Passage 1:Buffalo Bill, Hero of the Far WestBuffalo Bill, Hero of the Far West  (Buffalo Bill, l'eroe del far west) is a 1964 Italian Spaghetti Western directed by Mario Costa.StoryBuffalo Bill is sent west by PresidentUlysses S. Grant to settle an Indian uprising started by Yellow Hand and supported by gun smugglers.CastGordon Scott as Colonel William "Buffalo Bill" CodyMario Brega as DonaldsonJan Hendriks as MonroeCatherineRibeiro as Rayon-de-Lune/MoonbeamPiero Lulli as RedMirko Ellis as Yellow HandHans von Borsody as Captain HunterRoldano Lupi as Colonel PetersonIngeborg Schöner as Mary PetersonFeodor Chaliapin, Jr.  as ChiefWhite FoxUgo Sasso as SnackLuigi Tosi as barmanFranco Fantasia as George, a poker playerAndrea Scotti as poker playerPassage 2:Battling with Buffalo BillBattling with Buffalo Bill is a 1931 American pre-CodeWestern serial film directed by Ray Taylor and starring Tom Tyler, Lucile Browne, William Desmond, Rex Bell, and Francis Ford.Based on the book The Great West That Was by William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody, the film isabout a cowboy named Buffalo Bill who goes up against a shady gambler who is attempting to scare off the townspeople so he can gain possession of a gold strike. When a nearby Indian tribe is provoked into attackingthe town, the cavalry rides in to the rescue. Cody's book was also used as the inspiration for the studio's highly successful 1930 serial The Indians Are Coming.Battling with Buffalo Bill was Universal Pictures's 78thserial, the 10th with sound and 4th with full sound, of the studio's total of 137 serials.PlotThe plot is a variation on the standard B-Western "Land Grab" plot: Gold has been discovered in the area and gambler JimRodney intends to make sole claim to it by pushing the rightful owners off the land and taking it for himself. To do so he has his henchmen kill an Indian woman, provoking attacks from her tribe. This brings Buffalo Billand the United States Cavalry into the town. Buffalo Bill proceeds to defeat Rodney and his schemes.CastTom Tyler as William "Buffalo Bill" CodyLucile Browne as Jane Mills, Buffalo Bill's love interestWilliam Desmond asJohn MillsRex Bell as Dave Archer, Buffalo Bill's sidekick.Francis Ford as Jim Rodney, villainous gambler trying to illicitly claim a local gold strikeGeorge Regas as 'Breed' JohnsYakima Canutt as Scout Jack BradyBudOsborne as Joe Tampas, one of Rodney's henchmenJoe Bonomo as Joe BradyJim Thorpe as Swift ArrowProductionAlong with the more successful The Indians Are Coming (1930) this serial was based on the book "TheGreat West That Was" by Buffalo Bill Cody.StuntsJoe BonomoYakima CanuttCliff LyonsChapter titlesCaptured by RedskinsCircling DeathBetween Hostile TribesThe Savage HordeThe Fatal PlungeTrappedThe UnseenKillerSentenced to DeathThe Death TrapA Shot from AmbushThe Flaming DeathCheyenne VengeanceSource:See alsoList of American films of 1931List of film serials by yearList of film serials by studioPassage 3:BuffaloBillWilliam Frederick Cody (February 26, 1846 – January 10, 1917), known as Buffalo Bill, was an American soldier, bison hunter, and showman. He was born in Le Claire, Iowa Territory (now the U.S. state of Iowa), buthe lived for several years in his father's hometown in modern-day Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, before the family returned to the Midwest and settled in the Kansas Territory.Buffalo Bill started working at the age of 11,after his father's death, and became a rider for the Pony Express at age 15. During the American Civil War, he served the Union from 1863 to the end of the war in 1865. Later he served as a civilian scout for the U.S.Army during the Indian Wars, receiving the Medal of Honor in 1872.One of the most famous and well-known figures of the American Old West, Buffalo Bill's legend began to spread when he was only 23. Shortlythereafter he started performing in shows that displayed cowboy themes and episodes from the frontier and Indian Wars. He founded Buffalo Bill's Wild West in 1883, taking his large company on tours in the UnitedStates and, beginning in 1887, in Great Britain and continental Europe.Early life and educationCody was born on February 26, 1846, on a farm just outside Le Claire, Iowa. His father, Isaac Cody, was born onSeptember 5, 1811, in Toronto Township, Upper Canada, now part of Mississauga, Ontario, directly west of Toronto. Mary Ann Bonsell Laycock, Bill's mother, was born about 1817 in Trenton, New Jersey. She moved toCincinnati to teach school, and there she met and married Isaac. She was a descendant of Josiah Bunting, a Quaker who had settled in Pennsylvania. There is no evidence to indicate Buffalo Bill was raised as a Quaker.In 1847 the couple moved to Ontario, having their son baptized in 1847, as William Cody, at the Dixie Union Chapel in Peel County (present-day Peel Region, of which Mississauga is a part), not far from the farm of hisfather's family. The chapel was built with Cody money, and the land was donated by Philip Cody of Toronto Township. They lived in Ontario for several years.In 1853, Isaac Cody sold his land in rural Scott County, Iowa,for $2000 (around $68,000 in today's money) and the family moved to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas Territory. In the years before the Civil War, Kansas was overtaken by political and physical conflict over the slaveryquestion. Isaac Cody was against slavery. He was invited to speak at Rively's store, a local trading post where pro-slavery men often held meetings. His antislavery speech so angered the crowd that they threatened tokill him if he did not step down. A man jumped up and stabbed him twice with a Bowie knife. Rively, the store's owner, rushed Cody to get treatment, but he never fully recovered from his injuries.In Kansas, the familywas frequently persecuted by pro-slavery supporters. Cody's father spent time away from home for his safety. His enemies learned of a planned visit to his family and plotted to kill him on the way. Bill, despite his youthand being ill at the time, rode thirty miles (48 km) to warn his father. Isaac Cody went to Cleveland, Ohio, to organize a group of thirty families to bring back to Kansas, to add to the antislavery population. During hisreturn trip, he caught a respiratory infection which, compounded by the lingering effects of his stabbing and complications from kidney disease, led to his death in April 1857.After his death, the family sufferedfinancially. At age 11, Bill took a job with a freight carrier as a "boy extra". On horseback he would ride up and down the length of a wagon train and deliver messages between the drivers and workmen. Next, he joinedJohnston's Army as an unofficial member of the scouts assigned to guide the United States Army to Utah, to put down a rumored rebellion by the Mormon population of Salt Lake City.According to Cody's account inBuffalo Bill's Own Story, the Utah War was where he began his career as an "Indian fighter":Presently the moon rose, dead ahead of me; and painted boldly across its face was the figure of an Indian. He wore thiswar-bonnet of the Sioux, at his shoulder was a rifle pointed at someone in the river-bottom 30 feet [9 meters] below; in another second he would drop one of my friends. I raised my old muzzle-loader and fired. Thefigure collapsed, tumbled down the bank and landed with a splash in the water. "What is it?" called McCarthy, as he hurried back. "It's over there in the water." "Hi!" he cried. "Little Billy's killed an Indian all by himself!"So began my career as an Indian fighter.At the age of 14, in 1860, Cody was caught up in the "gold fever", with news of gold at Fort Colville and the Holcomb Valley Gold Rush in California. On his way to the goldfields,however, he met an agent for the Pony Express. He signed with them, and after building several stations and corrals, Cody was given a job as a rider. He worked at this until he was called home to his sick mother'sbedside.Cody claimed to have had many jobs, including trapper, bullwhacker, "Fifty-Niner" in Colorado, Pony Express rider in 1860, wagonmaster, stagecoach driver, and a hotel manager, but historians have haddifficulty documenting them. He may have fabricated some for publicity. Namely, it is argued that in contrast to Cody's claims, he never rode for the Pony Express, but as a boy, he did work for its parent company, thetransport firm of Russell, Majors, and Waddell. In contrast to the adventurous rides, hundreds of miles long, that he recounted in the press, his real job was to carry messages on horseback from the firm's office inLeavenworth to the telegraph station three miles away.Military servicesAfter his mother recovered, Cody wanted to enlist as a soldier in the Union Army during the American Civil War but was refused because of hisyoung age. He began working with a freight caravan that delivered supplies to Fort Laramie in present-day Wyoming. In 1863, at age 17, he enlisted as a teamster with the rank of private in Company H, 7th KansasCavalry, and served until discharged in 1865.The next year, Cody married Louisa Frederici. They had four children. Two died young, while the family was living in Rochester, New York. They and a third child are buriedin Mount Hope Cemetery, in Rochester.In 1866, he reunited with his old friend Wild Bill Hickok in Junction City, Kansas, then serving as a scout. Cody enlisted as a scout himself at Fort Ellsworth and scouted betweenthere and Fort Fletcher (later renamed and moved to Fort Hays). He was attached as a scout, variously, to Captain George Augustus Armes (Battle of the Saline River) and Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer(guide and impromptu horse race to Fort Larned). It was during this service at Fort Ellsworth that he met William Rose, with whom he would found the short-lived settlement of Rome.In 1867, with the construction ofthe Kansas Pacific Railway completing through Hays City and Rome, Cody was granted a leave of absence to hunt buffalo to supply railroad construction workers with meat. This endeavor continued into 1868, which sawhis hunting