Passage 1:Jane WighamJane Wigham (née Smeal; 1801–1888) was a leading Scottish abolitionist, andwas the secretary of the Glasgow Ladies' Emancipation Society.LifeSmeal was born in Glasgow in 1801,the sister of William Smeal. She was educated as a Quaker at Ackworth School in Yorkshire. The familyresided in Edinburgh, later moving to Aberdeen. As Quakers, Smeal's family were unusual in Scotland.The 1851 census shows that there were fewer than 400 active Scottish Quakers at the time.Smealbecame the leader and secretary of the radical Glasgow Ladies Emancipation Society. Her brother Williamin 1822 founded the Glasgow Anti-Slavery Society, a forerunner of the Glasgow Emancipation Society,and was later active in the latter. Smeal had a record of anti-slavery activity, long before the Free Churchbecame involved in the issue.In 1838 she published an important pamphlet with Elizabeth Pease ofDarlington titled Address to the Women of Great Britain. This document called for British women to speakin public and to form anti-slavery organisations for women. An address that Smeal prepared for QueenVictoria has been credited with being the "final blow" that ended slavery in the Caribbean.In 1840 Smealbecame the second wife of the Quaker John Wigham, who was a tea merchant and active abolitionist inGlasgow. In 1830, Wigham's wife and two of their children died however the family was revitalized whenhe married Smeal. Jane Smeal became Jane Wigham and she formed a close friendship and collaborationwith her stepdaughter, Eliza Wigham. Smeal and Wigham's marriage took place in the same year as theWorld's Anti-Slavery Convention in London, where Eliza was one of the delegates.After the Ladies'Emancipation Society ceased activity, Jane and Eliza, along with some of their friends, set up theEdinburgh chapter of the National Society of Women's Suffrage. Priscilla Bright McLaren, the president,Elizabeth Pease, the treasurer, and McLaren's daughter Agnes McLaren joined Eliza as joint secretaries.Despite a lack of support from her husband John, Jane and her stepdaughter established the Edinburghsociety as one of the leading British groups supporting the controversial views of the Americanabolitionist and social reformer William Lloyd Garrison.John Wigham died in 1864 and Eliza remained onat the family home on South Gray Street in Edinburgh to care for her stepmother. Jane died in November1888 after a prolonged illness.LegacyFour of the women associated with Edinburgh in the 19th centurywere the subject of a campaign by Edinburgh historians in 2015. The group aimed to gain recognition forElizabeth Pease Nichol, Priscilla Bright McLaren, Eliza Wigham, and Jane Smeal – the city's "forgottenheroines".Passage 2:Angelo I GozzadiniAngelo I Gozzadini (died between 1468 and 1476) was Lord ofKythnos.He married in 1429 Caterina Crispo (born 1415, date of death unknown), daughter of NicholasCrispo, Lord of Syros and sister of Francesco II, sixteenth Duke of the Archipelago.Passage 3:May GreenHinckleyMay Green Hinckley (May 1, 1881 – May 2, 1943) was the third Primary general president of theChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1940 until her death. She was thestepmother of Gordon B. Hinckley, fifteenth president of the LDS Church.BiographyGreen was born inBrampton, Derbyshire, England. Her mother had joined the LDS Church three years before Green's birth,but her father never joined. She emigrated to the United States with her mother and some of her siblingsin 1889. Green was baptized into the LDS Church in 1891, and was by then living in Salt Lake City.Greenwas raised in the church's Salt Lake 5th Ward. Early on she was a teacher in both the Sunday School andthe Young Women Mutual Improvement Association (YWMIA). She served as a missionary for the churchin the Central States Mission from 1907 to 1909.After studying booking and accounting, Green beganwork as business manager for a Salt Lake medical clinic.In 1920, Green was made president of the YLMIAof the Granite Stake in Salt Lake City. She served in this position for the next 12 years, and oversaw theinitial establishment of the Gleaner program.In 1932, at the age of 50, Green married Bryant S. Hinckley,whose wife, Ada, had died in 1930. At the time, five of Hinckley's 13 children were still living at home. Atthat time, Green was president of the stake YWMIA. One of the children, Gordon B. Hinckley, laterrecalled that he and the other children were upset by their father's decision to remarry, but theyeventually came to accept their stepmother: "I don't know that it was easy for her to step into our family,but she did it well. We all respected her. We all loved her". In 1935, when Bryant Hinckley becamepresident of the Northern States Mission based in Chicago, May Hinckley went with him and presided over


Passage 1:Domenico de DominicisDomenico de Dominicis or Domenico de Dominici (died 1478) was aRoman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Brescia (1464–1478)and Bishop of Torcello(1448–1464).BiographyOn 20 February 1448, Domenico de Dominicis was appointed during the papacyof Pope Nicholas V as Bishop of Torcello.On 14 November 1464, he was appointed during the papacy ofPope Paul II as Bishop of Brescia.He served as Bishop of Brescia until his death in 1478. While bishop, hewas the principal consecrator of Johannes Hinderbach, Bishop of Trento (1466); and the principalco-consecrator of Giovanni Stefano Botticelli, Bishop of Cremona (1467).Passage 2:Wesley BarresiWesleyBarresi (born 3 May 1984) is a South African born first-class and Netherlands international cricketer. Heis a right-handed wicket keeper-batsman and also bowls right-arm offbreak. In February 2021, Barresiannounced his retirement from all forms of cricket, but returned to the national team in August2022.CareerWesley became the 100th victim to Indian cricketer Yuvraj Singh, when he was dismissed inthe 2011 World Cup game against India.In July 2018, he was named in the Netherlands' One DayInternational (ODI) squad, for their series against Nepal. Ahead of the ODI matches, the InternationalCricket Council (ICC) named him as the key player for the Netherlands.In July 2019, he was selected toplay for the Amsterdam Knights in the inaugural edition of the Euro T20 Slam cricket tournament.However, the following month, the tournament was cancelled.Passage 3:Wale AdebanwiWale Adebanwi(born 1969) is a Nigerian-born first Black Rhodes Professor at St Antony's College, Oxford where he was,until June 2021, a Professor of Race Relations, and the Director of the African Studies Centre, School ofInterdisciplinary Area Studies, and a Governing Board Fellow. He is currently a Presidential Penn CompactProfessor of Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. Adebanwi's research focuses on a rangeof topics in the areas of social change, nationalism and ethnicity, race relations, identity politics, elitesand cultural politics, democratic process, newspaper press and spatial politics in Africa.EducationbackgroundWale Adebanwi graduated with a first degree in Mass Communication from the University ofLagos, and later earned his M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Ibadan. He also hasan MPhil. and a Ph.D. in Social Anthropology from the University of Cambridge.CareerAdebanwi workedas a freelance reporter, writer, journalist and editor for many newspapers and magazines before hejoined the University of Ibadan's Department of Political Science as a lecturer and researcher. He waslater appointed as an assistant professor in the African American and African Studies Department of theUniversity of California, Davis, USA. He became a full professor at UC Davis in 2016.Adebanwi is theco-editor of Africa: Journal of the International African Institute and the Journal of Contemporary AfricanStudies.WorksHis published works include:Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politicsof Meaning (University of Rochester Press, 2016)Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: ObafemiAwolowo and Corporate Agency (Cambridge University Press, 2014)Authority Stealing: Anti-corruptionWar and Democratic Politics in Post-Military Nigeria (Carolina Academic Press, 2012)In addition, he is theeditor and co-editor of other books, including.The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa: Beyond theMargins (James Currey Publishers, 2017)Writers and Social Thought in Africa (Routledge,2016)(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Governance and the Crisis of Rule in Contemporary Africa(Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Democracy and Prebendalism in Nigeria:Critical Interpretations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Nigeria at Fifty:The Nation in Narration (Routledge, 2012)(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Encountering the NigerianState (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010).AwardsRhodes Professorship in Race Relations awarded by OxfordUniversity to Faculty of African and Interdisciplinary Area Studies.Passage 4:DomenicoMaggiottoDomenico Maggiotto or Domenico Fedeli (1713–1794) was an Italian painter and engraver ofthe late-Baroque period.He was one of the main pupils of Giovanni Battista Piazzetta. His son FrancescoMaggiotto was also a painter.He lived and worked mainly in Venice.Passage 5:ShahanuddinChoudhuryShahanuddin Choudhury (born 15 June 1967) is a Bangladeshi sprinter. He competed in themen's 200 metres at the 1992 Summer Olympics.Passage 6:Greg A. Hill (artist)Greg A. Hill is aCanadian-born First Nations artist and curator. He is Kanyen'kehà:ka Mohawk, from Six Nations of the


Passage 1:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting forLucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986)(mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990)(mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)NotQuite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor BlakeMysteries (2013)Passage 2:Robert Baker (actor)Robert Baker (born October 15, 1979, in Memphis,Tennessee) is an American actor known for his roles in Valentine, Grey's Anatomy, Out of Time, and asupporting role in the film Special.Early lifeBaker is the son of musician Lee Baker and his wife Carol. Hisfather Lee was a member of the Memphis rock group, Mud Boy and the Neutrons.CareerHe had a smallrole as a partygoer in the 1999 film Angel on Abbey Street. While still attending theater school at theUniversity of Southern California, he landed a role in the TV movie The Ruling Class, playing a funny highschool jock.In 2018, Baker recurred in Supergirl as Mercy Graves' brother OtisGraves.FilmographyFilmTelevisionVideo gamePassage 3:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director offilm, television and theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directingepisodic television and television films. Some of his television series credits include Love Is a ManySplendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney &Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: TheRideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), QueenSized (2008) and among other films. He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey DavisLevin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming adirector, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions. He costarred with Susan Strasberg in"[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army. Hetrained at the Carnegie Mellon University. Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productionsat the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company. He also co-founded theoff-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was alsoan associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company.Passage 4:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)BrianPatrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Irelandand Australia, and now lives and works in the United States.  He was the director of the Peabody EssexMuseum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director of the ToledoMuseum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currentlylives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art atDartmouth College. In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Earlylife and career in IrelandKennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A.(1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both arthistory and history.He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission,Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office(1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He wasAssistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of theIrish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art MuseumDirectors from 2001 to 2003. In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery ofAustralia.National Gallery of Australia (NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loansprogram throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased thenumber of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-mediasite.  Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinuedthe emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions.During hisdirectorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private


