User Interface: .. .Project Manager: Okay . So , this is uh first meeting of this design project . Um and I um like to show you the agenda for the meeting , I don't know if it was sent round to all of you .User Interface:Mm , yeah .Project Manager: Maybe not . Anyway ,User Interface: I didn't receive it yet {vocalsound} .Project Manager: this is the the plan for today's meeting is um firstly just to introduce the project briefly , umalthough I'm sure you've actually got some of the information already . Then the main purpose is to {disfmarker} so that we get to know each other a little bit more .Industrial Designer: Mm-hmm .Project Manager: Umthen we want to practice using some of the tools that we'll be using during the the course of the design project and the meetings , um specifically the whiteboard over there . Um then we need to go through the specificsof our project plan um and discuss {disfmarker} come up with some preliminary ideas about it . And then that's it . So we've got twenty five minutes to do that , that's until eleven twenty five .Industrial Designer:{vocalsound} {gap} so shProject Manager: S so any any questions ?Industrial Designer: {gap} {vocalsound} {gap} .Project Manager: Is i {gap} not at this point .User Interface: Not at this point .Project Manager: Sothis is our project . What we're aiming to do is to create a new remote control for a television . Um we want it to be something original , something trendy and also something user friendly , so it has to be quite intuitivethat people are able to use this product . The method that we're going to use to complete the project , that has three components as such . There's the functional design of the the remote control . We're going{disfmarker} the way we'll do that I think is to to work individually initially and then come together for meetings to to work on that . Um similarly with the conceptual design , we'll start off by working individually withour own expertise on our own laptops and then we'll bring what we've done together . Um and then the detailed design will come after that . We'll pull it all together .Industrial Designer: I'm a bit confused about uhwhat's the difference between the functional design and conceptual design ? Uh i is it just uh more detail , uh as I understand it ?Project Manager: I think it {disfmarker} th w we're talking the the functional design ismore your um area of things where you'll be {disfmarker} we want to look at what functions we need in the remote controlIndustrial Designer: Right .Project Manager: and what what specific things it it has todoIndustrial Designer: {gap}Project Manager: but the conceptual design is um perhaps bigger than that and includes the {disfmarker} how people are going to use it and and that kind of thing .Industrial Designer: Howhow it will be done . So whe where do we identify the components of our uh product ? Uh I think it's it's in the conceptual design phase that we identify the {disfmarker} it's in the conceptual design phase that weidentify the components of our product ?Project Manager: Um I think we'll we'll start that initially with the functional design already but thenIndustrial Designer: Okay .Project Manager: {disfmarker} yeah . Okay , sothat's just a brief overview of the p the the project itself . Um what I'd like us to do now is simultaneously introduce ourselves and start using some of the tools that we're using for {vocalsound} for the project ,specifically the whiteboard .Industrial Designer: Hmm .Project Manager: So each person in turn , I'd like us to go up to the whiteboard , the pen's just underneath it there and draw your favourite animal and then telleveryone what the f your favourite characteristics of that animal are and while you're doing that tell us your name , what your role is and perhaps how your animal relates to the role that you're taking in this project .{vocalsound}Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Marketing: Why are you looking at me ?User Interface: {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound}Project Manager: Would you like to go first ? {vocalsound}Marketing:{vocalsound} Do I have a choice ? {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Marketing: Okay . Ooh ooh , things falling everywhere .Project Manager: Oh , yeah ,Marketing: Right , okay .Project Manager: p putthem in pockets .Marketing: Cool . Okay .Project Manager: You don't have to hurry , we've got plenty of time .Marketing: So , my name's Cat and I'm really not very good at this whole drawing malarkeyIndustrialDesigner: {vocalsound}Project Manager: {vocalsound}Marketing: so um {disfmarker}User Interface: {vocalsound}Marketing: Okay .User Interface: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Project Manager: It'sgot no eyes .Marketing: Oh , good point . Ah , the eyes always ruin it . Right . Okay , what do {gap} it's eyes like ? Okay , cool . Um this is a rabbit . {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Project Manager:{vocalsound} I thought it might be a cat . {vocalsound}User Interface: {vocalsound} Yeah well origi uh at first I thought it was going to be cat . {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Project Manager:{vocalsound}Marketing: Yeah , I don't think it's furry enough , so we'll make it a fluffy rabbit .User Interface: Yeah now I now I understand now , yeah . {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Project Manager:{vocalsound} Yeah I can see by the ears .User Interface: Yeah .Marketing: Okay , right , it's a fluffy rabbit , blue .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Marketing: Rabbits don't come in blue but you know .IndustrialDesigner: {vocalsound}Marketing: Um okay and I like it because it's small {vocalsound} and it's fluffy .Project Manager: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: {gap}Project Manager: Mm .Industrial Designer:{vocalsound}User Interface: {vocalsound}Marketing: And one day you'll be able to getical genetically modify them and they will come in pink .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Project Manager: {vocalsound}UserInterface: Ah . {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound} Okay ?Industrial Designer: Mm .Project Manager: Excellent , and what's your what's your role within the team ?Marketing: I am the um {disfmarker} I need mynotebook , mm ooh {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Marketing: top banana . Thank you . Okay , cool , I am the Marketing Expert {vocalsound} um so like I'm gonna be doing the {disfmarker}apparently according to the little guy in the computer that knows everything {disfmarker} the user g requirements specification of the functional design , um trend watching in the conceptual design and productevad-valuation in the detailed design {vocalsound}Project Manager: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: Mm-hmm . Okay .Project Manager: Mm-hmm .Marketing: um so yeah .Industrial Designer: 'Kay .Project Manager:And more about yourself , you're from ?Marketing: Um I'm from Leicester ,Project Manager: Mm-hmm .Marketing: um second year . Um what else do you want to know ?Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Marketing: Ilike sports {vocalsound} um yeah , aerobics , kickboxing , spinningProject Manager: {vocalsound}Marketing: um {vocalsound} and uh {disfmarker}Project Manager: But not with rabbits . {vocalsound}Marketing: notwith rabbits , no no .Industrial Designer: Mm .Marketing: And vets , I like vets as well .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound} And yeah um and I like cocktails , especially pink ones .IndustrialDesigner: {vocalsound} Cool .Marketing: Okay ? Cool . {vocalsound}Project Manager: Excellent , to match the rabbit . {vocalsound}User Interface: {vocalsound} {vocalsound} Okay . Um so my name is Maarika .Where's the pen ? Okay .Project Manager: There's a {disfmarker} an {disfmarker} if you have not enough room there's an eraser there and you can rub it off .User Interface: Yeah , well , or I can make it smaller .{vocalsound} Uh so um um I'm the Interface Designer in this project and my favourite animal , I m I mean I'm not so sure because I'm not so so very um {vocalsound} familiar with all kinds of animals , but I do likedogs .Project Manager: {vocalsound}User Interface: Oh , sorry , maybe I should have {disfmarker} shouldn't have said it beforehand butIndustrial Designer: Mm .User Interface: mm {vocalsound} hmm .ProjectManager: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound}User Interface: Um well , there are different kinds of dogs , but okay um .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}User Interface:{vocalsound} {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} That's not bad at all .Project Manager: Ah it looks like a dog .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} Yep .Marketing: Is a bit more impressive than my rabbit.User Interface: Okay .Marketing: I think it needs four legs if it's gonna walk though .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}User Interface: Yeah , maybe it has some colourful patches , yeah .Marketing:{vocalsound}Project Manager: {vocalsound} {gap} the other legs are on the other side .User Interface: Um yeah and I do like dogs because they are good friends to people and they are loyal . Mm , well that'scompared to some other animals like cats . Um they're really much more fun because they are not so independent .Project Manager: {vocalsound}User Interface: Um yeah maybe maybe the fact that they protect theirhome as well , yeah . Um what it has to do with with my role in the project is hard to say .Project Manager: {vocalsound}User Interface: Uh I hope to be loyal to the projectIndustrial Designer: {vocalsound}Marketing:{vocalsound}User Interface: and not to n not to um let people doing similar projects know the details of our project or something , {vocalsound} yeah .