contest with William Comstock.Cody returned to Army service in 1868. From his post in Fort Larned, he performed an exceptional feat of riding as a lone dispatch courier from Fort Larned to Fort Zarah(escaping brief capture), Fort Zarah to Fort Hays, Fort Hays to Fort Dodge, Fort Dodge to Fort Larned, and, finally, Fort Larned to Fort Hays, a total of 350 miles in 58 hours through hostile territory, covering the last 35miles on foot. In response, General Philip Sheridan assigned him Chief of Scouts for the 5th Cavalry Regiment.He was also Chief of Scouts for the Third Cavalry in later campaigns of the Plains Wars.In January 1872,Cody was a scout for the highly publicized hunting expedition of the Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia.Medal of HonorCody was awarded the Medal of Honor in 1872 for documented gallantry above and beyondthe call of duty as an Army scout in the Indian Wars. It was revoked in 1917, along with medals of 910 other recipients dating back to the Revolutionary War, when Congress decided to create a hierarchy of medals,designating the "Medal of Honor" as the highest military honor it could bestow. Subsequent regulations authorized the War Department to revoke prior Medal of Honor awards it considered not meeting requirementssince the introduction of strict regulations promulgated under the 1917 law. Those regulations required the medal to be awarded for acts of bravery above and beyond the call of duty by officers or enlisted soldiers.Ironically, the law was enacted days before Buffalo Bill died, so he never knew a law might rescind the medal awarded to him. All civilian scout medals were rescinded since they did not appear to meet the basic criterionof being officers or enlisted soldiers, which had been expressly listed in every authorizing statute ever enacted for the Medal of Honor. Cody was one of five scouts affected. Their medals were stripped shortly after Codydied in 1917.Cody's relatives objected, and, for over 72 years, they wrote repeatedly to the US Congress seeking reconsideration. All efforts failed, until a 1988 letter to the Senate from Cody's grandson received by theoffice of senator Alan K. Simpson of Wyoming, when a newly minted legislative assistant (K. Yale) took up the cause in 1989. The legal brief he drafted and submitted to the Department of Defense on behalf of therelatives of Buffalo Bill argued that civilian scouts were technically officers, as their native American counterparts were nominally scouts. However, they were given the rank and pay of officers – both for retentionpurposes. Also, scouts were the equivalent of "reconnaissance" for the military and thus provided highly valued services. In addition, a practical reason was to avoid mistaking them for opponents in skirmishes.Moreover, although civilian scouts might have normally been officers because of their highly valued skills, the military drawdown and related budget cuts after the Civil War left no billets available for the civilian scoutsto fill, and thus they were relegated to a highly qualified status that treated them as valuable military assets without the designation or retirement benefits of officers. Nevertheless, they were treated as high-rankingmilitary officials and had status of officers alongside their native American brethren. The brief argued for retroactive restoration of the Medal of Honor to Buffalo Bill, and the Department of Defense required the appealto be adjudicated by the Army Board for Correction of Military Records. After months of deliberation, the Board agreed with the persuasive legal brief and made the decision to restore the Medal of Honor, not only toBuffalo Bill but also several other civilian scouts whose medals had also been rescinded.Long after the medal was restored, the decision was thought to be controversial for several reasons. Some people interpretedSimpson's submission as arguing that the law had never required Cody to be a soldier. However, this was never a key element of Simpson's brief. According to these interpretations, Simpson's submission cited a book,Above and Beyond, to illustrate the lack of requirement to be a soldier. However, it was recognized in the legal brief that Medal of Honor recipients had to be an officer or enlisted soldier. Another problem cited by somewas the authority of the Board to contravene several federal statutes because the Medal of Honor revocation had been expressly authorized by Congress, meaning that the restoration went against the law in force in1872, the law requiring the revocation in 1916, and the modern statute enacted in 1918 that remains substantially unmodified today. However, the legal brief clearly did not suggest overturning of the law, but ratherconforming the status of civilian scouts to that of other scouts similarly situated (source: copy of the actual legal brief, by the author).Since the Board of Correction is merely a delegation of the Secretary of the Army'sauthority, some suggest a separation of powers conflict, since even the president cannot contravene a clear statute and, although Cody's case was dealt with below the cabinet level, the legal brief was written inconformance with the statutes. Modern Medal of Honor cases originating from the board, such as the recent case of Garlin Conner, required both executive action as well as a statutory waiver from Congress, whichunderscores the point that some cases might be in conflict with statutes.In the Cody case, the board's governing assistant secretary recognized that it lacked the authority to reinstate the medal directly, and so decidedto return the case to the board for reconsideration. As a result, the board amended Cody's record to make him an enlisted soldier – aligning it with the legal argument that civilian scouts were the equivalent to officersor enlisted soldiers – so that he would fall within the legal requirements and did the same for four other civilian guides who had also had their medals rescinded. In doing so, the board overlooked the fact that Cody wasa civilian guide with far greater employment flexibility than a soldier, including the ability to resign at will. Nevertheless the Board did recognize the value that all scouts provided, whether Native American or otherwise,and how they volunteered to put themselves in harm's way (in the case of Buffalo Bill, saving the lives of several soldiers by rushing onto an active battlefield and pulling them to safety while under fire) instead ofpursuing less demanding civilian jobs.NicknameCody received the nickname "Buffalo Bill" after the American Civil War, when he had a contract to supply Kansas Pacific Railroad workers with buffalo (American bison)meat. Cody is purported to have killed 4,282 buffalo in eighteen months in 1867 and 1868. Cody and another hunter, Bill Comstock, competed in an eight-hour buffalo-shooting match over the exclusive right to use thename, which Cody won by killing 68 animals to Comstock's 48. Comstock, part Cheyenne and a noted hunter, scout, and interpreter, used a fast-shooting Henry repeating rifle, while Cody competed with a larger-caliberSpringfield Model 1866, which he called Lucretia Borgia, after the notorious Italian noblewoman, the subject of a popular contemporary Gaetano Donizetti opera Lucrezia Borgia, based on Victor Hugo's play of the samename. Cody explained that while his formidable opponent, Comstock, chased after his buffalo, engaging from the rear of the herd and leaving a trail of killed buffalo "scattered over a distance of three miles", Cody –likening his strategy to a billiards player "nursing" his billiard balls during "a big run" – first rode his horse to the front of the herd to target the leaders, forcing the followers to one side, eventually causing them to circleand create an easy target, and dropping them close together.Birth of the legendIn 1869, the 23-year-old Cody met Ned Buntline, who later published a story based on Cody's adventures (largely invented by the writer)in Street and Smith's New York Weekly and then published a highly successful novel, Buffalo Bill, King of the Bordermen, which was first serialized on the front page of the Chicago Tribune, beginning that December 15.Many other sequels followed by Buntline, Prentiss Ingraham and others from the 1870s through the early part of the twentieth century. Cody later became world-famous for Buffalo Bill's Wild West, a touring show whichtraveled around the United States, Great Britain, and Continental Europe. Audiences were enthusiastic about seeing a piece of the American West. Emilio Salgari, a noted Italian writer of adventure stories, met BuffaloBill when he came to Italy and saw his show; Salgari later featured Cody as a hero in some of his novels.Buffalo Bill's Wild WestIn December 1872, Cody traveled to Chicago to make his stage debut with his friend TexasJack Omohundro in The Scouts of the Prairie, one of the original Wild West shows produced by Ned Buntline. The effort was panned by critics – one critic compared Cody's acting to a "diffident schoolboy" – but thehandsome performer was a hit with the sold-out crowds.In 1873, Cody invited "Wild Bill" Hickok to join the group in a new play called Scouts of the Plains. Hickok did not enjoy acting and often hid behind scenery; inone show, he shot at the spotlight when it focused on him. He was therefore released from the group after a few months. Cody founded the Buffalo Bill Combination in 1874, in which he performed for part of the yearwhile scouting on the prairies the rest of the year. The troupe toured for ten years. Cody's part typically included a reenactment of an 1876 incident at Warbonnet Creek, where he claimed to have scalped a Cheyennewarrior.In 1883, in the area of North Platte, Nebraska, Cody founded Buffalo Bill's Wild West, a circus-like attraction that toured annually. (Contrary to the popular misconception, the word Show was not a part of thetitle.) In 1886, Cody and Nate Salsbury, his theatrical manager, entered into partnership with Evelyn Booth (1860–1901), a big-game hunter and scion of the aristocratic Booth family. It was at this time Buffalo Bill'sCowboy Band was organized. The band was directed by William Sweeney, a cornet player who served as leader of the Cowboy Band from 1883 until 1913. Sweeney handled all of the musical arrangements and wrote amajority of the music performed by the Cowboy Band.In 1893, Cody changed the title to Buffalo Bill's Wild West and Congress of Rough Riders of the World. The show began with a parade on horseback, withparticipants from horse-culture groups that included the US and another military, cowboys, American Indians, and performers from all over the world in their best attire. Turks, gauchos, Arabs, Mongols and Georgiansdisplayed their distinctive horses and colorful costumes. Visitors would see main events, feats of skill, staged races, and sideshows. Many historical western figures participated in the show. For example, Sitting Bullappeared with a band of 20 of his braves.Cody's headline performers were well-known in their own right. Annie Oakley and her husband, Frank Butler, were sharpshooters, together with the likes of Gabriel Dumont and


