Project Manager: Is everyone ready to start ?Industrial Designer: Yeah . {vocalsound}User Interface: Yeah .Marketing: {vocalsound} Yes .Project Manager: Okay . Great . Well , welcome to the third meeting ofconceptual design . I'll just get the PowerPoint presentation up and running . Okay . Um , on the agenda for this , um , for this particular meeting , we'll have your three presentations on what you've done since our lastmeeting , after we came up with um some general ideas of our design . And , um , then we have to make some key decisions on , on our remote control concept , and how we're gonna make it , what uh materials we'regonna use , and that sort of thing .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Project Manager: The meeting will be forty minutes long .Industrial Designer: Okay .Project Manager: And um we will once again have Poppy as ourfirst presenter .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} Okay .Project Manager: Alright , and I will switch up PowerPoint .Industrial Designer: Thank you .Project Manager: Okay .Industrial Designer: Should be just loading .{vocalsound} Okay . Oh , although I can't see it on my screen . That says go here . Okay . I've been doing some research into the different components that we could use , um what's available to us f to actually makethe remote control . Um , first of all we have to look at how the remote control is actually made , and what is it happens inside the casing , which is more your field . Um , thes main internal feature is a circuit board ,which contains all the elec electronics and also the contacts with the power source .Marketing: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: Which is not necessarily a battery , as we're about to see . Um , there are severalcomponents of , um , the circuit board that we need to consider , where we'll be getting them from , what they'll be made of . Um , including the integrated circuit , which is also known as the chip . Which is where allthe main information is uh contained . Um , diodes , transistors , resonators , resistors , and capacit capacitors all need to be considered as well . Um , and all their positioning in the circuit .Project Manager: Um{disfmarker} Are they all included , like mandatorily , or r are these different options ?Industrial Designer: Uh , these , they're all different options , they're all separate , apart from the chip , which we will probabledecide whether we buy a simple , a regular , advanced .Project Manager: Yeah .Industrial Designer: We can go into that later . Um , all the other things are individual components that we'd have to get in separately ,and work out the most , like , effective um circuit , including all the wires and everything like that . And the L_E_D_ of course , that's a light emitting diode . So , we could , so we've got flex flexibility with colours andthings , with that as well .Project Manager: Mm .Industrial Designer: Okay , there are lots of different possibilities for the energy source . We could use a basic battery , but that brings with it , like they need to berecharged and the bulk , the size of it as well . And they're not so great to dispose of , environmentally . {vocalsound} There's a hand-powered dynamo which is a sort of thing that was used for torches fifty years ago .A bit out of date . Kinetic energy is something that's been recently developed .Project Manager: Um {disfmarker} What is a hand-powered dynamo ?Industrial Designer: Um , where you manually charge up the power.Project Manager: Just every , every once in a while ?Industrial Designer: Like you wind up something .Project Manager: Just every once in a while or constantly ?Industrial Designer: Sorry ? Yeah . Every once in a whileI thinkProject Manager: Alright . It'd be kind of strange to always be cranking it I think .Industrial Designer: . But it's {disfmarker} Yeah . It would be like going a step back in time .User Interface: {vocalsound} Yeah.Industrial Designer: I don't think it would really be with kind of cutting edge technology .Project Manager: No . {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: Whereas kinetic energy is a new idea that'sbeing used by some watches and other devices , where you just shake the device and it gives it power . I mean , the kinetic energy is transformed into power to make the circuit work . Um , or there's solar power ,which we've been considering inside a building , which is where it's gonna be used , might not be quite so useful .Project Manager: Right .Industrial Designer: But , good to look into , renewable energy , always the way. Um , lots of considerations for the case , like what sort of shape it would be , curved or flat . That's got a lot to do with the ergonomics . Like how it's comfortable and s sits in the hand . We don't want something that'shuge and you can't pick up . Or too small . Or too slidy . I know I've had a remote control before which you couldn't tell which was the front and the back ,User Interface: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: 'cause it hadso many buttons on , and the shape was so symmetrical that I'd be pressing like a volume button instead of the on button .Marketing: Mm .Industrial Designer: Because you can't really see which way round it is .ProjectManager: Right .Industrial Designer: Um , we also can choose what materials {disfmarker} um , the {disfmarker} we could use metal , we could use rubber which might be more um ideal for the anti-R_S_I_ . It's likethe same sort of rubber that's used in stress balls and things like that , so it's very like soft , not so stressful on your hands .Project Manager: Mm-hmm .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} Wood .Project Manager:{vocalsound}Industrial Designer: Um , again , stepping back in time again there .User Interface: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: I don't think that's quite up to date with what we're looking for here .Project Manager:Yeah .Industrial Designer: Um , titanium is not gonna be possible , even though it just it beyond our budget really . But , would've been maybe for future projects . Um right our choice for buttons as well . We'vedeveloped some {disfmarker} we've got some good advances in technology , with our research team have found some uh new multiple um option scroll buttons . I think that was brought up for , um , {disfmarker}they're basically quite a flexible design , modern , you don't have to use individual buttons . You can just slide up and down . I'm sure we're all quite familiar with those on mobiles or computer laptop pads .ProjectManager: Mm-hmm .User Interface: Yeah .Project Manager: Um one thing with the scroll buttons though . It , it {disfmarker}Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Project Manager: we would have to have an L_C_D_umIndustrial Designer: Yeah . That's true .Project Manager: display , and the glow in the dark thing might be difficult .Industrial Designer: And that would lead to an advanced {disfmarker} yeah . If we have{disfmarker} yeah . We're going on to that later with the advanc with the L_C_D_ that means we'd need a really advanced chip .Project Manager: Yeah .Industrial Designer: And it's unlikely that that's gonna be in ourbudget .Marketing: Mm-hmm .Industrial Designer: Um , also we've got the integrated pushbutton , which is what we're most familiar with . It's the most straightforward . But you can in like incorporate that with a scrollbutton as well . {gap} . Got decisions to make there . And this is what I was just saying before . Linked in the different {disfmarker} depends on what type of buttons we have and the inputs . Um simple would go withthe pushbutton . Um , regular you could link with the scroll button . And the advanced we'd have to go with a L_C_D_ s display .Project Manager: Right .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} My personal preferences ? Ithink we could go for the kinetic energy source . I don't , I think that's quite um an advanced kind of technology . It's not been seen before , so it could be quite a , a novelty factor , attractive as well . And also energysaving 'cause you're producing the energy , you don't need an external sort of battery supply or solar panels . You just give it a shake .Project Manager: Yeah .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} Sounds brilliant to me.Project Manager: Uh .Industrial Designer: Rubber casing I thing would probably the best , if we're going for the anti-R_S_I_ and like more choice with um aesthetics . Like it could be pretty much any colour we want .Um , and gives you , yeah , more flexibility there . And probably the regular chip as opposed to the simple ,Marketing: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: then we could possibly have the scroll and the push , but noL_C_D_ , 'cause we probably can't afford that one .Project Manager: Yeah . Um , one concern with the rubber casing is that it would be rubber encapsulating all of these {vocalsound} chips and diodes and delicatetechnology asIndustrial Designer: Mm-hmm .Project Manager: like as the exterior . This is the one thing that's protecting its innards .Industrial Designer: I think that would , uh there would be an in sort of more internalcasing . And the rubber would just be the , what's in contact with the human .Project Manager: Yeah . Another thing is it might be more difficult {disfmarker} if it's a rubber exterior {gap} talking about putting oninterchangeable plates .