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Project Manager: And wherewhere are you from ?User Interface: I'm from EstoniaProject Manager: Estonia .User Interface: uh , yep . Um so is there anything else you'd like to know ? Oh , right , my roles ,Industrial Designer: {gap} .UserInterface: um so um in the different um {vocalsound} stages of the design , so at first I will be responsible for um for {vocalsound} yeah , designing the technical functions of the um {vocalsound} um of the remotecontrol uh then in the in the conceptual design stage I need to um come up with uh interface concept and then in the last um stage I will be responsible for the int infa for the user interface design .Industrial Designer:{gap} .User Interface: {vocalsound} Okay , that's it . {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: Thank you . Okay {vocalsound} um {vocalsound} I'll do some {disfmarker} I'll rub the featuresProject Manager:{vocalsound}Industrial Designer: and let the drawing stay . {vocalsound} 'Kay um my name is Gaurav . Um {vocalsound} my favourite animal {disfmarker} one of my favourite animals is a cow . I've got no idea howto draw a cow .Marketing: {vocalsound}Project Manager: {vocalsound} Good luck .User Interface: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} Uh this is going to be {disfmarker}Marketing: They're not just like abig round body and then some really skinny legsIndustrial Designer: Yeah , that'll do .Marketing: and then just some horns .Industrial Designer: Okay , so let let me draw the body first .Marketing: {vocalsound}ProjectManager: Mm .Industrial Designer: Big , round body , really skinny legs {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound}Project Manager: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: and they've got a long tailMarketing:{vocalsound}Industrial Designer: and a long face . {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound}Project Manager: {vocalsound} It's eating .User Interface: {vocalsound}Marketing: It looks like Eeyore .{vocalsound}Industrial Designer: And there is some grass there .Marketing: {vocalsound}Project Manager: Yeah . {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} {vocalsound} So this is what I like about{vocalsound} cows {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound} Horns ,Project Manager: {vocalsound}User Interface: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: that they just keeps sitting there eating grass ,Marketing: draw somehorns . {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: they do not disturb anybody umMarketing: {vocalsound}Project Manager: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: they're kind of Buddhist in a way . {vocalsound}Project Manager:{vocalsound}Industrial Designer: So yeah , I like cows . {vocalsound} Um {vocalsound} my my role in the project is um uh the industrial designer , so I'm supposed to design all the details of of the product um ho howit works and whatever it'll mm take during the functional role , what are the various functions that have to be performed by it uh during the um conceptual design , what are the various components of it and um finally ,I'm not too sure what was the last part . Um the detailed design , I I guess it will again be the identification of the components and how they integrate with each other . Um I'm from India . Uh I'm doing my P_H_D_ inPsycholinguistics , I sit at the Department of Psychology . {vocalsound} Yeah . Thank you .Project Manager: Excellent .User Interface: {vocalsound} Thanks .Project Manager: Right , now now it's my turn obviously .{vocalsound}Industrial Designer: That doesn't look like a cow , does it ? {vocalsound}Project Manager: Okay , here's a space .Marketing: {vocalsound}User Interface: {vocalsound} It looks very very cute .ProjectManager: Yeah , I like the cow .Industrial Designer: {gap}Project Manager: I'm Jen .User Interface: Yeah . Mm-hmm .Project Manager: Um I like dogs too , but I can't do that already because I can't draw a dog as wellas you can .User Interface: {vocalsound}Project Manager: I like {disfmarker} Mm .Marketing: Is that a lizard ?Industrial Designer: No way . {vocalsound}User Interface: {vocalsound}Project Manager: Hmm .UserInterface: Wow .Project Manager: It's a gecko .Industrial Designer: Ah okay .User Interface: Ah , a gecko , okay .Project Manager: Yeah .Marketing: Is there a difference ?User Interface: Is {disfmarker} a ar are theyalso like lizards or are they {disfmarker}Project Manager: They're {disfmarker} Yeah , they're l it's a kind of lizard .User Interface: yeah , they areProject Manager: And I I like geckosUser Interface: {disfmarker}mm-hmm .Project Manager: because they remind me of warm places {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: Uh-huh .Project Manager: and , and where I was living in Cambodia they used to live in my houseUser Interface:Ah . {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound}Project Manager: and they were on the ceiling and they would make little gecko noises in the evening .User Interface: Mm-hmm .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}UserInterface: I hope you don't like snakes , do you ?Project Manager: I don't like snakes . I come from AustraliaUser Interface: Okay . {vocalsound}Project Manager: and we have nasty snakes . That's where I'm from ,Australia .User Interface: Mm-hmm .Project Manager: I'm from Melbourne and I'm your Project Manager for todayIndustrial Designer: Mm .Project Manager: and my role is basically to keep things going and make surethat you all work together in a productive way , so that by the end of the day we come up with a great product .User Interface: Wonderful .Project Manager: {vocalsound} Okay .Industrial Designer: Thank you .ProjectManager: {vocalsound} So , let's see what's next in the PowerPoint presentation . So , I've just thought {disfmarker}Marketing: If you right click on it you can {disfmarker}Project Manager: yeah I've just thoughtabout this that we could even put it much more professionally {vocalsound} as {disfmarker}Marketing: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: Mm-hmm .User Interface: {vocalsound}Project Manager: there we go . Okay ,so this is the um overall budget for our project . We've got {disfmarker} um we're planning to sell these remote controls for {disfmarker} let's make that go away , that means we've got five minutes . Um we'replanning to sell the remote controls for twenty five Euros each . Um and with that we're aiming for a profit of fifty million Euros . And that's selling them on the international market , not just in the U_K_ . Um so to dothat our finance people estimate that we need production costs of maximum twelve and a half Euro so that we can reach that profit target . So that's something to keep in mind while you're designing . Okay . Hmm .This is {disfmarker} let me just skip ahead to see {disfmarker} that's the last thing , okay . We've only got a couple of minutes . Does anyone have any first ideas to bounce around about um what we're thinking of thisremote control ?User Interface: Yep . I'm just wondering whether whether there is like any special feature that we want to have {disfmarker} w want this remote control have as opposed to the already existing ones.Project Manager: Mm-hmm . I think that's probably something that w it's best if we take away with us ,Industrial Designer: Mm-hmm .Project Manager: but if we all have a think , when we go away from the meeting ,what specific things could be um included in this remote control that that {vocalsound} are out of the ordinary .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} I think uh i in the beginning uh one thing was {disfmarker} that wasmentioned was that it should be mm trendy , user friendly and original so um I think your point is relevant as far as the originality is concerned , that we should provide some features that are quite unique to this.Project Manager: Something something new .Marketing: Yeah , I was looking at the website ,Industrial Designer: Mm .Marketing: and the other things that they've made and I like put down some like inspirationalwords like that I got from looking at the pictures . So the motto is um we put the fashion in electronicsProject Manager: Mm-hmm .Marketing: and um so it's something that is sleek and stylish but it's still functional ,you know ?Project Manager: Mm-hmm .Marketing: So I'm kind of thinking , you know like those phones that they have , the new generation ones , where they don't actually have any buttons on them and stuff like that.Industrial Designer: Alright .Project Manager: Uh-huh .Marketing: You know , so something heading towards that , so it's not overly {disfmarker} I mean I don't know what h most of the buttons do on my remotecontrols , so I figure how many do you need , you know ?Project Manager: Mm-hmm .Industrial Designer: Mm .Marketing: Okay .Project Manager: So perhaps some sort of menu-based thing , or {disfmarker}IndustrialDesigner: {vocalsound}Marketing: Something that's a little less crowded than this , like I mean you know , theoretically you can do all kinds of things with your T_V_ , right ?Project Manager: Mm-hmm .Marketing: Butwhat do most people do ?Project Manager: Yeah .Marketing: They turn it on , they watch certain specified channels , you know , and then they turn it off again .Industrial Designer: Yeah .Project Manager: {vocalsound}Yeah .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} There is a lot of functionality in there that is not used ninety percent of the time ,Marketing: Sometimes they play a movie .Industrial Designer: but will be used ten percent ofthe time , yeah .Marketing: Yeah , soProject Manager: Yeah .Marketing: there's no need to have buttons on it to do that ,Project Manager: So , no .Marketing: maybe to do {disfmarker}Industrial Designer: Yep .ProjectManager: It could be one button for a menu or something , if you really need to go and do that .Marketing: Yeah .Industrial Designer: And then use the {disfmarker}User Interface: Mm-hmm .Marketing: So , if you'rethe kind of sad case that knows how your remote control works , then you know that's fineProject Manager: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: Mm .Marketing: and you can do it on the screen rather than everybody elsehaving to have those buttons , which just confuse them . {vocalsound}Project Manager: Mm-hmm .Marketing: Hmm .Project Manager: Excellent .Marketing: 'Cause like if you look at the train , it's just very like , there'sno extra bits on it , the train on the website and I dunno if you can put it up on the thingProject Manager: Oh I haven't had a look yet , yep .Marketing: um but it is just like a long like thing used for mu moving people ,but it looks really pretty too .Project Manager: Mm-hmm .Industrial Designer: {gap}Project Manager: Great . Any other immediate thoughts before we move along ?Industrial Designer: Mm . {vocalsound} Uh we canaim for {disfmarker} I mean we can think about all these little things , but we can aim for something wi that gives a high battery life , although I don't think that um it's a huge problem for remote controls anyway ,battery life ,Project Manager: Mm-hmm .Industrial Designer: uh every now and then you need to replace the batteries . Um {disfmarker}Project Manager: Yeah .Industrial Designer: Hmm .User Interface: Yeah but uh Imean e even though it has to be re original we shouldn't uh go like too far away from from the usual ones , because otherwise the new users will just have a lot of problemsIndustrial Designer: Yeah . A big learning


