{"doc_id":"doc_0","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Margaret, Countess of BrienneMarguerite d'Enghien (born 1365 - d. after 1394), was the rulingsuo jure Countess of Brienne and of Conversano, suo jure Lady of Enghien, and Lady of Beauvois from1394 until an unknown date.LifeMarguerite was born in 1365, the eldest daughter of Louis of Enghien,Count of Brienne and Conversano, Lord of Enghien, Titular Duke of Athens, and Giovanna of Sanseverino.Marguerite had a brother, Antoine who died at the age of sixteen, leaving her, the eldest daughter, heirto her father's estates and titles.  She inherited the counties of Brienne and of Conversano, and theLordship of Enghien from her father Louis of Enghien on 17 March 1394. She was the wife of John ofLuxembourg, Sire of Beauvois and the mother of Peter of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol, Count ofBrienne and of Conversano who inherited her fiefs, and John II of Luxembourg, Count ofLigny.ReignMarguerite became the suo jure Countess of Brienne and Conversano, and Dame of Enghienupon her father's death on 17 March 1394. Her husband John also became Count of Brienne and ofConversano by right of his wife.She died on an unknown date sometime after 1394. Her will was dated 19September 1393. Her eldest son, Peter received her titles of Brienne and of Conversano.Marriages andissueOn an unknown date, Marguerite married  her first husband, Pierre de Baux, and following his death,she married as her second husband, a relative of her mother, Giacopo of Sanseverino. Both of these earlymarriages were childless. In 1380, after Giacopo's death, Marguerite married her third husband, John ofLuxembourg, Sire of Beauvois (1370–1397).  He was the son of Guy of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Poland Mahaut of Châtillon, Countess of Saint-Pol. By her third husband, Marguerite had five children:Peterof Luxembourg (1390–31 August 1433), Count of Saint-Pol (1430), which he inherited from his auntJeanne of Luxembourg, Countess of Saint-Pol and Ligny; he also inherited, on an unknown date,Marguerite's fiefs of Brienne and of Conversano, thus becoming Count of Brienne and of Conversano. Hemarried on 8 May 1405, Margaret de Baux, by whom he had nine children, including Jacquetta ofLuxembourg, mother of Elizabeth Woodville Queen-Consort of Edward IV of England.John II ofLuxembourg, Count of Ligny (1392–5 January 1441), inherited the title of Beauvois from his father, andthe title of Ligny from his aunt, Jeanne of Luxembourg. On 23 November 1418, married Jeanne deBéthune, widow of Robert of Bar, Count of Marle and Soissons who had been killed at the Battle ofAgincourt on 25 October 1415. John, who was an ally of the English during the Hundred Years War,received Joan of Arc as his prisoner, and subsequently sold her to the English for 10,000 livres.Louis ofLuxembourg (died 18 September 1443). He was a statesman and a high-ranking churchman. His postsand clerical titles included Cardinal (1439), Archbishop of Rouen (1437), Chancellor of France (1425),Governor of Paris (1436), Bishop of Thérouanne, Administrator of Ely (1437), Bishop of Frascati (1442).He was buried in Ely Cathedral.Catherine of Luxembourg (born c. 1393)Jeanne of Luxembourg (died1420), married firstly, on 8 September 1415, Louis, Seigneur de Ghistelles (killed at the Battle ofAgincourt); she married secondly on 28 October 1419, Jean IV, Viscount of Melun, Constable ofFlanders.Passage 2:Nocher II, Count of SoissonsNocher II (died 1019), Count of Bar-sur-Aube, Count ofSoissons. He was the son of Nocher I, Count of Bar-sur-Aube. Nocher's brother Beraud (d. 1052) wasBishop of Soissons.Nocher became Count of Soissons, jure uxoris, upon his marriage to Adelise, Countessof Soissons.  Nocher and Adelisa had three children:Nocher III (d. 1040), Count of Bar-sur-Aube, had atleast two daughters by unknown wife:Adèle (d. 1053), Countess of Bar-sur-AubeIsabeauGuy, archbishopof ReimsRenaud I, Count of SoissonsNocher's son and namesake became Count of Bar-sur-Aube upon hisdeath, and the countship of Soissons reverted to his wife.  His son Renaud would eventually become theCount of Soissons.Passage 3:Adelaide, Countess of SoissonsAdelaide (died 1105), was sovereignCountess of Soissons from 1057 until 1105.She was the daughter of Renaud I, Count of Soissons, and hiswife, whose name is unknown, widow of Hilduin III, Count of Montdidier. .Adelaide became ruler of theCounty of Soissons upon the death of her father and brother, Guy II, Count of Soissons, in 1057.Adelaidemarried William Busac, Count of Eu, grandson of Richard I, Duke of Normandy.  Adelaide and William hadfive children:Renaud II, Count of SoissonsJohn I, Count of Soissons, married to Aveline dePierrefondsManasses of Soissons, Bishop of Cambrai, Bishop of SoissonsLithuise de Blois, married to Milo"}
{"doc_id":"doc_1","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2003The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual fashionshow sponsored by Victoria's Secret, a brand of lingerie and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show topromote and market its goods in high-profile settings. The show features some of the world's leadingfashion models, such as current Victoria's Secret Angels Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum, Gisele Bündchen, andAdriana Lima.The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2003 was recorded in New York City, United States atthe 69th Regiment Armory. The show featured musical performances by Sting, Mary J. Blige, and Eve.Angel Heidi Klum was wearing the Victoria's Secret Fantasy Bra : Very Sexy Fantasy Bra worth$11,000,000.Fashion show segmentsSegment 1: Sexy Super HeroinesSegment 2: Razor Sharp LatexLadiesSpecial PerformanceSegment 3 : Rock Chicks Rockin' OutSpecial PerformanceSegment 4 : SexyKittensSpecial PerformanceSegment 5 : GlaaaaamaaazonsIndexFinaleAngels: Adriana Lima, GiseleBündchen, Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum.Returning Models: Michelle Alves, Alessandra Ambrosio, Carmen Kass,Dewi Driegen, Naomi Campbell, Ana Beatriz Barros, Angela Lindvall, Frankie Rayder, Mini Andén, EugeniaVolodina, Oluchi Onweagba, Liya Kebede, Lindsay Frimodt, Fernanda Tavares, Letícia Birkheuer, UjjwalaRaut, Karolina Kurkova.Newcomers: Isabeli Fontana, Marcelle Bittar, Jacquetta Wheeler, MargaritaSvegzdaite, Deanna Miller.External linksVSFS 2003 GalleryPassage 2:Victoria's Secret Fashion Show2001The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual fashion show sponsored by Victoria's Secret, abrand of lingerie and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show to promote and market its goods inhigh-profile settings. The show features some of the world's leading fashion models, such as currentVictoria's Secret Angels Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum, Daniela Peštová, Gisele Bündchen, and Adriana Lima.TheVictoria's Secret Fashion Show 2001 was recorded in New York, United States at the Bryant Park. Theshow featured musical performances by Andrea Bocelli and Mary J. Blige. Angel Heidi Klum was wearingthe Victoria's Secret Fantasy Bra: The Heavenly Star Bra worth $12,500,000.Fashion showsegmentsSpecial PerformanceSegment 1Special PerformanceSegment 2IndexFinaleAngels: GiseleBündchen, Heidi Klum, Adriana Lima, Tyra Banks, Daniela Peštová.Returning models: Karolína Kurková,Caroline Ribeiro, Eva Herzigová, Mini Andén, Fernanda Tavares, Trish Goff, Bridget Hall, Aurélie Claudel,Rhea Durham, Alessandra Ambrosio, Inés Rivero.Newcomers: Rie Rasmussen, Maggie Rizer, Alek Wek,Omahyra Mota, Karen Elson, Molly Sims, Audrey Marnay, Diána Mészáros, Anouck Lepere, EmmaHeming.External linksVSFS 2001 GalleryPassage 3:List of Victoria's Secret modelsThis is a list of currentand former Victoria's Secret Angels and fashion models who have walked in the Victoria's Secret FashionShow since its inception in 1995.Victoria's Secret AngelsModels who were chosen as Victoria's SecretAngels are listed in the table below. In June 2021, Victoria's Secret announced that it was ending itsAngels brand.PINK spokesmodelsThe following is the list of models who have been contracted asspokesmodels for Victoria's Secret's PINK brand.NotesPassage 4:Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2002TheVictoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual fashion show sponsored by Victoria's Secret, a brand oflingerie and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show to promote and market its goods in high-profilesettings. The show features some of the world's leading fashion models, such as current Victoria's SecretAngels Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum, Gisele Bündchen, and Adriana Lima.The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show2002 was recorded in New York, United States at the 69th Regiment Armory. The show featured musicalperformances by Destiny's Child, Marc Anthony, and Phil Collins. Karolína Kurková was wearing theVictoria's Secret Fantasy Bra : Star of Victoria Fantasy Bra worth $10,000,000.Fashion showsegmentsSpecial PerformanceSegment 1: Religious HolidaySpecial PerformanceSegment 2: JungleAnimalsSpecial PerformanceSegment 3: Flamenco FrillsSegment 4: Neon AngelsFinaleAngels: GiseleBündchen, Heidi Klum, Adriana Lima, Tyra Banks, Karolína Kurková.Returning models: Carmen Kass,Bridget Hall, Naomi Campbell, Fernanda Tavares, Alessandra Ambrosio, Frankie Rayder, Caroline Ribeiro,Oluchi Onweagba.Newcomers: Yfke Sturm, Eugenia Volodina, Lindsay Frimodt, Michelle Alves, NadineStrittmatter, Raquel Zimmermann, Liya Kebede, Dewi Driegen, Ana Beatriz Barros, Caitriona Balfe, IngaSavits, Ujjwala Raut, Ana Hickmann, Reka Ebergenyi, Letícia Birkheuer.IndexExternal linksVSFS 2002GalleryPassage 5:Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2005The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual"}
{"doc_id":"doc_2","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Henry III, Duke of Münsterberg-OelsHenry III of Münsterberg-Oels (also: Henry III ofPoděbrady, Henry III of Bernstadt; German: Heinrich III. von Podiebrad; Czech: Jindřich III-MinstrberskoOlešnický; 29 April 1542, Oleśnica – 10 April 1587, Oleśnica) was Duke of Münsterberg from 1565 to1574 and Duke of Bernstadt.  He also held the title of Count of Glatz.LifeHenry's parents were Henry II ofMünsterberg and Oels and Margaret (1515–1559), daughter of Henry V of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.  HenryIII was married to Magdalena Meseritsch of Lomnitz (Czech: Magdaléna Mezeřícká z Lomnice).When hisfather died in 1548, Henry was only six years old, so he initially stood under the guardianship of his uncleJohn, who called himself \"Duke of Bernstadt\" from 1548 until his death in 1565.  In 1565, Henry III tookup the rule of the Duchy of Bernstadt.  He was excessively in debt, and in 1574, he had to sell the Duchyof Bernstadt, including the castle and several more villages, to the von Schindel family.Henry III diedchildless in 1587.  The Duchy of Bernstadt was bought back in 1604 by Henry's brother CharlesII.References ad sourcesHugo Weczerka: Handbuch der historischen Stätten: Schlesien, Stuttgart, 1977,ISBN 3-520-31601-3, p. 19  and genealogical tables on p. 602–603.Rudolf Žáček: Dějiny Slezska vdatech, Prague, 2004, ISBN 80-7277-172-8, p. 145, 410 and 436.External linksMarek, Miroslav.\"Genealogy of Poděbrady\". Genealogy.EU.Passage 2:Olaf III of NorwayOlaf III or Olaf Haraldsson (OldNorse: Óláfr Haraldsson, Norwegian: Olav Haraldsson; c. 1050 – 22 September 1093), known as Olaf thePeaceful (Old Norse: Óláfr kyrri, Norwegian: Olav Kyrre), was King of Norway from 1067 until his death in1093.He was present at the Battle of Stamford Bridge in England in 1066 where his father, King HaraldHardrada, saw defeat and was killed in action, an event that directly preceded his kingship. During hisrule, Olaf made peace with regards to earlier royal conflicts with the church, strengthened the power ofthe monarchy, and is traditionally credited with founding the city of Bergen circa 1070. Around 1225,Snorri Sturluson wrote  Olav Kyrres saga about King Olaf in the Heimskringla.BiographyOlaf was a son ofKing Harald Hardrada and Tora Torbergsdatter. Olaf joined his father during the invasion of Englandduring 1066. However, he was only 16 years old during the Battle of Stamford Bridge in September 1066.He stayed on a ship and did not participate in the fighting. After the Norwegian defeat, he sailed with theremains of the Norwegian strike force back to Orkney, where they wintered. The return journey toNorway took place in summer 1067.After the death of his father, Olaf shared the kingdom with hisbrother Magnus II (Magnus 2 Haraldsson) who had become king the previous year. When King Magnusdied during 1069, Olaf became the sole ruler of Norway.During his reign, the nation of Norwayexperienced a rare extended period of peace. He renounced any offensive foreign policy, insteadprotecting Norway's sovereignty through agreements and marriage connections. Domestically heemphasized the church's organization and the modernization of the kingdom. The latter resulted in,among other things, the reorganization of the body-guard and of measures under which key cities,especially Bergen, could better serve as a royal residence. According to the Heimskringla by SnorriSturluson, Olaf is said to have founded the city of Bergen (originally called Bjørgvin).The death of HaraldHardrada and the serious defeat suffered by the Norwegians in 1066 tempted the Danish king, SvendEstridsen, to prepare for an attack on Norway. King Svend no longer felt bound by the ceasefireagreement signed with Harald Hardrada in 1064, since it would only be valid for the two kings duringtheir own lives. However Olaf made peace with King Svend and married the king's daughter Ingerid.Later, Olav's half sister Ingegerd married King Svend's son  Olaf. Although there were some attacks onEngland by Danish forces, peace persisted between Denmark and Norway. Olaf also made peace withWilliam the Conqueror of England.King Olaf broke with his father's line in his relationship to the church.Harald Hardrada had developed a continuing conflict with the Archbishopric of Bremen due to thearchbishop's authority over the Norwegian church. Unlike his father, Olav recognized that authority fully.Political considerations may have been behind this conciliatory attitude, as may have been Olaf's concernwith the church organization. Until his time bishops had formed part of the king's court and traveled withhim around the country to take care of the ecclesiastical affairs while the king took care of worldlymatters. The bishops established fixed residence in Oslo, Nidaros and Bergen. King Olaf also took the"}
{"doc_id":"doc_3","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:The Museums at Washington and ChapinThe Museums at Washington and Chapin are severalmuseums that share a campus in South Bend, Indiana. The name is derived from the location, at thecorner of Washington Street and Chapin Street in South Bend. Both museums have one commonentrance off Thomas Street, one block south of Washington Street. The museums currently include theHistory Museum and Studebaker National Museum.External linksStudebaker National MuseumThe HistoryMuseumPassage 2:William P. Didusch Center for Urologic HistoryThe William P. Didusch Center forUrologic History is a museum and the headquarters of the American Urological Association in Linthicum,Maryland. It is described as encompassing \"a rich and varied collection of drawings, photographs, andinstruments of historical importance to urology, many displayed in the urological exhibits during theAmerican Urological Association (AUA) conventions.\"BackgroundThe center is named in honor of WilliamDidusch, the museum's founder and first curator. Didusch was a notable scientific illustrator, andExecutive Secretary of the AUA. Didusch had begun working at Johns Hopkins University in 1915 as anillustrator and eventually a lecturer. Didusch was an artist but more committed to the drawing ofillustrations, rather than paintings, of anatomy. As result he became a legend during his time after hiswork in Johns Hopkins Hospital. Some of his many illustrations were those of the anatomy of the urinarytract and instruments used to treat the urinary diseases. The museum was formally established in 1971as the William P. Didusch Museum, following Didusch's gift to the American Urological Association of hismany original urological drawings. It was accommodated within the headquarters buildings of the AUA,then on Charles Street in Baltimore. Didusch curated the museum until his death in 1981, when he wassucceeded by Herbert Brendler. After Brendler's death in 1986, William W. Scott (a colleague of NobelLaureate Charles Huggins at the University of Chicago) became curator of the museum. When Scottretired in 1993, the post of curator went to Rainer Engel of Johns Hopkins. In 2003 – when the AUAmoved to Linthicum, Maryland – the museum also moved. Its scope was extended to relate to the topic ofresearch in urologic history. Engel remained curator until 2011, when Michael Moran took over theposition.CollectionThe museum provides 300 years of the history of urology, beginning from early andextremely dangerous kidney stone surgeries to modern ultra sound treatments that \"pulverizes thesejagged mineral clumps without any need to enter the body\". It includes illustrations, urological tools suchas catheters, cystoscopes (includes Nitze cystoscopes made in 1890 with platinum loops for illuminationand rotating cystoscopes), operating resectoscopes, laparoscopes, lithotriptors, and resectoscopes; someof this urologic equipment was sterilized using formaldehyde or cyanide. All was donated by urologists,including Ernest F. Hock of Binghamton, New York, Hans Reuter of Stuttgart, Germany and Adolf A.Kutzmann of Los Angeles.The Center also aids research in all fields of urologic history in the UnitedStates. It contains an extensive urological library, with early urological and medical texts, and the AUAarchives.Current AUA Historian Engel considers the museum to show how medical history in urologyevolved, and notes that the implements on display frequently scare visitors. Amongst its items are \"long,thick metal tubes that once opened the floodgates between some unfortunate soul's bladder and theoutside world\", lassoes and nutcrackers on the end of steel tubes to break bladder stones, and HughHampton Young's \"Prostate Punch\", which resembles a \"massively enlarged and curved hypodermicneedle designed for the blind resection of prostate tissues\", used in prostate surgery (to ream out thetube of prostate tissue blindly); this last implement was used on the wealthy railway magnate DiamondJim Brady, who—cured of a prostate problem—gave a generous donation to Johns Hopkins which enabledthe establishment of the Brady Urological Institute and also the museum.A number of very large mineralsamples of kidney stones are also on display. The collection in the museum also includes more than 30microscopes dating as far back as the 18th century, along with operating manuals; this acquisition onloan from a German urology family.A popular display is the \"spermatorrhea ring\", a device from the early20th century used to prevent ejaculations while sleeping. It is made of a double ring of metal, with theinner ring clipped over the penis and the outer ring, which is lined on the inside with an armature of bluntmetal teeth, on the shaft. These teeth constitute what could be called the \"medically active ingredient\"."}
{"doc_id":"doc_4","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:The Rebel GladiatorsThe Rebel Gladiators (Italian: Ursus il gladiatore ribelle/ Ursus, the Rebel Gladiator) is a 1962 Italian peplum film directed by Domenico Paolella starring Dan Vadis, Josè Greci and Alan Steel.PlotThe newly crowned emperor Commodus kidnaps the beautiful Arminia, who happens to be betrothed to the mighty gladiator Ursus. Obsessed with a desire to physically best all other men, he uses the girl as a hostage to force Ursus to fight him in the arena, but when Ursus beats him up and actually forces the dictator to beg for his life, he accuses Ursus of being in league with a group of usurpers who oppose Commodus' tyrannical rule. Ursus finally leads a slave revolt that overthrows Commodus, who is killed in the uprising, and Ursus is reunited with Arminia.CastDan Vadis as UrsusJosè Greci as ArminiaAlan Steel as Commodo/CommodusTullio Altamura as AntoninoNando Tamberlani as Marco AurelioGloria MillandGianni Santuccio as Emilio LetoSal Borghese as gladiatorBruno ScipioniAndrea Aureli as gladiator instructorCarlo Delmi as SettimioPassage 2:Voice of Free ChinaThe Voice of Free China (Chinese: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000; pinyin: Zìyóu Zhōngguó Zhīshēng) was the international broadcasting station of the Republic of China from 1949 until 1998. During the Cold War era the station was the source of Chinese Nationalist propaganda largely aimed at discrediting the People's Republic of China and buttressing the Nationalists' claims to be the sole legitimate government of all of China.The Voice of Free China, for many years, was owned by the Broadcasting Corporation of China. This was a private company under a government contract to provide public radio programming. The BCC still exists today, but in 1998 the Voice of Free China and the government-owned Central Broadcasting System merged.With the easing of cross-strait relations and the liberalization of Taiwan's government, the Voice of Free China changed its name to Radio Taipei International in 1998 and also used the name \"Voice of Asia\" for some broadcasts. In 2003, it became Radio Taiwan International reflecting the defeat of the Kuomintang government in 2000 and the new government's orientation towards Taiwan independence from China. Today, this station is now known as Radio Taiwan International.See alsoPropaganda in the Republic of ChinaPassage 3:Ellen BassEllen Bass (born June 16, 1947) is an American poet and author.  She has won three Pushcart Prizes and a Lambda Literary Award for her 2002 book Mules of Love. She co-authored the 1991 child sexual abuse book The Courage to Heal. She received a fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts in 2014 and was elected a chancellor of the Academy of American Poets in 2017. Bass has taught poetry at Pacific University and founded poetry programs for prison inmates.LifeBass grew up in Pleasantville, New Jersey, where her parents owned a liquor store. Her family later moved to Ventnor City, New Jersey. She attended Goucher College, where she graduated magna cum laude in 1968 with a bachelor's degree. She pursued a master's degree in creative writing at Boston University, where she studied with Anne Sexton, and graduated in 1970. From 1970 to 1974, Bass worked at Project Place, a social service center in Boston.From 1983 to 2003, she worked in the field of healing from childhood sexual abuse: writing the best-selling The Courage to Heal in 1991, developing training seminars for professionals, offering workshops for survivors, and lecturing to mental health professionals nationally and internationally. She is a co-founder of the Survivors Healing Center in Santa Cruz, a non-profit organization offering services to survivors of child sexual abuse.Bass has taught poetry at the low-residency Master of Fine Arts program at Pacific University in Oregon since 2007. She has taught workshops in Santa Cruz, California since 1974 and also nationally. In 2013, she founded the Poetry Program at the Salinas Valley State Prison, which offers a weekly workshop to incarcerated men. In 2014, she also founded the Santa Cruz Poetry Project, which offers six weekly workshops to men and women incarcerated in the Santa Cruz County jails.Among Bass' poetry books are Indigo, (2020) which was a finalist for the Paterson Poetry Prize, the Publishers Triangle Award and the Northern California Book Award; Like a Beggar (2014), which was a finalist for the Paterson Poetry Prize, the Publishing Triangle Award, the Milt Kessler Poetry Award, the Lambda Literary Award, and the Northern California Book Award; The Human Line (2007), and Mules of Love (2002), which won the Lambda Literary Award. Her poems have been published widely in journals and anthologies, including the New Yorker, the American Poetry Review, the Kenyon Review, and Ploughshares.Her nonfiction books include I Never Told Anyone: Writings by Women Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse (HarperCollins, 1983), "}
{"doc_id":"doc_5","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Bill Smith (footballer, born 1897)William Thomas Smith (9 April 1897 – after 1924) was anEnglish professional footballer.CareerDuring his amateur career, Smith played in 17 finals, and captainedthe Third Army team in Germany when he was stationed in Koblenz after the armistice during the FirstWorld War. He started his professional career with Hull City in 1921. After making no appearances for theclub, he joined Leadgate Park. He joined Durham City in 1921, making 33 league appearances in theclub's first season in the Football League.He joined York City in the Midland League in July 1922, wherehe scored the club's first goal in that competition. He made 75 appearances for the club in the MidlandLeague and five appearances in the FA Cup before joining Stockport County in 1925, where he made noleague appearances.Passage 2:Thomas Scott (diver)Thomas Scott (1907 - date of death unknown) wasan English diver.BoxingHe competed in the 10 metre platform at the 1930 British Empire Games forEngland.Personal lifeHe was a police officer at the time of the 1930 Games.Passage 3:Fred Bradley(rower)Frederick Bradley (1908 – date of death unknown) was an English rower.RowingHe competed inthe single sculls at the 1930 British Empire Games for England and won a bronze medal.Personal lifeHewas listed as having no occupation at the time of the 1930 Games.Passage 4:Parimala NagappaParimalaNagappa is a politician from the state of Karnataka and wife of Late H. Nagappa. Parimala was elected asM.L.A from Hanur constituency on a Janata Dal (Secular) ticket in the 2004 Karnataka assemblyelections. On 16 March 2017, she joined the Bharatiya Janata Party.Passage 5:Albert Thompson(footballer, born 1912)Albert Thompson (born 1912, date of death unknown) was a Welshfootballer.CareerThompson was born in Llanbradach, Wales, and joined Bradford Park Avenue from BarryTown in 1934. After making 11 appearances and scoring two goals in the league for Bradford, he joinedYork City in 1936. He was York City's top scorer for the 1936–37 season, with 28 goals. He joinedSwansea Town in 1937, after making 29 appearances and scoring 28 goals for York. After making 4appearances in the league for Swansea, he joined Wellington Town.== Notes ==Passage 6:HarryWainwright (footballer)Harry Wainwright (born 1899; date of death unknown) was an Englishfootballer.CareerWainwright played for Highfields before joining Port Vale as an amateur in December1919. After making his debut in a 1–0 defeat at Barnsley on Boxing Day he signed as a professional thefollowing month. He was unable to nail down a regular place however, and was released at the end of theseason with just four appearances to his name.He returned to Highfields before moving on to DoncasterRovers where he scored in their return to football following WW1, in the 2–1 defeat to Rotherham Town inthe Midland League. He scored two more goals that season, and none the following season.He then wentto Brodsworth Main, Frickley Colliery, Sheffield United, Boston Town, Scunthorpe & Lindsey United andNewark Town.Career statisticsSource:Passage 7:Etan BoritzerEtan Boritzer (born 1950) is an Americanwriter of children’s literature who is best known for his book What is God? first published in 1989. Hisbest selling What is? illustrated children's book series on character education and difficult subjects forchildren is a popular teaching guide for parents, teachers and child-life professionals.Boritzer gainednational critical acclaim after What is God? was published in 1989 although the book has causedcontroversy from religious fundamentalists for its universalist views. The other current books in the Whatis? series include: What is Love?, What is Death?, What is Beautiful?, What is Funny?, What is Right?,What is Peace?, What is Money?, What is Dreaming?, What is a Friend?, What is True?, What is a Family?,and What is a Feeling? The series is now also translated into 15 languages.Boritzer was first published in1963 at the age of 13 when he wrote an essay in his English class at Wade Junior High School in theBronx, New York on the assassination of John F. Kennedy. His essay was included in a special anthologyby New York City public school children compiled and published by the New York City Department ofEducation.Boritzer now lives in Venice, California and maintains his publishing office there also. He hashelped numerous other authors to get published through How to Get Your Book Published! programs.Boritzer is also a yoga teacher who teaches regular classes locally and guest-teaches nationally. He isalso recognized nationally as an erudite speaker on The Teachings of the Buddha.Passage 8:HarryJohnson (wrestler)Harry Johnson (born 1903, date of death unknown) was an English"}
{"doc_id":"doc_6","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is anIrish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in theUnited States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigningDecember 31, 2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He wasthe director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia(Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States afterleaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October 2010 hebecame the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as theexecutive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career in IrelandKennedy wasborn in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989)degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history.He worked in theIrish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at theChester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department ofFinance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was Assistant Director at the NationalGallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historiansfrom 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003. InSeptember 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery of Australia(NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged forseveral major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itselfand oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years ofthe museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, BettyChurcher, on showing \"blockbuster\" exhibitions.During his directorship, the NGA gained governmentsupport for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship. However,the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the originalarchitect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure,with a significantly altered design completed some years later.  Private funding supported twoacquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud'sAfter Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring theHolmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints,screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive. He was also notable forcampaigning for the construction of a new \"front\" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace,which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above).Kennedy's cancellation of the\"Sensation exhibition\" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial,and seen by some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being \"too closeto the market\" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of aspeculative art investor. However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which couldhave raised similar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists worksbelonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn. Its mostcontroversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and wasaccused of being blasphemous. The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against theexhibition, claiming it was \"Catholic-bashing\" and an \"aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion.\"In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had\"obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art\". He has said that it \"was the toughestdecision of my professional life, so far.\"Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of arange of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA'soccupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioningsystem. The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003. Kennedy announced in 2002 that he wouldnot seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two"}
{"doc_id":"doc_7","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:George AlagiahGeorge Maxwell Alagiah  ( born 22 November 1955) is a British newsreader,journalist and television news presenter.Since 3 December 2007, he has been the presenter of the BBCNews at Six and was previously the main presenter of GMT on BBC World News since its launch on 1February 2010.BackgroundAlagiah was born in Colombo, Ceylon on 22 November 1955. His parents,Donald Alagiah, an engineer, and Therese, were Sri Lankan Tamil. In 1961, his parents moved to Ghanain West Africa, where he had his primary education at Christ the King International School. He has foursisters. His secondary education took place at St John's College, an independent Roman Catholic school inPortsmouth, England, after which he read politics at Van Mildert College, Durham University. Whilst atDurham, he wrote for and became editor of the student newspaper Palatinate and was a sabbatical officerof Durham Students' Union.In 2004, he returned to his grandfather's original home in Sri Lanka in theaftermath of the Asian tsunami to survey the damage. The family's former home had been destroyed, buthe was able to recognise an old well where he had played with his sisters, although the well wasunsalvageable.Broadcasting careerAlagiah joined the BBC in 1989 after seven years in print journalismwith South Magazine. Before becoming a presenter, he was Developing World correspondent, based inLondon, and then Southern Africa correspondent in Johannesburg. As one of the BBC's leading foreigncorrespondents, he reported on events ranging from the genocide in Rwanda to the plight of the MarshArabs in southern Iraq to the civil wars in Afghanistan, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Somalia.He was thepresenter of BBC Four News from its launch in 2002; the programme was later relaunched as The Worldand then another edition of World News Today. In January 2003 he joined the BBC Six O'Clock News,which he co-presented with Sophie Raworth until October 2005, and with Natasha Kaplinsky until October2007. Since 3 December 2007, he has been the sole presenter of the Six O'Clock News. Prior to that, hehad been the deputy anchor of the BBC One O'Clock News and BBC Nine O'Clock News from 1999. Since3 July 2006, he has presented World News Today on BBC World News and BBC Two, which wasrebranded GMT on 1 February 2010. He last appeared on the programme in 2014. He was formerly arelief presenter on BBC News at Ten, presenting mainly Monday to Thursday when main presenters HuwEdwards and Fiona Bruce were unavailable.A specialist on Africa and the developing world, Alagiah hasinterviewed, among others, Nelson Mandela, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, former Secretary-General of theUnited Nations Kofi Annan and President Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe. His other documentaries andfeatures include reports on why affirmative action in America is a 'Lost Cause', for the Assignmentprogramme, Saddam Hussein's genocidal campaign against the Kurds of northern Iraq for the BBC'sNewsnight programme and a report on the last reunion of the veterans of Dunkirk.Awards and interestsIn2000, Alagiah was part of the BBC team which collected a BAFTA award for its coverage of the Kosovoconflict. He has won numerous awards including Best International Report at the Royal Television Societyin 1993 and in 1994 was the overall winner of the Amnesty International UK Media Awards. He wasappointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours.His appearancesat literary festivals include Cheltenham, Keswick, Hay-on-Wye and London, and he has spoken at theRoyal Geographical Society, the Royal Society of Arts and at the Royal Overseas League. He is on theBoard of the Royal Shakespeare Company.From 2002 to 2009, Alagiah was a patron of the FairtradeFoundation from which in July 2009, he was obliged to resign by BBC Management who claimedprofessional conflict of interest. Complaints were received at the BBC from members of the public whowere unhappy that Alagiah had been asked to step down. The BBC responded that in keeping with itsprinciples of impartiality, it would be inappropriate for one of its leading journalists to be seen supportinga movement that clearly represents a controversial view of global trade. He has also been activelyinvolved in supporting microfinance as a tool for development, including recent appearances in support ofOpportunity International. He has been a patron of Parenting UK since 2000.In 2010, he received theOutstanding Achievement in Television award at the Asian Awards.In 2020, his debut novel The BurningLand was shortlisted for a Society of Authors' award. The book is described as a \"gripping, pacy thrillerabout corruption and homicide in South Africa\".Personal lifeHe is married to Frances Robathan, whom he"}
{"doc_id":"doc_8","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:OttakootharOttakoothar (c. 12th century CE) was a Tamil court poet to three Later Cholakings, namely Vikrama Chola, Kulotunga II and Rajaraja II. He wrote poems in praise of these threekings.The poet's memorial is believed to be still in a place known as Darasuram in Kumbakonam, justopposite the famous Airavatesvara Temple. According to legend, the goddess Saraswati blessed him inKoothanur, then he became a famous poet.FamilyAccording to a legend, there was once a  Chola kingcalled Muchukundan who had his capital at Karur. He is said to have won the favor of God Murugan afterdeep penances and the latter is said to have bestowed upon him his personal bodyguards to aid him inhis wars. Muchukundan Chola then married Chitravalli, daughter of the warrior chief and Murugan'sbodyguard called Virabahu and spawned a new line. The poet Ottakoothar is presented as the scion of thefamily of this Sengunthar chief in his work Eeti-elupattu. It is worth mentioning that this MuchukundaChola figures in the ancestry of Rajendra I as detailed in his Tiruvalangadu copper plates.LiteraryworksOttakoothar (Tamil: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000) is renowned for his Ula poems on the threesuccessive kings, Vikrama Chola, Kulothunga II and Rajaraja II.  The Ula poems are generally written inhonor of the king and describe the triumphant procession of the king amidst the people and his subjects.He also authored a work dealing with the Kulottunga II's childhood called Kulottunga Cholan PillaiTamil.Ottakoothar wrote Uttara Kandam, the seventh (last chapter) kandam of the Tamil epicRamayanam. Ottakoothar's works can be found at the open access Tamil literature repository ProjectMadurai.During this period when he was very popular, the Sengunthar community, the one to which hebelonged, requested him to compose a work in their honor. He initially refused but then later agreedprovided they brought him 1008 heads of their first born sons. Accordingly, 1008 members of thecommunity sacrificed their lives so that he could write about their history. The poet then wrote,Eeti-elupattu, a poem consisting of seventy verses in honor of the spear and extolled the glorious past ofthe Sengunthar chiefs and soldiers. He later wrote another poem called Elupp-elupattu in order to bringback the 1008 dead members to life. When he sang it the heads are said to have miraculously attachedto their bodies and the dead became alive once again. The poet Koothar thus came to be known as OttaKoothar  for he attached the heads to the bodies and revived them.Popular cultureIn the 1957 Tamil filmAmbikapathy, the character of Ottakoothar was portrayed and was performed by M. N. Nambiar. Thecharacter was also played by Rajesh in Mahasakthi Mariamman, a 1986 Tamil film.See alsoKoothanurMaha Saraswathi TemplePassage 2:Rajaraja IIRajaraja II was a chola emperor who reigned from 1150 CEto 1173 CE. He was made his heir apparent and Co-Regent in 1146 and so the inscriptions of Rajaraja IIcount his reign from 1146. Rajaraja's reign began to show signs of the coming end of thedynasty.Growing weaknessThe extent of the Chola territories remained as it was during Rajaraja'spredecessors. The Vengi country was still firmly under the Chola rule.The Chola central administration didshow weaknesses with regard to their control and effective administration over the outlying parts of theempire, which became pronounced towards the end of Raja Raja-II's reign.  However, Rajaraja regainedadequate control of provinces like Vengi, Kalinga, Pandya and Chera territories. He probably eveninvaded Sri Lanka as is explained in one of the Tamil poems written during his time.  This is borne out bythe fact that not just Rajaraja, but also his successors like Kulothunga III bore titles like TribhuvanaChakravartin attesting to their military capabilities and cultural achievements.During the last years ofRajaraja's reign, a civil unrest as a result of a succession dispute convulsed the Pandya country, furtherweakening Chola influence there. This was only to be expected as even though the Pandyas weresubjugated by the Cholas since the time of Aditya I and were firmly controlled until the time ofVirarajendra, the Madurai kingdom nevertheless kept making efforts from time to time, for gaining theirindependence from their occupiers.  Later Pandyas like Maravarman or Maravaramban Sundara Pandyan,Jatavarman Vira Pandyan and Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan steadily went on increasing their power andprestige and were to emerge as the most powerful kingdom in South India during the period 1200–1300.These developments were to slowly but surely weaken the Chola kingdom, though there was a minorrevival during the fairly steady rule of Kulothunga III (1178–1218).In as much as the cholas during his"}
{"doc_id":"doc_9","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Dance of Death (disambiguation)Dance of Death, also called Danse Macabre, is alate-medieval allegory of the universality of death.Dance of Death or The Dance of Death may also referto:BooksDance of Death, a 1938 novel by Helen McCloyDance of Death (Stine novel), a 1997 novel by R.L. StineDance of Death (novel), a 2005 novel by Douglas Preston and Lincoln ChildTheatre and filmTheDance of Death (Strindberg play), a 1900 play by August StrindbergThe Dance of Death, a 1908 play byFrank WedekindThe Dance of Death (Auden play), a 1933 play by W. H. AudenFilmThe Death Dance, a1918 drama starring Alice BradyThe Dance of Death (1912 film), a German silent filmThe Dance of Death(1919 film), an Austrian silent filmThe Dance of Death (1938 film), crime drama starring Vesta Victoria;screenplay by Ralph DawsonThe Dance of Death (1948 film), French-Italian drama based on Strindberg'splay, starring Erich von StroheimThe Dance of Death (1967 film), a West German drama filmDance ofDeath or House of Evil, 1968 Mexican horror film starring Boris KarloffDance of Death (1969 film), a filmbased on Strindberg's play, starring Laurence OlivierDance of Death (1979 film), a Hong Kong filmfeaturing Paul ChunMusicDance of Death (album), a 2003 album by Iron Maiden, or the title songTheDance of Death & Other Plantation Favorites, a 1964 album by John FaheyThe Dance of Death(Scaramanga Six album)\"Death Dance\", a 2016 song by SevendustSee alsoDance of the Dead(disambiguation)Danse Macabre (disambiguation)Bon Odori, a Japanese traditional dance welcoming thespirits of the deadLa danse des morts, an oratorio by Arthur HoneggerTotentanz (disambiguation)Passage2:SennedjemSennedjem was an Ancient Egyptian artisan who was active during the reigns of Seti I andRamesses II. He lived in Set Maat (translated as \"The Place of Truth\"), contemporary Deir el-Medina, onthe west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes. Sennedjem had the title \"Servant in the Place of Truth\". Hewas buried along with his wife, Iyneferti, and members of his family in a tomb in the village necropolis.His tomb was discovered January 31, 1886. When Sennedjem's tomb was found, it contained furniturefrom his home, including a stool and a bed, which he used when he was alive.His titles included Servantin the Place of Truth, meaning that he worked on the excavation and decoration of the nearby royaltombs.See alsoTT1 – (Tomb of Sennedjem, family and wife)Passage 3:Kristján EldjárnKristján Eldjárn(Icelandic: [\u0000k\u0000r\u0000stjaun \u0000\u0000ltjaurtn\u0000]; 6 December 1916 – 14 September 1982) was the thirdpresident of Iceland, from 1968 to 1980.BiographyKristján was born in Tjörn, Svarfaðardal, Iceland. Hisparents were Þórarinn Kr. Eldjárn, a teacher in Tjörn, and Sigrún Sigurhjartardóttir. He graduated inarchaeology from the University of Copenhagen and taught at the University of Iceland. In 1957 he wasawarded a doctorate for his research into pagan burials in Iceland. He was a teacher at the AkureyriGrammar School and the College of Navigation in Reykjavík, becoming a curator at the National Museumof Iceland in 1945 and its Director in 1947, a position he held until the 1968 presidential election.In1966–68 he hosted a series of educational TV programs on the (then new) Icelandic National Television(RÚV), in which he showed the audience some of the National Museum's artefacts and explained theirhistorical context. These programs became quite popular, making him a well known and respectedpopular figure. This no doubt gave him the incentive needed to run in the 1968 presidential election as apolitically non-affiliated candidate.Starting as the underdog in the 1968 presidential election, runningagainst Ambassador Gunnar Thoroddsen who initially had a 70% lead in the opinion polls, Kristján won65.6% of the vote on a 92.2% voter turnout. He was re-elected unopposed in 1972 and 1976. In 1980 hedecided not to run for another term, wanting to devote his remaining years entirely to continuing hislifelong academic work.President Kristján Eldjárn died following heart surgery in Cleveland, Ohio on 13September 1982.His son Þórarinn Eldjárn is one of Iceland's most popular authors, specializing in shortstories, but also writing poetry and an occasional novel. His daughter Sigrún Eldjárn is also an author andillustrator of several children's books. Þórarinn's son, Ari Eldjárn, is Iceland's most prominent stand-upcomedian.Passage 4:Place of birthThe place of birth (POB) or birthplace is the place where a person wasborn. This place is often used in legal documents, together with name and date of birth, to uniquelyidentify a person. Practice regarding whether this place should be a country, a territory or acity/town/locality differs in different countries, but often city or territory is used for native-born citizen"}
{"doc_id":"doc_10","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Stella's oorlogStella's oorlog (Dutch for Stella's war) is a 2009 Dutch drama film directed byDiederik van Rooijen.CastPassage 2:Don Juan in a Girls' SchoolDon Juan in a Girls' School (German: DonJuan in der Mädchenschule) is a 1928 German silent comedy film directed by and starring ReinholdSchünzel. It is based on Hans Stürm's play The Unfaithful Eckehart.The film's art direction was by GustavA. Knauer and Willy Schiller.Two later film versions were The Unfaithful Eckehart (1931) and TheUnfaithful Eckehart (1940).CastIn alphabetical orderErnst Behmer as Studienrat MeiselAdolphe Engers asFritz StürmerCarl Geppert as Studienrat SchädenElse Groß as Mädchen für alles bei Susanne BachMaxGülstorff as Oberstudienrat Arminius NiedlichJulius E. Herrmann as Sala ManderCarola HöhnValerie Jonesas EvaMaria Kamradek as Susanne BachLydia Potechina as Frau TiedemannF. W.Schröder-SchromReinhold Schünzel as Dr. Eckehart BleibtreuLotte Stein as Perle im HauseBleibtreuJakob Tiedtke as Herr TiedemannRolf von Goth as Prinz OsramHilde von Stolz as TrudePassage3:The Unfaithful Eckehart (1931 film)The Unfaithful Eckehart (German: Der ungetreue Eckehart) is a1931 German comedy film directed by Carl Boese and starring Ralph Arthur Roberts, Fritz Schulz andPaul Hörbiger. The film is based on the play of the same title by Hans Stürm. It was remade in 1940. Asilent film was made by Reinhold Schünzel in 1928 under the title Don Juan in a Girls' School.SynopsisAman who is faithful to his wife is mistakenly blamed for the philandering antics of hisbrother-in-law.CastPassage 4:Diederik van RooijenDiederik van Rooijen (born 26 December 1975) is aDutch television and film director.CareerFilmVan Rooijen graduated in 2001 from the Netherlands FilmAcademy with his English-language film Chalk. Chalk was also one of the graduation films ofcinematographer Lennert Hillege. Van Rooijen and Hillege worked together on many films in the yearsthat followed, including Mass (2005), De bode (2005), Bollywood Hero (2009), Stella's oorlog (2009),Taped (2012) and Daylight (Daglicht) (2013).In 2002, he directed the film A Funeral for Mr. Smitheewhich follows an unnamed girl (Priscilla Knetemann) burying a dead bird. His short film Babyphoned wonthe NPS Award for Best Short Film at the 2002 Netherlands Film Festival.Van Rooijen made his featurefilm debut with his 2003 film Zulaika. The film is the first Antillean youth film spoken entirely inPapiamento.Van Rooijen won the UNESCO Award Prix Jeunesse for his film Genji (2006).His 2007 filmEen trui voor kip Saar was made during the 2007 Netherlands Film Festival on request of the guest ofhonor Burny Bos who asked to adapt his 1986 children's book of the same name.Van Rooijen moved toLos Angeles late 2014 to work on projects in the United States. Van Rooijen made his debut in Hollywoodwith the 2018 horror film The Possession of Hannah Grace.In 2019, the film Penoza: The Final Chapterconcluded the story of the television series Penoza that he also directed. The film became the best visitedDutch film of 2019.TelevisionHe directed the Dutch television series Penoza as well as episodes of thetelevision series Meiden van de Wit, Parels & zwijnen, Keyzer & De Boer Advocaten and Spoorloosverdwenen. The television series Penoza was adapted into the 2013 American drama series Red Widowby Melissa Rosenberg. Penoza was also adapted into the 2015 Swedish television series Gåsmamman.VanRooijen also directed many commercials for the Dutch supermarket chain Albert Heijn featuring HarryPiekema playing the role of a supermarket manager. Van Rooijen also made commercials for othercompanies and brands, such as McDonald's, KPN, Ziggo and Unox. He won a Bronze Lion award at theCannes Film Festival in 2006 for his Volkswagen GTI commercial.In 2019, Van Rooijen worked on thetelevision series Heirs of the Night based on the German book series Die Erben der Nacht written byUlrike Schweikert. The first episode aired in October 2019 and a second season aired in 2020.He alsodirected the 2023 crime television series Anoniem.FilmographyFilm2001: Chalk2002: A Funeral for Mr.Smithee2002: Babyphoned2003: Zulaika2005: Mass2005: De bode2006: Dummy2006: Genji2007: Eentrui voor kip Saar2007: Het boze oog2009: Bollywood Hero2009: Stella's oorlog2012: Taped2013:Daylight (Daglicht)2018: The Possession of Hannah Grace2019: Penoza: The Final ChapterTelevision2003– 2005: Meiden van de Wit2005 – 2008: Parels & zwijnen2005: Keyzer & De Boer Advocaten2006:Spoorloos verdwenen2008: Deadline2010 – 2015: Penoza2019 – 2020: Heirs of the Night2023:AnoniemNotesPassage 5:Reinhold SchünzelReinhold Schünzel (7 November 1888 – 11 November 1954)"}
{"doc_id":"doc_11","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:O Valencia!\"O Valencia!\" is the fifth single by the indie rock band The Decemberists, and thefirst released from their fourth studio album, The Crane Wife.The music was written by The Decemberistsand the lyrics by Colin Meloy. It tells a story of two star-crossed lovers. The singer falls in love with aperson who belongs to an opposing gang. At the end of the song, the singer's lover jumps in to defendthe singer, who is confronting his lover's brother (the singer's \"sworn enemy\") and is killed by the bulletintended for the singer.Track listingThe 7\" single sold in the UK was mispressed, with \"Culling of the Fold\"as the B-side despite the artwork and record label listing \"After the Bombs\" as the B-side.Music videosForthe \"O Valencia!\" music video, The Decemberists filmed themselves in front of a green screen and askedfans to complete it by digitally adding in background images or footage. Stephen Colbert of The ColbertReport, having recently asked fans to do the same with a video of him with a light saber in front of agreen screen, brought up The Decemberists on his segment \"Look Who's Riding on My Coattails Now\" andaccused the band of stealing the idea. The Decemberists' response was to challenge Stephen Colbert to aguitar solo showdown on December 20, 2006, on The Colbert Report.On January 19, 2007, TheDecemberists premiered an alternate music video of \"O Valencia!\", directed by Aaron Stewart-Ahn, onMTV2. The video follows a character named Patrick, played by Meloy, as he and his love Francesca (LisaMolinaro), daughter of \"the Boss\", plan an escape to an unknown location. At a cafe, a man in a suit,portrayed by the band member Chris Funk, tells him to hide in the \"Valencia\" hotel (the Super Value Innon North Interstate Avenue in Portland, Oregon) while he gets them the necessary documentation toescape. Above the name of the hotel, there is a neon sign that reads \"Office\". The letters have all burntout except for the \"O\", creating the title of the song. The video then introduces other characters - variousassassination teams - who sit in different rooms of the hotel waiting for the chance to catch the twolovers. Most are portrayed by other members of the band (along with Meloy's wife, Carson Ellis). They killoff any potential witnesses to their plan. Patrick manages to take down one member from each team,before they gang up on him. The Boss arrives, along with the man from the cafe, who reveals that hesnitched on Patrick and Francesca. They execute Francesca, while forcing Patrick to watch. After theyleave, Patrick finds a note by Francesca, which reveals that she never fell in love with him, and onlywanted protection. 2 months later, Patrick and the man, who has lost an eye from a previousassassination attempt, have a sit-down at the same cafe. The man reveals that he snitched on Patrickjust to take over the town. Patrick reveals that he poisoned a drink the man was having, but before hecould get away, the man stabs Patrick in the neck with a fork before dying, followed by Patrick.The videois somewhat influenced by the distinct style and themes of director Wes Anderson, with bold fonts beingused to introduce characters and groups on the bottom of the screen (much like in the film The RoyalTenenbaums). The band had previously (and more explicitly) drawn influence from Anderson's Rushmorein their video for \"Sixteen Military Wives\". The layout of the hotel is also similar to the one used in BottleRocket.Kurt Nishimura was chosen as the winner by mtvU for his video that depicted a love affairbetween a woman and her television, with the TV containing the green-screened Decemberists videofootage.Passage 2:Mimi (song)\"Mimi\" is a popular song written by Richard Rodgers, with words by LorenzHart. It was featured in the movie Love Me Tonight (1932), in which it was first sung by MauriceChevalier to Jeanette MacDonald, then later reprised by the entire company. Sergio Franchi performedthis song January 2, 1964 on the ABC Television special, Victor Borge At Carnegie Hall. Sergio Franchialso recorded \"Mimi\" on his 1963 RCA Victor Red Seal album. Women In My Life.Passage 3:CasparBabypantsCaspar Babypants is the stage name of children's music artist Chris Ballew, who is also thevocalist and bassist of The Presidents of the United States of America.HistoryBallew's first brush withchildren's music came in 2002, when he recorded and donated an album of traditional children's songs tothe nonprofit Program for Early Parent Support titled \"PEPS Sing A Long!\" Although that was a positiveexperience for him, he did not consider making music for families until he met his wife, collage artist KateEndle. Her art inspired Ballew to consider making music that \"sounded like her art looked\" as he has said.Ballew began writing original songs and digging up nursery rhymes and folk songs in the public domain to"}
{"doc_id":"doc_12","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Lyon CohenLyon Cohen (born Yehuda Leib Cohen; May 11, 1868 – August 17, 1937) was a Polish-born Canadian businessman and a philanthropist. He was the grandfather of singer/poet Leonard Cohen.BiographyCohen was born in Congress Poland, part of the Russian Empire, to a Jewish family on May 11, 1868. He immigrated to Canada with his parents in 1871. He was educated at the McGill Model School and the Catholic Commercial Academy in Montreal. In 1888, he entered the firm of Lee & Cohen in Montreal; later became partner with his father in the firm of L. Cohen & Son; in 1895, he established W. R. Cuthbert & Co; in 1900, he organized the Canadian Improvement Co., a dredging contractor; in 1906, he founded The Freedman Co. in Montreal; and in May 1919, he organized and became President of Canadian Export Clothiers, Ltd.  The Freedman Company went on to become one of Montreal’s largest clothing companies.In 1897, Cohen and Samuel William Jacobs founded the Canadian Jewish Times, the first English-language Jewish newspaper in Canada. The newspaper promoted the Canadianization of recent East European Jewish immigrants and encouraged their acceptance of Canadian customs as Cohen felt that the old world customs of immigrant Jews were one of the main causes of anti-Semitism. In 1914, the paper was purchased by Hirsch Wolofsky, owner of the Yiddish-language Keneder Adler, who transformed it into the Canadian Jewish Chronicle.He died on August 17, 1937, at the age of 69.PhilanthropyCohen was elected the first president of the Canadian Jewish Congress in 1919 and organized the Jewish Immigrant Aid Services of Canada. Cohen was also a leader of the Young Men’s Hebrew Benevolent Society (later the Baron de Hirsch Institute) and the United Talmud Torahs, a Jewish day school in Montreal. He also served as president of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim and president of the Jewish Colonization Association in Canada.Personal lifeCohen married Rachel Friedman of Montreal on February 17, 1891. She was the founder and President of Jewish Endeavour Sewing School. They had three sons and one daughter:Nathan Bernard Cohen, who served as a lieutenant in the World War; he married Lithuanian Jewish immigrant Masha Klonitsky and they had one daughter and one son:Esther Cohen andsinger/poet Leonard Cohen.Horace Rives Cohen, who was a captain and quartermaster of his battalion in World War I;Lawrence Zebulun Cohen, student at McGill University, andSylvia Lillian Cohen.Passage 2:Trịnh CươngTrịnh Cương (Hán tự: \u0000\u0000; 9 July 1686 – 20 December 1729) was the lord who ruled Tonkin from 1709 to 1729 (his title as ruler was An Đô Vương). Trịnh Cương was born to Trịnh Bính, a grandson of the former lord Trịnh Căn. He belonged to the line of Trịnh lords who had ruled parts of Vietnam since 1545. Like his great-grandfather and predecessor, Trịnh Căn, his reign was mostly devoted to administrative reforms.BiographyTrịnh Cương ruled Việt Nam during a time of external peace but growing internal strife. He enacted many governmental reforms in both financial matters and judicial rules. His main concern was the growing problem of landless peasants. Unlike the Nguyễn lords who were constantly expanding their territory south, the Trịnh lords had little room for expansion. Hence, the land supply was essentially fixed but the population kept growing.Trịnh Cương tried various legislative means to solve the problem. He tried to limit private land holdings. He tried to redistribute the communal fields of the small villages. Nothing really worked and the problem became very serious over the succeeding decades. According to historian R. H. Bruce Lockhart, the governmental reforms enacted by Trịnh Cương and his great-grandfather, Trịnh Căn, made the government more effective but, they also made the government more of a burden to the people. This had the effect of increasing the hatred felt by the people towards the Trịnh rulers in Hanoi.Trịnh Cương passed an edict forbidding people to practice Christianity in 1712. Like previous efforts to suppress Christianity, this had little real effect in Vietnam. However, he tried to offer the people an alternative, and he had many Buddhist pagodas constructed during his rule.As far as the Lê dynasty was concerned, the emperor, Lê Dụ Tông, ruled throughout Trịnh Cương's lifetime. The two men died within a few months of each other in 1729.SourcesEncyclopedia of Asian History, Volume 4. 1988. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.Annam and its Minor Currency Chapter 16 (downloaded May 2006)See alsoTrịnh lordsLê dynastyPassage 3:Kaya AlpKaya Alp (Ottoman Turkish: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000, lit. 'Brave Rock') was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kızıl Buğa or Basuk and the father of Suleyman Shah. He was the grandfather of Ertuğrul Ghazi, the father of the founder of the Ottoman Empire, Osman I. He was also "}
{"doc_id":"doc_13","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:La PuntaLa Punta, Spanish for \"the point\" or the promontory and may refer to:La Punta, SanLuis, ArgentinaLa Punta District, PeruSan Giovanni la Punta, ItalySan Salvador de la Punta Fortress,CubaSee alsoPunta (disambiguation)Passage 2:Turning PointA turning point, or climax, is the point ofhighest tension in a narrative work.Turning Point or Turning Points may refer to:FilmThe Turning Point, a1914 silent film starring Caroline CookeThe Turning Point (1920 film), an American film starringKatherine MacDonaldThe Turning Point (1945 film), a Soviet film by Fridrikh Markovitch ErmlerTheTurning Point (1952 film), a crime drama starring Edmond O'BrienTurning Point (1960 film), an AustralianTV playThe Turning Point (1977 film), a drama starring Shirley MacLaine and Anne BancroftThe TurningPoint (1978 film), a Soviet drama film directed by Vadim AbdrashitovThe Turning Point (1983 film), anEast German film by Frank BeyerTurning Point (2009 Hong Kong film), a spin-off to the 2009 Hong Kongtelevision drama series E.U.Turning Point (2009 American film), a documentary film on the travels ofMichelle YeohTurning Point (2012 film), a 2012 drama film by Niyi TowolawiThe Turning Point (2022film), an Italian filmLiteratureThe Turning Point (book), a 1982 nonfiction book by Fritjof CapraBatman:Turning Points, a 5-issue limited series of comicsThe Turning Point, a 1942 autobiography by KlausMannThe Turning Point, a 1988 short story by Isaac AsimovMusicTurning Point (American band), anAmerican straight-edge hardcore bandTurning Point (UK band), a late 1970s UK fusionbandAlbumsTurning Point (Benny Golson album) (1962)Turning Point (Mario album) (2004)The TurningPoint (John Mayall album) (1969)The Turning Point (McCoy Tyner album) (1992)Turning Point (LonnieSmith album) (1969)Turning Point (Pink Lady album) (1980)Turning Point (Chuck Wicks album)(2016)Turning Point (Paul Bley album)Turning Point, a 1995 album by Rory BlockTurning Point (Dr SIDalbum) (2010)Songs\"Turning Point\" (Tyrone Davis song) (1976)\"Turning Point\", a song by BuckwheatZydeco\"Turning Point\", a 2013 song by Killswitch Engage from Disarm the Descent\"Turning Point\", a songby Mighty Joe Young\"Turning Point\", a 1967 song by Nina Simone from Silk & Soul\"The Turning Point\", asong by Toto from TambuOrganizationsTurning Point (institute), a training and counseling institute inIrelandTurning Point (charity), a social care organisation in the United KingdomTurning Point Alcohol andDrug Centre, in Melbourne, AustraliaTurning Point USA, an American conservative, right-wingorganizationTurning Point UK, an off-shoot of Turning Point USATelevisionTurning Point (ministry),carried on TBN, broadcast from San Diego County, United StatesTurning Point, an American dramaticanthology series broadcast on NBC from April to October 1958 consisting of two unsold pilots and rerunsfrom other seriesTurning Point (1991 TV series), an Indian science magazine TV seriesTurning Point (TVprogram) (1994–1999), an American news programTurning Points of History, a History TelevisionseriesImpact Wrestling Turning Point, a professional wrestling pay-per-view event and episode of ImpactWrestlingTurning Point (2004 wrestling), the first event in the seriesTurning Point (2005 wrestling), aprofessional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2006 wrestling), a professional wrestlingpay-per-view eventTurning Point (2007 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurningPoint (2008 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2009 wrestling), aprofessional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2010 wrestling), a professional wrestlingpay-per-view eventTurning Point (2011 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurningPoint (2012 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2013 wrestling), aprofessional wrestling episode of Impact WrestlingTurning Point (January 2015 wrestling), a professionalwrestling pay-per-view event as part of the One Night Only seriesTurning Point (August 2015 wrestling),a professional wrestling episode of Impact WrestlingTurning Point (2016 wrestling), a professionalwrestling episode of Impact WrestlingTurning Point (2019 wrestling), a professional wrestling exclusiveevent on Impact Plus\"Turning Point\" (Amphibia), an episode of Amphibia\"Turning Point\" (Planetesepisode)\"Turning Point\" (Spider-Man), an episode of the 1994 animated series\"The Turning Point\" (TheVampire Diaries), a 2009 episode of The Vampire DiariesOther usesTurning Point: Fall of Liberty, a 2008first-person shooter video gameTurning point, in mathematics: a stationary point at which the derivativechanges signSee alsoCursus (classical)Turning (disambiguation)Passage 3:Edoardo MulargiaEdoardo"}
{"doc_id":"doc_14","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Joely CollinsJoely Collins (born Joely Meri Bertorelli; August 8, 1972) is a Canadian actress.She is the daughter of Andrea Bertorelli and of English musician Phil Collins.Early lifeBorn and raisedlargely in Vancouver, British Columbia, Collins studied at the Vancouver Youth Theatre, and later atLondon's Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts. She was adopted by her mother's husband, Phil Collins, upontheir marriage in 1975. They later had one child, son Simon (born in 1976). She was named Canada's\"Best Leading Actress\" at the age of 22 for her work on the television series Madison. She appeared onthe long-running drama Cold Squad. In 2009, she co-founded StoryLab Productions and produced theaward-winning feature film Becoming Redwood.Actress Lily Collins is her half-sister, born to her fatherPhil Collins and his second wife Jill Tavelman after he and her mother Andrea Bertorelli divorced in1980.Collins won the award for Best Actress in a Canadian Film at the Vancouver Film Critics CircleAwards 2004 for The Love Crimes of Gillian Guess.Personal lifeCollins married Dutch-born StefanBuitelaar on August 23, 2008, in Leiden, Netherlands. On October 26, 2009, Collins gave birth to theirdaughter, Zoë Amelie.FilmographyFilmTelevisionPassage 2:Phil CollinsPhilip David Charles Collins  (born30 January 1951) is an English singer, drummer, songwriter, record producer and actor. He was thedrummer and later lead singer of the rock band Genesis and also has a career as a solo performer.Between 1982 and 1990, Collins achieved three UK and seven US number one singles as a solo artist.When his work with Genesis, his work with other artists, as well as his solo career are totalled, he wasresponsible for more US top 40 singles than any other artist during the 1980s. His most successful singlesfrom the period include \"In the Air Tonight\", \"Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)\", \"One MoreNight\", \"Sussudio\", \"Another Day in Paradise\" and \"I Wish It Would Rain Down\".Born and raised in westLondon, Collins began playing drums at five and completed drama school training, which secured himvarious roles as a child actor, with his first major role at 13 as the Artful Dodger in the West End musicalOliver!. He then pursued a musical career, joining Genesis in 1970 as their drummer and becoming leadsinger in 1975 following the departure of Peter Gabriel. Collins began a successful solo career in the1980s, initially inspired by his marital breakdown and love of soul music, releasing the albums Face Value(1981), Hello, I Must Be Going (1982), No Jacket Required (1985) and ...But Seriously (1989). Collinsbecame, in the words of AllMusic, \"one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the'80s and beyond\". He also became known for a distinctive gated reverb drum sound on many of hisrecordings. In 1985, he was the only artist to perform at both Live Aid concerts. He also resumed hisacting career, appearing in Miami Vice and subsequently starring in the film Buster (1988).Collins leftGenesis in 1996 to focus on solo work; this included writing songs for Disney's animated film Tarzan(1999). He wrote and performed the songs, \"Two Worlds\", \"Son of Man\", \"Strangers Like Me\" and \"You'llBe in My Heart\", the latter of which earned him the Academy Award for Best Original Song. He rejoinedGenesis for their Turn It On Again Tour in 2007. Following a five-year retirement to focus on his familylife, Collins released his memoir in 2016 and completed his Not Dead Yet Tour in 2019. He then rejoinedGenesis in 2020 for a second reunion tour, ending in March 2022.Collins's discography includes eightstudio albums that have sold 33.5 million certified units in the US and an estimated 150 million recordssold worldwide, making him one of the world's best-selling artists. He is one of only three recordingartists, along with Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson, who have sold over 100 million records both assolo artists and separately as principal members of a band. He has won eight Grammy Awards, six BritAwards (winning Best British Male Artist three times), two Golden Globe Awards, one Academy Award,and a Disney Legend Award. He was awarded six Ivor Novello Awards from the British Academy ofSongwriters, Composers and Authors, including the International Achievement Award. He received a staron the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1999, and was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003 andthe Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Genesis in 2010. He has also been recognised by musicpublications with induction into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2012, and the Classic Drummer Hallof Fame in 2013.Early lifePhilip David Charles Collins was born on 30 January 1951 at Putney Hospital inWandsworth, south-west London. His father, Greville Philip Austin Collins (1907–1972), was an insurance"}
{"doc_id":"doc_15","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:George IV, Count of Erbach-FürstenauGeorge IV, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau (12 May 1646 –20 June 1678), was a member of the German House of Erbach who held the fiefs of Fürstenau,Michelstadt, Reichenberg, Bad König and Breuberg.Born in Hanau, he was the eighth child and fifth (butthird surviving) son of George Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg and his third wife Elisabeth Dorothea,a daughter of George Frederick II, Count of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg in Schillingsfürst.LifeBecause he andhis brothers were still minors at the time of their father's death in 1647, the guardianship and rule overthe Erbach domains were assigned to their eldest half-brother George Ernest, who ruled alone until hisdeath in 1669, without issue. George IV and his surviving younger brothers George Louis I and GeorgeAlbert II jointly held the Erbach lands until 1672, when  formal division of their possessions was effected:George IV received the districts of Fürstenau, Michelstadt, Bad König and Breuberg.George IV pursued amilitary career, and eventually he was appointed major-general in the Netherlands. He died in the Waalriver near Tiel, aged 32, at the end of the Franco-Dutch War, and was buried in Michelstadt.Marriage andissueIn Arolsen on 22 August 1671 George IV married Louise Anna (18 April 1653 – 30 June 1714),heiress of Culemborg and daughter of Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck by his wife Elisabeth Charlotte ofNassau-Siegen. They had four children:Sophie Charlotte (23 September 1672 – April 1673)AmalieMauritiana (1674 – 1675)William Frederick (March 1676 – 18 August 1676)Charlotte Wilhelmine Albertine(posthumously; 18 September 1678 – 20 March 1683)Because he died without surviving male issue, hisdomains reverted to his brothers, who divided them between themselves.== Notes ==Passage 2:GeorgeAlbert II, Count of Erbach-FürstenauGeorge Albert II, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau (26 February 1648 – 23March 1717), was a member of the German House of Erbach who held the fiefs of Fürstenau, Schönberg,Seeheim, Reichenberg and Breuberg.Born in Fürstenau, he was the ninth child and sixth (but fourthsurviving) son of George Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg and his third wife Elisabeth Dorothea, adaughter of George Frederick II, Count of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg in Schillingsfürst. He was born threemonths after his father's death, on 25 November 1647.LifeHe pursued a military career and became anOberstleutnant of the Imperial army.Following the division of the Erbach patrimony in 1672, GeorgeAlbert II received the districts of Schönberg, Seeheim and 1/4 of Breuberg; in 1678, following the deathof his brother George IV, he added to his domains the districts of Fürstenau and Reichenberg.GeorgeAlbert II died in Fürstenau aged 69 and was buried in Michelstadt.== Notes ==Passage 3:George AlbertI, Count of Erbach-SchönbergGeorge Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg (16 December 1597 – 25November 1647), was a German prince member of the House of Erbach and ruler over Schönberg,Seeheim, Reichenberg, Fürstenau and since 1643 over all the Erbach family lands.Born in Erbach, he wasthe fourth child and second (but eldest surviving) son of George III, Count of Erbach-Breuberg and hisfourth wife Maria, a daughter of Count Albert X of Barby-Mühlingen.LifeAfter the death of their father,George Albert I and his surviving elder half-brothers divided the Erbach domains in 1606: he received thedistricts of Schönberg and Seeheim.In 1617 he was captured by pirates and taken to Tunis, but shortlyafter he was ransomed.In 1623, after the death of his eldest half-brother Frederick Magnus withoutsurviving issue, the remaining brothers divided his domains: George Albert I received the district ofReichenberg.In 1627, with the death of another half-brother, John Casimir, unmarried and without issue,was made another land division; this time George Albert I received Fürstenau. Finally, the death of hislast surviving half-brother Louis I in 1643 without living sons, allowed George Albert I to reunite all theErbach family possessions.George Albert I died in Erbach aged 49 and was buried inMichelstadt.Marriages and IssueIn Erbach on 29 May 1624 George Albert I married firstly with Magdalena(13 November 1595 – 31 July 1633), a daughter of Johann VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg and his thirdwife Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein. They had six children:Ernest Louis Albert (6 October 1626 – 10May 1627).Louise Albertine (5 October 1628 – 20 October 1645).George Ernest, Count ofErbach-Wildenstein (7 October 1629 – 25 August 1669).Maria Charlotte (24 March 1631 – 8 June 1693),married on 15 June 1650 to Count Johann Ernest of Isenburg-Büdingen in Wächtersbach.Anna Philippina(15 July 1632 – 16 March 1633).Stillborn son (31 July 1633).On 23 February 1634 George Albert I"}
{"doc_id":"doc_16","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Agatha (wife of Samuel of Bulgaria)Agatha (Bulgarian: Агата, Greek: Άγάθη; fl. late 10th century) was the wife of Emperor Samuel of Bulgaria.BiographyAccording to a later addition to the history of the late-11th-century Byzantine historian John Skylitzes, Agatha was a captive from Larissa, and the daughter of the magnate of Dyrrhachium, John Chryselios. Skylitzes explicitly refers to her as the mother of Samuel's heir Gavril Radomir, which means that she was probably Samuel's wife. On the other hand, Skylitzes later mentions that Gavril Radomir himself also took a beautiful captive, named Irene, from Larissa as his wife. According to the editors of the Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit, this may have been a source of confusion for a later copyist, and Agatha's real origin was not Larissa, but Dyrrhachium. According to the same work, it is likely that she had died by ca. 998, when her father surrendered Dyrrhachium to the Byzantine emperor Basil II.Only two of Samuel's and Agatha's children are definitely known by name: Gavril Radomir and Miroslava. Two further, unnamed, daughters are mentioned in 1018, while Samuel is also recorded as having had a bastard son.Agatha is one of the central characters in Dimitar Talev's novel Samuil.Passage 2:Nína TryggvadóttirNína Tryggvadóttir (March 16, 1913 – June 18, 1968) was born Jónína Tryggvadóttir in Seyðisfjörður, Iceland. She was one of Iceland's most important abstract expressionist artists and one of very few Icelandic female artists of her generation.Early lifeNína Tryggvadóttir was born on March 16, 1913, in Seyðisfjörður. In 1920 the family moved to Reykjavik. She studied art from Ásgrímur Jónsson, a close relative on her father’s side. From 1933 to 1935 she also attended classes of Finnur Jonsson and Johann Briem. She moved to Copenhagen in 1935 where she studied art at the Royal Academy of Art. After graduating from the Academy in 1939 she spent time studying in Paris and was quite taken by the city.CareerIn 1942 she and her fellow artist Louisa Matthíasdóttir moved to New York City to study at the Art Students League of New York and develop her art further. There she took an active part in the city’s art scene.In 1949 she married Alfred L. Copley (alter ego: L. Alcopley). Later that year she went to Iceland for a short visit. There she was informed that she was not able to return to the United States because she was suspected of being a Communist sympathizer.During her exile from the United States she lived in various places in Europe, Iceland being one of them. Copley joined her in Paris where they lived for a few years together with their daughter Una Dóra Copley, born 1951. During those years Nina kept making and practicing her art, exhibiting in many places and traveling through Europe. They returned to New York City in 1959 where Nína continued to work on her art and exhibiting mostly in Europe. During all her years abroad Nína kept exhibiting in Iceland and was her input very valuable to the art society in Iceland.Mainly working in painting she also did paper collage, stained glass work, mosaic and more. She frequently based her compositions on nature where Icelandic landscape and the Nordic light played an important role.DeathShe died on June 18, 1968, in New York.Legacy and recognitionIn 2012, a crater on Mercury was named after Tryggvadóttir.In May 2018, the Reykjavík City Council signed a declaration of intent between the city and couple Una Dóra Copley and Scott Jeffries to set up an art museum dedicated to Nína Tryggvadóttir. The couple donated their art collection to the city.In 2023 her work was included in the exhibition Action, Gesture, Paint: Women Artists and Global Abstraction 1940-1970 at the Whitechapel Gallery in London.See alsoList of Icelandic women artistsPassage 3:Alfred L. CopleyAlfred Lewin Copley (1910–1992) was a German-American medical scientist and an artist at the New York School in the 1950s. As an artist he worked under the name L. Alcopley. He is best known as an artist for his abstract expressionist paintings, and as a scientist for his work in the field of hemorheology. He was married to the Icelandic artist Nína Tryggvadóttir.Work as a medical scientistAs a scientist, Copley studied the rheology of blood. In 1948 he introduced the word biorheology to describe rheology in biological systems.In 1952 he introduced the word hemorheology, to describe the study of the way blood and blood vessels function as part of the living organism.In 1966 he established the International Society of Hemorheology, which changed its name and scope in 1969 to the International Society of Biorheology (ISB).  In 1972 the ISB awarded him its Poiseuille gold medal.Work as an artistIn 1949 he was one of twenty artists who founded the Eighth Street Club. The group also included Franz Kline, Willem de Kooning and Alcopley's close friend, the composer "}
{"doc_id":"doc_17","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Abe MeyerAbe Meyer (1901–1969) was an American composer of film scores.SelectedfilmographyPainted Faces (1929)Honeymoon Lane (1931)Unholy Love (1932)A Strange Adventure(1932)Take the Stand (1934)Legong (1935)The Unwelcome Stranger (1935)Suicide Squad (1935)TheMine with the Iron Door (1936)The Devil on Horseback (1936)Song of the Trail (1936)County Fair(1937)The 13th Man (1937)Raw Timber (1937)Roaring Timber (1937)The Law Commands (1937)ThePainted Trail (1938)My Old Kentucky Home (1938)The Secret of Treasure Island (1938)Saleslady(1938)Numbered Woman  (1938)The Marines Are Here (1938)Fisherman's Wharf (1939)UndercoverAgent (1939)Passage 2:Tarcisio FuscoTarcisio Fusco was an Italian composer of film scores. He was thebrother of the composer Giovanni Fusco and the uncle of operatic soprano Cecilia Fusco.SelectedfilmographyBoccaccio (1940)Free Escape (1951)Abracadabra (1952)The Eternal Chain (1952)Beauties inCapri (1952)Milanese in Naples (1954)Conspiracy of the Borgias (1959)Passage 3:Thomas MorseThomasMorse (born June 30, 1968) is a composer of film and concert music.Life and composing careerHe beganhis musical career while in high school, writing his first orchestral work. After receiving a bachelor'sdegree in composition from the University of North Texas, Morse began a composition master's degree atUSC in Los Angeles, changing over to the film scoring program in the second year.In the years thatfollowed, Morse composed orchestral scores for more than a dozen feature films including The Big BrassRing, based on an Orson Welles script, with William Hurt & Miranda Richardson who received a GoldenGlobe nomination for her performance; The Sisters (Maria Bello & Elizabeth Banks); and The Apostate(with Dennis Hopper), as well as the noted orchestral score for Jerry Bruckheimer's CBS series TheAmazing Race.Working parallel in the field of popular music, he created string arrangements on songs fornumerous artists including a posthumous Michael Hutchence release entitled Possibilities.In 2013 hesigned a worldwide publishing agreement with Music Sales Group in New York, parent company of G.Schirmer.Notable music for film and televisionNotable music for film and television:2014 Come Back toMe2005 The Sisters2001-2005 The Amazing Race (69 Episodes)2001 Lying in Wait2000 TheApostate1999 The Big Brass RingOpera2017 Frau SchindlerOther works2013 Code Novus (album)Passage4:Yandé Codou, la griotte de SenghorYandé Codou, la griotte de Senghor is a 2008 Belgian-Senegalesedocumentary film written and directed by Angèle Diabang Brener and starring Yandé Codou Sène — twoyears prior to her death. The documentary is a portrayal of the life and work of Yandé Codou Sène,official griot to President Léopold Sédar Senghor, and one of the most influential Senegalese andSenegambian artists for decades despite not recording her first album until the age of sixty-five. Themusic is provided by Yandé Codou Sène, Wasis Diop and Youssou N'Dour.SynopsisThe griotte YandéCodou Sène, who is now around 80 years old, is one of the last representatives of the Serer polyphonicpoetry. This documentary, shot over four years, is an intimate portrait of the diva that traveled throughthe history of Senegal by the side of one of the country's legendary figures, poet President, LéopoldSédar Senghor. A sweet and bitter story about greatness, glory and the passage of time.AwardsFestivalde Cine de Dakar 2008: Audience Award for Best Documentary (6 December 2008)Passage 5:AndréSenghorAndré Koupouleni Senghor (born 28 January 1986), is a Senegalese footballer who played as astriker. He is currently playing for Chinese Super League team Cangzhou Mighty Lions.ClubcareerSenghor was loaned to Raja Casablanca, where he scored two goals in his first league match,against CODM Meknès, the second was one of the best of season.Senghor also played an important rolein Al-Karamah's run in the AFC Champions League 2007, while he was with the club on loan during2007.International careerOn 28 March 2009, he made his debut for the Senegal national football teamagainst Oman.Career statisticsAs of 3 January 2023.NotesPassage 6:Bert GrundBert Grund (1920–1992)was a German composer of film scores.Selected filmographyCrown Jewels (1950)Immortal Light (1951)ICan't Marry Them All (1952)We're Dancing on the Rainbow (1952)My Wife Is Being Stupid (1952)Knalland Fall as Detectives (1952)The Bachelor Trap (1953)The Bird Seller (1953)The Immortal Vagabond(1953)The Sun of St. Moritz (1954)The Witch (1954)The Major and the Bulls (1955)Operation SleepingBag (1955)Love's Carnival (1955)The Marriage of Doctor Danwitz (1956)Between Time and Eternity"}
{"doc_id":"doc_18","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Secrets of a Door-to-Door SalesmanSecrets of a Door-to-Door Salesman is a 1973 sex comedyfilm directed by Wolf Rilla. Also known as Naughty Wives.PlotThe film is about a young man who gets ajob as a vacuum salesman and finds that he has to fight off advances from femalecustomers.CastBrendan Price – David ClydeSue Longhurst – PennyFelicity Devonshire – SusanneVictoriaBurgoyne – Sally CockburnGraham Stark - Charlie VincentChic Murray – PolicemanBernard Spear - JakeTripperJean Harrington – MartinaSteve Patterson – Anthony ClydeJacqueline Logan – Mrs.DonovanElizabeth Romilly – NancyJan Servais – JaneJacqueline Afrique – RachelJohnny Briggs -LomanKaren Boyes – GirlfriendDavid Rayner – Bruce, the art directorRon Alexander – Ron, theassistantNoelle Finch – Edith Simons, the reporterPassage 2:Bill Porter (salesman)William Douglas Porter(September 9, 1932 – December 3, 2013) was an American salesman, who worked for WatkinsIncorporated based out of Winona, Minnesota. Born with cerebral palsy, Porter's background and workwas brought to the public's attention in 1995 when an Oregon-based newspaper published a series offeature stories about him.LifePorter was born in San Francisco, California, and at a young age moved toPortland, Oregon along with his mother. He was unable to gain employment due to his cerebral palsy, butrefused to go on disability. Porter eventually convinced Watkins Incorporated to give him a door-to-doorsalesman job, selling its products on a seven-mile route in the Portland area. He eventually becameWatkins' top seller, and worked for the company for over forty years.In 1995, the newspaper TheOregonian ran a feature story about Porter. The story of his optimistic determination made him thesubject of media attention across the United States. He was featured in Reader's Digest and on ABC's20/20. The 20/20 broadcast received over 2000 phone calls and letters, which was the most ever for a20/20 story. Porter was the subject of a 2002 made-for-TV movie on TNT called Door to Door, featuringWilliam H. Macy, Kyra Sedgwick and Helen Mirren. In 2009 the Japanese TBS network aired a TV movieloosely based on Bill Porter, also called Door to Door. It starred Ninomiya Kazunari and Rosa Kato asfictional versions of Porter and Brady. Porter died of an infection in Gresham, Oregon, on December 3,2013, at the age of 81.Passage 3:The Fuller Brush ManThe Fuller Brush Man is a 1948 American comedyfilm starring Red Skelton as a door-to-door salesman for the Fuller Brush Company who becomes amurder suspect.PlotSuccess doesn't exactly stare the unfortunate street cleaner Red Jones (Red Skelton)in the eye, and when he decides to propose to his sweetheart Ann Elliot (Janet Blair), who is a secretaryat the Fuller Brush company, she demands that he makes something more of himself before she canaccept the offer. She suggests he should follow the example of a salesman and friend of hers, KeenanWallick (Don McGuire), who works at her company. Red gets a chance to prove himself worthy soonerthan he had expected when he is fired from his job as a cleaner by his boss, Gordon Trist (Nicholas Joy),because he accidentally sets a trash can on fire in the line of duty, and smashes Trist's car window. Anngives him a chance to show his skills as a door-to-door salesman for the Fuller Brush company, and he isteamed up with her friend Keenan. Both Ann and Red are unaware that Keenan himself has a romanticinterest in Ann, and wants to get Red out of the way as soon as possible, so he can pursue Ann withoutcompetition. Keenan assigns Red a list of the hardest homes, and Red fails tremendously with his task ofselling to an almost impossible potential customer. He has a comical run-in with a troublesome small boy,and a beautiful model at another home tries to seduce him.Seeing how unsuccessful Red's sales attemptsare, Keenan comes up with the idea of a bet – the winner gets to pursue Ann without interference of theother man – which he suggests to Red. The bet is that Red won't be able to sell a single brush to thehouseholds on their run. Red takes the bet, and the next household on their run is the mansion of his oldboss Gordon Trist. After Red tries to hide from Gordon and the groundskeeper, Gordon recognizes Redand sends him packing, but his wife comes after Red and buys ten brushes from him.Red returns to Annaand Keenan in high spirits, until he realizes he forgot to collect the payment money from Mrs. Trist. WhenRed comes back to the Trist home, he overhears a conversation between his former boss, Keenan,Gregory Cruckston (Donald Curtis) and a few other persons, as they discuss their involvement in aracketeering operation. Red is caught eavesdropping and knocked unconscious after he is brought into"}
{"doc_id":"doc_19","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Karl Wilhelm WachKarl Wilhelm Wach (also Carl Wilhelm or Wilhelm Wach) (11 September1787 – 24 November 1845) was a German painter.LifeWach was born in Berlin in 1787, studied art at thePrussian Academy of Arts and was a pupil of painter Karl Kretschmar. At the age of just 20, Wach wascommissioned to paint an altar piece for the Paretz village church and produced his \"Christ with fourApostles\" (1807).Five years later came his artistic breakthrough, his painting of Königin Luise (1812).After spending 1813 to 1815 in the Prussian army, Wach then established himself in Paris. He metWilliam Hensel and the two became pupils of the painters Antoine Jean Gros and Jacques-Louis David. In1817 Wach undertook a longer study trip to Italy, above all  to study artists from Quattrocento. Hisstrongest influence – according to his own statements – was however Raphael. Two years later Wachreturned to Berlin (1819) and set himself up himself as a freelance artist. His first large commission was apicture for Berlin Concert Hall. Wach created for it a cover painting of the nine Muses. Prussian kingFrederick William III made available to Wach premises in which he then furnished a studio. Due to itsinfluence and its many pupils, this studio soon became a school. By 1837 it had nearly 70 pupils, almostall of whom went on to forge artistic careers. His activity as a teacher did not noticeably impair his artisticwork. Wach was honoured with the title professor and appointed a member of Prussian Academy of Arts(1820). To mark his 40th birthday Wach was officially promoted to royal painter (1827).Wach died in1845.Selected worksChrist with four Apostles (1807)Königin Luise (1812)The Communion and theAuferstehung Christ (in the Evangelist church of St Peter & Paul, Moscow)The beautiful Velletrinerin,(1820)Madonna picture (1826, for Prince Frederik of the Netherlands)The Three Himmlischen Virtues(1830, in Friedrichswerder Church in Berlin)Carl von Clausewitz (1830)Christ at the oil mountainPsyche ofAmor surpriseA life-large NympheBildnis Bettina von Savigny (1834)Johannes in the desert (1838)Judithwith the head of the Holofernes (1838)Königin Elisabeth von Preußen (1840)Passage 2:Wilhelm KarlRitter von HaidingerWilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger (or Wilhelm von Haidinger, or most often WilhelmHaidinger) (5 February 1795 – 19 March 1871) was an Austrian mineralogist.Early lifeHaidinger's fatherwas the mineralogist Karl Haidinger (1756–1797), who died when Wilhelm was only two years old. Thebooks on mineralogy and the collection of rocks and minerals of his father will almost certainly haveraised the interest of young Wilhelm. The collection of his uncle, banker Jakob Friedrich van der Nüll, wasby far larger and much more precious, even to such a degree that the famous professor Friedrich Mohs ofFreiberg (Germany) had been asked to describe it in detail. Young Wilhelm Haidinger and the professoroften met in the house of Wilhelm's uncle. After completing the \"Normalschule\" and the\"Grammatikalschule\" Wilhelm started out his pre-academical training at the local \"Gymnasium\". However,after completing only his first year, the \"Humanitätsclasse\", Wilhelm (now 17 years old) was asked byprofessor Friedrich Mohs to join him as his assistant at the newly founded Universalmuseum Joanneum inGraz.Scientific careerDuring the next five years in Graz and the following six years in Freiberg WilhelmHaidinger remained a devoted assistant and admirer of professor Friedrich Mohs. During these yearsHaidinger became more and more involved in scientific work. In 1821 Wilhelm Haidinger published hisfirst scientific paper: \"On the crystallisation of copper-pyrites\" in the Memoirs of the Wernerian NaturalHistory Society (Edinburgh), volume 4, pp. 1–18. This paper formed the start of a grand total of some350 scientific publications, all of which are listed in volume 3 of the Catalogue of Scientific Papers(1800–1863) and volume 10 of the same catalogue for the years 1864–1883. Apart from all these papersWilhelm Haidinger published several books: Anfangsgründe der Mineralogie, an account on the collectionof the \"k. k. Hofkammer im Münz- und Bergwesen\"; a review of mineralogical research (which grew into awell-known series edited by Gustav Adolph Kenngott); his Handbuch der bestimmenden Mineralogie; anatlas to this textbook on mineralogy and the first complete geological map of Austria-Hungary.In 1822Wilhelm Haidinger accompanied August Graf von Breunner-Enckevoirt (1796–1877) on a six-month trip;they traveled from Linz to Munich, Basel, Paris, London and Edinburgh. In Edinburgh banker ThomasAllan provided Haidinger with the means to translate Mohs' Grundriss der Mineralogie into English. (Thetranslation appeared in 1823 in three volumes: Treatise on Mineralogy.)In 1823 Wilhelm Haidinger left"}
{"doc_id":"doc_20","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:S. N. MathurS.N. Mathur was the Director of the Indian Intelligence Bureau between September 1975 and February 1980. He was also the Director General of Police in Punjab.Passage 2:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career in IrelandKennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history.He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003. In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery of Australia (NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing \"blockbuster\" exhibitions.During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship. However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later.  Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive. He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new \"front\" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above).Kennedy's cancellation of the \"Sensation exhibition\" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being \"too close to the market\" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor. However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn. Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous. The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was \"Catholic-bashing\" and an \"aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion.\" In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had \" obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art\". He has said that it \"was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far.\"Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system. The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003. Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not "}
{"doc_id":"doc_21","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Konstantin LopushanskyKonstantin Sergeyevich Lopushansky (Russian: КонстантинСергеевич Лопушанский; born June 12, 1947) is a Soviet and Russian film director, film theorist andauthor. He is best known for directing the apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic films Dead Man's Letters(1986), A Visitor to a Museum (1989), Russian Symphony (1994), and The Ugly Swans (2006).In 1997,Lopushansky was awarded the Honored Artist of the Russian Federation honorary title. In 2007, he wasawarded the People's Artist of Russia honorary title, the highest Russian civilian honor for performingarts.BiographyEarly lifeKonstantin Lopushansky was born on June 12, 1947, in Dnepropetrovsk, UkrainianSSR. His mother was Sofia Petrovna Lopushanskaya, who worked as a linguistic professor at VolgogradState University. His father was Sergei Timofeyevich Lopushansky, a front-line soldier who died in 1953from wounds he sustained in war.Education and early careerIn 1970, Konstantin Lopushansky graduatedfrom Kazan Conservatory as a violinist, and in 1973 he completed a postgraduate course at LeningradConservatory with a Ph.D. thesis in art criticism. Afterwards, Lopushansky taught at the Kazan andLeningrad conservatories for several years. Lopushansky took higher courses for scriptwriters and filmdirectors from the director's department at the workshop of Emil Loteanu.Upon graduating from thedirectorial courses in 1979, Lopushansky assisted Andrei Tarkovsky in directing the legendary filmStalker, based on the novel Roadside Picnic by Boris Strugatsky.Lopushansky's thesis film Solo made in1980 was about a musician playing his last concert during the Siege of Leningrad.Since 1980Lopushansky has worked as a production director at the Lenfilm cinema studio.Dead Man's Letters andbreakthroughIn 1986, Konstantin Lopushansky made his feature film directorial debut with thepost-apocalyptic film Dead Man's Letters, which was co-written by Boris Strugatsky. It was screened atthe International Critics' Week section of the Cannes Film Festival in 1987 and received the FIPRESCIprize at the 35th International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg.Lopushanksy's 1989 film A Visitor to aMuseum was entered into the 16th Moscow International Film Festival where it won the Silver St. Georgeand the Prix of Ecumenical Jury.Lopushansky's 1994 film Russian Symphony was screened in the Forumsection of the 45th Berlin International Film Festival where it received the Prize of the EcumenicalJury.Lopushansky made the 2006 film The Ugly Swans, based on the novel by Arkady and BorisStrugatsky. The science-fiction film was about a writer who visits a boarding school for gifted childrenwhere the teachers are mutants.Lopushansky's 2013 drama film The Role told the story of an actor whodecides to impersonate a deceased commander of the Red Army. It was shown in competition at the 35thMoscow International Film Festival. It received the Nika Award for Best Screenplay.KonstantinLopushansky's drama film Through the Black Glass was released in 2019.FilmographyPassage2:Vyacheslav RybakovVyacheslav Rybakov (Russian: Вячеслав Михайлович Рыбаков; born January1954 in Leningrad), is a Russian science fiction author and an orientalist, interested in the medievalbureaucracy of China. He is a frequent collaborator with science fiction director Konstantin Lopushansky.Screenwriting for his films The Ugly Swans, based on the 1972 novel by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky. Aswell as Dead Man's Letters in 1986, which he would later receive a Governmental Award of the RSFSR forthe screenplay in 1987 after its premiere at the Toronto Film Festival.BiographyRybakov graduated fromthe Oriental Studies Department of the Leningrad State University in 1976, mostly focusing on writingsabout the medieval bureaucracy of China and started. Soon after he studied at the Leningrad branch ofthe USSR Academy of Sciences Oriental Institute where he was able to publish over 40 thesis papers.While studying at Leningrad, the KGB had gained access to rough drafts of his anti-Soviet novel Trust dueto Rybakov sending drafts to friends and classmates. This resulted in the copies being seized by the KGBand a warning. Although the KGB has checked in with Rybakov several years later, Rybakov insisted onwriting the final draft of the novel using previous remaining drafts and memory. The novel was laterpublished a decade later. In 1983, Rybakov had met Konstantin Lopushansky to discuss writing thescreenplay for his film Dead Man's Letters. The process of developing the film allowed both artists tofreely express their visions for the production of the film and further productions further on, this was astark contrast to Russia's strict censorship rules at the time.Science fictionAmong Rybakov's works were"}
{"doc_id":"doc_22","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Thomas Scott (diver)Thomas Scott (1907 - date of death unknown) was an Englishdiver.BoxingHe competed in the 10 metre platform at the 1930 British Empire Games forEngland.Personal lifeHe was a police officer at the time of the 1930 Games.Passage 2:William Jolliffe, 4thBaron HyltonWilliam George Hervey Jolliffe, 4th Baron Hylton (2 December 1898 – 14 November 1967),was a British peer and soldier.Hylton was the son of Hylton Jolliffe, 3rd Baron Hylton, and Lady AliceAdeliza Hervey. He achieved the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in the Coldstream Guards and also served asLord Lieutenant of Somerset from 1949 to 1964. Lord Hylton married Lady Perdita Rose Mary Asquith,daughter of Katharine and Raymond Asquith, eldest son of Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, in 1931. He diedin November 1967, aged 68.He was succeeded in his titles by his elder son Raymond. The writer (of eg.Raymond Asquith: Life and Letters) John Hedworth Jolliffe is his younger son; his daughter Mary is thewife of John Paget Chancellor, son of Christopher Chancellor of Reuters. Mary and John Chancellor are theparents of the actress Anna Chancellor and the financial historian Edward Chancellor.Passage 3:WilliamJolliffe, 1st Baron HyltonWilliam George Hylton Jolliffe, 1st Baron Hylton  (7 December 1800 – 1 June1876), known as Sir William Jolliffe, Bt, between 1821 and 1866, was a British soldier and Conservativepolitician. He was a member of the Earl of Derby's first two administrations as Under-Secretary of Statefor the Home Department in 1852 and as Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury between 1858 and1859.BackgroundJolliffe was the son of Reverend William John Jolliffe, the son of William Jolliffe and hiswife Eleanor Hylton, daughter and heir of Sir Richard Hylton, 5th Baronet (who had assumed the surnameof Hylton in lieu of his patronymic Musgrave; see Musgrave Baronets) and his wife Anne, sister andco-heiress of John Hylton, de jure 18th Baron Hylton. Jolliffe first served in the Army and achieved therank of captain in the 15th Dragoons. He notably took part in the events at St Peter's Field in Manchesterin 1819 (the \"Peterloo Massacre\"). In 1821, at the age of twenty, Jolliffe was created a Baronet, ofMerstham in the County of Surrey.Political careerJolliffe served a year as High Sheriff of Surrey in 1830and then sat as a Member of Parliament for Petersfield from 1830 to 1832, 1837 to 1838 and 1841 to1866 and served under the Earl of Derby as Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department in 1852and as Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury from 1858 to 1859. He was admitted to the Privy Councilin 1859 and in 1866 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Hylton, of Hylton in the County Palatine ofDurham and of Petersfield in the County of Southampton.CricketJolliffe played a single first-class matchfor Hampshire in 1825 against Sussex. Jolliffe scored 12 runs in the match.FamilyLord Hylton married,firstly, Eleanor Paget, daughter of the Hon. Berkeley Thomas Paget, in 1825. Their eldest son HyltonJolliffe was a captain in the Coldstream Guards but died from cholera during the Crimean War. Hyltonmarried, secondly, Sophia Penelope, daughter of Sir Robert Sheffield, 4th Baronet, and widow of WilliamFox-Strangways, 4th Earl of Ilchester, in 1867. He died at Merstham House near Reigate on 1 June 1876,aged 75, and was succeeded in his titles by his second but eldest surviving son from his first marriage,Hedworth. His granddaughter Gertrude Crawford became the first commandant of the Women's Royal AirForce.Passage 4:Bill Smith (footballer, born 1897)William Thomas Smith (9 April 1897 – after 1924) wasan English professional footballer.CareerDuring his amateur career, Smith played in 17 finals, andcaptained the Third Army team in Germany when he was stationed in Koblenz after the armistice duringthe First World War. He started his professional career with Hull City in 1921. After making noappearances for the club, he joined Leadgate Park. He joined Durham City in 1921, making 33 leagueappearances in the club's first season in the Football League.He joined York City in the Midland League inJuly 1922, where he scored the club's first goal in that competition. He made 75 appearances for the clubin the Midland League and five appearances in the FA Cup before joining Stockport County in 1925, wherehe made no league appearances.Passage 5:Etan BoritzerEtan Boritzer (born 1950) is an American writerof children’s literature who is best known for his book What is God? first published in 1989. His bestselling What is? illustrated children's book series on character education and difficult subjects for childrenis a popular teaching guide for parents, teachers and child-life professionals.Boritzer gained nationalcritical acclaim after What is God? was published in 1989 although the book has caused controversy from"}
{"doc_id":"doc_23","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Immilla of TurinImmilla (also Emilia, Immula, Ermengard, or Irmgard) (born c. 1020; diedJanuary 1078) was a duchess consort of Swabia by marriage to Otto III, Duke of Swabia, and amargravine of Meissen by marriage to Ekbert I of Meissen. She was regent of Meissen during the minorityof her son, Ekbert II.LifeImmilla was the daughter of Ulric Manfred II of Turin and Bertha of Milan andthereby a member of the Arduinici dynasty. Her older sister was Adelaide of Susa.Her first husband wasOtto III, Duke of Swabia, whom she married c. 1036. After Otto's death in September 1057, Immillamarried again (c.1058). Her second husband was Ekbert I of Meissen.In 1067, shortly before his death,Ekbert I attempted to repudiate Immilla in order to marry Adela of Louvain, daughter of Lambert II,Count of Louvain and the widow of Otto I, Margrave of Meissen. After Ekbert's death in 1068, Immillaspent some time at the imperial court with her niece Bertha, before returning to Italy. It is possible thatshe acted as regent for her young son, Ekbert II, at this time.Immilla died in Turin in January 10, 1078.She is sometimes said to have become a nun before her death.Marriages and childrenWith her firsthusband, Otto, Immilla had five daughters:Bertha (or Alberada) (died 1 April 1103), married firstlyHerman II, Count of Kastl, and married secondly Frederick, Count of KastlGisela, inherited Kulmbach andPlassenburg, married Arnold IV, Count of AndechsJudith (died 1104), married firstly Conrad I, Duke ofBavaria, and secondly Botho, Count of PottensteinEilika, abbess of NiedermünsterBeatrice (1040–1140),inherited Schweinfurt, married Henry II, Count of Hildrizhausen and Margrave of the NordgauWith hersecond husband, Ekbert I, Immilla had the following children:Ekbert IIGertrudePassage 2:VolkoldVolkoldof Meissen (also Wolcold, Folcold, Folchold, Volhold, Volkhuld, Volchrad, Vocco; died 23 August 992) wasthe second Bishop of Meissen.LifeBefore his elevation to the episcopate all that is known of Volkold's lifeis that he was at the court of Emperor Otto I as one of the tutors of the Emperor's son, the  future OttoII. He seems to have been appointed Bishop of Meissen in 969. Before his elevation Volkold was thepatron of the young Willigis, later Saint Willigis, and used his influence to obtain for him a position in theImperial service. In 972 Volkold attended a synod in Ingelheim.When Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia,besieged the Albrechtsburg and the town of Meissen in 984 in support of the Imperial ambitions of HenryII of Bavaria after the death of Otto II, Volkold was obliged to seek refuge from the Sorbs in Erfurt, underthe protection of Willigis, and was not able to return to his badly-damaged headquarters until after there-conquest by Ekkehard I, Margrave of Meissen, in 987. In that year he put the diocese under Imperialprotection.Doubtless as compensation for the bishopric's many losses he received from Otto II severalgifts of estates, tolls and uses.While on a visit to Prague he suffered a stroke, on Good Friday 992, andreturned paralysed to Meissen, where he died on 23 August and was buried.Passage 3:Albrecht I ofMeissenAlbrecht I of Meissen (died 1 August 1152) was Bishop of Meissen from 1150 to 1152.LifeAlbrechtI is not extensively documented. He was supposedly from a family of the Sorbian nobility. Before hiselevation to the bishopric he was a cathedral provost. Otto von Freising mentions Albrecht in 1151 inconnection with the dispute between Friedrich II of Berg and Herman van Horne over the office of bishopof Utrecht.With the agreement of the Pope, the bishopric of Meissen, like that of Naumburg, was underthe protection of Burggraf Conrad I of Meissen, in return for which the bishops were expected toundertake appropriate tasks from time to time. At the beginning of 1152 Conrad III entrusted Albrecht,who had the reputation of being talented at languages, with a diplomatic mission to the ByzantineEmperor Manuel I Komnenos. The bishop died either on the way to Constantinople or in the cityitself.Passage 4:John I, Duke of Brunswick-GrubenhagenJohn I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (born:before 1322; died: 23 May 1367) was provost of the St. Alexandri Minster in Einbeck.He was the son ofDuke Henry I \"the Marvelous\" of Brunswick-Grubenhagen and his wife Agnes of Meissen, daughter ofMargrave Albert II of Meissen.Passage 5:Agnes of WaiblingenAgnes of Waiblingen (1072/73 – 24September 1143), also known as Agnes of Germany, Agnes of Poitou and Agnes of Saarbrücken, was amember of the Salian imperial family.  Through her first marriage, she was Duchess of Swabia; throughher second marriage, she was Margravine of Austria.FamilyShe was the daughter of Henry IV, HolyRoman Emperor, and Bertha of Savoy.First marriageIn 1079, aged seven, Agnes was betrothed to"}
{"doc_id":"doc_24","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Cry of the HuntedCry of the Hunted is a 1953 American crime film noir directed by Joseph H.Lewis.  The drama features Vittorio Gassman, Barry Sullivan and Polly Bergen.PlotAn obsessive lawman(Barry Sullivan) who works for the state chases an escaped fugitive (Vittorio Gassman) through theLouisiana bayou.CastVittorio Gassman as JoryBarry Sullivan as Lieutenant TunnerPolly Bergen as JanetTunnerWilliam Conrad as GoodwinMary Zavian as EllaRobert Burton as Warden KeeleyHarry Shannon asSheriff BrownJonathan Cott as Deputy DavisReceptionAccording to MGM records the film earned$376,000 in the US and Canada and $249,000 elsewhere resulting in a loss of $179,000.CriticalresponseFilm critic Hal Erickson, of Allmovie, has praised the directing of the film, writing, \"On the whole,the MGM B product of the 1950s contained some of the studio's best-ever 'small' pictures...Cry of theHunted is directed with flair by Joseph H. Lewis, who always managed to rise above the slimmest ofbudgets and the barest of production values.\"TV Guide in its film guide also wrote well of the film,\"Stylishly directed chase film from Lewis who had previously shown his talent in Gun Crazy...At one pointhe is caught but again breaks free, only to be recaptured again at the finale. Interesting subplot hasConrad waiting for Sullivan to make a wrong move so he can grab his job.\"Noir analysisCritics Alain Silverand Elizabeth Ward, in various sections of their analysis of the film, discuss a sub silentio theme found inthe movie: the homosexual undercurrent of the protagonists; they write, \"After an initial scene, in whichSullivan and Gassman wrestle each other to exhaustion and then sit sharing cigarettes like brothers,\"and, \"...even in his sleep [Sullivan] is obsessive as he dreams of the escapee in homoerotic terms,\" and,\"Gassman too seems drawn to his pursuer.\"Film critic Eddie Muller, in an interview for Bright Lights FilmJournal, agrees, \"I once showed this goofy B film called Cry of the Hunted, with Barry Sullivan andWilliam Conrad — it's swamp noir. In Los Angeles, the audience adored it. They howled, especially at theover-the-top gay subtext between the two lead actors. They fight, and when it's obvious the fight is over,they're still wrestling around the floor. Then they lie against the wall and smoke cigarettes. The L.A.audience ate it up.\"Passage 2:The Hunted (2015 film)The Hunted is a 2015 American film based on theaction comedy web series The Hunted (2001) created and directed by Robert Chapin. Starring Chapin andMonique Ganderton in lead roles. It tells the story of a struggling actor who leads a group of misfit slayersagainst an army of vampires. The film is one of the first to be produced under SAG’s New Media contractand was distributed online through Vimeo VOD.PlotComing to terms with his unsuccessful attempts atbecoming an actor, Bob (Chapin) is bitten by a vampire named Susan, (Ganderton) who is the daughterof a crazed vigilante slayer. Consequently, Bob becomes one of the Hunted, a small group of humans,bitten but not turned, who use cold steel and fighting technique to fend off vampires. The vampires,however, have developed an immunity to everything over the years, and the only way they can be killedis with a sword. Luckily, Bob knows how to wield a sword, mostly due to his starring role in a cheesy 80’saction flick called, “Vampslayer”. Find How Bob helps Susan and the Hunted defend the vampires formsthe rest of the story.CastRobert Chapin as BobMonique Ganderton as SusanDavid Lain Baker asHarryGary Kasper as DragosTex Wall as Lore MasterAndrew Helm as KevinAnthony De Longis asVincentProductionConception and writingThe Hunted began in 2001 as a long-standing Internet series,created by Chapin in an effort to train his credentials as a stuntman and VFX-artist. Embracing his skillswith a sword and his technical abilities behind the camera, he collaborated with his friends and colleaguesin order to combine their talents and undertake an underdog story of LA-based vampire hunters. The factthat user-generated content created by fans became the main content source for the online series isreflected in the theme of the film, where soccer moms learn to become vampire slayers, just like fanslearning to become filmmakers, thus providing everyone a chance to discover their true potential. Thedialogues in the film make use of copious lines from well-known films and poems, ranging from Scarface(1983) and Independence Day (1996) to Shakespeare.FilmingThe film received financial support in June2011 via a Kickstarter campaign. The film was shot in Hollywood, California in 2012 and is co-producedby New Deal Studios, the Academy Award-winning effects studio behind numerous blockbuster films,including Inception (2010) and Interstellar (2014). Post-production was completed in March 2015. The"}
{"doc_id":"doc_25","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Still of the NightStill of the Night  or In the Still of the Night may refer to:In the Still of theNight (film), a Czech filmStill of the Night (film), 1982 psychological thriller film, directed by RobertBenton\"Still of the Night\" (song), 1987, by Whitesnake\"Still of the Night\", a song by Quiet Riot from QRIII\"In the Still of the Night\", a 1932 popular song written by Hoagy Carmichael and Jo Trent\"In the Still ofthe Night\" (Cole Porter song), a popular song by Cole Porter\"In the Still of the Night\" (The Five Satinssong), 1956 doo-wop song, covered in 1992 by Boyz II MenIn the Still of the Night (album), a 1989Johnny Mathis album\"Lost in the Fifties Tonight (In the Still of the Night)\", a 1985 medley containing theFive Satins songPassage 2:Emile ArdolinoEmile Ardolino (May 9, 1943 – November 20, 1993) was anAmerican television and film director and producer, best known for his work on the films Dirty Dancing(1987) and Sister Act (1992). He won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for his film HeMakes Me Feel Like Dancin' (1983).Early life and careerArdolino was born in Maspeth, a neighborhood ofQueens, the son of Italian immigrants Ester (nee Pesiri) and Emilio Ardolino.He began his career as anactor in Off-Broadway productions, and then moved to the production side of the business. In 1967, hefounded Compton-Ardolino Films with Gardner Compton. In the 1970s and 1980s, Ardolino worked forPBS. He profiled dancers and choreographers for their Dance in America and Live from Lincoln Centerseries.Ardolino won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for the 1983 film He Makes MeFeel Like Dancin'. He found commercial success with the Academy Award-winning 1987 hit DirtyDancing.DeathArdolino died in California on November 20, 1993 of complications from AIDS. His lastfilms, The Nutcracker (based on George Balanchine's New York City Ballet adaptation) and the televisionproduction of Gypsy starring Bette Midler, were released and shown posthumously. Ardolino is buriedbeside his parents at St. John Cemetery in New York.Personal lifeArdolino was openly gay.Awards1969Obie Award for the Broadway production of Oh! Calcutta!19 Emmy Award nominations, winningthree1983 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for He Makes Me Feel Like Dancin'.PartialfilmographyHe Makes Me Feel Like Dancin' (1983)Dirty Dancing (1987)Chances Are (1989)Three Men anda Little Lady (1990)Sister Act (1992)The Nutcracker (1993)Gypsy (1993, TV movie)Passage 3:UltimateDirty DancingUltimate Dirty Dancing is a soundtrack album containing every song from the 1987 filmDirty Dancing, sequenced in the order it appears in the film. It was released on December 9, 2003, byRCA Records.Track listingTrack listing\"Be My Baby\" – The Ronettes\"Big Girls Don't Cry\" – Frankie Valli &The Four Seasons\"Merengue\" – Michael Lloyd & Le Disc\"Trot the Fox\" – Michael Lloyd & Le Disc\"Johnny'sMambo\" – Michael Lloyd & Le Disc\"Time of My Life\" (instrumental version) – The John MorrisOrchestra\"Where Are You Tonight?\" – Tom Johnston\"Do You Love Me\" – The Contours\"Love Man\" – OtisRedding\"Gazebo Waltz\" – Michael Lloyd\"Stay\" – Maurice Williams and the Zodiacs\"Wipe Out\" – TheSurfaris\"Hungry Eyes\" – Eric Carmen\"Overload\" – Zappacosta\"Hey! Baby\" – Bruce Channel\"De Todo UnPoco\" – Michael Lloyd & Le Disc\"Some Kind of Wonderful\" – The Drifters\"These Arms of Mine\" – OtisRedding\"Cry to Me\" – Solomon Burke\"Will You Love Me Tomorrow\" – The Shirelles\"Love Is Strange\" –Mickey & Sylvia\"You Don't Own Me\" – The Blow Monkeys\"Yes\" – Merry Clayton\"In the Still of the Night\" –The Five Satins\"She's Like the Wind\" – Patrick Swayze\"Kellerman's Anthem\" – The Emile BergsteinChorale\"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\" – Bill Medley & Jennifer WarnesChartsCertificationsPassage4:Dirty Dancing (disambiguation)Dirty Dancing is a 1987 film.Dirty Dancing may also refer to:DirtyDancing (1988 TV series), an American television series that aired on CBSDirty Dancing (2006 TV series),an American reality series that aired on WE tv networkDirty Dancing (2017 film), a musical televisionremake of the 1987 filmDirty Dancing (album), by Swayzak\"Dirty Dancing\" (song), by New Kids On TheBlockDirty Dancing (soundtrack), soundtrack to the 1987 filmDirty Dancing: Havana Nights (also knownas Dirty Dancing 2 or Dirty Dancing 2: Havana Nights), a 2004 filmDirty Dancing: The Classic Story onStage, a stage musicalDirty Dancing: The Time of Your Life, a UK TV seriesPassage 5:La Bestia humanaLaBestia humana is a 1957 Argentine film whose story is based on the 1890 novel La Bête Humaine by theFrench writer Émile Zola.External linksLa Bestia humana at IMDbPassage 6:Dirty Dancing: HavanaNightsDirty Dancing: Havana Nights (also known as Dirty Dancing 2 or Dirty Dancing 2: Havana Nights)"}
{"doc_id":"doc_26","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:O Valencia!\"O Valencia!\" is the fifth single by the indie rock band The Decemberists, and thefirst released from their fourth studio album, The Crane Wife.The music was written by The Decemberistsand the lyrics by Colin Meloy. It tells a story of two star-crossed lovers. The singer falls in love with aperson who belongs to an opposing gang. At the end of the song, the singer's lover jumps in to defendthe singer, who is confronting his lover's brother (the singer's \"sworn enemy\") and is killed by the bulletintended for the singer.Track listingThe 7\" single sold in the UK was mispressed, with \"Culling of the Fold\"as the B-side despite the artwork and record label listing \"After the Bombs\" as the B-side.Music videosForthe \"O Valencia!\" music video, The Decemberists filmed themselves in front of a green screen and askedfans to complete it by digitally adding in background images or footage. Stephen Colbert of The ColbertReport, having recently asked fans to do the same with a video of him with a light saber in front of agreen screen, brought up The Decemberists on his segment \"Look Who's Riding on My Coattails Now\" andaccused the band of stealing the idea. The Decemberists' response was to challenge Stephen Colbert to aguitar solo showdown on December 20, 2006, on The Colbert Report.On January 19, 2007, TheDecemberists premiered an alternate music video of \"O Valencia!\", directed by Aaron Stewart-Ahn, onMTV2. The video follows a character named Patrick, played by Meloy, as he and his love Francesca (LisaMolinaro), daughter of \"the Boss\", plan an escape to an unknown location. At a cafe, a man in a suit,portrayed by the band member Chris Funk, tells him to hide in the \"Valencia\" hotel (the Super Value Innon North Interstate Avenue in Portland, Oregon) while he gets them the necessary documentation toescape. Above the name of the hotel, there is a neon sign that reads \"Office\". The letters have all burntout except for the \"O\", creating the title of the song. The video then introduces other characters - variousassassination teams - who sit in different rooms of the hotel waiting for the chance to catch the twolovers. Most are portrayed by other members of the band (along with Meloy's wife, Carson Ellis). They killoff any potential witnesses to their plan. Patrick manages to take down one member from each team,before they gang up on him. The Boss arrives, along with the man from the cafe, who reveals that hesnitched on Patrick and Francesca. They execute Francesca, while forcing Patrick to watch. After theyleave, Patrick finds a note by Francesca, which reveals that she never fell in love with him, and onlywanted protection. 2 months later, Patrick and the man, who has lost an eye from a previousassassination attempt, have a sit-down at the same cafe. The man reveals that he snitched on Patrickjust to take over the town. Patrick reveals that he poisoned a drink the man was having, but before hecould get away, the man stabs Patrick in the neck with a fork before dying, followed by Patrick.The videois somewhat influenced by the distinct style and themes of director Wes Anderson, with bold fonts beingused to introduce characters and groups on the bottom of the screen (much like in the film The RoyalTenenbaums). The band had previously (and more explicitly) drawn influence from Anderson's Rushmorein their video for \"Sixteen Military Wives\". The layout of the hotel is also similar to the one used in BottleRocket.Kurt Nishimura was chosen as the winner by mtvU for his video that depicted a love affairbetween a woman and her television, with the TV containing the green-screened Decemberists videofootage.Passage 2:Donna SummerDonna Adrian Gaines (December 31, 1948 – May 17, 2012), knownprofessionally as Donna Summer, was an American singer and songwriter. She gained prominence duringthe disco era of the 1970s and became known as the \"Queen of Disco\", while her music gained a globalfollowing.Influenced by the counterculture of the 1960s, Summer became the lead singer of a psychedelicrock band named Crow and moved to New York City. In 1968, she joined a German adaptation of themusical Hair in Munich, where she spent several years living, acting, and singing. There, she met musicproducers Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte, and they went on to record influential disco hits togethersuch as \"Love to Love You Baby\" and \"I Feel Love\", marking Summer's breakthrough into internationalmusic markets. Summer returned to the United States in 1976, and more hits such as \"Last Dance\", herversion of \"MacArthur Park\", \"Heaven Knows\", \"Hot Stuff\", \"Bad Girls\", \"Dim All the Lights\", \"No MoreTears (Enough Is Enough)\" with Barbra Streisand, and \"On the Radio\" followed.Summer amassed a totalof 32 chart singles on the US Billboard Hot 100 in her lifetime, including 14 top ten singles and four"}
{"doc_id":"doc_27","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:S. N. MathurS.N. Mathur was the Director of the Indian Intelligence Bureau betweenSeptember 1975 and February 1980. He was also the Director General of Police in Punjab.Passage2:Sweepstakes (film)Sweepstakes is a 1931 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Albert S. Rogellfrom a screenplay written by Lew Lipton and Ralph Murphy. The film stars Eddie Quillan, James Gleason,Marian Nixon,  Lew Cody, and Paul Hurst, which centers around the travails and romances of jockeyBuddy Doyle, known as the \"Whoop-te-doo Kid\" for his trademark yell during races. Produced by thenewly formed RKO Pathé Pictures, this was the first film Charles R. Rogers would produce for the studio,after he replaced William LeBaron as head of production. The film was released on July 10, 1931, throughRKO Radio Pictures.PlotBud Doyle is a jockey who has discovered the secret to get his favorite mount,Six-Shooter, to boost his performance. If he simply chants the phrase, \"Whoop-te-doo\", the horseresponds with a burst of speed. There is a special bond between the jockey and his mount, but there isincreasing tension between Doyle and the horse's owner, Pop Blake (who also raised Doyle), over Doyle'srelationship with local singer Babe Ellis. Blake sees Ellis as a distraction prior to the upcoming big race,the Camden Stakes.The owner of the club where Babe sings, Wally Weber, has his eyes on his horsewinning the Camden Stakes. When the issues between Pop and Doyle come to a head, Pop tells Doylethat he has to choose: either he stops seeing Babe, or he'll be replaced as Six-Shooter's jockey in the bigrace. Angry and frustrated, Doyle quits. Weber approaches him to become the jockey for Rose Dawn,Weber's horse, and Doyle agrees, with the precondition that he not ride Royal Dawn in the CamdenStakes, for he wants Six-Shooter to still win the race.  Weber accedes to that one precondition, however,on the day of the race, he makes it clear that Doyle is under contract, and that he will ride Rose Dawn inthe race.Upset, Doyle has no choice but to ride Rose Dawn.  However, during the race, he manages tochant his signature \"Whoop-te-doo\" to Six-Shooter, causing his old mount to win the race. Furious thathis horse lost, Weber goes to the judges, who rule that Doyle threw the race, pulling back on Rose Dawn,to allow Six-Shooter to win, and suspend Doyle from horse-racing.Devastated, Doyle wanders from townto town, riding in small local races, until his identity is uncovered, and he is forced to move on.  Soon, heis out of racing all together, and forced to taking one odd-job after another.  Eventually, he ends up southof the border, in Tijuana, Mexico, working as a waiter. Doyle's friend, Sleepy Jones, hears of Doyle'splight. Jones gets the racing commission to lift the ban, by proving Doyle's innocence.  He then,accompanied by Babe, gets a group to buy Six-Shooter from Pop, and they take the horse down toTijuana, where there is another big race in the near future, the Tijuana Handicap.Doyle is reluctant to rideat first, however, he is eventually cajoled into it by Sleepy and Babe, and of course, his bond withSix-Shooter is there.  He rides the horse to victory, re-establishing his credentials as a rider. The filmends by jumping a few years into the future, which shows Doyle and Babe happily married, with a child oftheir own.Cast(Cast list as per AFI database)Eddie Quillan as Bud DoyleLew Cody as Wally WeberJamesGleason as Sleepy JonesMarian Nixon as Babe EllisKing Baggot as MikePaul Hurst as CantinaBartenderClarence Wilson as Mr. EmoryFrederick Burton as Pop BlakeBilly Sullivan as Speed MartinLillianLeighton as Ma ClancyMike Donlin as The DudeProductionCritical responseMordaunt Hall of The New YorkTimes gave a very non-committal review of this film, with neither much praise or criticism. While he gaveno indication of what he thought about the quality of the film, he enjoyed the performances of JamesGleason and Lew Cody, and he called Quillan's performance as Doyle \"original\".See alsoList of films abouthorse racingPassage 3:Albert S. RogellAlbert S. Rogell (August 21, 1901 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma - April7, 1988 Los Angeles, California) was an American film director.Rogell directed more than a hundredmovies between 1921 and 1958. He was the uncle of producer Sid Rogell.FilmographyPassage 4:IanBarry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas (1973)(short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986)(mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990)(mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)NotQuite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor Blake"}
{"doc_id":"doc_28","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Royal Tramp IIRoyal Tramp II is a 1992 Hong Kong film based on Louis Cha's novel The Deer and the Cauldron. The film is a sequel to Royal Tramp, which was released earlier in the same year.PlotHaving been revealed as the false Empress Dowager, Lung-er returns to the Dragon Sect camp. There, the sect leader reminds her of their mission to support Ng Sam-kwai's, a military general, campaign for the throne before abdicating her title to Lung-er.Siu-bo lounges at the brothel where he once worked but is then attacked by disciples of the One Arm Nun, an anti-Qing revolutionary figure, before being quickly subdued. When Siu-bo tries to take advantage of them, Ng Ying-hung, Ng Sam-kwai's son, exposes his lies. Scorned and unaware of the stranger's title, Siu-bo sends his men after Ying-Hung, but Lung-er, now disguised as Ying-hung's male bodyguard, easily fends them off.At the palace, The Emperor, wary of Ng Sam-kwai's intentions, marries off the Princess to Ying-hung and assigns Siu-bo to be the Imperial Inspector General of the wedding march, so that he can keep his eyes on the general's activities. This complicates Siu-bo's relationship with Princess when she tells Siu-bo she's pregnant with his child.The One Arm Nun and her disciple, Ah Ko, later ambushes the procession. Fighting to a standstill with Lung-er, the assailants escape with Ying-hung and Siu-bo. However, Siu-bo garners some respect from her when he reveals his dual identity as a Heaven and Earth Society commander. Lung-er finally catches up to them with reinforcements at an inn but only manages to rescue Siu-bo. Having been saved by Ying-hung before, Ah Ko elopes with him amid the confusion.At the Dragon Sect camp, Ying-hung and Fung Sek-fan secretly poisons Lung-er and turn the followers against her. She escapes with Siu-bo but must have sex with a man before dawn, otherwise she will die. However, this will transfer 4/5th of her martial arts' power to whomever she sleeps with. Despite Siu-bo's lecherous personality, Lung-er accepts his blunt honesty as a sign of virtue and chooses to sacrifice her virginity to Siu-bo and becomes his third wife.When Siu-bo gets back to the Princess, they execute a plan to castrate Ying-hung. With her betrothed no longer able to produce heirs, the Princess is taken by Siu-bo as his fourth wife. Enraged by the end of his family line, Ng Ying-hung prematurely gathers his troops and sets out to wage war with the Emperor. He tasks Fung Sek-fan with killing the Princess and Siu-bo. Though Chan Kan-nam manages to intervene and lets his disciple escape.Later, the One Arm Nun captures the elopers, Ying-hung and Ah Ko, and offers them to Siu-bo. Siu-bo pardons them and even takes Ah Ko as his fifth wife. Afterward, Fung Sek-fan is promoted when he surrenders Ng Sam-kwai's battle plans and Chan Kan-nam to the Emperor. Given Siu-bo's muddied history with the Heaven and Earth Society, the Emperor tasks him with Chan's execution. Siu-bo's newfound power is difficult for him to control, and Chan helps him master it in time for him to use it against Fung. Siu-bo also uncovers the secret of the 42 Chapters books after burning them in frustration, revealing hidden stones that are left unburned, revealing map coordinates to the location of the treasure all major parties have been attempting to locate.In order to save his master, Siu-bo defeats Fung with his newly acquired martial arts power after both falling into a hidden cave wherein the treasure is found, and swaps Feng's body with Chan's before the execution to save his master. And just as he was about to escape with his wives and Chan, the Emperor arrives with his troops, having been sold out by Siu-bo's opportunistic friend To-lung who is now involved romantically with Siu-bo's sister. But seeing that they are friends, his sister is in love with Siu-bo, and with Siu-bo bluffing that he's strong enough to demolish the Emperor and his entire army if he wanted, the Emperor lets them go, declaring that Siu-bo has died and no longer exists as far as he's concerned. Siu-bo laughs afterward that the Emperor fell for his bluff.CastStephen Chow as Wai Siu-boBrigitte Lin as Lung-erChingmy Yau as Princess Kin-ningMichelle Reis as Ah Ko/Li Ming-koNatalis Chan as To-lungDamian Lau as Chan Kan-namDeric Wan as Hong-hei EmperorKent Tong as Ng Ying-hung, Sam-kwai's sonPaul Chun as Ng Sam-kwaiSandra Ng as Wai Chun-faFennie Yuen as Seung-yee twinVivian Chan as Seung-yee twinYen Shi-kwan as Fung Sek-fanHelen Ma as Kau-nan/one-armed Divine nunSharla Cheung as Mo Tung-chu / Empress DowagerLaw Lan as founder of Divine Dragon SectTam Suk-moi as Ah NongHoh Choi-chow as Palace guard Wen Shan LunYeung Jing-jingWan Seung-lamLee FaiCheng Ka-sangHo Wing-cheungKwan YungTo Wai-woPassage 2:Coney Island Baby (film)Coney Island Baby is a 2003 comedy-drama in which film producer Amy Hobby "}
{"doc_id":"doc_29","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Peter BurroughsPeter Burroughs (born 27 January 1947) is a British television and film actor and the director of Willow Management. He is the father-in-law of actor and TV presenter Warwick Davis.Early careerBurroughs initially ran a shop in his village at Yaxley, Cambridgeshire.His first dramatic role was that of the character \"Branic\" in the 1979 television series The Legend of King Arthur. He also acted in the television shows Dick Turpin, The Goodies, Doctor Who in the serial The King's Demons and One Foot in the Grave.Film careerBurroughs played roles in Hollywood movies such as Flash Gordon, George Lucas' Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi (a swinging ewok), Willow, The Dark Crystal, Labyrinth and The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. In 1995, Burroughs set up Willow Management, an agency for short actors, along with co-actor Warwick Davis. He portrayed a bank goblin in the Harry Potter series (Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2).Personal lifeHis daughter Samantha (born 1971), is married to Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi and Willow film star Warwick Davis. He has another daughter, Hayley Burroughs, who is also an actress. His granddaughter is Annabelle Davis.FilmographyPassage 2:Ogawa MatajiViscount Ogawa Mataji ( \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, 22 August 1848 – 20 October 1909) was a general in the early Imperial Japanese Army. He was also the father-in-law of Field Marshal Gen Sugiyama.Life and military careerOgawa was born to a samurai family; his father was a retainer to the daimyō of Kokura Domain, in what is now Kitakyushu, Fukuoka. He studied rangaku under Egawa Hidetatsu and fought as a Kokura samurai against the forces of Chōshū Domain during the Bakumatsu period.After the Meiji Restoration, Ogawa attended the Imperial Japanese Army Academy and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in January 1871 and promoted to lieutenant in February 1874. He participated in the Taiwan Expedition of April 1874. Afterwards, he served with the IJA 1st Infantry Regiment under the Tokyo Garrison, and as a battalion commander with the IJA 13th Infantry Regiment from April 1876. From February 1877, he fought in the Satsuma Rebellion, but was wounded in combat in April and promoted to major the same month.In March 1878, Ogawa was Deputy Chief-of-Staff to the Kumamoto Garrison. He was sent as a military attaché to Beijing from April to July 1880. In February 1881, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and chief of staff of the Osaka Garrison. In March 1882, he was chief of staff of the Hiroshima Garrison. Promoted to colonel in October 1884, he was assigned the IJA 8th Infantry Regiment. In May 1885, he joined the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office. German General Jakob Meckel, hired by the Japanese government as a foreign advisor and instructor in the Imperial Japanese Army Academy highly praised Ogawa and fellow colonel Kodama Gentarō as the two most outstanding officers in the Imperial Japanese Army. Ogawa was especially noted for his abilities as a military strategist and planner, and earned the sobriquet “the modern Kenshin\") from General Kawakami Soroku.First Sino-Japanese WarOgawa was promoted to major general in June 1890, and given command of the IJA 4th Infantry Brigade, followed by command of the 1st Guards Brigade. At the start of the First Sino-Japanese War in August 1894, he was chief of staff of the Japanese First Army. In August 1895, he was elevated to the kazoku peerage with the title of danshaku (baron). He commanded the 2nd Guards Brigade from January 1896 and was subsequently promoted to lieutenant general in April 1897, assuming command of the IJA 4th Infantry Division. In May 1903, he was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasures, first class.Russo-Japanese WarDuring the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, Ogawa retained command of the IJA 4th Division under the Japanese Second Army of General Oku Yasukata.  The division was in combat at the Battle of Nanshan, Battle of Telissu and Battle of Liaoyang. At the Battle of Liaoyang, Ogawa was injured in combat, and forced to relinquish his command and return to Tokyo. In January 1905, he was promoted to general, but took a medical leave from December 1905. He was awarded the Order of the Golden Kite, 2nd class in 1906.  In September 1907 he was elevated to viscount (shishaku) He officially retired in November.Ogawa died on 20 October 1909 due to peritonitis after being hospitalized for dysentery. His grave is located at Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo, and he also has a grave in his hometown of Kokura.Decorations1885 –  Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class  1895 –  Order of the Sacred Treasure, 2nd class 1895 –  Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd class 1895 –  Order of the Golden Kite, 3rd class 1903 –  Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure 1906 –  Grand Cordon of the Order of "}
{"doc_id":"doc_30","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:One Does Not Play with LoveOne Does Not Play with Love (German: Man spielt nicht mit derLiebe) is a 1926 silent German drama film directed by G. W. Pabst. The film is an adaptation of the 1834play by Alfred de Musset, On ne badine pas avec l'amour. The film is considered to be a lostfilm.CastWerner Krauss as Fürst Colalto (Prince Colalto)Lili Damita as CalixtaErna Morena as Florence,ehemalige Opernsängerin (alumna opera singer)Egon von Jordan as Eugen LewisArtur Retzbach asNepallek, Hofmobiliardirektor (Director of the furniture of the court) (as Artur Retzbach-Erasiny)OresteBilancia as Der Freund (the friend)Gustav CzimegTala Birell as Bit Role (as Thala Birell)Karl EtlingerMariaPaudlerMathilde SussinSee alsoList of lost filmsPassage 2:Gustav CzimegGustav Czimeg (December 20,1877 – August 21, 1939) was a German actor of the silent period. He appeared in films such as MadameDuBarry (1919),  in which he played Duke Aiguillon, Die Rache des Titanen (1919), Glasprinzessin(1921), and One Does Not Play with Love (1926).Passage 3:The Flesh Is WeakThe Flesh Is Weak is a1957 British film directed by Don Chaffey. It stars John Derek and Milly Vitale. Distributors Corporation ofAmerica released the film in the USA as a double feature with Blonde in Bondage.PlotTony Giani is a Sohopimp who preys on young provincial women who come to London seeking work. Marissa Cooper, onesuch girl, has just arrived in London. Giani spots her and offers her a job in the Golden Bucket, anightclub. In her innocence, she does not realize the club is a front for prostitution. When she tries toescape from the pimp's control, she is set up by Giani and his brother Angelo and arrested by the police.Investigative journalist Lloyd Buxton persuades her to give evidence against the brothers leading to theirimprisonment and her freedom.CastJohn Derek as Tony GianiMilly Vitale as Marissa CooperWilliamFranklyn as Lloyd BuxtonMartin Benson as Angelo GianiFreda Jackson as TrixieNorman Wooland asInspector KingcombeHarold Lang as HenryPatricia Jessel as MillieJohn Paul as Sergeant FranksDenisShaw as SaradineJoe Robinson as LoftyRoger Snowden as BennyPatricia Plunkett as DorisNewmanShirley Anne Field as SusanSource: BFIProductionThe film was based on the Messina vice gangwho operated in the West End of London. Its original title was Women of Night then Not for Love beforebeing changed to The Flesh is Weak.ReceptionThe film was a box office success - according to Variety itwas the fourth highest grossing film in England. The movie is not listed in Kinematograph Weekly as oneof the most popular British films of 1957 but that magazine did say the movie was \"enjoying a triumphantWest End run\".The reception to the film enabled the producer and director to raise finance for anothermovie, A Question of Adultery.Passage 4:Blonde in BondageBlonde in Bondage (Swedish: Blondin i fara)is a 1957 Swedish drama crime film directed by Robert Brandt, who also wrote lyrics to the film's twosongs.  Distributors Corporation of America released the film in the US as a double feature with The FleshIs Weak. It was shot at the Metronome Studios in Stockholm.PlotNew York City reporter Larry Brand issent to Stockholm to do a story on Swedish morals.  A traffic accident leads him into rescuing a striptease artiste from drug addiction and pits him against a ruthless criminal gang.CastMark Miller as LarryBrandAnita Thallaug as Mona MaceLars Ekborg as MaxRuth Johansson as LailaBirgitta Ander asBirgittaEva Laräng as IngridAnita Strindberg as Telephone operator (credited as Anita Edberg)ErikStrandmark as OlleStig Järrel as KreugerBörje Mellvig as Chief InspectorDangy Helander as aProstituteNorma Sjöholm as a second ProstituteSangrid Nerf as a taxi driverAlexander von Baumgartenas Kuger's valetJohn Starck ...  Chief of guardsSoundtrackThe Blues Music by Ulf CarlénLyrics by RobertBrandtShock Around the ClockMusic by Ulf Carlén Lyrics by Robert BrandtExternal linksBlonde in Bondageat IMDbPassage 5:But the Flesh Is WeakBut the Flesh Is Weak is a 1932 American pre-Code comedy filmdirected by Jack Conway and written by Ivor Novello based on his 1928 play The Truth Game. The filmstars Robert Montgomery, Nora Gregor, Heather Thatcher, Edward Everett Horton, C. Aubrey Smith andNils Asther. The film was released on April 9, 1932, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.  But the Flesh Is Weak wasremade in 1941 as Free and Easy.PlotMax Clement and his father Florian, short of money, takeadvantage of wealthy British women by romancing them. Max's problem is that he is far more attractedto more attractive women, ones without the means to support him.While seeing a pleasant but plain LadyJoan Culver socially, Max is introduced to Austrian widow Rosine Brown, quickly falling in love with her."}
{"doc_id":"doc_31","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting forLucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986)(mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990)(mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)NotQuite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor BlakeMysteries (2013)Passage 2:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives andworks in the United States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months,resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to2019. He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery ofAustralia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the UnitedStates after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019, he succeeded DanMonroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career inIrelandKennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985)and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history.Heworked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and inIreland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), andDepartment of Finance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was Assistant Director at theNational Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association of ArtHistorians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003.In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery of Australia(NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged forseveral major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itselfand oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years ofthe museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, BettyChurcher, on showing \"blockbuster\" exhibitions.During his directorship, the NGA gained governmentsupport for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship. However,the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the originalarchitect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure,with a significantly altered design completed some years later.  Private funding supported twoacquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud'sAfter Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring theHolmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints,screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive. He was also notable forcampaigning for the construction of a new \"front\" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace,which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above).Kennedy's cancellation of the\"Sensation exhibition\" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial,and seen by some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being \"too closeto the market\" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of aspeculative art investor. However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which couldhave raised similar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists worksbelonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn. Its mostcontroversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and wasaccused of being blasphemous. The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against theexhibition, claiming it was \"Catholic-bashing\" and an \"aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion.\"In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had\"obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art\". He has said that it \"was the toughest"}
{"doc_id":"doc_32","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Traces of DeathTraces of Death is a 1993 Z movie mondo shockumentary that consists ofvarious scenes of stock footage depicting death and real scenes of violence.Unlike most earlier Faces ofDeath which usually included fake deaths and reenactments, Traces consists mostly of actual footagedepicting death and injury, and consists also of public domain footage from other films. It was writtenand narrated by Damon Fox.Since its release, Traces of Death has been followed by four sequels. Thefirst sequel, Traces of Death II, was released in June 1994. This was followed by Traces of Death III inDecember 1994, Traces of Death IV: Resurrected in 1996 and Traces of Death V: Back in Action in April2000.Film contentIn the first two films of the series, Damon Fox was the narrator. Darrin Ramage, whowould later become the founder of Brain Damage Films, would become the host for the third, fourth andfifth volumes. Unlike Faces of Death, the footage throughout the entire films are real and are not stagedor reenacted. Starting with Traces of Death II, scenes were accompanied by background music fromdeath metal and grindcore bands.Also contained in the series, especially in the first one, is footage ofstep-by-step autopsy procedures, which are shown from a coroner's point of view. Most of the otherfootage is recognizably notable. Among the footage samples seen on Traces of Death and in the sequelsthat followed are listed below.Traces of Death (1993)The 1993 murder of Maritza Martin MunozThe 1988police chase of armed bank robber Phillip HutchinsonThe 1980 Iranian Embassy siegeThe 1989 suicideattempt of Terry RosslandThe 1984 race car crash of Ricky RuddThe 1990 race car crash of AllanMcNishThe 1990 racing incident of Willy T. RibbsThe 1992 racing crash of Kerry MadsenThe 1986 Rally dePortugal crashThe 1992 crash of the monster truck Bad MedicineThe 1966 motorcycle stunt crash of EvelKnievelThe 1967 Caesar Palace jump stunt crash of Evel KnievelThe 1990 Dinamo–Red Star riotThe 1986Calgary Stampede chuckwagon accidentThe 1989 horse riding accident of Bill PeckThe 1990 parachuteskydiving accident of Mike Mcgee and Greg JonesThe 1992 Maracanã Stadium collapseAnatoly Kvochur'splane at the 1989 Paris Air Show crashing after a birdstrikeThe 1987 press conference suicide of R. BuddDwyerThe first film of the series also contains allegedly staged footage from Savage Man Savage Beast,where a tourist, Pit Dernitz supposedly gets mauled and eaten by African lions.Other scenes that featureanimals include undated footage of a pig experiment by military scientists at the Burn Center in Fort SamHouston (derived from a 1987 mondo film entitled True Gore), an animal control officer, Florence Crowellbeing attacked by a pit bull in Los Angeles, California in 1987, and a black bear getting shocked off autility pole in Albuquerque, New Mexico in 1989.The first two films both contain scenes of sexreassignment surgery, which is featured in the 1974 mondo film Shocking Asia. Some autopsy footageswere taken from the 1961 U.S. Army training film Basic Autopsy Procedure.Also included is an interviewwith James Vance, who had attempted suicide with a shotgun at a church playground in Sparks, Nevada(taken from the documentary Dream Deceivers).The only known footage showing evidence of Ilse Koch isincluded as well.Traces of Death II (1994)Iranian soldiers slaughtered by the Iraqi Regime during theIran–Iraq WarThe 1981 assassination of Anwar SadatBoston bomb expert Randolph G. LaMattina blastedin the face by a pipe bomb following its removal in 1985 [1]A robber blowing himself up after holding upa bank and being cornered by police at gunpoint in León, Spain in 1983A 1984 fire in a Rio de Janeiroapartment building, which led to four women falling to their deathsThe 1974 Joelma fireThe 1979Egyptian Embassy Siege in Ankara, TurkeyThe 1983 public execution of double murderer IbrahimTarrafAnimal attacks such as a rodeo horse stomping its rider's face and goring from running of thebullsThe 1963 self-immolation of Vietnamese monk Thích Quảng ĐứcNelson Piquet fighting with EliseoSalazar after a collision during the 1982 German Grand PrixA brawl at a press conference in Salt LakeCity, UtahThe 1985 Sanrizuka Struggle riotsThe 1980 Scottish Cup Final riotFootball hooliganism inGermany in 1988The 1985 Heysel Stadium disasterA courtroom outburst in Mobile, Alabama, in1992Riots in Seoul, South Korea in 1987The death of Karl WallendaThe 1984 shooting of Jeff Doucet byGary PlauchéThe 1986 Peruvian prison massacresThe 1987 assault on Prime Minister Rajiv GandhiTheexecution of Ishola OyenusiA 1984 hot air balloon accidentThe murder of Mark KilroyA deadly airshowcrash in San Diego in 1978A Blue Angels air show crash in 1985The Controlled Impact DemonstrationThe"}
{"doc_id":"doc_33","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Inoue Masaru (bureaucrat)Viscount Inoue Masaru (\u0000\u0000 \u0000, August 25, 1843 – August 2, 1910) was the first Director of Railways in Japan and is known as the \"father of the Japanese railways\".BiographyHe was born into the Chōshū clan at Hagi, Yamaguchi, the son of Katsuyuki Inoue. He was briefly adopted into the Nomura family and became known as Nomura Yakichi, though he was later restored to the Inoue family.Masaru Inoue was brought up as the son of a samurai belonging to the Chōshū fief. At 15, he entered the Nagasaki Naval Academy established by the Tokugawa shogunate under the direction of a Dutch naval officer. In 1863, Inoue and four friends from the Chōshū clan stowed away on a vessel to the United Kingdom. He studied civil engineering and mining at University College London and returned to Japan in 1868. After working for the government as a technical officer supervising the mining industry, he was appointed Director of the Railway Board in 1871. Inoue played a leading role in Japan's railway planning and construction, including the construction of the Nakasendo Railway, the selection of the alternative route (Tokaido), and the proposals for future mainline railway networks.In 1891 Masaru Inoue founded Koiwai Farm with Yanosuke Iwasaki and Shin Onogi.  After retirement from the government, Inoue founded Kisha Seizo Kaisha, the first locomotive manufacturer in Japan, becoming its first president in 1896. In 1909 he was appointed President of the Imperial Railway Association. He died of an illness in London in 1910, during an official visit on behalf of the Ministry of Railways.HonorsInoue and his friends later came to be known as the Chōshū Five. To commemorate their stay in London, two scholarships, known as the Inoue Masaru Scholarships, are available each session under the University College London 1863 Japan Scholarships scheme to enable University College students to study at a Japanese University. The value of the scholarships are £3000 each.His tomb is in the triangular area of land where the Tōkaidō Main Line meets the Tōkaidō Shinkansen in Kita-Shinagawa.Chōshū FiveThese are the four other members of the \"Chōshū Five\":Itō Shunsuke (later Itō Hirobumii)Inoue Monta (later Inoue Kaoru)Yamao Yōzō who later studied engineering at the Andersonian Institute, Glasgow, 1866-68 while working at the shipyards by dayEndō KinsukeSee alsoJapanese students in BritainStatue of Inoue MasaruPassage 2:Obata ToramoriObata Toramori (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, 1491 – July 14, 1561) was Japanese samurai warrior of the Sengoku Period. He is known as one of the \"Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen\" He also recorded as having been wounded 41 times in 36 encounters. He was the father of Obata Masamori.See alsoIsao ObataPassage 3:Takayama TomoteruTakayama Tomoteru (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000) (1531–1596) was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi–Momoyama period, who served Matsunaga Hisahide.He was the father of Takayama Ukon, and was a Kirishitan.Passage 4:Wendell WillkieWendell Lewis Willkie (born Lewis Wendell Willkie; February 18, 1892 – October 8, 1944) was an American lawyer, corporate executive and the 1940 Republican nominee for President. Willkie appealed to many convention delegates as the Republican field's only interventionist: although the U.S. remained neutral prior to Pearl Harbor, he favored greater U.S. involvement in World War II to support Britain and other Allies. His Democratic opponent, incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt, won the 1940 election with about 55% of the popular vote and took the electoral college vote by a wide margin.Willkie was born in Elwood, Indiana, in 1892; both his parents were lawyers, and he also became one. He served in World War I but was not sent to France until the final days of the war, and saw no action. Willkie settled in Akron, Ohio, where he was initially employed by Firestone, but left for a law firm, becoming one of the leaders of the Akron Bar Association. Much of his work was representing electric utilities, and in 1929 Willkie accepted a job in New York City as counsel for Commonwealth & Southern Corporation (C&S), a utility holding company. He was rapidly promoted, and became corporate president in 1933. Roosevelt was sworn in as U.S. president soon after Willkie became head of C&S, and announced plans for a Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) that would supply power in competition with C&S. Between 1933 and 1939, Willkie fought against the TVA before Congress, in the courts, and before the public. He was ultimately unsuccessful, but sold C&S's property for a good price, and gained public esteem.A longtime Democratic activist, Willkie changed his party registration to Republican in late 1939. He did not run in the 1940 presidential primaries, but positioned himself as an acceptable choice for a deadlocked convention. He sought backing from uncommitted delegates, while his "}
{"doc_id":"doc_34","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Louis, Count of GravinaLouis of Durazzo (1324 – 22 July 1362) was Count of Gravina andMorrone. He was the son of John of Durazzo and Agnes of Périgord.In 1337, he was named Vicar- andCaptain-General of the Kingdom of Albania. During the ascension of the Durazzeschi at the court ofNaples during the reign of Joanna I, he was one of the royal ambassadors to the Roman Curia. Upon theinvasion of Louis I of Hungary and the execution of his elder brother, Charles, Duke of Durazzo, in 1348,he was imprisoned, with his younger brother Robert of Durazzo, until 1352. The rest of his life was spentstirring up revolts against Joanna in Apulia with the aid of some Free Companions. These were ultimatelyquashed in 1360 by Louis of Taranto, and Louis of Durazzo was imprisoned in the Castel dell'Ovo inNaples and murdered by poison.FamilyHe married Margaret of Sanseverino in 1343, by whom he hadthree children:Louis (1344–d. young)Charles III of Naples (1345–1386)Agnes (1347–d. young)Passage2:Louisa Montagu Douglas Scott, Duchess of BuccleuchLouisa Jane Montagu Douglas Scott, Duchess ofBuccleuch and Queensberry  (26 August 1836 – 16 March 1912) was the daughter of James Hamilton, 1stDuke of Abercorn.  In 1884, she became the Duchess of Buccleuch and Duchess of Queensberry, the wifeof William Henry Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 6th Duke of Buccleuch and 8th Duke of Queensberry.She was the paternal grandmother of Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, and of Marian Louisa, LadyElmhirst, as well as a maternal great-grandmother of Prince William of Gloucester and Prince Richard,Duke of Gloucester, and a great-great-grandmother of Sarah, Duchess of York. Diana, Princess of Wales,is one of her great-great-great-nieces.Early life, marriage, and familyLouisa Jane Hamilton was born onFriday 26 August 1836 in Brighton, Sussex, England, the third child of fourteen born to James Hamilton,1st Duke of Abercorn, and the former Lady Louisa Russell, daughter of John Russell, 6th Duke ofBedford.She married William Montagu Douglas Scott, Earl of Dalkeith, on 22 November 1859 in London.Lord Dalkeith was the eldest son of the Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch, and hiswife, the former Lady Charlotte Thynne. They had six sons and two daughters:Walter Henry MontaguDouglas Scott, Earl of Dalkeith (17 January 1861 – 18 September 1886)John Charles Montagu DouglasScott, 7th Duke of Buccleuch (30 March 1864 – 19 October 1935)Lord George William Montagu DouglasScott (31 August 1866 – 23 February 1947); married on 30 April 1903 Lady Elizabeth Emily Manners(daughter of John Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland and Janetta Hughan) and had issueLord Henry FrancisMontagu Douglas Scott (15 January 1868 – 19 April 1945)Lord Herbert Andrew Montagu Douglas Scott(30 November 1872 – 17 June 1944); married 26 April 1905 Marie Josephine Edwards and had issue,maternal grandfather of Sarah, Duchess of YorkLady Katharine Mary Montagu Douglas Scott (25 March1875 – 7 March 1951); married Thomas Brand, 3rd Viscount Hampden, and had issueLady ConstanceAnne Montagu Douglas Scott (10 March 1877 – 7 May 1970); married on 21 January 1908 The Hon.Douglas Halyburton Cairns (son of Hugh Cairns, 1st Earl Cairns and Mary Harriet McNeill) and hadissueLord Francis George Montagu Douglas Scott (1 November 1879 – 26 July 1952); married on 11February 1915 Lady Eileen Nina Evelyn Sibell Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound (daughter of GilbertElliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto, and Lady Mary Caroline Grey) and had issueCareerSheserved as Mistress of the Robes to Queen Victoria from 1885 – 1892 (Conservative), and again from 1895– 1901. She was appointed Mistress of the Robes to Queen Alexandra in 1901, a position in which sheserved until her death in 1912.DeathThe duchess died on Saturday 16 March 1912, in her 76th year, atDalkeith Palace, Midlothian, Scotland.  She was survived by her husband, and six of her children and theirfamilies.She was buried on Wednesday 20 March 1912 in the Buccleuch family crypt in St. Mary's Church,Dalkeith Palace, Midlothian, Scotland.Titles, styles, and honours16 April 1884 – 1912: The Duchess ofBuccleuch and QueensberryHonours1885: Invested as Lady, Royal Order of Victoria and Albert (VA), 3rdClass1885 – 1892 and 1895 – 1901:  Mistress of the Robes to Queen Victoria1901 – 1912: Mistress ofthe Robes to Queen AlexandraAncestryPassage 3:Joanna, Duchess of DurazzoJoanna of Durazzo (1344 –20 July 1387) was the eldest daughter and eldest surviving child of Charles, Duke of Durazzo, and hiswife, Maria of Calabria. She succeeded as duchess on the death of her father in 1348 when she was onlya child of four years old. Joanna was a member of the House of Anjou-Durazzo.She reigned as Duchess of"}
{"doc_id":"doc_35","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Beatrice of Bourbon, Queen of BohemiaBeatrice of Bourbon (1320 – 23 December 1383) was a French noblewoman. A member of the House of Bourbon, she was by marriage Queen of Bohemia and Countess of Luxembourg.She was the youngest daughter of Louis I, Duke of Bourbon, and Mary of Avesnes.LifeMarriageOn 28 September 1330, Queen Elisabeth of Bohemia, wife of King John of Bohemia, died:\"The news was that the King, distraught for the loss of his wife manifested his feelings using mourning clothes, after all, they were married for twenty years, and yet remained completely himself with a brief time, this was in Bohemia, the other side used to be mostly in their county or elsewhere, where he discussed the matter.\"Despite the fact that John and Elisabeth became estranged during the last years of their marriage, the king remained a widower for the next four years. The French King Philip VI wanted to tie John more closely with France, and he suggested to the Bohemian king a second marriage. The proposed bride was Beatrice, youngest daughter of the Duke of Bourbon and member of a cadet branch of the House of Capet. Beatrice was already betrothed, however, to Philip, the second son of Philip I, Prince of Taranto, as of 29 May 1321. The engagement was broken soon after the marriage negotiations with Bohemia started.The marriage of King John of Bohemia and Beatrice of Bourbon was solemnized in the Château de Vincennes in December 1334, at which time she was fourteen years old. But because the two were related in a prohibited degree (they were second cousins through their common descent from Henry V, Count of Luxembourg, and his wife Margaret of Bar), Pope Benedict XII had to give dispensation for the marriage, which was granted in Avignon on 9 January 1335 at the request of Philip VI.The marriage contract stipulated that if a son was born from the marriage, the County of Luxembourg (King John's paternal heritage), as well as lands belonging to it, would go to him. King John's sons from his first marriage, Charles and John Henry, were not informed of the contents of the marriage contract, but both princes were compelled to accept it along with the knights and citizens of Luxembourg in August 1335.Life in BohemiaBeatrice arrived in Bohemia on 2 January 1336:\"...our father came to Bohemia and brought him a wife, named Beatrix, daughter of the Duke of Bourbon and relative of the King of the Frenchs...\"In the Bohemian court, Beatrice took care of the wife of her oldest stepson Charles, Blanche of Valois. Both women could easily communicate in French. The Queen soon felt ill-at-ease in Prague, where she was always compared unfavorably with the Margravine of Moravia (Blanche's title as wife of the Bohemian heir). Also, the Czech people were offended by her coldness, insolence and aversion to learning their language.The new Queen of Bohemia and Countess of Luxembourg brought with her an annual income of 4,000 livres extracted from her father's County of Clermont. On 25 February 1337, Beatrice gave birth in Prague to her only child, a son named Wenceslaus after the holy patron of the Přemyslid dynasty; probably calling her son with this name either the queen or her husband tried to gain the favor of the Bohemians. There is some indirect evidence that this was the first caesarean section that was survived by both the mother and child. However, the relationship between Beatrice and her new subjects remained estranged: her coronation as Queen of Bohemia in St. Vitus Cathedral three months later, on 18 May, was an event of spectacular indifference  from the citizens of Prague.Shortly after her coronation, in June 1337, Beatrice left Bohemia leaving her son behind, and went to live in Luxembourg. After this, she rarely visited the Bohemian Kingdom.Later YearsOn 26 August 1346 King John was killed in the Battle of Crécy and Beatrice ceased to be queen consort. Her stepson, now King Charles of Bohemia, confirmed the provisions of her marriage contract. Beatrice, now Dowager Queen of Bohemia, received in perpetuity lands in the County of Hainaut, the rent of 4,000 livres and the towns of Arlon, Marville and Damvillers (where she settled her residence) as her widow's estate. These revenues were used not only for their own needs, but also for the education of her son. King Charles also left her all the movable property and income from the mines in Kutná Hora. In addition, when her father Duke Louis I of Bourbon died in 1342, she received the sum of 1,000 livres, which was secured from the town of Creil.Around 1347, Beatrice married for a second time to Eudes II, Lord of Grancey, (then a widower) at her state of Damvillers. Despite her new marriage, she retained the title of Queen of Bohemia. The couple had no children. Soon after her second marriage, she arranged the betrothal of her son Wenceslaus with the widowed Joanna, Duchess of Brabant, daughter and "}