Passage 1:Henry II, Count of Reuss-GeraHenry II of Reuss (younger line) (10 June 1572 in Gera – 23 December [O.S. 13 December] 1635 in Gera), nicknamed the Posthumous because his father died two monthsbefore he was born,  was Lord of Gera, Lord of Lobenstein and Lord of Oberkranichfeld.LifeHenry II was born posthumously, as the only son of Henry XVI of Reuss-Gera (1530-1572), the founder of the Younger Line,and his wife, Countess Dorothea of Solms-Sonnewalde (1547-1595), daughter of Frederick Magnus I, Count of Solms-Laubach.Henry successfully promoted education and the economy of his country.  In 1608, hefounded the Rutheneum Gymnasium in Gera (now the Goethe-Gymnasium/Rutheneum).  Against the advice of his theological councillor, he granted asylum to Calvinist refugees from Flanders and housed them in hiscapital city Gera.  This led to an upsurge in wool production and an economic boom.  During his reign, Gera also developed into the cultural centre of the Reuss areas.  He had a particular fondness for "ring riding", andwas a frequent guest at the courts in Vienna and Dresden.Henry II died on 23 December 1635 and was buried in the Salvator Church in Gera.  The composer Heinrich Schütz wrote his Musikalische Exequien for thisoccasion.  His elaborately decorated copper outer coffin, with biblical proverbs and evangelical chorals, was transferred from the Salvator Church to the St. John church in 1995.  In 2011, it was displayed in an exhibitionabout funeral practices in the early modern age in the city museum of Gera.  It has also been on display in the Museum for Sepulchral Culture in Kassel.Marriages and issueIn Weikersheim on 7 February 1594, Henry IImarried firstly Magdalena (28 December 1572 – 2 April 1596), daughter of Wolfgang, Count of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim-Langenburg. They had one daughter:Dorothea Magdalena (25 February 1595 – 29 October 1647),married in 1620 to Burgrave George of Kirchberg.In Rudolstadt on 22 May 1597, Henry II married secondly Magdalena (12 Apr 1580 – 22 Apr 1652), daughter of Count Albert VII of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt. They hadseventeen children:Juliane Marie (1 February 1598 – 4 January 1650), married in 1614 to Count David of Mansfeld-Schraplau.Henry I (21 February 1599 – 27 July 1599)Agnes (17 April 1600 – 1 February 1642),married in 1627 to Count Ernest Louis of Mansfeld-Heldrungen.Elisabeth Magdalene (8 May 1601 – 4 April 1641).Henry II (14 August 1602 – 28 May 1670), Lord of Gera and Saalburg.Henry III (31 Oct 1603 – 12 July1640), Lord of Schleiz.Henry IV (21 December 1604 – 3 November 1628).Henry V (3 November 1606 – 3/7 November 1606), twin with Henry VI.Henry VI (3 November 1606 – 3/7 November 1606), twin with HenryV.Sophie Hedwig (24 February 1608 – 22 January 1653).Dorothea Sibylle (7 October 1609 – 25 November 1631), married in 1627 to Baron Christian Schenk of Tautenburg.Henry VII (15 October 1610 – 24 July1611).Henry VIII (19 June 1613 – 24 September 1613).Anna Katharina (24 March 1615 – 16 February 1682).Henry IX (22 May 1616 – 9 January 1666), Lord of Schleiz.Ernestine (19 March 1618 – 23 February 1650),married in 1639 to Otto Albert of Schönburg-Hartenstein.Henry X (9 September 1621 – 25 January 1671), Lord of Lobenstein and Ebersdorf.HonorsSince 2008, the motor car of one of the trams in Gera bears hisname.Passage 2:Enguerrand V de CoucyEnguerrand V, Lord of Coucy (-after 1321) inherited the title of Lord of Coucy and castle from his maternal uncle, Enguerrand IV in 1311.  He was also lord of Oisy andMontmirail.BiographyEnguerrand was the second son of Arnould III, Count of Guînes and Alix de Coucy, daughter of Enguerrand III, Lord of Coucy. His father, Arnould, sold the county of Guines to King Louis IX ofFrance, forcing Enguerrand to find his fortune abroad. After arriving in Scotland, he married Christiana Lindsay in Scotland. Christiana was the daughter of William Lindsay and Ada Balliol, sister of John Balliol. Theirwedding was arranged by their mutual cousin, King Alexander III of Scotland. Enguerrand was present at the recognition of Margaret as Alexander III's heir and the Treaty of Birgham in 1290.On 28 May 1283,Enguerrand pledged his service to King Edward I of England.When Enguerrand's maternal uncle, Enguerrand IV, died without leaving any heirs, the titles and lands of Coucy were passed to Enguerrand.IssueEnguerrandand Christiana had four sons:Guillaume de Coucy, Lord of Coucy,  Marle, La Fère, Oisy and Montmirel, married Isabeau de Châtillon-Saint-Pol, had issue.Enguerrand de Coucy, Viscount of Meaux, Lord of LaFerté-Ancoul, Tresmes and Belonnes, married firstly Marie de Vianden, Dame de Rumpt and secondly Allemande Flotte de Revel, had issue.Baudouin de CoucyRobert de Coucy, Lord of La Ferté-Gaucher.Passage3:Charles II Henri van de Werve, Lord of SchildeBaron Charles-Henri van de Werve (1672-1721), Lord of Schilde, Lord of Giessen-Oudkerk, Lord of Wavre-Notre-Dame and Lord of Wavrans, formed part of a very old,important and noble family of Antwerp, House van de Werve.FamilyHe was the son of Charles I Bruno van de Werve, Lord of Schilde; and of Cornélie van de Werve, daughter of the Lord of Westkercke. Through hisgrandmother side he is one of the descendants of Erasmus II Schetz. He married Eléonore de Varick in 1696. Eléonore was the daughter of Charles-Hyacinthe de Varick, Lord of Court St-Etienne and of Witterzée; and ofEléonore-Louise de Haynin, Lady of Wavrans.They had 4 children's:Eléonore-Marie van de Werve (1698–1726).X1(1716): She married Charles-François Boot, Lord of Veltem, Oppem, Sombeke and La Motte.X2(1724):She married Ferdinand-Joseph, marquess de la Puente y Reiffenberg, baron of Limal, Lord of Bierges.Gertrude-Madeleine van de Werve (1700–1746): She married in 1725 her cousin Philippe-Adrien de Varick, viscountof Brussels, baron of Woluwe-Saint-Lambert and of Libersart, Lord of Boendaal, Ixelles, Huizingen and Eizingen.Baron Charles-Philippe van de Werve (1702–1744), Lord of Schilde, Giessen-Oudkerk andWavre-Notre-Dame.Charles III Philippe van de Werve, 1st Count of Vorsselaer (1706–1776): baron of Lichtaert and of Rielen, Lord of Giessen-Oudkerk. He married Marie-Anne de Pret, Lady of Vorsselaer, Lichtaert andRielen.AncestryExternal linkshttps://web.archive.org/web/20070312045421/http://vandewerve.skyblog.com/Passage 4:Eric Longlegs, Lord of LangelandErik Eriksøn, also known as Eric Longlegs (Danish: ErikLangben), (1272–1310), Lord of Langeland, was the second son of Eric I, Duke of Schleswig and younger brother of Valdemar IV, Duke of Schleswig.LifeEric was born in 1272 as the second son of Eric I, Duke ofSchleswig, by his wife Margaret of Rugia. He held the island of Langeland in fief and inherited the properties of the ducal family in southern Funen, just as his uncle, Abel, Lord of Langeland, had before him. He ismentioned for the first time as responsible for the killing of the seneschal Skjalm Stigsen on 23 August 1292. The murder was probably a result of the enmity caused when King Eric VI of Denmark, after coming of age,confiscated the fief of Langeland and the properties of the ducal family in southern Funen.Together with his brother, Duke Valdemar, he joined the king's enemies. In 1293, there was a clash between the two parties atSommersted Heath near Haderslev which resulted in a compromise where Eric received Langeland as a fief.Subsequently, he married Sophia of Querfurt, a daughter of Jutta of Saxony, widow of King Eric IV of Denmarkin her second marriage to Burchard VIII, Count of Querfurt-Rosenburg. Sophia was thus a half-sister of King Eric IV's daughters, among which were the deceased Queen Ingeborg of Norway, mother of King Eric II ofNorway. The marriage thus connected Eric to the king of Norway, who knighted him, and also led to a new conflict with King Eric VI, who retained his wife's inheritance from her half-sisters.On 3 February 1296 acompromise was entered in Vordingborg, in which the king promised to hand over Sophia's inheritance, but where the ducal family's properties in southern Funen, which had formerly belonged to Abel, Lord ofLangeland, were kept by the king as lawfully acquired from Abel's daughter. Only the city of Rudkøbing was transferred to become part of the fief of Langeland, and Eric confirmed the city's rights on the same day.Ericdied in 1310. In 1315, Sophia, in the presence of the king and several noblemen, donated the inheritance of her sisters to Saint Agnes' Priory in Roskilde, keeping only the city of Skælskør for herself.Marriage andissueEric married Sophia of Querfurt, a daughter of Burchard VIII, Count of Querfurt-Rosenburg, Burgrave of Magdeburg and Jutta of Saxony, widow of Eric IV of Denmark. The marriage was childless.AncestryPassage5:Abel, Lord of LangelandAbel Abelsøn (1252 – 2 April 1279), Lord of Langeland, was the third son of King Abel of Denmark, Duke of Schleswig, and younger brother of Valdemar III, Duke of Schleswig and Eric I, Dukeof Schleswig. As a member of the ducal family, he held several fiefs in Southern Denmark.LifeAbel was born in 1252 as the third and posthumous son of King Abel of Denmark, Duke of Schleswig, by his wife, Mechtild ofHolstein. In the settlement with his brother Eric after the death of their elder brother Duke Valdemar III, Abel received the cities of Svendborg, Rudkøbing, and possibly also Faaborg on the island of Funen, and as a fiefthe island of Langeland. Abel died on Easter Day 1279 in Svendborg and was buried in Greyfriars’ Abbey.At his death, he left only a daughter Margaret, who entered the convent of Zarrentin in Mecklenburg and donatedher father's properties to her relatives, the counts of Holstein. They later sold it to King Eric VI of Denmark.Marriage and issueAbel appears to have married a daughter of Gunzelin III, Count of Schwerin:Margaret,abbess of Zarrentin. As abbess, she instituted a requiem mass for her father in 1317.AncestryPassage 6:John I, Lord of PolanenJohn I, Lord of Polanen (c. 1285 – 26 September 1342) was Lord of Polanen, Lord of DeLek and Lord of Breda.LifeJohn was a son of Philips III van Duivenvoorde (?