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} Yeah .Project Manager: Um , is it {disfmarker}Industrial Designer: Yeah .Marketing: Mm-hmm .Project Manager: I don't see how a like a rubber plate going ontop it would stay there . Like if it was sort of like a clip-on plastic plate . It would work that way .Industrial Designer: Maybe if the , um , if it was just kind of a , more of a rubber coating which was on to a case .UserInterface: WIndustrial Designer: So , it was kind of , the whole thing would be removable .User Interface: Like plastic with rubber , kind of on topIndustrial Designer: Yeah .Project Manager: Yeah .Industrial Designer:Like {disfmarker} I can't think of what .User Interface: Well , there's , there is a certain phone that has like a rubber casing ,Project Manager: Yeah .Industrial Designer: Yeah . Or like an {disfmarker}User Interface: blike a Nokia it is .Marketing: Mm-hmm .Industrial Designer: you can get sort of outer casing for iPods and something , that's just {disfmarker} it's protective as well .User Interface: It's {disfmarker} yeah .ProjectManager: Yeah .Marketing: Like the skin ?Industrial Designer: It , it stops it , I mean ,Marketing: Yeah .Industrial Designer: it would reduce the impact if it was dropped or something , as well , 'cause it wouldn'tdamage itself so easily .Project Manager: Yeah .User Interface: {vocalsound}Project Manager: Alright . So maybe the {disfmarker}Industrial Designer: I think i maybe a mixture of both there , maybe .Marketing: Okay.Project Manager: Yeah .Industrial Designer: Yeah .Marketing: So the actual remote would be hard plastic and the casings rubber .Industrial Designer: And then {disfmarker} yeah . Yeah .User Interface: Yeah.Marketing: Okay .Project Manager: Yeah .Marketing: And the buttons obviously are rubber .Industrial Designer: Yeah .User Interface: Yeah .Marketing: Okay .Project Manager: Yeah .Marketing: {vocalsound}ProjectManager: That sounds good . I , um , is it possible to put designs onto this type of rubber ?Industrial Designer: As far as I know . It should be .Project Manager: Okay ,Marketing: {vocalsound}Project Manager: we'lljust say yeah . {vocalsound}User Interface: {vocalsound}Project Manager: Yes , just why not .Industrial Designer: Yeah . Yeah , yeah . {vocalsound}Project Manager: {vocalsound} Alright . I like the kinetic energysource idea .Industrial Designer: Yeah .Project Manager: Um , I don't know when people will , um , be moving a remote around a lot .Industrial Designer: I thought that was {disfmarker}Project Manager: But I thinkthat it's worth it , kinetety , kinetic umUser Interface: Yeah , thaMarketing: Mm-hmm .Project Manager: energy source . It could make an we could have any kind of style .Industrial Designer: Yeah .Project Manager: Itwouldn't be as heavy or bulky , and {disfmarker}Industrial Designer: Yeah .Project Manager: Yeah . Just for environmental reasons .Industrial Designer: Yeah .User Interface: {vocalsound}Marketing: I guess it's a bitscary 'cause it hasn't been done before .Industrial Designer: Yeah .Marketing: So it seems {disfmarker} we'd have to do more research on it .Industrial Designer: Yeah .Marketing: Or I dunno if you could have a batterypack .Industrial Designer: Like as a backup for something .User Interface: Backup . Yeah .Marketing: Yeah so there's there is a one battery , because most remotes use two batteries I believe .Industrial Designer: Yeah.Project Manager: Yeah .Marketing: So , if it was running off of one battery as a {disfmarker}User Interface: That would be good yeah .Industrial Designer: Yeah . Some alternative just in case something went wrong.Marketing: Right .User Interface: Maybe we could {disfmarker} you were saying about um solar power ma maybe not working indoors , but a lot of calculators , yeah , have solar power .Industrial Designer: That's true. I just thought of that {gap} .Project Manager: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} Yeah . Yeah .User Interface: So maybe that could be incorporated as {disfmarker}Industrial Designer: May maybe thatcould be the backup .Project Manager: Yeah .Industrial Designer: Instead of a battery .User Interface: Yeah .Industrial Designer: Like solar backup .Marketing: Although it needs some light , doesn't it ?IndustrialDesigner: Yeah . I supposeProject Manager: Yeah , you can watch a T_V_ in the dark then .User Interface: Do , do those calculators {disfmarker}Industrial Designer: s but some {disfmarker}Marketing: So , if we'redoing {disfmarker}User Interface: yeah .Marketing: yeah . If we're {disfmarker}Industrial Designer: But thing is , it's not {disfmarker} you don't need the solar all the time .User Interface: I don't know how it works.Industrial Designer: It can be stored . It can be like {disfmarker} you can have the solar energy and then it can store that energy and use it .User Interface: Yeah .Marketing: Yeah .Industrial Designer: It just needs tobe in light for a certain amount of time per day .User Interface: Yeah .Project Manager: Yeah .Industrial Designer: Like a few hours a day . {gap} .Project Manager: I think that might be a little impractical though.Marketing: Yeah . I think sometimes it's just shoved under , under a cushion ,Project Manager: Yeah .Marketing: and {disfmarker} yeah .Industrial Designer: That's true . It could easily {disfmarker}User Interface:Yeah .Project Manager: Like people don't wanna have to worry about that .Industrial Designer: Yeah .Marketing: Yeah .Project Manager: Yeah .Industrial Designer: I suppose it would be really annoying if you get tothink , oh no , I forgot to charge my remote today .User Interface: {vocalsound} {vocalsound}Project Manager: Yeah .Industrial Designer: Like if the kinetic thing , I think what's best about that is that it's instantenergy .User Interface: {vocalsound} Yeah .Project Manager: Yeah .Industrial Designer: You don't have to , you know , you can shake it a few times , or whatever .Project Manager: Yeah .Industrial Designer: And itworks .Project Manager: Or just like pick it up when you're gonna use it .Industrial Designer: Yeah . Instead of you don't have to like make sure it's in the right place to charge and {gap} .User Interface: Yeah , Isuppose .Project Manager: Yeah .User Interface: Yeah .Project Manager: Alright . Cool .Industrial Designer: K okay .Project Manager: 'S that the end of your presentation .Industrial Designer: Yeah .Project Manager:Alright .User Interface: Yeah .Project Manager: Thank you .Industrial Designer: There we go .User Interface: Thanks . Oh . {vocalsound} It's not on my screen .Industrial Designer: {gap} it wasn't on mine either .UserInterface: Why ? {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: I don't know why . I think , I just , I just used the mouse on there .User Interface: You don't know why ? Oh okay . Is it that one ?Project Manager: Yeah . That's um{disfmarker}Industrial Designer: Yeah .User Interface: Um , I'm just gonna go through the interface concept with yous now . Uh , first of all I'll explain what a user interface is . It's the aspects of a computer systemwhich can be seen or otherwise perceived , for example , heard or felt maybe , or {vocalsound} by the human user . And it's also the commands that the user uses to control its operation and to input data . Um , thereare two types of user interfaces . There's the graphical user interface , which emphasises the use of pictures for output and a pointing device , for example a mouse for input control . So that's sort of like the scroll thingwe were talking about .Project Manager: Oh . Okay . Yeah .User Interface: Yeah . I'm not really sure about the pictures that {disfmarker} maybe that's on an L_C_D_ screen .Industrial Designer: Mm .User Interface: Ormaybe it's the the buttons or pictures or something . {vocalsound}Project Manager: Hmm .Industrial Designer: Yeah .Project Manager: Yeah .User Interface: Do you think it's {disfmarker}Project Manager: Yeah ,'cause {disfmarker}Industrial Designer: So I suppose sometime {disfmarker}Project Manager: I'm sorry ?Industrial Designer: after you . {vocalsound}User Interface: {vocalsound}Project Manager: Um , becausecommand interface requires you to type textual commands and input at a keyboard , so the numbers are sort of like a keyboard . You're pressing the numbers for , um , for what you want .User Interface: Yeah . Yeah.Industrial Designer: Mm .User Interface: So you must , for the graphical user you must need some kind of presentation for the graphics .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} I s I suppose where um mm on some buttonsyou would have {disfmarker} like the power would be s some kind of symbol .User Interface: Like an L_C_D_ screen .Industrial Designer: And if you wanted to go onto teletext or ,User Interface: Yeah .IndustrialDesigner: I know we're not having that , but I mean a similar thing ,User Interface: Yeah .Industrial Designer: you , they have {disfmarker} there's a like little picture with a screen with lines across it , which{disfmarker} I suppose it's that sort of thing like the , the symbol on the button .User Interface: Yeah . Yeah .Industrial Designer: But if we're having a simplified display anyway , w that , we probably won't have tofocus so much on that .Project Manager: Yeah , we'll be doing {disfmarker}Industrial Designer: It'll be more the on the numbers and the volume .User Interface: Yeah .Project Manager: Yeah . It'd be more a commandinterface , and then {disfmarker}Industrial Designer: I suppose we need to think of symbols for like the volume , display , and stuff like that .User Interface: Yeah .Project Manager: Yeah .Marketing: So it's just drafgraphical for the pointing aspect ?Industrial Designer: I {disfmarker}Marketing: The infrared is like , that's considered a {disfmarker}Project Manager: Hmm ?User Interface: No I think it's to do with the actual symbolsthat are on the , that's on the buttons of the remote control , and perMarketing: Okay . So when it says pointing device that doesn't include {disfmarker}Industrial Designer: For inpUser Interface: Well it could be a weescroller thing , and something could come up on the screen .Project Manager: Yeah . I think they're talking about L_C_D_ type things .Industrial Designer: Mm .Marketing: Okay .User Interface: Yeah .Marketing: Okay.Project Manager: Yeah .User Interface: But um I think we're gonna go with the command interface anyway ,Project Manager: Yeah .User Interface: to make it more simplistic . But the , we could incorporate some ofthe graphical user um points ,Marketing: Mm-hmm .User Interface: as in {disfmarker} just to make it m um nicer to look at maybe . {vocalsound}Project Manager: What do you mean ?User Interface: Like{vocalsound} I can't think of an example , but {disfmarker} Sort of like little pictures rather than {disfmarker}Project Manager: Oh yeah , like how the buttons {disfmarker}User Interface: Like a little sound . Insteadof saying volume , like a little speaker or something .Project Manager: Yeah , as a button though .User Interface: Yeah , something yMarketing: Mm .Project Manager: So , it's a keyboard in the shape of it , right ?UserInterface: Yeah m perha yeah . Yeah . Maybe .Project Manager: Okay . Yeah . I like that idea .User Interface: Um , the co uh {disfmarker} we've decided that the command interface would be the most useful for aremote control . As it would be less complicated , and the controls would be more user-friendly . Um , the remote control would be cheaper to design , so that we'd have more money in the budget to , um , target thedesign area of the interface . You know , make it more trendy and original . We'll have more money if we keep it simple .Project Manager: Yeah . I'm sure i like kinetic energy would probably dip into the budget . A bitmore too , yeah .Industrial Designer: Yeah . {vocalsound}User Interface: Yeah . Seeing as it's quite a new technology . Um {disfmarker} {vocalsound} We , we also have to keep in mind when we're designing our , um