{"doc_id":"doc_36","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:John G. AdolfiJohn Gustav Adolfi (February 19, 1888 – May 11, 1933) was an American silentfilm director, actor, and screenwriter who was involved in more than 100 productions throughout hiscareer. An early acting credit was in the recently restored 1912 film Robin Hood.BiographyHe was born inNew York City to Gustav Adolfi and Jennie Reinhardt. Adolfi entered films as an actor in The Spy: ARomantic Story of the Civil War in 1907, but after appearing in thirty or so films he switched roles andconcentrated on directing until his death in 1933 from a brain hemorrhage in British Columbia, Canadawhile hunting bears.FilmographyPassage 2:Who's Your Daddy? (film)Who's Your Daddy? is a 2002American comedy film directed and directed by Andy Fickman.SynopsisChris Hughes (Brandon Davis), anadopted and geeky Ohio high school senior, discovers that his recently deceased birth parents are theproprietors of a vast pornography empire and he is the inherited heir. Dropped into a bitter powerstruggle, his new flock of beautiful co-workers come to his aid. Chris Hughes is an outsider and geek inOhio. He is in the middle of his senior year at high school and he is 18 years old. Chris earns extra moneyworking on a paper route riding a moped. Right now, he would do anything to get out of the job. Chris israised by his religious parents, Carl Hughes (Dave Thomas) and Beverly Hughes (Colleen Camp). Theyown a grocery store and are very strict on no drinking, smoking. sex until marriage. They also don'ttolerate porn or porn magazines that Chris hides under his bed. His little adopted brother Danny Hughes(Justin Berfield) is popular and has a better chance with a girl than Chris. Danny usually gets away withmurder from his parents; Chris always ends up getting in trouble. Chris is a reporter in the schoolnewspaper, and he is a good writer. However, he is always late on deadlines or dedication. He has acrush on the most popular girl Brittany Van Horn (Marnette Patterson), who is the mean girl of theirschool. She dreams about getting out of town and becoming a famous actress or model. She has anentourage, too, and she is dating Hudson Reed (Ryan Bittle) on and off. Hudson is the popularjock—handsome and able to get any girl he wants. Chris always wished he could be like him sometimes.Chris even fantasizes a lot of times, wishing he could hook up with Brittany. It is never going to happen,as she does not know Chris even exists. Brittany only dates good-looking popular guys. Chris and hisfriends, who are nerdy perverts like Adam Torey (Charlie Talbert), Scooter (Martin Starr), Murphy (RobertRi'chard) and Steven Chambers, are labeled as the outsiders and geeks of their high school. For once,they want to do something noticeable to earn a ticket to popularity. Chris had an idea to throw a party athis house while his parents are out of town. They need the booze to attract the popular crowd, especiallyBrittany and her entourage.Production and releaseThe film's producers intended for Who's Your Daddy?to capitalize on the start of the 21st century's teenage sex comedy revival, as spearheaded by 1999'sAmerican Pie.Fickman shot the film in 2001, but after an unsuccessful test-screening process in 2002, thefilm was shelved for a number of years. Unreleased theatrically in North America, Who's Your Daddy?finally reached US audiences on DVD in January 2005, followed by a short run in Icelandic cinemas thefollowing summer.Passage 3:Hassan ZeeHassan \"Doctor\" Zee is a Pakistani-American film director whowas born in Chakwal, Pakistan.Early lifeDoctor Zee grew up in Chakwal, a small village in Punjab,Pakistan. as one of seven brothers and sisters  His father was in the military and this fact required thefamily to move often to different cities. As a child Zee was forbidden from watching cinema because hisfather believed movies were a bad influence on children.At age 13, Doctor Zee got his start in the worldof entertainment at Radio Pakistan where he wrote and produced radio dramas and musical programs.  Itwas then that he realized his passion for storytelling At the age of 26, Doctor Zee earned his medicaldoctorate degree and did his residency in a burn unit at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences. Hecared for women who were victims of  \"Bride Burning,\" the archaic practice used as a form of punishmentagainst women who fail to provide sufficient dowry to their in-laws after marriage or fail to provideoffspring.  He also witnessed how his country’s transgender and intersex people, called “hijras”, werebanned from having jobs and forced to beg to survive. These experiences inspired Doctor Zee to tacklethe issues of women’s empowerment and gender inequality in his films.In 1999, he came to SanFrancisco to pursue his dream of filmmaking and made San Francisco his homeEducationHe received his"}
{"doc_id":"doc_37","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Dana BlanksteinDana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of theSam Spiegel Film and Television School. She was appointed by the board of directors  in November2019.  Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television. She is a film director,and an Israeli culture entrepreneur.BiographyDana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatredirector Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein. She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in TelAviv.Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with highhonors. During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina'sTragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners.  She also directed and shot 'the making of' film onGavison's film Lost and Found. Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival,2007.Film and academic careerAfter her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and televisiondepartment at the Kfar Saba municipality. The department encouraged and promoted productions filmedin the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educational communityactivities.Blankstein directed the mini-series \"Tel Aviviot\" (2012). From 2016-2019 was the director ofthe Israeli Academy of Film and Television.In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed thenew director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees the Sam SpiegelInternational Film Lab. In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and the filmpreparatory program for Arabic speakers in east Jerusalem.FilmographyTel Aviviot (mini-series; director,2012)Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)Camping (debut film,Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)Passage 2:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian PatrickKennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland andAustralia, and now lives and works in the United States.  He was the director of the Peabody EssexMuseum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director of the ToledoMuseum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currentlylives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art atDartmouth College. In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Earlylife and career in IrelandKennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A.(1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both arthistory and history.He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission,Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office(1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He wasAssistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of theIrish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art MuseumDirectors from 2001 to 2003. In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery ofAustralia.National Gallery of Australia (NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loansprogram throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased thenumber of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-mediasite.  Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinuedthe emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing \"blockbuster\" exhibitions.During hisdirectorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant privatedonations and corporate sponsorship. However, the initial design for the building proved controversialgenerating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the projectwas not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some yearslater.  Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger GrandCanyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collectionsat the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tylercollection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop"}
{"doc_id":"doc_38","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Danny DeVitoDaniel Michael DeVito Jr. (born November 17, 1944) is an American actor,comedian, and filmmaker. He gained prominence for his portrayal of the taxi dispatcher Louie De Palmain the television series Taxi (1978–1983), which won him a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award. Heplays Frank Reynolds on the FX and FXX sitcom It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (2006–present).He isknown for his film roles in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), Terms of Endearment (1983),Romancing the Stone (1984), Throw Momma from the Train (1987), Twins (1988), The War of the Roses(1989), Batman Returns (1992), Jack the Bear (1993), Junior (1994), Get Shorty (1995), Matilda (1996),L.A. Confidential (1997), The Big Kahuna (1999), Big Fish (2003), Deck the Halls (2006), When in Rome(2010), Wiener-Dog (2016) and Jumanji: The Next Level (2019). He is also known for his voice roles insuch films as Hercules (1997), The Lorax (2012) and Smallfoot (2018).DeVito and Michael Shambergfounded Jersey Films. Soon afterwards, Stacey Sher became an equal partner. The production companyis known for films such as Pulp Fiction, Garden State, and Freedom Writers. DeVito also owned JerseyTelevision, which produced the Comedy Central series Reno 911!. DeVito and wife Rhea Perlman starredtogether in his 1996 film Matilda, based on Roald Dahl's children's novel. DeVito was also one of theproducers nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture for Erin Brockovich (2000).In 2017, heearned a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his performance in the Broadwayrevival of Arthur Miller's The Price.Early lifeDeVito was born at Raleigh Fitkin-Paul Morgan MemorialHospital in Neptune Township, New Jersey, the son of Daniel DeVito Sr., a small business owner, andJulia DeVito (née Moccello). He grew up in a family of five, with his parents and two older sisters. He is ofItalo-Albanian descent; his family is originally from San Fele, Basilicata, as well as from the ArbëreshAlbanian community of Calabria. He was raised in Asbury Park, New Jersey. He lived a few miles awayfrom the original Jersey Mike's location and would eat there frequently, which would  inspire him tobecome the sub shop's first celebrity spokesman in a line of commercials that began to air in September2022.DeVito was raised as a Catholic. When he was 14, he persuaded his father to send him to boardingschool to \"keep him out of trouble\", and graduated from Oratory Preparatory School in Summit, NewJersey, in 1962. While working as a beautician at his sister's salon, his search for a professional makeupinstructor led him to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, where he graduated in 1966. In his earlytheater days, he performed with the Colonnades Theater Lab at the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center inWaterford, Connecticut. Along with his future wife Rhea Perlman, he appeared in plays produced by theWestbeth Playwrights Feminist Collective.CareerFilm workDeVito played Martini in the 1975 film One FlewOver the Cuckoo's Nest, reprising his role from the 1971 off-Broadway play of the same title.After histime on the Taxi series ended, DeVito devoted more effort to a growing successful film career, appearingas Vernon Dalhart in the 1983 hit Terms of Endearment; as the comic rogue Ralph in the romanticadventure Romancing the Stone (1984), starring Michael Douglas and Kathleen Turner; and its sequel,The Jewel of the Nile (1985). In 1986, DeVito starred in Ruthless People with Bette Midler and JudgeReinhold, and in 1987 he made his feature-directing debut with the dark comedy Throw Momma from theTrain, in which he starred with Billy Crystal and Anne Ramsey. He reunited with Douglas and Turner twoyears later in The War of the Roses (1989), which he directed and in which he co-starred.Other workincluded Other People's Money with Gregory Peck; director Barry Levinson's Tin Men, as a rival salesmanto Richard Dreyfuss' character; the comedies Junior (1994) and Twins (1988) with ArnoldSchwarzenegger; playing the villain The Penguin in director Tim Burton's Batman Returns (1992); andthe film adaptation Matilda (1996), which he directed and co-produced, along with playing the role ofMatilda's father, the villainous car dealer Harry Wormwood.Although generally a comic actor, DeVitoexpanded into dramatic roles with The Rainmaker (1997); Hoffa (1992), which he directed and in whichhe co-starred with Jack Nicholson; Jack the Bear (1993); neo-noir film L.A. Confidential (1997); The BigKahuna (1999); and Heist (2001), as a gangster nemesis of Joe Moore (Gene Hackman).DeVito has aninterest in documentaries. In 2006 he began a partnership with Morgan Freeman's company ClickStar, forwhom he hosts the documentary channel Jersey Docs. He was also interviewed in the documentary"}
{"doc_id":"doc_39","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Worskla ForestThe Worskla Forest (на Ворскле) is in the Belgorod Oblast of Russia. It is partof the (Sapowednik) Belogorye Nature Reserve.It lies on the high right side of the Worskla river, betweenthe Worskla and the Gotnja rivers. It covers an area of 1,038 hectares (2,560 acres). Geographically thearea belongs to the southern part of the forest-steppe zone. The nature reserve is bordered to thenorth-west by the village of Krasny Kutok, to the southeast by Borisovka, and in the north and the southand west by the Worsklatal. On the left bank of the Vorskla, is the village of Dubino (LandsgemeindeBelenkoje). The territory of the forest itself is part of the rural community Kryukovo.GeographyThewestern, northwestern and southern edges form the river terraces and slopes of Woskla and LoknjatalRivers. The highest point in the forest at 217 metres (712 ft) is located in the northeastern part of theforest. The lowest point (137 metres (449 ft)) is located in Worsklatal. Through the forest run numeroussmall gullies that are called in this region \"Jar\".In the forest there are no springs and watercoursesalthough the forest is quite wet at the beginning of spring, after the snow melts, flowing rivulets at thebottom of canyons. The rivers Vorskla, Gotnja and Loknja flow along the forest edge for a distance of 10to 900 metres (33 to 2,953 ft).On the territory of the forest there is no natural pond. Only in theprotection zone of the nature reserve, in the Worsklatalaue, there are small backwaters. In the 20thcentury, ponds were built in the Klosterrunse whose dams broke through snow meltwater. Only a pondremained at the top of the gully.SoilsThe soils of the forest at the Vorskla developed on different parentmaterials, especially on the loam, which is found in the eastern half of the forest. In the northwesternpart of the forest, old alluvium sands play a role. They are distributed on the river terraces of Gotnja andLoknja. At the southern and south-eastern edge of the forest an oligozänischer sandy loam is commonparent rock. In some places in the southern part of the forest, a rust-colored clay comes out. Theoligozänische sandy loam and the rust-colored clay are the starting materials of soil formation, whereerosion has removed the loess. Under the oligozänischen clay are rocks from the Cretaceous, which donot appear on the surface in the territory of the forest.Here 20 different soil types are distinguished. Theydiffer on the degree of podsolisation and the humus content. All floors of the Forest on the Vorskla arebased on the Russian soil classification from 1977 about the types of gray forest soils.  According to theUSDA soil classification they belong to the Alfi sols, after the German soil classification if they wereclassified as Luvisols.HistoryUntil the 17th century, the Worskla forest was a part of an undivided oakforest that stretched along the high right bank of the Vorskla River. Forest was used as a natural barrieragainst depredations of the Tartars. Therefore, logging of the woods was strictly forbidden. At the end ofthe 17th century, however, the Tartar threat had diminished.In the Early 18th century the forest wasprotected from being cut down by regulations of Peter I. In 1701, the deforestation along the rivers wasbanned, then in 1703, the ban was extended to the small rivers. The edict included a ban on grazing andoaks, pines, maples and elms with trunk thicknesses of more than 54 centimetres (21 in) were excludedfrom felling.In 1705 the forest was owned by Count Boris Sheremetev who created a conservation areaand hunting reserve. In 1714 Count Sheremetev founded a nunnery in Borisovka on the edge of theforest, today it is a nature reserve.In the 1880s and 1890s the first major deforestation in the fourthsection of the forest and in the northern part of the tenth section the deforestation continued into the20th century.After the October Revolution, the forest on the Vorskla was in danger with felling beginningin 1917, with grazing and vegetable gardens being introduced. Larger native animals almostdisappeared.It fell to the entomologist Malyshev to begin a movement to save the forest. He knew theforest at the Vorskla from the time before the revolution when as a student he undertook entomologicalresearch there. In 1919 he wrote appeals to various authorities. He also appeared in the People'sAssembly of the residents of Borisovka and made propaganda work for forest conservation in schools andvillage libraries. His efforts were successful, and after the establishment of Zoopsychologischen Station(in 1922) the forest was made a nature reserve in 1924.  Malyshev organized the protection of forests. Inthe nature reserve began scientific research, the nature reserve, the Natural History Museum wasfounded. In Russian and Germany  scientific journals first article on the forest at the Vorskla were"}
{"doc_id":"doc_40","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Olav AaraasOlav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director.Hewas born in Fredrikstad. From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the NorwegianMuseum of Cultural History. In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St.Olav.Passage 2:John DonatichJohn Donatich is the Director of Yale University Press.Early lifeHe receiveda BA from New York University in 1982, graduating magna cum laude. He also got a master's degreefrom NYU in 1984, graduating summa cum laude.CareerDonatich worked as director of National Accountsat Putnam Publishing Group from 1989 to 1992.His writing has appeared in various periodicals includingHarper's, The Atlantic Monthly and The Village Voice.He worked at HarperCollins from 1992 to 1996,serving as director of national accounts and then as vice president and director of product and marketingdevelopment.From 1995 to 2003, Donatich served as publisher and vice president of Basic Books. Whilethere, he started the Art of Mentoring series of books, which would run from 2001 to 2008.  While atBasic Books, Donatich published such authors as Christopher Hitchens, Steven Pinker, Samantha Power,Alan Dershowitz, Sir Martin Rees and Richard Florida.In 2003, Donatich became the director of the YaleUniversity Press.  At Yale, Donatich published such authors as Michael Walzer, Janet Malcolm, E. H.Gombrich, Michael Fried, Edmund Morgan and T. J.  Clark.  Donatich began the Margellos World Republicof Letters, a literature in translation series that published such authors as Adonis, Norman Manea andClaudio Magris. He also launched the digital archive platform, The Stalin Digital Archive and theEncounters Chinese Language multimedia platform.In 2009, he briefly gained media attention when hewas involved in the decision to expunge the Muhammad cartoons from the Yale University Press book TheCartoons that Shook the World, for fear of Muslim violence.He is the author of a memoir, Ambivalence, aLove Story, and a novel, The Variations.BooksAmbivalence, a Love Story: Portrait of a Marriage(memoir), St. Martin's Press, 2005.The Variations (novel), Henry Holt, March, 2012ArticlesWhy BooksStill Matter, Journal of Scholarly Publishing, Volume 40, Number 4, July 2009, pp. 329–342, E-ISSN1710-1166 Print ISSN 1198-9742Personal lifeDonatich is married to Betsy Lerner, a literary agent andauthor; together they have a daughter, Raffaella.Passage 3:Dana BlanksteinDana Blankstein-Cohen (bornMarch 3, 1981) is the executive director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School. She wasappointed by the board of directors  in November 2019.  Previously she was the CEO of the IsraeliAcademy of Film and Television. She is a film director, and an Israeli culture entrepreneur.BiographyDanaBlankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatre director Dedi Baron and Professor AlexanderBlankstein. She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv.Blankstein graduated from the SamSpiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with high honors. During her studies she workedas a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina's Tragedies and to Renen Schorr on hisfilm The Loners.  She also directed and shot 'the making of' film on Gavison's film Lost and Found. Herdebut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival, 2007.Film and academiccareerAfter her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and television department at the Kfar Sabamunicipality. The department encouraged and promoted productions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, aswell as the established cultural projects, and educational community activities.Blankstein directed themini-series \"Tel Aviviot\" (2012). From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy of Film andTelevision.In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed the new director of the Sam SpiegelFilm and Television School where she also oversees the Sam Spiegel International Film Lab. In 2022, shespearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and the film preparatory program for Arabic speakers ineast Jerusalem.FilmographyTel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)Growing Pains (graduation film, SamSpiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)Camping (debut film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter,2006)Passage 4:Michael GovanMichael Govan (born 1963) is the director of the Los Angeles CountyMuseum of Art. Prior to his current position, Govan worked as the director of the Dia Art Foundation inNew York City.Early life and educationGovan was born in 1963 in North Adams, Massachusetts, and wasraised in the Washington D.C. area, attending Sidwell Friends School.He majored in art history and fine"}
{"doc_id":"doc_41","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Jesse E. HobsonJesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director ofSRI International from 1947 to 1955. Prior to SRI, he was the director of the Armour ResearchFoundation.Early life and educationHobson was born in Marshall, Indiana. He received bachelor's andmaster's degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electrical engineering fromthe California Institute of Technology. Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstandingengineer.Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had fivechildren.CareerAwards and membershipsHobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948.Passage2:Ashwamedha (film)Ashwamedha is a 1990 Indian Kannada language action film directed by C. R.Simha. It stars Kumar Bangarappa and Geethanjali with Srividya, Srinath, Balakrishna, Avinash andRamesh Bhat essaying other important roles.The story was written by C. R. Simha who co-wrote thescreenplay and dialogues with Keerthi. The film was produced by Shanthilal Jain in the banner of SriRenukamba Enterprises. The film was edited by S. Manohar while R. Deviprasad handled thecinematography.The film met with positive reviews upon release and is often regarded as one of the bestfilms in Kumar Bangarappa's career.CastSoundtrackSangeetha Raja composed the background score forthe film and to the soundtracks, with the lyrics for all the soundtracks penned by Doddarange Gowda. Thealbum consists of five soundtracks. The soundtrack \"Hrudaya Samudra Kalaki\" sung by actor andplayback singer, Rajkumar, was received very well and is often considered one of his best songs. Thesong is still being played in cultural and religious activities, and concerts across Karnataka.Passage3:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levinhas amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films. Some of histelevision series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family,Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Some of his televisionfilm credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle(1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films. He directed \"Heart inHiding\", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day TimeSpecial in the 1970s.Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadwayproductions. He costarred with Susan Strasberg in \"[The Diary of Ann Frank]\" but had to leave theproduction when he was drafted into the Army. He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University. Eventuallybecoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific ResidentTheatre Company. He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] withhis wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company.Passage4:C. R. SimhaChannapatna Ramaswami Simha (16 June 1942 – 28 February 2014), better known as C.R. Simha, was an Indian actor, director, dramatist and playwright. He was best known for his work inKannada films and for his work in stage shows. Starting his career in Prabhat Kalavidaru, a theatre groupbased in Bangalore, he acted in numerous Kannada plays which reached the cult status. He started hisown theatre group called \"Nataranga\" in 1972 and directed many successful plays such as Kakana Kote,Thughlaq and Sankranthi.Simha also directed and acted in the Kannada adaptation of Shakespeare'sMidsummer Night's Dream and Othello. These plays found a widespread presentation across many statesin India. Following this, he directed and acted in many English plays written by eminent personalities suchas Moliere, Bernard Shaw, Edward Albee and Neil Simon among others. Apart from theatre, Simha actedin more than 150 feature films in Kannada which include both artistic and commercially viable projects.He also directed about five feature films with the most prominent being his own film adaptation of KakanaKote.Simha received many awards in both the cinema and theatre fields. In 2003, he was awarded withthe prestigious Sangeet Natak Akademi Award by the Government of India recognising his contribution totheatre acting and direction.Early lifeSimha was born in Karnataka on 16 June 1942 into a HoysalaKarnataka Brahmin family. His younger brother Srinath is a film actor who acted in several mainstreamKannada cinema as both the leading actor and supporting actor.Simha appeared on stage at the age oftwelve. He wrote a book at the age of thirteen titled \"Family Doctor\" and got a publisher for a"}
{"doc_id":"doc_42","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Barthold A. Butenschøn Sr.Hans Barthold Andresen Butenschøn (27 December 1877 – 28 November 1971) was a Norwegian businessperson.He was born in Kristiania as a son of Nils August Andresen Butenschøn and Hanna Butenschøn, and grandson of Nicolay Andresen. Together with Mabel Anette Plahte (1877–1973, a daughter of Frithjof M. Plahte) he had the son Hans Barthold Andresen Butenschøn Jr. and was through him the father-in-law of Ragnhild Butenschøn and grandfather of Peter Butenschøn. Through his daughter Marie Claudine he was the father-in-law of Joakim Lehmkuhl, through his daughter Mabel Anette he was the father-in-law of Harald Astrup (a son of Sigurd Astrup) and through his daughter Nini Augusta he was the father-in-law of Ernst Torp.He took commerce school and agricultural school. He was hired in the family company N. A. Andresen & Co, and became a co-owner in 1910. He eventually became chief executive officer. The bank changed its name to Andresens Bank in 1913 and merged with Bergens Kreditbank in 1920. The merger was dissolved later in the 1920s. He was also a landowner, owning Nedre Skøyen farm and a lot of land in Enebakk. He chaired the board of Nydalens Compagnie from 1926, having not been a board member before that.He also chaired the supervisory council of Forsikringsselskapet Viking and Nedre Glommen salgsforening, and was a supervisory council member of Filharmonisk Selskap. He was a member of the gentlemen's club SK Fram since 1890, and was proclaimed a lifetime member in 1964.He was buried in Enebakk.Passage 2:Peter BurroughsPeter Burroughs (born 27 January 1947) is a British television and film actor and the director of Willow Management. He is the father-in-law of actor and TV presenter Warwick Davis.Early careerBurroughs initially ran a shop in his village at Yaxley, Cambridgeshire.His first dramatic role was that of the character \" Branic\" in the 1979 television series The Legend of King Arthur. He also acted in the television shows Dick Turpin, The Goodies, Doctor Who in the serial The King's Demons and One Foot in the Grave.Film careerBurroughs played roles in Hollywood movies such as Flash Gordon, George Lucas' Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi (a swinging ewok), Willow, The Dark Crystal, Labyrinth and The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. In 1995, Burroughs set up Willow Management, an agency for short actors, along with co-actor Warwick Davis. He portrayed a bank goblin in the Harry Potter series (Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2).Personal lifeHis daughter Samantha (born 1971), is married to Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi and Willow film star Warwick Davis. He has another daughter, Hayley Burroughs, who is also an actress. His granddaughter is Annabelle Davis.FilmographyPassage 3:Brijlal NehruBrijalal Nehru (5 May 1884 – 27 May 1964) was a noted civil servant and member of the Nehru family.He was the son of Pandit Nandlal Nehru (the elder brother of Motilal Nehru) and the cousin of Jawaharlal Nehru. Nandlal Nehru was Diwan of Khetri State for 11 years.Brijlal was born on 5 May 1884 in Allahabad and he grew up in Anand Bhawan. Brijlal had been sent to Oxford in 1905 to compete for the Indian Civil Service by Motilal Nehru.  He was a senior officer of the Audit and Accounts Service. After his retirement, he served Finance Minister of Princely State of Jammu & Kashmir during reign of Maharaja Hari Singh.He was married to Rameshwari Raina, a noted social and women activist and a freedom fighter and recipient of Padma Bhushan in 1955, Later she also won the Lenin Peace Prize in 1961.Their son was Braj Kumar Nehru (1909-2001), an administrator and Padma Vibhushan recipient.Brijlal died on 27 May 1964, the same day on which his illustrious cousin died.Passage 4:James Armour (Master mason)James Armour (15 January 1731 – 20 September 1798) was a master mason and father of Jean Armour, and therefore the father-in-law of the poet Robert Burns. His birth year was shown here as 1730. The Scotland's People database has no record of this year of birth for a James Armour. Wikitree and several other data sources have his birth date as 10th/24th January 1731. The Scotland's People database has this record but showing his baptism on 24 January 1731. His birth on the original Old Parish Record is shown as 15 January 1731 to John Armour and Margrat(sic) Picken in Kilmarnock. James named his first son John which would normally be after James's father i.e. John. The chances of there being two James's born on exactly the same date exactly one year apart appear very remote and the naming of the first child seems to validate the conclusion that James Armour was born in 1731 and not 1730.Life and backgroundAt Mauchline on 7 December 1761 he married Mary Smith, the "}
{"doc_id":"doc_43","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:TjuyuThuya (sometimes transliterated as Touiyou, Thuiu, Tuya, Tjuyu or Thuyu) was an Egyptian noblewoman and the mother of queen Tiye, and the wife of Yuya. She is the grandmother of Akhenaten, and great grandmother of Tutankhamun.BiographyThuya is believed to be a descendant of Queen Ahmose-Nefertari, and she held many official roles in the interwoven religion and government of ancient Egypt. She was involved in many religious cults; her titles included 'Singer of Hathor' and 'Chief of the Entertainers' of both Amun and Min. She also held the influential offices of Superintendent of the Harem of the god Min of Akhmin and of Amun of Thebes.  She married Yuya, a powerful ancient Egyptian courtier of the Eighteenth Dynasty.  She is believed to have died in around 1375 BC in her early to mid 50s.ChildrenYuya and Thuya had a daughter named Tiye, who became the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Amenhotep III. The great royal wife was the highest Egyptian religious position, serving alongside of the pharaoh in official ceremonies and rituals.Yuya and Thuya also had a son named Anen, who carried the titles Chancellor of Lower Egypt, Second Prophet of Amun, sm-priest of Heliopolis and Divine Father.They also may have been the parents of Ay, an Egyptian courtier active during the reign of pharaoh Akhenaten who became pharaoh after the death of Tutankhamun. However, there is no conclusive evidence regarding the kinship of Yuya and Ay, although certainly, both men came from Akhmim.TombThuya was interred in tomb KV46 in the Valley of the Kings, together with her husband Yuya, where their largely intact burial was found in 1905. It was the best-preserved tomb discovered in the Valley before that of Tutankhamun, Thuya's great-grandson. The tomb was discovered by a team of workmen led by archaeologist James Quibell on behalf of the American millionaire Theodore M. Davis. Though the tomb had been robbed in antiquity, much of its contents were still present, including beds, boxes, chests, a chariot, and the sarcophagi, coffins, and mummies of the two occupants.Thuya's large gilded and black-painted wooden sarcophagus was placed against the south wall of the tomb. It is rectangular, with a lid shaped like the sloping roof of the per-wer shrine of Upper Egypt, and sits on ornamental sledge runners, their non-functionality underscored by the three battens attached below them. Ancient robbers had partially dismantled it to access her coffins and mummy, placing its lid and one long side on a bed on the other side of the tomb; the other long side had been leaned against the south wall. Her outer gilded anthropoid coffin had been removed, its lid placed atop the beds, and the trough put into the far corner of the tomb; the lid of her second (innermost) coffin, also gilded, had been removed and placed to one side although the trough and her mummy remained inside the sarcophagus. Quibell suggests this is due to the robbers having some difficulty in removing the lid of this coffin.MummyThuya's mummified body was found covered with a large sheet of linen, knotted at the back and secured by four bandages. These bands were covered with resin and opposite each band were her gilded titles cut from gold foil. The resin coating on the lower layers of bandages preserved the impression of a large broad collar. The mummy bands that had once covered her wrapped mummy were recovered above the storage jars on the far side of the room.The first examination of her body was conducted by Australian anatomist Grafton Elliot Smith. He found her to be an elderly woman of small stature, 1.495 metres (4.90 ft) in height, with white hair. Both of her earlobes had two piercings. Her arms are straight at her sides with her hands against the outside of her thighs. Her embalming incision is stitched with thread, to which a carnelian barrel bead is attached at the lower end; her body cavity is stuffed with resin-soaked linen. When Dr. Douglas Derry, (who later conducted the first examination of Tutankhamun's mummy) assisting Smith in his examination, exposed Thuya's feet to get an accurate measurement of her height, he found her to be wearing gold foil sandals. Smith estimated her age at more than 50 years based on her outward appearance alone. Recent CT scanning has estimated her age at death to be 50–60 years old. Her brain was removed, though no embalming material was inserted, and both nostrils were stuffed with linen. Embalming packs had been placed into her eye sockets, and subcutaneous filling had been placed into her mid and lower face to restore a lifelike appearance; embalming material had also been placed into her mouth and throat. Her teeth were in poor condition at the time of her death, with missing molars. Heavy wear and abscesses had been noted in earlier x-rays. The scan revealed that she had severe scoliosis with a Cobb angle of 25 degrees. No cause of death could "}
{"doc_id":"doc_44","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Ben PalmerBen Palmer (born 1976) is a British film and television director.His televisioncredits include the Channel 4 sketch show Bo' Selecta! (2002–2006), the second and third series of theE4 sitcom The Inbetweeners (2009–2010) and the Sky Atlantic comedy-drama Breeders (2020). Palmerhas also directed films such as the Inbetweeners spin-off, The Inbetweeners Movie (2011) and theromantic comedy Man Up (2015).BiographyPalmer was born and raised in Penny Bridge,Barrow-in-Furness. He attended Chetwynde School.His first directing job was the Channel 4 sketch showBo' Selecta!, which he co-developed with its main star, Leigh Francis. Palmer directed the second andthird series of the E4 sitcom The Inbetweeners in 2009 and 2010, respectively.FilmographyBo' Selecta!(2002–06)Comedy Lab (2004–2010)Bo! in the USA (2006)The Inbetweeners (2009–2010)TheInbetweeners Movie (2011)Comedy Showcase (2012)Milton Jones's House of Rooms (2012)Them fromThat Thing (2012)Bad Sugar (2012)Chickens (2013)London Irish (2013)Man Up (2015)SunTrap(2015)BBC Comedy Feeds (2016)Nigel Farage Gets His Life Back (2016)Back (2017)Comedy Playhouse(2017)Urban Myths (2017–19)Click & Collect (2018)Semi-Detached (2019)Breeders (2020)Passage2:Mel WellesMel Welles (February 17, 1924 – August 19, 2005) was an American film actor and director.His best-remembered role may be that of hapless flower shop owner Gravis Mushnick in the 1960low-budget Roger Corman dark comedy, The Little Shop of Horrors.Life and careerWelles was born Ira W.Meltcher in the Bronx, New York City, son of Max and Sally Grichewsky Meltcher. He was raised in MountCarmel, Pennsylvania and graduated from Mt. Carmel High School, in 1940. He went on to receive aBachelor of Arts degree from Penn State University, a Master of Arts degree from West VirginiaUniversity, and a Ph.D. in psychology from Columbia University.Welles held a number of jobs during hislifetime; at one time or another he worked as a clinical psychologist, radio DJ, television actor, writer andfilm director. He did some stage work before traveling to Hollywood, where in 1953 he appeared in hisfirst film, Appointment in Honduras. His favorite role (The Little Shop of Horrors) was also his last in theU.S. for many years.In the early 1960s, he left the United States initially to make a film in Germany.After the producer was arrested he travelled to Rome to act, produce and direct mostly uncreditedprimarily in Europe several film productions including the cult horror films Maneater of Hydra (1967) andLady Frankenstein (1971). His fluency in five languages proved to be most helpful where he started adubbing company that by his own estimate dubbed over 800 European made films. He also served as afilm consultant. Later, he returned to the U.S., appearing in a number of films, doing voice work, andteaching voice acting.Probably his most widely seen work in the late 1970s was his English adaptation ofthe Japanese television show, Spectreman which was seen on UHF and cable across the United States.While he shares writing credit with two other people, it's clear that most of the English voice work, andthe offbeat humor, is his. Reportedly, Welles also wrote gag material for Lord Buckley at some point in hiscareer.In 1998, Welles took to the stage in a community theater production of Little Shop of Horrors asMushnik, the role he created in the original Roger Corman film. Welles had never performed in themusical and was happy to be asked to do the role, which he described as a \"mitzvah\" for Scotts ValleyPerforming Arts. Jonathan Haze, who played Seymour in the original film, attended the opening, andWelles also received a visit from Martin P. Robinson, the designer of the Audrey II plant puppets used inthe off-Broadway production (Robinson is also famous for his puppetry on Sesame Street).Arguably hismost remembered piece is the beat poem he wrote for the classic film High School Confidential(1958).  Famously delivered by Phillipa Fallon, Dragsville, has become a classic piece of literary andcinema history.Welles was working on a horror screenplay, tentatively titled House of a Hundred Horrors,at the time of his death.FilmographyNotesExternal linksMel Welles at IMDbPassage 3:EdwardLudwigEdward Irving Ludwig (October 7, 1899 – August 20, 1982) was a Russian-born American filmdirector and writer. He directed nearly 100 films between 1921 and 1963 (some under the names EdwardI. Luddy and Charles Fuhr).Ludwig was born in Ukraine, then part of the Russian Empire, entered theUnited States from Canada on March 6, 1911, became a naturalized citizen December 23, 1932, and diedin Santa Monica, California.Partial filmographyPassage 4:The Fighting SeabeesThe Fighting Seabees is a"}
{"doc_id":"doc_45","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Gerald Rudolff FordGerald Rudolff Ford (December 9, 1890 – January 26, 1962) was anAmerican businessman and Republican politician who was the stepfather of U.S. President Gerald Fordand for whom Ford legally changed his name.Early lifeFord was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, where heraised the future President. His parents were George R. and Frances (Pixley) Ford.The senior Ford's fatherGeorge Ford died in a train accident in 1903 forcing him to drop out of school to support the family.  Hewas working as a paint salesman at the Grand Rapids Wood Finishing Company when he met the futurepresident's mother Dorothy Ayer Gardner King. Dorothy had fled to Michigan from Omaha, Nebraska, in1913, 16 days after the President's birth, after her husband (and her son's birth father), Leslie Lynch KingSr., had physically abused her. She came to Grand Rapids to be near her parents, Levi Addison Gardnerand Adele Augusta Ayer Gardner, who lived in the town.FamilyThe couple married on February 1, 1917,following Dorothy's divorce from King when the future president was three and began calling Dorothy'sfirst son \"Gerald.\"Gerald Rudolff Ford and Dorothy Ford had three children – sons Thomas Gardner Ford(July 15, 1918 – August 28, 1995); Richard Addison Ford (June 3, 1924 – March 20, 2015); and JamesFrancis Ford (August 11, 1927 – January 23, 2001).The president was to write later that in the householdthere were three rules for him and his half brothers: \"tell the truth, work hard and come to dinner ontime.\"The elder Ford founded the Ford Paint and Varnish Company in 1929 just before the GreatDepression. After the Depression hit, Ford asked his employees to work for $5/week and likewise paidhimself the same salary until all could be paid more.The future president was enrolled in the GrandRapids school system under the name of his stepfather.   When the president's birth father Leslie LynchKing reappeared in 1929 (or 1930 depending on accounts), he stopped at schools searching for a \"LeslieKing\" before finding him at Grand Rapids South High School after asking for a \"Junior Ford.\"The futurepresident turned down an offer from his biological father to move with him to Wyoming.Leslie's fatherCharles King had been paying child support for Ford until 1929 when the stock market crash wiped outhis fortune. After Leslie's father died, Dorothy sought an order to get money from the $50,000 Leslie hadinherited. However, since Leslie had moved to Wyoming he was out of the jurisdiction of the Nebraskacourt.The elder Ford never legally adopted the president. The president changed his name in 1935 afterthe deaths of his paternal King family grandparents to an Anglicized version of his stepfather's name:Gerald Rudolph Ford.Early careerThe elder Ford was active on various functions including the formation ofthe Youth Commonwealth to help disadvantaged youth. He was director of the Grand Rapids Chamber ofCommerce and chairman of the Kent County, Michigan Republican Committee from 1944 until 1948 whenhe stepped down after the future President began his first run for Congress.The elder Ford was activewith his four sons in the Boy Scouts of America. The future President would be the first Eagle Scout tobecome Vice President or President. The President was to say later that the award was one of hisproudest accomplishments.The President was to write later:He was the father that I grew up to believewas my father, the father I loved and learned from and respected. He was my dad... Dad was one of thetruly outstanding people I ever knew in my life.DeathThe elder Ford died on January 26, 1962, in GrandRapids, Michigan. He and his wife are buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in Grand Rapids.Passage 2:CarolineKennedyCaroline Bouvier Kennedy (born November 27, 1957) is an American author, attorney, anddiplomat serving as the United States Ambassador to Australia since 2022. She previously served in theObama administration as the United States Ambassador to Japan from 2013 to 2017. A prominentmember of the Kennedy family, she is the only surviving child of former U.S. president John F. Kennedy(JFK) and former first lady Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy.JFK won the 1960 presidential election whenCaroline was two years old. Spending her early childhood years in the White House during the KennedyAdministration, she was almost six when he was assassinated on November 22, 1963. The following year,she and her brother John F. Kennedy Jr. moved with their mother Jacqueline to the Upper East Side ofManhattan, where Caroline attended grade school.Kennedy graduated from Harvard University andworked at Manhattan's Metropolitan Museum of Art, where she met her future husband, exhibit designerEdwin Schlossberg. She later earned a J.D. degree from Columbia Law School. Most of Kennedy's"}
{"doc_id":"doc_46","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Spy KidsSpy Kids is an American family action-adventure spy comedy franchise created byRobert Rodriguez. The plot follows adventures of Carmen and Juni Cortez, two children who becomeinvolved in their parents' espionage organization. The films include Latino themes, as Rodriguez is ofMexican descent.BackgroundInfluencesSpy Kids was influenced by James Bond films. The first film was \"afusion of Willy Wonka and James Bond\" and the second was the \"Mysterious Island and James Bondmix\".The spy organization in the films is called the OSS. These initials are from the Office of StrategicServices, a former U.S. intelligence organization during World War II which later evolved into the CIA.The character Donnagon Giggles was named after William Joseph Donovan, the director of the originalOSS. The initials in the Spy Kids universe are never specified on screen, but, in one of the books, theystand for the Organization of Super Spies.ThemesOne of the main themes of Spy Kids is the unity offamily. The children have adult responsibilities, and a lesson is that keeping secrets from family memberscan have a negative effect on relationships. The first film also deals extensively with sibling rivalry andthe responsibility of older children. There is also a strong sense of Latino heritage.TechnicalinnovationsThe other films were shot with High Definition digital video, parts of the third film using ananaglyphic process to create the 3-D effect. Audiences were given red/blue 3D glasses with their ticketsin movie theatres. Four sets of these glasses were also included in the DVD release. The third film wasused as a test for a special Texas Instruments digital projector which can project polarized 3D, whichdoes not require the red-blue lenses, later reused for The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3-D(2005).FilmsSpy Kids (2001)After retiring from espionage for ten years, Gregorio and Ingrid (AntonioBanderas and Carla Gugino) are pulled back into duty for their important assignment despite the factthey were out of practice, and were captured. Their two children, Carmen and Juni (Alexa Vega and DarylSabara), stay with their uncle Felix Gumm (Cheech Marin) and discover the truth of their parents' past,which they had neglected to tell them because they were afraid that if they knew, they would picturedanger at every corner; and decide to rescue them. On their first mission, Carmen and Juni manage tobring around their estranged uncle, Isador \"Machete\" Cortez (Danny Trejo), a genius gadget inventor andJuni helps to redeem a TV show host named Fegan Floop (Alan Cumming). Together, Carmen and Junithwart the plan of Floop's notorious second in-command Alexander Minion (Tony Shalhoub) to develop anarmy of androids resembling young children (including Carmen and Juni themselves) for a mastermindnamed Mr. Lisp (Robert Patrick) and his partner Ms. Gradenko (Teri Hatcher). The robots based onCarmen and Juni became part of Floop's show.Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams (2002)As agents ofthe OSS, Carmen and Juni try to save the daughter (Taylor Momsen) of The President Of The UnitedStates (Christopher McDonald) while facing a particularly hard competition with Gary and Gerti Giggles(Matt O'Leary and Emily Osment), the two children of a double-dealing agent Donnagon Giggles (MikeJudge), whom Carmen and Juni helped to rescue them from the first film. Juni gets fired from the OSSafter fighting with Gary over a smaller version of the transmooker, a device that can shut off all electronicdevices even though it was Gary who started the fight. Juni loses his spot for the best spy kid of the yearaward, while Donnagon plans to steal the transmooker to take over the world. On their second mission,Carmen and Juni follow the trail to the mysterious island of Leeke Leeke which is home to Romero (SteveBuscemi), an eccentric scientist who attempted to create genetically miniaturised animals, but insteadended up with his island inhabited by mutant monsters. Eventually, Donnagon is fired and Gary issuspended, and the transmooker is destroyed. Juni is offered his job back, but in order to take a breakfrom the OSS, he retires to start his own private eye agency.Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over (2003)Afterretiring from the OSS, Juni is thrust back into service when an evil mastermind named Sebastian \"TheToymaker\" (Sylvester Stallone) creates a fictional video game called Game Over, which hypnotizes itsusers. Carmen was sent on a mission to disable the game, but disappeared on Level 4. With the help ofhis maternal grandfather, Valentin Avellan (Ricardo Montalban), who uses a wheelchair, Juni is sent afterCarmen and helps her to disable the game in order to save the world. It is revealed that Sebastian wasthe one who disabled Valentin in the first place. Instead of avenging his former partner, Valentin forgives"}
{"doc_id":"doc_47","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Buffalo Bill, Hero of the Far WestBuffalo Bill, Hero of the Far West  (Buffalo Bill, l'eroe del farwest) is a 1964 Italian Spaghetti Western directed by Mario Costa.StoryBuffalo Bill is sent west byPresident Ulysses S. Grant to settle an Indian uprising started by Yellow Hand and supported by gunsmugglers.CastGordon Scott as Colonel William \"Buffalo Bill\" CodyMario Brega as DonaldsonJan Hendriksas MonroeCatherine Ribeiro as Rayon-de-Lune/MoonbeamPiero Lulli as RedMirko Ellis as Yellow HandHansvon Borsody as Captain HunterRoldano Lupi as Colonel PetersonIngeborg Schöner as MaryPetersonFeodor Chaliapin, Jr.  as Chief White FoxUgo Sasso as SnackLuigi Tosi as barmanFranco Fantasiaas George, a poker playerAndrea Scotti as poker playerPassage 2:Battling with Buffalo BillBattling withBuffalo Bill is a 1931 American pre-Code Western serial film directed by Ray Taylor and starring TomTyler, Lucile Browne, William Desmond, Rex Bell, and Francis Ford.Based on the book The Great WestThat Was by William F. \"Buffalo Bill\" Cody, the film is about a cowboy named Buffalo Bill who goes upagainst a shady gambler who is attempting to scare off the townspeople so he can gain possession of agold strike. When a nearby Indian tribe is provoked into attacking the town, the cavalry rides in to therescue. Cody's book was also used as the inspiration for the studio's highly successful 1930 serial TheIndians Are Coming.Battling with Buffalo Bill was Universal Pictures's 78th serial, the 10th with sound and4th with full sound, of the studio's total of 137 serials.PlotThe plot is a variation on the standardB-Western \"Land Grab\" plot: Gold has been discovered in the area and gambler Jim Rodney intends tomake sole claim to it by pushing the rightful owners off the land and taking it for himself. To do so he hashis henchmen kill an Indian woman, provoking attacks from her tribe. This brings Buffalo Bill and theUnited States Cavalry into the town. Buffalo Bill proceeds to defeat Rodney and his schemes.CastTomTyler as William \"Buffalo Bill\" CodyLucile Browne as Jane Mills, Buffalo Bill's love interestWilliam Desmondas John MillsRex Bell as Dave Archer, Buffalo Bill's sidekick.Francis Ford as Jim Rodney, villainousgambler trying to illicitly claim a local gold strikeGeorge Regas as 'Breed' JohnsYakima Canutt as ScoutJack BradyBud Osborne as Joe Tampas, one of Rodney's henchmenJoe Bonomo as Joe BradyJim Thorpeas Swift ArrowProductionAlong with the more successful The Indians Are Coming (1930) this serial wasbased on the book \"The Great West That Was\" by Buffalo Bill Cody.StuntsJoe BonomoYakima CanuttCliffLyonsChapter titlesCaptured by RedskinsCircling DeathBetween Hostile TribesThe Savage HordeThe FatalPlungeTrappedThe Unseen KillerSentenced to DeathThe Death TrapA Shot from AmbushThe FlamingDeathCheyenne VengeanceSource:See alsoList of American films of 1931List of film serials by yearList offilm serials by studioPassage 3:Buffalo BillWilliam Frederick Cody (February 26, 1846 – January 10,1917), known as Buffalo Bill, was an American soldier, bison hunter, and showman. He was born in LeClaire, Iowa Territory (now the U.S. state of Iowa), but he lived for several years in his father'shometown in modern-day Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, before the family returned to the Midwest andsettled in the Kansas Territory.Buffalo Bill started working at the age of 11, after his father's death, andbecame a rider for the Pony Express at age 15. During the American Civil War, he served the Union from1863 to the end of the war in 1865. Later he served as a civilian scout for the U.S. Army during theIndian Wars, receiving the Medal of Honor in 1872.One of the most famous and well-known figures of theAmerican Old West, Buffalo Bill's legend began to spread when he was only 23. Shortly thereafter hestarted performing in shows that displayed cowboy themes and episodes from the frontier and IndianWars. He founded Buffalo Bill's Wild West in 1883, taking his large company on tours in the United Statesand, beginning in 1887, in Great Britain and continental Europe.Early life and educationCody was born onFebruary 26, 1846, on a farm just outside Le Claire, Iowa. His father, Isaac Cody, was born onSeptember 5, 1811, in Toronto Township, Upper Canada, now part of Mississauga, Ontario, directly westof Toronto. Mary Ann Bonsell Laycock, Bill's mother, was born about 1817 in Trenton, New Jersey. Shemoved to Cincinnati to teach school, and there she met and married Isaac. She was a descendant ofJosiah Bunting, a Quaker who had settled in Pennsylvania. There is no evidence to indicate Buffalo Billwas raised as a Quaker. In 1847 the couple moved to Ontario, having their son baptized in 1847, asWilliam Cody, at the Dixie Union Chapel in Peel County (present-day Peel Region, of which Mississauga is"}
{"doc_id":"doc_48","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Henry II, Count of Reuss-GeraHenry II of Reuss (younger line) (10 June 1572 in Gera – 23December [O.S. 13 December] 1635 in Gera), nicknamed the Posthumous because his father died twomonths before he was born,  was Lord of Gera, Lord of Lobenstein and Lord of Oberkranichfeld.LifeHenryII was born posthumously, as the only son of Henry XVI of Reuss-Gera (1530-1572), the founder of theYounger Line, and his wife, Countess Dorothea of Solms-Sonnewalde (1547-1595), daughter of FrederickMagnus I, Count of Solms-Laubach.Henry successfully promoted education and the economy of hiscountry.  In 1608, he founded the Rutheneum Gymnasium in Gera (now theGoethe-Gymnasium/Rutheneum).  Against the advice of his theological councillor, he granted asylum toCalvinist refugees from Flanders and housed them in his capital city Gera.  This led to an upsurge in woolproduction and an economic boom.  During his reign, Gera also developed into the cultural centre of theReuss areas.  He had a particular fondness for \"ring riding\", and was a frequent guest at the courts inVienna and Dresden.Henry II died on 23 December 1635 and was buried in the Salvator Church inGera.  The composer Heinrich Schütz wrote his Musikalische Exequien for this occasion.  His elaboratelydecorated copper outer coffin, with biblical proverbs and evangelical chorals, was transferred from theSalvator Church to the St. John church in 1995.  In 2011, it was displayed in an exhibition about funeralpractices in the early modern age in the city museum of Gera.  It has also been on display in the Museumfor Sepulchral Culture in Kassel.Marriages and issueIn Weikersheim on 7 February 1594, Henry II marriedfirstly Magdalena (28 December 1572 – 2 April 1596), daughter of Wolfgang, Count ofHohenlohe-Weikersheim-Langenburg. They had one daughter:Dorothea Magdalena (25 February 1595 –29 October 1647), married in 1620 to Burgrave George of Kirchberg.In Rudolstadt on 22 May 1597,Henry II married secondly Magdalena (12 Apr 1580 – 22 Apr 1652), daughter of Count Albert VII ofSchwarzburg-Rudolstadt. They had seventeen children:Juliane Marie (1 February 1598 – 4 January1650), married in 1614 to Count David of Mansfeld-Schraplau.Henry I (21 February 1599 – 27 July1599)Agnes (17 April 1600 – 1 February 1642), married in 1627 to Count Ernest Louis ofMansfeld-Heldrungen.Elisabeth Magdalene (8 May 1601 – 4 April 1641).Henry II (14 August 1602 – 28May 1670), Lord of Gera and Saalburg.Henry III (31 Oct 1603 – 12 July 1640), Lord of Schleiz.Henry IV(21 December 1604 – 3 November 1628).Henry V (3 November 1606 – 3/7 November 1606), twin withHenry VI.Henry VI (3 November 1606 – 3/7 November 1606), twin with Henry V.Sophie Hedwig (24February 1608 – 22 January 1653).Dorothea Sibylle (7 October 1609 – 25 November 1631), married in1627 to Baron Christian Schenk of Tautenburg.Henry VII (15 October 1610 – 24 July 1611).Henry VIII(19 June 1613 – 24 September 1613).Anna Katharina (24 March 1615 – 16 February 1682).Henry IX (22May 1616 – 9 January 1666), Lord of Schleiz.Ernestine (19 March 1618 – 23 February 1650), married in1639 to Otto Albert of Schönburg-Hartenstein.Henry X (9 September 1621 – 25 January 1671), Lord ofLobenstein and Ebersdorf.HonorsSince 2008, the motor car of one of the trams in Gera bears hisname.Passage 2:Enguerrand V de CoucyEnguerrand V, Lord of Coucy (-after 1321) inherited the title ofLord of Coucy and castle from his maternal uncle, Enguerrand IV in 1311.  He was also lord of Oisy andMontmirail.BiographyEnguerrand was the second son of Arnould III, Count of Guînes and Alix de Coucy,daughter of Enguerrand III, Lord of Coucy. His father, Arnould, sold the county of Guines to King Louis IXof France, forcing Enguerrand to find his fortune abroad. After arriving in Scotland, he married ChristianaLindsay in Scotland. Christiana was the daughter of William Lindsay and Ada Balliol, sister of John Balliol.Their wedding was arranged by their mutual cousin, King Alexander III of Scotland. Enguerrand waspresent at the recognition of Margaret as Alexander III's heir and the Treaty of Birgham in 1290.On 28May 1283, Enguerrand pledged his service to King Edward I of England.When Enguerrand's maternaluncle, Enguerrand IV, died without leaving any heirs, the titles and lands of Coucy were passed toEnguerrand.IssueEnguerrand and Christiana had four sons:Guillaume de Coucy, Lord of Coucy,  Marle, LaFère, Oisy and Montmirel, married Isabeau de Châtillon-Saint-Pol, had issue.Enguerrand de Coucy,Viscount of Meaux, Lord of La Ferté-Ancoul, Tresmes and Belonnes, married firstly Marie de Vianden,Dame de Rumpt and secondly Allemande Flotte de Revel, had issue.Baudouin de CoucyRobert de Coucy,"}
{"doc_id":"doc_49","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Judah Even ShemuelYehuda Even Shemuel (Ukraine, 1886-Jerusalem, 1976) was an IsraeliJewish scholar, translator and lexicographer. He won the Israel Prize in 1973. Yehuda Kaufman (laterEven Shemuel) was born in Balta, Ukraine. He studied in three yeshivot. At the age of eighteen, afterpassing the examination of a six-years’ course in a Russian gymnasium, he studied in London and thenParis, where he was accepted to the law school of the University of Paris. He immigrated to Montreal,Canada in 1913.His English-Hebrew dictionary was known as The Kaufman Dictionary.Passage 2:ErikKilpatrickErik Kilpatrick (born 1952) is an American actor who is best known for playing Curtis Jackson onthe CBS television series The White Shadow.  He is the son of Lincoln Kilpatrick.  Erik and his fatherco-starred in \"Here's Mud in Your Eye\", an episode from the first season of The White Shadow.  Kilpatrickhas a younger brother, Lincoln Kilpatrick Jr., and a sister, DaCarla Kilpatrick, who also areactors.  Kilpatrick is the father of Erika Kurzawa and Toussaint Kilpatrick. Married to Chris Anthony.Today, Kilpatrick devotes much of his time directing and is the founder and Artistic Director of KOLATheatre.Passage 3:Lincoln KilpatrickLincoln Kilpatrick (February 12, 1931 – May 18, 2004) was anAmerican film, television, and stage actor.BiographyCareerBorn in St. Louis, Missouri, Kilpatrick attendedLincoln University and earned a degree in drama before he began acting. Encouraged by Billie Holiday,Kilpatrick began his career in 1959 in the Broadway production of A Raisin in the Sun. In the 1960s, hemainly guest-starred in television roles and bit parts in movies. His primary acting talents wereshowcased in stage and theater work, which he remained active in until his death. Kilpatrick wasco-founder of the Kilpatrick-Cambridge Theatre Arts School in Hollywood, California. He was also the firstAfrican-American member of the Lincoln Center Repertory Company.Personal life and deathKilpatrick wasmarried 47 years to the singer and stage performer Helena Ferguson from 1957 until his death from lungcancer in 2004. Kilpatrick had five children: actor and composer Lincoln Kilpatrick Jr.; writer, director andactor DaCarla Kilpatrick; actor and director Erik Kilpatrick; actor Jozella Reed; and producer Marjorie L.Kilpatrick. He was buried at the Forest Lawn, Hollywood Hills Cemetery in LosAngeles.FilmographyPassage 4:Jean DaninosJean Daninos (2 December 1906 – 13 October 2001) was aGreek-French constructor of luxury cars Facel Vega, born in Paris.The brother of the Pierre Daninos, JeanDaninos had founded the company FACEL (Forges et Ateliers des Constructions d'Eure-et-Loir, forge andconstruction workshop for the department of Eure-et-Loir) in 1939 with hopes of one day designing andmanufacturing his own automobile. An engineer, he had previously collaborated with Citroën on theTraction Avant and had worked in the aviation field.The FACEL company produced the bodies of customcars like the Panhard Dyna cabriolet and the Ford Comète.He had also a long time business partnershipwith Henri Théodore Pigozzi CEO of Simca. All the stylish Aronde sports derivatives (coupes andconvertibles called PLein Ciel and Océane, targeted for well to do women customers ) were manufacturedby Facel.However Pigozzi and Simca chose cheaper and more trendy Carrozeria Bertone for the later theSimca 1000 derivatives (Simca 1200S) and ended the Simca partnership. The first Facel Vega model,designed by Daninos himself, debuted in 1954, equipped with a Chrysler engine. Daninos counted amonghis clients celebrities including (Tony Curtis, Ava Gardner) and racing drivers (Stirling Moss, MauriceTrintignant). Several sports car models followed until the company's demise in the mid-1960s. During tenyears of production, FACEL had manufactured 3,000 automobiles.Daninos died in Cannes at age 94 fromcancer. He was buried with his relatives in Jouy-en-Josas.Passage 5:Alexander FuksAlexander Fuks (30May 1917 – 29 November 1978) was a German-born, later Israeli historian, archaeologist andpapyrologist. He worked with Victor Tcherikover and Menahem Stern on the standard edition of Jewishpapyri. He was a specialist in the study of Hellenistic Judaism.Passage 6:Patrick KilpatrickPatrickKilpatrick (born August 20, 1949), is an American actor, director, screenwriter, producer, journalist,international entertainment speaker and teacher. He has appeared in over 180 films and televisionseries.Kilpatrick ran for Governor of California in the 2021 recall election as a Democrat.EarlylifeKilpatrick was born in Orange, Virginia, the son of Robert Donald Kilpatrick Sr. and Ellie Faye (bornEllwood Fay) Hines Kilpatrick. His ancestors are Scottish, Scots-Irish, a bit of Welsh, and English, having"}
{"doc_id":"doc_50","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Nayelly HernándezNayelly Hernández (born 23 February 1986) is a former Mexican professional squash player. She has represented Mexico internationally in several international competitions including the Central American and Caribbean Games, Pan American Games, Women's World Team Squash Championships. Nayelly achieved her highest career ranking of 57 in October 2011 during the 2011 PSA World Tour. Her husband Chris Walker whose nationality is English is also a professional squash player. She joined the Trinity College in 2008 as the first Mexican female to join a US college for squash and graduated in 2010.CareerNayelly joined PSA in 2006 and took part in the PSA World Tour until 2016, the 2015-16 PSA World Tour was her last World Tour prior to the retirement.Nayelly Hernandez represented Mexico at the 2007 Pan American Games and claimed a bronze medal as a part of the team event on her maiden appearance at the Pan American Games. In the 2011 Pan American Games she clinched gold in the women's doubles event along with Samantha Teran and settled for bronze in the team event. She has also participated at the Women's World Team Squash Championships on four occasions in 2010, 2012, 2014 and in 2016.Passage 2:Eleni Gabre-MadhinEleni Zaude Gabre-Madhin (born 12 July 1964) is an Ethiopian-born Swiss economist, and former chief executive officer of the Ethiopia Commodity Exchange (ECX). She has had many years of experience working on agricultural markets – particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa – and has held senior positions in the World Bank, the International Food Policy Research Institute (Washington), and United Nations (Geneva).Eleni GebremedhnEleni was born in Addis Ababa, Ethiopian Empire on 12 July 1964. She grew up in four different African countries including Kenya, Tanzania and South Africa. She speaks fluent Swahili, English, Amharic and French. She graduated from Rift Valley Academy in Kenya with the highest of honours. She has a PhD in Applied Economics from Stanford University, master's degrees from Michigan State University and bachelor's in economics from Cornell University. Eleni was selected as \"Ethiopian Person of the Year\" for the 2002 ET calendar year (2009/2010 Gregorian) by the Ethiopian newspaper Jimma Times.CareerShe was the main driving force behind the development of the Ethiopia Commodity Exchange (ECX). Whilst working as a researcher for the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) she examined agricultural markets for many years and noticed, as had many others, that whilst in some years or regions there were severe shortages or droughts in others there were surpluses or bumper harvests. Specifically in her survey of grain traders in 2002, she found that a key factor was the lack of effective infrastructure and services needed for grain markets to function properly.  Traders often failed to have access to sufficient credit, information about the market, transportation and other vital resources and contract compliance was difficult to enforce.  In 2004 she moved home from the US to lead an IFPRI program to improve Ethiopia's agricultural policies and markets. Specifically she undertook the important role of coordinating the advisory body developing the ECX.   She became CEO of the new exchange in 2008, and argued that \"(W)hen farmers can sell their crops on the open market and get a fair price, they will have much more incentive to be productive, and Ethiopia will be much less prone to food crises\" .... and that the \"ECX will allow farmers and traders to link to the global economy, propelling Ethiopian agriculture forward to a whole new level.\"In February 2013, she became a director of Syngenta.In 2013, Eleni launched eleni LLC, a company intended to build and invest in commodity exchanges in markets in the developing world, including Africa.In November 2021, the Canadian novelist Jeff Pearce leaked a video that depicts Eleni's participation in a virtual meeting discussion, along with Professor Ephraim Isaac, former Ethiopian Minister of Foreign Affairs and current TPLF spokesperson Berhane Gebre-Christos and several Western diplomats, that mentioned a transitional government during Tigray War. Shortly, she was removed from membership of the Independent Economic Council, which formed to support Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed economic transition.  On 25 November, Eleni released a statement that denying the allegation as \"deliberately misrepresented\". Two days before the leaked video unveiled, police forces searched her house and remained undisclosed for suspected foul play.   The incident stirred public outrage in Ethiopia and its diaspora, condemning her as traitor. The University of Gondar also revoked an honorary doctorate it had awarded her.AwardsIn 2010, Eleni was named Ethiopian Person of the Year for the 2002 Ethiopian year. Eleni was listed as one of the 50 Women Shaping "}
{"doc_id":"doc_51","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Jack GoohsenJack Goohsen (born November 7, 1942) is a farmer and former political figure inSaskatchewan, Canada.Goohsen was born in Gull Lake, Saskatchewan and studied agriculturalmanagement at the University of Saskatchewan. He established a farm in the Gull Lake area. He servedon the council for the rural municipality of Carmichael, serving as reeve from 1981 to 1992, and waselected to represent Maple Creek in the 1991 Saskatchewan general election and again in the newCypress Hills district in the 1995 Saskatchewan general election to the Legislative Assembly ofSaskatchewan as a Progressive Conservative.In the spring of 1997, Goohsen was criminally charged afterhe was accused of trying to buy sex from a 14-year-old girl. As a result of this scandal, he was not invitedto join the caucus of the newly founded Saskatchewan Party when it was formed by the remainingProgressive Conservative members along with some Saskatchewan Liberal Party MLA's that summer.Goohsen remained in the legislature as an independent member while his case made its way through thecourts.Gooshen resigned as an MLA after being convicted in 1999 on the child prostitution charge. He losthis appeal to the SK Court of Appeal.Passage 2:Ray DanylukRaymond Bruce \"Ray\" Danyluk  (born 1952or 1953) is a farmer and former provincial politician from Alberta, Canada. He served as a Member ofthe  Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 2001 to 2012 with the Progressive Conservative caucus beforebeing defeated by Wildrose Party candidate Shayne Saskiw in the 2012 election. During his time in officeDanyluk served as a cabinet minister in the government of Premier Ed Stelmach, serving in variousportfolios since 2006.Early lifeDanyluk was born in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. He attended post secondaryeducation at the University of Alberta. He farms near the community of Elk Point, Alberta.PoliticalcareerDanyluk ran for a seat to the Alberta Legislature as a Progressive Conservative candidate in the2001 Alberta general election. He ran in the electoral district of Lac La Biche-St. Paul in a hotly contestedthree candidate race. The seat was open due to the departure of incumbent Paul Langevin. Danyluk heldthe seat for the Progressive Conservatives to win his first term in office. He faced a strong challenge fromLiberal candidate Vital Ouellette but still finished first by a couple thousand votes.Danyluk ran for asecond term in office in the 2004 Alberta general election. He faced three opposition candidates includingthe former Sergent at Arms of the Legislature Oscar Lacombe who ran under the Alberta Alliance banner.Danyluk held his seat winning just over half the popular vote, despite seeing a decline in his support. TheLiberal candidate saw his party's popular vote almost cut in half but still managed to finish a distantsecond, while Lacombe finished a close third out of fourth place.Premier Ed Stelmach appointed Danylukto his first cabinet portfolio in the Executive Council of Alberta as Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housingon December 15, 2006.Danyluk ran for a third term in office in the 2008 Alberta general election withministerial advantage. He faced two other candidates significantly increasing his popular vote returning tooffice with a landslide majority.Premier Stelmach slightly changed Danyluk's cabinet portfolio after the2008 election. On March 12, 2008 he became Minister of Municipal Affairs. He held that portfolio untilStelmach appointed him as Minister of Infrastructure on January 15, 2010.Passage 3:Adam ZolotinAdamZolotin (born November 29, 1983, in New York City, New York) is an American actor, best known forappearing in Leave It to Beaver and Jack.FilmographyFilmJack (1996) as Louis DuranteLeave It to Beaver(1997) as Eddie HaskellDog's Best Friend (1997) as Wylie ThompsonZerophilia (2005) as ChadWhatNews? (2007) as TommyLonely Boy (2013) as MikeTelevisionLaw & Order (1996) as Lonnie Rickman (1episode)Love and Marriage (1996) as Christopher NardiniStorm of the Century (1996) as DaveyHopewellLaw & Order: SVU (2000) as Justin McKenna (1 episode)What I Like About You (2005) as Chris'sFriend (1 episode)The New Adventures of Old Christine (2006) as Mark (1 episode)Scrubs (2004) asReuben (1 episode)Mr. Robot (2016) as David (1 episode)TheaterSirensRecognitionAwards andnominations1996, YoungStar Awards nomination for 'Best Young Actor in a Comedy Film' for Jack1996,Young Artist Awards nomination for 'Best Performance in a Feature Film - Supporting Young Actor' forJack1998, Young Artist Awards nomination for 'Best Performance in a Feature Film - Supporting YoungActor' for Leave It to BeaverPassage 4:Alexander McKenzie (footballer)Alexander McKenzie was anAustralian rules footballer for Port Adelaide. He was noted to be able to kick a football 75 yards without"}
{"doc_id":"doc_52","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre.CareerSince1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films.Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The PaperChase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Someof his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live(1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films. Hedirected \"Heart in Hiding\", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy forBest Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in severalBroadway productions. He costarred with Susan Strasberg in \"[The Diary of Ann Frank]\" but had to leavethe production when he was drafted into the Army. He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University.Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the PacificResident Theatre Company. He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware PoetsPlayhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact TheatreCompany.Passage 2:Benjamin StoloffBenjamin Stoloff (October 6, 1895 – September 8, 1960) was anAmerican film director and producer. He began his career as a short film comedy director and graduallymoved into feature film directing and production later in his career.Directorfilmography1940s–1950sHome Run Derby (1959) – TV SeriesFootlight Varieties (1951)It's a Joke, Son!(1947)Johnny Comes Flying Home (1946)Take It or Leave It (1944)Bermuda Mystery (1944)TheMysterious Doctor (1943)The Hidden Hand (1942)Secret Enemies (1942)Three Sons o' Guns (1941)TheGreat Mr. Nobody (1941)The Marines Fly High (1940)1930sThe Lady and the Mob (1939)The Affairs ofAnnabel (1938)Radio City Revels (1938)Fight for Your Lady (1937)Super-Sleuth (1937)Sea Devils(1937)Don't Turn 'Em Loose (1936)Two in the Dark (1936)To Beat the Band (1935)Swellhead(1935)Transatlantic Merry-Go-Round (1934)Palooka (1934)Night of Terror (1933)Obey the Law(1933)The Devil Is Driving (1932)The Night Mayor (1932)By Whose Hand? (1932)Destry Rides Again(1932)Perfect Control (1932)Slide, Babe, Slide (1932)Goldie (1931)Three Rogues (1931)Not ExactlyGentlemen (1931)Soup to Nuts (1930)New Movietone Follies of 1930 (1930)1920sThe Girl from Havana(1929)Happy Days (1929/I)Protection (1929)Speakeasy (1929)The Bath Between (1928)Plastered inParis (1928)A Horseman of the Plains (1928)Mind Your Business (1928)Silver Valley (1927)The GayRetreat (1927)The Circus Ace (1927)The Canyon of Light (1926)It's a Pipe (1926)Matrimony Blues(1926)The Mad Racer (1926)The Fighting Tailor (1926)East Side, West Side (1925/II)The Heart Breaker(1925)Sweet Marie (1925)Roaring Lions at Home (1924)Stolen Sweeties (1924)In-Bad the Sailor(1924)Stretching the Truth (1924)When Wise Ducks Meet (1924)On the Job (1924)ScreenwriterGasHouse Kids Go West (1947)ProducerLaw of the Tropics (1941)The Spiritualist (1948) also known as TheAmazing Mr. XThe Cobra Strikes (1948)External linksBenjamin Stoloff at IMDbPassage 3:Howard W.KochHoward Winchel Koch (April 11, 1916 – February 16, 2001) was an American producer and directorof film and television.Life and careerKoch was born in New York City, the son of Beatrice (Winchel) andWilliam Jacob Koch. His family was Jewish. He attended DeWitt Clinton High School and the Peddie Schoolin Hightstown, New Jersey. He began his film career as an employee at Universal Studios office in NewYork then made his Hollywood filmmaking debut in 1947 as an assistant director. He worked as aproducer for the first time in 1953 and a year later made his directing debut. In 1964, Paramount Picturesappointed him head of film production, a position he held until 1966 when he left to set up his ownproduction company. He had a production pact with Paramount for over 15 years.Among his numeroustelevision productions, Howard W. Koch produced the Academy Awards show on eight occasions.Dedicated to the industry, he served as President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciencesfrom 1977 to 1979. In 1990 the Academy honored him with The Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award andin 1991 he received the Frank Capra Achievement Award from the Directors Guild of America.Togetherwith actor Telly Savalas, Howard Koch owned the thoroughbred racehorse Telly's Pop, winner of severalimportant California races for juveniles including the Norfolk Stakes and Del Mar Futurity.Howard W. Koch"}
{"doc_id":"doc_53","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Heather D. GibsonHeather Denise Gibson (Greek: Χέδερ Ντενίζ Γκίμπσον) is a Scottisheconomist currently serving as Director-Advisor to the Bank of Greece (since 2011). She was the spouseof Euclid Tsakalotos, former Greek Minister of Finance.Academic careerBefore assuming her duties at theBank of Greece and alternating child-rearing duties with her husband, Gibson worked at the University ofKent, where she published two volumes on international exchange rate mechanisms and wrote numerousarticles on this and other topics, sometimes in cooperation with her husband, who was teaching at Kentat the time.Personal lifeGibson first came to Greece in 1993, with her husband, with whom she took turnsaway from their respective economic studies to raise their three children while the other worked.Thecouple maintain two homes in Kifisia, along with an office in Athens and a vacation home in Preveza. In2013, this proved detrimental to Tsakalotos and his party when his critics began calling him «αριστερόςαριστοκράτης» (aristeros aristokratis, \"aristocrat of the left\"), while newspapers opposed to the Syrizaparty seized on his property holdings as a chance to accuse the couple of hypocrisy for enjoying agenerous lifestyle in private while criticizing the \"ethic of austerity\" in public. One opposition newspaperpublished on the front page criticism reasoning that Tsakalotos own family wealth came from the samesort of investments in companies as made by financial institutions JP Morgan andBlackRock.WorksEditorEconomic Bulletin, Bank of GreeceBooksThe Eurocurrency Markets, DomesticFinancial Policy and International Instability (London, etc., Longman: 1989) ISBN0312028261International Finance: Exchange Rates and Financial Flows in the International FinancialSystem (London, etc., Longman: 1996) ISBN 0582218136Economic Transformation, Democratization andIntegration into the European Union (London: Palgrave Macmillan: 2001) ISBN 9780333801222Articlesand papers\"Fundamentally Wrong: Market Pricing of Sovereigns and the Greek Financial Crisis,\" Journalof Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 39(PB), pp. 405–419 (with Stephen G. & Tavlas, George S.,2014)\"Capital flows and speculative attacks in prospective EU member states\" (with Euclid Tsakalotos,Economics of Transition Volume 12, Issue 3, pages 559–586, September 2004)\"A Unifying Framework forAnalysing Offsetting Capital Flows and Sterilisation: Germany and the ERM\" (with Sophocles Brissimis &Euclid Tsakalotos, International Journal of Finance & Economics, 2002, vol. 7, issue 1, pp.63–78)\"Internal vs External Financing of Acquisitions: Do Managers Squander Retained Profits\" (withAndrew Dickerson and Euclid Tsakalotos, Studies in Economics, 1996; Oxford Bulletin of Economics andStatistics, 2000)\"Are Aggregate Consumption Relationships Similar Across the European Union\" (withAlan Carruth & Euclid Tsakalotos, Regional Studies, Volume 33, Issue 1, 1999)Takeover Risk and theMarket for Corporate Control: The Experience of British Firms in the 1970s and 1980 (with AndrewDickerson and Euclid Tsakalotos, 1998) PDF\"The Impact of Acquisitions on Company Performance:Evidence from a Large Panel of UK Firms\" (with Andrew Dickerson and Euclid Tsakalotos, OxfordEconomic Papers New Series, Vol. 49, No. 3 (Jul., 1997), pp. 344–361)\"Short-Termism andUnderinvestment: The Influence of Financial Systems\" (with Andrew Dickerson and Euclid Tsakalotos, TheManchester School of Economic & Social Studies, 1995, vol. 63, issue 4, pp. 351–67)\"Testing a FlowModel of Capital Flight in Five European Countries\" (with Euclid Tsakalotos, The Manchester School ofEconomic and Social Studies, Volume 61, Issue 2, pp. 144–166, June 1993)Full list of articles by HeatherD Gibson. researchgate.net. Recovered 7 July 2015Passage 2:Adib KheirAdib Kheir (Arabic: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000) was a leading Syrian nationalist of the 1920s. He was the owner of the Librairie Universelle inDamascus. His granddaughter is the spouse of Manaf Tlass.Passage 3:Sophia Magdalena ofDenmarkSophia Magdalena of Denmark (Danish: Sophie Magdalene; Swedish: Sofia Magdalena; 3 July1746 – 21 August 1813) was Queen of Sweden from 1771 to 1792 as the wife of King Gustav III. Borninto the House of Oldenburg, the royal family of Denmark-Norway, Sophia Magdalena was the firstdaughter of King Frederick V of Denmark and Norway and his first consort, Princess Louise of GreatBritain. Already at the age of five, she was betrothed to Gustav, the heir apparent to the throne ofSweden, as part of an attempt to improve the traditionally tense relationship between the twoScandinavian realms. She was subsequently brought up to be the Queen of Sweden, and they married in"}
{"doc_id":"doc_54","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Demos ChiangDemos Yu-bou Chiang (Chinese: \u0000\u0000\u0000), born on 10 September 1976 in Taipei, Taiwan, is a Taiwanese and Canadian businessman. He founded DEM Inc. (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000), a popular design studio in Taiwan in July 2003 and has served as its chairman since then. He is also known for being the great-grandson of the late Republic of China (ROC) President Chiang Kai-shek and the grandson of late President Chiang Ching-kuo. His grandmother was Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang.BiographyBorn to Chiang Ching-kuo's third son Chiang Hsiao-yung and his wife Chiang Fang Chi-yi, he is the eldest of three sons. Demos Chiang was raised in Taipei until his grandfather's death in 1988. After his grandfather's death, Chiang's parents sent him to live in Canada and later the United States, though he still retained his ROC nationality, it also started the departure from politics for Demo's parents. Chiang received a bachelor's degree in Information Management from New York University in late 1990s. After graduating, Chiang worked in the entertainment and fashion industries in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore, until founding DEM Inc. in 2003.In Spring 2001, Chiang began a relationship with local starlet Lin Heng-yi (\u0000\u0000\u0000), the daughter of Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital's then president Lin Hsin-jung (\u0000\u0000\u0000). The couple married in February 2003 and now have a daughter born in 2003 and a son born in 2005.Despite his pedigree and celebrity identity, Demos Chiang has repeatedly announced in recent years that he is not interested in political affairs. He has also accused both the Kuomintang and the Democratic Progressive Party for \"poor political tactics\", especially for utilizing Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo as figures of worship or denigration. In contrast to other prominent members of the Chiang family, such as John Chiang and his mother Chiang Fang Chi-yi, Demos Chiang has expressed his belief that the controversies of his ancestors should be faced fairly and left to history. He started a personal blog in January 2008 to further explain his beliefs.Passage 2:Chiang Hsiao-wenChiang Hsiao-wen (Chinese: \u0000\u0000 \u0000; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 – 14 April 1989) was the eldest son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one younger sister,  Hsiao-chang, and two younger brothers, Hsiao-wu and Hsiao-yung.  He had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.He married Xu Nai Jin (Nancy) (Chinese: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000) in 1960 and had a daughter, Yomei, in 1961. He suffered brain damage in 1970 while being treated for diabetes. He died of throat cancer on April 14, 1989.Passage 3:John Adams (merchant)John Adams (1672 or 1673 – c. 1745) was an American-born Canadian merchant and member of the Nova Scotia Council. He was the father-in-law of Henry Newton.BiographyAdams was born in Boston in either 1672 or 1673 to John and Avis Adams. Growing up as a petty merchant, Adams joined Sir Charles Hobby's New England regiment, participating in the capture of Port-Royal in 1710. Shortly thereafter, Adams settled in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, returning to civilian life. There, he traded manufactured goods with the province's Acadian and Native Americans, and took up the role of a real estate agent and contractor. Adams joined the Executive Council of Nova Scotia on 28 April 1720, holding his position there for 20 years; the records show that few served as long as he did. He also held several other public positions in the province. Adams was appointed a notary public and deputy collector of customs for Annapolis Royal in 1725, and he was commissioned a justice of the peace in March 1727.Around the mid-1720s, Adams' poor eyesight began to fail, leading to his near-blindness in 1730. After this, he was less active in community activities and trade. Adams petitioned to the king for a pension several times, but failed. He blamed his disability on over-exposure to the sun during an Indian attack on Annapolis Royal in 1724. In December 1739, Lieutenant Governor Lawrence Armstrong died. With the absence of Major Mascarene to take Armstrong's place, Adams became the new president of the council and head of the civil government. (Alexander Cosby was also vying for the position.) In a meeting on 22 March 1740, with the return of Mascarene, the councilors declared that he was the council's rightful president. This turn of events led Adams to retire to Boston in late August or early September 1740, where he stayed for the rest of his life. He died some time after 1745.NotesPassage 4:Barthold A. Butenschøn Sr.Hans Barthold Andresen Butenschøn (27 December 1877 – 28 November 1971) was a Norwegian businessperson.He was born in Kristiania as a son of Nils "}
{"doc_id":"doc_55","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Maria Manuela, Princess of PortugalDona Maria Manuela (15 October 1527 – 12 July 1545) was the eldest daughter and second child of King John III of Portugal and his wife Catherine of Austria. She was Princess of Asturias and Duchess of Milan as the first wife of the future Philip II of Spain, and Princess of Portugal as heir presumptive to the Portuguese throne between 1527 and 1535.Early lifeMaria was born in Coimbra on 15 October 1527 and was one of the two children of John III to survive childhood. In her youth, Maria received a humanistic education that was considered typical for a princess of her time.Marriage and later lifeShe married her double first cousin Philip II of Spain on 12 November 1543 at Salamanca. As she was to be married to the Prince of Asturias, heir apparent to the Spanish crown, and being an Infanta of Portugal, their wedding became one of the most remarkable in the history of Spain due to its opulence. Contemporary writers have left detailed descriptions of the journey from Madrid to Badajoz to Salamanca to receive the princess and of the luxuries she was given by the Duke of Medina Sidonia in Badajoz.She gave birth to their son Carlos on 8 July 1545 in Valladolid, but died four days later due to a haemorrhage. She was initially buried in the Royal Chapel of Granada on 30 March 1549 but was later transferred to Royal Crypt of the Monastery of El Escorial.AncestryNotesPassage 2:Philip II of SpainPhilip II (21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598), also known as Philip the Prudent (Spanish: Felipe el Prudente), was King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from 1580, and King of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until his death in 1598. He was also jure uxoris King of England and Ireland from his marriage to Queen Mary I in 1554 until her death in 1558. He was also Duke of Milan from 1540. From 1555, he was Lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands.The son of Emperor Charles V and Isabella of Portugal, Philip inherited his father's Spanish Empire in 1556 and succeeded to the Portuguese throne in 1580 following a dynastic crisis. The Spanish conquests of the Inca Empire and of the Philippines, named in his honor by Ruy López de Villalobos, were completed during his reign. Under Philip II,  Spain reached the height of its influence and power, sometimes called the Spanish Golden Age, and ruled territories in every continent then known to Europeans. Philip led a highly debt-leveraged regime, seeing state defaults in 1557, 1560, 1569, 1575, and 1596. This policy was partly the cause of the declaration of independence that created the Dutch Republic in 1581. Philip finished building the royal palace El Escorial in 1584.Deeply devout, Philip saw himself as the defender of Catholic Europe against the Ottoman Empire and the Protestant Reformation. In 1584, Philip signed the Treaty of Joinville funding the French Catholic League over the following decade in its civil war against the French Huguenots. In 1588, he sent an armada to invade Protestant England, with the strategic aim of overthrowing Elizabeth I and re-establishing Catholicism there, but his fleet was defeated in a skirmish at Gravelines (northern France) and then destroyed by storms as it circled the British Isles to return to Spain. The following year Philip's naval power was able to recover after the failed invasion of the English Armada into Spain. Two more Spanish armadas unsuccessfully tried to invade England in 1596 and 1597. The Anglo-Spanish war carried on until 1604, six years after Philip's death.Under Philip, an average of about 9,000 soldiers were recruited from Spain each year, rising to as many as 20,000 in crisis years. Between 1567 and 1574, nearly 43,000 men left Spain to fight in Italy and the Low Countries (modern-day Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands).Philip was described by the Venetian ambassador Paolo Fagolo in 1563 as \"slight of stature and round-faced, with pale blue eyes, somewhat prominent lip, and pink skin, but his overall appearance is very attractive. ... He dresses very tastefully, and everything that he does is courteous and gracious.\" Philip was married four times; all his wives predeceased him.Early life: 1527–1544A member of the House of Habsburg, Philip was the son of Emperor Charles V, who was also king of Castile and Aragon, and Isabella of Portugal. He was born in the Castilian capital of Valladolid on 21 May 1527 at Palacio de Pimentel, which was owned by Don Bernardino Pimentel (the first Marqués de Távara). The culture and courtly life of Castile were an important influence in his early life. He was entrusted to the royal governess Leonor de Mascareñas, and tutored by Juan Martínez Siliceo, the future archbishop of Toledo. Philip displayed reasonable aptitude in arts and letters alike. Later he would study with more illustrious tutors, including the humanist Juan Cristóbal Calvete de Estrella. Though Philip had good command over Latin, Spanish, and Portuguese, he never "}
{"doc_id":"doc_56","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Earl of DesmondMaurice FitzMaurice FitzGerald, 2nd Earl of Desmond(d. 1358) (Maurice Óg) was the son of Maurice FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Desmond, and his first wife,Catherine de Burgh. (Some sources list her as Margaret.)The 2nd Earl married Beatrice de Stafford,daughter of Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford and Margaret Audley, but died at Castle Maine withoutany male issue, and was therefore succeeded in the Earldom of Desmond by his half-brother GeraldFitzGerald, 3rd Earl of Desmond. FitzGerald's widow married Thomas de Ros, 4th Baron de Ros around ayear after FitzGerald's death. He was buried in Tralee Abbey.Passage 2:William Feilding, 1st Earl ofDenbighAdmiral William Feilding, 1st Earl of Denbigh (c. 1587 – 8 April 1643, Cannock) was an Englishnaval officer and courtier.BiographyWilliam Feilding was the son of Basil Fielding of Newnham Paddox inWarwickshire (High Sheriff of Warwickshire in 1612) and of Elizabeth Aston, daughter of Sir Walter Aston(1530–1599).Feilding matriculated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge in 1603. In 1606 Feilding marriedSusan, daughter of Sir George Villiers and sister of George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, who wasennobled as the favourite of King James I. With the rise of Villiers, both Feilding and his wife receivedvarious offices and dignities.Knighted on 4 March 1607, William Feilding was created Baron and ViscountFeilding in 1620. Two years later he was appointed Master of the Great Wardrobe and Custos Rotulorumof Warwickshire and Earl of Denbigh on 14 September 1622. He attended Prince Charles on the Spanishadventure, served as admiral in the unsuccessful Cadiz Expedition in 1625, and commanded thedisastrous attempt upon Rochelle in 1628, becoming the same year a member of the Council of war, andin 1633 a Member of the Council of Wales and the Marches.In 1631, Lord Denbigh ventured to the East aserstwhile ambassador to the court of Safi of Persia. He visited the East India Company's fledgling Indianpossessions where, in 1632, Lord Denbigh met with the Mogul emperor. He returned to England in late1633.On 6 July 1641 a barge carrying Feilding, his daughter Elizabeth, Lady Kinalmeaky, Lady Cornwallis,and Anne Kirke capsized while shooting the rapids at London Bridge. Kirke was drowned but the otherpassengers were rescued.On the outbreak of the English Civil War he served under Prince Rupert of theRhine and was present at the Battle of Edgehill. On 3 April 1643 during Rupert's attack on Birmingham hewas wounded and died from the effects on the 8th, being buried at Monks Kirby in Warwickshire. Hiscourage, unselfishness and devotion to duty are much praised by Edward Hyde, Earl ofClarendon.FamilySir William and his wife, Susan Villiers, had six children:Basil Feilding, 2nd Earl ofDenbigh (c. 1608–1675)George Feilding, 1st Earl of Desmond (c. 1614–1665)Lady Mary Feilding(1613–1638), married James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton.Lady Anne Feilding (died 1636), marriedBaptist Noel, 3rd Viscount CampdenElizabeth Feilding, Countess of Guildford (died 1667), married LewisBoyle, 1st Viscount Boyle.Lady Henrietta Marie Feilding (died young)His daughter, Lady Mary Feilding(1613–1638), also known as Margaret, was married to James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton, one of theheirs to the throne of Scotland after the descendants of James VI (James I of England). Her portrait waspainted by Anthony van Dyck and Henry Pierce Bone. His eldest son, Basil, inherited the title of Earl ofDenbigh. His second son, George Feilding, was awarded the right to the title of Earl of Desmond at thesame time as his father was made Earl of Denbigh in 1622. George Feilding was around eight years old atthe time. Earl of Desmond was a lesser title than Earl of Denbigh, being a title in the Irish, rather thanEnglish, peerage.AncestryNotesPassage 3:George Feilding, 1st Earl of DesmondGeorge Feilding, 1st Earlof Desmond (c. 1614 – 31 January 1665) was an English aristocrat, awarded the title of Earl of Desmondin the Peerage of Ireland by Charles I  of England under the terms of a letter patent issued by James I ofEngland.George Feilding was the second son of William Feilding, 1st Earl of Denbigh, and his wife, theformer Susan Villiers. Susan was the sister of George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, confidant andlover of James I, and her family were showered with titles and preferment as a result of George Villiers'immense influence.In 1622, when George Feilding was around 8 years old, James I created him BaronFielding, of Lecaghe in the County of Tipperary, and Viscount Callan, of Callan in the County of Kilkenny.At the same time, George was given the right to the title Earl of Desmond as and when the previousholder of that title, Richard Preston, died without a male heir. Preston had also been a favourite and"}
{"doc_id":"doc_57","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Pooja BhattPooja Bhatt (born 24 February 1972) is an Indian film director, actress, voice over artist and film maker. Born into the Bhatt family, she is the daughter of Indian filmmaker, Mahesh Bhatt and the half-sister of Alia Bhatt and cousin of Emraan Hashmi. Bhatt played her first leading role in Mahesh Bhatt's television film Daddy in 1989. For the film, she won the Filmfare Award for Lux New Face of the Year for Best Female Debut. She is also seen in the Bigg Boss OTT (Hindi season 2)Early lifePooja Bhatt was born on 24 February 1972 to Mahesh Bhatt and Kiran Bhatt (born Loraine Bright). On her father's side, Bhatt is of Gujarati descent and on her mother's side, she is of English, Scottish, Armenian, and Burmese ancestry. She is the step-daughter of Soni Razdan. She has a brother, Rahul Bhatt and half-sisters Shaheen and Alia Bhatt. Her cousins are Hitarth Bhat and Emraan Hashmi.CareerBhatt made her acting debut at age 17, in 1989 with Daddy, a TV film directed by her father Mahesh Bhatt. In the film she portrayed a soul-searching teenage girl in an estranged relationship with her alcoholic father, played by actor Anupam Kher.Her biggest solo hit and her big screen debut came with the musical hit Dil Hai Ke Manta Nahin (1991), which was a remake of the Oscar-winning Hollywood classic It Happened One Night. Pooja Bhatt appeared in many bold shoots like Stardust.Her most well-known films in the 1990s included Sadak opposite Sanjay Dutt (1991), Junoon, Jaanam, and Phir Teri Kahani Yaad Aayee opposite Rahul Roy, Sir (1993) and Guneghar (1995) opposite Atul Agnihotri, Tadipaar (1993) and Naaraaz (1994) opposite Mithun Chakraborty, Hum Dono opposite Rishi Kapoor, Angrakshak opposite Sunny Deol (1995), Chaahat opposite Shah Rukh Khan (1996), Tamanna (1997), the super-hit and multi-starrer Border (1997) and Zakhm (1998), opposite Ajay Devgan. Her last film appearance was in the English language film Everybody Says I'm Fine! in 2001.From 2003 to 2012, she focused on producing and directing. She made her directorial debut with Paap in 2004, starring John Abraham and Udita Goswami. Since then, she has made four more directorial ventures: Holiday (2006), Dhokha (2007), Kajraare (2010) and Jism 2 (2012).In 2020, Bhatt returned to acting with Sadak 2, a sequel to the hit 1991 film. Her father returned to directing with this film after 20 years. It was released on 28 August 2020 on the streaming platform Disney+ Hotstar.In 2021, Bhatt made her web series debut in the Netflix series Bombay Begums. It also featured Rahul Bose, Amruta Subhash, Shahana Goswami, Plabita Borthakur and Aadhya Anand.In 2022, she appeared in the film Chup: Revenge of the Artist.Currently , She is a Participant of Bigg Boss OTT 2FilmographyActing rolesTelevisionAwards and recognitionsPassage 2:Peter HamelPeter Hamel (1911–1979) was a German screenwriter and a director of film and television. He appeared as himself in the 1948 comedy Film Without a Title. He is the father of the composer Peter Michael Hamel.Selected filmographyFilm Without a Title (1948)Artists' Blood (1949)Oh, You Dear Fridolin (1952)The Daring Swimmer (1957)Passage 3:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)Passage 4:Yasuichi OshimaYasuichi Oshima (\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, Ōshima Yasuichi, born 24 March 1954 in Kyoto) is a Japanese manga artist. In 1984, he won the Kodansha Manga Award for shōnen for Bats & Terry.He is the father of manga artist Towa Oshima.Selected worksKenkaku Shōbai (2008–2021)Passage 5:Paul BrookePaul Brooke (born 22 November 1944) is a retired English actor of film, television and radio. He made his film debut in 1972 in the Hammer film Straight on till Morning, followed by performances in For Your Eyes Only (1981), Return of the Jedi (1983), Scandal (1989), Saving Grace (2000), Bridget Jones's Diary (2001), Alfie (2004), The Phantom of the Opera (2004), and Oliver Twist (2005). Brooke is the father of actor Tom Brooke.CareerBrooke began as a stage actor and has played in many London productions, including several years as a member of Frank Dunlop's original Young Vic Company. He played Malakili the Rancor Keeper in the 1983 Star Wars film Return of the Jedi (his voiced dubbed over by Ernie Fosselius). He played British Conservative politician Ian Gow in the 2004 BBC series The Alan Clark Diaries. In 2006, he guest starred in the Doctor Who audio adventure Year of the Pig as well as the 1990 "}
{"doc_id":"doc_58","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Köpekler AdasıKöpekler Adası is a 1997 Turkish film, directed by Halit Refiğ and starring MursitBag, Ekrem Dümer, and Tanju Gürsu.Passage 2:Borsalino & Co.Borsalino & Co. is a 1974 French crimefilm directed by Jacques Deray and starring Alain Delon, Riccardo Cucciolla and Daniel Ivernel. It is thesequel to the 1970 film Borsalino, opening with the criminal Siffredi as he searches Marseille for the gangthat murdered his friend Capella.PlotSiffredi, a prominent gangster in 1930s Marseille, learns that themurder of his associate and closest friend Capella was ordered by a new arrival in the city, Volpone. Inrevenge, he kills Volpone's brother by throwing him from a moving train. A gang war ensues. Volpone'smen win, capturing Siffredi and putting his mistress Lola in a brothel. Siffredi is humiliated by the gangby turning him into an alcoholic wreck who is shut up in a psychiatric hospital. Rescued by the only othersurvivor of the gang, he escapes by boat to Italy. Left supreme in Marseille, Volpone is backed by thegovernment of Nazi Germany and has the police in his pocket.Three years later, Siffredi has recovered hishealth, made some money and assembled a new gang. Returning to Marseille, they free Lola from thebrothel and in a new war eliminate most of Volpone's men. Capturing his right-hand man together withthe police commissioner who kowtows to him, Siffredi makes the two roaring drunk and calls injournalists to publicise the shameful spectacle. A new police commissioner decides to let Siffredi finish thejob. When Volpone tries to flee to Germany, Siffredi captures him on the train and stuffs him into thefirebox of the locomotive. Not wanting to start again in Marseille, with Lola and his gang he then takes aship for the United States.Partial castAlain Delon - Roch SiffrediRiccardo Cucciolla - VolponeDaniel Ivernel- Inspector FantiReinhard Kolldehoff - SamAndré Falcon - Inspector CazenaveLionel Vitrant -FernandAdolfo Lastretti - LucianoGreg Germain - Le 'Nègre'Pierre Koulak - SpadaMarius Laurey -TeissereSerge Davri - CharlieGünter Meisner - Le médecinJacques Debary - Le préfetDjéloul Beghoura -LucienBruno Balp - Un spectateur de l'AlcazarCatherine Rouvel - LolaAnton Diffring - GermanMireille Darc- CameoProductionFilming took place from 29 March to 25 June 1974.ReceptionThe film was a box officedisappointment, especially considering the success of the first movie.Passage 3:Hassan ZeeHassan\"Doctor\" Zee is a Pakistani-American film director who was born in Chakwal, Pakistan.Early lifeDoctor Zeegrew up in Chakwal, a small village in Punjab, Pakistan. as one of seven brothers and sisters  His fatherwas in the military and this fact required the family to move often to different cities. As a child Zee wasforbidden from watching cinema because his father believed movies were a bad influence on children.Atage 13, Doctor Zee got his start in the world of entertainment at Radio Pakistan where he wrote andproduced radio dramas and musical programs.  It was then that he realized his passion for storytelling Atthe age of 26, Doctor Zee earned his medical doctorate degree and did his residency in a burn unit at thePakistan Institute of Medical Sciences. He cared for women who were victims of  \"Bride Burning,\" thearchaic practice used as a form of punishment against women who fail to provide sufficient dowry to theirin-laws after marriage or fail to provide offspring.  He also witnessed how his country’s transgender andintersex people, called “hijras”, were banned from having jobs and forced to beg to survive. Theseexperiences inspired Doctor Zee to tackle the issues of women’s empowerment and gender inequality inhis films.In 1999, he came to San Francisco to pursue his dream of filmmaking and made San Franciscohis homeEducationHe received his early education from Jinnah Public School, Chakwal. He got his medicaldoctor degree at Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan.Film careerDoctor Zee's first film titled Night ofHenna was released in 2005. The theme of the film dealt with \"the conflict between Old World immigrantcustoms and modern Western ways...\" Night of Henna focused on the problems of Pakistani expatriateswho found it hard to adjust in American culture. Many often landed themselves in trouble when it came tomarrying off their children.His second film Bicycle Bride came out in 2010, which was about \"the clashbetween the bonds of family and the weight of tradition.\" His third film House of Temptation that cameout in 2014 was about a family which struggles against the temptations of the Devil. His fourth film “GoodMorning Pakistan”, concerned a young American’s journey back to Pakistan where he confronts thecontradictory nature of a beautiful and ancient culture that's marred by economic, educational andgender inequality His upcoming fifth film, \"Ghost in San Francisco\" is a supernatural thriller starring"}
{"doc_id":"doc_59","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Henry KrauseHenry J. \"Red\" Krause, Jr. (August 28, 1913 – February 20, 1987) was an American football offensive lineman in the National Football League for the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Washington Redskins.  He played college football at St. Louis University.Passage 2:Carlo I Cybo-MalaspinaCarlo I Cybo-Malaspina (18 November 1581 - 13 February 1662) was an Italian nobleman, who was prince of Massa and marquis of Carrara from 1623 until his death.Born in Ferrara, he was the son of Alderano Cybo-Malaspina and Marfisa d'Este. He was also Duke of Ferentillo and held other patrician positions in several of the numerous Italian states of the time. In 1605, he married the Genoese noblewoman Brigida Spinola, from whom he had numerous children.The eldest of them, Alberico, succeeded him after his death in 1662.Passage 3:Abd al-MuttalibShayba ibn Hāshim (Arabic: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000; c. 497–578), better known as \u0000Abd al-Mu\u0000\u0000alib, (Arabic: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, lit. 'Servant of Muttalib') was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation. He was the grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.Early lifeHis father was Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf,: 81 the progenitor of the distinguished Banu Hashim, a clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca. They claimed descent from Ismā'īl and Ibrāhīm. His mother was Salma bint Amr, from the Banu Najjar, a clan of the Khazraj tribe in Yathrib (later called Madinah). Hashim died while doing business in Gaza, before Abd al-Muttalib was born.: 81 His real name was \"Shaiba\" meaning 'the ancient one' or 'white-haired' because of the streak of white through his jet-black hair, and is sometimes also called Shaybah al-\u0000amd (\"The white streak of praise\").: 81–82 After his father's death he was raised in Yathrib with his mother and her family until about the age of eight, when his uncle Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf went to see him and asked his mother Salmah to entrust Shaybah to his care. Salmah was unwilling to let her son go and Shaiba refused to leave his mother without her consent. Mu\u0000\u0000alib then pointed out that the possibilities Yathrib had to offer were incomparable to Mecca. Salmah was impressed with his arguments, so she agreed to let him go. Upon first arriving in Mecca, the people assumed the unknown child was Muttalib's servant and started calling him 'Abd al-Muttalib (\"servant of Muttalib\").: 85–86Chieftain of Hashim clanWhen Mu\u0000\u0000alib died, Shaiba succeeded him as the chief of the Hāshim clan. Following his uncle Al-Mu\u0000\u0000alib, he took over the duties of providing the pilgrims with food and water, and carried on the practices of his forefathers with his people. He attained such eminence as none of his forefathers enjoyed; his people loved him and his reputation was great among them.: 61 'Umar ibn Al-Kha\u0000\u0000āb's grandfather Nufayl ibn Abdul Uzza arbitrated in a dispute between 'Abdul-Mu\u0000\u0000alib and \u0000arb ibn Umayyah, Abu Sufyan's father, over the custodianship of the Kaaba. Nufayl gave his verdict in favour of 'Abdul-Mu\u0000\u0000alib. Addressing \u0000arb ibn Umayyah, he said:Why do you pick a quarrel with a person who is taller than you in stature; more imposing than you in appearance; more refined than you in intellect; whose progeny outnumbers yours and whose generosity outshines yours in lustre? Do not, however, construe this into any disparagement of your good qualities which I highly appreciate. You are as gentle as a lamb, you are renowned throughout Arabia for the stentorian tones of your voice, and you are an asset to your tribe.Discovery of Zam Zam Well'Abdul-Mu\u0000\u0000alib said that while sleeping in the sacred enclosure, he had dreamed he was ordered to dig at the worship place of the Quraysh between the two deities Isāf and Nā'ila. There he would find the Zamzam Well, which the Jurhum tribe had filled in when they left Mecca. The Quraysh tried to stop him digging in that spot, but his son Al-\u0000ārith stood guard until they gave up their protests. After three days of digging, 'Abdul-Mu\u0000\u0000alib found traces of an ancient religious well and exclaimed, \"Allahuakbar!\" Some of the Quraysh disputed his claim to sole rights over water, then one of them suggested that they go to a female shaman who lived afar. It was said that she could summon jinns and that she could help them decide who was the owner of the well. So, 11 people from the 11 tribes went on the expedition. They had to cross the desert to meet the priestess but then they got lost. There was a lack of food and water and people started to lose hope of ever getting out. One of them suggested that they dig their own graves and if they died, the last person standing would bury the others. So all began digging their own graves and just as Abdul-Mu\u0000\u0000alib started digging, water spewed out from the hole he dug and everyone became overjoyed. It was then and there decided that Abdul-Muttalib was the owner of the Zam Zam well. "}
{"doc_id":"doc_60","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:The Brave ArcherThe Brave Archer, also known as Kungfu Warlord, is a 1977 Hong Kong filmadapted from Louis Cha's novel The Legend of the Condor Heroes. The film was produced by the ShawBrothers Studio and directed by Chang Cheh, starring Alexander Fu Sheng and Tien Niu in the lead roles.The film is the first part of a trilogy and was followed by The Brave Archer 2 (1978) and The Brave Archer3 (1981). The trilogy has two unofficial sequels, The Brave Archer and His Mate (1982) and Little DragonMaiden (1983).PlotGuo Jing and Yang Kang are the sons of two rebels. The rebels are killed by imperialsoldiers, and then, the boys are rescued by six skilled pugilists. The pugilists agree to separate the twoboys, tutor them separately in martial arts, and let them meet again when they have grown up, todetermine whose abilities are better. Guo becomes the student of the \"Seven Freaks of Jiangnan\" whileYang Kang becomes the foster son of a Jurchen prince inadvertently.When he reaches adulthood, GuoJing travels to a local town, where he meets and befriends a beggar named Huang Rong, who is actuallythe daughter of Huang Yaoshi, master of Peach Blossom Island. He also meets Yang Kang, withoutknowing Yang's true identity, during a contest to win the hand-in-marriage of Mu Nianci, the adopteddaughter of Yang's father. Yang's father is actually still alive. Yang Kang is tempted by the wealth andfame of being a noble, and he refuses to acknowledge and betrays his father, while his mother commitssuicide.Huang Rong reveals to Guo Jing later that she is actually a woman and they go on adventuretogether. Guo Jing learns the \"Eighteen Dragon-Subduing Palms\" from the \"Nine-fingered Beggar\" HongQigong, while Huang Rong is groomed by Hong to become his successor as chief of the Beggars' Sect.Guo and Huang travel to Peach Blossom Island later to meet Huang's father. Huang Yaoshi is does notapprove of his daughter's marriage to Guo Jing. While exploring the island, Guo Jing meets a strangeman called Zhou Botong who teaches him special martial arts techniques and forces him to read amanual, which is later revealed to be written by Huang Rong's late mother.Ouyang Feng visits PeachBlossom Island with his nephew Ouyang Ke, and he proposes a marriage between his nephew and HuangRong. Just then, Hong Qigong also arrives and he strongly supports Guo Jing to marry Huang Rong.Eventually, Huang Yaoshi arranges for a contest between Guo Jing and Ouyang Ke to determine who isworthy of his daughter's hand-in-marriage. The last part of the contest involves both of them having toread a manual and recite it from memory later. As Guo had already read the manual earlier, he recites iteasily and wins the contest. Huang Yaoshi agrees to his daughter's marriage to Guo Jing. However,Ouyang Feng realizes that the manual is actually the fabled Nine Yin Manual and he wants it forhimself.CastExternal linksThe Brave Archer at IMDbThe Brave Archer at the Hong Kong MovieDataBasePassage 2:Little Dragon MaidenLittle Dragon Maiden, also known as The Brave Archer 5, is a1983 Hong Kong film adapted from Louis Cha's novel The Return of the Condor Heroes. Little DragonMaiden is seen as an unofficial sequel to the The Brave Archer, The Brave Archer 2, The Brave Archer 3,and The Brave Archer and His Mate.CastExternal linksLittle Dragon Maiden at IMDbLittle Dragon Maidenat the Hong Kong Movie DataBasePassage 3:Robert RossenRobert Rossen (March 16, 1908 – February18, 1966) was an American screenwriter, film director, and producer whose film career spanned almostthree decades.His 1949 film All the King's Men won Oscars for Best Picture, Best Actor and BestSupporting Actress, while Rossen was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director. He won theGolden Globe for Best Director and the film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Picture. In 1961, hedirected The Hustler, which was nominated for nine Oscars and won two.After directing and writing forthe stage in New York, Rossen moved to Hollywood in 1937. From there, he worked as a screenwriter forWarner Bros. until 1941, and then interrupted his career to serve until 1944 as the chairman of theHollywood Writers Mobilization, a body to organize writers for the effort in World War II. In 1945, hejoined a picket line against Warner Bros. After making one film for Hal B. Wallis's newly formedproduction company, Rossen made one for Columbia Pictures, another for Wallis and most of his laterfilms for his own companies, usually in collaboration with Columbia.Rossen was a member of theAmerican Communist Party from 1937 to about 1947, and believed the Party was \"dedicated to socialcauses of the sort that we as poor Jews from New York were interested in.\"He ended all relations with the"}
{"doc_id":"doc_61","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Vera MiletićVera Miletić (Serbian Cyrillic: Вера Милетић; 8 March 1920 – 7 September 1944)was a Serbian student and soldier. She was notable for being the mother of Mira Marković, posthumouslymaking her the mother-in-law of Serbian president Slobodan Milošević.Personal lifeHer cousin wasDavorjanka Paunović who was the personal secretary of Communist Party of Yugoslavia leader Josip BrozTito.Passage 2:Beatrice of ProvenceBeatrice of Provence (c. 1229 – 23 September 1267), was rulingCountess of Provence and Forcalquier from 1245 until her death, as well as Countess of Anjou and Maine,Queen of Sicily and Naples by marriage to Charles I of Naples.She was the fourth and youngest daughterof Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence and Forcalquier by his wife Beatrice, in turn daughter of CountThomas I of Savoy and Margaret of Geneva.LifeInheritance of Provence and ForcalquierBeatrice, like hersisters, mother and grandmother was known for her beauty. A description of Beatrice said she\"set men'shearts thumping and the fingers of troubadours to fevered twanging of lyres. Two of the balladists at theProvencal court were temporarily deprived of reason for love of the entrancing Beatrice\"All RamonBerenguer IV's three older daughters married to titles of status: The eldest, Margaret, was Queen ofFrance by marriage to Louis IX; the second, Eleanor, was Queen of England by marriage to Henry III, andthe third, Sanchia, was titular Queen of Germany by marriage to Henry's brother Richard, Earl ofCornwall. King Louis IX's marriage to Margaret had been arranged by his mother, Blanche of Castile, withthe hopes that he would inherit Provence and Forcalquier when her father died.In his will signed on 20June 1238 at Sisteron, Ramon Berenguer IV unexpectedly left the Counties of Provence and Forcalquierto his youngest and still unmarried daughter, Beatrice.Countess of Provence and ForcalquierRamonBerenguer IV died on 19 August 1245 at Aix-en-Provence, and according to his will, Beatrice becameCountess of Provence and Forcalquier in her own right, with the provision that the Dowager Countesscould retain the usufruct of the County of Provence for her lifetime.Now, Beatrice became one of the mostattractive heiresses in medieval Europe, and soon several suitors appeared for her hand. Firstly, theneighboring rulers of her domains began their claims: the twice-divorced Raymond VII, Count of Toulouseand King James I of Aragon, who, despite being married to Violant of Hungary, invaded Provence andseized the residence of the countess. In addition, the thrice-widowed Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor,dispatched the imperial navy to Provence to ensure Beatrice could marry one of his sons or evenhimself.In such a difficult situation, the Dowager Countess decided to act quickly, placing herself andBeatrice in a safe fortress in Aix, secured the trust of its people and then asked Pope Innocent IV for hisprotection. In Cluny during December 1245, a secret meeting between Pope Innocent IV, Louis IX ofFrance, his mother Blanche of Castile, and his youngest brother Charles took place. It was decided that inreturn for Louis IX supporting the Pope militarily against Frederick II, the Pope would allow that Charlesmarry Beatrice. Mother and daughter were satisfied with this selection,  but under the terms of thetreaty, Provence was to never go to France outright through Charles. It was agreed that if Charles andBeatrice had children, the Counties would go to them; if there was no issue, then the Provence andForcalquier would go to Sanchia of Provence, and if she died without heirs, the Counties would go to theKing of Aragon. Henry III of England protested these terms, arguing that he had not yet received the fulldowry for his wife Eleanor nor his brother for Sanchia. He also still had the castles in Provence against theloan he had made to the late Count.Charles, along with Philip of Savoy and five hundred knights, rodefrom Lyon to Provence. On their way, they ran into Raymond VII of Toulouse, who also had an army onthe way to Provence. Raymond VII had been deceived by knights in favour of Charles and for that reasonhe had brought fewer men, and Charles and his army were quicker. When Charles got toAix-en-Provence, James I of Aragon, who had been there all along but was not allowed to see Beatrice,had his soldiers surrounding the castle in which the young Beatrice and her mother were. There was abrief struggle, but the King of Aragon retreated with dignity.To the young Beatrice, Charles (who wasdescribed as \"an admirable young man\") was a satisfactory resolution to her problems. Their marriagetook place on 31 January 1246 at Aix-en-Provence. They had soldiers on guard and the bride wasescorted down the aisle by her uncle, Thomas, Count of Flanders.The inheritance of Beatrice also caused"}
{"doc_id":"doc_62","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Pablo AlboránPablo Moreno de Alborán Ferrándiz (born 31 May 1989), popularly known asPablo Alborán, is a Spanish musician and singer-songwriter. Throughout his career, Alborán has releasedfive studio albums, two live albums, and various musical collaborations. His records are distributed byWarner Music Spain which he was signed to in 2013. That year he released \"Solamente Tú\", the leadsingle from his 2011 self-titled debut album. The track topped the charts in his home country for twoconsecutive weeks. The album peaked at number one in its first week of sales, making Alborán the firstsolo artist to sign a complete debut album to rank to the top since 1998 in Spain. Alborán was nominatedfor Best New Artist at the 12th Latin Grammy Awards.Alborán's sophomore record Tanto (2012) spawnedthe number one singles \"Quién\" and \"El Beso\". It received a Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year.His third studio album Terral (2014) spawned the chart-topping singles \"Por Fin\" and \"Pasos de Cero\" andreceived a Grammy Award nomination for Best Latin Pop Album. Alborán embarked on a huge concerttour Tour Terral, which visited Europe, North, and South America. Its respective live album Tres Nochesen Las Ventas marked Alborán's second Album of the Year nomination. In 2017, Alborán released hisfourth studio album Prometo to critical and commercial success. It spawned the singles \"Saturno\" and\"No Vaya a Ser\", among others. He released his fifth album Vértigo in 2020, followed by his sixth albumLa Cuarta Hoja in 2022.Throughout his career, Alborán has won a Goya Award for Best Original Song,nine LOS40 Music Awards, two Gaviota de Oro and two Premios Dial, among others. Throughout theyears, Alborán has been nominated for three Grammy Awards as well as twenty-three Latin GrammyAwards.Music careerFrom a very young age, he was interested in learning to play various musicalinstruments such as piano, classical guitar, flamenco guitar, and acoustic guitar, and attended singinglessons with professional artists in Málaga and Madrid. In 2002, at the age of 12, he composed his firstsongs, \"Amor de Barrio\" (Neighbourhood Love) and \"Desencuentro\" (Disagreement) which would befeatured 10 years later on his debut album. In Málaga he performed for the first time with a Flamencoband in a restaurant, and he was nicknamed El Blanco Moreno (The White Moreno), because he \"was verypale-skinned and Moreno was my family name\", as he stated in an interview in early 2011. Later, Pablomet producer Manuel Illán and recorded a demo, which included a cover of \"Deja de Volverme Loca\"(Stop Driving Me Crazy) by Diana Navarro. Upon hearing this recording, Navarro expressed great interestin Alborán and became his musical mentor.In preparation for his first album, Alborán composed a total of40 songs from which the playlist would be selected. During the recording of this studio album, PabloAlborán, he uploaded a few songs on YouTube, which gained the attention of many, including singer KellyRowland who was amazed by his voice, as far as saying \"I'm in love with Pablo Alboran!\". His videos havesince received millions of views.\"Solamente Tú\" (Only You) was digitally released in Spain in October2010 as the first single of his debut album, which was released in February 2011. Both the single and thealbum were a huge success, managing to top the Spanish music charts for several consecutive weeks.The album won multiple awards, including RTVE's Album of the Year for 2011, and became Spain'sbest-selling album of that year.Alborán began his first world tour on 27 May 2011 in Madrid at the PalacioVistalegre, and has since performed in many Latin American countries, among which are Argentina, Chileand Mexico. Following his success, he released his first live album, En Acústico, in November of the sameyear. It included acoustic versions of most of the tracks in his debut album, as well as two new songs andfour bonus tracks. The song \"Perdóname\" (Forgive Me) was re-recorded featuring Portuguese singerCarminho, and was released as the first single of the album, peaking at number one on the Spanishsingles chart on 13 November 2011, thus helping En Acústico to debut also at number one on the albumschart one week later, on 20 November 2011, and to top the Portuguese Albums Chart in January 2012.On19 December 2011, Alborán received the 2011 Best New Act award in Los Premios 40 Principales. Bothhis albums Pablo Alborán and En Acústico were featured in Spain's official list of top-selling albums of2011, at number 1 and number 6, respectively, and singles \"Solamente Tú\" and \"Perdóname\" were therespective third and nineteenth best-selling songs in Spain in 2011.In January 2012, Alborán collaboratedon the charity single, \"Cuestión de Prioridades por el Cuerno de África\" (A matter of priorities for the horn"}
{"doc_id":"doc_63","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Troy AndesTroy Andes (born April 16, 1981, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American politician and a Republican member of the West Virginia House of Delegates representing District 58 since January 12, 2013. Andes served consecutively from January 2007 until January 2013 in a District 14 seat.EducationAndes earned his BS from Virginia Tech and his MBA from Marshall University.Elections2012 Redistricted to District 15, and with its incumbents redistricted to District 16, Andes was challenged in the May 8, 2012 Republican Primary, winning with 1,792 votes (82.0%), and was unopposed for the November 6, 2012 General election, winning with 7,004 votes.2006 When District 14 Republican Representative Mike Hall ran for West Virginia Senate and left a district seat open, Andes placed in the five-way 2006 Republican Primary and was elected in the three-way two-position November 7, 2006 General election against Democratic nominee Gene Estel.2008 Andes and fellow Republican incumbent Representative Patti Schoen were unopposed for the May 13, 2008 Republican Primary, where Andes placed first with 2,337 votes (52.2%), and placed first in the four-way two-position November 4, 2008 General election with 9,323 votes (31.4%) ahead of Representative Schoen and Democratic nominees Jeffrey Martin and Karen Corea.2010 When Representative Schoen retired and left a district seat open, Andes placed first in the five-way May 11, 2010 Republican Primary, winning with 2,034 votes (42.8%), and placed first in the three-way two-position November 2, 2010 General election with 8,159 votes (40.3%) ahead of fellow Republican nominee Brian Savilla and Democratic nominee Catherine Larck.Passage 2:LeRoy D. BrownLeRoy D. Brown was the first president of University of Nevada.HistoryNevada became a state in 1864. Its constitution mandated the establishment of a state university with departments in agriculture, the mechanic arts, and mining, along with a state normal school for teacher training. The constitution specified that the state university would be controlled by an elected Board of Regents. The Nevada Legislature established the first State University campus in Elko, Nevada. Its Preparatory Department opened for enrollment in October 1874 with the goal of enhancing Nevada's young people to be ready for college-level study. D. R. Sessions served as Principal of the preparatory department. The Elko campus closed on July 15, 1885, when it was determined that Reno would provide a larger population for higher education students.The Board of Regents selected Dr. Leroy D. Brown to be the first president of the University of Nevada at the new Reno campus. A veteran of the American Civil War, he had taught in Ohio for twenty years and had been elected to the office of Commissioner of Education in Ohio. He was working for a bank in Ohio when he was recruited to Nevada. His administration began in September, 1887, before the first campus building, Morrill Hall, was completely constructed.By October, 50 students were enrolled. The Board of Regents selected Hannah Keziah Clapp of Carson City to be his assistant and a faculty member of the university. President Brown established the departments of mining and metallurgy, natural science and the Nevada State Normal School. The Secretary of War detailed a U. S. Army officer to provide drill and military tactics instruction to all male students. The first group of cadets was organized in the fall of 1888. Lieutenant Arthur C. Ducat was also employed as Professor of Modern Languages, later providing drawing instruction and calisthenics training for female students the first physical education curriculum at the university. President Brown and the other faculty developed organized a curriculum involving three areas of study: the School of Liberal Arts, the School of Agriculture, and the School of Mechanic Arts and Mining. The Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station was founded in response to the Congressional Hatch Act of March 2, 1887. Hatch Hall was completed in 1889, becoming the second building on the Reno campus. By the end of Brown's administration, the School of Mechanic Arts was separate from the School of Mining, and a Business (Commercial)  Department had been created. The Commercial Department was for non-college students. Its first diplomas were issued in 1889. He resigned on January 1, 1890, later sending his son to attend the university.Timeline1848 - Born in Center Township, Noble County, Ohio on November 3. Developed a reading habit, early in his life and visited the old township library in his neighborhood.1864 - Ran away from home and enlisted as a member of Company H, 116 O. V. I. in which he served until the end of the war.1866-1867 – Taught school1867 – Brown prepared for college at an academy in Athens, Ohio1869 – Became a student and was later awarded graduation at Ohio Wesleyan "}
{"doc_id":"doc_64","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Wonny SongWonny Song (born 1978) is a Canadian pianist.BiographySong was born in South Korea and grew up in Montreal. He began piano studies at the age of eight and received a full scholarship to Philadelphia's Curtis Institute of Music in 1994. He earned a bachelor's degree from Montreal University in 1998 and continued his studies with Anton Kuerti at the University of Toronto and at The Glenn Gould School with Marc Durand. He completed his doctoral studies at the University of Minnesota in 2004, studying with Lydia Artymiw. He has also studied with Leon Fleisher, Jorge Chaminé and Marie-Francoise Bucquet. He has performed as a soloist with the Cincinnati Symphony, the Peoria Symphony Orchestra, the Orchestre Symphonique de Montréal, the Toronto Symphony Orchestra, the National Arts Centre Orchestra and the EuroAsian Philharmonic Orchestra in Korea and Thailand.Song was director and director of artists-in-residence project of Lambda School of Music and Fine Arts in Montreal from 2008 to 2020. Wonny Song has been appointed Artistic Director of Orford Music (formerly the Orford Arts Centre) in May 2015. Mr. Song officially assumed his position at the beginning of summer 2015, at which time he began to prepare the 2016 program.Awards and recognitions1994 – Gold Medal at the World Piano Competition, Cincinnati.1995 – First Prize and Best Artistic Interpretation Prize at the Montreal Symphony Piano Competition.1997 – Ludmila Knezkova Piano Competition, Nova Scotia.2000 – First Elinor Bell Fellowship, University of Minnesota.2001 – First and Grand Prize winner of the Minnesota Orchestra's WAMSO Competition.2002 – Galaxy Rising Stars Award, Ottawa.2003 – Prix d'Europe, Canada.2010 – Young Canadian Musicians Award.Claire Tow Prize.Miriam Brody Aronson Prize.Fergus Orchestra Soloist Prize.Washington Performing Arts Society Prize.Saint Vincent College Concert Series Prize.DiscographySee alsoPianistsCanadian classical musicYoung Concert ArtistsLambda School of Music and Fine ArtsPassage 2:Hwang Te-songHwang Te-Song (born December 20, 1989) is a South Korean football player.Club statisticsPassage 3:CiaraCiara Princess Wilson ( see-AIR-\u0000; née Harris; born October 25, 1985) is an American singer, songwriter, businesswoman, dancer, model and actress. She rose to prominence with her debut studio album Goodies (2004), which spawned the top five singles \"1, 2 Step\" (featuring Missy Elliott), \"Oh\" (featuring Ludacris), and \"Goodies\" (featuring Petey Pablo), the latter of which topping the Billboard Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart. The album was certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and garnered two nominations at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards. Ciara was also featured on Missy Elliott's \"Lose Control\" and Bow Wow's \"Like You\", both of which reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100.Her second studio album, Ciara: The Evolution (2006), topped the Billboard 200 and spawned the hit singles \"Get Up\" (featuring Chamillionaire), \"Promise\", \"Like a Boy\" and \"Can't Leave 'em Alone\" (featuring 50 Cent). Ciara's third studio album Fantasy Ride (2009), produced the international top-ten single \"Love Sex Magic\" (featuring Justin Timberlake), which received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. Her fourth studio album Basic Instinct (2010), included the R&B top-five single \"Ride\" (featuring Ludacris). After Basic Instinct was met with low sales, Ciara signed a new record deal with Epic Records in 2011. Ciara's fifth studio album, Ciara (2013), peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 and spawned the hit single \"Body Party\".Her sixth album, Jackie (2015), included the singles \"I Bet\" and \"Dance like We're Making Love\". The next year, Ciara would sign a modeling contract with IMG, become a Global Brand Ambassador for the cosmetics giant Revlon, and marry quarterback Russell Wilson. Her seventh album, Beauty Marks (2019), included the hit single \" Level Up\". Ciara signed a new record deal with Republic Records and Uptown Records, in partnership with her label Beauty Marks Entertainment. She released her single \"Jump\" as the lead for her upcoming eighth studio album on July 8, 2022.Ciara is also an actress, having appeared in All You've Got (2006), Mama, I Want to Sing! (2012), That's My Boy (2012), and The Game (2013). In March 2022, it was announced that Ciara had joined the cast of the 2023 remake of The Color Purple as Nettie. Ciara has received multiple accolades, including a Grammy Award, two BET Awards, the Woman of the Year award from Billboard Women in Music, two MTV Video Music Awards, seven Soul Train Awards, and thirteen Ascap Music Awards. As of 2019, Ciara's worldwide sales total over 45 million.Early lifeCiara Princess Harris was born in Fort Hood, Texas, on October 25, 1985, the only child of Jackie and Carlton Clay Harris. An army brat, she "}
{"doc_id":"doc_65","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Michael GovanMichael Govan (born 1963) is the director of the Los Angeles County Museum ofArt. Prior to his current position, Govan worked as the director of the Dia Art Foundation in New YorkCity.Early life and educationGovan was born in 1963 in North Adams, Massachusetts, and was raised inthe Washington D.C. area, attending Sidwell Friends School.He majored in art history and fine arts atWilliams College, where he met Thomas Krens, who was then director of the Williams College Museum ofArt. Govan became closely involved with the museum, serving as acting curator as an undergraduate.After receiving his B.A. from Williams in 1985, Govan began an MFA in fine arts from the University ofCalifornia, San Diego.CareerAs a twenty-five year old graduate student, Govan was recruited by hisformer mentor at Williams, Thomas Krens, who in 1988 had been appointed director of the Solomon R.Guggenheim Foundation. Govan served as deputy director of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum underKrens from 1988 to 1994, a period that culminated in the construction and opening of the Frank Gehrydesigned Guggenheim branch in Bilbao, Spain. Govan supervised the reinstallation of the museum'spermanent collection galleries after its extensive renovation.Dia Art FoundationFrom 1994 to 2006,Govan was president and director of Dia Art Foundation in New York City. There, he spearheaded theconversion of a Nabisco box factory into the 300,000 square foot Dia:Beacon in New York's HudsonValley, which houses Dia's collection of art from the 1960s to the present. Built in a former Nabisco boxfactory, the critically acclaimed museum has been credited with catalyzing a cultural and economic revivalwithin the formerly factory-based city of Beacon. Dia's collection nearly doubled in size during Govan'stenure, but he also came under criticism for \"needlessly and permanently\" closing Dia's West 22nd Streetbuilding. During his time at Dia, Govan also worked closely with artists James Turrell and Michael Heizer,becoming an ardent supporter of Roden Crater and City, the artists' respective site-specific land artprojects under construction in the American southwest. Govan successfully lobbied Washington to havethe 704,000 acres in central Nevada surrounding City declared a national monument in 2015.LACMAInFebruary 2006, a search committee composed of eleven LACMA trustees, led by the late Nancy M. Daly,recruited Govan to run the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Govan has stated that he was drawn tothe role not only because of LACMA's geographical distance from its European and east coast peers, butalso because of the museum's relative youth, having been established in 1961. \"I felt that because of thisnewness I had the opportunity to reconsider the museum,\" Govan has written, \"[and] Los Angeles is agood place to do that.\"Govan has been widely regarded for transforming LACMA into both a local andinternational landmark. Since Govan's arrival, LACMA has acquired by donation or purchase over 27,000works for the permanent collection, and the museum's gallery space has almost doubled thanks to theaddition of two new buildings designed by Renzo Piano, the Broad Contemporary Art Museum (BCAM) andthe Lynda and Stewart Resnick Pavilion. LACMA's annual attendance has grown from 600,000 to nearly1.6 million in 2016.Artist collaborationsSince his arrival, Govan has commissioned exhibition scenographyand gallery designs in collaboration with artists. In 2006, for example, Govan invited LA artist JohnBaldessari to design an upcoming exhibition about the Belgian surrealist René Magritte, resulting in atheatrical show that reflected the twisted perspective of the latter's topsy-turvy world. Baldessari has alsodesigned LACMA's logo. Since then, Govan has also commissioned Cuban-American artist Jorge Pardo todesign LACMA's Art of the Ancient Americas gallery, described in the Los Angeles Times as a \"grittycavern deep inside the earth ... crossed with a high-style urban lounge.\"Govan has also commissionedseveral large-scale public artworks for LACMA's campus from contemporary California artists. Theseinclude Chris Burden's Urban Light (2008), a series of 202 vintage street lamps from differentneighborhoods in Los Angeles, arranged in front of the entrance pavilion, Barbara Kruger's Untitled(Shafted) (2008), Robert Irwin's Primal Palm Garden (2010), and Michael Heizer's Levitated Mass, a340-ton boulder transported 100 miles from the Jurupa Valley to LACMA, a widely publicized journey thatculminated with a large celebration on Wilshire Boulevard. Thanks in part to the popularity of these publicartworks, LACMA was ranked the fourth most instagrammed museum in the world in 2016.In his firstthree full years, the museum raised $251 million—about $100 million more than it collected during the"}
{"doc_id":"doc_66","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Practical JokersPractical Jokers is a 1938 Our Gang short comedy film directed by GeorgeSidney.  It was the 174th Our Gang short (175th episode, 86th talking short, 87th talking episode, andsixth MGM produced episode) that was released.PlotHoping to get even for all the practical jokesperpetrated by neighborhood troublemaker Butch, the Gang plans to sabotage Butch's birthday party.The weapon of choice is a firecracker, which is substituted for one of the birthday candles. Unfortunately,the kids in general and Alfalfa in particular are unable to escape from the party before the big (and tasty)explosion.CastThe GangDarla Hood as DarlaEugene Lee as PorkyGeorge McFarland as SpankyCarl Switzeras AlfalfaBillie Thomas as BuckwheatAdditional castTommy Bond as ButchGary Jasgur as GarySidneyKibrick as WoimLeonard Landy as LeonardMarie Blake as Butch's motherGrace Bohanon as Party extraJoeLevine as Party extraSee alsoOur Gang filmographyPassage 2:Henry Moore (cricketer)Henry WalterMoore (1849 – 20 August 1916) was an English-born first-class cricketer who spent most of his life inNew Zealand.Life and familyHenry Moore was born in Cranbrook, Kent, in 1849. He was the son of theReverend Edward Moore and Lady Harriet Janet Sarah Montagu-Scott, who was one of the daughters ofthe 4th Duke of Buccleuch. One of his brothers, Arthur, became an admiral and was knighted. Their greatgrandfather was John Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1783 to 1805. One of their sisters was amaid of honour to Queen Victoria.Moore went to New Zealand in the 1870s and lived in Geraldine andChristchurch. He married Henrietta Lysaght of Hāwera in November 1879, and they had one son. In May1884 she died a few days after giving birth to a daughter, who also died.In 1886 Moore became a Justiceof the Peace in Geraldine. In 1897 he married Alice Fish of Geraldine. They moved to England four yearsbefore his death in 1916.Cricket careerMoore was a right-handed middle-order batsman. In consecutiveseasons, 1876–77 and 1877–78, playing for Canterbury, he made the highest score in the short NewZealand first-class season: 76 and 75 respectively. His 76 came in his first match for Canterbury, againstOtago. He went to the wicket early on the first day with the score at 7 for 2 and put on 99 for the thirdwicket with Charles Corfe before he was out with the score at 106 for 3 after a \"very fine exhibition offree hitting, combined with good defence\". Canterbury were all out for 133, but went on to win thematch. His 75 came in the next season's match against Otago, when he took the score from 22 for 2 to136 for 6. The New Zealand cricket historian Tom Reese said, \"Right from the beginning he smote thebowling hip and thigh, going out of his ground to indulge in some forceful driving.\" Canterbury wonagain.Moore led the batting averages in the Canterbury Cricket Association in 1877–78 with 379 runs atan average of 34.4. Also in 1877–78, he was a member of the Canterbury team that inflicted the onlydefeat on the touring Australians. In 1896–97, at the age of 47, he top-scored in each innings for a SouthCanterbury XVIII against the touring Queensland cricket team.Passage 3:John McMahon (Surrey andSomerset cricketer)John William Joseph McMahon (28 December 1917 – 8 May 2001) was anAustralian-born first-class cricketer who played for Surrey and Somerset County Cricket Clubs in Englandfrom 1947 to 1957.Surrey cricketerMcMahon was an orthodox left-arm spin bowler with much variation inspeed and flight who was spotted by Surrey playing in club cricket in North London and brought on to thecounty's staff for the 1947 season at the age of 29. In the first innings of his first match, againstLancashire at The Oval, he took five wickets for 81 runs.In his first full season, 1948, he was Surrey'sleading wicket-taker and in the last home game of the season he was awarded his county cap – hecelebrated by taking eight Northamptonshire wickets for 46 runs at The Oval, six of them coming in thespace of 6.3 overs for seven runs. This would remain the best bowling performance of his first-classcareer, not surpassed, but he did equal it seven years later. In the following game, the last away matchof the season, he took 10 Hampshire wickets for 150 runs in the match at Bournemouth. In the 1948season as a whole, he took 91 wickets at an average of 28.07. As a tail-end left-handed batsman, hemanaged just 93 runs in the season at an average of 4.22.The emergence of Tony Lock as a slowleft-arm bowler in 1949 brought a stuttering end of McMahon's Surrey career. Though he played in 12first-class matches in the 1949 season, McMahon took only 19 wickets; a similar number of matches in1950 brought 34 wickets. In 1951, he played just seven times and in 1952 only three times. In 1953,"}
{"doc_id":"doc_67","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:The Slaughter RuleThe Slaughter Rule is a 2002 independent film directed by Alex Smith andAndrew J. Smith and starring Ryan Gosling and David Morse.  The film, set in contemporary Montana,explores the relationship between a small-town high school football player (Gosling), and his troubledcoach (Morse). The film was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize at the 2002 Sundance FilmFestival.PlotRoy Chutney is a high school senior in the fictional Montana town of Blue Springs. Roy doesnot have an especially close relationship with his mother Evangeline and has not seen his father in years.That does not prevent Roy from feeling emotionally devastated when he learns that his father has killedhimself, and Roy's self-esteem takes a beating when he is cut from the high school football team shortlyafterward. Roy whiles away his time by swilling beer with his best friend, Tracy Two Dogs, and falling intoa romance with Skyla, a barmaid at a local tavern, but Roy's short time on the high school gridiron seemsto have impressed Gideon Ferguson, a local character who coaches an unsanctioned high school six-manfootball team when he is not delivering newspapers or trying to score a gig singing country songs atnearby honky-tonks.Gideon thinks that Roy has potential and asks him to join his team; encouraged byGideon's belief in him, Roy agrees, and he persuades Tracy and his friend Russ to tag along. Whileplaying hardscrabble six-man football helps restore Roy's self-confidence, he finds it does not answer hisquestions about his future or his relationship with Skyla. When Gideon's overwhelming interest in Roybegins to lend credence to town rumors that Gideon is gay, Roy starts to wonder just why he was askedto join the team.CastRyan Gosling as Roy ChutneyDavid Morse as Gideon FergusonClea DuVall as SkylaSiscoKelly Lynch as Evangeline ChutneyDavid Cale as StudebakerEddie Spears as Tracy Two DogsAmyAdams as DoreenKen White as Russ ColfaxProductionJay Farrar, founder of the alternative country bandsUncle Tupelo and Son Volt, composed the film's musical score. New songs were written and performed byVic Chesnutt and Freakwater, and existing songs by Ryan Adams, Uncle Tupelo, and the Pernice Brotherswere also included.Filming for the movie largely took place in Great Falls, Montana, and a series of smalltowns in the Great Falls vicinity.The title of the film comes from the term \"slaughter rule.\" The unofficialrule provides for an athletic competition's premature conclusion if one team is ahead of the other by acertain number of points prior to game's end. The rule helps to avoid humiliating the losing teamfurther.ReleaseThe film premiered in January 2002 during the Sundance Film Festival. Later that year,the film entered the South by Southwest Film Festival and the AFI Film Festival. It went into limitedrelease nationwide beginning January 2003.Critical receptionOn review aggregator website RottenTomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 74% based on 31 reviews, and an average rating of 5.9/10.The website's critical consensus reads, \"A bleak but original indie, The Slaughter Rule benefits fromoutstanding performances by Ryan Gosling and David Morse.\" On Metacritic, the film has a weightedaverage score of 65 out of 100, based on 13 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\".While theperformances by Morse and Gosling were generally received positively, some reviews of the film criticizedthe script. Reviewing the film for The New York Times, Stephen Holden praised the performances ofGosling and Morse, but opined that the film is \"confused\" and \"doesn't have much dramatic momentum\".In her review for the Los Angeles Times, Manohla Dargis praised the film's cinematography but wrote thatalthough the film has the virtue of sincerity, the story is \"over-explained\".Joe Leydon of Variety claimedthe script \"plays like a first draft\". However, Marjorie Baumgarten of The Austin Chronicle thought thatthe \"writing and directing team of twin brothers Alex and Andrew Smith have made an astonishingly goodfirst feature\". J. R. Jones, writing in Chicago Reader, described the film as \"powerful\" and especiallypraised David Morse's performance.AccoladesThe film received the FIPRESCI Prize at the 2002 StockholmFilm Festival and the Milagro Award at the 2002 Santa Fe Film Festival. The film was also nominated forthe John Cassavetes Award at the 2003 Film Independent Spirit Awards and the Grand Jury Prize at the2002 Sundance Film Festival.See alsoList of American football filmsPassage 2:It's Never Too Late (1956film)It's Never Too Late is a 1956 British comedy film directed by Michael McCarthy and starring PhyllisCalvert, Patrick Barr, Susan Stephen and Guy Rolfe. It was based on a 1952 play of the same name byFelicity Douglas.PlotFeeling her combative family has long taken her for granted, genteel British"}
{"doc_id":"doc_68","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Roy Rowland (film director)Roy Rowland (December 31, 1910 – June 29, 1995) was anAmerican film director. The New York-born director helmed a number of films in the 1950s and 1960sincluding Our Vines Have Tender Grapes, Meet Me in Las Vegas, Rogue Cop, The 5000 Fingers of DoctorT, and The Girl Hunters. Rowland married Ruth Cummings, the niece of Louis B. Mayer and sister of JackCummings (MGM producer/director). They had one son, Steve Rowland, born in 1932, who later becamea music producer in the UK.BiographyEarly lifeRoy Rowland was born in Brooklyn, the son of RussianJewish immigrants. The family moved to Edendale, California, when Roy was ten. He graduated from theUniversity of Southern California with a law degree before beginning his career at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer(MGM) as a script clerk. He then began working as a prop man, grip, and assistant cameraman. In 1927he met Ruth Cummings at the Santa Monica Beach Club. She was the niece of Louis B. Mayer and thesister of producer Jack Cummings. Her family disapproved of Rowlands, so they eloped. This resulted inRowland being blacklisted. But Ruth Cummings arranged a rapprochement with Mayer.He was assistantdirector on most of the Tarzan films, starring Johnny Weissmuller in the 1930s.Short filmsRowland madehis reputation directing short films, particularly the \"How to\" series of shorts starring Robert Benchley.One of them, How to Sleep (1937), won an Academy Award. He also worked with producer Pete Smith asthe director of several of the short films in the Pete Smith Specialties series, and directed several of theshort films in the Crime Does Not Pay series.FeaturesRowland's debut feature was A Stranger in Town(1943). He made three films with the child actress Margaret O'Brien: Lost Angel (1943), Our Vines HaveTender Grapes (1945), and Tenth Avenue Angel (1948). He also directed musicals such as Hit the Deck(1955), Meet Me in Las Vegas (1956), and The Seven Hills of Rome (1957). He also made The 5,000Fingers of Dr. T. (1953), from a story by Dr. Seuss. He directed Many Rivers to Cross with Robert Taylorand Gun Glory (1957) with Stewart Granger and Rowland's son Steve.Rowland was survived by his wifeRuth and their son.Partial filmographyHollywood Party (1934) – co-directorSunkist Stars at Palm Springs(1936) – shortCinema Circus (1937) – shortHollywood Party (1937) – shortSong of Revolt (1937) –shortHow to Start the Day (1937) – shortA Night at the Movies (1937) – short film with RobertBenchleyMusic Made Simple (1938) – shortAn Evening Alone (1938) – shortHow to Raise a Baby (1938) –shortThe Courtship of the Newt (1938) – shortHow to Read (1938) – shortHow to Watch Football (1938)– shortOpening Day (1938) – shortMental Poise (1938) – shortHow to Sub-Let (1939) – shortAn Hour forLunch (1939) – shortDark Magic (1939) – shortHome Early (1939) – shortHow to Eat (1939) – shortThinkFirst (1939) – shortJack Pot (1940) – shortPlease Answer (1940) – short (documentary)You, the People(1940) – shortSucker List (1941) – shortChanged Identity (1941) – shortA Stranger in Town (1943)LostAngel (1943)Our Vines Have Tender Grapes (1945)Boys' Ranch (1946)The Romance of Rosy Ridge(1947)Killer McCoy (1947)Tenth Avenue Angel (1948)Scene of the Crime (1949)The Outriders (1950)TwoWeeks with Love (1950)Excuse My Dust (1951)Bugles in the Afternoon (1952)The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T(1953)Affair with a Stranger (1953)The Moonlighter (1953)Rogue Cop (1954)Witness to Murder(1954)Light's Diamond Jubilee (1954, TV special, with six other directors)Many Rivers to Cross (1955)Hitthe Deck (1955)Meet Me in Las Vegas (1956)These Wilder Years (1956)Slander (1956)Gun Glory(1957)Seven Hills of Rome (1957)The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp (1959–60, TV series) – alsoproducerThe Girl Hunters (1963) – also writerGunfighters of Casa Grande (1964)Man Called Gringo(1965)The Sea Pirate (1966) – also producerIl grande colpo di Surcouf (1966)Land Raiders (1970) –associate producer onlyPassage 2:QuerelleQuerelle is a 1982 West German-French English-languagearthouse film directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder and starring Brad Davis, adapted from French authorJean Genet's 1947 novel Querelle of Brest. It was Fassbinder's last film, released shortly after his deathat the age of 37.PlotThe plot centers on the handsome Belgian sailor Georges Querelle, who is also a thiefand murderer. When his ship, Le Vengeur, arrives in Brest, he visits the Feria, a bar and brothel forsailors run by the Madame Lysiane, whose lover, Robert, is Querelle's brother. Querelle has a love/haterelationship with his brother: when they meet at La Feria, they embrace, but also punch one anotherslowly and repeatedly in the belly. Lysiane's husband Nono works behind the bar and also manages La"}
{"doc_id":"doc_69","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Infanta Adelgundes, Duchess of GuimarãesInfanta Adelgundes, Duchess of Guimarães (10November 1858 – 15 April 1946) was the fifth child and fourth daughter of Miguel of Portugal and his wifeAdelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg. A member of the House of Braganza by birth, Adelgundesbecame a member of the House of Bourbon-Parma through her marriage to Prince Henry ofBourbon-Parma, Count of Bardi. She was also the Regent of the Monarchic Representation of Portugaland for that reason assumed the title of Duchess of Guimarães, usually reserved for the Head of theHouse.Early lifeAdelgundes de Jesus Maria Francisca de Assis e de Paula Adelaide Eulália LeopoldinaCarlota Micaela Rafaela Gabriela Gonzaga Inês Isabel Avelina Ana Estanislau Sofia Bernardina, Infanta dePortugal, Duquesa de Guimarães, was born in Bronnbach, Wertheim, Germany. Her father died onNovember 14, 1866, a few days after her eighth birthday, and Adelgundes and her siblings wereeducated in a Catholic and conservative environment by their mother. Her maternal uncle, Prince Carl zuLöwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, was like a second father to the children.MarriageAdelgundes marriedPrince Henry of Bourbon-Parma, Count of Bardi, fourth child and youngest son of Charles III, Duke ofParma and his wife Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France, on 15 October 1876 in Salzburg,Austria-Hungary. Henry, who was 25 years old, had been previously married to Princess LuisaImmacolata of the Two Sicilies, who had died three months after their marriage at the age of 19 in 1874.Henry had taken part in the Carlist war and fought in the Battle of Lacar. War wounds turned him into aninvalid.Their union produced no issue, as her nine pregnancies all ended in miscarriages. The failedpregnancies, the last of which she suffered in 1890, were a source of great grief to the couple. Theydivided their time between the Castle of Seebenstein in Austria and the Ca' Vendramin Calergi in Venice.After almost 30 years of marriage, Adelgundes became a widow in 1905.She was close to her manynephews and nieces, particularly Grand Duchess Marie-Adélaïde of Luxembourg, from the time of herabdication to her early death.. The composer, Richard Wagner died of a heart attack at the age of 69 on13 February 1883 at Ca' Vendramin Calergi, a 16th-century palazzo on the Grand Canal as a guest ofPrince Henry, Count of Bardi and Infanta Adelgundes.Regent-in-absentiaBetween 1920 and 1928,Adelgundes acted as the regent-in-absentia on behalf of her nephew and Miguelist claimant to thePortuguese throne, Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza, who was only twelve years old when his fatherMiguel renounced his claim to the throne in his favor. At the beginning of her regency in 1920,Adelgundes assumed the title of Duchess of Guimarães. In 1921 she authored a manifesto outlining theHouse of Braganza's goals for the restoration of the Portuguese monarchy. During her regency, theex-King Manuel II of Portugal agreed that owing to an heir, the rights of succession could pass to DuarteNuno (although Duarte Nuno's grandfather Miguel I of Portugal was excluded from the throne and theMiguelist line deprived of its dynastic rights of succession). But Infanta Adelgundes failing to get anagreement mentioning the reestablishment of a traditional monarchy, the Integralists withheld theirsupport to an accord, and on September 1925,  Adelgundes, in a letter to King Manuel, repudiated theincomplete agreement. Since any pact resolved the issue of succession (former Dover Pact and Paris Pacthaving been both repudiated) and without known documents, there was no direct heir to the defunctthrone, but at the death of King Manuel, however, the monarchist Integralismo Lusitano movementacclaimed Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza as King of Portugal. Duarte Nuno lived with Adelgundes atSeebenstein until the German occupation of Austria when the whole family relocated to Bern,Switzerland, where she died in Gunten on 15 April 1946 at age 87.AncestryPassage 2:Carlota Joaquina ofSpainDoña Carlota Joaquina Teresa Cayetana of Spain (25 April 1775 – 7 January 1830) was Queen ofPortugal and Brazil as the wife of King Dom John VI. She was the daughter of King Don Charles IV ofSpain and Maria Luisa of Parma.Detested by the Portuguese court — where she was called \"the Shrew ofQueluz\" (Portuguese: a Megera de Queluz) — Carlota Joaquina gradually won the antipathy of the people,who accused her of promiscuity and influencing her husband in favor of the interests of the Spanishcrown. After the escape of the Portuguese court to Brazil, she began conspiring against her husband,claiming that he had no mental capacity to govern Portugal and its possessions, thus wanting to establish"}
{"doc_id":"doc_70","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Melis AbzalovMelis Abzalov (Uzbek: Melis Abzalov, Мелис Абзалов; Russian: Мелис Абзалов;November 18, 1938  – October 26, 2016) was an Uzbek actor, film director, screenwriter, and filmproducer. His most famous films include Suyunchi (1982), Kelinlar qo\u0000zg\u0000oloni (1984), Armon (1986),and O\u0000tgan kunlar (1997).Abzalov is celebrated as one of the founders and prominent members of theUzbek film making industry. During his lifetime, he received many honorary titles and awards, includingthe title Meritorious Artist of Uzbekistan (1987).Life and workMelis Oripovich Abzalov was born onNovember 18, 1938, in Yangiyul, then the Uzbek SSR. He graduated from the Ostrovsky TashkentTheatre Arts Institute in 1961. A year later, in 1962, he started working at Uzbekfilm. He died on October26, 2016, in Stockholm.FilmographyAs directorChinor tagidagi duel (Russian: Дуэль под чинарой) (TheDuel under a Plane Tree)  (1979)Suyunchi (Russian: Бабушка-генерал) (1982)Kelinlar qo\u0000zg\u0000oloni(Russian: Бунт невесток) (The Rebellion of the Brides) (1985)Armon (Russian: Уходя, остаются)(Sorrow) (1986)Maysaraning ishi (Russian: Восточная плутовка) (The Case of Maysara) (1989)O\u0000tgankunlar (Russian: Минувшие дни) (Days Gone By) (1997)Chimildiq (1999)Meshpolvon (2000)Baribirhayot go\u0000zal (Russian: Жизнь прекрасна или киллер поневоле) (After All, Life is Good) (2004)Sirlisirtmoq (The Secret Trap) (2008)Ta\u0000ziyadagi to\u0000y (Russian: Свадьба на поминках) (The Wedding at aFuneral) (2010)As actorLaylak keldi, yoz bo\u0000ldi (Russian: Белые, белые аисты) (White Storks) (1966)(not credited)Влюбленные (The Lovers) (1969)Седьмая пуля (The Seventh Bullet) (1972)Встречи ирасставания (Meetings and Partings) (1973)Поклонник (The Worshiper) (1973)Ты, песня моя (You, MySong) (1975)Inson qushlar ortidan boradi (Russian: Человек уходит за птицами) (Man is after the Birds)(1975)Далекие близкие годы (Far, Near Years) (1976)Птицы наших надежд (The Birds of Our Hopes)(1976)Седьмой джинн (The Seventh Genie) (1976)Буйный «Лебедь» (The Wild \"Swan\") (1977)Qo\u0000qonvoqeasi (Russian: Это было в Коканде) (This Happened in Kokand) (1977)Olovli yo\u0000llar (Russian:Огненные дороги) (The Fiery Roads) (1978) (series)Любовь моя — революция (My Love — Revolution)(1981)Встреча у высоких снегов (The Meeting at High Snow Mountains) (1982)Новые приключенияАкмаля (The New Adventures of Akmal) (1983) (not credited)Уроки на завтра (Lessons for Tomorrow)(1983)Прощай, зелень лета... (Good-Bye, Summer) (1985) (not credited)Я тебя помню (I RememberYou) (1985)Armon (Russian: Уходя, остаются) (Sorrow) (1986)Kлиника (The Clinic)(1987)Приключения Арслана (The Adventures of Arslan) (1988)Чудовище или кто-то другой (AMonster or Somebody Else) (1988)Maysaraning ishi (Russian: Восточная плутовка) (The Case ofMaysara) (1989)Кодекс молчания (The Code of Silence) (1989)Шок (Shock) (1989)La Batalla de losTres Reyes (Russian: Битва трех королей) (Battle of the Three Kings) (1990)Tangalik bolalar (Russian:Мальчики из Танги) (1990) (not credited)Ангел в огне (The Angel on Fire) (1992)Маклер (The Broker)(1992)Shaytanat (Russian: Шайтанат — царство бесов) (1998)Alpomish (Russian: Алпомыш)(2000)Дронго (The Drongo) (2002)Синедиктум (Cinedictum) (2002)Devona (Russian: Влюбленный)(2004)Baribir hayot go\u0000zal (Russian: Жизнь прекрасна или киллер поневоле) (After All, Life is Good)(2004)Vatan (Fatherland) (2006)Ходжа Насреддин: Игра начинается (Hodja Nasreddin: The GameStarts) (2006)Застава (The Outpost) (2007) (TV series)Tilla buva (Russian: Золотой дедушка) (GoldenGrandpa) (2011)As screenwriterO\u0000tgan kunlar (Russian: Минувшие дни) (Days Gone By)(1997)AwardsAbzalov is celebrated as one of the founders of the Uzbek film making industry. He receivedmany honorary titles and awards throughout his career, including the title Meritorious Artist of Uzbekistan(1987). In 2008, he received a Shuhrat Order.Passage 2:Pham Viet Anh KhoaPhạm Việt Anh Khoa (bornMay 11, 1981) is a Vietnamese movie producer, entrepreneur and founder of Saiga Films, notable bysome of Victor Vu films  including  Inferno (2010), Battle of the Brides (2011), Blood letter (2012),Scandal (2012) và Battle of the Brides 2FilmographyInferno – Giao Lo Dinh Menh (2010)Battle of theBrides (2011)Blood letter (2012)Scandal (2012)Battle of the Brides 2 (2013)The Mask (2016)Passage3:Gaius Suetonius PaulinusGaius Suetonius Paulinus (fl. AD 40–69) was a Roman general best known asthe commander who defeated the rebellion of Boudica.Early lifeLittle is known of Suetonius' family, but itlikely came from Pisaurum (modern Pesaro), a town on the Adriatic coast of Italy. He is not known to be"}