Passage 1:René ClairRené Clair (11 November 1898 – 15 March 1981), born René-Lucien Chomette, was a French filmmaker and writer. He first established his reputation in the 1920s as a director of silent films in which comedy was often mingled with fantasy. He went on to make some of the most innovative early sound films in France, before going abroad to work in the UK and USA for more than a decade. Returning to France after World War II, he continued to make films that were characterised by their elegance and wit, often presenting a nostalgic view of French life in earlier years. He was elected to the Académie Française in 1960. Clair's best known films include Un chapeau de paille d'Italie (The Italian Straw Hat, 1928), Sous les toits de Paris (Under the Roofs of Paris, 1930), Le Million (1931), À nous la liberté (1931), I Married a Witch (1942), and And Then There Were None (1945).Early lifeRené Clair was born and grew up in Paris in the district of Les Halles, whose lively and picturesque character made a lasting impression on him. His father was a soap merchant; he had an elder brother, Henri Chomette (born 1896). He attended the Lycée Montaigne and the Lycée Louis-le-Grand. In 1914 he was studying philosophy; his friends at that time included Raymond Payelle who became the actor and writer Philippe Hériat.In 1917, at the age of 18, he served as an ambulance driver in World War I, before being invalided out with a spinal injury. He was deeply affected by the horrors of war that he witnessed and gave expression to this in writing a volume of poetry called La Tête de l'homme (which remained unpublished). Back in Paris after the war, he started a career as a journalist at the left-wing newspaper L'Intransigeant.Film careerHaving met the music-hall singer Damia and written some songs for her, Clair was persuaded by her to visit Gaumont studios in 1920 where a film was being cast and he then agreed to take on a leading role in Le Lys de la vie, directed by Loïe Fuller and Gabrielle Sorère. He adopted the stage-name of René Clair, and several other acting jobs followed, including Parisette for Louis Feuillade. In 1922 he extended his career as a journalist, becoming the editor of a new film supplement to a monthly magazine, Théâtre et Comœdia illustrés.  He also visited Belgium and after an introduction from his brother Henri, he became an assistant to the director Jacques de Baroncelli on several films.1924–1934In 1924, with the support of the producer Henri Diamant-Berger, Clair got the opportunity to direct his own first film, Paris qui dort (The Crazy Ray), a short comic fantasy. Before it had been shown however, Clair was asked by Francis Picabia and Erik Satie to make a short film to be shown as part of their Dadaist ballet Relâche; he made Entr'acte (1924), and it established Clair as a leading member of the Parisian avant-garde.Fantasy and dreams were also components of his next two films, but in 1926 Clair took a new direction when he joined Alexandre Kamenka's Films Albatros company to film a dramatic story, La Proie du vent (The Prey of the Wind), which met with commercial success. He remained at Albatros for his last two silent films, Un chapeau de paille d'Italie (An Italian Straw Hat) and Les Deux Timides (Two Timid Souls) (both 1928), in which he sought to translate the essentially verbal comedy of two plays by Labiche into works of silent cinema. While at Albatros, Clair met the designer Lazare Meerson and the cameraman Georges Périnal who were to remain important collaborators with him for the next decade. By the end of the silent era, Clair was celebrated as one of the great names in cinema, alongside Griffith, Chaplin, Pabst and Eisenstein. As the author of all of his own scripts, who also paid close attention to every aspect of the making of a film, including the editing, Clair was one of the first French film-makers to establish for himself the full role of an auteur.Clair was initially sceptical about the introduction of sound to films, and called it "an unnatural creation". He then realised the creative possibilities that it offered, particularly, in his view, if the soundtrack was not used realistically; words and pictures need not, and indeed should not, be tied together in a clumsy duplication of information; dialogue did not always need to be heard. Between 1930 and 1933, Clair explored these ideas in his first four sound films, starting with Sous les toits de Paris (Under the Roofs of Paris); this was followed by Le Million (1931), À nous la liberté (1931), and Quatorze juillet (Bastille Day) (1933). All of these films portrayed an affectionate and idealized view of working class life, and they did much to create a popular romantic image of Paris which was seen around the world. These films were made at the Epinay Studios for Films Sonores Tobis, a French subsidiary of the German-owned Tobis company.When Chaplin made Modern Times in 1936, it was noted that some parts of


Passage 1:Beatrix of BadenBeatrix of Baden (22 January 1492 – 4 April 1535) was a margravine (wife ofa margrave) of Baden by birth and by marriage and a Countess Palatine of Simmern.  She was adaughter of Christoph I, Margrave of Baden and Ottilie of Katzenelnbogen.Marriage and issueIn 1508 shemarried the Count Palatine  Johann II of Simmern (born: 21 March 1492; died: 18 May 1557).  With himshe had twelve children:Catherine (1510–1572), Abbess in Kumbd monasteryJohanna (1512–1581),Abbess in Marienberg monastery at BoppardOttilia (1513–1553), nun at Marienberg in BoppardFrederickIII the Pious (1515–1576), Elector Palatinemarried firstly 1537 Princess Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach(1519–1567)married secondly 1569 Countess Amalia of Neuenahr-Alpen (1540–1602)Brigitta(1516–1562), Abbess at Neuburg an der DonauGeorg (1518–1569), Count Palatine ofSimmern-Sponheimmarried in 1541 princess Elisabeth of Hesse (1503–1563)Elisabeth(1520–1564)married in 1535 Count Georg II of Lauterbach (1506-1569)Reichard (1521–1598), CountPalatine of Simmern-Sponheimmarried in firstly 1569 Countess Juliane of Wied (1545-1575)married insecondly 1578 Countess Emilie of Württemberg (1550-1589)married in thirdly 1589 Countess PalatineAnna Margarete of Veldenz (1571-1621)Maria (1524–1576), nun at Marienberg in BoppardWilliam(1526–1527)Sabine (1528–1578)married in 1544 Count Lamoral of Egmont (1522–1568)Helena(1532–1579)married in 1551 Count Philipp III of Hanau-Münzenberg (1526–1561)AncestorsPassage2:Frederick II, Grand Duke of BadenFrederick II (9 July 1857 – 9 August 1928; German: Großherzog vonBaden Friedrich II.) was the last sovereign Grand Duke of Baden, reigning from 1907 until the abolition ofthe German monarchies in 1918. The Weimar-era state of Baden originated from the area of the GrandDuchy. In 1951–1952, it became part of the new state of Baden-Württemberg.LifeFriedrich "Fritz"Wilhelm Ludwig Leopold August Prinz von Baden was born on 9 July 1857, in Karlsruhe in the state ofBaden-Württemberg to Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden and Princess Louise of Prussia.As a student atthe University of Heidelberg, Frederick was a member of the Suevia Corps, a student fraternalorganization. Frederick became the head of the House of Zähringen on 28 September 1907, after thedeath of his father Frederick I, who was the sovereign Grand Duke of Baden reigning from 1856 to 1907.He abdicated on 22 November 1918, amidst the tumults of the German Revolution of 1918–19 whichresulted in the abolition of the Grand Duchy. After the death of his cousin Carola of Vasa, he became therepresentative of the descent of the Kings of Sweden of the House of Holstein-Gottorp. On 20 September1885 in Schloss Hohenburg, he married Princess Hilda of Nassau, the only daughter of the exiled DukeAdolphe of Nassau who later succeeded as Grand Duke of Luxembourg. There was no surviving issuefrom the marriage.He was à la suite the Royal Prussian Regiments Erstes Garde-Regiment zu Fuß (1stGuard Foot Regiment) and 1. Garde-Ulanen-Regiment and à la suite the Imperial 1st Seebataillon. Hewas also Regimentschef of the 4. Königlich Sächsisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 103, which was alsoknown as Infanterie-Regiment „Großherzog Friedrich II. von Baden“ (4. Königlich Sächsisches) Nr.103.Promotions1875 : Sekondeleutnant (= Leutnant)1881 : Premierleutnant (= Oberleutnant)1882 :Hauptmann1884 : Major1889 : Oberst1891 : Generalmajor1893 : Generalleutnant1897 : General derInfanterie1905 : Generaloberst with the rank of GeneralfeldmarschallDeathAfter his death in 1928, theheadship of the house was transferred over to his first cousin who was the last Chancellor of ImperialGermany, Prince Maximilian of Baden.Honours and awardsGerman orders and decorationsForeign ordersand decorations  Austria-Hungary:Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen, 1885MilitaryJubilee Cross, 14 August 1908 Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold Empire of Brazil: GrandCross of the Southern Cross Denmark: Knight of the Elephant, 13 October 1897 Kingdom of Italy: Knightof the Annunciation, 10 September 1897 Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion Kingdom ofRomania:Grand Cross of the Order of Carol I, with CollarGrand Cross of the Star of Romania RussianEmpire: Knight of St. Andrew  Sweden-Norway:Knight of the Seraphim, with Collar, 20 September1881Grand Cross of St. Olav, 27 September 1897 United Kingdom: Honorary Grand Cross of the RoyalVictorian Order, 16 June 1905Honorary military appointmentsHonorary General of the Swedish Army,1906AncestryPassage 3:Mechthild of BavariaMechthild of Bavaria (12 July 1532 – 2 November 1565 in