Project Manager: Uh it fell off . One , two , three , four , yeah , we're ready . Okay . Welcome to this second meeting . Um it's now quarter after twelve and we're given forty minutes um for this meeting . This is ameeting on functional design . Um and I wanna welcome you all and thank you all for doing some research in between . Um I did {disfmarker} took the minutes from the first meeting and I'll show them to you in amoment . Um I know each of you have a presentation and um in thinking about the forty minutes , I thought it would take only like three minutes for the previous minutes , um each of you having about seven minutesor maybe a little more , maybe a little less for your pre presentations and a little discussion , because there's {disfmarker} I happen to have been told there were some new project requirements and we have to makesome uh decision on what functions it will have . Okay ? Is this ap everybody agree with this ?Industrial Designer: Oops .User Interface: Yes .Marketing: Yes .Project Manager: Okay . Um and after the meeting there'llbe things to be done and as you can see it says we get to get lunch , um and then some more individual work and then putting minutes away and individual actions . {vocalsound} Um but uh now for the minutes of thefirst meeting . And go to that one . Um as you can see it was this earlier today . Um Kate , Steph , Sarah and myself in our four capacities were present . I opened the meeting , the product was developed uh andreviewed , and we talked about the financial end of it . Um and it had some implications , um the four million sales target and new ideas of not too many buttons , bright colours and some of the influence of theJapanese . And we closed early so you could then proceed with your research and getting your reports together for tod this meeting {vocalsound} Anybody have any questions on those minutes ? Are they complete ,did they discuss everything that we covered last time ? 'Kay .Industrial Designer: Uh I think so ,Project Manager: Did I miss something ?Industrial Designer: we we we talked about the the individual roles that we eachhad as well .Marketing: Mm-hmm .Project Manager: Yeah . I'm afraid I incorporated {vocalsound} that when I said who was present , but {disfmarker} yes , we did ,Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} Okay .ProjectManager: and we did a little bit of uh team building of uh of making the pictures ,Marketing: {vocalsound} Okay , I accept the minutes .Project Manager: but I didn't think those were appropriate to the minutesnecessarily . So um as a group I think we've {disfmarker} are {disfmarker} they're accepting the minutes . And uh {disfmarker} okay .Marketing: Is that what we're supposed to say ?Project Manager: Yeah .UserInterface: Yeah , I do .Project Manager: Good . Um , then we'll move to the three presentations . Okay ?Marketing: Okay .Project Manager: Okay . Mm we need to move this . Who wants to go f first ? {vocalsound}That's as far as it goes .User Interface: Uh not really meant to touch those microphones . Oh it doesn't have any on , does it ? That's fine .Marketing: Excellent , thank you .Industrial Designer: Oy , big loop under thetable .Project Manager: She said we didn't need to screw it in .Marketing: Okay . Okay , that looks good .Project Manager: It's doing its thing . There we are .Marketing: Alright . Thank you very much . Um . One of thethe biggest issues I found about um from last meeting was the fact that we need to sell four million of these um remote controls and I think that this is an opportunity to really take Real Reaction in the direction of ofsimilar {disfmarker} of handheld tools that have been used and are used by many of us and to kind of bring the remote control into the si same realm as an accessible um useful electronic device , as opposed tosomething that is lost in the couch and what have you . So um my main goal here is to re-envision the remote control in in this context and to think about menu functionality and current technology and the fact that itcould be interactive with other tools . Um some of the research uh in the market has shown that people really are not happy with remote controls as they are now , and um that means we do need to make somedecisions about what what keys or or buttons on the on the remote control to perhaps keep and and what ones to discard . And if we devote some energy into this , I think the um recent productions of Real Reaction ,the I go everywhere power and the high definition D_V_D_ players {disfmarker} although it makes immediate sense to {vocalsound} have our remote control interact with these , I think we can also use this as aplatform to make it interact with other tools . And um in fact I think the high definition D_V_D_ players and all of this will come along in the uh {disfmarker} will only benefit from the positive feedback {vocalsound}from our well designed tool . So again , most uh users really dislike the current look and feel of remote controls . Um {vocalsound} fifty percent {disfmarker} I think of all these uh numbers the most important is fiftypercent of user say they only use ten percent of the buttons . And eighty percent of users , and if we think about this {vocalsound} there are a lot of uh television , D_V_D_ , stereo remote control users out there ,eighty percent would spend more money on a remote control that looks fancy .Industrial Designer: Could {disfmarker} can I ask where these figures come from , is this market research we've {disfmarker}Marketing:Um it was market research and there were a hundred people in the room , so eighty out of a hundred said they would spend more money .Project Manager: Now in between , as the Project Manager , they sent me anemail from the powers that beIndustrial Designer: Mm-hmm .Project Manager: um that teletext is outdated umMarketing: Mm-hmm .Project Manager: and the internet is coming in as important , but that they want thisremote control to only be for T_V_ um with incorporating the corporate image , colour and slogan .Marketing: Mm-hmm . {vocalsound} Well I think we can {disfmarker} I I think we can really focus on this remote andand again bring the Real Reaction um brand in in and and get some positive marketing for our other tools , even if we directly don't um advertise {vocalsound} for the I go everywhere line .Project Manager: Mm.Marketing: So an interesting um element was the would you pay more for speech recognition question . So these market research uh uh questionnaires {vocalsound} looked into your your uh concern abouttechnologyProject Manager: Hmm .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Marketing: and s specifically wanted to find out information about speech recognition .Project Manager: Okay .Marketing: Now the early adopters ,those of us who grew up with technology and uh luck lucky for us have the uh cash to to pay for it , the young age group without the mortgages and responsibilities , ninety one percent of them {vocalsound} would paymore for speech recognition in a remote control . Very interesting , I I leave this up to the group to decide if we wanna use this uh if {disfmarker} and you know , the the designers ,Project Manager: Mm .Marketing: butninety one percent , fifteen to twenty five {disfmarker}Project Manager: Is that a large enough target market to target it ?Marketing: Well , I I I think {disfmarker} especially in terms of growth , I think this would be avery smart group to target . I mean s three quarters of the next age group , twenty five to thirty five are interested , and uh with the technologies improving , if we can get these uh {disfmarker}Project Manager: Inreal numbers , does the ninety one percent and the seventy six percent translate to ex in excess of the four million ?Marketing: {vocalsound} Yeah . To {disfmarker} {vocalsound} Um yes .Project Manager: Or eightmillion .Marketing: Yes . But would you pay more and does it work and is it approachable and and did I know that it was it was an {disfmarker}Project Manager: Hmm .Marketing: that's a that's a very good question.Project Manager: {vocalsound} Yeah .Industrial Designer: Um {disfmarker}Marketing: I don't know if speech recognition should be um should be included ,Project Manager: Mm .Marketing: but I think it's aninteresting {disfmarker} I think that maybe shows more about uh being open to technology .Project Manager: Mm .User Interface: Uh it definitely needs uh a lot more researchMarketing: Shall I go back ?UserInterface: on like how much more it would be and any , you know , existing examples ,Marketing: Yeah , yeah .User Interface: and what reactions to them have been , and that sort of thing .Marketing: Yeah .IndustrialDesigner: How d I'm wondering how how ou how our target price compares with the the typical price of these things . I expect an Industrial Designer should know that , but if we're aiming to to build this thing fortwelve Euros fifty , um is that a lot or a little ?Marketing: Exactly . I mean I I I uh did not receive any information on that , but I think the competition , sussing out what other people are doing and what's in the pipelineis very very important , because um there is a question about do you want an L_C_D_ screen and and that wasn't responded to , but uh some of the larger remotes do have screens where you can navigate , you know ,so it turns into something {disfmarker} uh perhaps you all have seen uh the Osbournes where Ozzy Osbourne is is attempting to manage his super entertainment system with something that looks like a uh a small tray.Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} Sh surely he's in the wrong age group .Marketing: You know ,Project Manager: {vocalsound} {vocalsound}Marketing: it's {disfmarker} I a and I think , you know{disfmarker}Industrial Designer: He must be w one of a s small population . {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound} No , no ,Project Manager: Mm .Marketing: you {disfmarker} Kate , you're exactly right there .