{"doc_id":"doc_71","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Nancy BaronNancy Baron is an American rock singer who was active in New York City in theearly 1960s, known for the singles \"Where Did My Jimmy Go?\" and \"I've Got A Feeling\".Early lifeBorn intoa family of singers and writers, Baron was introduced to many musical genres by her family at an earlyage. Noting her singing talents, her parents brought their young child to auditions for musical theaterproductions in New York City. The singer joined Glee clubs at school and formed her own female singinggroups at school. At the age of 11, she heard her first \"Rock and Roll\" song. This affected her taste inmusic and desire to emulate the style; it was the first time she heard a Rock group with a female leadsinger. This was significant since she realized that she could be a lead singer.Recording careerAt the ageof 15, her parents sent her for vocal coaching in Manhattan, N.Y. After a while her coach sent her torecord a demonstration record in a sound studio near Broadway. Upon hearing her sing, the soundengineer contacted his friend who was a producer of a small record company in N.Y.C.; he was impressedby her voice and immediately signed her to a contract. The singer's mother co-signed the document sinceBaron was a fifteen-year-old minor at the time.Baron became one of the many girl group/girl soundsingers of the early 1960s. Baron was not a member of a group; her producers would hire \"pay for hire\"backup groups for her recordings. This \"sound\" as it is referred to had much to do with Phil Spector, oneof its major creators; Spector produced recordings of this genre prolifically. The groups were composed ofyoung adult or teenage girls, each with a lead singer and any number of back up singers.At the time, thetroubled label (a small N.Y.C. record company owned by Wally Zober) could not promote Baron's \"I'veGot A Feeling\"/\"Oh Yeah\" 45 vinyl and so she eventually signed a contract with Jerry Goldstein producerof FGG productions, also located in Manhattan. \"Where Did My Jimmy Go\"/\"Tra la la, I Love You\" was theresult (Diamond).Later lifeBaron left the music industry at the age of 19, choosing to enter highereducation due to changes in the music industry of those days; she eventually received an advanceddegree.Baron's \"I've Got a Feeling\" was covered by The Secret Sisters on their 2010 self-titled album aswell as being released as a single. AllMusic describes Baron's song as \"an early-'60s pop/rockobscurity\".Passage 2:Elizabeth Brooke (1503–1560)Elizabeth Brooke, Lady Wyatt (1503–1560) was thewife of Sir Thomas Wyatt, the poet, and the mother of Thomas Wyatt the younger who led Wyatt'sRebellion against Mary I. Her parents were Thomas Brooke, 8th Baron Cobham and Dorothy Heydon, thedaughter of Sir Henry Heydon.  She was the sister of George Brooke, 9th Baron Cobham and wasconsidered a possible candidate for the sixth wife of Henry VIII of England.Marriage and issueElizabethmarried twice.First MarriageIn 1520, Elizabeth married Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503 – 6 October 1542) and ayear later, bore him a son:Sir Thomas (1521–1554), who led an unsuccessful rebellion against Mary I in1554. The aim of the rebellion was to replace the Catholic Queen Mary with her Protestant half-sister,Elizabeth.Early in the marriage, marital difficulties arose, with Wyatt claiming they were  'chiefly'  herfault. He repudiated her as an adulteress, although there is no record linking her with any specific man.Elizabeth separated from Thomas Wyatt in 1526 and he supported her until around 1537, when herefused to do so any longer and sent her to live with her brother, Lord Cobham. In that same year, LordCobham attempted to force Wyatt to continue his financial support. He refused. It wasn't until 1541,when Wyatt, accused of treason, was arrested and his properties confiscated, that the Brooke family wasable to force a reconciliation as a condition for Wyatt’s pardon.In a letter to Charles V, the imperialambassador, Eustace Chapuys wrote that Wyatt had been released from the Tower at the request ofCatherine Howard. Chapuys noted that the king had imposed two conditions; that Wyatt  'confess hisguilt'  and that  'he should take back his wife from whom he had been separated upwards of 15 years, onpain of death if he be untrue to her henceforth.'  There is no evidence that this provision was everenforced or existed. After pursuing Anne Boleyn, before her relationship with the King, Wyatt had beguna long-term affair with Elizabeth Darrell and he continued his association with his mistress.On 14February 1542, the night after Catherine Howard had been condemned to death for adultery, Henry VIIIheld a dinner for many men and women. The king was said to have paid great attention to Elizabeth andto Anne Basset and both were thought to be possible choices for his sixth wife. In early 1542, more than"}
{"doc_id":"doc_72","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting forLucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986)(mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990)(mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)NotQuite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor BlakeMysteries (2013)Passage 2:The Seventh Company OutdoorsThe Seventh Company Outdoors (French: LaSeptième Compagnie au clair de lune) is a 1977 French comedy film directed by Robert Lamoureux. It isa sequel to Now Where Did the 7th Company Get to?.CastJean Lefebvre - PithivierPierre Mondy -ChaudardHenri Guybet - TassinPatricia Karim - Suzanne ChaudardGérard Hérold - Le commandantGillesGérard Jugnot - GorgetonJean Carmet - M. Albert, le passeurAndré Pousse - LambertMichelBertoPassage 3:Now Where Did the 7th Company Get to?Now Where Did the 7th Company Get To?(French: Mais où est donc passée la septième compagnie?) is a 1973 French-Italian comedy war filmdirected by Robert Lamoureux. The film portrays the adventures of a French Army squad lost somewhereon the front in May 1940 during the Battle of France.PlotDuring the Battle of France, while German forcesare spreading across the country, the 7th Transmission Company suffers an air raid near the Machecoulwoods, but survive and hide in the woods. Captain Dumont, the company commander, sends LouisChaudard, Pithiviers and Tassin to scout the area. After burying the radio cable beneath a sandy road, thesquad crosses the field, climbs a nearby hill, and takes position within a cemetery. One man cut down thewrong tree for camouflage, pulling up the radio cable and revealing it to the passing German infantry.The Germans cut the cable, surround the woods, and order a puzzled 7th Company to surrender. Thesquad tries to contact the company, but then witness their capture and run away.Commanded by StaffSergeant Chaudard, the unit stops in a wood for the night. Pithiviers is content to slow down and wait forthe end of the campaign. The next day, he goes for a swim in the lake, in sight of possible Germanfighters. When Chaudard and Tassin wake up, they leave the camp without their weapons to look forPithiviers. Tassin finds him and gives an angry warning, but Pithiviers convinces Tassin to join him in thelake. Chaudard orders them to get out, but distracted by a rabbit, falls into the lake. While Chaudardteaches his men how to swim, two German fighter planes appear, forcing them out of the water. Aftershooting down one of the German planes, a French pilot, Lieutenant Duvauchel, makes an emergencylanding and escapes before his plane explodes. PFC Pithiviers, seeing the bad shape of one of his shoes,destroys what is left of his shoe sole. Tassin is sent on patrol to get food and a new pair of shoes forPithiviers. Tassin arrives in a farm, but only finds a dog, so he returns and Chaudard goes to the farmafter nightfall. The farmer returns with her daughter-in-law and Lt Duvauchel, and she welcomesChaudard. Duvauchel, who is hiding behind the door, comes out upon hearing the news and decides tomeet Chaudard's men.When Chaudard and Duvauchel return to the camp, Tassin and Pithiviers areroasting a rabbit they caught. Duvauchel realizes that Chaudard has been lying and takes command.Thefollowing day, the men leave the wood in early morning and capture a German armored tow truck afterkilling its two drivers. They originally planned to abandon the truck and the two dead Germans in thewoods, but instead realized that the truck is the best way to disguise themselves and free the 7thCompany. They put on the Germans' uniforms, recover another soldier of the 7th Company, whosucceeded in escaping, and obtain resources from a collaborator who mistook them for Germans.On theirway, they encounter a National Gendarmerie patrol, who appear to be a 5th column. The patrol injuresthe newest member of their group, a young soldier, and then are killed by Tassin. In revenge, theydestroy a German tank using the tow truck's cannon gun.They planned to go to Paris but are misguidedby their own colonel, but find the 7th Company with guards who are bringing them to Germany. Usingtheir cover, they make the guards run in front of the truck, allowing the company to get away. WhenCaptain Dumont joins his Chaudard, Tassin, and Pithiviers in the truck, who salute the Germancommander with a great smile.CastingJean Lefebvre : PFC PithiviersPierre Mondy : Staff Sergent PaulChaudardAldo Maccione: PFC TassinRobert Lamoureux: Colonel BlanchetErik Colin: Lieutenant"}
{"doc_id":"doc_73","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:A Slave of VanityA Slave of Vanity is a 1920 American silent drama film starring PaulineFrederick, and directed and written by Henry Otto. The film, which was adapted from Arthur WingPinero's 1901 play Iris, was produced and distributed by the Robertson-Cole Pictures Corporation thateventually became part of Film Booking Office of America. The film is now considered lost.PlotIris(Frederick), a British aristocrat, must choose between the poor Laurence (Barrie) and the rich Frederick(Louis). She decides to marry the wealthier Frederick, but at the last minute she changes her mind andruns off to Italy with Laurence. However, things do not work out quite the way she planned.CastPaulineFrederick as Iris BellamyArthur Hoyt as Croker HarringtonNigel Barrie as Laurence TrenwithWillard Louisas Frederick MaldonadoMaude Louis as Fanny SullivanDaisy Jefferson as Aurea VyseRuth Handforth asMiss PinsentHoward Gaye as Arthur KaneSee alsoList of lost filmsPassage 2:Shape of My HeartShape ofMy Heart may refer to:\"Shape of My Heart\" (Sting song), a 1993 song by Sting from the album TenSummoner's Tales\"Shape of My Heart\" (Backstreet Boys song), a 2000 song by the BackstreetBoys\"Shape of My Heart\" (Noah and the Whale song), 2008 song by Noah and the Whale, charting 94 inthe UKShape of My Heart, a 2009 album by Katia Labèque\"Shape of My Heart\", a 2012 single by RickPrice from The Water's EdgeThe Shape of My Heart, the UK title of God-Shaped Hole, a 2003 novel byTiffanie DeBartoloPassage 3:Half of My Heart (disambiguation)\"Half of My Heart\" is a 2009 song by JohnMayer from his album Battle Studies featuring Taylor Swift.Half of My Heart may also refer to:\"Half of MyHeart\", the love theme from the 1957 film Jeanne Eagels\"Half of My Heart\", a 1961 song by EmileFord\"Half of My Heart\", a 2000 song by The Mooney Suzuki from People Get Ready\"Half of My Heart\", a2019 song by Megan McKennaPassage 4:Grace of My HeartGrace of My Heart is a 1996 American musicalcomedy-drama film written and directed by Allison Anders, and starring Illeana Douglas, Matt Dillon, EricStoltz, Patsy Kensit and John Turturro. The film charts the fictional music career of Denise Waverly, anaspiring singer who writes for other artists in the pop music world of the mid-1960s. It premiered at the1996 Toronto International Film Festival and went into limited release on September 13, 1996. Thesoundtrack features artists Burt Bacharach, Elvis Costello, Joni Mitchell, Gerry Goffin and Jill Sobule,replicating the musical style that emerged from the Brill Building, New York City's  music factory in theheyday of girl groups and \"pre-fab\" acts like The Monkees.PlotIn 1958, Philadelphia steel heiress EdnaBuxton enters and wins a talent contest. When she attempts to record a demo, a studio producer tells herthat girl singers are not currently getting signed and record companies are even trying to get rid of theones on their rosters. However, when Edna tells him that she wrote the song she wants to record, he isimpressed enough to direct her to producer Joel Milner, who takes her under his wing, renames her\"Denise Waverly\" and invents a blue-collar persona for her. Milner reworks her song for a male doo-wopgroup, the Stylettes, as male groups are far more marketable, and the song becomes a hit.Denise movesto New York City and becomes a songwriter in the Brill Building. At a party, she meets the arrogantsongwriter Howard Caszatt, and despite an awkward initial meeting, they begin a relationship. Deniseoffers to write a song specifically for her three girlfriends, which culminates in Joel auditioning the girlsand creating the girl group the Luminaries. Howard and Denise also begin writing together and eventuallyget married and have a child. They pen a song called “Unwanted Number,” based on a young girl'sunwanted pregnancy. Although it is banned from radio, it attracts the attention of prominent andinfluential disc jockey John Murray, who, despite the negative attention around the song, credits Denisewith sparking the girl group craze.Joel recruits the beautiful English songwriter Cheryl Steed, whoimmediately catches Howard's eye, and initially, Denise's disdain. Cheryl diffuses Denise’s suspicion byinforming her that she already has a songwriting partner – her husband Matthew. Joel tasks Denise andCheryl with writing a song for the ingénue singer Kelly Porter. The two women bond over the realizationthat the young songstress is in a closeted lesbian relationship with her roommate Marion. They write thecoded song \"My Secret Love\" for Kelly, which becomes a hit.Denise’s relationship with Howard becomesstrained due to his philandering with other women. When she learns she is pregnant with Howard'ssecond baby, Cheryl convinces her to see an obstetrician, who safely performs an illegal abortion. Denise"}
{"doc_id":"doc_74","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:La voix (song)\"La voix\" (French pronunciation: [la vwa]; \"The voice\") is a song by Swedishsinger Malena Ernman, which served as the Swedish entry at the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest, held inMoscow, Russia. It was composed by Fredrik Kempe, with lyrics by both Kempe and Ernman. It is the firstSwedish entry to contain lyrics in French, as well as being the last Swedish entry to have contained lyricsin a language other than English. Despite the fact that France's Patricia Kaas would get a relatively goodplacing in the final, Ernman drew further attention to Francophone culture in the semi-final, as well in thegrand final (by classing 3rd in the OGAE Second Chance round), despite her ultimate placing (21st).Thesong was the winner of Melodifestivalen 2009 on 14 March 2009, earning the right to compete forSweden in the first semi-final of Eurovision 2009 on 12 May 2009. The song qualified for the final roundwhere it finished 21st place with 33 points, making it Sweden's second lowest placing in the contest since1992's \"I morgon är en annan dag\" (22nd), and also the second time the country failed to place withinthe Top 20.In 2010, the song was covered by Russian pop singer Philipp Kirkorov and opera singer AnnaNetrebko with Kirkorov singing verses and Netrebko singing chorus. They recorded two versions of thesong, one with original French and English lyrics and other sang exclusively in Russian.The song has alsobeen used as the backing track for the musical documentary Spaceplane Sailing. The short film coversthe 33-mission career of the Space Shuttle Atlantis and was premiered on YouTube in February2013.Melodifestivalen and Eurovision\"La voix\" participated in the fourth heat of the 2009 Melodifestivalenwhich was held on 28 February 2009 at the Malmö Arena in Malmö. The song was the last of the eightcompeting entries to perform and directly qualified to the contest final as one of the two songs songwhich received the most telephone votes. On 14 March, during the final held at the Globe Arena inStockholm, Ernman were the last of the eleven competing acts to perform, and \"La voix\" won the contestwith 182 points, receiving the highest number of votes from the viewing public via telephone votingdespite placing only eighth with the regional and international juries.Sweden participated in the firstsemi-final of the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest in Moscow, Russia on 12 May 2009. Ernman was the fifthcompeting artist to perform and Sweden were subsequently announced at the end of the broadcast asone of the ten countries to have qualified for the final. Ernman performed again in the final on 16 May,with Sweden drawn to perform as the fourth country on stage, and subsequently finished in twenty-firstplace with a total of 33 points. The full breakdown of results published after the final revealed that in thefirst semi-final Sweden had finished in fourth place with 105 points.Chart performanceThe song debutedon the Swedish Singles Chart on the week of 13 March 2009 at number 31, before climbing to number 10the following week and then number four in its third.On 26 April 2009, \"La voix\" went straight to numberone on the Svensktoppen radio chart.In May 2009, the single entered at 29 in the Belgium Ultratip,moved up to 27 in its second week and then fell off the chart.Track listingCD: (Sweden)\"La voix\" (radioedit)\"La voix\" (karaoke)ChartsPassage 2:Malena ErnmanSara Magdalena Ernman (born 4 November1970) is a Swedish mezzo-soprano opera singer. Besides operas and operettas, she has also performedchansons, cabaret, jazz, and appeared in musicals. She is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy ofMusic. Ernman represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with the song \"La Voix\",finishing in 21st place.Life and careerEarly lifeErnman was born in Uppsala, Sweden, spent her childhoodand school years in Sandviken, and was educated at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm, the MusicConservatory in Orléans, France, and the school of the Royal Swedish Opera. She is married to actorSvante Thunberg, with whom she had appeared in a 2000 Swedish television musical documentary aboutthe composer Joseph Martin Kraus, played by Thunberg. Together they have two daughters: singer BeataErnman, and climate activist Greta Thunberg.OperasIn 1997, Ernman sang in the premiere of IvarHallström's 1897 opera Liten Karin in Vadstena; Opera magazine noted that \"the mezzo Malena Ernmanwas very expressive as Princess Cecilia, King Erik XIV's sister\". In 1998, her Rosina in The Barber ofSeville at the Royal Opera in Stockholm was described as \"displaying impressive technique\" and \"shapingthe character with mocking good humour\". The same year, she sang Kaja in the premiere of Sven-DavidSandström's Staden under Leif Segerstam also at the Royal Opera in Stockholm, where one reviewer"}
{"doc_id":"doc_75","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Lethal Weapon 3Lethal Weapon 3 is a 1992 American buddy cop action film directed byRichard Donner and written by Jeffrey Boam and Robert Mark Kamen. The sequel to Lethal Weapon 2(1989), it is the third installment in the Lethal Weapon film series and stars Mel Gibson, Danny Glover,Joe Pesci, Rene Russo, and Stuart Wilson.In Lethal Weapon 3, LAPD Sergeants Martin Riggs (Gibson) andRoger Murtaugh (Glover) pursue Jack Travis (Wilson), a former LAPD lieutenant turned ruthless armsdealer, during the six days prior to Murtaugh's retirement. Riggs and Murtaugh are joined by Leo Getz(Pesci) as well as internal affairs Sergeant Lorna Cole (Russo).The film was a box office success, grossingover $320 million worldwide. It was the fifth-highest-grossing film of 1992 and the highest-grossinginstallment in the series overall. The film was followed by Lethal Weapon 4 in 1998.PlotA week before hisretirement, L.A.P.D. Sergeant Roger Murtaugh and his partner Martin Riggs are demoted to uniformduties after failing to defuse an office building bomb. While on street patrol they witness the theft of anarmored car, and help to thwart the crime assisted by armored car driver Delores. One of the two thievesgets away, but the other is taken into police custody. The suspect is found to be a known associate ofJack Travis, a former LAPD lieutenant who is running an arms smuggling ring in Los Angeles. Thedepartment is further concerned that the thieves were using armor-piercing bullets. Riggs and Murtaughare re-promoted and assigned to work with Sergeant Lorna Cole from internal affairs to track downTravis.Travis is currently negotiating with mobster Tyrone regarding his arms deal. The armored car thiefthat escaped is brought to Travis, who subsequently kills him in front of Tyrone for putting the police onhis trail. Travis then uses his old police credentials to enter the interrogation room and kill the suspect incustody before he can be interviewed. Travis is unaware that closed-circuit cameras have been installedin the station, and Cole is able to confirm Travis' identity. While the three are reviewing the footage, theirgood friend Leo Getz, who has been helping Murtaugh sell his house, arrives and immediately recognizesTravis from several prior business deals and his love of ice hockey. Murtaugh, Riggs, and Getz narrowlymiss capturing Travis at a hockey match, and Getz is wounded. However, Getz manages to provide themwith information of a warehouse Travis owns, which they suspect is where he has stored his armsshipments.Riggs and Murtaugh contact Cole for backup before they raid the warehouse, and stop at afood truck to wait for her. As they wait for their food, they witness a drug deal and attempt to stop it.Murtaugh kills a gunman who fired at them, while the rest escape. Murtaugh recognizes the gunman,Darryl, a close friend of his son Nick. With Murtaugh emotionally distraught, Riggs and Cole head to thewarehouse, where they successfully secure his next arms shipment delivery. That night, Riggs and Colefind they have feelings for each other and sleep together. Riggs later finds a guilt-ridden Murtaugh drunkin his boat and consoles him in time for Darryl's funeral. There, Darryl's father passionately insists thatMurtaugh find the person responsible for giving Darryl the gun.Cole finds that Darryl's gun, thearmor-piercing bullets, and the arms they recovered were originally in police custody, meant to bedestroyed, and were stolen by Travis; they revoke his credentials from the system. They further tie theguns to Tyrone and interrogate him. Tyrone directs them to an auto garage where many of his henchmenwork from. Riggs, Murtaugh, and Cole are able to arrest several of the men. Meanwhile, Travis has one ofhis men hack into the computer system to find another arms storage area. He then forces CaptainMurphy under gunpoint to take him to this new facility so he can steal the guns using Murphy'scredentials. Cole finds the evidence of hacking and Murphy's absence, and the three, along with a rookiecop, Edwards, who looks up to Riggs and Murtaugh, intercept Travis. They are able to rescue Murphy andstop Travis and his men before he can take the weapons, but Edwards is killed during their pursuit.Getzprovides information on a housing development owned by Travis's shell company. Riggs, Murtaugh, andCole infiltrate the site at night and enter a large-scale gunfight. Riggs sets the construction site on fireand most of Travis' men are killed, while Travis wounds Cole. When Travis uses a bulldozer to chase downRiggs, using its blade as a bullet shield, Murtaugh tosses Daryl's gun, now loaded with the armor-piercingbullets, to Riggs, who then shoots and kills Travis through the blade. After finding out Cole wore twolayers of kevlar vests, Riggs admits his love for her as she is taken away in a chopper.The next day,"}
{"doc_id":"doc_76","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Ladies in DistressLadies in Distress is a 1938 American drama film directed by Gus Meins and written by Dorrell McGowan and Stuart E. McGowan. The film stars Alison Skipworth, Polly Moran, Robert Livingston, Virginia Grey, Max Terhune and Berton Churchill. The film was released on June 13, 1938, by Republic Pictures.PlotCastAlison Skipworth as Josephine BonneyPolly Moran as Lydia BonneyRobert Livingston as Pete BraddockVirginia Grey as SallyMax Terhune as Dave EvansBerton Churchill as Fred MorganLeonard Penn as Daniel J. RomanHorace McMahon as 2nd ThugAllen Vincent as SpadeEddie Acuff as HoraceCharles Anthony Hughes as LieutenantJack Carr as PolicemanWalter Sande as DuncanBilly Wayne as BrownPassage 2:Kyōen KobanzameKyōen Kobanzame (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, Kyōen Kobanzame) is a 1958 black-and-white Japanese film directed by Nobuo Nakagawa.There are two parts of the film: the first part Kyōen Kobanzame zenpen (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000) and the second part Kyōen Kobanzame kōhen (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000) . Both parts have the same staff and the same actors.CastKanjūrō Arashi (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000)Misako Uji (\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000) Ryūzaburō Nakamura (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000) - dual roleUreo Egawa (\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000)Tomohiko Ōtani (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000)Saburō Sawai (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000)Tetsurō Tamba (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000)Masao Takamatsu (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000)Kōtarō Bandō (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000)Fumiko Miyata (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000)Namiji Matsuura (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000)Passage 3:A Damsel in Distress (1919 film)A Damsel in Distress is a silent romantic comedy film released in 1919, starring June Caprice and Creighton Hale. The film is based on the 1919 novel A Damsel in Distress by English humorist P. G. Wodehouse. The director was George Archainbaud. The same novel later inspired a 1937 film.Plot summaryCastJune Caprice as Maud MarshCreighton Hale as George BevanWilliam H. Thompson as John W. MarshCharlotte Granville as Mrs. Caroline ByngArthur Albro as Reggie ByngGeorge Trimble as KeggsKatherine Johnson as Alice FarradayMark Smith as Percy MarshProductionThe film was directed by George Archainbaud, with Philip Masi as assistant director. The art director was Henri Menessier.Passage 4:Sidney OlcottSidney Olcott (born John Sidney Allcott, September 20, 1872 – December 16, 1949) was a Canadian-born film producer, director, actor and screenwriter.BiographyBorn John Sidney Allcott in Toronto, he became one of the first great directors of the motion picture business. With a desire to be an actor, a young Sidney Olcott went to New York City where he worked in the theatre until 1904 when he performed as a film actor with the Biograph Studios.In 1907, Frank J. Marion and Samuel Long, with financial backing from George Kleine, formed a new motion picture company called the Kalem Company and were able to lure the increasingly successful Olcott away from Biograph. Olcott was offered the sum of ten dollars per picture and under the terms of his contract, Olcott was required to direct a minimum of one, one-reel picture of about a thousand feet every week. After making a number of very successful films for the Kalem studio, including Ben Hur (1907) with its dramatic chariot race scene, and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1908), Olcott became the company's president and was rewarded with one share of its stock.In 1910 Sidney Olcott demonstrated his creative thinking when he made Kalem Studios the first ever to travel outside the United States to film on location.Of Irish ancestry, and knowing that in America there was a huge built-in Irish audience, Olcott went to Ireland where he made a film called A Lad from Old Ireland. He would go on to make more than a dozen films there and later on only the outbreak of World War I prevented him from following through with his plans to build a permanent studio in Beaufort, County Kerry, Ireland. The Irish films led to him taking a crew to Palestine in 1912 to make the first five-reel film ever, titled From the Manger to the Cross, the life story of Jesus.The film concept was at first the subject of much scepticism but when it appeared on screen, it was lauded by the public and the critics. Costing $35,000 to produce, From the Manger to the Cross earned the Kalem Company profits of almost $1 million, a staggering amount in 1912. The motion picture industry acclaimed him as its greatest director and the film influenced the direction many great filmmakers would take such as D.W. Griffith and Cecil B. DeMille. From the Manger to the Cross is still shown today to film societies and students studying early film making techniques. In 1998 the film was selected for the National Film Registry of the United States Library of Congress.Despite making the studio owners very rich men, they refused to increase his salary beyond the $150 a week he was then earning. From the enormous profits made for his employers, Olcott's dividend on the one share they had given him amounted to $350. As a result, Sidney Olcott resigned and took some time off, making only an occasional film until 1915 when "}
{"doc_id":"doc_77","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Ole Arntzen LützowOle Arntzen Lützow (14 November 1801 – 2 November 1871) was aNorwegian politician.He was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1839, 1842 and 1845, representingthe rural constituency of Hedemarkens Amt. He worked as a farmer.Passage 2:Harry A. McMackinHarryAlbert McMackin (February 10, 1880 – October 13, 1946) was a Canadian politician. He served in theLegislative Assembly of New Brunswick as member of the Progressive Conservative party from 1939 to1944.Passage 3:Harry A. KeeganHarry Albert Keegan (November 18, 1882 – August 25, 1968) was amember of the Wisconsin State Assembly.BiographyKeegan was born on November 18, 1882 in what isnow Madison, South Dakota. He later moved to Monroe, Wisconsin. Keegan died in August1968.CareerKeegan was a member of the Assembly twice. First, from 1939 to 1946 and second, from1949 to 1956. He was a Republican. He was a dairy farmer and also worked in the grocery business.Keegan served on the Monroe Common Council.Passage 4:Harry Sieben Sr.Harry Albert Sieben II (August23, 1914 - April 25, 1979) was an American public servant, active in government and politics inMinnesota throughout his life.Family, early life, and educationSieben was born on August 23, 1914, inHastings, Minnesota into a family active in government and politics. Sieben's father, also named HarryAlbert Sieben (1890-1945), a 1911 graduate of the University of Illinois, served as mayor of Hastingsfrom 1922 to 1926. Sieben's grandfather, J. George Sieben, served three terms as mayor of Hastings,while also serving on the city council for twelve years.Sieben's mother, Irene H. Buckley Sieben(1891-1982), was a 1911 graduate of the University of Minnesota and was a delegate to the DemocraticNational Convention in 1948.The Sieben family originally arrived in the United States from Firmenich,near Cologne, Germany, in the then-Kingdom of Prussia, in 1847.Sieben graduated from the University ofMinnesota and, later, from William Mitchell College of Law.Early careerBefore his career in law andgovernment, Sieben managed his family's drug store, which was founded by his grandfather in 1885.During World War II, Sieben joined the Army and served at the bomber modification center at HolmanField in St. Paul.Sieben married his wife, the former Mary Luger, in April 1940, in Minneapolis, where theylater made their home before moving to Hastings.Political careerSieben was a long-time member of theMinnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) and active in local and state politics for over thirtyyears. After assisting with the political activity of his father in Hastings, an early political experience ofSieben's came during Hubert Humphrey's successful 1948 bid for US Senate.In 1950, Sieben ran forMinnesota's 2nd Congressional District of the US Congress, against incumbent-since-1941, JosephO'Hara. Sieben supported the Marshall Plan and providing military assistance to Europe and Asia,including Korea, where his brother James G. Sieben served. Sieben ultimately lost 69,304 to 46,452.InFebruary 1951, he was also appointed acting director of the Office of Price Stabilization in Minnesota afterbeing recommended for it by then-Senator Hubert Humphrey.In 1954, Sieben again ran for US Congressin the 2nd District. A highlight of Sieben's campaign was a fundraising dinner for 700 people in Mankatowith sitting Senator Hubert Humphrey at $5 per plate.In January 1955, Minnesota Governor OrvilleFreeman appointed Sieben as liquor control commissioner. In 1957, Governor Freeman appointed Siebenas the Minnesota highway safety director, a role in which he served for four years.Sieben was appointedas US Marshal for Minnesota by President John F. Kennedy on May 1, 1961.Sieben stepped down from USMarshal position in the summer of 1962 to become the regional director of the Small BusinessAdministration for Minnesota, North and South Dakota, and northern Wisconsin. During this time, Siebenwas also a confidante of Governor Karl Rolvaag.In 1966, at the age of 52, he graduated from WilliamMitchell College of Law and worked as a lawyer. In 1968, Sieben was elected president of the Twin Citieschapter of the Federal Bar Association.From 1971 until his death, Sieben served as chief clerk of theUnited States District Court for the District of Minnesota.Death & legacyOn April 22, 1979, Sieben hesuffered a stroke or a heart attack and was hospitalized. He died shortly afterwards on April 25, 1979, inHastings.Two of Sieben's sons, Harry A. Sieben, Jr. and Mike Sieben, served in the Minnesota House ofRepresentatives: Harry, Jr. served 14 years, including as Speaker of the House, while Mike served 10years. Harry, Jr. also served as a Major General and Adjutant General of the Minnesota National Guard."}
{"doc_id":"doc_78","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:The Wonderful World of Captain KuhioThe Wonderful World of Captain Kuhio (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, Kuhio Taisa, lit. \"Captain Kuhio\") is a 2009 Japanese comedy-crime film, directed by Daihachi Yoshida, based on Kazumasa Yoshida's 2006 biographical novel, Kekkon Sagishi Kuhio Taisa (lit. \"Marriage swindler Captain Kuhio\"), that focuses on a real-life marriage swindler, who conned over 100 million yen (US$1.2 million) from a number of women between the 1970s and the 1990s.The film was released in Japan on 10 October 2009.CastMasato Sakai - Captain KuhioYasuko Matsuyuki - Shinobu NaganoHikari Mitsushima - Haru YasuokaYuko Nakamura - Michiko SudoHirofumi Arai - Tatsuya NaganoKazuya Kojima - Koichi TakahashiSakura Ando - Rika KinoshitaMasaaki Uchino - Chief FujiwaraKanji Furutachi - Shigeru KurodaReila AphroditeSei AndoAwardsAt the 31st Yokohama Film FestivalBest Actor – Masato SakaiBest Supporting Actress – Sakura AndoPassage 2:We Dive at DawnWe Dive at Dawn is a 1943 war film directed by Anthony Asquith and starring John Mills and Eric Portman as Royal Navy submariners in the Second World War. It was written by Val Valentine and J. B. Williams with uncredited assistance from Frank Launder. It was produced by Edward Black. The film's sets were designed by Walter Murton.PlotIt is April, 1942. Lieutenant Freddie Taylor and some crew of the submarine Sea Tiger are given a week's leave after an unsuccessful patrol. Leading Seaman Hobson goes home to save his marriage, while a reluctant Torpedo Gunner's Mate Corrigan departs for his wedding in London. When the crew are recalled early Corrigan is relieved, though later regrets not completing his marriage. Sea Tiger has been assigned the top secret mission to sink Nazi Germany's new battleship, the Brandenburg, before she transits the Kiel Canal for sea trials in the Baltic Sea. Sea Tiger must put to sea immediately.Crossing the North Sea, the submarine picks up three shot-down Luftwaffe pilots from a rescue buoy, and prevents their radio alert to German forces. When the submarine enters a minefield, an airman panics and reveals the Brandenburg is further ahead than thought. The airman is attacked by a countryman and subsequently dies. Taylor decides on a desperate gamble to pursue the Brandenburg into the German-controlled Baltic Sea.When the Brandenburg is spotted, Sea Tiger fires all its torpedoes, but dives before assessing their impact due to German destroyers dropping depth charges. By expelling oil and other debris including the body of the German airman, Taylor deceives the Germans into believing that the submarine has sunk. Although successfully escaped, Sea Tiger no longer has enough oil to reach Britain. The Germans, convinced that the Sea Tiger has been sunk, have Lord Haw Haw broadcast to Britain announcing the destruction of the Sea Tiger.Taylor decides to have his crew abandon ship on the Danish island of Hågø (which is in fact the island of Bågø). Hobson, a former merchant seaman who speaks German and knows the port on the island, persuades Taylor to let him go ashore and search for oil. He succeeds, and Sea Tiger enters the harbour under cover of darkness, using Hobson's intelligence about the harbour depth. Aided by friendly Danish sailors, they refuel while Hobson and other crewmen hold off the German garrison. Although Pincher (the cook) is killed and Oxford and Lieutenant Johnson are wounded, they get back to the re-fuelled submarine and start to leave the port. While they leave though, the tanker they were able to refuel from is hit by German shells and catches fire. Taylor, not wanting to risk the Sea Tiger any longer, continues to leave the port and makes it out to the open sea.While returning to Britain, the crew are met by an escorting trawler and learn from them that they sank the Brandenburg. The Sea Tiger returns to base, flying the Jolly Roger for the first time.CastJohn Mills as Lieutenant Freddie Taylor, CaptainLouis Bradfield as Lieutenant Brace, First OfficerRonald Millar as Lieutenant Ronnie Johnson, Third OfficerJack Watling as Lieutenant Gordon, Navigating OfficerReginald Purdell as C/P.O. (Chief Petty Officer) \"Dicky\" Dabbs, CoxswainCaven Watson as C/P.O. Jock Duncan, Chief Engine Room ArtificerNiall MacGinnis as C/P.O. Mike Corrigan, Torpedo Gunner's MateEric Portman as L/S (Leading Seaman) James Hobson, on hydrophonesLeslie Weston as L/S Tug Wilson, Leading Torpedo OperatorNorman Williams as \"Canada\", Periscope OperatorLionel Grose as \" Spud\", Torpedo OperatorDavid Peel as \"Oxford\", HelmsmanPhilip Godfrey as \"Flunkey\", StewardRobb Wilton as \"Pincher\", CookJoan Hopkins as Ethel DabbsWalter Gotell as the ardent Nazi pilot, uncreditedJohn Slater as CharliePhilip Friend as Captain HumphriesProductionWe Dive at Dawn was filmed at Gaumont-British Studios in London, with the co-operation of the British Admiralty. John Mills prepared "}
{"doc_id":"doc_79","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Bernie BonvoisinBernard Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: [b\u0000\u0000na\u0000 b\u0000̃vwaz\u0000̃]), known asBernie Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: [b\u0000\u0000ni b\u0000̃vwaz\u0000̃], born 9 July 1956 in Nanterre,Hauts-de-Seine), is a French hard rock singer and film director. He is best known for having been thesinger of Trust.He was one of the best friends of Bon Scott the singer of AC/DC and together theyrecorded the song \"Ride On\" which was one of the last songs by Bon Scott.External linksBernie Bonvoisinat IMDbPassage 2:Margery CuylerMargery Cuyler is an American children's book author. She has writtenmany picture books, including That's Good! That's Bad! and the rest of its series.Cuyler grew up inPrinceton, NJ. She graduated from Sarah Lawrence College in 1970. Besides writing her own books, shehas worked as a children's book editor and in executive positions at Amazon.com, Marshall Cavendish,Golden Books Family Entertainment, Henry Holt and Company, and Holiday House. In 2011, sheappeared on The Celebrity Apprentice television show, judging the contestants on their work creating achildren's book.Cuyler lives in Lawrenceville, New Jersey.BibliographyPicture booksSir William and thePumpkin Monster, Henry Holt, 1984Freckles and Willie: A Valentine's Day Story, Henry Holt, 1986FatSanta, Henry Holt, 1987Freckles and Jane, Henry Holt, 1989Shadow's Baby, Clarion Books, 1989Daisy'sCrazy Thanksgiving, Henry Holt, 1990Baby Dot: A Dinosaur Story, Clarion Books, 1990Buddy Bear andthe Bad Guys, Clarion Books, 1990That's Good! That's Bad!, Henry Holt, 1991The Christmas Snowman,Arcade Books, 1992The Biggest, Best Snowman, Scholastic, 1998From Here to There, Henry Holt,1999100th Day Worries, Simon & Schuster, 2000Road Signs, Winslow Press, 2000Stop, Drop and Roll,Simon & Schuster, 2001Ah-choo!, Scholastic, 2002That's Good! That's Bad! In the Grand Canyon, HenryHolt, 2002Skeleton Hiccups, Margaret K. McElderry, 2002Big Friends, Walker and Company, 2004PleaseSay Please! Penguin's Guide to Manners, Scholastic, 2004Groundhog Stays Up Late, Walker/Bloomsbury,2005The Bumpy Little Pumpkin, Scholastic, 2005Please Play Safe! Penguin's Guide to Playground Safety,Scholastic, 2006Kindness Is Cooler, Mrs. Ruler, Simon & Schuster, 2007That's Good! That's Bad! InWashington, D.C., Henry Holt, 2007Hooray for Reading Day!, Simon & Schuster, 2008Monster Mess,Margaret McElderry Books/Simon & Schuster, 2008We’re Going on a Lion Hunt, Marshall Cavendish,2008The Little Dump Truck, Henry Holt, 2009That's Good! That's Bad! On Santa's Journey, Henry Holt,2009Bullies Never Win, Simon & Schuster, 2009Princess Bess Gets Dressed, Simon & Schuster, 2009IRepeat, Don't Cheat!, Simon & Schuster, 2010Guinea Pigs Add Up, Walker and Company, 2010Tick TockClock, HarperCollins, 2012Skeleton for Dinner, Albert Whiteman, 2013The Little School Bus, Henry Holt,2014The Little Dump Truck, Henry Holt, 2014NovelsThe Trouble with Soap, E.P. Dutton, 1982Weird Wolf,Henry Holt, 1989Invisible in the Third Grade, Henry Holt, 1995The Battlefield Ghost, Scholastic,1999NonfictionJewish Holidays, Henry Holt, 1978The All-Around Pumpkin Book, Henry Holt, 1980TheAll-Around Christmas Book, Henry Holt, 1982Passage 3:That's Good, That's Bad (Frankie Lainesong)\"That's Good, That's Bad\" is a 1951 hit song sung by Jo Stafford and Frankie Laine. It was writtenby Ervin Drake and Jimmy Shirl.Passage 4:Kristian LeontiouKristian Leontiou (born February 1982) is anEnglish singer. Formerly a solo artist, he is the lead singer of indie rock band One eskimO.EarlylifeKristian Leontiou was born in London, England and is of Greek Cypriot descent. He went to Hatch EndHigh School in Harrow and worked several jobs in and around London whilst concentrating on music whenhe had any free time.  In 2003 he signed a major record deal with Polydor. At the time, Leontiou wasdubbed \"the new Dido\" by some media outlets. His debut single \"Story of My Life\" was released in June2004 and reached #9 in the UK Singles Chart. His second single \"Shining\" peaked at #13 whilst thealbum Some Day Soon was certified gold selling in excess of 150,000 copies.Leontiou toured the album inNovember 2004 taking him to the US to work with L.A Reid, Chairman of the Island Def Jam musicgroup.  Unhappy with the direction his career was going, on a flight back from the US in 2004 he decidedto take his music in a new direction.  Splitting from his label in late 2005, he went on to collaborate withFaithless on the song \"Hope & Glory\" for their album ‘'To All New Arrivals'’.  It was this release that sawhim unleash the One eskimO moniker.  It was through working with Rollo Armstrong on the Faithlessalbum, that Rollo got to hear an early demo of \"Astronauts\" from the One eskimO project. Being more"}
{"doc_id":"doc_80","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Pete TownshendPeter Dennis Blandford Townshend (; born 19 May 1945) is an Englishmusician. He is the co-founder, leader, guitarist, second lead vocalist and principal songwriter of theWho, one of the most influential rock bands of the 1960s and 1970s. Due to his aggressive playing styleand innovative songwriting techniques, Townshend's works with the Who and in other projects haveearned him critical acclaim.Townshend has written more than 100 songs for 12 of the Who's studioalbums. These include concept albums, the rock operas Tommy (1969) and Quadrophenia (1973), pluspopular rock radio staples such as Who's Next (1971); as well as dozens more that appeared asnon-album singles, bonus tracks on reissues, and tracks on rarities compilation albums such as Odds &Sods (1974). He has also written more than 100 songs that have appeared on his solo albums, as well asradio jingles and television theme songs.While known primarily as a guitarist, Townshend also playskeyboards, banjo, accordion, harmonica, ukulele, mandolin, violin, synthesiser, bass guitar, and drums;he is self-taught on all of these instruments and plays on his own solo albums, several Who albums, andas a guest contributor to an array of other artists' recordings. Townshend has also contributed to andauthored many newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, essays, books, and scripts, and he hascollaborated as a lyricist and composer for many other musical acts. In 1983, Townshend received theBrit Award for Lifetime Achievement and in 1990 he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as amember of the Who. Townshend was ranked No. 3 in Dave Marsh's 1994 list of Best Guitarists in The NewBook of Rock Lists. In 2001, he received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award as a member of theWho; and in 2008 he received Kennedy Center Honors. He was ranked No. 10 in Gibson.com's 2011 listof the top 50 guitarists, and No. 10 in Rolling Stone's updated 2011 list of the 100 greatest guitarists ofall time. He and Roger Daltrey received The George and Ira Gershwin Award for Lifetime MusicalAchievement at UCLA on 21 May 2016.Early life and educationTownshend was born in Chiswick, WestLondon, at the Chiswick Hospital, Netheravon Road, in the UK. He came from a musical family: his father,Cliff Townshend, was a professional alto saxophonist in the Royal Air Force's dance band theSquadronaires and his mother, Betty (née Dennis), was a singer with the Sydney Torch and Les DouglassOrchestras. The Townshends had a volatile marriage, as both drank heavily and possessed fiery tempers.Cliff Townshend was often away from his family touring with his band while Betty carried on affairs withother men. The two split when Townshend was a toddler and he was sent to live with his maternalgrandmother Emma Dennis, whom Pete later described as \"clinically insane\". The two-year separationended when Cliff and Betty purchased a house together on Woodgrange Avenue in middle-class Acton,and the young Pete was happily reunited with his parents. His neighbourhood was one-third Polish, and adevout Jewish family upstairs shared their housing with them and cooking with them—many of hisfather's closest friends were Jewish.Townshend says he did not have many friends growing up, so hespent much of his boyhood reading adventure novels like Gulliver's Travels and Treasure Island. Heenjoyed his family's frequent excursions to the seaside and the Isle of Man. It was on one of these trips inthe summer of 1956 that he repeatedly watched the 1956 film Rock Around the Clock, sparking hisfascination with American rock and roll. Not long thereafter, he went to see Bill Haley perform in London,Townshend's first concert. At the time, he did not see himself pursuing a career as a professionalmusician; instead, he wanted to become a journalist.Upon passing the eleven-plus exam, Townshend wasenrolled at Acton County Grammar School. At Acton County, he was frequently bullied because he had alarge nose, an experience that profoundly affected him. His grandmother Emma purchased his first guitarfor Christmas in 1956, an inexpensive Spanish model. Though his father taught him a couple of chords,Townshend was largely self-taught on the instrument and never learned to read music. Townshend andschool friend John Entwistle formed a short-lived trad jazz group, the Confederates, featuring Townshendon banjo and Entwistle on horns. The Confederates played gigs at the Congo Club, a youth club run bythe Acton Congregational Church, and covered Acker Bilk, Kenny Ball, and Lonnie Donegan. However,both became influenced by the increasing popularity of rock 'n' roll, with Townshend particularly admiringCliff Richard's debut single, \"Move It\". Townshend left the Confederates after getting into a fight with the"}
{"doc_id":"doc_81","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:The Man with the Glass EyeThe Man with the Glass Eye (German: Der Mann mit dem Glasauge)is a 1969 West German crime film directed by Alfred Vohrer and starring Horst Tappert, Karin Hübner andHubert von Meyerinck. It is part of Rialto Film's long-running series of Edgar Wallace adaptations.The film'ssets were designed by the art directors Walter Kutz and Wilhelm Vorwerg. It was shot at the SpandauStudios and on location in West Berlin, Hamburg and London.CastPassage 2:The Return of Pom PomTheReturn of Pom Pom (Chinese: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000) is a 1984 Hong Kong comedy film directed by Philip Chan andstarring Richard Ng and John Shum. It is the second film in the Pom Pom film series which is a spin-off theLucky Stars series.PlotHaving been together for years, police officer Beethoven (John Shum) must find anew place to live as his friend and fellow officer Ng Ah Chow (Richard Ng) is marrying his fiancée Anna(Deanie Yip). Furthermore, the two officers are transferred to a new department run by fearsome InspectorTien (James Tin Chuen). While here their former boss inspector Chan (Philip Chan) is set up after evidenceis stolen by \"The Flying Spider\" (Lam Ching-ying), the two officers must track down the thief to proveChan's innocence.CastRichard Ng as officer Ng Ah ChiuJohn Shum as officer BeethovenDeannie Yip asAnna, Ng's love interestLam Ching-Ying as The Flying SpiderPhilip Chan as Inspector ChanJames Tin Chuenas Inspector TienPassage 3:Mr. Boo Meets Pom PomMr. Boo Meets Pom Pom (Chinese: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000) is a 1985Hong Kong comedy film directed by Wu Ma and starring Richard Ng and John Shum. It is the third film inthe Pom Pom film series which is a spin-off the Lucky Stars series.PlotWorking at the police forensicdepartment Mr Boo (Michael Hui) although absent-minded and scruffy is successful at his job. His beautifulwife (Terry Hu) begin to be courted by handsome billionaire Yang (Stuart Ong) and now Mr Boo must try towin back her love. While on a job involving a bank robbery he befriend detectives Chow (Richard Ng) andBeethoven (John Shum) who promise to help him with his love life.CastMichael Hui as Mr. BooTerry Hu asMr. Boo's wifeRichard Ng Yiu-Hon as officer Ng Ah ChiuJohn Shum Kin-Fun as officer BeethovenDeannie YipTak-Han as Anna, Ng's loverStuart Ong as YangPassage 4:The Man with the Fake BanknoteThe Man withthe Fake Banknote or The Man with the Counterfeit Money (German: Der Mann mit der falschen Banknote)is a 1927 German silent crime film directed by Romano Mengon and starring Nils Asther, Vivian Gibson andMargarete Lanner.The film's art direction was by Robert A. Dietrich.CastNils AstherVivian GibsonMargareteLannerSig ArnoPhilipp ManningKarl PlatenPassage 5:Pom Pom Strikes BackPom Pom Strikes Back is a 1986Hong Kong comedy film directed by Wu Ma and starring Richard Ng and John Shum. It is the fourth andfinal film in the Pom Pom film series which is a spin-off the Lucky Stars series.PlotPolice officers Chow(Richard Ng) and Beethoven (John Shum) are close friend who must protect a witness May (May Lo MeiMei) after she witnesses a gangland murder. Meanwhile Beethoven mistakenly discovers that Chow isdying of cancer and sets out to make his last few months memorable.CastRichard Ng as officer Ng AhChiuJohn Shum as officer BeethovenDeannie Yip as Mrs Anna Ng, Ng's wifeMay Lo Mei-Mei as MayPassage6:The Man with Two Faces (1975 film)The Man with Two Faces (Korean: \u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000; RR: Gongpouiijongingan) is a 1975 South Korean horror film.CastLee Ye-chunKim Ok-jinJin Bong-jinPassage 7:The PomPom GirlsThe Pom Pom Girls (also known as Palisades High) is a 1976 American film directed by JosephRuben. The screenplay was written by Ruben and based on a story by him and Robert J. Rosenthal. Themovie was shot on location at Chaminade High School in Los Angeles. The Pom Pom Girls is ateensploitation film, female relationships and cheerleaders in locations that are \"any town\" American, andincludes disobedient teens in a date movie with romance and sex, plenty of outdoor activities, stunts thatare coordinated for actors and actresses, and indoor activities for a new audience.PlotA football player fallsfor a girl who is dating another guy, while another cannot figure out which girl he likes.The big gameagainst rival Hardin High School is looming while a full scale prank war is underway.ProductionThe modestprofits of the prior exploitation/teensploitation film The Cheerleaders (1975) inspired The Pom Pom Girlswriters with cheerleader themes and scenes. Easy Rider had an influence on the film, the huge success ofthat film had film makers like the scriptwriters Robert Rosenthal and Joseph Ruben, who is the director,include the theme of the value of freedom. Many shots and automobiles were included, drive-in restaurant, \"suicide chicken\" race, many scenes of nostalgia that was incorporated from the present day. Even a tagline"}
{"doc_id":"doc_82","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:The Bloom of YesterdayThe Bloom of Yesterday (German: Die Blumen von gestern) is a 2016German-Austrian comedy film directed by Chris Kraus.CastReceptionThe film won the Grand Prize and theAudience Award at the 2016 Tokyo International Film Festival and subsequently won several awards andnominations.  Martin Schwickert, of Zeit Online, said the dialogue had \"almost Woody Allen's brillianceand speed.\"Passage 2:Shima (film)Shima is a 2007 film from Uzbekistan.PlotAt the end of the SecondWorld War, imperial Japanese fanaticism seals the fate of an island's inhabitants and its garrison, througha massacre, interrupting the love between a soldier and a fisherman's daughter. The daughter survives,but the other survivor Taro- a soldier cut off from all communication- continues to serve the emperor foranother thirty years. Tormented in his dreams by memories and his secret aspiration for eternalpeace.Taro is regularly 'inspected' by his former military inspector Yamada, who exploits the situation toentertain former Japanese officers, nostalgic of Imperial Japan, by luring visitors to the island through hisWar Veterans Association. The visitors are held captive and enrolled by Taro to serve in the army of theGreat Emperor. For the sadistic pleasure of the former Japanese officers, Yamada organises \"inspections\"during which the new recruits must prove their devotion to the emperor by sacrificing their lives.Manyyears later Shintaro, the son of the fisherman's daughter, finds himself on the island after searching forhis father. He learns his father disappeared on the island just before the massacre. He contacts Yamadathrough the War Veterans Association, who agrees to take him and others to the island. But once theyarrive he abandons them and puts Taro in charge. For Shintaro and his comrades this means forcedenrolment, military drills and suffering. After months of torture Shintaro and the other captives start toaccept Taro's twisted sense of reality. The training intensifies as Taro prepares the recruits to fight amysterious enemy.CastSeidula Moldakhanov as TaroMikhail Vodzumi as ShintaroAnvar Kenjaev asYamadaInfluencesBased on the true story of Lieutenant Hiroo Onoda, a Japanese holdout who did notsurrender until 1974. During his service, it has been estimated that he killed about thirty people,including American soldiers and local police militia.Passage 3:Circus of LoveCircus of Love (German:Rummelplatz der Liebe) is a 1954 drama film directed by Kurt Neumann and starring Eva Bartok, CurdJürgens and Bernhard Wicki. It was made as a co-production between West Germany and the UnitedStates. It premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival.The film was shot at the Bavaria Studios inMunich and on location in the city. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Hans Kuhnert andTheo Zwierski. It was produced by King Brothers and released in West Germany by RKO Pictures. Aseparate English-language version Carnival Story was shot simultaneously.CastEva Bartok as LilliCurdJürgens as ToniBernhard Wicki as FranzRobert Freitag as RichardWilli Rose as KarlAdy Berber as Groppothe WildmanHelene Stanley as LoreJacob Möslacher as The DwarfJosef Schneider as TheSword-swallowerAmalie Lindinger as The Fat LadyLy Maria as The Snake LadyAnni Trautner as TheBearded LadyJadin Wong as The Chinese DancerPassage 4:Dragon's GoldDragon's Gold is a 1954American crime film directed by Aubrey Wisberg and Jack Pollexfen and starring John Archer, HillaryBrooke and Philip Van Zandt.PlotCastJohn Archer as Mack RossiterHillary Brooke as Vivian CrosbyNoelCravat as General Wong Kai HaiPhilip Van Zandt as SenMarvin Press as ChengDayton Lumis as DonaldMcCutcheonWilliam Kerwin as GenePassage 5:Kal: Yesterday and TomorrowKal: Yesterday and Tomorrowis a 2005 Indian Hindi-language thriller drama film written and directed by Ruchi Narain. Produced bySudhir Mishra under Sudhir Mishra Productions, the film features an ensemble cast of Chitrangda Singh,Shiney Ahuja, Smriti Mishra, Ram Kapoor, Malaika Shenoy, Sarika and Boman Irani. Shantanu Moitracomposed the soundtrack and Sneha Khanwalkar composed the title track and the background score.While Prakash Kutty and Ranjeet Bahadur handled cinematography and editing respectively. The film waspremiered at 7th Osian's Cinefan Festival of Asian and Arab Cinema in July 2005 won Indian Critics’Award and released on 16 September 2005.PlotBhavna Dayal and Maya Jalan had been fellow collegiansand close friends, both come from very wealthy families. Bhavna is in love with another ex-fellowcollegian, Tarun Haksar, who also comes from a wealthy family, and is also in love with Bhavna. Theirrespective families' expect both to marry each other. However, Tarun and Maya suddenly announce their"}
{"doc_id":"doc_83","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Hiding PlaceThe Hiding Place or Hiding Place may refer to:FilmThe Hiding Place (Playhouse 90), March 22, 1960 episode of American TV series; based on Robert Shaw's 1959 novelThe Hiding Place (film), 1975 American drama based on the 1971 book by Corrie ten BoomThe Hiding Place, 2000 American drama starring Kim Hunter and Timothy Bottoms, from the play by Mitch GiannunzioThe Hiding Place, 2008 American drama by Jeff WhittyLiteratureThe Hiding Place, 1959 British novel by Robert ShawThe Hiding Place (biography), 1971 memoir by Corrie ten Boom, who hid Dutch Jews during WWIIHiding Place (Wideman novel), 1981 middle volume of \"Homewood Trilogy\" by American John Edgar WidemanThe Hiding Place (Azzopardi novel), 2000 Welsh Booker Prize shortlistThe Hiding Place (Bell novel), 2012 American mysteryMusicHiding Place (band), Scottish rock band, active from 2004 to 2007Hiding Place (Selah album), 2004Hiding Place (Don Moen album), 2006Hiding Place (Tori Kelly album), 2018See alsoNo Hiding Place, 1959–1967 British police detective TV seriesHiding Places, 2019 American album by Brooklyn rapper Billy WoodsPassage 2:Hotel ReserveHotel Reserve is a 1944 British spy film starring James Mason as an innocent man caught up in pre-Second World War espionage. Other cast members include Lucie Mannheim, Raymond Lovell and Herbert Lom. It was based on Eric Ambler's 1938 novel Epitaph for a Spy. Unusually, it was both directed and produced by a trio: Lance Comfort, Mutz Greenbaum and Victor Hanbury. It was shot at Denham Studios with sets designed by the art director William C. Andrews. The film was produced and distributed by the British branch of RKO Pictures.PlotIn 1938, refugee Peter Vadassy decides to take a holiday at the Hotel Reserve to celebrate both his completion of medical school and his impending French citizenship. When he goes to pick up some photographs at the local pharmacy, he is taken away and questioned by Michel Beghin of French naval intelligence. When his negatives had been developed, some of them turned out to be of French military installations. It is discovered that while the camera is the same make as Peter's, the serial number is different. Peter is released on condition that he find out which other hotel guests have cameras like his.Peter does some snooping and eavesdrops on a suspicious conversation between Paul Heimberger and the hotel's proprietor, Madame Suzanne Koch. He searches Heimberger's room and finds several passports, all with different names and nationalities. Heimberger catches him in the act, but eventually matters are straightened out. Heimberger explains that he was originally a Social Democratic newspaper publisher who was anti-Nazi and been sent to a concentration camp for two years. After he was released, he joined an underground movement against the German regime.Peter spots his camera in the pocket of a dressing-gown belonging to Odette and Andre Roux, a couple on their honeymoon. Andre first tries to bribe Peter into giving him the negative and, when that fails, threatens him with a pistol. The police arrive at that moment and arrest Peter for espionage.The Rouxs leave the hotel, but find Heimberger trying to disable the hotel's car. Andre shoots him dead and the couple speed off to Toulon, unaware that they are being tracked by the police. Beghin had known the identity of the spies all along and merely used Peter to further his true goal; to find out who the Rouxs are reporting to. The spy ring is captured. Andre gets away, but is caught on a roof by Peter. Andre slips and falls to his death.CastJames Mason as Peter VadassyLucie Mannheim as Madame Suzanne KochRaymond Lovell as Robert Duclos, a hotel guest given to exaggerationJulien Mitchell as Michel BeghinHerbert Lom as Andre RouxMartin Miller as Walter VogelClare Hamilton as Mary Skelton, a hotel guest who is attracted to Peter. A sister of Maureen O'Hara, her real name was Florrie Fitzsimons. This was her only film appearance.Frederick Valk as Emil Schimler, alias Paul HeimbergerPatricia Medina as Odette RouxAnthony Shaw as Major Anthony Chandon-Hartley, a guestLaurence Hanray as Police Commissioner (as Lawrence Hanray)David Ward as Henri Asticot, a guestValentine Dyall as Warren SkeltonJoseph Almas as Albert, the waiter (as Josef Almas)Patricia Hayes as Servant (waitress)Hella Kürty as Hilda VogelIvor Barnard as P. Molon, the pharmacistErnst Ulman as Detective in Black SuitCritical receptionThe Radio Times noted, \"this subdued thriller, set just before the Second World War, is lifted by James Mason's performance as a ' wronged man',\" and concluded, \"The plot has enough suspense and intrigue built in, but this movie only fitfully comes to life as Mason sets out discover who the real villain is\"; Dennis Schwartz found it \"a visually attractive film, though hampered because it's so slow moving\"; whereas Leonard Maltin thought more "}
{"doc_id":"doc_84","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Yan Yan (Three Kingdoms)Yan Yan (fl. 211–214 A.D.) was a Chinese military general and politician who served under Liu Zhang, the Governor of Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing), during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. Although there is very little information about Yan Yan in historical records, he is given a much prominent role in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms as a general who initially serves under Liu Zhang before switching allegiance to Liu Bei later.LifeYan Yan was from Linjiang County (\u0000\u0000\u0000), Ba Commandery (\u0000\u0000), which is around present-day Zhong County, Chongqing. He served as a military officer in Ba Commandery under Liu Zhang, the Governor of Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing); Ba Commandery was one of the commanderies in Yi Province.In 211, Liu Zhang invited the warlord Liu Bei to lead his troops into Yi Province to help him counter the threat posed by his rival, Zhang Lu, in Hanzhong Commandery. When Yan Yan heard about it, he remarked: \"This is equivalent to sitting on an isolated hill and setting a tiger free to protect oneself!\"Around 212, conflict broke out between Liu Zhang and Liu Bei when the latter turned against his host and tried to seize control of Yi Province. In 214, Liu Bei summoned reinforcements from his base in Jing Province to enter Yi Province and assist him in attacking Liu Zhang. Zhang Fei, a general under Liu Bei, led troops to attack Jiangzhou (\u0000\u0000; around present-day Yuzhong District, Chongqing), which was defended by Yan Yan. Zhang Fei defeated Yan Yan, captured him alive, and asked him: \"When my army showed up, why did you put up resistance instead of surrendering?\" Yan Yan replied: \" You people launched an unwarranted attack on my home province. There may be generals in my province who will lose their heads, but there are none who will surrender.\" Zhang Fei was enraged and he ordered Yan Yan's execution. Yan Yan remained expressionless and said: \"If you want to chop off my head, then do it! What's with that outburst of anger?\" Zhang Fei was so impressed with Yan Yan's courage that he released him and treated him like an honoured guest. Nothing was recorded in history about Yan Yan from this point onwards.In Romance of the Three KingdomsYan Yan has a greater role as a character in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which romanticises the events before and during the Three Kingdoms period. In Chapter 63 of the novel, as in history, he is defeated and captured by Zhang Fei, who initially wants to execute him but changes his mind and spares him after feeling impressed with Yan Yan's strong sense of loyalty. Zhang Fei also manages to convince Yan Yan to switch his allegiance to Liu Bei. Yan Yan appears again later in Chapters 70 and 71, when he joins Huang Zhong to attack Cao Cao's forces at the Battle of Mount Dingjun.See alsoLists of people of the Three KingdomsNotesPassage 2:Marco BortolamiMarco Bortolami ([\u0000marko b\u0000rto\u0000lami]; born 12 June 1980) is a rugby union coach and retired Italian international player, whose career includes experience playing in the national top-level Italian (Petrarca Padova), French (RC Narbonne), and English (Gloucester Rugby) championships, before joining the then recently-born Pro14 (with Aironi Rugby and then Zebre). Praised for his leadership skills, he captained all the teams he played for at professional level. At international level, he also captained the Italian side since 2002 till the 2007 Rugby World Cup, before being replaced in the permanent role by Sergio Parisse. He currently serves as head coach for Benetton Rugby in the United Rugby Championship.Club careerBortolami began his playing career with the team of his native Padua, making his debut as a second row aged only 18.After a two-year spell with RC Narbonne in the French Top14, in the summer of 2006 he joined English Premiership side Gloucester Rugby when he was considered by many to be one of the best players in the world around the time, being selected into the starting team for their first game of the season and immediately taking the role of captain. At Gloucester he made up a formidable partnership with Alex Brown and shared captaincy with Peter Buxton. Due to injuries and his World Cup commitments, the 2007–08 season ended up not being as consistent in performance and he lost the Italian captaincy to Italian No. 8 Sergio Parisse, but continued to put in powerful performances for Gloucester. His outstanding leadership qualities meant he retained captaincy. He made 23 appearances for Gloucester in 2008–09.In 2010 he returned to Italy signing for the new Aironi team which started to compete in the Celtic League from the 2010–11 season. After Aironi folded due to financial problems, Bortolami signed for the new franchise Zebre in the Pro12 for the 2012/13 season.On 7 "}
{"doc_id":"doc_85","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Bernie BonvoisinBernard Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: [b\u0000\u0000na\u0000 b\u0000̃vwaz\u0000̃]), known asBernie Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: [b\u0000\u0000ni b\u0000̃vwaz\u0000̃], born 9 July 1956 in Nanterre,Hauts-de-Seine), is a French hard rock singer and film director. He is best known for having been thesinger of Trust.He was one of the best friends of Bon Scott the singer of AC/DC and together theyrecorded the song \"Ride On\" which was one of the last songs by Bon Scott.External linksBernie Bonvoisinat IMDbPassage 2:Billy MilanoBilly Milano (born June 3, 1964) is an American heavy metal and hardcorepunk musician. He is the singer and occasionally guitarist and bassist of crossover thrash band M.O.D.,and was the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death. Prior to these bands, Milano played inearly New York hardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the career of future Agnostic Frontvocalist Roger Miret. Milano was also the singer of United Forces, which included his Stormtroopers ofDeath bandmate Dan Lilker. Milano managed a number of bands, including Agnostic Front, for whom healso co-produced the 1997 Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give and roadie forAnthrax.DiscographyStormtroopers of Death albumsStormtroopers of Death videosMethod of Destruction(M.O.D.)MasteryPassage 3:Just Playing (Dreams)Just Playing (Dreams) is a promotional single byAmerican hip hop artist The Notorious B.I.G. for his 1994 debut album Ready to Die. It was produced byRashad Smith, and contains a sample of James Brown's \"Blues and Pants\" from Hot Pants. Complexmagazine ranked the song number two on its list of \"The 50 Funniest Rap Songs\".Although the song doesnot appear on the original version of Ready to Die, it appears on the 2004 remasteredversion.BackgroundSome of the lyrics initially appeared on Mary J. Blige's \"What's the 411?\" remix. Thesong was released as a promotional single for Biggie's debut album Ready to Die.Composition\"JustPlaying (Dreams)\" was written by The Notorious B.I.G. and Rashad \"Ringo\" Smith. The song is built on asample of \"Blues and Pants\" written by James Brown, and its production was done by Ringo.In the song,Biggie takes aim at 20 of his favorite R&B singers and lists what he'd like to do to them. The list includesfemale R&B singers Mary J. Blige, Patti LaBelle, Mariah Carey, Chaka Khan, and Rupaul, who didn't takeoffense to the song. However, Raven-Symoné was 8 years old when Biggie rapped the line, “makeRaven-Symoné call date rape.”The R&B quartet Xscape didn't appreciate the song, which contained theline \"those ugly-ass Xscape bitches.\" In a 2009 interview, group member Kandi Burruss said that herbandmate Tameka \"Tiny\" Cottle ran into Biggie on the evening of his death, and he apologized for thelyric.Cover versions and remixesIn 1996, Lil Kim's song \"Dreams Freestyle\" sampled the lyrics of \"JustPlaying\" on her debut studio album Hard Core.In 1996, Mad Skillz, sampled the line “Everybody, move yabody” as the chorus of his song \"Move Ya Body\" on his debut album From Where???In 2015, rapperYoung M.A dropped her \"Dreams Freestyle\" from her debut 13-track mixtape Sleep Walkin.In 2018,rapper Nicki Minaj sampled the song for her studio album Queen in the song \"Barbie Dreams\". The singlereached number 18 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 36 on the UK Singles Chart.Passage 4:TheNotorious B.I.G.Christopher George Latore Wallace (May 21, 1972 – March 9, 1997), better known by hisstage names the Notorious B.I.G., Biggie Smalls, or simply Biggie, was an American rapper. Rooted inEast Coast hip hop and particularly gangsta rap, he is cited in various media lists as one of the greatestrappers of all time. Wallace became known for his distinctive laid-back lyrical delivery, offsetting thelyrics' often grim content. His music was often semi-autobiographical, telling of hardship and criminality,but also of debauchery and celebration.Born and raised in Brooklyn, New York City, Wallace signed toSean \"Puffy\" Combs' label Bad Boy Records as it launched in 1993, and gained exposure through featureson several other artists' singles that year. His debut album Ready to Die (1994) was met with widespreadcritical acclaim, and included his signature songs \"Juicy\" and \"Big Poppa\". The album made him thecentral figure in East Coast hip hop, and restored New York's visibility at a time when the West Coast hiphop scene was dominating hip hop music. Wallace was awarded the 1995 Billboard Music Awards' Rapperof the Year. The following year, he led his protégé group Junior M.A.F.I.A., a team of himself andlongtime friends, including Lil' Kim, to chart success.During 1996, while recording his second album,Wallace became ensnarled in the escalating East Coast–West Coast hip hop feud. Following Tupac"}
{"doc_id":"doc_86","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:World and Time EnoughWorld and Time Enough is a 1994 independent gay-themed romanticcomedy-drama written and directed by Eric Mueller and starring Gregory Giles, Matt Guidry, and KraigSwartz.CastPlotNarrated by their friend David (Swartz), World and Time Enough is the story of Mark(Guidry) and Joey (Giles). Mark is an HIV-positive art student who creates temporary \"sculptures\" ontopics including AIDS, abortion and the Bush economy. Joey works as a garbage collector, picking uptrash along the roadways. He sometimes brings home interesting items that he finds on the job.Mark'smother was killed when he was a child, in a freak accident in a church when she was crushed by a largefalling cross. Since that day, his father has been obsessed with building model cathedrals. Mark and hisfather are somewhat distant and out of touch and Mark reaches out to him through a series of phonecalls, leaving messages on his father's answering machine. Unknown to Mark, his father has died alone inhis home but hasn't yet been discovered.Joey's relationship with his adoptive parents is also strainedbecause of his father's issues with Joey's homosexuality. Although he remains close with his sister, Joeyfeels the need to seek out his birth parents through the adoption social service agency.Mark discovers hisfather's body and in his grief he assumes his father's obsession with cathedral building. Rather than amodel, however, Mark begins work on a full-size cathedral in a local open field.Joey learns the identity ofhis birth parents, but also learns that they have died. He visits their gravesite and says the things therethat he would have told them while they were alive.Mark experiences a vision of his father, who tells himthat he's making a mistake, to go home. Mark feverishly climbs the scaffolding and falls off it to theground. Joey discovers him there.Later, together, out of the scaffolds, surviving bits of Mark's sculpturesand the things Joey's gathered, they build their own \"cathedral.\"ProductionIt was filmed on location inEdina and Minneapolis, Minnesota. The film was made with grants from the National Endowment for theArts, the American Film Institute, and a local film organization. The final budget was about$60,000.ReceptionThe film was generally well-received by critics, although having 2 heterosexual actorsplay romantic leads in an LGBTQ+ film was noted in reviews.AwardsPassage 2:Michael GovanMichaelGovan (born 1963) is the director of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Prior to his current position,Govan worked as the director of the Dia Art Foundation in New York City.Early life and educationGovanwas born in 1963 in North Adams, Massachusetts, and was raised in the Washington D.C. area, attendingSidwell Friends School.He majored in art history and fine arts at Williams College, where he met ThomasKrens, who was then director of the Williams College Museum of Art. Govan became closely involved withthe museum, serving as acting curator as an undergraduate. After receiving his B.A. from Williams in1985, Govan began an MFA in fine arts from the University of California, San Diego.CareerAs atwenty-five year old graduate student, Govan was recruited by his former mentor at Williams, ThomasKrens, who in 1988 had been appointed director of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation. Govanserved as deputy director of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum under Krens from 1988 to 1994, aperiod that culminated in the construction and opening of the Frank Gehry designed Guggenheim branchin Bilbao, Spain. Govan supervised the reinstallation of the museum's permanent collection galleries afterits extensive renovation.Dia Art FoundationFrom 1994 to 2006, Govan was president and director of DiaArt Foundation in New York City. There, he spearheaded the conversion of a Nabisco box factory into the300,000 square foot Dia:Beacon in New York's Hudson Valley, which houses Dia's collection of art fromthe 1960s to the present. Built in a former Nabisco box factory, the critically acclaimed museum has beencredited with catalyzing a cultural and economic revival within the formerly factory-based city of Beacon.Dia's collection nearly doubled in size during Govan's tenure, but he also came under criticism for\"needlessly and permanently\" closing Dia's West 22nd Street building. During his time at Dia, Govan alsoworked closely with artists James Turrell and Michael Heizer, becoming an ardent supporter of RodenCrater and City, the artists' respective site-specific land art projects under construction in the Americansouthwest. Govan successfully lobbied Washington to have the 704,000 acres in central Nevadasurrounding City declared a national monument in 2015.LACMAIn February 2006, a search committeecomposed of eleven LACMA trustees, led by the late Nancy M. Daly, recruited Govan to run the Los"}
{"doc_id":"doc_87","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Salang RiverThe Salang is a 438 kilometre long river of Afghanistan, flowing through ParwanProvince. It is a tributary of the Indus River and the Ghorband River and the Panjshir River and the KabulRiver.GeographyThe Salang River originates on the south side of the central mountains of the Hindu Kushin the north-east of Salang Pass, which links the region to Kabul with the northern part of the country.Itsvalley and the Salang Pass form an important international waterway. It is north–south oriented. TheSalang flows into the Ghorband River at the locality of Jabal Saraj in Parwan. In Jabal Saraj, the averageannual flow module between 1961 and 1964 was about 763 millimeters per year, which is considered ahigh rate.Passage 2:Pigna Barney RiverPigna Barney River, a partly perennial river of the Manning Rivercatchment, is located in the Upper Hunter district of New South Wales, Australia.Course andfeaturesPigna Barney River rises on the eastern slopes of Mount Royal Range, south of the locale ofGlenrock, and flows generally east by south before reaching its confluence with the Manning River, southof Mount Myra. The river descends 818 metres (2,684 ft) over its 40 kilometres (25 mi) course.SeealsoRivers of New South WalesList of rivers of New South Wales (L–Z)List of rivers of AustraliaPassage3:Trubizh RiverThe Trubizh (Ukrainian: Трубі́ж, Russian: Трубе́ж) is a river entirely located in Ukraine, aleft tributary of Dnieper. It falls into the Dnieper's Kaniv Reservoir (named after Kaniv). It is 113kilometres (70 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 4,700 square kilometres (1,800 sq mi).Major cities:Pereiaslav.Passage 4:Tesechoacan RiverThe Tesechoacan River is a river of Mexico in Veracruz state.It isformed where the Cajones River joins the Manso River, both flowing eastward from the Sierra Madre deOaxaca and is a tributary of the Papaloapan River.See alsoList of rivers of MexicoPassage 5:Lunga River(Zambia)The Lunga River is the name of two rivers in Zambia. One is a tributary of the Kafue River andthe other a tributary of the Kabompo River, both of which are tributaries of the Zambezi.Passage6:Yadboro RiverYadboro River, a perennial river of the Clyde River catchment, is located in the SouthernTablelands and the upper ranges of the South Coast regions of New South Wales, Australia.Course andfeaturesYadboro River rises below Currockbilly Mountain on the eastern slopes of the Budawang Rangewithin Budawang National Park, east northeast of Braidwood, and flows generally northerly parallel to therange, then east, joined by one minor tributary before reaching its confluence with the Clyde River atCampus Head, near Yadboro Flat. The river descends 965 metres (3,166 ft) over its 26 kilometres (16mi) course.See alsoRivers of New South WalesList of rivers of New South Wales (L–Z)List of rivers ofAustraliaPassage 7:Peters Creek (Pennsylvania)Peters Creek is a 16.8-mile-long (27.0 km) tributary ofthe Monongahela River and part of the Ohio River and Mississippi River watersheds, flowing throughsouthwestern Pennsylvania in the United States.Variant namesAccording to the Geographic NamesInformation System, it has also been known historically as:Peter's CreekCoursePeters Creek starts inNottingham Township in Washington County and runs generally northerly until it joins the MonongahelaRiver at Clairton in Allegheny County.WatershedThe Peters Creek watershed is a diverse fifty squaremiles in southwestern Allegheny County and northeastern Washington County. From the heavy industryin the east where Peters Creek enters the Monongahela River, to the commercial northeast, the suburbannorthern communities, and the still rural and farming south, the watershed is a veritable patchwork ofland use types. There is also a county park, a turnpike, a landfill, and a coal mining legacy to add to themix. Some communities are relatively stable while others are undergoing rapid development. PetersCreek and its tributaries provide utility to them all in a myriad of ways.TributariesLewis Run, in JeffersonHillsBeam's Run, in Jefferson HillsLick Run, in South Park TownshipPiney Fork Run, in South ParkTownshipPeters Creek also collects numerous unnamed tributaries along its course.Water quality andrecreationBecause of past water quality issues, Peters Creek was not considered to have any recreationalpurpose, but since the 1990s the water quality has improved dramatically. Once plagued with garbageand acid mine drainage, the water quality is now high enough to support its own fish population, whichincludes trout, bass, catfish, carp, and bluegill.  It is now again possible to enjoy the stream through suchactivities as fishing, swimming, and during high water, kayaking. There is also a new bike trail that runsalong its bank, formerly part of the Montour Railroad.See alsoList of rivers of PennsylvaniaPassage"}
{"doc_id":"doc_88","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:George Gordon, 2nd Earl of HuntlyGeorge Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly (died 8 June 1501) wasa Scottish nobleman and Chancellor of Scotland from 1498 to 1501.LifeGeorge was the son of Alexander(Seton) Gordon, 1st Earl of Huntly and his second wife Elizabeth Crichton, daughter of William Crichton,1st Lord Crichton. George is first mentioned by name in 1441 when the lands which later became part ofthe Earldom were settled on him and his heirs. George was almost certainly born shortly before this time,c. 1441 as his parents married before 18 March 1439–40.In his contract with Elizabeth Dunbar, Countessof Moray, dated 20 May 1455 he is styled the Master of Huntley. He is addressed as \"Sir George Seton,knight\", in a royal precept dated 7 March 1456–7, and in a crown charter dated a year later he uses thename of Gordon for the first time, indicating he had assumed that surname. As George, Lord Gordon, hewas keeper of the castles of Kildrummy, Kindrochat and Inverness. He succeeded his father as Earl ofHuntly c. 15 July 1470.Shortly after becoming Earl of Huntly he was involved with the Earl of Ross in aprivate war in which the king, James III of Scotland, interceded. Ross was charged with treason, but afterrefusing a summons from the king, was outlawed. One of the expeditions sent against the errant Earl ofRoss was led by Alexander. After he captured Dingwall Castle and pressed his army into Lochaber, Rossrelented and sought pardon for his actions from the king. In 1479 he was justiciary north of the RiverForth, one of his primary duties was the suppression of feuds between Highland clans. In 1497 GeorgeGordon was appointed High Chancellor of Scotland, the honour probably bestowed at the same time ashis daughter Catherine married Perkin Warbeck, an adventurer in favour with King James IV of Scotland.George was Chancellor until 1500. George, the second earl, died at Stirling Castle on 8 June1501.FamilyOn 20 May 1455, George Gordon was married by contract to Lady Elizabeth Dunbar,daughter of James Dunbar, 7th Earl of Moray. The marriage was annulled due to affinity, before March1459–60; the couple had no children.George secondly married, before March 1459–60, PrincessAnnabella of Scotland, youngest daughter of King James I of Scotland and Joan Beaufort (thegranddaughter of John of Gaunt). After several years of marriage, the Earl of Gordon institutedproceedings to have this marriage annulled as well, on the grounds that Princess Annabella was related inthe third and fourth degrees of consanguinity to his first wife, Elizabeth Dunbar, and the marriage wasdissolved on 24 July 1471.George Gordon had a number of children, but with few exceptions, thereremains no clear consensus as to which child was of the second marriage and which was of the third:LadyIsabella Gordon (d. 1485), wife of William Hay, 3rd Earl of Erroll (d. 1507).Alexander Gordon, 3rd Earl ofHuntly (died 21 January 1523/24)Adam Gordon, who married Lady Elizabeth de Moravia, daughter andheir of John de Moravia, 8th Earl of Sutherland, and in her right became Countess of Sutherland after herbrother's death. Their son was Alexander Gordon, Master of Sutherland.William Gordon, who marriedJanet Ogilvy and was the ancestor of the Gordons of Gight, from whom Lord Byron was adescendant.James Gordon, mentioned in an entail in 1498.Lady Janet Gordon, who married firstly,Alexander Lindsay, Master of Crawfurd; secondly, Patrick, Master of Gray (annulled); thirdly, PatrickButtar of Gormark; and fourthly, James Halkerston of Southwood. She died before February 1559.LadyElizabeth Gordon, mother was Annabella, who was contracted to marry William Keith, 3rd Earl Marischal,in 1481.George obtained an annulment from his second marriage on 24 July 1471. He then married,thirdly, his mistress, Lady Elizabeth Hay, daughter of William Hay, 1st Earl of Erroll, and swore a solemnoath to have no 'actual delen' with the lady until after they were married. He married Elizabeth Hay on 12May 1476, and they had the following children:Lady Catherine Gordon (died October 1537), probably adaughter of Elizabeth Hay, she married firstly, Perkin Warbeck (d. 1499), notorious for claiming to beRichard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, one of the young princes who disappeared from history in theTower of London; she married secondly, James Strangeways of Fyfield (d. 1515); she married thirdly,Matthew Cradock of Swansea (d. 1531); and she married fourthly, Christopher Assheton of Fyfield. Shewas well received at the court of King Henry VII of England, who styled her \"the White Rose.\" She had noissue by any of her four husbands.Lady Eleanor GordonLady Agnes GordonNotesPassage 2:Hubba bintHulailHubba bint Hulail (Arabic: \u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000) was the grandmother of Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf,"}
{"doc_id":"doc_89","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Jason Moore (director)Jason Moore (born October 22, 1970) is an American director of film,theatre and television.Life and careerJason Moore was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas, and studied atNorthwestern University. Moore's Broadway career began as a resident director of Les Misérables at theImperial Theatre in during its original run. He is the son of Fayetteville District Judge Rudy Moore.InMarch 2003, Moore directed the musical Avenue Q, which opened Off-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatreand then moved to Broadway at the John Golden Theatre in July 2003.  He was nominated for a 2004Tony Award for his direction. Moore also directed productions of the musical in Las Vegas and London andthe show's national tour. Moore directed the 2005 Broadway revival of Steel Magnolias and Shrek theMusical, starring Brian d'Arcy James and Sutton Foster which opened on Broadway in 2008. He directedthe concert of Jerry Springer — The Opera at Carnegie Hall in January 2008.Moore, Jeff Whitty, JakeShears, and John \"JJ\" Garden worked together on a new musical based on Armistead Maupin's Tales ofthe City. The musical premiered at the American Conservatory Theater, San Francisco, California in May2011 and ran through July 2011.For television, Moore has directed episodes of Dawson's Creek, One TreeHill, Everwood, and Brothers & Sisters. As a writer, Moore adapted the play The Floatplane Notebookswith Paul Fitzgerald from the novel by Clyde Edgerton. A staged reading of the play was presented at theNew Play Festival at the Charlotte, North Carolina Repertory Theatre in 1996, with a fully stagedproduction in 1998.In 2012, Moore made his film directorial debut with Pitch Perfect, starring AnnaKendrick and Brittany Snow. He also served as an executive producer on the sequel. He directed the filmSisters, starring Tina Fey and Amy Poehler, which was released on December 18, 2015. Moore's nextproject will be directing a live action Archie movie.FilmographyFilmsPitch Perfect (2012)Sisters(2015)Shotgun Wedding (2022)TelevisionSoundtrack writerPitch Perfect 2 (2015) (Also executiveproducer)The Voice (2015) (1 episode)Passage 2:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director offilm and TV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction(1980)Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring ofScorpio (1990) (mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TVmovie)Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)The DoctorBlake Mysteries (2013)Passage 3:Now Where Did the 7th Company Get to?Now Where Did the 7thCompany Get To? (French: Mais où est donc passée la septième compagnie?) is a 1973 French-Italiancomedy war film directed by Robert Lamoureux. The film portrays the adventures of a French Army squadlost somewhere on the front in May 1940 during the Battle of France.PlotDuring the Battle of France,while German forces are spreading across the country, the 7th Transmission Company suffers an air raidnear the Machecoul woods, but survive and hide in the woods. Captain Dumont, the companycommander, sends Louis Chaudard, Pithiviers and Tassin to scout the area. After burying the radio cablebeneath a sandy road, the squad crosses the field, climbs a nearby hill, and takes position within acemetery. One man cut down the wrong tree for camouflage, pulling up the radio cable and revealing it tothe passing German infantry. The Germans cut the cable, surround the woods, and order a puzzled 7thCompany to surrender. The squad tries to contact the company, but then witness their capture and runaway.Commanded by Staff Sergeant Chaudard, the unit stops in a wood for the night. Pithiviers iscontent to slow down and wait for the end of the campaign. The next day, he goes for a swim in the lake,in sight of possible German fighters. When Chaudard and Tassin wake up, they leave the camp withouttheir weapons to look for Pithiviers. Tassin finds him and gives an angry warning, but Pithiviers convincesTassin to join him in the lake. Chaudard orders them to get out, but distracted by a rabbit, falls into thelake. While Chaudard teaches his men how to swim, two German fighter planes appear, forcing them outof the water. After shooting down one of the German planes, a French pilot, Lieutenant Duvauchel, makesan emergency landing and escapes before his plane explodes. PFC Pithiviers, seeing the bad shape of oneof his shoes, destroys what is left of his shoe sole. Tassin is sent on patrol to get food and a new pair ofshoes for Pithiviers. Tassin arrives in a farm, but only finds a dog, so he returns and Chaudard goes tothe farm after nightfall. The farmer returns with her daughter-in-law and Lt Duvauchel, and she"}
{"doc_id":"doc_90","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Ludwig II (2012 film)Ludwig II is a 2012 German-Austrian historical film directed by PeterSehr and Marie Noëlle, starring Sabin Tambrea as the younger Bavarian King Ludwig II and SebastianSchipper as the king in his later years.PlotCrown Prince Ludwig suffers under the authoritarian educationof his father King Maximilian II and has no interest in his militaristic attitude. In addition, because of hislove for music and the fine arts, Ludwig repeatedly incurs the displeasure of his father. For Ludwig, art ismore important than daily bread.Maximilian II dies unexpectedly of erysipelas, so Ludwig, full of idealism,ascends the Bavarian throne at the age of 18. At a time when war and poverty are omnipresent, hebelieves in a better world and wants to use his power to ensure that his people can live in peace andhappiness. He wants his kingdom to become a place where beauty, art and culture will flourish; instead ofweapons, Ludwig wants to invest public money in theatre, music and education.He spends his free timewith his young cousin, Sophie, the sister of the Austrian Empress Sissi. With her he can philosophiseabout music and the beauty of the world. Moreover, he has all of his rooms in the castle remodelled anddesigned according to his ideas.He loves Richard Wagner's operas, and his passion and admiration for thecontroversial composer's works and their legends are so great that he wants to bring Wagner to his court.To achieve this, he instructs the well-known music lover Johann von Lutz to track down Wagner and bringhim to his court. He awaits the arrival of his idol impatiently and receives him with great respect. Hesettles Wagner's debts and obtains a pardon for the revolutionary and politically persecuted composer.However, his ministers rebel against his expensive sponsorship of the composer.At first, Ludwig throwshimself into political business with enthusiasm. He initiates a school reform and distributesmusicalinstruments instead of weapons to his young cadets. He is of the opinion that if Bavaria should ever beattacked, the sound of Wagner's music will immediately disarm them. Even a conversation with hiscousin, Elisabeth of Austria, who wants to ask for help in preventing Prussia from waging war againstAustria, fails because of his naive belief that music alone is capable of keeping people's hearts in apeaceful .Ludwig's ministers are not satisfied with the power that Wagner's ideas seem to have over theyoung king. Ludwig increasingly neglects the affairs of government. The news of an impending warreaches him while he is on the road with Wagner in the Bavarian mountains. The composer suggests thathe replace the ministers who now want to go to war. They in turn threaten to resign from their positions ifLudwig does not part with Wagner and his influence. Since the king fears for his friend's life, he urges himto leave Bavaria. He realises that circumstances are against him, and his beloved kingdom gets involvedin the war with Prussia against his will. Disheartened, and showing first signs of delusional illnesses,Ludwig withdraws from public life.The news of the defeat of his army hits him hard, since he has spentthe money that was intended for modern rifles on musical instruments. His stable master, RichardHornig, is at his side and is willing to support him, but Ludwig does not want to admit his affection formen. In order to deal with the war defeat, he travels his country and shows himself to his people.Moreover, he plans his wedding with Sophie because he is convinced that the people expect this fromhim. As part of the wedding preparations, Wagner arrives at court again to take over the musical design.As a result, Ludwig meets a young singer, Heinrich Vogel, whom he wants to hear singing as Lohengrin,which incurs Wagner's displeasure.Sophie demands proof of love in the form of a kiss from her futurehusband. This leads to a scandal, and Ludwig cancels his already planned and longed-for weddingbecause he realises that, due to his homosexuality, which he does not confess to her or to others, hecannot have more than friendship with his fiancée. In a letter, he asks Sophie's forgiveness andunderstanding. In his opinion, she has the right to be happy, which would not be possible at his side inthe long run.In addition to those private problems, political events are catching up with him again.Bavaria's defeat by Prussia forces the country to enter the 1870-71 war against France as a compulsoryally of Otto von Bismarck. Bismarck's efforts to create an all-German empire, headed by an emperor,destroys the dream of a sovereign Bavarian kingdom continuing to exist. Ludwig's brother Otto suffers anervous breakdown and has to be taken to a sanatorium. The attending physician assumes that Otto willnot recover from his mental derangement. Ludwig promises to build his brother a castle where he can be"}
{"doc_id":"doc_91","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Jesse E. HobsonJesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director ofSRI International from 1947 to 1955. Prior to SRI, he was the director of the Armour ResearchFoundation.Early life and educationHobson was born in Marshall, Indiana. He received bachelor's andmaster's degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electrical engineering fromthe California Institute of Technology. Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstandingengineer.Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had fivechildren.CareerAwards and membershipsHobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948.Passage 2:BobbyColemanRobert Moorhouse \"Bobby\" Coleman III (born May 5, 1997) is an American actor.  He is bestknown for his roles as a child actor in the films Martian Child (2007), as the title character, and The LastSong (2010).Life and careerRobert Coleman was born in Los Angeles, California, the son of Doris Bergand Robert Moorhouse Coleman Jr. He is the younger brother of actress Holliston Coleman, and lives withhis family in the Los Angeles area.Coleman began acting at the age of five in commercials, and has sinceappeared in several film and television productions. He had brief appearances in a number of series suchas Medium and JAG, before moving into film roles. He appeared in the feature films Must Love Dogs andFriends with Money, and also had a recurring role in the television series Surface, before taking leadingroles in the films Glass House: The Good Mother and Take. He played the title lead role in the film MartianChild, his second role alongside John Cusack and is set to appear with his sister in Proving Ground: Fromthe Adventures of Captain Redlocks, in which he will play the younger brother of his real-life sister. Theyare both set to star together again in the science-fiction adventure film, Robosapien: Rebooted. Heappeared in the 2010 film The Last Song as Jonah Miller, the younger brother of Miley Cyrus'scharacter.FilmographyAwards2008 Young Artist AwardBest Performance in a Feature Film - Young ActorAge Ten or Younger for Martian Child — NominatedPassage 3:Martian ChildMartian Child is a 2007American comedy-drama film directed by Menno Meyjes and based on David Gerrold's 1994 novelette(not the expanded 2002 novel) of the same name. The film stars John Cusack as a writer who adopts astrange young boy (Bobby Coleman) who believes himself to be from Mars. The film was theatricallyreleased on November 2, 2007, by New Line Cinema.PlotDavid Gordon, a popular science fiction author,widowed two years prior as they were trying to adopt a child, is finally matched with a young boy,Dennis. Initially hesitant to adopt alone, he is drawn to him, seeing aspects of himself in him.Believing heis from Mars, Dennis protects himself from the sun's harmful rays, wears weights to counter Earth's weakgravity, eats only Lucky Charms, and hangs upside down to facilitate circulation. He refers often to hismission to study Earth and its people, taking pictures, taking things to catalog, and spending timeconsulting an ambiguous toy-like device with flashing lights that produces seemingly unintelligiblewords.Once David decides to adopt Dennis, he spends time getting to know him, patiently coaxing himout of the large cardboard box he hides in. Soon, David is cleared to take Dennis home and meet David'sdog, \"Somewhere.\" In Dennis's bedroom is a projector of the solar system that he pronounces inaccurate.With the help of his friend Harlee and sister Liz, David tries to help Dennis overcome his delusion by bothindulging it and encouraging him to act like everyone else. Dennis attends school but is quickly expelledfor repeatedly 'stealing' items for his collection. Frustrated, David tells Liz that perhaps Dennis is fromMars.Meanwhile, David's literary agent, Jeff, pushes him to finish writing his commissioned sequel, whichis due soon. He struggles to make time for writing, regularly pulled away from it to deal with Dennis.While sitting down to write, the flash from Dennis's Polaroid camera catches him off-guard and heaccidentally breaks some glass. David picks Dennis up and carries him across the room. Upset by David'sabrupt action, the boy fears he is going to be sent away. David explains that he was just worried he'd getcut by the glass and that he loves him more than his material possessions. Assuring him that he willnever send him away, he encourages Dennis to break more things. They move to the kitchen and breakdishes and then spray ketchup and dish detergent at each other. Lefkowitz, from Social Services, appearsin the window and sees the mayhem. He rebukes David, setting up a case review.David encouragesDennis to be from Mars only at home; though he must be from Earth everywhere else. Passing his"}
{"doc_id":"doc_92","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Dana BlanksteinDana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of theSam Spiegel Film and Television School. She was appointed by the board of directors  in November2019.  Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television. She is a film director,and an Israeli culture entrepreneur.BiographyDana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatredirector Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein. She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in TelAviv.Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with highhonors. During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina'sTragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners.  She also directed and shot 'the making of' film onGavison's film Lost and Found. Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival,2007.Film and academic careerAfter her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and televisiondepartment at the Kfar Saba municipality. The department encouraged and promoted productions filmedin the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educational communityactivities.Blankstein directed the mini-series \"Tel Aviviot\" (2012). From 2016-2019 was the director ofthe Israeli Academy of Film and Television.In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed thenew director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees the Sam SpiegelInternational Film Lab. In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and the filmpreparatory program for Arabic speakers in east Jerusalem.FilmographyTel Aviviot (mini-series; director,2012)Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)Camping (debut film,Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)Passage 2:Richard T. JonesRichard Timothy Jones (bornJanuary 16, 1972) is an American actor. He has worked extensively in both film and televisionproductions since the early 1990s. His television roles include Ally McBeal (1997), Judging Amy(1998–2005), CSI: Miami (2006), Girlfriends (2007), Grey's Anatomy (2010), Hawaii Five-0(2011–2014), Narcos (2015), and Criminal Minds (2017). Since 2018, he has played Police SergeantWade Grey on the ABC police drama The Rookie.His film roles include portrayals of Lamont Carr inDisney's Full Court Miracle (2003), Laveinio \"Slim\" Hightower in Rick Famuyiwa's coming-of-age film TheWood (1999), Mike in Tyler Perry's dramatic films Why Did I Get Married? (2007) and Why Did I GetMarried Too? (2010), and Captain Russell Hampton in the Hollywood blockbuster Godzilla (2014).EarlylifeJones was born in Kobe, Japan, to American parents and grew up in Carson, California. He is the sonof Lorene, a computer analyst, and Clarence Jones, a professional baseball player who at the time ofJones' birth was playing for the Nankai Hawks in Osaka. He has an older brother, Clarence Jones Jr., whoworks as a high school basketball coach. They would return to North America after Clarence's retirementfollowing the 1978 season. His parents later divorced. Jones attended Bishop Montgomery High School inTorrance, California, then graduated from Tuskegee University.CareerSince the early 1990s, Jones hasworked in both film and television productions.His first television role was in a 1993 episode of the seriesCalifornia Dreams. That same year, he appeared as Ike Turner, Jr. in What's Love Got to Do with It. From1999 to 2005, he starred as Bruce Calvin van Exel in the CBS legal drama series Judging Amy.Over thenext two decades, Jones starred or guest-starred in high-profile television series such as Ally McBeal(1997), CSI: Miami (2006), Girlfriends (2007), Grey's Anatomy (2010), Hawaii Five-0 (2011–2014),Narcos (2015), and Criminal Minds (2017).His film roles include portrayals of Lamont Carr in the Disneyfilm Full Court Miracle (2003), Laveinio \"Slim\" Hightower in Rick Famuyiwa's coming-of-age film TheWood (1999), and Mike in Tyler Perry's dramatic films Why Did I Get Married? (2007) and Why Did I GetMarried Too? (2010), and Captain Russell Hampton in the Hollywood blockbuster Godzilla (2014).From2017 to 2018, Jones played Detective Tommy Cavanaugh in the CBS drama series Wisdom of theCrowd.Since February 2018, Jones has played the role of Sergeant Wade Gray in the ABC policeprocedural drama series The Rookie with Nathan Fillion.Personal lifeJoshua Media Ministries claims that itsleader, David E. Taylor, mentors Jones in ministry, and that Jones has donated $1 million to itsefforts.FilmographyFilmTelevisionPassage 3:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and"}
{"doc_id":"doc_93","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Alexandru CristeaAlexandru Cristea (1890–1942) was the composer of the music for \"LimbaNoastră\", current national anthem of Moldova.BiographyA choir director, a composer and music teacher.Taught at the  \"Vasile Kormilov\" music school (1928) with Gavriil Afanasiu and the  \"Unirea\"Conservatory (1927–1929) in Chişinău with Alexandru Antonovschi (canto), he was the master of vocalmusic from Chişinău (1920–1940), professor of music and conductor of the choir in the boys gymnasium\"Ion Heliade Rădulescu\" in Bucure\u0000ti (1940–1941). Later, between 1941 and 1942, he directed the choirat the \"Queen Mother Elena\" high school from Chişinău. In 1920, he was ordained as a deacon of the St.George Church in Chişinău, from 1927 to 1941 was a deacon holds the Metropolitan Cathedral ofChişinău.CreationHis main creation is considered the music for \"Limba Noastră\", current national anthemof Moldova, composed in the lyrics of the priest-poet Alexei Mateevici. He was awarded the “Răsplatamuncii pentru biserică”.Passage 2:Karl Wilhelm (conductor)Karl Wilhelm, also Carl Wilhelm (5 September1815, Schmalkalden – 26 August 1873, Schmalkalden) was a German choral director. He is best knownas the composer of the music of the song “Die Wacht am Rhein.”BiographyWilhelm was born inSchmalkalden. He studied at Cassel under Louis Spohr, and then in Frankfurt am Main with Aloys Schmittand A. André. From 1841 to 1864 he was the director of the Krefeld Liedertafel for which he composednumerous male choruses. In Krefeld in 1854 he set to words “Die Wacht am Rhein,” the poem MaxSchneckenburger wrote in 1840. In recognition of the success and the national importance of this song,he received the title of “Royal Prussian Musical Director” in 1860, and four years later received a goldmedal from Queen (later Empress) Augusta.On 24 June 1871, he received a personal acknowledgementfrom Chancellor of the German Empire Otto von Bismarck. In the same year, he received an annual giftfrom the government of 3,000 marks, which was then more than four times a typical salary.From 1865on, Wilhelm worked as the director of the music society in Schmalkalden, where he died eight yearslater.NotesPassage 3:Pydimarri Venkata Subba RaoPydimarri Venkata Subba Rao (10 June 1916 – 1988)was a Telugu author who is best remembered as the composer of the National Pledge of India.Writer andpolyglotSubba Rao was a native of Anneparthy village in the Nalgonda District of Telangana. He was apolyglot, having mastered Sanskrit, Telugu, English and Arabic. He was also a naturopathy doctor and abureaucrat who wrote several books in Telugu, the most famous of which is the novelKalabhairavudu.Composer of the National PledgeSubba Rao composed the National Pledge in Telugu in1962 while he was serving as the District Treasury Officer of Vishakhapatnam District of Andhra Pradesh.He was a close associate of the nationalist leader Tenneti Viswanadham, who forwarded the pledge to thethen Education Minister of Andhra Pradesh, P.V.G. Raju who was also known as the Raja Saheb ofVizianagaram. Raju directed all the schools in the district to have the students take the pledge and it wassubsequently taken up at the national level. The Advisory Committee of the Department of Education,Government of India at its meeting in Bangalore in 1964 decided to introduce the pledge in all schoolsnationally from 26 January 1965. The Government of India had it translated into seven languages anddirected that it be taken in schools every day.  Curiously, Subba Rao himself remained unaware of thestatus of this pledge as the National Pledge. It was only when, after his retirement, he happened to hearhis granddaughter read the pledge from a textbook that he and his family realised this. The records withthe Union Human Resources Development Ministry also record him as the author of the Pledge althoughhis family's letters to the central and state governments remained unanswered until his death in1988.Golden Jubilee Celebrations2012 marks the golden jubilee year of the National Pledge and there areplans afoot to commemorate it and the author as part of the celebrations.Passage 4:AlexanderCourageAlexander Mair Courage Jr. (December 10, 1919 – May 15, 2008) familiarly known as \"Sandy\"Courage, was an American orchestrator, arranger, and composer of music, primarily for television andfilm. He is best known as the composer of the theme music for the original Star Trek series.EarlylifeCourage was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He received a music degree from the Eastman Schoolof Music in Rochester, New York, in 1941. He served in the United States Army Air Forces in the westernUnited States during the Second World War. During that period, he also found the time to compose music"}
{"doc_id":"doc_94","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Don River (North Queensland)The Don River is a river in North Queensland, Australia.Course and featuresThe Don River rises in the Clarke Range, part of the Great Dividing Range, below Mount Roundhill and west of Proserpine. The river flows generally north by northeast through the Eungella National Park and is joined by thirteen minor tributaries, towards its mouth and empties into the Coral Sea north of Bowen. With a catchment area of 1,200 square kilometres (460 sq mi), the river descends 253 metres (830 ft) over its 60-kilometre (37 mi) course.High salinity levels have been recorded at the mouth of the river. Land use in the upper catchment is mostly beef cattle production with crops grown in the richer soils downstream.The river is crossed by the Bruce Highway via the Don River Bridge at Bowen.FloodingThe highest recorded flood was in 1970 when the river reached 7.25 metres (23.8 ft) at the Bowen Pumping Station. The river delta is particularly vulnerable to flooding during cyclones.Floods in 2008 left deposits of sand which raised the riverbed considerably. Approval to dredge sand was granted by the Queensland Government, however only about half of that has been removed in recent years. A flood in 2008 lead the Whitsunday Regional Council to create a channel so that similar flooding could be avoided.A management plan for the river was established late in 2008.  It included measures to encourage further sand extraction.See alsoList of rivers of Australia § QueenslandPassage 2:Bowen River (Queensland)The Bowen River is a river in North Queensland, Australia.Course and featuresFormed by the confluence of the Broken River and the Little Bowen River near Tent Hill in the Normanby Range, part of the Great Dividing Range, the Bowen River flows in a north-westerly direction along the base of the range then flows west across Emu Plains and is crossed by the Bowen Developmental Road just north of Havilah. The river then flows north-west again between the Herbert Range and Leichhardt Range then discharges into the Burdekin River, south southeast of Ravenswood. The river descends 98 metres (322 ft) over its 129-kilometre (80 mi) course.The catchment area of the river occupies 9,452 square kilometres (3,649 sq mi) of which an area of 236 square kilometres (91 sq mi) is composed of riverine wetlands. The catchment is in poor condition with much of the riparian habitat having been cleared and prone to erosion. The area is mostly used for cattle grazing with the towns of Collinsville and Glendon both drawing their town water supply from the Bowen River Weir. The river has a mean annual discharge of 1,618 gigalitres (3.56×1011 imp gal; 4.27×1011 US gal).The Bowen River Weir supplies water to a coal mine, power station and the township of Collinsville.HistoryThe river was named in 1861 by the Queensland Government, derived from the name of the town Bowen which was named in honour of Sir George Bowen, a  Governor of Queensland.In the 1860s, Richard Daintree made mineral discoveries along the river. Daintree made the first systematic examination of the Bowen River coal seams near Collinsville.Circa 1865, the Bowen River Hotel was built at the top of a steep bank of the river (20.534°S 147.5562°E\u0000 / -20.534; 147.5562\u0000 (Bowen River Hotel)). The hotel is now listed on the Queensland Heritage Register.Construction of the Bowen River Weir commenced in April 1982 and was completed in August 1983. The A$6.5 million project is situated approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Collinsville and delivers water to the Newlands Coal Mine.See alsoList of rivers of Australia § QueenslandPassage 3:Alder Creek (Siskiyou County, California)Alder Creek is a  river located in Siskiyou County, California.Passage 4:Bighead RiverThe Bighead River is a river in Grey County in southern Ontario, Canada, that flows from the Niagara Escarpment between the communities along Ontario Highway 10 of Arnott and Holland Centre in the township of Chatsworth to empty into Nottawasaga Bay, an inlet of Georgian Bay on Lake Huron, at Meaford.The river crosses the Bruce Trail in the valley between the Spey River Forest Area and the Walters Falls Conservation Area.TributariesEast Minniehill Creek (right)Minniehill Creek (right)Rocklyn Creek (right)Walters Creek (right)See alsoList of rivers of OntarioPassage 5:Aibiki RiverThe Aibiki River (\u0000\u0000\u0000, Aibiki-gawa) is a river located in Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan.NameThe river is named \"Aibiki\" (roughly translating as \"mutual pulling\") because both its source and its mouth are in the Seto Inland Sea. During low tide, the river flows towards both the mouth and the origin, making it seem like it is being pulled both ways.It is also said that the name came about during the Battle of Yashima, which was fought between the Minamoto and Taira clans.Passage 6:Haughton RiverThe Haughton River is a river in North Queensland, "}
{"doc_id":"doc_95","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Jesse E. HobsonJesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director ofSRI International from 1947 to 1955. Prior to SRI, he was the director of the Armour ResearchFoundation.Early life and educationHobson was born in Marshall, Indiana. He received bachelor's andmaster's degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electrical engineering fromthe California Institute of Technology. Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstandingengineer.Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had fivechildren.CareerAwards and membershipsHobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948.Passage 2:The Time,the Place and the Girl (1946 film)The Time, the Place and the Girl is a 1946 American musical filmdirected in Technicolor by David Butler. It is unrelated to the 1929 film The Time, the Place and theGirl.PlotSteve and Jeff are about to open a nightclub when a man named Martin Drew who representsconductor Ladislaus Cassel claims that Cassel, who is living next door, objects to the club's music andthat it disturbs his granddaughter, Victoria, an aspiring opera singer.It turns out that Cassel himself isfine with the club but Vicki's grandmother Lucia is against it. Cassel also urges Vicki not to marry Andrew,her fiance, without being certain. After she meets Steve, she is attracted to him. Steve has a girlfriend,Elaine Winters, who is trying to persuade John Braden, a rich Texan, to finance the club. Elaine is upsetabout Vicki's presence and threatens to marry Braden.Jeff and his girlfriend, singer Sue Jackson, hope toget a new show off the ground, but both Vicky's grandmother and Steve's girl Elaine keep interfering.Cassel offers to finance the show provided Vicky can be in it. Lucia is livid until she reluctantly attends theshow, at which she is charmed and gives her approval.CastSoundtrack\"A Rainy Night in Rio\"'Music byArthur SchwartzLyrics by Leo RobinPerformed by Jack Carson, Dennis Morgan, Janis Page and MarthaVickers (dubbed by Sally Sweetland)\"Oh, But I Do\"Music by Arthur SchwartzLyrics by Leo RobinSung byDennis Morgan\"A Gal in Calico\" (Nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song of 1948)Musicby Arthur SchwartzLyrics by Leo RobinPerformed by Dennis Morgan, Jack Carson, Martha Vickers (dubbedby Sally Sweetland) and chorus\"Through a Thousand Dreams\"Music by Arthur SchwartzLyrics by LeoRobin\"A Solid Citizen of the Solid South\"Music by Arthur SchwartzLyrics by Leo RobinPerformed by JackCarson and the Condos Brothers\"I Happened to Walk Down First Street\"Music by Arthur SchwartzLyricsby Leo RobinBox officeAccording to Warner Bros. records, it was the studio's most financially successfulfilm of 1946–47, earning $3,461,000 domestically and $1,370,000 in foreign territories.Passage 3:TheDivine NymphThe Divine Nymph (Italian: Divina creatura) is a 1975 Italian drama film directed byGiuseppe Patroni Griffi and starring Laura Antonelli, Marcello Mastroianni, Michele Placido and TerenceStamp. It was entered into the 26th Berlin International Film Festival. It was distributed in the U.S. byAnalysis Film Releasing Corp.PlotDuring the Roaring Twenties, a beautiful woman (Laura Antonelli) isengaged to one man, but has an affair with both a young nobleman (Terence Stamp) and later his cousin(Marcello Mastroianni), playing them against each other.CastLaura Antonelli - Manoela RoderighiTerenceStamp - Dany di BagnascoMichele Placido - Martino GhiondelliDuilio Del Prete - ArmelliniEttore Manni -Marco PisaniCarlo Tamberlani - Majordomo PasqualinoCecilia Polizzi - Dany's MaidPiero Di Iorio -Cameriere di StefanoMarina Berti - Manoela's AuntDoris Duranti - Signora FonesMarcello Mastroianni -Michele BarraTina AumontRita SilvaCorrado AnnicelliGino CassaniSee alsoList of Italian films of1975Passage 4:Giuseppe Patroni GriffiGiuseppe Patroni Griffi (26 February 1921 – 15 December 2005)was an Italian playwright, screenwriter, director and author.He was born in Naples in an aristocraticfamily and moved to Rome immediately after the end of World War II and spent his professional lifethere. Patroni Griffi is considered one of the most prominent contributors to Italian theater and film inpost-war Italy.Roberto Rossellini made a film from his play Anima nera.His first listed film writing creditwas on the 1952 musical Canzoni di mezzo secolo. Patroni Griffi would later direct Charlotte Rampling,Elizabeth Taylor, Marcello Mastroianni, Laura Antonelli, Florinda Bolkan, Terence Stamp, FabioTesti.Patroni Griffi was also involved with numerous television productions of lyric opera, including Verdi'sLa Traviata. His many theatrical productions include works by Pirandello, Eduardo De Filippo, JeanCocteau and Tennessee Williams. As a writer, he published a first collection of stories in 1955, Ragazzo di"}
{"doc_id":"doc_96","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Shaadi Ka LaddooShaadi Ka Laddoo is a 2004 Indian Hindi comedy film directed by RajKaushal. The film was released on 23 April 2004.Plot SummaryShomu and his wife Meenu are a happilymarried couple with two children. Shomu decides to travel to Britain for business purposes, as well as tomeet his childhood friend, Ravi Kapoor. Once in Britain, Shomu finds himself getting close to singlewomen, and realises that he is now ready for an extra-marital affair. His friend, Ravi Kapoor, on thecontrary believes that Shomu is the luckiest man on earth, as he is in love with his wife, and theirmarriage is rock steady. Not trusting her husband, Meenu asks a U.K. based friend to check up on him.The friend reports back that Shomu is involved with a woman named Tara. Meenu decides to go to Britainas well and catch Shomu red-handed. In the meantime, Ravi meets with a waitress named MenakaChoudhary and decides to propose marriage to her, apprehensive that she too will turn him down. Thestage is all set for sparks to fly, and emotions to rise.CastSanjay Suri as Som DuttaMandira Bedi asTaraAashish Chaudhary as Ravi KapoorDivya Dutta as GeetuSamita Bangargi as MenekaChoudharySameer Malhotra as Geetu's UncleNegar Khan as SheenaJohn ClubbSoundtrackPassage2:Gertrude of BavariaGertrude of Bavaria (Danish and German: Gertrud; 1152/55–1197) was Duchess ofSwabia as the spouse of Duke Frederick IV, and Queen of Denmark as the spouse of King CanuteVI.Gertrude was born to Henry the Lion of Bavaria and Saxony and Clementia of Zähringen in either 1152or 1155. She was married to Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia, in 1166, and became a widow in 1167. In1171 she was engaged and in February 1177 married to Canute of Denmark in Lund. The couple lived thefirst years in Skåne. On 12 May 1182, they became king and queen. She did not have any children.During her second marriage, she chose to live in chastity and celibacy with her husband. Arnold of Lübeckremarked of their marriage, that her spouse was: \"The most chaste one, living thus his days with hischaste spouse\" in eternal chastity.Passage 3:Marie-Louise CoidavidQueen Marie Louise Coidavid (1778 –11 March 1851) was the Queen of the Kingdom of Haiti 1811–20 as the spouse of Henri Christophe.EarlylifeMarie-Louise was born into a free black family; her father was the owner of Hotel de la Couronne,Cap-Haïtien. Henri Christophe was a slave purchased by her father. Supposedly, he earned enoughmoney in tips from his duties at the hotel that he was able to purchase his freedom before the HaitianRevolution. They married in Cap-Haïtien in 1793, having had a relationship with him from the year prior.They had four children: François Ferdinand (born 1794), Françoise-Améthyste (d. 1831), Athénaïs (d.1839) and Victor-Henri.At her spouse's new position in 1798, she moved to the Sans-Souci Palace.During the French invasion, she and her children lived underground until 1803.QueenIn 1811,Marie-Louise was given the title of queen upon the creation of the Kingdom of Haiti. Her new status gaveher ceremonial tasks to perform, ladies-in-waiting, a secretary and her own court. She took her positionseriously, and stated that the title \"given to her by the nation\" also gave her responsibilities and duties toperform. She served as the hostess of the ceremonial royal court life performed at the Sans-Souci Palace.She did not involve herself in the affairs of state. She was given the position of Regent should her sonsucceed her spouse while still being a minor.  However, as her son became of age before the death of hisfather, this was never to materialize.After the death of the king in 1820, she remained with her daughtersAméthyste and Athénaïs at the palace until they were escorted from it by his followers together with hiscorpse; after their departure, the palace was attacked and plundered. Marie-Louise and her daughterswere given the property Lambert outside Cap. She was visited by president Jean Pierre Boyer, whooffered her his protection; he denied the spurs of gold she gave him, stating that he was the leader ofpoor people. They were allowed to settle in Port-au-Prince. Marie-Louise was described as calm andresigned, but her daughters, especially Athénaïs, were described as vengeful.ExileThe Queen was in exilefor 30 years. In August 1821, the former queen left Haiti with her daughters under the protection of theBritish admiral Sir Home Popham, and travelled to London. There were rumours that she was searchingfor the money, three million, deposited by her spouse in Europe. Whatever the case, she did live the restof her life without economic difficulties. The English climate and pollution during the Industrial Revolutionwas determintal to Améthyste's health, and eventually they decided to leave.In 1824, Marie-Louise and"}
{"doc_id":"doc_97","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Shaheen KhanShaheen Khan may refer to:Shaheen Khan (Indian actress), IndianactressShaheen Khan (Pakistani actress) (born 1960), Pakistani actressShaheen Khan (British actress)(born 1960), British actressShaheen Khan (cricketer) (born 1987), South African cricketerPassage2:Brooks, Meadows and Lovely FacesBrooks, Meadows and Lovely Faces (Arabic: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, translit. Brooks, Meadows and Lovely Faces) is a 2016 Egyptiancomedy film directed by Yousry Nasrallah. It was selected to be screened in the Contemporary WorldCinema section at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival.CastLaila ElouiBassem SamraMennaShalabiPassage 3:Thou Wast Mild and LovelyThou Wast Mild and Lovely is a 2014 experimental thrillerfilm written and directed by Josephine Decker and starring Joe Swanberg, Sophie Traub, and RobertLongstreet.CastJoe Swanberg as AkinSophie Traub as SarahRobert Longstreet as JeremiahKristinSlaysman as DrewMatt Orme as CarenGeoff Marslett as RichardPlotAkin is hired to work a summer job ona farm owned by Jeremiah and his daughter Sarah. As he arrives at the property, he removes hiswedding ring before getting out of the car, and tells the other two he is single and has no children. He isgiven a room to live at the farm for the summer. Jeremiah drinks a lot, and gives Akin the nickname\"shoulders\" because he thinks the man's shoulders are always tense from keeping a secret. Akin tries totalk to his wife Drew on the phone, but the poor cell service makes it difficult. Sarah and Akin becomeinterested in each other from afar, and spy on each other multiple times. While the two of them aretracking down a lost cow at the edge of the property, Sarah finds a frog and bites its head off, whichcauses Akin to finally kiss her and ultimately rape her. She smiles afterwards.When Akin tells the othertwo at dinner that he has a roommate, Jeremiah reveals that he knows Akin's secret: the tan line on hisfinger makes it obvious that he's married. Jeremiah jokes that he too has a roommate that he has keptalive for a long time by continuing to clean his wounds. Sarah finds a family photo in Akin's room the nextday, which shows he also has a son. Sarah and Akin continue to spend time together, and she teacheshim how to improve his horseback skills.The landline phone rings, and Drew is on the other endexplaining that she's been trying to contact them because she hasn't heard from Akin in a while. She tellshim that she and their son are going to come visit the farm. The visit goes well at first, but during dinnerwhen Drew comments about Akin being \"quiet\", Sarah responds that he has been very talkative to her.Jeremiah explains that Akin had been lying about his marriage to get closer to Sarah, causing anawkward silence. That night, Drew is lying on the couch drunk, barely conscious. Jeremiah starts sayingvulgar, sexual things about her, so Akin carries her to his room. He awakes later to an empty bed, andfinds Drew back in the house chatting with Sarah. They mention that Drew and Akin had a daughter whohad passed away. Sarah blindfolds Akin and the three of them begin to have sex together. In the middleof the act, Akin removes the blindfold and sees that Jeremiah and a neighbor have been watching them.Jeremiah attacks the neighbor and tries to force himself on Drew. Akin tries to carry Drew away, butJeremiah knocks him out.Akin awakes tied up inside the barn, where he sees a man's face that is coveredin wounds and blood. Sarah appears and cuts Akin loose. They return to the house to find Jeremiah witha knife. He stabs Akin, but Sarah reacts by shooting him. As Sarah is crying over Jeremiah's dying body,Drew storms in with an axe and swings it on both Sarah and Jeremiah. Akin and Drew grab their son whois wandering the yard crying, and drive away.ProductionTo raise money for the film's post-production,Decker ran a crowdfunding campaign on the website Kickstarter with a goal of $15,500.  The campaignclosed on August 22, 2013, having successfully raised $18,517.  Decker has cited John Steinbeck's novelEast of Eden as inspiration for elements of the film, though David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter hascompared the visuals of the film to the works of Terrence Malick. The visual style continues some of theexperimental camera techniques Decker and cinematographer Ashley Connor had used in their previouscollaboration, Butter on the Latch, including some shots that were recorded without a lens on thecamera.ReleaseMediaIn September 2014, Thou Wast Mild and Lovely was picked up for theatrical andVOD distribution by Cinelicious Pics along with Decker's 2013 film Butter on the Latch with a release setfor November 2014.ReceptionCritical responseThou Wast Mild and Lovely received a positive response"}
{"doc_id":"doc_98","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Valley of DeathValley of Death may refer to:PlacesValley of Death (Bydgoszcz), the site of a1939 Nazi mass murder and mass grave site in northern PolandValley of Death (Crimea), the site of theCharge of the Light Brigade in the 1854 Battle of BalaclavaValley of Death (Gettysburg), the 1863Gettysburg Battlefield landform of Plum RunValley of Death (Dukla Pass), the site of a tank battle duringthe Battle of the Dukla Pass in 1944 (World War II)The Valley of Death, an area of poisonous volcanic gasnear the Kikhpinych volcano in RussiaThe Valley of Death, an area of poisonous volcanic gas near theTangkuban Perahu volcano in IndonesiaValley of Death, a nickname for the highly polluted city ofCubatão, BrazilOther usesThe Valley of Death (audio drama), a Doctor Who audio playThe Valley of Death(film), a 1968 western film\"Valley of Death\", the flawed NewsStand: CNN & Time debut program thatcaused the Operation Tailwind controversyA literary element of \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\" byAlfred, Lord TennysonA reference to the difficulty of covering negative cash flow in the early stages of astart-up company; see Venture capital\"The Valley of Death\", a song by the Swedish heavy metal bandSabaton from the 2022 album The War to End All WarsSee alsoAll pages with titles containing Valley ofDeathDeath Valley (disambiguation)Valley of the Shadow of Death (disambiguation)Passage2:Beaulieu-sur-LoireBeaulieu-sur-Loire (French pronunciation: [boljø sy\u0000 lwa\u0000], literally Beaulieu onLoire) is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France. It is the place of death of JacquesMacDonald, a French general who served in the Napoleonic Wars.PopulationSee alsoCommunes of theLoiret departmentPassage 3:Place of originIn Switzerland, the place of origin (German: Heimatort orBürgerort, literally \"home place\" or \"citizen place\"; French: Lieu d'origine; Italian: Luogo di attinenza)denotes where a Swiss citizen has their municipal citizenship, usually inherited from previousgenerations. It is not to be confused with the place of birth or  place of residence, although two or allthree of these locations may be identical depending on the person's circumstances.Acquisition ofmunicipal citizenshipSwiss citizenship has three tiers. For a person applying to naturalise as a Swisscitizen, these tiers are as follows:Municipal citizenship, granted by the place of residence after fulfillingseveral preconditions, such as sufficient knowledge of the local language, integration into local society,and a minimum number of years lived in said municipality.Cantonal (state) citizenship, for which a Swissmunicipal citizenship is required. This requires a certain number of years lived in said canton.Countrycitizenship, for which both of the above are required, also requires a certain number of years lived inSwitzerland (except for people married to a Swiss citizen, who may obtain simplified naturalisationwithout having to reside in Switzerland), and involves a criminal background check.The last two kinds ofcitizenship are a mere formality, while municipal citizenship is the most significant step in becoming aSwiss citizen. Nowadays the place of residence determines the municipality where citizenship is acquired,for a new applicant, whereas previously there was a historical reason for preserving the municipalcitizenship from earlier generations in the family line, namely to specify which municipality held theresponsibility of providing social welfare. The law has now been changed, eliminating this form ofallocating responsibility to a municipality other than that of the place of residence. Care needs to betaken when translating the term in Swiss documents which list the historical \"Heimatort\" instead of theusual place of birth and place of residence.However, any Swiss citizen can apply for a second, a third oreven more municipal citizenships for prestige reasons or to show their connection to the place theycurrently live – and thus have several places of origin. As the legal significance of the place of origin haswaned (see below), Swiss citizens can often apply for municipal citizenship for no more than 100 Swissfrancs after having lived in the same municipality for one or two years. In the past, it was common tohave to pay between 2,000 and 4,000 Swiss francs as a citizenship fee, because of the financialobligations incumbent on the municipality to grant the citizenship.A child born to two Swiss parents isautomatically granted the citizenship of the parent whose last name they hold, so the child gets either themother's or the father's place of origin. A child born to one Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquiresthe citizenship, and thus the place of origin, of the Swiss parent.International confusionAlmost uniquely inthe world (with the exception of Japan, which lists one's Registered Domicile; and Sweden, which lists the"}
{"doc_id":"doc_99","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:W. Augustus BarrattW. Augustus Barratt (3 June 1873 – 12 April 1947) was a Scottish-born,later American, songwriter and musician.Early life and songsWalter Augustus Barratt was born 3 June1873 in Kilmarnock, the son of composer John Barratt; the family later lived in Paisley. In 1893 he won ascholarship for composition to the Royal College of Music.In his early twenties he contributed to TheScottish Students' Song Book, with three of his own song compositions and numerous arrangements.Bythe end of 1897 he had published dozens of songs, such as Sir Patrick Spens, The Death of Cuthullin, analbum of his own compositions, and arrangements of ten songs by Samuel Lover.He then, living inLondon, turned his attention to staged musical comedy, co-creating, with Adrian Ross, The Tree DumasSkiteers, a skit, based on Sydney Grundy's The Musketeers that starred Herbert Beerbohm Tree. Heco-composed with Howard Talbot the successful Kitty Grey (1900).He continued to write songs and toreceive recognition for them. The 1901 and 1902 BBC Promenade Concerts, \"The Proms\", included four ofhis compositions, namely Come back, sweet Love, The Mermaid, My Peggy and Private Donald.His settingof My Ships, a poem by Ella Wheeler Wilcox, was performed by Clara Butt and republished several times.It also appeared four times, with different singers, in the 1913 and 1914 Proms.AmericaIn September1904 he went to live in New York City, finding employment with shows on Broadway, including thefollowing roles:on-stage actor (Sir Benjamin Backbite) in Lady Teazle (1904-1905), a musical version ofThe School for Scandal;musical director of The Little Michus (1907), also featuring songs byBarratt;co-composer of Miss Pocahontas (1907), a musical comedy;musical director of The Love Cure(1909–1910), a musical romance;composer of The Girl and the Drummer (1910), a musical romance withbook by George Broadhurst. Tried out in Chicago and elsewhere, it did not do well and never reachedBroadway;musical director of The Quaker Girl (1911–1912);co-composer and musical director of My BestGirl (1912);musical director of The Sunshine Girl (1913);musical director of The Girl who Smiles (1915),a musical comedy;musical director and contributor to music and lyrics of Her Soldier Boy(1916–1917);composer, lyricist and musical director of Fancy Free (1918), with book by DorothyDonnelly and Edgar Smith;contributor of a song to The Passing Show of 1918;composer and musicaldirector of Little Simplicity (1918), with book and lyrics by Rida Johnson Young;contributor of lyrics toThe Melting of Molly (1918–1919), a musical comedy;musical director of What's in a Name? (1920), amusical revue1921 in LondonThough domiciled in the US, he made several visits back to England. Duringan extended stay in 1921 he played a major part in the creation of two shows, both produced by CharlesB. Cochran, namelyLeague of Notions, at the New Oxford Theatre, for which he composed the music andco-wrote, with John Murray Anderson, the lyrics;Fun of the Fayre, at the London Pavilion, for whichsimilarly he wrote the music and co-wrote the lyricsBack to BroadwayBack in the US he returned toBroadway, working ascomposer and lyricist of Jack and Jill (1923), a musical comedy;musical director ofThe Silver Swan (1929), a musical romanceRadio playsIn later years he wrote plays and operettas mostlyfor radio, such as:Snapshots: a radioperetta (1929)Sushannah and the Brush Wielders: a play in 1 act(1929)The Magic Voice: a radio series (1933)Men of Action: a series of radio sketches (1933)Say, Uncle:a radio series (1933)Sealed Orders: a radio drama (1934)Sergeant Gabriel (with Hugh Abercrombie)(1945)PersonalIn 1897 in London he married Lizzie May Stoner. They had one son. In 1904 he emigratedto the US and lived in New York City. His first marriage ended in divorce in 1915 and, in 1918, he marriedEthel J Moore, who was American. In 1924, he became a naturalized American citizen. He died on 12 April1947 in New York City.Note on his first nameThe book British Musical Biography by Brown & Stratton(1897) in its entry for John Barratt refers to \"his son William Augustus Barratt\" with details that make itclear that Walter Augustus Barratt is the same person and that a \"William\" Augustus Barratt is a mistake.For professional purposes up to about 1900 he appears to have written as \"W. Augustus Barratt\", andthereafter mostly as simply \"Augustus Barratt\".Passage 2:AlludugaruAlludugaru or Alludu Garu  is a 1990Indian Telugu-language drama film directed by K. Raghavendra Rao and produced by Mohan Babu underLakshmi Prasanna Films. This film stars Mohan Babu and Shobhana in lead roles, while Ramya Krishnaalso appeared in an important supporting role. It was commercially and critically successful running for"}
{"doc_id":"doc_100","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Esdras HartleyEsdras Hartley (1892–1946) was the art director for the 1935 film Don't Bet on Blondes. He worked on over a hundred films during his career, many of them at the Hollywood studio Warner Brothers.Selected filmographyMiss Pacific Fleet (1935)A Night at the Ritz (1935)Bengal Tiger (1936)Times Square Playboy (1936)Talent Scout (1937)South of Suez (1940)River's End (1940)Ladies Must Live (1940)An Angel from Texas (1940)King of the Lumberjacks (1940)Three Cheers for the Irish ( 1940)The Case of the Black Parrot (1941)Flight from Destiny (1941)Highway West (1941)The Body Disappears (1941)Passage 2:The Only GirlThe Only Girl may refer to:The Only Girl (book), a 2018 memoir by Robin GreenThe Only Girl (film), 1933 filmThe Only Girl (musical), 1914 Broadway musical by Victor Herbert and Henry BlossomPassage 3:The Empress and IThe Empress and I (German: Ich und die Kaiserin) is a 1933 German musical comedy film directed by Friedrich Hollaender and starring Lilian Harvey, Mady Christians and Conrad Veidt. It is also known by the alternative title of The Only Girl. The film was produced as a multi-language version. Moi et l'impératrice a separate French-language version was released as well as The Only Girl in English. The multilingual Harvey played the same role in all three films.It was shot at the Babelsberg Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Robert Herlth and Walter Röhrig. It was made by Erich Pommer's production unit at UFA, several of whom left the country after the film's release due to the Nazi Party's assumption of power.SynopsisAfter a fall from a horse, a wealthy Marquis is believed to be dying. While he lies there, he is comforted by the singing of a beautiful woman. When he unexpectedly recovers, he tries to seek out this young woman. Due to a series of confusions, he believes her to be Empress Eugenie, the wife of Napoleon III of France. In fact, the woman was a Eugenie's hairdresser, a vivacious young woman engaged to be married to an aspiring composer and conductor currently working for the celebrated Jacques Offenbach.CastLilian Harvey as JulietteMady Christians as EmpressConrad Veidt as Marquis de PontignacHeinz Rühmann as DidierFriedel Schuster as AnnabelHubert von Meyerinck as FlügeladjutantJulius Falkenstein as Jacques OffenbachPaul Morgan as Erfinder des FahrradesHans Hermann Schaufuß as DoctorKate Kühl as MarianneHeinrich Gretler as SanitäterEugen Rex as Etienne, Diener des MarquisHans DeppeHans Nowack as Erfinder des TelefonsMargot HöpfnerPassage 4:Don't Bet on LoveDon't Bet on Love is a 1933 American comedy film directed by Murray Roth and written by Howard Emmett Rogers, Murray Roth and Ben Ryan. The film stars Lew Ayres, Ginger Rogers, Charley Grapewin, Shirley Grey, Tom Dugan and Merna Kennedy. The film was released on July 1, 1933, by Universal Pictures.PlotMolly Gilbert won't accept a marriage proposal from Bill McCaffery unless he promises to quit betting money on horse races. He gives her his word, but Molly is miffed when she realizes he wants to honeymoon in Saratoga, New York, due to its proximity to the racetrack.Behind her back, Bill unethically uses money from his dad Pop McCaffery's plumbing business to continue gambling. He gets on a hot streak, winning $50,000, then buys a horse of his own, cheats by disguising a faster horse as his, then loses all his money. Bill agrees to become a plumber, pleasing Molly.CastLew Ayres as Bill McCafferyGinger Rogers as Molly GilbertCharley Grapewin as Pop McCafferyShirley Grey as Goldie WilliamsTom Dugan as ScottyMerna Kennedy as Ruby 'Babe' NortonLucile Gleason as Mrs. GilbertRobert Emmett O'Connor as Edward SheltonPassage 5:Onmyōji (film)Onmyōji (\u0000\u0000 \u0000) is a 2001 Japanese film directed by Yōjirō Takita. It tells of the exploits of famed onmyōji Abe no Seimei, who meets and befriends bungling court noble, Minamoto no Hiromasa. Together they protect the capital of Heian-kyō against an opposing onmyōji, Dōson, who is secretly plotting the downfall of the emperor.A sequel, Onmyōji 2, appeared in 2003.  Both movies are based on the Onmyōji series of novels by author Baku Yumemakura, which also inspired a manga series by Reiko Okano.PlotThe Heian period (9th–12th centuries) was a time when human beings and various supernatural beings still coexisted with each other, the latter occasionally causing trouble to humans. Practitioners of the art of onmyōdō, the onmyōji, were held to be able to control and subdue these malevolent entities and other paranormal phenomena, and were thus held in high regard, being employed by the imperial court.In Heian-kyō, nobleman Minamoto no Hiromasa meets court onmyōji Abe no Seimei, a mysterious man about whom many rumors have been told. On a dare by some courtiers, Seimei demonstrates his exceptional skills in "}
{"doc_id":"doc_101","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is anIrish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in theUnited States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigningDecember 31, 2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He wasthe director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia(Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States afterleaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October 2010 hebecame the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as theexecutive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career in IrelandKennedy wasborn in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989)degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history.He worked in theIrish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at theChester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department ofFinance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was Assistant Director at the NationalGallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historiansfrom 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003. InSeptember 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery of Australia(NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged forseveral major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itselfand oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years ofthe museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, BettyChurcher, on showing \"blockbuster\" exhibitions.During his directorship, the NGA gained governmentsupport for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship. However,the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the originalarchitect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure,with a significantly altered design completed some years later.  Private funding supported twoacquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud'sAfter Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring theHolmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints,screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive. He was also notable forcampaigning for the construction of a new \"front\" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace,which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above).Kennedy's cancellation of the\"Sensation exhibition\" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial,and seen by some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being \"too closeto the market\" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of aspeculative art investor. However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which couldhave raised similar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists worksbelonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn. Its mostcontroversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and wasaccused of being blasphemous. The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against theexhibition, claiming it was \"Catholic-bashing\" and an \"aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion.\"In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had\"obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art\". He has said that it \"was the toughestdecision of my professional life, so far.\"Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of arange of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA'soccupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioningsystem. The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003. Kennedy announced in 2002 that he wouldnot seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two"}
{"doc_id":"doc_102","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Frederick I, Count Palatine of SimmernFrederick I, the Hunsrücker (German: Friedrich I.; 19November 1417 – 29 November 1480) was the Count Palatine of Simmern from 1459 until1480.Frederick was born in 1417 to Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken and his wife, Annaof Veldenz. In 1444 his father partitioned his territories between Frederick and his younger brother Louis.Frederick married Margaret of Guelders, daughter of Duke Arnold, on 16 August 1454. Frederick died inSimmern in 1480 and was buried in the Augustinian Abbey of Ravengiersburg.ChildrenWith Margaret(1436 – 15 August 1486), daughter of Arnold, Duke of Guelders:Katherine of Palatinate-Simmern (1455– 28 December 1522), Abbess in the St Klara monastery in TrierStephen (25 February 1457 – 1488/9)Canon in Strasbourg , Mainz and CologneWilliam (2 January 1458 – 1458)John I (15 May 1459 – 27January 1509)Frederick (10 April 1460 – 22 November 1518) Canon in Cologne, Speyer , Trier , Mainz,Magdeburg and StrasbourgRupert (16 October 1461 – 19 April 1507), bishop of Regensburg.Anne (30July 1465 – 15 July 1517)  Nun in TrierMargaret (2 December 1466 – August 1506) Nun in TrierHelene(1467 – 21 February 1555) Prioress in the St. Agnes monastery in TrierWilliam (20 April 1468 – 1481)Canon in TrierPassage 2:Reichard, Count Palatine of Simmern-SponheimReichard (25 July 1521 – 13January 1598) was the Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim from 1569 until 1598.Reichard was born inSimmern in 1521 to Johann II, Count Palatine of Simmern. In 1569 he succeeded his brother Georg asCount Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim. Reichard died in Simmern in 1598. Without any surviving children,Simmern-Sponheim was inherited by his great-nephew Frederick IV.MarriageReichard married Juliane ofWied (c. 1545 - 30 April 1575, daughter of Count Johann IV of Wied, on 30 July 1569 and had severalchildren:Juliana (21 November 1571 – 4 February 1592)Katherine (10 May 1573 – 12 October1576)unnamed son (1574)unnamed son (30 April 1575)Reichard married Emilie of Württemberg (19August 1550 - 4 June 1589), daughter of Christoph, Duke of Württemberg, on 26 March 1578.Reichardmarried Anne Margaret of Palatinate-Veldenz (17 January 1571 - 1 November 1621), daughter of CountPalatine Georg Johann I, on 14 December 1589.Passage 3:Louis Henry, Count Palatine ofSimmern-KaiserslauternLouis Henry (German: Ludwig Heinrich) (11 October 1640 - 3 January 1674) wasthe Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern from 1653 until 1673.LifeLouis Henry was born in 1640 asthe only surviving son of Louis Philip, Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern. He succeeded his fatherin 1655, and was under the regency of his mother, Marie Eleonore von Brandenburg, till 1658. He retiredfrom ruling in 1673. He died less than a year later, and was buried in the St-Stephan's Church inSimmern.MarriageLouis Henry married Maria of Orange-Nassau (5 September 1642 - 20 March 1688) in1666, daughter of the Dutch prince Frederick Henry. The marriage remained childless.Passage 4:John I,Count Palatine of SimmernJohn I (15 May 1459 – 27 January 1509) was the Count Palatine of Simmernfrom 1480 until 1509.John was born in 1459 to Frederick I, Count Palatine of Simmern. He marriedJoanna of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1464 - 1521) the daughter of Johann II of Nassau-Saarbrücken on 29September 1481. John died in Starkenburg in 1509 and was buried in Simmern.ChildrenWith Joanna ofNassau-Saarbrücken (1464 - 1521) (14 April 1464 – 7 May 1521)Frederick (1490)John II (21 March 1492– 18 May 1557)Frederick (1494–?)Passage 5:Sabina, Duchess of BavariaSabina, Duchess of Bavaria(1528–1578) was the daughter of John II, Count Palatine of Simmern and Beatrix of Baden.MarriageIn1544 she married Lamoral, Count of Egmont with whom she had twelve children. When her husband wasarrested and accused of treason in 1567, she wrote king Philip II, the king of Spain, a letter to plead forhis release. It was to no avail and he was decapitated in the following year. Sabina was buried inEgmont's crypt in Zottegem.ChildrenCharles, 7th Count of Egmont, Prince de Gavre: married to Marie deLens,  Lady of Aubigny.WidowhoodAfter her death in 1578, she was buried next to her husband inZottegem.Passage 6:Georg, Count Palatine of Simmern-SponheimGeorg (20 February 1518 – 17 May1569) was the Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim from 1559 until 1569.George was born in 1518 toJohann II, Count Palatine of Simmern. In 1559 his elder brother Frederick inherited the Electorate of thePalatinate and gave George his old territories inherited from his father in 1557. George married Elisabethof Hesse, daughter of Landgrave Wilhelm I, on 9 January 1541. George died in 1569 and was succeeded"}
{"doc_id":"doc_103","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Louise Elisabeth of CourlandLouise Elisabeth of Courland (12 August 1646 in Jelgava – 16December 1690 in Weferlingen) was Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg by marriage to Frederick II,Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg.LifeLouise Elisabeth was a daughter of Duke Jacob of Courland(1610-1662) from his marriage to Charlotte Louise (1617-1676), eldest daughter of Elector GeorgeWilliam of Brandenburg.On 23 October 1670 in Cölln, she married the later Landgrave Frederick II ofHesse-Homburg, the famous Prince of Homburg.  Frederick had converted to the Calvinist faith for thesake of their marriage.  This conversion brought him into closer relations with the princely houses inBrandenburg and Hesse-Kassel, who were also Calvinist.  Louise Elisabeth's sister Maria Amalia marriedLandgrave Charles of Hesse-Kassel in 1673.  Louise Elizabeth was a niece of Elector Frederick William ofBrandenburg.  This relationship allowed Frederick to join the Prussian army and become commander ofall the troops of the Electorate only two years later, in 1672.The Calvinist Louise Elisabeth played asignificant role in the settlement of displaced Huguenots and Waldenses in Friedrichsdorf andDornholzhausen in as well as in the formation of Calvinist congregations in Weferlingen and BadHomburg.IssueCharlotte Dorothea Sophia (1672–1738)married 1694 Johann Ernst III, Duke ofSaxe-Weimar (1664–1707)Frederick III Jacob (1673–1746), Landgrave of Hesse-Homburgmarried 1.1700 Princess Elisabeth Dorothea of Hesse-Darmstadt (1676–1721)married 2. 1728 Princess ChristianeCharlotte of Nassau-Ottweiler (1685–1761)Karl Christian (1674–1695), fell at the Siege of NamurHedwigLuise (1675–1760)married 1718 Count Adam Friedrich von Schlieben (1677–1752)Philipp (1676–1706),fell at the Battle of Speyerbach in the War of the Spanish SuccessionWilhelmine Maria(1678–1770)married 1711 Count Anton II of Aldenburg (1681–1738)Eleonore Margarete(1679–1763)Elisabeth Juliana Francisca (1681–1707)married 1702 Prince Frederick William Adolf, Princeof Nassau-Siegen (1680–1722)Johanna Ernestine (1682–1698)Ferdinand (born and died 1683)KarlFerdinand (1684–1688)Casimir William (1690–1726)Passage 2:Adelaide of HesseAdelaide of Hesse(Polish: Adelajda heska) (after 1323 – after May 26, 1371) was queen consort of Poland by marriage toCasimir III of Poland. She was daughter of Henry II, Landgrave of Hesse, and his wife Elisabeth ofThuringia, daughter of Frederick I, Margrave of Meissen. Adelaide was a member of the House ofHesse.BiographyShe was named after her paternal grandmother.Unhappy marriageOn September 29,1341, in Poznań, Adelaide married Casimir III the Great, King of Poland. The marriage was a result of anagreement between Casimir III and Luxemburgs.The marriage was Casimir's second marriage, after thedeath of his first wife, Aldona of Lithuania. Casimir had no male heir, though he had two daughters,Elizabeth and Kunigunde. On September 29, 1341, Adelaide was crowned in Poznań Cathedral. Themarriage was an unhappy one, Casimir started living separately from Adelaide soon after theirmarriage.AnnulmentTheir loveless marriage lasted until 1356. Casimir separated from Adelaide andmarried his mistress Christina. Christina was the widow of Miklusz Rokiczani, a wealthy merchant. Thebigamy and his womanizing got Casimir into severe trouble with the clergy.Casimir continued living withChristina despite complaints by Pope Innocent VI on behalf of Adelaide. The marriage lasted until1363/1364 when Casimir again declared himself divorced. They had no children. The marriage toAdelaide was annulled in 1368. Then Casimir married his fourth wife, Jadwiga (Hedwig) of Żagań.Thismarriage produced another three daughters.With Adelaide still alive and Christina possibly as well, themarriage to Jadwiga was also considered bigamous. The legitimacy of the three last daughters wasdisputed. Casimir managed to have two of his daughters, Anna and Kunigunde, legitimatized by PopeUrban V on December 5, 1369. Jadwiga the younger, was legitimatized by Pope Gregory XI on October 1,1371.Later lifeAfter the annulment of her marriage, Adelaide went back home to Hesse. She spent therest of her life in Hesse.After her ex-husband's death, she fought for her property rights. She intervenedin this case to Pope Gregory XI. On May 26, 1371, the Pope urged King Louis to give back her property.Inpopular cultureFilmQueen Adelaide is one of the main characters in the second season of Polish historicalTV drama series \"Korona Królów\" (\"The Crown of the Kings\"). She is played by AleksandraPrzesław.Further readingBalzer Oswald: Genealogia Piastów. Kraków 1895, p. 386-387.Paszkiewicz H.:"}
{"doc_id":"doc_104","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:The Grey Lady(The) Grey Lady or (The) Gray Lady may refer to:FilmsThe Grey Lady (film), 1937 German film also known as Sherlock Holmes: The Grey LadyGrey Lady (film), 2017 American film directed by John SheaFolkloreGrey Lady, a ghost reputed to haunt Rufford Old Hall, Lancashire, EnglandGrey Lady, a ghost reputed to haunt Theatre Royal, Bath, EnglandGrey Lady, a ghost reputed to haunt Fort St. Angelo, Birgu, MaltaThe Grey Lady, a spirit reputed to haunt Cumberland College, in Dunedin, New ZealandThe Gray Lady Ghost, reputed to haunt the old parsonage in Sims, North Dakota, United StatesThe Grey Lady, a ghost reputed to haunt the Dark Hedges, County Antrim, Northern IrelandThe Grey Lady, a ghost reputed to haunt Gainsborough Old Hall, Lincolnshire, EnglandEntertainmentThe Gray Lady, a spirit from GhostbustersThe Grey Lady, a character in The Good WitchThe Grey Lady, a character in Harry Potter; see Hogwarts staffOther usesMV Grey Lady, American catamaran ferryA member of the Gray Ladies, volunteers working with the American Red Cross in WWIIThe Gray Lady, a nickname for The New York TimesSee alsoThe Old Grey Lady, a nickname for Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama, USThe Little Grey Lady of the Sea, a nickname for Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, USPassage 2:Governor GreyGovernor Grey or Gray may refer to:Charles Edward Grey (1785–1865), Governor of Barbados from 1841 to 1846 and Governor of Jamaica from 1847 to 1853George Grey (1812–1898), Governor of South Australia from 1841 to 1845, Governor of New Zealand 1845 to 1854 and from 1861 to 1868, and Governor of Cape Colony from 1854 to 1861Isaac P. Gray (1828–1895), 18th and 20th Governor of the U.S. state of IndianaMatthew Gray (Governor of Bombay) (fl. 1670s), acting Governor of Bombay from 1669 to 1672Ralph Grey, Baron Grey of Naunton (1910–1999), Governor of British Guiana from 1958 to 1964, Governor of the Bahamas from 1964 to 1968, and Governor of Northern Ireland from 1968 to 1973William Grey (governor) (1818–1878), Governor of Jamaica from 1874 to 1877Governor Grey (horse), second-place finisher in the 1911 Kentucky DerbyPassage 3:The Little Gray LadyThe Little Gray Lady is a lost 1914 silent film drama directed by Francis Powers and starring Jane Grey of the Broadway stage. It was produced by Adolph Zukor continuing his making films with Broadway actors and stars, hence the name of his company Famous Players Film Company.CastJane Grey as Anna GrayJames Cooley as Perry CarlyleJane Fearnley as Ruth JordanHal Clarendon as Sam MeadeJulia Walcott as Mrs. JordanRobert Cummings as Richard GrahamMathaleen Aarnold as Mrs. GrahamEdgar Davenport as John MooreSue Balfour as Mrs. CarlylePassage 4:Gray Lady DownGray Lady Down is a 1978 American submarine disaster film directed by David Greene and starring Charlton Heston, David Carradine, Stacy Keach, Ned Beatty, Ronny Cox and Rosemary Forsyth, and includes the feature film debut of Michael O'Keefe and Christopher Reeve. It is based on David Lavallee's 1971 novel Event 1000.PlotAging, respected Captain Paul Blanchard is on his final submarine tour before promotion to command of a submarine squadron (COMSUBRON). Surfaced and returning to port, the submarine, USS Neptune, is struck by a Norwegian freighter en route to New York in heavy fog. With the engine room flooded and its main propulsion disabled, the Neptune sinks to a depth of 1,450 feet (440 meters) or approx. 241.6 fathoms) on a canyon ledge above the ocean floor. A United States Navy rescue force, commanded by Captain Hal Bennett, arrives on the scene, but Neptune is subsequently rolled by a gravity slide to a greater angle that does not allow the Navy's Deep-submergence rescue vehicle (DSRV) to complete its work. As technical malfunctions increase, the submarine's sections get flooded and men die, crewmen have nervous breakdowns and tensions grow between the commanding officers.A small experimental submersible, Snark, is brought in to assist with the rescue. Snark is very capable, but run by a U.S. Navy officer misfit, Captain Don Gates. The tiny submersible is the only hope for a rescue. Ultimately, the surviving members of the crew are rescued by the DSRV, thanks to Gates sacrificing himself by using the Snark to jam the Neptune in place as another gravity slide begins while the rescue is taking place. Moments later the gravity slide pushes the Neptune and the Snark off the ledge and into the ocean's abyss. The film ends with a somber Blanchard climbing out of the DSRV and being welcomed aboard the rescue ship USS Pigeon by Bennett and his officers.CastCharlton Heston as Captain Paul BlanchardDavid Carradine as Captain Don GatesStacy Keach as Captain Hal BennettNed Beatty as "}
{"doc_id":"doc_105","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Steven TaylorSteven or Steve Taylor may refer to:Steve Taylor (missiologist) (born 1968),New Zealand theologianSteve Taylor (psychologist) (born 1967), English author and lecturer inpsychologySteven John Taylor, American singer and keyboardist for the band Rogue WaveSteve Taylor(politician) (born 1956), American politician and Delaware state legislatorSteven W. Taylor (born 1949),American politician and Oklahoma Supreme Court justiceSteve Taylor (footballer) (born 1955), Englishfootballer in The Football LeagueSteve Taylor (born 1957), American singer, songwriter and filmdirectorSteve Taylor & The Perfect Foil, a supergroup led by Steve TaylorSteven Taylor (cricketer, born1963) (born 1963), English cricketerSteve Taylor (Canadian football) (born 1967), quarterbackStevenTaylor (American cricketer) (born 1993), American cricketerSteven Taylor (footballer) (born 1986),English footballerSteve Taylor, the narrator for the YouTube channel KurzgesagtJohn Mahan(1851–1883), also known as Steve Taylor, Irish-born American bare-knuckle boxer and pugilistFictionalcharactersSteven Taylor (Doctor Who), one of the First Doctor's companionsSteve Taylor, a character inthe 2008 British slasher movie Eden LakeSee alsoStephen Taylor (disambiguation)List of people withsurname TaylorPassage 2:Steven ParkerSteven Parker may refer to:Steven Parker (defensive back) (born1995), American football playerSteven Parker, military police officer whose actions were the subject ofthe U.S. Supreme Court case Saucier v. KatzSteven Parker, co-creator of the website NeowinStevenChristopher Parker (born 1989), actorSteven J. Parker (died 2009), Boston pediatrician and co-author ofthe 7th edition of The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child CareSee alsoStephen Parker(disambiguation)Steve Parker (disambiguation)Passage 3:Steven EllisSteven or Steve Ellis may referto:Steve Ellis (comics) (born 1971), American comic book artist and illustratorSteve Ellis (musician) (born1950), English singerSteve Ellis (literary scholar) (born 1952), British literary scholar and poetSteve Ellis(rower) (born 1968), British lightweight rowerSteven J. R. Ellis (born 1974), Australian archaeologistSeealsoStephen Ellis (disambiguation)Passage 4:Stephen GriffithsStephen or Steve Griffiths may referto:Stephen Shaun Griffiths (born 1969), convicted of the Bradford murders in 2010Steve Griffiths(footballer) (1914–1998), English footballerSteve Griffiths (athlete) (born 1964), Jamaican sprinterSteveGriffiths (rugby union) (born 1973), English-born Scotland rugby union playerSteven Griffiths (born1962), Australian politicianSteven Griffiths (cricketer) (born 1973), English cricketerPassage 5:StephenPalmerStephen or Steve Palmer is the name of: Steve Palmer (footballer) (born 1968), EnglishfootballerStephen Palmer (orienteer), British orienteerStephen Palmer, guitarist with The HighStrungPassage 6:Steve BarancikSteve Barancik (born September 23, 1961, in Chicago, Illinois) is ascreenwriter whose first screenplay, Buffalo Girls, was filmed and released as The Last Seduction in 1994.The film premiered as an HBO movie before going on shortly after to art house success. Actress LindaFiorentino received notoriety for playing the movie's femme fatale, Bridget Gregory/Wendy Kroy, andBarancik was nominated for an Edgar Allan Poe Award for best mystery/crime screenplay of1994.Barancik received critical acclaim for his screenplay for The Last Seduction. James Berardinellicalled his dialogue \"scintillating, often hilarious, and occasionally insightful\", while Variety said hisdevelopment of the narrative \"is very skillful and original\". The Washington Post claimed it was \"aviciously funny first screenplay\" from Barancik, and Kim Newman of Empire called his screenplay\"superb\". Barancik worked steadily in the industry but with little to show for it until receiving sharedscreenplay credit for 2002's No Good Deed. He also received shared story credit for 2005's Domino.Barancik is also the founder and a regular performer in Monolog Cabin, a group featuring writersperforming comedic personal essays, which performs at Club Congress in Tucson, Arizona. He hasdeveloped a website devoted to the subject of quality children's books and another to collecting theexperiences of authors who have self-published.Passage 7:Steven RobertsSteven or Steve Roberts mayrefer to:Steven K. Roberts (born 1952), American journalist, writer, cyclist, archivist, and explorerStevenV. Roberts (born 1943), American journalist and writerSteven Roberts (British Army soldier) (died 2003),first British soldier to die in the 2003 invasion of IraqSteve Roberts (American football) (born 1964),college football coach at Arkansas State UniversitySteve Roberts (comics), British comics artistSteve"}