PhD F: OK .Professor B: Uh . Somebody else should run this . I 'm sick of being the one to sort of go through and say , " Well , what do you think about this ? " You wanna {disfmarker} ?PhD D: Yeah .PhD F: Should wetake turns ? You want me to run it today ?Professor B: Yeah . Why don't you run it today ? OK .PhD F: OK . OK . Um . Let 's see , maybe we should just get a list of items {disfmarker} things that we should talk about .Um , I guess there 's the usual {pause} updates , everybody going around and saying , uh , you know , what they 're working on , the things that happened the last week . But aside from that is there anything inparticular that anybody wants to bring upPhD D: Mmm .PhD F: for today ? No ? OK . So why don't we just around and people can give updates .PhD E: Oh .PhD F: Uh , do you want to start , Stephane ?PhD C: Alright .Um . Well , the first thing maybe is that the p Eurospeech paper is , uh , accepted . Um . Yeah .PhD F: This is {disfmarker} what {disfmarker} what do you , uh {disfmarker} what 's in the paper there ?PhD C: So it 'sthe paper that describe basically the , um , system that were proposed for the {pause} Aurora .PhD F: The one that we s we submitted the last round ?PhD C: Right , yeah .PhD D: Yeah .PhD F: Uh - huh .PhD C: Um{disfmarker} Yeah . So and the , fff {comment} comments seems {disfmarker} from the reviewer are good . So .PhD F: Hmm .PhD C: Mmm {disfmarker} Yeah .PhD F: Where {disfmarker} where 's it gonna be thisyear ?PhD C: It 's , uh , Aalborg in Denmark . And it 's ,PhD F: Oh , OK .PhD C: yeah , September .PhD F: Mmm .PhD C: Mmm {disfmarker} Yeah . Then , uh , whhh well , I 've been working on {disfmarker} on t mainlyon on - line normalization this week . Uh , I 've been trying different {disfmarker} slightly {disfmarker} slightly different approaches . Um , the first thing is trying to play a little bit again with the , um , time constant .Uh , second thing is , uh , the training of , uh , on - line normalization with two different means , one mean for the silence and one for the speech . Um , and so I have two recursions which are controlled by the , um ,probability of the voice activity detector . Mmm . This actually don't s doesn't seem to help , although it doesn't hurt . So . But {disfmarker} well , both {pause} on - line normalization approach seems equivalent . Well ,they {disfmarker}PhD F: Are the means pretty different {pause} for the two ?PhD C: Yeah . They can be very different . Yeah . Mm - hmm .PhD F: Hmm .Professor B: So do you maybe make errors in different places ?Different kinds of errors ?PhD C: I didn't look , uh , more closely . Um . It might be , yeah . Mm - hmm . Um . Well , eh , there is one thing that we can observe , is that the mean are more different for {disfmarker} forC - zero and C - one than for the other coefficients . And {disfmarker} Yeah . And {disfmarker} Yeah , it {disfmarker} the C - one is {disfmarker} There are strange {disfmarker} strange thing happening with C - one ,is that when you have different kind of noises , the mean for the {disfmarker} the silence portion is {disfmarker} can be different . And {disfmarker}PhD F: Hmm .PhD C: So when you look at the trajectory of C - one ,it 's {disfmarker} has a strange shape and I was expecting th the s that these two mean helps , especially because of the {disfmarker} the strange C - ze C - one shape , uh , which can {disfmarker} like , yo you canhave , um , a trajectory for the speech and then when you are in the silence it goes somewhere , but if the noise is different it goes somewhere else .PhD F: Oh .PhD C: So which would mean that if we estimate themean based on all the signal , even though we have frame dropping , but we don't frame ev uh , drop everything , but {disfmarker} uh , this can {disfmarker} hurts the estimation of the mean for speech , and{disfmarker} Mmm . {comment} But I still have to investigate further , I think . Um , a third thing is , um , {vocalsound} that instead of t having a fixed time constant , I try to have a time constant that 's smaller atthe beginning of the utterances to adapt more quickly to the r something that 's closer to the right mean . T t um {disfmarker} Yeah . And then this time constant increases and I have a threshold that{disfmarker}Professor B: Mm - hmm .PhD C: well , if it 's higher than a certain threshold , I keep it to this threshold to still , uh , adapt , um , the mean when {disfmarker} {vocalsound} if the utterance is , uh , longenough to {disfmarker} to continue to adapt after , like , one secondProfessor B: Mm - hmm . Mm - hmm .PhD C: or {disfmarker} Mmm . Uh , well , this doesn't help neither , but this doesn't hurt . So , well . It seemspretty {disfmarker}PhD F: Wasn't there some experiment you were gonna try where you did something differently for each , um , {vocalsound} uh {disfmarker} I don't know whether it was each mel band or each , uh, um , FFT bin or someth There was something you were gonna {disfmarker} uh , {comment} some parameter you were gonna vary depending on the frequency . I don't know if that was {disfmarker}PhD C: I guess itwas {disfmarker} I don't know . No . u Maybe it 's this {disfmarker} this idea of having different {pause} on - line normalization , um , tunings for the different MFCC 's .PhD F: For each , uh {disfmarker}Professor B:Mm - hmm .PhD C: But {disfmarker} Mm - hmm .PhD F: Yeah . I {disfmarker} I thought , Morgan , you brought it up a couple meetings ago . And then it was something about , uh , some and then somebody said "yeah , it does seem like , you know , C - zero is the one that 's , you know , the major one " or , uh , s I can't remember exactly what it was now .PhD C: Mmm . Yeah . There {disfmarker} uh , actually , yeah . S um , it's very important to normalize C - zero and {pause} much less to normalize the other coefficients . And , um , actu uh , well , at least with the current on - line normalization scheme . And we {disfmarker} I think , we{vocalsound} kind of know that normalizing C - one doesn't help with the current scheme . And {disfmarker} and {disfmarker} Yeah . In my idea , I {disfmarker} I was thinking that the {disfmarker} the {disfmarker}the reason is maybe because of these funny things that happen between speech and silence which have different means . Um {disfmarker} Yeah . But maybe it 's not so {disfmarker} {vocalsound} so easy to{disfmarker}Professor B: Um , I I really would like to suggest looking , um , a little bit at the kinds of errors . I know you can get lost in that and go forever and not see too much , but {disfmarker} {vocalsound}sometimes ,PhD C: Mm - hmm .Professor B: but {disfmarker} but , um , just seeing that each of these things didn't make things better may not be enough . It may be that they 're making them better in some waysand worse in others ,PhD C: Yeah . Mm - hmm .Professor B: or increasing insertions and decreasing deletions , or {disfmarker} or , um , um , you know , helping with noisy case but hurting in quiet case . And if yousaw that then maybe you {disfmarker} it would {disfmarker} {vocalsound} something would occur to you of how to deal with that .PhD C: Mm - hmm . Mm - hmm .PhD D: Hmm .PhD C: Alright . Mmm . Yeah . W um ,So that 's it , I think , for the on - line normalization . Um {disfmarker} Yeah . I 've been playing a little bit with some kind of thresholding , and , mmm , as a first experiment , I think I Yeah . Well , what I did is t is totake , um {disfmarker} {vocalsound} to measure the average {disfmarker} no , the maximum energy of s each utterance and then put a threshold {disfmarker} Well , this for each mel band . Then put a threshold that's fifteen DB below {disfmarker} well , uh , a couple of DB below this maximum ,Professor B: Mm - hmm . Mmm .PhD C: and {disfmarker} Actually it was not a threshold , it was just adding noise .Professor B: Mm -hmm .PhD C: So I was adding a white noise energy , uh , that 's fifteen DB below the maximum energy of the utterance . And {disfmarker} Yeah . When we look at {disfmarker} at the , um , MFCC that result from this, they are {pause} a lot more smoother . Um , when we compare , like , a channel zero and channel one utterance {disfmarker} um , so a clean and , uh , the same noisy utterance {disfmarker} well , there is almostno difference between the cepstral coefficients of the two .PhD F: Hmm .PhD C: Um . And {disfmarker} Yeah . And the result that we have in term of speech recognition , actually it 's not {disfmarker} it 's not worse , it's not better neither , but it 's , um , kind of surprising that it 's not worsePhD F: Hmm .PhD C: because basically you add noise that 's fifteen DB {disfmarker} just fifteen DB below {pause} the maximum energy .GradA: Sorry .PhD C: And at least {disfmarker}PhD F: So why does that m {pause} smooth things out ? I don't {disfmarker} I don't understand that .Professor B: Well , there 's less difference . Right ?PhD C: It 's{disfmarker} I think , it 's whitening {disfmarker} This {disfmarker} the portion that are more silent ,Professor B: Cuz it 's {disfmarker}PhD C: as you add a white noise that are {disfmarker} has a very high energy , itwhitens everythingPhD F: Huh . Oh , OK .PhD C: and {disfmarker} and the high - energy portion of the speech don't get much affected anyway by the other noise . And as the noise you add is the same is {disfmarker}{pause} the shape , it 's also the same .PhD F: Hmm .Professor B: Yeah .PhD C: So they have {disfmarker} the trajectory are very , very similar . And {disfmarker} and {disfmarker}Professor B: So , I mean , again , ifyou trained in one kind of noise and tested in the same kind of noise , you 'd {disfmarker} you know , given enough training data you don't do b do badly . The reason that we d that we have the problems we have isbecause {pause} it 's different in training and test . Even if {vocalsound} the general kind is the same , the exact instances are different . And {disfmarker} andPhD F: Mm - hmm .Professor B: so when you whiten it ,then it 's like you {disfmarker} the {disfmarker} the only noise {disfmarker} to {disfmarker} to first order , the only th noise that you have is white noise and you 've added the same thing to training and test .PhD F:Mm - hmm .Professor B: So it 's ,PhD F: Hmm .Professor B: uh {disfmarker}PhD F: So would that {pause} be similar to , like , doing the smoothing , then , over time or {disfmarker} ?PhD C: Mm - hmm .Professor B:Well , it 's a kind of smoothing ,PhD C: I think it 's {disfmarker} I think it 's different .Professor B: but {disfmarker}PhD C: It 's {disfmarker} it 's something that {disfmarker} yeah , that affects more or less the silenceportions because {disfmarker}PhD F: Mm - hmm .PhD C: Well , anyway , the sp the portion of speech that ha have high energy are not ch a lot affected by the noises in the Aurora database .Professor B: Mm - hmm.PhD C: If {disfmarker} if you compare th the two shut channels of SpeechDat - Car during speech portion , it 's n n n the MFCC are not very different . They are very different when energy 's lower , like duringfricatives or during speech pauses . And ,Professor B: Yeah , but you 're still getting more recognition errors ,PhD C: uh {disfmarker}Professor B: which means {vocalsound} that the differences , even though they looklike they 're not so big , {vocalsound} are {disfmarker} are hurting your recognition .PhD C: YeProfessor B: Right ?PhD C: Yeah . So it distort {vocalsound} the speech . Right .Professor B: Yeah .PhD C: Um .PhD F: Soperformance went down ?PhD C: No . It didn't . But {disfmarker}PhD F: Oh .PhD C: Yeah . So , but in this case I {disfmarker} I really expect that maybe the {disfmarker} the two {disfmarker} these two stream offeatures , they are very different . I mean , and maybe we could gain something by combining themProfessor B: Well , the other thing is that you just picked one particular way of doing it .PhD C: or{disfmarker}Professor B: Uh , I mean , first place it 's fifteen DB , uh , {vocalsound} down across the utterance . And {vocalsound} maybe you 'd want to have something that was a little more adaptive . Secondly , youhappened to pick fifteen DBPhD C: Mmm .Professor B: and maybe twenty 'd be better ,PhD C: Yeah .Professor B: or {disfmarker} or twelve .PhD C: Yeah . Right .PhD F: So what was the {disfmarker} what was thethreshold part of it ? Was the threshold , uh , how far down {disfmarker} ?Professor B: Yeah . Well , he {disfmarker} yeah , he had to figure out how much to add . So he was looking {disfmarker} he was looking at thepeak value .PhD F: Uh - huh .Professor B: Right ? And then {disfmarker}PhD C: Uh - huh .PhD F: And {disfmarker} and so what 's {disfmarker} ho I don't understand . How does it go ? If it {disfmarker} if{disfmarker} if the peak value 's above some threshold , then you add the noise ? Or if it 's below sPhD C: I systematically {comment} add the noise , but the , um , noise level is just {pause} some kind of thresholdbelow the peak .PhD F: Oh , oh . I see .PhD C: Mmm .PhD F: I see .Professor B: Yeah .PhD C: Um . Yeah . Which is not really noise , actually . It 's just adding a constant to each of the mel , uh , energy .PhD F: Mm -hmm .PhD C: To each of the {pause} mel filter bank . Yeah .PhD F: I see .PhD C: So , yeah , it 's really , uh , white noise . I thProfessor B: Yeah .PhD F: Mm - hmm .Professor B: So then afterwards a log is taken , andthat 's so sort of why the {disfmarker} {vocalsound} the little variation tends to go away .PhD C: Mm - hmm . Um . Yeah . So may Well , the {disfmarker} this threshold is still a factor that we have to look at . And Idon't know , maybe a constant noise addition would {disfmarker} {vocalsound} would be fine also , or {disfmarker} Um {disfmarker}Professor B: Or {disfmarker} or not constant but {disfmarker} but , uh , varyingover time {pause} in fact is another way {pause} to go .PhD C: Mm - hmm . Mm - hmm .Professor B: Um .PhD C: Yeah . Um {disfmarker}Professor B: Were you using the {disfmarker} the normalization in addition tothis ? I mean , what was the rest of the system ?PhD C: Um {disfmarker} Yeah . It was {disfmarker} it was , uh , the same system . Mm - hmm .Professor B: OK .PhD C: It was the same system . Mmm . Oh , yeah . Athird thing is that , um , {vocalsound} I play a little bit with the , um {disfmarker} {vocalsound} finding what was different between , um , And there were a couple of differences , like the LDA filters were not the same. Um , he had the France Telecom blind equalization in the system . Um , the number o of MFCC that was {disfmarker} were used was different . You used thirteen and we used fifteen . Well , a bunch of differences .And , um , actually the result that he {disfmarker} he got were much better on TI - digits especially . So I 'm kind of investigated to see what was the main factor for this difference . And it seems that the LDA filter is{disfmarker} is {disfmarker} was hurting . Um , {vocalsound} so when we put s some noise compensation the , um , LDA filter that {disfmarker} that 's derived from noisy speech is not more {disfmarker} anymoreoptimal . And it makes a big difference , um , {vocalsound} on TI - digits trained on clean . Uh , if we use the {disfmarker} the old LDA filter , I mean the LDA filter that was in the proposal , we have , like , eighty - twopoint seven percent recognition rate , um , on noisy speech when the system is trained on clean speech . But {disfmarker} and when we use the filter that 's derived from clean speech we jumped {disfmarker} so fromeighty - two point seven to eighty - five point one , which is a huge leap .Professor B: Mm - hmm .PhD C: Um . Yeah . So now the results are more similar , and I don't {disfmarker} I will not , I think , investigate on theother differences , which is like the number of MFCC that we keep and other small things that we can I think optimize later on anyway .Professor B: Sure . But on the other hand if everybody is trying different kinds ofnoise suppression things and so forth , it might be good to standardize on the piece {vocalsound} that we 're not changing . Right ? So if there 's any particular reason to ha pick one or the other , I mean {disfmarker}Which {disfmarker} which one is closer to what the proposal was that was submitted to Aurora ? Are they {disfmarker} they both {disfmarker} ? Well , I mean {disfmarker}PhD C: I think {disfmarker} Yeah . I think thth uh , the new system that I tested is , I guess , closer because it doesn't have {disfmarker} it have less of {disfmarker} of France Telecom stuff ,PhD D: You mean the {disfmarker}PhD C: I {disfmarker}PhD D: The{disfmarker} whatever you , uh , tested with recently . Right ?PhD C: Mmm ? Yeah .PhD D: Yeah ?Professor B: Well , no , I {disfmarker} I 'm {disfmarker} I {disfmarker} Yeah , you 're trying to add in France Telecom.PhD C: But , we {disfmarker}Professor B: Tell them about the rest of it . Like you said the number of filters might be {vocalsound} different or something . Right ? Or {disfmarker}PhD D: The number of cepstralcoefficients is what ?Professor B: CepPhD C: Mm - hmm .Professor B: Yeah . So , I mean , I think we 'd wanna standardize there , wouldn't we ?PhD C: Yeah , yeah .Professor B: So , sh you guys should picksomethingPhD D: Yeah .Professor B: and {disfmarker} Well , all th all three of you .PhD D: Yeah .PhD C: I think we were gonna work with {disfmarker} with this or this new system , or with {disfmarker}PhD D: Uh , sothe {disfmarker} the {disfmarker} right now , the {disfmarker} the system that is there in the {disfmarker} what we have in the repositories , with {disfmarker} uses fifteen .PhD C: So {disfmarker} Right . Yeah .PhDD: Yeah , so {disfmarker} Yeah , so {disfmarker} Yep .PhD C: But we will use the {disfmarker} the LDA filters f derived from clean speech . Well , yeah , actually it 's {disfmarker} it 's not the {disfmarker} the LDAfilter .PhD D: Yeah , yeah . So {disfmarker}PhD C: It 's something that 's also short enough in {disfmarker} in latency .PhD D: Yeah . Well .PhD C: So .PhD D: Yeah . So , we haven't {disfmarker} w we have beenalways using , uh , fifteen coefficients ,PhD C: Yeah .PhD D: not thirteen ?PhD C: Mm - hmm .PhD D: Yeah . Well , uh , that 's {disfmarker} something 's {disfmarker} Um . Yeah . Then {disfmarker}Professor B: I thinkas long as you guys agree on it , it doesn't matter .PhD D: mmm {disfmarker}Professor B: I think we have a maximum of sixty , {vocalsound} uh , features that we 're allowed . So .PhD C: Yeah .PhD D: Yeah . Ma -maybe we can {disfmarker} I mean , at least , um , I 'll t s run some experiments to see whether {disfmarker} once I have this {vocalsound} {comment} noise compensation to see whether thirteen and fifteen reallymatters or not .PhD C: Mm - hmm . Mm - hmm .PhD D: Never tested it with the compensation , but without , {vocalsound} uh , compensation it was like fifteen was s slightly better than thirteen ,PhD C: Yeah .PhD D:so that 's why we stuck to thirteen .PhD C: Yeah . And there is {disfmarker} there is also this log energy versus C - zero .PhD D: Sorry , fifteen . Yeah , the log energy versus C - zero .PhD C: Well . W w if {disfmarker}if {disfmarker}PhD D: Uh , that 's {disfmarker} that 's the other thing . I mean , without noise compensation certainly C - zero is better than log energy . Be - I mean , because the {disfmarker} there are more , uh ,mismatched conditions than the matching conditions for testing .PhD C: Mm - hmm .PhD D: You know , always for the matched condition , you always get a {pause} slightly better performance for log energy than C -zero .PhD C: Mm - hmm .PhD D: But not for {disfmarker} I mean , for matched and the clean condition both , you get log energy {disfmarker} I mean you get a better performance with log energy .PhD C: Mm - hmm.PhD D: Well , um , maybe once we have this noise compensation , I don't know , we have to try that also , whether we want to go for C - zero or log energy .PhD C: Mm - hmm .PhD D: We can see that .PhD C: Yeah.PhD D: Hmm .PhD C: Mmm .PhD F: So do you have {pause} more , Stephane , or {disfmarker} ?PhD C: Uh , that 's it , I think . Mmm .PhD F: Do you have anything , Morgan , or {disfmarker} ?Professor B: Uh , no . I'm just , you know , being a manager this week . So .PhD F: How about you , Barry ?Grad A: Um , {vocalsound} still working on my {disfmarker} my quals preparation stuff . Um , {vocalsound} so I 'm {disfmarker} I'm thinking about , um , starting some , {vocalsound} uh , cheating experiments to , uh , determine the , um {disfmarker} {vocalsound} the relative effectiveness of , um , some intermediate categories that I want toclassify . So , for example , um , {vocalsound} if I know where voicing occurs and everything , um , {vocalsound} I would do a phone {disfmarker} um , phone recognition experiment , um , somehow putting in the{disfmarker} the , uh {disfmarker} the perfect knowledge that I have about voicing . So , um , in particular I was thinking , {vocalsound} um , in {disfmarker} in the hybrid framework , just taking those LNA files ,