{vocalsound} But I think the key is to get the early adopters , people who are familiar with technology and and uh they'll be {disfmarker}Project Manager: But we're not looking at whether they're early adopters on thatscreen ,Marketing: Uh , mm .Project Manager: that's looking at age groups .Marketing: Exactly . I {vocalsound} yes , and I'm making and I'm making the the uh uh leap that people who are familiar {disfmarker}younger people are l are more familiar with technology than than older people . Or comfortable ,Project Manager: Leap . {vocalsound} Hmm . Mm .Marketing: you know , um so {disfmarker}Project Manager: Okay ,you had the other power channel .Marketing: I think the most important thing is an attractive streamlined remote control and to be extraordinarily reductionist , power , channel , volume and everything else is is uh upto the designers . {vocalsound} And this is this is also supported by the market research .Project Manager: Okay .Marketing: {vocalsound} Thank you . That's my contribution .Project Manager: Alright . And we'll turnto the next presentation . I think she said we don't need to screw it in , just stick it in . And then press , what ? F F_N_ and F_ eight . Next to the control button on the bottom , and then F_ eight at the top .UserInterface: Yeah , press them .Project Manager: And then w be patient . {vocalsound}User Interface: Yeah , here we go .Project Manager: Tada .Industrial Designer: And if you want it to go into slide show mode , it'sthat little button there .User Interface: Can I not just uh do each one in order ?Industrial Designer: I you can if you like , it it {disfmarker} that that just sets it up to do a p a pProject Manager: There we are . Yay .UserInterface: That ?Industrial Designer: no that one , that one there .User Interface: That ?Industrial Designer: Left , left a bit , left a bit , that one , yep .User Interface: That ? Right , technical functions design . Uh well Ithink first off , basically I do agree with what Sarah has defined as as uh your personal preferences,yeah . I think we need uh a more streamlined volume with no extraneous functions . So my method was to look at theexisting remotes and what functions they have . And what we all need to discuss is whether we want these functions uh pretty much the same as what existing remotes have . If we can build on this with the speechrecognition , that's not something I'd thought about at all , but it's also something we can discuss .Project Manager: Okay .User Interface: Um and and I presume we can miss out the functions really to to a video orD_V_D_ remote control , if this is only gonna be a , you know , satellite , cable , T_V_ remote control .Project Manager: T_V_ only .User Interface: So these are two models of existing remote controls . Uh the one onthe left seems to be a fairly uh standard universal remote control .Project Manager: {vocalsound} Ugh .User Interface: It has fast-forward , stop , play , all relating to movies . It also has {disfmarker} seems to havechannel up and channel down , which is which is more what you'd expect from a , you know , like a Sky or cable remote controlProject Manager: Hmm .User Interface: where you've got hundreds of channels instead ofa merely terrestrial one . Uh but I think we should be looking more along the lines of the one on the right , which has {disfmarker} it also has play , stop and pause and everything , I don't think we need them at all . Ithink we just need channel selection , volume up , volume down and I think an an enter function where you can access {disfmarker} it's not like teletext , but along the same lines , access things on the screen . Uh notrelated to the internet one that you mentioned , because that'd be far outside our budget and what we want this to do .Project Manager: Mm . And exceed the requirements they're expecting of us .User Interface: So itreally exceed the requirements , 'cause the requirements really are just {disfmarker} want to be able to change channels and functions , which is more a text on the screen thing than uh than actual buttonsProjectManager: Okay .User Interface: o I was thinking something {disfmarker} some smooth , sleek , little remote control with big user-friendly buttons and uh a menu that you can access .Project Manager: Alright .UserInterface: Uh but then I do think we need to discuss the speech um recognition possibility .Project Manager: Okay . Any uh thing else you wanna add ?User Interface: No .Project Manager: Okay .User Interface: But wecould go back to the pictures of the {disfmarker} uh , what're they called ? The pictures of the remote controls and possibly discuss what we think about them ,Marketing: Or if {disfmarker}User Interface: but{vocalsound} maybe should hear what Kate has to say first .Marketing: Yeah .Project Manager: Yeah . Let's hear what Kate has to say .User Interface: Okay then .Marketing: Maybe afterwards we could do a uhwhiteboard with that {disfmarker} your {disfmarker} the one on the right as a as a basis .Project Manager: Hmm .Marketing: Whiteboard session .Project Manager: I think the white {disfmarker} that one on the rightis , as well as less cluttered , {vocalsound} {disfmarker}Marketing: Mm-hmm .User Interface: Definitely less cluttered and {disfmarker} I mean but still it's {disfmarker}Project Manager: It's thereUser Interface:SorryProject Manager: but it's {disfmarker}User Interface: I was just {disfmarker} I'll just uh resume something else I was gonna say .Marketing: {vocalsound}User Interface: The the style of these is terrible .ProjectManager: Yeah .User Interface: {vocalsound} I I I really think we need to uh not only possibly even materials , like the type of plastic used , but everything including size and shape of buttons , positioning of buttons ,the actual shape of the hand-held device , colours , just every e yeah , everything to do with this has to be revolutionised . {vocalsound}Marketing: The ergonomics , the way it fits in your {disfmarker}Project Manager:Hmm .Marketing: Yeah .User Interface: But {disfmarker}Project Manager: {gap}User Interface: So that's that for now .Industrial Designer: Cheers . Mm , I haven't actually got a display on my screen .Project Manager:Okay .Industrial Designer: Still , I'll do without that . Okay um , now I wanna bring us down to earth again I'm afraid and talk about the actual practicalities of how the thing needs to work . {vocalsound} Um oh and thisis the methodology I used in preparing for this meeting . Um basically I've been doing a little bit of web-based research , {vocalsound} and if I had a design team , I would've been discussing my ideas with 'em . But thethe net result is that I've come up with a first cut for the working design that I'd like to discuss with you . So , let's go back to what the basic function of a remote control is . It's for sending a message , um typically umvia infrared . {vocalsound} And the the basic components we've got to build in for our twelve Euros fifty are um an energy source , the user interface and {disfmarker} which will um in incorporate um an integratedcircuit that actually composes the message um based on what the {disfmarker} which buttons the user presses , we turn that into a message , um and then we need a sending mechanism to send it to the receiver .Now I would have hoped {disfmarker} I think that's my only slide actually , yeah . I would have have hoped to um do you a pretty PowerPoint slide of um my first cut design , but unfortunately the technology defeatedme , so if you'll bear with me I'll do it on the whiteboard . {vocalsound} So we want an energy source which is there . And we've got to think about what that might be .Project Manager: Hmm-mm .Industrial Designer:Uh we obviously don't want wires on this thing . Uh typically it would be a battery , but I'm open to suggestions . {vocalsound} Um and then we have the the user interface . Oops . And the main components in thereare the the th the chip that actually has the intelligence of the machine that translates button presses into a message , which it then transfers to some sending mechanism , which encodes it and sends the message tothe receiver . So those are the basic things that we've got to get in for our twelve Euros fifty . {vocalsound} Thank you .Project Manager: Hmm . {vocalsound} Okay . Right . But those things {disfmarker} as long as wecan get those components , the block , that that rectangle for the user interface , is where the user comes in of {disfmarker} what what does it look like ? What do the buttons look like ? Uh what does it feel like ? That'swhere the user interface is really coming into its own .Industrial Designer: Mm-hmm .Project Manager: The technical end is what's actually gonna be in there , but also it has to be easy enough to change or repair ifsomething goes wrong . For example the battery energy source or um what if the chip , for whatever reason , breaks down after a certain amount of time , do you just replace it ? Um is there any um {disfmarker}because it may be in the same area with several other user interfaces , like for D_V_D_s , movies , whatever . Um does it have to have a a way of being segregated from the others , in a different frequency orsomething ?Industrial Designer: Well I may be wrong here , but I'd been thinking of this device as being a a cheap mass-produced device . We're trying to sell four million of 'em ,Project Manager: Mm .IndustrialDesigner: um that's that's , you know , that's almost one in every tenth household or whatever it is . Um and I hadn't thought of it as being a reparable thing ,Project Manager: {vocalsound} Okay .Industrial Designer:you just {disfmarker} if it goes wrong you chuck it out , and that's why I'm a bit concerned . I like the idea of speech recognition , that's a great idea , but I'm not convinced we can put it into this box for the price thatwe need {disfmarker} gonna need to hit .Project Manager: Okay .User Interface: Whoop .Marketing: Do we have um ki some idea of how much it would cost to create a device that has these basic elements ?UserInterface: {vocalsound} Isn't that your job ?Marketing: Because then {disfmarker}Project Manager: {vocalsound} Oh .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Marketing: No ,User Interface: {vocalsound} Oh right.Marketing: the chip composer marketing . Oh no , the chip composer sender .Project Manager: Mm . What they cost .Industrial Designer: Um , I'm I'm I'm hoping that my personal coach is gonna {vocalsound} give mesome advice on that , if you're asking me ,Marketing: I I don't believe I know , um .Project Manager: {vocalsound} Okay .Marketing: Okay .Industrial Designer: but {disfmarker} {vocalsound}Marketing: Be becausethen we would ha ha figure out how much we had to play with in terms of user interface and this look and feel idea .User Interface: Yeah . {vocalsound}Project Manager: Mm .Industrial Designer: Yeah .User Interface:It does it does seem as if we're just to do something really simple and mass-produced , the {disfmarker} which is pretty much the same as these existing models ,Marketing: Mm-hmm .User Interface: just maybe a