{"doc_id":"doc_106","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting forLucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986)(mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990)(mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)NotQuite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor BlakeMysteries (2013)Passage 2:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director of film, television andtheatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television andtelevision films. Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order andJudging Amy.Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), AReason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and amongother films. He directed \"Heart in Hiding\", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she receivedan Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actorin several Broadway productions. He costarred with Susan Strasberg in \"[The Diary of Ann Frank]\" buthad to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army. He trained at the Carnegie MellonUniversity. Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatreand the Pacific Resident Theatre Company. He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [theHardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of TheInteract Theatre Company.Passage 3:John Farrell (businessman)John Farrell is the director of YouTube inLatin America.EducationFarrell holds a joint MBA degree from the University of Texas at Austin andInstituto Tecnologico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM).CareerHis business career began atSkytel, and later at Iridium as head of Business Development, in Washington DC, where he supported thedesign and launched the first satellite location service in the world and established internationaldistribution agreements.He co-founded Adetel, the first company to provide internet access to residentialcommunities and businesses in Mexico. After becoming General Manager of Adetel, he developed apartnership with TV Azteca in order to create the first internet access prepaid card in the country knownas the ToditoCard.  Later in his career, John Farrell worked for Televisa in Mexico City as Director ofBusiness Development for Esmas.com. There he established a strategic alliance with a leadingtelecommunications provider to launch co-branded Internet and telephone services. He also led initialefforts to launch social networking services, leveraging Televisa’s content and mediachannels.GoogleFarrel joined Google in 2004 as Director of Business Development for Asia and LatinAmerica. On April 7, 2008, he was promoted to the position of General Manager for Google Mexico,replacing Alonso Gonzalo. He is now director of YouTube in Latin America, responsible for developingaudiences, managing partnerships and growing Google’s video display business. John is also part ofGoogle’s Latin America leadership management team and contributes to Google’s strategy in the region.He is Vice President of the IAB (Interactive Advertising Bureau), a member of the AMIPCI (MexicanInternet Association) Advisory Board, an active Endeavor mentor, and member of YPO.Passage 4:BrianKennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museumdirector who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States.  He wasthe director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020. Hewas the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He was the director of the HoodMuseum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October 2010 he became the ninth Director ofthe Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEOof the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career in IrelandKennedy was born in Dublin and attendedClonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from UniversityCollege-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history.He worked in the Irish Department of"}
{"doc_id":"doc_107","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Ahmet BozerAhmet C. Bozer (born 1960) is a Turkish business executive. He is executive vicepresident and president of Coca-Cola International, which consists of The Coca-Cola Company's AsiaPacific, Europe, Eurasia & Africa, and Latin America operations.Early yearsBozer was born to Ali Bozer, anacademic of Commercial Law and politician, 1960 in Istanbul, Turkey. He finished TED Ankara Koleji andstudied Business Administration at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara. Later, he earned a MBAdegree in Business Information Systems from Georgia State University.CareerAfter beginning as aconsultant and instructor, Bozer was employed by Coopers and Lybrand, where he had various roles inaudit, consultancy and management in the five years there.In 1990, he joined Coca-Cola USA as FinancialControl Manager at the company's headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. Bozer was appointed Region FinanceManager at the Turkish Enterprise in 1992.He was Finance Director and Deputy Managing Director of TheCoca-Cola Company Bottling Operations in Turkey from 1994 to 1999. After serving as the ManagingDirector of Coca-Cola Bottlers of Turkey (CCBT), Bozer became the President of Eurasia & Middle EastDivision based in Istanbul, Turkey on January 1, 2006. On July 1, 2007, he was appointed President ofthe Eurasia and Africa Group, which comprises a total of more than 90 countries, and served untilDecember 31, 2012. In 2013, he became Executive Vice President and President of Coca-ColaInternational.Passage 2:Carl WareCarl Ware (born 1943, Newnan, Georgia) is an American businessman.He is a retired executive vice-president of The Coca-Cola Company.BiographyEarly lifeCarl Ware holds abachelor's degree in political science from Clark College, a master's degree in Public Administration fromthe Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh, and is a 1991graduate of the Harvard Business School's International Senior Management Program.CareerHe waselected to the Atlanta City Council in 1973 and served as president of the Council from 1976 until 1979.In1979, he was named Vice President of Special Markets for Coca-Cola USA, with responsibility forexpanding African-American and Hispanic marketing and advertising programs. In 1982, Ware waspromoted to Vice President of Urban Affairs. In 1986, he was elected Senior Vice President of Coca-Cola.Ware was named Deputy Group President, Northeast Europe and Africa in 1991, and was appointedpresident of the Africa Group in 1993.He was elected a director of Chevron Corporation in 2001. He is aformer senior adviser to the chief executive officer of The Coca-Cola Co., a position he held from 2003 to2006. He also sits on the board of directors of the Council on Foreign Relations and GeorgiaPower.Passage 3:Frank Mason RobinsonFrank Mason Robinson (September 12, 1845 – July 8, 1923) wasan important early marketer and advertiser of what became known as Coca-Cola.CareerDuring the winterof 1885, Robinson and his business partner, David Doe, came to the South in order to sell a machine theyinvented called a \"chromatic printing device\" which had the capability to produce two colors in oneimprint. Upon arrival in Atlanta, Robinson and David Doe approached Dr. John S. Pemberton, a chemistand pharmacist, and struck a deal. In 1886 Frank Robinson officially settled in Atlanta where a newbusiness was made called the Pemberton Chemical Company consisting of Robinson, Pemberton, DavidDoe and Pemberton's old partner, Ed Holland.Coca-ColaPemberton was experimenting with a medicinalformula which included coca leaves and kola nuts as sources of its ingredients. Robinson, who served asbookkeeper and partner to Pemberton, gave the syrup formula the name Coca-Cola, where Coca camefrom the coca leaves used and Cola for the kola nuts. The name Coca-Cola was also chosen \"because itwas euphonious, and on account of my familiarity with such names as 'S.S.S; and 'B.B.B'\" said Robinsonhimself. He was also responsible for writing the Coca-Cola name in Spencerian script which was popularwith bookkeepers of the era and remains one of the most recognized trademarks in the world. Theformula was introduced in May 1886 at the Jacobs Pharmacy in Atlanta. It sold 25 US gallons (95 L) thefirst year. The next year sales increased to 1,049 US gallons (3,970 L). In 1888 Pemberton sold theformula to Asa G. Candler, another Atlanta pharmacist and businessman, for a total investment of $2,300before Pemberton died. Coca-Cola was granted a charter in 1892 and became the official GeorgiaCorporation named the Coca-Cola Company with Asa G. Candler, his brother John S. Candler, Frank M.Robinson and two other associates.  Robinson served as treasurer and secretary and changed the"}
{"doc_id":"doc_108","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Michael NozikMichael Nozik is an American film producer. He won a BAFTA award for TheMotorcycle Diaries in the category of 'Best Film Not in the English Language' in 2004. His credits alsoinclude Love in the Time of Cholera, Syriana, Quiz Show, and The Legend of BaggerVance.FilmographyHe was a producer in all films unless otherwise noted.FilmProduction managerLocationmanagementSecond unit director or assistant directorThanksTelevisionProduction managerPassage 2:TheLegend of Ero of ArmenteiraThe legend of Saint Ero of Armenteira. The romanic monastery of Armenteirahas always been related to the legend of its founder, the abbot Ero.The miracle of Saint MaryOnce upon atime in the 12th century, a knight named Don Ero lived with his wife in his palace in Armenteira, abeautiful natural setting located in the slopes of Mount Castrove, in the Province of Pontevedra (Galicia,Spain).Don Ero and his wife were not able to have children, so they kept asking God to send them somedescendants. God answered their prayers with the revelation that they would only have spiritual descent.For this reason they decided to found their own monasteries. Don Ero founded Santa María deArmenteira, right there in his lands.He requested help from Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, the founder of theCistercian order, who sent him four monks to start the monastery. Years later, he became the abbot ofthe monastery himself.Ero the Abbot was always begging the Virgin Mary to show him just a little visionof what the divine grace would be like. He longed for the day when he would be able to understand theconcept of paradise bliss, however he lived under the impression that his beloved Virgin did not listen tohis prayers.One day, he decided to go for a walk around the woods that surrounded the monastery,  abeautiful setting full of pine trees, oaks and other native species. He took a rest and sat on a stone.Suddenly, the joyous chirp of a bird caught his attention. He sat there for a while, listening,  entranced bythe peace and beauty that the bird's singing brought to his soul.Not long after that, he headed back to hismonastery, since it was already getting dark and he did not want his brethren to worry about him. Whenhe knocked at the door of the monastery, he was received by a monk completely unknown to him.Distrustful, the monk asked him who he was. When he answered him that he was the abbot Ero, themonk, bewildered, started to call his brothers, not sure if the man was in his right mind. Ero told themwho he was and what he had been doing. When the brethren explained what year they were in, Erorealized to his astonishment that three hundred years had passed by! And suddenly, he became awarethat what he thought to have been only three minutes listening to a bird sing, had really been threehundred  years contemplating the glory of paradise. Virgin Mary had finally granted him hiswish.Popularity of the legendThis legend, related to others of similar content related to the Celtictradition, became really popular in the 13th century when the King Alfonso X the Wise included it in hisfamous Cantigas de Santa Maria, a recompilation of miracles attributed to Virgin Mary. He dedicated hiscantiga (poem or song)  number 103 to the legend of Saint Ero.The great Galician writer Ramón María delValle Inclán also contributed to spreading the legend by including it in his work “Aromas de Leyenda”(1907), a collection of 14 poems inspired in several Galician traits like scenery, traditions andsuperstitions.Passage 3:The Odd Couple IIThe Odd Couple II is a 1998 American buddy comedy film andthe sequel to the 1968 film The Odd Couple. It was the final film written and produced by Neil Simon, andstarring Jack Lemmon and Walter Matthau. Released nearly three decades later, it is unique amongsequels for having one of the longest gaps between the release of both films in which all leads return. TheOdd Couple II premiered on April 10, 1998, and was a critical and commercial failure, grossing less thanhalf than its predecessor at the box office.PlotIt has been seventeen years since Oscar Madison and FelixUngar have seen one another. Oscar is still hosting a regular poker game and is still an untidy slob, nowliving in Sarasota, Florida, but still a sportswriter. One day, he is called by his son Brucey with aninvitation to California for his wedding the following Sunday. A second shock for Oscar—the woman hisson is marrying is Felix's daughter, Hannah.On the flight from New York to Los Angeles, it becomes clearthat Felix has not changed his ways—he is still a fussy, allergy-suffering neat freak nuisance. Oscar andFelix are reunited at the airport and very happy to be together again after 17 years of separation—atleast for a couple of minutes. They share a rental car to San Malina for the wedding. however the trip"}
{"doc_id":"doc_109","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Keku\u0000iapoiwa IIKeku\u0000iapoiwa II was a Hawaiian chiefess and the mother of the king Kamehameha I.BiographyShe was named after her aunt Keku\u0000iapoiwa Nui (also known as Keku\u0000iapoiwa I), the wife of King Kekaulike of Maui.Her father was High Chief Ha\u0000ae, the son of Chiefess Kalanikauleleiaiwi and High Chief Kauaua-a-Mahi of the Mahi family of the Kohala district of Hawai\u0000i island, and brother of Alapainui. Her mother was Princess Kekelakekeokalani-a-Keawe (also known as Kekelaokalani), daughter of the same Kalanikauleleiaiwi and Keawe\u0000īkekahiali\u0000iokamoku, king of Hawaii. Her mother had been sought after by many who wished to marry into the Keawe line. She was the niece of Alapainui through both her father and mother.She married the High Chief Keōua to whom she had been betrothed since childhood. Through her double grandmother Kalanikauleleiaiwi, Keōua's own paternal grandmother, she was the double cousin of Keōua. When her uncle was staying at Kohala superintending the collection of his fleet and warriors from the different districts of the island preparatory to the invasion of Maui, in the month of Ikuwa (probably winter) Kamehameha was born probably in November 1758.: 135–136   He had his birth ceremony at the Mo\u0000okini Heiau, an ancient temple which is preserved in Kohala Historical Sites State Monument.Many stories are told about the birth of Kamehameha.One says that when Keku\u0000iapoiwa was pregnant with Kamehameha, she had a craving for the eyeball of a chief. She was given the eyeball of a man-eating shark and the priests prophesied that this meant the child would be a rebel and a killer of chiefs. Alapainui, the old ruler of the island of Hawai\u0000i, secretly made plans to have the newborn infant killed.Keku\u0000iapoiwa's time came on a stormy night in the Kohala district, when a strange star with a tail of white fire appeared in the western sky. This could have been Halley's Comet which appeared near the end of 1758. According to one legend, the baby was passed through a hole in the side of Kekuiapoiwa's thatched hut to a local Kohala chief named Nae\u0000ole, who carried the child to safety at Awini  on the island's north coast. By the time the infant in Nae\u0000ole's care was five, Alapainui had accepted him back into his household.After Kamehameha, Keku\u0000iapoiwa bore a second son, Keliimaikai. A few years later, Keōua died in Hilo, and the family moved with Alapainui to an area near Kawaihae, where she married a chief of the Kona district (and her uncle) Kamanawa.She had one daughter, Pi\u0000ipi\u0000i Kalanikaulihiwakama, from this second husband, who would later become an important military ally of Kamehameha, who was both step son and cousin through several relationships. Pi\u0000ipi\u0000i became first the wife of Keholoikalani, the father of her son Kanihonui, and later she married Kaikioewa, who she had a daughter Kuwahine with.: 18Kamehameha dynastyPassage 2:Billy MilanoBilly Milano (born June 3, 1964) is an American heavy metal and hardcore punk musician. He is the singer and occasionally guitarist and bassist of crossover thrash band M.O.D., and was the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death. Prior to these bands, Milano played in early New York hardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the career of future Agnostic Front vocalist Roger Miret. Milano was also the singer of United Forces, which included his Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Dan Lilker. Milano managed a number of bands, including Agnostic Front, for whom he also co-produced the 1997 Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give and roadie for Anthrax.DiscographyStormtroopers of Death albumsStormtroopers of Death videosMethod of Destruction (M.O.D.)MasteryPassage 3:Bernie BonvoisinBernard Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: [b\u0000\u0000na\u0000 b\u0000̃vwaz\u0000̃]), known as Bernie Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: [b\u0000\u0000ni b\u0000̃vwaz\u0000̃], born 9 July 1956 in Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine), is a French hard rock singer and film director. He is best known for having been the singer of Trust.He was one of the best friends of Bon Scott the singer of AC/DC and together they recorded the song \"Ride On\" which was one of the last songs by Bon Scott.External linksBernie Bonvoisin at IMDbPassage 4:Robin ThickeRobin Alan Thicke (born March 10, 1977)  is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. He is best known for his 2013 hit single \" Blurred Lines\" (featuring T.I. and Pharrell Williams), which is one of the best-selling singles of all time. At the 56th Annual Grammy Awards, he received nominations for Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance.Thicke is a son of actress Gloria Loring and actor Alan Thicke. He has collaborated with numerous artists, such as Nicki Minaj, Nas, 3T, T.I., Christina Aguilera, Jessie J, K. Michelle, Pharrell, DJ Cassidy, Usher, Jennifer Hudson, Flo Rida, Brandy, Kid Cudi, Mary J. Blige, Emily Ratajkowski and "}
{"doc_id":"doc_110","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Conaire CóemConaire Cóem (\"the beautiful\"), son of Mug Láma, son of Coirpre Crou-Chend, son of Coirpre Firmaora, son of Conaire Mór, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, the 111th High King of Ireland. He came to power on the death of his father-in-law Conn Cétchathach, and ruled for seven or eight years, at the end of which he was killed by Nemed, son of Sroibcenn, in the battle of Gruitine. He was succeeded by Conn's son Art.Time frameThe Lebor Gabála Érenn synchronises his reign with that of the Roman emperor Commodus (180–192). The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 136–143, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 157–165.IssueConaire had three sons by Conn's daughter Saraid. From his third son came the Síl Conairi, named after Conaire Cóem himself or his ancestor Conaire Mór.Cairpre Músc, ancestor of the Múscraige and Corcu DuibneCairpre Baschaín, ancestor of the Corcu BaiscindCairpre Riata, ancestor of the Dál RiataPassage 2:Guillaume WittouckGuillaume Wittouck (1749 - 1829) was a Belgian lawyer and High Magistrate. He was the Grandfather of industrialist Paul Wittouck and of Belgian navigator Guillaume Delcourt.BiographyGuillaume Wittouck, born in Drogenbos on 30 October 1749 and died in Brussels on 12 June 1829, lawyer at the Brabant Council, became Counselor at the Supreme Court of Brabant in 1791. During the Brabant Revolution, he sided with the Vonckists, who were in favor of new ideas. When Belgium joined France, he became substitute for the commissioner of the Directory at the Civil Court of the Department of the Dyle, then under the consulate, in 1800, judge at the Brussels Court of Appeal, then from 1804 to 1814, under the Empire, counselor at the Court of Appeal of Brussels, then advisor to the Superior Court of Brussels. He married in Brussels (Church of Saint Nicolas) on 29 June 1778, Anne Marie Cools, born in Gooik on 25 January 1754, died in Brussels on 11 April 1824, daughter of Jean Cools and Adrienne Galmaert descendants of the Seven Noble Houses of Brussels.Guillaume Wittouck acquired on 28th Floreal of the year VIII (18 May 1800) the castle of Petit-Bigard in Leeuw-Saint-Pierre with a field of one hundred hectares. Petit-Bigard will remain the home of the elder branch until its sale in 1941.Passage 3:Coirpre mac FogartaigCoirpre mac Fogartaig (died 771) was a King of Brega of the Uí Chernaig sept of Lagore of the Síl nÁedo Sláine branch of the southern Ui Neill. He was the son of the high king Fogartach mac Néill (died 724).He is not listed in the poem on the Síl nÁedo Sláine rulers in the Book of Leinster, however at his death obit in the annals for 771 he is called King of Brega. His accession to the rule of the Uí Chernaig sept in south Brega cannot be dated with certainty. His brother Fergus mac Fogartaig (died 751) is called King of South Brega at his death obit. The annals then record the deaths of his cousin Domnall mac Áeda in 759 and his brother Finsnechta mac Fogartaig in 761 with no titles. As for his accession to all of Brega, the death of the Brega king Dúngal mac Amalgado of the rival northern Uí Chonaing sept of Cnogba (Knowth) occurred in 759.Coirpre is first mentioned in the annals with regard to the death of his son Cellach, who was killed by robbers in 767. Then Coirpre is driven into exile in 769 by Donnchad Midi (died 797) of the rival southern Ui Neill branch of Clann Cholmáin based in Mide. A battle had been fought between the men of Mide and Brega in 766. The year after Coirpre's exile the men of southern Brega were defeated at the Battle of Bolgg Bóinne in 770 and two members of the sept were slain, Cernach mac Flainn (a grandson of Fogartach) and Flaithbertach mac Flainn as well as the vassal king Uarchride mac Baeth of the Deisi Brega. This was in conjunction with a campaign of Donnchad Midi versus Leinster and may have been part of that or Donnchad may have defeated the men of southern Brega on is way home. Coirpre then reappears in the year 771 at his death obit with the title King of Brega.NotesSee alsoKings of BregaPassage 4:Fogartach mac NéillFogartach Mac'Artain (died 724), sometimes called Fogartach ua Cernaich, was an Irish king who is reckoned a High King of Ireland. He belonged to the Uí Chernaig sept of the Síl nÁedo Sláine branch of the southern Uí Néill. He was King of Brega and was the son of Niall mac Cernaig Sotal (died 701) and great-grandson of the high king Diarmait mac Áedo Sláine (died 665).King of BregaFogartach may be identified with the \"Focortoch\" who signed as a guarantor of the Cáin Adomnáin at Birr in 697.The earliest report of him in the Irish annals is his flight from the battlefield at the Battle of Claenath (Clane, Co. Kildare) in 704 following the defeat of a number of southern Uí Néill kings by Cellach Cualann (died 715), King of Leinster.In 714, Fogartach was deposed as king of Brega and exiled in Britain. "}
{"doc_id":"doc_111","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Henry Bryant (naturalist)Henry Bryant (May 12, 1820 – February 2, 1867) was an American physician and naturalist.Early lifeBryant was born in Boston, and graduated from Harvard University in 1840, and then followed this from a degree at Harvard Medical School in 1843. Following this, he went to Paris to study medicine, but his health broke down while researching at a Paris hospital. In order to restore his health, he joined the French army in Algeria as a surgeon. In October 1847, Bryant returned to Boston to work with Dr. Henry Jacob Bigelow as a surgeon, but after a few months his health broke down again. After being forced to abandon medicine because of ill health, Bryant turned to natural history, especially ornithology, which was a childhood passion. Bryant visited nearby Cohasset, Massachusetts for one of his first collecting trips, but he seriously injured his stomach from a fall while landing his boat. After his recovery, he decided to push himself further in an attempt to strengthen his body. His collecting trips became more frequent and more far flung.Civil War serviceBryant took a break from natural history to volunteer as a surgeon during the American Civil War. He accepted an appointment as a surgeon for the 20th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, which was also known as \"The Harvard Regiment.\" By September 1861, Bryant was promoted to brigade surgeon. Soon after, he served on the staff of General Frederick W. Lander until March 2, 1862, when the general died of pneumonia.After Lander's death, Bryant was appointed Medical Director for General James Shield, a future senator. While serving as this post, Bryant fell off his horse so hard that his knee was nearly amputated. Despite the pain, he continued his duties. In the middle of 1862, he was placed in charge of organizing several hospitals, including Cliffburn Hospital and Lincoln Hospital. However, his mental and physical health collapsed again, and he resigned his commission in May 1863.Life after the Civil WarAfter the Civil War ended, Bryant made several trips to France, including to purchase the Frédéric de Lafresnaye collection of birds in 1865, which he presented to the Boston Society of Natural History. This collection contained nearly 9,000 mostly non-American specimen. The unpacking and remounting of the specimen was conducted by younger naturalists, including Charles Johnson Maynard, and took about a year to complete.In addition to his visits to France, Bryant collected birds in Florida, the Bahamas, Ontario and Labrador, North Carolina, Cuba, Jamaica and Puerto Rico. He was one of the first American ornithologists in the Caribbean.He died in Puerto Rico on February 2, 1867 during a brief illness on a collecting trip.Passage 2:Abd al-MuttalibShayba ibn Hāshim (Arabic: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000; c. 497–578), better known as \u0000Abd al-Mu\u0000\u0000alib, (Arabic: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, lit. 'Servant of Muttalib') was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation. He was the grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.Early lifeHis father was Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf,: 81 the progenitor of the distinguished Banu Hashim, a clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca. They claimed descent from Ismā'īl and Ibrāhīm. His mother was Salma bint Amr, from the Banu Najjar, a clan of the Khazraj tribe in Yathrib (later called Madinah). Hashim died while doing business in Gaza, before Abd al-Muttalib was born.: 81 His real name was \"Shaiba\" meaning 'the ancient one' or 'white-haired' because of the streak of white through his jet-black hair, and is sometimes also called Shaybah al-\u0000amd (\"The white streak of praise\").: 81–82 After his father's death he was raised in Yathrib with his mother and her family until about the age of eight, when his uncle Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf went to see him and asked his mother Salmah to entrust Shaybah to his care. Salmah was unwilling to let her son go and Shaiba refused to leave his mother without her consent. Mu\u0000\u0000alib then pointed out that the possibilities Yathrib had to offer were incomparable to Mecca. Salmah was impressed with his arguments, so she agreed to let him go. Upon first arriving in Mecca, the people assumed the unknown child was Muttalib's servant and started calling him 'Abd al-Muttalib (\"servant of Muttalib\").: 85–86Chieftain of Hashim clanWhen Mu\u0000\u0000alib died, Shaiba succeeded him as the chief of the Hāshim clan. Following his uncle Al-Mu\u0000\u0000alib, he took over the duties of providing the pilgrims with food and water, and carried on the practices of his forefathers with his people. He attained such eminence as none of his forefathers enjoyed; his people loved him and his reputation was great among them.: 61 'Umar ibn Al-Kha\u0000\u0000āb's grandfather Nufayl ibn Abdul Uzza arbitrated in a dispute between 'Abdul-Mu\u0000\u0000alib and \u0000arb ibn Umayyah, Abu Sufyan's father, over the custodianship of the Kaaba. Nufayl gave his verdict in favour of 'Abdul-Mu\u0000\u0000alib. Addressing \u0000arb ibn "}
{"doc_id":"doc_112","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:John VI, Duke of MecklenburgJohn VI, Duke of Mecklenburg (1439–1474) was a Duke ofMecklenburg.LifeJohn was the second son of Henry IV, Duke of Mecklenburg, and his wife Dorothea,daughter of Elector Frederick I of Brandenburg.His earliest documented official act (jointly with thefather) was in 1451.  In 1464 he ruled an apanage of several districts jointly with his brother Albert VI,but did not participate actively in administering them.In 1472, John VI was engaged to Sophie, thedaughter of Duke Eric II of Pomerania.  The marriage was set to be celebrated in 1474.  However, JohnVI died before the marriage took place.  The exact date of his death is unknown; he is last mentioned in adocument dated 20 May 1474.His last illness was contracted on a journey to Franconia to visit his uncleElector Albrecht III Achilles of Brandenburg.  In Kulmbach, he was infected with the plague and died.  Hewas probably buried in Poor Clares monastery in Hof.External linksGenealogical table of the House ofMecklenburgPassage 2:Eric II, Duke of MecklenburgEric II, Duke of Mecklenburg (German: Erich II.,Herzog zu Mecklenburg; 3 September 1483 – 21/22 December 1508) was Duke of Mecklenburg, a son ofMagnus II, Duke of Mecklenburg, and his wife Sophie of Pomerania-Stettin.Eric ruledMecklenburg-Schwerin jointly with his brothers Henry V and Albert VII and his uncle Balthasar after hisfather's death on 27 December 1503.  Eric himself probably died on 21 December or 22 December 1508.He was buried in the Doberan Minster in Bad Doberan. He never married and died childless.Passage3:John I, Duke of Mecklenburg-StargardJohn I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard (1326 – 9 August 1392 or9 February 1393), Duke of Mecklenburg from 1344 to 1352 and Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard from 1352to 1392.FamilyHe was probably the youngest child from the second marriage of Lord Henry II \"the Lion\"of Mecklenburg and Anna of Saxe-Wittenberg, a daughter of Duke Albert II of Saxe-Wittenberg.LifeJohn Iwas probably born in 1326.  His father died in 1329, and he remained under guardianship until 1344,when he came of age and began to carry a seal as a participant in the governance of Mecklenburg.  On 8July 1348, Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV raised John and his brother Albert II to the rank of Duke inPrague.  John, Albert and Charles initially supported the False Waldemar, but in 1350 they reconciled withhis supporter Duke Louis V of Bavaria.Upon the division of Mecklenburg on 25 November 1352, John wasawarded the Lordships of Stargard, Sternbuerg and Ture.  He supported his nephew Albert III ofMecklenburg in his attempts to be recognized as King of Sweden.Marriages and issueJohn married threetimes. His first wife Rixa (background unknown) probably died soon after the wedding and the marriageremained childless.His second wife Anna was a daughter of the count Adolf VII of Pinneberg andSchauenburg.  She probably died in 1358.  John and Anna had a daughter Anna, who married WartislawVI of Pomerania-Wolgast on 4 April 1363.John's third wife Agnes was the daughter of Ulrich II ofLindow-Ruppin and widow of Lord Nicholas IV of Werle.  They probably married in 1358 and had fivechildren together:John II (died between 6 July and 9 October 1416), co-regent, then Duke ofMecklenburg-Stargard, from 1408 Lord of Sternberg, Friedland, Fürstenberg and LychenUlrich I (died 8April 1417), co-regent, then Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard (1392–1417), from 1408 Lord ofNeubrandenburg, Stargard, Strelitz and Wesenberg (with Lize)Rudolf (died after 28 July 1415), wasinitially Bishop of Skara and from 1390 as Rudolf III Bishop of SchwerinAlbert I (died 1397), co-regent ofMecklenburg, from 1396 Coadjutor of DorpatContance (born c. 1373, died 1408)ExternallinksGenealogical table of the House of MecklenburgPassage 4:Eilika of SaxonyEilika of Saxony (c. 1080 –16 January 1142) was a daughter of Magnus, Duke of Saxony and a member of the Billung dynasty.Through marriage to Otto of Ballenstedt, she was countess of Ballenstedt.LifeEilika was the youngerdaughter of Magnus, Duke of Saxony and Sophia, daughter of King Béla I of Hungary. Since Eilika had nobrothers, after her father's death in 1106, Eilika and her sister, Wulfhilde of Saxony, inherited hisproperty. Eilika received property in Bernburg, Weißenfels, Werben and perhaps also in Burgwerden andKreichau, as well as the Palatinate of Saxony.In 1130 Eilika was in conflict with the citizens of the city ofHalle, probably because of her support for Archbishop Norbert of Magdeburg. Fighting broke out, duringwhich Conrad of Eichstadt was killed, and from which Eilika only escaped with difficulty.  Around 1131Eilika wrested the advocacy of the monastery of Goseck (monastery) from Louis of Thuringia, and took it"}
{"doc_id":"doc_113","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Vadim VlasovVadim Nikolayevich Vlasov (Russian: Вадим Николаевич Власов; born 19December 1980) is a former Russian football player.Vlasov played in the Russian Premier League with FCLokomotiv Nizhny Novgorod.He is a younger brother of Dmitri Vlasov.Passage 2:Claude BraceyClaudeBracey (June 8, 1909 – September 23, 1940), known variously as the \"Texas Flyer,\" the \"Dixie Flyer,\"and the \"Texas Tornado,\" was an American sprinter who tied world records in the 100-yard and100-meter races between 1928 and 1932.  He competed for the United States at the 1928 SummerOlympics in Amsterdam and also won the 100-yard and 220-yard sprints at the 1928 NCAA Men's Trackand Field Championships.Early lifeBracey grew up in Humble, Texas and attended Humble HighSchool.  As a boy, he participated in games of \"hare-and-hound,\" in which the children would chase eachother from one end of town to the other.  Bracey was so fast that rival sides would quarrel over whowhich side would have him.  He gained prominence as a runner at Humble High.Rice UniversityBraceyattended Rice Institute located in Houston, Texas.  He competed in intercollegiate track for the Rice Owlsfrom 1927 to 1930 and for the United States at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam.  He wasregarded as \"the first man to bring Rice Institute athletic fame.\"  Bracey was considered a \"big andrangy\" runner.  Between 1928 and 1929, he gained weight and was reported in 1929 to be six feet talland approximately 160 pounds.  In 1929, Bracey described his minimalist approach to training asfollows:\"Sprinters are born, not made, and running comes natural with me.  As long as I take care ofmyself and eat reasonably, I get along fine. I don't train any during the summer.  That's vacation timeand I make it that by spending those weeks fishing.  Laying off like that doesn't bother me.  After all, adash man doesn't need much wind.  I only take two or three breaths in 100 yards.\"A feature storypublished in 1929 described Bracey as \"almost a recluse,\" a quiet person who rarely left campus, neverwears formal clothes, and \"thinks society is all wet.\"Championships and recordsIn June 1928, Bracey wonboth sprint events at the 1928 NCAA Men's Track and Field Championships with times of 9.6 seconds inthe 100-yard race and 20.9 seconds in the 220-yard race.  He was the first athlete from Rice to win anNCAA track championship in any event, and it was 1938 before another Rice athlete (Fred Wolcott)accomplished the feat.He qualified for the U.S. Olympic team in 1928 and traveled with the team to the1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam.  He finished fifth in the semifinals of the 100-meter race at theOlympic games with a time of 10.8 seconds. He was the first Rice athlete to compete in the Olympicgames; it was 1948 before another Rice athlete competed in the Olympics.At the Texas Relays in March1929, Bracey tied the world record in the 100-yard sprint with a time of 9.5 seconds.  The next day, heran the event in 9.4 seconds, but the record was not recognized due to wind conditions.  Football coachKnute Rockne officiated the sprint event in which Bracey's world record was disallowed due to windconditions.  Rockne told reporters that Bracey was the best sprinter he had seen and added: \"Bracey is astreak.  He is as good as any of them off the marks and runs the last 40 yards faster than any man I eversaw.  He had the wind with him when he did 9.4 at Dallas but on both that occasion and the day beforehe beat George Simpson of Ohio State by about four yards.  You all know how good Simpson is.\"At the1929 NCAA Men's Track and Field Championships, Bracey lost his title in the sprint events as Ohio State'sGeorge Simpson won both events, and Bracey finished second in the 100-yard race and third in the220-yard event.Bracey continued to compete through 1932.  He tied the world record in the 100-meterrace with a time of 10.4 seconds in June 1932.  In July 1932, he qualified in the preliminaries of the100-meter and 200-meter events at the Far Western Olympic team trials at Long Beach,California.  However, he was taken to a hospital the following day after an attack of appendicitis and wasunable to participate in the finals, which were held while he was in the hospital.Death and posthumoushonorsBracey died in Buckeye, Arizona on September 23, 1940, leaving behind wife, Anna Bess SingletonBracey and daughter, Linda Anne Bracey (Mulpagano) who was 4 months of age at the time of herfather's death.In 1970, Bracey was selected as one of the initial inductees into the Rice Athletic Hall ofFame.Passage 3:John G. AdolfiJohn Gustav Adolfi (February 19, 1888 – May 11, 1933) was an Americansilent film director, actor, and screenwriter who was involved in more than 100 productions throughout"}
{"doc_id":"doc_114","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Jon LeachJonathan Leach (born April 18, 1973) is a former professional tennis player from theUnited States. He is the husband of Lindsay Davenport.Professional careerLeach, an All-American playerat USC, made his Grand Slam debut at the 1991 US Open when he partnered David Witt in the men'sdoubles. He competed in the doubles at Indian Wells in 1992 with Brian MacPhie and before exiting in thesecond round they defeated a seeded pairing of Luke Jensen and Laurie Warder. A doubles specialist, hisonly singles appearance came at Indian Wells in 1994. With Brett Hansen-Dent as his partner, Leachmade the second round of the 1995 US Open, with a win over Dutch players Richard Krajicek and JanSiemerink. At the 1996 US Open, his third and final appearance at the tournament, Leach partnered withhis brother Rick. He also played in the mixed doubles, with Amy Frazier. His only doubles title on the ATPChallenger Tour came at Weiden, Germany in 1996.Personal lifeThe son of former USC tennis coach DickLeach, he was brought up in California and went to Laguna Beach High School. Leach married tennisplayer Lindsay Davenport in Hawaii on April 25, 2003. Their first child, a son named Jagger, was born in2007. They have had a further three children, all daughters. An investment banker, Leach is also involvedin coaching and worked with young American player Madison Keys in the 2015 season. His elder brother,Rick Leach, was also a professional tennis player, who won five Grand Slam doubles titles and reachednumber one in the world for doubles.Challenger titlesDoubles: (1)Passage 2:LapidothLapidoth (Hebrew:\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 Lapī\u0000ō\u0000, \"torches\") was the husband of Deborah the fourth Judge of Israel.Lapidoth is also a Hebrew male given name.Passage 3:Alan PownallStephen Alan Fletcher Pownall (born30 December 1984) is an English singer-songwriter and the husband of actress Gabriella Wilde.MusicTheson of Orlando Pownall, QC, he grew up in Richmond-upon-Thames and was educated at WindleshamHouse School, Marlborough College and Shiplake College. Originally interested in fashion, he worked forFrench designer Roland Mouret for two years, where he was advised to study in Milan. He went on tostudy fashion design but dropped out a year later in 2006 to pursue a music career in London.Aftermeeting Adele at one of her early gigs, he told her that he was making music and she should look it up.To his surprise, he was contacted via his MySpace profile and asked to support her on her first Britishtour. As he only had a four-song set, he wrote a lot of his material whilst on tour. He also toured withPaloma Faith, Lissie, Marina and the Diamonds, Noah and the Whale and Florence and the Machine.Heshared a flat in London with fellow singer/songwriter Jay Jay Pistolet (who would go on to become thefront man of The Vaccines). He later moved in with Marcus Mumford and Winston Marshall from Mumfordand Sons, who he supposedly introduced to Ted Dwane.In one interview he claims to be \"all but deaf inright ear.\"Pownall's debut EP was released on 5 April 2010 through Mercury Records and his album TrueLove Stories was released on 25 June 2010. They parted company shortly after the release in late 2010,with Pownall taking a two and a half year break from music.Pownall and   formed the electro-pop duoPale in late 2012, with Pownall as the singer. Pale has supported The Vaccines and Sky Ferreira ontour.  They worked with Jas Shaw of Simian Mobile Disco to produce their first two singles, releasedthrough the independent label 37 Adventures. As of November 2017, their Facebook and Soundcloudpages show that Pale has been dormant since releasing an EP, The Comeback, in 2014.Since 2019,Pownall has been releasing and performing under the pseudonym Alan Power.Personal lifeOn 13September 2014, Pownall married actress Gabriella Wilde. The couple's first son, Sasha Blue Pownall, wasborn on 3 February 2014. In 2016, Wilde gave birth to their second son, Shiloh Silva Pownall. Gabriellahas since given birth to their third son Skye in 2019.DiscographyStudio albumPassage 4:James RandallMarshJames Randall Marsh (1896–1966) was an American artist and the husband of Anne SteeleMarsh.BiographyMarsh was born in 1896 in Paris, France. He was the son of Frederick Dana Marsh andAlice Randall Marsh. He was the brother of the painter Reginald Marsh.He married Anne Steele in 1925and the couple settled in Essex Fells, New Jersey. There Marsh set up a metal forge which he used tocreate industrial and residential lighting fixtures. In 1948, the Marshes relocated to Pittstown, New Jerseywhere James continued operating a forge, expanding the operation to include decorative metal work. Hiswork was mainly in the American Arts and Craft style.In 1952, Marsh was instrumental in establishing the"}
{"doc_id":"doc_115","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Margaret Clifford, Countess of DerbyMargaret Stanley, Countess of Derby (née Lady MargaretClifford; 1540 – 28 September 1596) was the only surviving daughter of Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl ofCumberland and Lady Eleanor Brandon. Her maternal grandparents were Charles Brandon, 1st Duke ofSuffolk and Mary Tudor, Queen of France. Mary was the third daughter of King Henry VII of England andElizabeth of York.Early lifeMargaret was born at Brougham Castle in 1540. Her mother died when she wasseven and her father left court.Claim to the throneAccording to the will of Henry VIII, Margaret was inline to inherit the throne of England. Upon the death of her mother, Margaret became seventh in line.However, both her cousins Lady Jane Grey and Lady Mary Grey died without issue, and their sister, herother cousin, Lady Catherine Grey, died without the legitimacy of her two sons ever being proven (thiswas later established but only after the death of Elizabeth I). Margaret quickly moved up to becoming thefirst in line to the throne but died prior to the death of Elizabeth I.Marriage and familyIn 1552, JohnDudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland suggested a marriage of his youngest son Guildford to Margaret,yet, although the proposal had the warm support of Edward VI, her father was against it. A year later, inJune 1553, the Imperial ambassador Jehan Scheyfve reported that Northumberland's brother AndrewDudley would marry Margaret. The Dudleys were imprisoned when Mary I gained the throne.Margaretjoined Mary's court and married Henry Stanley, 4th Earl of Derby on 7 February 1555 in the Chapel Royalat Whitehall Palace. They had something of a stormy relationship. Margaret wrote that there were several\"breaches and reconciliations\", but that her husband finally left her leaving serious debt. In 1567, Lady LeStrange petitioned the Queen's advisor, William Cecil, for a financial settlement from her estrangedhusband.With whom she had at least four children:Edward Stanley. Died young.Ferdinando Stanley, 5thEarl of Derby (c. 1559 – 16 April 1594).William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby (c. 1561 – 29 September1642).Francis Stanley (b. 1562). Died young.She later married Thomas Fitzwilliam Le Strange, and in1563 gave birth to a daughter Frances Jenison (née Le Strange) and possibly several otherchildren.Disgrace and deathIn 1579, Margaret was arrested after she had been heard discussing aproposed marriage of Queen Elizabeth to the Duke d'Alençon. She was opposed to it as it threatened herown possible accession to the crown. She was then accused of using sorcery to predict when Elizabethwould die, and even of planning to poison Elizabeth.Simply predicting the death of a monarch was acapital offence at the time. The countess was put under house arrest. She wrote to Francis Walsinghaminsisting on her innocence. She claimed that the accused sorcerer, William Randall, was in fact herphysician, who was staying with her because he could cure \"sickness and weakness in my body\". Randallwas subsequently executed. No charges were brought against the countess, but she was banished fromcourt. She wrote repeatedly to the queen complaining that she was in a \"black dungeon of sorrow anddespair....overwhelmed with heaviness through the loss of your majesty's favour and graciouscountenance.\" She continued to be plagued by demands from creditors.Margaret died in 1596 withouthaving recovered royal favour, and having outlived her eldest son, Ferdinando. Her granddaughter, LadyAnne Stanley, Ferdinando's oldest daughter, inherited her claim. Elizabeth I was eventually succeeded bythe genealogically senior claimant, James VI of Scotland.PortraitThere is a discrepancy as to who thesitter is in the Hans Eworth portrait which is featured. The coat of arms in the top left corner, which mayhave been added later, are the impaled arms (those of a husband and wife) of Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl ofCumberland, and his wife Lady Eleanor, daughter of Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, and MaryTudor, Dowager Queen of France. As a result, the painting has been frequently exhibited in the past as aportrait of Lady Eleanor, regardless of the fact that she died in 1547, well before the date of this portrait.It is, however, a rule of heraldry that impaled arms are not used by the children of a marriage, as theywould have their own. Hence the later addition and erroneous use of the arms here suggests that theidentity of the portrait was already unclear only two or three generations after it was painted, a situationby no means unusual amid the frequent early deaths, multiple marriages, and shifting alliances andfortunes of the most powerful families of the Tudor era. Later the portrait was thought to represent theonly child of Eleanor and Henry to survive infancy, Margaret. The inscription on the right which might"}
{"doc_id":"doc_116","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Marie-Louise CoidavidQueen Marie Louise Coidavid (1778 – 11 March 1851) was the Queen ofthe Kingdom of Haiti 1811–20 as the spouse of Henri Christophe.Early lifeMarie-Louise was born into afree black family; her father was the owner of Hotel de la Couronne, Cap-Haïtien. Henri Christophe was aslave purchased by her father. Supposedly, he earned enough money in tips from his duties at the hotelthat he was able to purchase his freedom before the Haitian Revolution. They married in Cap-Haïtien in1793, having had a relationship with him from the year prior. They had four children: François Ferdinand(born 1794), Françoise-Améthyste (d. 1831), Athénaïs (d. 1839) and Victor-Henri.At her spouse's newposition in 1798, she moved to the Sans-Souci Palace. During the French invasion, she and her childrenlived underground until 1803.QueenIn 1811, Marie-Louise was given the title of queen upon the creationof the Kingdom of Haiti. Her new status gave her ceremonial tasks to perform, ladies-in-waiting, asecretary and her own court. She took her position seriously, and stated that the title \"given to her by thenation\" also gave her responsibilities and duties to perform. She served as the hostess of the ceremonialroyal court life performed at the Sans-Souci Palace. She did not involve herself in the affairs of state. Shewas given the position of Regent should her son succeed her spouse while still being a minor.  However,as her son became of age before the death of his father, this was never to materialize.After the death ofthe king in 1820, she remained with her daughters Améthyste and Athénaïs at the palace until they wereescorted from it by his followers together with his corpse; after their departure, the palace was attackedand plundered. Marie-Louise and her daughters were given the property Lambert outside Cap. She wasvisited by president Jean Pierre Boyer, who offered her his protection; he denied the spurs of gold shegave him, stating that he was the leader of poor people. They were allowed to settle in Port-au-Prince.Marie-Louise was described as calm and resigned, but her daughters, especially Athénaïs, were describedas vengeful.ExileThe Queen was in exile for 30 years. In August 1821, the former queen left Haiti withher daughters under the protection of the British admiral Sir Home Popham, and travelled to London.There were rumours that she was searching for the money, three million, deposited by her spouse inEurope. Whatever the case, she did live the rest of her life without economic difficulties. The Englishclimate and pollution during the Industrial Revolution was determintal to Améthyste's health, andeventually they decided to leave.In 1824, Marie-Louise and her daughters moved in Pisa in Italy, wherethey lived for the rest of their lives, Améthyste dying shortly after their arrival and Athénaïs in 1839.They lived discreetly for the most part, but were occasionally bothered by fortune hunters and throneclaimers who wanted their fortune. Shortly before her death, she wrote to Haiti for permission to return.She never did, however, before she died in Italy. She is buried in the church of San Donnino. A historicalmarker was installed in front of the church on April 23, 2023 to commemorate the Queen, her daughterand her sister.See alsoMarie-Claire Heureuse FélicitéAdélina LévêquePassage 2:Sophia Magdalena ofDenmarkSophia Magdalena of Denmark (Danish: Sophie Magdalene; Swedish: Sofia Magdalena; 3 July1746 – 21 August 1813) was Queen of Sweden from 1771 to 1792 as the wife of King Gustav III. Borninto the House of Oldenburg, the royal family of Denmark-Norway, Sophia Magdalena was the firstdaughter of King Frederick V of Denmark and Norway and his first consort, Princess Louise of GreatBritain. Already at the age of five, she was betrothed to Gustav, the heir apparent to the throne ofSweden, as part of an attempt to improve the traditionally tense relationship between the twoScandinavian realms. She was subsequently brought up to be the Queen of Sweden, and they married in1766. In 1771, Sophia's husband ascended to the throne and became King of Sweden, making SophiaQueen of Sweden. Their coronation was on 29 May 1772.The politically arranged marriage wasunsuccessful. The desired political consequences for the mutual relations between the two countries didnot materialize, and on a personal level the union also proved to be unhappy. Sophia Magdalena was of aquiet and serious nature, and found it difficult to adjust to her husband's pleasure seeking court. Shedutifully performed her ceremonial duties but did not care for social life and was most comfortable inquiet surroundings with a few friends. However, she was liked by many in the Caps party, believing shewas a symbol of virtue and religion. The relationship between the spouses improved somewhat in the"}
{"doc_id":"doc_117","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Charles James Irwin Grant, 6th Baron de LongueuilCharles James Irwin Grant, only son ofCharles William Grant, 5th Baron de Longueuil and Caroline Coffin, was born in Montreal on 1 April 1815.He served in the 79th Regiment as a lieutenant for a while. He later married Henriet Colmore, from whomhe fathered two sons (Alexander Frederick, died age 2 and Charles Colmore) as well as a daughter. Hiswife Henriet died in 1847 and he remarried in Charleston, South Carolina on 18 January 1849 to AnneTrapman, second daughter of Louis Trapman, a consul. He had many children from this union includingReginald Charles and John Charles Moore. He died on 26 February 1879 at age 63.AncestryPassage2:James BillmyerJames Irwin Billmyer (May 14, 1897 - July 9, 1989) was an American modern painterand illustrator.Early yearsJames Billmyer was born in Union Bridge, Maryland and received his BA fromWestern Maryland College. He continued his studies at the National Academy of Design, Beaux Arts, theArt Students’ League, Cooper Union, Maryland Institute, Baltimore Charcoal Club, and Baltimore GrandCentral School of Art.Some of his influential teachers included John Sloan, George Luks, Frank VincentDumond, George Bridgeman, William De Leftwüch Dodge, Dean Cornwell, and Harvey Dunn.Billnyer wasinvolved with the commercial art of periodicals and advertising, working as an illustrator for magazinessuch as “Cosmopolitan”, “Family Circle”, “House and Garden”, “Ladies Home Journal”, “ParentsMagazine”, and Collier’s \"Good Housekeeping”.  In 1931, he became a member of the American Societyof Illustrators.WorkBillmyer travelled extensively in Latin and Central America, Canada, the Near East,and Europe, exploring the history and cultures of these locations, which ultimately impacts his work. Inthe 1950s and 1960s, he was a part of the 10th Street galleries scene. For twelve years, he studiedplastics under the tutelage of Hans Hofmann in New York and Provincetown.  Hofmann showed him theimportance of objects moved out from the canvas and resolved back into it.  This type of painting thatdeals with multiple rhythms, colors, and angles, offers viewers a higher-dimensional experience. Billmyerhas created patterns in and out of divided planes that go in independent directions before receding backinto the canvas, which is his unique adaption of Hofmann’s methods. Many of his patterns and formsappear in the film “The Hypercube: Projections and Slicing.” Billmyer has taught and lectured at the NewYork School of Interior Design, The Hudson River School, Spellman College, Miami Art Center,  theNaskeay School, Maine, and his own New York School.Passage 3:John Charles Moore Grant, 9th Baron deLongueuilJohn Charles Moore de Bienville Grant, 9th Baron de Longueuil was born in 1861 at Bath,Somerset. He was the son of Charles James Irwin Grant and Anne Marie Catherine Trapman. Hesucceeded to the title of Baron de Longueuil on 3 August 1931. He died on 17 October 1935 at Pau,France.AncestryPassage 4:Charlie PartridgeCharles James Partridge (born December 7, 1973) is anAmerican college football coach. He is the assistant head football coach and defensive line coach at theUniversity of Pittsburgh, a position he has held since 2018. Partridge served as the head football coach atFlorida Atlantic University from 2014 to 2016.Playing careerA native of Plantation, Florida, Partridgeattended Drake University, where he was a team captain of the football team. Later he also attendedIowa State University.Coaching careerPartridge's first coaching experience was as a graduate assistantwith the Drake Bulldogs and the Iowa State Cyclones. From there he became the defensive line coach ofthe Eastern Illinois Panthers. Partridge served as defensive line coach, linebackers coach, and specialteams coordinator of the Pitt Panthers for five seasons before joining the Wisconsin Badgers. He wasnamed co-defensive coordinator at Wisconsin in January 2011. On December 15, 2012 the University ofArkansas announced the hiring of Partridge as the defensive line coach. Partridge was widely credited asWisconsin's lead recruiter in the state of Florida, and helped land five-star running back Alex Collins forthe Razorbacks in his first two months on the job. Partridge followed former Wisconsin Badgers headcoach Bret Bielema to Arkansas.Partridge was hired as the head coach at Florida Atlantic on December16, 2013. He was fired on November 27, 2016.On February 14, 2017 Partridge was announced as thedefensive line coach at Pittsburgh.Personal lifePartridge is married with two children.Head coachingrecordPassage 5:Charles William Grant, 5th Baron de LongueuilCharles William Grant was born in 1782.He was the son of Captain David Alexander Grant and Marie-Charles-Joseph Le Moyne, Baronne de"}
{"doc_id":"doc_118","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of NorfolkThomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, KG (22March 1366 – 22 September 1399) was an English peer. As a result of his involvement in the powerstruggles which led up to the fall of King Richard II, he was banished and died in exile inVenice.Background and youthThe Mowbrays were an old family in the English peerage, having been firstraised to the baronage in 1295. Several advantageous marriages, combined with loyal service to thecrown and rewards from it made them, by the late 14th century, a great political standing. Thomas wasthe son of John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray and his wife Elizabeth Segrave, the daughter andheiress of John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave by his wife Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk, daughter andheiress of Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk,  the fifth son of King Edward I.Thomas Mowbray wasborn in 1366; the precise date is unknown. He was probably named after the cult of St Thomas Becket, ofwhich his mother was a follower. His elder brother John was their father's heir; he died in 1368. Fouryears later, they became the ward of their great-aunt, Blanche of Lancaster. John was created Earl ofNottingham on the coronation of King Richard II in 1377, but died in early 1383. Almostimmediately—within a few days—the earldom was re-granted to Thomas, and even though he was stilllegally a minor, he was allowed seisin of his patrimony and the comital penny.Political backgroundRichardII succeeded to the throne in 1377 on the death of his grandfather, Edward III, but his unpopularity hadbeen growing since Richard's suppression of the Peasants' Revolt in 1381. He was increasingly criticisedfor his patronage of a few select royal favourites, to an extent that has been described as \"lavish to thepoint of foolishness\" by a biographer, historian Anthony Tuck. Parliament was also coming to the viewthat the King needed to rule as economically as possible, and they observed with displeasure the King'sdistribution of extravagant patronage to a limited circle, the greatest recipient of which was Michael de laPole, Earl of Suffolk. Furthermore, the Hundred Years' War was going poorly for England. Severalexpeditions had left for France in the early years of Richard's reign to defend English territory, but theywere almost all military and political failures.As a second son, little is recorded of Mowbray's youth,although his background and status \"virtually guaranteed him a place at court\", says Saul. The King andMowbray had probably been childhood friends, and was a royal favourite from at least 1382, when he wasgranted hunting rights in certain royal forests and was knighted. It was around this time that Bolingbrokebegan to fall out of favour with the King, with Mowbray supplanting him. Mowbray also married theten-year-old Lady Elizabeth Lestrange, heiress of John, Lord Blakemere, whose marriage cost the Kingaround £1000. Elizabeth died in 1383, not long after the wedding.Career to 1390Mowbray remained highin royal favour following the death of his wife, and he was elected to the Order of the Garter in Octoberthe same year, even though he was militarily unproven. The King granted him grace and favour rooms atthe royal palaces of Eltham and Kings Langley. Reflecting his role as an important courtier, Mowbrayaccompanied Richard on his tour of East Anglia in 1383. His closeness to the King drew the opprobrium ofthe King's uncle, John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster—probably the most powerful man in the Kingdomafter the King—upon him. Gaunt accused Mowbray, along with Robert, Earl of Oxford and William, Earl ofSalisbury of plotting against the King. Gaunt himself was becoming increasingly unpopular and hadwithdrawn from the council. As a result, says the chronicler Thomas Walsingham, Mowbray, de Vere andMontacute plotted to kill the duke in February 1385. The King held jousts between the 13th and 14th ofthe month, and Gaunt's murder was to be committed on the 14th; it is possible that Richard did notdisapprove, such had relations between him and his uncle broken down. Originally, this had been overforeign policy; Gaunt favoured a restoration of the war with France, while Richard was keen to invadeScotland Gaunt had also recently told Richard that he viewed the King's advisors as \"unsavoury\", andMowbray and his friends deliberately exacerbated the two men's antagonism by proffering a series ofaccusations against the duke. Gaunt received a forewarning of the attack, however, and fled in thenight.On 30 June 1385—as the royal army was about to leave for Scotland—Mowbray received hisgreat-grandfather's office of Marshal of England, although he could not have foreseen this eventuality asat the time the campaign was announced the marshalcy was possessed by the Earl of Kent. Mowbray led"}
{"doc_id":"doc_119","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Erard II, Count of BrienneErard II of Brienne (died 1191) was count of Brienne from 1161 to1191, and a French general during the Third Crusade, most notably at the Siege of Acre. He was the sonof Gautier II, count of Brienne, and Humbeline Baudemont, daughter of Andrew, lord of Baudemont andAgnes of Braine.  His paternal grandparents were Erard I, Count of Brienne and Alix de Roucy. During thissiege he saw his brother André of Brienne die on 4 October 1189, before being killed himself on 8February 1191.  Erard II's nephew was Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt.Before 1166 he married Agnès ofMontfaucon († after 1186), daughter of Amadeus II of Montfaucon and of Béatrice ofGrandson-Joinville.  Their children were:Walter III of Brienne (died 1205) count of Brienne and claimantto the throne of Sicily.William of Brienne (died 1199) lord of Pacy-sur-Armançon, married Eustachie ofCourtenay, daughter of Peter I of Courtenay and Elisabeth of Courtenay.John of Brienne (1170–1237),king of Jerusalem (1210–1225), then emperor of Constantinople (1231–1237).AndrewIda of Brienne whomarried Ernoul of Reynel lord of Pierrefitte.Passage 2:John Montgomery GloverJohn Montgomery Glover(September 4, 1822 – November 15, 1891) was a  North American politician, who served as a U.S.Representative from Missouri, he was the uncle of John Milton Glover.Early lifeBorn in Harrodsburg,Kentucky, Glover attended the public schools in Kentucky.He moved to Missouri in 1836 with his parents,who settled in Knox County, near Newark, and continued his schooling.He attended Marion and MasonicColleges, Philadelphia, Missouri.He studied law.He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice inSt. Louis, Missouri.He moved to California in 1850 and continued the practice of his profession.Hereturned to Knox County, Missouri, in 1855 to take charge of his father's affairs.CareerDuring the CivilWar served as colonel of the Third Regiment, Missouri Volunteer Cavalry, beginning September 4,1861.  His service with the regiment was in a variety of points within Missouri and Arkansas.  At variouspoints during his service, he detached as the Commander of the District of Rolla, the Sub-District of PilotKnob and the 2nd Brigade, Cavalry Division, Department of the Missouri.  On February 23, 1864 hetendered his resignation in Springfield, Illinois, on account of impaired health.He served as collector ofinternal revenue for the third district of Missouri from December 1, 1866, until March 3, 1867.Glover waselected as a Democrat to the Forty-third, Forty-fourth, and Forty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1873 –March 3, 1879).He served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of theTreasury (Forty-fifth Congress).He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1878.He engagedin agricultural pursuits.He died near Newark, Missouri, November 15, 1891.He was interred on his farmnear Newark, Missouri.He was reinterred in Woodland Cemetery, Quincy, Illinois.Passage 3:ChristopherH. ClarkChristopher Henderson Clark (1767 – November 21, 1828) was a congressman and lawyer fromVirginia. He was the brother of James Clark, the uncle of John Bullock Clark, Sr. and the great-uncle ofJohn Bullock Clark, Jr.BiographyBorn in Albemarle County, Virginia, Clark attended Washington College,studied law in the office of Patrick Henry and was admitted to the bar in 1788, commencing practice inNew London, Campbell County, Virginia. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1790and was elected a Democratic-Republican to the United States House of Representatives to fill a vacancyin 1804, serving until his resignation in 1806. He resumed practicing law until his death near New Londonon November 21, 1828. He was interred at a private cemetery at Old Lawyers Station near Lynchburg,Virginia.External linksUnited States Congress. \"Christopher H. Clark (id: C000424)\". BiographicalDirectory of the United States Congress.Passage 4:John of BrienneJohn of Brienne (c. 1170 – 19–23March 1237), also known as John I, was King of Jerusalem from 1210 to 1225 and Latin Emperor ofConstantinople from 1229 to 1237. He was the youngest son of Erard II of Brienne, a wealthy noblemanin Champagne. John, originally destined for an ecclesiastical career, became a knight and owned smallestates in Champagne around 1200. After the death of his brother, Walter III, he ruled the County ofBrienne on behalf of his minor nephew Walter IV (who lived in southern Italy).The barons of the Kingdomof Jerusalem proposed that John marry their queen, Maria. With the consent of Philip II of France andPope Innocent III, he left France for the Holy Land and married the queen; the couple were crowned in1210. After Maria's death in 1212 John administered the kingdom as regent for their infant daughter"}
{"doc_id":"doc_120","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:En Aasai UnnoduthanEn Aasai Unnoduthan (transl. My desire is with you) is a 1983 IndianTamil-language romance film edited and directed by K. Narayanan. The film stars Prem and PoornimaJayaram, with Thengai Srinivasan, Y. G. Mahendran, Rajini, Oru Viral Krishna Rao and Jaishankar insupporting roles. It was released on 30 September 1983.PlotCastPremPoornima JayaramThengaiSrinivasanY. G. MahendranRajiniOru Viral Krishna RaoJaishankarSoundtrackThe soundtrack wascomposed by Shankar–Ganesh. The song \"Devi Koondhalo\" is based on \"Happy Together\" by TheTurtles.ReceptionJayamanmadhan of Kalki said that, apart from the inclusion of Y. G. Mahendran,Thengai Srinivasan and Oru Viral Krishna Rao among others, there was nothing special about thefilm.Passage 2:En Aasai RasaveEn Aasai Rasave is a 1998 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed byKasthuri Raja. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan and Murali while Raadhika, Roja and Suvalakshmi all playother supporting roles. The film, which focussed on the lives of karakattam dance artists, released on 28August 1998.PlotValayapathi is a karakattam artist who is revered. Azhagurani is a well-to-do rich womanwho falls in love with him and gets married leaving her riches behind. Due to a misunderstanding, theyseparate leaving their child Muthumani with Valayapathi who brings him up in the karakattam tradition.Manoranjitham is in love with Muthumani.Enter Nagajyoti who claims she is the best and prodsValayapathu/Muthumani into a competition thereby gaining entry into their lives. She slowly turns thetide and Muthumani and her fall in love. It is revealed that Nagajyoti is Muthumani's cross-cousin and hascome in with the ulterior motive of reuniting Azhagurani, her aunt, and Valayapathi. Does shesucceed?CastSivaji Ganesan as ValayapathiRaadhika as AzhaguraniMurali as MuthumaniRoja asNagajyotiVijayakumarSuvalakshmi as ManoranjithamVinu ChakravarthySenthilManivannanDelhiGaneshG. Ramachandran (producer)R. SundarrajanManoramaMahanadhi ShankarSoundtrackThe musicof this album was scored by Deva. Lyrics were written by Kasthuri Raja.ReceptionD. S. Ramanujam ofThe Hindu wrote, \"Age has withered and shackled Ganesan's virtuosity, the sparkle in his eyes and theauthority in his voice that were his forte are no longer there. Whenever B. Kannan's camera takes aclose-up of the veteran, it only raises visions of this great artiste in his prime in similar scenes in hisearlier movies and becomes a sad reminder\"Passage 3:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director offilm, television and theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directingepisodic television and television films. Some of his television series credits include Love Is a ManySplendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney &Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: TheRideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), QueenSized (2008) and among other films. He directed \"Heart in Hiding\", written by his wife Audrey DavisLevin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming adirector, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions. He costarred with Susan Strasberg in\"[The Diary of Ann Frank]\" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army. Hetrained at the Carnegie Mellon University. Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productionsat the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company. He also co-founded theoff-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was alsoan associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company.Passage 4:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is anAustralian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editoronly)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989)(mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettieand Me (2002) (TV movie)Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008)(documentary)The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)Passage 5:Kasthuri RajaKasthuri Raja is an Indian filmdirector. He is the father of director Selvaraghavan and actor Dhanush. He worked as an assistantdirector with Director K.S.G. Most of the films he directed were either village based or infatuation ofyoungsters. He also worked with Director Visu on more than 16 films. Prior to entering the film industry,he ran away from home to Chennai and worked in a mill.FilmographyAs directorAs an actorAval"}
{"doc_id":"doc_121","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:The Girl from LeningradThe Girl from Leningrad (Russian: Фронтовые подруги) is a 1941Soviet adventure film directed by Viktor Eisymont.PlotThe film takes place during the Finnish war. Agroup of girls voluntarily go to the front. Young girls help doctors save the lives of wounded soldiers, andalso fight with the enemy.StarringZoya Fyodorova as NatashaMariya Kapustina as TamaraOlga Fyodorinaas The CricketTamara Alyoshina as ZinaYekaterina Melentyeva as ShuraAndrei Abrikosov as Lt. SergeiKorovinKonstantin Adashevsky as Dr. KatnerYury Tolubeev as Maj. BraginskyBoris Blinov as AndreiMorosovPassage 2:Everyone ElseEveryone Else (German: Alle Anderen) is a 2009 German romanticdrama film written and directed by Maren Ade. The film was awarded with the Silver Bear at the 59thBerlin Film Festival.PlotGitti and Chris are a young German couple on vacation at Chris's family villa inSardinia. Gitti is much more spontaneous and light-hearted than Chris, wanting to go out and try to makefriends while Chris remains introverted, preferring to stay in and read, even hiding from his neighbour;her playful demeanor often annoys him, while his guarded attitude exasperates her. When he tries tospeak to Gitti about his unhappy feelings about his life and career she interrupts him to say that hemuses too much over everything and should consider settling down with her. Chris is upset and insultedby her outburst. Later, Gitti and Chris admit to each other that they often worry they're not the rightperson for each other.While shopping for groceries Chris spots Hans, a successful old classmate, andunsuccessfully tries to hide from him. Hans invites the couple to a barbecue at his home with his wifeSana, a successful fashion designer, which Gitti tries to decline as she has already received an invitationfrom a bohemian couple she has recently met. Chris overrides her and accepts the invitation. While Sanaand Hans appear to be the perfect, thriving couple, they quickly prove to be obnoxious, bland, and vapid.Hans eventually reveals that Chris has declined an architecture prize because his design would be meldedwith another architect, though Chris had previously told Gitti that he hadn't heard back from thecompetition, which angers Gitti. When Gitti stands up for Chris in the face of Hans's subtle insults, Chrisbecomes upset.The following day Chris is hyper critical of Gitti, taking her on a long hike during whichthey get lost. Afterwards he informs her that he will be going for a drink with Hans alone, as Gittiembarrassed him the previous evening. When he asks Gitti why she can't be more normal, like Sana, Gittiargues that she doesn't want to be like everybody else. Though Gitti begs him not to leave her alone atnight, he goes anyway, returning in the morning. The following day Chris informs Gitti that he isconsidering taking an architecture job on the island. While Chris meets with his potential client, Gitti goesexploring on her own, trying out a new makeover and choosing to keep the dress she previously regardedas too \"bourgeoisie\" in an effort to please Chris. After meeting up with Chris by chance, he suggests theyinvite Hans and Sana to their home. The atmosphere becomes uncomfortable when Gitti runs into thebohemian couple she had previously met; they are put off by her new, put-together appearance and aresomewhat hurt that she had stood them up. When they extend the invitation again, Chris clumsilydeclines, which annoys Gitti.Gitti makes an effort to tone down her appearance and mannerisms for thedinner with Hans and Sana, but it nevertheless becomes awkward as Chris starts behaving oddly in anattempt to impress the other couple. Gitti becomes more uncomfortable when Chris takes them into hismother's private dream room and mocks her interests for Hans and Sana's amusement. At the end of thenight, Hans playfully throws Sana into the villa pool, leading Chris to throw Gitti in as well even as shebegs him not to. Upset, she asks Sana to make an excuse so that she and Hans will leave. Chris tells Gittihe loves her and initiates sex, which she accepts dispassionately.The next day, Chris overhears Gitticoncocting an excuse to leave early without letting him know. After confronting her, Gitti asserts that sheis leaving him, and no longer loves him anymore because he is a weakling. Chris fires back that she is anaive hypocrite and asks her to leave. While packing her things, Gitti falls to the floor and plays dead. Atfirst worried, and then upset by her games, Chris resolves to make things work and let his guard down.He blows raspberries into her stomach, which makes her laugh, and the two finally look at eachother.CastBirgit Minichmayr as GittiLars Eidinger as ChrisNicole Marischka as SanaHans-Jochen Wagneras HansReleaseCritical receptionThe film received positive reviews from film critics. On the review"}
{"doc_id":"doc_122","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Antonio Maceo AirportAntonio Maceo Airport (IATA: SCU, ICAO: MUCU) is an internationalairport located in Santiago, Cuba.OverviewThe airport has a drawing of Che Guevara on one of its outsidewalls. Pope John Paul II flew to this airport during his last visit to Cuba, flying a round trip between hereand José Martí International Airport in Havana. Likewise, Pope Benedict XVI, during the second papal visitto Cuba, flew here for Mass and other activities, from his visit to León and Guanajuato in Mexico, beforemoving on to Havana.The airport is basically a turbo-prop centre. Nevertheless, jet aircraft also fly to thisairport. Most commercial flights into SCU are domestic, but there are about twenty international flightseach week; while these international flights were at one point done mostly by domestic airlines, theinternational routes have nevertheless awakened the interest of some foreign airlines that have openedflights into this airport and might open more flights in the future.Airlines and destinationsSantiago deCuba BaseThe airport was home to the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces:35th Transport Regiment -Antonov An-2 and Antonov An-26 transports36th Helicopter Regiment - Mil Mi-8 and Mil Mi-24Thehelipads are now part of the executive jet terminal on the north end of the airport.Accidents andincidentsOn 2 October 1959, a Viscount of Cubana de Aviación was hijacked on a flight from Havana toAntonio Maceo Airport, Santiago de Cuba by three men demanding to be taken to the United States. Theaircraft landed at the Miami International Airport.On 4 November 2010, Aero Caribbean Flight 883, anATR 72-212, crashed in the centre of the country with 68 people on board. The aircraft was flying fromSantiago de Cuba to Havana when it went down. 28 foreigners were reported to be among thepassengers. There were no survivors.Passage 2:Rosamond SkyparkRosamond Skypark (FAA LID: L00) isa residential airpark and public-use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) west of the centralbusiness district of Rosamond, in Kern County, California, United States. It is privately owned by theRosamond Skypark Association.Facilities and aircraftRosamond Skypark covers an area of 100 acres (40ha) at an elevation of 2,415 feet (736 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 8/26 withan asphalt surface measuring 3,600 by 50 feet (1,097 x 15 m).For the 12-month period ending May 3,2011, the airport had 15,000 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 41 per day. At that timethere were 71 aircraft based at this airport: 89% single-engine, 4% multi-engine, 1% helicopter, 3%glider, and 3% ultralight.The facility was designed by aeronautical engineer Sam Ramsey, who resided atthe sleepy airport for years prior to the development. He envisioned an airport where pilots couldcommute to Los Angeles while enjoying the quiet High Desert as a residence.See alsoList of airports inKern County, CaliforniaPassage 3:Ampanihy AirportAmpanihy Airport (IATA: AMP, ICAO: FMSY) is anairport located in Ampanihy, Madagascar.Airlines and destinations== Sources ==Passage 4:Crow IslandAirportCrow Island Airport (also known as Crow Island Airpark) is a private airport along the AssabetRiver in Stow, Massachusetts, United States. It has a 2,300 foot grass airstrip which is popular with\"pilots flying a variety of aircraft including, trikes, ultralights, vintage taildraggers, seaplanes, hanggliders, powered paragliders, powered parachutes, RC aircraft and more.\"Crow Island had previouslybeen used for a gravel business operated by George Morey. In 1978 Rob Albright, an ultralightenthusiast, received permission to fly at the island, and he eventually purchased and redeveloped theland for full-time use as a small airport.Passage 5:Madang AirportMadang Airport (IATA: MAG, ICAO:AYMD), is an airport located in Madang, Papua New Guinea.Airlines and destinationsHistoryWorld WarIIDuring World War II, occupied by the Imperial Japanese Army in January 1943, as a forward operatingairfield for aircraft based at Wewak. Later expanded to a 3250' x 240' runway with a single taxiway with31 revetment areas. Bombed by the allies during late 1943 and early 1944 the airfield becameunserviceable.Imperial Japanese Army Air Force Units at MadangImperial Japanese Army Air Force59thSentai (Nakajima Ki-43 Oscar)68th Sentai (Kawasaki Ki-61 Tony)248th Sentai (Nakajima Ki-43-IIIOscar)Allied LiberationLiberated by Australian Army forces on 24 April 1944. A large amount of highoctane fuel was captured and used by the Australians for use in the Royal Australian Navy motor launchboats. The airfield was repaired and used by the Royal Australian Air Force until the end of the war.PostWW2 in 1947, the Department of Civil Aviation sent an airport manager to Madang to oversee the"}
{"doc_id":"doc_123","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:The Adventures of FridolinThe Adventures of Fridolin (German: Die seltsamen Abenteuer des Herrn Fridolin B.) is an East German film. It was released in 1948.External linksThe Adventures of Fridolin at IMDbPassage 2:The Adventures of Smilin' Jack (serial)The Adventures of Smilin' Jack (1943) is a Universal movie serial based on the popular comic strip The Adventures of Smilin' Jack by Zack Mosley. It was directed by Lewis D. Collins and Ray Taylor.PlotIn 1941, an American aviator, 'Smilin' Jack' Martin wishes to resign as an advisor to the Nationalist Chinese Army in order to return to the United States to enlist as an aviator in America's military buildup prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor.  He is delayed when the Chinese discover that the neutral Tibetan like Mandon \"Province\" contains a secret road from India to China crucial for the Allied war effort.  Determined to obtain the secret for themselves, or equally determined to have the secret destroyed is the Japanese espionage organisation \"The Black Samurai\" and the German intelligence agent Fräulein von Teufel who masquerades as an American newspaper reporter.CastProductionThe serial was based on the comic strip by Zack Moseley but it was not in the spirit of the strip as would normally be expected from a Universal production. Very little of the original comic strip was used and a new character, Tommy Thompson, was created by Universal. The similarity to Tommy Tomkins, of the Tailspin Tommy stories, may imply a crossover of sorts. Cline suggests that it was \"a quick attempt to get a story on screen about a topical subject, and could have had almost any flyer with any name as a hero.”Chapter titlesThe High Road to DoomThe Rising Sun StrikesAttacked by BombersKnives of VengeanceA Watery GraveEscape by ClipperFifteen Fathoms BelowTreachery at SeaThe Bridge of PerilBlackout in the IslandsHeld for TreasonThe Torture Fire TestSinking the Rising SunSource:QuotesUnited Nations means united friends-Capt. WingPassage 3:Terminator 3: Rise of the MachinesTerminator 3: Rise of the Machines is a 2003 American science fiction action film directed by Jonathan Mostow. Starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Nick Stahl, Claire Danes, and Kristanna Loken, it is the third installment in the Terminator franchise and a sequel to Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991). In its plot, the malevolent artificial intelligence Skynet sends a T-X (Loken)—a highly advanced Terminator—back in time to ensure the rise of machines by killing top members of the future human resistance as John Connor's (Stahl) location is unknown. The resistance sends back a reprogrammed T-850 (Schwarzenegger) to protect John and his future wife, Kate (Danes).While Terminator creator James Cameron was interested in directing the third film, he ultimately had no involvement with Terminator 3. Andrew G. Vajna and Mario Kassar, who had produced Terminator 2: Judgment Day through their company Carolco Pictures, obtained the rights for the franchise through both Carolco's liquidation auction and negotiations with producer Gale Ann Hurd. In 1999, Tedi Sarafian was hired to write the first draft of the script. Mostow joined the project as director in 2001, and he brought on John Brancato and Michael Ferris to rewrite Sarafian's script. The $187 million budget included a $5 million salary for Mostow and a record $30 million salary for Schwarzenegger. Filming took place in California from April to September 2002. Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) and Stan Winston created the special effects, as they did for the previous film.Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines premiered in Westwood, Los Angeles, on June 30, 2003, and was released on July 2, 2003, by Warner Bros. Pictures in the United States and by Columbia TriStar Film Distributors International in worldwide territories. It received generally positive reviews and earned $433.4 million worldwide, finishing its theatrical run as the seventh-highest-grossing film of 2003. A sequel, Terminator Salvation, was released in 2009.PlotTen years after destroying Cyberdyne Systems, John Connor has been living as a nomad following the death of his mother, Sarah, to hide from the malevolent artificial intelligence Skynet, despite a war between humans and machines not happening in 1997, as foretold. Unable to locate John in the past, Skynet sends the T-X, an advanced prototype Terminator made of virtually impervious shapeshifting liquid metal covering a metal endoskeleton, back in time to John's present in Los Angeles, to instead kill his future allies in the human resistance. The human resistance sends back a reprogrammed T-850 Terminator, a less-advanced model covered in living flesh, to protect John and his future wife Kate Brewster.After killing other targets, the T-X locates the pair at an animal hospital where Kate works. John becomes the T-X's primary target, but the Terminator helps him and Kate escape, taking them to a "}
{"doc_id":"doc_124","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Campanal IGuillermo González del Río García, nicknamed Campanal I or Guillermo Campanal(born 9 February 1912 in Avilés; died 22 January 1984 in Seville) was a Spanish footballer. During hiscareer he played for Sporting de Gijón and Sevilla FC (1929–1946), and earned 3 caps and scored 2 goalsfor the Spain national football team, and participated in the 1934 FIFA World Cup.He later becamemanager of Sevilla FC.HonoursSevillaLa Liga: 1945–46Copa del Rey: 1935, 1939Passage 2:Mirza FaizMuhammadMirza Faiz Muhammad, also known by his title of Azādud Daulah, was an Indian nobleman andofficial in the Mughal empire during the 18th century. He was a descendant of Mirza Hadi Baig and thegreat-great grandfather of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian.Life and reignDuring Faiz Muhammad's life,Qadian had developed close relations with Delhi. Faiz Muhammad was successful in suppressing theanarchy that prevailed in the Punjab during this period as a result of which, in 1716, the Mughal EmperorFarrukhsiyar conferred upon him the rank of Haft Hazārī which authorised him to keep regular force of7,000 soldiers. He was also conferred the title Azādud Daulah (Strong Arm of the Government) by theEmperor.Passage 3:Muhammad I TaparAbu Shuja Ghiyath al-Dunya wa'l-Din Muhammad ibn Malik-Shah(Persian: \u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000, romanized: AbūShujā\u0000 Ghiyāth al-Dunyā wa ’l-Dīn Mu\u0000ammad ibn Malik-Šāh; 1082 – 1118), better known asMuhammad I Tapar (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000), was the sultan of the Seljuk Empire from 1105 to 1118.He was a son of Malik-Shah I (r. 1072–1092) and Taj al-Din Khatun Safariya. In Turkish, Tapar means\"he who obtains, finds\".ReignMuhammad was born in January 1082. He succeeded his nephew, MalikShah II, as Seljuq Sultan in Baghdad, and thus was theoretically the head of the dynasty, although hisbrother Ahmad Sanjar in Khorasan held more practical power. Muhammad I probably allied himself withRadwan of Aleppo in the battle of the Khabur River against Kilij Arslan I, the sultan of Rüm, in 1107, inwhich the latter was defeated and killed. Following the internecine conflict with his half brother,Barkiyaruq, he was given the title of malik and the provinces of Armenia and Azerbaijan. Dissatisfied bythis he revolted again, but had to flee back to Armenia. By 1104, Barkiyaruq, ill and tired of war, agreedto divide the sultanate with Muhammad. Muhammad became sole sultan following the death ofBarkiyaruq in 1105.In 1106, Muhammad conquered the Ismaili fortress of Shahdiz, and ordered theBavandid ruler Shahriyar IV to participate in his campaign against the Ismailis. Shahriyar, greatlyangered by the message Muhammad sent him, refused to aid him against the Ismailis. Shortly after,Muhammad sent an army headed by Amir Chavli, who tried to capture Sari but was unexpectedlydefeated by an army under Shahriyar and his son Qarin III. Muhammad then sent a letter, whichrequested Shahriyar to send one of his sons to the Seljuq court in Isfahan. He sent his son Ali I, whoimpressed Muhammad so much that he offered him his daughter in marriage, but Ali refused and told himto grant the honor to his brother and heir of the Bavand dynasty, Qarin III. Qarin III then went to theIsfahan court and married her.In 1106/1107, Ahmad ibn Nizam al-Mulk, the son of the famous vizierNizam al-Mulk, went to the court of Muhammad I to file a complaint against the rais (head) of Hamadan.When Ahmad arrived to the court, Muhammad I appointed him as his vizier, replacing Sa'd al-MulkAbu'l-Mahasen Abi, who had been recently executed on suspicion of heresy. The appointment was duemainly to the reputation of Ahmad's father. He was then given various titles which his father held(Qewam al-din, Sadr al-Islam and Nizam al-Mulk).Muhammad I, along with his vizier Ahmad, latercampaigned in Iraq, where they defeated and killed the Mazyadid ruler Sayf al-dawla Sadaqa ibn Mansur,who bore the title \"king of the Arabs\". In 1109, Muhammad I sent Ahmad and Chavli Saqavu to capturethe Ismaili fortresses of Alamut and Ostavand, but they failed to achieve any decisive result andwithdrew. Ahmad was shortly replaced by Khatir al-Mulk Abu Mansur Maybudi as vizier of the SejluqEmpire. According to Ali ibn al-Athir (a historian who lived about a hundred years later), Ahmad thenretired to a private life in Baghdad, but, according to the contemporary biographer, Anushirvan ibnKhalid, Muhammad I had Ahmad imprisoned for ten years.Muhammad I died in 1118 and was succeededby Mahmud II, although after Muhammad I's death Sanjar was clearly the chief power in the Seljuqrealms.FamilyOne of Muhammad's wives was Gawhar Khatun, the daughter of Isma'il, son of Yaquti."}
{"doc_id":"doc_125","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:A Place in the Sun (film)A Place in the Sun may refer to:A place in the sun, a phrase used torefer to the German Empire's foreign policy (Weltpolitik) and colonial empireFilm and televisionA Place inthe Sun (1916 film), a British silent filmA Place in the Sun (1951 film), an American dramatic filmA Placein the Sun (British TV series) (2000–present), a British Channel 4 lifestyle programme about buyingproperty abroadA Place in the Sun (2012 film), a Swedish film based on the Liza Marklund novelA Place inthe Sun (South Korean TV series), a 2019 South Korean television seriesMusicA Place in the Sun (Litalbum), 1999A Place in the Sun (Pablo Cruise album), 1977A Place in the Sun (Tim McGraw album),1999\"A Place in the Sun\" (Stevie Wonder song), 1966\"A Place in the Sun\" (Pablo Cruise song), 1977\"APlace in the Sun\", a 1983 song by the Marine Girls, from their Lazy Ways albumSee alsoEn plats i solen(disambiguation)\"A Place Under the Sun\", a 1999 single by Miho NakayamaUm Lugar ao Sol, a 2021Brazilian telenovelaUn Lugar al sol, a 1965 Argentine filmUn posto al sole, a 1996 Italian soapoperaPassage 2:Christian-Peter FrieseChristian-Peter Friese (August 5, 1948, Munich - December 25,1970, East Berlin) was one of the victims at the Berlin Wall. Members of the Border Troops of the GermanDemocratic Republic shot him while trying to escape from East Germany.BiographyHe was his mother'sonly child, and grew up with her in Naumburg. His father is unknown. After school, he trained as a carmechanic. In Naumburg he took a job at the Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany).DeathOn the eveningof December 24, 1970, he left  his home and his mother without saying goodbye or leaving a message.He went to East Berlin by train. Once there he went to the allotment Vogelsang II in Treptow which wasright on the border. He watched the border and climbed around midnight on the interior fence. Hetriggered alarm by touching the subsequent signal fence. A total of five border guards opened fire onChristian-Peter Friese, who took cover in the vehicle barrier ditch. Shortly afterwards Friese began againto run in the direction of the last border fence. He was hit several times in the legs and upper body. Hesuccumbed to his injuries in the death strip. In the crime scene sketch of the files of the Stasi wererecorded a total of 98 shots on Christian-Peter Friese.AftermathA senate speaker and the American CityCommandant expressed their protest over the incident. The West-Berlin police initiated aninvestigation.The mother of the deceased was informed on January 7, 1971, by members of the Stasiabout the death. The legend was that Christian-Peter Friese was traveling by car into a tree. The bodyhad been cremated. The urn was transferred one month later to Naumburg and buried there in themunicipal cemetery, under the supervision of the Stasi.After the German reunification, the mother said toNaumburg police that her son revealed his intention of fleeing. In a Mauerschützenprozess (processagainst guards of the wall who had shot) the border guards involved were acquitted because intent to killcould not be established, and because the court could not determine which of the defendants wasresponsible for the actual killing.See alsoList of deaths at the Berlin WallBerlin Crisis of 1961Passage3:Chris GueffroyChris Gueffroy (21 June 1968 – 6 February 1989) was the last person to be shot and thesecond-last to die in an escape attempt while trying to escape from East Berlin to West Berlin across theBerlin Wall.BiographyChris Gueffroy was born in Pasewalk, Bezirk Neubrandenburg (present-dayMecklenburg-Vorpommern) on 21 June 1968. He had an older brother, Stefan Gueffroy.He moved toSchwedt in 1970, the same year that his mother, Karin Gueffroy, and his father, Allois Gueffroy, divorced.Three years later, when he was five years old, he moved to Berlin with his mother and his brother. Whenhe was in the third grade, he was sent to the youth sports school SC Dynamo Berlin, based on hisgymnastic talent. After he finished school he refused to pursue an officer’s career track in the NationalPeople’s Army and was consequently denied the right to study at university, ending his dream ofbecoming an actor or a pilot. In September 1985 he began an apprenticeship in the Schönefeld airportrestaurant near Berlin after which he worked in a number of different restaurants. As a waiter, his incomewas better than average, and he had a strong degree of freedom, but he was disgusted by thewidespread corruption in the restaurant business. His friend Christian Gaudian, whom he had met atgastronomy school, shared his feelings. At twenty, he found it increasingly unbearable to think that hewould remain locked up with the knowledge that it would always be this way and that he would never"}
{"doc_id":"doc_126","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Wayne BridgeWayne Michael Bridge (born 5 August 1980) is an English former professionalfootballer who played as a left back.A graduate of the Southampton academy, he made his debut in 1998and would go on to make over 150 league appearances in Premier League before going on to have anextensive career with Chelsea where he won all three domestic competitions over the course of hissix-year stay at Stamford Bridge. He also spent time on loan with Fulham before later in 2009 joiningManchester City, where he remained for four seasons, although his final two were spent on loan withWest Ham and Sunderland as well as a spell in the EFL Championship with Brighton & Hove Albion. Heretired in 2014 following a season with ReadingBridge made 36 appearances for the England nationalteam between 2002 and 2009, being selected for two FIFA World Cup squads and UEFA Euro 2004.ClubcareerSouthamptonBridge was born in Southampton, but moved to Olivers Battery, Winchester, at anearly age. He attended Oliver's Battery Primary and Kings' School, Winchester. When playing for OliversBattery he was spotted by Micky Adams, who recommended him to Southampton, who signed him as atrainee in July 1996. He made his reserve team debut as a centre-forward against Portsmouth on 13August 1997 and turned professional in January 1998.Bridge made his first-team debut on 16 August1998 (the opening day of the 1998–99 season) coming on as a replacement for John Beresford, who hadbadly damaged his knee. Bridge made his first senior start in the next match on 22 August in a 5–0defeat away to Charlton Athletic. As Southampton struggled to pick up points (with only two points afterthe first nine games), Bridge played (on the left wing) in most of Saints' league games until earlyDecember before losing his place to Hassan Kachloul. For the remainder of the 1998–99 Premier Leagueseason, Bridge was only used occasionally as Saints narrowly avoided relegation. He completed his firstseason as a first-team player with 15 starts and eight substitute appearances.The following seasoncarried on in a similar vein with Bridge making occasional appearances on the left wing until injuries toFrancis Benali and the poor form of his intended replacement Patrick Colleter gave Bridge the opportunityto play at left-back, where he soon became a fixture in the Saints starting line-up. In the 1999–2000season, he made 15 starts (plus four substitute appearances) scoring his first senior goal, with a powerfulfree-kick over the wall, in the final match of the season on 14 May 2000 against Wimbledon, as a result ofwhich Wimbledon were relegated to Division 1 after 14 years in the top flight.In the 2000–01 season,Bridge was an ever-present at left-back as Saints finished their final season at The Dell in tenth place inthe Premier League table. Bridge was rewarded by being voted the Southampton Player of the Year forthe 2000–01 season.Bridge was \"fast, determined, skilful and full of youthful promise\" and \"his forwardruns became an exciting sight at The Dell and then at St Mary's.\" He was an ever-present yet again in thefollowing season as Saints again finished their first season at their new stadium comfortably inmid-table.Bridge's temperament and consistency, together with a high level of fitness, enabled him tocontinue to play every match until 18 January 2003 when he limped off with an injury in a 1–0 defeat toLiverpool. This brought to an end a run of 113 consecutive appearances, a Premier League record for anoutfield player (since surpassed by Frank Lampard, Jr.). His run started on 4 March 2000, from whenBridge played 10,160 consecutive minutes of Premier League football, not missing any play throughinjury or suspension.By now, bigger clubs were trailing Bridge, and he was finally tempted away to joinChelsea for £7 million in the 2003 close season. His last appearance for the club came in the 2003 FA CupFinal defeat to Arsenal. During his five years as a Saints first-team player, he made 173 appearances,with two league goals against Wimbledon and Bolton Wanderers.Chelsea2003–04 seasonAfter five yearswith the Saints, Bridge moved to Chelsea in July 2003 for a fee of £7 million plus Graeme Le Saux, andwas initially a regular starter. His finest moment came in the Champions League quarter-final againstArsenal in 2003–04. Bridge scored the winning goal in the 88th minute to send Chelsea into thesemi-finals and end an 18-game winless run against Arsenal. The goal was later voted goal of the season.Bridge also scored against Beşiktaş and Portsmouth in the 2003–04 season.2004–05 seasonBridgestarted the 2004–05 season playing regularly under new manager José Mourinho, but he picked up aserious ankle injury in an FA Cup tie against Newcastle United on 20 February 2005. This ended his"}
{"doc_id":"doc_127","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Donny LucasDonald James \"Donny\" Lucas is a Canadian actor and comedian.He is best knownfor voicing Disco Kid in Punch Out!!, Zed in League of Legends, Mr. Fix in Iron Man: Armored Adventures,and the Lucius Fox A.I. in Batwoman.Early lifeDonny Lucas was born, adopted, and raised in Montreal,Quebec.Lucas started his acting career in 1986 by taking classes, workshops, and community theater. Hisfirst credits were for HBO, Warner Bros, and Nickelodeon.FilmographyFilmTelevisionVideogamesPassage2:Lou ManfrediniLou Manfredini (born May 4, 1964) is an American television/radio personality and homeimprovement expert. Born in Highland Park, Illinois he is the host of HouseSmarts TV, host of Chicago'sWGN (AM) HouseSmarts Radio (formerly Mr. Fix-It), and is a contributor on NBC's Today Show.EarlyyearsManfredini was born to Massimo and Lida Manfredini in Highland Park, IL. His father worked as anauto and truck mechanic, mother was a homemaker. Manfredini worked with his father on cars andtrucks  which ultimately led Manfredini to pursue a career in home improvement. While a student atDeerfield High School (Illinois), Manfredini worked at a hardware store and at a steel company as awelder. After graduating high school in 1982, Manfredini went to Millikin University in Decatur, Illinois ona musical theater scholarship. In 1987, Manfredini started a construction company in Chicago. After 8years in business, he began a media career in 1995 when WGN (AM) Radio  launched his idea for a homeimprovement call-in radio show.Television and Print MediaAs hostIn 1995 after writing letters to pitch hisidea for a call-in home improvement radio show on WGN Radio, morning show host Bob Collins bookedManfredini on his show as a guest where his nickname, Mr. Fix It, was coined. Soon after Manfredinijoined host Roy Leonard on his Saturday show as a regular contributor which then led to his ownSaturday morning call-in radio show which still airs today.  In 2000, Manfredini became the homeimprovement contributor for NBC-TV's Today Show, from 2006 to 2013 for NBC-5 Chicago and inSeptember 2013 for WGN-TV Chicago. In 2006, he partnered with Frank DiGioia, President and CEO ofFort Productions, to create the news/magazine style home improvement and lifestyle show HouseSmarts.Manfredini is also the host of Lou Manfredini's HouseSmarts Minutes (formerly Lou Manfredini's HomeImprovement Minutes) that are syndicated on radio stations across the United States.On May 29, 2015Manfredini was inducted into the WGN Radio Walk of Fame.On January 14, 2017 Manfredini debuted thelive show, HouseSmarts Radio, on 77-WABC New York.On October 14, 2017 Manfredini debuted the liveshow, HouseSmarts Radio, on 790-KABC Los Angeles.As spokespersonManfredini has represented MarvinWindows and Doors nationally as their spokesperson since 2004 and serves/has served as spokespersonin the Chicago market for: Perma Seal Basement Systems, Chicagoland and Northwest Indiana ChevyDealers and Baxter Credit Union (BCU).Since 2002 Manfredini has served as Ace Hardware's resident\"Home Expert\" and editorial media spokesperson.Manfredini has been host of satellite media toursrepresenting companies such as The Wood Promotion Network, 3M, Marvin Windows and Doors, AceHardware, Skil Power Tools.Manfredini has served as subject matter expert host for The Rug Doctorinfomercial.Other appearancesManfredini has sung the National Anthem at Wrigley Field, home of theChicago Cubs, three times – once in 1998, once in 2001  and once as a duet in 2009 with his producer,Lindsey Smithwick (formerly Kreutzer).From 2002 to 2003 Manfredini served as the Home CategoryExpert for the Home Shopping Network (HSN).On August 18, 2011 Manfredini was a guest on the stageand radio show created by the Chicago Tribune and The Second City, Chicago Live!On May 30, 2012,Manfredini guest starred in the Irish musical The Twelve Tenors for one night at the Riverfront Theater inChicago.Bibliography2000: Mr. Fix It: 101 Answers to the Most Commonly Asked Questions AboutRepairing Your Home Rare Air Media ISBN 1-892866-22-62002: Mr. Fix It Introduces You To Your HomeBallantine Books ISBN 0-345-44987-82004: House Smarts Ballantine Books ISBN0-345-44989-42004:Bath Smarts Ballantine Books ISBN 0-345-44990-82004: Kitchen Smarts BallantineBooks ISBN 0-345-44988-62004: Room Smarts Ballantine Books ISBN 0-345-46722-1FamilyManfredinilives in Chicago with his wife and four children and runs the Edgebrook Ace Hardware and Villa Park AceHardware. Manfredini's oldest son, Quinn, is the founder of Deep Dish Sports Talk, Chicago's premiersports podcast.Passage 3:Mr. Fix-ItMr. Fix-It is a 1918 American silent comedy film starring Douglas"}
{"doc_id":"doc_128","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Walter UlfigWalter Ulfig was a German composer of film scores.Selected filmographyDas Meer(1927)Venus im Frack (1927)Svengali (1927)Bigamie (1927)Homesick (1927)The Awakening of Woman(1927)The Famous Woman (1927)Alpine Tragedy (1927)The Strange Case of Captain Ramper(1927)Assassination (1927)Queen Louise (1927)Homesick (1927)Das Schicksal einer Nacht (1927)TheHunt for the Bride (1927)The Orlov (1927)Serenissimus and the Last Virgin (1928)Mariett Dances Today(1928))The Woman from Till 12 (1928)The Beloved of His Highness (1928)The Schorrsiegel Affair(1928)It Attracted Three Fellows (1928)Miss Chauffeur (1928)The King of Carnival (1928)The WeekendBride (1928)Honeymoon (1928)Spring Awakening (1929)The Right of the Unborn (1929)The Heath IsGreen (1932)Höllentempo (1933)The Two Seals (1934)Pappi (1934)Mädchenräuber(1936)BibliographyJung, Uli & Schatzberg, Walter. Beyond Caligari: The Films of Robert Wiene. BerghahnBooks, 1999.External linksWalter Ulfig at IMDbPassage 2:Bert GrundBert Grund (1920–1992) was aGerman composer of film scores.Selected filmographyCrown Jewels (1950)Immortal Light (1951)I Can'tMarry Them All (1952)We're Dancing on the Rainbow (1952)My Wife Is Being Stupid (1952)Knall and Fallas Detectives (1952)The Bachelor Trap (1953)The Bird Seller (1953)The Immortal Vagabond (1953)TheSun of St. Moritz (1954)The Witch (1954)The Major and the Bulls (1955)Operation Sleeping Bag(1955)Love's Carnival (1955)The Marriage of Doctor Danwitz (1956)Between Time and Eternity(1956)That Won't Keep a Sailor Down (1958)Arena of Fear (1959)The Thousand Eyes of Dr. Mabuse(1960)The Count of Luxemburg (1972)Mathias Sandorf (1979, TV series)Die Wächter (1986, TVminiseries)Carmen on Ice (1990)Passage 3:Henri VerdunHenri Verdun (1895–1977) was a Frenchcomposer of film scores.Selected filmographyNapoléon (1927)The Sweetness of Loving (1930)The LevyDepartment Stores (1932)The Lacquered Box (1932)The Weaker Sex (1933)The Flame (1936)Girls ofParis (1936)The Assault (1936)Les Disparus de Saint-Agil (1938)The Woman Thief (1938)Ernest theRebel (1938)Rail Pirates (1938)The Fatted Calf (1939)Camp Thirteen (1940)The Man Without a Name(1943)The Bellman (1945)My First Love (1945)The Murderer is Not Guilty (1946)Distress (1946)TheFugitive (1947)The Ironmaster (1948)The Tragic Dolmen (1948)The Ladies in the Green Hats (1949)LaFugue de Monsieur Perle (1952)The Lovers of Midnight (1953)The Big Flag (1954)Blood to the Head(1956)Passage 4:Amedeo EscobarAmedeo Escobar (1888–1973) was an Italian composer of filmscores.Selected filmographyResurrection (1931)The Last of the Bergeracs (1934)The Countess of Parma(1936)I've Lost My Husband! (1937)The Thrill of the Skies (1940)Macario Against Zagomar (1944)TotoLooks for a House (1949)Toto Looks for a Wife (1950)Beauties on Bicycles (1951)Drama on the Tiber(1952)Passage 5:MithoonMithun Sharma (born 11 January 1985), also known as Mithoon, is an IndianHindi film music director, lyricist-composer and singer.Mithoon composed the Hindi song \"Tum Hi Ho\"from the 2013 Bollywood romantic film Aashiqui 2. Mithoon received the Filmfare Award for Best MusicDirector, and in 2014 received a nomination for Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist in the 59th FilmfareAwards. He wrote and composed one of the most streamed Hindi songs on YouTube, \"Sanam Re\". Thesong was honoured with the award of \"Most Streamed Song of 2016\" at the Global Indian Music AcademyAwards.Mithoon launched the talented singer Arijit Singh in 2011 with Mohammad Irfan Ali co-singer inhis hit song Phir Mohabbat.Early lifeMithoon was born into a family of musicians. His grandfather, PanditRam Prasad Sharma, imparted music knowledge to thousands of aspirants, many of whom are amongsttoday's top musicians. His father, Naresh Sharma, was a leading expert of musical arrangements, havingworked with almost all of the top composers in more than two hundred movies. Mithoon's father and hisuncle Pyarelal-ji (Pyarelal Ramprasad Sharma) formed one-half of the legendary composer duoLaxmikant-Pyarelal.Mithoon started learning music at the age of eleven. Since his father remained busy,he sent him to knowledgeable people to train himself. His father observed him closely and would oftennotice what he was practicing. His father often listened to the tunes that he created as well. On 6November 2022, he married playback singer Palak Muchhal.CareerMithoon began his career with tworecreations: \"Woh Lamhe\" in Zeher and \"Aadat\" in Kalyug. In 2006, Mithoon's friend recommended hisname to Onir, (director of Bas Ek Pal), who wanted an electro-based title track. This led to his first"}
{"doc_id":"doc_129","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Adolf I of LotharingiaAdolf I of Lotharingia, count of Keldachgau, Vogt of Deutz from 1008 until1018, was the son of Hermann I \"Pusillus\" (the Little Pfalzgraf), count palatine of Lotharingia. He leftthree sons:Hermann III, Vogt of Deutz in St. Severin (Cologne) und Werden (died 1056);Adolf II ofLotharingia, count of Keldachgau, Vogt of Deutz (born 1002, died 1041);Erenfried, Probst of St.Severin.Passage 2:Henry of LaachHenry of Laach (in German: Heinrich von Laach) was the first countpalatine of the Rhine (1085/1087–1095). Henry was the son of Herman I, count of Gleiberg. Henry was afollower of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. He had lands in the southeastern Eifel and on the MoselleRiver.Most of the holdings of Hermann II, Count Palatine fell back to the emperor, when Hermann diedwithout successor. The emperor named Henry count palatine of the Rhine and during the emperor's tripto Italy tasked Henry to hold interim judicial councils. Henry married Herman's widow, Adelaide ofWeimar-Orlamünde (d. 1100). From this marriage, Henry may have taken control over some of herholdings along the Moselle. As a consequence, the geographic center of the palatinate moved towards thesouth.With his wife, Adelaide, Henry founded the Maria Laach Abbey. He was succeeded by his stepson,Siegfried of Ballenstedt.Passage 3:Hermann II, Count Palatine of LotharingiaHermann II (born 1049; diedDalhem, 20 September 1085), Count Palatine of Lotharingia 1064–1085. He was count in the Ruhrgauand the Zulpichgau, as well as a count of Brabant.LifeAccording to Egon Kimpen he was the son of HenryI of Lotharingia († 1061) and Mathild of Verdun († 1060), daughter of Gozelo I of Lotharingia, but thebasis for this has been questioned. However, if that is the case, his maternal uncle was Pope Stephen IX.Until 1064, young Hermann was under the guardianship of Anno II, Archbishop of Cologne, whosignificantly reduced Hermann's territorial power.In 1080 he married Adelaide of Weimar-Orlamünde (†1100), widow of Adalbert II, Count of Ballenstedt. She was a daughter of Otto of Orlamünde, count ofWeimar and margrave of Meissen in Thuringia, and Adela of Brabant. Together they had two children whohad died by 1085.He is assumed to have been the last Count Palatine of Lotharingia of the Ezzoniandynasty. He was killed in a duel with Albert III, Count of Namur, near his castle in Dalhem. His widowmarried again, her third husband being Henry of Laach, count in the Mayfeldgau, who became the firstcount palatine of the Rhine between 1085 and 1087.Passage 4:John Christian, Count Palatine ofSulzbachJohn Christian (23 January 1700 – 20 July 1733; in German: Johann Christian Joseph) was theCount Palatine of Sulzbach from 1732–33. He was the second and youngest surviving son of dukeTheodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (1659–1732) with his consort Eleonore Maria Amalia ofHesse-Rotenburg (1675–1720). His elder brother was Joseph Charles, Count Palatine ofSulzbach.LifeAfter the death of his elder brother Joseph Charles, John Christian Joseph became theeventual designated heir of the Electoral Palatine. In 1732 he succeeded his father as Count Palatine ofSulzbach, but died in Sulzbach in 1733 before inheriting the Palatinate.Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine,a member of the Palatine Neuburg line of Wittelsbach failed to produce a legitimate male heir, and hisbrothers also. By 1716 it was evident that the Neuburg line would become extinct and that the Sulzbachbranch would succeed them.MarriageHe married twice:Marie Anne Henriëtte Leopoldine de La Tourd'Auvergne (24 October 1708 – 28 July 1728), daughter of Francois Egon de la Tour d'Auvergne, Princeof Auvergne, and had the following children:Charles Theodore (11 December 1724 – 16 February 1799);became Elector Palatine in 1742, and Elector of Bavaria in 1777Maria Anne (30 May 1728 – 25 June1728)Eleonore Philippina Christina Sophia of Hesse-Rotenburg  (1712-1759); married on 1731 but hadno issue.== Ancestry ==Passage 5:Philip William August, Count Palatine of NeuburgPhilip WilliamAugust, Count Palatine of Neuburg (born 19 November 1668 in Neuburg an der Donau; died: 5 April 1693in Zákupy (German: Reichstadt)) was a  Prince and Count Palatine of Neuburg.LifePhilip William Augustwas the 13th from a total of 17 children of Elector Palatine Philip William (1615-1690) from his secondmarriage to Elisabeth Amalie (1635-1709), a daughter of Landgrave George II of Hesse-Darmstadt.Hisoldest sister, Eleonor Magdalene married Emperor Leopold I in 1676.  In August 1689, after he hadvisited his brother in Breslau and his sister in Vienna, Philip William began his Grand Tour to Italy.PhilipWilliam August chose a secular career and entered into active military service.  He died at the age of 24"}
{"doc_id":"doc_130","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Tales from the QuadeaD ZoneTales from the QuadeaD Zone (also stylized TALES From The QuadeaD Zone) is a 1987 American anthology blaxploitation horror film written, directed, and produced by Chester Novell Turner. The film was originally released straight to VHS. VHS copies of the film have become collector's items due to their difficulty to locate and extremely limited quantities, with one copy selling for $2000 on eBay.Turner has expressed interest in creating a sequel and began writing the film's script in 2013. Tales from the QuadeaD Zone was the only film produced by Erry Vision Film Co.Since its release Tales From the QuadeaD Zone has received several public screenings, one of which was a 2016 symposium at the Yale University Library, Terror on Tape.It was given a DVD release in 2013 through Massacre Video.SynopsisThe film is composed of two stories, plus a third wraparound story; \"Food For ?\" and \"The Brothers\", both of which are narrated by a mother (Shirley L. Jones) reading the tales to her deceased son Bobby. \"Food For ?\" centers upon a family that is so poor that they are unable to afford food for every family member. Their only solution is to get rid of some of their family in order to increase the amount of dinner for everyone else. \"The Brother\" follows two brothers who have hated each other their entire lives and have each made cruel jokes and attacks against the other. When one of them dies, the living brother tries to have the last laugh by stealing his brother's corpse and making him look like a circus clown. Little does he know that his brother's spirit has returned to his body, unhappy with his brother's plans.CastProductionWork on Tales from the QuadeaD Zone began three years after Turner completed his first film, Black Devil Doll From Hell, which was initially intended to be one of the anthology's stories. Two of the film's stories, \"Food For ?\" and the wraparound story \"Unseen Vision\", were shot in Alabama while \" The Brothers\" was shot in Chicago.ReleaseAs Turner released the film on his own, along with star Shirley L. Jones, Tales from the QuadeaD Zone was released in an extremely limited amount, estimated to be at or less than 100 copies. The copies were only circulated in the Chicago area due to the cost of gas and travel required by Turner and Jones and it is believed that many of these copies have been lost.Over time the video achieved cult status and VHS copies became much sought after collector's items. In 2011 one copy of the film sold for $665 on the online auction site eBay, a feat that was covered in the 2013 documentary Adjust Your Tracking. The winning bidder later sold his copy of the movie for twice the amount paid.The price reached an all time high when a copy was sold on eBay for $2000.In 2013, Massacre Video released the movie as part of a DVD box set along with Black Devil Doll From Hell. The box set features commentary from Turner and Jackson, a documentary about both films, and the director's cut of Black Devil Doll From Hell, which upon release had been heavily edited from Turner's original version.ReceptionHorronews.net commented that although the video could be seen as a \"complete and utter train wreck\", the film was made during a point in time when amateur filmmaking would be cost prohibitive for the average person and the creation of Tales from the QuadeaD Zone was evidence of Turner's \"heart and a dream to become a film maker\". Bloody Disgusting also reviewed the movie, stating that it was \"a no-budget, SOV labor of mad love\". DVD Talk reviewed the movie as part of Massacre Video's box set and gave it a poor review, which they felt was weaker than Black Devil Doll From Hell.Passage 2:Hiroshi IshikawaHiroshi Ishikawa (\u0000\u0000 \u0000, born May 18, 1963) is a Japanese film director and writer from Ōdate. He is best known for his 2005 film, Su-ki-da (2005). He won the Silver Iris for Best Director at the New Montreal Film Festival.FilmographyTokyo.sora (2002)Su-ki-da (2005)Kimi no Yubisaki (Short Film) (2007)Petal Dance (2013)Passage 3:Su-ki-daSu-ki-da (\u0000\u0000\u0000) is a 2005 Japanese romantic drama film. The plot centers on two teenagers who deal with tragedy and then have to grow up. It was written and directed by Hiroshi Ishikawa and stars Aoi Miyazaki, Hidetoshi Nishijima, Hiromi Nagasaku, and Eita.PlotHigh school student Yosuke spends most of his free time sitting near a floodgate and playing the same short tune on his acoustic guitar. He is often joined by a girl in his class, Yu. Yu hums Yosuke's tune to her older sister, who is mourning her deceased boyfriend. Yu sets up a few meetings between Yosuke and her sister. While talking with Yosuke after school, Yu kisses him, but Yosuke walks away, leaving Yu devastated. While walking to see Yosuke, Yu's sister is hit by a truck and enters a coma. Yu tells Yosuke that she wants to hear his song when he finishes it.17 years later, Yosuke is working in music production in "}
{"doc_id":"doc_131","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Saad AbdulrahmanSaad Abdulrahman Ali (born 2 May 1985) is a former professionalbasketball player. He played for Al-Sadd of the Qatar Basketball League. He was also a member of theQatar national basketball team.Saad competed for the Qatar national basketball team at the 2005 2007and FIBA Asia Championship 2009.  He also competed for Qatar at their only FIBA World Championshipperformance to date, in 2006, where he averaged 12.8 points and 2.4 assists per game.In 2009,Abdulrahman had his best individual international tournament to date, averaging 17.8 points per gamefor the Qataris.  He finished in the top ten leaders in points, minutes and steals per game en route tobeing named to the All-Tournament third team.  However, despite his efforts, Qatar finished sixth in thetournament and failed to qualify for their second consecutive FIBA World Championship.Passage 2:JohnMcMahon (Surrey and Somerset cricketer)John William Joseph McMahon (28 December 1917 – 8 May2001) was an Australian-born first-class cricketer who played for Surrey and Somerset County CricketClubs in England from 1947 to 1957.Surrey cricketerMcMahon was an orthodox left-arm spin bowler withmuch variation in speed and flight who was spotted by Surrey playing in club cricket in North London andbrought on to the county's staff for the 1947 season at the age of 29. In the first innings of his firstmatch, against Lancashire at The Oval, he took five wickets for 81 runs.In his first full season, 1948, hewas Surrey's leading wicket-taker and in the last home game of the season he was awarded his countycap – he celebrated by taking eight Northamptonshire wickets for 46 runs at The Oval, six of themcoming in the space of 6.3 overs for seven runs. This would remain the best bowling performance of hisfirst-class career, not surpassed, but he did equal it seven years later. In the following game, the lastaway match of the season, he took 10 Hampshire wickets for 150 runs in the match at Bournemouth. Inthe 1948 season as a whole, he took 91 wickets at an average of 28.07. As a tail-end left-handedbatsman, he managed just 93 runs in the season at an average of 4.22.The emergence of Tony Lock as aslow left-arm bowler in 1949 brought a stuttering end of McMahon's Surrey career. Though he played in12 first-class matches in the 1949 season, McMahon took only 19 wickets; a similar number of matches in1950 brought 34 wickets. In 1951, he played just seven times and in 1952 only three times. In 1953,Lock split the first finger of his left hand, and played in only 11 of Surrey's County Championshipmatches; McMahon played as his deputy in 14 Championship matches, though a measure of theircomparative merits was that Lock's 11 games produced 67 wickets at 12.38 runs apiece, whileMcMahon's 14 games brought him 45 wickets at the, for him, low average of 21.53. At the end of the1953 season, McMahon was allowed to leave Surrey to join Somerset, then languishing at the foot of theCounty Championship and recruiting widely from other counties and other countries.SomersetcricketerSomerset's slow bowling in 1954 was in the hands of leg-spinner Johnny Lawrence, with supportfrom the off-spin of Jim Hilton while promising off-spinner Brian Langford was on national service.McMahon filled a vacancy for a left-arm orthodox spinner that had been there since the retirement ofHorace Hazell at the end of the 1952 season; Hazell's apparent successor, Roy Smith, had failed torealise his promise as a bowler in 1953, though his batting had advanced significantly.McMahon instantlybecame a first-team regular and played in almost every match during his four years with the county, notmissing a single Championship game until he was controversially dropped from the side in August 1957,after which he did not play in the Championship again.In the 1954 season, McMahon, alongside fellownewcomer Hilton, was something of a disappointment, according to Wisden: \"The new spin bowlers,McMahon and Hilton, did not attain to the best standards of their craft in a wet summer, yet, like the restof the attack, they would have fared better with reasonable support in the field and from their ownbatsmen,\" it said. McMahon took 85 wickets at an average of 27.47 (Hilton took only 42 at a higheraverage). His best match was against Essex at Weston-super-Mare where he took six for 96 in the firstinnings and five for 45 in the second to finish with match figures of 11 for 141, which were the best of hiscareer. He was awarded his county cap in the 1954 season, but Somerset remained at the bottom of thetable.The figures for the 1955 were similar: McMahon this time took 75 wickets at 28.77 apiece. Therewas a small improvement in his batting and the arrival of Bryan Lobb elevated McMahon to No 10 in the"}
{"doc_id":"doc_132","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Prince Christian of HessePrince Christian of Hesse (Danish: Christian af Hessen; German:Christian von Hessen) (14 August 1776 – 14 November 1814) was a German prince and member of theHouse of Hesse-Kassel. As a son of the Danish Field Marshal Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel and PrincessLouise of Denmark, he was a member of the extended Danish Royal Family and spent his entire life inDenmark.Early lifePrince Christian was born at Gottorp Castle, Schleswig as the third son of PrinceCharles of Hesse-Kassel, royal governor of the twin duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, and PrincessLouise of Denmark, herself a daughter of King Frederick V of Denmark.As a member of the extendedDanish Royal Family, Christian was destined for a military career in Denmark from a young age. He wasappointed Colonel in 1783, Major General in 1789 and in 1790 Commander of a Regiment. In 1803 hewas appointed knight of the Order of the Elephant. In 1805 he was put in charge of a cavalry brigade inHolstein, and as such accompanied his cousin King Frederick VI of Denmark to Copenhagen. In 1808 heassisted in suppressing the unrest of the Spanish auxiliary troops in Roskilde and was appointedLieutenant General the following year. In 1809 he was appointed commanding General on the island ofFunen. Finally, in 1812 he was made a General in the cavalry.EngagementIn September 1812, Christianwas engaged to his niece, Princess Caroline of Denmark, daughter of King Frederick VI of Denmark andChristian's sister, Marie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel.DeathAlready at the time of his engagement, PrinceChristian was weakened. A year after the engagement, he suffered a breakdown in Odense Palace.Shortly after it became clear that he was mentally ill, suffering from frequent fits. He died on 14November 1814 at the age of 38 in Odense Palace, Denmark. He was buried in the Church of Saint Johnin Odense, but in 1862 his remains were transferred to Schleswig Cathedral.Passage 2:Princess Feodoraof DenmarkPrincess Feodora of Denmark (Feodora Louise Caroline-Mathilde Viktoria Alexandra FrederikkeJohanne) (3 July 1910 – 17 March 1975) was a Danish princess as a  daughter of Prince Harald ofDenmark and granddaughter of Frederick VIII of Denmark.As the wife of Prince Christian ofSchaumburg-Lippe she became a Princess of Schaumburg-Lippe by marriage.Early lifePrincess Feodorawas born on 3 July 1910 at the Jægersborghus country house in Gentofte north of Copenhagen,Denmark.She was the first child and daughter of Prince Harald of Denmark, son of King Frederick VIII ofDenmark and Princess Louise of Sweden. Her mother was Princess Helena ofSchleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, daughter of Friedrich Ferdinand, Duke ofSchleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and Princess Karoline Mathilde ofSchleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg.Marriage and issueFeodora married her first cousin, PrinceChristian of Schaumburg-Lippe on 9 September 1937 at Fredensborg Palace, Zealand, Denmark. PrinceChristian was a son of Prince Frederick of Schaumburg-Lippe and Princess Louise of Denmark who was asister of Feodora's father, Prince Harald. Prince Christian was the head of a junior line of the House ofSchaumburg-Lippe which resided at Náchod in Bohemia.Feodora and Christian had four children:PrinceWilhelm of Schaumburg-Lippe (b. 19 August 1939).Prince Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe (b. 1971);married Lena Giese in 2009.Princess Desiree of Schaumburg-Lippe (b. 1974); married Michael Iuel andhave three children.Prince Waldemar of Schaumburg-Lippe (b. 19 December 1940 - d. 11 August2020).Princess Eleonore-Christine Eugenie Benita Feodora Maria of Schaumburg-Lippe (born 22December 1978 in Hørsholm, Denmark)Mario-Max Prinz zu Schaumburg-Lippe (b.  23 December 1977),adult foster-sonPrincess Marie of Schaumburg-Lippe (b. 27 December 1945).Prince Harald ofSchaumburg-Lippe (b. 27 March 1948).Later lifePrince Christian died in 1974. Princess Feodora died on17 March the following year in Bückeburg, Lower Saxony, Germany.AncestryPassage 3:Prince Christian ofSchaumburg-Lippe (1898–1974)Prince Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe (German: Christian zuSchaumburg-Lippe; 20 February 1898 – 13 July 1974) was a German prince and head of the Náchodbranch of the princely house of Schaumburg-Lippe.Early lifeHe was born on 20 February 1898 in Sopron,Hungary as the only son and second child of Frederick of Schaumburg-Lippe (1868–1945) and his firstwife Princess Louise of Denmark, younger sister of King Christian X of Denmark.Marriage and issueIn1927, his engagement to Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark, a daughter of Constantine I of Greece"}
{"doc_id":"doc_133","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Stein Erik GullikstadStein Erik Gullikstad (born 6 February 1952) is a Norwegian Nordiccombined skier. He was born in Røros, and represented the club Røros IL. He competed at the 1976Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, where he placed 22nd.Passage 2:Roar EngelbergRoar Engelberg (born 26July 1964 in Hamar, Norway) is the first international Norwegian artist on Panpipes, known for his longlasting and productive cooperation with Stein-Erik Olsen.CareerEngelberg became interested in panpipesas a 12-year-old when he heard the Romanian panpipe player Georghe Zamfir on the radio. He thentaught himself to play the instrument, and later studied in Hilversum with Nicolai Pirvu (1985–88). Afterhis debut in London in 1986, he toured with Iver Kleive and Stein-Erik Olsen in Norway and around theworld.He received the 2007 award \"Meritul Cultural în gradul de Cavaler\" of the Romanian state for hismany years of effort for the music of Romania.Honors«Meritul Cultural în gradul de Cavaler\" awarded bythe Romanian stateDiscography1985: Alveland, with Iver Kleive1986: Panorama, with Iver Kleive ogStein-Erik Olsen1988: Julefred1989: Mosaic, with Stein-Erik Olsen1989: Herdens flöjt – Julesånger påpan-flöjt1990: Doina1991: Masterpieces of the Beatles1992: Café Europa 1992, with the OrchestraPrimas1994: Balletto, with Stein-Erik Olsen1999: Har en drøm2000: O pasâre strâinâ2001: Fløyelstoner,with Stein-Erik Olsen2002: Julefryd2007: Inim\u0000 de l\u0000utar2010: Suite Latina, with Stein-Erik Olsen2011:Willie Nickerson's Egg, guest soloist with Jon Larsen and Tommy MarsPassage 3:Stein Erik LauvåsSteinErik Lauvås (born 3 May 1965) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.He served as a deputyrepresentative to the Norwegian Parliament from Østfold during the terms 2001–2005 and2005–2009.On the local level Lauvås is the mayor of Marker municipality since 2003.Passage4:Mille-Marie TreschowMille-Marie Treschow (3 April 1954 – 29 September 2018) was a Norwegianlandlord and  businessperson. She was known for her previous marriage to Stein Erik Hagen, well knownas \"Rimi-Hagen\", being the former owner of the Rimi chain of low-cost discount stores.FamilyTreschowwas the daughter of estate owner Gerhard Aage Treschow (1923–2001) and Nanna, née Meidell (born1926). She was named for her paralyzed aunt Marie Treschow (1913–1952). She belonged to theTreschow family, which was formerly noble, having bought the status of untitled lower nobility (cf.Briefadel) in the 19th century in Denmark.She was married three times and had two children in hersecond marriage (1984–2000), with Andreas Stang. In 2004 she married businessman Stein Erik Hagen.In 2012 they announced their separation.Education and businessTreschow was a pupil at Croft HouseSchool in Dorset, England. She also had Norwegian examen artium. She received a Master of BusinessAdministration in Switzerland, and had additional economic studies in the United States of America andhome economics studies in France.Based in Larvik, Treschow managed Treschow Fritzøe, an extensiveconsortium consisting of properties and forest. She owned a private estate and resided at FritzøehusManor in Larvik. Succeeding her father in 1986, she was of the 6th generation owning and running thefamily industry.Treschow had an estimated private fortune of 1.5 billion Norwegian kroner (NOK) orabout US$250 million. She was as such one of the wealthiest women in Norway. Her husband, Stein ErikHagen, is worth about 10 billion NOK or about US$2 billion.DeathTreschow died aged 64 on 29September 2018 at Tønsberg hospital of an undisclosed illness.See alsoTreschow (noble family)Passage5:Kiplangat SangKiplangat Sang (born 14 April 1981) is a Kenyan judoka.He competed at the 2016Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the men's 90 kg.Passage 6:Erik HagenErik Hagen (born 20 July1975) is a retired Norwegian footballer who played as a centre-back in Norway and Russia, as well as forthe Norwegian national team, earning 28 caps.CareerClubDuring his time with Vålerenga, Hagen receivedthe nickname \"Panzer\" from the club's fans. Amongst other things he created a \"hate list\" of Norwegianfootballers in the club magazine Vål'enga Magasin, containing the likes of Vidar Riseth.Hagen won theKniksen Award as Defender of the Year, and as Kniksen of the Year in 2004. The Kniksen award is thehighest individual award for a Norwegian footballer.In December 2004 Hagen was sold to Zenit SaintPetersburg, becoming the first Norwegian footballer to play in Russia. In 2005, he played 28 leaguematches for Zenit, receiving 12 cautions. In January 2006 he was elected vice-captain by the team.On 31January 2008, it was announced that Hagen would be joining Premier League club Wigan Athletic, signing"}
{"doc_id":"doc_134","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:George ClooneyGeorge Timothy Clooney (born May 6, 1961) is an American actor andfilmmaker. He is the recipient of numerous accolades, including a British Academy Film Award, fourGolden Globe Awards, and two Academy Awards; one for his acting and the other as a producer. He hasbeen honored with the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 2015, the Honorary César in 2017, AFI Life AchievementAward in 2018, and the Kennedy Center Honors in 2022.Clooney started his career in television, gainingwide recognition in his role as Dr. Doug Ross on the NBC medical drama ER from 1994 to 1999, for whichhe received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations. He expanded to leading roles in films, with hisbreakthrough role in From Dusk till Dawn (1996). followed by superhero film Batman & Robin (1997),Steven Soderbergh's Out of Sight (1998), David O. Russell's Three Kings (1999), Wolfgang Petersen'sThe Perfect Storm (2000), and the Coen brothers' O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000). Greater stardomcame from his starring role in Soderbergh's Ocean's film series from 2001 to 2007. Clooney made hisdirectorial debut with the spy drama Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (2002), and has since directed thehistorical drama Good Night, and Good Luck (2005), the political drama The Ides of March (2011), thewar film The Monuments Men (2014), and the science fiction film The Midnight Sky (2020). Clooney wonthe Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the thriller Syriana (2005), and earned Best Actornominations for the legal thriller Michael Clayton (2007), and the comedy-dramas Up in the Air (2009)and The Descendants (2011). He received the Academy Award for Best Picture for co-producing thepolitical thriller Argo (2012). He has also starred in Burn After Reading (2008), The American (2010),Gravity (2013), Hail, Caesar! (2016), and Ticket to Paradise (2022).As of 2023, Clooney is one of twopeople to have been nominated for Academy Awards in six different categories, a position shared withWalt Disney. Clooney was included on Time's annual Time 100 list, which identifies the most influentialpeople in the world, every year from 2006 to 2009. He is also noted for his political and economicactivism, and has served as one of the United Nations Messengers of Peace since 2008. Clooney is also amember of the Council on Foreign Relations. He is married to human rights lawyer Amal Clooney. Outsideof acting, Clooney is known for cofounding Casamigos tequila, which was one of the best-selling spirits of2022.Early lifeClooney was born on May 6, 1961, in Lexington, Kentucky. His mother, Nina Bruce (néeWarren), was a beauty queen and city councilwoman. His father, Nick Clooney, is a former anchormanand television host, including five years on the AMC network. Clooney is of Irish, German, and Englishancestry. His maternal great-great-great-great-grandmother, Mary Ann Sparrow, was the half-sister ofNancy Lincoln, mother of President Abraham Lincoln, making Clooney and Lincoln half-first cousins fivetimes removed. Clooney has an older sister named Adelia (known as Ada). Cabaret singer and actressRosemary Clooney was an aunt. Through Rosemary, his cousins include actors Miguel Ferrer, RafaelFerrer, and Gabriel Ferrer, who is married to singer Debby Boone.Clooney was raised a strict RomanCatholic but said in 1998 that he did not know if he believed \"in Heaven or even God.\" He has said, \"Yes,we were Catholic, big-time, whole family, whole group.\" He began his education at the BlessedSacrament School in Fort Mitchell, Kentucky. He attended St. Michael's School in Worthington, Ohio; thenWestern Row Elementary School (a public school) in Mason, Ohio, from 1968 to 1974; and St. SusannaSchool in Mason, where he served as an altar boy. The Clooneys moved back to Kentucky when Georgewas midway through the seventh grade. In middle school, Clooney developed Bell's palsy, a medicalcondition that partially paralyzes the face. The malady went away within a year. In an interview withLarry King, he stated that \"yes, it goes away. It takes about nine months to go away. It was the first yearof high school, which was a bad time for having half your face paralyzed.\" He also described one positiveoutcome of the condition: \"It's probably a great thing that it happened to me because it forced me toengage in a series of making fun of myself. And I think that's an important part of being famous. Thepractical jokes have to be aimed at you.\"After his parents moved to Augusta, Kentucky, Clooney attendedAugusta High School. He has stated that he earned all As and a B in school, and played baseball andbasketball. He tried out to play professional baseball with the Cincinnati Reds in 1977, but he did not passthe first round of player cuts and was not offered a contract. He attended Northern Kentucky University"}
{"doc_id":"doc_135","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Louis IV, Count of ChinyLouis IV the Young (1173 – 7 October 1226), count of Chiny from1189 to 1226, son of Louis III, count of Chiny, and Sophie.  Louis was the last of the first dynasty ofcounts of Chiny. Having no son, he prepared his eldest daughter Jeanne as his successor. Louis markedhis reign by issuing the first postage stamp in the county.He succeeded as count in 1189 when his fatherdied on the Third Crusade, but was under the supervision of his mother and uncle Thierry, Lord of Mellier,because of his young age. He likely participated in the Albigensian Crusade, where he died in Cahors.Hemarried Matilda of Avesnes, widow of Nicolas IV, Lord of Rumigny, and daughter of James, Lord ofAvesnes and Conde, and Adele, Lady of Guise. They had three children:Jeanne, Countess of Chiny,married to Arnold IV, Count of LoozAgnes, Lady of Givet and AbemontIsabelle, married to Otto, Lord ofTrazegnies.Isabelle was referred to as Madame de Florenville during the Tournament of Chauvency in1285, hosted by Louis' grandson Louis V, successor Count of Chiny,Upon Louis’ death, his daughterJeanne became Countess of Chiny until her marriage to Arnold IV, when he became the first Count ofChiny of the second dynasty as Arnold II.Louis IV was also a direct paternal descendant ofCharlemagne.SourcesSettipani, Christian, La Préhistoire des Capétiens (Nouvelle histoire généalogique del'auguste maison de France, vol. 1), Villeneuve d'Ascq, éd. Patrick van Kerrebrouck, 1993, 545 pg.ArletteLaret-Kayser, Entre Bar et Luxembourg : Le Comté de Chiny des Origines à 1300, Bruxelles (éditions duCrédit Communal, Collection Histoire, série in-8°, n° 72), 1986Passage 2:Louis, Count of VerdunLouis I(murdered September 29, 1025), Count of Chiny (987–1025) and Count of Verdun (as Louis)(1024–1025), son of Otto I, Count of Chiny, and an unknown mother.Upon Otto’s death, Louis becamethe second Count of Chiny. Virtually nothing is known about his rule in Chiny.In 1024, Reginbert, theBishop of Verdun, appointed Louis as Count of Verdun when Count Herman of Ename, son of Godfrey thePrisoner, retired to a monastery. Herman's nephew, Godfrey the Bearded, coveted the position, andGothelo (Herman’s brother and Godfrey’s father) invaded the city and murdered Louis.Louis marriedAdelaide (d. after 1025), of unknown parentage. They had two children:Louis II, Count of ChinyLiutgarde(born 1002), married to Richer de Sancy (died before 1084). Luitgarde and Richer had foursons:  Hughes (died after 1109), Louis (died after 1084), Roderic (d. after 1109) and Richwin (killedbefore 1084). Nothing further is known about them.Louis’ son Louis II assumed the position of Count ofChiny after his father’s death, and Godfrey the Bearded was appointed Count of Verdun.Passage 3:Albert,Count of ChinyAlbert (Albert I) (before 1131 – 29 September 1162), Count of Chiny, son of Otto II, Countof Chiny, and Adélaïs of Namur.  He succeeded his father before 1131 and spent most of his time inChiny, not taking part in the various conflicts which shook the region.He married Agnes, daughter ofRenaud I, Count of Bar and Gisèle Vaudémont, daughter of Gerard, Count of Vaudémont.  Their childrenwere:Louis III, Count of ChinyThierry (d. after 1207), Lord of Mellier, married ElizabethArnulf ofChiny-Verdun (killed in 1181), Bishop of Verdun, 1172–1181Alix (d. after 1177), married to Manasses ofHiergesIda of Chiny, married to Gobert V, Lord of Aspremont (see Fredelon and the House of Esch for adiscussion of their descendants)A daughter, mother of Roger WalehemHughes, married to a daughter ofRenaud de DonchéryA daughter, Abbess of Givet.Arnulf was killed by an arrow to the head in front of thecastle of Saint Manehulde during an attack on the bishopric of Verdun.Alix and Mannases were theparents of Albert II of Hierges, Bishop of Verdun (1186–1208). Ida and Gobert were the grandparents ofJohn I of Aspremont, Bishop of Verdun (1217–1224).Albert was succeeded as Count of Chiny by his sonLouis.Passage 4:John I, Count of LoozJohn I (Jean) (d. 1278 or 1279), Count of Looz and Count of Chiny,eldest son of Arnold IV, Count of Looz and Chiny, and Jeanne, Countess of Chiny. He succeeded his fatherin 1272 or 1273, as the Count of Looz and Chiny.  Virtually nothing is known about his reign.He firstmarried, in 1258, Matilda, daughter of William IV, Count of Jülich, and Matilda of Gelderland.  Theirchildren were:Arnold V, Count of Looz and Count of Chiny (as Arnold II)Louis de LoozWilliam, Seigneur ofNeufchatel and Ardenne.Widowed, he married secondly, in 1269, Isabelle de Conde (d. after 1280),daughter of Jacques, Seigneur of Conde and Bailleul, and his wife Agnes of Rœulx.  Their childrenwere:John II (1270-1311), Seigneur of Agimont, Givet and Warcq, married Marie, daughter of Raoul de"}
{"doc_id":"doc_136","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Karel ZichKarel Zich (10 June 1949 – 13 July 2004) was a Czech singer, guitarist andcomposer whose voice was often compared with that of Elvis Presley.LifeKarel Zich was born in Prague,Czechoslovakia, into a musical family. His grandfather was Otakar Zich, composer and professor of musicaesthetics, and his uncle was the composer Jaroslav Zich. Karel attended the Prague State Conservatory(Státní konzervatoř Praha) for three years and later graduated from Charles University insociology.Between 1964 and 1965 he performed with the band Framus as a singer. In 1968 Zich joinedSpirituál kvintet and stayed with them until 1973. His main interest was in rock'n'roll, and he issometimes called the \"Czech Elvis\".After his successes in the Czech pop scene with various bands, Zichdecided to start his solo career. In 1974 he left Spirituál kvintet and in 1976 released his first album,Dům č.5 (House No. 5). Although he sang his own songs, he also worked with famous composers KarelSvoboda, Petr Janda, and others.In 1975 Zich reached the top of his career by winning 4th place in ZlatýSlavík. In 1979 he founded the band Flop and recorded 50 singles and 15 albums, one with the legendaryWanda Jackson. During his career Zich sold over one million discs and performed at thousands ofconcerts in most European countries, the United States, Canada, Brazil, Chile and elsewhere. His mostfamous songs are Paráda (Awsome) and Měla na očích brýle. Twice took 2nd place in the country's topmusic festival and song contest, Bratislavská lýra, in 1977 and 1983.In his last years he often performedguitar solos and sometimes performed with his band. In 1992 he joined Spirituál kvintet again.DeathKarelZich died of complications following a heart attack during a diving holiday in Porto-Vecchio,Corsica.Selected discographyLet's Have a Party in Prague (with Wanda Jackson) – 1988Passage 2:KarolHochbergKarol Hochberg (1911–1944, also Karl or Karel) was a collaborator during the Holocaust, wholed the \"Department for Special Affairs\" within the Ústredňa Židov, the Judenrat in Bratislava which wascreated by the Nazis to direct the Jewish community of Slovakia.LifeHochberg was born in Hungary in1911 and studied in Vienna and Prague. He moved to Slovakia in 1939. In 1940, the Slovak Jews wereforced to form the Ústredňa Židov (ÚŽ), a Judenrat, to implement Nazi orders. Most of the members ofthe ÚŽ had been prominent in Jewish public life before the Holocaust, and worked on public relief for Jewswho had been dispossessed by anti-Jewish measures. However, the ÚŽ's reputation was harmed by theJews within it who informed or collaborated, of whom Hochberg was the most notorious, according toYIVO (Institute for Jewish Research). In early 1941, the first head of the ÚŽ was deposed and arrestedfor sabotaging a census of Jews in eastern Slovakia with an aim to remove them to the west of thecountry. His replacement was an ineffectual schoolteacher named Arpad Sebestyen, who took a positionof complete collaboration with the Germans. Hochberg was appointed to lead the \"Department for SpecialAffairs\",  which was created to ensure the prompt implementation of Dieter Wisliceny's orders; hepromptly organized the census and removal, tarnishing the ÚŽ's reputation in the Jewish community. Dueto Sebestyen's ineffectuality, Hochberg's department came to dominate the operations of the ÚŽ.In 1942,Hochberg's department worked on categorizing Jews for deportation, but it did not actually draw up thelists. About 57,000 Jews, two-thirds of the population, were deported that year; only a few hundredsurvived. Later, Hochberg played an important role in negotiations between the Bratislava WorkingGroup, the resistance group within the ÚŽ, and Wisliceny. Hochberg, who made regular visits toWisliceny's office, was the only feasible option because contact with Wisliceny had to be doneclandestinely. The Working Group employed him as an intermediary despite its intense dislike anddistrust of Hochberg, its fear that associating with him would harm their reputations, and its belief that hewas unreliable.In November 1942, as the Working Group began to negotiate the Europa Plan withWisliceny in an effort to save all European Jews from deportation and death, Hochberg was arrested forbribery and corruption. According to the Slovak police records, Hochberg had an illegal account in whichlarge bribes were deposited in return for the cessation of transports. Andrej Steiner, a member of theWorking Group, distrusted Hochberg and had provided the Slovak police with evidence against him.However, his colleague Michael Dov Weissmandl advocated that the Working Group try to get Hochbergreleased; Weissmandl believed that he was useful and was concerned that he would reveal the"}
{"doc_id":"doc_137","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:David AldusDavid Aldus (born 18 September 1941) is a Welsh painter known for his landscapeand maritime scenery.Personal lifeAldus was born and spent much of his life in the Garrison town ofBrecon. His father, John Macdonald Aldus, was a Company Sergeant Major in the South Wales Borderers,as was his father, who was killed in action in the Khyber pass. His grandfather on his maternal side,William Godfrey, was a miner of the Blaenavon pit.ArtAldus developed a realist style, influenced in partby the French artist Jules Bastien-Lepage and the colourful primitivism of Cézanne.His painting \"A Tributeto the people of Malta\" resides in the Museum at Valletta, many of landscapes are views of hisBuckinghamshire/Oxfordshire and its surrounding countryside. He was a finalist in the Garrick/Milne Prizeexhibition held at London's Christies. He exhibited at the Lambeth Palace under the auspices of the RoyalSociety of Marine Artists. Other Aldus accolades include full membership election in 1994 to UA UnitedArtists.In that same year, he was awarded the Acrylic Painting prize at Westminster Central Hall, London.In 1995 David Aldus won the Oil paintings prize at UA annual exhibition.In 1995, he had work displayedat the Royal Institute of Oil Painters (R.O.I.) in their annual exhibition held at the Mall Galleries,London.Aldus has exhibited with the Royal Society of British Artists (R.B.A.) He also had work displayedat the Royal Society of Marine Artists (R.S.M.A.) at their annual exhibition. In November the RoyalSociety of Marine Artists asked him to display his work at Lambeth Palace where again he sold all hispaintings.In December 1995, he had his work selected by the Discerning eye exhibition. Judge EdwardLucie-Smith and another art critic chose his work for the same exhibition. One of his Landscape paintingswas purchased by the town of Brecon and presented to their twin town of Saline in the U.S.A.Alduscompleted commissions for actor David Jason and ice skater Christopher Dean. In 1984, Aldus was alsocommissioned to paint Britain's first black female mayor Lydia Simmons in Slough. Aldus has also donework for Freddie Starr, the Duchess of Devonshire, Lord Carrington and rock star Jamiroquai.ExternallinksThe Discerning Eye - home pagedavidaldus.comPassage 2:Etan BoritzerEtan Boritzer (born 1950) isan American writer of children’s literature who is best known for his book What is God? first published in1989. His best selling What is? illustrated children's book series on character education and difficultsubjects for children is a popular teaching guide for parents, teachers and child-life professionals.Boritzergained national critical acclaim after What is God? was published in 1989 although the book has causedcontroversy from religious fundamentalists for its universalist views. The other current books in the Whatis? series include: What is Love?, What is Death?, What is Beautiful?, What is Funny?, What is Right?,What is Peace?, What is Money?, What is Dreaming?, What is a Friend?, What is True?, What is a Family?,and What is a Feeling? The series is now also translated into 15 languages.Boritzer was first published in1963 at the age of 13 when he wrote an essay in his English class at Wade Junior High School in theBronx, New York on the assassination of John F. Kennedy. His essay was included in a special anthologyby New York City public school children compiled and published by the New York City Department ofEducation.Boritzer now lives in Venice, California and maintains his publishing office there also. He hashelped numerous other authors to get published through How to Get Your Book Published! programs.Boritzer is also a yoga teacher who teaches regular classes locally and guest-teaches nationally. He isalso recognized nationally as an erudite speaker on The Teachings of the Buddha.Passage 3:TerenceRobinsonTerence D. Robinson (date of birth and death unknown) was a male wrestler who competed forEngland.Wrestling careerHe represented England and won a bronze medal, in the bantamweight categoryof -57 kg , at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland.Passage 4:Theodred II(Bishop of Elmham)Theodred II was a medieval Bishop of Elmham.The date of Theodred's consecrationunknown, but the date of his death was sometime between 995 and 997.Passage 5:Alfonso FadriqueDonAlfonso Fadrique (English: Alfonso Frederick; Catalan: N'Anfós Frederic d'Aragó; died 1338) was theeldest and illegitimate son of Frederick II of Sicily. He served as vicar general of the Duchy of Athensfrom 1317 to 1330.He was first proclaimed vicar general by his father in 1317 and sent off to governAthens on behalf of his younger half-brother Manfred. He arrived in Piraeus with ten galleys later thatyear, but Manfred had died and was succeeded by another brother, William II. In the year of his arrival,"}
{"doc_id":"doc_138","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Mona Hopton BellMona Hopton Bell (1867–1940) was a British artist, best known for her portraits of civic figures.She was the grandmother of the painter Jean H. Bell.Passage 2:Hubba bint HulailHubba bint Hulail (Arabic: \u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000) was the grandmother of Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf, thus the great-great-great-grandmother of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.BiographyHubbah was the daughter of Hulail ibn Hubshiyyah ibn Salul ibn Ka’b ibn Amr al-Khuza’i of Banu Khuza'a who was the trustee and guardian of the Ka‘bah (Arabic: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, 'Cube'). She married Qusai ibn Kilab and after her father died, the keys of the Kaaba were committed to her. Qusai, according to Hulail's will, had the trusteeship of the Kaaba after him.Hubbah never gave up ambitious hopes for the line of her favourite son Abd Manaf. Her two favourite grandsons were the twin sons Amr and Abd Shams, of ‘Ātikah bint Murrah. Hubbah hoped that the opportunities missed by Abd Manaf would be made up for in these grandsons, especially Amr, who seemed much more suitable for the role than any of the sons of Abd al-Dar. He was dear to the ‘ayn (Arabic: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, eye) of his grandmother Hubbah.FamilyQusai ibn Kilab had four sons by Hubbah: Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai dedicated to his house, Abdu’l Qusayy dedicated to himself, Abd-al-Uzza ibn Qusai to his goddess (Al-‘Uzzá) and Abd Manaf ibn Qusai to the idol revered by Hubbah. They also had two daughters, Takhmur and Barrah. Abd Manaf's real name was 'Mughirah', and he also had the nickname 'al-Qamar' (the Moon) because he was handsome.Hubbah was related to Muhammad in more than one way. Firstly, she was the great-great-grandmother of his father Abdullah. She was also the great-grandmother of Umm Habib and Abdul-Uzza, respectively the maternal grandmother and grandfather of Muhammad's mother Aminah.Family tree* indicates that the marriage order is disputedNote that direct lineage is marked in bold.See alsoFamily tree of MuhammadList of notable HijazisPassage 3:TjuyuThuya (sometimes transliterated as Touiyou, Thuiu, Tuya, Tjuyu or Thuyu) was an Egyptian noblewoman and the mother of queen Tiye, and the wife of Yuya. She is the grandmother of Akhenaten, and great grandmother of Tutankhamun.BiographyThuya is believed to be a descendant of Queen Ahmose-Nefertari, and she held many official roles in the interwoven religion and government of ancient Egypt. She was involved in many religious cults; her titles included 'Singer of Hathor' and 'Chief of the Entertainers' of both Amun and Min. She also held the influential offices of Superintendent of the Harem of the god Min of Akhmin and of Amun of Thebes.  She married Yuya, a powerful ancient Egyptian courtier of the Eighteenth Dynasty.  She is believed to have died in around 1375 BC in her early to mid 50s.ChildrenYuya and Thuya had a daughter named Tiye, who became the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Amenhotep III. The great royal wife was the highest Egyptian religious position, serving alongside of the pharaoh in official ceremonies and rituals.Yuya and Thuya also had a son named Anen, who carried the titles Chancellor of Lower Egypt, Second Prophet of Amun, sm-priest of Heliopolis and Divine Father.They also may have been the parents of Ay, an Egyptian courtier active during the reign of pharaoh Akhenaten who became pharaoh after the death of Tutankhamun. However, there is no conclusive evidence regarding the kinship of Yuya and Ay, although certainly, both men came from Akhmim.TombThuya was interred in tomb KV46 in the Valley of the Kings, together with her husband Yuya, where their largely intact burial was found in 1905. It was the best-preserved tomb discovered in the Valley before that of Tutankhamun, Thuya's great-grandson. The tomb was discovered by a team of workmen led by archaeologist James Quibell on behalf of the American millionaire Theodore M. Davis. Though the tomb had been robbed in antiquity, much of its contents were still present, including beds, boxes, chests, a chariot, and the sarcophagi, coffins, and mummies of the two occupants.Thuya's large gilded and black-painted wooden sarcophagus was placed against the south wall of the tomb. It is rectangular, with a lid shaped like the sloping roof of the per-wer shrine of Upper Egypt, and sits on ornamental sledge runners, their non-functionality underscored by the three battens attached below them. Ancient robbers had partially dismantled it to access her coffins and mummy, placing its lid and one long side on a bed on the other side of the tomb; the other long side had been leaned against the south wall. Her outer gilded anthropoid coffin had been removed, its lid placed atop the beds, and the trough put into the far corner of the tomb; the lid of her second (innermost) coffin, also gilded, had been removed and placed to one side although the "}
{"doc_id":"doc_139","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Donnie ElbertDonnie Elbert (May 25, 1936 – January 26, 1989) was an American soul singerand songwriter, who had a prolific career from the mid-1950s to the late 1970s. His U.S. hits included\"Where Did Our Love Go?\" (1971), and his reputation as a Northern soul artist in the UK was secured by\"A Little Piece of Leather\", a performance highlighting his powerful falsetto voice.CareerElbert was born inNew Orleans, Louisiana, but when aged three his family relocated to Buffalo, New York. He learned toplay guitar and piano as a child, and in 1955 formed a doo-wop group, the Vibraharps, with friend DannyCannon. Elbert acted as the group's guitarist, songwriter, arranger, and background vocalist, making hisrecording debut on their single \"Walk Beside Me\". He left the group in 1957 for a solo career, andrecorded a demonstration record that earned him a recording contract with the King label's DeLuxesubsidiary. His solo debut \"What Can I Do?\" reached #12 in the U.S. R&B chart, and he followed it upwith the less successful \"Believe It or Not\" and \"Have I Sinned?\", which became a regional hit inPittsburgh.He continued to release singles on DeLuxe, but with little commercial success, and also playedNew York's Apollo Theater and toured the Chitlin' Circuit of African-American owned nightclubs. Aftercompleting an album, The Sensational Donnie Elbert Sings, he left DeLuxe in 1959, joining first Red TopRecords, where in 1960 he recorded \"Someday (You'll Want Me to Want You)\", and then Vee-JayRecords, where he had another regional hit with \"Will You Ever Be Mine?\", which reportedly sold 250,000copies in the Philadelphia area but failed to take off nationwide. His career was also interrupted by a spellin the US Army, from which he was discharged in 1961. He then recorded singles for several labels,including Parkway, Cub and Checker, but with little success. However, although the 1965 Gateway labelrelease of \"A Little Piece of Leather\" failed to chart in the US, the record became a #27 pop hit whenreleased on the London label in the UK several years later in 1972, and remains a Northern soulfavorite.Elbert relocated to the UK in 1966, where he married. There, he recorded \"In Between TheHeartaches\" for the Polydor label in 1968, a cover version of the Supremes' hit \"Where Did Our Love Go?\"and an album of Otis Redding cover versions, Tribute To A King. His 1969 Deram release \"Without You\"had a rocksteady rhythm, and went to the top of the Jamaican charts.He returned to the US the sameyear and had his first US chart hit in over a decade with the Rare Bullet release, \"Can't Get Over LosingYou\", which reached #26 on the Billboard R&B chart. The track and its b-side, \"Got To Get MyselfTogether\", both written by Elbert, were released several times on different labels in subsequent years.After the success of that record, Elbert moved labels for a re-make of the Supremes' 1964 hit, \"WhereDid Our Love Go?\" on All Platinum. It became his biggest hit, reaching #15 on the Billboard pop chart, #6on the R&B chart, and (in 1972) #8 in the UK. Its follow-up, \"Sweet Baby\" reached #30 on the R&B chartin early 1972.Elbert then signed with Avco-Embassy, where he entered the recording studio with thesuccessful production team of Hugo & Luigi. His cover of the Four Tops' \"I Can't Help Myself\" reached #14on the Billboard R&B chart, but climbed as high as #2 on the alternative Cashbox R&B chart. Elbertbaulked at the label's insistence that he record material associated with Motown and departed with only afew tracks left to record for an album. Even so, the album was released after Avco sold it on to a budgetlabel, Trip.He returned to All Platinum and had a run of minor R&B hits, but left after a disagreement overthe claimed authorship of Shirley & Company's R&B chart-topper \"Shame Shame Shame\", which wascredited to label owner Sylvia Robinson. Elbert was also involved in a copyright wrangle over DarrellBanks' major R&B and pop hit in 1966, \"Open The Door To Your Heart\". He had originally written the songas \"Baby Walk Right In\" (still its alternative legal title) and given it to Banks, but received no writingcredit on the original record. Eventually, the matter was resolved by BMI with a disgruntled Elbertawarded joint authorship with Banks. \"Open The Door\" has since been given award-winning status by BMIand is one of over 100 songs written or co-written by Elbert.For 1975's \"You Keep Me Crying (With YourLying)\", Elbert formed his own label and \"I Got to Get Myself Together\", appeared on an imprint bearinghis surname, but it was among his final recordings.By the mid-1980s, Elbert had retired from performingand became director of A&R for Polygram's Canadian division. He suffered a massive stroke and died in1989, at the age of 52.DiscographyChart singlesAlbumsThe Sensational Donnie Elbert Sings (King,"}
{"doc_id":"doc_140","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is anIrish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in theUnited States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigningDecember 31, 2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He wasthe director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia(Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States afterleaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October 2010 hebecame the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as theexecutive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career in IrelandKennedy wasborn in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989)degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history.He worked in theIrish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at theChester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department ofFinance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was Assistant Director at the NationalGallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historiansfrom 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003. InSeptember 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery of Australia(NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged forseveral major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itselfand oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years ofthe museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, BettyChurcher, on showing \"blockbuster\" exhibitions.During his directorship, the NGA gained governmentsupport for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship. However,the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the originalarchitect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure,with a significantly altered design completed some years later.  Private funding supported twoacquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud'sAfter Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring theHolmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints,screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive. He was also notable forcampaigning for the construction of a new \"front\" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace,which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above).Kennedy's cancellation of the\"Sensation exhibition\" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial,and seen by some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being \"too closeto the market\" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of aspeculative art investor. However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which couldhave raised similar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists worksbelonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn. Its mostcontroversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and wasaccused of being blasphemous. The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against theexhibition, claiming it was \"Catholic-bashing\" and an \"aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion.\"In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had\"obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art\". He has said that it \"was the toughestdecision of my professional life, so far.\"Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of arange of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA'soccupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioningsystem. The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003. Kennedy announced in 2002 that he wouldnot seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two"}