Passage 1:Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of NorfolkThomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk  (1443 – 21 May1524), styled Earl of Surrey from 1483 to 1485 and again from 1489 to 1514, was an English nobleman,soldier and statesman who served four monarchs. He was the eldest son of John Howard, 1st Duke ofNorfolk, by his first wife, Catharina de Moleyns. The Duke was the grandfather of both Queen AnneBoleyn and Queen Catherine Howard and the great-grandfather of Queen Elizabeth I. In 1513 he led theEnglish to victory over the Scots at the decisive Battle of Flodden, for which he was richly rewarded byKing Henry VIII, then away in France.Early lifeThomas Howard was born in 1443 at Stoke-by-Nayland,Suffolk, the only surviving son of John Howard, later 1st Duke of Norfolk, by his first wife, Katherine, thedaughter of Sir William Moleyns (died 8 June 1425) and his wife Margery. He was educated at ThetfordGrammar School.Service under Edward IVWhile a young man, he entered the service of King Edward IVas a henchman. Howard took the King's side when war broke out in 1469 with the Earl of Warwick, andtook sanctuary at Colchester when the King fled to Holland in 1470. Howard rejoined the royal forces atEdward's return to England in 1471, and was severely wounded at the Battle of Barnet on 14 April 1471.He was appointed an esquire of the body in 1473. On 14 January 1478 he was knighted by Edward IV atthe marriage of the King's second son, the young Duke of York, and Lady Anne Mowbray (died1481).Service under Richard IIIAfter the death of Edward IV on 9 April 1483, Thomas Howard and hisfather John supported Richard III. Thomas bore the Sword of State at Richard's coronation and served assteward at the coronation banquet. Both Thomas and his father were granted lands by the new King, andThomas was also granted an annuity of £1000. On 28 June 1483, John Howard was created Duke ofNorfolk, while Thomas was created Earl of Surrey. Surrey was also sworn of the Privy Council andinvested with the Order of the Garter. In the autumn of that year Norfolk and Surrey suppressed arebellion against the King by the Duke of Buckingham. Both Howards remained close to King Richardthroughout his two-year reign, and fought for him at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, where Surrey waswounded and taken prisoner, and his father killed. Surrey was attainted in the first Parliament of the newKing, Henry VII, stripped of his lands, and committed to the Tower of London, where he spent the nextthree years.Service under Henry VIIHoward was offered an opportunity to escape during the rebellion ofthe Earl of Lincoln in 1487, but refused, perhaps thereby convincing Henry VII of his loyalty. In May 1489Henry restored him to the earldom of Surrey, although most of his lands were withheld, and sent him toquell a rebellion in Yorkshire. Surrey remained in the north as the King's lieutenant until 1499. He and hisfamily lived in Sheriff Hutton Castle while in the North. In 1499 he was recalled to court, andaccompanied the King on a state visit to France in the following year. In 1501 he was again appointed amember of the Privy Council, and on 16 June of that year was made Lord High Treasurer. Surrey, RichardFoxe (Bishop of Winchester and Lord Privy Seal) and William Warham (Archbishop of Canterbury and LordChancellor), became the King's "executive triumvirate". He was entrusted with a number of diplomaticmissions. In 1501 he was involved in the negotiations for Catherine of Aragon's marriage to Arthur,Prince of Wales, and in 1503 conducted Margaret Tudor to Scotland for her wedding to King JamesIV.Service under Henry VIIISurrey was an executor of the will of King Henry VII when the King died on21 April 1509, and played a prominent role in the coronation of King Henry VIII, in which he served asEarl Marshal. He challenged Thomas Wolsey in an effort to become the new King's first minister, buteventually accepted Wolsey's supremacy. Surrey expected to lead the 1513 expedition to France, but wasleft behind when the King departed for Calais on 30 June 1513. Shortly thereafter King James IV ofScotland launched an invasion into England, and Surrey, with the aid of other noblemen and his sonsThomas and Edmund, crushed James's much larger force at the Battle of Flodden, near Branxton,Northumberland, on 9 September 1513. The Scots may have lost as many as 10,000 men, and KingJames was killed. The victory at Flodden brought Surrey great popular renown and royal rewards. On 1February 1514, he was created Duke of Norfolk, and his son Thomas was made Earl of Surrey. Both weregranted lands and annuities, and the Howard arms were augmented in honour of Flodden with aninescutcheon bearing the lion of Scotland pierced through the mouth with an arrow, within a double


Passage 1:Muhammad Habib ShakirMuhammad Habib Shakir (1866 in Cairo – 1939 in Cairo) (Arabic:  ) was an Egyptian judge, born in Cairo and a graduate from Al-AzharUniversity.LifeSheikh Mohammed Shakir b. Ahmad b. ‘Abd al-Qadir was born in 1866 CE in Jirja, a city inUpper Egypt. He studied and graduated from Al-Azhar University. He died in 1939 in Cairo.His son,Sheikh Ahmad Muhammad Shakir, wrote his biography in a treatise entitled Mohammed Shakir ‘Alam minA‘lam al-‘AsrPositionsSudan's Supreme Judge for four years (1890-1893)Dean of Alexandria'sScholarsAl-Azhar Secretary General ("Wakil") and a member of its board of directorsMember of Al-AzharCorps of High ScholarsMember of Al-Azhar legislative Society ("al-Jam‘iyyaal-Tashri‘iyya")Works"Al-Durus al-Awwaliyya fi al-‘Aqa’id al-Diniyya""Al-Qawl al-Fasl fi Tarjamat al-Qur’anal-Karim""Al-Sira al-Nabawiyya"Qur'an controversyMohammed Habib Shakir has been stated by manyinternet sources as "a well known translator of the Qur'an into English." He has been associated with thetranslator M. H. Shakir of the translation published by Tahrike Tarsile Qur'an. However this idea iscontradicted by two pieces of evidence that have now come to light:There is strong evidence thatMohammed Habib Shakir was against the translation of the Qur'an and considered the rendering of theArabic into any other language unlawful.There is strong evidence that M. H. Shakir, the translator, isactually a pen name for Mohammedali Habib Shakir the son of Habib Esmail of The House of Habib.Thetranslator of this edition was in fact a Pakistani Shi'a.See alsoList of Islamic scholarsTranslation of theQur'anPassage 2:Rumbi KatedzaRumbi Katedza is a Zimbabwean Film Producer and Director who wasborn on 17 January 1974.Early life and educationShe did her Primary and Secondary Education in Harare,Zimbabwe. Katedza graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English from McGill University, Canada in 1995.In 2008 Katedza received the Chevening Scholarship that enabled her to further her studies in film. Shealso holds a MA in Filmmaking from Goldsmiths College, London University.Work and filmographyKatedzahas experience in Film and TV Production, Directing, Writing as well as Producing and presenting Radioshows. From 1994 to 2000, She produced and presented radio shows on Women's issues, Arts andCulture, Hip Hop and Acid Jazz for the CKUT (Montreal) and ZBC Radio 3 (Zimbabwe). From 2004 - 2006,she served as the Festival Director of the Zimbabwe International Film Festival. Whilst there, sheproduced the Postcards from Zimbabwe Series. In 2008, Katedza founded Mai Jai Films and has producednumerous films and television productions under the banner namelyTariro (2008);Big House, SmallHouse (2009);The Axe and the Tree (2011);The Team (2011)Playing Warriors (2012)Her early worksinclude:Danai (2002);Postcards from Zimbabwe (2006);Trapped (2006 – Rumbi Katedza, MarcusKorhonen);Asylum (2007);Insecurity Guard (2007)Rumbi Katedza is a part-time lecturer at theUniversity of Zimbabwe, in the department of Theatre Arts. She is a judge and monitor at the NationalArts Merit Awards, responsible for monitoring new film and TV productions throughout the year on behalfof the National Arts Council of Zimbabwe. She has also lobbied Zimbabwean government to activelysupport the film industry.Passage 3:Edward YatesEdward J. Yates (September 16, 1918 – June 2, 2006)was an American television director who was the director of the ABC television program AmericanBandstand from 1952 until 1969.BiographyYates became a still photographer after graduating from highschool in 1936. After serving in World War II, he became employed by Philadelphia's WFIL-TV as a boommicrophone operator. He was later promoted to cameraman (important as most programming was donelive and local during the early years of television) and earned a bachelor's degree in communications in1950 from the University of Pennsylvania.In October 1952, Yates volunteered to direct Bandstand, a newconcept featuring local teens dancing to the latest hits patterned after the "950 Club" on WPEN-AM. Theshow debuted with Bob Horn as host and took off after Dick Clark, already a radio veteran at age 26, tookover in 1956.It was broadcast live in its early years, even after it became part of the ABC network'sweekday afternoon lineup in 1957 as American Bandstand. Yates pulled records, directed the cameras,queued the commercials and communicated with Clark via a private line telephone located on hispodium.In 1964, Clark moved the show to Los Angeles, taking Yates with him.Yates retired fromAmerican Bandstand in 1969, and moved his family to the Philadelphia suburb of West Chester.He died in


Passage 1:Vidkun QuislingVidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonssøn Quisling (, Norwegian: [vdknkvslŋ] (listen); 18 July 1887 – 24 October 1945) was a Norwegian military officer, politician andNazi collaborator who nominally headed the government of Norway during the country's occupation byNazi Germany during World War II.He first came to international prominence as a close collaborator ofthe explorer Fridtjof Nansen, and through organising humanitarian relief during the Russian famine of1921 in Povolzhye. He was posted as a Norwegian diplomat to the Soviet Union and for some time alsomanaged British diplomatic affairs there. He returned to Norway in 1929 and served as minister ofdefence in the governments of Peder Kolstad (1931–32) and Jens Hundseid (1932–33) in representingthe Farmers' Party.In 1933, Quisling left the Farmers' Party and founded the fascist Nasjonal Samling(National Gathering). Although he gained some popularity after his attacks on the political left, his partyfailed to win any seats in the Storting, and by 1940, it was still little more than peripheral. On 9 April1940, with the German invasion of Norway in progress, he attempted to seize power in the world's firstradio-broadcast coup d'état but failed since the Germans sought to convince the recognized Norwegiangovernment to legitimize the German occupation, as had been done in Denmark during the simultaneousinvasion there, instead of recognizing Quisling. On 1 February 1942, he formed a second government,approved by the Germans, and served as minister president and headed the Norwegian stateadministration jointly with the German civilian administrator, Josef Terboven. His pro-Nazi puppetgovernment, known as the Quisling regime, was dominated by ministers from Nasjonal Samling. Thecollaborationist government participated in Germany's war efforts, and sent Jews out of the country toconcentration camps in occupied Poland (General Government).Quisling was put on trial during the legalpurge in Norway after World War II. He was found guilty of charges including embezzlement, murder andhigh treason against the Norwegian state, and was sentenced to death. He was executed by firing squadat Akershus Fortress, Oslo, on 24 October 1945.Since his death, Quisling has become one of history'smost infamous traitors due to his collaboration with Nazi Germany. The term quisling has become abyword for "collaborator" or "traitor" in several languages and reflects the contempt with which Quisling'sconduct has been regarded both at the time and in the present day.Early lifeBackgroundVidkun AbrahamLauritz Jonssøn Quisling (Norwegian pronunciation ) was born on 18 July 1887 in Fyresdal, in theNorwegian county of Telemark. He was the son of Church of Norway pastor and genealogist Jon LauritzQvisling (1844–1930) and his wife Anna Caroline Bang (1860–1941), the daughter of Jørgen Bang,ship-owner and at the time the richest man in the town of Grimstad in South Norway. The elder Quislinghad lectured in Grimstad in the 1870s; one of his pupils was Bang, whom he married on 28 May 1886,following a long engagement. The newly-wed couple promptly moved to Fyresdal, where Vidkun and hisyounger siblings were born.The family name derives from Quislinus, a Latinised name invented byQuisling's ancestor Lauritz Ibsen Quislin (1634–1703), based on the village of Kvislemark near Slagelse,Denmark, whence he had emigrated. Having two brothers and a sister, the young Quisling was "shy andquiet but also loyal and helpful, always friendly, occasionally breaking into a warm smile." Private letterslater found by historians also indicate a warm and affectionate relationship between the family members.From 1893 to 1900, his father was a chaplain for the Strømsø borough in Drammen. Here, Vidkun wentto school for the first time. He was bullied by other students at the school for his Telemark dialect, butproved a successful student. In 1900, the family moved to Skien when his father was appointed provostof the city.Academically Quisling proved talented in humanities, particularly history, and natural sciences;he specialised in mathematics. At this point, however, his life had no clear direction. In 1905, Quislingenrolled at the Norwegian Military Academy, having received the highest entrance examination score ofthe 250 applicants that year. Transferring in 1906 to the Norwegian Military College, he graduated withthe highest score since the college's inception in 1817, and was rewarded by an audience with the King.On 1 November 1911, he joined the army General Staff. Norway was neutral in the First World War;Quisling detested the peace movement, though the high human cost of the war did temper his views. InMarch 1918, he was sent to Russia as an attaché at the Norwegian legation in Petrograd, to take