Project Manager: All hooked up . {vocalsound} Okay , so now we are here at the functional design meeting . Um {vocalsound} hopefully this meeting I'll be doing a little bit less talking than I did last time 'cause this iswhen you get to show us what you've been doing individually . The agenda for the meeting , I put it in the sh shared documents folder . I don't know if that meant that you could see it or not .User Interface:{vocalsound}Project Manager: Did anyone ?Industrial Designer: Mm .User Interface: No .Project Manager: No . Oh well . Um I'll try and do that for the next meeting as well so if you check in there , there's a sharedproject documents folder . Um and it should be in there .User Interface: Mm . Um um wi on on a what ? Oh project project documents , yeah , yeah , yeah , okay .Project Manager: Project documents , yeah . So I'll putit in there .User Interface: Oh okay , yeah .Project Manager: Is it best if I send you an email maybe , to let you know it's there ?User Interface: Yes , I think so .Project Manager: Yep . I'll do that next time . Um{vocalsound} I'll act as secretary for this meeting and just take minutes as we go through , and then I'll send them to you after the meeting . The main the main focus of this meeting is your presentations that you'vebeen preparing during the time , so we'll go through each of you one by one . Um then we need to briefly discuss the new project requirements that were sent to us . I just sentUser Interface: Yeah , the last minute ,yeah ,Project Manager: at the last minute , I'm sorry about that ,User Interface: yeah .Project Manager: but we can see how that affects what you were you were doing .User Interface: Yeah .Project Manager: Um andthen we need to , by the end of the meeting come to some kind of decision on who our target group's going to be and what the functions of the remote control {disfmarker} that's the the main goal is to come up withthose two things , target group and functions of the remote control . And we've got forty minutes to do that in . So I would say {disfmarker}Industrial Designer: You said uh targ target groups ,Project Manager: yeah?Industrial Designer: what does that mean ?Project Manager: As uh who it is that we're going to be trying to sell this thing to ,User Interface: {vocalsound} Um {disfmarker}Industrial Designer: Uh okay , 'kay .ProjectManager: yeah .Industrial Designer: So are {disfmarker}Project Manager: So we need to {disfmarker} yeah , we need to have a fairly defined group that that we want to focus onIndustrial Designer: Okay .ProjectManager: and then look at the functions um of the dem remote control itself . So with that I think it's best if I hand over to you . Does anyone have a preference for going first ?Industrial Designer: Alright .{vocalsound} I can go first ,Project Manager: You wanna go first ?Industrial Designer: yeah .User Interface: Okay . Hmm .Project Manager: Okay , so we need to unplug my laptop and plug in yours .IndustrialDesigner: {vocalsound}Project Manager: I assume we just pull it out ?User Interface: Mm .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} {vocalsound} Right . Um {vocalsound} so f from the {disfmarker}Project Manager: Justbefore you start , to make it easier , would you three mind emailing me your presentations ? Once we {disfmarker} you don't have to do it now but when {disfmarker} once you go back ,User Interface: Okay , yeah ,afterwards , yeah , okay .Industrial Designer: Right sure .Project Manager: just so that I don't have to scribble everything down .Industrial Designer: Uh okay . {vocalsound} {vocalsound} So n uh with uh with regardto the {vocalsound} uh working design of this uh uh remote control uh I've identified um {vocalsound} a few basic uh components of the remote and uh {vocalsound} se uh from the design , functional designperspective um w I c we can now uh know wha what exactly the components are and how how they work together with each other . {vocalsound} {vocalsound} So {vocalsound} {vocalsound} this is the method thatuh I'll mostly be following in my um {vocalsound} in my uh role . Um the identification of the components , uh and uh since since I'm dealing only with the technical aspects , I would need feedback from the marketingperson uh and {vocalsound} uh from the user interface person . Uh we'll then integrate this into the product design at a technical levelProject Manager: Hmm .Industrial Designer: and uh basically update and come upwith a new design , so it's a cyclical process . {vocalsound} Okay , so {vocalsound} these were the basic findings from today . The last three bullets have been integrated from uh the last minute uh email . Uh I justquickly jotted them down . Um {vocalsound} so basically uh the {disfmarker} as I told you the identification of how the remote control works and what are the various parts to it uh and what are the different processesum {vocalsound} and how the parts uh communicate with each other . Um {vocalsound} okay , so e the mee email said that teletext is now outdated , so we need to do away with that functionality of the remotecontrol . Um also uh the remote control should be used only for television , because incorporating other features um makes it more comp complex . And the reason why teletext is outdated because uh of internet and uhthe availability of internet over television . How however , our our remote control would only be dealing uh with the {vocalsound} the use for television , {vocalsound} in order to keep things simple . Um {vocalsound}also the management wants that um our design should be unique uh it {disfmarker} so {vocalsound} it should incorporate um colour and the slogan uh that our company um has it as its standard . {vocalsound} Okay ,so he he here is a functional overview of the remote control . Um {vocalsound} there's basically an energy source at the heart uh which feeds into the chip and the user interface . The user interf interface communicateswith the chip , so {vocalsound} I'll basic go over to the {disfmarker} Okay . {vocalsound} So {vocalsound} if uh if this is our energy source and this is a cell , uh it communicates {disfmarker} uh it feeds energy intothe into the chip , which basically finds out h uh how how to do everything . There is a user interface here . {vocalsound} So whe when the user presses a button , it feeds into the chip and the chip then generates aresponse and takes the response to an infrared terminal , um which then {disfmarker} so the output of the chip is an infrared bit code , which is then communicated {vocalsound} to the remote site , which h has aninfrared receiver . Um the there can be uh a bulb here or something to indicate whether the remote is on or communicating . Um so these are the essent so a all the functionality of the remote control , whatever newfunctions that we need to do , um make the chip more complicated uh and bigger , basically .Project Manager: Mm-hmm .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} Okay . {vocalsound} Um so {vocalsound} i in my personalpreferences um {vocalsound} I'm hoping that we can ke keep the design as simple and clear as possible . This would uh help us uh to upgrade our technology at a future point of time . And uh also if we can incorporateuh the latest features in our chip design , so that our um {vocalsound} uh remote control does not become outdated soon and it's compatible with mot most uh televisions . {vocalsound} That's about it . {vocalsound}So anything that you would like to know or {vocalsound} {disfmarker}Project Manager: Okay .User Interface: {vocalsound} Thanks .Project Manager: Do you have any um i idea about costs at this point ?IndustrialDesigner: {vocalsound} No , I don't have any idea about what each component costs .Project Manager: {vocalsound} BrIndustrial Designer: Um yeah .Project Manager: Okay . 'Cause that's something to consider , Iguess , if we're if we're using more advanced technology , it might increase the price .Industrial Designer: Yeah . Certainly , yeah . So so tha yeah , {vocalsound} we definitely need to operate within our constraints,Project Manager: Yeah .Industrial Designer: but um {vocalsound} unfortunately I I do not have any data , so uh I just identified the functional components for that .Project Manager: That's fine . Are there any morequestions , or shall we just skip straight to the next one and then we can discuss all of them together at the end ?User Interface: {vocalsound} I think we need like some general discussion at the end probably.Industrial Designer: Yeah , okay .Project Manager: Yeah , I think that will do . Okay , so do you want to {disfmarker}User Interface: Yeah . Yeah , I think since since we were discussing some um design issues then I II would like to continue {disfmarker}Project Manager: Yes , shall shall we pull this up ?User Interface: okay , yeah .Project Manager: I think that has to come out of there .Industrial Designer: Yeah .Project Manager:Yeah .Industrial Designer: Mm 'kay .User Interface: {vocalsound} Thanks .Project Manager: Yeah , I thought those last minute things , they're gonna hit you the worst . {vocalsound}User Interface: Oh i {vocalsound}Okay , I hope {disfmarker} wait . Should it just {disfmarker}Industrial Designer: I it'll take some time .Project Manager: It ta takes a little {disfmarker} Oh , and have you {disfmarker}User Interface: There's justnothing .Project Manager: you need to then also press on yours , function F_ eight ,User Interface: Oh right , right , right , um {disfmarker}Project Manager: so the blue function key at the bottom and F_ eight .UserInterface: Okay . NothinIndustrial Designer: Oh , there it is , yeah .User Interface: okay , something is coming up .Project Manager: {vocalsound} Now it's coming ,Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} It'll come up , it{disfmarker} um uh no signal .Project Manager: computer no signal .User Interface: No signal ? Why ?Project Manager: Maybe again ?Industrial Designer: Yeah yeah , it says something now ,User Interface: Oh . My mycomputer went blank now .Industrial Designer: adjusting {disfmarker}Project Manager: Okay , adjusting .User Interface: Adjusting . But {vocalsound} I don't see anythingIndustrial Designer: Okay .Project Manager:There we go , there we go .User Interface: I don't see anything on my computer now .Industrial Designer: Oh , that's strange .Project Manager: Oh , if you press if you press function and that againUser Interface: Thisis the problem , but {disfmarker}Project Manager: there's there's usually three modes , one where it's only here , one where it's only there , and one where it's both .Industrial Designer: Okay .User Interface: Um{gap} .Industrial Designer: And one more time .Project Manager: Okay , so one more time .User Interface: Uh now it's {disfmarker} okay . No ? No .Industrial Designer: Mm .Project Manager: Should {disfmarker}yeah just wait for a moment , adjusting .User Interface: Oh okay .Project Manager: {vocalsound} Okay .User Interface: Okay , that's fine , that's good . Okay , let's start from the beginning . So I'm going to speakabout technical functions design uh just like some {vocalsound} some first issues that came up . Um 'kay , so the method I was um adopting at this point , it's not um for the for the whole um period of the um{vocalsound} all the project but it's just at th at this very moment .Project Manager: Mm-hmm .User Interface: Um uh my method was um to look at um other {vocalsound} um remote controls , uh so mostly just bysearching on the web and to see what um functionality they used . And then um after having got this inspiration and having compared what I found on the web um just to think about what the de what the user reallyneeds and what um what the user might desire as additional uh functionalities . {vocalsound} And yeah , and then just to um {vocalsound} put the main function of the remote control in in words .Project Manager:Mm-hmm .User Interface: Um so the findings uh were {vocalsound} um that the main function of the remote control is is just sending messages to the television set , so this quite straightforward . And uh w some ofthe main functions would be switching on , switching off , uh then the user would like to switch the channel um for example just m changing to the next channel to to flip through all all of the possible channels , or thenmm {vocalsound} uh the other possibility would be that um she might just want to choose one particular channel , so we would need the numbers . And and also the volume is very important . Um {vocalsound} um{vocalsound} I alsIndustrial Designer: {vocalsound} Sorry , cou could you go back for a second ?User Interface: okay .Industrial Designer: Uh switching on off channel , uh volume , {vocalsound} okay , that's great.User Interface: 'Kay . Um um among the findings I found that m m most of the curr mm presently available remote controls also include other mm {vocalsound} functionalities um in their design , like operating aV_C_R_ , but they don't seem to be able to deal with D_V_D_ players , but then {vocalsound} there are {disfmarker} surely there are many other functionali functions that could possibly be added to them , butaccording to the last minute update um actually um we do not want to have all this complicated functions added to our design .Project Manager: Mm-hmm .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}User Interface: So mypersonal preferences would be uh to keep the mm the whole remote control small um just like the physical size . And then it must be easy to use , so it must follow some conventions um like whereabouts you find theon off button and maybe the colour tends to be red or something . Um then {disfmarker} {vocalsound} yeah , the must-have buttons would be on off and then {vocalsound} the channel numbers and then um{vocalsound} the one that allows us to go to the next or the previous channel , and then volume has to be there . But then um other functionalities um {vocalsound} could be just {disfmarker} uh there could be amenu button and you could change things on the screen then , um for example brightness and mm similar functions could be just um {vocalsound} done through the menu . And yeah , the last question I had aboutwhether we wanted to incorporate n uh more functionalities , the answer was already no because of the last minute update .Project Manager: Mm-hmm .User Interface: So at the {disfmarker} for the time being that'suh that's all .Project Manager: Yeah .User Interface: If you have questions {disfmarker}Project Manager: If {disfmarker} I mean that was the the directive that came through from management , but if we had a adecent case for {disfmarker} that we really think it's important to include video and D_V_D_ , I could get back to them and see . It's w it's just whether it's worth arguing about .User Interface: Yeah , and also it's it'sum {disfmarker} other question is uh because there are so many different {disfmarker} And there are so many different things that could possibly be includedMarketing: {vocalsound}Project Manager: Mm-hmm .UserInterface: because besides video and D_V_D_ there are the mm um video C_D_s and whatever , so it might be problematic to to choose between all these possible things .Project Manager: Yeah . Mm-hmm . Okay.Industrial Designer: {gap}Project Manager: Are there any questions for clarification of Maarika before we go on to the next one ?Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} So in the u user interface requirements uh uh uh wewe have been able to identify what are the basic buttons that we do want . Um but um {vocalsound} so so at this stage , uh how we go about implementing those button we will not identify or {disfmarker} I mean in{disfmarker} we can completely do away with buttons and uh have some kind of a fancy user interface or something like that . But uh is is there any uh uh any thoughts on that ?User Interface: Um well , I think thebuttons are still mm kind of the most um easy for the user to use ,Industrial Designer: Right .User Interface: I mean um what other options would you have ? A little screen or something , but this would be really kind ofI think a lot of learning for the userIndustrial Designer: Yeah , and it'll make the costs {disfmarker} yeah .User Interface: and and I mean the user just wants to get um get a result um quickly , not to spend time in likeum giving several orders um I dunno .Industrial Designer: Right .Project Manager: Mm-hmm .User Interface: I think I th I would I would think the put the buttons , but if if you have other mm proposals um .IndustrialDesigner: Uh I think the co costs will also play a big role when we come to know about them .Project Manager: Mm .Industrial Designer: So well we can probably wait until t we have more knowledge on that .ProjectManager: Mm .User Interface: Yeah .Industrial Designer: Uh i if the if the costs allow , we can have like an L_C_D_ displayUser Interface: Yeah .Industrial Designer: and uh with um {disfmarker} because we do wantsomething fancy and fashionable as well . So yeah ? Cool .Project Manager: Mm-hmm .User Interface: Mm-hmm . Yep .Project Manager: Sure , we can discuss that maybe after the next one .Marketing: Cool . Do youwanna give me the little cable thing ?Project Manager: Do you want to {disfmarker} yeah .User Interface: Uh am I going in the right direction ?Marketing: {vocalsound} Yeah .User Interface: {vocalsound} No .{vocalsound} {vocalsound} Wait .Project Manager: Oh , I'm getting hungry . {vocalsound}User Interface: Okay , here it comes . Okay , here you are .Marketing: Cool . Ah , that's why it won't meet . {vocalsound}Okay , cool .Project Manager: You set ?Marketing: Yep , cool . Okay , functional requirements .Project Manager: Uh we need to do the function key thing so that it comes up on here .Marketing: Alright , yeah .ProjectManager: Hello .Industrial Designer: {gap} try to press {disfmarker}Project Manager: Is it plugged in propIndustrial Designer: oh , okay ,Marketing: It's working .Project Manager: it's working ?Industrial Designer: yep.Project Manager: Okay .Marketing: Cool , okay .Project Manager: Excellent .Marketing: So what I have , wh where I've got my information from is a survey where the usability lab um observed remote control use withum a hundred subjects and then they gave them a questionnaire . Um so it was all about , you know , how people feel about the look and feel of the remote control , you know . What's the most annoying things aboutremote controls and um the possibility of speech recognition and L_C_D_ screens in remote control . Not that they actually gave me any answers on the L_C_D_ screens , so I should have taken that bit out , butanyway .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Marketing: Um okay , so . What they found is that people don't like how current remote controls are , so you know , definitely you should be looking at something quitedifferent . Um seventy five percent of users find most remote controls ugly . {vocalsound} Uh the other twenty five percent have no fashion sense . Uh eighty percent of users would spend more to get um you know , anice looking remote control .Project Manager: {vocalsound}Marketing: Um current remote controls , they don't match the user behaviour well , as you'll see on the next slide . Um I dunno what zapping is , but{disfmarker}Project Manager: It's um switching between channels , sort of randomly going through .Marketing: Oh , right . But you have that little thing that comes up at the bottom and tells you what's on . Um okay ,fifty percent of users say they only use ten percent of the buttons ,Project Manager: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: Mm .Marketing: so that's going back to what , you know , we were saying earlier about , you know ,do you need all the buttons on the remote control ,Industrial Designer: Right .Marketing: they just make it look ugly .Project Manager: Mm .Marketing: Okay ? Cool . Um so this is my little graph thing .Project Manager:Ooh , that's a bit difficult to see .Marketing: Mm kProject Manager: If you explain it to us it'll be fine .Marketing: Okay , well , I can send it to all of you . What it is is um it's cones ,Project Manager: Yeah .Marketing:'cause I thought they'd be more exciting . Um but {disfmarker}Project Manager: I liked the , I liked the littMarketing: ooh where's it go ?Project Manager: ooh come back .Marketing: Back . Oh .Project Manager: No.Marketing: Oh yes , cool . Okay , I'm gonna stop playing with the little pointy thing .Project Manager: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: Mm-hmm .Marketing: Um okay , so like what it shows is how much things areused relatively and what you can clearly see from that is the thing that's used most is the channel selection .Project Manager: Okay .Marketing: What you can't see is volume selection , it's a little bit higher than all theothers .Project Manager: Mm-hmm , that's the next one along , yeah ? {vocalsound}Marketing: Yeah , so what the graph shows is that , you know , power , channel selection and volume selection are important , and