{"doc_id":"doc_141","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Amaury I de MontfortAmaury I de Montfort (died c. 1053) was Lord of Montfort, son ofGuillaume de Montfort of Hainaut, the first Lord of Montfort. The castle of Montfort l'Amaury, of which hestarted the construction, was completed by his son Simon I de Montfort, who succeeded him as Lord ofMontfort. He married Bertrade.He and his wife had three children:Simon I de Montfort (died 25September 1087)Mainier de Montfort, Seigneur d'Épernon (died before 1091)Eva (died 23 Jan 1099),married William Crispin (died 8 January 1074), son of Gilbert I CrispinPassage 2:Beatrice, Countess ofMontfortBeatrice de Montfort, Countess of Montfort-l'Amaury (December 1249 – 9 March 1312) was aruling sovereign countess of Montfort from 1249 until 1312. She was also countess of Dreux by marriageto Robert IV, Count of Dreux. She was the ancestor of the Dukes of Brittany from the House ofMontfort-Dreux which derived its name from her title.LifeBeatrice was born sometime between December1248 and 1249, the only child of John I of Montfort, Count of Dreux and Jeanne, Dame deChateaudun.ReignIn 1249, Beatrice's father died in Cyprus, while participating in the Seventh Crusade.Thus, Beatrice succeeded her father as ruling countess of Montfort at the age of about one year old.In1251, Jeanne married her second husband, John II of Brienne, Grand Butler of France. Jeanne and Johnhad a daughter, Blanche de Brienne, Baroness Tingry (1252–1302); Blanche married William II deFiennes, Baron of Tingry. Jeanne died sometime after 1252, leaving Beatrice and her half-sister Blancheas her co-heiresses.Beatrice was married to Robert IV, Count of Dreux, Braine and Montfort-l'Amaury in1260, when she was about eleven years old. He was the son of John I, Count of Dreux and Braine, andMarie de Bourbon. As was the custom for female rulers at this point in time, he became the co-ruler withBeatrice and Count of Montfort by right of his wife after their wedding.DeathBeatrice died on 9 March1312 at the age of around sixty-three. She was buried in the Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère.IssueBeatrice andRobert had:Marie of Dreux (1261/62–1276), in 1275 married Mathieu de MontmorencyYolande de Dreux(1263–1323), Countess of Montfort, married, firstly, on 15 October 1285, King Alexander III of Scotland,and, secondly, in 1292, Arthur II, Duke of BrittanyJohn II of Dreux (1265–1309)Joan of Dreux, Countessof Braine, married, firstly, Jean IV de Roucy, and, secondly, John of BarBeatrice of Dreux, abbess ofPort-Royal-des-Champs (1270–1328)Robert of Dreux, seigneur of Chateau-du-Loire.AncestryPassage3:Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of LeicesterSimon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester (c. 1175 – 25 June1218), known as Simon IV (or V) de Montfort and as Simon de Montfort the Elder, was a Frenchnobleman and knight of the early 13th century. He is widely regarded as one of the great militarycommanders of the Middle Ages. He took part in the Fourth Crusade and was one of the prominentfigures of the Albigensian Crusade. Montfort is mostly noted for his campaigns in the latter, notably forhis triumph at Muret. He died at the Siege of Toulouse in 1218. He was lord of Montfort-l'Amaury from1188 to his death and Earl of Leicester in England from 1204. He was also Viscount of Albi, Béziers andCarcassonne from 1213, as well as Count of Toulouse from 1215.Early lifeHe was the son of Simon deMontfort (d. 1188), lord of Montfort l'Amaury in France near Paris, and Amicia de Beaumont, daughter ofRobert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester. He succeeded his father as lord of Montfort in 1181; in 1190he married Alix de Montmorency, the daughter of Bouchard III de Montmorency. She shared his religiouszeal and would accompany him on his campaigns.In 1199, while taking part in a tournament atEcry-sur-Aisne, he took the cross in the company of Count Thibaud de Champagne and went on theFourth Crusade. The crusade soon fell under Venetian control, and was diverted to Zara on the AdriaticSea. Pope Innocent III had specifically warned the Crusaders not to attack fellow Christians; Simonopposed the attack and urged a waiting Zara delegation not to surrender, claiming the Frankish troopswould not support the Venetians in this. As a result, the delegation returned to Zara and the city resisted.Since most Frankish lords were in debt to the Venetians, they did support the attack and the city wassacked in 1202. Simon did not participate in this action and was one of its most outspoken critics. He andhis associates, including Abbot Guy of Vaux-de-Cernay, left the crusade when the decision was taken todivert once more to Constantinople to place Alexius IV Angelus on the throne. Instead, Simon and hisfollowers travelled to the court of King Emeric of Hungary and thence to Acre.His mother was the eldest"}
{"doc_id":"doc_142","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:TjuyuThuya (sometimes transliterated as Touiyou, Thuiu, Tuya, Tjuyu or Thuyu) was anEgyptian noblewoman and the mother of queen Tiye, and the wife of Yuya. She is the grandmother ofAkhenaten, and great grandmother of Tutankhamun.BiographyThuya is believed to be a descendant ofQueen Ahmose-Nefertari, and she held many official roles in the interwoven religion and government ofancient Egypt. She was involved in many religious cults; her titles included 'Singer of Hathor' and 'Chiefof the Entertainers' of both Amun and Min. She also held the influential offices of Superintendent of theHarem of the god Min of Akhmin and of Amun of Thebes.  She married Yuya, a powerful ancient Egyptiancourtier of the Eighteenth Dynasty.  She is believed to have died in around 1375 BC in her early to mid50s.ChildrenYuya and Thuya had a daughter named Tiye, who became the Great Royal Wife of PharaohAmenhotep III. The great royal wife was the highest Egyptian religious position, serving alongside of thepharaoh in official ceremonies and rituals.Yuya and Thuya also had a son named Anen, who carried thetitles Chancellor of Lower Egypt, Second Prophet of Amun, sm-priest of Heliopolis and Divine Father.Theyalso may have been the parents of Ay, an Egyptian courtier active during the reign of pharaoh Akhenatenwho became pharaoh after the death of Tutankhamun. However, there is no conclusive evidenceregarding the kinship of Yuya and Ay, although certainly, both men came from Akhmim.TombThuya wasinterred in tomb KV46 in the Valley of the Kings, together with her husband Yuya, where their largelyintact burial was found in 1905. It was the best-preserved tomb discovered in the Valley before that ofTutankhamun, Thuya's great-grandson. The tomb was discovered by a team of workmen led byarchaeologist James Quibell on behalf of the American millionaire Theodore M. Davis. Though the tombhad been robbed in antiquity, much of its contents were still present, including beds, boxes, chests, achariot, and the sarcophagi, coffins, and mummies of the two occupants.Thuya's large gilded andblack-painted wooden sarcophagus was placed against the south wall of the tomb. It is rectangular, witha lid shaped like the sloping roof of the per-wer shrine of Upper Egypt, and sits on ornamental sledgerunners, their non-functionality underscored by the three battens attached below them. Ancient robbershad partially dismantled it to access her coffins and mummy, placing its lid and one long side on a bed onthe other side of the tomb; the other long side had been leaned against the south wall. Her outer gildedanthropoid coffin had been removed, its lid placed atop the beds, and the trough put into the far corner ofthe tomb; the lid of her second (innermost) coffin, also gilded, had been removed and placed to one sidealthough the trough and her mummy remained inside the sarcophagus. Quibell suggests this is due to therobbers having some difficulty in removing the lid of this coffin.MummyThuya's mummified body wasfound covered with a large sheet of linen, knotted at the back and secured by four bandages. Thesebands were covered with resin and opposite each band were her gilded titles cut from gold foil. The resincoating on the lower layers of bandages preserved the impression of a large broad collar. The mummybands that had once covered her wrapped mummy were recovered above the storage jars on the far sideof the room.The first examination of her body was conducted by Australian anatomist Grafton ElliotSmith. He found her to be an elderly woman of small stature, 1.495 metres (4.90 ft) in height, with whitehair. Both of her earlobes had two piercings. Her arms are straight at her sides with her hands againstthe outside of her thighs. Her embalming incision is stitched with thread, to which a carnelian barrel beadis attached at the lower end; her body cavity is stuffed with resin-soaked linen. When Dr. Douglas Derry,(who later conducted the first examination of Tutankhamun's mummy) assisting Smith in hisexamination, exposed Thuya's feet to get an accurate measurement of her height, he found her to bewearing gold foil sandals. Smith estimated her age at more than 50 years based on her outwardappearance alone. Recent CT scanning has estimated her age at death to be 50–60 years old. Her brainwas removed, though no embalming material was inserted, and both nostrils were stuffed with linen.Embalming packs had been placed into her eye sockets, and subcutaneous filling had been placed intoher mid and lower face to restore a lifelike appearance; embalming material had also been placed intoher mouth and throat. Her teeth were in poor condition at the time of her death, with missing molars.Heavy wear and abscesses had been noted in earlier x-rays. The scan revealed that she had severe"}
{"doc_id":"doc_143","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:War of the Buttons (1994 film)War of the Buttons is a 1994 comedy-drama adventure filmdirected by John Roberts. It was written by Colin Welland and based on the French novel La Guerre desboutons, by Louis Pergaud. The story, about two rival boys' gangs in Ireland, the Ballys (working class)and the Carricks (middle class), is set in County Cork, where it was filmed on location.The film has beenclassified as a drama and comedy, and the tone is frequently light and humorous. It examines issues ofconflict and war, the actions and consequences of violence, and how it can divide and oppose people whocan be friends as easily as they can be enemies.PlotIn the Republic of Ireland in the 1960s, moreprecisely the centre of the bridge over the river that separates the Irish villages of Carrickdowse andBallydowse, there is a white line that few young people dare cross. The boys of each village spend mostof their time trying to upstage the other, whether over the sale of hospital raffle tickets, or somethingmore important, such as deciding who is a \"tosspot\" and who is not, or, for that matter, defining\"tosspot\". This \"War of the Buttons\", in which the buttons from the enemies clothes are captured, hasgone on as long as the youths can remember, and \"to the death\", though rarely does either group hurtmore than its pride.The leader of the Ballys is Fergus (Gregg Fitzgerald), the son of a pauper family andan unpromising student who lives in a trailer on the edge of Ballydowse with his mother and abusivestepfather. What Fergus lacks in education, he makes up for in leadership, and the youth of Ballydowsewill follow him anywhere. The members of the Ballys include Marie (Eveanna Ryan), the narrator, whorevisits her memories of what happened from her adult viewpoint. The leader of the Carricks is Jerome(John Coffey), the son of a wealthy family. He is nicknamed Geronimo after the Apache tribal chief.Thestory explores how events escalate, gang class differences (the original and main incentive for their war),Fergus's troubles with his oppressive environment, conflicts that arise when the adults of the villagesdiscover the feud, and conflicts within the Ballys. Their tactics to \"win\" the war, including a nude ambushof their enemies, are shown in great detail. After a series of battles, Fergus denounces Riley (ThomasKavanagh) as a traitor to the cause before the final showdown which has the Ballys attacking anabandoned castle ruin defended by the Carricks. The Carricks lose, and, taken prisoner, Geronimo himselfcuts off his buttons and gives them to Fergus. While the Ballys celebrate in their headquarters, Geronimo,driving Riley's father's tractor like a tank, levels the Bally clubhouse. This puts a bitter end to the War ofthe Buttons.Finally fed up, the towns' adults, including Geronimo's father (Colm Meaney) and Fergus'abusive stepfather (Jim Bartley), reclaim their children. Fergus runs off to the mountains, whereGeronimo follows him in an unspoken gesture of solidarity. After being captured, the two boys are put inthe church orphanage, where they put aside their differences and become best friends. Marie narrates thecoda, expressing that she married one of the boys, and that the other became the couple's closest friend,but she does not reveal whom she chose to wed.CastLiam Cunningham as The MasterGregg Fitzgerald asFergusColm Meaney as Geronimo's DadGer Ryan as Fergus' MomBackgroundThe film's story is based onthe novel La Guerre des boutons, written by Louis Pergaud and published in 1912. Pergaud's popularbook has been reprinted more than 30 times. It has been adapted as film for the first time in the Frenchproductions La Guerre des gosses (1936) (fr) and La Guerre des boutons (War of the Buttons, 1962), thelatter a black and white film directed by Yves Robert.The Irish screenplay was written by Colin Wellandand the movie was directed by John Roberts. The producer David Puttnam and Welland had workedearlier on the Academy Award-winning Chariots of Fire. This was their second film together. The moviestarred a young Alan Maguire, the actor from Corofin, Co. Clare.During the same week in September2011, two new French film adaptations of the novel were released: War of the Buttons, directed by YannSamuell, set in the 1950s with the Algerian War as backdrop, and War of the Buttons, directed byChristophe Barratier and set during World War II in Occupied France.Passage 2:Brian Kennedy (gallerydirector)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who hasworked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States.  He was the director of thePeabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director ofthe Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art"}
{"doc_id":"doc_144","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Jesse E. HobsonJesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director ofSRI International from 1947 to 1955. Prior to SRI, he was the director of the Armour ResearchFoundation.Early life and educationHobson was born in Marshall, Indiana. He received bachelor's andmaster's degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electrical engineering fromthe California Institute of Technology. Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstandingengineer.Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had fivechildren.CareerAwards and membershipsHobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948.Passage 2:EdmondT. GrévilleEdmond T. Gréville (born Edmond Gréville Thonger; 20 June 1906  – 26 May 1966) was aFrench film director and screenwriter. He was married to the actress Vanda Gréville.CareerGréville beganhis career as a film journalist and critic. In parallel with a few acting performances in some silent filmsand in the first talkie of René Clair, Sous les toits de Paris (1930), he directed his first short films. His firstexperience of directing had been on the shooting of Abel Gance's Napoléon in 1927. He had then workedas an assistant director, notably on the English film Piccadilly, L'Arlésienne (directed by Jacques deBaroncelli), Augusto Genina's  Miss Europe (with Louise Brooks) and  Abel Gance's La Fin du Monde.Between 1930 and 1940 he directed several French films:Le Train des suicidés (1931)Remous (1934)with Françoise Rosay, a social-realist film on the sensitive sexual issue of impotence, and released in theUS in November 1939 under title Whirlpool of Desire after a legal battle over U.S. censorshipTwo comedymusical films Princesse Tam Tam (1935) with Josephine Baker, and Gypsy Melody (1936), with LupeVélez.In Britain again, he filmed Under Secret Orders (1937) with Dita Parlo and John Loder (1937), theEnglish-language version of G. W. Pabst's Mademoiselle Docteur. Gréville also directed Menaces (1938)with Mireille Balin and Erich von Stroheim, with von Stroheim playing an Austrian refugee who commitssuicide following the Anschluss. With a heavy atmosphere charged with eroticism which characterizes hisfilms, Gréville imposed his independence and original style on the cinema of the time.He stoppeddirecting films during the Second World War and the Occupation - xenophobia and anti-Semitism ruinedor put a stop to some careers, among film-makers those of Léonide Moguy and Pierre Chenal forexample, both French Jews, and the half-British Gréville, and took away production and distributioncompanies belonging to Jews like the father and son distributors Siriztky.In 1948 he made a film on thesubject of resistance and collaboration in the Anglo-Dutch film Niet tevergeefs/But Not in Vain. The sameyear he made a film with Carole Landis, Noose, released in the U.S. as The Silk Noose. In House on theWaterfront (1954) he directed Jean Gabin as a captain confronted by an unscrupulous smuggler and tornby his love for a young woman who is also loved by a younger man.In Gréville's last years he made BeatGirl (1959) with Adam Faith and a horror film The Hands of Orlac (1960) with Mel Ferrer. His last film wasL'Accident (1963) with Magali Noël based on a Frédéric David novel.Personal lifeGréville was born in June1906 in Nice, France, the adopted son of Franco-British parents. In May 1966, he died in hospital in Nice,thought to be the result of complications following a car accident. It was subsequently discovered throughthe 23andMe genetic testing of his daughter and grandson in 2017, that he was Ashkenazim Jewish,likely from the area of Odessa, based on the present whereabouts of  his closest genetic relations today.Family speculation suggests that his parents fled the 1905 Russian pogrom to Marseilles, where he mayhave been discovered in the Nice hospital his English father, a Salvation Army colonel and Protestantpastor, was associated with. His true origin and that of his biological parents, remains a mystery.SelectedfilmographyThe Train of Suicides (1931)The Triangle of Fire (1932)Merchant of Love (1935)Gypsy Melody(1936)Brief Ecstasy (1937)Secret Lives (1937)What a Man! (1938)A Woman in the Night (1943)DorothyLooks for Love (1945)But Not in Vain (1948)The Other Side of Paradise (1953)House on the Waterfront(1955)The Accident (1963)Passage 3:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director of film, televisionand theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic televisionand television films. Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, Jamesat 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order andJudging Amy.Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A"}
{"doc_id":"doc_145","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Young and Dangerous: The PrequelYoung and Dangerous: The Prequel (Chinese: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000) is a 1998 Hong Kong crime film directed by Andrew Lau. It is the second prequel in the Young and Dangerous film series.The film shows Chan Ho-nam (Nicholas Tse), Big Head (Daniel Wu), Chow Pan (Benjamin Yuen), Chicken Chiu (Sam Lee), and their friends being recruited by Uncle Bee (Ng Chi-Hung) and joining the \"Hung Hing\" triad.CastNicholas Tse as Chan Ho-namDaniel Wu as Big HeadFrancis Ng as Ugly KwanShu Qi as FeiSam Lee as ChickenSandra Ng as Sister 13 (cameo)Kristy Yang as Yung (cameo)Benjamin Yuen as Chow PanNotesBecause he was only 17, and born on 29 August 1980, Nicholas Tse is not allowed to watch the movie when the movie opens in Hong Kong cinemas on 5 June 1998 because this movie is classified as Category III, which is a restricted category in the Hong Kong motion picture rating system and the category is strictly for persons aged 18 and above only.The story retcons the flashback from the first film, taking place in 1988 rather than 1985.Awards and nominations18th Hong Kong Film AwardsWon: Best New Performer (Nicholas Tse)External linksYoung and Dangerous: The Prequel at IMDbPassage 2:Hanuman Patal VijayHanuman Patal Vijay (Hindi: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, \" Hanuman's Victory Over Hell\") is a 1951 Hindi mythological film directed by Homi Wadia for his Basant Pictures banner. Meena Kumari starred in this devotional film with S. N. Tripathi playing Hanuman. Following her career as a child actress, Meena Kumari did heroine roles in mythologies made by Basant Pictures and directed by Homi Wadia. She had an extremely successful career for some years playing goddesses before her big commercial break in Baiju Bawra (1951). S. N. Tripathi, besides acting in the film, also composed the music. His costars were Meena Kumari, Mahipal, Niranjan Sharma, Dalpat and Amarnath.The story was about Hanuman's devotion to Ram and his battle with the two demon brothers Ahiravan and Mahiravan.PlotThe story is about Hanuman and his confrontations with The King of Patal, Ahiravan, and his brother Mahiravan, who have been asked by Ravan to kill Ram and Lakshman. Mahiravana kidnaps Naga princess chandrasena who is devoted to Rama. The film follows Hanuman's encounter with Makari, the daughter of the sea, who wants to marry him, but instead through the swallowing of a bead of his sweat she gives birth to Makardhwaj who guards the gates of Patal (Hell) where Ram and Lakshman are taken when kidnapped. Hanuman gets the better of Makardhwaj and rescues Ram and Lakshman. A major battle ensues and Ahiravan and Mahiravan are killed, but somehow they keep regenerating. Hanuman manages to find out the secret of their regeneration and puts a stop to it with the help of Ahiravan's wife Chandrasena. In the end, Rama tells Chandrasena that he will marry her in Dvapara Yuga when he will incarnate as Krishna and marry her as satyabhama.CastMeena KumariMahipalS. N. TripathiShanta KunwarVimalDalpatH. PrakashKanta KumarNiranjan SharmaBimlaAmarnathMusicSonglist.RemakeIt was remade in 1974 as Hanuman Vijay directed by Babubhai Mistri.Passage 3:Young and Dangerous 3Young and Dangerous 3 (Chinese: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000) is a 1996 Hong Kong triad film directed by Andrew Lau. It is the second sequel in the Young and Dangerous film series.  Starting from this movie, it is distributed by Golden Harvest Company.PlotWeeks after Chan Ho Nam (Ekin Cheng) is elected branch leader of Causeway Bay of the \"Hung Hing\" Society, \"Chicken\" Chiu (Jordan Chan), best friends Banana Skin (Jason Chu), Pou-pei (Jerry Lamb), Dai Tin-yee (Michael Tse) and K.K. (Halina Tam) after joining the Taiwanese \"San Luen\" triad, is reinstated into Hung Hing by Chairman Chiang Tin Sung (Simon Yam). At the same time, rival triad \"Tung Sing\", led by \"Camel\" Lok (Chan Wai Man) begins to make a name for itself, establishing bars and clubs alongside Hung Hing's areas of operations. Things become heated when Tung Sing member \"Crow\" (Roy Cheung) fuels a deep-seated rivalry between him and Ho Nam, with the threat of open war between the two societies. Meanwhile, Ho Nam's stuttering girlfriend Smartie (Gigi Lai), who was critically injured in a vehicular accident and slipped into a coma, reawakens but with no prior memories to her meeting with Ho Nam for the first time. Regardless, Ho Nam assures her he and his friends will protect her. To add in a stick of comedy, Father \" Lethal Weapon\" Lam (Spencer Lam) introduces his daughter Shuk Fan (Karen Mok) to Chicken, having been good friends and a source of advice for him.During a business trip to Amsterdam with his mistress and Ho Nam, Chairman Chiang is assassinated by thugs. While the rest of Hung Hing believes the hit was "}
{"doc_id":"doc_146","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:The Goose WomanThe Goose Woman is a 1925 American silent drama film directed byClarence Brown and starring Louise Dresser with Jack Pickford as her son. The film was released byUniversal Pictures.The Rex Beach short story is based in part on the then already sensational Hall-Millsmurder case in which a woman named Jane Gibson is described as a pig woman because of the pigs sheraised on her property.PlotAs described in a film magazine reviews, opera singer Mary Holmes loses hervoice as a result of giving birth to a boy, and develops an intense dislike of her offspring. She becomes avictim of drink, living alone in a shabby cottage and raises geese. Her son wins the love of Hazel Woods,a young actress, who repulsed the vicious advances of a millionaire theatre-owner. The latter ismurdered. To gain publicity, Mary invents a wild story about having witnessed the murder. The districtattorney furnishes her with fine clothes, reveals her identity as a former stage star, and she is thesensation of the day. However, the details she concocts about the crime cause her son’s arrest.Confronted with him, she experiences a sudden awakening of mother-love and confesses that her story isfalse. It transpires that the theatre doorman is the guilty person. The son is cleared and faces a happyfuture with his reformed parent and Hazel.CastReceptionBoth critics and audiences favorably received thefilm. The Goose Woman was remade in 1933 as The Past of Mary Holmes featuring Helen MacKellar andJean Arthur.Passage 2:You Can No Longer Remain SilentYou Can No Longer Remain Silent (German: Dudarfst nicht länger schweigen) is a 1955 West German romantic drama film directed by Robert A.Stemmle and starring Heidemarie Hatheyer, Wilhelm Borchert and Werner Hinz. It is based on the 1929novel  Morning of Life by Kristmann Gudmundsson. It is set amongst feuding Scandinavian fishingfamilies.It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin with location shooting around in Sweden aroundGothenburg. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Helmut Nentwig and KarlWeber.CastPassage 3:The Goose Girl (1957 film)The Goose Girl (German: Die Gänsemagd) is a 1957West German family film directed by Fritz Genschow and starring Rita-Maria Nowotny, Renée Stobrawaand Renate Fischer. It is based on the fairy tale The Goose Girl by the Brothers Grimm.CastRita-MariaNowotny as Prinzessin RosemargretRenée Stobrawa as Königin-MutterRenate Fischer as Malice -KammermädchenGünter Hertel as Prinz FriedbertAlexander Welbat as Hinz - ReitburscheWolfgangDraeger as Kunz - ReitburscheFritz GenschowTheodor VogelerPeter HackPassage 4:ClarenceBrownClarence Leon Brown (May 10, 1890 – August 17, 1987) was an American film director.EarlylifeBorn in Clinton, Massachusetts, to Larkin Harry Brown, a cotton manufacturer, and Katherine AnnBrown (née Gaw), Brown moved to Tennessee when he was 11 years old. He attended Knoxville HighSchool and the University of Tennessee, both in Knoxville, Tennessee, graduating from the university atthe age of 19 with two degrees in engineering. An early fascination in automobiles led Brown to a job withthe Stevens-Duryea Company, then to his own Brown Motor Car Company in Alabama. He laterabandoned the car dealership after developing an interest in motion pictures around 1913. He was hiredby the Peerless Studio at Fort Lee, New Jersey, and became an assistant to the French-born directorMaurice Tourneur.CareerAfter serving as a fighter pilot and flight instructor in the United States Army AirService during World War I, Brown was given his first co-directing credit (with Tourneur) for The GreatRedeemer (1920). Later that year, he directed a major portion of The Last of the Mohicans after Tourneurwas injured in a fall.Brown moved to Universal in 1924, and then to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, where heremained until the mid-1950s. At MGM he was one of the main directors of their major female stars; hedirected Joan Crawford six times and Greta Garbo seven.Brown was nominated six times (see below) foran Academy Award as a director, but he never received an Oscar. However, he won Best Foreign Film forAnna Karenina, starring Garbo at the 1935 Venice International Film Festival.Brown's films gained a totalof 38 Academy Award nominations and earned nine Oscars. Brown himself received six Academy Awardnominations and in 1949, he won the British Academy Award for the film version of William Faulkner'sIntruder in the Dust.In 1957, Brown was awarded The George Eastman Award, given by George EastmanHouse for distinguished contribution to the art of film. Brown retired a wealthy man due to his real estateinvestments, but refused to watch new movies, as he feared they might cause him to restart his"}
{"doc_id":"doc_147","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Alexandru CristeaAlexandru Cristea (1890–1942) was the composer of the music for \"LimbaNoastră\", current national anthem of Moldova.BiographyA choir director, a composer and music teacher.Taught at the  \"Vasile Kormilov\" music school (1928) with Gavriil Afanasiu and the  \"Unirea\"Conservatory (1927–1929) in Chişinău with Alexandru Antonovschi (canto), he was the master of vocalmusic from Chişinău (1920–1940), professor of music and conductor of the choir in the boys gymnasium\"Ion Heliade Rădulescu\" in Bucure\u0000ti (1940–1941). Later, between 1941 and 1942, he directed the choirat the \"Queen Mother Elena\" high school from Chişinău. In 1920, he was ordained as a deacon of the St.George Church in Chişinău, from 1927 to 1941 was a deacon holds the Metropolitan Cathedral ofChişinău.CreationHis main creation is considered the music for \"Limba Noastră\", current national anthemof Moldova, composed in the lyrics of the priest-poet Alexei Mateevici. He was awarded the “Răsplatamuncii pentru biserică”.Passage 2:Pete TownshendPeter Dennis Blandford Townshend (; born 19 May1945) is an English musician. He is the co-founder, leader, guitarist, second lead vocalist and principalsongwriter of the Who, one of the most influential rock bands of the 1960s and 1970s. Due to hisaggressive playing style and innovative songwriting techniques, Townshend's works with the Who and inother projects have earned him critical acclaim.Townshend has written more than 100 songs for 12 of theWho's studio albums. These include concept albums, the rock operas Tommy (1969) and Quadrophenia(1973), plus popular rock radio staples such as Who's Next (1971); as well as dozens more that appearedas non-album singles, bonus tracks on reissues, and tracks on rarities compilation albums such as Odds &Sods (1974). He has also written more than 100 songs that have appeared on his solo albums, as well asradio jingles and television theme songs.While known primarily as a guitarist, Townshend also playskeyboards, banjo, accordion, harmonica, ukulele, mandolin, violin, synthesiser, bass guitar, and drums;he is self-taught on all of these instruments and plays on his own solo albums, several Who albums, andas a guest contributor to an array of other artists' recordings. Townshend has also contributed to andauthored many newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, essays, books, and scripts, and he hascollaborated as a lyricist and composer for many other musical acts. In 1983, Townshend received theBrit Award for Lifetime Achievement and in 1990 he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as amember of the Who. Townshend was ranked No. 3 in Dave Marsh's 1994 list of Best Guitarists in The NewBook of Rock Lists. In 2001, he received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award as a member of theWho; and in 2008 he received Kennedy Center Honors. He was ranked No. 10 in Gibson.com's 2011 listof the top 50 guitarists, and No. 10 in Rolling Stone's updated 2011 list of the 100 greatest guitarists ofall time. He and Roger Daltrey received The George and Ira Gershwin Award for Lifetime MusicalAchievement at UCLA on 21 May 2016.Early life and educationTownshend was born in Chiswick, WestLondon, at the Chiswick Hospital, Netheravon Road, in the UK. He came from a musical family: his father,Cliff Townshend, was a professional alto saxophonist in the Royal Air Force's dance band theSquadronaires and his mother, Betty (née Dennis), was a singer with the Sydney Torch and Les DouglassOrchestras. The Townshends had a volatile marriage, as both drank heavily and possessed fiery tempers.Cliff Townshend was often away from his family touring with his band while Betty carried on affairs withother men. The two split when Townshend was a toddler and he was sent to live with his maternalgrandmother Emma Dennis, whom Pete later described as \"clinically insane\". The two-year separationended when Cliff and Betty purchased a house together on Woodgrange Avenue in middle-class Acton,and the young Pete was happily reunited with his parents. His neighbourhood was one-third Polish, and adevout Jewish family upstairs shared their housing with them and cooking with them—many of hisfather's closest friends were Jewish.Townshend says he did not have many friends growing up, so hespent much of his boyhood reading adventure novels like Gulliver's Travels and Treasure Island. Heenjoyed his family's frequent excursions to the seaside and the Isle of Man. It was on one of these trips inthe summer of 1956 that he repeatedly watched the 1956 film Rock Around the Clock, sparking hisfascination with American rock and roll. Not long thereafter, he went to see Bill Haley perform in London,Townshend's first concert. At the time, he did not see himself pursuing a career as a professional"}
{"doc_id":"doc_148","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Popiel IPopiel I was a legendary ruler of Poland, member of the Popielids dynasty. According tothe legends reported by Wincenty Kadłubek in his Chronica seu originale regum et principum Poloniae, hewas the son of Leszko III. Father of Popiel II.BibliographyJerzy Strzelczyk: Mity, podania i wierzeniadawnych Słowian. Poznań: Rebis, 2007. ISBN 978-83-7301-973-7.Jerzy Strzelczyk: Od Prasłowian doPolaków. Kraków: Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, 1987. ISBN 83-03-02015-3.Passage2:Beaulieu-sur-LoireBeaulieu-sur-Loire (French pronunciation: [boljø sy\u0000 lwa\u0000], literally Beaulieu onLoire) is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France. It is the place of death of JacquesMacDonald, a French general who served in the Napoleonic Wars.PopulationSee alsoCommunes of theLoiret departmentPassage 3:Sermon of Zaynab bint Ali in the court of YazidSermon of Zaynab bint Ali inthe court of Yazid  are the statements made by Zaynab bint Ali in the presence of Yazid I in the aftermathof the Battle of Karbala when the captive family members of Muhammad, prophet of Islam, and the headsof those murdered were moved to the Levant (equivalent to the historical region of Syria) by the forces ofYazid I. Zaynab delivered a defiant sermon in the court of Yazid in which she humiliated Yazid andexposed his army's atrocities while honoring the Ahl al-Bayt and those killed in Karbala and expoundingupon the eternal consequences of the battle.Zaynab bint AliZaynab bint Ali (Arabic: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000) was one of the daughters of Ali and Fatimah. Like other members of her familyshe became a great figure of sacrifice, strength, and piety in Islam – in both the Sunni and Shia sects ofthe religion. Zaynab married Abdullah ibn Ja'far and had three sons and two daughters. When her brotherHusayn defended Islam and opposed the tyranny of Yazid caliph in 680 AD (61 AH), Zaynab accompaniedhis companions, 72 men who, together with Husayn, were brutally slain by government forces numbering30,000 men at the Battle of Karbala. Zaynab played an important role in disclosing the true eventsleading up to the massacre of the third Shia Imam Husayn, and his supporters. She also protected the lifeof her nephew Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, the fourth Shia Imam, as he lay seriously ill and unable togo to the battlefield. Because of her sacrifice and heroism, she became known as the \"Hero of Karbala\".Zaynab died in 681, and her shrine is located in Damascus, Syria.BackgroundAfter the battle of Karbalathe captured family of the prophet and the heads of those who were killed were taken to the Levant bythe forces of Yazid. On the first day of the month of Safar, according to Turabi, they arrived in the Levantand the captured family and heads were taken into Yazid's presence. First, the identity of each head wastold to him. Then he paid attention to a woman who was objecting. Yazid asked, \"Who is this arrogantwoman?\" All the audience paused for a moment. The woman rose to answer and said: \"Why are youasking them [the woman]? Ask me. I'll tell you [who I am]. I am Muhammad's granddaughter. I amFatima's daughter.\" People at the court were impressed and amazed by her. According to the narration ofAl-Shaykh Al-Mufid, in Yazid's presence a man with red skin asked Yazid for one of the captured womento be his slave. Yazid hit the lips and teeth of Hussein with his stick while saying: \"I wish those of my clanwho were killed at Badr, and those who had seen the Khazraj clan wailing (in the battle of Uhad) onaccount of lancet wounds, were here. At this time, Zaynab bint Ali began to give hersermon.ContextZaynab bint Ali started her sermon with the praise of Allah:In the name of Allah, Themost Gracious, the most Merciful. All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the worlds. May praise andsalutations be upon my grandfather, the leader of Allah's messengers and upon his progeny.God givestime to disbelieversVerse 178 of chapter of Al Imran was descended about polytheists of Mecca such asAbu Sufyan ibn Harb. Zainab bint Ali once again relates this verse to Yazid, grandson of Abu Sufyan ibnHarb. She said: \"Do not be satisfied with this temporal achievement; this time passes quickly and Allahwill punish you. You will be humiliated.\"As we see in the sermon:O Yazid! Do you think that we havebecome humble and despicable owing to the martyrdom of our people and our own captivity? Do youthink that by killing the godly persons you have become great and respectable and the Almighty looks atyou with special grace and kindness? You have, however, forgotten what Allah says: The disbelieversmust not think that our respite is for their good We only give them time to let them increase their sins.For them there will be a humiliating torment. (Quran 3:178 (Yusuf Ali))Humiliate the enemy and honoring"}
{"doc_id":"doc_149","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:IwamuraIwamura (written: \u0000\u0000 lit. \"rock village\") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:Akinori Iwamura, Japanese baseball playerNoboru Iwamura, Japanese biologistAi Iwamura, Japanese actressIwamura Michitoshi, Meiji era politicianShunichi Iwamura (\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000, born 1940), Japanese sprint canoeistSee alsoIwamura Castle in Gifu Prefecture, JapanIwamura, Gifu, former town in Gifu Prefecture, Japan67853 Iwamura, main-belt asteroidPassage 2:Little Rock Trojans women's basketballThe Little Rock Trojans women's basketball team represents the University of Arkansas at Little Rock in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States. The school will join the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) on July 1, 2022 after 31 seasons in the Sun Belt Conference.HistoryLittle Rock has won the West Division in the Sun Belt in 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2013. They won the Sun Belt Conference Tournament in 2011, 2012, and 2015. They have made the WNIT in 2008, 2009, and 2013. They made the Second Round of the NCAA Tournament in 2010 beating Georgia Tech 63–53. They lost to Oklahoma 60–44 in the subsequent game. They made the Second Round in 2015 after beating Texas A&M 69–60. They lost 57–54 to Arizona State in the subsequent game. As of the end of the 2015–16 season, the Trojans have an all-time record of 384–485, with a 288–231 record since joining Division I in 1999.NCAA tournament resultsPassage 3:University of Arkansas at Little RockThe University of Arkansas at Little Rock (UA Little Rock) is a public research university in Little Rock, Arkansas. Established as Little Rock Junior College by the Little Rock School District in 1927, the institution became a private four-year university under the name Little Rock University in 1957. It returned to public status in 1969 when it merged with the University of Arkansas System under its present name. The former campus of Little Rock Junior College is now (2019) the campus of Philander Smith College.At 250 acres (100 ha), the UA Little Rock campus encompasses more than 56 buildings, including the Center for Nanotechnology Integrative Sciences, the Emerging Analytics Center, the Sequoyah Research Center, and the Ottenheimer Library Additionally, UA Little Rock houses special learning facilities that include a learning resource center, art galleries, KUAR public radio station, University Television, and a campus-wide wireless network. It is classified among \"R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity\".AcademicsThe university features more than 100 undergraduate degrees and 60 graduate degrees, including graduate certificates, master's degrees, and doctorates, through both traditional and online courses. Students attend classes in one of the university's three new colleges and a law school:College of Business, Health, and Human ServicesCollege of Humanities, Arts, Social Sciences, and EducationDonaghey College of Science, Technology, Engineering, and MathematicsWilliam H. Bowen School of LawStudent lifeThe student life at UA Little Rock is typical of public universities in the United States. It is characterized by student-run organizations and affiliation groups that support social, academic, athletic and religious activities and interests. Some of the services offered by the UA Little Rock Office of Campus Life are intramural sports and fitness programs, diversity programs, leadership development, peer tutoring, student government association, student support programs including groups for non-traditional and first generation students, a student-run newspaper, and fraternity and sorority life. The proximity of the UA Little Rock campus to downtown Little Rock enables students to take advantage of a wide array of recreational, entertainment, educational, internship and employment opportunities that are not available anywhere else in Arkansas.Campus livingUA Little Rock provides a variety of on-campus living options for students ranging from traditional resident rooms to multiple bedroom apartments. The university has four residence halls on the eastern side of the campus and the University Village Apartment Complex on the southern side of campus. Six learning communities focusing on criminal justice, arts and culture, majors and careers, future business innovators, nursing careers, and STEM are available to students.AthleticsUA Little Rock's 14 athletic teams are known as the Little Rock Trojans, with almost all teams participating in the Sun Belt Conference. Little Rock is one of two Sun Belt members that do not sponsor football (UT Arlington being the other); UA Little Rock last fielded a football team in 1955 when it was known as Little Rock Junior College. Little Rock's main athletic offices are located in the Jack Stephens Center. UA Little Rock offers the following sports:Two Little Rock teams that do not compete in the Sun Belt are the women's swimming and diving team (Missouri Valley Conference) and wrestling (Pac-12 "}
{"doc_id":"doc_150","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:The Wonderful World of Captain KuhioThe Wonderful World of Captain Kuhio (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, Kuhio Taisa, lit. \"Captain Kuhio\") is a 2009 Japanese comedy-crime film, directed by Daihachi Yoshida, based on Kazumasa Yoshida's 2006 biographical novel, Kekkon Sagishi Kuhio Taisa (lit. \"Marriage swindler Captain Kuhio\"), that focuses on a real-life marriage swindler, who conned over 100 million yen (US$1.2 million) from a number of women between the 1970s and the 1990s.The film was released in Japan on 10 October 2009.CastMasato Sakai - Captain KuhioYasuko Matsuyuki - Shinobu NaganoHikari Mitsushima - Haru YasuokaYuko Nakamura - Michiko SudoHirofumi Arai - Tatsuya NaganoKazuya Kojima - Koichi TakahashiSakura Ando - Rika KinoshitaMasaaki Uchino - Chief FujiwaraKanji Furutachi - Shigeru KurodaReila AphroditeSei AndoAwardsAt the 31st Yokohama Film FestivalBest Actor – Masato SakaiBest Supporting Actress – Sakura AndoPassage 2:Star Quest: The OdysseyStar Quest: The Odyssey is a 2009 low budget American science-fiction film directed by Jon Bonnell, written by Carlos Perez, and starring Aaron Ginn-Forsberg, Davina Joy and Tamara McDaniel. The film was released on November 3, 2009.External linksStar Quest: The Odyssey at IMDbTrailer Star Quest: The Odyssey on YouTubePassage 3:Men's GroupMen's Group is a 2008 Australian drama film. The film is directed by Michael Joy from a screenplay co-written with John L. Simpson.PlotThe film follows the lives of six men over a period of months as they convene weekly in a self-help style group. Meeting at the home of Paul, the men include Freddy, a depressed stand-up comedian; the elderly Cecil; businessman Lucas; the bereaved Anthony; taciturn Moses; and talkative, middle-aged Alex. As trust grows between the men they gradually begin to open up and learn to listen to each other, discovering they are not alone in their fears as they had presumed. When a tragedy befalls the group, the men realize they must take responsibilities for their own lives and those of their loved ones.CastGrant Dodwell as AlexPaul Gleeson as PaulSteve Le Marquand as LucasDon Reid as CecilSteve Rodgers as FreddyPaul Tassone as MosesWilliam Zappa as AnthonyProductionDevelopmentThe concept of the film was conceived by Michael Joy and John L. Simpson, while working together on another project dealing with men's issues and their inability to communicate. At that time, director Michael Joy was experiencing depression and attended a men's support group on the advice of a telephone counsellor. Joy was struck by the pain of the men in the room and the safe environment in which they could express what they were going through.FilmingJoy worked with each of the actors separately, workshopping the script over two months. Using this technique, Michael and John L. would create scenes from key character points and events. Only then was a comprehensive screenplay drafted and delivered to the heads of departments.The actors were not allowed to see the screenplay prior to shooting, and had little or no idea of other characters' story lines. The filmmakers did this to capture the actors' first responses to what was unfolding in front of them. There was only one take for each shot that appears in the film, and the shoot lasted only 14 days. It was shot in sequence, so the filmmakers could not go back to reshoot. Before each scene, Joy spent time talking to the actors quietly and individually about their lives at that point, trying to get them to speak about specific things that needed to happen in the film.The film was a micro-budget production, created on a reverse finance model, with each key crew member and actor taking an equity position in the film.ReceptionThe film was praised and is particularly recognised for the strong performances by the lead actors. Anton Bitel of Eye for Film wrote the film \" represents a refreshing examination of the collective male psyche through pure drama\", and added the improvisational nature of the film results in an \"ensemble performances of searing, warts-and-all realism, so utterly believable that viewers themselves will feel like silent members of the party, compelled by the power of the proceedings to watch, listen, learn – and maybe join in the conversation after the credits have rolled.\" On At the Movies, Margaret Pomeranz awarded the film four stars and David Stratton awarded it three and a half stars.On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, Men's Group has an approval rating of 86% based on 7 reviews.AFI Fellowship and TourFollowing the theatrical release of the film by Titan View, John L. Simpson was approached by men's health groups who wished to screen the film and use it as a tool to prompt discussions about men's mental health. With this interest, Simpson proposed to tour the film around Australia to non-theatrical venues for community group screenings, and in the "}
{"doc_id":"doc_151","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Chow Ka WaChow Ka Wa (Chinese: \u0000\u0000\u0000; Cantonese Yale: Jāu Gāwà ; born 23 April 1986 in Hong Kong) is a Hong Kong footballer who plays for Hong Kong First Division League club Southern as a right midfielder.Club careerCitizenChow began his professional career at Citizen, a newly promoted First Division club, in the 2004–05 season. However, as a young player, he failed to compete for a place in the starting line-up, only mostly played in the Senior Shield.Loan to Xiangxie PharDuring the season, Xiangxie Phar was rebuilt and players all left the club. To retain their presence in the league, six teams from the First Division league loaned their young players so that they could gain match experiences. Chow was one of them who was loaned from Citizen. However, as he was still a student at that time, he failed to attend every training session and therefore was not given many match-playing chances. He returned to Citizen at the end of the season.Kwun TongAfter spending a season in the top-tier division, he joined Third Division side Kwun Tong, as he had to focus on academic studies. Although he played most of the matches, he failed to help them gain promotion to the Second Division. He left the club at the end of the season.Hong Kong 08Chow made a return to the First Division in the 2006–07 season, joining Hong Kong 08, which was formed by a team of young players to let them gain match experiences before competing in the 2008 Olympics qualifiers. He was given plenty of match-playing chances although there were many wingers at the team. However, the club was relegated and was dissolved after the season.Although many players and coaches joined newly promoted side Workable, Chow did not follow them and joined Third Division side Shatin, meaning he would miss the First Division for the second time.ShatinChow joined Third Division side Shatin in the 2007–08 season. As a third-tier club, however, Shatin had many players with First Division playing experience, including Lee Wai Man who was the current most capped Hong Kong national team record player, Ng Yat Hoi, Kwok Yue Hung and so on. With an exceptionally strong squad in the league, Chow helped Shatin claim the league title without dropping any points in all 15 matches, meaning they had also gained promotion to Second Division. At the same time, Shatin also won the Junior Shield title in the season.Chow stayed at the club as Shatin were aiming at promotion to the First Division for their first time in club history. He continued to make a great impact in the team and eventually helped the club achieve their season goal as they claimed the league title with only losing one match in 18 matches. On the other hand, Shatin successfully defended their Junior Shield title, defeating Sham Shai Po 2–0 in the final. Chow played 90 minutes in the match, providing one assist in the match.He followed the team and made a second return to the First Division in the 2009–10 season. However, since Shatin bought several new players to strengthen their squad, Chow's match-playing chances were therefore reduced. Shatin failed to avoid relegation to the Second Division as they placed 2nd at the bottom of the league. Chow also left the club after the season.PonticChow made his third leave from the First Division as he joined Second Division side Pontic in the 2010–11 season. As a key member in the team, he only missed one game throughout the season, helping the club gain promotion to the First Division.However, since Pontic failed to find sponsors, they lacked sufficient funds to run the club. As a result, Pontic announced they refused to promote to the First Division. Soon later, Pontic was punished and had their club qualification cancelled, meaning that they were not able to compete in every league and cup organised by the Hong Kong Football Association. Chow became Free Agent afterwards.SouthernChow joined Second Division side Southern in the 2011–12 season. Under coaching of Fung Hoi Man, Chow was a usual starter for the club, featuring 20 league matches and scoring 2 goals. Southern successfully gain promotion to the First Division as they placed second in the league.The 2012–13 season was a year of breakthrough for Chow Ka Wa, as his impressive performance and co-operation with fellow team-mates Dieguito, Jonathan Carril and Ip Chung Long attracted people's eyes. He made a great impact on Southern's 8-game unbeaten in the league during the season. Unfortunately, Chow was injured in January and was forced to stay on the sidelines for two months.On 20 April 2013, he scored the winning goal in the 68th minute after being substituted in the 60th minute against South China, not just helping the club to win 3–2, but also helping them to secure the league 4th place. This was also Chow's first game after his recovery on his injury. This goal became more important as Southern qualified for the 2013 Hong Kong AFC Cup play-offs by finishing fourth in the "}
{"doc_id":"doc_152","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Anthony OsorioAnthony Osorio (born April 13, 1994) is a Canadian professional soccer playerwho last played as a defender and midfielder for the Mississauga MetroStars in the Major Arena SoccerLeague.Club careerOsorio attended St. Edmund Campion where he represented the school team, havinggrown up in Brampton, Ontario. He was part of the team that won the school's second and third OntarioFederation of Schools Athletic Association Championship in four years.In 2013 after a successful trial inUruguay Osorio joined the u19 side of Nacional. Then moved up to the reserve team the following year in2014.Toronto FC IIHe joined the Toronto FC Academy in July 2014, and helped the club to becomeLeague1 Ontario champions and Inter-Provincial Cup Championship winners. Osorio was rewarded with aUSL pro contract on December 9, 2015, joining Toronto FC II and going on to make 19 appearances in hisinaugural season. The midfielder made his professional debut on April 25, 2015, playing in a matchagainst the Pittsburgh Riverhounds in the USL. Osorio would spend three seasons with the club prior tobe released at the conclusion of the 2017 season.Post-TFCIn 2018, he played for Vaughan Azzurri inLeague1 Ontario.  After that he joined the  Mississauga MetroStars of the Major Arena SoccerLeague.International careerOsorio represented Canada at the 2013 Francophone games in Nice, France.He made his international debut in a friendly as a halftime substitute vs Cameroon that ended in a 0–0draw. Osorio made his first international start and recorded his first international goal in a 1–0 win overRwanda on September 8, 2013.Personal lifeOsorio's parents are Colombian – his father is a native of Cali,while his mother was born in Medellín. Osorio's older brother, Jonathan Osorio, plays for Toronto FC andrepresents the Canadian seniors. Osorio's younger brother, Nicholas, previously played in the Toronto FCsystem and represented the Canadian under-15s.In 2018, Osorio suffered a nasty ACL tear which forcedhim to undergo surgery and not participate at all in the Metrostars' inaugural season as well as take all of2019 off on the sidelines to recover from the tragic injury. Osorio was linked to a move to CPL side York 9FC had the injury not occurred.Career statisticsAs of October 30, 2018Passage 2:Etta JonesEtta Jones(November 25, 1928 – October 16, 2001) was an American jazz singer. Her best-known recordings are\"Don't Go to Strangers\" and \"Save Your Love for Me\". She worked with Buddy Johnson, Oliver Nelson,Earl Hines, Barney Bigard, Gene Ammons, Kenny Burrell, Milt Jackson, Cedar Walton, and HoustonPerson.BiographyJones was born in Aiken, South Carolina, and raised in Harlem, New York. Still in herteens, she joined Buddy Johnson's band for a tour although she was not featured on record. Her firstrecordings—\"Salty Papa Blues\", \"Evil Gal Blues\", \"Blow Top Blues\", and \"Long, Long Journey\"—wereproduced by Leonard Feather in 1944, placing her in the company of clarinetist Barney Bigard and tenorsaxophonist Georgie Auld. In 1947, she recorded and released an early cover version of Leon Rene's \"ISold My Heart to the Junkman\" (previously released by the Basin Street Boys on Rene's Exclusive label)while at RCA Victor Records. She performed with the Earl Hines sextet from 1949 to 1952.Following herrecordings for Prestige, on which Jones was featured with high-profile arrangers such as Oliver Nelsonand jazz stars such as Frank Wess, Roy Haynes, and Gene Ammons, she had a musical partnership ofmore than 30 years with tenor saxophonist Houston Person, who received equal billing with her. He alsoproduced her albums and served as her manager after the pair met in one of Johnny \"Hammond\" Smith'sbands.Although Etta Jones is likely to be remembered above all for her recordings on Prestige, her closeprofessional relationship with Person (frequently, but mistakenly, identified as Jones' husband) helpedensure that the last two decades of her life would be marked by uncommon productivity. Starting in1976, they began recording for Muse, which later changed its name to HighNote. Mr. Person became hermanager, as well as her record producer and accompanist, in a partnership that lasted until her death in2001.Only one of her recordings—her debut album for Prestige Records (Don't Go to Strangers,1960)—enjoyed commercial success with sales of over 1 million copies. However, her remaining sevenalbums for Prestige, and beginning in 1976, her recordings for Muse Records, and for HighNote Recordssecured her a devoted following. She had three Grammy nominations: for the Don't Go to Strangersalbum in 1960, the Save Your Love for Me album in 1981, and My Buddy (dedicated to her first employer,Buddy Johnson) in 1998. In 2008 the album Don't Go to Strangers was inducted into the Grammy Hall of"}
{"doc_id":"doc_153","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Jacob Le MaireJacob Le Maire (c. 1585 – 22 December 1616) was a Dutch mariner whocircumnavigated the earth in 1615 and 1616. The strait between Tierra del Fuego and Isla de los Estadoswas named the Le Maire Strait in his honour, though not without controversy. It was Le Maire himselfwho proposed to the council aboard Eendracht that the new passage should be called by his name andthe council unanimously agreed with Le Maire. The author or authors of The Relation took Eendrachtcaptain Willem Schouten's side by proclaiming:“ ... our men had each of them three cups of wine in signeof ioy for our good hap ... [and the naming of] the Straights of Le Maire, although by good right it shouldrather have been called Willem Schouten Straight, after our Masters Name, by whose wise conductionand skill in sayling, the same was found.”.Eendracht then rounded Cape Horn, proving that Tierra delFuego was not a continent.BiographyJacob Le Maire was born in either Antwerp or Amsterdam, one of the22 children of Maria Walraven of Antwerp and Isaac Le Maire (1558–1624) of Tournai, who was thenalready a prosperous merchant in Antwerp. Isaac and Maria married shortly before the Spanish siege ofAntwerp in 1585 after which they fled to settle in Amsterdam. Jacob is thought to have been the oldestson, born perhaps the same year. Isaac was very successful in Amsterdam, and became one of thefounders of the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC). However, in 1605 Isaac Le Maire was forced to leavethe company after a dispute and for the next decade tried to break the company's monopoly on the tradeto the East Indies.By 1615 Isaac had established a new company (the Australian Company) with the goalto find a new route to the Pacific and the Spice Islands, thereby evading the restrictions of the VOC. Hecontributed to the outfitting of two ships, the Eendracht and Hoorn, and put his son Jacob in charge oftrading during the expedition. The experienced ship master Willem Schouten was captain of theEendracht and a participant of the enterprise in equal shares with Isaac Le Maire.On 14 June 1615 Jacoble Maire and Willem Schouten sailed from Texel in the United Provinces. On 29 January 1616 theyrounded Cape Horn, which they named for the Hoorn, which was lost in a fire.  The Dutch city of Hoornwas also the birthplace of Schouten. After failing to moor at the Juan Fernández Islands in early March,the ships crossed the Pacific in a fairly straight line, visiting several of the Tuamotus. Between 21 and 24April 1616 they were the first Westerners to visit the (Northern) Tonga islands: \"Cocos Island\" (Tafahi),\"Traitors Island\" (Niuatoputapu), and \"Island of Good Hope\" (Niuafo'ou). On 28 April they discovered theHoorn Islands (Futuna and Alofi), where they were very well received and stayed until 12 May. They thenfollowed the north coasts of New Ireland and New Guinea and visited adjacent islands, including, on 24July, what became known as the Schouten Islands.They reached the northern Moluccas in August andfinally Ternate, the headquarters of the VOC, on 12 September 1616. Here they were enthusiasticallywelcomed by Governor-General Laurens Reael, admiral Steven Verhagen, and the governor of Ambon,Jasper Jansz.The Eendracht sailed on to Java and reached  Batavia on 28 October with a remarkable 84of the original 87 crew members of both ships on board. Although they had opened an unknown route,Jan Pieterszoon Coen of the VOC claimed infringement of its monopoly of trade to the Spice Islands. LeMaire and Schouten were arrested and the Eendracht was confiscated. After being released, theyreturned from Batavia to Amsterdam in the company of Joris van Spilbergen, who was on acircumnavigation of the earth himself, be it via the traditional Strait of Magellan.Le Maire was aboard theship Amsterdam on this journey home, but died en route. Van Spilbergen was at his deathbed and tookLe Maire's report of his trip, which he included in his book Mirror of the East and West Indies. The rest ofthe crew arrived in the Netherlands on 1 July 1617, two years and 17 days after they departed. Jacob'sfather Isaac challenged the confiscation and the conclusion of the VOC, but it took him until 1622 until acourt ruled in his favour. He was awarded 64,000 pounds and retrieved his son's diaries (which he thenpublished as well), and his company was allowed trade via the newly discovered route. Unfortunately, bythen, the Dutch West Indies Company had claimed the same waters.FootnotesPassage 2:ÉricRohmerJean Marie Maurice Schérer or Maurice Henri Joseph Schérer, known as Éric Rohmer (French:[e\u0000ik \u0000om\u0000\u0000]; 21 March 1920 – 11 January 2010), was a French film director, film critic, journalist,novelist, screenwriter, and teacher.Rohmer was the last of the post-World War II French New Wave"}
{"doc_id":"doc_154","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Ben PalmerBen Palmer (born 1976) is a British film and television director.His televisioncredits include the Channel 4 sketch show Bo' Selecta! (2002–2006), the second and third series of theE4 sitcom The Inbetweeners (2009–2010) and the Sky Atlantic comedy-drama Breeders (2020). Palmerhas also directed films such as the Inbetweeners spin-off, The Inbetweeners Movie (2011) and theromantic comedy Man Up (2015).BiographyPalmer was born and raised in Penny Bridge,Barrow-in-Furness. He attended Chetwynde School.His first directing job was the Channel 4 sketch showBo' Selecta!, which he co-developed with its main star, Leigh Francis. Palmer directed the second andthird series of the E4 sitcom The Inbetweeners in 2009 and 2010, respectively.FilmographyBo' Selecta!(2002–06)Comedy Lab (2004–2010)Bo! in the USA (2006)The Inbetweeners (2009–2010)TheInbetweeners Movie (2011)Comedy Showcase (2012)Milton Jones's House of Rooms (2012)Them fromThat Thing (2012)Bad Sugar (2012)Chickens (2013)London Irish (2013)Man Up (2015)SunTrap(2015)BBC Comedy Feeds (2016)Nigel Farage Gets His Life Back (2016)Back (2017)Comedy Playhouse(2017)Urban Myths (2017–19)Click & Collect (2018)Semi-Detached (2019)Breeders (2020)Passage2:Santa and the Fairy Snow QueenSanta and the Fairy Snow Queen is a 1951 short fantasy film directedby Sid Davis.PlotSnoopy, (Rochelle Stanton) one of Santa Claus' (Edmund Penney) brownies, introducesherself to the audience, and explains that it is her job to watch little boys and girls, to see if they arebehaving well, and to make sure all the toys Santa gives to children on Christmas are being taken careof. If she finds them broken or forgotten, she hauls them off to the Land of Lost and Forgotten Toys.Snoopy then says Santa asked her to tell all the children the story of how the Fairy Snow Queen gave lifeto toys, so that they might be more respectful of their gifts.Snoopy then begins the story: one ChristmasEve, long ago, right after Santa and the brownies had finished making the toys, Santa asked the FairySnow Queen to come visit so they can have a sugar cookie. The Fairy Snow Queen came, but discoveredSanta deeply asleep in his chair, exhausted from his hard work. At his feet, the queen found several ofthe toys that he was about to deliver: a rag doll, (Jenny Neal) a musical doll, (Lee Porter) ajack-in-the-box, (Don Oreck) a toy soldier, (Bob Porter) a baby doll, (Audrey Washburn) a doll dressed asa peasant, (Joanna Lamond) and a candy lion (Patrick Clement). Insulted at being forgotten about, theFairy Snow Queen decided to play a trick on Santa, and brought the toys to life. As the toys take theirfirst steps, the queen dances with the rag doll, and Santa wakes up. The toys demonstrate they can sing,and while Santa enjoyed their music, he asked the Fairy Snow Queen to revert them to their inanimatestate. The queen protested, saying it's all good fun. The toy soldier and baby doll then show everyone amarching routine, after which the mischievous Jack jumps out of his box and frightens the other toys,until he is coaxed back into his dwelling by the toy soldier. The Fairy Snow queen then used her magic tocalm everyone down, and Santa asked her once again to put the toys back to normal, before the toys fallin love with each other, or break themselves. The queen then reveals that because she'd beenirresponsible with her magic, her powers were taken away. She tells Santa she can only change the toysback if they wish to return to their normal states, and they have no such desire, so she cannot. After this,Santa told the toys that if they don't change back, he won't have any gifts to give to the children. TheFairy Snow Queen then offered a compromise: the toys will come to life for one hour, at midnight, eachnight. The toys agree to this, and Santa appoints Snoopy the caretaker of all the toys. Before shechanged them back, the musical doll and the toy soldier reveal they have fallen in love with each other.In remembrance of her, the soldier gave the doll his golden medal, and Santa decreed all musical dollswill wear golden medals to commemorate their love. The queen returned the toys back to normal, leavingSanta and Snoopy to load the toys onto his sleigh.MusicSome of the music used in the short film wasfrom The Nutcracker Suite and The Sleeping Beauty by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.ProductionOriginally aone act play written by Porter in 1949, the film wasn't copyrighted until two years later. It was distributedby Encyclopedia Britannia Films for televised broadcasts across the US.CastRochelle Stanton asSnoopyEdmund Penney as SantaMargot von Lou as the Fairy Snow QueenJenny Neal as Rag DollLeePorter as Musical DollDon Oreck as Jack-in-the-BoxBob Porter as Toy SoldierAudrey Washburn as Baby"}
{"doc_id":"doc_155","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Salin MibayaSalin Mibaya (Burmese: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, pronounced [s\u0000l\u0000́\u0000m\u0000b\u0000já]; also known as Narapati Medaw, (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000)) was the chief queen of ViceroyThado Dhamma Yaza II of Prome (r. 1551–1588).The second daughter of King Bayin Htwe of Prome andhis chief queen Shwe Zin Gon was married three times. Her marriage to her first cousin Min Ba Saw—ason of her maternal uncle—was cut short when her brother King Narapati had him executed. Narapatithen married her off to Sithu Kyawhtin, then governor of Salin, a powerful figure in the Confederation ofShan States, in a marriage of state in the late 1530s. (Prome was then a de facto vassal state of theConfederation, which controlled all of Ava territories except Toungoo in Upper Burma.) Her stay at Salinlasted until January 1544 when the city was captured by Toungoo forces under Gen. Bayinnaung. Herhusband escaped to Ava (Inwa) but she was captured and sent to Pegu (Bago). In 1545, she was marriedto Nanda Yawda, a younger brother of Bayinnaung, at the coronation ceremony of Tabinshwehti at thePegu Palace.She returned to her native Prome as queen in 1551 when her husband was appointed viceroyof the region by King Bayinnaung. She had two daughters by Nanda Yawda, now styled as ThadoDhamma Yaza II. Their elder daughter Hsinbyushin Medaw became the chief queen of Nawrahta Minsaw,the viceroy (and later king) of Lan Na. The younger daughter Min Taya Medaw was a major queen ofNanda.AncestryThe following is her ancestry as reported in the Hmannan Yazawin chronicle, which in turnreferenced contemporary inscriptions. Her parents were double cousins.NotesPassage 2:Motherland(disambiguation)Motherland is the place of one's birth, the place of one's ancestors, or the place of originof an ethnic group.Motherland may also refer to:Music\"Motherland\" (anthem), the national anthem ofMauritiusNational Song (Montserrat), also called \"Motherland\"Motherland (Natalie Merchant album),2001Motherland (Arsonists Get All the Girls album), 2011Motherland (Daedalus album),2011\"Motherland\" (Crystal Kay song), 2004Film and televisionMotherland (1927 film), a 1927 Britishsilent war filmMotherland (2010 film), a 2010 documentary filmMotherland (2015 film), a 2015 TurkishdramaMotherland (2022 film), a 2022 documentary film about the Second Nagorno-KarabakhWarMotherland (TV series), a 2016 British television seriesMotherland: Fort Salem, a 2020 Americanscience fiction drama seriesOther usesMotherland Party (disambiguation), the name of several politicalgroupsPersonifications of Russia, including a list of monuments called MotherlandSee alsoAll pages withtitles containing MotherlandMother Country (disambiguation)Passage 3:Where Was I\"Where Was I?\" mayrefer to:Books\"Where Was I?\", essay by David Hawley Sanford from The Mind's IWhere Was I?, book byJohn Haycraft 2006Where was I?!, book by Terry Wogan 2009Film and TVWhere Was I? (film), 1925 filmdirected by William A. Seiter. With Reginald Denny, Marian Nixon, Pauline Garon, Lee Moran.Where WasI? (2001 film), biography about songwriter Tim RoseWhere Was I? (TV series) 1952–1953 Quiz show withthe panelists attempting to guess a location by looking at photos\"Where Was I?\" episode of Shoestring(TV series) 1980Music\"Where was I\", song by W. Franke Harling and Al Dubin performed by RubyNewman and His Orchestra  with vocal chorus by  Larry Taylor and Peggy McCall  1939\"Where Was I\",single from Charley Pride discography 1988\"Where Was I\" (song), a 1994 song by Ricky VanShelton\"Where Was I (Donde Estuve Yo)\", song by Joe Pass from Simplicity (Joe Pass album)\"Where WasI?\", song by Guttermouth from The Album Formerly Known as a Full Length LP (Guttermouthalbum)\"Where Was I\", song by Sawyer Brown (Billy Maddox, Paul Thorn, Anne Graham) from Can YouHear Me Now 2002\"Where Was I?\", song  by  Kenny Wayne Shepherd from Live On  1999\"Where Was I\",song by Melanie Laine (Victoria Banks, Steve Fox) from Time Flies (Melanie Laine album)\"Where Was I\",song by Rosie Thomas from With Love (Rosie Thomas album)Passage 4:SennedjemSennedjem was anAncient Egyptian artisan who was active during the reigns of Seti I and Ramesses II. He lived in Set Maat(translated as \"The Place of Truth\"), contemporary Deir el-Medina, on the west bank of the Nile, oppositeThebes. Sennedjem had the title \"Servant in the Place of Truth\". He was buried along with his wife,Iyneferti, and members of his family in a tomb in the village necropolis. His tomb was discovered January31, 1886. When Sennedjem's tomb was found, it contained furniture from his home, including a stool anda bed, which he used when he was alive.His titles included Servant in the Place of Truth, meaning that he"}
{"doc_id":"doc_156","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:1928 Washington and Lee Generals football teamThe 1928 Washington and Lee Generalsfootball team represented Washington and Lee University during the 1928 college footballseason.SchedulePassage 2:Christian ComptonAsbury Christian Compton (October 24, 1929 – April 9,2006) was an American attorney and judge who served as a justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia from1974 until 2000, and as a Senior justice until his death.Compton was a native of Ashland in HanoverCounty, Virginia, and graduated from Ashland High School in 1946. Compton earned his B.A. in historyand politics from Washington and Lee in 1950 and his LL.B. from the Washington and Lee UniversitySchool of Law in 1953.  While at Washington and Lee, Compton served as president of Phi Kappa Sigmafraternity, class officer and captain of the basketball team. He was also a member of Omicron DeltaKappa, the lacrosse team, Phi Alpha Delta legal fraternity, the University Glee Club and the CotillionClub.Compton served in the U.S. Navy from 1953 to 1956 and the U.S. Naval Reserve from 1953 to1961. He practiced law in Richmond with May, Garrett, Miller, Newman and Compton from 1957 to1966.In 1966, Gov. Mills Godwin appointed Compton to the Law & Equity Court of the City of Richmondand then to the Supreme Court of Virginia in 1974. The General Assembly re-elected him to another termin 1987. He retired from the Supreme Court in February 2000 and began service as a seniorjustice.Compton maintained strong ties to Washington and Lee throughout his career.  He served aspresident of the Alumni Association from 1972 to 1973.  He received an Honorary Doctorate of Laws fromhis alma mater in 1975. He served member of the Board of Trustees from 1978 to 1989.  He selectedmost of his law clerks from the top graduates of Washington and Lee School of Law.Compton was marriedto Betty Stephenson Compton for 52 years until his death.  They had three daughters—Leigh ComptonKiczales, Mary Compton Psyllos, Melissa Compton Patterson; and eight grandsons-Nicholas Kiczales, LukeKiczales, Noah Stephenson Kiczales, Thomas Psyllos, Christian Psyllos, Daniel Patterson, JamesPatterson, and Henry Patterson.Resolution of the Virginia General Assembly on the Death of A. ChristianComptonPassage 3:1917 Washington and Lee Generals football teamThe 1917 Washington and LeeGenerals football team represented the Washington and Lee Generals of Washington and Lee during the1917 college football season.SchedulePassage 4:Shenandoah (magazine)Shenandoah: The Washingtonand Lee Review is a literary magazine published Washington and Lee University.HistoryOriginally astudent-run quarterly, Shenandoah has evolved into a biannual literary journal. Since 2018, themagazine has been edited by current English professor Beth Staples. According to Shenandoah's missionstatement, the magazine aims to showcase diverse voices because \"reading through the perspective ofanother person, persona, or character is one of the ways we practice empathy, expand our understandingof the world, and experience new levels of awareness.\"Shenandoah was founded in 1949 by a group ofWashington and Lee University faculty members, including English professor Samuel Ashley Brown, whopublished the fiction and poetry of undergraduates including Tom Wolfe. In the 1950s Thomas H. Carterbecame one of the founding student editors.  During his tenure the Shenandoah corresponded with E. E.Cummings, William Carlos Williams, William Faulkner, Ezra Pound and many other Southern writers andthe Shenandoah grew in stature and national prominence. From the 1960s to the 1980s, W&L facultymember James Boatwright expanded the journal and published occasional theme issues, including a 35thanniversary anthology. In 1995, R. T. Smith was selected as the first full-time editor of the journal. In2018 after twenty-three years as editor, R. T. Smith retired, and Beth Staples took over as editor of themagazine.  Today, the magazine publishes biannually in the spring and fall. Shenandoah is funded andsupported by Washington and Lee University through the Office of the Dean of the College and is locatedin Mattingly House on W&L's campus. The magazine maintains a board of university advisors who offerguidance and advice, and the current editor maintains an intern program in which undergraduatestudents work for the journal and learn the craft of editing as an academic course in the EnglishDepartment. Recent contributors include Wendell Berry, Joyce Carol Oates, Jacob M. Appel, SpeerMorgan, Lee Smith, Claudia Emerson, May-lee Chai, and Rita Dove.  This list complements a long historyof literary luminaries who have been published in Shenandoah such as W. H. Auden, James Merrill, J. R."}
{"doc_id":"doc_157","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Heaven Knows, Mr. AllisonHeaven Knows, Mr. Allison is a 1957 American CinemaScope warfilm that tells the story of two people stranded on a Japanese-occupied island in the Pacific Ocean duringWorld War II.The film was adapted by John Huston and John Lee Mahin from the 1952 novel by CharlesShaw and was directed by Huston. It was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Actress in a LeadingRole (Deborah Kerr) and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium.The moviewas filmed on the islands of Trinidad and Tobago. Producer Eugene Frenke later filmed a low-budgetvariation on the story, The Nun and the Sergeant (1962), starring his wife Anna Sten.PlotIn the SouthPacific in 1944, U.S. Marine Corporal Allison and his reconnaissance party are disembarking from a U.S.Navy submarine when they are discovered and fired upon by the Japanese. The submarine's captain isforced to dive and leave the scouting team behind. Allison reaches a rubber raft and, after days adrift,reaches an island. He finds an abandoned settlement and a chapel with one occupant: Sister Angela, anovice Irish nun who has not yet taken her final vows. She has been on the island for only four days,having come with an elderly priest to evacuate another clergyman only to find that the Japanese hadarrived first. The frightened natives who had brought them to the island left the pair without warning, andthe priest died soon after.For a while, they have the island to themselves, but then a detachment ofJapanese troops arrives to set up a meteorological camp, forcing them to hide in a cave. When SisterAngela is unable to stomach the raw fish that Allison has caught, he sneaks into the Japanese camp forsupplies, narrowly avoiding detection. That night, they watch flashes from naval guns being fired in a seabattle over the horizon.The Japanese unexpectedly leave the island and Allison professes his love forSister Angela, proposing marriage. But she shows him her engagement ring and explains that it is asymbol of her forthcoming final holy vows. Later both in celebration and frustration, Allison gets drunk onsake. He blurts out that he considers her devotion to her vows to be pointless since they are stuck on theisland \"like Adam and Eve.\" She runs out into a tropical rain and falls ill as a result. Allison, now soberand contrite, finds her shivering. He carries her back, but the Japanese have returned, forcing them toretreat to the cave. Allison sneaks into the Japanese camp to get blankets. He kills a soldier whodiscovers him, alerting the enemy. To force him into the open, the Japanese set fire to thevegetation.When a Japanese soldier discovers the cave, Allison and Sister Angela have two choices:surrender or die from a hand grenade thrown inside. An ensuing explosion is not a grenade, but a bomb;the Americans have begun attacking the island in preparation for a landing. Allison comments that thelanding will not be easy because when they returned, the Japanese brought four artillery pieces andconcealed them well on the island.Responding to what he attributes to a message from God, Allisondisables the artillery during the barrage that will precede the American assault while the Japanese are stillin their bunkers. He is wounded but sabotages all the guns by removing their breechblocks, saving manyAmerican lives. After the landing, the Marine officers are puzzled by the missing breechblocks.SisterAngela and the wounded Allison then say their goodbyes as the Marines begin occupation. Allison hasreconciled himself to Sister Angela's dedication to Jesus, though she reassures him that they will alwaysbe close \"companions.\" After being found, Allison is transferred by the Marines to the ship, with SisterAngela walking beside him.CastProductionFilming took place in Trinidad and Tobago, allowing Huston andFox to use blocked funds in the UK, receive British film finance and qualify for the Eady Levy. The filmwas set later in the war than it was in the novel, which had Allison escaping from the Battle of Corregidor.In the film, the Allies are on the offensive and U.S. Marines capture the island.The screenplay comparesthe rituals and commitment of the Roman Catholic Church and the United States Marine Corps. TheNational Legion of Decency monitored the production of the film closely, sending a representative towatch the filming; knowing this, Kerr and Mitchum ad-libbed a scene (not included in the final print) inwhich their characters wildly kissed and grabbed at each other.: 306 The Marines provided troops for theinvasion climax. Six Japanese persons living in Brazil played some of the leading Japanese characters,while Chinese people from some of the laundries and restaurants of Trinidad and Tobago played the restof the Japanese soldiers.Screen Archives Entertainment released Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison on Blu-ray on"}
{"doc_id":"doc_158","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Hanro SmitsmanHanro Smitsman, born in 1967 in Breda (Netherlands), is a writer and directorof film and television.Film and Television CreditsFilmsBrothers (2017)Schemer (2010)Skin (2008)Raak(aka Contact) (2006)Allerzielen (aka All Souls) (2005) (segment \"Groeten uit Holland\")Engel en Broer(2004)2000 Terrorists (2004)Dajo (2003)Gloria (2000)Depoep (2001)Television20 leugens, 4 ouders eneen scharrelei (2013)De ontmaskering van de vastgoedfraude (TV mini-series, 2013)Moordvrouw(2012-)Eileen (2 episodes, 2011)Getuige (2011)Vakantie in eigen land (2011)De Reis van meneer vanLeeuwen(2010)De Punt (2009)Roes (2 episodes, 2008)Fok jou! (2006)Van Speijk (2006)AwardsIn 2005,Engel en Broer won Cinema Prize for Short Film at the Avanca Film Festival.In 2007, Raak (aka Contact)won the Golden Berlin Bear Award at the Berlin International Film Festival, the Spirit Award at theBrooklyn Film Festival, the first place jury prize for \"Best Live Action under 15 minutes\" at the PalmSprings International Short Film Festival, and the Prix UIP Ghent Award for European Short Films at theFlanders International Film Festival.In 2008, Skin won the Movie Squad Award at the Nederlands FilmFestival, an actor in the film also won the Best Actor Award.  It also won the Reflet d’Or for Best Film atthe Cinema tous ecrans Festival in Geneva in the same year.Passage 2:Rasul Sadr AmeliRasoul Sadrameli(Persian: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000; born 1954 in Isfahan) is an Iranian film director, screenwriter,journalist and film producer. The Managing Director of MILAD FILM (established in 1979, the firstcompany in the distribution and production of Iranian films after revolution) began his journalism careerwhen he was just 17. He collaborated with Etela'at Newspaper as a reporter, story writer and editor ofIncident page and then as the Editor of Parliamentary Service. He studied sociology at Paul ValéryUniversity of Montpellier in France. He began his professional activities in the Cinema by producing a filmentitled Blood Raining in 1981. This film is the first cinematic project after the revolution.Filmography (asa director)The Liberation — 1982Deliverance — 1983Chrysanthemum — 1985During Autumn — 1987TheVictim — 1991Symphony of Tehran — 1993The Girl in Sneakers — 1999I'm Taraneh, 15 — 2002Aida, ISaw Your Father Last Night — 2005Every Night Loneliness - 2008Life With Closed Eyes — 2010WaitingFor A Miracle — 2011My Second Year in College — 2019Passage 3:Long PantsLong Pants (also known asJohnny Newcomer) is a 1927 American silent comedy film directed by Frank Capra and starring HarryLangdon.  Additional cast members include Gladys Brockwell, Alan Roscoe, and Priscilla Bonner.PlotThesilent tells the story of Harry Shelby (Langdon) who has been kept in knee-pants for years by his mother.One day, however, Harry finally gets his first pair of long pants.Immediately, his family expects him tomarry his childhood sweetheart Priscilla (Priscilla Bonner).  Yet, Harry soon falls for Bebe Blair (AlmaBennett), a femme fatale from the big city who has a boyfriend in the mob.Harry thinks that Bebe isinterested in him as well, so he risks everything when Bebe ends up in jail. This leads to a lot of troublefor Harry. Throughout the whole ordeal Priscilla waits for Harry to face reality.CastCritical receptionWhenit was released, film critic Mordaunt Hall gave the film a positive review.  He wrote, \"Some hilariouspassages enliven Harry Langdon's latest film oddity, Long' Pants...Although these incidents are acted withconsummate skill, except for an occasional repetition, it is quite obvious to any male who has made thedecisive change from short to long trousers that the idea offers possibilities far greater and more genuinethan those that greet the eye. The answer is that Mr. Langdon has once again capitulated to hisomnipotent band of gag-men. It may be all very well for Harold Lloyd to rely on mechanical twists, butLangdon possesses a cherubic countenance, which offers him a chance in other directions...Mr. Langdonis still Charles Spencer Chaplin's sincerest flatterer. His short coat reminds one of Chaplin, and now andagain his footwork is like that of the great screen comedian.\"Film historian David Kalat reports thatBuster Keaton, a long-time fan of Langdon's known for his own morbid jokes about death and killings,criticized a scene in which Langdon's character tries to kill Priscilla as \"going too far\" in making light ofmurder.More recently, critic Maria Schneider reviewed Langdon's work and wrote, \"Long Pants (1927),also directed by Capra, was a peculiar change of pace for Langdon, and possibly an attempt to poke funat his baby-faced image by casting him as a would-be lady-killer; sporting little of the ingenuity of TheStrong Man, it was a box-office failure that set off the comedian's quick decline into obscurity. An"}
{"doc_id":"doc_159","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Ögedei KhanÖgedei Khagan (also Ogodei; c. 1186 – 11 December 1241) was second khagan-emperor of the Mongol Empire. The third son of Genghis Khan, he continued the expansion of the empire that his father had begun.Born in c. 1186 AD, Ögedei fought in numerous battles during his father's rise to power. After being granted a large appanage and taking a number of wives, including Töregene, he played a prominent role in the Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire. When his older brothers Jochi and Chagatai quarrelled over strategies when besieging Gurganj, Genghis appointed Ögedei sole commander; his successful capture of the city in 1221 ensured his military reputation. He was confirmed as heir after further infighting between his elder brothers led to both being excluded from succession plans. Genghis died in 1227, and Ögedei was elected as khagan in 1229, after a two-year regency led by his younger brother Tolui.As khan, Ögedei pursued the expansionist policies of his father. He launched a second invasion of Persia led by Chormaqan Noyan in 1230, which subdued the Khwarazmian prince Jalal al-Din and began to subjugate Georgia. He initiated the Mongol invasions of Korea, and his armies skirmished with the Song dynasty and in India. By the time of his death in 1241, large armies under the command of his nephew Batu Khan and Subutai had subdued the steppes and penetrated deep into Europe. These armies defeated Poland at Legnica and Hungary at Mohi before retreating. It is likely that this retreat was caused by the need to find a successor after Ögedei's death, although some scholars have speculated that the Mongols were simply unable to invade further because of logistical difficulties.As an administrator, Ögedei continued to develop the fast-growing Mongol state. Working with officials such as Yelü Chucai, he developed ortogh trading systems, instituted methods of tax collection, and established regional bureaucracies which controlled legal and economic affairs. He also founded the Mongol capital city, Karakorum, in the 1230s. Although historically disregarded in comparison to his father, especially on account of his alcoholism, he was known to be charismatic, good-natured, and intelligent.BackgroundÖgedei was the third son of Genghis Khan and Börte Ujin. He participated in the turbulent events of his father's rise. When Ögedei was 17 years old, Genghis Khan experienced the disastrous defeat of Khalakhaljid Sands against the army of Jamukha. Ögedei was heavily wounded and lost on the battlefield. His father's adopted brother and companion Borokhula rescued him. Although he was already married, in 1204 his father gave him Töregene, the wife of a defeated Merkit chief. The addition of such a wife was not uncommon in steppe culture.After Genghis was proclaimed Emperor or Khagan in 1206, myangans (thousands) of the Jalayir, Besud, Suldus, and Khongqatan clans were given to him as his appanage. Ögedei's territory occupied the Emil and Hobok rivers. According to his father's wish, Ilugei, the commander of the Jalayir, became Ögedei's tutor.Ögedei, along with his brothers, campaigned independently for the first time in November 1211 against the Jin dynasty. He was sent to ravage the land south through Hebei and then north through Shanxi in 1213. Ögedei's force drove the Jin garrison out of the Ordos, and he rode to the juncture of the Xi Xia, Jin, and Song domains.During the Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia, Ögedei and Chagatai massacred the residents of Otrar after a five-month siege in 1219–20 and joined Jochi who was outside the walls of Urganch. Because Jochi and Chagatai were quarreling over the military strategy, Ögedei was appointed by Genghis Khan to oversee the siege of Urganch. They captured the city in 1221. When the rebellion broke out in southeast Persia and Afghanistan, Ögedei also pacified Ghazni.Position as heirThe Empress Yisui insisted that Genghis Khan designate an heir before the invasion of the Khwarezmid Empire in 1219. After the terrible brawl between two elder sons Jochi and Chagatai, they agreed that Ögedei was to be chosen as heir. Genghis confirmed their decision.Genghis Khan died in 1227, and Jochi had died a year or two earlier. Ögedei's younger brother Tolui held the regency until 1229. Ögedei was elected supreme khan in 1229, according to the kurultai held at Kodoe Aral on the Kherlen River after Genghis' death, although this was never really in doubt as it was Genghis' clear wish that he be succeeded by Ögedei. After ritually declining three times, Ögedei was proclaimed Khagan of the Mongols on 13 September 1229. Chagatai continued to support his younger brother's claim.World conquestsExpansion in the Middle EastAfter destroying the Khwarazmian empire, Genghis Khan was free to move against Western Xia. In 1226, however, Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, the last of the Khwarizm monarchs, "}
{"doc_id":"doc_160","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Dana BlanksteinDana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of theSam Spiegel Film and Television School. She was appointed by the board of directors  in November2019.  Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television. She is a film director,and an Israeli culture entrepreneur.BiographyDana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatredirector Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein. She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in TelAviv.Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with highhonors. During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina'sTragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners.  She also directed and shot 'the making of' film onGavison's film Lost and Found. Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival,2007.Film and academic careerAfter her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and televisiondepartment at the Kfar Saba municipality. The department encouraged and promoted productions filmedin the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educational communityactivities.Blankstein directed the mini-series \"Tel Aviviot\" (2012). From 2016-2019 was the director ofthe Israeli Academy of Film and Television.In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed thenew director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees the Sam SpiegelInternational Film Lab. In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and the filmpreparatory program for Arabic speakers in east Jerusalem.FilmographyTel Aviviot (mini-series; director,2012)Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)Camping (debut film,Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)Passage 2:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director offilm, television and theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directingepisodic television and television films. Some of his television series credits include Love Is a ManySplendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney &Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: TheRideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), QueenSized (2008) and among other films. He directed \"Heart in Hiding\", written by his wife Audrey DavisLevin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming adirector, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions. He costarred with Susan Strasberg in\"[The Diary of Ann Frank]\" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army. Hetrained at the Carnegie Mellon University. Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productionsat the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company. He also co-founded theoff-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was alsoan associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company.Passage 3:Michael GovanMichael Govan (born 1963)is the director of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Prior to his current position, Govan worked asthe director of the Dia Art Foundation in New York City.Early life and educationGovan was born in 1963 inNorth Adams, Massachusetts, and was raised in the Washington D.C. area, attending Sidwell FriendsSchool.He majored in art history and fine arts at Williams College, where he met Thomas Krens, who wasthen director of the Williams College Museum of Art. Govan became closely involved with the museum,serving as acting curator as an undergraduate. After receiving his B.A. from Williams in 1985, Govanbegan an MFA in fine arts from the University of California, San Diego.CareerAs a twenty-five year oldgraduate student, Govan was recruited by his former mentor at Williams, Thomas Krens, who in 1988had been appointed director of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation. Govan served as deputy directorof the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum under Krens from 1988 to 1994, a period that culminated in theconstruction and opening of the Frank Gehry designed Guggenheim branch in Bilbao, Spain. Govansupervised the reinstallation of the museum's permanent collection galleries after its extensiverenovation.Dia Art FoundationFrom 1994 to 2006, Govan was president and director of Dia ArtFoundation in New York City. There, he spearheaded the conversion of a Nabisco box factory into the300,000 square foot Dia:Beacon in New York's Hudson Valley, which houses Dia's collection of art fromthe 1960s to the present. Built in a former Nabisco box factory, the critically acclaimed museum has been"}
{"doc_id":"doc_161","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Arthur BeauchampArthur Beauchamp (1827 – 28 April 1910) was a Member of Parliament from New Zealand. He is remembered as the father of Harold Beauchamp, who rose to fame as chairman of the Bank of New Zealand and was the father of writer Katherine Mansfield.BiographyBeauchamp came to Nelson from Australia on the Lalla Rookh, arriving on 23 February 1861.He lived much of his life in a number of locations around the top of the South Island, also Whanganui when Harold was 11 for seven years and then to the capital (Wellington). Then south to Christchurch and finally Picton and the Sounds. He had business failures and was bankrupted twice, in 1879 and 1884. He married Mary Stanley on the Victorian goldfields in 1854; Arthur and Mary lived in 18 locations over half a century, and are buried in Picton. Six of their ten children born between 1855 and 1893 died, including the first two sons born before Harold.Beauchamp represented the Picton electorate from 1866 to 1867, when he resigned.  He had the energy and sociability required for politics, but not the private income then required to be a parliamentarian. He supported the working man and the subdivision of big estates, opposed the confiscation of Māori land and was later recognised as a founding Liberal, the party that Harold supported and was a \"fixer\" for. Yska calls their life an extended chronicle of rootlessness, business failure and almost ceaseless family tragedy and Harold called his father a rolling stone by instinct. Arthur also served on the council of Marlborough Province and is best-remembered for a 10-hour speech to that body when an attempt was made to relocate the capital from Picton to Blenheim.In 1866 he attempted to sue the Speaker of the House, David Monro. At the time the extent of privilege held by Members of Parliament was unclear; a select committee ruled that the case could proceed, but with a stay until after the parliamentary session.See alsoYska, Redmer (2017). A Strange Beautiful Excitement: Katherine Mansfield's Wellington 1888-1903. Dunedin: Otago University Press. pp. 91–99. ISBN 978-0-947522-54-4.Passage 2:David Hyrum SmithDavid Hyrum Smith (November 17, 1844 – August 29, 1904) was an American religious leader, poet, painter, singer, philosopher, and naturalist. The youngest son of Joseph Smith and Emma Hale Smith, he was an influential missionary and leader in the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS Church). He was born approximately five months after the murder of his father. Joseph told Emma before he died what the child's name should be. From December 1847, David was raised by his mother and her second husband, Lewis C. Bidamon.Smith was a highly effective missionary for the RLDS Church. From 1865 to 1873, he conducted missionary trips throughout the Midwest, Utah Territory, and California, debating preachers of different theologies, including representatives of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). From 1873 to 1885, Smith was a counselor to his brother Joseph Smith III in the First Presidency of the RLDS Church. Later David's son Elbert A. Smith became a member of the First Presidency and a Presiding Patriarch in the RLDS Church.Smith was called the \"Sweet Singer of Israel\" because many who knew him, who heard him sing and joined him in song, said that he was the most inspiring singer of God they had encountered. The Joseph Smith Historic Site, maintained by the Community of Christ, houses Smith's original paintings of Nauvoo, Illinois.In a 1998 biography of Smith, From Mission to Madness: Last Son of the Mormon Prophet, author Valeen Tippetts Avery describes Smith's mental deterioration, starting with a probable breakdown early in 1870. In an 1869 letter to his mother, Emma Smith Bidamon, Smith had written at age 24:  Mother I must tell you ... I feel very sad and the tears run out of my eyes all the time and I don't know why. ... strive as I will my heart sinks like lead. ... I must tell someone my troubles.Smith was confined to Northern Illinois Hospital and Asylum for the Insane beginning in 1877. He was held there for most of 27 years, dying in the hospital in 1904. Avery's biography draws on a large body of Smith's correspondence and poetry to examine both his personality and his emotional state.NotesPassage 3:John Crockett (frontiersman)John Crockett (circa 1753 – after 1802) was an American frontiersman and soldier, and the father of David \"Davy\" Crockett.Early lifeCrockett was born about 1753 in either Maryland or Frederick County, Virginia. \"Davy\" Crockett said in his autobiography that John Crockett was born either in Ireland or during the journey from Ireland to America; but later scholars disagreed, saying this had been John's father, also named David. His ancestors were of Scotch-Irish and possible Huguenot backgrounds. The Crockett/Crocketague name is a Registered "}
{"doc_id":"doc_162","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Mark RockefellerMark Fitler Rockefeller (born January 26, 1967) is a fourth-generationmember of the Rockefeller family. He is the younger son of former U.S. Vice President Nelson A.Rockefeller (1908–1979) and Happy Rockefeller (1926–2015). Through his father, Rockefeller is agrandson of American financer John D. Rockefeller Jr. and a great-grandson of Standard Oil co-founderJohn D. Rockefeller. He was chairman of the board of directors of the National Fish and WildlifeFoundation in 2010.Early lifeRockefeller grew up at Kykuit, the central mansion at his family's estate inPocantico, Westchester County, in New York State. He is an alumnus of the Buckley School, DeerfieldAcademy (1985), Princeton University (BA 1989), and Harvard University (MBA 1996). He playedfootball, basketball, and baseball at Deerfield, and played football at Princeton as awalk-on.CareerRockefeller and his former wife own South Fork Lodge and South Fork Outfitters, both inSwan Valley, Idaho. Previously, he was an associate in the Acquisition Finance Group at Chase Securities,Inc.In 1999 he was elected chairman of the non-profit organization, Historic Hudson Valley, founded byhis grandfather, John D. Rockefeller Jr. in 1951. Mark Rockefeller's older brother, Nelson Rockefeller Jr.,has also served on its board.In a 2013 article about federal farm subsidy programs, the New York Postreported that 1,500 affluent New Yorkers had received payments. Among them was Rockefeller, whoreceived $342,634 in farm subsidies over the course of ten years from 2001 to 2011 for allowingfarmland to return to its natural condition.Personal lifeIn 1998, Rockefeller married Renee Anne Anisko(born 1968) at the Church of the Magdalene in Pocantico Hills. She has a Juris Doctor degree cum laudefrom the Temple University Beasley School of Law. They have four children. They divorced in2020.Passage 2:Where Was I\"Where Was I?\" may refer to:Books\"Where Was I?\", essay by David HawleySanford from The Mind's IWhere Was I?, book by John Haycraft 2006Where was I?!, book by TerryWogan 2009Film and TVWhere Was I? (film), 1925 film directed by William A. Seiter. With ReginaldDenny, Marian Nixon, Pauline Garon, Lee Moran.Where Was I? (2001 film), biography about songwriterTim RoseWhere Was I? (TV series) 1952–1953 Quiz show with the panelists attempting to guess alocation by looking at photos\"Where Was I?\" episode of Shoestring (TV series) 1980Music\"Where was I\",song by W. Franke Harling and Al Dubin performed by Ruby Newman and His Orchestra  with vocalchorus by  Larry Taylor and Peggy McCall  1939\"Where Was I\", single from Charley Pride discography1988\"Where Was I\" (song), a 1994 song by Ricky Van Shelton\"Where Was I (Donde Estuve Yo)\", song byJoe Pass from Simplicity (Joe Pass album)\"Where Was I?\", song by Guttermouth from The AlbumFormerly Known as a Full Length LP (Guttermouth album)\"Where Was I\", song by Sawyer Brown (BillyMaddox, Paul Thorn, Anne Graham) from Can You Hear Me Now 2002\"Where Was I?\", song  by  KennyWayne Shepherd from Live On  1999\"Where Was I\", song by Melanie Laine (Victoria Banks, Steve Fox)from Time Flies (Melanie Laine album)\"Where Was I\", song by Rosie Thomas from With Love (RosieThomas album)Passage 3:Dance of Death (disambiguation)Dance of Death, also called Danse Macabre, isa late-medieval allegory of the universality of death.Dance of Death or The Dance of Death may also referto:BooksDance of Death, a 1938 novel by Helen McCloyDance of Death (Stine novel), a 1997 novel by R.L. StineDance of Death (novel), a 2005 novel by Douglas Preston and Lincoln ChildTheatre and filmTheDance of Death (Strindberg play), a 1900 play by August StrindbergThe Dance of Death, a 1908 play byFrank WedekindThe Dance of Death (Auden play), a 1933 play by W. H. AudenFilmThe Death Dance, a1918 drama starring Alice BradyThe Dance of Death (1912 film), a German silent filmThe Dance of Death(1919 film), an Austrian silent filmThe Dance of Death (1938 film), crime drama starring Vesta Victoria;screenplay by Ralph DawsonThe Dance of Death (1948 film), French-Italian drama based on Strindberg'splay, starring Erich von StroheimThe Dance of Death (1967 film), a West German drama filmDance ofDeath or House of Evil, 1968 Mexican horror film starring Boris KarloffDance of Death (1969 film), a filmbased on Strindberg's play, starring Laurence OlivierDance of Death (1979 film), a Hong Kong filmfeaturing Paul ChunMusicDance of Death (album), a 2003 album by Iron Maiden, or the title songTheDance of Death & Other Plantation Favorites, a 1964 album by John FaheyThe Dance of Death(Scaramanga Six album)\"Death Dance\", a 2016 song by SevendustSee alsoDance of the Dead"}
{"doc_id":"doc_163","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Howard W. KochHoward Winchel Koch (April 11, 1916 – February 16, 2001) was an Americanproducer and director of film and television.Life and careerKoch was born in New York City, the son ofBeatrice (Winchel) and William Jacob Koch. His family was Jewish. He attended DeWitt Clinton HighSchool and the Peddie School in Hightstown, New Jersey. He began his film career as an employee atUniversal Studios office in New York then made his Hollywood filmmaking debut in 1947 as an assistantdirector. He worked as a producer for the first time in 1953 and a year later made his directing debut. In1964, Paramount Pictures appointed him head of film production, a position he held until 1966 when heleft to set up his own production company. He had a production pact with Paramount for over 15years.Among his numerous television productions, Howard W. Koch produced the Academy Awards showon eight occasions. Dedicated to the industry, he served as President of the Academy of Motion PictureArts and Sciences from 1977 to 1979. In 1990 the Academy honored him with The Jean HersholtHumanitarian Award and in 1991 he received the Frank Capra Achievement Award from the DirectorsGuild of America.Together with actor Telly Savalas, Howard Koch owned the thoroughbred racehorseTelly's Pop, winner of several important California races for juveniles including the Norfolk Stakes and DelMar Futurity.Howard W. Koch suffered from Alzheimer's disease and died in at his home in Beverly Hills,California on February 16, 2001. He had two children from a marriage of 64 years to Ruth Pincus, whodied in March 2009. In 2004, his son Hawk Koch was elected to the Board of Governors of the Academyof Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.FilmographyDirectorFilm (director)Shield for Murder (1954)Big House,U.S.A. (1955)Untamed Youth (1957)Bop Girl Goes Calypso (1957)Jungle Heat (1957)The Girl in BlackStockings (1957)Fort Bowie (1957)Violent Road (1958)Frankenstein 1970 (1958)Born Reckless(1958)Andy Hardy Comes Home (1958)The Last Mile (1959)Badge 373 (1973)Television(director)Maverick (1957) (1 episode)Hawaiian Eye (1959) (2 episodes)Cheyenne (1958) (1 episode)TheUntouchables (1959) (4 episodes)The Gun of Zangara (1960) (TV movie taken from The Untouchables(1959 TV series))Miami Undercover (1961) (38 episodes)Texaco Presents Bob Hope in a Very SpecialSpecial: On the Road with Bing (1977)ProducerFilm (producer):War Paint (1953)Beachhead (1954)Shieldfor Murder (1954)Big House, U.S.A. (1955)Rebel in Town (1956)Frankenstein 1970 (1958)Sergeants 3(1962)The Manchurian Candidate (1962)Come Blow Your Horn (1963)Robin and the 7 Hoods (1964)TheOdd Couple (1968)On a Clear Day You Can See Forever (1970)A New Leaf (1971)Plaza Suite (1971)Lastof the Red Hot Lovers (1972)Jacqueline Susann's Once Is Not Enough (1975)The Other Side of Midnight(1977)Airplane! (1980)Some Kind of Hero (1982)Airplane II: The Sequel (1982)Ghost (1990)Television(producer)Magnavox Presents Frank Sinatra (1973)Passage 2:Robert MulliganRobert Patrick Mulligan(August 23, 1925 – December 20, 2008) was an American director and producer. He is best known for hissensitive dramas, including To Kill a Mockingbird (1962), Summer of '42 (1971), The Other (1972), SameTime, Next Year (1978), and The Man in the Moon (1991). He was also known in the 1960s for hisextensive collaborations with producer Alan J. Pakula.Early lifeMulligan served in either the U.S. Navy orthe U.S. Marine Corps during World War II as a radio operator. At war's end, he graduated from FordhamUniversity, then obtained work in the editorial department of The New York Times, but left to pursue acareer in television.CareerTelevisionMulligan began his television career as a messenger boy for CBStelevision. He worked diligently, and by 1948 was directing major dramatic television shows.In the early1950s he directed many episodes of Suspense. He followed this directing for The Philco TelevisionPlayhouse, Armstrong Circle Theatre, The Alcoa Hour, The United States Steel Hour, Studio One inHollywood, Goodyear Playhouse and The Seven Lively Arts.1950s–1960sIn 1957 Mulligan directed hisfirst motion picture, Fear Strikes Out, starring Anthony Perkins as tormented baseball player JimmyPiersall. The film was the first feature he would direct alongside longtime collaborator Alan J. Pakula, thena big-time Hollywood producer. Pakula once confessed that \"working with Bob set me back in directingseveral years because I enjoyed working with him, and we were having a good time, and I enjoyed thework.\"Mulligan returned to television to direct episodes of Playhouse 90, Rendezvous, The Dupont Showof the Month, and TV versions of Ah, Wilderness! and The Moon and Sixpence. In 1959 he won an Emmy"}
{"doc_id":"doc_164","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Princess Irene of Hesse and by RhinePrincess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (Irene Luise MarieAnne; 11 July 1866 – 11 November 1953), later Princess Henry of Prussia, was the third child and thirddaughter of Princess Alice of the United Kingdom and Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine. Hermaternal grandparents were Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Her paternalgrandparents were Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine and Princess Elisabeth of Prussia. She was thewife of Prince Henry of Prussia, a younger brother of Wilhelm II, German Emperor and her first cousin.The SS Prinzessin Irene, a liner of the North German Lloyd was named after her.Her siblings includedPrincess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine, wife of Prince Louis of Battenberg, Grand Duchess ElizabethFeodorovna of Russia, wife of Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia, Ernest Louis, Grand Duke ofHesse and by Rhine, and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia, wife of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. Likeher younger sister, the empress, Irene was a carrier of the hemophilia gene, and Irene would lose hersisters Alix and Elisabeth in Russia to the Bolsheviks.Early lifeShe received her first name, which wastaken from the Greek word for \"peace\", because she was born at the end of the Austro-Prussian War.Alice considered Irene an unattractive child and once wrote to her sister Victoria that Irene was \"notpretty\". She would never be considered a great beauty like her sisters Elisabeth and Alix, but she didhave a pleasant, even disposition. Princess Alice brought up her daughters simply. An English nannypresided over the nursery and the children ate plain meals of rice puddings and baked apples and woreplain dresses. Her daughters were taught how to do housework, such as baking cakes, making their ownbeds, laying fires and sweeping and dusting their rooms. Princess Alice also emphasised the need to giveto the poor and often took her daughters on visits to hospitals and charities.The family was devastated in1873 when Irene's haemophiliac younger brother Friedrich, nicknamed \"Frittie\", fell through an openwindow, struck his head on the balustrade and died hours later of a brain hemorrhage. In the monthsfollowing the toddler's death, Alice frequently took her children to his grave to pray and was melancholyon anniversaries associated with him. In the autumn of 1878 Irene, her siblings (except for Elisabeth)and her father became ill with diphtheria. Her younger sister Princess Marie, nicknamed \"May\", died ofthe disease. Her mother, exhausted from nursing the children, also became infected. Knowing she was indanger of dying, Princess Alice dictated her will, including instructions about how to bring up herdaughters and how to run the household. She died of diphtheria on 14 December 1878.Following Alice'sdeath, Queen Victoria resolved to act as a mother to her Hessian grandchildren. Princess Irene and hersurviving siblings spent annual holidays in England and their grandmother sent instructions to theirgoverness regarding their education and approving the pattern of their dresses. With her sister Alix, Irenewas a bridesmaid at the 1885 wedding of their maternal aunt, Princess Beatrice, to Prince Henry ofBattenberg.MarriageIrene married Prince Henry of Prussia, the third child and second son of Frederick III,German Emperor and Victoria, Princess Royal on 24 May  1888 at the chapel of the Charlottenburg Palacein Berlin. As their mothers were sisters, Irene and Henry were first cousins. Their marriage displeasedQueen Victoria because she had not been told about the courtship until they had already decided tomarry. At the time of the ceremony, Irene's uncle and father-in-law, the German emperor, was dying ofthroat cancer, and less than a month after the ceremony, Irene's cousin and brother-in-law ascended thethrone as Kaiser Wilhelm II. Heinrich's mother, Empress Victoria, was fond of Irene. However, EmpressVictoria was shocked because Irene did not wear a shawl or scarf to disguise her pregnancy when shewas pregnant with her first son, the haemophiliac Prince Waldemar, in 1889. Empress Victoria, who wasfascinated by politics and current events, also couldn't understand why Heinrich and Irene never read anewspaper. However, the couple were happily married and they were known as \"The Very Amiables\" bytheir relatives because of their pleasant natures. The marriage produced three sons.ChildrenFamilyrelationshipsIrene transmitted the haemophilia gene to her eldest and youngest sons, Waldemar andHeinrich. Waldemar's health worried her from early childhood. She was later devastated when theyoungest child, four-year-old Heinrich, died after he fell and bumped his head in February 1904. Sixmonths after little Heinrich's death, Irene became an aunt to Tsarevich Alexei of Russia, son of her"}
{"doc_id":"doc_165","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Jesse E. HobsonJesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director ofSRI International from 1947 to 1955. Prior to SRI, he was the director of the Armour ResearchFoundation.Early life and educationHobson was born in Marshall, Indiana. He received bachelor's andmaster's degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electrical engineering fromthe California Institute of Technology. Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstandingengineer.Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had fivechildren.CareerAwards and membershipsHobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948.Passage 2:The Heartof Maryland (1921 film)The Heart of Maryland is a lost 1921 American silent film feature produced anddistributed by the Vitagraph Company of America. It is based on David Belasco's 1895 play, The Heart ofMaryland.When Warner Brothers acquired the Vitagraph Studios in 1925, they obtained the screen rightsto this property and remade the story in 1927 as The Heart of Maryland with DoloresCostello.CastCatherine Calvert as Maryland CalvertCrane Wilbur as Alan KendrickFelix Krembs as Col.Fulton ThorpeBen Lyon as Bob TelfairWilliam Collier, Jr. as Lloyd CalvertWarner Richmond as TomBooneBernard Siegel as Provost-Sergeant BlountHenry Hallam as General KendrickVictoria White asNanny McNairMarguerite Sanchez as Mrs. ClaiborneJane Jennings as Mrs. ClaiborneSee alsoThe Heart ofMaryland (1915)Passage 3:Olav AaraasOlav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian andmuseum director.He was born in Fredrikstad. From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn FolkMuseum, from 1993 to 2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director ofthe Norwegian Museum of Cultural History. In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order ofSt. Olav.Passage 4:The Heart of Maryland (1915 film)The Heart of Maryland is a lost 1915 silent filmdrama directed by Herbert Brenon based on David Belasco's play The Heart of Maryland. Mrs. LeslieCarter, who starred in the original play on Broadway in 1895, makes her appearance in this film as thetitle character.CastMrs. Leslie Carter – Maryland CalvertWilliam E. Shay – Alan KendrickJ. FarrellMacDonald – Colonel ThorpeMatt B. Snyder – General Hugh KendrickRaymond Russell – FloydCalvertMarcia Moore – Floyd Calver't SweetheartVivian Reed – Dolly GreyDoris Baker – True BlueHerbertBrenon – Lloyd CalvertBert Hadley – Private BooneJoseph Hazelton – The Sexton (*as Joe Hazelton)SeealsoThe Heart of Maryland (1921)The Heart of Maryland (1927)Passage 5:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry isan Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editoronly)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989)(mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettieand Me (2002) (TV movie)Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008)(documentary)The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)Passage 6:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an Americandirector of film, television and theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of creditsdirecting episodic television and television films. Some of his television series credits include Love Is aMany Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame,Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Some of his television film credits include Rape andMarriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us(1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films. He directed \"Heart in Hiding\", written by his wifeAudrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior tobecoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions. He costarred with SusanStrasberg in \"[The Diary of Ann Frank]\" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into theArmy. He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University. Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directedproductions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company. He also co-founded theoff-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was alsoan associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company.Passage 7:The Heart of the WorldThe Heart of theWorld is a short film written and directed by Guy Maddin, produced for the 2000 Toronto InternationalFilm Festival. Maddin was one of a number of directors (including Atom Egoyan and David Cronenberg)commissioned to make four-minute short films that would screen prior to the various feature films at the"}
{"doc_id":"doc_166","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Mordechai RotenbergMordechai Rotenberg (born 1932) (Hebrew: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000) isan Israeli professor of social work at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.BiographyMordechai Rotenbergwas born in Breslau, Germany (today Wrocław, Poland). His father was from Warsaw, descended fromRabbi Yitzchak Meir Alter, the founder of the Gur Hasidic sect.  His father owned a publishing house inBreslau. In 1939, on the eve of World War II, the family immigrated to Palestine. Rotenberg's fatheropened a small printing press in Jerusalem. Rotenberg grew up in a Haredi household, with threebrothers and a sister.In 1960, he graduated from the Hebrew University with a BA in education andsociology from the School of Social Work.  In 1962, he received his MSW from New York University. In1969, he was awarded a Ph.D. in social welfare and social psychology at University of California,Berkeley.In 1970, Rotenberg joined the faculty of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, becoming a fullprofessor in 1980. He founded a new sub-discipline in psychology and religion.  He is the author of tenbooks, which have been translated into English, French, Portuguese and Japanese. Rotenberg has taughtat University of Pennsylvania, University of California, Berkeley, the Jewish Theological Seminary, CityUniversity of New York and Yeshiva University.Clinical approachRotenberg has developed innovativetheories based on psychological interpretations of Hasidic and Midrashic concepts. He describes hisapproach as \"re-biography\", i.e.,  \"rereading one's biography so it becomes possible to live with the text.\"In an interview with Haaretz newspaper he said: \"All of life is a text, and I am proposing a new term -recomposition, rewriting the melody of life. You do not have to erase the past, but it can be re-composed,and to that end I cite examples from the Gemara.\"Tzimtzum paradigmRotenberg has adopted theKabbalistic-Hasidic tzimtzum paradigm, which he believes has significant implications for clinical therapy.According to this paradigm, God's \"self-contraction\" to vacate space for the world serves as a model forhuman behavior and interaction. The tzimtzum model promotes a unique community-centric approachwhich contrasts starkly with the language of Western psychology.AwardsIn 2009, Rotenberg wasawarded the Israel Prize for social work, in connection with his research in social welfare.PublishedworksDamnation and Deviance: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of FailureRewriting the Self:Psychotherapy and MidrashThe Yetzer: A Kabbalistic Psychology of Eroticism and Human SexualityHasidicPsychology: Making Space for OthersCreativity and Sexuality: A Kabbalistic ExperienceBetweenRationality and Irrationality: The Jewish Psychotherapeutic SystemDialogue With DevianceThe Trance ofTerror, Psycho-Religious FundaMentalism: Roots and RemediesDia-logo Therapy: Psychonarration andPaRDeSRe-Biographing and Deviance: Psychotherapeutic Narrativism and the MidrashSee alsoList ofIsrael Prize recipientsPassage 2:Dave Grossman (game developer)Dave Grossman is an American gameprogrammer and game designer, most known for his work at Telltale Games and early work at LucasArts.He has also written several children's books, and a book of \"guy poetry\" called Ode to the Stuff in theSink.Game industry careerGrossman joined Lucasfilm Games, later known as LucasArts in 1989. AtLucasArts, Grossman wrote and programmed The Secret of Monkey Island and Monkey Island 2:LeChuck's Revenge together with Ron Gilbert and Tim Schafer. He later co-designed Day of theTentacle.Grossman quit LucasArts in 1994 to begin a freelance career. For Humongous Entertainment, acompany co-founded by Ron Gilbert, he helped create many critically acclaimed games aimed at children,such as the Pajama Sam series. Later he also wrote children's games for Hulabee Entertainment andDisney.He then designed adventure games at Telltale Games, a company founded by LucasArts veterans.He joined Telltale in 2005 as lead designer. In 2009, he returned to his Monkey Island roots, as DesignDirector on Telltale Games' episodic Tales of Monkey Island.He left Telltale in August 2014 and joinedAmazon Alexa gaming specialists, Reactive Studios, in November 2014 as Chief Creative Officer. ReactiveStudios has since changed its name to EarPlay.In 2020 he joined Ron Gilbert in developing Return toMonkey Island. The game was released in 2022.Children's booksLyrick Publishing published three bookswritten by Grossman that were based on characters from Humongous Entertainment's games. They wereFreddi Fish: The Big Froople Match, Pajama Sam: Mission to the Moon, and Freddi Fish: The MissingLetters Mystery.For Fisher-Price/Nickelodeon, Grossman authored two interactive books, SpongeBob"}
{"doc_id":"doc_167","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:La Bestia humanaLa Bestia humana is a 1957 Argentine film whose story is based on the 1890 novel La Bête Humaine by the French writer Émile Zola.External linksLa Bestia humana at IMDbPassage 2:Miloš ZličićMiloš Zličić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Зличић; born 29 December 1999) is a Serbian football forward who plays for Smederevo 1924. He is a younger brother of Lazar Zličić.Club careerVojvodinaBorn in Novi Sad, Zličić passed Vojvodina youth school and joined the first team at the age of 16. Previously, he was nominated for the best player of the \"Tournament of Friendship\", played in 2015. He made his senior debut in a friendly match against OFK Bačka during the spring half of the 2015–16 season, along with a year younger Mihajlo Nešković. Zličić made an official debut for Vojvodina in the 16th fixture of the 2016–17 Serbian SuperLiga season, played on 19 November 2016 against Novi Pazar.Loan to CementIn July 2018, Zličić joined the Serbian League Vojvodina side Cement Beočin on half-year loan deal. Zličić made his debut in an official match for Cement on 18 August, in the first round of the new season of the Serbian League Vojvodina, in a defeat against Omladinac. He scored his first senior goal on 25 August, in victory against Radnički.International careerZličić was called in Serbia U15 national team squad during the 2014, and he also appeared for under-16 national team between 2014 and 2015. He was also member of a U17 level later. After that, he was member of a U18 level, and scored goal against Slovenia U18.Career statisticsAs of 26 February 2020Passage 3:Roman PolanskiRaymond Roman Thierry Polański (né Liebling; 18 August 1933) is a French and Polish film director, producer, screenwriter, and actor. He is the recipient of numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, two British Academy Film Awards, nine César Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, as well as the Golden Bear and a Palme d'Or.His Polish Jewish parents moved the family from his birthplace in Paris back to Kraków in 1937. Two years later, the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany started World War II, and the family found themselves trapped in the Kraków Ghetto. After his mother and father were taken in raids, Polanski spent his formative years in foster homes, surviving the Holocaust by adopting a false identity and concealing his Jewish heritage. Polanski's first feature-length film, Knife in the Water (1962), was made in Poland and was nominated for the United States Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. After living in France for a few years, he moved to the United Kingdom, where he directed his first three English-language feature-length films: Repulsion (1965), Cul-de-sac (1966), and The Fearless Vampire Killers (1967). In 1968, he moved to the United States and cemented his status in the film industry by directing the horror film Rosemary's Baby (1968).In 1969, Polanski's pregnant wife, actress Sharon Tate, was murdered with four friends by members of the Manson Family. He made Macbeth (1971) in England and Chinatown (1974) back in Hollywood. Polanski was arrested and charged in 1977 with drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl. As a result of a plea bargain, he pleaded guilty to the lesser offence of unlawful sex with a minor. In 1978, upon learning that the judge planned to reject his plea deal and impose a prison term instead of probation, Polanski fled to Paris and has since been a fugitive from the U.S. criminal justice system. After fleeing to Europe, Polanski continued directing. His other critically acclaimed films include Tess (1979), The Pianist (2002) which won him the Academy Award for Best Director, The Ghost Writer (2010), Venus in Fur (2013), and An Officer and a Spy (2019).Early lifePolanski was born in Paris. He was the son of Bula (aka \"Bella\") Katz-Przedborska and Mojżesz (or Maurycy) Liebling (later Polański), a painter and manufacturer of sculptures, who after World War II was known as Ryszard Polański. Polanski's father was Jewish and originally from Poland; Polanski's mother, born in Russia, had been raised Catholic but was half Jewish. His mother had a daughter, Annette, by her previous husband. Annette survived Auschwitz, where her mother was murdered, and left Poland forever for France.  Polanski's parents were both agnostics. Polanski later stated that he was an atheist.World War II and the HolocaustThe Polański family moved back to Kraków, Poland, in early 1937, and were living there when World War II began with the invasion of Poland. Kraków was soon occupied by the German forces, and the racist and anti-Semitic Nuremberg Laws made the Polańskis targets of persecution, forcing them into the Kraków Ghetto, along with thousands of the city's Jews. Around the age of six, Polanski attended primary school for only a few weeks, until \"all the Jewish children were abruptly expelled\", writes biographer Christopher Sandford. That initiative was soon followed "}
{"doc_id":"doc_168","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Paul BrookePaul Brooke (born 22 November 1944) is a retired English actor of film, television and radio. He made his film debut in 1972 in the Hammer film Straight on till Morning, followed by performances in For Your Eyes Only (1981), Return of the Jedi (1983), Scandal (1989), Saving Grace (2000), Bridget Jones's Diary (2001), Alfie (2004), The Phantom of the Opera (2004), and Oliver Twist (2005). Brooke is the father of actor Tom Brooke.CareerBrooke began as a stage actor and has played in many London productions, including several years as a member of Frank Dunlop's original Young Vic Company. He played Malakili the Rancor Keeper in the 1983 Star Wars film Return of the Jedi (his voiced dubbed over by Ernie Fosselius). He played British Conservative politician Ian Gow in the 2004 BBC series The Alan Clark Diaries. In 2006, he guest starred in the Doctor Who audio adventure Year of the Pig as well as the 1990 Mr. Bean sketch \"The Library\". He played Mr. Fitzherbert in the 2001 film Bridget Jones's Diary.Other appearances in television dramas and comedies featuring Brooke include The Blackadder, Bertie and Elizabeth, the BBC adaptation of Blott on the Landscape, Lovejoy, Foyle's War, Rab C. Nesbitt, Kavanagh QC, Sharpe's Revenge, Midsomer Murders, Hustle, Covington Cross, The Kit Curran Radio Show, Between the Lines, Relic Hunter and Mornin' Sarge. He appeared in the miniseries Nostromo in 1997.He played Gríma Wormtongue in the 1981 BBC radio adaptation of The Lord of the Rings.He, Linal Haft and Frank Mills are the only actors to appear in both the Classic and New series of Minder, but playing different roles in each.FilmographyFilmTelevisionExternal linksPaul Brooke at IMDbPassage 2:Peter HamelPeter Hamel (1911–1979) was a German screenwriter and a director of film and television. He appeared as himself in the 1948 comedy Film Without a Title. He is the father of the composer Peter Michael Hamel.Selected filmographyFilm Without a Title (1948)Artists' Blood (1949)Oh, You Dear Fridolin (1952)The Daring Swimmer (1957)Passage 3:Obata ToramoriObata Toramori (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, 1491 – July 14, 1561) was Japanese samurai warrior of the Sengoku Period. He is known as one of the \"Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen\" He also recorded as having been wounded 41 times in 36 encounters. He was the father of Obata Masamori.See alsoIsao ObataPassage 4:Oskar RoehlerOskar Roehler (born 21 January 1959) is a German film director, screenwriter and journalist. He was born in Starnberg, the son of writers Gisela Elsner and Klaus Roehler. Since the mid-1980s, he has been working as a screenwriter, for, among others, Niklaus Schilling, Christoph Schlingensief and Mark Schlichter. Since the early 1990s, he has also been working as a film director. For his film No Place to Go he won the Deutscher Filmpreis. His 2010 film Jew Suss: Rise and Fall was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival.Partial filmographyGentleman (1995)Silvester Countdown (1997)Gierig (1999)Latin Lover (1999, TV film)No Place to Go (2000)Suck My Dick (2001)Beloved Sister (2002, TV film)Angst (2003)Agnes and His Brothers (2004)The Elementary Particles (2006)Lulu and Jimi (2009)Jew Suss: Rise and Fall (2010)Sources of Life (2013)Punk Berlin 1982 (2015)Subs (2017)Enfant Terrible (2020)Passage 5:Inoue Masaru (bureaucrat)Viscount Inoue Masaru (\u0000\u0000 \u0000, August 25, 1843 – August 2, 1910) was the first Director of Railways in Japan and is known as the \"father of the Japanese railways\".BiographyHe was born into the Chōshū clan at Hagi, Yamaguchi, the son of Katsuyuki Inoue. He was briefly adopted into the Nomura family and became known as Nomura Yakichi, though he was later restored to the Inoue family.Masaru Inoue was brought up as the son of a samurai belonging to the Chōshū fief. At 15, he entered the Nagasaki Naval Academy established by the Tokugawa shogunate under the direction of a Dutch naval officer. In 1863, Inoue and four friends from the Chōshū clan stowed away on a vessel to the United Kingdom. He studied civil engineering and mining at University College London and returned to Japan in 1868. After working for the government as a technical officer supervising the mining industry, he was appointed Director of the Railway Board in 1871. Inoue played a leading role in Japan's railway planning and construction, including the construction of the Nakasendo Railway, the selection of the alternative route (Tokaido), and the proposals for future mainline railway networks.In 1891 Masaru Inoue founded Koiwai Farm with Yanosuke Iwasaki and Shin Onogi.  After retirement from the government, Inoue founded Kisha Seizo Kaisha, the first locomotive manufacturer in Japan, becoming its first president in 1896. In 1909 he was appointed President of the Imperial Railway Association. He died of an illness in "}
{"doc_id":"doc_169","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Olivier BarouxOlivier Baroux (born 5 January 1964) is a French actor, comedian, writer anddirector who has acted both on stage and on screen. He first became known in forming with Kad Merad,the duo Kad & Olivier then went solo, while finding Kad regularly. Baroux's movies on Le Tuche is inspiredby the hurdles of the American dream. He is married to his wife Coralie since 2009. Baroux is set toappear in Les Tuche 3, with filming beginning in August 2018.FilmographyActorWriter &DirectorVoiceExternal linksOlivier Baroux at IMDbPassage 2:Terence RobinsonTerence D. Robinson (dateof birth and death unknown) was a male wrestler who competed for England.Wrestling careerHerepresented England and won a bronze medal, in the bantamweight category of -57 kg , at the 1970British Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland.Passage 3:Les TucheLes Tuche is a 2011 Frenchcomedy film directed by Olivier Baroux. A sequel, Les Tuche 2, was released on 3 February 2016.PlotTheTuche family is the stereotypical unemployed lower class French family.Jeff (the father) is the prouddescendant of the unemployment welfare inventor, and has never worked a day in his life. Out of his 3kids, the youngest one seems to be extremely intelligent. This will come in handy when all of a sudden,they win €100 million in the lottery, and will attempt to fit in the Monaco's upper class.CastJean-PaulRouve as Jeff TucheIsabelle Nanty as Cathy TucheClaire Nadeau as Grandma SuzeThéo Fernandez asDonald TucheSarah Stern as Stéphanie TuchePierre Lottin as Wilfried TucheFadila Belkebla asMounaKarina Testa as SalmaPhilippe Lefebvre as BickardRalph Amoussou as Georges DioufJérômeCommandeur as HermannValérie Benguigui as ClaudiaOmar Sy as Bouzolles's monkKad Merad asBouzolles's fishmongerPierre Bellemare as Bouzolles's mayorOlivier Baroux as MonnierRemakeAn Italianremake entitled Poveri ma ricchi (lit. 'Poor but rich') was released in December 2016.Passage 4:Les Tuche2Les Tuche 2 - Le rêve américain is a 2016 French comedy film directed by Olivier Baroux. It is the sequelto Les Tuche. It earned over US$32.5 million and was the highest-grossing domestic film in France in2016, with 4,619,884 tickets sold.CastJean-Paul Rouve as Jeff TucheIsabelle Nanty as Cathy TucheClaireNadeau as Grandma SuzeThéo Fernandez as Donald TucheSarah Stern as Stéphanie TuchePierre Lottinas Wilfried TucheRalph Amoussou as Georges DioufDarrell Dennis as IndianReleaseLes Tuche 2 wasdistributed by Pathé in France.ReceptionThe Hollywood Reporter gave the film a negative review, findingthe films comedy as \"puerile and naive whenever it’s not straightforwardly moronic\", noting a list ofAmerican clichés and that \"like in local box-office monsters Intouchables and Serial (Bad) Weddings, whatpasses for crude humor in France can be perceived as racially insensitive in the U.S. and elsewhere\". Thereview commented on the writing as \"staggeringly lazy and unfocused\".Passage 5:Théo FernandezThéoFernandez (born in Toulouse on 18 September 1998) is a French film actor. He is best known for playingthe role of Donald Tuche in Les Tuche (2011), Les Tuche 2 - Le rêve américain (2016) and Les Tuche 3(2018). He plays the lead role of Gaston in the 2018 film Gaston Lagaffe, the main character in thecomics Gaston created by the Belgian cartoonist André Franquin. Fernandez has also appeared in anumber of TV films and TV series.Passage 6:Theodred II (Bishop of Elmham)Theodred II was a medievalBishop of Elmham.The date of Theodred's consecration unknown, but the date of his death was sometimebetween 995 and 997.Passage 7:Les Tuche 3Les Tuche 3, also known as The Magic Tuche, is a 2018French comedy film co-written by Olivier Baroux, Nessim Chikhaoui, Julien Hervé, Philippe Mechelen andJean-Paul Rouve and directed by Olivier Baroux. It is a sequel of Les Tuche and Les Tuche 2: Le Rêveaméricain. It was released in January 2018 and was a commercial success.SynopsisJeff Tuche (played byJean-Paul Rouve) is initially delighted with the news that the new TGV is passing near his villageBouzolles, but then discovers to his horror that the TGV will not have a stop in  Bouzolles. He pleads withthe French President of the Republic to reconsider the itinerary of the new TGV so that his village doesn'tremain in isolation from the world. But not hearing from the Élysée, he decides to run for the Frenchpresidential election and succeeds becoming the French President, leaving him with the daunting task ofhow to govern France.CastJean-Paul Rouve as Jeff TucheIsabelle Nanty as Cathy TucheClaire Nadeau asMamie SuzeSarah Stern as Stéphanie TuchePierre Lottin as Wilfried TucheThéo Fernandez as DonaldTucheMarc Duret as Laurent DupuisRalph Amoussou as Georges DioufPassage 8:Etan BoritzerEtan"}
{"doc_id":"doc_170","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Princess Florestine of MonacoPrincess Florestine Gabrielle Antoinette of Monaco (22 October1833 – 4 April 1897) was the youngest child and only daughter of Florestan I, Prince of Monaco, and hiswife, Maria Caroline Gibert de Lametz. Florestine was a member of the House of Grimaldi and a Princessof Monaco by birth and a member of the House of Württemberg and Duchess consort of Urach andCountess of Württemberg through her marriage to Wilhelm, 1st Duke of Urach.Marriage andissueFlorestine married Count Wilhelm of Württemberg (later Wilhelm, 1st Duke of Urach), son of DukeWilhelm of Württemberg and his morganatic wife Baroness Wilhelmine von Tunderfeldt-Rhodis, on 15February 1863 in Monaco. Florestine and Wilhelm had two sons:Wilhelm Karl Florestan Gero Crescentius(1864–1928), Count of Württemberg, 2nd Duke of Urach, and nominally King of Lithuania as MindaugasII of Lithuania∞ 1892 Duchess Amalie in Bavaria (1865-1912), eldest daughter of the Duke Karl-Theodorin Bavaria∞ 1924 Princess Wiltrud Alix Marie of Bavaria (1884-1975), sixth daughter of Ludwig III ofBavariaJosef Wilhelm Karl Florestan Gero Crescentius (1865–1925), Prince of UrachFlorestine's husbandWilhelm had converted to Roman Catholicism in 1841, for his first marriage to Théodolinde deBeauharnais, who died in 1857.Monaco Succession Crisis of 1918Florestine, according to the rulesgoverning succession to the throne of Monaco, was able to marry without relinquishing her rights. Whenher grandnephew Louis II, Prince of Monaco, ascended to the Monegasque throne, Florestine's sonWilhelm claimed his rights for his succession to the princely throne of Monaco and the Grimaldi nobletitles. However, France had undergone two wars against Germany and did not wish to see Germanprinces ruling the Principality of Monaco. Therefore, France reached an agreement with the principalityallowing the illegitimate daughter of Louis II, Charlotte, to be his heir presumptive to the princely throneand Grimaldi noble titles. Charlotte renounced and ceded her rights to the princely throne on 30 May1944 to her son Rainier who became Rainier III, Prince of Monaco.HonoursWürttemberg: Dame of theOrder of Olga, 1871 -  Spain: Dame of the Order of Queen Maria LuisaAncestryPassage 2:Charles III,Prince of MonacoCharles III (Charles Honoré Grimaldi; 8 December 1818 – 10 September 1889) wasPrince of Monaco and Duke of Valentinois from 20 June 1856 to his death. He was the founder of thefamous casino in Monte Carlo, as his title in Monegasque and Italian was Carlo III. He was born in Paris,the only son of Florestan, Prince of Monaco, and Maria Caroline Gibert de Lametz.Marriage and reignWhilehe was Hereditary Prince, Charles was married on 28 September 1846 in Brussels to Countess Antoinettede Mérode-Westerloo.He succeeded his father Prince Florestan in 1856.During his reign, the towns ofMenton and Roquebrune, constituting some 80 percent of Monegasque territory, were formally ceded toFrance, paving the way for formal French recognition of Monaco's independence. Rebellions in thesetowns, aided by the Kingdom of Sardinia, had exhausted Monaco's military resources for decades.ThePrincipality was in dire need of cash flow, so Prince Charles and his mother, Princess Caroline, had theidea of erecting a casino. The Monte Carlo Casino was designed, according to the Prince's liking, in theGerman style and placed at the site of Les Spélugues. Monte Carlo (in English, Mount Charles) itself takesits name from Charles, after all its founder. Charles established a society (business) to run the Casino;this society is today the Société des bains de mer de Monaco.Under Charles III, the Principality of Monacoincreased its diplomatic activities; for example, in 1864, Charles III concluded a Treaty of Friendship withthe Bey of Tunis, Muhammad III as-Sadiq, which also regulated trade and maritime issues.HonoursMonteCarlo is named after Charles III. It stands for the \"Mount Charles\" in Italian.The Order of Saint-Charleswas instituted on 15 March 1858, during the reign of Prince Charles III.He received the followingdecorations and awards: Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav, with Collar, 27 March1863 (Sweden-Norway) Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog, in Brilliants, 16 February 1865(Denmark) Grand Cross of the Grand Ducal Hessian Order of Ludwig, 17 April 1865 (Grand Duchy ofHesse) Grand Cross of the Royal and Distinguished Order of Charles III, 17 February 1867 (Spain) GrandCross of the Order of the Red Eagle, 7 July 1869 (Kingdom of Prussia) Grand Cross of the Order of theZähringer Lion, 1869 (Grand Duchy of Baden) Officer of the Legion d'Honneur, for his service in theFrench Navy in the Franco-Prussian War (French Empire) Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold (civil"}
{"doc_id":"doc_171","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Albertine, baroness Staël von HolsteinHedvig Gustava Albertina, Baroness de Staël-Holstein or simply Albertine (1797–1838), was the daughter of Erik Magnus Staël von Holstein and Madame de Staël, the granddaughter of Jacques Necker and Suzanne Curchod, wife to Victor de Broglie (1785–1870), and mother to Albert, a French monarchist politician, and Louise, a novelist and biographer. Her biological father may have been the author Benjamin Constant.LifeAlbertina, still very much part of the de Staël circle, shared her grandfather's anglomania, and introduced her husband to the \"erudite society that centred around that family.\" Victor de Broglie Souvenirs recall their married life and the political storms that surrounded it.Her letters were collected and edited by her son Albert and published in French and in English by Robert Baird as Transplanted flowers, or memoirs of Mrs. Rumpff, daughter of John Jacob Astor, Esq. and the Duchess de Broglie, daughter of Madame de Stael (1846).Passage 2:George Bogislaus Staël von HolsteinGeorge Bogislaus Staël von Holstein (born 6 December 1685 in Narva; died 17 December 1763 in Malmö) was a Swedish baron and field marshal. He was the Governor of Malmöhus County from 1754 to 1763.FamilyGeorge Bosiglaus Staël von Holstein was born on 6 December 1685, the son of Lt. Col. Johan Staël von Holstein and Julia Helena von der Pahlen. He was a member of the Staël von Holstein noble house which had then only recently joined the Swedish nobility.During his captivity in Russia he married the Countess Ingeborg Christina Horn af Rantzien in 1710, a daughter of the Field Marshal Henning Rudolf Horn von Rantzien, who had been taken captive with his daughters by the Russians during the Great Northern War.In 1722 Staël von Holstein planned a marriage with Sofia Elisabeth Ridderschantz. However, the marriage was broken off because his wife Ingeborg from Russia, where she had been held captive to that point, returned. In 1731 Staël von Holstein was raised to the rank of baron.In 1761 his first wife died, and Staël married Sofia Elisabeth Ridderschantz. Anna Helena Juliana, the daughter of George Bogislaus Staël von Holstein, died at the age of five. With her this branch of the Staël von Holstein noble family died out.Military careerStaël von Holstein began his military career on 20 February 1700 as a volunteer in the Swedish household guard. He was promoted to Unteroffizier (roughly equivalent to corporal) in the artillery. Staël von Holstein became a cornet in the Dragoon regiment of the province Ingria which was under the command of Otto Vellingk. He participated in the campaign in Livonia against the Russian and Saxon armies. He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1702 and a year later to Captain in the infantry regiment of Adam de la Gardie. This regiment was used in 1704 to free the besieged city of Narva from Russian troops. In April he was appointed commander of the grenadier company of this regiment.The Swedish attack failed and Staël von Holstein was captured. He was held captive in prison camps in Siberia and later in the region of Moscow. Staël von Holstein succeeded in being exchanged for a Russian officer in 1711. His wife, her sisters and his father-in-law were not allowed to leave Russia, however. After his return Staël von Holstein was under the direct command of the Swedish King Charles XII, who was in exile in Bender and was dispatched by him to the Skaraborg regiment.In 1713 Staël von Holstein was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and in 1715 he invaded Schonen with the Skaraborg regiment. Two years later he was appointed colonel. In 1718 he participated with his regiment in the campaign against Norway and took part in the Siege of Frederiksten.In 1719 the Skaraborg regiment was garrisoned in Göteborg. The attack of the Danish captain Peter Wessel Tordenskiold on the fortress of Nya Elfsborg was repulsed by his commander Johan Abraham Lillie with all his forces. The artillery division of the Skaraborg regiment began a counter-attack on the Danish navy on 24 July. They were so taken by surprise by artillery fire from land that the fleet withdrew and repulsed the attack.In 1720 Staël parted from the Swedish army and served in the following years under Duke Karl Friedrich von Holstein. He was a major general and commander in his bodyguard.In 1733 Staël von Holstein was appointed colonel and commandant of Kalmar Castle. A year later he was governor of Kalmar.Staël was appointed major-general in 1734. In 1742 he was the leader of the political group the Caps.In 1743 Staël von Holstein was promoted to lieutenant general. He was also a Knight in the Royal Order of the Seraphim. In 1754 he was appointed governor of Malmöhus län and commandant of Malmö. He remained in this position until his death.Civilian lifeIn 1737 Staël built a textile factory in Kalmar. In 1742 he founded the glasswork company Kosta Glasbruk together with the governor "}
{"doc_id":"doc_172","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Satellite tournamentA satellite tournament is either a minor tournament or event on acompetitive sporting tour or one of a group of such tournaments that form a series played in the samecountry or region.PokerA satellite tournament in poker is a qualifying event. Winners of these satellitesusually win the buy-in fee to a larger, more prestigious tournament like the World Series of Poker MainEvent. Although there are some land-based satellite tournaments (usually for very high-stakestournaments), most of them are online-based. Some sites, like PokerStars, maintain several tiers ofsatellites. A player can thus start out at one tier (not necessarily the lowest one) and play his way to ahigher tier. The entry fee for each tier is always higher than the fee for the tier below it, with the first tierbeing the cheapest.TennisIn professional tennis, satellite circuits were four-week tournaments (fivebefore 1987), typically organised by a country's national tennis association and overseen by theInternational Tennis Federation. They were played by players who were ranked outside the top fewhundred by the Association of Tennis Professionals, with openings for unranked players in the qualifyingdraw. Total prize money ranged from $25,000 to $75,000 per circuit.  ATP points were awarded on thebasis of a player's ranking within the circuit and from 1987 onwards on the basis of the conversion of aplayer's circuit points into ATP points. Players successful at this level of pro tennis would move on to playATP Challenger Series or even top-flight ATP Tour events. The men's satellite tournaments werediscontinued following the 2006 season as the circuit moved exclusively to one-week Futurestournaments.PinballA satellite tournament in pinball is modeled after those in poker. It is a smallertournament that leads up to a major pinball championship, where participants have the opportunity towin their entry into the larger tournament. Applying the satellite tournament concept to pinball was firstdone by Northwest Pinball and Arcade Show in 2013 to promote both the show and the tournaments atthe show. Since then, some other major tournaments have begun using the concept.Passage 2:Tunstall,VirginiaTunstall is an unincorporated community in New Kent County, Virginia, United States.Foster'sCastle and Hampstead, both located in Tunstall, are listed on the National Register of HistoricPlaces.Passage 3:Telephone numbers in Ascension IslandCountry Code: +247International Call Prefix:00Ascension Island does not share the same country code (+290) with the rest of St Helena.CallingformatsTo call in Ascension Island, the following format is used:yxxxx      Calls inside AscensionIsland+247 yxxxx  Calls from outside Ascension IslandAscension Island numbering planAccording to ITUCommunication of 08.V.2015, Sure South Atlantic Limited, Jamestown, announced the following updateto the numbering plan for Ascension.The length of geographical numbers increased from four (4) to five(5) digits and prefixed with the number \"6\".The 4XXXX range  reserved for mobile services.The change tofive-digit numbering to be implemented on 1 June 2015.   1: New 5-digit numbering2: 6-digitnumberingSee alsoTelephone numbers in the United KingdomTelephone numbers in Saint Helena andTristan da CunhaPassage 4:LubnowyLubnowy is part of the name of two villages, both located in GminaSusz, within Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland:Lubnowy MałeLubnowy WielkieSeealsoLiebenauPassage 5:BrevilleBreville is an Australian brand of small home appliances, founded inSydney in 1932. It is best known for its home appliances, specifically blenders, coffee machines, toasters,kettles, microwaves and toaster ovens. As of 2016, the brand also manufactured \"Creatista\" coffeemachines for Nespresso, and distributed other Nespresso products in Australia, New Zealand and the USAand Canada, including the \"Inissia\", \"Vertuo\" and \"Citiz\" series of machines.HistoryIn 1932, Bill O'Brienand Harry Norville (born Charles Henry Norville) mixed their last names together and the Breville brandwas created. The company started by making radios. During World War II, it made mine detectors. By1953, the radio business had been taken over by A.W. Jackson Industries Pty. Ltd., which manufacturedradiograms and, later, television sets under the Breville brand. After that, Breville turned its attention tomanufacturing household appliances.The O'Brien family continued developing the Breville business forthree generations, with Bill's son, John, setting up the Breville Research and Development centre in thelate 1960s, and his daughter, Barbara, running the marketing department throughout the 1990s. JohnO'Brien continued to lead many product development initiatives for the Breville brand until his death in"}
{"doc_id":"doc_173","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:David A. GanongDavid A. Ganong,  (born September 14, 1943 in St. Stephen, New Brunswick) is a Canadian business executive.BiographyGanong is the former president and current chairman of the board of Ganong Bros., the oldest chocolate manufacturing company in Canada. He graduated with a BA degree from the University of New Brunswick in 1965 then earned his MBA degree University of Western Ontario.In 1977 he replaced his uncle, R. Whidden Ganong, as president of the company. In 1984-85, David Ganong served as chairman of the Atlantic Provinces Economic Council. In 1990 he oversaw the building of a modern new plant. Its success was followed by a further expansion in 2003. He was named a member of the Order of Canada in 2005 and was inducted into the Canadian Professional Sales Association Hall of Fame in 1999. In 2008 David Ganong stepped down as president, but has maintained an advisory role as chairman on the company's board and remains the controlling shareholder. Two of his children have moved into executive positions with the company, representing the fifth generation of Ganong overseeing the company; daughter Bryana Ganong as president and CEO, and son Nicholas Ganong as Vice President of Sales and Business Development.David Ganong is a member of the board of governors of the University of New Brunswick and he and his wife Diane have provided financial support to the university. In recent years, David has taken an active role in a number of community development groups, most recently with Future St. Stephen.NotesFolster, David. The Chocolate Ganongs of St. Stephen, New Brunswick (1991) Goose Lane Editions ISBN 0-86492-115-2Craigs, Melodie. Ganong, The Candy Family (1984) Literacy Council of Fredericton ISBN 0-920333-16-8David and Diane Ganong's donation to the University of New BrunswickFebruary 2003 Candy Industry article on David Ganong and Ganong Bros.Profile of David Ganong, The Governor General's Canadian Leadership ConferencePassage 2:Obata ToramoriObata Toramori (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, 1491 – July 14, 1561) was Japanese samurai warrior of the Sengoku Period. He is known as one of the \"Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen\" He also recorded as having been wounded 41 times in 36 encounters. He was the father of Obata Masamori.See alsoIsao ObataPassage 3:John Templeton (botanist)John Templeton (1766–1825) was a pioneering Irish naturalist, sometimes referred to as the \"Father of Irish Botany\". He was a leading figure in Belfast's late eighteenth century enlightenment, initially supported the  United Irishmen, and figured prominently in the town's scientific and literary societies.FamilyTempleton was born in Belfast in 1766, the son of James Templeton, a prosperous wholesale merchant, and his wife Mary Eleanor, daughter of Benjamin Legg, a sugar refiner. The family resided in a 17th century country house to the south of the town, which been named Orange Grove in honour of William of Orange who had stopped at the house en route to his victory over James II at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690.Until the age of 16 Templeton attended a progressive, co-educational, school favoured by the town's liberal, largely Presbyterian, merchant class. Schoolmaster David Manson sought to exclude \"drudgery and fear\" by combining classroom instruction with play and experiential learning. Templeton counted among his schoolfellows brother and sister Henry Joy and Mary Ann McCracken, and maintained a warm friendship with them throughout his life.In 1799, Templeton married Katherine Johnson of Seymour Hill. Her family had been touched by the United Irish rebellion the previous year: her brother-in-law, Henry Munro, commander of the United army at the Battle of Ballynahinch, had been hanged. The couple had five children: Ellen, born on 30 September 1800, Robert, born on 12 December 1802, Catherine, born on 19 July 1806, Mary, born on 9 December 1809 and Matilda on 2 November 1813.The union between the two already prosperous merchant families provided more than ample means enabling Templeton to devote himself passionately to the study of natural history.United IrishmanLike many of his liberal Presbyterian peers in Belfast, Templeton was sympathetic to the programme and aims of the Society United Irishmen:  Catholic Emancipation and democratic reform of the Irish Parliament. But it was several years before he was persuaded to take the United Irish \"test\" or pledge. In March 1797 his friend, Mary Ann McCracken, wrote to her brother: [A] certain Botanical friend of ours whose steady and inflexible mind is invulnerable to any other weapon but reason, and only to be moved by conviction has at last turned his attention from the vegetable kingdom to the human species and after pondering the matter for some months, is at last determined to become what he ought to have been months ago.She hoped his "}
{"doc_id":"doc_174","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Herbert J. RayRear Admiral Herbert James Ray (1 February 1893 – 3 December 1970) was anofficer in the United States Navy who served in World War I and World War II. A 1914 graduate of theNaval Academy, he served on the submarines USS H-2 and N-3 during World War I. In March 1942, asChief of Staff and Aide to the Commandant of the Sixteenth Naval District, Rear Admiral Francis W.Rockwell, he participated in General Douglas MacArthur's escape from the Philippines. In Australia, heserved with MacArthur's General Headquarters, Southwest Pacific Area staff. In September 1943, hebecame Captain of the battleship USS Maryland, which he commanded in the Battle of Tarawa, Battle ofKwajalein, Battle of Saipan and the Battle of Peleliu. In October 1944, he participated in the Battle ofSurigao Strait, in which Maryland joined the other battleships in engaging the Japanese battleships Fusōand Yamashiro and their escorts. Ray left Maryland in December 1944, and was promoted to Commodoreand appointed deputy director of the Naval Division of the US Control Group Council for Germany. AfterVE Day, he became the Junior United States Member of the Tripartite Naval Commission in Berlin. Heretired from the Navy on 30 June 1949, and received a tombstone promotion to rear admiral due to hiscombat decorations.Early lifeHerbert James Ray was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on 1 February 1893,the son of James Herbert Ray and his wife Mary née Rosseler. He was educated at Rhea County HighSchool. In 1910, he was appointed to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, from which hegraduated on 6 June 1914.On graduation, he was commissioned as an ensign, and joined the crew of thebattleship USS Minnesota. In July 1915, he became an instructor for enlisted ratings in Norfolk, Virginia.He then became part of the crew that was assembled for the new battleship USS Nevada in January1916, and served on it when it was commissioned in March 1916. After the United States declared war onGermany, he underwent submariner training on board the submarine tender USS Fulton from June toNovember 1917. During the war he served on the submarines USS H-2 and N-3.Between the warsAfterthe war, Ray was posted to the battleship USS Pennsylvania in March 1919, the submarine tender USSSavannah in July 1919, and the destroyer USS Meyer February 1920. He then became the ExecutiveOfficer of the destroyer USS Walker. In November 1920, he helped fit out the destroyer USS Young, andserved on it until April 1921, when he was transferred to the crew of another new destroyer, the USSMacdonough. He helped fit it out, and then served with it until September 1921.Ray returned toAnnapolis as an instructor with the Electrical Engineering and Physics Department from September 1921to June 1923. He then served on the transport USS Argonne until December 1924, when he became theExecutive Officer of the destroyer USS Wood. In 1926, he assumed command of the destroyer USSFarenholt. In July, he became Officer in Charge of the Branch Hydrographic Office in Honolulu. He wasAide and Flag Secretary to the Commander Light Cruiser 2 from May 1928 to June 1930; Light CruiserDivisions, Scouting Fleet from June to September 1930; and Light Cruiser 3 from September 1930 to July1931. Ray married Helen Louise Jacobs from La Plata, Maryland in 1930. They had two daughters andtwo sons.Ray was the Navy Representative on the Joint Army-Navy Selective Services Committee at theWar Department in Washington, D.C., from July 1931 to September 1933. He then helped fit out the newcruiser USS New Orleans, and became first he First Lieutenant and Damage Control Officer, and then, inFebruary 1935, he Executive Officer. Following the usual pattern of alternating duty afloat and ashore, hereturned to Annapolis in July 1936 for a second two-year tour as an instructor, this time in theDepartment of English and History. In June 1938 he entered the Naval War College at Newport, RhodeIsland. After graduating in June 1939, he became the Executive Officer of the USS Quincy.World WarIISouthwest PacificIn March 1941, Ray became Chief of Staff and Aide to the Commandant of theSixteenth Naval District, Rear Admiral Francis W. Rockwell, at Cavite, where he was promoted to captainon 1 July 1941. He was serving in this capacity when the Pacific War began. He was awarded the Legionof Merit for his part in the fighting. His citation read:For exceptionally meritorious conduct in theperformance of outstanding services to the Government of the United States as Chief of Staff in theSixteenth Naval District at the outbreak of World War II. Captain Ray continuously performed duties ofgreat responsibility during and after the bombing and destruction of Cavite Navy Yard on 10 December"}
{"doc_id":"doc_175","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Robert L. Simpson (film editor)Robert Laughlin Simpson, A.C.E. (July 31, 1910 – June 26,1977), was an American film editor with more than 100 feature film credits.BiographyBorn in St. Louis,Missouri, Simpson began his career at Paramount Pictures in 1935. By the end of the decade, he hadjoined 20th Century Fox, where he remained for more than 35 years.During a 55-year career, Simpsonedited one hundred films, including Drums Along the Mohawk (1939), The Grapes of Wrath (1940), ThePride of St. Louis (1952), Call Me Madam, The King and I (1956), South Pacific (1958), Fate is the Hunter(1964), and Tony Rome (1967). He collaborated with director George Seaton on several projects,including Miracle on 34th Street, The Shocking Miss Pilgrim, Apartment for Peggy, and Chicken EverySunday. He also worked with John Ford, Sidney Lanfield, and Walter Lang.Simpson was nominated forthe Academy Award for Best Film Editing for The Grapes of Wrath.Partial filmographyHer Master's Voice(1936)Love and Hisses (1937)Josette (1938)Drums Along the Mohawk (1939)Public Deb No. 1 (1940)TheGrapes of Wrath (1940)Sweet Rosie O'Grady (1943)Miracle on 34th Street (1947)The Shocking MissPilgrim (1947)Apartment for Peggy (1948)Chicken Every Sunday (1949)The Big Lift (1950)The Pride ofSt. Louis (1952)Call Me MadamThe King and I (1956)South Pacific (1958)Move Over, Darling (1963)Fateis the Hunter (1964)Tony Rome (1967)See alsoList of film director and editor collaborations. From 1940to 1960, Simpson edited ten films directed by Walter Lang; The King and I (1956) was nominated forboth the Academy Award for Best Picture and the Academy Award for Best Director.Passage 2:Jean-LucLemoineJean-Luc Marie Lemoine (born 6 March 1970) is a French humourist, media personality andstand-up comedian.Early lifeA native of Paris, Lemoine grew up in Morangis, Essonne. His first scene wason his high school stage, in front of 800 fellow students.In 1993, he played at the Théâtre desBlancs-Manteaux in Paris for 15 days and later worked as a columnist for the satirical weekly Infos duMonde, based upon Weekly World News in the United States. He started his television career on localTéléssonne channel. The following year, he played a show during 10 months, directed by FranckDubosc.CareerLemoine was a regular guest on On a tout essayé on France 2 from 2001 to 2006, when hejoined On n'est pas couché for two seasons.From 2011 until 2018, Lemoine was part of the slate ofregular guests on Touche pas à mon poste! on France 4 and then D8, when the talk show hosted by CyrilHanouna switched channels in 2012. He also had a weekly segment called Les Questions en 4/3. In 2015,his segment became a TV special for one prime time.In 2013, he joined Hanouna on his radio programmeLes pieds dans le plat broadcast on Europe 1. From 2016 to 2017 and in 2017 respectively, he hosted thegame shows Guess My Age and Couple or Not? on C8, both of which were created by VivendiEntertainment and have spawned numerous international versions.Lemoine quit C8 in 2018. He hashosted Samedi d'en rire on France 3 since 2019. He has also been a regular guest on Les Grosses Têtessince 2019.Passage 3:Robert Simpson (writer)Robert Simpson (1886 - January 7, 1934) was a writer andeditor.Early lifeIn 1886, Simpson was born in Strathy, Scotland. Simpson's father was Robert Simpsonand his mother was Mary Ann Smith Simpson.CareerIn about 1905, Simpson started working in thepalm-oil business, trading with West Africa.In 1907, Simpson emigrated to the United States. In 1916,Simpson became an editor at the Frank A. Munsey Company.  In 1917, Simpson was promoted tomanaging editor of The Argosy, and stayed in that role for three years.  He left in 1920 to become afree-lance writer, and returned to editing in 1925, becoming the editor of Mystery Magazine.Simpson'snovels include The Bite of Benin, Swamp Breath, The Grey Charteris, Eight Panes of Glass, and Calvert ofAllobar.Personal lifeSimpson was married to Marie A. Simpson, née Socin, and they had a daughter andtwo sons.Passage 4:Thomas Wykes (MP for Cambridgeshire)Thomas Wykes (died c. 1430), ofStetchworth, Cambridgeshire, was an English politician.He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament ofEngland for Cambridgeshire in March 1416.Passage 5:Robert Simpson (brewer)Robert Simpson was aCanadian brewer and politician who served as the first mayor of Barrie from 1871 to 1872, and again asits third mayor in 1876. He also founded the Simcoe Steam Brewery, and the 21st-century RobertSimpson Brewing Company (now The Flying Monkeys Craft Brewery) was named in his honour.Prior tobecoming mayor, the head of the governing body for Barrie was known as the reeve of Barrie. Simpson"}