-c. 1308) and Elisabeth van Vianen.Lord of PolanenUpon the death of his father, John I became Lord of Polanen Castle. In his early years, Johngot help from his uncle Diederik van der Wale.Lord of HeemskerkIn 1327 John bought Oud Haerlem  Castle and the lordships (ambachtsheerlijkheden) of Heemskerk and Castricum. The price was only 100 pounds.In1328 John took part in the Battle of Cassel, and in 1329 he was knighted. In 1339 he became bailiff of KennemerlandLord of BredaIn 1322 John married Catharina van Van Brederode (died 1372). He was the father ofJohn II, Lord of Polanen.Passage 7:John I, Lord of EgmondJohn I, Lord of Egmond (before 1310 – 28 December 1369) was Lord of Egmond, Lord of IJsselstein, bailiff of Kennemerland (1353-1354) and stadtholder ofHolland.LifeHe was a son of Walter II and his wife, Beatrix of Doortogne.  He is first mentioned in 1328, when he fights in the Battle of Cassel and accompanies Count William III of Holland to Flanders, to assist theCount of Flanders suppressing a rebellion in Bruges and the surrounding area.In 1343, he is a member of a group of bailiffs who administer Holland while the Count is travelling.  In 1344, he is enfeoffed withNieuwendoorn castle.  He participated in the third crusade of Count William IV to Prussia and in the Siege of Utrecht in 1345, but not in the disastrous Battle of Warns later that year.In subsequent years, he played animportant role in the politics of Holland.  In 1350, he was one of the signatories of the Cod Alliance Treaty that set off the Hook and Cod wars.  He fought in the Battle of Naarden in 1350 and in the Battle of Zwartewaalin 1351.  He was then sent to England to mediate in the dispute between Countess Margaret and her son, Count William V, however, he was unsuccessful.After he returned to Holland, he began a campaign against thecitizens of Bunschoten in 1355.  In the winter of 1356, he besieged the castle of Nyevelt, on the orders of the count, and took it after a seven-week siege.  In 1356, William V appointed him governor of the area abovethe Meuse, jointly with his brother Gerry.  In 1358, William V was declared insane by his brother Albert.  John I was a member of the regency council.  In 1359, he is one of the Cod leaders to sign a reconciliation withthe city of Delft.In 1363, his father-in-law, Lord Arnold of IJsselstein died and John I inherited the Lordship of IJsselstein.He died in 1369 and was buried in the church of IJsselstein.Marriage and issueHe married Guidaof IJsselstein and had the following children:Arnold (c. 1337– 1409), his successorGerryAlbert, a canon in UtrechtBeatrix, married Ghisbert of VianenBearteMaria (d. c. 1384), married Philip IV of WassenaerCatherine,married Bartholomew of RaephorstAntonia, abbess in 's-HertogenboschElisabethGretaPassage 8:Eric I, Duke of SchleswigEric I Abelsøn (Danish: Erik 1. Abelsøn af Danmark) (died 27 May 1272) was a Danish nobleman.He was the ruling Duke of Schleswig from 1260 until his death in 1272. He was the second son of King Abel of Denmark, Duke of Schleswig and Mechtild of Holstein.Early lifeAfter the death of his elder brother DukeValdemar III in 1257, Eric inherited the claim to the Duchy of Schleswig. However, his uncle and potential feudal overlord King Christopher I of Denmark refused to install him as duke.Subsequently, Eric participated inthe coalition of Bishop Peder Bang of Roskilde and Prince Jaromar II of Rugia against King Christopher. He took part in the military campaign of 1259 which resulted in the conquest of Copenhagen.Duke ofSchleswigAfter the death of Christopher in 1259, he was created Duke of Schleswig by the new king Eric V in 1260.Already the following year, fighting with the king broke out anew. The Queen Dowager, MargaretSambiria, acting as regent for her under age son, feared aggression from the Duke. However, Duke Eric was able to defeat the royal army at the Battle of Lohede and capture the young King Eric and his mother. As aresult, he was able to obtain huge advantages for his duchy at the subsequent treaty in 1264.In 1268, he acquired Gottorp Castle from Bishop Bonde of Schleswig, who then moved his residence to Schwabstedt.DukeEric died 27 May 1272.Marriage and issueEric married Margaret of Rugia, a daughter of Jaromar II, Prince of Rugia in 1259 or 1260. They had the following children:Margaret (died after 1313), married Helmold III,Count of SchwerinValdemar IV, Duke of Schleswig (app. 1265–1312)Eric (Longbone), from 1295 Lord of Langeland (1272–1310), married Sophia Burghardsdatter (died 1325), daughter of Queen dowager Jutta ofDenmark and Count Burchard VIII of Querfurt-Rosenburg, Burgrave of Magdeburg== Ancestry ==Passage 9:John II, Lord of PolanenJohn III, Lord of Polanen (c. 1325 – 3 November 1378 in Breda) was Lord of Polanen,Lord of De Lek and Lord of Breda.LifeHe was a son of John I, Lord of Polanen and Catherine of Brederode. Polanen Castle near Monster was the ancestral seat of the family. In 1327 John I had acquired Oud HaerlemCastle. In 1339, John II purchased the Lordship of Breda and built Breda Castle, together with his father.John succeeded his father in 1342 and also took over his father's position as councilor of the Count of Holland andZeeland. In the autumn of 1343, he accompanied Count William IV on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. He also participated in a crusade against the Prussians. He was not present in the September 1345 campaign againstthe Frisians, which saw William IV killed during the disastrous Battle of Warns. On 17 November 1345, John II granted Polanen Castle in arrear fief to his younger brother Philip I of Polanen.First phase of the Hook andCod WarsWilliam of Duivenvoorde and his nephew John II were leaders of what would become known as the 'Hook' party during the Hook and Cod wars. In 1350, they travelled to Hainaut to pay homage to CountessMargaret II. Somewhere between 1347 and 1350, John was appointed Burgrave of Geertruidenberg. In 1350, he purchased the Land of Breda for 43000 florins from John III, Duke of Brabant. He also acquired highjustice over Breda.The Hook and Cod wars started in earnest in about March 1351. Polanen Castle was besieged for 2 weeks and then demolished. Oud Haerlem Castle was taken after a siege which lasted more than 6months, even though John van not present. The Siege of Geertuidenberg Castle lasted from October 1351 to August 1352. Here John's brother Philip commanded as his lieutenant. As a result of the war John lost theLordship of De Lek.During the regency of Albert of BavariaIn 1358, Albert of Bavaria became regent of Holland for his brother. This was good for the members of the old Hook faction. In 1358 John was somewhatcompensated for his losses with other fiefs and possessions.In BrabantWhatever the later events in Holland, John seems to have concentrated his efforts on extending his holdings in the Breda area. It made him more ofa Brabant than a Holland lord.John II was captured during the 1371 Battle of Baesweiler. He was released several months later, after his relatives had paid a ransom. In 1375, he was appointed stadtholder of the GreatHolme.John II died in 1378 and was buried in the Church of Our Lady in Breda.Marriages and issueJohn II of Polanen married three times.In 1340, he married Oda of Horne-Altena (1318-1353), daughter of Willem IV ofHorne. They had three children:John III, his heirBeatrice (c. 1344 – 1394); married Henry VIII, the son of Henry VII, Lord of Bautershem, who was also Lord of Bergen op Zoom as Henry I, and his wife, MariaMerxheim, Lady of Wuustwezel and BrechtOda (c. 1351 – 15th century), married Henry III, Burgrave of MontfoortIn 1353, he married Matilda (c. 1324 – 1366), an illegitimate daughter of John III, Duke ofBrabant.  They had two sons:Dirck of the Leck (d. 1416), married Gilisje of Cralingen.  He was outlawed for a while, because he was suspected of having participated in the murder of Aleid van PoelgeestHenry of theLeck (d. 1427), married Jeanne of Ghistelles, and was a councillor of Countess Jacqueline of HollandIn 1370, he married Margaret, a daughter of Otto, Lord of Lippe and Irmgard of the Marck.  They had one son:Otto (d.before 20 October 1428), married before 1396 to Sophia, a daughter of Count Frederick III of Bergh-'s-Heerenberg and Catherine of BurenPassage 10:Anne HolckAnne Holck (7 December 1602, Tryggevælde - 5 June1660, Stensgaard, Langeland) was a Danish noble. She became famous for her defense of the island of Langeland against the Swedish army during the Dano-Swedish War (1658–1660) in 1659.She was the daughter ofnoble Ditlev Holck and married nobleman Vincents Steensen until Stensgaard from Langeland in 1623. In 1659, her spouse died from the wounds he received when he led the defense of Langeland against Swedishinvasion, and after his death, she took over and defended the island against the attack until she was forced to surrender. After having been captured and imprisoned on her estate, she managed to trick a Swedishtroupe down a vine cellar, where they were killed by local peasantry.