Project Manager: Hello .Marketing: Hey guys .User Interface: Hi .Industrial Designer: Hi .Project Manager: Hi .Industrial Designer: I see my bunny is still standing .Project Manager: Yeah .Industrial Designer: No onedrawing it .Project Manager: It's too beautiful .User Interface: Yeah , true .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} Uh I figured uh that much . {vocalsound}Project Manager: {vocalsound}Marketing: Too wicked .UserInterface: Mm .Marketing: {vocalsound} {vocalsound} {vocalsound}Project Manager: A minute please , my uh laptop is uh {disfmarker} oh , there it is , thank you . So welcome back . {vocalsound} At the functionaldesign meeting um the plan is uh that uh each one of you , so not me but only you uh will uh present uh the the things you worked on uh the last uh half hour . I will uh take minutes and will put uh the minutes that Ihave uh at the end of the session in the shared folder . {vocalsound} Also the minutes of the previous session are also in the shared folder now , so you can read that uh now or afterwards . Um {vocalsound} uh I hadan email from the from the management boardMarketing: {vocalsound}Project Manager: uh , I don't know if you a al also uh received it , but there were four points uh which uh I think are very important . First one isuh they think that uh teletext teletext becomes outdated uh and internet will be the the main uh focus . {vocalsound} Uh second one is also important uh , because it's one of the discussion points of the previoussession . Uh the remote control shou should onl only be used for the television , so it uh not gonna it's not gonna be a multi-purpose remote control , so uh that's one thing to keep in mind .User Interface:{vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound}Project Manager: Uh second , and I think that's important for the Marketing uh Expert , uh the current uh customers uh are in the age group group of uh forty years and older , butwith this uh new remote uh they uh will uh {disfmarker} would like to reach uh a group uh younger than uh forty . Uh and uh I think to keep in mind , but not really uh for now is that they uh want the the the sloganand the and the logo uh to uh to be recognised more in the remote .Marketing: {vocalsound}Project Manager: So , we have uh forty minutes , so I think uh not more than ten minutes uh uh per presentation uh each ,and please uh use uh all the the the facilities so that you have either SMARTboards , the the Word files , what you uh {disfmarker} whatever you want . So uh Tim , can you start ? Yeah ?Marketing: Okay .{vocalsound} 'Kay , welcome . I have some uh new findings on uh Marketing Expert level ,User Interface: Mm-hmm .Marketing: which I will show you . {vocalsound} The method I used was um giving orders to ourusability lab uh to do a questionnaire . Um {vocalsound} one hundred respondents were involved and my marketing uh department generated a report with a lot of results . Um , these were a couple of findings , firstpage of three . Um , we have three audiences of {disfmarker} two audiences , {vocalsound} I'm sorry . Uh the first one , this scale , from sixteen to forty five {gap} age . Uh the second one is from sixty four{disfmarker} uh forty six to sixty five . Um , as you can see here , the market share for the first audience is about sixty percent {disfmarker} um sixty five . Uh second audience audience is uh thirty five percent . Mm{vocalsound} and some interests from the from the age groups , uh it seems like the young users of remote controls really like the fancy uh new technology stuff , like uh an L_C_D_ screen on the remote control , umspeech recognition . I don't think that's uh really appropriate . Um , {vocalsound} and when you see uh the audience , the age is going up uh {disfmarker} Yeah , they don't really want it anymore , at least the newtechnologies . Second findings {vocalsound} out of the questionnaire um are the opinion {vocalsound} the opinions uh of the audience about current remote controls . First point is , seventy five percent of the usersfind the most repo remote controls very ugly , uh and eighty percent of the users would spend more money when a remote control would look fancy . So that's maybe something for the User Interface uh Designer .Okay , third findings . According to the frequency of use versus importance investigation , um {vocalsound} following buttons are most important . Um , I will tell something about the way this uh this test was , yeah ,done . Um , {vocalsound} persons were asked uh what the buttons were uh they use most , how much an hour ,Project Manager: Mm-hmm .Marketing: and uh in the second table the importance of those buttons . Um, when you multiply them , you get the {disfmarker} these three points . Switching channels , um yeah , that's pretty uh pretty normal , that's what you do with a remote control . Um the second , teletext , uh and thethird , uh volume controls . Um , I think it's good uh that we know what the user want {disfmarker} wants , uh at least the these three points have to be uh very clear .Project Manager: But it's strange that the themanage board {disfmarker} the management board said that the teletext will be uh outdated by the internet . So that that's strange .Marketing: Yeah , okay . Yeah , okay , but uh at the moment uh teletext is{disfmarker} Yeah , th the best thing you can get uh on T_V_ , like getting information .Project Manager: Yeah , okay . Yeah .Marketing: So uh , when you ask people , what do they use , {vocalsound} they use teletextand not the internet on a remote control .Project Manager: Okay . Yeah , okay .Marketing: That's ridiculous . {vocalsound}Project Manager: Yeah .Marketing: That's a ne i it {disfmarker} It's a new technology ,ProjectManager: Yeah .Marketing: but it's not incorporated right now . Okay , my personal preferences . Um , I think we should aim at the uh audience from sixteen to forty five . {vocalsound} Mm , first of all um it's thebiggest share , the biggest audience , sixty five percent . Uh second , I think you will get the most revenue from i from it . Um , yeah , people from sixteen to forty five watch a lot of T_V_ , more than uh people who areel uh elder . Um {vocalsound} second point , {vocalsound} we have to impro improve the most used functions , as I said here , switching channels , teletext and volume controls . Third point um that came out of the uh{disfmarker} of the questionnaire , uh people used to uh get lost off the remote controller , so maybe it's an idea for us uh to design ex kind of placeholder uh on side of the , yeah , of the T_V_Project Manager: Yeah ,that's a cool idea .Marketing: where you can put the the remote control in . {vocalsound} Um , that's about it , I think . Yeah .Industrial Designer: When you mentioned uh improving functions , what uh what do youmean by that what what are you think about ?Marketing: Uh not not the r not the functions ,Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} Uh , the funtionability .Marketing: but uh it came out that a lot of buttons weren't evenused uh on a remote control . So you can have a remote control full of buttons , a hundreds hundreds of buttons , but if you don't use them , yeah it's {disfmarker}Project Manager: Yeah .Industrial Designer: Ah okay ,so focusing more on the used buttons .Marketing: Yeah , they have to be on itIndustrial Designer: Yeah .Marketing: j just to t to get it done if necessary ,User Interface: {vocalsound}Marketing: but um the most usedbuttons uh have to be bigger or {disfmarker}Industrial Designer: Could you use perhaps uh one button for multiple functions , like example pressing it in longer makes it switch to an different function for example.Marketing: Yeah , perhaps .Industrial Designer: Thank you .Marketing: Just for the minor functions perhaps .Industrial Designer: Yeah , ma perhaps , just just an idea .Marketing: Just to get less buttons on the remotecontrol , to make it easier and quicker to learn .Industrial Designer: Yeah .Marketing: Yeah ? 'Kay , that's it .Project Manager: Thank you , Tim . {vocalsound} Janus , can you uh {disfmarker}Industrial Designer: Uhyeah yeah , I'll go , sure . Right uh , I'll be uh explaining a bit about uh working design about uh the project . Well uh what I did was I dissected uh uh current remote controls and um I viewed how how they w looked ,how they worked , uh what kind of components are involved , and how they are connected together . And uh after that I put up a scheme about how uh these things are organised and I'll show it to you in in a in a fewseconds . And I'll explain a bit about uh how it works and how we could uh build one and why I think several possibilities uh that we discussed in the earlier meeting falls off . Um right . Uh well what I did was uh I Ichecked uh remote controls and the uh remote controls of today are all infrared , not like all probably know . And the thing about that is um the remote controls uh have to act as a T_V_ or uh a stereo or something ,and those uh have a transmitter that's also focused on infrared , so if we want to uh build uh mm a remote control uh with Bluetooth for instance then uh the T_V_ should have Bluetooth too in order to communicate ,so that would mean extra cost for the user and thus uh that's that wouldn't mean a a cheap uh remote control for us . So that's probably why most controls are still infrared . Furthermore they all have uh a a verysimple structure , so that would probably uh mean lower costs and uh i that could mean for us a good thing uh 'cause uh well we we should be able to build a relatively cheap uh {gap} a cheap uh remote . Well uh as Imentioned ready , we have some Bluetooth {disfmarker} Well it may be possible , but uh I figured it wouldn't be possible in {disfmarker} within our budget , but that's not for me to decide , but that's maybe somethingfor marketing to look into . F because uh {disfmarker} well my personal opinion is uh is not to do uh Bluetooth {gap} or or radio waves , {vocalsound} although {disfmarker}Marketing: What do you think about uhincorporating Bluetooth or a radio uh receiver uh in the place-holder next to the T_V_ , connected to the T_V_ ?Industrial Designer: Yeah , actually I have tMarketing: So it's in the wrong product .Industrial Designer:Yeah . Yeah , I actually {disfmarker} I figured that would be that would be rather nice , but then you'd still have the uh {disfmarker} the infrared function . So in in theory you'd actually just move the problem,Marketing: Yeah . Yeah .Industrial Designer: but uh what I did uh think about was when you mentioned about the uh the