{"doc_id":"doc_176","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1886–1964)Prince Hermann ofSaxe-Weimar-Eisenach (14 February 1886 – 6 June 1964) was a member of the House ofSaxe-Weimar-Eisenach. He was heir to his relative William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenachuntil 1909, when he was disinherited of his royal status. From that point onwards, Hermann wascommonly referred to with the lesser style, Graf von Ostheim (Count of Ostheim).Early lifePrinceHermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was born on 14 February 1886 in Düsseldorf. He was educated by atutor until deemed old enough to enter the Imperial German Army. He joined the Cuirassiers of the Guardin Berlin, where he was separated from the guidance of his family and tutor, and began to build up areputation as a spendthrift like his father. He was given $10,000 a year to spend, and he and those hebought items from realized that any debts contracted would eventually be paid by his family, thusincreasing the amount Hermann could spend. By the end of the year, Hermann was a quarter of a milliondollars in debt, which his family duly paid; he was sent to a small town as a disciplinary measure. Hepersuaded his family that he was ill, and was able to travel to Paris, racking up more debts along theway; one rumor said he sold his mother's jewels en route to France.Heir to Saxe-Weimar-EisenachWilliamErnest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach remained childless for much of his early life, fuelingspeculation of the succession to his duchy. As a descendant of Charles Augustus, Grand Duke ofSaxe-Weimar-Eisenach through a younger son, firstly Hermann and secondly his brother were heirpresumptives until the birth of Charles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in1912.Loss of inheritanceA lifelong spendthrift, Prince Hermann was heir presumptive to the duchy ofSaxe-Weimar-Eisenach until his disinheritance on 2 August 1909. The ducal family forced him torenounce his rights of succession to the Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach throne, as well as his royal status, titleand prerogatives, granting him a lesser, noble title, Count Ostheim, along with a small allowance on thegrounds that he stay out of the duchy. Herman was not the only member of his family to have a badreputation; his father Prince William as well as their cousin Prince Bernhard were all viewed withdispleasure, so much so, that the still-living Prince William had been overlooked concerning the duchy'ssuccession. Hermann had a younger brother, Prince Albert, who took up his position as next-in-line to theduchy. Hermann was also driven out of the German army \"for all sorts of unsavory scrapes\", as he waswanted in both England and Austria for debts, and for being a \"common swindler\". His Austrian arrestwarrant was issued soon after his younger sister Princess Sophie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was deniedpermission to enter into a morganatic marriage; she committed suicide soon after, on 18 September1913.In 1921 Count Hermann claimed in a lawsuit with Grand Duke William Ernest that he and hismother were induced by a ruse and told that he would be forcibly expelled from Paris unless he agreed totravel from there to Germany; instead Hermann was confined in an insane asylum. He was only freedafter signing documents renouncing all claims to Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and assuming the style CountOstheim. Hermann went on to claim that the Grand Duke was guilty of usury, as he was lent certain sumsof money to pay off his debts in exchange for renouncing 48,000 marks appanage in favor of WilliamErnest. During that time, the German government had been completing negotiations for a settlement onthe former royal family (their titles had been abolished in 1918); thus had Hermann not beendisinherited, he would have stood to inherit quite a large bit of money.MarriageBefore he becamedisinherited, Prince Hermann desired to marry Princess Marie Bonaparte, a great heiress; he might havesucceeded but for his unsavory reputation. Though there was a chance he would succeed to the GrandDucal throne, Marie's father disliked Hermann for possessing an \"evil\" reputation, and consequentlyallowed her instead to marry Prince George of Greece and Denmark. Before her refusal, however,Hermann was able to obtain a great deal of money, as it was assumed he would soon have a great deal ofwealth to spend; when it became clear there was to be no marriage, a \"crash\" came. It was these moneytroubles, along with other problems, that led to his disinheritance.Despite being disinherited, Hermannopenly boasted he would travel to the United States in search of a wealthy wife, and then return toGermany and pay off his debts within a year; all this was said while staying in Zurich awaiting funds from"}
{"doc_id":"doc_177","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Come on DangerCome on Danger is a 1942 American Western film directed by Edward Killy. Itwas a remake of a 1932 Tom Keene film. The story was bought for Holt in June 1941.PlotsummaryCastTim Holt as Jack MasonFrances E. Neal as Ann Jordan (as Frances Neal)Ray Whitley asSmokeyLee 'Lasses' White as WhopperKarl Hackett as Ott RamseyMalcolm 'Bud' McTaggart as RussGlennStrange as Henchman SloanEvelyn Dockson as Aunt Fanny (as Evlynn Dockson)Davison Clark as RangerCaptain BlakeJohn Elliott as SaundersSlim Whitaker as Sheriff (as 'Slim' Whitaker)Kate Harrington asMaggieHenry Roquemore as JedPassage 2:Come On Danger!Come On Danger! is a 1932 Pre-CodeWestern film, and the first film Tom Keene would make at RKO Studios. It made a profit of $30,000.Itwas remade in 1942 under the similar title, Come on Danger.PlotJim Madden, a Texas Ranger, is gunneddown while investigating the murder of a local rancher. His younger brother, Larry, vows to track downthe suspected killer, another rancher named Joan Stanton. While looking into the murders, he stumbleson a battle between Stanton and a group of men working for another rancher, Frank Sanderson. Stantontakes money from Sanderson that she feels is due to her.Rescuing Stanton from the altercation, he keepshis identity as a Ranger secret, while attempting to learn the truth of what is going on. Through talks withStanton, Madden learns that Sanderson has been setting her up for both the murder of the other rancher,and Jim's death.Convinced by Stanton's story, Madden tells Stanton she must turn herself in, and sheagrees. Before they can reach the Rangers, they are captured by Sanderson's men. Sanderson plans tokill Madden, and take Stanton to Mexico. With the help of the Rangers' cook, Rusty, as well as several ofStanton's men, Madden overcomes Sanderson and his men, and takes a vindicated Stanton back to theRangers.Cast(cast list as per AFI database)Tom Keene as Larry MaddenJulie Haydon as JoanStantonRosco Ates as RustyRobert Ellis as Frank SandersonWilliam Scott as Jim MaddenFrank Lackteenas PiuteWade Boteler as TexRoy Stewart as Inspector ClayHarry Tenbrook as BillPassage 3:Sam White(film producer)Sam White (October 16, 1906 – August 8, 2006) was an American film producer, filmdirector and actor.White was born in Los Angeles on October 16, 1906 to parents who had immigratedfrom Austria and Hungary.  In 1937, he  married  Claretta Ellis, a studio contract dancer.  They weremarried for 65 years until her death in 2002.For much of the 1930s, Sam White directed numerousmusical sequences in films such as Roberta with Fred Astaire, Ginger Rogers and Irene Dunne; Old ManRhythm with Betty Grable and Buddy Rogers; Top of the Town with George Murphy; and Hooray for Love,with Ann Sothern.During World War II, Sam made six training films for the U.S. Armed forces.  Also inthe 1940s, the feature films he produced and directed included Reveille with Beverly, starring Ann Miller(Frank Sinatra's first film); People Are Funny, starring Jack Haley and Rudy Vallée; The Return of theVampire, starring Bela Lugosi; The Girl in the Case, starring Edmund Lowe; After Midnight with BostonBlackie, starting Chester Morris; Louisiana Hayride, starring Judy Canova; and Tahiti Nights, starring JinxFalkenburg for RKO, Columbia, Universal and Paramount Studios.During the next two decades, Samdirected commercials and produced and directed early television series such as Perry Mason, The OuterLimits, Oh! Those Bells, My Friend Flicka, Boston Blackie, Philip Marlowe, and Big Town, among manyothers.  In 1969 he produced and directed White Comanche with William Shatner and Joseph Cotten.  Hewas also a successful businessman with his production facility in Pioneer Town and commercial real estateventures in Los Angeles.Throughout his later years, Sam remained interested in world affairs andtraveled extensively as a valued ombudsman for the Directors Guild to cement relations between foreignand American filmmakers. In 1990, the Directors Guild of America published an oral history entitled TheWhite Brothers which tells the history of the family as well as the history of early movie making in LosAngeles.Sam White, one of the famous White Brothers film and television pioneers, died peacefully at hisEncino home just short of his 100th birthday.  A retrospective was held in 2003 at the Motion Picture andTelevision Home where a wall of honor was dedicated to him. His professional memorabilia waspositioned alongside those of his renowned brothers, Jack White and Jules White.SelectedfilmographyLouisiana Hayride (1944)Swing Out the Blues  (1944)Kickin' the Crown Around(1933)Passage 4:I Live on DangerI Live on Danger is a 1942 film noir thriller film directed by Sam White"}
{"doc_id":"doc_178","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Born into BrothelsBorn into Brothels: Calcutta's Red Light Kids is a 2004 Indian-Americandocumentary film about the children of prostitutes in Sonagachi, Kolkata's red light district. The widelyacclaimed film, written and directed by Zana Briski and Ross Kauffman, won a string of accoladesincluding the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2005.PlotBriski, a documentaryphotographer, went to Kolkata to photograph prostitutes. While there, she befriended their children andoffered to teach the children photography to reciprocate being allowed to photograph their mothers. Thechildren were given cameras so they could learn photography and possibly improve their lives. Theirphotographs depicted a life in the red light district through the eyes of children typically overlooked andsworn off to do chores around the house until they were able to contribute more substantially to thefamily welfare.  Much of their work was used in the film, and the filmmakers recorded the classes as wellas daily life in the red light district. The children's work was exhibited, and one boy was even sent to aphotography conference in Amsterdam. Briski also recorded her efforts to place the children in boardingschools although many of the children did not end up staying very long in the schools they were placedin. Others, such as Avijit and Kochi, not only went on to continue their education but were gradedwell.AftermathThere is debate about the extent to which the documentary has improved the lives of thechildren featured in it.The filmmakers claim that the lives of children appearing in Born into Brothels havebeen transformed by money earned through the sale of photos and a book on them. Ross Kauffman,co-director of the documentary, says that the amount earned is $100,000 (about Rs.4.5 million), whichwill pay for their tuition and for a school in India for children of prostitutes. Briski has started a non-profitorganization to continue this kind of work in other countries, named Kids with Cameras. A film is beingmade on the life story of a high-profile trio of call girl sisters, Shaveta, Khushboo and Himani, born in oneof the brothels of Haryana.In November 2006, Kids with Cameras provided an update on many of thechildren's conditions, asserting that they had entered high schools or universities in India and the UnitedStates or found employment outside of prostitution. Kids with Cameras continues to work towardimproving the lives of children from the Calcutta red light district with the plan to build a Hope House.Updates for 2010 and 2009  were also published.In 2004, REACT to FILM organized a screening for Borninto Brothels  at the SoHo House in Manhattan, NY.  In 2010, the film's director, Zana Briski, joined theadvisory board of REACT to FILM.CriticismsThe Durbar Mahila Samanwaya Committee, a prostitutes'organization active in Sonagachi, has criticized the film for presenting the children's parents as abusiveand for ignoring the prostitutes' efforts to provide  education programs and career building activities fortheir children. In addition, the film has been criticized in India for perceived racist stereotyping, and hasalso been viewed as exploiting the children for the purposes of Indophobic propaganda in the West. Areview in Frontline, India's national magazine, summarized this criticism, remarking:IF Born Into Brothelswere remade as an adventure-thriller in the tradition of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, its postersmight read: \"New York film-maker Zana Briski sallies forth among the natives to save souls.Some criticsjoined the Sonagachi prostitute-advocacy groups in condemning the film for exploitation of the plight ofthe prostitutes for profit. Other criticisms were raised about \"ethical and stylistic\" problems, by ParthaBanerjee, interpreter between the filmmakers and the children.ReceptionCritical responseBorn intoBrothels has an approval rating of 95% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 108reviews, and an average rating of 7.83/10. The website's critical consensus states, \"A powerful anduplifting documentary\". Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 78 out of 100, based on32 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\".Awards2004 Bermuda International Film FestivalAudience Choice Award - Briski, Kauffman; Documentary Prize - Briski, Kauffman2004 ClevelandInternational Film Festival Best Film - Briski, Kauffman2004 Full Frame Documentary Film FestivalAudience Award - Briski, Kauffman (tied with Word Wars)2004 International Documentary AssociationAward for Feature Documentaries - Briski, Kauffman, Geralyn Dreyfous-White, Pamela Boll (tied withFahrenheit 9/11)2004 National Board of Review Award for Best Documentary Feature - Zana Briski andRoss Kauffman2004 Seattle International Film Festival Golden Space Needle Award for Best Documentary"}
{"doc_id":"doc_179","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Battle for BrooklynBattle for Brooklyn is a 2011 documentary that follows the stories of aBrooklyn neighborhood as the residents fight to save their homes from being destroyed by an impendingreal estate project. The film attempts to show the unjust outcomes that are possible when moneyedinterests partner up with government entities to outweigh the rights of citizens.Film contentSet in theyears between 2003 and 2011, the story follows graphic designer Daniel Goldstein, the last defiantlyremaining homeowner in his building, as he battles Bruce Ratner's Forest City real estate company andtheir plans to complete the Atlantic Yards Project in the Prospect Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. Themassive building project – according to the filmmakers, the densest real estate development in U.S.history – required the procurement of 22 acres of land, and would bring a sports complex to house theNew Jersey Nets along with 16 high-rise buildings to the heart of Brooklyn. Initially tasked with filling thebehemoth 22 acre complex was architect Frank Gehry, who NPR calls \"American architecture's prince ofwasted space\". The film documents that the land was obtained by the developers through various meansincluding the controversial declaration of the buildings in the area as \"blighted\", and the utilization ofeminent domain to seize land from businesses and homeowners in the proposed project area.DirectorMichael Galinsky explained that it was their intention to create an immersive experience devoid ofexcessive commentary by \"talking heads\" in order to allow the viewer some latitude to experience theevents of the film for themselves.  The result of this immersive experience after 7 years of filming can beseen as a character study of Daniel Goldstein – in the background of the story of the formation of DevelopDon't Destroy Brooklyn and the fight against the development, Goldstein, through the course of thefilming, experiences personal triumphs and great sadness, including the death of his mother, the breakupwith his fiancée, the formation of a new relationship, and the birth of his child. The film documents his\"evolution from a bewildered property owner to sophisticated spokesman and property rightsactivist.\"The formation of the community activism group Develop Don't Destroy Brooklyn (DDDB) withthe help of NYC Councilmember Letitia James helped bring Goldstein's cause into the public eye, quicklygaining the support of Brooklyn-based actors like Steve Buscemi, Rosie Perez and John Turturro, andconservative columnist George Will.ProductionThe film, which was shortlisted for an Academy Award in2012 for the 84th Academy Awards, was produced and directed by Michael Galinsky and Suki Hawley.Hawley and Galinsky began production in 2003, when they came across a flyer explaining the protest.Galinsky started shooting the very same afternoon. The film's importance extends beyond Goldstein'sfight against the abuse of eminent domain, Galinsky describes the film as being \"really about the peopleretaking narratives from the media which is faltering ... in these situations.\"  The film received its initialfinancing from the New York-based non-profit Moving Picture Institute.In a 2011 interview, Galinskydescribed the events that led to the start of filming:I saw an article in the paper that said, \"Adevelopment project is coming to Brooklyn. Hooray!\" I thought, \"This seems a little bit weird.\" I knew thearea it was coming to. It seemed it was impossible. It's in the middle of playgrounds and neighborhoods.My daughter went to daycare a block from there. So, when I saw a flyer saying, \"stop the project,\" Iimmediately picked it up, called the number on the flyer, and the woman who answered was Patti Hagan,who I could tell right away was an interesting character. So I started shooting that afternoon. That waseight years ago.On April 30, 2011, Battle for Brooklyn premiered in Toronto at the HotDocs FilmFestival.Critical receptionAndrew O'Hehir of Salon says of the film's appeal, \"No doubt \"Battle forBrooklyn\" will be of most interest to New Yorkers, and particularly to people who live or work in the city'smost populous borough. But the film's basic situation — local residents and community activists vs. thedevelopment schemes of major politicians and big business — is an archetypal element of urban life, onethat can be found in almost any city, large or small, from Maine to California.\"S. James Snyder of TimeOut New York writes, \"Nothing propels a documentary like injustice, and Michael Galinsky and SukiHawley's infuriating chronicle of an outer-borough David-versus-Goliath saga plays like a marathon ofinequity.\"Gary Goldstein of the Los Angeles Times said that although the film is \"not exactlyeven-handed, the movie proves a deft look at a reluctant crusader and how financial sway and political"}
{"doc_id":"doc_180","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:I Believe in Miracles (film)I Believe in Miracles is a 2015 film directed by Jonny Owen.PlotThefilm tells the story of football club Nottingham Forest's rise, under Brian Clough and Peter Taylor, tobecoming English champions in 1978 and European champions in 1979 and 1980. The film featuresdocumentary footage of matches and interviews with many of the former Forest players who played atthe time.The film's soundtrack includes funk and soul music from the 1970s, including the song fromwhich its title is based, featuring versions from The Jackson Sisters and Mark Capanni.A book of the samename to accompany the release of the film was written by Daniel Taylor, chief football writer of TheGuardian.Passage 2:Saturday Night at the Movies (disambiguation)Saturday Night at the Movies was aCanadian weekly television series. Saturday Night at the Movies may also refer to:NBC Saturday Night atthe Movies, an American weekly prime time network television series\"Saturday Night at the Movies\"(song), a song by The Drifters, released in 1964, written by Barry Mann and Cynthia WeilSaturday Nightat the Movies (album), a 2017 album by Joe McElderrySaturday Night at the Movies, a 2013 album byThe OvertonesPassage 3:A Month of Sundays (2015 film)A Month of Sundays is a 2015 film starringAnthony LaPaglia.PlotReal estate agent Frank Mollard won't admit it, but he can't move on. Divorced butstill attached, he can't sell a house in a property boom - much less connect with his teenage son. Onenight Frank gets a phone call from his mother. Nothing out of the ordinary. Apart from the fact that shedied a year ago.Thus blossoms a charming and unusual friendship with an elderly woman which inspiresFrank to reconnect with life.CastAnthony LaPaglia as Frank MollardJulia Blake as SarahJohn Clarke asPhillip LangWayne Anthoney as Noel LangJustine Clarke as Wendy McKinnonTerence Crawford asStuartGary Sweet as Gary SweetReceptionOn Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 63%based on reviews from 19 critics.Luke Buckmaster of The Guardian wrote \"Situations, subplots and evenbarely seen characters are unified with an almost cosmic sense of fate.\" David Nusair of Reel FilmReviews wrote \"One can only hope that this marks a temporary stumble for an otherwise talentedfilmmaker.\" Paul Byrnes in the Sydney Morning Herald said \"A Month of Sundays is a small miracle of afilm – an odd combination of modesty and ambition.\"Passage 4:Manhattan AngelManhattan Angel is a1949 American comedy musical film directed by Arthur Dreifuss and starring Gloria Jean, Patricia Barryand Thurston Hall.It was originally called Sweetheart of the Blues. It was made after I SurrenderDear.PlotGloria Cole and Eddie Swenson are working to keep an old house, now being used as a youthcenter, from being razed to make room for a new skyscraper in Manhattan. Gloria enters a friend in abeauty contest with a $25,000 first prize and, after some iffy-maneuvering, her friend wins the contestand the money goes to preserving the youth center.CastGloria Jean as Gloria ColeRoss Ford as EddieSwensonPatricia Barry as Maggie Graham (as Patricia White)Thurston Hall as Everett H. BurtonAliceTyrrell as Queenie WaltersBenny Baker as Aloysius DuffRussell Hicks as J.C. RaylandFay Baker as ViLangdonJimmy Lloyd as ElmerToni Harper as ToniThe Sweetheart Choristers as SingersSee alsoList ofAmerican films of 1949Passage 5:Amy (2015 film)Amy is a 2015 British documentary film directed by AsifKapadia and produced by James Gay-Rees. The film covers British singer-songwriter Amy Winehouse'slife and her struggle with substance abuse, both before and after her career blossomed, and whicheventually caused her death. In February 2015, a teaser trailer based on the life of Winehouse debuted ata pre-Grammys event. David Joseph, CEO of Universal Music UK, announced that the documentary titledAmy would be released later that year. He further stated: \"About two years ago we decided to make amovie about her—her career and her life. It's a very complicated and tender movie. It tackles lots ofthings about family and media, fame, addiction, but most importantly, it captures the very heart of whatshe was about, which is an amazing person and a true musical genius.\"Amy premiered at the 2015Cannes Film Festival, being shown in the Midnight Screenings section. Distributed by the Altitude andA24, it was released theatrically on 3 July 2015. The film received critical acclaim, garnering 33nominations and winning a total of 30 awards, including Best Documentary at the 28th European FilmAwards, Best Documentary at the 69th British Academy Film Awards, Best Music Film at the 58thGrammy Awards and the Best Documentary Feature at the 88th Academy Awards. The success of Amy"}
{"doc_id":"doc_181","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Joshua SinclairJoshua Sinclair (born May 7, 1953) is an American writer, producer, actor anddirector born in New York City.FilmographyPassage 2:Claude WeiszClaude Weisz is a French film directorborn in Paris.FilmographyFeature filmsUne saison dans la vie d'Emmanuel (1972) with GermaineMontéro, Lucien Raimbourg, Florence Giorgetti, Jean-François Delacour, Hélène Darche, Manuel Pinto,etc.Festival de Cannes 1973 - Quinzaine des réalisateursJury Prize: Festival Jeune Cinéma 1973LaChanson du mal aimé (1981) with Rufus, Daniel Mesguich, Christine Boisson, Věra Galatíková, MarkBurns, Philippe Clévenot, Dominique Pinon, Madelon Violla, Paloma Matta, Béatrice Bruno, CatherineBelkhodja, Véronique Leblanc, Philippe Avron, Albert Delpy, etc.Festival de Cannes 1982 - Perspectivesdu cinéma françaisCompetition selections: Valencia, Valladolid, Istanbul, MontréalOn l'appelait... le RoiLaid (1987) with Yilmaz Güney (mockumentary)Valencia Festival 1988 - Grand Prix for documentaries\"Laurel Wreath\"Competition selections: Rotterdam, Valladolid, Strasbourg, Nyon, Cannes, Lyon,CairoPaula et Paulette, ma mère (2005) Documentary - Straight to DVDShort and mid-lengthLa GrandeGrève (1963 - Co-directed CAS collective, IDHEC)L'Inconnue (1966 - with Paloma Matta and Gérard Blain- Prix CNC Hyères, Sidney)Un village au QuébecMontréalDeux aspects du Canada (1969)La Hongrie, versquel socialisme ? (1975 - Nominated for best documentary - Césars 1976)Tibor Déry, portrait d'unécrivain hongrois (1977)L'huître boudeuseAncienne maison Godin ou le familistère de Guise(1977)Passementiers et RubaniersLe quinzième moisC'était la dernière année de ma vie (1984 -FIPRESCI Prize- Festival Oberhausen 1985 - Nomination - Césars 1986)Nous aimons tant le cinéma (Filmof the European year of cinema - Delphes 1988)Participation jusqu'en 1978 à la réalisation de films\"militants\"TelevisionSeries of seven dramas in GermanNumerous documentary and docu-soap type films(TVS CNDP)Initiation à la vie économique (TV series - RTS promotion)Contemplatives... et femmes (TF1 -1976)Suzel Sabatier (FR3)Un autre Or Noir (FR3)Vivre en GéorgiePortrait d'une génération pour l'an 2000(France 5 - 2000)Femmes de peine, femmes de coeur (FR3 - 2003)Television documentariesLa porte deSarp est ouverte (1998)Une histoire balbynienne (2002)Tamara, une vie de Moscou à Port-au-Prince(unfinished)Hana et Khaman (unfinished)En compagnie d'Albert Memmi (unfinished)Le Lucernaire, unepassion de théâtreLes quatre saisons de la Taillade ou une ferme l'autreHistoire du peuple kurde (indevelopment)Les kurdes de Bourg-Lastic (2008)Réalisation de films institutionnels et industrielsPassage3:Day of the PainterDay of the Painter is a 1960 American short film directed by Robert P. Davis. It wasfilmed at Mamaroneck Harbor in Mamaroneck, NY.Plot and critical responseTime magazine:An extremelyfunny 15-minute film, may be taken as a solemn leg-pull of the recent vogue for dribble-and-splotchpainters, those athletic canvas-coverers whose style owes less to Van Gogh's brush technique than toStan Laurel's custard pie stance.  Or it may be taken as an explicit set of instructions for getting rich.Thefilm, a first-time effort by three ex-admen, begins with a loving shot of wharfs, fishing shacks andsounding sea-the sort of vista once sketched avidly by artists and now appreciated chiefly by retiredcouples who tour Cape Cod in late September.  The artist is a burly fellow (Ezra Reuben Baker),recognizably aesthetic in paint-smeared dungarees, scurrilous red sweater and combat boots.  Hetrundles a cart filled with paint buckets along a dock, then throws an enormous sheet of wallboard downon a mud flat ten feet below.Soberly, with exquisite skill, using first a vigorous forehand, then a preciselyexecuted backhand, the painter slops color from buckets.  Clearly he is a master, for his stroke with thelong-handled hoe is sure and strong, his touch with the dribble-stick more than Japanese in itsdelicacy.  And when he fills a flare pistol with paint and fires the last accent of orange at his abstraction,he does not pull the trigger.  He squeezes.When the thing dries, he hacks it up in random rectangles witha power saw, then carefully signs each fragment.  A seaplane, labeled \"Galerie des Abstracts, Paris-NewYork,\" touches down.  A man debarks whose rich, dark overcoat obviously proclaims him an artdealer.  He strokes his jaw as he examines the paintings, eventually selects a small one, shakes handswith the painter and takes off.  Pleased with himself, the painter matter-of-factly shoves the remainingworks of art into the ocean.  This, as the screen truly proclaims, is the end.New York Herald Tribune:Ahilarious good - natured spoof of abstract-expressionist painting has been made the subject of a colored"}
{"doc_id":"doc_182","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Y asíAustria participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 with the song \"Y así\" written byChristof Spörk and Edi Köhldorfer. The song was performed by the group Global Kryner. The Austrianbroadcaster Österreichischer Rundfunk (ORF) organised the national final Song.Null.Fünf in order toselect the Austrian entry for the 2005 contest in Kyiv, Ukraine. Five artists and ten songs competed in atelevised show where a public vote consisting of regional televoting and mobile phone voting exclusivelyselected \"Y así\" performed by Global Kryner as the winner.Austria competed in the semi-final of theEurovision Song Contest, which took place on 19 May 2005. Performing as the opening entry for the showin position 1, \"Y así\" was not announced among the top 10 entries of the semi-final and therefore did notqualify to compete in the final. It was later revealed that Austria placed twenty-first out of the 25participating countries in the semi-final with 30 points.BackgroundPrior to the 2005 contest, Austria hasparticipated in the Eurovision Song Contest forty-one times since its first entry in 1957. The nation haswon the contest on one occasion: in 1966 with the song \"Merci, Chérie\" performed by Udo Jürgens.Following the introduction of semi-finals for the 2004 contest, Austria has featured in only one final.Austria's least successful result has been last place, which they have achieved on seven occasions, mostrecently in 1991. Austria has also received nul points on three occasions: in 1962, 1988 and 1991.TheAustrian national broadcaster, Österreichischer Rundfunk (ORF), broadcasts the event within Austria andorganises the selection process for the nation's entry. ORF confirmed their intentions to participate at the2005 Eurovision Song Contest on 17 September 2004. From 1995 to 2000, ORF has held an internalselection to choose the artist and song to represent Austria at the contest, while the broadcaster had setup national finals with several artists to choose both the song and performer to compete at Eurovision forAustria from 2002 to 2004. Along with their participation confirmation, the broadcaster also announcedthat the Austrian entry for the 2005 contest would be selected through a national final.BeforeEurovisionSong.Null.FünfSong.Null.Fünf (Song.Zero.Five) was the national final that selected Austria'sentry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2005. The competition took place on 25 February 2005 at the ORFCenter in Vienna, hosted by Mirjam Weichselbraun and Christian Clerici and broadcast on ORF eins. Thenational final was watched by 630,000 viewers in Austria.FormatFive artists with two songs eachcompeted in the competition where the winner was selected by exclusively by public voting. Viewers wereable to cast their votes via landline and the voting results of each of the nine Federal States of Austriacreated an overall ranking from which points from 1-8, 10 and 12 were distributed. Viewers were alsoable to vote from mobiles via telephone or SMS and the overall ranking of the entries was also assignedscores from 1-8, 10 and 12. After the combination of all scores, the entry with the highest number ofpoints was selected as the winner.Competing entriesORF invited all interested artists with a contract to arecord company to apply to the broadcaster between 17 September 2004 and 30 September 2004. Allapplications were reviewed by a team of music professionals who nominated four artists to each submittwo songs for the national final. On 20 October 2004, DJ Ötzi revealed that he had initially been selectedfor the competition but later withdrew after issues with creating his two candidate Eurovision songs. Anadditional artist was nominated by the talent scout organisation Projekt Pop after an additionalsubmission period was opened for interested artists without a contract to a record company to submit twosongs to the organisation between 4 November 2004 and 25 November 2004. The five artists and songswere revealed on 5 January 2005 and among the competing artists was former Austrian Eurovisionrepresentative Alf Poier who represented Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003.FinalThe televisedfinal took place on 25 February 2005. Each of the five artists competed with two songs where regionaltelevoting and mobile phone voting selected \"Y así\" performed by Global Kryner as thewinner.ControversyThe national final caused controversy due to the format that was amended shortlybefore the show (the original format was to include two rounds of public voting where one song per artistwould be selected in the first round to advance to the second round). When the results were published,80% of the 337,179 votes registered were submitted via mobiles but distributed just as many points aseach federal state did. It was also revealed that \"Good Old Europe Is Dying\" performed by Alf Poier"}
{"doc_id":"doc_183","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Jesse E. HobsonJesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director ofSRI International from 1947 to 1955. Prior to SRI, he was the director of the Armour ResearchFoundation.Early life and educationHobson was born in Marshall, Indiana. He received bachelor's andmaster's degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electrical engineering fromthe California Institute of Technology. Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstandingengineer.Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had fivechildren.CareerAwards and membershipsHobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948.Passage 2:Ian Barry(director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas (1973)(short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986)(mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990)(mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)NotQuite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor BlakeMysteries (2013)Passage 3:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives andworks in the United States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months,resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to2019. He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery ofAustralia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the UnitedStates after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019, he succeeded DanMonroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career inIrelandKennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985)and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history.Heworked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and inIreland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), andDepartment of Finance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was Assistant Director at theNational Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association of ArtHistorians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003.In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery of Australia(NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged forseveral major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itselfand oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years ofthe museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, BettyChurcher, on showing \"blockbuster\" exhibitions.During his directorship, the NGA gained governmentsupport for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship. However,the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the originalarchitect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure,with a significantly altered design completed some years later.  Private funding supported twoacquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud'sAfter Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring theHolmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints,screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive. He was also notable forcampaigning for the construction of a new \"front\" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace,which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above).Kennedy's cancellation of the\"Sensation exhibition\" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial,and seen by some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being \"too closeto the market\" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of aspeculative art investor. However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could"}
{"doc_id":"doc_184","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:O Valencia!\"O Valencia!\" is the fifth single by the indie rock band The Decemberists, and the first released from their fourth studio album, The Crane Wife.The music was written by The Decemberists and the lyrics by Colin Meloy. It tells a story of two star-crossed lovers. The singer falls in love with a person who belongs to an opposing gang. At the end of the song, the singer's lover jumps in to defend the singer, who is confronting his lover's brother (the singer's \"sworn enemy\") and is killed by the bullet intended for the singer.Track listingThe 7\" single sold in the UK was mispressed, with \"Culling of the Fold\" as the B-side despite the artwork and record label listing \"After the Bombs\" as the B-side.Music videosFor the \"O Valencia!\" music video, The Decemberists filmed themselves in front of a green screen and asked fans to complete it by digitally adding in background images or footage. Stephen Colbert of The Colbert Report, having recently asked fans to do the same with a video of him with a light saber in front of a green screen, brought up The Decemberists on his segment \"Look Who's Riding on My Coattails Now\" and accused the band of stealing the idea. The Decemberists' response was to challenge Stephen Colbert to a guitar solo showdown on December 20, 2006, on The Colbert Report.On January 19, 2007, The Decemberists premiered an alternate music video of \"O Valencia!\", directed by Aaron Stewart-Ahn, on MTV2. The video follows a character named Patrick, played by Meloy, as he and his love Francesca (Lisa Molinaro), daughter of \"the Boss\", plan an escape to an unknown location. At a cafe, a man in a suit, portrayed by the band member Chris Funk, tells him to hide in the \"Valencia\" hotel (the Super Value Inn on North Interstate Avenue in Portland, Oregon) while he gets them the necessary documentation to escape. Above the name of the hotel, there is a neon sign that reads \"Office\". The letters have all burnt out except for the \"O\", creating the title of the song. The video then introduces other characters - various assassination teams - who sit in different rooms of the hotel waiting for the chance to catch the two lovers. Most are portrayed by other members of the band (along with Meloy's wife, Carson Ellis). They kill off any potential witnesses to their plan. Patrick manages to take down one member from each team, before they gang up on him. The Boss arrives, along with the man from the cafe, who reveals that he snitched on Patrick and Francesca. They execute Francesca, while forcing Patrick to watch. After they leave, Patrick finds a note by Francesca, which reveals that she never fell in love with him, and only wanted protection. 2 months later, Patrick and the man, who has lost an eye from a previous assassination attempt, have a sit-down at the same cafe. The man reveals that he snitched on Patrick just to take over the town. Patrick reveals that he poisoned a drink the man was having, but before he could get away, the man stabs Patrick in the neck with a fork before dying, followed by Patrick.The video is somewhat influenced by the distinct style and themes of director Wes Anderson, with bold fonts being used to introduce characters and groups on the bottom of the screen (much like in the film The Royal Tenenbaums). The band had previously (and more explicitly) drawn influence from Anderson's Rushmore in their video for \"Sixteen Military Wives\". The layout of the hotel is also similar to the one used in Bottle Rocket.Kurt Nishimura was chosen as the winner by mtvU for his video that depicted a love affair between a woman and her television, with the TV containing the green-screened Decemberists video footage.Passage 2:Obata ToramoriObata Toramori (\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000, 1491 – July 14, 1561) was Japanese samurai warrior of the Sengoku Period. He is known as one of the \"Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen\" He also recorded as having been wounded 41 times in 36 encounters. He was the father of Obata Masamori.See alsoIsao ObataPassage 3:Billy MilanoBilly Milano (born June 3, 1964) is an American heavy metal and hardcore punk musician. He is the singer and occasionally guitarist and bassist of crossover thrash band M.O.D., and was the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death. Prior to these bands, Milano played in early New York hardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the career of future Agnostic Front vocalist Roger Miret. Milano was also the singer of United Forces, which included his Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Dan Lilker. Milano managed a number of bands, including Agnostic Front, for whom he also co-produced the 1997 Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give and roadie for Anthrax.DiscographyStormtroopers of Death albumsStormtroopers of Death videosMethod of Destruction (M.O.D.)MasteryPassage 4:Lars EliassonLars Eliasson  (December 8, 1914 – June 5, 2002) was a Swedish politician. He was a member of the Centre Party. He was the party's "}
{"doc_id":"doc_185","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Polly of the MoviesPolly of the Movies is a 1927 American silent comedy film directed by ScottPembroke and starring Jason Robards, Gertrude Short and Corliss Palmer. It is loosely based on HarryLeon Wilson's 1922 novel Merton of the Movies and its various film adaptations.SynopsisA small town girlgoes to Hollywood with ambitions of becoming major dramatic star. However, the melodrama sheappears in is unintentionally amusing and becomes a comedy hit.CastJason Robards as AngusWhitcombGertrude Short as Polly PrimroseCorliss Palmer as Lisa SmithStuart Holmes as BenjaminWellington FairmountJack Richardson as Rolland HarrisonRose Dione as Lulu FairmountMary Foy as Mrs.BeardsleyPassage 2:The Muppets Go to the MoviesThe Muppets Go to the Movies is a one-hour televisionspecial starring Jim Henson's Muppets. It first aired May 20, 1981 on ABC as promotion for The GreatMuppet Caper, which was released in the United States a month later.PlotWith the aid of Dudley Mooreand Lily Tomlin, Kermit the Frog and the Muppets show spoofs of different movies at the MuppetTheatre.The special opens with a 20th Century Frog logo. The Announcer (Jerry Nelson) provides anintroduction over clips from the special.Kermit comes onstage to introduce the show, informing theaudience that the Muppets plan on paying tribute to some of their favorite movies.The Muppet companyperform \"Hey, a Movie!\" from The Great Muppet Caper.Fozzie Bear introduces a spoof of The ThreeMusketeers. Statler and Waldorf attempt to leave, but are stopped by elastic ropes tied around theirankles. Gonzo the Great, Scooter and Link Hogthrob play Athos, Porthos and Gummo, out to defeat TheScarlet Pimpernel. Link flies on a chandelier, thus landing him backstage, and onto Miss Piggy, who reactswith her famous karate chop, thus sending him flying back onstage, and onto Kermit during anintroduction for the next parody.The sketch Invasion of the Unpleasant Things from Outer Space hasDudley Moore and Lily Tomlin facing giant alien rats. In addition to sci-fi films, the parody also pokes funat international cinema. Moore speaks in a foreign language, accompanied by English subtitles.Janiceintroduces her favorite film The Wizard of Oz. She mentions that she likes the Land of Oz and might movethere. When Janice is about to mention the part of Dorothy Gale, Piggy's voice is heard saying \"I'm notready.\" Janice attempts to fill in, but Piggy arrives just in time. As the scene begins, Piggy (as Dorothy)and Foo-Foo (as Toto) start out in black and white. Piggy sings \"Somewhere Over the Rainbow\". When itchanges to color, she is joined by Scooter as the Scarecrow, Gonzo as the Tin Man, and Fozzie Bear asthe Cowardly Lion in a rendition of \"If I Only Had a Brain/a Heart/the Nerve\" and \"We're Off to See theWizard\".Gonzo introduces Metro-Goldwyn-Bear's The Fool of the Roman Empire. Moore portrays a jazzpiano-playing Julius Caesar. Moore plays a melody on the piano, while Gonzo, Beauregard and LewZealand have a chariot race. Gonzo's chariot is pulled by a chicken, Beauregard's by rats, and Lew's by ashark.Backstage, Rizzo complains to Kermit about the previous sketch, claiming that it was an insult torats. Rizzo and his rat buddies try to convince Kermit to put them in a glamorous rat production number.Kermit tells the rats that the Muppets have already done a similar production number in The GreatMuppet Caper, showing a clip, featuring \"The First Time It Happens\".Lily Tomlin attempts to flirt withKermit, but Piggy interrupts them. Kermit suggests that Tomlin introduce the horror genre. DespiteTomlin's insistence that she's not a fan, she's attacked by a group of Muppet monsters. In J. Arthur Link'sThe Nephew of Frankenstein, Fozzie visits his uncle (played by Dr. Julius Strangepork) who is working ona comedian monster (played by Mulch). They attempt to do a \"Hot Cross Bunnies\" joke. The experimentblows Mulch up and burns the film screen. Firefighters are called, but joke that they are unable to put outa fire that was caused in the 19th Century as \"our hoses won't reach!\". The segment ends with Kermitparodying Porky Pig's \"That's all folks!\" line.Rowlf the Dog presents a silent film featuring Kermit andSopwith the Camel. Mulch drops in, finally getting the \"Hot Cross Bunnies\" joke.Sam Eagle comes totranslate a film by famed Swedish filmmaker Ingmar Bergman. Floyd Pepper informs Sam that the filmisn't by Ingmar, but by his brother Gummo. The film Silent Strawberries parodies Bergman's filmography.It features The Swedish Chef, Beaker (as \"The Angel of Death\"), Fozzie and Kermit. As the film is not inEnglish, Sam has to translate. Much to Sam's disgust, the translations make absolutely no sense. The filmends with a rendition of \"Hooray for Hollywood\". Waldorf claims he doesn't believe in \"The Angel of"}
{"doc_id":"doc_186","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is anIrish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in theUnited States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigningDecember 31, 2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He wasthe director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia(Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States afterleaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October 2010 hebecame the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as theexecutive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career in IrelandKennedy wasborn in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989)degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history.He worked in theIrish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at theChester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department ofFinance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was Assistant Director at the NationalGallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historiansfrom 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003. InSeptember 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery of Australia(NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged forseveral major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itselfand oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years ofthe museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, BettyChurcher, on showing \"blockbuster\" exhibitions.During his directorship, the NGA gained governmentsupport for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship. However,the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the originalarchitect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure,with a significantly altered design completed some years later.  Private funding supported twoacquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud'sAfter Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring theHolmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints,screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive. He was also notable forcampaigning for the construction of a new \"front\" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace,which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above).Kennedy's cancellation of the\"Sensation exhibition\" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial,and seen by some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being \"too closeto the market\" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of aspeculative art investor. However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which couldhave raised similar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists worksbelonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn. Its mostcontroversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and wasaccused of being blasphemous. The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against theexhibition, claiming it was \"Catholic-bashing\" and an \"aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion.\"In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had\"obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art\". He has said that it \"was the toughestdecision of my professional life, so far.\"Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of arange of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA'soccupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioningsystem. The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003. Kennedy announced in 2002 that he wouldnot seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two"}
{"doc_id":"doc_187","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Jack Shea (director)Jack Shea (August 1, 1928 – April 28, 2013) was an American film andtelevision director. He was the president of the Directors Guild of America from 1997 to 2002.Life andcareerBorn John Francis Shea, Jr., Shea's father was a traveling salesman and his mother a bookkeeper.He received a parochial high school education, later attaining a degree in history from FordhamUniversity. Shea broke into the entertainment industry in 1951, initially as a stage manager for the TVseries Philco Playhouse, and, following two years of service with the United States Air Force, serving from1952 to 1954, during the Korean War, making instructional films in Los Angeles, and later becoming anassociate director.Among the TV shows he contributed to during this period include The Jerry Lewis Showand The Bob Hope Specials, where he later shared a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for in 1961. Bythe late 1950s, Shea had become instrumental in forming the Radio and Television Directors Guild(merged with the Screen Directors Guild in 1960 to form The Directors Guild of America) and was astrong voice for the hiring of minorities in the industry. During the 1970s, he began an association withproducers Bud Yorkin and Norman Lear, directing episodes from two of their projects in the 1970s, theseries Sanford and Son and The Jeffersons (110 episodes for the latter). Among his other credits includeThe Waltons, Silver Spoons (91 episodes), Growing Pains and Designing Women, the last earning him asecond Primetime Emmy Award nomination. From 1997 until 2002, he served as president of theDirectors Guild.A lifelong Catholic, Shea was a co-founder, with his wife Patt and other prominentCatholics in the Hollywood entertainment community, of the Hollywood-based Catholics in MediaAssociates (CIMA), which he was also past president of. Shea and Patt Shea jointly received the CIMALifetime Achievement Award in 2002 from the organization of Catholic entertainment industryprofessionals which celebrates its 20th anniversary in 2013. Shea was also a former member of theUnited States Conference of Catholic Bishops Committee for Communications.Personal life and familyOnJanuary 2, 1954, Shea married the former Patricia C. Carmody, who, later known as Patt Shea, became athree-time Humanitas Award-nominated screenwriter whose credits include the CBS-TV series All in theFamily, story editor and/or writer for 38 episodes of Archie Bunker's Place, in addition to screenwriter forepisodes of Lou Grant, Valerie, Cagney & Lacey, In The Heat of The Night, Bagdad Café, and the CBS pilotfor Gloria, Sally Struthers’ spin-off from the popular All In The Family TV series, among many othertelevision series. The couple, who resided in Studio City, CA for over 30 years, have five children, three ofwhom are currently DGA members* and 1st Assistant Directors*: Shawn Shea*; Elizabeth (nowdeceased); William (“Bill”) Shea*; Michael J. Shea* and John Francis (“Jay”) Shea III.DeathShea died ofcomplications from Alzheimer's disease.Passage 2:Mark Lewis (filmmaker)Mark Lewis is an Australiandocumentary film and television producer, director and writer. He is famous for his film Cane Toads: AnUnnatural History and for his body of work on animals. Unlike many other producers of nature films, hisfilms do not attempt to document the animals in question or their behaviors but rather the complexrelationships between people and society and the animals they interact with.His films have earned himmany awards, including a British Academy Award nomination, a nomination from the Directors Guild ofAmerica, two Emmy's for Outstanding Direction in documentary film, and an Emmy Award forOutstanding Science Program on American Television.As a student Lewis helped planning Philippe Petit'sfamous 1974 high-wire walk between the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center. He talks about hisinvolvement in the acclaimed documentary Man on Wire (2008).Filmography(2010) Cane Toads: TheConquest(2007) The Pursuit of Excellence(2006) The Floating Brothel(2006) The Standard of Perfection:Show Cats(2006) The Standard of Perfection - Show Cattle(2000) The Natural History of theChicken(1999) Animalicious(1998) Rat(1994) Gordy.(1990) The Wonderful World of Dogs(1989) Roundthe Twist(1988) Cane Toads: An Unnatural HistoryPassage 3:John WatersJohn Samuel Waters Jr. (bornApril 22, 1946) is an American filmmaker, writer, actor, and artist. He rose to fame in the early 1970s forhis transgressive cult films, including Multiple Maniacs (1970), Pink Flamingos (1972) and Female Trouble(1974). He wrote and directed the comedy film Hairspray (1988), which became an international successand was later adapted into a hit Broadway musical and a 2007 musical film. He has written and directed"}
{"doc_id":"doc_188","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Greg A. Hill (artist)Greg A. Hill is a Canadian-born First Nations artist and curator. He isKanyen'kehà:ka Mohawk, from Six Nations of the Grand River Territory, Ontario.Early lifeHill was bornand raised in Fort Erie, Ontario.Art careerHis work as a multidisciplinary artist focuses primarily oninstallation, performance and digital imaging and explores issues of his Mohawk and French-Canadianidentity through the prism of colonialism, nationalism and concepts of place and community.Hill has beenexhibiting his work since 1989, with solo exhibitions and performance works across Canada as well asgroup exhibitions in North America and abroad. His work can be found in the collections of the CanadaCouncil, the Indian Art Centre, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, the Canadian Native Arts Foundation(now Indspire), the Woodland Cultural Center, the City of Ottawa, the Ottawa Art Gallery and theInternational Museum of Electrography.Curatorial careerHill serves as the Audain Senior Curator ofIndigenous Art at the National Gallery of Canada.Awards and honoursIn 2018, Hill received the IndspireAward for Arts.Passage 2:John McMahon (Surrey and Somerset cricketer)John William Joseph McMahon(28 December 1917 – 8 May 2001) was an Australian-born first-class cricketer who played for Surrey andSomerset County Cricket Clubs in England from 1947 to 1957.Surrey cricketerMcMahon was an orthodoxleft-arm spin bowler with much variation in speed and flight who was spotted by Surrey playing in clubcricket in North London and brought on to the county's staff for the 1947 season at the age of 29. In thefirst innings of his first match, against Lancashire at The Oval, he took five wickets for 81 runs.In his firstfull season, 1948, he was Surrey's leading wicket-taker and in the last home game of the season he wasawarded his county cap – he celebrated by taking eight Northamptonshire wickets for 46 runs at TheOval, six of them coming in the space of 6.3 overs for seven runs. This would remain the best bowlingperformance of his first-class career, not surpassed, but he did equal it seven years later. In the followinggame, the last away match of the season, he took 10 Hampshire wickets for 150 runs in the match atBournemouth. In the 1948 season as a whole, he took 91 wickets at an average of 28.07. As a tail-endleft-handed batsman, he managed just 93 runs in the season at an average of 4.22.The emergence ofTony Lock as a slow left-arm bowler in 1949 brought a stuttering end of McMahon's Surrey career.Though he played in 12 first-class matches in the 1949 season, McMahon took only 19 wickets; a similarnumber of matches in 1950 brought 34 wickets. In 1951, he played just seven times and in 1952 onlythree times. In 1953, Lock split the first finger of his left hand, and played in only 11 of Surrey's CountyChampionship matches; McMahon played as his deputy in 14 Championship matches, though a measureof their comparative merits was that Lock's 11 games produced 67 wickets at 12.38 runs apiece, whileMcMahon's 14 games brought him 45 wickets at the, for him, low average of 21.53. At the end of the1953 season, McMahon was allowed to leave Surrey to join Somerset, then languishing at the foot of theCounty Championship and recruiting widely from other counties and other countries.SomersetcricketerSomerset's slow bowling in 1954 was in the hands of leg-spinner Johnny Lawrence, with supportfrom the off-spin of Jim Hilton while promising off-spinner Brian Langford was on national service.McMahon filled a vacancy for a left-arm orthodox spinner that had been there since the retirement ofHorace Hazell at the end of the 1952 season; Hazell's apparent successor, Roy Smith, had failed torealise his promise as a bowler in 1953, though his batting had advanced significantly.McMahon instantlybecame a first-team regular and played in almost every match during his four years with the county, notmissing a single Championship game until he was controversially dropped from the side in August 1957,after which he did not play in the Championship again.In the 1954 season, McMahon, alongside fellownewcomer Hilton, was something of a disappointment, according to Wisden: \"The new spin bowlers,McMahon and Hilton, did not attain to the best standards of their craft in a wet summer, yet, like the restof the attack, they would have fared better with reasonable support in the field and from their ownbatsmen,\" it said. McMahon took 85 wickets at an average of 27.47 (Hilton took only 42 at a higheraverage). His best match was against Essex at Weston-super-Mare where he took six for 96 in the firstinnings and five for 45 in the second to finish with match figures of 11 for 141, which were the best of hiscareer. He was awarded his county cap in the 1954 season, but Somerset remained at the bottom of the"}
{"doc_id":"doc_189","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Kaya AlpKaya Alp (Ottoman Turkish: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000, lit. 'Brave Rock') was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kızıl Buğa or Basuk and the father of Suleyman Shah. He was the grandfather of Ertuğrul Ghazi, the father of the founder of the Ottoman Empire, Osman I. He was also famously known for being the successing name of Ertokus Bey’s son Kaya Alp. He was a descendant of the ancestor of his tribe, Kayı son of Gun son of Oghuz Khagan, the legendary progenitor of the Oghuz Turks.Passage 2:Abd al-MuttalibShayba ibn Hāshim (Arabic: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000; c. 497–578), better known as \u0000Abd al-Mu\u0000\u0000alib, (Arabic: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, lit. 'Servant of Muttalib') was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation. He was the grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.Early lifeHis father was Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf,: 81 the progenitor of the distinguished Banu Hashim, a clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca. They claimed descent from Ismā'īl and Ibrāhīm. His mother was Salma bint Amr, from the Banu Najjar, a clan of the Khazraj tribe in Yathrib (later called Madinah). Hashim died while doing business in Gaza, before Abd al-Muttalib was born.: 81 His real name was \"Shaiba\" meaning 'the ancient one' or 'white-haired' because of the streak of white through his jet-black hair, and is sometimes also called Shaybah al-\u0000amd (\"The white streak of praise\").: 81–82 After his father's death he was raised in Yathrib with his mother and her family until about the age of eight, when his uncle Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf went to see him and asked his mother Salmah to entrust Shaybah to his care. Salmah was unwilling to let her son go and Shaiba refused to leave his mother without her consent. Mu\u0000\u0000alib then pointed out that the possibilities Yathrib had to offer were incomparable to Mecca. Salmah was impressed with his arguments, so she agreed to let him go. Upon first arriving in Mecca, the people assumed the unknown child was Muttalib's servant and started calling him 'Abd al-Muttalib (\"servant of Muttalib\").: 85–86Chieftain of Hashim clanWhen Mu\u0000\u0000alib died, Shaiba succeeded him as the chief of the Hāshim clan. Following his uncle Al-Mu\u0000\u0000alib, he took over the duties of providing the pilgrims with food and water, and carried on the practices of his forefathers with his people. He attained such eminence as none of his forefathers enjoyed; his people loved him and his reputation was great among them.: 61 'Umar ibn Al-Kha\u0000\u0000āb's grandfather Nufayl ibn Abdul Uzza arbitrated in a dispute between 'Abdul-Mu\u0000\u0000alib and \u0000arb ibn Umayyah, Abu Sufyan's father, over the custodianship of the Kaaba. Nufayl gave his verdict in favour of 'Abdul-Mu\u0000\u0000alib. Addressing \u0000arb ibn Umayyah, he said:Why do you pick a quarrel with a person who is taller than you in stature; more imposing than you in appearance; more refined than you in intellect; whose progeny outnumbers yours and whose generosity outshines yours in lustre? Do not, however, construe this into any disparagement of your good qualities which I highly appreciate. You are as gentle as a lamb, you are renowned throughout Arabia for the stentorian tones of your voice, and you are an asset to your tribe.Discovery of Zam Zam Well'Abdul-Mu\u0000\u0000alib said that while sleeping in the sacred enclosure, he had dreamed he was ordered to dig at the worship place of the Quraysh between the two deities Isāf and Nā'ila. There he would find the Zamzam Well, which the Jurhum tribe had filled in when they left Mecca. The Quraysh tried to stop him digging in that spot, but his son Al-\u0000ārith stood guard until they gave up their protests. After three days of digging, 'Abdul-Mu\u0000\u0000alib found traces of an ancient religious well and exclaimed, \"Allahuakbar!\" Some of the Quraysh disputed his claim to sole rights over water, then one of them suggested that they go to a female shaman who lived afar. It was said that she could summon jinns and that she could help them decide who was the owner of the well. So, 11 people from the 11 tribes went on the expedition. They had to cross the desert to meet the priestess but then they got lost. There was a lack of food and water and people started to lose hope of ever getting out. One of them suggested that they dig their own graves and if they died, the last person standing would bury the others. So all began digging their own graves and just as Abdul-Mu\u0000\u0000alib started digging, water spewed out from the hole he dug and everyone became overjoyed. It was then and there decided that Abdul-Muttalib was the owner of the Zam Zam well. Thereafter he supplied pilgrims to the Kaaba with Zam Zam water, which soon eclipsed all the other wells in Mecca because it was considered sacred.: 86–89 : 62–65The Year of the ElephantAccording to Muslim tradition, the Ethiopian governor of Yemen, Abrahah al-Ashram, envied the Kaaba's reverence among the "}
{"doc_id":"doc_190","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Mona Hopton BellMona Hopton Bell (1867–1940) was a British artist, best known for her portraits of civic figures.She was the grandmother of the painter Jean H. Bell.Passage 2:Purnima (Hindi actress)Purnima Das Verma (born Meherbhano Mohammad Ali; 2 March 1934 — 14 August 2013) was an Indian actress who worked predominantly in Hindi-language films. She was the aunt of director Mahesh Bhatt and grandmother of actor Emraan Hashmi.Personal lifeMeherbano Mohammad Ali was born on 2 March 1934. Her elder sister, Shirin, is the mother of directors Mahesh Bhatt and Mukesh Bhatt. Meherbano's first husband was a journalist named Syed Shauqat Hashmi, who moved to Pakistan during the end of colonial rule in South Asia when Pakistan and India were created as new states by the British as they decolonized. Her son from this first marriage, Anwar Hashmi (father of Emraan Hashmi), acted in Baharon Ke Manzil (1968) opposite Farida Jalal. In 1954, she married for the second time with filmmaker Bhagwan Das Varma. Meherbano took the screen name 'Purnima' when she entered the film industry.CareerPurnima acted in more than 80 Bollywood films. She was a popular actress in Hindi films from late '40s to '50s. She appeared in many films including Patanga (1949), Jogan (1950), Sagai (1951), Jaal (1952), Aurat (1953), a role in Ajay Devgan's debut film Phool Aur Kaante, and the role of Sanjay Dutt's on-screen grandmother in Naam which was directed by Mahesh Bhatt (Purnima's elder sister's son). She also played the role of Amitabh Bachchan's mother in the film Zanjeer.DeathPurnima had Alzheimer's disease during the last few years of her life and died on 14 August 2013. Mahesh Bhatt later revealed on Twitter, \"My aunt Purnima, the first star of our family and who happens to be Emraan Hashmi's grandmother has entered the sunset moments of her life.\".Selected filmographyPassage 3:Hannah ArnoldHannah Arnold may refer to:Hannah Arnold (née Waterman) (c.1705–1758), mother of Benedict ArnoldHannah Arnold (beauty queen) (born 1996), Filipino-Australian model and beauty pageant titleholderPassage 4:Kaoru HatoyamaKaoru Hatoyama (\u0000\u0000 \u0000, Hatoyama Kaoru, 21 November 1888 – 15 August 1982) was an educator and an administrator, the schoolmaster of Kyoritsu Women's University, which was founded by her mother-in-law, Haruko Hatoyama. She is well known as the wife of Ichirō Hatoyama, who was the 52nd–54th Prime Minister of Japan, serving terms from December 10, 1954 through December 23, 1956. She was the mother of Iichirō Hatoyama, who was Japan's Foreign Minister from 1976 through 1977.After the elections of 2009, she became more widely known as the grandmother of Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama and his politician brother Kunio Hatoyama.See alsoHatoyama Hall (Hatoyama Kaikan)NotesPassage 5:Anne DenmanAnne Denman (1587–1661) was born in Olde Hall, Retford, Nottinghamshire. Through a second marriage with Thomas Aylesbury, she became the grandmother of Lady Anne Hyde, Duchess of York and great-grandmother of Queen Mary II and Queen Anne.Early lifeAnne was born in Olde Hall, West Retford in around 1587. She was the younger daughter of Francis Denman of Retford and Anne (Blount) Denman. Francis (born c. 1531, died 1599) was the rector of West Retford, Notts from 1578. He was the second son of Anne Hercy by her first husband, Nicholas Denman esq of East Retford, Notts. Francis had several sons who pre-deceased him and left two daughters as his heirs: Barbara (born c. 1583) who married Edward Darell (born c. 1582); and Anne.Anne's nephew, Dr John Darrell, was the youngest child of Barbara Denman and Edward Darell, and inherited substantial properties from both the Denman and Darell families. In 1665 just before his death he made a will dividing his estate between three charities. He donated the childhood home of Anne and Barbara, Olde Hall, to create a hospital for elderly men (an alms house), which became the site for Trinity Hospital, Retford (a Grade II listed building).MarriagesAnne was married at 20 and left a widow at 23 after the death of her first husband William, the younger son of Sir Thomas Darell. William was the half-brother of her sister Barbara's husband Edward.Anne left Retford due to some unknown trouble, or loss of fortune, in 1610 and proceeded to London by waggon-coach. Wilmshurst (1908) records that there had been a lawsuit between the two sisters in 1605.After reaching London, Anne is said to have halted at a hostel called the 'Goat and Compasses', where she rested before looking out for an occupation suitable for a country lady of good birth and family. The owner (not the landlord) of the hostel was Mr Thomas Aylesbury, a rich brewer of the Parish of St Andrew's, Holborn who happened to be making an inspection of his 'Houses' and required a "}
{"doc_id":"doc_191","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Richard T. JonesRichard Timothy Jones (born January 16, 1972) is an American actor. He hasworked extensively in both film and television productions since the early 1990s. His television rolesinclude Ally McBeal (1997), Judging Amy (1998–2005), CSI: Miami (2006), Girlfriends (2007), Grey'sAnatomy (2010), Hawaii Five-0 (2011–2014), Narcos (2015), and Criminal Minds (2017). Since 2018, hehas played Police Sergeant Wade Grey on the ABC police drama The Rookie.His film roles includeportrayals of Lamont Carr in Disney's Full Court Miracle (2003), Laveinio \"Slim\" Hightower in RickFamuyiwa's coming-of-age film The Wood (1999), Mike in Tyler Perry's dramatic films Why Did I GetMarried? (2007) and Why Did I Get Married Too? (2010), and Captain Russell Hampton in the Hollywoodblockbuster Godzilla (2014).Early lifeJones was born in Kobe, Japan, to American parents and grew up inCarson, California. He is the son of Lorene, a computer analyst, and Clarence Jones, a professionalbaseball player who at the time of Jones' birth was playing for the Nankai Hawks in Osaka. He has anolder brother, Clarence Jones Jr., who works as a high school basketball coach. They would return toNorth America after Clarence's retirement following the 1978 season. His parents later divorced. Jonesattended Bishop Montgomery High School in Torrance, California, then graduated from TuskegeeUniversity.CareerSince the early 1990s, Jones has worked in both film and television productions.His firsttelevision role was in a 1993 episode of the series California Dreams. That same year, he appeared as IkeTurner, Jr. in What's Love Got to Do with It. From 1999 to 2005, he starred as Bruce Calvin van Exel inthe CBS legal drama series Judging Amy.Over the next two decades, Jones starred or guest-starred inhigh-profile television series such as Ally McBeal (1997), CSI: Miami (2006), Girlfriends (2007), Grey'sAnatomy (2010), Hawaii Five-0 (2011–2014), Narcos (2015), and Criminal Minds (2017).His film rolesinclude portrayals of Lamont Carr in the Disney film Full Court Miracle (2003), Laveinio \"Slim\" Hightowerin Rick Famuyiwa's coming-of-age film The Wood (1999), and Mike in Tyler Perry's dramatic films WhyDid I Get Married? (2007) and Why Did I Get Married Too? (2010), and Captain Russell Hampton in theHollywood blockbuster Godzilla (2014).From 2017 to 2018, Jones played Detective Tommy Cavanaugh inthe CBS drama series Wisdom of the Crowd.Since February 2018, Jones has played the role of SergeantWade Gray in the ABC police procedural drama series The Rookie with Nathan Fillion.Personal lifeJoshuaMedia Ministries claims that its leader, David E. Taylor, mentors Jones in ministry, and that Jones hasdonated $1 million to its efforts.FilmographyFilmTelevisionPassage 2:Dana BlanksteinDanaBlankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of the Sam Spiegel Film and TelevisionSchool. She was appointed by the board of directors  in November 2019.  Previously she was the CEO ofthe Israeli Academy of Film and Television. She is a film director, and an Israeli cultureentrepreneur.BiographyDana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatre director Dedi Baronand Professor Alexander Blankstein. She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv.Blanksteingraduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with high honors. Duringher studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina's Tragedies andto Renen Schorr on his film The Loners.  She also directed and shot 'the making of' film on Gavison's filmLost and Found. Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival, 2007.Filmand academic careerAfter her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and television department atthe Kfar Saba municipality. The department encouraged and promoted productions filmed in the city ofKfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educational community activities.Blanksteindirected the mini-series \"Tel Aviviot\" (2012). From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy ofFilm and Television.In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed the new director of the SamSpiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees the Sam Spiegel International Film Lab. In2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and the film preparatory program for Arabicspeakers in east Jerusalem.FilmographyTel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)Growing Pains(graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)Camping (debut film, Sam Spiegel;director and screenwriter, 2006)Passage 3:Lamman RuckerLamman Rucker  (born October 6, 1971) is anAmerican actor. Rucker began his career on the daytime soap operas As the World Turns and All My"}
{"doc_id":"doc_192","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Tomáš HudečekTomáš Hudeček (born 10 May 1979 in Olomouc) is a Czech university (assoc.)professor and former politician. He is currently the head of the Department of Public Administration andRegional Studies at the Masaryk Institute of Advanced Studies of the Czech Technical University inPrague, a former local (non-party) politician and the Mayor of the Capital City of Prague. He is married,has three sons, lives alternately in Prague and Ostrava.In 2010 he was elected to the Municipal Assemblyin Prague as a candidate of the TOP 09 party.  On 24 November 2011 he became a member of theexecutive council of Prague and the Deputy Mayor of Bohuslav Svoboda. Hudeček was elected deputymayor of Prague between 24 November 2011 and 23 May 2013, then deputy mayor with theresponsibilities of Mayor during the flooding of May and June 2013 days in Prague, and Mayor of Praguebetween 20 June 2013 and 26 October 2014.Passage 2:A Trial in PragueA Trial in Prague is an 83 mincolour documentary film directed by Zuzana Justman, about the Slánský trial, a high-profile show trial in1952 Communist Czechoslovakia.ContentAt the height of the Cold War, an infamous political show trial,known as the Slánský trial, took place in Czechoslovakia. In 1952, 14 leading Communists, includingRudolf Slánský, the second most powerful man in the country, were tried on charges of high treason andespionage. Although they were innocent of the charges, they confessed and were convicted. Most of themen were hanged, but three received life sentences. Eleven of the fourteen were Jews.The film tells thestory of the trial and the paranoia of the period through testimonies, trial footage, archival films andextensive documentation. Among the people who appear in the film are Lise London, whose late husbandArtur London was one of the defendants and wrote about the trial in a widely published memoir \"TheConfession;\" Eduard Goldstucker, a Kafka scholar and the first Czech ambassador to Israel who was jailedand forced to testify at the trial; and Jan Kavan, the former Czech Minister of Foreign Affairs, whosefather, also a trial witness, died shortly after his release from prison.What led these men to theirpassionate belief in Communism and why did they publicly confess to crimes they did not commit?  Thefilm explores the questions, as well as the role of Moscow, the motives for the trial and its anti-Semiticthrust. It deals with the personal stories of the condemned men and the legacy they left their children,who \"feel a need to live out the interrupted lives of their fathers\".Comments\"Sensitive, intelligent &moving … shows the human face of both communism and its victims\" - New York Times \"Harrowing andenlightening, a tale that even Kafka would find hard to imagine\" (Boston Phoenix).\"Measured,informative…neatly structured\" (Variety).“The film is as compelling for these painful details as for thetough-minded analysis that ties them together.” ( The Village Voice)“Powerful, important and refreshinglystraightforward documentary.” (New York Post)SourcesSlánská, Josefa (1969). Report On My Husband.London: Hutchinson. ISBN 0-09-097320-8.London, Artur (1971). Confession. USA: Ballantine Books.ISBN 0-345-22170-2.Margolius, Ivan (2006). Reflections of Prague: Journeys through the 20th century.Chichester: Wiley. ISBN 0-470-02219-1.Kaplan, Karel (1990). Report on the Murder of the GeneralSecretary. London: I. B. Tauris & Co. ISBN 1-85043-211-2.Heda Margolius Kovaly (1997) Under a CruelStar: A life in Prague 1941-1968 (ISBN 0-8419-1377-3).Passage 3:Vojtěch PetráčekVojtěch Petráček(born 17 February 1964 in Prague) is a Czech nuclear physicist and University Lecturer. Since February2018, He has also been the rector of the Czech Technical University in Prague (CVUT) inPrague.EducationAfter attending the Nad Štolou Grammar School in the Letnány, Petráček studiedmathematics and physics from 1982 at the Charles University, obtaining a doctorate in 1987.CareerIn2014 he unsuccessfully ran in the Rectorate election of the ČVUT, but in 2017 he was elected and at theend of January, 2018 he was appointed to this position by the Czech President Miloš Zeman with effectfrom 1. February 2018.PublicationsVojtěch Petráček, as of 2018, has published 117 articles.Passage4:Henry Kolowrat Jr.Henry Kolowrat (Czech: Jindřich Kolowrat; August 25, 1933 – March 16, 2021) wasan American fencer. He was born in Prague into a noble Kolowrat family. He moved with his parents tothe United States in 1948 after the communist coup d'état in Czechoslovakia. He became a U.S. citizen in1956. He competed in the team épée event at the 1960 Summer Olympics.Passage 5:ZuzanaJustmanZuzana Justman, born Zuzana Pick (born 20 June 1931), is a Czech-American maker of"}
{"doc_id":"doc_193","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Sarre Anglo-Saxon cemeterySarre Anglo-Saxon cemetery is a place of burial that was used inthe sixth and seventh centuries CE.BackgroundWith the advent of the Anglo-Saxon period in the fifthcentury CE, the area that became Kent underwent a radical transformation on a political, social, andphysical level. In the preceding era of Roman Britain, the area had been administered as the civitas ofCantiaci, a part of the Roman Empire, but following the collapse of Roman rule in 410 CE, many signs ofRomano-British society began to disappear, replaced by those of the ascendant Anglo-Saxon culture.Later Anglo-Saxon accounts attribute this change to the widescale invasion of Germanic language tribesfrom northern Europe, namely the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. Archaeological and toponymic evidenceshows that there was a great deal of syncretism, with Anglo-Saxon culture interacting and mixing withthe Romano-British culture.The Old English term Kent first appears in the Anglo-Saxon period, and wasbased on the earlier Celtic-language name Cantii. Initially applied only to the area east of the RiverMedway, by the end of the sixth century it also referred to areas to the west of it. The Kingdom of Kentwas the first recorded Anglo-Saxon kingdom to appear in the historical record, and by the end of sixthcentury, it had become a significant political power, exercising hegemony over large parts of southernand eastern Britain. At the time, Kent had strong trade links with Francia, while the Kentish royal familymarried members of Francia's Merovingian dynasty, who were already Christian. Kentish King Æthelberhtwas the overlord of various neighbouring kingdoms when he converted to Christianity in the earlyseventh century as a result of Augustine of Canterbury and the Gregorian mission, who had been sent byPope Gregory to replace England's pagan beliefs with Christianity. It was in this context that the Polhillcemetery was in use.Kent has a wealth of Early Medieval funerary archaeology. The earliest excavation ofAnglo-Saxon Kentish graves was in the 17th century, when antiquarians took an increasing interest in thematerial remains of the period. In the ensuing centuries, antiquarian interest gave way to moremethodical archaeological investigation, and prominent archaeologists like Bryan Faussett, JamesDouglas, Cecil Brent, George Payne, and Charles Roach Smith \"dominated\" archaeological research inKent.Archaeological investigationThe existence of Sarre was not noted by any of the early antiquarianswho studied the Anglo-Saxon cemeteries of Kent. Sarre cemetery was discovered in 1843, andre-examined in 1860, when a number of artefacts were discovered during construction work at Sarrewindmill, subsequently being purchased by the British Museum. It was excavated in 1863 by the KentArchaeological Society, in a project directed by John Brent, who published his findings in the ArchaeologiaCantiana journal. Aided by two workmen, he used a metal probe to determine the locations of thegraves.After this excavation, which was believed to have been total, the cemetery was relegated to \"thehistory of archaeology\", being considered “arguably the richest Anglo-Saxon burial ground yetdiscovered”. It was not scheduled as an Ancient Monument.In 1982, an excavation of the supposed siteof St. Giles took place under the directorship of D.R.J. Perkins, revealing Anglo-Saxon graves around 50metres away from Brent's excavated area. This led Perkins to review the original cemetery plan, andundertake aerial photography of the site; this suggested that there were various features that Brent hadnot revealed, and that the cemetery was larger than previously believed. It was decided that furtherexcavation of the site was necessary, with the cooperation of the landowners, Church Commissioners, aswell as the local farmer, Michael Baxter.In May 1991, Southern Water commenced a sewage constructionnear the site, and funded a rescue excavation of the area from the Trust for Thanet Archaeology.SeealsoList of Anglo-Saxon cemeteriesBuckland Anglo-Saxon cemeteryFinglesham Anglo-Saxon cemeteryMillHill Anglo-Saxon cemeteryPassage 2:William Rockhill NelsonWilliam Rockhill Nelson (March 7, 1841 –April 13, 1915) was an American real estate developer and co-founder of The Kansas City Star in KansasCity, Missouri.  He donated his estate (and home) for the establishment of the Nelson-Atkins Museum ofArt.He is buried at Mt. Washington Cemetery with his wife, daughter and son-in-law.Early lifeNelson wasborn in Fort Wayne, Indiana. His father was publisher Isaac De Groff Nelson (1810–1891) and his motherwas Elizabeth Rockhill (1816–1889), the daughter of William R. Rockhill, an important farmer andpolitician in Fort Wayne, Indiana. For a short time, Isaac Nelson owned The Sentinel newspaper (which"}
{"doc_id":"doc_194","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Hermann GöringHermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; German: [\u0000h\u0000\u0000man \u0000v\u0000lh\u0000lm\u0000\u0000ø\u0000\u0000\u0000ŋ] (listen); 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, andconvicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germanyfrom 1933 to 1945.A veteran World War I fighter pilot ace, Göring was a recipient of the Pour le Mérite(\"The Blue Max\"). He was the last commander of Jagdgeschwader 1 (JG I), the fighter wing once led byManfred von Richthofen. An early member of the Nazi Party, Göring was among those wounded in AdolfHitler's failed Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. While receiving treatment for his injuries, he developed anaddiction to morphine which persisted until the last year of his life. After Hitler became Chancellor ofGermany in 1933, Göring was named as minister without portfolio in the new government. One of his firstacts as a cabinet minister was to oversee the creation of the Gestapo, which he ceded to HeinrichHimmler in 1934.Following the establishment of the Nazi state, Göring amassed power and politicalcapital to become the second most powerful man in Germany. He was appointed commander-in-chief ofthe Luftwaffe (air force), a position he held until the final days of the regime. Upon being namedPlenipotentiary of the Four Year Plan in 1936, Göring was entrusted with the task of mobilizing all sectorsof the economy for war, an assignment which brought numerous government agencies under his control.In September 1939, Hitler designated him as his successor and deputy in all his offices. After the Fall ofFrance in 1940, he was bestowed the specially created rank of Reichsmarschall, which gave him seniorityover all officers in Germany's armed forces.By 1941, Göring was at the peak of his power and influence.As the Second World War progressed, Göring's standing with Hitler and with the German public declinedafter the Luftwaffe proved incapable of preventing the Allied bombing of Germany's cities and resupplyingsurrounded Axis forces in Stalingrad. Around that time, Göring increasingly withdrew from military andpolitical affairs to devote his attention to collecting property and artwork, much of which was stolen fromJewish victims of the Holocaust. Informed on 22 April 1945 that Hitler intended to commit suicide, Göringsent a telegram to Hitler requesting his permission to assume leadership of the Reich. Considering hisrequest an act of treason, Hitler removed Göring from all his positions, expelled him from the party, andordered his arrest. After the war, Göring was convicted of conspiracy, crimes against peace, war crimes,and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg trials in 1946. He was sentenced to death by hanging butcommitted suicide by ingesting cyanide hours before the sentence was to be carried out.Early life andeducationGöring was born on 12 January 1893 at the Marienbad Sanatorium in Rosenheim, Bavaria. Hisfather, Heinrich Ernst Göring (31 October 1839 – 7 December 1913), a former cavalry officer, had beenthe first governor-general of German South West Africa (modern-day Namibia). Heinrich had threechildren from a previous marriage. Göring was the fourth of five children by Heinrich's second wife,Franziska Tiefenbrunn (1859–15 July 1943), a Bavarian peasant. Göring's elder siblings were Karl, Olga,and Paula; his younger brother was Albert. At the time that Göring was born, his father was serving asconsul general in Haiti, and his mother had returned home briefly to give birth. She left the six-week-oldbaby with a friend in Bavaria and did not see the child again for three years, when she and Heinrichreturned to Germany.Göring's godfather was Hermann Epenstein, a wealthy Jewish physician andbusinessman his father had met in Africa. Epenstein provided the Göring family, who were surviving onHeinrich's pension, first with a family home in Berlin-Friedenau, and then a small castle calledVeldenstein, near Nuremberg. Göring's mother became Epenstein's mistress around this time, andremained so for some fifteen years. Epenstein acquired the minor title of Ritter (knight) von Epensteinthrough service and donations to the Crown.Interested in a career as a soldier from a very early age,Göring enjoyed playing with toy soldiers and dressing up in a Boer uniform his father had given him. Hewas sent to boarding school at age eleven, where the food was poor and discipline was harsh. He sold aviolin to pay for his train ticket home, and then took to his bed, feigning illness, until he was told hewould not have to return. He continued to enjoy war games, pretending to lay siege to the castleVeldenstein and studying Teutonic legends and sagas. He became a mountain climber, scaling peaks inGermany, at the Mont Blanc massif, and in the Austrian Alps. At age 16, he was sent to a military"}
{"doc_id":"doc_195","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen-EinbeckAnna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen-Einbeck (1414 – 4 April 1474) was a daughter of Duke Eric I of Brunswick-Grubenhagen and his wife, Elisabeth of Brunswick-Göttingen.Anna's first marriage was with Duke Albert III of Bavaria.  They had the following children:John IV (1437–1463), Duke of BavariaErnest (1438–1460)Sigismund of Bavaria (1439–1501)Albert (1440–1445)Margaretha (1442–1479), married in 1463 with Marquess Frederick I of Mantua (1441–1484)Elisabeth (1443–1484), married in 1460 with Elector Ernest of Saxony (1441–1486)Albert IV (1447–1508)Christopher (1449–1483)Wolfgang (1451–1514)Barbara, a nun in MunichAfter Albert's death, she married Duke Frederick III of Brunswick-Calenberg-Göttingen.  This marriage remained childless.== Ancestors ==Passage 2:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of BrunswickCharles William Ferdinand (German: Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand; 9 October 1735 – 10 November 1806) was the Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and a military leader. His titles are usually shortened to Duke of Brunswick in English-language sources.He succeeded his father as sovereign prince of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, one of the princely states of the Holy Roman Empire. The duke was a cultured and benevolent despot in the model of his uncle, Frederick the Great, and was married to Princess Augusta, the eldest sister of George III of Great Britain. He was also a recognized master of 18th century warfare, serving as a Field Marshal in the Prussian Army. During the Napoleonic Wars, he was mortally wounded by a musket ball at the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt in 1806.Early lifeCharles William Ferdinand was born in the town of Wolfenbüttel on 9 October 1735, probably in Wolfenbüttel Castle. He was the first-born son of Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and his wife Philippine Charlotte.His father Charles I was the ruling prince (German: Fürst) of the small state of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, one of the imperial states of the Holy Roman Empire. Philippine Charlotte was the favourite daughter of King Frederick William I of Prussia and sister of Frederick II of Prussia (Frederick the Great). As the heir apparent of a sovereign prince, Charles William Ferdinand received the title of Hereditary Prince (German: Erbprinz).He received an unusually wide and thorough education, overseen by his mother. In his youth he travelled in the Netherlands, France and various parts of Germany. In 1753, his father moved the capital of the principality back to Brunswick (German: Braunschweig), the state's largest city. (Wolfenbüttel had been the capital since 1432.) The royal family moved into the newly built Brunswick Palace.Early military careerCharles William Ferdinand entered the military, serving during the Seven Years' War of 1756–63. He joined the allied north-German forces of the Hanoverian Army of Observation, whose task was to protect Hanover (in personal union with the Kingdom of Great Britain) and the surrounding states from invasion by the French. The force was initially commanded by the Anglo-Hanoverian Prince William, Duke of Cumberland. At the Battle of Hastenbeck (1757) Charles William Ferdinand led a charge at the head of an infantry brigade, an action which gained him some renown.The subsequent French Invasion of Hanover and Convention of Klosterzeven of 1757 temporarily knocked Hanover out of the war (they were to return the following year). Cumberland was recalled to Britain and the remaining allied north-German forces were placed under the command of Ferdinand of Brunswick, brother of Charles I, who easily persuaded his nephew Charles William Ferdinand to renew his military service as a general officer.Charles William Ferdinand was part of the allied Anglo-German force at the Battle of Minden (1759), and the Battle of Warburg (1760). Both were decisive victories over the French, during which he proved himself an excellent subordinate commander. He continued to serve in the army commanded by his uncle for the remainder of the war, which was generally successful for the north German forces. The hereditary prince's reputation improved throughout, and he became an acknowledged master of irregular warfare. Peace was restored in 1763.Marriage and travelsThe royal houses of the former Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg had traditionally married within the family, to avoid further division of their family lands under Salic law. By the time, Brunswick-Lüneburg had consolidated back into two states, Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover). The electorate was ruled by the Hanoverian branch of the family in personal union with the Kingdom of Great Britain. It was therefore arranged for Charles William Ferdinand to marry a British-Hanoverian princess: Princess Augusta "}
{"doc_id":"doc_196","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre.CareerSince1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films.Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The PaperChase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Someof his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live(1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films. Hedirected \"Heart in Hiding\", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy forBest Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in severalBroadway productions. He costarred with Susan Strasberg in \"[The Diary of Ann Frank]\" but had to leavethe production when he was drafted into the Army. He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University.Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the PacificResident Theatre Company. He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware PoetsPlayhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact TheatreCompany.Passage 2:CRD (film)CRD is a 2016 drama-romance Indian film by National Award WinningDirector Kranti Kanade written with Yuva Sahitya Akademi Award Winning Dramatist DharmakirtiSumant. Set in the world of College Theatre, it probes fascism and fierce competition in arts.PlotA YoungDramatist rebels against his fascist Tutor to form his troop of misfits – aiming to win a prestigious theatrecompetition and trying to find the hardest thing of all: his voice. Inspired by real life event 'Purushottam'Theatre Competition in Pune, India.CastMrinmayee Godbole as PersisVinay Sharma as MayankSaurabhSaraswat as ChetanAbhay Mahajan as NetraIsha Keskar as DiptiGeetika Tyagi as VeenaMohit Takalkar asSeniorProductionThe preparation and improvisation of the actors went on for 4 months before theprincipal photography began in November 2014 and continued over the next six months resulting in 63days of shooting. The editing took eight months and the music and sound design took further six months.The film was entirely shot on locations in Pune. It was executive and line produced by Ashwini Paranjapefor Kanade Films and Chaitra Arts. Director of photography was Daniel Katz whose short film Curfew hadwon Oscar.Critical responseCRD has received favourable critical reception around the world.Robert Abelein The Los Angeles Times says,\"Indian film 'CRD' enchanting, audacious, indefinable and infectious.\"Sheri Linden in The Hollywood Reporter says, \"CRD is entrancing, vibrant, irreverent andcategory-defying! Kanadé an assured visual stylist!\" LA Weekly says, \"Allusive, elusive and by turnsfunny, romantic and tragic, CRD is a film tuned to the pitch of the artist's heart.\" ScreenAnarchy says,\"CRD, An Ethereal Exercise In Art.” Film critic Namrata Joshi, in The Hindu says, “Subversive andfearless, Kanadé breaks all rules of filmmaking in creating CRD, which boldly goes where no Indian filmhas gone before.” Author and critic Naman Ramachandran says, \"This astonishing film heralds the arrivalof a bold new voice in world cinema where all limits are breached and boundaries crossed. Be preparedfor a breathtaking journey, the likes of which you've never been on before.\" Saibal Chatterjee, NDTV says“A path-breaking film. Refreshingly original and delightfully whimsical. CRD is classy, satisfying andmagnificently inventive package.” Nandini Ramnath, Scroll says “Outstanding, a superbly performeddrama about theatre art and life.\" Trisha Gupta, Firstpost says “Masterful and sharp, CRD displays bothpolitical and aesthetic courage, constantly moving between lyrical intensity and playful subversion.” RahulDesai, Film Companion says “CRD is hypnotic. The less sense it makes, the more we can’t stop watchingit (Roger Ebert’s words apply here). May be this is what auteurs are about.” Reza Noorani in The Times ofIndia says \"CRD is brave with a twisted sense of humour.\" Business Standard says \"CRD redefines cinemaspace.\" Hindustan Times says \"CRD is vibrant and appealing.\" Shubhra Gupta in The Indian Express says\"CRD is spectacular and refreshing in its willingness to go down paths less trodden.\" CRD is mentioned inScroll's list of \"The movies of the decade that dared to dream differently.\"Further readinghttps://deadline.com/2016/10/exclusive-trailer-for-acclaimed-indian-drama-crd-1201837045/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/entertainment/big-little-films-get-going-485010Passage 3:Dana BlanksteinDanaBlankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television"}
{"doc_id":"doc_197","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Michelangelo FaggioliMichelangelo Faggioli (1666–1733) was an Italian lawyer and celebratedamateur composer of humorous cantatas in Neapolitan dialect. A founder of a new genre of Neapolitancomedy, he was the composer of the opera buffa La Cilla in 1706.Passage 2:Walter Robinson(composer)Walter Robinson is an American composer of the late 20th century. He is most notable for his1977 song Harriet Tubman, which has been recorded by folk musicians such as Holly Near, JohnMcCutcheon, and others.  He is also the composer of several operas.Passage 3:Nocturne(Britten)Nocturne, Op. 60, is a song cycle by Benjamin Britten, written for tenor, seven obbligatoinstruments and strings. The seven instruments are flute, cor anglais, clarinet, bassoon, harp, Frenchhorn and timpani.Nocturne was Britten's fourth and final orchestral song cycle, after Our Hunting Fathers(Op. 8, 1936), Les Illuminations (Op. 18, 1939) and Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings (Op. 31,1943). It was dedicated to Alma Mahler.Nocturne was premiered in the Leeds Town Hall at the centenaryLeeds Festival on 16 October 1958 by Peter Pears and the BBC Symphony Orchestra conducted by RudolfSchwarz. Britten conducted a recording at Walthamstow Assembly Hall in 1960 with Pears, the LondonSymphony Orchestra and William Waterhouse (bassoon), Alexander Murray (flute), Gervase de Peyer(clarinet), Roger Lord (cor anglais), Osian Ellis (harp), Barry Tuckwell (horn), and Denis Blyth(timpani).The theme of the piece, as its name Nocturne suggests, is sleep and darkness, both in theliteral and figurative sense. In this respect, the work is reminiscent of Britten's earlier Serenade. UnlikeSerenade, Nocturne is presented as a continuous piece rather than separate movements. This isemphasised by a number of figures which occur throughout, most notably the 'rocking' string motif whichopens the work. The conflicting tonal relationship between C and D-flat is also evident throughout,reflecting the contrast between the untroubled and the more perturbed aspects of sleep which are alsodescribed by Britten's choice of poems.StructureThe piece sets eight sections of poetry to music, eachaccompanied by strings and (with the exception of the first) by an obbligato instrument:Shelley – \"On aPoet’s Lips I Slept\" from Prometheus UnboundTennyson – \"The Kraken\", with bassoonColeridge –\"Encinctured with a twine of leaves\" from The Wanderings of Cain, with harpMiddleton – \"Midnight Bell\"from Blurt, Master Constable, with French hornWordsworth – \"But that night when on my bed I lay\" fromThe Prelude (1805), with timpaniOwen – \"The Kind Ghosts\", with cor anglaisKeats – \"Sleep and Poetry\",with flute and clarinetShakespeare – Sonnet XLIII, with all the obbligato instrumentsNotesExternallinksWork details, Boosey & HawkesPassage 4:Tarcisio FuscoTarcisio Fusco was an Italian composer offilm scores. He was the brother of the composer Giovanni Fusco and the uncle of operatic soprano CeciliaFusco.Selected filmographyBoccaccio (1940)Free Escape (1951)Abracadabra (1952)The Eternal Chain(1952)Beauties in Capri (1952)Milanese in Naples (1954)Conspiracy of the Borgias (1959)Passage5:Benjamin BrittenEdward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten  (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976,aged 63) was an English composer, conductor, and pianist. He was a central figure of 20th-centuryBritish music, with a range of works including opera, other vocal music, orchestral and chamber pieces.His best-known works include the opera Peter Grimes (1945), the War Requiem (1962) and theorchestral showpiece The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra (1945).Born in Lowestoft, Suffolk, theson of a dentist, Britten showed talent from an early age. He studied at the Royal College of Music inLondon and privately with the composer Frank Bridge. Britten first came to public attention with the acappella choral work A Boy was Born in 1934. With the premiere of Peter Grimes in 1945, he leapt tointernational fame. Over the next 28 years, he wrote 14 more operas, establishing himself as one of theleading 20th-century composers in the genre. In addition to large-scale operas for Sadler's Wells andCovent Garden, he wrote chamber operas for small forces, suitable for performance in venues of modestsize. Among the best known of these is The Turn of the Screw (1954). Recurring themes in his operasinclude the struggle of an outsider against a hostile society and the corruption of innocence.Britten'sother works range from orchestral to choral, solo vocal, chamber and instrumental as well as film music.He took a great interest in writing music for children and amateur performers, including the opera Noye'sFludde, a Missa Brevis, and the song collection Friday Afternoons. He often composed with particular"}
{"doc_id":"doc_198","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Bernard HoursBernard Hours, born on 5 May 1956 in Strasbourg, is a French businessman. Hewas the managing director of Danone and a member of the board of directors of the company. He wasalso a member of the executive committee of Danone.EducationHours graduated from the École desHautes Études Commerciales (HEC) in 1978.CareerHours began his career at Unilever in 1979 as ProductManager and Brand Manager. He progressively became an expert in the food sector.In 1985, he joinedthe Danone marketing group at Kronenbourg. From 1989 and 2001, he  was the Director of Sales ofEvian, and then Director of Marketing for Danone France, later becoming the President of DanoneHungary (1994), Danone Germany (1996) and finally President of LU France in 1998.In November 2001,Hours was named the Vice-President of the Fresh Dairy Products division and became the President inMarch 2002. In November 2006 he also took charge of the Research and Development at Danone.Hourscontributed significantly to sales growth between 2007 and 2013, which amounted to an increase of36.4% (from 14 to 22 billion euros) during this period. He exercised is responsible for all activities ofDanone, encompassing around 100,000 people in and 100 countries.In 2014, at the time of a change ofgovernance,  Hours ended his position as managing director of Danone, by the decision of theAdministrative Counsel.In 2015, Hours became president of Medvet  and  Chef Sam. He is also BoardMember for Verlinvest  and Oatly.Other ActivitiesHours is a member of the Administrative Counsel ofEssilor as an independent director and a member of the Administrative Counsel of the investment holdingVerlinvest and its participation Vita Coco. He is also e member of the Supervisory Board ofSomfy.Passage 2:Wee Wee Hours\"Wee Wee Hours\" is a song written and recorded by Chuck Berry in1955. Originally released as the B-side of his first single, \"Maybellene\", it went on to become a hit,reaching number 10 in the Billboard R&B chart.The song is a twelve-bar blues, described as \"a slow,sensuous blues featuring some exceptional piano from Johnnie Johnson\".\"Wee Wee Hours\" was on theaudition tape submitted by Berry to Leonard Chess in hope of landing a recording contract with ChessRecords.  Although it seemed like a good fit with the record company's blues roster, Chess was moreinterested in the song that became \"Maybellene\", the song that launched Berry's career as a rock and rollstar.Berry often performed the song live. It is included on the 1969 album Chuck Berry Live in Concert,and in the 1987 film Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll.Passage 3:Billy MilanoBilly Milano (born June 3, 1964) is anAmerican heavy metal and hardcore punk musician. He is the singer and occasionally guitarist and bassistof crossover thrash band M.O.D., and was the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death. Prior tothese bands, Milano played in early New York hardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the careerof future Agnostic Front vocalist Roger Miret. Milano was also the singer of United Forces, which includedhis Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Dan Lilker. Milano managed a number of bands, including AgnosticFront, for whom he also co-produced the 1997 Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give androadie for Anthrax.DiscographyStormtroopers of Death albumsStormtroopers of Death videosMethod ofDestruction (M.O.D.)MasteryPassage 4:O Valencia!\"O Valencia!\" is the fifth single by the indie rock bandThe Decemberists, and the first released from their fourth studio album, The Crane Wife.The music waswritten by The Decemberists and the lyrics by Colin Meloy. It tells a story of two star-crossed lovers. Thesinger falls in love with a person who belongs to an opposing gang. At the end of the song, the singer'slover jumps in to defend the singer, who is confronting his lover's brother (the singer's \"sworn enemy\")and is killed by the bullet intended for the singer.Track listingThe 7\" single sold in the UK was mispressed,with \"Culling of the Fold\" as the B-side despite the artwork and record label listing \"After the Bombs\" asthe B-side.Music videosFor the \"O Valencia!\" music video, The Decemberists filmed themselves in front ofa green screen and asked fans to complete it by digitally adding in background images or footage.Stephen Colbert of The Colbert Report, having recently asked fans to do the same with a video of himwith a light saber in front of a green screen, brought up The Decemberists on his segment \"Look Who'sRiding on My Coattails Now\" and accused the band of stealing the idea. The Decemberists' response wasto challenge Stephen Colbert to a guitar solo showdown on December 20, 2006, on The ColbertReport.On January 19, 2007, The Decemberists premiered an alternate music video of \"O Valencia!\","}
{"doc_id":"doc_199","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Ben CuraBen Cura is an Argentine-born British actor, musician and director of film, televisionand theatre.Early lifeJosé Ben Cura was born in Buenos Aires, the son of Argentine tenor/conductor JoséCura. When he was a year old, he moved to Santo Stefano Belbo, Italy, where his father's grandfatherwas from. The family first lived in a convent while his father struggled to find work as an opera singer. Hehas two younger siblings, Yazmín and Nicolás.The family moved to France when he was six and then toSpain when he was 11. During this time, he frequently travelled with his parents around the world.Cura'sfirst acting role came at age nine, as a supernumerary in a production of La Forza del Destino at theOpéra de Marseille, France. Whilst living in Paris, he received formal piano and solfège training. Hesubsequently attended the New York Film Academy in Paris before eventually training and graduatingfrom the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art in 2011 with a bachelor's degree with honours inprofessional acting.CareerCura made his film debut in a British independent film Comes a Bright Day,appearing shortly after in Comedy Central's series Threesome and Bernard Rose's film The Devil'sViolinist.He made his West End debut playing Angel in the original cast of Jennifer Saunders' musical VivaForever at the Piccadilly Theatre in London, UK. He was later cast as Seve Ballesteros in British golf filmDream On.Aged 24, he made his directorial debut with a film adaptation of August Strindberg's playCreditors. for which he also wrote the screenplay and played one of the lead characters, Freddie Lynch.Later that year, he starred in the UK premiere of the award-winning American play Next Fall at theSouthwark Playhouse in London, UK.In April 2013, he co-founded London-based production companyTough Dance Ltd. with actress and producer Andrea Deck. The company's first production wasaward-winning feature film Creditors.In 2015, he was cast in the US series The Royals as recurringcharacter Holden. He later went on to star in British film White Island set in Ibiza, and based on the novelA Bus Could Run You Over written by Colin Butts, alongside Billy Zane and Billy Boyd.Cura's directorialdebut, Creditors, world-premiered at the Nordic International Film Festival in New York City on 31October 2015. The festival awarded it with an Honorable Mention in the Best Nordic Narrative Featurecategory. Latin Post film critic David Salazar called the film \"A triumphant debut.\" Blazing Minds film criticSusanne Hodder said the actors \"all give compelling performances, bringing their characters to life andgiving them depth\". Screen Relish film critic Stuie Greenfield said that \"Creditors is a beautiful,sometimes angry and surprising film that brings with it strong performances from the entire cast as wellas an unexpected yet welcome twist\", while Movie Marker film critic Darryl Griffiths said that \"Creditors isan incisive and accomplished piece of filmmaking [...], possessing a rich, powerful psychology that instillsan unnerving modern-day relevance to age-old material.\" Creditors received over ten awards fromvarious film festivals, including Best Feature, Leading Actor, and Script/Writer for Cura.Later that year,Cura was cast as a series regular in ITV/Netflix crime noir drama Marcella penned by The Bridge writerHans Rosenfeldt. The series premiered on UK television in April 2016, followed by a worldwide release onNetflix in July 2016. and Simon West's action/comedy feature film Gun Shy opposite Antonio Banderasand Olga Kurylenko.In 2017, Cura was cast as CIA operative Philip Shafer in French historical war movie15 minutes de guerre (renamed L'Intervention), directed by Fred Grivois. Later that year, he played therole of Steve in the screen adaptation of British stage play Life is a Gatecrash, renamed Gatecrash anddirected by Lawrence Gough, opposite Olivia Bonamy, Anton Lesser, and Sam West.In 2018, Curaguest-starred in Season 2 of CBS's Ransom and the first season of new TV series The Rook, oppositeOlivia Munn.In 2019, he was cast in Nicholas Wright's new stage play 8 Hotels directed by Richard Eyre,world-premiering at the Chichester Festival Theatre, playing the lead role of José Ferrer opposite ToryKittles, Emma Paetz, and Pandora Colin, opening August 7 of that year to excellent reviews: \"Joe, playedmasterfully by Ben Cura, is wonderful as the philanderer who can accept his wife's adultery but not herlover's flaunting of it\"; \"Jose Ferrer [...] Ben Cura, who captures him very well, has a wonderful mutuallymistrustful good-pals-act with the impressive Kittles\"; \"Ben Cura is excellent as Ferrer [...] with charismato spare\"; \"Ben Cura plays José Ferrer as a much disappointed jobbing actor [...] playing Iago for peanutsopposite the better paid Robeson [...] This Ferrer becomes increasingly jealous of Robeson and is"}
{"doc_id":"doc_200","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Where Are You? I'm HereWhere Are You? I'm Here (Italian: Dove siete? Io sono qui) is a 1993 Italian drama film directed by Liliana Cavani.The film entered the 50th Venice International Film Festival, where Anna Bonaiuto won the Volpi Cup for best supporting actress. For her role Chiara Caselli was awarded with a Nastro d'Argento for Best Actress and a Grolla d'oro in the same category.PlotFausto's mother refuses to accept the fact that her child is deaf and refuses to send him to a special school where he can learn sign language. His aunt, though, teaches him to communicate and helps him find a place among a group of deaf-mutes. He meets and falls in love with Elena. To their parents' concern, the two find love with each other until a set of difficulties leads them to see their lives in a different light.Main castChiara Caselli as Elena SettiGaetano Carotenuto as  FaustoAnna Bonaiuto as Fausto's MotherGiuseppe Perruccio as Fausto's FatherValeria D'Obici as Fausto's AuntInes Nobili as MariaKo Muroboshi as The MimeDoriana Chierici as Elena's MotherCarla Cassola as Miss MartiniPaola Mannoni as The PrincipalPino Micol as The Bank ManagerSebastiano Lo Monaco as Professor PiniPaco Reconti as UgoMarzio Honorato as The History TeacherSee alsoList of Italian films of 1993Passage 2:Alfonso XII and María CristinaAlfonso XII and María Cristina or Where Are You Going, Sad Man? (Spanish: ¿Dónde vas triste de ti?) is a 1960 Spanish historical drama film directed by Alfonso Balcázar and Guillermo Cases and starring Vicente Parra and Marga López as Alfonso XII of Spain and Maria Christina of Austria.The film is the sequel to Where Are You Going, Alfonso XII? with Vicente Parra, José Marco Davó and Tomás Blanco reprising their roles from the previous film as Alfonso XII, Antonio Cánovas del Castillo and the Duque de Sesto respectively. María Fernanda Ladrón de Guevara replaced Mercedes Vecino as Isabella II.Similar in style to the German Sissi film series, it was very popular but led to Vicente Parra's typecasting.The film's sets were designed by the art director Enrique Alarcón.CastPassage 3:Mrs. Dery Where Are You?Mrs. Dery Where Are You? (Hungarian: Déryné hol van?) is a 1975 Hungarian drama film directed by Gyula Maár. It was entered into the 1976 Cannes Film Festival, where Mari Törőcsik won the award for Best Actress, playing the protagonist Mrs. Déry.CastMari Törőcsik - DérynéFerenc Kállai - DéryMária Sulyok - Déry anyjaImre Ráday - IntendánsTamás Major - Jancsó, öreg színészCecília Esztergályos - SchodelnéKornél Gelley - Magyar úr, dilettáns színészAndrás Kozák - Ifjú grófAndrás Schiff - Zongorázó fiúZsuzsa Zolnay - CapuletnéFlóra Kádár - DajkaPassage 4:Where Are YouWhere Are You may refer to:AlbumsWhere Are You? (Frank Sinatra album), 1957Where Are You? (Mal Waldron album), 1989Songs\"Where Are You?\" (1937 song), written by Jimmy McHugh and Harold Adamson, covered by many performers\"Where Are You\" (Bee Gees song), 1966\"Where Are You?\" (Imaani song), 1998\"Where Are You?\", by 16 Bit, 1986\"Where Are You?\", by Cat Stevens from New Masters, 1967\"Where Are You?\", by Days of the New from Days of the New, 2001\"Where Are You?\", by Gotthard from Firebirth, 2012\"Where Are You?\", by Kavana from Kavana, 1997\"Where Are You?\", by Our Lady Peace from Healthy in Paranoid Times, 2005\"Where Are You?\", by Saves the Day from In Reverie, 2003\"Where Are You (B.o.B vs. Bobby Ray)\", by B.o.B from Strange Clouds, 2012FilmsWhere Are You (film), a 2021 American drama filmSee alsoWhere Are You Now (disambiguation)Passage 5:Where Are You My Love?Where Are You My Love? may refer to:\"Where Are You My Love\", a song by Eddie Low\"Où es-tu mon amour? (Where Are You, My Love?)\", a song written by Emile Stern and Henri Lemarchand in 1946¿Dónde estás amor de mi vida que no te puedo encontrar? (Where Are You My Love, That I Cannot Find You?), a 1992 Argentine drama filmSee alsoAre You My Love? (disambiguation)\"Where Are You Now (My Love)\", a 1965 song written by Tony Hatch and Jackie Trent\"Where Is My Love\", a song from the 2006 Cat Power album, The GreatestPassage 6:Where Are You Going All Naked?Dove vai tutta nuda?, internationally released as Where Are You Going All Naked?, is a 1969 Italian comedy film directed by Pasquale Festa Campanile.CastMaria Grazia Buccella: ToninoTomas Milian: ManfredoGastone Moschin: PresidentVittorio Gassman: Rufus ConfortiAngela Luce: ProstituteGiancarlo Badessi: WaiterLea Lander: President's WifePassage 7:Pattanakke Banda PathniyaruPattanakke Banda Pathniyaru (transl. Wives arrived in the city) is a 1980 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by A. V. Sheshagiri Rao and produced by S. D. Ankalagi, B. H. Chandannanawar, M. G. Hublikar and Surendra Ingle. The film stars Srinath, Manjula, Lokesh and "}
{"doc_id":"doc_201","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:If You Want to Sing Out, Sing Out\"If You Want To Sing Out, Sing Out\" is a popular song by Cat Stevens. It first appeared in the 1971 film Harold and Maude.Stevens wrote all the songs in Harold and Maude in 1970–1971, during the time he was writing and recording his Tea for the Tillerman album. However, \"If You Want to Sing Out, Sing Out\"  and two other songs from that period were not released as singles nor placed on any album at that time.  No official soundtrack was released from the film at that time. The song was finally released later on Stevens' 1984 album, Footsteps in the Dark: Greatest Hits, Vol. 2 along with his other previously unreleased songs. In addition, it appeared on the UK edition of his 2003 album The Very Best of Cat Stevens.Official soundtrack (2007)The first official soundtrack album to the film was released in December 2007, by Vinyl Films Records, as a vinyl-only limited edition release of 2500 copies. It contained a 30-page oral history of the making of the film, the most extensive series of interviews yet conducted on Harold and Maude.Appearances in other mediaThe song features prominently in Hal Ashby's Harold and Maude.In 2007, a rendition of \"Sing Out\" appeared in the film Charlie Bartlett.The song is featured in the TV shows My Name Is Earl and Ray Donovan.It was featured as the 2nd song of Rodney Mullen's skateboarding part in the Plan B video, Questionable.The song is also the theme to the BBC Radio sitcom North by Northamptonshire.As of fall 2016, the song appears in a commercial for the 2017 Jeep Grand Cherokee.Cover versionsThe song has been covered by Bloomington, Indiana's folk punk pioneers Ghost Mice under the shortened title \"Sing Out\".The song has been covered by Death By Chocolate in 2001, on their first, self-titled albumIn August 2009, Yusuf Islam approved his original recording of the song for use in a T Mobile television commercial. Wyclef Jean also made an upbeat remix of the song for a later T Mobile commercial that aired in December 2009.Folk music/bluegrass band Rani Arbo and Daisy Mayhem covered the song for their 2010 album Ranky Tanky.The song has also been covered by Amanda Palmer.The song has been covered by Jim Gill on his 1995 children's album Jim Gill Makes It Noisy In Boise, Idaho.German bitpop band Welle: Erdball covered the song on their album Der Kalte Krieg (2011).The song was covered by James Marsden, Ariana Greenblatt and Jacob Collier in the 2021 animated feature The Boss Baby: Family Business.Passage 2:Join the CavalryJoin the Cavalry was a military song popular during the American Civil War. The verses detail various feats performed by Jeb Stuart's troopers, the cavalry arm of the Army of Northern Virginia, while the chorus urges the listener to \" join the cavalry\". Occasionally, the title is recorded as \"Jine the Cavalry\". The song was most common in Virginia.\"Jine the Cavalry!\" was among Stuart’s favorite songs, and became the unofficial theme song of his Confederate cavalry corps. It recounts many of Stuart’s early exploits, including the daring \"Ride around the Army of the Potomac\" in the early summer of 1862, and the Confederate Cavalry raid to Chambersburg, PA in October 1862. One of Stuart’s men, Sam Sweeney, was an accomplished banjo player and often serenaded Stuart and his officers during the Gettysburg Campaign.JINE THE CAVALRY!We're the boys that rode around McClellan(ian),Rode around McClellan(ian), Rode around McClellan(ian)!We're the boys that rode around McClellan(ian),Bully boys, hey! Bully boys, ho!CHORUS:  If you want to have a good time, jine the cavalry!Jine the cavalry! Jine the cavalry!If you want to catch the Devil, if you want to have fun,If you want to smell Hell, jine the cavalry!Ol' Joe Hooker, won't you come out of The Wilderness?Come out of The Wilderness, come out of The Wilderness?Ol' Joe Hooker, won't you come out of The Wilderness?Bully boys, hey! Bully boys, ho!CHORUS:  If you want to have a good time, jine the cavalry!Jine the cavalry! Jine the cavalry!If you want to catch the Devil, if you want to have fun,If you want to smell Hell, jine the cavalry!We're the boys who crossed the Potomac(ica), whoCrossed the Potomac(ica), who crossed the Potomac(ica)!We're the boys who crossed the Potomac(ica),Bully boys, hey! Bully boys, ho!CHORUS:  If you want to have a good time, jine the cavalry!Jine the cavalry! Jine the cavalry!If you want to catch the Devil, if you want to have fun,If you want to smell Hell, jine the cavalry!We're the boys that rode to Pennsylvania,Rode to Pennsylvania, rode to Pennsylvania!We're the boys rode to Pennsylvania,Bully boys, hey! Bully boys, ho!CHORUS:  If you want to have a good time, jine the cavalry!Jine the cavalry! Jine the cavalry!If you want to catch the Devil, if you want to have fun,If you want to smell Hell, jine the cavalry!The big fat Dutch gals hand around the breadium,Hand around the "}
{"doc_id":"doc_202","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Where Was I\"Where Was I?\" may refer to:Books\"Where Was I?\", essay by David HawleySanford from The Mind's IWhere Was I?, book by John Haycraft 2006Where was I?!, book by TerryWogan 2009Film and TVWhere Was I? (film), 1925 film directed by William A. Seiter. With ReginaldDenny, Marian Nixon, Pauline Garon, Lee Moran.Where Was I? (2001 film), biography about songwriterTim RoseWhere Was I? (TV series) 1952–1953 Quiz show with the panelists attempting to guess alocation by looking at photos\"Where Was I?\" episode of Shoestring (TV series) 1980Music\"Where was I\",song by W. Franke Harling and Al Dubin performed by Ruby Newman and His Orchestra  with vocalchorus by  Larry Taylor and Peggy McCall  1939\"Where Was I\", single from Charley Pride discography1988\"Where Was I\" (song), a 1994 song by Ricky Van Shelton\"Where Was I (Donde Estuve Yo)\", song byJoe Pass from Simplicity (Joe Pass album)\"Where Was I?\", song by Guttermouth from The AlbumFormerly Known as a Full Length LP (Guttermouth album)\"Where Was I\", song by Sawyer Brown (BillyMaddox, Paul Thorn, Anne Graham) from Can You Hear Me Now 2002\"Where Was I?\", song  by  KennyWayne Shepherd from Live On  1999\"Where Was I\", song by Melanie Laine (Victoria Banks, Steve Fox)from Time Flies (Melanie Laine album)\"Where Was I\", song by Rosie Thomas from With Love (RosieThomas album)Passage 2:Alexander CourageAlexander Mair Courage Jr. (December 10, 1919 – May 15,2008) familiarly known as \"Sandy\" Courage, was an American orchestrator, arranger, and composer ofmusic, primarily for television and film. He is best known as the composer of the theme music for theoriginal Star Trek series.Early lifeCourage was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He received a musicdegree from the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York, in 1941. He served in the UnitedStates Army Air Forces in the western United States during the Second World War. During that period, healso found the time to compose music for the radio. His credits in this medium include the programsAdventures of Sam Spade Detective, Broadway Is My Beat, Hollywood Soundstage, andRomance.CareerCourage began as an orchestrator and arranger at MGM studios, which included work insuch films as the 1951 Show Boat (\"Life Upon the Wicked Stage\" number); Hot Rod Rumble (1957 film);The Band Wagon (\"I Guess I'll Have to Change My Plan\"); Gigi (the can-can for the entrance of patrons atMaxim's); and the barn raising dance from Seven Brides for Seven Brothers.He frequently served as anorchestrator on films scored by André Previn (My Fair Lady, \"The Circus is a Wacky World\", and \"You'reGonna Hear from Me\" production numbers for Inside Daisy Clover), Adolph Deutsch (Funny Face, SomeLike It Hot), John Williams (The Poseidon Adventure, Superman, Jurassic Park, and the AcademyAward-nominated musical films Fiddler on the Roof and Tom Sawyer), and Jerry Goldsmith (Rudy, Mulan,The Mummy, et al.).  He also arranged the Leslie Bricusse score (along with Lionel Newman) for DoctorDolittle (1967).Apart from his work as a respected orchestrator, Courage also contributed originaldramatic scores to films, including two westerns: Arthur Penn's The Left Handed Gun (1958) and Andréde Toth's Day of the Outlaw (1959), and the Connie Francis comedy Follow the Boys (1963). Hecontinued writing music for movies throughout the 1980s and 1990s, including the score for SupermanIV: The Quest for Peace (1987), which incorporated three new musical themes by John Williams inaddition to Courage's adapted and original cues for the film. Courage's score for Superman IV: The Questfor Peace was released on CD in early 2008 by the Film Music Monthly company as part of its boxed setSuperman - The Music, while La-La Land Records released a fully expanded restoration of the score onMay 8, 2018, as part of Superman's 80th anniversary.Courage also worked as a composer on suchtelevision shows as Daniel Boone, The Brothers Brannagan, Lost in Space, Eight Is Enough, and Voyageto the Bottom of the Sea. Judd, for the Defense, Young Dr. Kildare and The Brothers Brannagan were theonly television series besides Star Trek for which he composed the main theme.The composer JerryGoldsmith and Courage teamed on the long-running television show The Waltons in which Goldsmithcomposed the theme and Courage the Aaron Copland-influenced incidental music. In 1988, Courage wonan Emmy Award for his music direction on the special Julie Andrews: The Sound of Christmas.  In the1990s, Courage succeeded Arthur Morton as Goldsmith's primary orchestrator.Courage and Goldsmithcollaborated again on orchestrations for Goldsmith's score for the 1997 film \"The Edge.\"Courage"}
{"doc_id":"doc_203","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:A Hungarian Fairy TaleA Hungarian Fairy Tale (original title: Hol volt, hol nem volt) is a 1987Hungarian film directed by Gyula Gazdag.PlotAndris is a child living in Budapest. He is conceived when hismother Maria is attracted to a mysterious stranger during a performance of The Magic Flute. The strangerdisappears after the conception, and as a result Andris does not know his father. The law states that aboy should have his father's name, even if the father is unknown, to avoid the taint of illegitimacy. WhenMaria tries to register Andris with the child custody department, Andris is given the name of a fictitiousfather. She enters on Andris' birth certificate the name of the bureaucrat she is dealing with, AntalOrban.Maria dies when she is hit on the head by a falling brick, an accident resulting from being in thewrong place at the wrong time, leaving Andris suddenly motherless. He then goes off in search of hisnonexistent father. Along the way he meets and is helped by The Girl, the young nurse who deliveredhim, and who is alone like Andris. Meanwhile, the kindly Orban becomes tired of the tyrannicalbureaucracy, and decides to destroy the files of children he has helped to legitimize by giving themfictitious fathers. He then sets out to find Andris. Andris and The Girl finally meet Orban, and they formtheir own family.They meet scouts being trained as instruments of the state, and the scouts pursueAndris, Orban and The Girl. The three of them climb onto the back of a stone eagle, which takes off inflight.CastDávid Vermes - AndrisFrantišek Husák - Antal OrbanMária Varga - MariaEszter Csákányi - TheGirlAccoladesThe film won the following awards:Fantafestival 1988 - Best Actress (Mária Varga)LocarnoInternational Film Festival 1987 - Bronze Leopard (Dávid Vermes) (Special Grand Prize)SalernoInternational Film Festival 1989 - Grand Prix (Gyula Gazdag)Sitges Film Festival 1987 - Best Film (GyulaGazdag)External linksA Hungarian Fairy Tale at IMDbPassage 2:The Girl of My DreamsThe Girl of MyDreams is a lost 1918 British silent film romance directed by Louis Chaudet and starring BillieRhodes.CastBillie Rhodes - The WeedJack McDonald - George BassettLamar Johnstone - Kenneth Stewart(*as Lamar Johnston)Golda Madden - Madelin StewartJane Keckley - Ma WilliamsFrank MacQuarrie - PaWilliamsBen Suslow - Jed Williams (*as Benjamin Suslow)Leo Pierson - Ralph LongPassage 3:The Womanof My Dreams (2010 film)The Woman of My Dreams (Italian: La donna della mia vita, also known as TheWoman of My Life) is a 2010 Italian comedy-drama film directed by Luca Lucini and starring AlessandroGassman, Luca Argentero, Stefania Sandrelli, and Valentina Lodovini.PlotLeonardo and Giorgio are twobrothers with very different characters. Leonardo is sensitive and reliable, while Giorgio is an unstablewomanizer. After a suicide attempt, Leonardo meets Sara, not knowing that she is Giorgio's ex, and intime they fall in love.With difficulty, and only after the involvement of Giorgio's mother Alba, they restoretheir friendship.CastAlessandro Gassman as  GiorgioLuca Argentero as  LeonardoValentina Lodovinias  SaraStefania Sandrelli as  AlbaGiorgio Colangeli as  SandroSonia Bergamasco as  CarolinaGaiaBermani Amaral as IreneLella Costa as  Alba's friendFranco Branciaroli as AlbertoFrancesca Chillemi asherselfSee alsoList of Italian films of 2010Passage 4:Arthur Maria RabenaltArthur Maria Rabenalt (25 June1905 – 26 February 1993) was an Austrian film director, writer, and author. He directed more than 90films between 1934 and 1978. His 1958 film That Won't Keep a Sailor Down was entered into the 1stMoscow International Film Festival. Two years later, his 1960 film Big Request Concert was entered intothe 2nd Moscow International Film Festival. His career encompassed both Nazi cinema and West Germanproductions. He also wrote several books on the 1930s and 1940s wave of German cinema.CareerIn hisearly teens, Rabenalt began his stage career directing operas at theatres in Darmstadt, Berlin and Gera.From then on to the mid-1920s he worked (though uncredited) as a production assistant on several filmssuch including G. W. Pabst's Joyless Street (1925). After Nazi's rise to power, Rabenalt made his featurefilm debut directing the musical comedy, What Am I Without You (1934), which was then shortly followedwith the release of the comedy Pappi (1934). He continued to work in different genres, including TheLove of the Maharaja (1936), and Men Are That Way and Midsummer Night's Fire which were released in1939.        Through out the 1940s, Rabaenalt worked with melodramatic dramas and comedy. Some ofhis early films in the 1940s, such as Riding for Germany, supported Nazi ideology. In 1989, he said \"I hadonly made circus films and chamber-type entertainment films since 1941. The only Nazi film I knew was"}
{"doc_id":"doc_204","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Alasdair MórAlasdair Mór mac Domhnaill was a younger son of Domhnall mac Raghnaill—theeponymous ancestor of Clan Donald. He first appears on record in 1253, when it is recorded as witnessinga charter by his brother, Aonghus Mór, to Paisley Abbey. According to the 19th century Clan Donaldhistorians Angus and Archibald Macdonald, Alasdair Mór must have been a prominent man as he is theonly recorded brother of Aonghus Mór. He is recorded in the Annals of Connacht, in the year 1299, asbeing a man noted for being a \"generous and bounteous man\". In that year he was slain in a conflict withAlasdair of Argyll and the MacDougalls. He is said to have had at least five sons: Dòmhnall, Gòraidh,Donnchadh, Eoin and Eachann. Alasdair Mòr was succeeded in the representation of his clan by Dòmhnall.Today he is considered to be the eponymous ancestor of Clan MacAlister.Passage 2:Kaya AlpKaya Alp(Ottoman Turkish: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000, lit. 'Brave Rock') was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of KızılBuğa or Basuk and the father of Suleyman Shah. He was the grandfather of Ertuğrul Ghazi, the father ofthe founder of the Ottoman Empire, Osman I. He was also famously known for being the successingname of Ertokus Bey’s son Kaya Alp. He was a descendant of the ancestor of his tribe, Kayı son of Gunson of Oghuz Khagan, the legendary progenitor of the Oghuz Turks.Passage 3:Lyon CohenLyon Cohen(born Yehuda Leib Cohen; May 11, 1868 – August 17, 1937) was a Polish-born Canadian businessmanand a philanthropist. He was the grandfather of singer/poet Leonard Cohen.BiographyCohen was born inCongress Poland, part of the Russian Empire, to a Jewish family on May 11, 1868. He immigrated toCanada with his parents in 1871. He was educated at the McGill Model School and the CatholicCommercial Academy in Montreal. In 1888, he entered the firm of Lee & Cohen in Montreal; later becamepartner with his father in the firm of L. Cohen & Son; in 1895, he established W. R. Cuthbert & Co; in1900, he organized the Canadian Improvement Co., a dredging contractor; in 1906, he founded TheFreedman Co. in Montreal; and in May 1919, he organized and became President of Canadian ExportClothiers, Ltd.  The Freedman Company went on to become one of Montreal’s largest clothingcompanies.In 1897, Cohen and Samuel William Jacobs founded the Canadian Jewish Times, the firstEnglish-language Jewish newspaper in Canada. The newspaper promoted the Canadianization of recentEast European Jewish immigrants and encouraged their acceptance of Canadian customs as Cohen feltthat the old world customs of immigrant Jews were one of the main causes of anti-Semitism. In 1914, thepaper was purchased by Hirsch Wolofsky, owner of the Yiddish-language Keneder Adler, who transformedit into the Canadian Jewish Chronicle.He died on August 17, 1937, at the age of 69.PhilanthropyCohenwas elected the first president of the Canadian Jewish Congress in 1919 and organized the JewishImmigrant Aid Services of Canada. Cohen was also a leader of the Young Men’s Hebrew BenevolentSociety (later the Baron de Hirsch Institute) and the United Talmud Torahs, a Jewish day school inMontreal. He also served as president of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim and president of the JewishColonization Association in Canada.Personal lifeCohen married Rachel Friedman of Montreal on February17, 1891. She was the founder and President of Jewish Endeavour Sewing School. They had three sonsand one daughter:Nathan Bernard Cohen, who served as a lieutenant in the World War; he marriedLithuanian Jewish immigrant Masha Klonitsky and they had one daughter and one son:Esther Cohenandsinger/poet Leonard Cohen.Horace Rives Cohen, who was a captain and quartermaster of his battalionin World War I;Lawrence Zebulun Cohen, student at McGill University, andSylvia Lillian Cohen.Passage4:Gilbert de InsulaGilbert de Insula (Anglicised: Gilbert of the Isles) was a son of Domhnall mac Alasdair,who received a charter for unspecified lands in the Stirlingshire region, in the year 1330. He also receiveda charter for half the lands of Glorat in the parish of Campsie. Today, Gilbert de Insula is considered to bea grandson of Alasdair Mór. He is also considered to possibly be the ancestor of the Alexanders ofMenstrie.CitationsPassage 5:Henry KrauseHenry J. \"Red\" Krause, Jr. (August 28, 1913 – February 20,1987) was an American football offensive lineman in the National Football League for the BrooklynDodgers and the Washington Redskins.  He played college football at St. Louis University.Passage 6:FredLe DeuxFrederick David Le Deux (born 4 December 1934) is a former Australian rules footballer whoplayed with Geelong in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He is the grandfather of Tom Hawkins.Early"}
{"doc_id":"doc_205","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Theodore Roosevelt Sr.Theodore Roosevelt Sr. (September 22, 1831 – February 9, 1878) wasan American businessman and philanthropist from the Roosevelt family. Roosevelt was also the father ofPresident Theodore Roosevelt and the paternal grandfather of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. He served asa member of the plate-glass importing business Roosevelt & Son.Roosevelt helped found the New YorkCity Children's Aid Society. Related to this, and largely through his initiative,. . . a permanent Newsboys'Lodging house [was] established . . . where nightly several hundred stray  boys . . . were given a cleanbed in a warm room for five cents, a fraction of what was charged by the lowest kind of commercialflophouse.He also helped found the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the American Museum of NaturalHistory, and the New York Children's Orthopedic Hospital. A participant in New York society life, he wasdescribed by one historian as a man of both \"good works and good times\". In December 1877, Rooseveltwas nominated to be Collector of the Port of New York but was rejected by the U.S.Senate.FamilyRoosevelt was born in Albany, New York to businessman Cornelius Roosevelt and MargaretBarnhill. His four elder brothers were Silas, James, Cornelius Jr., and Robert. His younger brother,William, died at the age of one.Roosevelt married Martha Stewart Bulloch of Roswell, Georgia, onDecember 22, 1853. She was the younger daughter of Major James Stephens Bulloch and Martha \"Patsy\"Stewart. Mittie was also a sister of the American Civil War's Confederate veteran Irvine Bulloch andhalf-sister of Civil War Confederate veteran James Dunwoody Bulloch. They married at her family'shistoric mansion, Bulloch Hall in Roswell. Theodore Sr. and Martha had four children:Anna Roosevelt in1855Theodore Roosevelt Jr. in 1858, who became the 26th president of the United StatesElliott Roosevelt(socialite) in 1860, who was the father of future First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and father-in-law ofPresident Franklin D. RooseveltCorinne Roosevelt in 1861His son's recollectionsOf Theodore Sr., or \"Thee\"as he was known, his namesake son, in his autobiography described him in the following words:Myfather, Theodore Roosevelt, was the best man I ever knew. He combined strength and courage withgentleness, tenderness, and great unselfishness. He would not tolerate in us children selfishness orcruelty, idleness, cowardice, or untruthfulness. As we grew older, he made us understand that the samestandard of clean living was demanded for the boys as for the girls; that what was wrong in a womancould not be right in a man. With great love and patience, and the most generous sympathy andconsideration, he combined insistence on discipline. He never physically punished me but once, but hewas the only man of whom I was ever really afraid. I do not mean that it was a wrong fear, for he wasentirely just, and we children adored him. ...I never knew anyone who got greater joy out of living thandid my father, or anyone who more whole-heartedly performed every duty; and no one whom I haveever met approached his combination of enjoyment of life and performance of duty. He and my motherwere given to hospitality that at that time was associated more commonly with southern than northernhouseholds. ...My father worked hard at his business, for he died when he was forty-six, too early to haveretired. He was interested in every social reform movement, and he did an immense amount of practicalcharitable work himself. He was a big, powerful man, with a leonine face, and his heart filled withgentleness for those who needed help or protection, and with the possibility of much wrath against abully or an oppressor. ... [He] was greatly interested in the societies to prevent cruelty to children andcruelty to animals. On Sundays, he had a mission class.\" In a 1900 letter, Roosevelt described his father,writing:I was fortunate enough in having a father whom I have always been able to regard as an idealman. It sounds a little like cant to say what I am going to say, but he did combine the strength andcourage and will and energy of the strongest man with the tenderness, cleanness, and purity of a woman.I was a sickly and timid boy. He not only took great and untiring care of me—some of my earliestremembrances are of nights when he would walk up and down with me for an hour at a time in his armswhen I was a wretched mite suffering acutely with asthma—but he also most wisely refused to coddleme, and made me feel that I must force myself to hold my own with other boys and prepare to do therough work of the world. I cannot say that he ever put it into words, but he certainly gave me the feelingthat I was always to be both decent and manly, and that if I were manly nobody would laugh at my being"}
{"doc_id":"doc_206","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Paul De WeertPaul De Weert (born 27 November 1945) is a Belgian rower. He competed at the1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics.Passage 2:Paul de LongpréPaul de Longpré(1855–1911), was a French painter of flowers, who worked mainly in the United States.Early lifePaul deLongpré was born in Lyon, France, in 1855, and was an entirely self-taught artist. From age 12, hepracticed successfully in Paris as a painter of fans. In 1876, at 21, he first exhibited at the Paris Salon.Having lost his money by the failure of a Paris bank, he moved in 1890 to New York City and in 1896 heldan exhibition of flower paintings which secured him instant recognition.Life in HollywoodDe Longpréarrived in Los Angeles, Southern California with his family in 1899. Daeida Wilcox, with husband H. H.Wilcox the founders of Hollywood, was so eager to attract culture to the town that she gave him herhomesite for his estate, three lots on Cahuenga on the north of Prospect (later Hollywood Boulevard), inexchange for three of his paintings.In 1901, Canadian architect Louis Bourgeois designed a landmarkresidence for the 3 acres (1.2 ha) estate, in the Mission Revival style. The house included an art gallery tosell prints of de Longpré's paintings, and was surrounded by the expansive \"Le Roi de Fleur\" flowergardens. Estate tours became a popular tourist destination off an exclusive Balloon Route trolley spur ofthe Los Angeles Pacific Railroad, that later became a Pacific Electric Redcar line, and with print salesadditional sources of income for de Longpré.Paul de Longpré is listed in the 1900 US Census, Los AngelesCity Ward 5, Precincts 38 B and 73 A, with his wife Josephine and daughters Blance, Alice, and Pauline.His occupation is listed as Artist, but the last name is misspelled as De Lonpre, It indicates Paul,Josephine, Blance, and Alice were born in France, and Pauline was born in New York City. The architectLouis Bourgeois also taught French to de Longpré's daughters, and later married his daughter Alice.Paulde Longpré died at home in Los Angeles at age 56, on 29 June 1911.Afterwards, the family moved backto France. The increased property values in rapidly developing Hollywood resulted in demolition of thegardens by 1924, and the house in 1927.WorksDe Longpré only painted specimens of flowers. With adelicacy of touch and feeling for color he united scientific knowledge and art. He also knew how to giveexpression to the subtle essence of the flowers. Painting floral scenes almost exclusively in watercolors,in the 1900s de Longpre found inspiration in the 4,000 rose bushes he planted on his Hollywood estate.The finest of his paintings include Double Peach Blossoms and White Fringed Poppies (1902) – bothwidely known through popular reproductions.LegacyIn present-day Hollywood, the street De LongpreAvenue, and De Longpre Park on it are both named for him.Passage 3:Paul de ScherffPaul de Scherff (14July 1820 – 22 July 1894) was a Luxembourgian politician.De Scherff was born in Frankfurt to F. H. W.von Scherff-Arnoldi, who was minister plenipotentiary of the King-Grand Duke to the German FederalDiet.  After studying law, Paul de Scherff came to Luxembourg. For six years he was avocat géneral, andlater became president of the superior court, at the age of 34. From 24 June 1856 to 11 November 1858he was Administrateur général (Minister) for Public Works and Railways in the Simons Ministry. From1869 to 1871, and then again from 1886 to 1892 he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies for theCentre, and was President of the Chamber of Deputies from 1869 until 1872.When the walls of thefortress of Luxembourg were demolished in the 1870s and 1880s, Paul de Scherff was working in theministry of public works, where he dealt with the building of the municipal parks.He married MariePescatore on 14 September 1842, daughter of Constantin Jos. Antoine Pescatore and niece of TheodorePescatore.  De Scherff was a practising member of the Reformed Church.FootnotesPassage 4:Paul deCordonPaul de Cordon (born in 1908 in Toulouse - died in 1998 in Paris) was a French photographerknown for his photographs of the circus and the Crazy Horse Saloon. He was also recognized for hisportraits and his nudes for which he was, in 1964, considered one of the greatest photographers in theworld together with Guy Bourdin and Lucien Clergue. He produced portraits of many personalities such asJohnny Hallyday, Gilbert Bécaud, Mireille Darc, Jacques Brel, Fernand Raynaud, Anna Karina, Samy DavisJr., Jeanne Moreau, Steve McQueen and his long-time friends, Daniel Sorano and Jacques Dufilho as wellas Gonzague Saint Bris with whom he was very close  and who nicknamed him “The Toulouse-Lautrec ofphotography’’. In 1961 he participated alongside Edouard Boubat, Agnès Varda, Man Ray, Frank Horvat,"}
{"doc_id":"doc_207","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Arthur Lehman GoodhartArthur Lehman Goodhart  (1 March 1891 in New York City – 10November 1978 in Oxford) was an American-born academic jurist and lawyer; he was Professor ofJurisprudence at the University of Oxford, 1931–51, when he was also a Fellow of University College,Oxford. He was the first American to be the Master of an Oxford college, and was a significant benefactorto the college.Early life and educationArthur Goodhart was born to a Jewish family in New York City, theyoungest of three children born to Harriet \"Hattie\" (née Lehman) and Philip Julius Goodhart. His siblingswere Howard Lehman Goodhart and Helen Goodhart Altschul (married to Frank Altschul). His maternalgrandfather was Mayer Lehman, one of three brothers who co-founded the investment banking firmLehman Brothers. Goodhart was educated at the Hotchkiss School, Yale University and Trinity College,Cambridge. At Yale, he was an editor of campus humor magazine The Yale Record. After returning to theUnited States, he practised law until World War I. Following the war, he started to pursue an academiccareer in law, initially at Cambridge University and later at Oxford University where he became Professorof Jurisprudence and subsequently the Master of University College. He was editor of the Law QuarterlyReview for fifty years.CareerRejected for service with British forces in World War I, in 1914, Goodhartbecame a member of the U.S. forces when the U.S. joined the war in 1917; he became counsel to theU.S. mission to Poland, in 1919.Goodhart was called to the bar by the Inner Temple 1919, and became afellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and university lecturer in jurisprudence; he edited theCambridge Law Journal, 1921–5, and the Law Quarterly Review, 1926. In 1931 he moved to Oxford tobecome professor of jurisprudence. He gave up that chair when he became Master of University College,Oxford, 1951–63. Subsequently, he was an Honorary Fellow of the college until his death in 1978. In1952 he delivered the Hamlyn Lectures.As a member of the Law Revision Committee, Goodhart helped topromote improvements in various branches of the law.Personal lifeArthur Goodhart was married to CecilyGoodhart (née Carter), a devout Anglican. They had three children: Sir Philip Goodhart; WilliamGoodhart, Lord Goodhart of Youlbury; and Charles Goodhart (after whom Goodhart's law isnamed).LegacyStudents during Goodhart's Mastership of University College included Bob Hawke,matriculated 1953, who was later Prime Minister of Australia.The Goodhart Quad and the GoodhartBuilding (to the east, overlooking the quad and used for student accommodation) at University College,Oxford, off Logic Lane, are named in his memory. The largest lecture theatre in the Sir David WilliamsBuilding, which houses the Faculty of Law at the University of Cambridge, is also named \"The ArthurGoodhart Lecture Theatre\" after him. Cecily's Court, a small open area containing a fountain, locatedbetween the Goodhart Building and 83–85 High Street, is named in memory of Goodhart's wife.Honoursand titles1938 Honorary bencher, Lincoln's Inn1943, King's Counsel1948, Honorary Knight Commander ofthe Order of the British Empire (KBE). As a US citizen, an honorary knighthood, and name not prefixed\"Sir\"1952, Fellow of the British AcademyHe received honorary degrees from twenty universitiesHonoraryFellow, Trinity College, CambridgeHonorary Fellow, University College, OxfordPassage 2:ChristopherShinnChristopher Shinn (born 1975) is an American playwright. His play Dying City (2006) was a finalistfor the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for Drama, and Where Do We Live (2004) won the 2005 Obie Award,Playwriting.Early lifeShinn was born in Hartford, Connecticut in 1975 and lives in New York. He earned aBFA, Dramatic Writing, from New York University.The Royal Court Theatre in London produced his firstplay Four and commissioned several plays from him. Shinn said: \"The fifteen years I was embraced bythe Court allowed me to become the artist I am today.\"CareerIn an article about Shinn, RobWeinert-Kendt observed: \"If playwright Christopher Shinn has a signature character, it is themanipulative victim — the half-sympathetic, half-deplorable sort of person whose suffering is real butwho uses it as rationale for bad behavior.\" As an example, in Dying City, \"Shinn conjured twin terrors: apair of brothers, one a straight soldier shipping off to Iraq, the other a successful gay actor.\"Four wasproduced by the Royal Court Theatre in their Young Writers' Festival in 1998. The play was produced bythe Worth Street Company at the TriBeCa Playhouse, New York City, in July 2001, directed by Jeff Cohen.It was produced by the Manhattan Theatre Club at Stage II in association with the Worth Street Company"}
{"doc_id":"doc_208","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Tiberius (son of Maurice)Tiberius (Greek: Τιβέριος, died 27 November 602) was the second sonof Byzantine Emperor Maurice and his wife Constantina. His father intended him to inherit Italy and thewestern islands, centered in Rome; however, this did not come to fruition as his father was overthrownby the new Emperor Phocas, who had him and his father executed, along with his younger brothers, inthe Harbor of Eutropius, Chalcedon.Early life and familyTiberius was the second son of Byzantine EmperorMaurice, and Constantina. He was named in honor of Emperor Tiberius II, his maternal grandfather. Hehad an older brother, Theodosius, four younger brothers, Peter, Paul, Justin, and Justinian, and threesisters, Anastasia, Theoctiste, and Cleopatra. Maurice was not only the first Byzantine emperor sinceTheodosius I to produce a son, but his and Constantina's ability to produce numerous children was thesubject of popular jokes.Maurice had served as magister militum per Orientem, the commander ofByzantine forces in the East, securing decisive victories over the Sassanian Empire. The ruling ByzantineEmperor, Tiberius II, weakened by illness, named Maurice one of his two heirs, alongside Germanus,planning to divide the empire in two, giving Maurice the Eastern half. However, Germanus declined, andtherefore, on 13 August 582, Maurice was married to Constantina and declared emperor. Tiberius II diedthe following day, and Maurice became sole emperor.Later lifeAccording to his father's will, written in 597when he was suffering from severe illness, Maurice intended for Tiberius to rule Italy and the westernislands, centered in Rome, rather than Ravenna, with Theodosius ruling in the East, centered inConstantinople. Theophylact Simocatta, a contemporary source, states that the remainder of the empirewould be split by Maurice's younger sons, and Byzantist J. B. Bury suggests one would rule North Africa,and the other Illyricum, including Greece, with Domitian of Melitene as their guardian. Historian JohannesWienand suggests that in this arrangement, Theodosius would serve as senior augustus, Tiberius asjunior augustus, and the younger brothers as caesars.In 602 Maurice ordered the Byzantine army towinter beyond the Danube, causing troops exhausted by warfare against the Slavs to rise up, and declarePhocas their leader. The troops demanded Maurice abdicate in favor of Theodosius or General Germanus.On 22 November 602, facing riots in Constantinople led by the Green faction, Maurice and his familyboarded a warship bound for Nicomedia.  Theodosius may have been at that time in the Sasanian Empire,on a diplomatic mission, or, according to some sources, was later sent by Maurice to request aid from theSassanian Emperor Khosrow II.Phocas was crowned emperor the next day, on the 23rd, after he arrivedin the capital. After surviving a storm, Tiberius and his family landed at Saint Autonomos, near Praenetus,45 miles (72 km) from Constantinople, but were forced to stay there due to Maurice's arthritis, which lefthim bed-ridden. They were captured by Lilios, an officer of Phocas, and brought to the Harbor ofEutropius at Chalcedon, where on 27 November 602, Tiberius and his three younger brothers were put todeath, followed by Maurice himself. Their remains were gathered by Gordia, Tiberius' aunt, and interredat the Monastery of Saint Mamas, which she had founded. Theodosius was subsequently captured andexecuted when he returned, while Constantina and her daughters were taken under the protection ofCyriacus II, the Patriarch of Constantinople.Passage 2:Augustus II the StrongAugustus II (12 May 1670 –1 February 1733), most commonly known as Augustus the Strong, was Elector of Saxony from 1694 aswell as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania in the years 1697–1706 and from 1709 until his deathin 1733. He belonged to the Albertine line of the House of Wettin.Augustus' great physical strengthearned him the nicknames \"the Strong\", \"the Saxon Hercules\" and \"Iron-Hand\". He liked to show that helived up to his name by breaking horseshoes with his bare hands and engaging in fox tossing by holdingthe end of his sling with just one finger while two of the strongest men in his court held the other end. Heis also notable for fathering a very large number of children.In order to be elected king of thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Augustus converted to Roman Catholicism. As a Catholic, he receivedthe Order of the Golden Fleece from the Holy Roman Emperor and established the Order of the WhiteEagle, Poland's highest distinction. As Elector of Saxony, he is perhaps best remembered as a patron ofthe arts and architecture. He transformed the Saxon capital of Dresden into a major cultural centre,attracting artists from across Europe to his court. Augustus also amassed an impressive art collection and"}
{"doc_id":"doc_209","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Hafsa HatunHafsa Hatun (Ottoman Turkish: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, \"young lioness\") was a Turkishprincess, and a consort of Bayezid I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.LifeHafsa Hatun was the daughter ofIsa Bey, the ruler of the Aydinids. She was married to Bayezid in 1390, upon his conquest of theAydinids. Her father had surrendered without a fight, and a marriage was arranged between her andBayezid. Thereafter, Isa was sent into exile in Iznik, shorn of his power, where he subsequently died. Hermarriage strengthened the bonds between the two families.CharitiesHafsa Hatun's public works arelocated within her father's territory and may have been built before she married Bayezid. Shecommissioned a fountain in Tire city and a Hermitage in Bademiye, and a mosque known as \"Hafsa HatunMosque\" between 1390 and 1392 from the money she received in her dowry.See alsoOttomandynastyOttoman EmpirePassage 2:Cornelia (mother of the Gracchi)Cornelia (c. 190s – c. 115 BC) wasthe second daughter of Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, a Roman general prominent in the SecondPunic War, and Aemilia Paulla. Although drawing similarities to prototypical examples of virtuous Romanwomen, such as Lucretia, Cornelia puts herself apart from the rest because of her interest in literature,writing, and her investment in the political careers of her sons. She was the mother of the Gracchibrothers, and the mother-in-law of Scipio Aemilianus.BiographyCornelia married Tiberius SemproniusGracchus, grandson of Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, when he was already in middle age. The unionproved to be a happy one, and together they had 12 children, which is very unusual by Roman standards.Six of them were boys and six were girls. Only three are known to have survived childhood: Sempronia,who married her cousin Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus, and the two Gracchi brothers (Tiberius andGaius Gracchus), who would defy the political institutions of Rome with their attempts at popularreforms.After her husband's death, she chose to remain a widow while still enjoying a princess-like statusand set herself to educating her children. She even refused the marriage proposal of King Ptolemy VIIIPhyscon because she is made to be a virtuous and dutiful wife after the death of her only husband.However, her refusal could simply be justified by the fact that she had a desire for more independenceand freedom in the manner in which her children were to be raised.Later in her life, Cornelia studiedliterature, Latin, and Greek. Cornelia took advantage of the Greek scholars she brought to Rome, notablythe philosophers Blossius (from Cumae) and Diophanes (from Mytilene), who were to educate youngmen. She had been taught the importance of receiving an education and came to play an extensive rolein her sons' education during the \"bygone republican era,\" resulting in the creation of a \"superior breed ofRoman political leader.\" Cornelia always supported her sons Tiberius and Gaius, even when their actionsoutraged the conservative patrician families in which she was born. She took a lot of pride in them,comparing her children to \"jewels\" and other precious things, according to Valerius Maximus.After theirviolent deaths, she retired from Rome to a villa in Misenum but continued to receive guests. Her villa sawthe likes of many learned men, including Greek scholars, who came from all over the Roman world toread and discuss their ideas freely. Rome worshipped her virtues, and when she died at an advanced age,the city voted for a statue in her honor.Role in the political careers of her childrenIt is important to notethat M. I. Finely advances the argument that \"the exclusion of women from any direct participation inpolitical or governmental activity\" was a normal practice in Ancient Roman society. Therefore, it isextremely difficult to characterize the extent of Cornelia's involvement in the political careers of herchildren, yet there is important evidence to support the fact that she was, at the very least, engaged.Acommon social practice in Rome was extending the political line of a family through dynastic marriages,especially when two families were rising to power at about the same time. The marriage of Sempronia(Cornelia's daughter) to her cousin reaffirmed the continuation of the great Scipio lineage, seeing asthough the legacy of Scipio Africanus had to be continued somehow. Scipio Aemilianus saw importantgrowth in his political prestige as a result of this marriage, although not enough to compare to hisbrothers-in-law and their revolutionary political reforms.One of the most important aspects of the life ofCornelia is her relationship with her adult sons. Most of the information that we have on her role duringthis time is what Plutarch wrote in both the Life of Tiberius Gracchus and the Life of Gaius Gracchus. She"}
{"doc_id":"doc_210","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:John III, Duke of BrabantJohn III (Dutch: Jan; 1300 – 5 December 1355) was Duke ofBrabant, Lothier (1312–1355) and Limburg (1312–1347 then 1349–1355). He was the son of John II,Duke of Brabant, and Margaret of England.John and the towns of BrabantThe early fourteenth century, aperiod of economic boom for Brabant, marks the rise of the duchy's towns, which depended on imports ofEnglish wool for their essential cloth industry. During John's minority, the major towns of Brabant had theauthority to appoint councillors to direct a regency, under terms of the Charter of Kortenberg granted byhis father in the year of his death (1312). By 1356 his daughter and son-in-law were forced to accept thefamous Joyous Entry as a condition for their recognition, so powerful had the states of Brabantbecome.The marital alignment with France was tested and failed as early as 1316, when Louis Xrequested Brabant to cease trade with Flanders and to participate in a French attack; the councillorsrepresenting the towns found this impossible, and in reprisal Louis prohibited all French trade withBrabant in February 1316, in violation of a treaty of friendship he had signed with Brabant in the previousOctober.The French alliance, 1332–1337After his initial period of maintaining independent neutrality fromboth France and England failed, neighbouring sovereigns in the Low Countries, stimulated as a matter ofpolicy by Philip VI of France, became John's enemies; among the adversaries of John were the Count ofFlanders, the prince-bishop of Liège, and counts of Holland and Guelders. In 1332, a crisis with the kingof France arose over John's hospitality to Robert, count of Artois, during his journey to eventual asylumat the English court. In response to French pressure John reminded Philip that he did not hold Brabantfrom him but from God alone. A brief campaign of a coalition of Philip's friends came to a truce, followedby a pact at Compiègne by which John received a fief from Philip worth 2000 livres and declared himself avassal of France. His oldest son, Jean, was betrothed to Philip's daughter Marie, and it was agreed thatthe Brabançon heir would complete his education at the French court in Paris and that Robert of Artoiswould be expelled from Brabant.The support of France strengthened John's hand with his feudal suzerain,the Holy Roman Emperor. Though he was technically the Emperor's feudal vassal, John had been able toignore Emperor Louis IV's summons to join him in his intended invasion of Lombardy (1327). Theseparation of Brabant from the Empire was completed by the Burgundian dukes of Brabant in thefifteenth century.Meanwhile, the princes of the Low Countries settled their differences and formed acoalition against Brabant with a defensive alliance in June 1333. War was briefly brought to the Duchy ofBrabant in the summer of 1334, but resolved by a peace brokered by Philip at Amiens. The French kingdeclared that John had to hand over the town of Tiel and its neighbouring villages Heerewaarden andZandwijk to the count of Guelders and to betroth his daughter Marie to the count's son, Reinoud.TheEnglish alliance, 1337–1345When Edward III of England decided to press his claim to the crown of Francein 1337, John, who was his first cousin, became an ally of England during the first stage of the HundredYears' War. King Edward's diplomatic offensive to draw Brabant away from France, produced asympathetic response from Duke John. Disrupting the staple connection between the towns of Flandersand the sources of English wool should divert it to the towns of Brabant, notably the recently establishedwool exchange. Edward protected Brabançon merchants in England from arrest or the confiscation oftheir goods, and he sweetened his offers with a promise of £60,000, an immense sum, and to make goodany losses of revenue that might result from penalties by the king of France. The same month of July1337 John promised Edward 1,200 of his men-at-arms in the event of an English campaign in France,Edward to pay their salary. In August Edward pledged not to negotiate with the king without priorconsultation with the duke. The alliance, kept secret at John's insistence, came into the open whenEdward landed with his troops at Antwerp July 1338. John received the promised subsidy (March 1339)and agreed in June to betroth John's second daughter, Margaret, to Edward, the Black Prince, heir to theEnglish throne. Two seasons of inconclusive campaigning that ravaged the north of France left Edwardpenniless at the end of 1341; he returned home, and when he returned to the fray, it was to Brittany: henever returned to the Low Countries.The French alliance, 1345–1355Though John was requesting papaldispensation for the marriage of Margaret and the Black Prince in 1343, the alliance with England"}
