh off the investigation and commits a home invasion on his residence, causing Captain Murphy toreassign Riggs and Murtaugh to protecting an obnoxious federal witness, Leo Getz.It soon becomes clear that both cases are related: after an attempt on Leo's life, Riggs and Murtaugh learn of the former's murky pastlaundering funds for vengeful drug smugglers. Leo provides them with information about how laundering works and leads them to the gang, but upon dispatching his would-be assassin and returning with backup theyare confronted by Rudd, who invokes diplomatic immunity on behalf of his unscrupulous "associates", leaving the LAPD powerless to take action against them.Though instructed to leave the case alone, Riggs begins toopenly harass the South African consulate, defying Rudd and romancing his secretary, Rika van den Haas, a liberal-minded Afrikaner who despises her boss and his racial philosophy. Murtaugh enlists Leo's help increating a scene at the consulate that wins the support of anti-apartheid protesters outside. Vorstedt is dispatched to murder all of the officers investigating them while Murtaugh deduces that Rudd is attempting to shipfunds from his smuggling ring in the United States to Cape Town via Los Angeles Harbor. Two assassins attack Murtaugh at his home, but he kills them both with his contractor's nail gun, though Leo is abducted in theprocess.After killing many of the investigating officers, Vorstedt seizes Riggs at van den Haas' apartment and discloses that he was responsible for the death of Riggs's wife years earlier during a botched assassinationattempt on him. He has his men kill Rika by drowning her and orders them to do the same to Riggs, who escapes and brutally kills both of the men. He phones Murtaugh, declaring an intention to pursue Rudd andavenge his wife, Rika, and their fallen friends; Murtaugh willingly forsakes his badge to aid his partner. After rescuing Leo and destroying Rudd's house, they head for the Alba Varden, Rudd's freighter docked in the Portof Los Angeles, as the South Africans prepare their getaway with hundreds of millions in drug money.While investigating a guarded 40-foot cargo container at the docks, Riggs and Murtaugh discover Rudd's laundereddrug money, but are locked inside by Rudd's men. They break out of the box, scattering two pallets of the money into the harbor in the process. Riggs and Murtaugh engage in a firefight with some of Rudd's menaboard the Alba Varden before separating to hunt down Rudd.  Riggs confronts and fights Vorstedt hand-to-hand, culminating when Riggs stabs Vorstedt with his own knife and crushes him to death by dropping acontainer on him. Rudd retaliates by shooting Riggs in the back multiple times. Rudd again invokes diplomatic immunity upon seeing Murtaugh aim his gun at him; Murtaugh fatally shoots him and declares that hisimmunity has "just been revoked". Murtaugh then tends to Riggs, whom he believes may be dying and encourages him to hang on and that he is not dead until he says he is.  Discovering Riggs survived the shooting,they share a laugh as more LAPD personnel respond to the scene.CastProductionShane Black and Warren Murphy's original Play Dirty scriptFollowing the success of the first film, Warner Bros. and producers decided tomake the sequel. Producer Joel Silver asked writer of the first film Shane Black to write the script for the sequel in the spring of 1987 and Black agreed. Although he was struggling with personal issues, Black stillmanaged to write the first draft along with his friend, novelist Warren Murphy, co-creator of Remo Williams (the lead character of The Destroyer novels). Their original title for the script was Play Dirty. Although many