Passage 1:Gülbahar Hatun (wife of Mehmed II)Emine Gülbahar Mükrime Hatun (Ottoman Turkish:    ; "benign", "spring rose" and "hospitable"; died c. 1492), was consort of Sultan Mehmed II, and mother of Sultan Bayezid II.Early lifeThe Ottoman inscription (vakfiye) describes her as Hātun binti Abdullah (Daughter of Abdullah), which means that her father was possibly a convert to Islam. She was a Christian slave girl of either Greek, or Albanian, origin.MarriageGülbahar married Mehmed in 1446, when he was still a prince and the governor of Amasya. She had two children, a son, Şehzade Bayezid (future Bayezid II) born in 1447 in Demotika, and a daughter, Gevherhan Hatun, born in 1446, who married Ughurlu Muhammad, a son of Aq Qoyunlu Sultan Uzun Hasan in 1474.Due to their middle name in common, Gülbahar is sometimes confused with Sittişah Mukrime Hatun, another consort of MehmedIn 1451, after Mehmed's accession to the throne, she followed him to Edirne. According to Turkish tradition, all princes were expected to work as provincial governors as a part of their training. In 1455 or 1456, Bayezid was appointed the governor of Amasya, and Gülbahar accompanied him, where the two remained until 1481, except for in 1457, when she came to Constantinople, and attended her son's circumcision ceremony.Gülbahar was apparently quite concerned about the future of her son, and related to that, her own properties. In order to secure her properties, she endowed the incomes of certain villages and fields to the Enderun mosque in 1474. Among the endowed properties was the village of Ağılcık, which was turned back into a Timariot village in 1479 during the land reform.In 1468, Mehmed gave the village of Bağluca to Gülbahar. After six years, in 1473, she sold the village to Taceddin Bey, son of Hamza Bali (died 1486), the book keeper of Bayezid's court. In 1478, the village's exemption was abolished and granted back to her probably as a result of the land reform. This order was reissued a year later at the request of Mevlana Şemseddin Ahmed according to which the village was not reverted to her, and she had likely become subject to a legal dispute.Mother of the SultanPer custom, Gülbahar got the highest position in the imperial family after the sultan himself when her son, Bayezid ascended the throne in 1481 until her death in 1492. During her son's reign, she and the rest of the Imperial Family resided at the Old Palace (saray-ı atik) and were visited by the Sultan who on each visit used to pay his respect to his mother. In one case, Gülbahar complained of her son's rare visits and in a letter to her son wrote: "My fortune, I miss you. Even if you don't miss me, I miss you ... Come and let me see you. My dear lord, if you are going on campaign soon, come once or twice at least so that I may see your fortune-favored face before you go. It's been forty days since I last saw you. My sultan, please forgive my boldness. Who else do I have beside you . .. ?"Gülbahar had a considerable influence over Bayezid, for she used to make evaluations about the situation of some statesmen. Bayezid also valued his mother's words. In a letter written to him, she advises him against Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha, but favours his tutor Ayas Pasha and Hizirbeyoğlu Mehmed Pasha.In 1485, Bayezid endowed a mosque, and a school in Tokat in the memory of Gülbahar Hatun.DeathGülbahar Hatun died in 1492, and was buried in Fatih Mosque, Istanbul. The tomb was damaged in the 1766 Istanbul earthquake, and was rebuilt in 1767–1768.IssueWith Mehmed II, Gülbahar Hatun had at least a daughter and a son:Gevherhan Hatun (c. 1446 - 1514).Bayezid II (1447 - 1512).In popular cultureIn the 2012 film Fetih 1453, Gülbahar Hatun is portrayed by Turkish actress Şahika Koldemir.In the 2013 Turkish series Fatih, Gülbahar Hatun is portrayed by Turkish actress Seda Akman.In the second season of Netflix's Rise of Empires: Ottoman (2020-2022), Gülbahar Hatun is portrayed by actress Yasemin Eti.See alsoOttoman EmpireOttoman dynastyList of consorts of the Ottoman SultansPassage 2:Hüma HatunHüma Hatun (Ottoman Turkish:  , "bird of paradise/phoenix" c. 1410  September 1449) was a consort of Ottoman Sultan Murad II and mother of Mehmed II.LifeAlthough, some Turkish sources claim that she was of Turkish origin, Hüma Hatun was a slave girl of European origin. Nothing is known of her family background, apart from the fact that an Ottoman inscription (vakfiye) describes her as Hātun binti Abdullah (daughter of Abdullah); at that time, people who converted to Islam were given the name Abdullah meaning Servant of God, which is evidence of her non-Muslim origin. According to tradition, she was of Italian and/or Jewish origins and her original name was Stella or Ester. According to another theory, backed on the fact that Mehmed II was fluent in the


Passage 1:Mehdi AbrishamchiMehdi Abrishamchi (Persian:   born in 1947 inTehran) is a high-ranking member of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK).Early lifeAbrishamchi camefrom a well-known anti-Shah bazaari family in Tehran, and participated in June 5, 1963, demonstrationsin Iran. He became a member of Hojjatieh, and left it to join the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) in1969. In 1972 he was imprisoned for being a MEK member, and spent time in jail until1979.CareerShortly after Iranian Revolution, he became one of the senior members of the MEK. He isnow an official in the National Council of Resistance of Iran.Electoral historyPersonal lifeAbrishamchi wasmarried to Maryam Rajavi from 1980 to 1985. Shortly after, he married Mousa Khiabani's younger sisterAzar.LegacyAbrishamchi credited Massoud Rajavi for saving the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iranafter the "great schism".Passage 2:På solsidenPå solsiden (On the Sunny Side) is a Norwegiancomedy-drama film from 1956 directed by Edith Carlmar. It stars Arne Lie, Randi Kolstad, Henny Moan,Ellen Isefiær, and Joachim Holst-Jensen. The film is based on Helge Krog's 1927 play of the samename.PlotOn a warm summer day, the writer Joachim Bris comes to the Riibe estate. He has been invitedby Hartvig, the son running the farm. However, not everyone is happy with the visit, which hasunexpected consequences for several people in the family. All of them have a part to play when Esthermust eventually have a big showdown with those that have always lived "on the sunny side."Receptionand reissueWhen the film premiered in 1956, the newspaper Aftenavisen Stavangeren characterized it as"a truly amiable, sunny, and charming comedy." The film was released on DVD  in 2005 by NordiskFilm.OtherThe 1936 Swedish film På Solsidan (On the Sunny Side) was also based on Krog's play. It hada script written by Oscar Hemberg and was directed by Gustaf Molander. The film starred Lars Hanson,Ingrid Bergman, Karin Swanström, and Edvin Adolphson.CastArne Lie: landowner Hartvig RiibeEllenIsefiær: Margrethe, Hartvig's motherRandi Kolstad: Ester Riibe, Hartvig's wifeHenny Moan: Wenche,Hartvig's sisterJoachim Holst-Jensen: Uncle SeverinFrank Robert: Joakim BrisJan Voigt: PrebenKlingbergLalla Carlsen: woman in a boatMinor roles are also played by Otto Carlmar, Haakon Arnold,Ragnar Olason, Odd Johansen, and Odd Rohde.Passage 3:Princess Auguste of Bavaria(1875–1964)Princess Auguste of Bavaria (German: Auguste Maria Luise Prinzessin von Bayern; 28 April1875 – 25 June 1964) was a member of the Bavarian Royal House of Wittelsbach and the spouse ofArchduke Joseph August of Austria.Birth and familyAuguste was born in Munich, Bavaria, the second childof Prince Leopold of Bavaria and his wife, Archduchess Gisela of Austria. She had one older sister,Princess Elisabeth Marie of Bavaria and two younger brothers, Prince Georg of Bavaria and Prince Konradof Bavaria.Marriage and issueShe married Joseph August, Archduke of Austria, on 15 November 1893 inMunich. The couple had six children;Archduke Joseph Francis of Austria, born on 28 March 1895; died on25 September 1957(1957-09-25) (aged 62)Archduchess Gisela Auguste Anna Maria, born on 5 July1897; died on 30 March 1901(1901-03-30) (aged 3)Archduchess Sophie Klementine Elisabeth KlothildeMaria, born on 11 March 1899; died on 19 April 1978(1978-04-19) (aged 79)Archduke Ladislaus Luitpold,born on 3 January 1901; died on 29 August 1946(1946-08-29) (aged 44)Archduke Matthias JosephAlbrecht Anton Ignatius, born on 26 June 1904; died on 7 October 1905(1905-10-07) (aged1)Archduchess Magdalena Maria Raineria, born on 6 September 1909; died on 11 May 2000(2000-05-11)(aged 90)AncestryWorld War IOn the outbreak of war with Italy in 1915, Augusta Maria Louise, though inher 40s and the mother of a son serving as an officer, went to the front with the cavalry regiment ofwhich her husband, the Archduke Josef August, a corps commander, was honorary colonel, and served acommon soldier, wearing a saber and riding astride, until the end of the war.Passage 4:EdithCarlmarEdith Carlmar (born Edith Mary Johanne Mathiesen) (15 November 1911 – 17 May 2003) was aNorwegian actress and Norway's first female film director. She is known for films such as Aldri annet ennbråk (1954), Fjols til fjells (1957), and Ung flukt (The Wayward Girl, 1959). Her 1949 film, Døden er etkjærtegn (Death is a Caress), is considered to be Norway's first film noir. The last film she directed, Ungflukt, introduced Liv Ullmann, Norway's most famous actor internationally, to the silver screen.Carlmarcame from a poor family in the working class districts of East Oslo. However, she did manage to take