{"doc_id":"doc_211","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Bernie BonvoisinBernard Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: [b\u0000\u0000na\u0000 b\u0000̃vwaz\u0000̃]), known asBernie Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: [b\u0000\u0000ni b\u0000̃vwaz\u0000̃], born 9 July 1956 in Nanterre,Hauts-de-Seine), is a French hard rock singer and film director. He is best known for having been thesinger of Trust.He was one of the best friends of Bon Scott the singer of AC/DC and together theyrecorded the song \"Ride On\" which was one of the last songs by Bon Scott.External linksBernie Bonvoisinat IMDbPassage 2:Caspar BabypantsCaspar Babypants is the stage name of children's music artist ChrisBallew, who is also the vocalist and bassist of The Presidents of the United States ofAmerica.HistoryBallew's first brush with children's music came in 2002, when he recorded and donated analbum of traditional children's songs to the nonprofit Program for Early Parent Support titled \"PEPS Sing ALong!\" Although that was a positive experience for him, he did not consider making music for familiesuntil he met his wife, collage artist Kate Endle. Her art inspired Ballew to consider making music that\"sounded like her art looked\" as he has said. Ballew began writing original songs and digging up nurseryrhymes and folk songs in the public domain to interpret and make his own. The first album, Here I Am!,was recorded during the summer of 2008 and released in February 2009.Ballew began to perform solo asCaspar Babypants in the Seattle area in January 2009. Fred Northup, a Seattle-based comedy improvisor,heard the album and offered to play as his live percussionist.  Northrup also suggested his frequentcollaborator Ron Hippe as a keyboard player. \"Frederick Babyshirt\" and \"Ronald Babyshoes\" were theCaspar Babypants live band from May 2009 to April 2012. Both Northup and Hippe appear on some of hisrecordings but since April 2012 Caspar Babypants has exclusively performed solo. The reasons for thechange were to include more improvisation in the show and to reduce the sound levels so that very youngchildren and newborns could continue to attend without being overstimulated. Ballew has made twoalbums of Beatles covers as Caspar Babypants. Baby Beatles! came out in September 2013 and BeatlesBaby! came out in September 2015.Ballew runs the Aurora Elephant Music record label, books shows,produces, records, and masters the albums himself. Distribution for the albums is handled by BurnsideDistribution in Portland, Oregon.Caspar Babypants has released a total of 17 albums. The 17th album,BUG OUT!, was released on May 1, 2020. His album FLYING HIGH! was nominated for a Grammy Awardfor Best Children's Album. All 17 of the albums feature cover art by Ballew's wife, Kate Endle.\"FUNFAVORITES!\" and \"HAPPY HITS!\" are two vinyl-only collections of hit songs that Caspar Babypants hasreleased in the last couple of years.DiscographyAlbumsPEPS (2002)Here I Am! (Released 03/17/09)Special guests: Jen Wood, Fysah ThomasMore Please! (Released 12/15/09) Special guests: Fred Northup,Ron HippeThis Is Fun! (Released 11/02/10)  Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, Krist Novoselic,Charlie HopeSing Along! (Released 08/16/11) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, \"Weird Al\"Yankovic, Stone Gossard, Frances England, Rachel LoshakHot Dog! (Released 04/17/12) Special guests:Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, Rachel Flotard (Visqueen)I Found You! (Released 12/18/12) Special guests:Steve Turner (Mudhoney), Rachel Flotard (Visqueen), John RichardsBaby Beatles! (Released09/15/13)Rise And Shine! (Released 09/16/14)Night Night! (Released 03/17/15)Beatles Baby! (Released09/18/2015)Away We Go! (Released 08/12/2016)Winter Party! (Released 11/18/16)Jump For Joy!(Released 08/18/17)Sleep Tight! (Released 01/19/18)Keep It Real! (Released 08/17/18)Best Beatles!(Released 03/29/19)Flying High! (Released 08/16/19)Bug Out! (released 05/1/20)Happy Heart!(Released 11/13/20)Easy Breezy! (Released 11/05/21)AppearancesMany Hands: Family Music for HaitiCD (released 2010) – Compilation of various artistsSongs Stories And Friends: Let's Go Play – CharlieHope (released 2011) – vocals on AlouetteShake It Up, Shake It Off (released 2012) – Compilation ofvarious artistsKeep Hoping Machine Running – Songs Of Woody Guthrie (released 2012) – Compilation ofvarious artistsApple Apple – The Harmonica Pocket (released 2013) – vocals on Monkey LoveSimpatico –Rennee and Friends (released 2015) – writer and vocals on I Am Not AfraidSundrops – The HarmonicaPocket (released 2015) – vocals on Digga Dog KidPassage 3:Richard T. JonesRichard Timothy Jones (bornJanuary 16, 1972) is an American actor. He has worked extensively in both film and televisionproductions since the early 1990s. His television roles include Ally McBeal (1997), Judging Amy"}
{"doc_id":"doc_212","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Arthur BeauchampArthur Beauchamp (1827 – 28 April 1910) was a Member of Parliament from New Zealand. He is remembered as the father of Harold Beauchamp, who rose to fame as chairman of the Bank of New Zealand and was the father of writer Katherine Mansfield.BiographyBeauchamp came to Nelson from Australia on the Lalla Rookh, arriving on 23 February 1861.He lived much of his life in a number of locations around the top of the South Island, also Whanganui when Harold was 11 for seven years and then to the capital (Wellington). Then south to Christchurch and finally Picton and the Sounds. He had business failures and was bankrupted twice, in 1879 and 1884. He married Mary Stanley on the Victorian goldfields in 1854; Arthur and Mary lived in 18 locations over half a century, and are buried in Picton. Six of their ten children born between 1855 and 1893 died, including the first two sons born before Harold.Beauchamp represented the Picton electorate from 1866 to 1867, when he resigned.  He had the energy and sociability required for politics, but not the private income then required to be a parliamentarian. He supported the working man and the subdivision of big estates, opposed the confiscation of Māori land and was later recognised as a founding Liberal, the party that Harold supported and was a \"fixer\" for. Yska calls their life an extended chronicle of rootlessness, business failure and almost ceaseless family tragedy and Harold called his father a rolling stone by instinct. Arthur also served on the council of Marlborough Province and is best-remembered for a 10-hour speech to that body when an attempt was made to relocate the capital from Picton to Blenheim.In 1866 he attempted to sue the Speaker of the House, David Monro. At the time the extent of privilege held by Members of Parliament was unclear; a select committee ruled that the case could proceed, but with a stay until after the parliamentary session.See alsoYska, Redmer (2017). A Strange Beautiful Excitement: Katherine Mansfield's Wellington 1888-1903. Dunedin: Otago University Press. pp. 91–99. ISBN 978-0-947522-54-4.Passage 2:Obata ToramoriObata Toramori (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, 1491 – July 14, 1561) was Japanese samurai warrior of the Sengoku Period. He is known as one of the \"Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen\" He also recorded as having been wounded 41 times in 36 encounters. He was the father of Obata Masamori.See alsoIsao ObataPassage 3:John Templeton (botanist)John Templeton (1766–1825) was a pioneering Irish naturalist, sometimes referred to as the \"Father of Irish Botany\". He was a leading figure in Belfast's late eighteenth century enlightenment, initially supported the  United Irishmen, and figured prominently in the town's scientific and literary societies.FamilyTempleton was born in Belfast in 1766, the son of James Templeton, a prosperous wholesale merchant, and his wife Mary Eleanor, daughter of Benjamin Legg, a sugar refiner. The family resided in a 17th century country house to the south of the town, which been named Orange Grove in honour of William of Orange who had stopped at the house en route to his victory over James II at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690.Until the age of 16 Templeton attended a progressive, co-educational, school favoured by the town's liberal, largely Presbyterian, merchant class. Schoolmaster David Manson sought to exclude \"drudgery and fear\" by combining classroom instruction with play and experiential learning. Templeton counted among his schoolfellows brother and sister Henry Joy and Mary Ann McCracken, and maintained a warm friendship with them throughout his life.In 1799, Templeton married Katherine Johnson of Seymour Hill. Her family had been touched by the United Irish rebellion the previous year: her brother-in-law, Henry Munro, commander of the United army at the Battle of Ballynahinch, had been hanged. The couple had five children: Ellen, born on 30 September 1800, Robert, born on 12 December 1802, Catherine, born on 19 July 1806, Mary, born on 9 December 1809 and Matilda on 2 November 1813.The union between the two already prosperous merchant families provided more than ample means enabling Templeton to devote himself passionately to the study of natural history.United IrishmanLike many of his liberal Presbyterian peers in Belfast, Templeton was sympathetic to the programme and aims of the Society United Irishmen:  Catholic Emancipation and democratic reform of the Irish Parliament. But it was several years before he was persuaded to take the United Irish \"test\" or pledge. In March 1797 his friend, Mary Ann McCracken, wrote to her brother: [A] certain Botanical friend of ours whose steady and inflexible mind is invulnerable to any other weapon but reason, and only to be moved by conviction has at last turned his attention from the vegetable kingdom to the human species and "}
{"doc_id":"doc_213","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Fred Le DeuxFrederick David Le Deux (born 4 December 1934) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He is the grandfather of Tom Hawkins.Early lifeLe Deux grew up in Nagambie and attended Assumption College, after which he went to Bendigo to study teaching.FootballWhile a student at Bendigo Teachers' Training College, Le Deux played for the Sandhurst Football Club. He then moved to Ocean Grove to take up a teaching position and in 1956 joined Geelong.A follower and defender, Le Deux made 18 appearances for Geelong over three seasons, from 1956 to 1958 He was troubled by a back injury in 1958, which kept him out of the entire 1959 VFL season.In 1960 he joined Victorian Football Association club Mordialloc, as he had transferred to a local technical school.FamilyLe Deux's daughter Jennifer was married to former Geelong player Jack Hawkins. Jennifer died in 2015. Their son, Tom Hawkins, currently plays for Geelong.Passage 2:Lyon CohenLyon Cohen (born Yehuda Leib Cohen; May 11, 1868 – August 17, 1937) was a Polish-born Canadian businessman and a philanthropist. He was the grandfather of singer/poet Leonard Cohen.BiographyCohen was born in Congress Poland, part of the Russian Empire, to a Jewish family on May 11, 1868. He immigrated to Canada with his parents in 1871. He was educated at the McGill Model School and the Catholic Commercial Academy in Montreal. In 1888, he entered the firm of Lee & Cohen in Montreal; later became partner with his father in the firm of L. Cohen & Son; in 1895, he established W. R. Cuthbert & Co; in 1900, he organized the Canadian Improvement Co., a dredging contractor; in 1906, he founded The Freedman Co. in Montreal; and in May 1919, he organized and became President of Canadian Export Clothiers, Ltd.  The Freedman Company went on to become one of Montreal’s largest clothing companies.In 1897, Cohen and Samuel William Jacobs founded the Canadian Jewish Times, the first English-language Jewish newspaper in Canada. The newspaper promoted the Canadianization of recent East European Jewish immigrants and encouraged their acceptance of Canadian customs as Cohen felt that the old world customs of immigrant Jews were one of the main causes of anti-Semitism. In 1914, the paper was purchased by Hirsch Wolofsky, owner of the Yiddish-language Keneder Adler, who transformed it into the Canadian Jewish Chronicle.He died on August 17, 1937, at the age of 69.PhilanthropyCohen was elected the first president of the Canadian Jewish Congress in 1919 and organized the Jewish Immigrant Aid Services of Canada. Cohen was also a leader of the Young Men’s Hebrew Benevolent Society (later the Baron de Hirsch Institute) and the United Talmud Torahs, a Jewish day school in Montreal. He also served as president of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim and president of the Jewish Colonization Association in Canada.Personal lifeCohen married Rachel Friedman of Montreal on February 17, 1891. She was the founder and President of Jewish Endeavour Sewing School. They had three sons and one daughter:Nathan Bernard Cohen, who served as a lieutenant in the World War; he married Lithuanian Jewish immigrant Masha Klonitsky and they had one daughter and one son:Esther Cohen andsinger/poet Leonard Cohen.Horace Rives Cohen, who was a captain and quartermaster of his battalion in World War I;Lawrence Zebulun Cohen, student at McGill University, andSylvia Lillian Cohen.Passage 3:Kaya AlpKaya Alp (Ottoman Turkish: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000, lit. 'Brave Rock') was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kızıl Buğa or Basuk and the father of Suleyman Shah. He was the grandfather of Ertuğrul Ghazi, the father of the founder of the Ottoman Empire, Osman I. He was also famously known for being the successing name of Ertokus Bey’s son Kaya Alp. He was a descendant of the ancestor of his tribe, Kayı son of Gun son of Oghuz Khagan, the legendary progenitor of the Oghuz Turks.Passage 4:John WestleyRev. John Wesley (1636–78) was an English nonconformist minister. He was the grandfather of John Wesley (founder of Methodism).LifeJohn Wesly (his own spelling), Westley, or Wesley was probably born at Bridport, Dorset, although some authorities claim he was born in Devon, the son of the Rev. Bartholomew Westley and Ann Colley, daughter of Sir Henry Colley of Carbery Castle in County Kildare, Ireland. He was educated at Dorchester Grammar School and as a student of New Inn Hall, Oxford, where he matriculated on 23 April 1651, and graduated B.A. on 23 January 1655, and M.A. on 4 July 1657. After his appointment as an evangelist, he preached at Melcombe Regis, Radipole, and other areas in Dorset. Never episcopally ordained, he was approved by Oliver Cromwell's Commission of Triers in 1658 and appointed Vicar of "}
{"doc_id":"doc_214","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:John Scott (representative)John Scott (December 25, 1784 – September 22, 1850) was amember of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.BiographyJohn Scott (father ofPennsylvania Senator John Scott and of the 1868 candidate for Governor of Florida, George WashingtonScott) was born at Marsh Creek, Pennsylvania, near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.  He moved to Alexandria,Pennsylvania, in 1806 and was engaged as tanner and shoemaker.  He served as major in the War of1812.  He was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1819 and 1820.Scott waselected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-first Congress.  He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection tothe Twenty-second Congress.  He resumed his former business pursuits and retired from business in1842.  He died in Alexandria, Pennsylvania in 1850.  He was interred in Alexandria Cemetery.Scottmarried Agnes Irvine in 1821, Agnes is the namesake of Agnes Scott College in Decatur Georgia.Passage2:Theodred II (Bishop of Elmham)Theodred II was a medieval Bishop of Elmham.The date of Theodred'sconsecration unknown, but the date of his death was sometime between 995 and 997.Passage 3:WilliamScott (died 1524)Sir William Scott of Scot's Hall in Smeeth, Kent (1459 – 24 August 1524) was LordWarden of the Cinque Ports.FamilyWilliam Scott was the son of Sir John Scott and Agnes Beaufitz,daughter and co-heiress of William Beaufitz. His sister, Elizabeth Scott (d. 15 August 1528), married SirEdward Poynings.CareerScott rose to favour following the seizure of the throne by Henry VII. Within afew years he had been appointed to the Privy Council, appointed Comptroller of the Household and in1489 was created a Companion of the Bath at the same ceremony as Prince Arthur. He served as HighSheriff of Kent in 1491, 1501 and 1510, and was also to become Constable of Dover Castle, Marshal ofCalais (1490-1) and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (1492–1493). He remained in favour under HenryVIII, being present at the famous meeting at the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520 and one of thedeputation sent to greet Emperor Charles V when he landed at Dover in 1522.Scott inherited the manorof Brabourne in 1495, and had Scot's Hall elaborately rebuilt so that it came to be regarded as one of theforemost houses in Kent.He was buried at Brabourne, where there is a memorial brass to him in the Scottchapel in St Mary's church.Marriage and issueScott married Sibyl Lewknor, the daughter of Sir ThomasLewknor (d. 20 July 1484) of Trotton, Sussex, and Katherine Pelham (d.1481), widow of John Bramshott(d.1468), and daughter of Sir John Pelham, Chamberlain to Katherine of Valois, by whom he had twosons and four daughters:Sir John Scott (d. 7 October 1533), who married Anne Pympe, daughter andheiress of Sir Reynold Pympe, esquire, of Nettlestead, Kent, by Elizabeth or Isabel Pashley, daughter ofJohn Pashley, esquire, by whom he had five sons and seven daughters.Edward Scott of The Moat,Sussex, who married Alice Fogge, daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Fogge, sergeant porter of Calais.After Scott's death his widow married Sir Robert Oxenbridge.Anne Scott, who married Sir EdwardBoughton.Katherine Scott.Elizabeth Scott.Joan Scott, who married Thomas YeardThomasScottNotesPassage 4:John Scott (died 1533)Sir John Scott (c. 1484 – 7 October 1533) was the eldest sonof Sir William Scott of Scot's Hall. He served in King Henry VIII's campaigns in France and was active inlocal government in Kent and a Member of Parliament for New Romney. He was the grandfather of bothReginald Scott, author of The Discoverie of Witchcraft, a source for Shakespeare's Macbeth, and ThomasKeyes, who married Lady Mary Grey.FamilyAccording to MacMahon, the Scott family, which claimeddescent from John Balliol, was among the leading families in Kent during the reign of King Henry VII.JohnScott, born about 1484, was the eldest son of Sir William Scott of Scot's Hall and Sibyl Lewknor (d.1529), the daughter of Sir Thomas Lewknor of Trotton, Sussex. Scott's father, Sir William Scott, hadbeen Comptroller of the Household to King Henry VII, and Scott's grandfather, Sir John Scott, had beenComptroller of the Household to King Edward IV. Both Scott's father and grandfather had held the officesof Constable of Dover Castle and Warden of the Cinque Ports, and Scott's father had been Marshal ofCalais.Scott had a brother, Edward, and three sisters, Anne, who married Sir Edward Boughton;Katherine; and Elizabeth.CareerAs a young man Scott was knighted by the future Emperor Charles V in1511 while serving as a senior captain, under his relative Sir Edward Poynings, with the English forcessent by King Henry VIII to aid Margaret of Austria, Regent of the Low Countries, against Charles II, Duke"}
{"doc_id":"doc_215","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:The Man Without a Country (1973 film)The Man Without a Country is a 1973 Americanmade-for-television drama film based on the short story \"The Man Without a Country\" by Edward EverettHale.PlotA man damns his country and is sentenced to spend the rest of his life inexile.CastProductionRosemont spent three years trying to raise finance. He spent $16,000 of his ownmoney to prepare a visual presentation of the film and arranged for a script for be written by SidneyCarroll. During the course of research he discovered that the book was not based on a true story althoughit was inspired by the Aaron Burr conspiracy.He eventually succeeded in getting sponsorship fromEastman Kodak.\"Casting was so essential,\" said Rosemont. \"We had to find an actor who could age 60years on screen. The makeup was the easiest. Making him look young was the hardest.\"Rosemontapproached Cliff Robertson, although the actor had not done television for years. \"But when he saw ourresearch it turned him on.\" he said. \"It's a dream part for an actor.\"Cliff Robertson signed to make thefilm in August 1972 and filming began in September. \"We had to change our schedule to fit Cliff's,\" saidRosemont. \"It cost me a lot of money but it was worth it.\"Filming took place in Mystic, Connecticut,Newport, Rhode Island and Fort Niagara, New York.Director Delbert Mann says Robertson was \"verydifficult to work with\" on the film. He gave an instance where Robertson kept emphasising the word\"United\" when referring to the \"United States\" (\"he thought the young people would reject the patriotismaspects\"). \"We went for about 20 takes, he never changed it, but he modified it on the last take, whichwe used in the picture. He still wouldn't change it in post-production dubbing. It was a matter of takingthe best take we had and going with it.\"Filming was expensive. \"I do my own work,\" said Rosemont. \"Ifthere's a deficit I pay for it. My money is on the line. I put it on screen. Hopefully it will enjoy manyrepeats; it's an ageless story, a potential TV perennial.\"LocationsIn the summer of 1972, the replica ofHMS Rose (later renamed HMS Surprise for another film) was hired for the film, a made-for-televisionproduction. Norman Rosemont Productions was unable to find the money to take the ship out sailing, soall the filming was shot with sails set, as the ship was securely moored to the pier, next to the causewayto Goat Island. During filming Cliff Robertson had to hide that he had a broken leg at thetime.ReceptionMann said, \"The end result was fascinating. The older audience took to the picture and thecritics were marvelous. People saying, look at the unfeeling government, crushing this man. The youngpeople got what they wanted and others saw it as love of country. We had it both ways.\"AwardsThe filmwas nominated for Best Cinematography for Entertainment Programming – For a Special or FeatureLength Program Made for Television at the 26th Primetime Emmy Awards.Passage 2:Nick StahlNicolasKent Stahl (born December 5, 1979) is an American actor. Starting out as a child actor, he gainedrecognition for his performance in the 1993 film The Man Without a Face, co-starring Mel Gibson. He latertransitioned into his adult career with roles in the films Disturbing Behavior, The Thin Red Line, In theBedroom, Bully, Sin City, and Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines in the role of John Connor, as well as onthe HBO series Carnivàle in the role of Ben Hawkins. He also starred as Jason Riley on the AMC televisionseries Fear the Walking Dead. In April 2023, he starred as Lucas on the Hulu television series TinyBeautiful Things.Early lifeStahl was born in Harlingen, Texas, the son of Donna Lynn (née Reed), abrokerage assistant, and William Kent Stahl, a businessman. He was raised in Dallas along with his twosisters by his mother, who struggled to make ends meet.CareerHis first professional casting was inStranger at My Door (1991), although he had been acting in children's plays since he was four years old.The 1993 film The Man Without a Face, co-starring Mel Gibson, helped boost his career at the age of 13.The following year, he had a supporting role in the ensemble film Safe Passage. In 1996, he played therole of Puck in Benjamin Britten's opera A Midsummer Night's Dream at The Metropolitan Opera in NewYork. In 1998 he played a doomed young soldier during the World War II Pacific War in The Thin RedLine. He scored critical and box office success again with his role in the 2001 movie In the Bedroom,which starred Sissy Spacek as his mother. He scored another box office hit in Terminator 3: Rise of theMachines (2003) as John Connor (replacing Edward Furlong from Terminator 2: Judgment Day),co-starring with Arnold Schwarzenegger and Claire Danes. In 2003, he starred in the HBO series"}
{"doc_id":"doc_216","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Virginia von FürstenbergPrincess Virginia Maria Clara von und zu Fürstenberg (Virginia MariaClara Prinzessin von und zu Fürstenberg; 5 October 1974 – 10 May 2023) was an Italian artist, poet,filmmaker, and fashion designer.Early life and familyPrincess Virginia von Fürstenberg was born in Genoa,Italy on 5 October 1974 to Prince Sebastian zu Fürstenberg and Elisabetta Guarnati. She was a memberof the House of Fürstenberg. Her paternal grandparents were Prince Tassilo zu Fürstenberg and ClaraAgnelli. She was a niece of actress Princess Ira von Fürstenberg and fashion designer Prince Egon vonFürstenberg, the ex-husband of Diane von Fürstenberg. Von Fürstenberg was a first cousin of PrinceAlexandre von Fürstenberg, Tatiana von Fürstenberg, Prince Hubertus of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, and thelate Prince Christoph of Hohenlohe-Langenburg.CareerVon Fürstenberg was a fashion designer andcreator of the fashion label Virginia Von Zu Furstenberg. She made her fashion debut in March 2011 atthe Teatro Filodrammatici in Milan. Her first collection was sold exclusively at boutiques in Milan,Florence, and Rome. In September 2011, von Fürstenberg debuted a theatrical work titledDISMORPHOPHOBIA that combined spoken word, fashion, film, movement, and dance. She debuted hersecond collection at Milano Moda Donna in Milan on 23 September 2011. She also wrote poetry, and attimes combined her poetry and fashion design in some of her work.In 2012, von Fürstenberg collaboratedwith Tommaso Trak to shoot a film focusing on the life of her great-grandmother, Virginia Bourbon delMonte. In 2017, von Fürstenberg created an art installation dedicated to her mother titled There was anice home, which was displayed at the Grossetti Arte Gallery in Venice.Personal life and deathVonFürstenberg married Baron Alexandre Csillaghy de Pacsér, a Hungarian nobleman, in 1992. Their son,Baron Miklós Tassilo Csillaghy, is an equestrian. Their daughter, Baroness Ginevra Csillaghy, has modeledfor the Virginia Von Zu Furstenberg fashion line. She and Csillaghy de Pacsér divorced in 2003. In 2002, ayear before her divorce was finalized, she gave birth to a daughter, Clara Bacco Dondi dall'Orologio, fromher relationship with Giovanni Bacco Dondi dall'Orologio. In 2004, she married Paco Polenghi with whomshe had two children, Otto Leone Maria Polenghi and Santiago Polenghi. Von Fürstenberg and Polenghilater divorced. On 28 October 2017, she married Janusz Gawronski, a descendent of a noble and ancientPolish family. In 2020, the couple divorced.Virginia died on 10 May 2023, aged 48, after falling from thetop floor of a hotel(falling/slipping in the washroom).Passage 2:Joseph Maria, Prince ofFürstenbergJoseph Maria Benedikt zu Fürstenberg-Stühlingen (9 January 1758 – 24 June 1796) was aGerman nobleman and from 1783 until his death the seventh reigning prince of Fürstenberg. He was bornin Donaueschingen, where he also died. He was the eldest son of Joseph Wenzel zu Fürstenberg and hiswife Maria Josepha von Waldburg-Scheer-Trauchburg. He died childless and was succeeded by hisyounger brother Karl Joachim.Passage 3:Where Was I\"Where Was I?\" may refer to:Books\"Where WasI?\", essay by David Hawley Sanford from The Mind's IWhere Was I?, book by John Haycraft 2006Wherewas I?!, book by Terry Wogan 2009Film and TVWhere Was I? (film), 1925 film directed by William A.Seiter. With Reginald Denny, Marian Nixon, Pauline Garon, Lee Moran.Where Was I? (2001 film),biography about songwriter Tim RoseWhere Was I? (TV series) 1952–1953 Quiz show with the panelistsattempting to guess a location by looking at photos\"Where Was I?\" episode of Shoestring (TV series)1980Music\"Where was I\", song by W. Franke Harling and Al Dubin performed by Ruby Newman and HisOrchestra  with vocal chorus by  Larry Taylor and Peggy McCall  1939\"Where Was I\", single from CharleyPride discography 1988\"Where Was I\" (song), a 1994 song by Ricky Van Shelton\"Where Was I (DondeEstuve Yo)\", song by Joe Pass from Simplicity (Joe Pass album)\"Where Was I?\", song by Guttermouthfrom The Album Formerly Known as a Full Length LP (Guttermouth album)\"Where Was I\", song bySawyer Brown (Billy Maddox, Paul Thorn, Anne Graham) from Can You Hear Me Now 2002\"Where WasI?\", song  by  Kenny Wayne Shepherd from Live On  1999\"Where Was I\", song by Melanie Laine (VictoriaBanks, Steve Fox) from Time Flies (Melanie Laine album)\"Where Was I\", song by Rosie Thomas from WithLove (Rosie Thomas album)Passage 4:Joseph Wenzel, Prince of FürstenbergJoseph Wenzel zuFürstenberg-Stühlingen (21 March 1728 - 2 June 1783) was a German nobleman and from 1762 to 1783the sixth ruling Prince of Fürstenberg.LifeJoseph Wenzel was the eldest son of prince Joseph zu"}
{"doc_id":"doc_217","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:SuhaaganSuhaagan (transl. Married woman) is a 1986 Indian Hindi-language drama film,produced by M. Arjuna Raju under the Roja Enterprises banner and directed by K. Raghavendra Rao. Itstars Jeetendra, Sridevi, Padmini Kolhapure  and music composed by Bappi Lahari. The film is a remakeof the Tamil film Enkeyo Ketta Kural (1982).PlotRam Babu was a simple tiller of the soil, and he used tolook after the agricultural lands of this neighbour Jagat Prasad. Jagat Prasad has two daughters, Jankiand Jyoti. Janki is a well known punk while Jyoti is just a  plain and simple girl. Jyoti likes Ram Babu, butit is Janki who is married to Ram Babu. Ram Babu and Janki became the parents of baby girl, but theirway of thinking is like two sides of the same coin, and to widen it more is a young man Murali. Murali wasJagat Prasad's friend's grandson, with his gift of talks, his bright outlook, he kindles a new light in the dulllife of Janki. So far so, that Janki leaves her child and husband and elopes with Murali. On the insistenceof Jagat Prasad, Ram marries Jyoti. Masterji comes to meet Janaki and Murali and tells them that whatthey did was very wrong. Janaki feels guilty and Murli understands that Janaki doesn't want to live withhim anymore. Murli arranges a house on the outskirts of Janaki's village where he ask her to go and stay.The same night Murali commits suicide. Janaki is surprised to see him dead however leaves for hervillage. Everyone berates her. Years pass and Janakis daughter Meena starts going to school. Janakimeets her daughter and every evening takes her to her house to play. Jyoti learns of this and scoldsJanaki and Meena. In anger she burns Meena's arm and when Ram scolds her for that she feels guilty andburns her own as well. Janaki falls sick and refuses to take medicines. Her mother visits her and she askfor forgiveness. She ask her mother to ask Ram to meet her once before she dies. Ram agrees and goesto meet Janaki. Janaki cries for forgiveness and Ram forgives her. He also promises to perform her lastrites as her husband once she dies. As soon as Ram leaves Janaki touches his slippers that he left behindand dies. As promised and despite objection from Jagat Prasad and threat of being ostracized from thevillage Ram and Jyoti perform Janaki's last rites.CastJeetendra as RamSridevi as JankiPadmini Kolhapureas JyotiRaj Babbar as MurliPran as Jagat PrasadTanuja as ShantaKader Khan as MasterjiShakti Kapoor asLeela KrishnaAruna Irani as RadhaChandrashekhar as Murli's grandfatherAsraniSoundtrackThe music forthe film was composed by Bappi Lahiri and written by Indeevar.Passage 2:Just Friends (1993 film)JustFriends is a 1993 Belgian-Dutch film. It was directed and produced by Marc-Henri Wajnberg, written byPierre Sterckx and Alexandre Wajnberg, and starred Josse De Pauw, Ann-Gisel Glass, Charles Berling,and Sylvie Milhaud. Set in Antwerp, Just Friends is about the jazz scene in the 1950s.The film receivedthe André Cavens Award and won three Joseph Plateau Awards, including Best Film and Best Director forWajnberg. It was selected as the Belgian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 66th AcademyAwards.The music was written and supervised by Michel Herr and featured saxophonist Archie Shepp.SeealsoList of Belgian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language FilmList of submissionsto the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language FilmPassage 3:Just Friends (disambiguation)JustFriends is a 2005 romantic comedy film starring Ryan Reynolds and Amy Smart.Just Friends may alsorefer to:Film and televisionJust Friends (1993 film), a Belgian-Dutch film directed by Marc-HenriWajnbergJust Friends? (2009 film), a 2009 South Korean short film directed by Kim Jho Kwang-sooJustFriends (2018 film), a 2018 Dutch film, original title Gewoon Vrienden, directed by Ellen Smit\"JustFriends\" (Degrassi High), an episode of Degrassi High\"Just Friends\" (Life with Derek), an episode of Lifewith Derek Just Friends (TV series), a 1979 American sitcomMusicAlbumsJust Friends (Joe Temperley andJimmy Knepper album), 1978Just Friends (soundtrack), a soundtrack album from the 2005 filmJustFriends (Rick Haydon and John Pizzarelli album), 2006Just Friends (Zoot Sims and Harry Edison album),1980Just Friends, a 1989 album by Oliver JonesJust Friends, a 1989 album by Helen MerrillJust Friends(Buddy Tate, Nat Simkins and Houston Person album), 1992Riddim Driven: Just Friends, a 2002compilation albumSongs\"Just Friends\" (Danny! song), 2009\"Just Friends\" (Hayden James song),2018\"Just Friends\" (John Klenner and Sam M. Lewis song), 1931\"Just Friends (Sunny)\", a 1999 song byMusiq Soulchild\"Just Friends\", a song by Amy Winehouse from Back to Black\"Just Friends\", a song byGavin DeGraw from Chariot\"Just Friends\", a song by the Jonas Brothers from Jonas Brothers\"Just"}
{"doc_id":"doc_218","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:John WestleyRev. John Wesley (1636–78) was an English nonconformist minister. He was the grandfather of John Wesley (founder of Methodism).LifeJohn Wesly (his own spelling), Westley, or Wesley was probably born at Bridport, Dorset, although some authorities claim he was born in Devon, the son of the Rev. Bartholomew Westley and Ann Colley, daughter of Sir Henry Colley of Carbery Castle in County Kildare, Ireland. He was educated at Dorchester Grammar School and as a student of New Inn Hall, Oxford, where he matriculated on 23 April 1651, and graduated B.A. on 23 January 1655, and M.A. on 4 July 1657. After his appointment as an evangelist, he preached at Melcombe Regis, Radipole, and other areas in Dorset. Never episcopally ordained, he was approved by Oliver Cromwell's Commission of Triers in 1658 and appointed Vicar of Winterborne Whitechurch.The report of his interview in 1661 with Gilbert Ironside the elder, his diocesan, according to Alexander Gordon writing in the Dictionary of National Biography, shows him to have been an Independent. He was imprisoned for not using the Book of Common Prayer, imprisoned again and ejected in 1662. After the Conventicle Act 1664 he continued to preach in small gatherings at Preston and then Poole, until his death at Preston in 1678.FamilyHe married a daughter of John White, who was related also to Thomas Fuller. White, the \"Patriarch of Dorchester\", married a sister of Cornelius Burges. Westley's eldest son was Timothy (born 1659). Their second son was Rev. Samuel Wesley, a High Church Anglican vicar and the father of John and Charles Wesley. A younger son, Matthew Wesley, remained a nonconformist, became a London apothecary, and died on 10 June 1737, leaving a son, Matthew, in India; he provided for some of his brother Samuel's daughters.NotesAdditional sourcesMatthews, A. G., \"Calamy Revised\", Oxford University Press, 1934, page 521. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: \"Wesley, Samuel (1662-1735)\". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.Passage 2:Kaya AlpKaya Alp (Ottoman Turkish: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000, lit. 'Brave Rock') was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kızıl Buğa or Basuk and the father of Suleyman Shah. He was the grandfather of Ertuğrul Ghazi, the father of the founder of the Ottoman Empire, Osman I. He was also famously known for being the successing name of Ertokus Bey’s son Kaya Alp. He was a descendant of the ancestor of his tribe, Kayı son of Gun son of Oghuz Khagan, the legendary progenitor of the Oghuz Turks.Passage 3:Abd al-MuttalibShayba ibn Hāshim (Arabic: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000; c. 497–578), better known as \u0000Abd al-Mu\u0000\u0000alib, (Arabic: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, lit. 'Servant of Muttalib') was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation. He was the grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.Early lifeHis father was Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf,: 81 the progenitor of the distinguished Banu Hashim, a clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca. They claimed descent from Ismā'īl and Ibrāhīm. His mother was Salma bint Amr, from the Banu Najjar, a clan of the Khazraj tribe in Yathrib (later called Madinah). Hashim died while doing business in Gaza, before Abd al-Muttalib was born.: 81 His real name was \"Shaiba\" meaning 'the ancient one' or ' white-haired' because of the streak of white through his jet-black hair, and is sometimes also called Shaybah al-\u0000amd (\"The white streak of praise\").: 81–82 After his father's death he was raised in Yathrib with his mother and her family until about the age of eight, when his uncle Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf went to see him and asked his mother Salmah to entrust Shaybah to his care. Salmah was unwilling to let her son go and Shaiba refused to leave his mother without her consent. Mu\u0000\u0000alib then pointed out that the possibilities Yathrib had to offer were incomparable to Mecca. Salmah was impressed with his arguments, so she agreed to let him go. Upon first arriving in Mecca, the people assumed the unknown child was Muttalib's servant and started calling him 'Abd al-Muttalib (\"servant of Muttalib\").: 85–86Chieftain of Hashim clanWhen Mu\u0000\u0000alib died, Shaiba succeeded him as the chief of the Hāshim clan. Following his uncle Al-Mu\u0000\u0000alib, he took over the duties of providing the pilgrims with food and water, and carried on the practices of his forefathers with his people. He attained such eminence as none of his forefathers enjoyed; his people loved him and his reputation was great among them.: 61 'Umar ibn Al-Kha\u0000\u0000āb's grandfather Nufayl ibn Abdul Uzza arbitrated in a dispute between 'Abdul-Mu\u0000\u0000alib and \u0000arb ibn Umayyah, Abu Sufyan's father, over the custodianship of the Kaaba. Nufayl gave his verdict in favour of ' Abdul-Mu\u0000\u0000alib. Addressing \u0000arb ibn Umayyah, he said:Why do you pick a quarrel with a person who is "}
{"doc_id":"doc_219","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Hartley LobbanHartley W Lobban (9 May 1926 – 15 October 2004) was a Jamaican-bornfirst-class cricketer who played 17 matches for Worcestershire in the early 1950s.Life and careerLobbanplayed little cricket in Jamaica. He went to England at the end of World War II as a member of the RoyalAir Force, and settled in Kidderminster in Worcestershire in 1947, where he worked as a civilian lorrydriver for the RAF. He began playing for Kidderminster Cricket Club in the Birmingham League, and at thestart of the 1952 season, opening the bowling for the club's senior team, he had figures of 7 for 9 and 7for 37.Worcestershire invited him to play for them, and he made his first-class debut against Sussex inJuly 1952. He took five wickets in the match (his maiden victim being Ken Suttle) and then held on for 4not out with Peter Richardson (20 not out) to add the 12 runs needed for a one-wicket victory after hiscounty had collapsed from 192 for 2 to 238 for 9. A week later he claimed four wickets againstWarwickshire, then a few days later still he managed 6 for 52 (five of his victims bowled) in what wasotherwise a disastrous innings defeat to Derbyshire. In the last match of the season he took a career-best6 for 51 against Glamorgan; he and Reg Perks (4 for 59) bowled unchanged throughout the first innings.Worcestershire won the game and Lobban finished the season with 23 wickets at 23.69.He took 23wickets again in 1953, but at a considerably worse average of 34.43, and had only two really successfulgames: against Oxford University in June, when he took 5 for 70, and then against Sussex in July. On thisoccasion Lobban claimed eight wickets, his most in a match, including 6 for 103 in the first innings. Healso made his highest score with the bat, 18, but Sussex won by five wickets.In 1954 Lobban made onlytwo first-class appearances, and managed only the single wicket of Gloucestershire tail-ender BomberWells. In his final game, against Warwickshire at Dudley, his nine first-innings overs cost 51. He bowledjust two overs in the second innings as Warwickshire completed an easy ten-wicket win. Lobban playedone more Second XI game, against Glamorgan II at Cardiff Arms Park; in this he picked up fivewickets.He was also a professional boxer and played rugby union for Kidderminster.He later moved toCanada, where he worked as a teacher in Burnaby, British Columbia. He and his wife Celia had a son andtwo daughters.Passage 2:Alejandro RomualdoAlejandro Romualdo (December 19, 1926 Trujillo, Peru –May 27, 2008 Lima, Peru) was a Peruvian poet of the 20th century. His best known work is the Song ofTupac Amaru, exalting the revolutionary spirit of the 18th-century leader. The poem, which glorified thePeruvian independence movement, won the Peruvian National Prize for Poetry in 1997.LifeBorn AlejandroValle, he is the son of famed Peruvian actor, Alex Valle, star of the popular TV series, Risas y Salsa.Romualdo studied literature at the National University of San Marcos in 1946. His first poem, \"La torre delos alucinados\" made him the recipient of the Peruvian National Prize for Poetry in 1949. Having earned ascholarship, he attended the University of Madrid in 1951. Upon his return to Peru, Romualdo worked asa journalist as more of his works were published, which he used as an instrument of agitation andpolitical propaganda that manifested his Marxist convictions. By the mid 1960s, he travelled to Mexicoand Cuba, eventually returning to Peru where he had some temporary jobs, one of them at the NationalInstitute of Culture and also  working as a professor of journalism at University of San Martín de Porres inLima.He married Teresa Pereira (d. 1998) and had 2 sons and a daughter. His son Gabriel Valle, M.D. is anephrologist and medical school professor at University of Miami. Granddaughter, Juliette Valle, (born2001) is a professional musical theatre actress.He dedicated himself to teaching and journalism. Hecollaborated in the newspapers La Crónica and La Prensa, and in the magazines Cultura Peruana andIdea. His poetries, articles and caricatures, appear signed with his prename of Alejandro Romualdo; alsowith his nickname Xanno.In 1965 he traveled to Mexico and then went to Cuba. Back in Peru he hadsome temporary jobs, one of them at the National Institute of Culture. He then went on to teach at theUniversity of San Martín de Porres, becoming a teacher for several generations of journalists.In 1976 hewon the OTI Festival award with his poem entitled I want to go out in the sun, set to music by ErnestoPollarolo and performed by Fernando Llosa. He collaborated in the arts and letters magazine HuesoHmero (1987, 1990).DeathRomualdo was found dead in his home from heart complications in San IsidroDistrict, Lima.See alsoPeruvian literatureBibliographyLuis Alberto Sánchez,: La literatura peruana."}
{"doc_id":"doc_220","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Helena (empress)Flavia Julia Helena (; Greek: \u0000λένη, Helénē; c.  AD 246/248– c. 330), alsoknown as Helena of Constantinople and Saint Helena, was an Augusta of the Roman Empire and motherof Emperor Constantine the Great. She was born in the lower classes traditionally in the Greek city ofDrepanon, Bithynia, in Asia Minor, which was renamed Helenopolis in her honor, though several locationshave been proposed for her birthplace and origin.Helena ranks as an important figure in the history ofChristianity. In her final years, she made a religious tour of Syria Palaestina and Jerusalem, during whichancient tradition claims that she discovered the True Cross. The Eastern Orthodox Church, CatholicChurch, Oriental Orthodox Churches, and Anglican Communion revere her as a saint, and the LutheranChurch commemorates her.Early lifeSources agree that Helena was a Greek, probably from Asia Minor inmodern Turkey. Her birthplace is not known with certainty, but Helenopolis, then Drepanum, in Bithyniais, following Procopius, \"generally assumed\" to be the place. Her name is attested on coins as FlaviaHelena, Flavia Julia Helena and sometimes Aelena. Joseph Vogt suggested that the name Helena wastypical for the Greek-speaking part of the Roman Empire and that therefore her place of origin should belooked for in the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. The 6th-century historian Procopius is theearliest authority for the statement that Helena was a native of Drepanum, in the province of Bithynia inAsia Minor. The name Helena appears in all areas of the Empire, but is not epigraphically attested ininscriptions of Bithynia (Helena's proposed region of origin) and it was also common in Latin-speakingareas. Procopius lived much later than the era he was describing and his description may have beenactually intended as an etymological explanation about the toponym Helenopolis. On the other hand, herson Constantine renamed the city \"Helenopolis\" after her death around AD 330, which supports the beliefthat the city was indeed her birthplace. The Byzantinist Cyril Mango has, however, argued thatHelenopolis was refounded to strengthen the communication network around Constantine's new capital inConstantinople, and was renamed simply to honor Helena, not to necessarily mark her birthplace. Therewas also a Helenopolis in Palestine and a Helenopolis in Lydia. These cities, and the province ofHelenopontus in the Pontus, were probably all named after Constantine's mother. Two other locations inFrance and the Pyrenees have been named after Helena. Equally uncertain to Drepanum and withoutstrong documentation suggestions about her birthplace are: Naissus (central Balkans), Caphar or Edessa(Mesopotamia), Trier.The bishop and historian Eusebius of Caesarea states that Helena was about 80 onher return from Palestine. Since that journey has been dated to 326–28, she was probably born around246 to 249. Information about her social background universally suggests that she came from the lowerclasses. Fourth-century sources, following Eutropius' Breviarium, record that she came from a humblebackground. Bishop Ambrose of Milan, writing in the late 4th century was the first to call her a stabularia,a term translated as \"stable-maid\" or \"inn-keeper\". He makes this comment a virtue, calling Helena abona stabularia, a \"good stable-maid\", probably to contrast her with the general suggestion of sexuallaxness considered typical of that group. Other sources, especially those written after Constantine'sproclamation as emperor, gloss over or ignore her background.Both Geoffrey of Monmouth and Henry ofHuntingdon promoted a popular tradition that Helena was a British princess and the daughter of \"Old KingCole\" from the area of Colchester. This led to the later dedication of 135 churches in England to her,many in around the area of Yorkshire, and revived as a suggestion in the 20th century in the novel byEvelyn Waugh.Marriage to Emperor ConstantiusIt is unknown where she first met Constantius. Thehistorian Timothy Barnes has suggested that Constantius, while serving under Emperor Aurelian, couldhave met her while stationed in Asia Minor for the campaign against Zenobia. It is said that upon meetingthey were wearing identical silver bracelets; Constantius saw her as his soulmate sent by God. Barnescalls attention to an epitaph at Nicomedia of one of Aurelian's protectors, which could indicate theemperor's presence in the Bithynian region soon after AD 270. The precise legal nature of the relationshipbetween Helena and Constantius is also unknown. The sources are equivocal on the point, sometimescalling Helena Constantius' \"wife\", and sometimes, following the dismissive propaganda of Constantine'srival Maxentius, calling her his \"concubine\". Jerome, perhaps confused by the vague terminology of his"}
{"doc_id":"doc_221","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Roberto SavioRoberto Savio (born in Rome, Italy, but also holding Argentine nationality) is ajournalist, communication expert, political commentator, activist for social and climate justice  andadvocate of global governance. He has spent most of his career with Inter Press Service (IPS), the newsagency which he founded in 1964 along with Argentine journalist Pablo Piacentini.Savio studiedEconomics at the University of Parma, followed by post-graduate courses in Development Economicsunder Gunnar Myrdal, History of Art and International Law in Rome. He started his professional career asa research assistant in International Law at the University of Parma.Early activitiesWhile at university,Roberto Savio acted as an international officer with Italy’s National Student Association and the YouthMovement of Italy’s Christian Democracy party, eventually taking on responsibility for ChristianDemocracy’s relations with developing countries. After leaving university, he became international presschief for former Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro. After the 1973 Chilean coup d’etat, Roberto Savio leftItalian politics to pursue journalism.Early journalistic careerRoberto Savio’s career in journalism beganwith Italian daily ‘Il Popolo’ and he went on to become Director for News Services for Latin America withRAI, Italy’s state broadcasting company. He received a number of awards for TV documentaries, includingthe Saint-Vincent Award for Journalism, the most prestigious journalism award in Italy.Inter PressService (IPS)Throughout his student years, Roberto Savio had cultivated an interest in analysing andexplaining the huge information and communication gap that existed between the North and the South ofthe world, particularly Latin America. Together with Argentine journalist Pablo Piacentini, he decided tocreate a press agency that would permit Latin American exiles in Europe to write about their countries fora European audience.That agency, which was known in the early days as Roman Press Agency, was theseed for what was to become the Inter Press Service (IPS) news agency, which was formally establishedat a meeting in the Schloss Eichholz conference centre of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation (thefoundation of the CDU), in Wesseling near Bonn, then the capital city of West Germany.From the outset,it was decided that IPS would be a non-profit cooperative of journalists and its statute declared thattwo-thirds of the members should come from the South.Roberto Savio gave IPS its unique mission –“giving a voice to the voiceless” – acting as a communication channel that privileges the voices and theconcerns of the poorest and creates a climate of understanding, accountability and participation arounddevelopment, promoting a new international information order between the South and the North.Theagency grew rapidly throughout the 1970s and 1980s until the dramatic events of 1989-91 – the fall ofthe Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union – prompted new goals and definitions: IPS was thefirst news outlet to identify itself as “global” and define the new concept of neoliberal globalisation ascontributing to the distancing of developing countries from wealth, trade and policy-making.IPS offerscommunication services to improve South–South cooperation and South-North exchanges and carries outprojects with international partners to open up communication channels to all social sectors.IPS has beenrecognised by the United Nations and granted NGO consultative status (category I) with ECOSOC.Withthe strengthening of the process of globalisation, IPS has dedicated itself to global issues, becoming thenews agency for global civil society: more than 30,000 NGOs subscribe to its services, and several millionpeople are readers of its online services.Under Roberto Savio, IPS won the Washington-based PopulationInstitute’s “most conscientious news service” award nine time in the 1990s, beating out the major wireservices year in and year out.IPS won FAO’s A.H. Boerma Award for journalism in 1997  for its\"significant contribution to covering sustainable agriculture and rural development in more than 100countries, filling the information gap between developed and developing countries by focusing on issuessuch as rural living, migration, refugees and the plight of women and children\".On the initiative ofRoberto Savio, IPS established the International Journalism Award in 1985 to honour outstandingjournalists whose efforts, and often lives, contributed significantly to exposing human rights violationsand advancing democracy, most often in developing countries. In 1991, the scope of the award wasbroadened to reflect the tremendous changes taking place in the world following the historic break-up ofthe Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. The Award, renamed the International Achievement"}
{"doc_id":"doc_222","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre.CareerSince1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films.Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The PaperChase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Someof his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live(1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films. Hedirected \"Heart in Hiding\", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy forBest Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in severalBroadway productions. He costarred with Susan Strasberg in \"[The Diary of Ann Frank]\" but had to leavethe production when he was drafted into the Army. He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University.Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the PacificResident Theatre Company. He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware PoetsPlayhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact TheatreCompany.Passage 2:Dana BlanksteinDana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executivedirector of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School. She was appointed by the board of directors  inNovember 2019.  Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television. She is a filmdirector, and an Israeli culture entrepreneur.BiographyDana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981to theatre director Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein. She moved to Israel in 1983 and grewup in Tel Aviv.Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008with high honors. During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on hisfilm Nina's Tragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners.  She also directed and shot 'the makingof' film on Gavison's film Lost and Found. Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin InternationalFilm Festival, 2007.Film and academic careerAfter her studies, Dana founded and directed the film andtelevision department at the Kfar Saba municipality. The department encouraged and promotedproductions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educationalcommunity activities.Blankstein directed the mini-series \"Tel Aviviot\" (2012). From 2016-2019 was thedirector of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television.In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen wasappointed the new director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees theSam Spiegel International Film Lab. In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and thefilm preparatory program for Arabic speakers in east Jerusalem.FilmographyTel Aviviot (mini-series;director, 2012)Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)Camping(debut film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)Passage 3:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is anAustralian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editoronly)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989)(mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettieand Me (2002) (TV movie)Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008)(documentary)The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)Passage 4:Muvva GopaluduMuvva Gopaludu is a 1987Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film produced by S. Gopala Reddy and directed by KodiRamakrishna. The film stars Nandamuri Balakrishna, Vijayashanti and Shobana, with music composed byK. V. Mahadevan. It is a remake of the Tamil film Aruvadai Naal (1986). The film was released on 19 May1987.PlotThe film begins in a village where Gopi an opulent active youth is squashed by his viciousbrother-in-law Basava Raju with petrifying. Yet, his sister Nagalakshmi warmth on him. Meanwhile,Nirmala a medico reared by a Christian missionary is appointed as govt doctor in the same village.Nevertheless, Nirmala is unbiased about it as her ambition is to turn into a nun. But following a request ofa Mother proceeds to the village. Wherein, she meets Father Lawrence an altruistic admired by the public.Presently, Gopi & Nirmala have been acquainted in an altercation and developed a good intimacy. Once,Gopi attempts suicide as Basavaraju's mortifications peak. Forthwith, he is safeguarded by Nirmala whenhe puts his dearness into words. Now Nirmala is under the dichotomy when Father Lawrance enlightens"}
{"doc_id":"doc_223","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Philipp Moritz, Count of Hanau-MünzenbergPhilipp Moritz of Hanau-Münzenberg (25 August1605 – 3 August 1638 in Hanau) succeeded his father as Count of Hanau-Münzenberg in 1612.LifePhilippMoritz was the son of Count Philipp Ludwig II of Hanau-Münzenberg and his wife, Princess CatharinaBelgica (1578–1648), a daughter of William the Silent.YouthPhilipp Moritz was seven years old when hisfather died and he inherited Hanau-Münzenberg. His father's will stipulated that his mother, PrincessCatharina Belgica of Nassau, should be the sole regent and guardian, and the Imperial Supreme Courtconfirmed this.At the age of eight, he was sent to the school that had been established after theReformation in the buildings of the former monastery at Schlüchtern, which is today the Ulrich vonHutten-Gymnasium. In 1613, he continued his education at University of Basel (where his grandfatherhad also studied), in Geneva and Sedan.ReignEnd of the regencyCount Philipp Moritz's rule began with analtercation between himself and his mother, Princess Catharina Belgica, about the termination of theregency and nature and the size of her widow seat. She wanted to act as co-regent, even after his 25thbirthday, the age of consent under the common law, despite an agreement closed in 1628 and an opinionfrom the Law Faculty of the University of Marburg. Philipp Moritz, tried to remove his mother from thegovernment. They took their case to the Imperial Supreme Court and treated each other rudely; PhilippMoritz even removed his mother from the countly palace in Hanau. However, he compensated her for thisin 1629. They never managed to properly wind up the regency. On the other hand, Philipp Moritz didmanage to settle with his cousin Johann Ernst the fierce dispute which his father had had with JohannErnst's father, his uncle Albrecht of Hanau-Münzenberg-Schwarzenfels, about the primogeniture andAlbrecht's apanage.The Thirty Years' War and exileOne reason the regency was never properly wound up,was the Thirty Years' War, which approached Hanau around 1630. When the Imperial troops reachedHanau, Philipp Moritz chose their side, in order to retain the military command of his capital. He wasappointed Colonel and was expected to provide three companies. In November 1631, Swedish troopsoccupied Hanau and King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden entered the city. Philipp Moritz decided tochange sides. He was a Calvinist and for him choosing between the Catholic Emperor and the LutheranSwedish king may have been like a choice between Scylla and Charybdis. Gustavus Adolphus appointedhim to colonel and gave him a Swedish regiment. As a reward for his changing side, he gave him thedistrict of Orb and the shares the Electorate of Mainz had held in the former County of Rieneck and thedistricts of Partenstein, Lohrhaupten, Bieber and Alzenau. He gave Philipp Moritz's brothers, HeinrichLudwig (1609–1632) and Jakob Johann (1612–1636) the town and district of Steinheim, which was also aformer possession of Mainz. These possessions were lost when the Catholic side gained the upper handafter the Battle of Nördlingen in September 1634. Changing sides again would make Philipp Moritz seemuntrustworthy, so he decided to flee. He fled to Metz and from there via Chalon, Rouen and Amsterdamto his Orange-Nassau relatives in the Hague and Delft. He left his youngest brother, Jakob Johann, asregent in Hanau, because Jakob Johann was considered politically neutral.Hanau was a well-developedfortress town and remained occupied until 1638 by Swedish troops under General Jakob von Ramsay,who controlled the surrounding countryside from Hanau. He excluded Jakob Johann from any influenceand so the later left the city.Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen used the occupation of Hanau bythe Swedish as background in his picaresque novel Simplicius Simplicissimus.Return from exileFromSeptember 1635 to June 1636, Hanau was unsuccessfully besieged by imperial troops under GeneralGuillaume de Lamboy. This siege proved the value of the modern defensive system, which had beenconstructed only a few years before. Thousands of refugees fled from the surrounding villages into thecity. After a nine-month siege, the city was relieved by an army under Landgrave Wilhelm V ofHesse-Kassel. He was Philipp Moritz's brother-in-law, as he had married Philipp Moritz's sister, AmalieElisabeth. A church service was held annually to commemorate the relief. After 1800, this developed intoan annual Lamboy festival.In 1637, Philipp Moritz reconciled with the new Emperor, Ferdinand III andchanged sides again, back to the Catholic side. He returned to Hanau on 17 December 1637. GeneralRamsay ignored this and interned Philipp Moritz in the City Castle. He was obviously hoping to receive"}
{"doc_id":"doc_224","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:5L5L or 5-L can refer to:TransportationAeroSur (IATA code)5L, a model of Toyota LengineCurtiss F-5L, see Felixstowe F5LSSH 5L (WA), former name of U.S. Route 12 in WashingtonAtlanticcoast F-5L, see Felixstowe F.5Auster J/5L, a model of Auster Aiglet TrainerBritish Rail Class 202Diesel-electric multiple units (6L) when reduced to a five-carriage configurationBritish Rail Class 203Diesel-electric multiple units (6B) when reduced to a five-carriage configuration by the removal of theirbuffet carsScience and technologyORC5LTAF5L5L, a model of HP LaserJet 5AIX 5L, see IBM AIXOtherusesThe Horns of Nimon (production code: 5L), a 1979–80 Doctor Who serialSee alsoL5(disambiguation)Passage 2:VariatorA variator is a device that can change its parameters, or can changeparameters of other devices.Often a variator is a mechanical power transmission device that can changeits gear ratio continuously (rather than in steps).ExamplesBeier variable-ratio gearContinuously variabletransmissionEvans friction coneNuVinci continuously variable transmissionVariator (variable valvetiming)VariomaticVANOSSee alsoEpicyclic gearingPassage 3:9F9F or 9-F may refer to:LocomotivesBRStandard Class 9F, a class of 2-10-0 steam locomotivesBR Standard Class 9F 92020-9BR Standard Class9F 92220 Evening StarList of preserved BR Standard Class 9F locomotivesGCR Class 9F, a class of 0-6-2Tsteam locomotivesOther uses2020 Salvadoran political crisis, commonly referred to as 9F (9thFebruary)New York Route 9F, now New York State Route 9GFluorine (9F), a chemical elementSee alsoF9(disambiguation)February 99ff, a German car tuning companyGrumman F9F Panther, an Americancarrier-based fighter aircraftGrumman F9F Cougar, an American carrier-based fighter aircraftPassage4:ESTEst, EST, est, -est, etc. may refer to:Arts and entertainmentest: The Steersman Handbook, ascience fiction book published in 1970Ed Sullivan Theater, New York, built in 1927Ensemble StudioTheatre, New York, founded in 1968Esbjörn Svensson Trio, a Swedish jazz trioE.S.T., a song by Britishband White Lies from their 2009 album To Lose My Life...E.S.T. - Trip to the Moon, a song by Alien SexFiend from their 1984 album Acid BathLanguage-est, the superlative suffix in English-est, an archaic verbending in EnglishEstonian language (ISO 639 code: est)European Society for Translation StudiesExtendedstandard theory, a generative grammar frameworkPeopleDiana Est (born 1963), Italian singerEST Gee(born 1994), American rapperMichael Est (c. 1580–1648), English composerThomas Est (c. 1540–1609),English printerVan Est, a Dutch surnamePlacesAfricaEst Department, a former division of Ivory CoastEstProvince, RwandaEst Region (Burkina Faso)Est Region (Cameroon)EuropeEst (Chamber of Deputies ofLuxembourg constituency), an electoral constituency in LuxembourgEst, Netherlands, a town inGelderlandEstonia (ISO 3166 alpha-3 code: EST)Science and medicineEdinburgh Science Triangle, amulti-disciplinary partnership in ScotlandElectroconvulsive therapy, formerly electroshock therapy, a formof treatmentEndodermal sinus tumor, a cancerous germ cell tumorEstrone sulfotransferase, an enzymecatalyzing the transformation of an unconjugated estrogen into a sulfated estrogenEuropean SolarTelescope, a proposed observatoryExpressed sequence tag, a short sub-sequence of a cDNAsequenceTechnologyElectron spiral toroid, a claimed small stable plasma toroidElectronic sell-through, amethod of media distributionEnrollment over Secure Transport, a cryptographic protocolTimezonesAustralian Eastern Standard Time or AEST (UTC+10), see Time in AustraliaEastern Standard Timeor EST (UTC−5) in the Americas, officially \"Eastern Time Zone\"Egypt Standard Time or EGY(UTC+2)European Summer Time (varies from UTC to UTC+3), in several time zones, see Summer time inEuropeOther usesEnergy Saving Trust, a British organization for fighting climate change, formed in1992Erhard Seminars Training (est), a New Age large-group awareness training program,1971–1984Espérance Sportive de Tunis, a Tunisian multi-sports club, founded in 1919Est Cola, a Thaisoft drink, launched in 2012Effort satisficing theory, a decision-making strategy; see Satisficing § Effortsatisficing theoryEstablished; see AnniversarySee alsoEast (disambiguation)Passage 5:I Can ChangeI CanChange may refer to:\"I Can Change\" (Brandon Flowers song)\"I Can Change\" (LCD Soundsystem song)\"ICan Change\", a song from the South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut soundtrackPassage 6:L'Histoire d'unefée, c'est...\"L'Histoire d'une fée, c'est...\" (English: \"The Story of a Fairy Is...\") is a 2001 song recorded byFrench singer-songwriter Mylène Farmer. It was one of the singles from the soundtrack album for the film"}
{"doc_id":"doc_225","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Prince of LiesPrince of Lies or The Prince of Lies may refer to:Hellstorm: Prince of Lies, a shortlived comic book seriesPrince of Lies, a single from Scottish music group CindytalkPrince of Lies (novel),book four in The Avatar Series by James LowderThe Prince of Lies, a common nickname for SatanThePrince of Lies, a nickname for Cyric, a fictional deity in the Forgotten Realms campaign of Dungeons &DragonsThe Prince of Lies, a vampire in the Buffy the Vampire Slayer universePassage 2:The Book ofLiesThe Book of Lies may refer to:The Book of Lies (Crowley), a 1913 title by Aleister CrowleyThe Book ofLies (Picano novel), a 1999 title by Felice PicanoThe Book of Lies: The Disinformation Guide to Magick andthe Occult, a 2003 compilation edited by Richard MetzgerThe Book of Lies (Moloney novel), a 2004 titleby James MoloneyThe Book of Lies (Meltzer novel), a 2008 title by Brad MeltzerBook of Lies (album), a2008 recording by Australian band End of FashionThe Book of Lies (Horlock novel), a 2011 title by MaryHorlockPassage 3:Iraqi nationality lawIraqi nationality is transmitted by one's parents.HistoryThe firstnationality law was passed in 1924, and that year, on 6 August, all people within the bounds of Iraqijurisdiction automatically acquired Iraqi citizenship. According to Zainab Saleh,  \"The 1924 IraqiNationality Law and its amendments bring to light the haunted origins of Arab nationalism\" by definingIraqis of Persian descent as second-class citizens.NaturalisationThe law governing naturalisation is LawNo. 43 of 1963 and Law No. 5 of 1975. Naturalisation is only available to those over 18 years of age.There is a requirement of good repute, and a clean criminal record. Generally, the person seekingnaturalisation is required to be an ethnic Arab, or otherwise married to an Iraqi man for not less than 5years with residence within the country. Naturalised citizens are required to take an oath of allegiancebefore a competent person authourised to receive the same within 90 days.It ought to be noted thatnaturalised citizens will be barred from holding the office of Member of Parliament or Minister, for at least10 years after the date of naturalisation, in addition, naturalised citizens are unable to hold the office ofPrime Minister of Iraq or President of Iraqi.Dual citizenshipIraq recognizes dual nationality.TravelfreedomIn 2016, Iraqi citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 30 countries and territories.Thus, the Iraqi passport ranks 102nd in the world, according to the Visa Restrictions Index.SeealsoNationality lawIraqi passportIraq National CardPassage 4:Body of LiesBody of Lies can refer to:Bodyof Lies (novel), a 2007 spy thriller by David Ignatius, about a CIA operative.Body of Lies (film), a 2008film by director Ridley Scott, based on the 2007 novel.Body of Lies (soundtrack), soundtrack to the 2008film.Body of Lies, a 2002 novel by Iris Johansen.Passage 5:Moira CameronMoira Cameron is a retiredYeoman Warder of the Tower of London, United Kingdom. She is the first woman to ever hold theposition. In 2007, after a 22-year career in the British Army, Cameron became one of the 35 residentWarders in the Tower of London, commonly known as the Beefeaters.Originally prison guards, theYeoman Warder's position dates back to 1485. It is now a largely ceremonial role, with responsibility forconducting guided tours and generally looking after public visitors to the Tower, as well as conductingcertain other duties both inside and outside the Tower.CareerBritish ArmyCameron joined the Women'sRoyal Army Corps (WRAC) in June 1985 at the age of 20. She was trained as a Data Telegraphist with theRoyal Corps of Signals before transferring to the Royal Army Pay Corps (RAPC) in 1988 to train as aMilitary Accountant, and in 2000 Cameron was awarded her Long Service and Good Conduct Medal. In1992, WRAC and RAPC were replaced by the Adjutant General's Corps, and Cameron worked her waythrough the ranks in its Staff and Personnel Support Branch, completing 22 years service in the army inJune 2007. Having seen service in England, Northern Ireland and Cyprus, Cameron ended her Armycareer at the rank of Warrant Officer Class 2, holding the post of Superintendent Clerk in 145 (HomeCounties) Brigade in Aldershot.Yeoman WarderCameron officially became the first ever female YeomanWarder in July 2007 but didn't get to wear her uniform until 3 September 2007. Cameron is one of 37Yeoman Warders based in the Tower of London, a position which dates back to 1485. Styled as YeomanWarder Cameron, her full and proper title is Yeoman Warder of His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortressthe Tower of London, and Members of the Sovereign's Body Guard of the Yeoman Guard in theExtraordinary.Camerons' duties are mostly connected to the Tower, but can involve some outside"}
{"doc_id":"doc_226","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Pal Pal Dil Ke PaasPal Pal Dil Ke Paas (transl. Every moment, close to the heart) is a 2019 Indian Hindi-language Romance film written and directed by Sunny Deol and produced by Sunny Sounds Pvt Ltd and Zee Studios. This was Deol's third movie as director after Dillagi and Ghayal Once Again. The film was released on 20 September 2019.Principal photography began on 21 May 2017. Dharmendra's Grandson Karan Deol  and Sahher Bambba were cast for the lead roles. Over 400 girls were auditioned for Sahher's role.With a box office revenue of \u000010 crore against a \u000030 crore budget, the film was commercially unsuccessful.PlotSaher Sethi, a vlogger from Delhi, goes to Manali to review a solo trekking trip organized by Camp Ujhi Dhaar, run by Karan Sehgal. She thinks that the costly solo trip is a scam, and she would expose the camp's owner. Although they started on a bitter note, things began to improve between them during their journey, leading to Karan falling for her. He doesn't confess his feelings but tells her that he is afraid of attachment. Saher admits that she wanted to become a singer but couldn't follow her passion as Viren, her boyfriend, made fun of her at an open mic. He takes Saher to his childhood spot, where he sees a snow leopard, and remembers his mother, who died in an avalanche when she tried to capture a snow leopard on her camera. The trip finally comes to an end, Karan drops Saher at the airport, and both bid farewell to each other.On reaching Delhi, Saher realizes that she has fallen in love with Karan and breaks up with Viren. She informs Karan that she is performing again at an open mic and indirectly asks him to come to Delhi. Karan unexpectedly shows up at the Open Mic, and they both confess their love for each other and share a kiss. The next day, at Saher's house party, Karan is introduced to Saher's family members and meets Viren, who invites Karan to his party the next day. Seeing Saher and Karan close and happy with each other, Viren feels devastated and becomes angry and pledges that he will do anything to be with Saher, whether right or wrong. The next Day, Saher's father talks to Karan in anger, and when Saher asks him, he replies that Viren told him everything. Saher speaks to Viren over the phone about lying to his parents, but he blackmails her about leaking her photos, which he took secretly on the Goa trip. Karan goes to Viren, and when Viren abuses Saher and Karan's mother, he thrashes him. Feeling insulted, Saher posts a video online of being eve-teased by Viren, who gets to know about this, goes to Saher's house and gets involved in a fight with her. The fight leads to Saher falling off the first floor. With Saher now in an unconscious condition, Viren's parents use political power to turn the case against Saher and beat up Karan.Seeing Saher's condition deteriorate and her family suffering all the disrespect, Karan goes to Viren's house, beats him up, drags him to the hospital, and tells him to apologize to Saher. When he refuses, Karan chokes him, almost killing him, but Viren's mother asks him to leave him, and she apologizes to everyone.Saher soon recovers from the accident, and in the end credits, Karan and Saher are shown as a happily married couple.FilmingThe film was mostly shot at various locations in the Pir Panjal Mountain Range covering Spiti Valley, Kunzum La, Rohtang La, Tabo, Chandra Taal, Kaza, Lahaul Valley and Manali region in Himachal Pradesh; while a substantial part was shot at locations in New Delhi, including a racing car sequence at Buddh International Circuit in NCR.CastKaran Deol as Karan Sehgal, Saher's husbandSahher Bambba as Saher Sehgal (Nee' Sethi), Karan's wife & Viren's ex-girlfriendSimone Singh as Vandana Sethi (Saher's mother)Sachin Khedekar as Ajay Sethi (Saher's father)Kallirroi Tziafeta as Karan's motherAakash Ahuja as Viren Narang, Saher's ex-boyfriend and the main antagonistKamini Khanna as Saher's grandmotherMeghna Malik as Central minister Ratna Narang, Viren's motherArsh Wahi as Rohan VermaRishi Singh as Saher's uncleBhavna Aneja as Anuradha, Saher's auntRavi Dudeja as Natasha's FatherMadhu Khandari as Natasha's MotherRitika Thakur as Aditi Thakur (Karan's best friend)Akash Dhar as MP Sushant Narang, Viren's brotherNupur Nagpal as Natasha Sabharwal, Saher's childhood friendKapil Negi as Vikram Thakur (Karan's mentor and Aditi's father)Suhani Sethi as Saachi Sethi (Saher's sister)Vijayant Kohli as Kapil Kumar GuptaRahul Singh as SachinMannu Sandhu as Sushant's wifePooja Katyal as Pooja, Viren's friendDiksha Bahl as VaishaliReuben Israel as Viren's fatherSoundtrackThe music of the film is composed by Sachet–Parampara and Tanishk Bagchi (noted) while lyrics are by Siddharth-Garima.ReceptionThe film mostly received mixed to negative reviews.Monika Rawal Kukreja writing for Hindustan Times noted that the film had done justice to its genre "}
{"doc_id":"doc_227","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:NarathihapateNarathihapate (Burmese: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, pronounced [n\u0000\u0000a\u0000 θìha\u0000p\u0000t\u0000]; also Sithu IV of Pagan; 23 April 1238 – 1 July 1287) was the last king of the Pagan Empire who reigned from 1256 to 1287. The king is known in Burmese history as the \"Taruk-Pyay Min\" (\"the King who fled from the Taruks\") for his flight from Pagan (Bagan) to Lower Burma in 1285 during the first Mongol invasion (1277–87) of the kingdom. He eventually submitted to Kublai Khan, founder of the Yuan dynasty in January 1287 in exchange for a Mongol withdrawal from northern Burma. But when the king was assassinated six months later by his son Thihathu, the Viceroy of Prome, the 250-year-old Pagan Empire broke apart into multiple petty states. The political fragmentation of the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery would last for another 250 years until the mid-16th century.The king is unkindly remembered in the royal chronicles, which in addition to calling a cowardly king who fled from the invaders, also call him \"an ogre\" and \"glutton\" who was \"great in wrath, haughtiness and envy, exceeding covetous and ambitious.\" According to scholarship, he was certainly an ineffective ruler but unfairly scapegoated by the chronicles for the fall of the empire, whose decline predated his reign, and in fact had been \"more prolonged and agonized\".Early lifeThe future king was born to Crown Prince Uzana and a commoner concubine from Myittha on 23 April 1238. For much of his early years, he was known at the palace as Min Khwe-Chi (lit. \" Prince Dog's Dung\") as a harmless royal. Even when his father became king in 1251, Khwe-Chi was not in line for the throne; the position belonged to his half-brother Thihathu, the eldest son of the chief queen Thonlula.ReignRise to powerBut fate came calling. In early May 1256, Uzana died from a hunting accident, and Thihathu claimed the throne. The court led by the powerful chief minister Yazathingyan did not accept a head-strong Thihathu, and placed their preferred candidate, Khwe Chi, whom they believed they could control, on the throne on 6 May 1256. Thihathu was arrested and executed. Narathihapate held the coronation ceremony in November 1256. He assumed the regnal name \"Śrī Tribhuvanādityapavara Dhammarāja\" (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000).Governing styleThe young king turned out be quick-tempered, arrogant, and ruthless. Soon after his accession, he sent Yazathingyan, the man who put him on the throne, into exile. But he soon had to recall Yazathingyan to quell the rebellions in Martaban (Mottama) (1258–1259) and Arakan (1258–1260). Yazathingyan put down the rebellions but died on the return journey. With the old minister's death removed the only person that could have controlled the ruthless, inexperienced king.Narathihapate was incompetent in both domestic and foreign affairs. Like his father and grandfather before him, he too failed to fix the depleted royal treasury, which had been deteriorating for years because the continued growth of tax-free religious landholdings. But unlike his grandfather Kyaswa, who would rather build a small temple than to resort to forced labor, Narathihapate built a lavish temple, the Mingalazedi Pagoda with forced labor. The people, sinking under his rule, whispered: \"When the pagoda is finished, the king shall die\".Mongol invasionsBorder war (1277–78)The existential threat to the Burmese kingdom came from the north. The Mongols, who conquered the Dali Kingdom (later renamed as Yunnan in 1274) in 1253–57, first demanded tribute from Pagan in 1271–72. When the Burmese king refused, Emperor Kublai Khan himself sent a mission in 1273 to demand tribute once again. The king refused again. The Mongol army of the Yuan dynasty in 1275–76 consolidated the Pagan–Yunnan borderlands as part of their drive to close off escape routes of the Song refugees, and in the process went on to occupy a Burmese vassal state in present-day Dehong Prefecture). Narathihapate sent the army to reclaim the region but the army was driven back in April 1277 at the battle of Ngasaunggyan (modern Yingjiang). The Mongol troops reached as far south as Kaungsin, which guarded the Bhamo Pass, the gateway into the Irrawaddy, before retreating in 1278 due to excessive heat. Later in 1278, the army reestablished its forts at Kaungsin and Ngasaunggyan.Invasion (1283–85)Narathihapate's troubles were not over. In 1281, the Mongol emperor again demanded tribute. When the king refused, the emperor ordered an invasion of northern Burma. In September 1283, the Mongol forces again attacked the Burmese fort at Ngasaunggyan, which fell on 3 December 1283. Kaungsin fell six days later, and the Mongols took Tagaung on 5 February 1284. But the Mongols found the heat excessive and retreated from Tagaung. The Burmese forces retook Tagaung on 10 May 1284. The Mongol resumed their drive southward "}
{"doc_id":"doc_228","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Rolf Olsen (actor)Rolf Olsen (26 December 1919 – 3 April 1998) was an Austrian actor, screenwriter and film director. He appeared in 60 films between 1949 and 1990. He also wrote for 51 films and directed a further 33 between 1947 and 1990. He was born in Vienna, Austria and died in Munich, Germany.Selected filmographyPassage 2:Our Crazy Aunts in the South SeasOur Crazy Aunts in the South Seas (German: Unsere tollen Tanten in der Südsee) is a 1964 Austrian comedy film directed by Rolf Olsen and starring Gunther Philipp, Gus Backus, and Udo Jürgens. It was the final part in a trilogy of films that also included Our Crazy Aunts and Our Crazy Nieces. Barbara Frey was cast in the role that had been played by Vivi Bach in the two previous films.The film's sets were designed by the art director Leo Metzenbauer. Location shooting took place in the Canary Islands.CastPassage 3:Wale AdebanwiWale Adebanwi (born 1969) is a Nigerian-born first Black Rhodes Professor at St Antony's College, Oxford where he was, until June 2021, a Professor of Race Relations, and the Director of the African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, and a Governing Board Fellow. He is currently a Presidential Penn Compact Professor of Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. Adebanwi's research focuses on a range of topics in the areas of social change, nationalism and ethnicity, race relations, identity politics, elites and cultural politics, democratic process, newspaper press and spatial politics in Africa.Education backgroundWale Adebanwi graduated with a first degree in Mass Communication from the University of Lagos, and later earned his M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Ibadan. He also has an MPhil. and a Ph.D. in Social Anthropology from the University of Cambridge.CareerAdebanwi worked as a freelance reporter, writer, journalist and editor for many newspapers and magazines before he joined the University of Ibadan's Department of Political Science as a lecturer and researcher. He was later appointed as an assistant professor in the African American and African Studies Department of the University of California, Davis, USA. He became a full professor at UC Davis in 2016.Adebanwi is the co-editor of Africa: Journal of the International African Institute and the Journal of Contemporary African Studies.WorksHis published works include:Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politics of Meaning (University of Rochester Press, 2016)Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo and Corporate Agency (Cambridge University Press, 2014)Authority Stealing: Anti-corruption War and Democratic Politics in Post-Military Nigeria (Carolina Academic Press, 2012)In addition, he is the editor and co-editor of other books, including.The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa: Beyond the Margins (James Currey Publishers, 2017)Writers and Social Thought in Africa (Routledge, 2016)(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Governance and the Crisis of Rule in Contemporary Africa (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Democracy and Prebendalism in Nigeria: Critical Interpretations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Nigeria at Fifty: The Nation in Narration (Routledge, 2012)(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Encountering the Nigerian State (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010).AwardsRhodes Professorship in Race Relations awarded by Oxford University to Faculty of African and Interdisciplinary Area Studies.Passage 4:Hassan ZeeHassan \"Doctor\" Zee is a Pakistani-American film director who was born in Chakwal, Pakistan.Early lifeDoctor Zee grew up in Chakwal, a small village in Punjab, Pakistan. as one of seven brothers and sisters  His father was in the military and this fact required the family to move often to different cities. As a child Zee was forbidden from watching cinema because his father believed movies were a bad influence on children.At age 13, Doctor Zee got his start in the world of entertainment at Radio Pakistan where he wrote and produced radio dramas and musical programs.  It was then that he realized his passion for storytelling At the age of 26, Doctor Zee earned his medical doctorate degree and did his residency in a burn unit at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences. He cared for women who were victims of  \"Bride Burning,\" the archaic practice used as a form of punishment against women who fail to provide sufficient dowry to their in-laws after marriage or fail to provide offspring.  He also witnessed how his country’s transgender and intersex people, called “hijras”, were banned from having jobs and forced to beg to survive. These experiences inspired Doctor Zee to tackle the issues of women’s empowerment and gender inequality in his films.In 1999, he came to San Francisco to pursue his dream of filmmaking and made San Francisco his homeEducationHe received his early education from "}
{"doc_id":"doc_229","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Helperich von Plötzkau, Margrave of the NordmarkHelperich (Helferich) (d. 1118), Count ofPlötzkau and Walbeck, and Margrave of the Nordmark, son of Dietrich, Count of Plötzkau, and Mathildevon Walbeck, daughter of Conrad, Count of Walbeck, and Adelheid of Bavaria.  The count's sister Irmgardwas married to Lothair Udo III, Margrave of the Nordmark, and was the mother of Helperich's successorin ruling the margraviate, Henry II.Helperich inherited the title Count of Plötzkau upon his father’s deathand the title Count of Walbeck from his mother, although this title was mostly ceremonial at thispoint.  In 1112, Emperor Henry V deposed Rudolf I as Margrave of the Nordmark because of conspiracyagainst the crown in his alliance with Lothair of Supplinburg, then Duke of Saxony (and later Holy RomanEmperor).  The margraviate was given to Helperich as an interim measure until Henry II, nephew ofRudolf and heir to the title, was of age.In 1106, Helperich married Adele, daughter of Kuno of Northeimand Kunigunde of Weimar-Orlamünde, widow of Dietrich III, Count of Katlenburg.  Helperich and Adelehad four children:Bernhard (d. 1147), Count of PlötzkauConrad, Margrave of the NordmarkIrmgard,Abbess of HecklingenMathilde.Halperich died in 1118 and was buried at the Hecklingen Monastery.  Uponhis death, he was succeeded as Count of Plötzkau by his son Bernhard.  Henry II assumed the role ofMargrave of the Nordmark in 1114.SourcesHucke, Richard G., Die Grafen von Stade. 900–1144.Genealogie, politische Stellung, Comitat und Allodialbesitz der sächsischen Udonen. Stade 1956Passage2:Lothair Udo III, Margrave of the NordmarkLothair Udo III (1070-1106), Margrave of the Nordmark andCount of Stade (as Lothair Udo IV), son of Lothair Udo II, Margrave of the Nordmark, and Oda of Werl,daughter of Herman III, Count of Werl, and Richenza of Swabia.  Brother of his predecessor Henry I theLong.Lothair Udo was betrothed to Eilika of Saxony, daughter of Magnus, Duke of Saxony, and Sophia ofHungary. However, his attention was diverted to the House of Helperich, towards Count Helperich'senticing sister Ermengardam.  He married this woman, the count's sister Irmgard, daughter of Dietrich,Count of Plötzkau, and Mathilde von Walbeck, daughter of Conrad, Count of Walbeck.  Eilika moved onand married Otto the Rich, Count of Ballenstedt, and was mother to Albert the Bear, the last Margrave ofthe Nordmark and first Margrave of Brandenburg.  This provides an interesting twist in the history of thecounty of Stade.Lothair Udo and Irmgard had four children:Henry II, Margrave of the Nordmark, alsoCount of Stade (as Henry IV)A daughter whose name is not knownIrmgard von Stade, married Poppo IV,Count of HennebergAdelheid von Stade, married Henry II, Margrave of Meissen.Lothair Udo wassucceeded by his brother Rudolf as margrave and count upon his death.SourcesHucke, Richard G., DieGrafen von Stade. 900–1144. Genealogie, politische Stellung, Comitat und Allodial- besitz dersächsischen Udonen, Selbstverlag des Stader Geschichts und Heimatvereins, Stade, 1956Raffensperger,Christian, Reimagining Europe, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2012Passage 3:Albert II,Margrave of BrandenburgAlbert II (c. 1177 – 25 February 1220) was a member of the House of Ascaniawho ruled as the margrave of Brandenburg from 1205 until his death in 1220.LifeAlbert II was theyoungest son of Otto I and his second wife Ada of Holland. His father Otto I promoted and directed thefoundation of German settlement in the area, which had been Slavic until the 10th century.Count ofArneburgAlbert II was, from 1184 onwards, Count of Arneburg in the Altmark.  The Altmark belonged toBrandenburg, and his older brother Otto II claimed that this implied that the Ascanians ownedArneburg.When Henry of Gardeleggen died in 1192, he left his domains to Albert II. But that caused aconflict between himself and his brother. He was temporarily imprisoned in 1194 by Otto.In 1197, hejoined the German Crusade of 1197. He was present at the inaugural meeting of the Teutonic Knights in1198 in Acre.Margrave of BrandenburgAlbert II inherited the Margraviate in 1205, after the death of hiseldest brother Otto II.In the dispute about the imperial crown between the Houses of Hohenstaufen andGuelph in the early 13th century, Albert initially supported the Hohenstaufen King Philip of Swabia, likeOtto before him.  After Philip's assassination in 1208, however, he changed sides, because Emperor OttoIV had assisted him in securing the Margraviate against the Danes, and had confirmed Ascanianownership of Brandenburg in a deed in 1212.During this period, Albert II had a lengthy dispute withArchbishop Albert I of Magdeburg. He also played an important rôle in the Brandenburg tithe"}
{"doc_id":"doc_230","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Carmen on IceCarmen on Ice is a 1990 dance film with a choreography for figure skatersmade in Germany. The music is based on the opera Carmen by Georges Bizet in an orchestral versionarranged especially for this film. In contrast to figure skating movies of former times, Carmen on Ice is afilm without spoken dialogue, which is an innovation in the history of figure skating.PlotThe story ofCarmen on Ice is very similar to the opera Carmen. Analogous to the four-act opera libretto thescreenplay has four parts:A Square in Sevilla in front of a cigarette factory: Micaela, a village maiden,brings a letter to the Corporal of Dragoons Don José, which was written by his mother. The cigarette girlsemerge from the factory, among them the attractive Carmen, who starts to flirt with the men standing onthe square. The only man who does not show interest in Carmen is Don José, who is reading his mother'sletter. Finally, however, Carmen manages to attract also his attention by dancing for him and giving hima rose. The other young women are jealous, and one of them attacks Carmen. Carmen slashes her facewith a knife. Others involve and start a street fighting, which is stopped by Zuniga, the Lieutenant ofDragoons. Everybody accuses Carmen of having started the fight. Zuniga asks Carmen if she hasanything to say and also starts to flirt with her. Carmen, however, is not interested in him. Zunigainstructs José to guard Carmen. José ties up her hands with a rope. To escape, Carmen seduces José in adance with this rope. The corporal unties her hands, and Carmen can run away. The angry Zunigainstructs his dragoons to guard José.Evening at Lillas Pastia's inn: Carmen is waiting impatiently for DonJosé, who has been released from prison. To drive away her boredom, she starts to dance. The toreadorEscamillo enters the inn and is welcomed by the other guests. He shows a virtuoso solo dance andattracts Carmen's attention. While Escamillo leaves the inn with his friends, Don José comes in and iswelcomed by Carmen, who shows a solo, which leads in a pair dance with her new lover. Suddenly thesound of bugles is heard calling the soldiers back to barracks. When José wants to leave, Carmen getsangry.  José affirms his love to her in a solo with the rose she has given to him at their first meeting.Zuniga suddenly interrupts the two lovers and flirts with Carmen, which makes José so jealous, that heattacks the lieutenant, and leaves the service and joins Carmen and her friends.A wild and deserted rockyplace at night: Carmen has grown tired of José, her new favorite is the toreador Escamillo. She sits at acampfire and tries to tell fortunes by the shapes made by molten lead dropped into cold water. The shapewhich she holds in her hand is a skull. Carmen is scared and dances nervously around the campfire.Escamillo comes to the place and makes José jealous by showing him Carmen's fan. The two rivals startfighting. Escamillo emerges victorious and retires with Carmen.A square in front of the arena in Seville:The square is full of people who cheer to procession as the bullfighting team with Escamillo arrives.Carmen welcomes the toreador and dreams of a wedding dance with him. After the bullfighting team hasentered the arena, Carmen is grabbed by Don José and pulled into an outbuilding. José begs her to returnhis love, but is rejected by Carmen. Don José loses control of himself and stabs Carmen todeath.BackgroundCarmen on Ice was filmed in Spain and Germany, citizens of Sevilla and Berlin playedbit parts. In 1988 Katarina Witt, who played the title role, had won her second olympic gold medal at thewinter games in Calgary with a free skating to Carmen. Brian Boitano, who played the part of Don José,became Olympic champion in the same year followed by Brian Orser, the Olympic silver medallist of 1988and actor playing Escamillo. So, it was obvious to cast the film with these stars. Carmen on Ice was firstpresented in public on February 8, 1990. and won the Emmy-Award for Outstanding Performance in aClassical Music or Dance Program in 1990. The award was shared by the film's three stars, Boitano, Orserand Witt. The choreography by Sandra Bezic and Michael Seibert (figure skater) was influenced byelements of classical ballet and flamenco as well. During the rehearsals the skaters were also coached byflamenco dancer Cristina Hoyos.BibliographyArt music in figure skating, synchronized swimming andrhythmic gymnastics/Kunstmusik in Eiskunstlauf, Synchronschwimmen und rhythmischer Gymnastik. PhDthesis by Johanna Beisteiner, Vienna 2005, (German). The PhD thesis contains an extensive descriptionand analysis of Carmen on Ice (Chapter II/2, pages 105-162). Article about the PhD thesis of JohannaBeisteiner in the catalogue of the Austrian Library Network. 2005. (German and English)Passage 2:Mehdi"}
{"doc_id":"doc_231","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Vera MiletićVera Miletić (Serbian Cyrillic: Вера Милетић; 8 March 1920 – 7 September 1944) was a Serbian student and soldier. She was notable for being the mother of Mira Marković, posthumously making her the mother-in-law of Serbian president Slobodan Milošević.Personal lifeHer cousin was Davorjanka Paunović who was the personal secretary of Communist Party of Yugoslavia leader Josip Broz Tito.Passage 2:Doria RaglandDoria Loyce Ragland (born September 2, 1956) is an American social worker, and former makeup artist and yoga instructor. She is the mother of Meghan, Duchess of Sussex.Early lifeDoria Ragland was born in Cleveland, Ohio, to nurse Jeanette Arnold (1929–2000) and her second husband Alvin Azell Ragland (1929–2011), an antiques dealer who sold items at flea markets. Ragland's maternal grandparents, James and Nettie Arnold, respectively worked as a bellhop and an elevator operator at the Hotel St. Regis on Euclid Avenue in Cleveland. Her parents moved to Los Angeles when Ragland was a baby and later divorced. In 1983, her father married kindergarten teacher Ava Burrow, who is near to Ragland's age; the two remained close after that marriage also ended in divorce. Ragland has two older maternal half-siblings, Joseph (known as \"JJ\"; 1949–2021) and Saundra Johnson (born 1952), and a younger paternal half-brother, Alvin Joffrey Ragland. According to inferred conclusions and information passed down (much of it verbally) from earlier generations, the Ragland family descend from Richard Ragland, born into slavery c.1792 in Chatham County, North Carolina; his son, Stephen Ragland (1848-1926) of Jonesboro in Georgia, lived long enough to experience the abolition of slavery in 1865. Ragland's surname came from slave-owner William Ragland, a Methodist planter and land speculator who had emigrated during the eighteenth century from Cornwall, England, to North America.Career and educationAfter leaving Fairfax High School, Ragland worked as a temp assistant makeup artist and met her future husband, Thomas Markle, while employed on the set of the television show General Hospital. Later on, their daughter Meghan stayed with Thomas Markle as Ragland pursued a career. She later worked as a travel agent and owned a small business before filing for bankruptcy in the mid-2000s. Ragland completed a Bachelor of Arts in psychology. In 2011, she earned a Master of Social Work from the University of Southern California. After passing California's licensing exam in 2015, she was a social worker for three years at the Didi Hirsch Mental Health Services clinic in Culver City. Ragland has also worked as a yoga instructor. In 2020, it was reported that she would teach a jewelry making course at Santa Monica College. In the same year, Ragland became CEO, CFO and secretary of a care home firm in Beverly Hills, called Loving Kindness Senior Care Management.Personal lifeRagland married lighting director Thomas Markle Sr. on December 23, 1979, at Hollywood's Paramahansa Yogananda Self-Realization Fellowship Temple in a ceremony performed by Brother Bhaktananda. Their daughter, Meghan, was born in 1981. The couple separated when their daughter was two years old. They divorced in 1987. Both parents contributed to raising Meghan until, at the age of 6, she began living with Thomas Markle full-time while Ragland pursued a career.Ragland resides in View Park–Windsor Hills, California, in a house inherited from her father in 2011. She has accompanied Meghan to public events and attended her 2018 wedding to Prince Harry in Berkshire. Ragland became a grandmother on May 6, 2019. She flew to the United Kingdom to see her grandson, Archie Mountbatten-Windsor, and his parents. In July, she attended Mountbatten-Windsor's christening at the private chapel at Windsor Castle. Her granddaughter, Lilibet Mountbatten-Windsor, was born on June 4, 2021, in Santa Barbara, California.See also\"(Almost) Straight Outta Compton\", a 2016 tabloid article headline about Meghan Markle and her mother's backgroundNotesPassage 3:Maria ThinsMaria Thins (c. 1593 – 27 December 1680) was the mother-in-law of Johannes Vermeer and a member of the Gouda Thins family. She was raised in a devout Dutch Catholic family with two sisters and a brother. Outliving her parents and siblings, she received inheritances over the years, making her a wealthy woman. She married a prosperous brickmaker, Reynier Bolnes, in 1622. They had three children together, Catharina, Willem, and Cornelia. By 1635, Bolnes verbally and physically abused his wife and daughters. Thins moved to Delft with her daughters. Her son Willem stayed with his father. Thins was a wealthy woman due to the separation settlement of her husband in 1649 and the estates she inherited from her family. Her daughter Catharina married Johannes Vermeer, an artist, art dealer, and operator of the "}
{"doc_id":"doc_232","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Scotty FoxScott Fox is a pornographic film director who is a member of the AVN Hall ofFame.Awards1992 AVN Award – Best Director, Video (The Cockateer)1995 AVN Hall of FameinducteePassage 2:Elliot SilversteinElliot Silverstein (born August 3, 1927) is a retired American film andtelevision director. He directed the Academy Award-winning western comedy Cat Ballou (1965), andother films including The Happening (1967), A Man Called Horse (1970), Nightmare Honeymoon (1974),and The Car (1977). His television work includes four episodes of The Twilight Zone(1961–1964).CareerElliot Silverstein was the director of six feature films in the mid-twentieth century.The most famous of these by far is Cat Ballou, a comedy-western starring Jane Fonda and Lee Marvin.Theother Silverstein films, in chronological order, are The Happening, A Man Called Horse,  NightmareHoneymoon, The Car, and Flashfire.Other work included directing for the television shows The TwilightZone, The Nurses, Picket Fences, and Tales from the Crypt.While Silverstein was not a prolific director,his films were often decorated. Cat Ballou, for instance, earned one Oscar and was nominated for fourmore. His high quality work was rewarded in 1990 with a Lifetime Achievement Award by the DirectorsGuild of America.AwardsIn 1965, at the 15th Berlin International Film Festival, he won the Youth FilmAward – Honorable Mention, in the category of Best Feature Film Suitable for Young People for CatBallou.He was also nominated for the Golden Berlin Bear.In 1966, he was nominated for the DGA Awardin the category for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures (Cat Ballou).In 1971, he wonthe Bronze Wrangler award at the Western Heritage Awards in the category of Theatrical Motion Picturefor A Man Called Horse, along with producer Sandy Howard, writer Jack DeWitt, and actors JudithAnderson, Jean Gascon, Corinna Tsopei and Richard Harris.In 1985, he won the Robert B. AldrichAchievement Award from the Directors Guild of America.In 1990, he was awarded the DGA Honorary LifeMember Award.Personal lifeSilverstein has been married three times, each ending in divorce. His firstmarriage was to Evelyn Ward in 1962; the couple divorced in 1968. His second marriage was to AlanaKing. During his first marriage, he was the step-father of David Cassidy.He currently lives in NorthHollywood, Los Angeles. Actively retired, Silverstein has taught film at USC and continues to work onscreen plays and other projects.FilmographyTales from the Crypt (TV Series) (1991–94)Picket Fences (TVSeries) (1993)Rich Men, Single Women (TV Movie) (1990)Fight for Life (TV Movie) (1987)Night ofCourage (TV Movie) (1987)Betrayed by Innocence (TV Movie) (1986)The Firm (TV Series)(1982–1983)The Car (1977)Nightmare Honeymoon (1974)A Man Called Horse (1970)The Happening(1967)Cat Ballou (1965)Kraft Suspense Theatre (TV Series) (1963–64)The Defenders (TV Series)(1962–64)Arrest and Trial (TV Series) (1964)The Doctors and the Nurses (TV Series) (1962–64)TwilightZone (TV Series) (1961–64)Breaking Point (TV Series) (1963)Dr. Kildare (TV Series) (1961–63)The DickPowell Theatre (TV Series) (1962)Belle Sommers (TV Movie) (1962)Naked City (TV Series)(1961–62)Have Gun - Will Travel (TV Series) (1961)Route 66 (TV Series) (1960–61)Checkmate (TVSeries) (1961)The Westerner (TV Series) (1960)Assignment: Underwater (TV Series) (1960)Black Saddle(TV Series) (1960)Suspicion (TV Series) (1958)Omnibus (TV Series) (1954–56)Passage 3:Robert G.VignolaRobert G. Vignola (born Rocco Giuseppe Vignola, August 7, 1882 – October 25, 1953) was anItalian-American actor, screenwriter, and film director. A former stage actor, he appeared in many motionpictures produced by Kalem Company and later moved to directing, becoming one of the silent screen'smost prolific directors. He directed a handful of films in the early years of talkies but his career essentiallyended in the silent era.Early lifeVignola was born in August 7, 1882 in Trivigno, a village in the provinceof Potenza, Basilicata, to Donato Gaetano Vignola, a stone mason, and Anna Rosa Rago.  It is unsure whyhe used August 5th as his birthday in America. He had two brothers and three sisters, his oldest sisterhaving died at the age of 19 months in Italy. Travelling with his mother and siblings, he left Italy in May1886, at the age of three. He was raised in Albany, New York. Because of his Christian name of Rocco hewas nicknamed \"Rocky\" on the family’s first census in New York. His name Rocco was later changed toRobert. Trained as a barber in his youth, Vignola by age 14 became interested in the circus, practicingcontortion and slackwire. Three years later, in 1899, he found his true vocation—acting—and the"}
{"doc_id":"doc_233","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Adib KheirAdib Kheir (Arabic: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000) was a leading Syrian nationalist of the1920s. He was the owner of the Librairie Universelle in Damascus. His granddaughter is the spouse ofManaf Tlass.Passage 2:Marie-Louise CoidavidQueen Marie Louise Coidavid (1778 – 11 March 1851) wasthe Queen of the Kingdom of Haiti 1811–20 as the spouse of Henri Christophe.Early lifeMarie-Louise wasborn into a free black family; her father was the owner of Hotel de la Couronne, Cap-Haïtien. HenriChristophe was a slave purchased by her father. Supposedly, he earned enough money in tips from hisduties at the hotel that he was able to purchase his freedom before the Haitian Revolution. They marriedin Cap-Haïtien in 1793, having had a relationship with him from the year prior. They had four children:François Ferdinand (born 1794), Françoise-Améthyste (d. 1831), Athénaïs (d. 1839) and Victor-Henri.Ather spouse's new position in 1798, she moved to the Sans-Souci Palace. During the French invasion, sheand her children lived underground until 1803.QueenIn 1811, Marie-Louise was given the title of queenupon the creation of the Kingdom of Haiti. Her new status gave her ceremonial tasks to perform,ladies-in-waiting, a secretary and her own court. She took her position seriously, and stated that the title\"given to her by the nation\" also gave her responsibilities and duties to perform. She served as thehostess of the ceremonial royal court life performed at the Sans-Souci Palace. She did not involve herselfin the affairs of state. She was given the position of Regent should her son succeed her spouse while stillbeing a minor.  However, as her son became of age before the death of his father, this was never tomaterialize.After the death of the king in 1820, she remained with her daughters Améthyste and Athénaïsat the palace until they were escorted from it by his followers together with his corpse; after theirdeparture, the palace was attacked and plundered. Marie-Louise and her daughters were given theproperty Lambert outside Cap. She was visited by president Jean Pierre Boyer, who offered her hisprotection; he denied the spurs of gold she gave him, stating that he was the leader of poor people. Theywere allowed to settle in Port-au-Prince. Marie-Louise was described as calm and resigned, but herdaughters, especially Athénaïs, were described as vengeful.ExileThe Queen was in exile for 30 years. InAugust 1821, the former queen left Haiti with her daughters under the protection of the British admiralSir Home Popham, and travelled to London. There were rumours that she was searching for the money,three million, deposited by her spouse in Europe. Whatever the case, she did live the rest of her lifewithout economic difficulties. The English climate and pollution during the Industrial Revolution wasdetermintal to Améthyste's health, and eventually they decided to leave.In 1824, Marie-Louise and herdaughters moved in Pisa in Italy, where they lived for the rest of their lives, Améthyste dying shortlyafter their arrival and Athénaïs in 1839. They lived discreetly for the most part, but were occasionallybothered by fortune hunters and throne claimers who wanted their fortune. Shortly before her death, shewrote to Haiti for permission to return. She never did, however, before she died in Italy. She is buried inthe church of San Donnino. A historical marker was installed in front of the church on April 23, 2023 tocommemorate the Queen, her daughter and her sister.See alsoMarie-Claire Heureuse FélicitéAdélinaLévêquePassage 3:Mehdi AbrishamchiMehdi Abrishamchi (Persian: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 born in1947 in Tehran) is a high-ranking member of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK).Early lifeAbrishamchicame from a well-known anti-Shah bazaari family in Tehran, and participated in June 5, 1963,demonstrations in Iran. He became a member of Hojjatieh, and left it to join the People's Mujahedin ofIran (MEK) in 1969. In 1972 he was imprisoned for being a MEK member, and spent time in jail until1979.CareerShortly after Iranian Revolution, he became one of the senior members of the MEK. He isnow an official in the National Council of Resistance of Iran.Electoral historyPersonal lifeAbrishamchi wasmarried to Maryam Rajavi from 1980 to 1985. Shortly after, he married Mousa Khiabani's younger sisterAzar.LegacyAbrishamchi credited Massoud Rajavi for saving the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iranafter the \"great schism\".Passage 4:Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of LuxembourgMaria Teresa (born MaríaTeresa Mestre y Batista; 22 March 1956) is the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg as the wife of Grand DukeHenri, who acceded to the throne in 2000.Early life and educationMaria Teresa was born on 22 March1956 in Marianao, Havana, Cuba, to José Antonio Mestre y Álvarez (1926–1993) and wife  María Teresa"}
{"doc_id":"doc_234","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Matan CohenMatan Cohen (born February 8, 1982) is an Israeli musician best known for hiswork as the guitarist for successful groove/metalcore band Betzefer and the recently reunited melodicdeath metal band Nail Within. Cohen is also a frequent collaborator of comedy punk rock act Bo La'Barfeaturing his Nail Within co-members Evil Haim, and Useless ID members Ishay Berger and JonathanHarpak.Musical careerBetzefer (1998–present)Matan Cohen formed Betzefer along with vocalist AvitalTamir and drummer Roey Berman as a one-off band for a high school gig in 1998.What started as a highschool gig became a big part of the lives of the band members and since then the band started working,first as a cover band (Metallica, etc.) and later they started recording their own material, releasing PitzAachbar in 2000, Some Tits, But No Bush in 2001 and New Hate in 2003.In 2005, the band released itsfirst full-length album Down Low and currently is working on its second.Matan (who is also known as TimYoung outside Israel) appeared on all of the band's releases and is a part of the band from its formationuntil today. He is also noted for always using a custom black Gibson SG guitar.Nail Within (2001-2003,2007)In 2001, Matan joined former Azazel and Betrayer members to form a new melodic death metalproject by the name of Nail Within. Cohen served as a second guitarist in the band and while on hiatusfrom Betzefer, he left to Germany to record the band's first self-titled album.He was a member of theband through all of its short-lived first incarnation and even suggested Betzefer vocalist Avital Tamir asvocalist after vocalist Yishay Swearts left. Tamir performed with the band for one show.Recently rejoinedthe band as all of its members reunited in November 2007 for a one-off reunion show along with plans torecord a new album in the future. Cohen will work with the band on its next album when he will finishprior commitments with Betzefer.DiscographyBetzeferPitz Aachbar (2000)Some Tits, But No Bush(2001)New Hate (2003)Down Low (2005)Freedom to The Slave Makers (2011)Nail WithinNail Within(2003)See alsoList of guitaristsPassage 2:Hartley LobbanHartley W Lobban (9 May 1926 – 15 October2004) was a Jamaican-born first-class cricketer who played 17 matches for Worcestershire in the early1950s.Life and careerLobban played little cricket in Jamaica. He went to England at the end of World WarII as a member of the Royal Air Force, and settled in Kidderminster in Worcestershire in 1947, where heworked as a civilian lorry driver for the RAF. He began playing for Kidderminster Cricket Club in theBirmingham League, and at the start of the 1952 season, opening the bowling for the club's senior team,he had figures of 7 for 9 and 7 for 37.Worcestershire invited him to play for them, and he made hisfirst-class debut against Sussex in July 1952. He took five wickets in the match (his maiden victim beingKen Suttle) and then held on for 4 not out with Peter Richardson (20 not out) to add the 12 runs neededfor a one-wicket victory after his county had collapsed from 192 for 2 to 238 for 9. A week later heclaimed four wickets against Warwickshire, then a few days later still he managed 6 for 52 (five of hisvictims bowled) in what was otherwise a disastrous innings defeat to Derbyshire. In the last match of theseason he took a career-best 6 for 51 against Glamorgan; he and Reg Perks (4 for 59) bowled unchangedthroughout the first innings. Worcestershire won the game and Lobban finished the season with 23wickets at 23.69.He took 23 wickets again in 1953, but at a considerably worse average of 34.43, andhad only two really successful games: against Oxford University in June, when he took 5 for 70, and thenagainst Sussex in July. On this occasion Lobban claimed eight wickets, his most in a match, including 6for 103 in the first innings. He also made his highest score with the bat, 18, but Sussex won by fivewickets.In 1954 Lobban made only two first-class appearances, and managed only the single wicket ofGloucestershire tail-ender Bomber Wells. In his final game, against Warwickshire at Dudley, his ninefirst-innings overs cost 51. He bowled just two overs in the second innings as Warwickshire completed aneasy ten-wicket win. Lobban played one more Second XI game, against Glamorgan II at Cardiff ArmsPark; in this he picked up five wickets.He was also a professional boxer and played rugby union forKidderminster.He later moved to Canada, where he worked as a teacher in Burnaby, British Columbia. Heand his wife Celia had a son and two daughters.Passage 3:Wesley BarresiWesley Barresi (born 3 May1984) is a South African born first-class and Netherlands international cricketer. He is a right-handedwicket keeper-batsman and also bowls right-arm offbreak. In February 2021, Barresi announced his"}
{"doc_id":"doc_235","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Maria ThinsMaria Thins (c. 1593 – 27 December 1680) was the mother-in-law of Johannes Vermeer and a member of the Gouda Thins family. She was raised in a devout Dutch Catholic family with two sisters and a brother. Outliving her parents and siblings, she received inheritances over the years, making her a wealthy woman. She married a prosperous brickmaker, Reynier Bolnes, in 1622. They had three children together, Catharina, Willem, and Cornelia. By 1635, Bolnes verbally and physically abused his wife and daughters. Thins moved to Delft with her daughters. Her son Willem stayed with his father. Thins was a wealthy woman due to the separation settlement of her husband in 1649 and the estates she inherited from her family. Her daughter Catharina married Johannes Vermeer, an artist, art dealer, and operator of the family's inn in Delft. Vermeer and Catharina lived at Thins house by 1660. The couple had fifteen children, four of whom died in infancy. Raising nearly a dozen children strained Vermeer financially. He relied on the support from his mother-in-law. During the Franco-Dutch War (1672–1674), Vermeer became impoverished. Thins reduced the money she provided to Catharina and her husband due to the loss of income during that period. Vermeer died in 1675, and Thins died five years later. Catharina was the only one of Thins' children to survive her. Thins drew up her will to maximize what she could provide for her grandchildren and their education, while limiting how much might be taken by Catharina's creditors. Catharina died in 1687.Early lifeMaria was born c. 1593 in Gouda to a prominent Dutch Catholic family, Catharina van Hensbeeck (d. 1633) and William Thin (d. 1601). They lived in the house named De Trapjes (The Little Steps) in Gouda. Maria had three siblings, none of whom were married. Her sister Elisabeth became a nun. She also had a sister Cornelia and a brother Jan. Since none of her siblings married, Thins ultimately inherited a large estate. The family conducted mass in their home, while at the time it was illegal for a group of Roman Catholics to assemble in Gouda. The local sheriffs broke up a religious meeting at their house in 1619.Garrit Camerling (d. 1627) of Delft became her stepfather in 1605 when he married Catharina van Hensbeeck. She was related to Abraham Bloemaert (1566–1651) through her cousin Jan Geensz Thins. Before her marriage, Thins lived in Delft with a prosperous young woman who was her friend.Marriage and childrenIn 1622, Maria Thins married Reynier Bolnes (ca. 1593–1676), a prominent and prosperous brickmaker. Thins was an heiress when she married, and she collected art, including several in the style of Utrecht Caravaggists.ChildrenThins had three children, the youngest of whom was Catharina Bolnes (c. 1631–1688), nicknamed Trijntge. She also had a son Willem, and a daughter Cornelia. Around 1635, Reynier became verbally and physically abusive with her and her children. At the age of nine, Catharina ran to neighbors because she thought that Reynier's abuse of Cornelia could kill her. Reynier confessed that he physically abused Cornelia and would do it again if Thins beat their son Willem. Reynier and Willem began eating separately from the female members of the family, and the father encouraged his son to be abusive and noncompliant with Thins.Divided familyThins moved to Delft in 1642 to get away from her abusive husband. Jan Geensz Thins, who was her guardian and cousin, purchased a home for her there the prior year. Jan became Thin's guardian following the early death of her father. Thins attained custody of her daughters in 1641 and moved with them to Delft. William stayed with his father, whose business began to fail. Thins lived on Oude Langendijk next to the Jesuit Catholic Church in the Catholic section of Delft called paepenhoek (the Papists' Corner).Thins received half of her husband's assets, a substantial amount, in 1649. By 1653, Reynier Bolnes was bankrupt. Thins derived income from annuities, interest income, and property rentals, including farmland. She also lived off of the capital of her investments. Thins and her sister Cornelia Thins (d. 1661) received a sizeable inheritance from their brother Jan Willemsz Thins following his death in 1651. Thins attained a comfortable standard of living of 15,000 or more guilders a year in the 1660s.Cornelia died in 1649. In 1664, Thin's son Willem, a jobless bachelor, was locked up in an institution after an argument with his mother, and for attacking Catharina, his pregnant sister, with a stick. In 1665, Maria Thins was entrusted with her son's property. She wrote a will, which limited Willem's share to the legal minimum of one sixth of her estate. She mentioned that he had been calling her names since his youth. Willem died in 1676.The VermeersThin's daughter, Catharina, came to know Johannes Vermeer and wished to marry him. Her mother disapproved of the marriage "}
{"doc_id":"doc_236","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Tarcisio FuscoTarcisio Fusco was an Italian composer of film scores. He was the brother of thecomposer Giovanni Fusco and the uncle of operatic soprano Cecilia Fusco.Selected filmographyBoccaccio(1940)Free Escape (1951)Abracadabra (1952)The Eternal Chain (1952)Beauties in Capri (1952)Milanesein Naples (1954)Conspiracy of the Borgias (1959)Passage 2:Petrus de DomartoPetrus de Domarto (fl. c.1445–1455) was a Franco-Flemish composer of the Renaissance.  He was a contemporary and probableacquaintance of Ockeghem, and was the composer of at least one of the first unified mass cycles to bewritten in continental Europe.LifeDomarto's life is poorly documented.  He was listed as a singer at theChurch of Our Lady in Antwerp in 1449, five years after Ockeghem was known to be there, and there isevidence he was in Tournai in 1451.  He had a high reputation (which makes the lack of documentationon his life curious), but even so was passed over for a post as master of the choirboys (in favor of PaulusIuvenis).  No other documentation on his life has yet come to light.Music and reputationDomarto's twomass settings, the Missa Spiritus almus and a Missa sine nomine, were famous at the time.  The latter ofthe two may have been one of the earliest cyclic masses composed on the continent, most likely in the1440s, and imitates some features of contemporary English composers such as Leonel Power.  The MissaSpiritus almus, likely dating from the 1450s, is a cantus-firmus mass, with the melody always in thetenor, but with a changing rhythmic profile as it changes mensuration throughout the piece.  Theprocedure was evidently influential on the next generation of composers, for it was still being copied inthe 1480s, and Busnois may have based one of his own masses on the same method (the Missa O cruxlignum). The theorist and writer Johannes Tinctoris criticised it for exactly the features that inspired othercomposers.The two surviving secular compositions by Domarto are both rondeaux, formes fixes of thetype popular with the Burgundian School.WorksMassesMissa Spiritus almus (four voices)Missa sinenomine (three voices)SecularRondeaux, each for three voices:Chelui qui est tant plain de duelJe vis tousjours en esperanceNotesPassage 3:Bullet (Misfits song)\"Bullet\" is the second single released by thehorror punk band the Misfits. The four tracks comprising the EP were recorded, along with thirteenothers, in early 1978 for the proposed Static Age album. When the band could not find a record label torelease the album, they instead released four of the songs as \"Bullet\" on singer Glenn Danzig's label Plan9 Records. The songs were re-released in different versions over subsequent years, until Static Age wasfinally released in its entirety in 1996.BackgroundIn August 1977 the Misfits released their debut single\"Cough/Cool\" on Blank Records, a label operated by singer Glenn Danzig. Several months later MercuryRecords issued a Pere Ubu record on their own Blank Records imprint, unaware that Danzig held atrademark on the name. They offered him thirty hours of studio time in exchange for the rights to theBlank Records name, which he accepted. In January and February 1978 the Misfits, then consisting ofDanzig, guitarist Franché Coma, bassist Jerry Only, and drummer Mr. Jim, recorded seventeen songs atC.I. Recordings in New York City with engineer and producer Dave Achelis. Because of the timeconstraints they recorded the songs live in the studio with only a few takes each and very few overdubs.They mixed fourteen of them with Achelis for their proposed first album, to be titled Static Age. However,the band were unable to find a record label interested in releasing the album, and instead released four ofthe tracks as the \"Bullet\" EP in June 1978 on Danzig's new label Plan 9 Records.The song \"Bullet\"references the 1963 assassination of John F. Kennedy, with sexually explicit lyrics directed at his wifeJacqueline Kennedy Onassis: \"Texas is an outrage when your husband is dead/Texas is an outrage whenthey pick up his head/Texas is the reason that the President's dead/You gotta suck, suck, Jackie,suck\".Pressing informationThe first pressing of \"Bullet\" consisted of 1,000 copies on black 7\" vinyl with agatefold cover and lyrics sheet. These copies had \"distributed by Ork\" printed on the back sleeve, as adistribution deal with Ork Records had been planned, but distribution through Ork never took place. Asecond pressing of 2,000 on red vinyl had a different back cover, removing the band photo and mentionof Ork and replacing it with artwork of a bullet hole and the words \"better dead on red\". 7,000 additionalcopies were later pressed on black vinyl with the same cover as the second pressing.Re-releases andother versionsAll four songs from \"Bullet\" were reissued on the Beware EP in January 1980, and a live"}
{"doc_id":"doc_237","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Lars EliassonLars Eliasson  (December 8, 1914 – June 5, 2002) was a Swedish politician. Hewas a member of the Centre Party. He was the party's first vice chairman 1957-69 and a member of theParliament of Sweden 1952–1970. For a short time in 1957, he was a minister in the Government ofSweden, in the Second cabinet of Erlander.He is the father of the later Member of Parliament AnnaEliasson.Passage 2:Miley CyrusMiley Ray Cyrus ( MY-lee SY-r\u0000s; born Destiny Hope Cyrus, November23, 1992) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Dubbed the \"Pop Chameleon\", she has beenrecognized for her musical versatility and continual reinvention in her sound and style. Cyrus has beenreferred to as the \"Teen Queen\" of 2000s pop culture and regarded as one of the few examples of a childstar with a successful career as an adult. Her accolades include nineteen Teen Choice Awards, four WorldMusic Awards, three MTV Video Music Awards, two Billboard Music Awards, one People's Choice Award, aGLAAD Media Award, and 8 Guinness World Records. She has made the Time 100 list in 2008 and 2014,Forbes 30 Under 30 in 2014 and 2021, appeared on Billboard's Greatest of All Time Artists chart in 2019,and was ranked as the ninth greatest Billboard 200 female artist of all time.Out of six siblings, Cyrus isthe second daughter of country singer Billy Ray Cyrus. She emerged as a teen idol while portraying thetitular character of the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana (2006–2011). As HannahMontana, she attained two number-one and three top-five soundtracks on the Billboard 200, and the U.S.Billboard Hot 100 top-ten single \"He Could Be the One\". Cyrus's initial solo career consisted of theteen-friendly pop rock U.S. number-one albums Meet Miley Cyrus (2007) and Breakout (2008); thesereleases contained the US top-ten singles \"See You Again\" and \"7 Things\". She then released theextended play The Time of Our Lives (2009), which peaked at number two in the U.S; its lead single,\"Party in the U.S.A\", became one of the best-selling singles in the United States and was certifieddiamond by the RIAA. She also released the country pop ballad \"The Climb\", which peaked at numberfour. Trying to reinvent her image, Cyrus explored dance-pop in her third album, Can't Be Tamed (2010).The record was critically panned; however, its title track reached the top ten in the U.S.Following ahiatus, she underwent a more mature and provocative musical shift with the release of the R&B and hiphop-infused Bangerz (2013). Supported by the top-five single \"We Can't Stop\" and the chart-topping\"Wrecking Ball\", it became her fifth number-one album and earned Cyrus her first Grammy Awardnomination. She experimented with psychedelic music on her follow-up, the free album Miley Cyrus & HerDead Petz (2015), before exploring country pop on Younger Now (2017), which contained the U.S.top-ten single \"Malibu\", and trap on the EP She Is Coming (2019). Plastic Hearts (2020) saw Cyrusventure into rock and glam rock; the record topped the Billboard Top Rock Albums chart. Cyrus's eighthstudio album, Endless Summer Vacation (2023), was preceded by the lead single \"Flowers\", which setseveral streaming records and became her second U.S. number-one single.Cyrus has also starred in thefilms Bolt (2008), Hannah Montana: The Movie (2009), The Last Song (2010), LOL (2012), and SoUndercover (2013), and appeared in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017). On television, she served asa coach on the singing competition series The Voice (2016–2017), starred in the \"Rachel, Jack and AshleyToo\" episode from the Netflix series Black Mirror (2019), and hosts the yearly NBC holiday special Miley'sNew Year's Eve Party (2021–present). She founded the non-profit organization Happy Hippie Foundationin 2014, which was supported by the web video series Backyard Sessions (2012–2023). She starred inand executive produced the Disney+ documentary concert special, Miley Cyrus – Endless SummerVacation (Backyard Sessions) (2023).Life and career1992–2005: Early life and career beginningsDestinyHope Cyrus was born November 23, 1992, in Franklin, Tennessee, to Leticia \"Tish\" Jean Cyrus (néeFinley) and country singer Billy Ray Cyrus. She was born with supraventricular tachycardia, a conditioncausing an abnormal resting heart rate. Her birth name, Destiny Hope, expressed her parents' belief thatshe would accomplish great things. Her parents nicknamed her \"Smiley\", which they later shortened to\"Miley\", because she often smiled as an infant. In 2008, she legally changed her name to Miley RayCyrus; her middle name honors her grandfather, Democratic politician Ronald Ray Cyrus, who was fromKentucky. Cyrus's godmother is singer-songwriter Dolly Parton.Against the advice of her father's record"}
{"doc_id":"doc_238","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Summer EverSummer Ever is the fourth release, and third full-length LP from The RevolutionSmile. The album was an independent release, sold online in physical format and on iTunes andAmazon.Track list\"Summer Ever\" - 1:12\"Are You Awake?\" - 4:16\"I Was a Werewolf\" - 3:22\"Ringwald\" -3:17\"Destination Isolation\" - 3:33\"Maybe, Baby\" - 3:17\"Fate\" - 3:55\"When Love Was Dead\" -4:52\"Recover\" - 4:37\"Move South\" - 1:08\"The State We're In\" - 3:30\"Positive.Negative\" - 2:33\"NiceTalking to You\" - 3:11\"My Skin Is Thicker Than I Wanted\" - 6:19\"Flight Delay\" - 4:13Passage 2:Leavingon a MaydayLeaving on a Mayday is an album by singer-songwriter Anna Ternheim.  It was released on11 August 2008 and is Ternheim's fourth full-length LP.Track listing\"What Have I Done\" – 3:21\"DamagedOnes\" – 3:09\"Terrified\" – 4:42\"Let It Rain\" – 4:54\"My Heart Still Beats for You\" – 4:27\"No, I Don'tRemember\" – 3:53\"Make It On My Own\" – 3:24\"Summer Rain\" – 3:55\"Losing You\" – 3:38\"Off the Road\"– 3:54\"Black Sunday Afternoon\" – 4:37\"Terrified\" – 3:33Delux EditionCD1What Have I DoneDamagedOnesTerrifiedLet It RainMy Heart Still Beats For YouNo I Don't RememberSummer RainLosing YouOff TheRoadBlack Sunday AfternoonCD2: \"Anna Sings Sinatra\"New York New YorkCome Fly With MeFly Me ToThe MoonThat's LifeStrangers In The NightBox editionCD1What Have I DoneDamaged OnesTerrifiedLet ItRainMy Heart Still Beats For YouNo I Don't RememberSummer RainLosing YouOff The RoadBlack SundayAfternoonNew York New YorkCome Fly With MeFly Me To The MoonThat's LifeStrangers In The NightCD2:LIVE EP FROM TOURING 2009No, I Don't RememberDamaged OnesA French LoveWedding SongLet ItRainDVD: ANNA PERFORMS FIVE ACOUSTIC VERSIONSWhat Have I DoneSummer RainNo, I Don'tRememberOff The RoadMy Heart Still Beats For YouPassage 3:Been ListeningBeen Listening is the secondfull-length LP by London-based folk-rock band Johnny Flynn & The Sussex Wit.  The album was recordedin both London and Seattle, and features collaborations with Laura Marling and Anna Calvi. The albumwas also released in a 2-disc special edition and on vinyl.Track listingPassage 4:At Mount ZoomerAtMount Zoomer, the second full length LP from the Canadian indie rock band Wolf Parade, was released onJune 17, 2008.Album titleThe album is named after Wolf Parade drummer Arlen Thompson's soundstudio, Mount Zoomer; the name of the studio references \"a B.C. euphemism for magic mushrooms\", andalso nods to the Montreal band A Silver Mount Zion. The album was originally meant to be entitled Kissingthe Beehive; however, due to possible copyright infringements in relation to Jonathan Carroll's 1997novel of the same name, this title was changed. Singer and keyboardist Spencer Krug said that the band\"didn't know that was the title of a book... We might have to change it, but we might not. And we'll haveto make it clear that it's not [named] after his book. It's a complicated situation.\" It had also beenreported earlier by Blender that the record was entitled Pardon My Blues; however, on April 28, Sub Popofficially announced that the album's name would be At Mount Zoomer.Album overviewThe band startedplaying new songs live that would end up on At Mount Zoomer as early as summer 2007. Among the firstto be played were \"Language City\" and \"Fine Young Cannibals\".According to singer and guitarist DanBoeckner, half of the album was recorded in Farnham, Quebec at Petite Église, an old church that wasconverted to a recording studio by the band Arcade Fire for the production of their album Neon Bible.After touring the east coast in late 2007, Wolf Parade recorded the rest of At Mount Zoomer at MIXartStudios in Montreal, Quebec. Afterwards, the album was mixed at Arlen Thompson's sound studio, MountZoomer.The cover art for the album features the work of Matt Moroz and Elizabeth Huey, depicting abattle scene between the two artists.The track \"Call It a Ritual\" was released by the band on April 14,2008.ReceptionAt Mount Zoomer received positive reviews from critics. On Metacritic, the album holds ascore of 78 out of 100 based on 28 reviews, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\".TracklistingPersonnelWolf Parade – mixing, producing, \"overdubs and vocals recorded by\"Harris Newman –masteringArlen Thompson – recording (tracks 1, 2, 4, 6-8), \"one vocal recorded by\"David Ferry –recording (tracks 3, 5, 9)Nick Petrowski – recording (tracks 3, 5, 9)David Smith – \"some vocals recordedby\"Jace Lasek – \"some vocals recorded by\"Elizabeth Huey – artworkMatt Moroz – artworkPassage 5:TearOurselves AwayTear Ourselves Away is the first full-length LP by San Francisco-based indie rock bandLoveLikeFire.  The album was released commercially on August 10, 2009.  A leaked version of the album"}
{"doc_id":"doc_239","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Scotty FoxScott Fox is a pornographic film director who is a member of the AVN Hall ofFame.Awards1992 AVN Award – Best Director, Video (The Cockateer)1995 AVN Hall of FameinducteePassage 2:Riccardo FredaRiccardo Freda (24 February 1909 – 20 December 1999) was an Italianfilm director. He worked in a variety of genres, including sword-and-sandal, horror, giallo and spyfilms.Freda began directing I Vampiri in 1956. The film became the first Italian sound horror filmproduction.BiographyRiccardo Freda was born in 1909 in Alexandria, Egypt to Italian parents. Fredaattended school in Milan where he took art classes at the Centro Sperimantale. After school he took onwork as a sculptor and art critic.Film careerFreda first began working in the film industry in 1937 anddirected his first film Don Cesare di Bazan in 1942. Freda began directing I Vampiri. I Vampiri was thefirst Italian horror film of the sound era, following the lone silent horror film Il mostro di Frankenstein(1920)  Despite being the first, a wave of Italian horror productions did not follow until Mario Bava's filmBlack Sunday was released internationally.Freda died on 20 December 1999 inRome.FilmographyNotes^  a Freda has denied having taken part in writing the script for this film, despitebeing credited.^  b Freda was originally to direct the film but stated that he walked off the set on the firstday of shooting.^  c Freda name is not in the credits but some sources state he directed several battlesscenes in the film, which Freda denies.^  d Freda name is not in the credits but some sources state heedited the naval battle scenes in the film, which Freda denies.^  e Freda has claimed to have shot theentire film.Passage 3:Oh Sailor BehaveOh, Sailor, Behave! is a 1930 American Pre-Code musical comedyfilm produced and released by Warner Brothers, and based on the play See Naples and Die, written byElmer Rice. The film was originally intended to be entirely in Technicolor and was advertised as such inmovie trade journals. Due to the backlash against musicals, it was apparently released in black-and-whiteonly.PlotAn American newspaper reporter named Charlie Carroll (Charles King) is sent to Venice tointerview a Romanian general, who is played by Noah Beery. While in Venice Charlie falls for a youngheiress named Nanette Dodge (Irene Delroy). When Charlie is unable to get an interview with theRomanian general, a local siren named Kunegundi (Vivien Oakland), who is the general's favorite helpshim. Meanwhile, Nanette learns that her sister is being blackmailed by Prince Kasloff of Russia (LowellSherman), to whom she wrote some incriminating letters. Nanette attempts to vamp the Prince in orderto obtain the love letters. The Prince, however, tricks her and demands that Nanette marry him if shewants to save her sister. After being repeatedly rebuked by Nanette, the prince hires the Romaniangeneral (Noah Beery) to kidnap her and force her into  marriage. Charlie, thinking she has eloped,consoles himself with Kunegundi (Vivien Oakland) and almost marries her until he realizes the truthabout Nanette and that she has been kidnapped by the Prince. Charlie sets out to rescue her and whenthe Prince shows up disguised as the general he shoots Prince Kasloff. Charlie and Nanette are happilyreunited.Ole Olsen and Chic Johnson provide comic relief that is completely unrelated to the main story.They play the part of two American sailors stationed in Naples who attempt to find a wooden-legged thiefwho has robbed the navy storehouse in Venice. Louisa, a local siren (played by Lotti Loder) leads them onand embroils them in trouble.Music\"When Love Comes In The Moonlight\"\"Leave A Little Smile\"\"Highwayto Heaven\"\"The Laughing Song\"\"Tell Us Which One Do You Love\"Production backgroundCharles Kingrecorded three songs for the film for Brunswick Records: Brunswick 4840 (Highway to Heaven/When LoveComes in the Moonlight); Brunswick 4849 (Leave A Little Smile). The other side of Brunswick 4849featured a song from the aborted MGM revue The March of Time (1930).This was to be Charles King's lastmusical movie. He went back to the Broadway stage, since movie audiences had grown tired of musicals,and never returned to the screen.Due to the public apathy towards musicals, Warner Bros. did not debutthis film in the usual prestigious movie theaters. The film was immediately  placed in general release withno fanfare.Comedians Olsen and Johnson were added to the film due to growing public apathy towardsserious stage actors such as King and Delroy. The movie was marketed as a comedy film with thesecomics billed as \"America's funniest clowns\".PreservationThe version of the film released in the UnitedStates, late in 1930, survives intact. A print is at the Museum of Modern Art, and is in the Turner Classic"}
{"doc_id":"doc_240","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Jane WighamJane Wigham (née Smeal; 1801–1888) was a leading Scottish abolitionist, andwas the secretary of the Glasgow Ladies' Emancipation Society.LifeSmeal was born in Glasgow in 1801,the sister of William Smeal. She was educated as a Quaker at Ackworth School in Yorkshire. The familyresided in Edinburgh, later moving to Aberdeen. As Quakers, Smeal's family were unusual in Scotland.The 1851 census shows that there were fewer than 400 active Scottish Quakers at the time.Smealbecame the leader and secretary of the radical Glasgow Ladies Emancipation Society. Her brother Williamin 1822 founded the Glasgow Anti-Slavery Society, a forerunner of the Glasgow Emancipation Society,and was later active in the latter. Smeal had a record of anti-slavery activity, long before the Free Churchbecame involved in the issue.In 1838 she published an important pamphlet with Elizabeth Pease ofDarlington titled Address to the Women of Great Britain. This document called for British women to speakin public and to form anti-slavery organisations for women. An address that Smeal prepared for QueenVictoria has been credited with being the \"final blow\" that ended slavery in the Caribbean.In 1840 Smealbecame the second wife of the Quaker John Wigham, who was a tea merchant and active abolitionist inGlasgow. In 1830, Wigham's wife and two of their children died however the family was revitalized whenhe married Smeal. Jane Smeal became Jane Wigham and she formed a close friendship and collaborationwith her stepdaughter, Eliza Wigham. Smeal and Wigham's marriage took place in the same year as theWorld's Anti-Slavery Convention in London, where Eliza was one of the delegates.After the Ladies'Emancipation Society ceased activity, Jane and Eliza, along with some of their friends, set up theEdinburgh chapter of the National Society of Women's Suffrage. Priscilla Bright McLaren, the president,Elizabeth Pease, the treasurer, and McLaren's daughter Agnes McLaren joined Eliza as joint secretaries.Despite a lack of support from her husband John, Jane and her stepdaughter established the Edinburghsociety as one of the leading British groups supporting the controversial views of the Americanabolitionist and social reformer William Lloyd Garrison.John Wigham died in 1864 and Eliza remained onat the family home on South Gray Street in Edinburgh to care for her stepmother. Jane died in November1888 after a prolonged illness.LegacyFour of the women associated with Edinburgh in the 19th centurywere the subject of a campaign by Edinburgh historians in 2015. The group aimed to gain recognition forElizabeth Pease Nichol, Priscilla Bright McLaren, Eliza Wigham, and Jane Smeal – the city's \"forgottenheroines\".Passage 2:Angelo I GozzadiniAngelo I Gozzadini (died between 1468 and 1476) was Lord ofKythnos.He married in 1429 Caterina Crispo (born 1415, date of death unknown), daughter of NicholasCrispo, Lord of Syros and sister of Francesco II, sixteenth Duke of the Archipelago.Passage 3:May GreenHinckleyMay Green Hinckley (May 1, 1881 – May 2, 1943) was the third Primary general president of theChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1940 until her death. She was thestepmother of Gordon B. Hinckley, fifteenth president of the LDS Church.BiographyGreen was born inBrampton, Derbyshire, England. Her mother had joined the LDS Church three years before Green's birth,but her father never joined. She emigrated to the United States with her mother and some of her siblingsin 1889. Green was baptized into the LDS Church in 1891, and was by then living in Salt Lake City.Greenwas raised in the church's Salt Lake 5th Ward. Early on she was a teacher in both the Sunday School andthe Young Women Mutual Improvement Association (YWMIA). She served as a missionary for the churchin the Central States Mission from 1907 to 1909.After studying booking and accounting, Green beganwork as business manager for a Salt Lake medical clinic.In 1920, Green was made president of the YLMIAof the Granite Stake in Salt Lake City. She served in this position for the next 12 years, and oversaw theinitial establishment of the Gleaner program.In 1932, at the age of 50, Green married Bryant S. Hinckley,whose wife, Ada, had died in 1930. At the time, five of Hinckley's 13 children were still living at home. Atthat time, Green was president of the stake YWMIA. One of the children, Gordon B. Hinckley, laterrecalled that he and the other children were upset by their father's decision to remarry, but theyeventually came to accept their stepmother: \"I don't know that it was easy for her to step into our family,but she did it well. We all respected her. We all loved her\". In 1935, when Bryant Hinckley becamepresident of the Northern States Mission based in Chicago, May Hinckley went with him and presided over"}
{"doc_id":"doc_241","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Domenico de DominicisDomenico de Dominicis or Domenico de Dominici (died 1478) was aRoman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Brescia (1464–1478)and Bishop of Torcello(1448–1464).BiographyOn 20 February 1448, Domenico de Dominicis was appointed during the papacyof Pope Nicholas V as Bishop of Torcello.On 14 November 1464, he was appointed during the papacy ofPope Paul II as Bishop of Brescia.He served as Bishop of Brescia until his death in 1478. While bishop, hewas the principal consecrator of Johannes Hinderbach, Bishop of Trento (1466); and the principalco-consecrator of Giovanni Stefano Botticelli, Bishop of Cremona (1467).Passage 2:Wesley BarresiWesleyBarresi (born 3 May 1984) is a South African born first-class and Netherlands international cricketer. Heis a right-handed wicket keeper-batsman and also bowls right-arm offbreak. In February 2021, Barresiannounced his retirement from all forms of cricket, but returned to the national team in August2022.CareerWesley became the 100th victim to Indian cricketer Yuvraj Singh, when he was dismissed inthe 2011 World Cup game against India.In July 2018, he was named in the Netherlands' One DayInternational (ODI) squad, for their series against Nepal. Ahead of the ODI matches, the InternationalCricket Council (ICC) named him as the key player for the Netherlands.In July 2019, he was selected toplay for the Amsterdam Knights in the inaugural edition of the Euro T20 Slam cricket tournament.However, the following month, the tournament was cancelled.Passage 3:Wale AdebanwiWale Adebanwi(born 1969) is a Nigerian-born first Black Rhodes Professor at St Antony's College, Oxford where he was,until June 2021, a Professor of Race Relations, and the Director of the African Studies Centre, School ofInterdisciplinary Area Studies, and a Governing Board Fellow. He is currently a Presidential Penn CompactProfessor of Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. Adebanwi's research focuses on a rangeof topics in the areas of social change, nationalism and ethnicity, race relations, identity politics, elitesand cultural politics, democratic process, newspaper press and spatial politics in Africa.EducationbackgroundWale Adebanwi graduated with a first degree in Mass Communication from the University ofLagos, and later earned his M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Ibadan. He also hasan MPhil. and a Ph.D. in Social Anthropology from the University of Cambridge.CareerAdebanwi workedas a freelance reporter, writer, journalist and editor for many newspapers and magazines before hejoined the University of Ibadan's Department of Political Science as a lecturer and researcher. He waslater appointed as an assistant professor in the African American and African Studies Department of theUniversity of California, Davis, USA. He became a full professor at UC Davis in 2016.Adebanwi is theco-editor of Africa: Journal of the International African Institute and the Journal of Contemporary AfricanStudies.WorksHis published works include:Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politicsof Meaning (University of Rochester Press, 2016)Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: ObafemiAwolowo and Corporate Agency (Cambridge University Press, 2014)Authority Stealing: Anti-corruptionWar and Democratic Politics in Post-Military Nigeria (Carolina Academic Press, 2012)In addition, he is theeditor and co-editor of other books, including.The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa: Beyond theMargins (James Currey Publishers, 2017)Writers and Social Thought in Africa (Routledge,2016)(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Governance and the Crisis of Rule in Contemporary Africa(Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Democracy and Prebendalism in Nigeria:Critical Interpretations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Nigeria at Fifty:The Nation in Narration (Routledge, 2012)(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Encountering the NigerianState (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010).AwardsRhodes Professorship in Race Relations awarded by OxfordUniversity to Faculty of African and Interdisciplinary Area Studies.Passage 4:DomenicoMaggiottoDomenico Maggiotto or Domenico Fedeli (1713–1794) was an Italian painter and engraver ofthe late-Baroque period.He was one of the main pupils of Giovanni Battista Piazzetta. His son FrancescoMaggiotto was also a painter.He lived and worked mainly in Venice.Passage 5:ShahanuddinChoudhuryShahanuddin Choudhury (born 15 June 1967) is a Bangladeshi sprinter. He competed in themen's 200 metres at the 1992 Summer Olympics.Passage 6:Greg A. Hill (artist)Greg A. Hill is aCanadian-born First Nations artist and curator. He is Kanyen'kehà:ka Mohawk, from Six Nations of the"}
{"doc_id":"doc_242","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting forLucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986)(mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990)(mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)NotQuite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor BlakeMysteries (2013)Passage 2:Robert Baker (actor)Robert Baker (born October 15, 1979, in Memphis,Tennessee) is an American actor known for his roles in Valentine, Grey's Anatomy, Out of Time, and asupporting role in the film Special.Early lifeBaker is the son of musician Lee Baker and his wife Carol. Hisfather Lee was a member of the Memphis rock group, Mud Boy and the Neutrons.CareerHe had a smallrole as a partygoer in the 1999 film Angel on Abbey Street. While still attending theater school at theUniversity of Southern California, he landed a role in the TV movie The Ruling Class, playing a funny highschool jock.In 2018, Baker recurred in Supergirl as Mercy Graves' brother OtisGraves.FilmographyFilmTelevisionVideo gamePassage 3:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director offilm, television and theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directingepisodic television and television films. Some of his television series credits include Love Is a ManySplendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney &Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: TheRideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), QueenSized (2008) and among other films. He directed \"Heart in Hiding\", written by his wife Audrey DavisLevin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming adirector, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions. He costarred with Susan Strasberg in\"[The Diary of Ann Frank]\" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army. Hetrained at the Carnegie Mellon University. Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productionsat the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company. He also co-founded theoff-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was alsoan associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company.Passage 4:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)BrianPatrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Irelandand Australia, and now lives and works in the United States.  He was the director of the Peabody EssexMuseum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director of the ToledoMuseum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currentlylives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art atDartmouth College. In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Earlylife and career in IrelandKennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A.(1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both arthistory and history.He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission,Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office(1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He wasAssistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of theIrish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art MuseumDirectors from 2001 to 2003. In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery ofAustralia.National Gallery of Australia (NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loansprogram throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased thenumber of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-mediasite.  Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinuedthe emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing \"blockbuster\" exhibitions.During hisdirectorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private"}
{"doc_id":"doc_243","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:René ClairRené Clair (11 November 1898 – 15 March 1981), born René-Lucien Chomette, was a French filmmaker and writer. He first established his reputation in the 1920s as a director of silent films in which comedy was often mingled with fantasy. He went on to make some of the most innovative early sound films in France, before going abroad to work in the UK and USA for more than a decade. Returning to France after World War II, he continued to make films that were characterised by their elegance and wit, often presenting a nostalgic view of French life in earlier years. He was elected to the Académie Française in 1960. Clair's best known films include Un chapeau de paille d'Italie (The Italian Straw Hat, 1928), Sous les toits de Paris (Under the Roofs of Paris, 1930), Le Million (1931), À nous la liberté (1931), I Married a Witch (1942), and And Then There Were None (1945).Early lifeRené Clair was born and grew up in Paris in the district of Les Halles, whose lively and picturesque character made a lasting impression on him. His father was a soap merchant; he had an elder brother, Henri Chomette (born 1896). He attended the Lycée Montaigne and the Lycée Louis-le-Grand. In 1914 he was studying philosophy; his friends at that time included Raymond Payelle who became the actor and writer Philippe Hériat.In 1917, at the age of 18, he served as an ambulance driver in World War I, before being invalided out with a spinal injury. He was deeply affected by the horrors of war that he witnessed and gave expression to this in writing a volume of poetry called La Tête de l'homme (which remained unpublished). Back in Paris after the war, he started a career as a journalist at the left-wing newspaper L'Intransigeant.Film careerHaving met the music-hall singer Damia and written some songs for her, Clair was persuaded by her to visit Gaumont studios in 1920 where a film was being cast and he then agreed to take on a leading role in Le Lys de la vie, directed by Loïe Fuller and Gabrielle Sorère. He adopted the stage-name of René Clair, and several other acting jobs followed, including Parisette for Louis Feuillade. In 1922 he extended his career as a journalist, becoming the editor of a new film supplement to a monthly magazine, Théâtre et Comœdia illustrés.  He also visited Belgium and after an introduction from his brother Henri, he became an assistant to the director Jacques de Baroncelli on several films.1924–1934In 1924, with the support of the producer Henri Diamant-Berger, Clair got the opportunity to direct his own first film, Paris qui dort (The Crazy Ray), a short comic fantasy. Before it had been shown however, Clair was asked by Francis Picabia and Erik Satie to make a short film to be shown as part of their Dadaist ballet Relâche; he made Entr'acte (1924), and it established Clair as a leading member of the Parisian avant-garde.Fantasy and dreams were also components of his next two films, but in 1926 Clair took a new direction when he joined Alexandre Kamenka's Films Albatros company to film a dramatic story, La Proie du vent (The Prey of the Wind), which met with commercial success. He remained at Albatros for his last two silent films, Un chapeau de paille d'Italie (An Italian Straw Hat) and Les Deux Timides (Two Timid Souls) (both 1928), in which he sought to translate the essentially verbal comedy of two plays by Labiche into works of silent cinema. While at Albatros, Clair met the designer Lazare Meerson and the cameraman Georges Périnal who were to remain important collaborators with him for the next decade. By the end of the silent era, Clair was celebrated as one of the great names in cinema, alongside Griffith, Chaplin, Pabst and Eisenstein. As the author of all of his own scripts, who also paid close attention to every aspect of the making of a film, including the editing, Clair was one of the first French film-makers to establish for himself the full role of an auteur.Clair was initially sceptical about the introduction of sound to films, and called it \"an unnatural creation\". He then realised the creative possibilities that it offered, particularly, in his view, if the soundtrack was not used realistically; words and pictures need not, and indeed should not, be tied together in a clumsy duplication of information; dialogue did not always need to be heard. Between 1930 and 1933, Clair explored these ideas in his first four sound films, starting with Sous les toits de Paris (Under the Roofs of Paris); this was followed by Le Million (1931), À nous la liberté (1931), and Quatorze juillet (Bastille Day) (1933). All of these films portrayed an affectionate and idealized view of working class life, and they did much to create a popular romantic image of Paris which was seen around the world. These films were made at the Epinay Studios for Films Sonores Tobis, a French subsidiary of the German-owned Tobis company.When Chaplin made Modern Times in 1936, it was noted that some parts of "}
{"doc_id":"doc_244","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Beatrix of BadenBeatrix of Baden (22 January 1492 – 4 April 1535) was a margravine (wife ofa margrave) of Baden by birth and by marriage and a Countess Palatine of Simmern.  She was adaughter of Christoph I, Margrave of Baden and Ottilie of Katzenelnbogen.Marriage and issueIn 1508 shemarried the Count Palatine  Johann II of Simmern (born: 21 March 1492; died: 18 May 1557).  With himshe had twelve children:Catherine (1510–1572), Abbess in Kumbd monasteryJohanna (1512–1581),Abbess in Marienberg monastery at BoppardOttilia (1513–1553), nun at Marienberg in BoppardFrederickIII the Pious (1515–1576), Elector Palatinemarried firstly 1537 Princess Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach(1519–1567)married secondly 1569 Countess Amalia of Neuenahr-Alpen (1540–1602)Brigitta(1516–1562), Abbess at Neuburg an der DonauGeorg (1518–1569), Count Palatine ofSimmern-Sponheimmarried in 1541 princess Elisabeth of Hesse (1503–1563)Elisabeth(1520–1564)married in 1535 Count Georg II of Lauterbach (1506-1569)Reichard (1521–1598), CountPalatine of Simmern-Sponheimmarried in firstly 1569 Countess Juliane of Wied (1545-1575)married insecondly 1578 Countess Emilie of Württemberg (1550-1589)married in thirdly 1589 Countess PalatineAnna Margarete of Veldenz (1571-1621)Maria (1524–1576), nun at Marienberg in BoppardWilliam(1526–1527)Sabine (1528–1578)married in 1544 Count Lamoral of Egmont (1522–1568)Helena(1532–1579)married in 1551 Count Philipp III of Hanau-Münzenberg (1526–1561)AncestorsPassage2:Frederick II, Grand Duke of BadenFrederick II (9 July 1857 – 9 August 1928; German: Großherzog vonBaden Friedrich II.) was the last sovereign Grand Duke of Baden, reigning from 1907 until the abolition ofthe German monarchies in 1918. The Weimar-era state of Baden originated from the area of the GrandDuchy. In 1951–1952, it became part of the new state of Baden-Württemberg.LifeFriedrich \"Fritz\"Wilhelm Ludwig Leopold August Prinz von Baden was born on 9 July 1857, in Karlsruhe in the state ofBaden-Württemberg to Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden and Princess Louise of Prussia.As a student atthe University of Heidelberg, Frederick was a member of the Suevia Corps, a student fraternalorganization. Frederick became the head of the House of Zähringen on 28 September 1907, after thedeath of his father Frederick I, who was the sovereign Grand Duke of Baden reigning from 1856 to 1907.He abdicated on 22 November 1918, amidst the tumults of the German Revolution of 1918–19 whichresulted in the abolition of the Grand Duchy. After the death of his cousin Carola of Vasa, he became therepresentative of the descent of the Kings of Sweden of the House of Holstein-Gottorp. On 20 September1885 in Schloss Hohenburg, he married Princess Hilda of Nassau, the only daughter of the exiled DukeAdolphe of Nassau who later succeeded as Grand Duke of Luxembourg. There was no surviving issuefrom the marriage.He was à la suite the Royal Prussian Regiments Erstes Garde-Regiment zu Fuß (1stGuard Foot Regiment) and 1. Garde-Ulanen-Regiment and à la suite the Imperial 1st Seebataillon. Hewas also Regimentschef of the 4. Königlich Sächsisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 103, which was alsoknown as Infanterie-Regiment „Großherzog Friedrich II. von Baden“ (4. Königlich Sächsisches) Nr.103.Promotions1875 : Sekondeleutnant (= Leutnant)1881 : Premierleutnant (= Oberleutnant)1882 :Hauptmann1884 : Major1889 : Oberst1891 : Generalmajor1893 : Generalleutnant1897 : General derInfanterie1905 : Generaloberst with the rank of GeneralfeldmarschallDeathAfter his death in 1928, theheadship of the house was transferred over to his first cousin who was the last Chancellor of ImperialGermany, Prince Maximilian of Baden.Honours and awardsGerman orders and decorationsForeign ordersand decorations  Austria-Hungary:Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen, 1885MilitaryJubilee Cross, 14 August 1908 Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold Empire of Brazil: GrandCross of the Southern Cross Denmark: Knight of the Elephant, 13 October 1897 Kingdom of Italy: Knightof the Annunciation, 10 September 1897 Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion Kingdom ofRomania:Grand Cross of the Order of Carol I, with CollarGrand Cross of the Star of Romania RussianEmpire: Knight of St. Andrew  Sweden-Norway:Knight of the Seraphim, with Collar, 20 September1881Grand Cross of St. Olav, 27 September 1897 United Kingdom: Honorary Grand Cross of the RoyalVictorian Order, 16 June 1905Honorary military appointmentsHonorary General of the Swedish Army,1906AncestryPassage 3:Mechthild of BavariaMechthild of Bavaria (12 July 1532 – 2 November 1565 in"}
{"doc_id":"doc_245","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of NorfolkThomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk  (1443 – 21 May1524), styled Earl of Surrey from 1483 to 1485 and again from 1489 to 1514, was an English nobleman,soldier and statesman who served four monarchs. He was the eldest son of John Howard, 1st Duke ofNorfolk, by his first wife, Catharina de Moleyns. The Duke was the grandfather of both Queen AnneBoleyn and Queen Catherine Howard and the great-grandfather of Queen Elizabeth I. In 1513 he led theEnglish to victory over the Scots at the decisive Battle of Flodden, for which he was richly rewarded byKing Henry VIII, then away in France.Early lifeThomas Howard was born in 1443 at Stoke-by-Nayland,Suffolk, the only surviving son of John Howard, later 1st Duke of Norfolk, by his first wife, Katherine, thedaughter of Sir William Moleyns (died 8 June 1425) and his wife Margery. He was educated at ThetfordGrammar School.Service under Edward IVWhile a young man, he entered the service of King Edward IVas a henchman. Howard took the King's side when war broke out in 1469 with the Earl of Warwick, andtook sanctuary at Colchester when the King fled to Holland in 1470. Howard rejoined the royal forces atEdward's return to England in 1471, and was severely wounded at the Battle of Barnet on 14 April 1471.He was appointed an esquire of the body in 1473. On 14 January 1478 he was knighted by Edward IV atthe marriage of the King's second son, the young Duke of York, and Lady Anne Mowbray (died1481).Service under Richard IIIAfter the death of Edward IV on 9 April 1483, Thomas Howard and hisfather John supported Richard III. Thomas bore the Sword of State at Richard's coronation and served assteward at the coronation banquet. Both Thomas and his father were granted lands by the new King, andThomas was also granted an annuity of £1000. On 28 June 1483, John Howard was created Duke ofNorfolk, while Thomas was created Earl of Surrey. Surrey was also sworn of the Privy Council andinvested with the Order of the Garter. In the autumn of that year Norfolk and Surrey suppressed arebellion against the King by the Duke of Buckingham. Both Howards remained close to King Richardthroughout his two-year reign, and fought for him at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, where Surrey waswounded and taken prisoner, and his father killed. Surrey was attainted in the first Parliament of the newKing, Henry VII, stripped of his lands, and committed to the Tower of London, where he spent the nextthree years.Service under Henry VIIHoward was offered an opportunity to escape during the rebellion ofthe Earl of Lincoln in 1487, but refused, perhaps thereby convincing Henry VII of his loyalty. In May 1489Henry restored him to the earldom of Surrey, although most of his lands were withheld, and sent him toquell a rebellion in Yorkshire. Surrey remained in the north as the King's lieutenant until 1499. He and hisfamily lived in Sheriff Hutton Castle while in the North. In 1499 he was recalled to court, andaccompanied the King on a state visit to France in the following year. In 1501 he was again appointed amember of the Privy Council, and on 16 June of that year was made Lord High Treasurer. Surrey, RichardFoxe (Bishop of Winchester and Lord Privy Seal) and William Warham (Archbishop of Canterbury and LordChancellor), became the King's \"executive triumvirate\". He was entrusted with a number of diplomaticmissions. In 1501 he was involved in the negotiations for Catherine of Aragon's marriage to Arthur,Prince of Wales, and in 1503 conducted Margaret Tudor to Scotland for her wedding to King JamesIV.Service under Henry VIIISurrey was an executor of the will of King Henry VII when the King died on21 April 1509, and played a prominent role in the coronation of King Henry VIII, in which he served asEarl Marshal. He challenged Thomas Wolsey in an effort to become the new King's first minister, buteventually accepted Wolsey's supremacy. Surrey expected to lead the 1513 expedition to France, but wasleft behind when the King departed for Calais on 30 June 1513. Shortly thereafter King James IV ofScotland launched an invasion into England, and Surrey, with the aid of other noblemen and his sonsThomas and Edmund, crushed James's much larger force at the Battle of Flodden, near Branxton,Northumberland, on 9 September 1513. The Scots may have lost as many as 10,000 men, and KingJames was killed. The victory at Flodden brought Surrey great popular renown and royal rewards. On 1February 1514, he was created Duke of Norfolk, and his son Thomas was made Earl of Surrey. Both weregranted lands and annuities, and the Howard arms were augmented in honour of Flodden with aninescutcheon bearing the lion of Scotland pierced through the mouth with an arrow, within a double"}