Postdoc B: Alright .Professor C: So , uh {disfmarker}Grad F: Um , so I wanted to discuss digits briefly , but that won't take too long .Professor C: Oh good . Right . OK , agenda items , Uh , we have digits , What else wegot ?PhD A: New version of the presegmentation .Professor C: New version of presegmentation .Postdoc B: Um , do we wanna say something about the , an update of the , uh , transcript ?PhD G: Yeah , why don't yousummarize the {disfmarker}Professor C: Update on transcripts .PhD G: And I guess that includes some {disfmarker} the filtering for the , the ASI refs , too .Postdoc B: Mmm .Professor C: Filtering for what ?PhD G: Forthe references that we need to go from the {disfmarker} the {pause} fancy transcripts to the sort of {nonvocalsound} brain - dead .Postdoc B: It 'll {disfmarker} it 'll be {disfmarker} basically it 'll be a re - cap of ameeting that we had jointly this morning .Professor C: Uh - huh .PhD G: With Don , as well .Postdoc B: Mm - hmm .Professor C: Got it . Anything else more pressing than those things ? So {disfmarker} So , why don'twe just do those . You said yours was brief , so {disfmarker}Grad F: OK . OK well , the , w uh as you can see from the numbers on the digits we 're almost done . The digits goes up to {pause} about four thousand . Um, and so , uh , we probably will be done with the TI - digits in , um , another couple weeks . um , depending on how many we read each time . So there were a bunch that we skipped . You know , someone fills out theform and then they 're not at the meeting and so it 's blank . Um , but those are almost all filled in as well . And so , once we 're {disfmarker} it 's done it would be very nice to train up a recognizer and actually startworking with this data .PhD D: So we 'll have a corpus that 's the size of TI - digits ?Grad F: And so {disfmarker} One particular test set of TI - digits .PhD D: Test set , OK .Grad F: So , I {disfmarker} I extracted , Ther- there was a file sitting around which people have used here as a test set . It had been randomized and so onPhD D: Grad F: and that 's just what I used to generate the order . of these particular ones .PhD D: Oh !Great . Great .Professor C: So , I 'm impressed by what we could do , Is take the standard training set for TI - digits , train up with whatever , you know , great features we think we have , uh for instance , and then teston uh this test set .Grad F: Um {disfmarker}Professor C: And presumably uh it should do reasonably well on that , and then , presumably , we should go to the distant mike , and it should do poorly .PhD D: Yeah.Professor C: And then we should get really smart over the next year or two , and it {disfmarker} that should get better .Grad F: Right . And inc increase it by one or two percent , yeah .Professor C: Yeah ,{vocalsound} Yeah .Grad F: Um , but , in order to do that we need to extract out the actual digits .Professor C: Right .Grad F: Um , so that {disfmarker} the reason it 's not just a transcript is that there 're false starts ,and misreads , and miscues and things like that . And so I have a set of scripts and X Waves where you just select the portion , hit R , um , it tells you what the next one should be , and you just look for that . You know, so it {disfmarker} it 'll put on the screen , " The next set is six nine , nine two two " . And you find that , and , hit the key and it records it in a file in a particular format .Professor C: So is this {disfmarker}Grad F: Andso the {disfmarker} the question is , should we have the transcribers do that or should we just do it ? Well , some of us . I 've been do I 've done , eight meetings , something like that , just by hand . Just myself ,rather . So it will not take long . Um {disfmarker}Professor C: Uh , what {disfmarker} what do you think ?Postdoc B: My feeling is that we discussed this right before coffee and I think it 's a {disfmarker} it 's a fine ideapartly because , um , it 's not un unrelated to their present skill set , but it will add , for them , an extra dimension , it might be an interesting break for them . And also it is contributing to the , uh , c composition of thetranscript cuz we can incorporate those numbers directly and it 'll be a more complete transcript . So I 'm {disfmarker} I think it 's fine , that part .Grad F: There is {disfmarker} there is {disfmarker}Professor C: Soyou think it 's fine to have the transcribers do it ?Postdoc B: Mm - hmm .Professor C: Yeah , OK .Grad F: There 's one other small bit , which is just entering the information which at s which is at the top of this form ,onto the computer , to go along with the {disfmarker} where the digits are recorded automatically .PhD D: Good .Professor C: Yeah .Grad F: And so it 's just , you know , typing in name , times {disfmarker} time , date, and so on . Um , which again either they can do , but it is , you know , firing up an editor , or , again , I can do . Or someone else can do .Postdoc B: And , that , you know , I 'm not , that {disfmarker} that one I 'mnot so sure if it 's into the {disfmarker} the , things that , I , wanted to use the hours for , because the , the time that they 'd be spending doing that they wouldn't be able to be putting more words on .Professor C:Mmm .Postdoc B: But that 's really your choice , it 's your {disfmarker}PhD D: So are these two separate tasks that can happen ? Or do they have to happen at the same time before {disfmarker}Grad F: No they don'thave {disfmarker} this {disfmarker} you have to enter the data before , you do the second task , but they don't have to happen at the same time .PhD D: OK .Grad F: So it 's {disfmarker} it 's just I have a file whiwhich has this information on it , and then when you start using my scripts , for extracting the times , it adds the times at the bottom of the file . And so , um , I mean , it 's easy to create the files and leave them blank, and so actually we could do it in either order .PhD D: Oh , OK .Grad F: Um , it 's {disfmarker} it 's sort of nice to have the same person do it just as a double - check , to make sure you 're entering for the right person. But , either way .Professor C: Yeah . Yeah just by way of uh , uh , a uh , order of magnitude , uh , um , we 've been working with this Aurora , uh data set . And , uh , the best score , on the , nicest part of the data ,that is , where you 've got training and test set that are basically the same kinds of noise and so forth , uh , is about , uh {disfmarker} I think the best score was something like five percent , uh , error , per digit .PhD A:Per digit .Professor C: So , that {disfmarker}Grad F: Per digit .Professor C: You 're right . So if you were doing {pause} ten digit , uh , recognition , {vocalsound} you would really be in trouble . So {disfmarker} So the{disfmarker} The point there , and this is uh car noise uh , uh things , but {disfmarker} but real {disfmarker} real situation ,PhD D: Mm - hmm .Professor C: well , " real " , Um , the {disfmarker} uh there 's onemicrophone that 's close , that they have as {disfmarker} as this sort of thing , close versus distant . Uh but in a car , instead of {disfmarker} instead of having a projector noise it 's {disfmarker} it 's car noise . Uh butit wasn't artificially added to get some {disfmarker} some artificial signal - to - noise ratio . It was just people driving around in a car . So , that 's {disfmarker} that 's an indication , uh that was with , many sitescompeting , and this was the very best score and so forth , so . More typical numbers likePhD D: Although the models weren't , that good , right ? I mean , the models are pretty crappy ?Professor C: You 're right . Ithink that we could have done better on the models , but the thing is that we got {disfmarker} this {disfmarker} this is the kind of typical number , for all of the , uh , uh , things in this task , all of the , um , languages. And so I {disfmarker} I think we 'd probably {disfmarker} the models would be better in some than in others . Um , so , uh . Anyway , just an indication once you get into this kind of realm even if you 're looking atconnected digits it can be pretty hard .PhD D: Hmm .Postdoc B: Hmm . It 's gonna be fun to see how we , compare at this . Very exciting . s @ @ .Professor C: Yeah .PhD D: How did we do on the TI - digits ?Grad F:Well the prosodics are so much different s it 's gonna be , strange . I mean the prosodics are not the same as TI - digits , for example .Professor C: Yeah .Grad F: So I 'm {disfmarker} I 'm not sure how much of effectthat will have .PhD D: H how do {disfmarker}PhD G: What do you mean , the prosodics ?Grad F: Um , just what we were talking about with grouping . That with these , the grouping , there 's no grouping at all , and soit 's just {disfmarker} the only sort of discontinuity you have is at the beginning and the end .PhD G: So what are they doing in Aurora , are they reading actual phone numbers ,Grad F: Aurora I don't know . I don'tknow what they do in Aurora .PhD G: or , a {disfmarker} a digit at a time , or {disfmarker} ?Professor C: Uh , I 'm not sure how {disfmarker}PhD G: Cuz it 's {disfmarker}Professor C: no , no I mean it 's connected{disfmarker} it 's connected , uh , digits ,PhD G: Connected .Professor C: yeah . But .Grad F: But {disfmarker} Right .PhD G: So there 's also the {disfmarker} not just the prosody but the cross {disfmarker} the cross- word modeling is probably quite different .PhD D: H HowGrad F: But in TI - digits , they 're reading things like zip codes and phone numbers and things like that ,PhD G: Right .PhD D: do we do on TI - digits ?Grad F:so it 's gonna be different . I don't remember . I mean , very good , right ?Professor C: Yeah , I mean we were in the .Grad F: One and a half percent , two percent , something like that ?Professor C: Uh , I th no I thinkwe got under a percent , but it was {disfmarker} but it 's {disfmarker} but I mean . The very best system that I saw in the literature was a point two five percent or something that somebody had at {disfmarker} at BellLabs , or . Uh , but . But , uh , sort of pulling out all the stops .Grad F: Oh really ?Postdoc B: s @ @ . It s strikes me that there are more {disfmarker} each of them is more informative because it 's so , random ,Grad F:OK . Alright .PhD D: Hmm .Professor C: But I think a lot of systems sort of get half a percent , or three - quarters a percent ,Grad F: Right .Professor C: and we 're {disfmarker} we 're in there somewhere .Grad F: Butthat {disfmarker} I mean it 's really {disfmarker} it 's {disfmarker} it 's close - talking mikes , no noise , clean signal , just digits , I mean , every everything is good .Professor C: Yeah .PhD G: It 's the beginning oftime in speech recognition .Grad F: Yes , exactly .Professor C: Yeah .Grad F: And we 've only recently