Passage 1:Etan BoritzerEtan Boritzer (born 1950) is an American writer of children’s literature who is bestknown for his book What is God? first published in 1989. His best selling What is? illustrated children'sbook series on character education and difficult subjects for children is a popular teaching guide forparents, teachers and child-life professionals.Boritzer gained national critical acclaim after What is God?was published in 1989 although the book has caused controversy from religious fundamentalists for itsuniversalist views. The other current books in the What is? series include: What is Love?, What is Death?,What is Beautiful?, What is Funny?, What is Right?, What is Peace?, What is Money?, What is Dreaming?,What is a Friend?, What is True?, What is a Family?, and What is a Feeling? The series is now alsotranslated into 15 languages.Boritzer was first published in 1963 at the age of 13 when he wrote an essayin his English class at Wade Junior High School in the Bronx, New York on the assassination of John F.Kennedy. His essay was included in a special anthology by New York City public school children compiledand published by the New York City Department of Education.Boritzer now lives in Venice, California andmaintains his publishing office there also. He has helped numerous other authors to get publishedthrough How to Get Your Book Published! programs. Boritzer is also a yoga teacher who teaches regularclasses locally and guest-teaches nationally. He is also recognized nationally as an erudite speaker on TheTeachings of the Buddha.Passage 2:Catherine of Bosnia, Baness of SlavoniaCatherine KotromanićBabonić (Serbo-Croatian: Katarina Kotromanić) (? – after 1310) was Princess of Bosnia and Baness ofSlavonia by marriage.Catherine was child of Prijezda I Kotromanić and his wife Elizabeth of Slavonia. Herbrothers were Vuk, Prijezda and Stephen. Catherine was married to Stpehen III Babonić. They had twosons: Ladislav (fl. 1293)Stephen V (fl. 1293)Catherine and her husband were given Zemunik Fortress inVrbas area by Prijezda I in spring 1287. Catherine was Baness of Slavonia from 1310 to 1316.Passage3:Albert Thompson (footballer, born 1912)Albert Thompson (born 1912, date of death unknown) was aWelsh footballer.CareerThompson was born in Llanbradach, Wales, and joined Bradford Park Avenue fromBarry Town in 1934. After making 11 appearances and scoring two goals in the league for Bradford, hejoined York City in 1936. He was York City's top scorer for the 1936–37 season, with 28 goals. He joinedSwansea Town in 1937, after making 29 appearances and scoring 28 goals for York. After making 4appearances in the league for Swansea, he joined Wellington Town.== Notes ==Passage 4:Bill Smith(footballer, born 1897)William Thomas Smith (9 April 1897 – after 1924) was an English professionalfootballer.CareerDuring his amateur career, Smith played in 17 finals, and captained the Third Army teamin Germany when he was stationed in Koblenz after the armistice during the First World War. He startedhis professional career with Hull City in 1921. After making no appearances for the club, he joinedLeadgate Park. He joined Durham City in 1921, making 33 league appearances in the club's first seasonin the Football League.He joined York City in the Midland League in July 1922, where he scored the club'sfirst goal in that competition. He made 75 appearances for the club in the Midland League and fiveappearances in the FA Cup before joining Stockport County in 1925, where he made no leagueappearances.Passage 5:Andrew, Duke of SlavoniaAndrew, Duke of Slavonia (Hungarian: Andrásszlavóniai herceg; 1268–1278) was the youngest son of King Stephen V of Hungary and his wife,Elizabeth the Cuman. Two rebellious lords kidnapped him in 1274 in an attempt to play him off againsthis brother, Ladislaus IV of Hungary, but the king's supporters liberated him. He was styled "Duke ofSlavonia and Croatia" in a 1274 letter. Years after his death (in 1290 and in 1317), two adventurersclaimed to be identical with Andrew, but both failed.FamilyAndrew was born in 1268. He was the secondson (and youngest child) of Stephen V, the junior king of Hungary at the time of Andrew's birth. Thesenior king was Andrew's grandfather Béla IV. Andrew's mother was Stephen's wife, Elizabeth theCuman.Andrew's father, Stephen, became the sole King of Hungary in 1270, but died two years later.Stephen was succeeded by his elder son (Andrew's ten-year-old brother) Ladislaus IV. In theory,Ladislaus's ruled under the regency of his mother, Elizabeth, but in fact, competing parties of the mostwealthy noble families, including the Csáks and Kőszegis, were fighting against each other for the controlof government.Duke of SlavoniaHenry Kőszegi, the Ban of Slavonia, and his ally, Joachim Gutkeled, the


Passage 1:Where Was I"Where Was I?" may refer to:Books"Where Was I?", essay by David Hawley Sanford from The Mind's IWhere Was I?, book by John Haycraft 2006Where was I?!, book by Terry Wogan 2009Film and TVWhere Was I? (film), 1925 film directed by William A. Seiter. With Reginald Denny, Marian Nixon, Pauline Garon, Lee Moran.Where Was I? (2001 film), biography about songwriter Tim RoseWhere Was I? (TV series) 1952–1953 Quiz show with the panelists attempting to guess a location by looking at photos"Where Was I?" episode of Shoestring (TV series) 1980Music"Where was I", song by W. Franke Harling and Al Dubin performed by Ruby Newman and His Orchestra  with vocal chorus by  Larry Taylor and Peggy McCall  1939"Where Was I", single from Charley Pride discography 1988"Where Was I" (song), a 1994 song by Ricky Van Shelton"Where Was I (Donde Estuve Yo)", song by Joe Pass from Simplicity (Joe Pass album)"Where Was I?", song by Guttermouth from The Album Formerly Known as a Full Length LP (Guttermouth album)"Where Was I", song by Sawyer Brown (Billy Maddox, Paul Thorn, Anne Graham) from Can You Hear Me Now 2002"Where Was I?", song  by  Kenny Wayne Shepherd from Live On   1999"Where Was I", song by Melanie Laine (Victoria Banks, Steve Fox) from Time Flies (Melanie Laine album)"Where Was I", song by Rosie Thomas from With Love (Rosie Thomas album)Passage 2:Bayezid IIBayezid II (Ottoman Turkish:  , romanized: Bāyezīd-i sānī; Turkish: II. Bayezid; 3 December 1447 – 26 May 1512) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512. During his reign, Bayezid consolidated the Ottoman Empire, thwarted a Safavid rebellion and finally abdicated his throne to his son, Selim I. Bayezid evacuated Sephardi Jews from Spain after the proclamation of the Alhambra Decree and resettled them throughout Ottoman lands, especially in Salonica.Early lifeBayezid II was the son of Mehmed II (1432–1481) and Gülbahar Hatun, an Albanian concubine.There are sources that claim that Bayezid was the son of Sittişah Hatun, due to the two women's common middle name, Mükrime. This would make Ayşe Hatun, one of Bayezid's consorts, a first cousin of Bayezid II. However, the marriage of Sittişah Hatun took place two years after Bayezid was born and the whole arrangement was not to Mehmed's liking.Born in Demotika, Bayezid II was educated in Amasya and later served there as a bey for 27 years. In 1473, he fought in the Battle of Otlukbeli against the Aq Qoyunlu.Fight for the throneBayezid II's overriding concern was the quarrel with his brother Cem Sultan, who claimed the throne and sought military backing from the Mamluks in Egypt. Karamani Mehmed Pasha, latest grand vizier of Mehmed II, informed him of the death of the Sultan and invited Bayezid to ascend the throne. Having been defeated by his brother's armies, Cem sought protection from the Knights of St. John in Rhodes. Eventually, the Knights handed Cem over to Pope Innocent VIII (1484–1492). The Pope thought of using Cem as a tool to drive the Turks out of Europe, but as the papal crusade failed to come to fruition, Cem died in Naples.ReignBayezid II ascended the Ottoman throne in 1481. Like his father, Bayezid II was a patron of western and eastern culture. Unlike many other sultans, he worked hard to ensure a smooth running of domestic politics, which earned him the epithet of "the Just". Throughout his reign, Bayezid II engaged in numerous campaigns to conquer the Venetian possessions in Morea, accurately defining this region as the key to future Ottoman naval power in the Eastern Mediterranean. In 1497, he went to war with Poland and decisively defeated the 80,000 strong Polish army during the Moldavian campaign. The last of these wars ended in 1501 with Bayezid II in control of the whole Peloponnese. Rebellions in the east, such as that of the Qizilbash, plagued much of Bayezid II's reign and were often backed by the shah of Persia, Ismail I, who was eager to promote Shi'ism to undermine the authority of the Ottoman state. Ottoman authority in Anatolia was indeed seriously threatened during this period and at one point Bayezid II's vizier, Hadım Ali Pasha, was killed in battle against the Şahkulu rebellion. Hadım Ali Pasha's death prompted a power vacuum. As a result, many important statesmen secretly pledged allegiance to Kinsman Karabœcu Pasha (Turkish: "Karaböcü Kuzen Paşa") who made his reputation in conducting espionage operations during the Fall of Constantinople in his youth.Jewish and Muslim immigrationIn July 1492, the new state of Spain expelled its Jewish and Muslim populations as part of the Spanish Inquisition. Bayezid II sent out the Ottoman Navy under the command of admiral Kemal Reis to Spain in 1492 in order to evacuate them safely to Ottoman lands. He sent out proclamations throughout the empire that the