cup-holder , is why not uh introduce a speech function like where is the remote . If somebodysays , where is the remote , then it goes uh beep uh beep beep beep or something ,User Interface: {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound} Yeah .Industrial Designer: I dunno , maybe uh maybe something to look into , Idunno uh what the cost {gap} that something like that would be . But it may be uh may be something to explore . Uh I'll I'll just explain a bit of the components . Uh first you have the energy source . The energy sourcewould be a battery , simple uh battery uh that you can find anywhere . I figured that would be best , 'cause when the battery uh stops functioning uh we could just uh use {disfmarker} you could just go out and buy anew one . So we didn't {disfmarker} and we don't have to do all uh {disfmarker} to be too complicated about that . Uh the energy source is connected to the infrared button , but uh the infrared button uh works onlyvia the chip and the subcomponent to uh the switch {disfmarker} there is a switch uh between these . When the switch is pressed in a w on this this case it switches a button , when a button is prush pushed in , uh aelectric current goes through here , and in uh {disfmarker} immediately , a l a bulb lights up uh displaying to the user that something has happened . That's uh that's so the h user won't be um thinking , well uh did thebutton be pressed , w what happened uh . Or I press button but nothing's happening on the T_V_ , so is is something wrong or something . So that's just to uh to to explain the {disfmarker} of {disfmarker} to to uhmake it clearer to the user . Uh w well the signal goes via chip that's translated into uh electric sig uh electronic signals and then it's processed and then it's sent to the infrared bulb where it will be uh uh received on thereceiving end . And those uh interpreted by the device , well in this case the television . Uh well my personal preferences here , well we have to keep it simple . Not too many uh gadgets and functions , just like you saiduh {disfmarker} well the most users n uh you have a lot of buttons and you u u use {disfmarker} you don't use them , so why why should we invent uh {disfmarker} w spend more time on those . Uh I I think weshould stick by {disfmarker} with infrared transmitting and uh no receiving . So uh no input from the television . So I think we shouldn't be uh spending time on um teletext and st things like that , because when you uhwant teletext on uh infrared you'd have to build in a receiver too , and so in order to receive the signals from uh what's on T_V_ and such . So I figure that would be uh spending too much money and time and{disfmarker}Marketing: Um , yeah , maybe another problem uh , I think current T_V_s can even send infrared .Industrial Designer: Yes , but what should we uh s I I I f I agree with you , but should we spend money or{disfmarker} and time on building a receiver into the uh remote control ?Marketing: Huh .Industrial Designer: 'Cause that would be {disfmarker} I mean extra components , extra designs , um larger g uh remotecontrol .Marketing: Mm-hmm . Yeah .Industrial Designer: These all uh all stuff that we have to take in account .Marketing: Yeah .Industrial Designer: So I I {disfmarker} my personal opinion is no no no receiver at all .Um , wellMarketing: Yeah .Industrial Designer: we should uh look into the design and the functionability . Like I said , uh use one button for instance for m multiple functions , or well uh just hide the few buttons o ofswitching it open or something , the usual uh {gap} stuff . And uh don't overbuild , we shouldn't make a big uh remote control for simple functions , but we we should stick to the basics . So that was my uh my personalopinion . And that was my uh my presentation uh {disfmarker}Project Manager: Okay , thank you Janus .User Interface: Okay . Yes ,Project Manager: You do ?User Interface: I can go ahead .Project Manager: The lastpresentation . You have plenty of time ,User Interface: Last presentation . Okay .Project Manager: Tim and uh Janus don't uh talk to ten minutes ,Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Project Manager: so uh take yourtime .User Interface: {gap}Marketing: {vocalsound}Project Manager: If you take your time too long I will uh eventually uhIndustrial Designer: {vocalsound}Project Manager: warn you .User Interface:{vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound}User Interface: Well , I'm going to give a presentation abut some of the technical functions of these design and uh usability functions .Project Manager: {vocalsound}UserInterface: Um what's my opinion about what's most important to combine the design , technical possibilities and the user friendliness in one , so if you um going to design a remote that looks good , that shouldn't weighover the uh {disfmarker} if it's possible to make , of course , but also the user friendliness , so tha that's that's some of the main points . And another one is um the use um of many functions will will make it moredifficult , so use as as little functions as possible or at least don't display them all at once on the same remote . If you have fifty functions you don't want fifty buttons uh t uh to be shown at the same time ,Marketing:Hmm .User Interface: 'cause when you visit an internet uh site you don't want fifty links uh to see , but maybe use a hierarch hierarchy uh structure . {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound}User Interface: And uh wellone of the ideas was maybe uh use touch screen , but s I don't know in how far that is possible ,Marketing: Hmm .User Interface: since we are sticking to uh um infrared and and the remote cannot receive anything ,but uh we might uh consider that . Um well , of course I I hope this is all clear to you . If you {disfmarker} you can use remote like this with all the functions , {gap} many functions , but {disfmarker} Well , your thumbis a little bigger than th it than this . You have to be very careful what you push ,Marketing: {vocalsound} {vocalsound}User Interface: and um if you're looking for teletext you'll be uh searching for half an hour from uhum {disfmarker} yeah well , where is it ? Where the hell {disfmarker} he here I guess and , yeah , when you have to uh use something else . So just keep it simple , make clear buttons , easy to use . For example ifyou want to use a play and back and stop , that's very important . Um well this was because of our last discussion , if multiple machines are used , create easy switch between the machines , but um it's no longer uhapplying . {vocalsound} Well yeah , I prefer to use it only for T_V_ and um n uh not to give too many options and and if possible , uh the buttons should give {vocalsound} a dr direct action , not first select{disfmarker}Project Manager: Uh you you just said um uh you wanted to to combine more functions in one , so uhUser Interface: Yeah ,Project Manager: you you want to keep it simple ,User Interface: and so that'swhere the difficulties lie .Industrial Designer: Yeah , but {disfmarker}Project Manager: but I think that if you want to do that , then you can't escape the the fact that there will be buttons uh which give s uh moreoptions than one .User Interface: Yeah , this {disfmarker} so that's the thing you have to weigh against each other .Industrial Designer: Yeah . Yeah , but {disfmarker}User Interface: Do we want to use a few optionsand might not be so or original , or uh multi-purpose as we thought ,Project Manager: Mm-hmm . Okay .User Interface: or do we want to use um many buttons .Project Manager: Yeah .User Interface: So um weighingthose factors .Marketing: Hmm {gap} it's maybe an option uh if you use an L_C_D_ {vocalsound} or a touch screen um , that in the middle are the the main keys , like displayed on the {disfmarker}User Interface:{vocalsound}Marketing: Uh yeah .User Interface: The {gap} doesn't {gap} .Marketing: {vocalsound} {gap} . Yeah , this ? No ? Yeah . {vocalsound} Something like that . Okay , just uh in the middle the generalfunctions , like play , uh channel switching ,User Interface: Yeah .Marketing: and then uh at the top or at the bottom , some menus like uh settings or {disfmarker} that you can drop down .User Interface: Yeah , butwhen all the questions I had {disfmarker} Do we want to use uh a menu display on the T_V_ ? Or um does have to f everything uh be in remotes ? 'Cause if you use a memory display on the T_V_ , you can simply pushuh a more menu and then select the options you want to have and press okay .Marketing: Mm .User Interface: Uh so that's my recommendation , if you use many options in one buttle {disfmarker} button , um displaythe menu on the T_V_Marketing: Nah . Mm-hmm .User Interface: and don't um use combination of t of two buttons at the same time or pressing buttons three times for five seconds ,Marketing: Yeah .User Interface: istoo complicated for most users .Marketing: Yeah .Industrial Designer: Yeah , but {disfmarker}Marketing: I think so too , but {disfmarker} {vocalsound} and that's partly because um uh a lot of T_V_s have differentmenus , and when you have a particular menu uh at your device , uh it could be that don't correspond to the menu what's actually on T_V_ .User Interface: Yeah , that will be a problem .Industrial Designer:WellMarketing: Yeah .Industrial Designer: you d you have to {gap} keep in mind that uh several T_V_s uh don't even have a menu structure , or they have a very simple menu structure , so you have to keep in mindthat not all uh d not {disfmarker} our remote won't be able to work on all televisions .User Interface: Yes .Industrial Designer: And that would be uh a considerable problem .User Interface: So if we have to stick withcurrent technologies and uh um well yeah , the restrictions of what's uh is on the market today , um you should keep it s at this .Industrial Designer: Yeah .User Interface: Use big clear buttons . Not too many . Somaybe we'll loose a few option uh options , but I think i this is more important . Um {vocalsound} especially the important buttons , um if you want to switch channel , change your volume , uh use teletext , it uh it hasto work at once and more advanced options may be put it s somewhere away on the remote , behind uh a little uh little thing or a touch screen .Industrial Designer: Not embed Yeah , but then with something like atouch screen could {disfmarker} could make more menu up {disfmarker} pop up or something .User Interface: And yeah , if you want to uh uh s put {gap} on stand-by or change the channel , that should always be