got it to anywhere near human .PhD G: It 's like the , single cell , you know , it 's the beginning of life ,PhD D: Pre -prehistory .PhD G: yeah .Grad F: And it 's still like an order of magnitude worse than what humans do .PhD G: Right .Professor C: Yeah .Grad F: So .Professor C: When {disfmarker} When they 're wide awake , yeah .Um ,Grad F: Yeah . After coffee .Professor C: after coffee , you 're right . Not after lunch .Grad F: OK , so , um , what I 'll do then is I 'll go ahead and enter , this data . And then , hand off to Jane , and the transcribersto do the actual extraction of the digits .Professor C: Yeah . Yeah . One question I have that {disfmarker} that I mean , we wouldn't know the answer to now but might , do some guessing , but I was talking beforeabout doing some model modeling of arti uh , uh , marking of articulatory , features , with overlap and so on .Grad F: Hmm .Professor C: And , and , um , On some subset . One thought might be to do this uh , on{disfmarker} on the digits , or some piece of the digits . Uh , it 'd be easier , uh , and so forth . The only thing is I 'm a little concerned that maybe the kind of phenomena , in w i i The reason for doing it is because the{disfmarker} the argument is that certainly with conversational speech , the stuff that we 've looked at here before , um , just doing the simple mapping , from , um , the phone , to the corresponding features that youcould look up in a book , uh , isn't right . It isn't actually right . In fact there 's these overlapping processes where some voicing some up and then some , you know , some nasality is {disfmarker} comes in here , and soforth . And you do this gross thing saying " Well I guess it 's this phone starting there " . So , uh , that 's the reasoning . But , It could be that when we 're reading digits , because it 's {disfmarker} it 's for such a limitedset , that maybe {disfmarker} maybe that phenomenon doesn't occur as much . I don't know . Di - an anybody {disfmarker} ? {pause} Do you have any {disfmarker} ? {pause} Anybody have any opinion about that,Postdoc B: and that people might articulate more , and you that might end up with more {disfmarker} a closer correspondence .Professor C: Mm - hmm . Yeah .Grad F: Yeah {disfmarker} that 's {disfmarker} I{disfmarker} I agree .PhD D: Sort of less predictability ,Grad F: That {disfmarker} it 's just {disfmarker}Postdoc B: Mm - hmm .Professor C: Yeah .PhD D: and {disfmarker} You hafta {disfmarker}Grad F: It 's a{disfmarker} Well {disfmarker} Would , this corpus really be the right one to even try that on ?PhD G: Well it 's definitely true that , when people are , reading , even if they 're re - reading what , they had saidspontaneously , that they have very different patterns . Mitch showed that , and some , dissertations have shown that .Professor C: Right .PhD G: So the fact that they 're reading , first of all , whether they 're readingin a room of , people , or rea you know , just the fact that they 're reading will make a difference .Professor C: Yeah .PhD G: And , depends what you 're interested in .Professor C: See , I don't know . So , may maybethe thing will be do {disfmarker} to take some very small subset , I mean not have a big , program , but take a small set , uh , subset of the conversational speech and a small subset of the digits , and {pause} lookand {disfmarker} and just get a feeling for it . Um , just take a look . Really .Postdoc B: H That could {disfmarker} could be an interesting design , too , cuz then you 'd have the com the comparison of the , uh ,predictable speech versus the less predictable speechProfessor C: Cuz I don't think anybody is , I at least , I don't know , of anybody , uh , well , I don't know , {vocalsound} the answers .PhD D: Hey .Professor C: Yeah.Postdoc B: and maybe you 'd find that it worked in , in the , case of the pr of the , uh , non - predictable .Professor C: Yeah .PhD D: Hafta think about , the particular acoustic features to mark , too , because , I mean ,some things , they wouldn't be able to mark , like , uh , you know , uh , tense lax .Professor C: Mm - hmm .PhD D: Some things are really difficult . You know ,Postdoc B: Well .PhD D: just listening .Grad F: M I think wecan get Ohala in to , give us some advice on that .PhD D: Yeah .Postdoc B: Also I thought you were thinking of a much more restricted set of features , that {disfmarker}Professor C: Yeah , but I {disfmarker} I{disfmarker} I {disfmarker} I was , like he said , {vocalsound} I was gonna bring John in and ask John what he thought .Postdoc B: Yeah , sure . Sure . Yeah .Professor C: Right . But I mean you want {disfmarker} youwant it be restrictive but you also want it to {disfmarker} to {disfmarker} to have coverage .Grad F: Right .Postdoc B: YeahProfessor C: You know i you should . It should be such that if you , if you , uh , if you had oum , all of the features , determined that you {disfmarker} that you were uh ch have chosen , that that would tell you , uh , in the steady - state case , uh , the phone . So , um .Postdoc B: OK .Grad F: Even , I guesswith vowels that would be pretty hard , wouldn't it ? To identify actually , you know , which one it is ?Postdoc B: It would seem to me that the points of articulation would be m more , g uh , I mean that 's {disfmarker} Ithink about articulatory features , I think about , points of articulation , which means , uh , rather than vowels .Grad F: Yeah .PhD D: Points of articulation ? What do you mean ?Postdoc B: So , is it , uh , bilabial ordental or is it , you know , palatal .Professor C: Mm - hmm .Postdoc B: Which {disfmarker} which are all like where {disfmarker} where your tongue comes to rest .Professor C: Place , place .PhD D: Place of ar place ofarticulation .Grad F: Uvular .PhD A: Place .Postdoc B: Place . Thank you , what {disfmarker} whatev whatever I s said , that 's {disfmarker}Professor C: Yeah .PhD D: OK .Postdoc B: I really meant place .Professor C:Yeah .PhD D: OK , I see .Professor C: Yeah . OK we got our jargon then , OK .Postdoc B: Yeah .Professor C: Uh .PhD G: Well it 's also , there 's , really a difference between , the pronunciation models in the dictionary ,and , the pronunciations that people produce . And , so , You get , some of that information from Steve 's work on the {disfmarker} on the labelingProfessor C: Right .Grad F: Right .PhD G: and it really , I actually thinkthat data should be used more . That maybe , although I think the meeting context is great , that he has transcriptions that give you the actual phone sequence . And you can go from {disfmarker} not from that to thearticulatory features , but that would be a better starting point for marking , the gestural features , then , data where you don't have that , because , we {disfmarker} you wanna know , both about the way that they 'reproducing a certain sound , and what kinds of , you know what kinds of , phonemic , differences you get between these , transcribed , sequences and the dictionary ones .Professor C: Well you might be right that mimight be the way at getting at , what I was talking about , but the particular reason why I was interested in doing that was because I remember , when that happened , and , John Ohala was over here and he waslooking at the spectrograms of the more difficult ones . Uh , he didn't know what to say , about , what is the sequence of phones there . They came up with some compromise . Because that really wasn't what it look like. It didn't look like a sequence of phonesGrad F: Right .PhD G: Right .Professor C: it look like this blending thing happening here and here and here .Grad F: Yeah , so you have this feature here , and , overlap , yeah.PhD G: Right .Professor C: Yeah .PhD D: There was no name for that .PhD G: But {disfmarker} Right .Professor C: Yeah .PhD G: But it still is {disfmarker} there 's a {disfmarker} there are two steps . One{disfmarker} you know , one is going from a dictionary pronunciation of something , like , " gonna see you tomorrow " ,Grad F: And {disfmarker} Or " gonta " .Professor C: Right . Yeah .PhD G: it could be " going to "or " gonna " or " gonta s " you know .Professor C: Right .PhD G: And , yeah . " Gonna see you tomorrow " , uh , " guh see you tomorrow " . And , that it would be nice to have these , intermediate , or these{disfmarker} some {disfmarker} these reduced pronunciations that those transcribers had marked or to have people mark those as well .Professor C: Mm - hmm .PhD G: Because , it 's not , um , that easy to go fromthe , dictionary , word pronuncia the dictionary phone pronunciation , to the gestural one without this intermediate or a syllable level kind of , representation .Grad F: Well I don't think Morgan 's suggesting that we dothat , though .Professor C: Do you mean ,PhD A: Yeah .Professor C: Yeah , I mean , I I I 'm jus at the moment of course we 're just talking about what , to provide as a tool for people to do research who have differentideas about how to do it . So for instance , you might have someone who just has a wor has words with states , and has uh {disfmarker} uh , comes from articulatory gestures to that . And someone else , mightactually want some phonetic uh intermediate thing . So I think it would be {disfmarker} be best to have all of it if we could . But {pause} um ,Grad F: But {disfmarker} What I 'm imagining is a score - like notation ,where each line is a particular feature .Professor C: Yeah .Grad F: Right ,Professor C: Yeah .Grad F: so you would say , you know , it 's voiced through here , and so you have label here , and you have nas nasal here ,and , they {disfmarker} they could be overlapping in all sorts of bizarre ways that don't correspond to the timing on phones .Professor C: I mean this is the kind of reason why {disfmarker} I remember when at one ofthe Switchboard , workshops , that uh when we talked about doing the transcription project , Dave Talkin said , " can't be done " .Grad F: Right .Professor C: He was {disfmarker} he was , what {disfmarker} what hemeant was that this isn't , you know , a sequence of phones , and when you actually look at Switchboard that 's , not what you see , and , you know . And . It ,Grad F: And in {disfmarker} in fact the inter - annotatoragreement was not that good , right ? On the harder ones ?Professor C: yeah I mean it wasPhD G: It depends how you look at it , and I {disfmarker} I understand what you 're saying about this , kind of transcriptionexactly ,Professor C: Yeah .PhD G: because I 've seen {disfmarker} you know , where does the voicing bar start and so forth .Professor C: Yeah .PhD G: All I 'm saying is that , it is useful to have that {disfmarker} the