Passage 1:Steele of the Royal MountedSteele of the Royal Mounted is a 1925 American silent Westernfilm directed by David Smith and starring Bert Lytell, Stuart Holmes and Charlotte Merriam. It is based ona novel by James Oliver Curwood about the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and was shot on location inthe San Bernardino National Forest.PlotAs described in a film magazine review, Isobel, an Eastern youngwoman, introduces Philip Steele to her father Colonel Becker, but as a trick implies that her father is herhusband. Philip becomes disillusioned and goes to Canada and joins the North-West Mounted Police. Herehe pursues a bad man. In the meantime, the young woman seeks him out so she can explain the mistakeshe made. When she finds him, he has bagged his man, and there is a reconciliation.CastPassage2:Rumbi KatedzaRumbi Katedza is a Zimbabwean Film Producer and Director who was born on 17January 1974.Early life and educationShe did her Primary and Secondary Education in Harare, Zimbabwe.Katedza graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English from McGill University, Canada in 1995. In 2008Katedza received the Chevening Scholarship that enabled her to further her studies in film. She also holdsa MA in Filmmaking from Goldsmiths College, London University.Work and filmographyKatedza hasexperience in Film and TV Production, Directing, Writing as well as Producing and presenting Radioshows. From 1994 to 2000, She produced and presented radio shows on Women's issues, Arts andCulture, Hip Hop and Acid Jazz for the CKUT (Montreal) and ZBC Radio 3 (Zimbabwe). From 2004 - 2006,she served as the Festival Director of the Zimbabwe International Film Festival. Whilst there, sheproduced the Postcards from Zimbabwe Series. In 2008, Katedza founded Mai Jai Films and has producednumerous films and television productions under the banner namelyTariro (2008);Big House, SmallHouse (2009);The Axe and the Tree (2011);The Team (2011)Playing Warriors (2012)Her early worksinclude:Danai (2002);Postcards from Zimbabwe (2006);Trapped (2006 – Rumbi Katedza, MarcusKorhonen);Asylum (2007);Insecurity Guard (2007)Rumbi Katedza is a part-time lecturer at theUniversity of Zimbabwe, in the department of Theatre Arts. She is a judge and monitor at the NationalArts Merit Awards, responsible for monitoring new film and TV productions throughout the year on behalfof the National Arts Council of Zimbabwe. She has also lobbied Zimbabwean government to activelysupport the film industry.Passage 3:Beauty No. 2Beauty No. 2 is a 1965 American avant-garde film bydirected by Andy Warhol and starring Edie Sedgwick and Gino Piserchio. Chuck Wein also has a role in thefilm but never appears onscreen. Wein wrote the scenario and is also credited as assistantdirector.SynopsisThe movie has a fixed point of view showing a bed with two characters on it, Sedgwickand Piserchio. The film's writer, Chuck Wein is heard speaking but is just out of view. Sedgwick is wearinga lace bra and panties, and Piserchio, wearing only jockey shorts, engage in flirting and light kissing.Wein asks Sedgwick questions seemingly designed to harass and annoy her. Piserchio is more or less abystander not interacting with Wein.The dialogue was ad-libbed and no conclusions are reached in thefilm. The only conceivable climax is when Sedgwick finally becomes so mad at Wein's taunts, she throwsa glass ashtray at Wein, breaking it.ReceptionBeauty No. 2 was filmed in June 1965 and premiered at theCinematheque at the Astor Place Playhouse in New York City on July 17, 1965. Critical reviews weregenerally positive with some critics compared Edie Sedgwick's screen presence to Marilyn Monroe.SeealsoList of American films of 1965Andy Warhol filmographyFootnotesExternal linksBeauty No. 2 atIMDbBeauty No. 2 at AllMoviePassage 4:Beauty No. 1Beauty No. 1 is a 1965 film by Andy Warhol starringEdie Sedgwick, Kip Stagg a.k.a.Bima Stagg, and Chuck Wein.Synopsis and backgroundBeauty No. 1 is aprecursor to Andy Warhol's better known follow up, Beauty No. 2 and was originally titled Beauty.Themovie features Edie Sedgwick, Chuck Wein, and Kip Stagg, a.k.a. Bima Stagg. The film has a fixed pointof view showing a bed with two characters on it, Sedgwick and Stagg. Chuck Wein is heard speaking butis just out of view. Sedgwick, in a skimpy outfit of bra and panties, and Stagg, wearing only jockeyshorts, engage in flirting and light kissing. Wein asks Sedgwick questions seemingly designed to harassand annoy her. Stagg is more or less a bystander not interacting with Wein.After dissatisfaction withperformances in the first shoot, Warhol re-cast and re-shot Beauty as Beauty No. 2, with Edie Sedgwick,Chuck Wein and Gino Piserchio reprising the role of Kip Stagg.The dialogue seems as if it were created ad


Passage 1:Kaoru HatoyamaKaoru Hatoyama ( , Hatoyama Kaoru, 21 November 1888 – 15 August 1982) was an educator and an administrator, the schoolmaster of Kyoritsu Women's University, which was founded by her mother-in-law, Haruko Hatoyama. She is well known as the wife of Ichirō Hatoyama, who was the 52nd–54th Prime Minister of Japan, serving terms from December 10, 1954 through December 23, 1956. She was the mother of Iichirō Hatoyama, who was Japan's Foreign Minister from 1976 through 1977.After the elections of 2009, she became more widely known as the grandmother of Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama and his politician brother Kunio Hatoyama.See alsoHatoyama Hall (Hatoyama Kaikan)NotesPassage 2:Prince Feodor Alexandrovich of RussiaPrince Feodor Alexandrovich of Russia (Russian: Фёдор Александрович Романов; 23 December [O.S. 11 December] 1898 – 30 November 1968) was the second son and third child of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna. He was also a nephew of Nicholas II of Russia, the last emperor of Russia.Born and raised in Imperial Russia during the reign of his uncle Nicholas II, he followed a military career and entered the Corps of Pages during World War I. With the fall of the Russian monarchy, he escaped the fate of many of his relatives killed by the Bolsheviks fleeing to his parents estate in Crimea. For a time, he was under house arrest there with a large group of family members. They left Russia on 11 April 1919. In exile, he settled in France where he married Princess Irina Pavlovna Paley, his distant cousin. The couple divorced in 1936. Afflicted with tuberculosis, Prince Feodor moved to England with his mother spending the years of World War II there. After the war ended, he settled permanently in the south of France.Russian princePrince Feodor Alexandrovich Romanov was born at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Russian Empire on 23 December 1898. He was the second son and third child among seven siblings. Although a grandson of Emperor Alexander III through his mother, he was not entitled to the title Grand Duke of Russia because he was only a great-grandson of Emperor Nicholas I in the male line through his father. He spent his early years in Imperial Russia. Following family tradition, he began a military career. During World War I he entered the Corps of Pages.At the fall of the Russian monarchy, he looked for refuge with his family in his father's property in Crimea. They lived there undisturbed until the rise to power of the Bolsheviks with the October Revolution in 1917. For some time, Prince Feodor was under house arrest in Ai-Todor and later at Dulber imprisoned with his parents, siblings, grandmother the Dowager Empress and many more Romanov relatives.Prince Feodor, and his relatives in the Crimea, escaped the fate of a number of his Romanov cousins who were murdered by the Bolsheviks when they were freed by German troops in 1918. He left Russia on 11 April 1919 abroad the Royal Navy ship HMS Marlborough and moved   to England and later to France.Life in exileDuring his first years in exile, Prince Feodor lived in Paris in the apartment of his sister Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia and her husband Prince Felix Yusupov. He worked as a taxi driver, and later as an architect.Prince Feodor married on 3 June 1923 in St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Paris, Princess Irina Paley (1903–1990), his first cousin once removed. She was a daughter of Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia and his morganatic wife Princess Olga Paley. The couple had one son:Prince Michael Feodorovich (Paris 4 May 1924 – 22 September 2008); married 1st Paris 15 Oct 1958 (divorced 1992) Helga Staufenberger (born Vienna, 22 August 1926); m. 2nd Josse 15 January 1994 Maria de las Mercedes Ustrell-Cabani (b. Hospitalet, Spain 26 August 1960). Michael died on the same day as his cousin, Prince Michael Andreevich of Russia.Prince Feodor and his wife lived separated in 1930. Princess Irina began a relationship with Count Hubert de Monbrison (15 August 1892 – 14 April 1981) and had a daughter with him while still married to Prince Feodor, who recognized the child as his.Prince Feodor Alexandrovich and Princess Irina divorced on 22 July 1936. He did not remarry and spent World War II in England at the home of his mother. By 1941 he was seriously ill with tuberculosis and had to stay for long periods in sanatoriums to recuperate. During the war years, he had sporadic contact with his son who remained in the south of France with Feodor's ex-wife. After the war ended, to improve his health and to stay closer to his son, Prince Feodor settled in the south of France at the villa of his sister Princess Irina Alexandrovna. He lived there for the rest of his life. With very limited income of his own and too ill to work, his ex-wife and his sister helped with the medical bills. Prince Feodor Alexandrovich died on


Passage 1:Place of originIn Switzerland, the place of origin (German: Heimatort or Bürgerort, literally"home place" or "citizen place"; French: Lieu d'origine; Italian: Luogo di attinenza) denotes where aSwiss citizen has their municipal citizenship, usually inherited from previous generations. It is not to beconfused with the place of birth or  place of residence, although two or all three of these locations may beidentical depending on the person's circumstances.Acquisition of municipal citizenshipSwiss citizenshiphas three tiers. For a person applying to naturalise as a Swiss citizen, these tiers are as follows:Municipalcitizenship, granted by the place of residence after fulfilling several preconditions, such as sufficientknowledge of the local language, integration into local society, and a minimum number of years lived insaid municipality.Cantonal (state) citizenship, for which a Swiss municipal citizenship is required. Thisrequires a certain number of years lived in said canton.Country citizenship, for which both of the aboveare required, also requires a certain number of years lived in Switzerland (except for people married to aSwiss citizen, who may obtain simplified naturalisation without having to reside in Switzerland), andinvolves a criminal background check.The last two kinds of citizenship are a mere formality, whilemunicipal citizenship is the most significant step in becoming a Swiss citizen. Nowadays the place ofresidence determines the municipality where citizenship is acquired, for a new applicant, whereaspreviously there was a historical reason for preserving the municipal citizenship from earlier generationsin the family line, namely to specify which municipality held the responsibility of providing social welfare.The law has now been changed, eliminating this form of allocating responsibility to a municipality otherthan that of the place of residence. Care needs to be taken when translating the term in Swiss documentswhich list the historical "Heimatort" instead of the usual place of birth and place of residence.However,any Swiss citizen can apply for a second, a third or even more municipal citizenships for prestige reasonsor to show their connection to the place they currently live – and thus have several places of origin. Asthe legal significance of the place of origin has waned (see below), Swiss citizens can often apply formunicipal citizenship for no more than 100 Swiss francs after having lived in the same municipality forone or two years. In the past, it was common to have to pay between 2,000 and 4,000 Swiss francs as acitizenship fee, because of the financial obligations incumbent on the municipality to grant thecitizenship.A child born to two Swiss parents is automatically granted the citizenship of the parent whoselast name they hold, so the child gets either the mother's or the father's place of origin. A child born toone Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the citizenship, and thus the place of origin, of theSwiss parent.International confusionAlmost uniquely in the world (with the exception of Japan, which listsone's Registered Domicile; and Sweden, which lists the mother's place of domicile as place of birth), theSwiss identity card, passport and driving licence do not show the holder's birthplace, but only their placeof origin. The vast majority of countries show the holder's actual birthplace on identity documents. Thiscan lead to administrative issues for Swiss citizens abroad when asked to demonstrate their actual placeof birth, as no such information exists on any official Swiss identification documents. Only a minority ofSwiss citizens have a place of origin identical to their birthplace. More confusion comes into play throughthe fact that people can have more than one place of origin.Significance and historyA citizen of amunicipality does not enjoy a larger set of rights than a non-citizen of the same municipality. To vote incommunal, cantonal or national matters, only the current place of residence matters – or in the case ofcitizens abroad, the last Swiss place of residence.The law previously required that a citizen's place oforigin continued to bear all their social welfare costs for two years after the citizen moved away. In 2012,the National Council voted by 151 to 9 votes to abolish this law. The place of domicile is now the solepayer of welfare costs.In 1923, 1937, 1959 and 1967, more cantons signed treaties that assured that theplace of domicile had to pay welfare costs instead of the place of origin, reflecting the fact that fewer andfewer people lived in their place of origin (1860: 59%, in 1910: 34%).In 1681, the Tagsatzung – the thenSwiss parliament – decided that beggars should be deported to their place of origin, especially if theywere insufficiently cared for by their residential community.In the 19th century, Swiss municipalities evenoffered free emigration to the United States if the Swiss citizen agreed to renounce municipal citizenship,