Passage 1:Judah Even ShemuelYehuda Even Shemuel (Ukraine, 1886-Jerusalem, 1976) was an Israeli Jewish scholar, translator and lexicographer. He won the Israel Prize in 1973. Yehuda Kaufman (later EvenShemuel) was born in Balta, Ukraine. He studied in three yeshivot. At the age of eighteen, after passing the examination of a six-years’ course in a Russian gymnasium, he studied in London and then Paris, where hewas accepted to the law school of the University of Paris. He immigrated to Montreal, Canada in 1913.His English-Hebrew dictionary was known as The Kaufman Dictionary.Passage 2:Erik KilpatrickErik Kilpatrick (born1952) is an American actor who is best known for playing Curtis Jackson on the CBS television series The White Shadow.  He is the son of Lincoln Kilpatrick.  Erik and his father co-starred in "Here's Mud in Your Eye", anepisode from the first season of The White Shadow.  Kilpatrick has a younger brother, Lincoln Kilpatrick Jr., and a sister, DaCarla Kilpatrick, who also are actors.  Kilpatrick is the father of Erika Kurzawa and ToussaintKilpatrick. Married to Chris Anthony. Today, Kilpatrick devotes much of his time directing and is the founder and Artistic Director of KOLA Theatre.Passage 3:Lincoln KilpatrickLincoln Kilpatrick (February 12, 1931 – May18, 2004) was an American film, television, and stage actor.BiographyCareerBorn in St. Louis, Missouri, Kilpatrick attended Lincoln University and earned a degree in drama before he began acting. Encouraged by BillieHoliday, Kilpatrick began his career in 1959 in the Broadway production of A Raisin in the Sun. In the 1960s, he mainly guest-starred in television roles and bit parts in movies. His primary acting talents were showcasedin stage and theater work, which he remained active in until his death. Kilpatrick was co-founder of the Kilpatrick-Cambridge Theatre Arts School in Hollywood, California. He was also the first African-American memberof the Lincoln Center Repertory Company.Personal life and deathKilpatrick was married 47 years to the singer and stage performer Helena Ferguson from 1957 until his death from lung cancer in 2004. Kilpatrick hadfive children: actor and composer Lincoln Kilpatrick Jr.; writer, director and actor DaCarla Kilpatrick; actor and director Erik Kilpatrick; actor Jozella Reed; and producer Marjorie L. Kilpatrick. He was buried at the ForestLawn, Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles.FilmographyPassage 4:Jean DaninosJean Daninos (2 December 1906 – 13 October 2001) was a Greek-French constructor of luxury cars Facel Vega, born in Paris.Thebrother of the Pierre Daninos, Jean Daninos had founded the company FACEL (Forges et Ateliers des Constructions d'Eure-et-Loir, forge and construction workshop for the department of Eure-et-Loir) in 1939 with hopesof one day designing and manufacturing his own automobile. An engineer, he had previously collaborated with Citroën on the Traction Avant and had worked in the aviation field.The FACEL company produced the bodiesof custom cars like the Panhard Dyna cabriolet and the Ford Comète.He had also a long time business partnership with Henri Théodore Pigozzi CEO of Simca. All the stylish Aronde sports derivatives (coupes andconvertibles called PLein Ciel and Océane, targeted for well to do women customers ) were manufactured by Facel.However Pigozzi and Simca chose cheaper and more trendy Carrozeria Bertone for the later the Simca1000 derivatives (Simca 1200S) and ended the Simca partnership. The first Facel Vega model, designed by Daninos himself, debuted in 1954, equipped with a Chrysler engine. Daninos counted among his clientscelebrities including (Tony Curtis, Ava Gardner) and racing drivers (Stirling Moss, Maurice Trintignant). Several sports car models followed until the company's demise in the mid-1960s. During ten years of production,FACEL had manufactured 3,000 automobiles.Daninos died in Cannes at age 94 from cancer. He was buried with his relatives in Jouy-en-Josas.Passage 5:Alexander FuksAlexander Fuks (30 May 1917 – 29 November1978) was a German-born, later Israeli historian, archaeologist and papyrologist. He worked with Victor Tcherikover and Menahem Stern on the standard edition of Jewish papyri. He was a specialist in the study ofHellenistic Judaism.Passage 6:Patrick KilpatrickPatrick Kilpatrick (born August 20, 1949), is an American actor, director, screenwriter, producer, journalist, international entertainment speaker and teacher. He hasappeared in over 180 films and television series.Kilpatrick ran for Governor of California in the 2021 recall election as a Democrat.Early lifeKilpatrick was born in Orange, Virginia, the son of Robert Donald Kilpatrick Sr.and Ellie Faye (born Ellwood Fay) Hines Kilpatrick. His ancestors are Scottish, Scots-Irish, a bit of Welsh, and English, having come to the U.S. as early as 1620, and he has relatives who fought in both the AmericanRevolution and for the Confederacy in the Civil War. His father was a World War II "Beach Jumper", a predecessor to the modern U.S. Navy Seals, who received a Silver Star and Purple Heart in the Pacific and was awinner of the National Collegiate Baseball Championship for the University of Richmond.When Kilpatrick was six, the family moved to Connecticut from Virginia, where his father (formerly a teacher) began his career ininsurance underwriting. Kilpatrick Sr. was head of Connecticut General, and was a key figure in the merger that created the Cigna Corporation; he died on January 27, 1997, at age 72. His mother was a public schooleducator, coach, councilor and psychologist in private practice. The family bought property in Virginia in 1980. After nearly dying in a car crash at the age of 17 on November 17, 1967, he was rehabilitated to the pointwhere he could later perform his own stunts.Kilpatrick graduated from the University of Richmond in 1972 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English, History, and Teaching and attended New York University'sProfessional Film and Television Graduate Program.CareerFilm and televisionKilpatrick's entertainment career has spanned more than 180 films and television shows as lead actor, producer, screenwriter, director andacting coach/entertainment teacher. Most commonly playing the role of a villain, Kilpatrick has joked, "I’ve been killed, beaten-up or jailed by nearly every leading actor on earth and in outer space."His action-filmvillain appearances include Class of 1999 (1990), Showdown (1993), The Replacement Killers  (1998), Eraser (1996), Last Man Standing (1996), Minority Report (2002), Under Siege 2: Dark Territory (1995), DeathWarrant (film) (1990),The Presidio (1988), and two Westerns opposite Tom Selleck, Last Stand at Saber River (1997)  and Crossfire Trail (2001). Kilpatrick also starred in Free Willy 3: The Rescue (1997).In one18-month period Kilpatrick, reportedly acted in five major-studio films and two independent films while making 27 television guest-star spots on 18 different shows. Other appearances include films such as RemoWilliams: The Adventure Begins (1985); 3 Ninjas Knuckle Up (1995), and the PBS miniseries American Playhouse: Roanoak (1981), which became the largest production in the history of PBS.Television appearancesinclude Dark Angel; Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman (1994); Walker, Texas Ranger (1994); Babylon 5 (1995); Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman as Sergeant O'Connor for 9 episodes from 1996 to 1997; ER(1997); JAG (1997 & 2000); The X-Files (2001); General Hospital (2003); CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2005); 24 (2005); Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles (2008) and Chuck ("Chuck Versus theGravitron"). He guess-starred in the Star Trek: Voyager episodes "Initiations" (1995) and "Drive" (2000) and in the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode "The Siege of AR-558" (1998). In January 2019, he began filmingCatalyst (scheduled for 2021 release).StageKilpatrick had a theatrical run at Los Angeles Theater Center for Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra, acted Off-Broadway in Hanoi Hilton at the Harold Clurman Theater(1984), Linda Her and The Fairy Garden (1984) at the Second Stage, and in regional theater, Requiem for a Heavyweight (1985).He has directed Off-Broadway and was a founding member of Divine Theater in New YorkCity. His play, Zone of Bells/Room of Seesaws,  premiered at the 1984 East Village Arts Festival. He was assistant director on Broadway with The Golden Age (1984) and Entertaining Mr. Sloane, (1984, Cherry LaneTheatre), and on Death Trap (1984) in the West End of London.AuthorIn 2018, Kilpatrick released a memoir, Dying for living: Sins & Confessions of a Hollywood Villain & Libertine Patriot Vol. 1 – Upbringing, publishedby Boulevard Books (NYC) on October 1, 2018, launched October 3, 2018 at National Press Club and Kennedy Center for Performing Arts. The book received the "Best of LA" Award 2018 with 5-star reviews.Kilpatrick'sfollow-up, Dying for living: Wasted Talent in the Valley of Debacle (Vol. 2 - Showbiz), was set for publication at the end of 2019.2021 California gubernatorial recall electionIn July 2021, Kilpatrick announced that he wasrunning as a candidate in the 2021 California gubernatorial recall election as one of nine Democrats attempting to recall California's governor, Gavin Newsom. The 50% threshold to recall Newsom was not reached, andKilpatrick received 1.2% of the replacement candidate vote.FilmographyFilmTelevisionAwards and nominationsPassage 7:Lincoln HurstLincoln Douglas Hurst (May 6, 1946 – November 11, 2008), also known as "LincolnHurst", "L. D. Hurst", or "Lincoln D. Hurst", was an American scholar of the Bible, religious history and film. He was Emeritus Professor at the University of California, Davis (1983–2006), and adjunct professor at FullerTheological Seminary, Pasadena, California (1987–2008).Life and careerBorn in Chicago and raised in Arlington Heights, Illinois, Hurst graduated from Arlington High School, and later received the Bachelorof Artsdegree in history from Trinity College (now Trinity International University), Deerfield, Illinois (1969). He was then grantedthe Master of Divinity (1973) and Master of Theology (1976) degrees from PrincetonTheological Seminary (where he worked under the late Bruce M. Metzger) andthe Doctor of Philosophy (1982) degree from Oxford University (Mansfield College), England, where he worked under the late G. B.Caird.  