Grad D: And we already got the crash out of the way . It did crash , so I feel much better , earlier .Professor F:  Yeah .Postdoc E: Interesting . Hmm .Professor F: Will you get the door , and {disfmarker} ? Grad D: OK ,so um .Professor F: OK . You collected an agenda , huh ?Grad D: I did collect an agenda . So I 'm gonna go first . Mwa - ha - ha ! It shouldn't take too long .Postdoc E: Yeah .Grad D: Um , so we 're pretty much out ofdigits . We 've gone once through the set . Um , so the only thing I have to doProfessor F: No there 's only ten .Grad D: Yeah , that 's right . so I {disfmarker} I just have to go through themProfessor F: Well , OK .GradD: and uh pick out the ones that have problems , and either correct them or have them re - read . So we probably have like four or five more forms to be read , to be once through the set . I 've also extracted out aboutan hour 's worth . We have about two hours worth . I extracted out about an hour 's worth which are the f digits with {disfmarker} for which whose speaker have speaker forms , have filled out speaker forms . Noteveryone 's filled out a speaker form . So I extracted one for speakers who have speaker forms and for meetings in which the " key " file and the transcript files are parsable . Some of the early key files , it looks like ,were done by hand , and so they 're not automatically parsable and I have to go back and fix those . So what that means is we have about an hour of transcribed digits that we can play with . Um , Liz{disfmarker}Professor F: So you think two {disfmarker} you think two hours is the {disfmarker} is the total that we have ?Grad D: Yep , yeah .Professor F: And you think we th uh , I {disfmarker} I didn't quite catchall these different things that are not quite right , but you think we 'll be able to retrieve the other hour , reasonably ?Grad D: Yes , absolutely .Professor F: OK .Grad D: So it 's just a question of a little hand - editing ofsome files and then waiting for more people to turn in their speaker forms . I have this web - based speaker form , and I sent mail to everyone who hadn't filled out a speaker form , and they 're slowly s trickling in.Professor F: So the relevance of the speaker form here , sGrad D: It 's for labeling the extracted audio files .Professor F: Oh , OK .Grad D: By speaker ID and microphone type .Professor F: Wasn't like whether theywere giving us permission to use their digits or something .Grad D: No , I spoke with Jane about that and we sort of decided that it 's probably not an issue that {disfmarker} We edit out any of the errors anyway . Right? So the there are no errors in the digits ,Professor F: Yeah .Grad D: you 'll always read the string correctly . So I can't imagine why anyone would care . So the other topic with digits is uh , Liz would like to elicitdifferent prosodics , and so we tried last week with them written out in English . And it just didn't work at all because no one grouped them together . So it just sounded like many many more lines instead of anythingelse . So in conversations with Liz and uh Jane we decided that if you wrote them out as numbers instead of words it would elicit more phone number , social security number - like readings . The problem with that is itbecomes numbers instead of digits . When I look at this , that first line is " sixty one , sixty two , eighteen , eighty six , ten . " Um , and so the question is does anyone care ? Um , I 've already spoken with Liz and shefeels that , correct me if I 'm wrong , that for her , connected numbers is fine ,Postdoc E: Mm - hmm .Grad D: as opposed to connected digits . Um , I think two hours is probably fine for a test set , but it may be a littleshort if we actually wanna do training and adaptation and all that other stuff .Professor F: Yeah Um , do um you want different prosodics , so if you always had the same groupings you wouldn't like that ? Is that correct?PhD G: Well , we actually figured out a way to {disfmarker}Grad D: Yeah , the {disfmarker} the {disfmarker}PhD G: the {disfmarker} the groupings are randomly generated .Professor F: No but , I was asking if thatwas something you really cared about because if it wasn't , it seems to me if you made it really specifically telephone groupings that maybe people wouldn't , uh , go and do numbers so much . You know if it if it 's{disfmarker}PhD A: Uh {disfmarker}PhD G: I think they may still do it , um ,Professor F: Maybe some , but I probably not so much .PhD B: What about putting a hyphen between the numbers in the group ?PhD G: And{disfmarker}Professor F: Right ? So if you {disfmarker} if {disfmarker} if you have uhGrad D: Six dash one , you mean ?Professor F: if you go six six six uh dash uh two nine three one .PhD G: I {disfmarker} well OK{disfmarker} I {disfmarker} it might help , I would like to g get away from having only one specific grouping .Professor F: That 's what I was asking , yeah .PhD G: Um , so if that 's your question ,Professor F: Yeah.PhD G: but I mean it seems to me that , at least for us , we can learn to read them as digitsPostdoc E: Yeah .PhD G: if that 's what people want . I {disfmarker} I 'mPostdoc E: Yeah .PhD G: don't think that 'd be thathard to read them as single digits .Postdoc E: I agree .PhD G: Um , and it seems like that might be better for you guys since then you 'll have just more digit data ,Grad D: Right .PhD G: and that 's always a good thing.Grad D: Yep .PhD G: It 's a little bit better for me too because the digits are easier to recognize . They 're better trained than the numbers .Grad D: So we could just , uh , put in the instructions " read them as digits ".Professor F: Right .PhD G: Right . Right , read them as single digits , so sixty - one w is read as six one ,Postdoc E: Mm - hmm .PhD G: and if people make a mistake we {disfmarker}Grad D: How about " O " versus "zero " ?Professor F: I mean , the other thing is we could just bag it because it 's {disfmarker} it 's {disfmarker} it 's - I 'm not worrying about it I mean , because we do have digits training data that we have from uhfrom OGI . I 'm sorry , digits {disfmarker} numbers training that we have from OGI , we 've done lots and lots of studies with that . And um .PhD G: But it 's nice to get it in this room with the acousProfessor F: Yeah.PhD G: I mean {disfmarker} for {disfmarker} it 's {disfmarker}Professor F: No , no , I guess what I 'm saying is thatGrad D: Just let them read it how they read it .Professor F: to some extent maybe we could justread them {disfmarker} have them read how {disfmarker} how they read it and it just means that we have to expand our {disfmarker} our vocabulary out to stuff that we already have .PhD G: Right . Well that 's finewith me as long as {disfmarker} It 's just that I didn't want to cause the people who would have been collecting digits the other way to not have the digits .Professor F: Yeah . We can go back to the other thing later.PhD G: So {disfmarker}Professor F: I mean we s we {disfmarker} we 've {disfmarker} We can do this for awhilePhD G: OK .Professor F: and then go back to digits for awhile , or um . Do yo I mean , do you want{disfmarker} do you want this {disfmarker} Do you need training data or adaptation data out of this ?PhD G: OK .Professor F: How much of this do you need ? with uh the {disfmarker}PhD G: It 's actually unclear rightnow . I just thought well we 're {disfmarker} if we 're collec collecting digits , and Adam had said we were running out of the TI forms , I thought it 'd be nice to have them in groups , and probably , all else being equal ,it 'd be better for me to just have single digitsProfessor F: OK .PhD G: since it 's , you know , a recognizer 's gonna do better on those anyway , um , and it 's more predictable . So we can know from the transcript whatthe person said and the transcriber , in general .Professor F: OK , well if you prePhD G: But if they make mistakes , it 's no big deal if the people say a hundred instead of " one OO " . and also w maybe we can just letthem choose " zero " versus " O " as they {disfmarker} as they like because even the same person c sometimes says " O " and sometimes says " zero " in different context ,Professor F: Yeah .PhD G: and that 's sort ofinteresting . So I don't have a Specific need cuz if I did I 'd probably try to collect it , you know , without bothering this group , but If we can try it {disfmarker}Grad D: OK so {disfmarker} so I can just add to theinstructions to read it as digits not as connected numbers .Postdoc E: Mm - hmm .PhD G: Right , and you can give an example like , you know , " six {disfmarker} sixty - one would be read as six one " .Grad D: Right.Postdoc E: Mm - hmm . And i actually it 's no more artificial than what we 've been doing with words .PhD G: And I think people will get it .Postdoc E: I 'm sure people can adapt to this , read it single .PhD G: Right ,right .Postdoc E: The spaces already bias it toward being separated .PhD G: It 's just easier to read .Postdoc E: And I know I 'm gonna find this easier than words .PhD G: Right .Grad D: Oh yeah , absolutely ,cognitively it 's much easier .PhD G: OK I also had a hard {disfmarker} hard time with the words ,Professor F: Yeah .PhD G: but then we went back and forth on that . OK , so let 's give that a tryGrad D: OK . And is thespacing alright or do you think there should be more space between digits and groups ?Professor F: OK .PhD G: and {disfmarker}Grad D: Or is that alright ?PhD G: I mean what do other people think cuz you guys arereading {comment} them .Postdoc E: I think that i it 's fine .Grad D: OK .Postdoc E: I it {disfmarker} it {disfmarker} to me it looks like you 've got the func the idea of grouping and you have the grou the idea ofseparationPhD G: OK .Postdoc E: and , you know , it 's just a matter of u i the instructions , that 's all .PhD G: Great . OK .Grad D: And I think there are about ten different gouping patternsProfessor F: Let 's try it .PhDG: Well let 's give it a try .Grad D: isn't that right , Liz ? That we did .PhD G: Righ - right , and you just {disfmarker} they 're randomly {nonvocalsound} generated and randomly assigned to digits .Postdoc E: I did{disfmarker} Mm - hmm .Professor F: So we have {disfmarker}Postdoc E: Go ahead .Professor F: Sorry , I {disfmarker} I was just gonna say , so we have in the vicinity of forty hours of {disfmarker} of recordings now. And you 're saying two hours , uh , is digits , so that 's roughly the ratio then ,Grad D: Yep .Professor F: something like twenty {disfmarker} twenty to one . Which I guess makes {disfmarker} makes sense . So if wedid another forty hours of recordings then we could get another couple hours of this .Grad D: Right .Professor