Passage 1:Olav AaraasOlav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director.Hewas born in Fredrikstad. From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the NorwegianMuseum of Cultural History. In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St.Olav.Passage 2:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaitingfor Lucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986)(mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990)(mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)NotQuite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor BlakeMysteries (2013)Passage 3:Jesse E. HobsonJesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970)was the director of SRI International from 1947 to 1955. Prior to SRI, he was the director of the ArmourResearch Foundation.Early life and educationHobson was born in Marshall, Indiana. He receivedbachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electricalengineering from the California Institute of Technology. Hobson was also selected as a nationallyoutstanding engineer.Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had fivechildren.CareerAwards and membershipsHobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948.Passage 4:JasonMoore (director)Jason Moore (born October 22, 1970) is an American director of film, theatre andtelevision.Life and careerJason Moore was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas, and studied at NorthwesternUniversity. Moore's Broadway career began as a resident director of Les Misérables at the ImperialTheatre in during its original run. He is the son of Fayetteville District Judge Rudy Moore.In March 2003,Moore directed the musical Avenue Q, which opened Off-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatre and thenmoved to Broadway at the John Golden Theatre in July 2003.  He was nominated for a 2004 Tony Awardfor his direction. Moore also directed productions of the musical in Las Vegas and London and the show'snational tour. Moore directed the 2005 Broadway revival of Steel Magnolias and Shrek the Musical,starring Brian d'Arcy James and Sutton Foster which opened on Broadway in 2008. He directed theconcert of Jerry Springer — The Opera at Carnegie Hall in January 2008.Moore, Jeff Whitty, Jake Shears,and John "JJ" Garden worked together on a new musical based on Armistead Maupin's Tales of the City.The musical premiered at the American Conservatory Theater, San Francisco, California in May 2011 andran through July 2011.For television, Moore has directed episodes of Dawson's Creek, One Tree Hill,Everwood, and Brothers & Sisters. As a writer, Moore adapted the play The Floatplane Notebooks withPaul Fitzgerald from the novel by Clyde Edgerton. A staged reading of the play was presented at the NewPlay Festival at the Charlotte, North Carolina Repertory Theatre in 1996, with a fully staged production in1998.In 2012, Moore made his film directorial debut with Pitch Perfect, starring Anna Kendrick andBrittany Snow. He also served as an executive producer on the sequel. He directed the film Sisters,starring Tina Fey and Amy Poehler, which was released on December 18, 2015. Moore's next project willbe directing a live action Archie movie.FilmographyFilmsPitch Perfect (2012)Sisters (2015)ShotgunWedding (2022)TelevisionSoundtrack writerPitch Perfect 2 (2015) (Also executive producer)The Voice(2015) (1 episode)Passage 5:S. N. MathurS.N. Mathur was the Director of the Indian Intelligence Bureaubetween September 1975 and February 1980. He was also the Director General of Police inPunjab.Passage 6:Dana BlanksteinDana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive directorof the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School. She was appointed by the board of directors  in November2019.  Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television. She is a film director,and an Israeli culture entrepreneur.BiographyDana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatredirector Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein. She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in TelAviv.Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with highhonors. During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina'sTragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners.  She also directed and shot 'the making of' film onGavison's film Lost and Found. Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival,


Passage 1:The Messenger (2009 film)The Messenger is a 2009 war drama film starring Ben Foster,Woody Harrelson, Samantha Morton, Steve Buscemi, and Jena Malone. It is the directorial debut of OrenMoverman, who also wrote the screenplay with Alessandro Camon.The film premiered at the 2009Sundance Film Festival and was in competition at the 59th Berlin International Film Festival where it wonthe Silver Bear for Best Screenplay and the Berlinale Peace Film Award '09. The film received first prizefor the 2009 Deauville American Film Festival. The film has also received four Independent Spirit Awardnominations (including one win), a Golden Globe nomination, and two Oscar nominations.PlotOn leavefrom the Iraq War, Will Montgomery, a U.S. Army staff sergeant, finds that his girlfriend Kelly is engagedto another man. Before he is to be discharged, he is dispatched as a casualty notification officer alongwith Gulf War veteran Captain Tony Stone as his mentor. He is told of the importance of his task byLieutenant Colonel Dorsett as many have failed. Stone then relays the rules of telling next of kin of atragedy. On the job, their first report to the family prompts the mother to slap Stone, as she and hispregnant fiancé weep over the deceased; a man named Dale Martin angrily throws things at Will; awoman who secretly married an enlisted man cries in his arms after learning of her husband's death; aMexican man who is told through a translator about the death of his daughter cries in front of his otherchild; and a woman named Olivia is in considerably less visible pain after learning of her husband's death.Stone suspects it is due to her having an affair.In a bar, Will and Stone discuss their lives to each other.Will talks about his girlfriend rejecting him and tells Stone about his father's death due to drunk driving,along with tales of his estranged mother. Will sees Olivia with her son at a mall buying clothes for herhusband's funeral, breaking up a fight between her and two Army recruiters attempting to enlist boys andgirls, before offering her a ride. He fixes her car and becomes friends with both her and her young sonMatt. After hearing a voicemail from Kelly talking about her upcoming wedding, he punches a holethrough his wall in a fit of rage, which further aggravates his hand. He arrives at Olivia's house and thetwo express affection for each other, but his attempts at physical intimacy are met with hesitancy as shetells him about how her husband mistreated her and her son.When Will comforts a family in a localgrocery store after telling them of their son's fate, Stone physically berates him for it. Will stands up tohis rank by using his first name "Tony"  before walking home on his own. They later make up and spendthe next few days together, where Stone has a hookup and unsuccessfully tries to get Will to do thesame. They end up at Kelly's wedding drunk and make a scene, fight in a parking lot, then wake up in aforest after passing out and go home. Martin is there, and he apologizes for lashing out at Will. In Tony'sapartment, Will tells Tony about his experience with a friend who died while fighting in Iraq - an eventthat resulted in his chronic damage to his left eye - and how he feels his bravery was meaningless as hecould not do anything for him; he contemplated suicide soon after, but stopped himself when he saw thesunrise. Hearing this, Tony breaks down in tears.The next day, Olivia decides to move from her house.She tells Will that she is going with her son to Louisiana; Will tells her he is considering staying in thearmy. He asks Olivia to let him know their new address; she asks him to come with her into thehouse.CastProductionThe Messenger marked the directorial debut of Israeli screenwriter and formerjournalist Oren Moverman.  Though Sydney Pollack, Roger Michell, and Ben Affleck were all attached todirect the movie at various times, when those talks fell through, the producers eventually askedMoverman to helm the project. The filmmakers worked closely with the United States Army and theWalter Reed Medical Center to conduct research on military life, and were specifically advised byLieutenant Colonel Paul Sinor as a technical consultant.ReleaseThe Messenger premiered at the 2009Sundance Film Festival before receiving a limited release in North America in 4 theaters. It grossed$44,523 for an average of $11,131 per theater ranking 46th at the box office, and went on to earn $1.1million domestically and $411,601 internationally for a total of $1.5 million, against its budget of $6.5million.ReceptionCritical responseOn Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 90%, based on162 reviews, with an average rating of 7.51/10. The site's critical consensus states, "A dark but timelysubject is handled deftly by writer/director Owen Moverman and superbly acted by Woody Harrelson and


Passage 1:The Invisible Man (1984 film)The Invisible Man (Russian: Человек-невидимка, romanized:Chelovek-nevidimka) is a 1984 Soviet science fiction film directed by Aleksandr Zakharov based on the1897 eponymous novel by H. G. Wells.PlotDr. Griffin, with no other motive than curiosity, undertakesresearch on the concept of invisibility. Having become invisible, he finds himself in an unfortunatecombination of circumstances consisting of being suspected of murder and hunted down, forced toabandon the notebooks containing the notes of his experiences that would enable him to carry out theopposite process. His former classmate Dr. Kemp promises to find them, but in fact intends to use themhimself in search of absolute power.CastAndrey Kharitonov as  Jonathan Griffin, The InvisibleManRomualdas Ramanauskas (voiced by Sergei Malishevsky) as KempLeonid Kuravlyov as ThomasMarvelNatalia Danilova as Jane BetOleg Golubitsky as Colonel Edai, Chief of PoliceNina Agapova as Mrs.HallViktor Sergachyov as Mr. HallAlexander Pyatkov as Bar ownerPassage 2:The Invisible Man AttacksTheInvisible Man Attacks (Spanish:El Hombre invisible ataca) is a 1967 Argentine comedy film.CastMartinKaradagiánGilda LousekTristanRicardo PassanoJoe rigoliGuillermo BattagliaNathan PinzónGobbi dartMilaDemarieThe Gypsy IvanoffOscar OrleguiSusana MayoExternal linksThe Invisible Man Attacks atIMDbPassage 3:Big PalBig Pal is a 1925 American silent sports drama film directed by John G. Adolfi andstarring William Russell, Julanne Johnston and Mary Carr. It was released in Britain in 1926, distributedby Wardour Films.PlotAs described in a film magazine review, Judge Truscott's daughter Helen spurns hiswealthy lifestyle and goes to do social work in poorer neighborhoods. She is saved from a runaway horseaccident by Dan Williams, champion pugilist, and a warm friendship develops between them. On the eveof a championship battle, Dan's favorite nephew, little Johnny, is abducted by criminals, and Dan isnotified that unless he quits during the fifth round of the boxing match, the lad's life will be sacrificed. Hedecides to lose, but, as the fifth round approaches, Helen appears ringside along with Johnny, who hadescaped his abductors. Dan cuts loose, winning the match and the affections of Helen.CastWilliam Russellas Dan WilliamsJulanne Johnston as Helen TruscottMary Carr as Mary WilliamsMickey Bennett as JohnnyWilliamsHayden Stevenson as Tim WilliamsHenry A. Barrows as Judge TruscottFrank Hagney as BillHoganWilliam Bailey as Undetermined Secondary Role (uncredited)Buck Black as One of the Kids(uncredited)Alison Skipworth as Agatha Briggs, truant officer (uncredited)PreservationA newly restoredcopy of Big Pal exists at the Library of Congress.Passage 4:Abbott and Costello Meet the InvisibleManAbbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man is a 1951 American science fiction comedy film directed byCharles Lamont and starring the team of Abbott and Costello alongside Nancy Guild.The film depicts themisadventures of Lou Francis and Bud Alexander, two private detectives investigating the murder of aboxing promoter. The film was part of a series in which the duo meet classic characters from Universal'sstable, including Frankenstein, the Mummy and the Keystone Kops.PlotLou Francis and Bud Alexanderhave just graduated from a private detective school. Tommy Nelson, a middleweight boxer, comes tothem with their first case. Tommy recently escaped from jail after being accused of murdering hismanager, and asks the duo to accompany him on a visit to his fiancée, Helen Gray. He wants her uncle,Dr. Philip Gray, to inject him with a special serum which will render Tommy invisible, and hopes to usethe newfound invisibility to investigate his manager's murder and prove his innocence. Dr. Grayadamantly refuses, arguing that the serum is still unstable, recalling that the formula's discoverer, JackGriffin, was driven insane by the formula and did not become visible again until after he was killed.However, as the police arrive Tommy injects himself with it and successfully becomes invisible. DetectiveRoberts questions Dr. Gray and Helen while Bud and Lou search for Tommy.Helen and Tommy convinceBud and Lou to help them seek the real killer, after Tommy explains that the motive for the murderoccurred after he refused to "throw" a fight, knocking his opponent, Rocky Hanlon, out cold. Morgan, thepromoter who fixed the fight, ordered Tommy's manager beaten to death while framing Tommy for thecrime. In order to investigate undercover, Lou poses as a boxer, with Bud as his manager. They go toStillwell's gym, where Lou gets in the ring with Rocky. Tommy, still invisible, gets into the ring with themand again knocks out Hanlon, making it look like Lou did it, and an official match is arranged. Needing to