Anglican Bishop N.T. Wright also did his doctoral work under Caird, and three years after Caird's death Hurst and Wright co-edited a volume in his memory. Hurst also acted as Caird's family-appointed literaryexecutor, insofar as some of Caird's work was left hanging in mid-air when he died. Before taking up a post at the University of California, Davis in 1983, he was an Instructor at BloomfieldCollege, New Jersey(1973–74), lecturer (1979–80) and junior dean (1980–81) at Mansfield College, Oxford, and visiting fellow at Princeton Theological Seminary (fall, 1982).  He was a lifelong proponent of animal welfare. Committed topreserving the memories of G. B. Caird and Errol Flynn, he spent the final weeks of his life writing about the historic achievements of both men. Hurst died suddenly from a heart attack in November 2008.Areas ofActivityBiblical studiesHaving written extensively on the Epistle to the Hebrews, Hurst's work has also focused on a variety of other topics, including ethics in religion, the Aramaic language of the Gospels and Acts, theDead Sea scrolls, the development of early Christian thought about Jesus, New Testament Theology, and the relationship of religion and film. His work has shown a maverick tendency, with a willingness to take upunpopular positions that go against the mainstream. His discussion of Hebrews (Hurst 1990) accordingly is unconcerned about the identity of the unknown author - a common preoccupation - but is rather directed atuncovering the particular religious milieu out of which he or she came. He is insistent that the author was not a disciple of either Plato or Philo, or that he was a former member of the Qumran community - prevailingviews for much of the twentieth century. The writer instead was a mainstream first century Christian who was heavily influenced by Paul the Apostle and the Jewish Apocalyptic tradition. He also maintains, againstvirtually all scholars and commentators, that the first chapter of Hebrews is designed to illustrate not the deity of Christ, but his perfect humanity. The first-century writer wishes his readers to know that in Jesus Godhas restored the human race to its proper predestined place "above the angels" (Psalm 8:4-6; Hurst 1987).  His interest in the question of the Historical Jesus led him to question the linguistic techniques by which themajority of scholars have attempted to reconstruct Jesus's original Aramaic words beneath the later Greek gospels (Hurst 1986). The ethical dimensions of Jesus's teaching is another area into which he has delved; heconsiders Jesus's ethics to be indissolubly linked to Realized eschatology - the idea (associated with C. H. Dodd) that for Jesus the Kingdom of God had already, in substantial form, arrived in the teaching, life, and deathof Jesus (Hurst 1992). A central facet of Christian doctrine since the early centuries of the church has been the Pre-existence of Christ, and this is another area that has attracted his attention.His claim (following G. B.Caird) that Paul the Apostle represents both the earliest and the highest thinking about Jesus in the New Testament (as opposed, for instance, to the Gospel of John) runs counter to the view of the majority of scholars,and in this case he has had a notable disagreement with  University of Durham theology Professor James Dunn (Hurst, 1986); he and Dunn have appeared in the same volume "discussing" the question (Martin andDodd, 1998). Hurst's interest in the subject of New Testament Theology, sparked by his posthumous completion of G. B. Caird's work of that title, remains a continuing thrust of his research.The messianism of the DeadSea scrolls has been one of the most widely discussed topics of the past sixty years in western religious circles; here it has been almost a dogma among scholars that the members of the Qumran community wereidiosyncratic in that they expected not one, but two Messiahs. Hurst has stood against this idea, claiming that the members of the desert sect held to a thoroughly orthodox Jewish belief in one Messiah (Hurst 1999)(there is little, if any, evidence that his arguments in this regard have made even a negligible impact on the field). He is also concerned to explore the influence of Christianity in general, and the Bible in particular, onthe films of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries - especially those that use the Bible symbolically in "modern" settings (Hurst 2004).Film HistoryIn addition to studies in religion and the Bible, Hurst has maintained along interest in the history of film. For most of his life he studied cinema as an avocation, but in his later years it consumed an increasing amount of his time. For approximately ten years he taught a popular course onfilm at the University of California, Davis, where his work tended to center on the relationship of film and music andof film and religion.  He was an accredited film historian, having appeared in manydocumentaryfeatures (on DVD and television, including Britain (the BBC) and Australia (the ABC)) dealing with various aspects of some of the most significant films in American cinematic history. He displayed a specialfondness for crime films, having publicly commented on three of what he considered (in addition to The Godfather trilogy) to be among the most historically crucial: Angels with Dirty Faces, The Roaring Twenties and(most significantly) White Heat.He is seen notably in features accompanying the Warner Brothers DVD releases of the classic 1941 release of "The Maltese Falcon", and in various 'signature collection' DVDs, includingthose of Humphrey Bogart and Errol Flynn, featuring on the commentaries alongside Martin Scorsese, Eric Lax, Michael Madsen, and Theresa Russell,  among others. In 2005 he recorded the full-length audiocommentary for the Warner Home Video DVD release of the 1939 classic James Cagney crime film, The Roaring Twenties, included in  "The Warner Gangsters Collection".Selected worksBooks(with N. T. Wright, ed.),The Glory of Christ in the New Testament: Studies in Christology in Memory of George Bradford Caird.  Oxford: Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1987.The Epistle to the Hebrews: Its Background of Thought. SNTS MonographSeries No. 65. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.New Testament Theology, by G. B. Caird, Completed and Edited by L. D. Hurst. Oxford and New York:  Oxford University Press, 1994 (Paperback1995).Swashbuckler at the Front: Errol Flynn, the Spanish Civil War, Religion, and Fascism. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press (forthcoming).Articles & Essays"How 'Platonic' are Hebrews viii.5 and ix.23ff.?", Journal ofTheological Studies n.s. 34 (1983), pp. 156ff."Eschatology and 'Platonism' in the Epistle to the Hebrews," Society of Biblical Literature Seminar Papers 23, Chico (1984), pp. 41ff."Apollos, Hebrews and Corinth: BishopMontefiore's Theory Examined," Scottish Journal of Theology 38 (1986), pp. 505ff."The Christology of Hebrews 1 and 2," in Hurst and Wright (eds.), The Glory of Christ in the New Testament (see above), pp. 151ff."TheEthics of Jesus," in Joel B. Green, Scot McKnight, and I. Howard Marshall (eds.), Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels.  Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1992, pp. 210ff."The Neglected Role of Semantics in the Search forthe Aramaic Words of Jesus,"  Journal for the Study of the New Testament 28 (1986), pp. 63ff. (reprinted in Craig A. Evans and Stanley E. Porter [eds.], The Historical Jesus: A Sheffield Reader. Sheffield: SheffieldAcademic Press, 1995, pp. 219ff.)"New Testament Theological Analysis," Introducing New Testament Interpretation, ed. Scot McKnight (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1989), pp. 133-161."Priest, High Priest," in RalphP. Martin and Peter H. Davids (eds.), Dictionary of the Later New Testament and Its Developments.  Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1997, pp. 963ff.(with Joel B. Green), "Priest, Priesthood," in Joel B. Green, ScotMcKnight, and I. Howard Marshall (eds.), Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels.  Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1992, pp. 633ff."Qumran," in Ralph P. Martin and Peter H. Davids (eds.), Dictionary of the Later NewTestament and Its Developments.  Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1997, pp. 997ff."Re-Enter the Pre-Existent Christ in Philippians 2.5-11?",  New Testament Studies 32 (1986), pp. 449ff. (reprinted, with new material, as"Christ, Adam, and Pre-Existence Revisited," in Ralph P. Martin and Brian Dodd (eds.), Where Christology Began.  Louisville, Ky.:  Westminster/John Knox, 1998), pp. 84ff."George Bradford Caird," A Historical Handbookof Major Biblical Interpreters, ed. Donald McKim (Downers Grove, Il:  Intervarsity, 1998), 456-462."Did Qumran Expect Two Messiahs?", Bulletin of Biblical Research 9 (1999), pp. 157ff."Foreword," G. B. Caird,Principalities and Powers. Eugene, Or: Wipf and Stock, 2003, pp. 1–9."Six-Gun Savior: George Stevens' 'Shane' and Paul's Letter to the Romans," in Sheila E. McGinn (ed.),  Celebrating Romans: Template for PaulineTheology. Essays in Honor of Robert Jewett. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2004, pp. 240ff.External links"Popular former UC Davis professor dies at age 62," The California Aggie, 4 December 2008.Eulogy in Memory of L. D.Hurst, Fremont Presbyterian Church, Sacramento, CA, 17 January 2009.Lincoln Hurst at IMDbLincoln Hurst UC Davis Wiki profileBruce M. Metzger's review of New Testament Theology, by George B. Caird and Lincoln D.HurstPassage 8:Lincoln Kilpatrick Jr.Lincoln Kilpatrick Jr. (born October 4, 1961) is a former child star and American actor during the 1970s.BiographyEarly lifeKilpatrick was born on October 4, 1961 in North Hollywood,California. He was born the eldest of five children born to actor Lincoln Kilpatrick and former performer Helena Ferguson.CareerKilpatrick appeared in his first film and began his career at the age of 10 in the movie DeadMen Tell No Tales in 1971 as the role of Mike Carter. Kilpatrick also played the minor role of Jeff in the 1977 TV movie Alexander: The Other Side of Dawn.Kilpatrick made his first television appearance on the March 9,1973 episode of the NBC sitcom Sanford and Son. Kilpatrick also made a television appearance on the CBS sitcom Good Times in the episode Michael, the Warlord as Ratbone, the leader of the "Junior Warlords" streetgang Michael has been bullied into. The episode aired on October 13, 1976.FamilyKilpatrick is the son of longtime film and television actor Lincoln Kilpatrick and performer Helena Ferguson. He is also the nephew ofactor John Kilpatrick. Kilpatrick is also the brother of actress DaCarla Kilpatrick, actor/director Erik Kilpatrick, actress Jozella Reed, and producer Marjorie L. Reed.FilmographyDead Men Tell No Tales (Mike Carter)