F: Um , yeah like you say , I think a couple hours for a {disfmarker} for a {disfmarker} for a test{disfmarker} test set 's OK . It 'd be nice to get , you know , more later because we 'll {disfmarker} we might use {disfmarker} use this up , uh , in some sense ,Postdoc E: Mm - hmm .Grad D: Right .Professor F: but{disfmarker} but uh {disfmarker}Postdoc E: Yeah , I also would like to argue for that cuz it {disfmarker} it seems to me that , um , there 's a real strength in having the same test replicated in {disfmarker} a wholebunch of times and adding to that basic test bank .Grad D: Right .Postdoc E: Hmm ? Cuz then you have , you know , more and more , u chances to get away from random errors . And I think , um , the other thing too isthat right now we have sort of a stratified sample with reference to dialect groups , and it might be {disfmarker} there might be an argument to be made for having uh f for replicating all of the digits that we 've done ,which were done by non - native speakers so that we have a core that totally replicates the original data set , which is totally American speakers , and then we have these stratified additional language groupsoverlapping certain aspects of the database .Grad D: Right . I think that uh trying to duplicate , spending too much effort trying to duplicate the existing TI - digits probably isn't too worthwhile because the recordingsituation is so different .Professor F: Yeah .Grad D: It 's gonna be very hard to be comparable .Postdoc E: Except that if you have the stimuli {pause} comparable , then it says something about the {disfmarker} thecontribution of settingProfessor F: No it 's {disfmarker} it 's not the same .Postdoc E: and {disfmarker}Professor F: A little bit , but the other differences are so major .Grad D: Yeah I mean read versus not .Postdoc E:OK .Professor F: They 're such major sources of variance that it 's {disfmarker} it 's {disfmarker} it 's uh {disfmarker}Postdoc E: What 's an example of a {disfmarker} of m some of the other differences ? Any other adifference ?Professor F: Well i i individual human glottis {vocalsound} is going to be different for each one ,Postdoc E: OK .Professor F: you know , it 's just {disfmarker} There 's so many things .Grad D: Well , and notjust that ,Postdoc E: OK .Professor F: it 's {disfmarker} it {disfmarker} and {disfmarker} and enunciation .Grad D: I mean the uh the corpus itself . I mean , we 're collecting it in a read digit in a particular list , and I 'msure that they 're doing more specific stuff . I mean if I remember correctly it was like postman reading zipcodes and things like that .Professor F: TI - digits was ?Grad D: I thought so .Professor F: I thought{disfmarker} I thought it was read .Grad D: Was it read ?Professor F: Yeah , I think the reading zipcode stuff you 're thinking of would be OGI .Grad D: Oh , I may well be .Professor F: Yeah , no TI - digits was read inth in read in the studio I believe .Grad D: I haven't ever listened to TI - digits . So I don't really know how it compares .Professor F: Yeah . Yeah .Grad D: But {disfmarker} but regardless it 's gonna {disfmarker} it 'shard to compare cross - corpus .Professor F: But it {disfmarker} but {disfmarker} It - it 's different people {pause} is the {disfmarker} is the core thing .Grad D: So .Postdoc E: OK , fine .Professor F: And they 'redifferent circumstances with different recording environment and so forth , so it 's {disfmarker} it 's {disfmarker} it 's really pretty different . But I think the idea of using a set thing was just to give you some sort offramework , so that even though you couldn't do exact comparisons , it wouldn't be s valid scientifically at least it 'd give you some kind of uh frame of reference . Uh , you know it 's not {disfmarker}PhD B: Hey Liz ,What {disfmarker} what do the groupings represent ?Postdoc E: OK .PhD B: You said there 's like ten different groupings ?PhD G: Right , just groupings in terms of number of groups in a line , and number of digits in agroup , and the pattern of groupings .PhD B: Mm - hmm . Are the patterns {disfmarker} like are they based on anything orPhD G: Um , I {disfmarker} I just roughly looked at what kinds of digit strings are out there ,and they 're usually grouped into either two , three , or four , four digits at a time .PhD B: Oh .PhD G: And they can have , I mean , actually , things are getting longer and longer . In the old days you probably only hadthree sequences , and telephone numbers were less , and so forth . So , there 's between , um {disfmarker} Well if you look at it , there are between like three and five groups , and each one has between two and fourgroupings and {disfmarker} I purposely didn't want them to look like they were in any kind of pattern .PhD B: Mmm .PhD G: SoGrad D: And which group appears is picked randomly , and what the numbers are arepicked randomly .PhD B: Mm - hmm .Grad D: So unlike the previous one , which I d simply replicated TI - digits , this is generated randomly .PhD G: Right .PhD A: Oh OK .PhD B: Mmm , oh , OK .PhD G: But I think it 'dbe great i to be able to compare digits , whether it 's these digits or TI - digits , to speakers , um , and compare that to their spontaneous speech , and then we do need you know a fair amount of {disfmarker} of digitdata because you might be wearing a different microphoneGrad D: Mm - hmm .PhD G: and , I mean {disfmarker} so it 's {disfmarker} it 's nice to have the digits you know , replicated many times . Especially forspeakers that don't talk a lot .Grad D: Yeah .PhD G: So {vocalsound} um , for adaptation . No , I 'm serious ,PhD A: Yeah .Grad D: Yeah all we have for some people is digits .Professor F: Yeah .PhD G: so we have aproblem with acoustic adaptation , and we 're not using the digit data now , but you know {disfmarker}Grad D: Oh , you 're not .PhD G: Not for adaptation , nope . v W we 're not {disfmarker} we were runningadaptation only on the data that we ran recognition on and I 'd {disfmarker} As soon as someone started to read transcript number , that 's read speech and I thought " well , we 're gonna do better on that ,Grad D: OhI see .PhD G: that 's not fair to use " .Grad D: Oh yeah that 's true , absolutely .PhD A: OK .PhD G: But , it might be fair to use the data for adaptation , so . So those speakers who are very quiet , {comment} shy{disfmarker}Grad D: That would be interesting to see whether that helps .PhD G: r Right {disfmarker}PhD B: Like Adam ?Grad D: Do you think that would help adapting on {disfmarker} Yeah . Yeah , I have a realproblem with that .Professor F: Yeah .PhD G: Well , it sh I mean it 's the same micropho see the nice thing is we have that in the {disfmarker} in the same meeting ,Grad D: Right . Same {disfmarker} same acoustics,Professor F: Yeah .PhD G: and so you don't get {disfmarker}Grad D: same microphone ,PhD A: Yeah .Grad D: same channel .PhD G: Right , and so I still like the idea of having some kind of {pause} digit data .Grad D:OK . Good .Professor F: Yeah I mean , for the {disfmarker} for the um acoustic research , for the signal - processing , farfield stuff , I see it as {disfmarker} as {disfmarker} as the place that we start . But , th I mean ,it 'd be nice to have twenty hours of digits data , but {disfmarker} but uh the truth is I 'm hoping that we {disfmarker} we through the {disfmarker} the stuff that {disfmarker} that you guys have been doing as youcontinue that , we get , uh , the best we can do on the spontaneous stuff uh , uh nearfield , and then um , we do a lot of the testing of the algorithms on the digits for the farfield , and at some point when we feel it 'smature and we understand what 's going on with it then we {disfmarker} we have to move on to the spontaneous data with the farfield . So .Postdoc E: Great .PhD G: The only thing that we don't have , I know thissounds weird , and maybe it 's completely stupid , but we don't have any overlapping digits .Grad D: Yeah , we talked about that a couple times .PhD G: An - yea I know it 's weird , but um {disfmarker}PhD A:Overlapping digits !Grad D: The {disfmarker} the problem I see with trying to do overlapping digits is the cognitive load .PhD G: Alright everybody 's laughing . OK .Grad C: Dueling digits .Grad D: No it 's {disfmarker}it 's not stupid , it 's just {disfmarker} I mean , try to do it .PhD G: I 'm just talkin for the stuff that like Dan Ellis is gonna try ,Grad D: I mean , here , let 's try it .PhD G: you know , cross - talk cancellation .Grad D: Youread the last line , I 'll read the first line .Professor F: Let 's try it .PhD G: OK .PhD A: Oh !PhD G: Wait {disfmarker} oh it {disfmarker} these are all the same forms .Professor F: Sixty - one .PhD G: OK {comment} Sobut {disfmarker}Grad D: So {disfmarker} so you read the last line , I 'll read the first line .Professor F: No , I 'll pPhD G: So you plu you plug your ears .Grad D: Oh I guess if you plug you 're ears you could do it , butthen you don't get the {disfmarker} the same effects .PhD A: Yeah .PhD G: Well , what I mean is actually no not the overlaps that are well - governed linguistically , but the actual fact that there is speech coming fromtwo peopleGrad D: Yeah .PhD G: and the beam - forming stuf all the acoustic stuff that like Dan Ellis and {disfmarker} and company want to do .Grad D: Oh I see .PhD G: Digits are nice and well behaved , I meanGradD: I guess we could try .PhD G: Anyway , it 's just a thought .Grad D: We could try doing some .PhD G: It {disfmarker} it would go faster .PhD B: Parallel .PhD G: It would take one around {comment} amount of tiPhDB: It 's the P - make of digit reading .Grad D: Well {disfmarker} Well OK . Well let 's try it .PhD G: That 's right . I {disfmarker} I mea I 'm {disfmarker} I was sort of serious , but I really , I mean , I 'm {disfmarker} Idon't feel strongly enough that it 's a good idea ,Professor F: See , yGrad D: You do the last line , I 'll do the first line .PhD G: so .Professor F: OK .Grad D: O . {comment} That 's not bad .Professor F: No , I can do it.PhD B: I couldn't understand a single thing you guys were saying .PhD G: A and that prosody was great , by the way .Postdoc E: I think it was numbers , but I 'm not sure .PhD G: It {disfmarker} it sort of sounded likea duet , or something .PhD A: Yeah .PhD B: Performance art .Professor F: Alright , let 's try three at once you {disfmarker} you pick one in the middle .PhD A: The Aurora theater .PhD G: OK .Professor F: Go .PhD G: I'm sorry . I 'm mean I think it 's doable ,Grad D: The poor transcribersPhD G: I 'm just {disfmarker}Grad D: they 're gonna hate us .PhD G: So , we {disfmarker} we could have a round like where you do two at a time ,