Passage 1:Lương Hoàng NamLương Hoàng Nam (born 2 March 1997) is a Vietnamese footballer whoplays as a central midfielder for V.League 1 club Hải Phòng.HonoursCông An Nhân DânV.League 2:2022Passage 2:John McMahon (Surrey and Somerset cricketer)John William Joseph McMahon (28December 1917 – 8 May 2001) was an Australian-born first-class cricketer who played for Surrey andSomerset County Cricket Clubs in England from 1947 to 1957.Surrey cricketerMcMahon was an orthodoxleft-arm spin bowler with much variation in speed and flight who was spotted by Surrey playing in clubcricket in North London and brought on to the county's staff for the 1947 season at the age of 29. In thefirst innings of his first match, against Lancashire at The Oval, he took five wickets for 81 runs.In his firstfull season, 1948, he was Surrey's leading wicket-taker and in the last home game of the season he wasawarded his county cap – he celebrated by taking eight Northamptonshire wickets for 46 runs at TheOval, six of them coming in the space of 6.3 overs for seven runs. This would remain the best bowlingperformance of his first-class career, not surpassed, but he did equal it seven years later. In the followinggame, the last away match of the season, he took 10 Hampshire wickets for 150 runs in the match atBournemouth. In the 1948 season as a whole, he took 91 wickets at an average of 28.07. As a tail-endleft-handed batsman, he managed just 93 runs in the season at an average of 4.22.The emergence ofTony Lock as a slow left-arm bowler in 1949 brought a stuttering end of McMahon's Surrey career.Though he played in 12 first-class matches in the 1949 season, McMahon took only 19 wickets; a similarnumber of matches in 1950 brought 34 wickets. In 1951, he played just seven times and in 1952 onlythree times. In 1953, Lock split the first finger of his left hand, and played in only 11 of Surrey's CountyChampionship matches; McMahon played as his deputy in 14 Championship matches, though a measureof their comparative merits was that Lock's 11 games produced 67 wickets at 12.38 runs apiece, whileMcMahon's 14 games brought him 45 wickets at the, for him, low average of 21.53. At the end of the1953 season, McMahon was allowed to leave Surrey to join Somerset, then languishing at the foot of theCounty Championship and recruiting widely from other counties and other countries.SomersetcricketerSomerset's slow bowling in 1954 was in the hands of leg-spinner Johnny Lawrence, with supportfrom the off-spin of Jim Hilton while promising off-spinner Brian Langford was on national service.McMahon filled a vacancy for a left-arm orthodox spinner that had been there since the retirement ofHorace Hazell at the end of the 1952 season; Hazell's apparent successor, Roy Smith, had failed torealise his promise as a bowler in 1953, though his batting had advanced significantly.McMahon instantlybecame a first-team regular and played in almost every match during his four years with the county, notmissing a single Championship game until he was controversially dropped from the side in August 1957,after which he did not play in the Championship again.In the 1954 season, McMahon, alongside fellownewcomer Hilton, was something of a disappointment, according to Wisden: "The new spin bowlers,McMahon and Hilton, did not attain to the best standards of their craft in a wet summer, yet, like the restof the attack, they would have fared better with reasonable support in the field and from their ownbatsmen," it said. McMahon took 85 wickets at an average of 27.47 (Hilton took only 42 at a higheraverage). His best match was against Essex at Weston-super-Mare where he took six for 96 in the firstinnings and five for 45 in the second to finish with match figures of 11 for 141, which were the best of hiscareer. He was awarded his county cap in the 1954 season, but Somerset remained at the bottom of thetable.The figures for the 1955 were similar: McMahon this time took 75 wickets at 28.77 apiece. Therewas a small improvement in his batting and the arrival of Bryan Lobb elevated McMahon to No 10 in thebatting order for most of the season, and he responded with 262 runs and an average of 9.03. Thisincluded his highest-ever score, 24, made in the match against Sussex at Frome. A week later inSomerset's next match, he equalled his best-ever bowling performance, taking eight Kent wickets for 46runs in the first innings of a match at Yeovil through what Wisden called "clever variation of flight andspin". These matches brought two victories for Somerset, but there were only two others in the 1955season and the side finished at the bottom of the Championship for the fourth season running.At the endof the 1955 season, Lawrence retired and McMahon became Somerset's senior spin bowler for the 1956


Passage 1:The Thing About StyxThe Thing About Styx (German: Die Sache mit Styx) is a 1942 German comedy crime film directed by Karl Anton and starring Laura Solari, Viktor de Kowa and Margit Symo. It was based on the novel Rittmeister Styx by Georg Mühlen-Schulte.CastLaura Solari as Julia SanderViktor de Kowa as Captain StyxMargit Symo as ArianeWill Dohm as BasilioCurt Lucas as Jules StoneWalter Steinbeck as Jacques StoneHans Leibelt as consul SanderHarald Paulsen as Dr. BonnettTheodor Loos as LenskiFranz Weber as CyrillWerner Scharf as TschelebiFranz Zimmermann as DodleyKurt Seifert as EugeneKarl Meixner as messengerLeo Peukert as DuchanHans Stiebner as hostLouis Ralph as packagerWilhelm Bendow as administrator of the legationKurt Mikulski as opera doormanTheodor Vogeler as accompanist #1Friedrich Petermann as accompanist #2Karl JüstelAngelo FerrariFranz SchafheitlinWalter BechmannPassage 2:The Wonderful World of Captain KuhioThe Wonderful World of Captain Kuhio ( , Kuhio Taisa, lit. "Captain Kuhio") is a 2009 Japanese comedy-crime film, directed by Daihachi Yoshida, based on Kazumasa Yoshida's 2006 biographical novel, Kekkon Sagishi Kuhio Taisa (lit. "Marriage swindler Captain Kuhio"), that focuses on a real-life marriage swindler, who conned over 100 million yen (US$1.2 million) from a number of women between the 1970s and the 1990s.The film was released in Japan on 10 October 2009.CastMasato Sakai - Captain KuhioYasuko Matsuyuki - Shinobu NaganoHikari Mitsushima - Haru YasuokaYuko Nakamura - Michiko SudoHirofumi Arai - Tatsuya NaganoKazuya Kojima - Koichi TakahashiSakura Ando - Rika KinoshitaMasaaki Uchino - Chief FujiwaraKanji Furutachi - Shigeru KurodaReila AphroditeSei AndoAwardsAt the 31st Yokohama Film FestivalBest Actor – Masato SakaiBest Supporting Actress – Sakura AndoPassage 3:The Thing from Another WorldThe Thing from Another World, sometimes referred to as just The Thing, is a 1951 American black-and-white science fiction-horror film, directed by Christian Nyby, produced by Edward Lasker for Howard Hawks' Winchester Pictures Corporation, and released by RKO Radio Pictures. The film stars Margaret Sheridan, Kenneth Tobey, Robert Cornthwaite, and Douglas Spencer. James Arness plays The Thing: He is difficult to recognize in costume and makeup due to both low lighting and other effects used to obscure his features. The Thing from Another World is based on the 1938 novella "Who Goes There?" by John W. Campbell (writing under the pseudonym of Don A. Stuart).The film's storyline concerns a United States Air Force crew and scientists who find, frozen in the Arctic ice, a crashed flying saucer and a humanoid body nearby. Returning to their remote arctic research outpost with the body still in a block of ice, they are forced to defend themselves against the still alive and malevolent plant-based alien when it is accidentally thawed out.PlotIn Anchorage, journalist Ned Scott (Douglas Spencer), looking for a story, visits the officer's club of the Alaskan Air Command, where he meets Captain Pat Hendry (Kenneth Tobey), his co-pilot Lieutenant Eddie Dykes, (a friend of Scott's), and flight navigator Ken "Mac" MacPherson. General Fogarty orders Hendry to fly to Polar Expedition Six at the North Pole, per a request from its lead scientist, Nobel laureate Dr. Arthur Carrington (Robert Cornthwaite); Carrington has radioed that an unusual aircraft has crashed nearby. With Scott, Corporal Barnes, crew chief Bob, and a pack of sled dogs, Hendry pilots a Douglas C-47 Skytrain transport aircraft to the remote outpost.Upon arrival, Scott and the airmen meet radio operator Tex, Dr. Chapman, his wife Mrs. Chapman, a man named Lee, who is one of two cooks, and the Inuit dog handlers. Also present are scientists Vorhees, Stern, Redding, Stone, Laurence, Wilson, Ambrose, Auerbach, Olson, and Carrington. Hendry later rekindles his romance with Nikki Nicholson (Margaret Sheridan), Carrington's secretary. Several scientists fly with the airmen to the crash site, finding a large object buried beneath the ice. As they spread out to determine the object's shape, they realize that they are standing in a circle; they have discovered a flying saucer. The team attempts to melt the ice covering the saucer with thermite, but a violent reaction with the craft's metal alloy completely destroys it. Their Geiger counter, however, detects a frozen body buried nearby; it is excavated in a large block of ice and loaded aboard the C-47 transport. They fly out as an Arctic storm closes in on their site.Hendry assumes command of the outpost and, pending radio instructions from General Fogarty, denies Scott permission to send out his story; he also denies the scientists' demands to examine the body. Tex sends an update to Fogarty, and the airmen settle in as the storm arrives. A watch is posted; Barnes relieves McPherson and, disturbed by the