Passage 1:Nayelly HernándezNayelly Hernández (born 23 February 1986) is a former Mexican professional squash player. She has represented Mexico internationally in several international competitions including the Central American and Caribbean Games, Pan American Games, Women's World Team Squash Championships. Nayelly achieved her highest career ranking of 57 in October 2011 during the 2011 PSA World Tour. Her husband Chris Walker whose nationality is English is also a professional squash player. She joined the Trinity College in 2008 as the first Mexican female to join a US college for squash and graduated in 2010.CareerNayelly joined PSA in 2006 and took part in the PSA World Tour until 2016, the 2015-16 PSA World Tour was her last World Tour prior to the retirement.Nayelly Hernandez represented Mexico at the 2007 Pan American Games and claimed a bronze medal as a part of the team event on her maiden appearance at the Pan American Games. In the 2011 Pan American Games she clinched gold in the women's doubles event along with Samantha Teran and settled for bronze in the team event. She has also participated at the Women's World Team Squash Championships on four occasions in 2010, 2012, 2014 and in 2016.Passage 2:Eleni Gabre-MadhinEleni Zaude Gabre-Madhin (born 12 July 1964) is an Ethiopian-born Swiss economist, and former chief executive officer of the Ethiopia Commodity Exchange (ECX). She has had many years of experience working on agricultural markets – particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa – and has held senior positions in the World Bank, the International Food Policy Research Institute (Washington), and United Nations (Geneva).Eleni GebremedhnEleni was born in Addis Ababa, Ethiopian Empire on 12 July 1964. She grew up in four different African countries including Kenya, Tanzania and South Africa. She speaks fluent Swahili, English, Amharic and French. She graduated from Rift Valley Academy in Kenya with the highest of honours. She has a PhD in Applied Economics from Stanford University, master's degrees from Michigan State University and bachelor's in economics from Cornell University. Eleni was selected as "Ethiopian Person of the Year" for the 2002 ET calendar year (2009/2010 Gregorian) by the Ethiopian newspaper Jimma Times.CareerShe was the main driving force behind the development of the Ethiopia Commodity Exchange (ECX). Whilst working as a researcher for the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) she examined agricultural markets for many years and noticed, as had many others, that whilst in some years or regions there were severe shortages or droughts in others there were surpluses or bumper harvests. Specifically in her survey of grain traders in 2002, she found that a key factor was the lack of effective infrastructure and services needed for grain markets to function properly.  Traders often failed to have access to sufficient credit, information about the market, transportation and other vital resources and contract compliance was difficult to enforce.  In 2004 she moved home from the US to lead an IFPRI program to improve Ethiopia's agricultural policies and markets. Specifically she undertook the important role of coordinating the advisory body developing the ECX.   She became CEO of the new exchange in 2008, and argued that "(W)hen farmers can sell their crops on the open market and get a fair price, they will have much more incentive to be productive, and Ethiopia will be much less prone to food crises" .... and that the "ECX will allow farmers and traders to link to the global economy, propelling Ethiopian agriculture forward to a whole new level."In February 2013, she became a director of Syngenta.In 2013, Eleni launched eleni LLC, a company intended to build and invest in commodity exchanges in markets in the developing world, including Africa.In November 2021, the Canadian novelist Jeff Pearce leaked a video that depicts Eleni's participation in a virtual meeting discussion, along with Professor Ephraim Isaac, former Ethiopian Minister of Foreign Affairs and current TPLF spokesperson Berhane Gebre-Christos and several Western diplomats, that mentioned a transitional government during Tigray War. Shortly, she was removed from membership of the Independent Economic Council, which formed to support Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed economic transition.  On 25 November, Eleni released a statement that denying the allegation as "deliberately misrepresented". Two days before the leaked video unveiled, police forces searched her house and remained undisclosed for suspected foul play.  The incident stirred public outrage in Ethiopia and its diaspora, condemning her as traitor. The University of Gondar also revoked an honorary doctorate it had awarded her.AwardsIn 2010, Eleni was named Ethiopian Person of the Year for the 2002 Ethiopian year. Eleni was listed as one of the 50 Women Shaping Africa in 2011.In 2012, Eleni was awarded the Yara Laurate Prize from the Norwegian fertilizer manufacturer Yara International for her outstanding contributions to sustainable food production and distribution with socio-economic impact. Previous recipients of the prize include former prime minister of Ethiopia Meles Zenawi. That same year, she was recognized as one of New African Magazine's 100 Most Influential Africans, won the African Banker Icon Award, and invited to the G8 Summit at Camp David.She was granted The Power with Purpose Award from Devex and McKinnsey in 2016.Formerly, Eleni Gabre-Madhin received an honorary doctorate, in 2013, from the University of Gondar in Ethiopia. However, later in November 2021, the University of Gondar revoked the Honorary Doctorate of Eleni Gabre-Madhin in relation to her involved clandestine video meeting aimed at toppling the democratically elected government of Ethiopia.Passage 3:Khalid al-HabibKhalid Habib (Arabic:  )  (died October 16, 2008), born Shawqi Marzuq Abd al-Alam Dabbas (Arabic:     ), was an ascending member of al-Qaeda's central structure in Pakistan and Afghanistan. His nationality was reported as Egyptian (by CBS News) and as Moroccan (by The New York Times).Habib was the operations commander for the region. He was one of several al-Qaeda members who were more battle-hardened by combat experience in Iraq, Chechnya, and elsewhere. This experience rendered them more capable than their predecessors. According to The New York Times, this cadre was more radical than the previous generation of al-Qaeda leadership. The FBI described Habib as "one of the five or six most capable, most experienced terrorists in the world.In 2008, Habib relocated from Wana to Taparghai, Pakistan to avoid missile strikes launched from US-operated MQ-1 Predator aircraft which targeted al Qaeda and Taliban personnel.  Khalid Habib was killed by a Predator strike near Taparghai on October 16, 2008. Habib was reportedly sitting in a Toyota station wagon which was struck by the missile. On October 28, militants confirmed to the Asia Times that Habib was killed in the drone attack.Passage 4:Baglan MailybayevBaglan Mailybayev (Kazakh: Балан Асаубайлы Майлыбаев, Bağlan Asaubaiūly Mailybaev) was born on 20 May 1975 in Zhambyl region, Kazakhstan. His nationality is Kazakh. He is a politician of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Doctor of Law (2002) (under the supervision of Professor Zimanov S.Z. – scientific advisor and academician of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan) and PhD in political science (1998).BiographyIn 1996 he obtained a bachelor's degree in journalism from the Kazakh State National University named after Al-Farabi.In 1998 he was awarded a degree of PhD in political science after graduating from a graduate school of Political Science and Political Administration of the Russian Academy of Public Administration under the president of the Russian Federation.Between 1998 and 2002 he used to work as a senior researcher at the Institute of State and Law of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan as well as a lecturer at the Kazakh State University of International Relations and World Languages named after Abylai Khan.Between February and May 2002 he worked as the Head of Mass Media Department of the Ministry of Culture, Information and Public Accord of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Between May 2002 and September 2003 he was a President of the Joint Stock Company "Republican newspaper "Kazakhstanskaya Pravda"".Between September 2003 and December 2004 he was a President of the Joint Stock Company "Zan".Since December 2004 he had served as the Head of the Press office of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Since October 2008 he had been a Chairman of the Committee of Information and Archives of Ministry of Culture and Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Since December 2008 he had been a Vice Minister of Culture and Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Between June 2009 and October 2011 he worked as Press Secretary of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.In October 2011 he was appointed as a Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan by the Presidential decree.Personal lifeMarital status: He is married and has two children.AwardsBaglan Mailybayev was awarded "Kurmet", "Parasat" orders, medals and a letter of acknowledgement of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In 1998 he became a prizewinner at the award of Young Scientists of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan.PublicationsHe is the author of 4 monographs and more than 150 scientific publications, published in Kazakhstani as well as in foreign editions. He is also the author of a number of feature stories, supervisor and a scriptwriter of television projects and documentaries.Research interestsComparative Political Science, Theory of State and Law, History of State and Law, Constitutional Law.Language abilities: He speaks Kazakh, Russian and English fluently.NoteThe predecessor of Baglan Mailybayev at the position of a Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan was Maulen Ashimbayev.Passage 5:Roberto SavioRoberto Savio (born in Rome, Italy, but also holding Argentine nationality) is a journalist, communication expert, political commentator, activist for social and climate justice  and advocate of global governance. He has spent most of his career with Inter Press Service (IPS), the news agency which he founded in 1964 along with Argentine journalist Pablo Piacentini.Savio studied Economics at the University of Parma, followed by post-graduate courses in Development Economics under Gunnar Myrdal, History of Art and International Law in Rome. He started his professional career as a research assistant in International Law at the University of Parma.Early activitiesWhile at university, Roberto Savio acted as an international officer with Italy’s National Student Association and the Youth Movement of Italy’s Christian Democracy party, eventually taking on responsibility for Christian Democracy’s relations with developing countries. After leaving university, he became international press chief for former Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro. After the 1973 Chilean coup d’etat, Roberto Savio left Italian politics to pursue journalism.Early journalistic careerRoberto Savio’s career in journalism began with Italian daily ‘Il Popolo’ and he went on to become Director for News Services for Latin America with RAI, Italy’s state broadcasting company. He received a number of awards for TV documentaries, including the Saint-Vincent Award for Journalism, the most prestigious journalism award in Italy.Inter Press Service (IPS)Throughout his student years, Roberto Savio had cultivated an interest in analysing and explaining the huge information and communication gap that existed between the North and the South of the world, particularly Latin America. Together with Argentine journalist Pablo Piacentini, he decided to create a press agency that would permit Latin American exiles in Europe to write about their countries for a European audience.That agency, which was known in the early days as Roman Press Agency, was the seed for what was to become the Inter Press Service (IPS) news agency, which was formally established at a meeting in the Schloss Eichholz conference centre of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation (the foundation of the CDU), in Wesseling near Bonn, then the capital city of West Germany.From the outset, it was decided that IPS would be a non-profit cooperative of journalists and its statute declared that two-thirds of the members should come from the South.Roberto Savio gave IPS its unique mission – “giving a voice to the voiceless” – acting as a communication channel that privileges the voices and the concerns of the poorest and creates a climate of understanding, accountability and participation around development, promoting a new international information order between the South and the North.The agency grew rapidly throughout the 1970s and 1980s until the dramatic events of 1989-91 – the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union – prompted new goals and definitions: IPS was the first news outlet to identify itself as “global” and define the new concept of neoliberal globalisation as contributing to the distancing of developing countries from wealth, trade and policy-making.IPS offers communication services to improve South–South cooperation and South-North exchanges and carries out projects with international partners to open up communication channels to all social sectors.IPS has been recognised by the United Nations and granted NGO consultative status (category I) with ECOSOC.With the strengthening of the process of globalisation, IPS has dedicated itself to global issues, becoming the news agency for global civil society: more than 30,000 NGOs subscribe to its services, and several million people are readers of its online services.Under Roberto Savio, IPS won the Washington-based Population Institute’s “most conscientious news service” award nine time in the 1990s, beating out the major wire services year in and year out.IPS won FAO’s A.H. Boerma Award for journalism in 1997  for its "significant contribution to covering sustainable agriculture and rural development in more than 100 countries, filling the information gap between developed and developing countries by focusing on issues such as rural living, migration, refugees and the plight of women and children".On the initiative of Roberto Savio, IPS established the International Journalism Award in 1985 to honour outstanding journalists whose efforts, and often lives, contributed significantly to exposing human rights violations and advancing democracy, most often in developing countries. In 1991, the scope of the award was broadened to reflect the tremendous changes taking place in the world following the historic break-up of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. The Award, renamed the International Achievement Award, was given in recognition of the work of individuals and organisations that “continue to fight for social and political justice in the new world order”.Roberto Savio is now President Emeritus of IPS and Chairman of the IPS Board of Trustees, which also includes former U.N. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, former Portuguese President Mario Soares, former UNESCO Director-General Federico Mayor Zaragoza, former Finnish President and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Martti Ahtisaari, former Costa Rican President and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Oscar Arias and former Japanese Prime Minister Toshiki Kaifue.After stepping down as Director-General of IPS, Roberto Savio has continued his interest in “alternative” communication and information, founding Other News as an international non-governmental association of people concerned about the decline of the information media.Other NewsIn 2008, Roberto Savio launched the online Other News service to provide “information that markets eliminate”.Other News publishes reports that have already appeared in niche media but not in mass circulation media, in addition to opinions and analyses from research centres, universities and think tanks – material that is intended to give readers access to news and opinion that they will not find in their local newspapers but which they might wish to read “as citizens who care about a world free from the pernicious effects of today’s globalisation”.Other News also distributes daily analysis on international issues, particularly the themes of global governance and multilateralism, to several thousand policy-makers and leaders of civil society, in both English and Spanish.Communication initiativesAn internationally renowned expert in communications issues, Roberto Savio has helped launched numerous communication and information projects, always with an emphasis on the developing world.Among others, Roberto Savio helped launch the National Information Systems Network (ASIN) for Latin America and the Caribbean,  the UNESCO-sponsored Agencia Latinoamericana de Servicios Especiales de Informacion [Latin American Special Information Services Agency] (ALASEI), and the Women’s Feature Service (WFS), initially an IPS service and now an independent NGO with headquarters in New Delhi.He also founded the Technological Information Promotion System (TIPS), a major U.N. project to implement and foster technological and economic cooperation among developing countries, and he developed Women into the New Network for Entrepreneurial Reinforcement (WINNER), a TIPS training project aimed at educating and empowering small and medium woman entrepreneurs in developing countries. The activities of TIPS are currently carried by the executing agency, Development Information Network (DEVNET), an international association which Roberto Savio helped create and which has been recognised by the United Nations as an NGO holding consultative status (category I) with the U.N. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).Roberto Savio has also been actively involved in promoting exchanges between regional information services, such as between ALASEI and the Organisation of Asian News Agencies (OANA) now known as the Organisation of Asia-Pacific News Agencies, and between the PanAfrican News Agency (PANA) and the Federation of Arab News Agencies (FANA).Roberto Savio was instrumental in placing the concept of a Development Press Bulletin Service Tariff on the agenda of UNESCO’s International Commission for the Studyof Communication Problems (MacBride Commission).Roberto Savio has also worked closely in the field of information and communication with many United Nations organisations, including the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR).Achievements and awardsIn 1970, Roberto Savio received the Saint-Vincent Award for Journalism, the most prestigious journalism award in Italy, for a five-part series on Latin America which was recognised as “best TV transmission”.He was awarded the Hiroshima Peace Award in 2013 for his “contribution towards the construction of a century of peace by ‘giving voice to the voiceless’ through Inter Press Service for nearly five decades”. The award was established by Soka Gakkai, a lay Buddhist organisation based in Tokyo.He received the Joan Gomis Memorial Award (Catalunya) for Journalism for Peace in 2013.In October 2016, during the 31st Festival of Latin American Cinema in Trieste, Italy, Roberto Savio received the "Salvador Allende" award, given to honour a personality from the world of culture, art or politics who actively supported the conservation of Latin America's rich history and culture.In 2019, he received a special diploma from the President of Chile, Michelle Bachelet, for his role of solidarity during the Chilean military dictatorship.He was appointed by President of the Republic Mattarella, one of the twelve Knights of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic for 2021. He also received an honorary degree in political science from the United Nations Peace University in 2021.Advisory activitiesRoberto Savio served as Senior Adviser for Strategies and Communication to the Director General of the International Labour Organization (ILO) from 1999 to 2003. He also served as an internal communication consultant to Catherine Bertini, Executive Director of the World Food Programme (WFP), in 2000.AffiliationsFrom 1999 to 2003, Roberto Savio was a board member of the Training Centre for Regional Integration, based in Montevideo, Uruguay.After several years as a member of the Governing Council