{"doc_id":"doc_246","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Muhammad Habib ShakirMuhammad Habib Shakir (1866 in Cairo – 1939 in Cairo) (Arabic:\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000) was an Egyptian judge, born in Cairo and a graduate from Al-AzharUniversity.LifeSheikh Mohammed Shakir b. Ahmad b. ‘Abd al-Qadir was born in 1866 CE in Jirja, a city inUpper Egypt. He studied and graduated from Al-Azhar University. He died in 1939 in Cairo.His son,Sheikh Ahmad Muhammad Shakir, wrote his biography in a treatise entitled Mohammed Shakir ‘Alam minA‘lam al-‘AsrPositionsSudan's Supreme Judge for four years (1890-1893)Dean of Alexandria'sScholarsAl-Azhar Secretary General (\"Wakil\") and a member of its board of directorsMember of Al-AzharCorps of High ScholarsMember of Al-Azhar legislative Society (\"al-Jam‘iyyaal-Tashri‘iyya\")Works\"Al-Durus al-Awwaliyya fi al-‘Aqa’id al-Diniyya\"\"Al-Qawl al-Fasl fi Tarjamat al-Qur’anal-Karim\"\"Al-Sira al-Nabawiyya\"Qur'an controversyMohammed Habib Shakir has been stated by manyinternet sources as \"a well known translator of the Qur'an into English.\" He has been associated with thetranslator M. H. Shakir of the translation published by Tahrike Tarsile Qur'an. However this idea iscontradicted by two pieces of evidence that have now come to light:There is strong evidence thatMohammed Habib Shakir was against the translation of the Qur'an and considered the rendering of theArabic into any other language unlawful.There is strong evidence that M. H. Shakir, the translator, isactually a pen name for Mohammedali Habib Shakir the son of Habib Esmail of The House of Habib.Thetranslator of this edition was in fact a Pakistani Shi'a.See alsoList of Islamic scholarsTranslation of theQur'anPassage 2:Rumbi KatedzaRumbi Katedza is a Zimbabwean Film Producer and Director who wasborn on 17 January 1974.Early life and educationShe did her Primary and Secondary Education in Harare,Zimbabwe. Katedza graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English from McGill University, Canada in 1995.In 2008 Katedza received the Chevening Scholarship that enabled her to further her studies in film. Shealso holds a MA in Filmmaking from Goldsmiths College, London University.Work and filmographyKatedzahas experience in Film and TV Production, Directing, Writing as well as Producing and presenting Radioshows. From 1994 to 2000, She produced and presented radio shows on Women's issues, Arts andCulture, Hip Hop and Acid Jazz for the CKUT (Montreal) and ZBC Radio 3 (Zimbabwe). From 2004 - 2006,she served as the Festival Director of the Zimbabwe International Film Festival. Whilst there, sheproduced the Postcards from Zimbabwe Series. In 2008, Katedza founded Mai Jai Films and has producednumerous films and television productions under the banner namelyTariro (2008);Big House, SmallHouse (2009);The Axe and the Tree (2011);The Team (2011)Playing Warriors (2012)Her early worksinclude:Danai (2002);Postcards from Zimbabwe (2006);Trapped (2006 – Rumbi Katedza, MarcusKorhonen);Asylum (2007);Insecurity Guard (2007)Rumbi Katedza is a part-time lecturer at theUniversity of Zimbabwe, in the department of Theatre Arts. She is a judge and monitor at the NationalArts Merit Awards, responsible for monitoring new film and TV productions throughout the year on behalfof the National Arts Council of Zimbabwe. She has also lobbied Zimbabwean government to activelysupport the film industry.Passage 3:Edward YatesEdward J. Yates (September 16, 1918 – June 2, 2006)was an American television director who was the director of the ABC television program AmericanBandstand from 1952 until 1969.BiographyYates became a still photographer after graduating from highschool in 1936. After serving in World War II, he became employed by Philadelphia's WFIL-TV as a boommicrophone operator. He was later promoted to cameraman (important as most programming was donelive and local during the early years of television) and earned a bachelor's degree in communications in1950 from the University of Pennsylvania.In October 1952, Yates volunteered to direct Bandstand, a newconcept featuring local teens dancing to the latest hits patterned after the \"950 Club\" on WPEN-AM. Theshow debuted with Bob Horn as host and took off after Dick Clark, already a radio veteran at age 26, tookover in 1956.It was broadcast live in its early years, even after it became part of the ABC network'sweekday afternoon lineup in 1957 as American Bandstand. Yates pulled records, directed the cameras,queued the commercials and communicated with Clark via a private line telephone located on hispodium.In 1964, Clark moved the show to Los Angeles, taking Yates with him.Yates retired fromAmerican Bandstand in 1969, and moved his family to the Philadelphia suburb of West Chester.He died in"}
{"doc_id":"doc_247","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Vidkun QuislingVidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonssøn Quisling (, Norwegian: [\u0000v\u0000\u0000dk\u0000n\u0000kv\u0000\u0000sl\u0000ŋ] (listen); 18 July 1887 – 24 October 1945) was a Norwegian military officer, politician andNazi collaborator who nominally headed the government of Norway during the country's occupation byNazi Germany during World War II.He first came to international prominence as a close collaborator ofthe explorer Fridtjof Nansen, and through organising humanitarian relief during the Russian famine of1921 in Povolzhye. He was posted as a Norwegian diplomat to the Soviet Union and for some time alsomanaged British diplomatic affairs there. He returned to Norway in 1929 and served as minister ofdefence in the governments of Peder Kolstad (1931–32) and Jens Hundseid (1932–33) in representingthe Farmers' Party.In 1933, Quisling left the Farmers' Party and founded the fascist Nasjonal Samling(National Gathering). Although he gained some popularity after his attacks on the political left, his partyfailed to win any seats in the Storting, and by 1940, it was still little more than peripheral. On 9 April1940, with the German invasion of Norway in progress, he attempted to seize power in the world's firstradio-broadcast coup d'état but failed since the Germans sought to convince the recognized Norwegiangovernment to legitimize the German occupation, as had been done in Denmark during the simultaneousinvasion there, instead of recognizing Quisling. On 1 February 1942, he formed a second government,approved by the Germans, and served as minister president and headed the Norwegian stateadministration jointly with the German civilian administrator, Josef Terboven. His pro-Nazi puppetgovernment, known as the Quisling regime, was dominated by ministers from Nasjonal Samling. Thecollaborationist government participated in Germany's war efforts, and sent Jews out of the country toconcentration camps in occupied Poland (General Government).Quisling was put on trial during the legalpurge in Norway after World War II. He was found guilty of charges including embezzlement, murder andhigh treason against the Norwegian state, and was sentenced to death. He was executed by firing squadat Akershus Fortress, Oslo, on 24 October 1945.Since his death, Quisling has become one of history'smost infamous traitors due to his collaboration with Nazi Germany. The term quisling has become abyword for \"collaborator\" or \"traitor\" in several languages and reflects the contempt with which Quisling'sconduct has been regarded both at the time and in the present day.Early lifeBackgroundVidkun AbrahamLauritz Jonssøn Quisling (Norwegian pronunciation ) was born on 18 July 1887 in Fyresdal, in theNorwegian county of Telemark. He was the son of Church of Norway pastor and genealogist Jon LauritzQvisling (1844–1930) and his wife Anna Caroline Bang (1860–1941), the daughter of Jørgen Bang,ship-owner and at the time the richest man in the town of Grimstad in South Norway. The elder Quislinghad lectured in Grimstad in the 1870s; one of his pupils was Bang, whom he married on 28 May 1886,following a long engagement. The newly-wed couple promptly moved to Fyresdal, where Vidkun and hisyounger siblings were born.The family name derives from Quislinus, a Latinised name invented byQuisling's ancestor Lauritz Ibsen Quislin (1634–1703), based on the village of Kvislemark near Slagelse,Denmark, whence he had emigrated. Having two brothers and a sister, the young Quisling was \"shy andquiet but also loyal and helpful, always friendly, occasionally breaking into a warm smile.\" Private letterslater found by historians also indicate a warm and affectionate relationship between the family members.From 1893 to 1900, his father was a chaplain for the Strømsø borough in Drammen. Here, Vidkun wentto school for the first time. He was bullied by other students at the school for his Telemark dialect, butproved a successful student. In 1900, the family moved to Skien when his father was appointed provostof the city.Academically Quisling proved talented in humanities, particularly history, and natural sciences;he specialised in mathematics. At this point, however, his life had no clear direction. In 1905, Quislingenrolled at the Norwegian Military Academy, having received the highest entrance examination score ofthe 250 applicants that year. Transferring in 1906 to the Norwegian Military College, he graduated withthe highest score since the college's inception in 1817, and was rewarded by an audience with the King.On 1 November 1911, he joined the army General Staff. Norway was neutral in the First World War;Quisling detested the peace movement, though the high human cost of the war did temper his views. InMarch 1918, he was sent to Russia as an attaché at the Norwegian legation in Petrograd, to take"}
{"doc_id":"doc_248","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Gülbahar Hatun (wife of Mehmed II)Emine Gülbahar Mükrime Hatun (Ottoman Turkish: \u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000; \"benign\", \"spring rose\" and \"hospitable\"; died c. 1492), was consort of Sultan Mehmed II, and mother of Sultan Bayezid II.Early lifeThe Ottoman inscription (vakfiye) describes her as Hātun binti Abdullah (Daughter of Abdullah), which means that her father was possibly a convert to Islam. She was a Christian slave girl of either Greek, or Albanian, origin.MarriageGülbahar married Mehmed in 1446, when he was still a prince and the governor of Amasya. She had two children, a son, Şehzade Bayezid (future Bayezid II) born in 1447 in Demotika, and a daughter, Gevherhan Hatun, born in 1446, who married Ughurlu Muhammad, a son of Aq Qoyunlu Sultan Uzun Hasan in 1474.Due to their middle name in common, Gülbahar is sometimes confused with Sittişah Mukrime Hatun, another consort of MehmedIn 1451, after Mehmed's accession to the throne, she followed him to Edirne. According to Turkish tradition, all princes were expected to work as provincial governors as a part of their training. In 1455 or 1456, Bayezid was appointed the governor of Amasya, and Gülbahar accompanied him, where the two remained until 1481, except for in 1457, when she came to Constantinople, and attended her son's circumcision ceremony.Gülbahar was apparently quite concerned about the future of her son, and related to that, her own properties. In order to secure her properties, she endowed the incomes of certain villages and fields to the Enderun mosque in 1474. Among the endowed properties was the village of Ağılcık, which was turned back into a Timariot village in 1479 during the land reform.In 1468, Mehmed gave the village of Bağluca to Gülbahar. After six years, in 1473, she sold the village to Taceddin Bey, son of Hamza Bali (died 1486), the book keeper of Bayezid's court. In 1478, the village's exemption was abolished and granted back to her probably as a result of the land reform. This order was reissued a year later at the request of Mevlana Şemseddin Ahmed according to which the village was not reverted to her, and she had likely become subject to a legal dispute.Mother of the SultanPer custom, Gülbahar got the highest position in the imperial family after the sultan himself when her son, Bayezid ascended the throne in 1481 until her death in 1492. During her son's reign, she and the rest of the Imperial Family resided at the Old Palace (saray-ı atik) and were visited by the Sultan who on each visit used to pay his respect to his mother. In one case, Gülbahar complained of her son's rare visits and in a letter to her son wrote: \"My fortune, I miss you. Even if you don't miss me, I miss you ... Come and let me see you. My dear lord, if you are going on campaign soon, come once or twice at least so that I may see your fortune-favored face before you go. It's been forty days since I last saw you. My sultan, please forgive my boldness. Who else do I have beside you . .. ?\"Gülbahar had a considerable influence over Bayezid, for she used to make evaluations about the situation of some statesmen. Bayezid also valued his mother's words. In a letter written to him, she advises him against Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha, but favours his tutor Ayas Pasha and Hizirbeyoğlu Mehmed Pasha.In 1485, Bayezid endowed a mosque, and a school in Tokat in the memory of Gülbahar Hatun.DeathGülbahar Hatun died in 1492, and was buried in Fatih Mosque, Istanbul. The tomb was damaged in the 1766 Istanbul earthquake, and was rebuilt in 1767–1768.IssueWith Mehmed II, Gülbahar Hatun had at least a daughter and a son:Gevherhan Hatun (c. 1446 - 1514).Bayezid II (1447 - 1512).In popular cultureIn the 2012 film Fetih 1453, Gülbahar Hatun is portrayed by Turkish actress Şahika Koldemir.In the 2013 Turkish series Fatih, Gülbahar Hatun is portrayed by Turkish actress Seda Akman.In the second season of Netflix's Rise of Empires: Ottoman (2020-2022), Gülbahar Hatun is portrayed by actress Yasemin Eti.See alsoOttoman EmpireOttoman dynastyList of consorts of the Ottoman SultansPassage 2:Hüma HatunHüma Hatun (Ottoman Turkish: \u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, \"bird of paradise/phoenix\" c. 1410 \u0000 September 1449) was a consort of Ottoman Sultan Murad II and mother of Mehmed II.LifeAlthough, some Turkish sources claim that she was of Turkish origin, Hüma Hatun was a slave girl of European origin. Nothing is known of her family background, apart from the fact that an Ottoman inscription (vakfiye) describes her as Hātun binti Abdullah (daughter of Abdullah); at that time, people who converted to Islam were given the name Abdullah meaning Servant of God, which is evidence of her non-Muslim origin. According to tradition, she was of Italian and/or Jewish origins and her original name was Stella or Ester. According to another theory, backed on the fact that Mehmed II was fluent in the "}
{"doc_id":"doc_249","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Mehdi AbrishamchiMehdi Abrishamchi (Persian: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 born in 1947 inTehran) is a high-ranking member of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK).Early lifeAbrishamchi camefrom a well-known anti-Shah bazaari family in Tehran, and participated in June 5, 1963, demonstrationsin Iran. He became a member of Hojjatieh, and left it to join the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) in1969. In 1972 he was imprisoned for being a MEK member, and spent time in jail until1979.CareerShortly after Iranian Revolution, he became one of the senior members of the MEK. He isnow an official in the National Council of Resistance of Iran.Electoral historyPersonal lifeAbrishamchi wasmarried to Maryam Rajavi from 1980 to 1985. Shortly after, he married Mousa Khiabani's younger sisterAzar.LegacyAbrishamchi credited Massoud Rajavi for saving the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iranafter the \"great schism\".Passage 2:På solsidenPå solsiden (On the Sunny Side) is a Norwegiancomedy-drama film from 1956 directed by Edith Carlmar. It stars Arne Lie, Randi Kolstad, Henny Moan,Ellen Isefiær, and Joachim Holst-Jensen. The film is based on Helge Krog's 1927 play of the samename.PlotOn a warm summer day, the writer Joachim Bris comes to the Riibe estate. He has been invitedby Hartvig, the son running the farm. However, not everyone is happy with the visit, which hasunexpected consequences for several people in the family. All of them have a part to play when Esthermust eventually have a big showdown with those that have always lived \"on the sunny side.\"Receptionand reissueWhen the film premiered in 1956, the newspaper Aftenavisen Stavangeren characterized it as\"a truly amiable, sunny, and charming comedy.\" The film was released on DVD  in 2005 by NordiskFilm.OtherThe 1936 Swedish film På Solsidan (On the Sunny Side) was also based on Krog's play. It hada script written by Oscar Hemberg and was directed by Gustaf Molander. The film starred Lars Hanson,Ingrid Bergman, Karin Swanström, and Edvin Adolphson.CastArne Lie: landowner Hartvig RiibeEllenIsefiær: Margrethe, Hartvig's motherRandi Kolstad: Ester Riibe, Hartvig's wifeHenny Moan: Wenche,Hartvig's sisterJoachim Holst-Jensen: Uncle SeverinFrank Robert: Joakim BrisJan Voigt: PrebenKlingbergLalla Carlsen: woman in a boatMinor roles are also played by Otto Carlmar, Haakon Arnold,Ragnar Olason, Odd Johansen, and Odd Rohde.Passage 3:Princess Auguste of Bavaria(1875–1964)Princess Auguste of Bavaria (German: Auguste Maria Luise Prinzessin von Bayern; 28 April1875 – 25 June 1964) was a member of the Bavarian Royal House of Wittelsbach and the spouse ofArchduke Joseph August of Austria.Birth and familyAuguste was born in Munich, Bavaria, the second childof Prince Leopold of Bavaria and his wife, Archduchess Gisela of Austria. She had one older sister,Princess Elisabeth Marie of Bavaria and two younger brothers, Prince Georg of Bavaria and Prince Konradof Bavaria.Marriage and issueShe married Joseph August, Archduke of Austria, on 15 November 1893 inMunich. The couple had six children;Archduke Joseph Francis of Austria, born on 28 March 1895; died on25 September 1957(1957-09-25) (aged 62)Archduchess Gisela Auguste Anna Maria, born on 5 July1897; died on 30 March 1901(1901-03-30) (aged 3)Archduchess Sophie Klementine Elisabeth KlothildeMaria, born on 11 March 1899; died on 19 April 1978(1978-04-19) (aged 79)Archduke Ladislaus Luitpold,born on 3 January 1901; died on 29 August 1946(1946-08-29) (aged 44)Archduke Matthias JosephAlbrecht Anton Ignatius, born on 26 June 1904; died on 7 October 1905(1905-10-07) (aged1)Archduchess Magdalena Maria Raineria, born on 6 September 1909; died on 11 May 2000(2000-05-11)(aged 90)AncestryWorld War IOn the outbreak of war with Italy in 1915, Augusta Maria Louise, though inher 40s and the mother of a son serving as an officer, went to the front with the cavalry regiment ofwhich her husband, the Archduke Josef August, a corps commander, was honorary colonel, and served acommon soldier, wearing a saber and riding astride, until the end of the war.Passage 4:EdithCarlmarEdith Carlmar (born Edith Mary Johanne Mathiesen) (15 November 1911 – 17 May 2003) was aNorwegian actress and Norway's first female film director. She is known for films such as Aldri annet ennbråk (1954), Fjols til fjells (1957), and Ung flukt (The Wayward Girl, 1959). Her 1949 film, Døden er etkjærtegn (Death is a Caress), is considered to be Norway's first film noir. The last film she directed, Ungflukt, introduced Liv Ullmann, Norway's most famous actor internationally, to the silver screen.Carlmarcame from a poor family in the working class districts of East Oslo. However, she did manage to take"}
{"doc_id":"doc_250","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Etan BoritzerEtan Boritzer (born 1950) is an American writer of children’s literature who is bestknown for his book What is God? first published in 1989. His best selling What is? illustrated children'sbook series on character education and difficult subjects for children is a popular teaching guide forparents, teachers and child-life professionals.Boritzer gained national critical acclaim after What is God?was published in 1989 although the book has caused controversy from religious fundamentalists for itsuniversalist views. The other current books in the What is? series include: What is Love?, What is Death?,What is Beautiful?, What is Funny?, What is Right?, What is Peace?, What is Money?, What is Dreaming?,What is a Friend?, What is True?, What is a Family?, and What is a Feeling? The series is now alsotranslated into 15 languages.Boritzer was first published in 1963 at the age of 13 when he wrote an essayin his English class at Wade Junior High School in the Bronx, New York on the assassination of John F.Kennedy. His essay was included in a special anthology by New York City public school children compiledand published by the New York City Department of Education.Boritzer now lives in Venice, California andmaintains his publishing office there also. He has helped numerous other authors to get publishedthrough How to Get Your Book Published! programs. Boritzer is also a yoga teacher who teaches regularclasses locally and guest-teaches nationally. He is also recognized nationally as an erudite speaker on TheTeachings of the Buddha.Passage 2:Catherine of Bosnia, Baness of SlavoniaCatherine KotromanićBabonić (Serbo-Croatian: Katarina Kotromanić) (? – after 1310) was Princess of Bosnia and Baness ofSlavonia by marriage.Catherine was child of Prijezda I Kotromanić and his wife Elizabeth of Slavonia. Herbrothers were Vuk, Prijezda and Stephen. Catherine was married to Stpehen III Babonić. They had twosons: Ladislav (fl. 1293)Stephen V (fl. 1293)Catherine and her husband were given Zemunik Fortress inVrbas area by Prijezda I in spring 1287. Catherine was Baness of Slavonia from 1310 to 1316.Passage3:Albert Thompson (footballer, born 1912)Albert Thompson (born 1912, date of death unknown) was aWelsh footballer.CareerThompson was born in Llanbradach, Wales, and joined Bradford Park Avenue fromBarry Town in 1934. After making 11 appearances and scoring two goals in the league for Bradford, hejoined York City in 1936. He was York City's top scorer for the 1936–37 season, with 28 goals. He joinedSwansea Town in 1937, after making 29 appearances and scoring 28 goals for York. After making 4appearances in the league for Swansea, he joined Wellington Town.== Notes ==Passage 4:Bill Smith(footballer, born 1897)William Thomas Smith (9 April 1897 – after 1924) was an English professionalfootballer.CareerDuring his amateur career, Smith played in 17 finals, and captained the Third Army teamin Germany when he was stationed in Koblenz after the armistice during the First World War. He startedhis professional career with Hull City in 1921. After making no appearances for the club, he joinedLeadgate Park. He joined Durham City in 1921, making 33 league appearances in the club's first seasonin the Football League.He joined York City in the Midland League in July 1922, where he scored the club'sfirst goal in that competition. He made 75 appearances for the club in the Midland League and fiveappearances in the FA Cup before joining Stockport County in 1925, where he made no leagueappearances.Passage 5:Andrew, Duke of SlavoniaAndrew, Duke of Slavonia (Hungarian: Andrásszlavóniai herceg; 1268–1278) was the youngest son of King Stephen V of Hungary and his wife,Elizabeth the Cuman. Two rebellious lords kidnapped him in 1274 in an attempt to play him off againsthis brother, Ladislaus IV of Hungary, but the king's supporters liberated him. He was styled \"Duke ofSlavonia and Croatia\" in a 1274 letter. Years after his death (in 1290 and in 1317), two adventurersclaimed to be identical with Andrew, but both failed.FamilyAndrew was born in 1268. He was the secondson (and youngest child) of Stephen V, the junior king of Hungary at the time of Andrew's birth. Thesenior king was Andrew's grandfather Béla IV. Andrew's mother was Stephen's wife, Elizabeth theCuman.Andrew's father, Stephen, became the sole King of Hungary in 1270, but died two years later.Stephen was succeeded by his elder son (Andrew's ten-year-old brother) Ladislaus IV. In theory,Ladislaus's ruled under the regency of his mother, Elizabeth, but in fact, competing parties of the mostwealthy noble families, including the Csáks and Kőszegis, were fighting against each other for the controlof government.Duke of SlavoniaHenry Kőszegi, the Ban of Slavonia, and his ally, Joachim Gutkeled, the"}
{"doc_id":"doc_251","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Where Was I\"Where Was I?\" may refer to:Books\"Where Was I?\", essay by David Hawley Sanford from The Mind's IWhere Was I?, book by John Haycraft 2006Where was I?!, book by Terry Wogan 2009Film and TVWhere Was I? (film), 1925 film directed by William A. Seiter. With Reginald Denny, Marian Nixon, Pauline Garon, Lee Moran.Where Was I? (2001 film), biography about songwriter Tim RoseWhere Was I? (TV series) 1952–1953 Quiz show with the panelists attempting to guess a location by looking at photos\"Where Was I?\" episode of Shoestring (TV series) 1980Music\"Where was I\", song by W. Franke Harling and Al Dubin performed by Ruby Newman and His Orchestra  with vocal chorus by  Larry Taylor and Peggy McCall  1939\"Where Was I\", single from Charley Pride discography 1988\"Where Was I\" (song), a 1994 song by Ricky Van Shelton\"Where Was I (Donde Estuve Yo)\", song by Joe Pass from Simplicity (Joe Pass album)\"Where Was I?\", song by Guttermouth from The Album Formerly Known as a Full Length LP (Guttermouth album)\"Where Was I\", song by Sawyer Brown (Billy Maddox, Paul Thorn, Anne Graham) from Can You Hear Me Now 2002\"Where Was I?\", song  by  Kenny Wayne Shepherd from Live On   1999\"Where Was I\", song by Melanie Laine (Victoria Banks, Steve Fox) from Time Flies (Melanie Laine album)\"Where Was I\", song by Rosie Thomas from With Love (Rosie Thomas album)Passage 2:Bayezid IIBayezid II (Ottoman Turkish: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, romanized: Bāyezīd-i s\u0000ānī; Turkish: II. Bayezid; 3 December 1447 – 26 May 1512) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512. During his reign, Bayezid consolidated the Ottoman Empire, thwarted a Safavid rebellion and finally abdicated his throne to his son, Selim I. Bayezid evacuated Sephardi Jews from Spain after the proclamation of the Alhambra Decree and resettled them throughout Ottoman lands, especially in Salonica.Early lifeBayezid II was the son of Mehmed II (1432–1481) and Gülbahar Hatun, an Albanian concubine.There are sources that claim that Bayezid was the son of Sittişah Hatun, due to the two women's common middle name, Mükrime. This would make Ayşe Hatun, one of Bayezid's consorts, a first cousin of Bayezid II. However, the marriage of Sittişah Hatun took place two years after Bayezid was born and the whole arrangement was not to Mehmed's liking.Born in Demotika, Bayezid II was educated in Amasya and later served there as a bey for 27 years. In 1473, he fought in the Battle of Otlukbeli against the Aq Qoyunlu.Fight for the throneBayezid II's overriding concern was the quarrel with his brother Cem Sultan, who claimed the throne and sought military backing from the Mamluks in Egypt. Karamani Mehmed Pasha, latest grand vizier of Mehmed II, informed him of the death of the Sultan and invited Bayezid to ascend the throne. Having been defeated by his brother's armies, Cem sought protection from the Knights of St. John in Rhodes. Eventually, the Knights handed Cem over to Pope Innocent VIII (1484–1492). The Pope thought of using Cem as a tool to drive the Turks out of Europe, but as the papal crusade failed to come to fruition, Cem died in Naples.ReignBayezid II ascended the Ottoman throne in 1481. Like his father, Bayezid II was a patron of western and eastern culture. Unlike many other sultans, he worked hard to ensure a smooth running of domestic politics, which earned him the epithet of \"the Just\". Throughout his reign, Bayezid II engaged in numerous campaigns to conquer the Venetian possessions in Morea, accurately defining this region as the key to future Ottoman naval power in the Eastern Mediterranean. In 1497, he went to war with Poland and decisively defeated the 80,000 strong Polish army during the Moldavian campaign. The last of these wars ended in 1501 with Bayezid II in control of the whole Peloponnese. Rebellions in the east, such as that of the Qizilbash, plagued much of Bayezid II's reign and were often backed by the shah of Persia, Ismail I, who was eager to promote Shi'ism to undermine the authority of the Ottoman state. Ottoman authority in Anatolia was indeed seriously threatened during this period and at one point Bayezid II's vizier, Hadım Ali Pasha, was killed in battle against the Şahkulu rebellion. Hadım Ali Pasha's death prompted a power vacuum. As a result, many important statesmen secretly pledged allegiance to Kinsman Karabœcu Pasha (Turkish: \"Karaböcü Kuzen Paşa\") who made his reputation in conducting espionage operations during the Fall of Constantinople in his youth.Jewish and Muslim immigrationIn July 1492, the new state of Spain expelled its Jewish and Muslim populations as part of the Spanish Inquisition. Bayezid II sent out the Ottoman Navy under the command of admiral Kemal Reis to Spain in 1492 in order to evacuate them safely to Ottoman lands. He sent out proclamations throughout the empire that the "}
{"doc_id":"doc_252","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Steele of the Royal MountedSteele of the Royal Mounted is a 1925 American silent Westernfilm directed by David Smith and starring Bert Lytell, Stuart Holmes and Charlotte Merriam. It is based ona novel by James Oliver Curwood about the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and was shot on location inthe San Bernardino National Forest.PlotAs described in a film magazine review, Isobel, an Eastern youngwoman, introduces Philip Steele to her father Colonel Becker, but as a trick implies that her father is herhusband. Philip becomes disillusioned and goes to Canada and joins the North-West Mounted Police. Herehe pursues a bad man. In the meantime, the young woman seeks him out so she can explain the mistakeshe made. When she finds him, he has bagged his man, and there is a reconciliation.CastPassage2:Rumbi KatedzaRumbi Katedza is a Zimbabwean Film Producer and Director who was born on 17January 1974.Early life and educationShe did her Primary and Secondary Education in Harare, Zimbabwe.Katedza graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English from McGill University, Canada in 1995. In 2008Katedza received the Chevening Scholarship that enabled her to further her studies in film. She also holdsa MA in Filmmaking from Goldsmiths College, London University.Work and filmographyKatedza hasexperience in Film and TV Production, Directing, Writing as well as Producing and presenting Radioshows. From 1994 to 2000, She produced and presented radio shows on Women's issues, Arts andCulture, Hip Hop and Acid Jazz for the CKUT (Montreal) and ZBC Radio 3 (Zimbabwe). From 2004 - 2006,she served as the Festival Director of the Zimbabwe International Film Festival. Whilst there, sheproduced the Postcards from Zimbabwe Series. In 2008, Katedza founded Mai Jai Films and has producednumerous films and television productions under the banner namelyTariro (2008);Big House, SmallHouse (2009);The Axe and the Tree (2011);The Team (2011)Playing Warriors (2012)Her early worksinclude:Danai (2002);Postcards from Zimbabwe (2006);Trapped (2006 – Rumbi Katedza, MarcusKorhonen);Asylum (2007);Insecurity Guard (2007)Rumbi Katedza is a part-time lecturer at theUniversity of Zimbabwe, in the department of Theatre Arts. She is a judge and monitor at the NationalArts Merit Awards, responsible for monitoring new film and TV productions throughout the year on behalfof the National Arts Council of Zimbabwe. She has also lobbied Zimbabwean government to activelysupport the film industry.Passage 3:Beauty No. 2Beauty No. 2 is a 1965 American avant-garde film bydirected by Andy Warhol and starring Edie Sedgwick and Gino Piserchio. Chuck Wein also has a role in thefilm but never appears onscreen. Wein wrote the scenario and is also credited as assistantdirector.SynopsisThe movie has a fixed point of view showing a bed with two characters on it, Sedgwickand Piserchio. The film's writer, Chuck Wein is heard speaking but is just out of view. Sedgwick is wearinga lace bra and panties, and Piserchio, wearing only jockey shorts, engage in flirting and light kissing.Wein asks Sedgwick questions seemingly designed to harass and annoy her. Piserchio is more or less abystander not interacting with Wein.The dialogue was ad-libbed and no conclusions are reached in thefilm. The only conceivable climax is when Sedgwick finally becomes so mad at Wein's taunts, she throwsa glass ashtray at Wein, breaking it.ReceptionBeauty No. 2 was filmed in June 1965 and premiered at theCinematheque at the Astor Place Playhouse in New York City on July 17, 1965. Critical reviews weregenerally positive with some critics compared Edie Sedgwick's screen presence to Marilyn Monroe.SeealsoList of American films of 1965Andy Warhol filmographyFootnotesExternal linksBeauty No. 2 atIMDbBeauty No. 2 at AllMoviePassage 4:Beauty No. 1Beauty No. 1 is a 1965 film by Andy Warhol starringEdie Sedgwick, Kip Stagg a.k.a.Bima Stagg, and Chuck Wein.Synopsis and backgroundBeauty No. 1 is aprecursor to Andy Warhol's better known follow up, Beauty No. 2 and was originally titled Beauty.Themovie features Edie Sedgwick, Chuck Wein, and Kip Stagg, a.k.a. Bima Stagg. The film has a fixed pointof view showing a bed with two characters on it, Sedgwick and Stagg. Chuck Wein is heard speaking butis just out of view. Sedgwick, in a skimpy outfit of bra and panties, and Stagg, wearing only jockeyshorts, engage in flirting and light kissing. Wein asks Sedgwick questions seemingly designed to harassand annoy her. Stagg is more or less a bystander not interacting with Wein.After dissatisfaction withperformances in the first shoot, Warhol re-cast and re-shot Beauty as Beauty No. 2, with Edie Sedgwick,Chuck Wein and Gino Piserchio reprising the role of Kip Stagg.The dialogue seems as if it were created ad"}
{"doc_id":"doc_253","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Kaoru HatoyamaKaoru Hatoyama (\u0000\u0000 \u0000, Hatoyama Kaoru, 21 November 1888 – 15 August 1982) was an educator and an administrator, the schoolmaster of Kyoritsu Women's University, which was founded by her mother-in-law, Haruko Hatoyama. She is well known as the wife of Ichirō Hatoyama, who was the 52nd–54th Prime Minister of Japan, serving terms from December 10, 1954 through December 23, 1956. She was the mother of Iichirō Hatoyama, who was Japan's Foreign Minister from 1976 through 1977.After the elections of 2009, she became more widely known as the grandmother of Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama and his politician brother Kunio Hatoyama.See alsoHatoyama Hall (Hatoyama Kaikan)NotesPassage 2:Prince Feodor Alexandrovich of RussiaPrince Feodor Alexandrovich of Russia (Russian: Фёдор Александрович Романов; 23 December [O.S. 11 December] 1898 – 30 November 1968) was the second son and third child of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna. He was also a nephew of Nicholas II of Russia, the last emperor of Russia.Born and raised in Imperial Russia during the reign of his uncle Nicholas II, he followed a military career and entered the Corps of Pages during World War I. With the fall of the Russian monarchy, he escaped the fate of many of his relatives killed by the Bolsheviks fleeing to his parents estate in Crimea. For a time, he was under house arrest there with a large group of family members. They left Russia on 11 April 1919. In exile, he settled in France where he married Princess Irina Pavlovna Paley, his distant cousin. The couple divorced in 1936. Afflicted with tuberculosis, Prince Feodor moved to England with his mother spending the years of World War II there. After the war ended, he settled permanently in the south of France.Russian princePrince Feodor Alexandrovich Romanov was born at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Russian Empire on 23 December 1898. He was the second son and third child among seven siblings. Although a grandson of Emperor Alexander III through his mother, he was not entitled to the title Grand Duke of Russia because he was only a great-grandson of Emperor Nicholas I in the male line through his father. He spent his early years in Imperial Russia. Following family tradition, he began a military career. During World War I he entered the Corps of Pages.At the fall of the Russian monarchy, he looked for refuge with his family in his father's property in Crimea. They lived there undisturbed until the rise to power of the Bolsheviks with the October Revolution in 1917. For some time, Prince Feodor was under house arrest in Ai-Todor and later at Dulber imprisoned with his parents, siblings, grandmother the Dowager Empress and many more Romanov relatives.Prince Feodor, and his relatives in the Crimea, escaped the fate of a number of his Romanov cousins who were murdered by the Bolsheviks when they were freed by German troops in 1918. He left Russia on 11 April 1919 abroad the Royal Navy ship HMS Marlborough and moved   to England and later to France.Life in exileDuring his first years in exile, Prince Feodor lived in Paris in the apartment of his sister Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia and her husband Prince Felix Yusupov. He worked as a taxi driver, and later as an architect.Prince Feodor married on 3 June 1923 in St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Paris, Princess Irina Paley (1903–1990), his first cousin once removed. She was a daughter of Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia and his morganatic wife Princess Olga Paley. The couple had one son:Prince Michael Feodorovich (Paris 4 May 1924 – 22 September 2008); married 1st Paris 15 Oct 1958 (divorced 1992) Helga Staufenberger (born Vienna, 22 August 1926); m. 2nd Josse 15 January 1994 Maria de las Mercedes Ustrell-Cabani (b. Hospitalet, Spain 26 August 1960). Michael died on the same day as his cousin, Prince Michael Andreevich of Russia.Prince Feodor and his wife lived separated in 1930. Princess Irina began a relationship with Count Hubert de Monbrison (15 August 1892 – 14 April 1981) and had a daughter with him while still married to Prince Feodor, who recognized the child as his.Prince Feodor Alexandrovich and Princess Irina divorced on 22 July 1936. He did not remarry and spent World War II in England at the home of his mother. By 1941 he was seriously ill with tuberculosis and had to stay for long periods in sanatoriums to recuperate. During the war years, he had sporadic contact with his son who remained in the south of France with Feodor's ex-wife. After the war ended, to improve his health and to stay closer to his son, Prince Feodor settled in the south of France at the villa of his sister Princess Irina Alexandrovna. He lived there for the rest of his life. With very limited income of his own and too ill to work, his ex-wife and his sister helped with the medical bills. Prince Feodor Alexandrovich died on "}
{"doc_id":"doc_254","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Place of originIn Switzerland, the place of origin (German: Heimatort or Bürgerort, literally\"home place\" or \"citizen place\"; French: Lieu d'origine; Italian: Luogo di attinenza) denotes where aSwiss citizen has their municipal citizenship, usually inherited from previous generations. It is not to beconfused with the place of birth or  place of residence, although two or all three of these locations may beidentical depending on the person's circumstances.Acquisition of municipal citizenshipSwiss citizenshiphas three tiers. For a person applying to naturalise as a Swiss citizen, these tiers are as follows:Municipalcitizenship, granted by the place of residence after fulfilling several preconditions, such as sufficientknowledge of the local language, integration into local society, and a minimum number of years lived insaid municipality.Cantonal (state) citizenship, for which a Swiss municipal citizenship is required. Thisrequires a certain number of years lived in said canton.Country citizenship, for which both of the aboveare required, also requires a certain number of years lived in Switzerland (except for people married to aSwiss citizen, who may obtain simplified naturalisation without having to reside in Switzerland), andinvolves a criminal background check.The last two kinds of citizenship are a mere formality, whilemunicipal citizenship is the most significant step in becoming a Swiss citizen. Nowadays the place ofresidence determines the municipality where citizenship is acquired, for a new applicant, whereaspreviously there was a historical reason for preserving the municipal citizenship from earlier generationsin the family line, namely to specify which municipality held the responsibility of providing social welfare.The law has now been changed, eliminating this form of allocating responsibility to a municipality otherthan that of the place of residence. Care needs to be taken when translating the term in Swiss documentswhich list the historical \"Heimatort\" instead of the usual place of birth and place of residence.However,any Swiss citizen can apply for a second, a third or even more municipal citizenships for prestige reasonsor to show their connection to the place they currently live – and thus have several places of origin. Asthe legal significance of the place of origin has waned (see below), Swiss citizens can often apply formunicipal citizenship for no more than 100 Swiss francs after having lived in the same municipality forone or two years. In the past, it was common to have to pay between 2,000 and 4,000 Swiss francs as acitizenship fee, because of the financial obligations incumbent on the municipality to grant thecitizenship.A child born to two Swiss parents is automatically granted the citizenship of the parent whoselast name they hold, so the child gets either the mother's or the father's place of origin. A child born toone Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the citizenship, and thus the place of origin, of theSwiss parent.International confusionAlmost uniquely in the world (with the exception of Japan, which listsone's Registered Domicile; and Sweden, which lists the mother's place of domicile as place of birth), theSwiss identity card, passport and driving licence do not show the holder's birthplace, but only their placeof origin. The vast majority of countries show the holder's actual birthplace on identity documents. Thiscan lead to administrative issues for Swiss citizens abroad when asked to demonstrate their actual placeof birth, as no such information exists on any official Swiss identification documents. Only a minority ofSwiss citizens have a place of origin identical to their birthplace. More confusion comes into play throughthe fact that people can have more than one place of origin.Significance and historyA citizen of amunicipality does not enjoy a larger set of rights than a non-citizen of the same municipality. To vote incommunal, cantonal or national matters, only the current place of residence matters – or in the case ofcitizens abroad, the last Swiss place of residence.The law previously required that a citizen's place oforigin continued to bear all their social welfare costs for two years after the citizen moved away. In 2012,the National Council voted by 151 to 9 votes to abolish this law. The place of domicile is now the solepayer of welfare costs.In 1923, 1937, 1959 and 1967, more cantons signed treaties that assured that theplace of domicile had to pay welfare costs instead of the place of origin, reflecting the fact that fewer andfewer people lived in their place of origin (1860: 59%, in 1910: 34%).In 1681, the Tagsatzung – the thenSwiss parliament – decided that beggars should be deported to their place of origin, especially if theywere insufficiently cared for by their residential community.In the 19th century, Swiss municipalities evenoffered free emigration to the United States if the Swiss citizen agreed to renounce municipal citizenship,"}
{"doc_id":"doc_255","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Olav AaraasOlav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director.Hewas born in Fredrikstad. From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the NorwegianMuseum of Cultural History. In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St.Olav.Passage 2:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaitingfor Lucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986)(mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990)(mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)NotQuite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor BlakeMysteries (2013)Passage 3:Jesse E. HobsonJesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970)was the director of SRI International from 1947 to 1955. Prior to SRI, he was the director of the ArmourResearch Foundation.Early life and educationHobson was born in Marshall, Indiana. He receivedbachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electricalengineering from the California Institute of Technology. Hobson was also selected as a nationallyoutstanding engineer.Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had fivechildren.CareerAwards and membershipsHobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948.Passage 4:JasonMoore (director)Jason Moore (born October 22, 1970) is an American director of film, theatre andtelevision.Life and careerJason Moore was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas, and studied at NorthwesternUniversity. Moore's Broadway career began as a resident director of Les Misérables at the ImperialTheatre in during its original run. He is the son of Fayetteville District Judge Rudy Moore.In March 2003,Moore directed the musical Avenue Q, which opened Off-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatre and thenmoved to Broadway at the John Golden Theatre in July 2003.  He was nominated for a 2004 Tony Awardfor his direction. Moore also directed productions of the musical in Las Vegas and London and the show'snational tour. Moore directed the 2005 Broadway revival of Steel Magnolias and Shrek the Musical,starring Brian d'Arcy James and Sutton Foster which opened on Broadway in 2008. He directed theconcert of Jerry Springer — The Opera at Carnegie Hall in January 2008.Moore, Jeff Whitty, Jake Shears,and John \"JJ\" Garden worked together on a new musical based on Armistead Maupin's Tales of the City.The musical premiered at the American Conservatory Theater, San Francisco, California in May 2011 andran through July 2011.For television, Moore has directed episodes of Dawson's Creek, One Tree Hill,Everwood, and Brothers & Sisters. As a writer, Moore adapted the play The Floatplane Notebooks withPaul Fitzgerald from the novel by Clyde Edgerton. A staged reading of the play was presented at the NewPlay Festival at the Charlotte, North Carolina Repertory Theatre in 1996, with a fully staged production in1998.In 2012, Moore made his film directorial debut with Pitch Perfect, starring Anna Kendrick andBrittany Snow. He also served as an executive producer on the sequel. He directed the film Sisters,starring Tina Fey and Amy Poehler, which was released on December 18, 2015. Moore's next project willbe directing a live action Archie movie.FilmographyFilmsPitch Perfect (2012)Sisters (2015)ShotgunWedding (2022)TelevisionSoundtrack writerPitch Perfect 2 (2015) (Also executive producer)The Voice(2015) (1 episode)Passage 5:S. N. MathurS.N. Mathur was the Director of the Indian Intelligence Bureaubetween September 1975 and February 1980. He was also the Director General of Police inPunjab.Passage 6:Dana BlanksteinDana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive directorof the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School. She was appointed by the board of directors  in November2019.  Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television. She is a film director,and an Israeli culture entrepreneur.BiographyDana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatredirector Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein. She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in TelAviv.Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with highhonors. During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina'sTragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners.  She also directed and shot 'the making of' film onGavison's film Lost and Found. Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival,"}
{"doc_id":"doc_256","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:The Messenger (2009 film)The Messenger is a 2009 war drama film starring Ben Foster,Woody Harrelson, Samantha Morton, Steve Buscemi, and Jena Malone. It is the directorial debut of OrenMoverman, who also wrote the screenplay with Alessandro Camon.The film premiered at the 2009Sundance Film Festival and was in competition at the 59th Berlin International Film Festival where it wonthe Silver Bear for Best Screenplay and the Berlinale Peace Film Award '09. The film received first prizefor the 2009 Deauville American Film Festival. The film has also received four Independent Spirit Awardnominations (including one win), a Golden Globe nomination, and two Oscar nominations.PlotOn leavefrom the Iraq War, Will Montgomery, a U.S. Army staff sergeant, finds that his girlfriend Kelly is engagedto another man. Before he is to be discharged, he is dispatched as a casualty notification officer alongwith Gulf War veteran Captain Tony Stone as his mentor. He is told of the importance of his task byLieutenant Colonel Dorsett as many have failed. Stone then relays the rules of telling next of kin of atragedy. On the job, their first report to the family prompts the mother to slap Stone, as she and hispregnant fiancé weep over the deceased; a man named Dale Martin angrily throws things at Will; awoman who secretly married an enlisted man cries in his arms after learning of her husband's death; aMexican man who is told through a translator about the death of his daughter cries in front of his otherchild; and a woman named Olivia is in considerably less visible pain after learning of her husband's death.Stone suspects it is due to her having an affair.In a bar, Will and Stone discuss their lives to each other.Will talks about his girlfriend rejecting him and tells Stone about his father's death due to drunk driving,along with tales of his estranged mother. Will sees Olivia with her son at a mall buying clothes for herhusband's funeral, breaking up a fight between her and two Army recruiters attempting to enlist boys andgirls, before offering her a ride. He fixes her car and becomes friends with both her and her young sonMatt. After hearing a voicemail from Kelly talking about her upcoming wedding, he punches a holethrough his wall in a fit of rage, which further aggravates his hand. He arrives at Olivia's house and thetwo express affection for each other, but his attempts at physical intimacy are met with hesitancy as shetells him about how her husband mistreated her and her son.When Will comforts a family in a localgrocery store after telling them of their son's fate, Stone physically berates him for it. Will stands up tohis rank by using his first name \"Tony\"  before walking home on his own. They later make up and spendthe next few days together, where Stone has a hookup and unsuccessfully tries to get Will to do thesame. They end up at Kelly's wedding drunk and make a scene, fight in a parking lot, then wake up in aforest after passing out and go home. Martin is there, and he apologizes for lashing out at Will. In Tony'sapartment, Will tells Tony about his experience with a friend who died while fighting in Iraq - an eventthat resulted in his chronic damage to his left eye - and how he feels his bravery was meaningless as hecould not do anything for him; he contemplated suicide soon after, but stopped himself when he saw thesunrise. Hearing this, Tony breaks down in tears.The next day, Olivia decides to move from her house.She tells Will that she is going with her son to Louisiana; Will tells her he is considering staying in thearmy. He asks Olivia to let him know their new address; she asks him to come with her into thehouse.CastProductionThe Messenger marked the directorial debut of Israeli screenwriter and formerjournalist Oren Moverman.  Though Sydney Pollack, Roger Michell, and Ben Affleck were all attached todirect the movie at various times, when those talks fell through, the producers eventually askedMoverman to helm the project. The filmmakers worked closely with the United States Army and theWalter Reed Medical Center to conduct research on military life, and were specifically advised byLieutenant Colonel Paul Sinor as a technical consultant.ReleaseThe Messenger premiered at the 2009Sundance Film Festival before receiving a limited release in North America in 4 theaters. It grossed$44,523 for an average of $11,131 per theater ranking 46th at the box office, and went on to earn $1.1million domestically and $411,601 internationally for a total of $1.5 million, against its budget of $6.5million.ReceptionCritical responseOn Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 90%, based on162 reviews, with an average rating of 7.51/10. The site's critical consensus states, \"A dark but timelysubject is handled deftly by writer/director Owen Moverman and superbly acted by Woody Harrelson and"}
{"doc_id":"doc_257","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:The Invisible Man (1984 film)The Invisible Man (Russian: Человек-невидимка, romanized:Chelovek-nevidimka) is a 1984 Soviet science fiction film directed by Aleksandr Zakharov based on the1897 eponymous novel by H. G. Wells.PlotDr. Griffin, with no other motive than curiosity, undertakesresearch on the concept of invisibility. Having become invisible, he finds himself in an unfortunatecombination of circumstances consisting of being suspected of murder and hunted down, forced toabandon the notebooks containing the notes of his experiences that would enable him to carry out theopposite process. His former classmate Dr. Kemp promises to find them, but in fact intends to use themhimself in search of absolute power.CastAndrey Kharitonov as  Jonathan Griffin, The InvisibleManRomualdas Ramanauskas (voiced by Sergei Malishevsky) as KempLeonid Kuravlyov as ThomasMarvelNatalia Danilova as Jane BetOleg Golubitsky as Colonel Edai, Chief of PoliceNina Agapova as Mrs.HallViktor Sergachyov as Mr. HallAlexander Pyatkov as Bar ownerPassage 2:The Invisible Man AttacksTheInvisible Man Attacks (Spanish:El Hombre invisible ataca) is a 1967 Argentine comedy film.CastMartinKaradagiánGilda LousekTristanRicardo PassanoJoe rigoliGuillermo BattagliaNathan PinzónGobbi dartMilaDemarieThe Gypsy IvanoffOscar OrleguiSusana MayoExternal linksThe Invisible Man Attacks atIMDbPassage 3:Big PalBig Pal is a 1925 American silent sports drama film directed by John G. Adolfi andstarring William Russell, Julanne Johnston and Mary Carr. It was released in Britain in 1926, distributedby Wardour Films.PlotAs described in a film magazine review, Judge Truscott's daughter Helen spurns hiswealthy lifestyle and goes to do social work in poorer neighborhoods. She is saved from a runaway horseaccident by Dan Williams, champion pugilist, and a warm friendship develops between them. On the eveof a championship battle, Dan's favorite nephew, little Johnny, is abducted by criminals, and Dan isnotified that unless he quits during the fifth round of the boxing match, the lad's life will be sacrificed. Hedecides to lose, but, as the fifth round approaches, Helen appears ringside along with Johnny, who hadescaped his abductors. Dan cuts loose, winning the match and the affections of Helen.CastWilliam Russellas Dan WilliamsJulanne Johnston as Helen TruscottMary Carr as Mary WilliamsMickey Bennett as JohnnyWilliamsHayden Stevenson as Tim WilliamsHenry A. Barrows as Judge TruscottFrank Hagney as BillHoganWilliam Bailey as Undetermined Secondary Role (uncredited)Buck Black as One of the Kids(uncredited)Alison Skipworth as Agatha Briggs, truant officer (uncredited)PreservationA newly restoredcopy of Big Pal exists at the Library of Congress.Passage 4:Abbott and Costello Meet the InvisibleManAbbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man is a 1951 American science fiction comedy film directed byCharles Lamont and starring the team of Abbott and Costello alongside Nancy Guild.The film depicts themisadventures of Lou Francis and Bud Alexander, two private detectives investigating the murder of aboxing promoter. The film was part of a series in which the duo meet classic characters from Universal'sstable, including Frankenstein, the Mummy and the Keystone Kops.PlotLou Francis and Bud Alexanderhave just graduated from a private detective school. Tommy Nelson, a middleweight boxer, comes tothem with their first case. Tommy recently escaped from jail after being accused of murdering hismanager, and asks the duo to accompany him on a visit to his fiancée, Helen Gray. He wants her uncle,Dr. Philip Gray, to inject him with a special serum which will render Tommy invisible, and hopes to usethe newfound invisibility to investigate his manager's murder and prove his innocence. Dr. Grayadamantly refuses, arguing that the serum is still unstable, recalling that the formula's discoverer, JackGriffin, was driven insane by the formula and did not become visible again until after he was killed.However, as the police arrive Tommy injects himself with it and successfully becomes invisible. DetectiveRoberts questions Dr. Gray and Helen while Bud and Lou search for Tommy.Helen and Tommy convinceBud and Lou to help them seek the real killer, after Tommy explains that the motive for the murderoccurred after he refused to \"throw\" a fight, knocking his opponent, Rocky Hanlon, out cold. Morgan, thepromoter who fixed the fight, ordered Tommy's manager beaten to death while framing Tommy for thecrime. In order to investigate undercover, Lou poses as a boxer, with Bud as his manager. They go toStillwell's gym, where Lou gets in the ring with Rocky. Tommy, still invisible, gets into the ring with themand again knocks out Hanlon, making it look like Lou did it, and an official match is arranged. Needing to"}
{"doc_id":"doc_258","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Lương Hoàng NamLương Hoàng Nam (born 2 March 1997) is a Vietnamese footballer whoplays as a central midfielder for V.League 1 club Hải Phòng.HonoursCông An Nhân DânV.League 2:2022Passage 2:John McMahon (Surrey and Somerset cricketer)John William Joseph McMahon (28December 1917 – 8 May 2001) was an Australian-born first-class cricketer who played for Surrey andSomerset County Cricket Clubs in England from 1947 to 1957.Surrey cricketerMcMahon was an orthodoxleft-arm spin bowler with much variation in speed and flight who was spotted by Surrey playing in clubcricket in North London and brought on to the county's staff for the 1947 season at the age of 29. In thefirst innings of his first match, against Lancashire at The Oval, he took five wickets for 81 runs.In his firstfull season, 1948, he was Surrey's leading wicket-taker and in the last home game of the season he wasawarded his county cap – he celebrated by taking eight Northamptonshire wickets for 46 runs at TheOval, six of them coming in the space of 6.3 overs for seven runs. This would remain the best bowlingperformance of his first-class career, not surpassed, but he did equal it seven years later. In the followinggame, the last away match of the season, he took 10 Hampshire wickets for 150 runs in the match atBournemouth. In the 1948 season as a whole, he took 91 wickets at an average of 28.07. As a tail-endleft-handed batsman, he managed just 93 runs in the season at an average of 4.22.The emergence ofTony Lock as a slow left-arm bowler in 1949 brought a stuttering end of McMahon's Surrey career.Though he played in 12 first-class matches in the 1949 season, McMahon took only 19 wickets; a similarnumber of matches in 1950 brought 34 wickets. In 1951, he played just seven times and in 1952 onlythree times. In 1953, Lock split the first finger of his left hand, and played in only 11 of Surrey's CountyChampionship matches; McMahon played as his deputy in 14 Championship matches, though a measureof their comparative merits was that Lock's 11 games produced 67 wickets at 12.38 runs apiece, whileMcMahon's 14 games brought him 45 wickets at the, for him, low average of 21.53. At the end of the1953 season, McMahon was allowed to leave Surrey to join Somerset, then languishing at the foot of theCounty Championship and recruiting widely from other counties and other countries.SomersetcricketerSomerset's slow bowling in 1954 was in the hands of leg-spinner Johnny Lawrence, with supportfrom the off-spin of Jim Hilton while promising off-spinner Brian Langford was on national service.McMahon filled a vacancy for a left-arm orthodox spinner that had been there since the retirement ofHorace Hazell at the end of the 1952 season; Hazell's apparent successor, Roy Smith, had failed torealise his promise as a bowler in 1953, though his batting had advanced significantly.McMahon instantlybecame a first-team regular and played in almost every match during his four years with the county, notmissing a single Championship game until he was controversially dropped from the side in August 1957,after which he did not play in the Championship again.In the 1954 season, McMahon, alongside fellownewcomer Hilton, was something of a disappointment, according to Wisden: \"The new spin bowlers,McMahon and Hilton, did not attain to the best standards of their craft in a wet summer, yet, like the restof the attack, they would have fared better with reasonable support in the field and from their ownbatsmen,\" it said. McMahon took 85 wickets at an average of 27.47 (Hilton took only 42 at a higheraverage). His best match was against Essex at Weston-super-Mare where he took six for 96 in the firstinnings and five for 45 in the second to finish with match figures of 11 for 141, which were the best of hiscareer. He was awarded his county cap in the 1954 season, but Somerset remained at the bottom of thetable.The figures for the 1955 were similar: McMahon this time took 75 wickets at 28.77 apiece. Therewas a small improvement in his batting and the arrival of Bryan Lobb elevated McMahon to No 10 in thebatting order for most of the season, and he responded with 262 runs and an average of 9.03. Thisincluded his highest-ever score, 24, made in the match against Sussex at Frome. A week later inSomerset's next match, he equalled his best-ever bowling performance, taking eight Kent wickets for 46runs in the first innings of a match at Yeovil through what Wisden called \"clever variation of flight andspin\". These matches brought two victories for Somerset, but there were only two others in the 1955season and the side finished at the bottom of the Championship for the fourth season running.At the endof the 1955 season, Lawrence retired and McMahon became Somerset's senior spin bowler for the 1956"}
{"doc_id":"doc_259","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:The Thing About StyxThe Thing About Styx (German: Die Sache mit Styx) is a 1942 German comedy crime film directed by Karl Anton and starring Laura Solari, Viktor de Kowa and Margit Symo. It was based on the novel Rittmeister Styx by Georg Mühlen-Schulte.CastLaura Solari as Julia SanderViktor de Kowa as Captain StyxMargit Symo as ArianeWill Dohm as BasilioCurt Lucas as Jules StoneWalter Steinbeck as Jacques StoneHans Leibelt as consul SanderHarald Paulsen as Dr. BonnettTheodor Loos as LenskiFranz Weber as CyrillWerner Scharf as TschelebiFranz Zimmermann as DodleyKurt Seifert as EugeneKarl Meixner as messengerLeo Peukert as DuchanHans Stiebner as hostLouis Ralph as packagerWilhelm Bendow as administrator of the legationKurt Mikulski as opera doormanTheodor Vogeler as accompanist #1Friedrich Petermann as accompanist #2Karl JüstelAngelo FerrariFranz SchafheitlinWalter BechmannPassage 2:The Wonderful World of Captain KuhioThe Wonderful World of Captain Kuhio (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000, Kuhio Taisa, lit. \"Captain Kuhio\") is a 2009 Japanese comedy-crime film, directed by Daihachi Yoshida, based on Kazumasa Yoshida's 2006 biographical novel, Kekkon Sagishi Kuhio Taisa (lit. \"Marriage swindler Captain Kuhio\"), that focuses on a real-life marriage swindler, who conned over 100 million yen (US$1.2 million) from a number of women between the 1970s and the 1990s.The film was released in Japan on 10 October 2009.CastMasato Sakai - Captain KuhioYasuko Matsuyuki - Shinobu NaganoHikari Mitsushima - Haru YasuokaYuko Nakamura - Michiko SudoHirofumi Arai - Tatsuya NaganoKazuya Kojima - Koichi TakahashiSakura Ando - Rika KinoshitaMasaaki Uchino - Chief FujiwaraKanji Furutachi - Shigeru KurodaReila AphroditeSei AndoAwardsAt the 31st Yokohama Film FestivalBest Actor – Masato SakaiBest Supporting Actress – Sakura AndoPassage 3:The Thing from Another WorldThe Thing from Another World, sometimes referred to as just The Thing, is a 1951 American black-and-white science fiction-horror film, directed by Christian Nyby, produced by Edward Lasker for Howard Hawks' Winchester Pictures Corporation, and released by RKO Radio Pictures. The film stars Margaret Sheridan, Kenneth Tobey, Robert Cornthwaite, and Douglas Spencer. James Arness plays The Thing: He is difficult to recognize in costume and makeup due to both low lighting and other effects used to obscure his features. The Thing from Another World is based on the 1938 novella \"Who Goes There?\" by John W. Campbell (writing under the pseudonym of Don A. Stuart).The film's storyline concerns a United States Air Force crew and scientists who find, frozen in the Arctic ice, a crashed flying saucer and a humanoid body nearby. Returning to their remote arctic research outpost with the body still in a block of ice, they are forced to defend themselves against the still alive and malevolent plant-based alien when it is accidentally thawed out.PlotIn Anchorage, journalist Ned Scott (Douglas Spencer), looking for a story, visits the officer's club of the Alaskan Air Command, where he meets Captain Pat Hendry (Kenneth Tobey), his co-pilot Lieutenant Eddie Dykes, (a friend of Scott's), and flight navigator Ken \"Mac\" MacPherson. General Fogarty orders Hendry to fly to Polar Expedition Six at the North Pole, per a request from its lead scientist, Nobel laureate Dr. Arthur Carrington (Robert Cornthwaite); Carrington has radioed that an unusual aircraft has crashed nearby. With Scott, Corporal Barnes, crew chief Bob, and a pack of sled dogs, Hendry pilots a Douglas C-47 Skytrain transport aircraft to the remote outpost.Upon arrival, Scott and the airmen meet radio operator Tex, Dr. Chapman, his wife Mrs. Chapman, a man named Lee, who is one of two cooks, and the Inuit dog handlers. Also present are scientists Vorhees, Stern, Redding, Stone, Laurence, Wilson, Ambrose, Auerbach, Olson, and Carrington. Hendry later rekindles his romance with Nikki Nicholson (Margaret Sheridan), Carrington's secretary. Several scientists fly with the airmen to the crash site, finding a large object buried beneath the ice. As they spread out to determine the object's shape, they realize that they are standing in a circle; they have discovered a flying saucer. The team attempts to melt the ice covering the saucer with thermite, but a violent reaction with the craft's metal alloy completely destroys it. Their Geiger counter, however, detects a frozen body buried nearby; it is excavated in a large block of ice and loaded aboard the C-47 transport. They fly out as an Arctic storm closes in on their site.Hendry assumes command of the outpost and, pending radio instructions from General Fogarty, denies Scott permission to send out his story; he also denies the scientists' demands to examine the body. Tex sends an update to Fogarty, and the airmen settle in as the storm arrives. A watch is posted; Barnes relieves McPherson and, disturbed by the "}
{"doc_id":"doc_260","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Dan MilneDan Milne is a British actor/director who is possibly best known for his role inEastEnders.CareerHe started his career in 1996 and made an appearance in Murder Most Horrid and as apub poet in In a Land of Plenty. He then appeared in EastEnders as David Collins, Jane Beale's dyinghusband.As a member of the Young Vic, he collaborated with Tim Supple to originate  Grimm Tales,which toured internationally, culminating in a Broadway run at the New Victory Theater. Since that timehe has collaborated on more than seven major new works, including Two Men Talking, which has run forthe past six years in various cities across the world. In 2013, he replaced Ken Barrie as the voice of theReverend Timms in the children's show, Postman Pat.Passage 2:Arindam SilArindam Sil (born March 12,1964) is an Indian actor, film director and line producer who predominantly works in Bengali films..EarlylifeSil was born on 12 March 1964 in North Calcutta to a traditional joint family. He was a student of St.Joseph's College, Calcutta, and St. Xavier's College, Kolkata, from where he passed ICSE, ISC & B Com(Hons) examinations. He then pursued M.B.A. in marketing from the Indian Institute of Social Welfareand Business Management at the University of Calcutta. He gave up his PhD at USA to pursue his interestin becoming an actor. In 2012 he directed a movie Aborto. Sil and his company, Nothing Beyond Cinema,has managed the line-production of films like The Bong Connection, Via Darjeeling, 033, Brake Fail,Shukno Lanka, Nobel Chor, Kahaani, Detective Byomkesh Bakshi, TE3N, Meri Pyari Bindu', amongothers.FilmographyDirectorActorAfghaani Snow (2023)Sada Ronger Prithibi (2023)Shabash Feluda(2023)Lost (2023)Tirandaj Shabor (2022)Mahananda (2022)Bhalo Meye Kharap Meye(2019)Durgeshgorer Guptodhon (2019)Finally Bhalobasha (2019)Guptodhoner Sondhane (2018)EagolerChokh (2016) (cameo)Har Har Byomkesh (2015) (cameo)Shudhu Tomari Jonyo (2015) Nayantara'sFatherBuno Haansh (2014)Kaal Madhumas (2013)Target Kolkata (2013)Asbo Aar Ekdin (2012)Laptop(2012) Raya's FatherNobel Chor (2012)Arekti Premer Golpo (2010)Ekti Tarar Khonje (2010)Sob ChoritroKalponik (2009)Brake Fail (2009)Via Darjeeling (2008)Tolly Lights (2008)Chalo Let's Go (2008)BowBarracks Forever (2007)The Bong Connection (2007)Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: The Forgotten Hero(2005)Dwitio Paksha (2004)Mahulbanir Sereng (2004)Annadaata (2002)Debdas (2002)Moner MajheTumi (2002)Cancer (2001)Hey Ram (2000)Shesh Thikana (2000)Sankha Sindurer Dibyi (1999)ShatruMitra (1999)Swapno Niye (1999)Tumi Ele Taai (1999)Executive producerMeri Pyaari Bindu(2017)Kahaani 2: Durga Rani Singh (2016)Te3n (2016)Detective Byomkesh Bakshy!Gunday(2014)Kahaani (2012)Nobel Chor (2012)Shukno Lanka (2010)033 (2010)Brake Fail (2009)Via Darjeeling(2008)The Bong Connection (2007)See alsoPijush GangulyParan BandopadhyayPassage 3:Circle ofDeceptionCircle of Deception is a 1960 CinemaScope British war film directed by Jack Lee and starringBradford Dillman, Suzy Parker and Harry Andrews.PlotA Canadian officer is sent on a secret anddangerous mission during World War II. His superior officers deceptively give him false information aboutthe planned invasion of 1944. He is told that this secret information must not get into enemy hands. He istransported into occupied territory in a way that insures he will be captured. He resists torture, but finallytells all.  The Germans are misled and the Normandy landings succeed. The Canadian officer is now abroken man.CastBradford Dillman as Captain Paul RaineSuzy Parker as Lucy BowenHarry Andrews asCaptain Thomas RawsonRobert Stephens as Captain SteinPaul Rogers as Major William SpenceJohnWelsh as Major TaylorRonald Allen as Jim AbelsonA. J. Brown as Frank BowenMartin Boddey as HenryCrowCharles Lloyd-Pack as AyresJacques Cey as CureJohn Dearth as Captain OrmrodNorman Coburn asCarterHennie Scott as Small boyRichard Marner as German colonelWalter Gotell as Phoney JulesBallardPassage 4:Elliot SilversteinElliot Silverstein (born August 3, 1927) is a retired American film andtelevision director. He directed the Academy Award-winning western comedy Cat Ballou (1965), andother films including The Happening (1967), A Man Called Horse (1970), Nightmare Honeymoon (1974),and The Car (1977). His television work includes four episodes of The Twilight Zone(1961–1964).CareerElliot Silverstein was the director of six feature films in the mid-twentieth century.The most famous of these by far is Cat Ballou, a comedy-western starring Jane Fonda and Lee Marvin.Theother Silverstein films, in chronological order, are The Happening, A Man Called Horse,  Nightmare"}
{"doc_id":"doc_261","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Mason of the MountedMason of the Mounted is a 1932 American pre-Code Western filmdirected by Harry L. Fraser. It was the fourth Monogram Pictures eight-film Western film series \"the Billand Andy series\" with Bill Cody co-starring with child actor Andy Shuford.PlotNorth-West Mounted PoliceConstable Bill Mason and two other Mounties are chasing a murderer who shoots and wounds one ofthem. When the murderer has entered the United States, Bill Mason goes undercover to get his man andbring him back to Canada for justice.  He finds that the murderer, now calling himself Calhoun is leadinga group of rustlers. Without knowing his true identity, the locals have Mason elected as the head of avigilante committee to stop the rustling.CastBill Cody as Bill MasonAndy Shuford as Andy Talbot, Luke'sNephewNancy Drexel as Marion KirbyLeRoy Mason as CalhounJack Carlyle as Luke Kirby, Marion'sFatherJames A. Marcus as MarshalArt Smith as R.N.W.M.P, OfficerExternal linksMason of the Mounted atIMDbMason of the Mounted is available for free viewing and download at the Internet ArchivePassage2:Le Masque de la MéduseLe masque de la Méduse (English: The Mask of Medusa) is a 2009 fantasyhorror film directed by Jean Rollin. The film is a modern-day telling of the Greek mythological tale of theGorgon and was inspired by the 1964 classic Hammer Horror film of the same name and the 1981 cultclassic Clash of the Titans. It was Rollin's final film, as the director died in 2010.CastSimone Rollin as laMéduseSabine Lenoël as EuryaleMarlène Delcambre as SthénoJuliette Moreau as JulietteDelphineMontoban as CorneliusJean-Pierre Bouyxou as le gardienBernard Charnacé as le collectionneurAgnèsPierron as la colleuse d'affiche au Grand-GuignolGabrielle Rollin as la petite contrebassisteJean Rollin asl'homme qui enterre la têteThomas Smith as ThomasProductionIt was thought that Rollin's 2007 film Lanuit des horloges was the final film of his career, as he had mentioned in the past. However, in 2009,Rollin began preparation foe Le masque de la Méduse. Rollin originally directed the film as a one-hourshort, which was screened at the Cinémathèque de Toulouse, but after the release, Rollin decided to add20 minutes of additional scenes and then cut the film into two distinct parts, as he did with his firstfeature, Le Viol du Vampire.  The film was shot on location at the Golden Gate Aquarium and PèreLachaise Cemetery, as well as on stage at the Theatre du Grande Guignol, which is where the longestpart of the film takes place. It was shot on HD video on a low budget of €150,000. Before the release, itwas transferred to 35mm film.ReleaseThe film was not released theatrically, although it premiered on 19November 2009 at the 11th edition of the Extreme Cinema Film Festival at the Cinémathèque deToulouse. As part of \"An Evening with Jean Rollin\", it was shown as a double feature with Rollin's 2007film La nuit des horloges.Home mediaNo official DVD was released, although for a limited time, a DVD ofLa masque de la Méduse was included with the first 150 copies of Rollin's book Jean Rollin: Écritscomplets Volume 1.Passage 3:Code of the MountedThe Code of the Mounted is a 1935 American dramafilm directed by Sam Newfield from a screenplay by Milton Raison.  The film stars Kermit Maynard, RobertWarwick, and Jim Thorpe.CastPlotRaoul Marlin kills a fur trapper, and is captured and imprisoned bymembers of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.  Snaky, a member of his gang, kills the two Mountiesguarding him, and helps him escape, but another Mountie, Jim Wilson, tracks him down and recaptureshim. However, as they are making their way back to jail, more members of the gang Marlin belongs to,including the gang's leader, Jean, waylay them and free Marlin once again. Wilson and his partner,Rogers, begin tracking the gang down. The trail leads them to a general store which is owned by Duval,who is Jean's second-in-command, as well as being in love with her. Wilson hatches a plan to goundercover and impersonate a notorious thief and murderer, Benet.  When he gets to the store, hewitnesses Duval kill an Indian, when the Indian refuses to sell his furs for fifty cents each. Jean tells himto get out of there, but Wilson gives her his story of being Benet, and wanting to partner with her andsplit the black market in the region with her. Wilson's cover is further bolstered when Rogers beginsspreading a \"rumor\" around town that Wilson is Benet.  After spreading the rumor, Rogers leaves to goget more Mounties to help break up the gang. Duval, jealous of the attention Jean is bestowing onWilson/Benet, as well as being upset over being shut out of their deal, begins to dig into Benet'shistory.  At the newspaper office, he finds out that the real Benet had been hung a short time earlier.  He"}
{"doc_id":"doc_262","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Paolo Delle PianePaolo Delle Piane (born 1 May 1964 in Bologna) is a retired Italian racingdriver.See alsoMotorsport in ItalyPassage 2:Wesley BarresiWesley Barresi (born 3 May 1984) is a SouthAfrican born first-class and Netherlands international cricketer. He is a right-handed wicketkeeper-batsman and also bowls right-arm offbreak. In February 2021, Barresi announced his retirementfrom all forms of cricket, but returned to the national team in August 2022.CareerWesley became the100th victim to Indian cricketer Yuvraj Singh, when he was dismissed in the 2011 World Cup gameagainst India.In July 2018, he was named in the Netherlands' One Day International (ODI) squad, fortheir series against Nepal. Ahead of the ODI matches, the International Cricket Council (ICC) named himas the key player for the Netherlands.In July 2019, he was selected to play for the Amsterdam Knights inthe inaugural edition of the Euro T20 Slam cricket tournament. However, the following month, thetournament was cancelled.Passage 3:Carlo CicalaCarlo Cicala or Carlo Cicada was a Roman Catholicprelate who served as Bishop of Albenga (1554–1572).).BiographyOn 30 March 1554, Carlo Cicala wasappointed during the papacy of Pope Julius III as Bishop of Albenga. He served as Bishop of Albenga untilhis resignation in 1572.Episcopal successionWhile bishop, he was the principal co-consecratorof:Benedetto Lomellini, Bishop of Ventimiglia (1565);Filippo Spinola, Bishop of Bisignano (1566);andLuca Fieschi, Bishop of Andria (1566).Passage 4:Bronisław DembowskiBronisław Dembowski (2October 1927 – 16 November 2019) was a Polish Catholic bishop.Dembowski was born in Poland and wasordained to the priesthood in 1953. He served as the bishop of the Diocese of Włocławek, Poland, from1992 to 2003.== Notes ==Passage 5:Carlo Delle PianeCarlo Delle Piane (2 February 1936 – 23 August2019) was an Italian film actor. From 1948 until his death, he appeared in more than 100 films.Born inRome, Delle Piane made his debut at the age of twelve in Duilio Coletti's Heart; he starred in thestereotypical role of an arrogant but basically kind-hearted boy in many films until the mid-fifties. Theturning point of his career was the encounter with Pupi Avati, with whom Delle Piane experienced moresignificant and varied roles, going from comic surreal performances to melancholic and even dramaticshades.In 1984, he won the Nastro d'Argento for Best Actor for his performance in Una gita scolastica.For his role in Regalo di Natale he won the Volpi Cup at the 43rd Venice International FilmFestival.Selected filmographyPassage 6:Wale AdebanwiWale Adebanwi (born 1969) is a Nigerian-bornfirst Black Rhodes Professor at St Antony's College, Oxford where he was, until June 2021, a Professor ofRace Relations, and the Director of the African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies,and a Governing Board Fellow. He is currently a Presidential Penn Compact Professor of Africana Studiesat the University of Pennsylvania. Adebanwi's research focuses on a range of topics in the areas of socialchange, nationalism and ethnicity, race relations, identity politics, elites and cultural politics, democraticprocess, newspaper press and spatial politics in Africa.Education backgroundWale Adebanwi graduatedwith a first degree in Mass Communication from the University of Lagos, and later earned his M.Sc. andPh.D. in Political Science from the University of Ibadan. He also has an MPhil. and a Ph.D. in SocialAnthropology from the University of Cambridge.CareerAdebanwi worked as a freelance reporter, writer,journalist and editor for many newspapers and magazines before he joined the University of Ibadan'sDepartment of Political Science as a lecturer and researcher. He was later appointed as an assistantprofessor in the African American and African Studies Department of the University of California, Davis,USA. He became a full professor at UC Davis in 2016.Adebanwi is the co-editor of Africa: Journal of theInternational African Institute and the Journal of Contemporary African Studies.WorksHis published worksinclude:Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politics of Meaning (University ofRochester Press, 2016)Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo and CorporateAgency (Cambridge University Press, 2014)Authority Stealing: Anti-corruption War and DemocraticPolitics in Post-Military Nigeria (Carolina Academic Press, 2012)In addition, he is the editor and co-editorof other books, including.The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa: Beyond the Margins (JamesCurrey Publishers, 2017)Writers and Social Thought in Africa (Routledge, 2016)(co-edited with EbenezerObadare) Governance and the Crisis of Rule in Contemporary Africa (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)(co-edited"}
{"doc_id":"doc_263","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Hartley LobbanHartley W Lobban (9 May 1926 – 15 October 2004) was a Jamaican-bornfirst-class cricketer who played 17 matches for Worcestershire in the early 1950s.Life and careerLobbanplayed little cricket in Jamaica. He went to England at the end of World War II as a member of the RoyalAir Force, and settled in Kidderminster in Worcestershire in 1947, where he worked as a civilian lorrydriver for the RAF. He began playing for Kidderminster Cricket Club in the Birmingham League, and at thestart of the 1952 season, opening the bowling for the club's senior team, he had figures of 7 for 9 and 7for 37.Worcestershire invited him to play for them, and he made his first-class debut against Sussex inJuly 1952. He took five wickets in the match (his maiden victim being Ken Suttle) and then held on for 4not out with Peter Richardson (20 not out) to add the 12 runs needed for a one-wicket victory after hiscounty had collapsed from 192 for 2 to 238 for 9. A week later he claimed four wickets againstWarwickshire, then a few days later still he managed 6 for 52 (five of his victims bowled) in what wasotherwise a disastrous innings defeat to Derbyshire. In the last match of the season he took a career-best6 for 51 against Glamorgan; he and Reg Perks (4 for 59) bowled unchanged throughout the first innings.Worcestershire won the game and Lobban finished the season with 23 wickets at 23.69.He took 23wickets again in 1953, but at a considerably worse average of 34.43, and had only two really successfulgames: against Oxford University in June, when he took 5 for 70, and then against Sussex in July. On thisoccasion Lobban claimed eight wickets, his most in a match, including 6 for 103 in the first innings. Healso made his highest score with the bat, 18, but Sussex won by five wickets.In 1954 Lobban made onlytwo first-class appearances, and managed only the single wicket of Gloucestershire tail-ender BomberWells. In his final game, against Warwickshire at Dudley, his nine first-innings overs cost 51. He bowledjust two overs in the second innings as Warwickshire completed an easy ten-wicket win. Lobban playedone more Second XI game, against Glamorgan II at Cardiff Arms Park; in this he picked up fivewickets.He was also a professional boxer and played rugby union for Kidderminster.He later moved toCanada, where he worked as a teacher in Burnaby, British Columbia. He and his wife Celia had a son andtwo daughters.Passage 2:Wale AdebanwiWale Adebanwi (born 1969) is a Nigerian-born first BlackRhodes Professor at St Antony's College, Oxford where he was, until June 2021, a Professor of RaceRelations, and the Director of the African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, and aGoverning Board Fellow. He is currently a Presidential Penn Compact Professor of Africana Studies at theUniversity of Pennsylvania. Adebanwi's research focuses on a range of topics in the areas of socialchange, nationalism and ethnicity, race relations, identity politics, elites and cultural politics, democraticprocess, newspaper press and spatial politics in Africa.Education backgroundWale Adebanwi graduatedwith a first degree in Mass Communication from the University of Lagos, and later earned his M.Sc. andPh.D. in Political Science from the University of Ibadan. He also has an MPhil. and a Ph.D. in SocialAnthropology from the University of Cambridge.CareerAdebanwi worked as a freelance reporter, writer,journalist and editor for many newspapers and magazines before he joined the University of Ibadan'sDepartment of Political Science as a lecturer and researcher. He was later appointed as an assistantprofessor in the African American and African Studies Department of the University of California, Davis,USA. He became a full professor at UC Davis in 2016.Adebanwi is the co-editor of Africa: Journal of theInternational African Institute and the Journal of Contemporary African Studies.WorksHis published worksinclude:Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politics of Meaning (University ofRochester Press, 2016)Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo and CorporateAgency (Cambridge University Press, 2014)Authority Stealing: Anti-corruption War and DemocraticPolitics in Post-Military Nigeria (Carolina Academic Press, 2012)In addition, he is the editor and co-editorof other books, including.The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa: Beyond the Margins (JamesCurrey Publishers, 2017)Writers and Social Thought in Africa (Routledge, 2016)(co-edited with EbenezerObadare) Governance and the Crisis of Rule in Contemporary Africa (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)(co-editedwith Ebenezer Obadare) Democracy and Prebendalism in Nigeria: Critical Interpretations (PalgraveMacmillan, 2013).(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Nigeria at Fifty: The Nation in Narration (Routledge,"}
{"doc_id":"doc_264","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Mr. Right (2009 film)Mr. Right is a 2009 British film directed by David Morris and Jacqui Morris. The jointly-made gay-themed film is the debut for both directors.SynopsisThe film presents life of a number of individuals who live in London's Soho area in their quest for their \"Mr. Right\". One of the highlights of the film is when all the characters gather for an excruciatingly awkward and hilarious dinner party at which wine and secrets are spilled.Harry (James Lance) is a TV producer but dreams to get way. He loves Alex (Luke de Woolfson), an aspiring yet insecure actor who also works as a caterer. Meanwhile Alex is struggling to create an identity for himself and decides to live independently through monetary help from his brother despite Harry wanting him backTom (David Morris, the co-director of the film) is a successful art dealer who is in a precarious relationship with Lars (Benjamin Hart), a handsome sometime-model. Tom finds excuses for Lars' flings so long as Lars doesn't leave him. Meanwhile Lars has this attraction to Harry and can't get over his feelingsWilliam (Rocky Marshall) a divorced former rugby player finds it difficult very difficult to parent his nine-year-old daughter Georgie while trying to get on a new relationship with Lawrence (Leon Ockenden), a striving soap actor. Their relationship is complicated as Georgie is intent on sabotaging his relationship.Louise (Georgia Zaris), a fag hag, is dating Paul (Jeremy Edwards), but suspects Paul is gay. Paul is slowly but surely getting drawn into the gay scene, despite visibly and verbally protesting every step of the way.By the end of the film three months later, the characters are still striving to make new paths for themselves. Harry is appealing for Alex, now in a small studio residence to return, but the latter turns him gently down despite having feelings for him. Things are much better between William and Lawrence as Georgie becomes more accepting of their relationship. Things have soured between Lars and William. Devastated Lars catches Harry while the latter has just packed to leave everything behind for his long-planned trip away from his dreaded work. Meanwhile Paul is getting more and more into the gay scene despite putting a brave face that he is still straight.CastMainJames Lance as HarryLuke de Woolfson as AlexDavid Morris as TomBenjamin Hart as LarsRocky Marshall as WilliamLeon Ockenden as LawrenceGeorgia Zaris as LouiseJeremy Edwards as PaulOthersJan Waters as Harry's MotherMaddie Planer as Georgie, Williams's daughterSheila Kidd as William's motherAndrew Dunn as Alex's FatherKaren Meagher as Alex's MotherRick Warden as Alex's BrotherKaty Odey as PresenterLucy Jules as EmmaSarah Carleton as WaitressDolly Wells as FizzHarry Serjeant as RunnerIan Tytler as CharlieJim Cole as HeathArchie Kidd as BarnabyHeather Bleasdale as Barnaby's MotherYvonne O'Grady as Business WomanMax Karie as MarcelKate Russell as The Yellow TeamIan Russell as The Yellow TeamMark Hayford as The Blue TeamDiane Morgan as The Blue TeamTerry Bird as Red TeamCheryl Fergison as Red TeamPassage 2:Mr. and Mrs. IyerMr. and Mrs. Iyer is a 2002 Indian English-language drama film written and directed by Aparna Sen and produced by N. Venkatesan. The film features Sen's daughter Konkona Sen Sharma as Meenakshi Iyer, a Tamil Iyer Brahmin who is a Hindu. Rahul Bose portrays the character of Raja Chowdhury, a Bengali Muslim wildlife photographer. The story revolves around these two lead characters during a fateful bus journey amidst the carnages of a communal strife in India. Zakir Hussain, an Indian tabla maestro, composed the background score and music for the film;  Goutam Ghose, a film director himself, was the cinematographer.Mr. and Mrs. Iyer premiered at the Locarno International Film Festival in Switzerland and was showcased at other prominent film festivals. The film opened to Indian audiences on 19 July 2002. It was met with critical acclaim upon release, and won several national and international awards, including the Golden Maile award at the Hawaii International Film Festival and the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration in India. The film, which was also released as a DVD, had English as its predominant language with a sporadic use of Hindi, Tamil, and Bengali.PlotMeenakshi Iyer and her infant son, Santhanam, embark on a bus journey to return home, after visiting her parents. At the bus station, Meenakshi is introduced to Raja Chowdhury by a common friend. Raja, a wildlife photographer, is requested by Meenakshi's parents to look after their daughter and grandson during the journey. The passengers of the bus include a boisterous group of youngsters, two Sikh men, an elderly Muslim couple, a young couple high on romance, a mentally challenged boy and his mother, and some card-playing men. The bus faces a roadblock and the bus driver "}
{"doc_id":"doc_265","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Bohemond III of AntiochBohemond III of Antioch, also known as Bohemond the Child or the Stammerer (French: Bohémond le Bambe/le Baube; c. 1148–1201), was Prince of Antioch from 1163 to 1201. He was the elder son of Constance of Antioch and her first husband, Raymond of Poitiers. Bohemond ascended to the throne after the Antiochene noblemen dethroned his mother with the assistance of the lord of Armenian Cilicia, Thoros II. He fell into captivity in the Battle of Harim in 1164, but the victorious Nur ad-Din, atabeg of Aleppo released him to avoid coming into conflict with the Byzantine Empire. Bohemond went to Constantinople to pay homage to Manuel I Komnenos, who persuaded him to install a Greek Orthodox patriarch in Antioch. The Latin patriarch of Antioch, Aimery of Limoges, placed Antioch under interdict. Bohemond restored Aimery only after the Greek patriarch died during an earthquake in 1170.Bohemond remained a close ally of the Byzantine Empire. He fought against the new lord of Armenian Cilicia, Mleh, assisting in the restoration of Byzantine rule in the Cilician plain. He also made alliances with the Muslim rulers of Aleppo and Damascus against Saladin, who had begun to unite the Muslim countries along the borders of the crusader states. Since Bohemond repudiated his second wife and married an Antiochene lady, Patriarch Aimery excommunicated him in 1180.Bohemond forced the Armenian rulers of Cilicia to accept his suzerainty in the late 1180s. He also secured the County of Tripoli for his second son, Bohemond, in 1187. However, Saladin occupied almost the whole Principality of Antioch in the summer of 1188. To preserve the peace with Saladin, Bohemond did not provide military assistance to the crusaders during the Third Crusade.  The expansionist policy of King Leo I of Armenia in the 1190s gave rise to a lasting conflict between Antioch and Cilicia. Bohemond was captured in 1194 by Leo, who tried to seize Antioch, but the burghers formed the Commune of Antioch and expelled the Armenian soldiers from the town. Bohemond was released only after he acknowledged Leo's independence.New conflicts emerged after Bohemond's eldest son, Raymond, died in 1197. Raymond's widow, who was Leo's niece, gave birth to a posthumous son, Raymond-Roupen, but Bohemond's younger son, Bohemond of Tripoli, wanted to secure his succession in Antioch with the assistance of the commune. The elderly Bohemond seems to have supported his son during his last years. The War of the Antiochene Succession began with Bohemond's death and lasted until 1219.Early lifeBohemond was the elder son of Princess Constance of Antioch and her first husband, Raymond of Poitiers. He was born around 1148. Prince Raymond died fighting against Nur ad-Din, atabeg of Aleppo, in the Battle of Inab on 29 June 1149.Neither Baldwin III of Jerusalem nor the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos could persuade the widowed Constance to take a new husband. Finally, she chose Raynald of Châtillon, a French knight who had recently settled in Syria. Raynald ruled the principality as Constance's husband from 1153 until he was captured by Majd al-Din, governor of Aleppo, in late November 1160 or 1161.Urged by the Antiochene noblemen, Baldwin III proclaimed Bohemond the rightful ruler, charging Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch, with the administration of the principality during Bohemond's minority. However, Constance appealed to Manuel Komnenos, who confirmed her position as the sole ruler of Antioch. Constance wanted to retain power even after Bohemond reached the age of majority. However, the Antiochene noblemen rebelled against her with the assistance of Thoros II, Lord of Armenian Cilicia, forcing her to leave Antioch in February 1163.Prince of AntiochFirst yearsBohemond was installed as prince after his mother was dethroned. Nur ad-Din laid siege to Krak des Chevaliers in the County of Tripoli in September 1163. Raymond III of Tripoli appealed to Bohemond for assistance. Bohemond and Constantine Kalamanos, Byzantine governor of Cilicia, hurried to the castle. The united Christian armies defeated the besiegers in the Battle of al-Buqaia.Amalric of Jerusalem entrusted the government of the Kingdom of Jerusalem to Bohemond before departing for his campaign against Egypt in July 1164. Taking advantage of Bohemond's absence, Nur ad-Din attacked the fortress at Harenc in the Principality of Antioch (present-day Harem, Syria). Bohemond, Raymond III of Tripoli, Thoros II of Armenian Cilicia, and Constantine Kalamanos joined their forces and marched to Harenc, compelling Nur ad-Din to retreat.Reynald of Saint-Valery, Lord of Harenc, tried to convince Bohemond not to pursue the enemy, but Bohemond did not follow his advice. The armies clashed at the battle of Harim on 10 August 1164. Nur ad-Din almost annihilated the Christian "}
{"doc_id":"doc_266","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:The Daltons' WomenThe Daltons' Women is a 1950 American Western film directed by ThomasCarr starring Lash LaRue and Al \"Fuzzy\" St. John. It was the seventh of LaRue's films for Ron Ormond'sWestern Adventures Productions Inc.The film was the first to be released by Howco, Ron Ormond's newfilm company composed of Ormond and drive-in movie owners Joy N. Houck and J. Francis White, anddirector Thomas Carr's first film in the Lash LaRue series. The film features appearances by several wellknown stars such as Jack Holt, Tom Tyler and Tom Neal and a lengthier running time of 77 minutesfeaturing a multitude of musical numbers, juggling, and a lengthy catfight. Though the Women of the titlehave little to do with the narrative of the film, \"the frontier's first dance hall belles\" were played up in thepublicity with the original film trailer giving Lash LaRue last billing. The film was shot at the Iverson MovieRanch.PlotUS Marshal Lash and Deputy Marshal Fuzzy work undercover together with a female Pinkertondetective to end the Dalton Brothers working with a corrupt mayor and sheriff.Criticism\"carelesslyassembled oater that moves erratically from a thin story line to irrelevant little subplots and gives thegeneral impression that the film was slapped together from bits of disconnected pieces,...the womeninvolved have no relationship between the Dalton Brothers, who themselves are only slightly concerned inthe proceedings\"-Hollywood ReporterCastLash La Rue ... Marshal Lash La RueAl St. John ... Deputy FuzzyQ. JonesJack Holt ... Clint Dalton/Mike LeonardTom Neal  ... MayorPamela Blake ... Joan TalbotJacquelineFontaine ... Jacqueline FontaineRaymond Hatton ... Sheriff DoolinLyle Talbot ... Jim ThorneTom Tyler ...Emmett DaltonJ. Farrell MacDonald ... Alvin - Stage Company Representative Terry Frost ... JessDalton/Billy SaundersArchie R. Twitchell  ... Honest HankStanley Price ... MansonBud Osborne ... Adamsthe Stage DriverCliff Taylor ... George the BartenderJune Benbow ... MayHenry \"Duke\" Johnson ... TheJugglerPassage 2:Ben PalmerBen Palmer (born 1976) is a British film and television director.His televisioncredits include the Channel 4 sketch show Bo' Selecta! (2002–2006), the second and third series of theE4 sitcom The Inbetweeners (2009–2010) and the Sky Atlantic comedy-drama Breeders (2020). Palmerhas also directed films such as the Inbetweeners spin-off, The Inbetweeners Movie (2011) and theromantic comedy Man Up (2015).BiographyPalmer was born and raised in Penny Bridge,Barrow-in-Furness. He attended Chetwynde School.His first directing job was the Channel 4 sketch showBo' Selecta!, which he co-developed with its main star, Leigh Francis. Palmer directed the second andthird series of the E4 sitcom The Inbetweeners in 2009 and 2010, respectively.FilmographyBo' Selecta!(2002–06)Comedy Lab (2004–2010)Bo! in the USA (2006)The Inbetweeners (2009–2010)TheInbetweeners Movie (2011)Comedy Showcase (2012)Milton Jones's House of Rooms (2012)Them fromThat Thing (2012)Bad Sugar (2012)Chickens (2013)London Irish (2013)Man Up (2015)SunTrap(2015)BBC Comedy Feeds (2016)Nigel Farage Gets His Life Back (2016)Back (2017)Comedy Playhouse(2017)Urban Myths (2017–19)Click & Collect (2018)Semi-Detached (2019)Breeders (2020)Passage3:Abhishek SaxenaAbhishek Saxena is an Indian Bollywood and Punjabi film director who directed themovie Phullu. The Phullu movie was released in theaters on 16 June 2017, in which film Sharib Hashmi isthe lead role. Apart from these, he has also directed Patiala Dreamz, this is a Punjabi film. This film wasscreened in cinemas in 2014.Life and backgroundAbhishek Saxena was born on 19 September 1988 inthe capital of India, Delhi, whose father's name is Mukesh Kumar Saxena. Abhishek Saxena marriedAmbica Sharma Saxena on 18 December 2014. His mother's name is Gurpreet Kaur Saxena.Saxenastarted his career with a Punjabi film Patiala Dreamz, after which he has also directed a Hindi film Phullu,which has appeared in Indian cinemas on 16 June 2017.CareerAbhishek Saxena made his film debut in2011 as an assistant director on Doordarshan with Ashok Gaikwad. He made his first directed film PatialaDreamz, this is a Punjabi movie.After this, he has also directed a Hindi film Phullu in 2017, which hasbeen screened in cinemas on 16 June 2017. Saxena is now making his upcoming movie \"India Gate\".In2018 Abhishek Saxena has come up with topic of body-shaming in his upcoming movie Saroj ka Rishta.Where Sanah Kapoor will play the role of Saroj and actors Randeep Rai and Gaurav Pandey will play thetwo men in Saroj's life.Yeh Un Dinon ki Baat Hai lead Randeep Rai will make his Bollywood debut. Talkingabout the film, director Abhishek Saxena told Mumbai Mirror, \"As a fat person, I have noticed that"}
{"doc_id":"doc_267","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Hell and Mr. FudgeHell and Mr. Fudge is a 2012 American drama film directed by Jeff Wood and written by Donald Davenport. Based on a true story, the film stars Mackenzie Astin as Edward Fudge, a real life Alabama preacher who has been hired to determine the nature of hell. The real life Fudge is best known for his book The Fire That Consumes, in which he argues against the immortal soul and eternal torment in hell.CastMackenzie Astin as Edward FudgeCody Sullivan as young EdwardKeri Lynn Pratt as Sara FudgeJohn Wesley Shipp as Bennie Lee FudgeEileen Davidson as Sibyl FudgeWes Robertson as Joe MarkTrevor Allen Martin as young JoeHelen Ingebritsen as Mrs. HerneChristian Fortune as Davy HollisSean McGowan as Don HalowayTom Hillmann as Simon ClarageProductionFilming took place in Athens, Alabama in June and July 2011. The film had a scheduled release date of \"first quarter 2012\". Fudge cooperated in the film's development.ReceptionIn April 2012, the film received a Platinum award in the \"Christian theatrical feature film\" category at the Worldfest-Houston International Film Festival. The film's producers subsequently sought a distributor for a wider release.Passage 2:Yes or NoYes or No  or Yes/No may refer to:Yes and no in EnglishYes–no question, a form of question which can normally be answered using a simple \"yes\" or \"no\"Film and TVYes or No?, a 1920 silent filmYes or No (film), a 2010 Thai romantic filmYes or No (game show), a version of Deal or No Deal airing in South KoreaYes or No (TV series), (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000) a Tamil-language talent game show in India\"Yes/No\" (Glee)\", an episode of Glee\"Yes or No, Tsunade's answer\" (\"YES\u0000NO\u0000!\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\"), a season four episode of the anime series Naruto (see list of Naruto episodes)MusicAlbumsYes/No, a 2012 EP by Fake BloodYes, No (T-Square album), 1988Songs\"Yes/No\" (Banky W. song), 2012\"Yes or No\" (song), by The Go-Go's\"Yes or No\" by Wayne Shorter from the 1965 album JuJu\"Yes or No\", song by Tommy SeebachOther uses\"Yes\" or \"No\" the Guide to Better Decisions a book by Spencer JohnsonSee alsoYes and no (disambiguation)Passage 3:Yes or YesYes or Yes (stylized as YES or YES) is the sixth extended play by the South Korean girl group Twice. It was released on November 5, 2018, by JYP Entertainment and distributed by Iriver. It contains seven tracks, including the lead single of the same name and the Korean version of \"BDZ\". Twice members Jeongyeon, Chaeyoung and Jihyo took part in writing lyrics for three songs on the EP.The album became a commercial success for the group, topping the Gaon Album Chart and becoming Twice's first Korean album to top Japan's Oricon Album Chart. It recorded over 300,000 copies sold, and with its release, Twice reached an accumulated number of over 3 million albums sold in South Korea. A reissue, titled The Year of \" Yes\", was released on December 12, 2018.Background and releaseIn early October 2018, advertisements with the phrase \"Do you like Twice? Yes or Yes\" (Korean: \"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000? YES or YES\") were put up on subway billboards, drawing attention online. On October 11, JYP Entertainment confirmed that Twice planned to release a third Korean album that year on November 5. Yes or Yes was revealed as the album's title on October 20 and a special video commemorating Twice's third anniversary contained a short clip of the album's lead single of the same name.Twice released their first group teaser photo regarding their comeback on October 23. On October 24, individual teaser posters featuring Nayeon, Jeongyeon, and Momo were uploaded. A track list image for the album's eponymous title track was also posted, revealing that it was written by Sim Eun-jee, who previously worked with Twice as a songwriter for \"Knock Knock\". On October 25, individual teaser photos featuring Sana, Jihyo, and Mina were posted by the group. On the same day, a second track list image for the album was posted, revealing the titles of three songs written by Twice members: \"LaLaLa\" penned by Jeongyeon, \"Young & Wild\" co-written by Chaeyoung, and \" Sunset\" being written by Jihyo. On October 26, individual teaser photos featuring Dahyun, Chaeyoung, and Tzuyu were uploaded. A third track list image unveiling additional details about the album was also posted, revealing seven songs in total.On October 27, a second group teaser photo was released by Twice. On October 28, a second set of individual teaser photos featuring each member was uploaded. Twice then revealed their first music video teaser for \"Yes or Yes\" on October 29. On October 30, Twice unveiled their third group teaser poster. The following day, the group released the second music video teaser for the album's title track, revealing their opening choreography. A full preview of the album's contents was revealed by the group on November 1. On November 2, Twice uploaded their third music video teaser, "}
{"doc_id":"doc_268","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:John Farrell (businessman)John Farrell is the director of YouTube in LatinAmerica.EducationFarrell holds a joint MBA degree from the University of Texas at Austin and InstitutoTecnologico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM).CareerHis business career began at Skytel, andlater at Iridium as head of Business Development, in Washington DC, where he supported the design andlaunched the first satellite location service in the world and established international distributionagreements.He co-founded Adetel, the first company to provide internet access to residentialcommunities and businesses in Mexico. After becoming General Manager of Adetel, he developed apartnership with TV Azteca in order to create the first internet access prepaid card in the country knownas the ToditoCard.  Later in his career, John Farrell worked for Televisa in Mexico City as Director ofBusiness Development for Esmas.com. There he established a strategic alliance with a leadingtelecommunications provider to launch co-branded Internet and telephone services. He also led initialefforts to launch social networking services, leveraging Televisa’s content and mediachannels.GoogleFarrel joined Google in 2004 as Director of Business Development for Asia and LatinAmerica. On April 7, 2008, he was promoted to the position of General Manager for Google Mexico,replacing Alonso Gonzalo. He is now director of YouTube in Latin America, responsible for developingaudiences, managing partnerships and growing Google’s video display business. John is also part ofGoogle’s Latin America leadership management team and contributes to Google’s strategy in the region.He is Vice President of the IAB (Interactive Advertising Bureau), a member of the AMIPCI (MexicanInternet Association) Advisory Board, an active Endeavor mentor, and member of YPO.Passage 2:JohnDonatichJohn Donatich is the Director of Yale University Press.Early lifeHe received a BA from New YorkUniversity in 1982, graduating magna cum laude. He also got a master's degree from NYU in 1984,graduating summa cum laude.CareerDonatich worked as director of National Accounts at PutnamPublishing Group from 1989 to 1992.His writing has appeared in various periodicals including Harper's,The Atlantic Monthly and The Village Voice.He worked at HarperCollins from 1992 to 1996, serving asdirector of national accounts and then as vice president and director of product and marketingdevelopment.From 1995 to 2003, Donatich served as publisher and vice president of Basic Books. Whilethere, he started the Art of Mentoring series of books, which would run from 2001 to 2008.  While atBasic Books, Donatich published such authors as Christopher Hitchens, Steven Pinker, Samantha Power,Alan Dershowitz, Sir Martin Rees and Richard Florida.In 2003, Donatich became the director of the YaleUniversity Press.  At Yale, Donatich published such authors as Michael Walzer, Janet Malcolm, E. H.Gombrich, Michael Fried, Edmund Morgan and T. J.  Clark.  Donatich began the Margellos World Republicof Letters, a literature in translation series that published such authors as Adonis, Norman Manea andClaudio Magris. He also launched the digital archive platform, The Stalin Digital Archive and theEncounters Chinese Language multimedia platform.In 2009, he briefly gained media attention when hewas involved in the decision to expunge the Muhammad cartoons from the Yale University Press book TheCartoons that Shook the World, for fear of Muslim violence.He is the author of a memoir, Ambivalence, aLove Story, and a novel, The Variations.BooksAmbivalence, a Love Story: Portrait of a Marriage(memoir), St. Martin's Press, 2005.The Variations (novel), Henry Holt, March, 2012ArticlesWhy BooksStill Matter, Journal of Scholarly Publishing, Volume 40, Number 4, July 2009, pp. 329–342, E-ISSN1710-1166 Print ISSN 1198-9742Personal lifeDonatich is married to Betsy Lerner, a literary agent andauthor; together they have a daughter, Raffaella.Passage 3:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an Americandirector of film, television and theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of creditsdirecting episodic television and television films. Some of his television series credits include Love Is aMany Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame,Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Some of his television film credits include Rape andMarriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us(1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films. He directed \"Heart in Hiding\", written by his wifeAudrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to"}
{"doc_id":"doc_269","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Jason Moore (director)Jason Moore (born October 22, 1970) is an American director of film,theatre and television.Life and careerJason Moore was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas, and studied atNorthwestern University. Moore's Broadway career began as a resident director of Les Misérables at theImperial Theatre in during its original run. He is the son of Fayetteville District Judge Rudy Moore.InMarch 2003, Moore directed the musical Avenue Q, which opened Off-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatreand then moved to Broadway at the John Golden Theatre in July 2003.  He was nominated for a 2004Tony Award for his direction. Moore also directed productions of the musical in Las Vegas and London andthe show's national tour. Moore directed the 2005 Broadway revival of Steel Magnolias and Shrek theMusical, starring Brian d'Arcy James and Sutton Foster which opened on Broadway in 2008. He directedthe concert of Jerry Springer — The Opera at Carnegie Hall in January 2008.Moore, Jeff Whitty, JakeShears, and John \"JJ\" Garden worked together on a new musical based on Armistead Maupin's Tales ofthe City. The musical premiered at the American Conservatory Theater, San Francisco, California in May2011 and ran through July 2011.For television, Moore has directed episodes of Dawson's Creek, One TreeHill, Everwood, and Brothers & Sisters. As a writer, Moore adapted the play The Floatplane Notebookswith Paul Fitzgerald from the novel by Clyde Edgerton. A staged reading of the play was presented at theNew Play Festival at the Charlotte, North Carolina Repertory Theatre in 1996, with a fully stagedproduction in 1998.In 2012, Moore made his film directorial debut with Pitch Perfect, starring AnnaKendrick and Brittany Snow. He also served as an executive producer on the sequel. He directed the filmSisters, starring Tina Fey and Amy Poehler, which was released on December 18, 2015. Moore's nextproject will be directing a live action Archie movie.FilmographyFilmsPitch Perfect (2012)Sisters(2015)Shotgun Wedding (2022)TelevisionSoundtrack writerPitch Perfect 2 (2015) (Also executiveproducer)The Voice (2015) (1 episode)Passage 2:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director of film,television and theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodictelevision and television films. Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many SplendoredThing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law &Order and Judging Amy.Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case(1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008)and among other films. He directed \"Heart in Hiding\", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for whichshe received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming a director, Levin workedas an actor in several Broadway productions. He costarred with Susan Strasberg in \"[The Diary of AnnFrank]\" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army. He trained at the CarnegieMellon University. Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long WharfTheatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company. He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [theHardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of TheInteract Theatre Company.Passage 3:The Seventh Company OutdoorsThe Seventh Company Outdoors(French: La Septième Compagnie au clair de lune) is a 1977 French comedy film directed by RobertLamoureux. It is a sequel to Now Where Did the 7th Company Get to?.CastJean Lefebvre - PithivierPierreMondy - ChaudardHenri Guybet - TassinPatricia Karim - Suzanne ChaudardGérard Hérold - Lecommandant GillesGérard Jugnot - GorgetonJean Carmet - M. Albert, le passeurAndré Pousse -LambertMichel BertoPassage 4:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives andworks in the United States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months,resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to2019. He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery ofAustralia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the UnitedStates after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019, he succeeded DanMonroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career in"}
{"doc_id":"doc_270","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Fred M. Wilcox (director)Fred McLeod Wilcox (December 22, 1907 – September 23, 1964) wasan American motion picture director. He worked for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for many years  and is bestremembered for directing Lassie Come Home (1943) and Forbidden Planet (1956). These films wereentered in the National Film Preservation Board's National Film Registry in 1993 and 2013respectively.FilmographyJoaquin Murrieta (1938)Lassie Come Home (1943)Courage of Lassie(1946)Three Daring Daughters (1948)Hills of Home (1948)The Secret Garden (1949)Shadow in the Sky(1952)Code Two (1953)Tennessee Champ (1954)Forbidden Planet (1956)I Passed for White(1960)External linksFred M. Wilcox at IMDbPassage 2:Dan RhodesDan Rhodes (born 1972) is an Englishwriter known for the novel Timoleon Vieta Come Home (2003), a subversion of the popular Lassie ComeHome movie. He is also the author of Anthropology (2000), a collection of 101 stories, each consisting ofexactly 101 words. In 2010 he was awarded the E. M. Forster Award.BiographyRhodes grew up in Devon,and graduated in Humanities from the University of Glamorgan (now the University of South Wales) in1994, returning in 1997 to complete an MA in Creative Writing. Don't Tell Me the Truth About Love waswritten at this time. He has held a variety of jobs, including stockroom assistant for Waterstone's,barman in his parents' pub, and a teacher in Ho Chi Minh City. He has also worked on a fruit andvegetable farm and is still employed as a postman.Following the publication of his second book, Rhodes'sfrustration with the publishing industry led him to announce his retirement from writing, though he latersaid, \"I haven't really given up. I'm certainly not making any more grand pronouncements. I was just sickof the business and wanted out. Not just the publishers; everyone around me.\"Rhodes was included onGranta's Best of Young British Novelists list in 2003, to his own bemusement and frustration, partlybecause of Granta's selection methods (\"It's one thing to judge a writer by stuff they've written, but tojudge them on stuff they're going to write is lunacy\") but also because some of the others on the listfailed to respond to his request to sign a joint statement protesting the Iraq War.In 2014, Rhodesself-published the novel When the Professor Got Stuck in the Snow, a \"rural farce\" about a visit to anobscure English village by a fictional Richard Dawkins, stating that he wanted to get the book out fasterthan conventional publishing allowed. Traditional publishers were loath to publish the novel for fear oflegal action from Professor Richard Dawkins, who is parodied in it. Rhodes appealed repeatedly toDawkins, a defender of satire and free speech, for permission to \"publish and be damned\" but received noresponse. The novel was republished by Aardvark Bureau in October 2015.In 2021, Lightning Bookspublished his novel Sour Grapes, a satire on the literary world set at a rural book festival.Rhodes ismarried with two children.BibliographyCollectionsAnthropology: And a Hundred Other Stories (2000)ISBN 1-84195-614-7Don't Tell Me the Truth About Love (2001) ISBN 1-84195-613-9Marry Me (2013)ISBN 0-85786-849-7NovelsTimoleon Vieta Come Home (2003) ISBN 1-84195-481-0The Little White Car(under the pen name Danuta de Rhodes) (2004) ISBN 1-84195-528-0Gold (2007) ISBN978-1-84195-953-5Little Hands Clapping (2010) ISBN 1-84767-529-8This Is Life (2012) ISBN0-85786-245-6When the Professor Got Stuck in the Snow (2014, self-published limited edition; 2015formal publication by Aardvark Bureau) ISBN 9781910709016Sour Grapes (2021) ISBN9781785632921Passage 3:Prairie ThunderPrairie Thunder is a 1937 American Western film directed by B.Reeves Eason and written by Ed Earl Repp. The film stars Dick Foran, Janet Shaw, Frank Orth, WilfredLucas, Albert J. Smith and Yakima Canutt. The film was released by Warner Bros. on September 11,1937. It was the last of 12 B-westerns Foran made for Warners as a singing cowboy (as he was oftenbilled) from 1935 to 1937.PlotIn the Old West, a telegraph line is coming to Buffalo Creek, where generalstore owner Nate Temple lives with daughter, Joan. Joan is courting Rod Farrell, a scout for the UnionArmy. Rod is ordered to investigate a break in the telegraph line, along with sidekick, Wichita, a Unionsoldier. Rod finds the break in the line in Indian territory and repairs it. Rod suspects a white manassisted the local Indian tribe in sabotaging the line. Rod and Wichita ride up on an Indian camp. TheIndian chief, High Wolf, tells Rod the Indians intend to make war because the railroad and the telegraphcoming to the region have depleted the buffalo population. High Wolf confirms a white man, who he will"}
{"doc_id":"doc_271","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Gaius Julius AquilaGaius Julius Aquila was the name of a number of people who lived during the Roman Empire.Prefect of EgyptGaius Julius Aquila was a praefectus of Roman Egypt between 10 CE and 11.Governor of Bythinia et PontusGaius Julius Aquila was a Roman knight, stationed with a few cohorts, in 45 CE, to protect Tiberius Julius Cotys I, king of the Bosporan Kingdom, who had received the sovereignty after the expulsion of Tiberius Julius Mithridates. In the same year, Aquila obtained the praetorian insignia. He also erected a monument honouring the emperor Claudius in Asia Minor (modern Turkey) known as the Kuşkayası Monument.Passage 2:Maximus of TyreMaximus of Tyre (Greek: Μάξιμος Τύριος; fl. late 2nd century AD), also known as Cassius Maximus Tyrius, was a Greek rhetorician and philosopher who lived in the time of the Antonines and Commodus, and who belongs to the trend of the Second Sophistic.  His writings contain many allusions to the history of Greece, while there is little reference to Rome; hence it is inferred that he lived longer in Greece, perhaps as a professor at Athens. Although nominally a Platonist, he is really a sophist rather than a philosopher, although he is still considered one of the precursors of Neoplatonism.WritingsThe DissertationsThere exist 41 essays or discourses on theological, ethical, and other philosophical subjects, collected into a work called The Dissertations. The central theme is God as the supreme being, one and indivisible though called by many names, accessible to reason alone:In such a mighty contest, sedition and discord, you will see one according law and assertion in all the earth, that there is one God, the king and father of all things, and many gods, sons of God, ruling together with him.As animals form the intermediate stage between plants and human beings, so there exist intermediaries between God and man, viz. daemons, who dwell on the confines of heaven and earth. The soul in many ways bears a great resemblance to the divinity; it is partly mortal, partly immortal, and, when freed from the fetters of the body, becomes a daemon. Life is the sleep of the soul, from which it awakes at death. The style of Maximus is superior to that of the ordinary sophistical rhetorician, but scholars differ widely as to the merits of the essays themselves.Dissertation XX discusses \"Whether the Life of a Cynic is to Be Preferred\". He begins with a narrative of how Prometheus created mankind, who initially lived a life of ease \"for the earth supplied them with aliment, rich meadows, long-haired mountains, and abundance of fruits\" – in other words, a Garden of Eden that resonates with Cynic ideas. It was \"a life without war, without iron, without a guard, peaceful, healthful unindigent\".Then, taking perhaps from Lucretius, he contrasts that Garden to mankind's \"second life\", which started with the division of the earth into property, which they then enclosed into fortifications and walls, and started to wear jewellery and gold, built houses, “molested the earth by digging into it for metals”, and invaded the sea and the air (killing animals, fish and birds), in what he described as a “slaughter and all-various gore, pursuing gratification of the body”. Humans became unhappy and, to compensate, sought wealth, “fearing poverty...dreading death...neglecting the care of life...They blamed base actions but did not abstain from them and “the hated to live, but dreaded to die”.He then contrasts the two lives – that of the original Garden and of the “second life” he has just described and asks, which man would not choose the first, who “knows that by the change he shall be liberated from a multitude of evils” and what he calls “a dreadful prison of unhappy men, confined to a dreadful prison of unhappy men, confined in a dark recess, with large iron fetters round their feet, a great weight about their neck…passing their time in filth, in torment, and in weeping”. He asks, “Which of these images shall we proclaim blessed”? He goes on to praise Diogenes of Sinopeus, the Cynic, for choosing his ascetic life, but only because he avoided the often fearful fates of other philosophers – such as Socrates being condemned. But there is no mention of he himself taking up the ascetic life himself; rather he only talks about how the Garden would be preferable to the life mankind has made for itself. So it is unlikely he was a Cynic, but was just envious of that idealised pre-civilisation Life in the Garden.Maximus of Tyre must be distinguished from the Stoic Claudius Maximus, tutor of Marcus Aurelius.Ancient Greek TextMaximus Tyrius, Philosophumena, Dialexeis - Edited by George Leonidas Koniaris, Publisher Walter de Gruyter, 1995, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110882568 - this critical edition presents the Ancient Greek text of Maximus of Tyre.TranslationsTaylor, Thomas, The Dissertations of Maximus Tyrius. C. Wittingham (1804)Trapp, Michael. Maximus of Tyre: The Philosophical "}
{"doc_id":"doc_272","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Anne Elizabeth RectorAnne Elizabeth Rector (June 26, 1899 – February 17, 1970) was anAmerican artist.Rector was the daughter of Enoch J. Rector and she attended the Art Students League ofNew York studying under John French Sloan. Ann also studied landscape painting under Andrew Dasburg.She married Edmund Duffy and they moved to New York City in 1948, when her husband began work forthe Saturday Evening Post. She later headed Rector Studios that manufactured glass top tables. Herdaughter married Ivan Chermayeff, the son of Serge Ivan Chermayeff.Rector's childhood diaries werepublished in 2004. They had been found many years after Rector's death and described her life for theyear of 1912.Passage 2:Edmund DuffyEdmund Duffy (March 1, 1899 – September 12, 1962), was anAmerican editorial cartoonist.  He grew up in Jersey City, New Jersey, eventually moving to metropolitanareas. Duffy did not attend high school, but instead went into the Art Students League of New York.Duffy's career took him to London, Paris, New York, and finally to Baltimore, where he spent the majorityof his professional career working for The Baltimore Sun.Duffy won three Pulitzer Prizes for EditorialCartooning in 1931, 1934, and 1940. Duffy began working for the Baltimore Sun in 1924, when he wasonly about 25 years old, and he received high praise from the famous journalist H.L. Mencken.JournalismcareerDuffy first came into the journalism field with his submission of a page of sketches for ArmisticeDay. The sketches were put into the New York Tribune in the Sunday section. Duffy worked on a varietyof assignments in order to save up money, then launching his European career. He moved to London andworked for the London Evening News. Duffy worked in Paris for a few years, and he finally returned to theUnited States in 1922. He worked for two years with both the New York Leader and the BrooklynEagle.The longest period of his career began in 1924 when he began working for The Baltimore Sun.Duffy worked there until 1948, in order to work a less tiring job, working for the Saturday EveningPost.  Duffy drew numerous noteworthy cartoons, approaching major issues and incidents, such aslynching and the Ku Klux Klan, but also the famous Monkey Scopes Trial of 1925.Denouncing racismthrough artDuffy was known for his daring nature in relation to his work. H.L. Mencken saw promise in hiswork and “Duffy with his sometimes savage artwork, did the kind of thing that delighted Mencken, wholoved nothing more than to ‘stir up the animals’”. Duffy was not afraid to please Mencken, and heldnothing back  He was one of the few people of his time that would boldly approach the topic ofracism.  He blatantly condemned lynching and the actions of the KKK.  This was one of his main issuesthat he approached during his career.  During the time period that Duffy worked it was not popular toadvocate against racism, so Duffy was civil rights before it was a wide movement in the United States.S.L. Harrison, a late professor of Communication at the University of Miami, wrote that Duffy “displayeduncommon vigor in attacking the Ku Klux Klan”.Scopes TrialJust a year after Duffy began working for TheBaltimore Sun, 1925, a famous trial began in Tennessee.  Tennessee had passed a law, the Butler Act,barring teachers against the topic of evolution in the classroom, but one biology teacher, John T. Scopes,ignored the law and taught his students evolution.  Scopes decided that the students should learnevolution, even if it went against the teachings of the bible.  Since the trial was popular and a nationwidetopic, Mencken took a staff from The Sun, including Duffy, to cover the trial.  “[Edmund Duffy’s] graphicartwork played a significant role in the public’s perception of the trial proceedings reported in the pagesof The Sun, then one of America’s most influential newspapers”.  His cartoons brought more attention tothe issue, as he derided Tennessee for crushing knowledge in one of his more notable cartoons from thetrial called ‘A Closed Book in Tennessee.’ In this cartoon, Duffy shows a man, representing Tennessee,holding a sign that says “Fundamentalists Only Wanted as Teachers.”  The man is standing on top of thebook of knowledge, holding it shut.  Duffy knew that this powerful cartoon would cause a great response,but that is exactly what Mencken wanted and expected from him.  Many more of his cartoons from thetrial held the same message, in which he was publicly shaming Tennessee for the law, the trial, and theverdict.  Mencken once said that with a good cartoonist he would not need a whole editorial staff, and agreat cartoonist he found in Duffy.Pulitzer PrizesOver Edmund Duffy's career, he won three PulitzerPrizes, which is a lot compared to other recipients over the years.  His three prize winning cartoons are"}
{"doc_id":"doc_273","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Rumbi KatedzaRumbi Katedza is a Zimbabwean Film Producer and Director who was born on 17 January 1974.Early life and educationShe did her Primary and Secondary Education in Harare, Zimbabwe. Katedza graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English from McGill University, Canada in 1995. In 2008 Katedza received the Chevening Scholarship that enabled her to further her studies in film. She also holds a MA in Filmmaking from Goldsmiths College, London University.Work and filmographyKatedza has experience in Film and TV Production, Directing, Writing as well as Producing and presenting Radio shows. From 1994 to 2000, She produced and presented radio shows on Women's issues, Arts and Culture, Hip Hop and Acid Jazz for the CKUT (Montreal) and ZBC Radio 3 (Zimbabwe). From 2004 - 2006, she served as the Festival Director of the Zimbabwe International Film Festival. Whilst there, she produced the Postcards from Zimbabwe Series. In 2008, Katedza founded Mai Jai Films and has produced numerous films and television productions under the banner namelyTariro (2008);Big House, Small House (2009);The Axe and the Tree (2011);The Team (2011)Playing Warriors (2012)Her early works include:Danai (2002);Postcards from Zimbabwe (2006);Trapped (2006 – Rumbi Katedza, Marcus Korhonen);Asylum (2007);Insecurity Guard (2007)Rumbi Katedza is a part-time lecturer at the University of Zimbabwe, in the department of Theatre Arts. She is a judge and monitor at the National Arts Merit Awards, responsible for monitoring new film and TV productions throughout the year on behalf of the National Arts Council of Zimbabwe. She has also lobbied Zimbabwean government to actively support the film industry.Passage 2:Sam the ManSam the Man is a 2001 American film directed by Gary Winick and starring Fisher Stevens.PlotA writer having difficulty completing his second novel goes on a journey of self-discovery.CastExternal linksSam the Man at IMDbSam the Man at Rotten TomatoesPassage 3:The Man Is ArmedThe Man Is Armed is a 1956 film noir crime film directed by Franklin Adreon starring Dane Clark, William Talman, May Wynn and Robert Horton.PlotFramed by another man, truck driver Johnny Morrison serves a year in prison. After his release, Johnny confronts the man, Mitch Mitchell, who plunges off a roof to his death.Johnny then learns that his former employer, Hackett, was the one who set him up as a fall guy. Hackett claims it was a test of loyalty, and since Johnny passed, he now stands to earn $100,000 for helping Hackett pull off the robbery of an armored transport company.Johnny's old girlfriend, Carol Wayne, still has feelings for him, even though she has been seeing Mike Benning, a young doctor. While the death of Mitchell is investigated by police Lt. Coster as a homicide, Johnny and three other thugs pull off the heist.Unable to get the loot to Hackett due to roadblocks, Johnny hides out. Hackett, believing he has been double-crossed, shoots Johnny and buries the money on his family farm, but the police catch up to him. A wounded Johnny knocks out Mike and abducts Carol, but collapses and dies after a few steps. Mike leads Carol away as the cops arrive.CastDane Clark as Johnny MorrisonWilliam Talman as HackettMay Wynn as Carol WayneRobert Horton as Dr. Michael BenningBarton MacLane as Det. Lt. Dan CosterFredd Wayne as EganRichard Benedict as Lew 'Mitch' MitchellRichard Reeves as RutbergHarry Lewis as ColeBobby Jordan as ThorneLarry J. Blake as Ray PerkinsDarlene Fields as TerryclothJohn Mitchum as OfficerSee alsoList of American films of 1956Passage 4:Wolf WarriorWolf Warrior (Chinese: \u0000\u0000) is a 2015 Chinese war film written and directed by Wu Jing. It stars Wu Jing along with Scott Adkins, Yu Nan and Kevin Lee. It was released on 2 April 2015. A sequel, titled Wolf Warrior 2, was released in China in 2017 and became the all-time highest-grossing film in China.PlotIn 2008, a combined task group of People's Liberation Army Special Operations Forces and Chinese police raid a drug smuggling operation in an abandoned chemical facility in southern China. The leader of the smuggling operation, Wu Ji, holds one of his own men hostage while taking cover behind a section of the facility's reinforced wall.Leng Feng, a skilled PLA sniper, ignores orders to stand down and fires three shots at a weak section of the wall, penetrating through on the third shot and killing Wu Ji. Leng Feng is sent to solitary confinement as punishment, but is approached by Long Xiaoyun, the female commander of the legendary 'Wolf Warriors', an elite unit within the PLA tasked with simulating foreign tactics for the PLA to train against. Long Xiaoyun offers Leng Feng a place in the Wolf Warriors. Meanwhile, in the Philippines, crime lord Min Deng, the older brother of Wu Ji, hires ex-US Navy SEAL “Tom Cat” (Scott Adkins) and his group to assassinate Leng Feng and avenge his brother.The Wolf "}
{"doc_id":"doc_274","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Billy MilanoBilly Milano (born June 3, 1964) is an American heavy metal and hardcore punkmusician. He is the singer and occasionally guitarist and bassist of crossover thrash band M.O.D., andwas the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death. Prior to these bands, Milano played in earlyNew York hardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the career of future Agnostic Front vocalistRoger Miret. Milano was also the singer of United Forces, which included his Stormtroopers of Deathbandmate Dan Lilker. Milano managed a number of bands, including Agnostic Front, for whom he alsoco-produced the 1997 Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give and roadie forAnthrax.DiscographyStormtroopers of Death albumsStormtroopers of Death videosMethod of Destruction(M.O.D.)MasteryPassage 2:Don't You Believe It\"Don't You Believe It\" is a song written by Burt Bacharachand Bob Hillard and recorded by Andy Williams. Released as a single, the B-side was a cover of theGeorge Gershwin song \"Summertime\".Chart performanceThe song reached No. 15 on the Billboard EasyListening chart and No. 39 on the Hot 100 in 1962.Passage 3:Kristian LeontiouKristian Leontiou (bornFebruary 1982) is an English singer. Formerly a solo artist, he is the lead singer of indie rock band OneeskimO.Early lifeKristian Leontiou was born in London, England and is of Greek Cypriot descent. He wentto Hatch End High School in Harrow and worked several jobs in and around London whilst concentratingon music when he had any free time.  In 2003 he signed a major record deal with Polydor. At the time,Leontiou was dubbed \"the new Dido\" by some media outlets. His debut single \"Story of My Life\" wasreleased in June 2004 and reached #9 in the UK Singles Chart. His second single \"Shining\" peaked at#13 whilst the album Some Day Soon was certified gold selling in excess of 150,000 copies.Leontioutoured the album in November 2004 taking him to the US to work with L.A Reid, Chairman of the IslandDef Jam music group.  Unhappy with the direction his career was going, on a flight back from the US in2004 he decided to take his music in a new direction.  Splitting from his label in late 2005, he went on tocollaborate with Faithless on the song \"Hope & Glory\" for their album ‘'To All New Arrivals'’.  It was thisrelease that saw him unleash the One eskimO moniker.  It was through working with Rollo Armstrong onthe Faithless album, that Rollo got to hear an early demo of \"Astronauts\" from the One eskimO project.Being more than impressed by what he heard, Rollo opened both his arms and studio doors to Leontiouand they began to co-produce the ‘'All Balloons’' album.It was at this time that he paired up with goodfriend Adam Falkner, a drummer/musician, to introduce a live acoustic sound to the album. Theyrecorded the album with engineer Phill Brown (engineer for Bob Marley and Robert Plant) at Ark studiosin St John's Wood where they recorded live then headed back to Rollo's studio to add the cinematicelectro touches that are prominent on the album.Shortly after its completion, One eskimO's \"Hometime\"was used on a Toyota Prius advert in the USA. The funds from the advert were then used to develop thevisual aspect of One eskimO. He teamed up with friend Nathan Erasmus (Gravy Media Productions) alongwith animation team Smuggling Peanuts (Matt Latchford and Lucy Sullivan) who together began todevelop the One eskimO world, the first animation produced was for the track ‘Hometime’ which went onto win a British animation award in 2008.In 2008 Leontiou started a new management venture with ATCMusic. By mid-2008 Time Warner came on board to develop all 10 One eskimO animations which wereproduced the highly regarded Passion Pictures in London.  Now with all animation complete and a debutalbum, One eskimO prepare to unveil themselves fully to the world in summer 2009.Leontiou released acover version of Tracy Chapman's \"Fast Car\", which was originally released as a single in 2005. Leontiou'sversion was unable to chart, however, due to there being no simultaneous physical release alongside thedownload single, a UK chart rule that was in place at the time. On 24 April 2011, the song entered thesingles chart at number 88 due to Britain's Got Talent contestant Michael Collings covering the track onthe show on 16 April 2011.DiscographyAlbumsSinglesNotesA  - Originally released as a single in April2005, Leontiou's version of \"Fast Car\" did not chart until 2011 in the UK.Also featured onNow That's WhatI Call Music! 58 (Story of My Life)Win a Date with Tad Hamilton! OST, Love Love Songs - The UltimateLove Collection (Shining)Summerland OST (The Crying)Passage 4:Can't Believe It (Flo Rida song)\"Can'tBelieve It\" is a song by American rapper Flo Rida. The song features a rap verse from Cuban-American"}
{"doc_id":"doc_275","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Marc-Kanyan CaseMarc-Kanyan Case (14 September 1942 – 6 January 2023) was a Frenchprofessional footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1968 Summer Olympics.Passage2:Stoney CaseStoney Jarrod Case (born July 7, 1972) is a former quarterback for three teams in theNational Football League (NFL) and three teams in the Arena Football League (AFL).High school andcollegeCase played high school football for the Odessa Permian Panthers, quarterbacking the team to anundefeated, 16–0 season and the Texas 5A football title in 1989, one year after the events chronicled inthe Friday Night Lights book and movie. The Panthers were voted ESPN's National Champion team as aresult. During his Permian career, Case also lettered in baseball as an outfielder, first baseman andpitcher. His brother Stormy Case also played quarterback for the Panthers and went on to play for TexasA&M.Recruited to play college football for the University of New Mexico, Case was a four-year starter forthe Lobos and was the first player in NCAA Division I-A (now FBS) history to post 9,000 career passingyards and 1,000 career rushing yards. In the course of his college career he threw or ran for 98touchdowns, which at the time of his graduation was second in I-A history to Ty Detmer.  In 1994, Casewas the WAC player of the year and led the NCAA with 33 total TD'S and 3,649 total yards.1991: Threwfor 1,564 yards with 10 TD vs 6 INT with 2 rushing TD's.1992: Threw for 2,289 yards with 18 TD vs 13INT with 4 rushing TD's.1993: Threw for 2,490 yards with 17 TD vs 8 INT with 14 rushing TD's.1994:Threw for 3,117 yards with 22 TD vs 12 INT on 409 pass attempts with 11 rushing TD's.ProfessionalcareerNFLCase was a third round pick in the 1995 NFL Draft and played quarterback for Arizona Cardinalsfrom 1995 to 1998, though he spent part of that time with the Barcelona Dragons in the NFL Europe. Hewas signed as a free agent by both the Indianapolis Colts and the Baltimore Ravens in 1999, and went tothe Detroit Lions as an unrestricted free agent in 2000.Case saw limited action during his NFL career. Heplayed in two games during his rookie season, but saw no action in either 1996 or 1998. He played twicein 1997 as a replacement for injured starter Kent Graham. He played in 10 games for the BaltimoreRavens in 1999, starting four games and winning two of them. He also played in five other games later inthe season, receiving playing time as a back-up quarterback. In all, Case played in a total of 24 careerNFL games over six years, 12 as a starter, in which he passed for 1,826 yards and 4 touchdowns whilerushing for 270 yards and 5 touchdowns. His best game came in 1999 against the Atlanta Falcons, Casethrew for 2 touchdowns and no interceptions with a QB rating of 96.5.As an NFL player, Case wascriticized by some fans for his uncertainty and lack of ability to throw an effective long pass. His worstcareer performance came in October 1999 when he appeared for the Ravens against the Kansas CityChiefs, completing only 15 of 37 passes for 103 yards. \"The Chiefs\", noted the Baltimore City Paper, \"bycomparison, ran back his intercepted passes for 108 yards. Repeat: 103 yards forward, 108 yardsbackward. Add in those two touchdowns off interceptions and Case did almost precisely as much forKansas City as did the Chiefs' own quarterback, Elvis Grbac (112 yards, two TD passes).\"In 2000, Casesigned with the Detroit Lions as the primary backup to quarterback Charlie Batch. Appearing in fivegames, Case passed for 503 yards, 1 touchdown, and 4 interceptions. His best game came on November30 in a game against the Minnesota Vikings.  Even though the Lions lost 24–17, Case filled in for aninjured Batch and put up 230 yards on 23–33 passing with a touchdown and an interception.AFLAftermajor shoulder surgery at the end of his contract with Detroit and seemingly out of the NFL, Casesubsequently moved to the Arena Football League. In 2004, he was signed by Tampa Bay Storm, playingin just three games in 2005 and completing 4 of 7 passes for 35 yards and 2 touchdowns.In 2006, Casewas the backup to Mark Grieb with the San Jose SaberCats in the AFL American Conference, WesternDivision. On October 31, he returned to Tampa Bay as a free agent.  Four games into the 2007 season,Case took over as the Storm's starting quarterback. However, that was short-lived when he dislocated hisshoulder against the Orlando Predators and had season ending surgery.See alsoList of NCAA majorcollege football yearly total offense leadersPassage 3:Richard CaseRichard Case (born 1964) is anAmerican comics artist best known for his work for DC Comics especially the Vertigo imprint.He is not tobe confused with the similarly-named Richard Case, a comics artist who worked for the Iger Studio and"}
{"doc_id":"doc_276","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Rotrou III, Count of PercheRotrou III (bef. 1080 – 8 May 1144), called the Great (le Grand),was the Count of Perche and Mortagne from 1099. He was the son of Geoffrey II, Count of Perche, andBeatrix de Ramerupt, daughter of Hilduin IV, Count of Montdidier. He was a notable Crusader and aparticipant in the Reconquista in eastern Spain, even ruling the city of Tudela in Navarre from 1123 to1131. He is commonly credited with introducing Arabian horses to the Perche, giving rise to thePercheron breed. By his creation of a monastery at La Trappe in memory of his wife, Matilda, daughter ofHenry I of England, in 1122 he also laid the foundations of the later Trappists.First CrusadeRotrou tookpart in the First Crusade, travelling with the army of the duke of Normandy, Robert Curthose. Whatinfluenced Rotrou in this regard were probably familial connexions. He was related to the Anglo-Normanaristocracy and the Perche was a march (border region) in southern Normandy. A sister was married toRaymond I of Turenne, who was a fellow Crusader in the following of Raymond IV of Toulouse. Hismother, Beatrix, was a sister of Ebles II of Roucy, who had campaigned in Spain in 1073, and Felicia, whomarried Sancho Ramírez, King of Aragon. A religious motivation cannot be discounted.According to theChanson d'Antioche, Rotrou was under the command of Bohemond of Taranto during the Siege ofAntioch, and was one of the first to go over the city's walls through scaling ladders on 3 June 1098. Whenthe Crusaders had to confront a Seljuk relief force two weeks later in open battle, Rotrou was one of thefront line commanders. He fulfilled his vow and made it all the way to Jerusalem. The Chanson alsomentions his bravery at the siege of Nicaea of 1097.In 1107, Rotrou built a castle on land held partlyallodially and partly in lordship by Hugh II of Le Puiset, thus challenging Hugh's rights to the estate. SincePope Urban II had taken Crusaders' \"houses, families, and all their goods into the protection of SaintPeter and the Roman church\", and both Hugh and Rotrou were veterans of the First Crusade, the disputewas intractable. Bishop and lawyer Ivo of Chartres could not resolve it, since it involved a judicial duel,over which the church was not allowed to preside, and so remitted it to the court of the County of Blois.There Hugh lost, but in the violence that followed his tenant, who held the land from him as a fief, wascaptured by Rotrou's men. The reigning pope, Paschal II, who was in Chartres in April, sent the case backto Ivo, who complained in a letter that since \"this law of the Church protecting the goods of knights goingto Jerusalem was new. . . they did not know whether the protection applied only to their properties oralso applied to their fortifications.\" Rotrou denied that the case had anything to do with the novel canonlaw.Norman politicsDuring Rotrou's absence his father, Geoffrey of Mortagne, died in 1099. On the firstSunday after returning to France, Rotrou paid a visit to the monastery of Nogent-le-Rotrou, a foundationof his family's and the location of his father tomb. There he asked to become a confrater (brother) of theAbbey of Cluny, Nogent's mother house, and to show his sincerity and prove the fulfillment of hisCrusading vow he placed a charter confirming his predecessors' donations to the abbey and the palmfrond brought back from Jerusalem on the altar.Rotrou's position in the Duchy of Normandy was that ofdefender of the frontier with the Île-de-France. His position was probably enhanced by his participation inthe First Crusade. Whereas his father had only held the title of viscount, Rotrou is usually called a count.In the war between Henry I of England and Robert Curthose, Rotrou sided with the former and was animportant figure in Henry's administration of the duchy after the capture of Robert at Tinchebrai in 1106.Rotrou was a direct vassal of Henry in England, where he held fiefs jure uxoris, in right of his wife, theking's daughter Matilda. He was not often in England, but is purported to have been close to hiswife.ReconquistaEarly participationRotrou's actual first participation in the Reconquista dates to the firstdecade of the twelfth century (possibly 1104–5). He and a group of Normans are said to have fought theMuslims in the service of Alfonso the Battler, then King of Aragon and Navarre, until the Aragoneseplotted against them and they returned home. It has been speculated that the Norman involvement inthe campaign originated as gossip designed to discredit Alfonso by Cluny, an ally of Alfonso's rival,Alfonso VI of Castile. More probably the Normans just accomplished too little to be noticed, or wereperhaps sent back home without encountering any Muslims because their services were not need at thetime, when Alfonso the Battler had an alliance with the taifa (faction-kingdom) of Zaragoza. Perhaps the"}
{"doc_id":"doc_277","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Everything's DuckyEverything's Ducky is a 1961 comedy film directed by Don Taylor andwritten by Benedict Freedman and John Fenton Murray. The film stars Mickey Rooney, Buddy Hackett,Jackie Cooper, Joanie Sommers, Roland Winters and Elizabeth MacRae. The film was released onDecember 20, 1961, by Columbia Pictures.PlotTwo sailors sneak a talking duck aboard their ship.Complications ensue. The duck waddles all over the ship until he escapes.CastMickey Rooney as Kermit'Beetle' McKayBuddy Hackett as Seaman Admiral John Paul 'Ad' JonesJackie Cooper as Lt. J.S.ParmellJoanie Sommers as Nina LloydRoland Winters as Capt. Lewis BollingerElizabeth MacRae as SusiePenroseGene Blakely as Lt. Cmdr. Bernard KempGordon Jones as Chief Petty Officer ConroyRichardDeacon as Dr. DeckhamJames Millhollin as George ImhoffJimmy Cross as DrunkRobert Williams as DuckHunterKing Calder as FrankEllie Kent as NurseWilliam Hellinger as CorpsmanAnn Morell as WaveGeorgeSawaya as SimmonsDick Winslow as FröehlichAlvy Moore as Jim LipscottWalker Edmiston as Scuttlebutt –The DuckPassage 2:Abhishek SaxenaAbhishek Saxena is an Indian Bollywood and Punjabi film directorwho directed the movie Phullu. The Phullu movie was released in theaters on 16 June 2017, in which filmSharib Hashmi is the lead role. Apart from these, he has also directed Patiala Dreamz, this is a Punjabifilm. This film was screened in cinemas in 2014.Life and backgroundAbhishek Saxena was born on 19September 1988 in the capital of India, Delhi, whose father's name is Mukesh Kumar Saxena. AbhishekSaxena married Ambica Sharma Saxena on 18 December 2014. His mother's name is Gurpreet KaurSaxena.Saxena started his career with a Punjabi film Patiala Dreamz, after which he has also directed aHindi film Phullu, which has appeared in Indian cinemas on 16 June 2017.CareerAbhishek Saxena madehis film debut in 2011 as an assistant director on Doordarshan with Ashok Gaikwad. He made his firstdirected film Patiala Dreamz, this is a Punjabi movie.After this, he has also directed a Hindi film Phullu in2017, which has been screened in cinemas on 16 June 2017. Saxena is now making his upcoming movie\"India Gate\".In 2018 Abhishek Saxena has come up with topic of body-shaming in his upcoming movieSaroj ka Rishta. Where Sanah Kapoor will play the role of Saroj and actors Randeep Rai and GauravPandey will play the two men in Saroj's life.Yeh Un Dinon ki Baat Hai lead Randeep Rai will make hisBollywood debut. Talking about the film, director Abhishek Saxena told Mumbai Mirror, \"As a fat person, Ihave noticed that body-shaming doesn’t happen only with those who are on the heavier side, but alsowith thin people. The idea germinated from there.\"Career as an Assistant DirectorApart from this, he hasplayed the role of assistant director in many films and serials in the beginning of his career, in which hehas a television serial in 2011, Doordarshan, as well as in 2011, he also assisted in a serial of Star Plus.Inaddition to these serials, he played the role of assistant director in the movie \"Girgit\" which was made inTelugu language.FilmographyAs DirectorPassage 3:G. MarthandanG. Marthandan is an Indian filmdirector who works in Malayalam cinema. His debut film is Daivathinte Swantham CleetusEarly lifeG.Marthandan was born to M. S. Gopalan Nair and P. Kamalamma at Changanassery in Kottayam district ofKerala. He did his schooling at NSS Boys School Changanassery and completed his bachelor's degree inEconomics at NSS Hindu College, Changanassery.CareerAfter completing his bachelor's degree,Marthandan entered films as an associate director with the unreleased film Swarnachamaram directed byRajeevnath in 1995. His next work was British Market, directed by Nissar in 1998. He worked as anassociate director for 18 years.He made his directional debut with Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus in2013, starring Mammooty in the lead role. His next movie was in 2015, Acha Dhin, with Mammooty andMansi Sharma in the lead roles. Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus and Paavada were box officesuccesses.FilmographyAs directorAs associate directorAs actorTV serialKanyadanam (Malayalam TVseries) - pilot episodeAwardsRamu Kariat Film Award - Paavada (2016)JCI Foundation Award -Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus (2013)Passage 4:Don Taylor (American actor and director)Donald RichieTaylor (December 13, 1920 – December 29, 1998) was an American actor and film director. Heco-starred in 1940s and 1950s classics, including the 1948 film noir The Naked City, Battleground, Fatherof the Bride, Father's Little Dividend and Stalag 17. He later turned to directing films such as Escape fromthe Planet of the Apes (1971), Tom Sawyer (1973), Echoes of a Summer (1976), and Damien: Omen II"}
{"doc_id":"doc_278","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Ann SheridanClara Lou \"Ann\" Sheridan (February 21, 1915 – January 21, 1967) was anAmerican actress and singer. She is best known for her roles in the films San Quentin (1937) withHumphrey Bogart, Angels with Dirty Faces (1938) with James Cagney and Bogart, They Drive by Night(1940) with George Raft and Bogart, City for Conquest (1940) with Cagney and Elia Kazan, The Man WhoCame to Dinner (1942) with Bette Davis, Kings Row (1942) with Ronald Reagan, Nora Prentiss (1947),and I Was a Male War Bride (1949) with Cary Grant.Early lifeClara Lou Sheridan was born in Denton,Texas, on February 21, 1915, the youngest of five children (Kitty, Pauline, Mabel and George) of garagemechanic George W. Sheridan and Lula Stewart (née Warren). According to Sheridan, her father was agrandnephew of Civil War Union general Philip Sheridan.She was active in dramatics at Denton HighSchool and at North Texas State Teachers College. She also sang with the college's stage band andplayed basketball on the North Texas women's basketball team. Then, in 1933, Sheridan won the prize ofa bit part in an upcoming Paramount film, Search for Beauty, when her sister Kitty entered Sheridan'sphotograph into a beauty contest.CareerParamountAfter the release of Search for Beauty in 1934,Paramount put the 19-year-old under contract at a starting salary of $75 a week ($1,641 today), whereshe played mostly uncredited bit parts for the next two years. She can be glimpsed in the following 1934films, and if credited, as Clara Lou Sheridan: Bolero, Come On Marines!, Murder at the Vanities, Shootthe Works, Kiss and Make-Up with Cary Grant, The Notorious Sophie Lang, College Rhythm (directed byNorman Taurog whom Sheridan admired), Ladies Should Listen with Cary Grant, You Belong to Me,Wagon Wheels, The Lemon Drop Kid with Lee Tracy, Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch, Ready for Love,Limehouse Blues with George Raft and Anna May Wong, and One Hour Late.Along with fellowcontractees, Sheridan worked with Paramount's drama coach Nina Mouise and performed on the studiolot in such plays as The Milky Way and The Pursuit of Happiness. While in The Milky Way, Paramountdecided to change her first name from Clara Lou to the same as her character Ann.Sheridan was thencast in the film Behold My Wife! (1934) at the behest of director and friend Mitchell Leisen. The roleprovided two standout scenes for the actress, including one in which her character commits suicide, towhich she attributed Paramount's keeping her under contract.She continued with bit parts in EnterMadame (1935) with Elissa Landi and Cary Grant, Home on the Range (1935) with Randolph Scott andEvelyn Brent, and Rumba (1935) with George Raft and Carole Lombard, until her first lead role in Car 99(1935), with Fred MacMurray. \"No acting, it was just playing the lead, that's all\", she later said. She nexthad a support role as the romantic interest in Rocky Mountain Mystery (1935), a Randolph Scott Western.She then appeared in Mississippi (1935) with Bing Crosby and W. C. Fields, The Glass Key (1935) withGeorge Raft in a brief speaking role for which she was billed as \"Nurse\" in the cast list at the end of thefilm, and (having one line) The Crusades (1935) with Loretta Young. In her last picture under her dealwith Paramount, the studio loaned her out to Poverty Row production company Talisman to make TheRed Blood of Courage (1935) with Kermit Maynard. After this, Paramount declined to renew her contract.Sheridan made Fighting Youth (1935) at Universal and then signed a contract with Warner Bros. in1936.Warner Bros.Sheridan's career prospects began to improve at her new studio. Her early films forWarner Bros. included Sing Me a Love Song (1936); Black Legion (1937) with Humphrey Bogart; TheGreat O'Malley (1937) with Pat O'Brien and Bogart, her first real break; San Quentin (1937), with O'Brienand Bogart, singing for the first time in a film; and Wine, Women and Horses (1937) with BartonMacLane.Sheridan moved into B picture leads: The Footloose Heiress (1937); Alcatraz Island (1937) withJohn Litel; and She Loved a Fireman (1937) with Dick Foran for director John Farrow. She was a lead inThe Patient in Room 18 (1937) and its sequel Mystery House (1938). Sheridan was in Little MissThoroughbred (1938) with Litel for Farrow and supported Dick Powell in Cowboy from Brooklyn(1938).Universal borrowed her for a support role in Letter of Introduction (1938) at the behest of directorJohn M. Stahl. For Farrow, she was in Broadway Musketeers (1938), a remake of Three on a Match(1932).Sheridan's notices in Letter of Introduction impressed Warner Bros. executives and she began toget roles in better quality pictures at her own studio starting with Angels with Dirty Faces (1938), wherein"}
{"doc_id":"doc_279","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Daphne and the PirateDaphne and the Pirate is a 1916 American drama film directed by  Christy Cabanne and starring Lillian Gish.CastLillian Gish as Daphne La TourElliott Dexter as Philip de MornayWalter Long as Jamie d'ArcyHoward Gaye as Prince HenriLucille Young as FanchetteRichard Cummings as Francois La TourJack Cosgrave as Duc de MornayJoseph SingletonGeorge C. Pearce (as George Pearce)W. E. LawrencePearl ElmoreJewel Carmen (as Jewell Carman)See alsoLillian Gish filmographyPassage 2:The Dream (1966 film)The Dream or Dream (Serbian: San) is a 1966 Yugoslavian war film directed by Mladomir Puriša Đorđević. It was entered into the 17th Berlin International Film Festival.CastLjubiša Samardžić as MaliMihajlo Janketić as DecakOlivera Katarina as Devojka (as Olivera Vuco)Mija Aleksić as CiganinLjuba Tadić as Mile GrkSinisa Ivetić as HeinrichAleksandar Stojković as BerberinBata Živojinović as LazarStole ArandjelovićFaruk Begolli as PetarViktor Starčić as DirigentKarlo Bulić as ProfesorZoran BečićPassage 3:The Pirate (1984 film)The Pirate (French: La Pirate) is a 1984 French drama film directed by Jacques Doillon. It was entered in the 1984 Cannes Film Festival.Plot summaryCastJane Birkin as AlmaMaruschka Detmers as CarolePhilippe Léotard as n° 5Andrew Birkin as Andrew, le mariLaure Marsac as L'enfantMichael Stevens as Concierge de l'hôtelDidier Chambragne as Le coursierArsène Altmeyer as Le taxiPassage 4:Morgan, the PirateMorgan, the Pirate (Italian: Morgan il pirata) is a 1960 Italian-French international co-production historical adventure film, directed by André de Toth and Primo Zeglio, and starring Steve Reeves as Sir Henry Morgan, the pirate who became the Lieutenant-Governor of Jamaica.PlotIn 1670, freeborn Englishman, Henry Morgan, is enslaved by the Spaniards in Panama and sold to Doña Inez, daughter of Governor Don José Guzmán. Morgan falls in love with his mistress, much to the dismay of her father, who punishes him by sentencing him to a life of hard labor aboard a Spanish galleon. Morgan leads his fellow slaves in mutiny, takes command of the ship, and becomes a pirate, without knowing that Doña Inez was on board, on her way to Spain. She becomes his prisoner, but spurns him when he declares his love in Tortuga. Not long after, Morgan's daring exploits on the Spanish Main pique the interest of King Charles II of England, and Morgan agrees to attack only Spanish vessels in return for English ships and men. Fearing for the security of Doña Inez, after the pirates discover her identity, he permits her to return to Panama. Once there, she warns Don José of Morgan's planned invasion, and the pirate ships are either easily sunk or routed by the alerted Spanish. Not giving up, Morgan leads his men overland and attacks the city from the rear. The maneuver succeeds, Panama falls to the pirates, and Doña Inez finally admits her love for Morgan.CastSteve Reeves as Sir Henry MorganValérie Lagrange as Doña InezIvo Garrani as Governor Don José GuzmánChelo Alonso as ConcepciónLydia Alfonsi as Doña MaríaArmand Mestral as François l'OlonnaisGiulio Bosetti as Sir Thomas ModyfordAngelo Zanolli as DavidGeorge Ardisson as WalterReleaseMorgan, the Pirate was released in Italy on 17 November 1960. It was released in the United States on 6 July 1961 with a 93-minute running time.ReceptionTurner Classic Movies' Jeff Stafford writes, \"Largely due to de Toth's direction, Morgan the Pirate is a lively, fast-paced entertainment with moments of tongue-in-cheek humor that is several notches in quality above the usual turgid, Italian-made spectacle. The striking cinematography, filmed in garish Eastmancolor, is by the award-winning Tonino Delli Colli who has lensed such art house classics as Pasolini's The Gospel According to St. Matthew (1964), Marco Bellocchio's China Is Near (1967), and Sergio Leone's Once Upon a Time in the West (1968). And the amusing, Ravel-inspired score by Franco Mannino strikes the perfect mock-epic tone. Among the more memorable set pieces are an exotic voodoo dance performed by Cuban sex bomb Chelo Alonso (a former dancer at the Folies Bergère in Paris), a battle at sea in which Morgan's men, disguised as women, storm a Spanish galleon in full drag, and the bloody, climactic sacking of Panama with shootings, stabbings and explosions galore.\"Passage 5:Prem Mhanje Prem Mhanje Prem AstaPrem Mhanje Prem Mhanje Prem Asta (Marathi: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000) is a Marathi drama film released on 19 April 2013. Produced by Sachin Parekar and directed by Mrinal Dev-Kulkarni. The film stars are Mrinal Dev-Kulkarni, Sachin Khedekar, Pallavi Joshi, Sunil Barve, Suhas Joshi, Mohan Agashe and Smita Talwalkar. The film's music is by Milind Ingle and Surel Ingle.The film is based on the connection between love and marriage.PlotThe "}
{"doc_id":"doc_280","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Nancy BurneNancy Burne (23 December 1907 – 25 March 1954) was an English stage and filmactress.Born in Chorlton, Lancashire, she began her film career at British International Pictures, starringalongside comedians such as Gene Gerrard, Stanley Lupino and Will Hay. Most of her subsequent screenappearances were as a leading lady in quota quickies.She starred alongside John Loder in the 1935romantic comedy It Happened in Paris, which marked Carol Reed's debut as director. In 1937 she had asupporting role in the independent film Thunder in the City, an expensive drama starring Edward G.Robinson which was a major financial and critical failure. Her final screen appearance was in the 1939horseracing film Flying Fifty-Five.FilmographyThe Love Nest (1933)The Butterfly Affair (1933)Facing theMusic (1933)The Warren Case (1934)Irish Hearts (1934)Song at Eventide (1934)Dandy Dick (1935)LendMe Your Husband (1935)Trust the Navy (1935)Once a Thief (1935)Old Roses (1935)It Happened in Paris(1935)Reasonable Doubt (1936)A Wife or Two (1936)Royal Eagle (1936)Skylarks (1936)Knights for aDay (1937)Thunder in the City (1937)John Halifax (1938)Flying Fifty-Five (1939)Passage 2:The FlyingFifty-Five (1924 film)The Flying Fifty-Five is a 1924 British silent sports film directed by A. E. Coleby andstarring Lionelle Howard, Frank Perfitt and Lionel d'Aragon. It is based on a 1922 novel of the same titleby Edgar Wallace, and was remade as a sound film in 1939.CastLionelle Howard as ReggieCambreyStephanie Stephens as Stella BarringtonBrian B. Lemon as Lord FountwellFrank Perfitt as JoanhUrquhartLionel d'Aragon as Sir Jacques GregoryBert Darley as Honourable Claude BarringtonAdelineHayden Coffin as AuntJohn Alexander as JebsonJohnny ButtAnnie EsmondFurther readingLow, Rachael.The History of the British Film 1918-1929. George Allen & Unwin, 1971.Passage 3:The FlyingFifty-FiveThe Flying Fifty-Five may refer to:The Flying Fifty-Five (1924 film), a British silent sportsfilmFlying Fifty-Five, a 1939 British sports drama filmPassage 4:2001–02 UEFA Champions League secondgroup stageIn the second group stage of the 2001–02 UEFA Champions League, eight winners and eightrunners-up from the first group stage were drawn into four groups of four teams, each containing twogroup winners and two runners-up. Teams from the same country or from the same first round groupcould not be drawn together. The top two teams in each group advanced to thequarter-finals.SeedingSeeding was determined by the UEFA coefficients and participants' first group stagepositions. Four best-ranked group winners were seeded in Pot 1, the remaining four in Pot 2. Grouprunners-up were seeded to Pots 3 and 4 accordingly.Tie-breaking criteriaBased on Article 7.06 in theUEFA regulations, if two or more teams are equal on points on completion of the group matches, thefollowing criteria will be applied to determine the rankings:higher number of points obtained in the groupmatches played among the teams in question;superior goal difference from the group matches playedamong the teams in question;higher number of goals scored away from home in the group matchesplayed among the teams in question;superior goal difference from all group matches played;highernumber of goals scored;higher number of coefficient points accumulated by the club in question, as wellas its association, over the previous five seasons.GroupsGroup AGroup BGroup CGroup DNotesPassage5:Jane PiersonJane Pierson was a French film actress. She appeared in fifty five films between 1924 and1952.Selected filmographyThe Imaginary Voyage (1926)Captain Rascasse (1927)The Marriage ofMademoiselle Beulemans (1927)Little Devil May Care (1928)The Maelstrom of Paris (1928)The WonderfulDay (1929)Under the Roofs of Paris (1930)Everybody Wins (1930)Le Million (1931)You Will Be My Wife(1932)Youth (1933)La tête d'un homme (1933)Forty Little Mothers (1936)The Brighton Twins (1936)Firein the Straw (1939)The Stairs Without End  (1943)Passage 6:Flying Fifty-FiveFlying Fifty-Five is a 1939British sports-drama film directed by Reginald Denham and starring  Derrick De Marney, Nancy Burne,Marius Goring, John Warwick and Peter Gawthorne. It was made by Admiral Films at Welwyn Studios. Thefilm is based on a 1922 novel of the same name by Edgar Wallace which had previously been made into a1924 silent film The Flying Fifty-Five.PlotAfter being disinherited by his wealthy father, an amateurjockey, Bill Urquhart goes to work under an assumed name (Bill Hart) at a rural racing stables owned andrun by Stella Barrington and her drunken brother, Charles, who is an old friend of Bill's. Confusion ariseswhen Bill is mistakenly reported to have been murdered.Partial castDerrick De Marney as Bill"}
{"doc_id":"doc_281","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Peggy PettittPeggy Pettitt (born February 8, 1950) is an American actress, dancer, teacher,playwright, and storyteller. Pettitt is best known for her role as Billie Jean in the 1972 family–drama filmBlack Girl, starring alongside Brock Peters and Claudia McNeil. Pettitt is a native of St. Louis,Missouri.Playwright and storytellerThe centerpiece of Pettitt's theater career is a unique style of soloperformance rooted in African-American storytelling. She developed this form to portray a spectrum ofcharacters. Related by blood and circumstance, these characters shed light on the multifaceted history ofAfrican American men and women. And they tell \"stories addressing important issues of our time.\" Incollaboration with director Remy Tissier, she has created over 10 original full-length plays. Theseexamine issues of domestic violence, sexual abuse, cross-generational differences, voting registration,the Civil Rights Movement, identity and the world HIV/Aids crisis. Titles include Women Preachers,Caught Between the Devil and The Deep Blue Sea, Tricksters: All Over You Like White On Rice, WrappedUp, Tied Up and Tangled, Mollie Oil BETWIXT, Wild Steps and In The Spirit For Real.One play was theproduct of her 2000-01 Fulbright Fellowship to Senegal: The Spirit Factor. An original play, it's based onthe living history and the art of storytelling in West Africa. Another play, Voyage, was presented at theAvignon Off Festival in 2010. It explores American history through both the blues and a spiritual heritagethat lives along the Mississippi River but originated in West Africa. Pettitt has presented her work at theSaint-Laurent-du-Maroni Les Rencontres du Bout des Mondes International Festival in 2011 (FrenchGuiana). In addition to the Fulbright Fellowship, she has received numerous other grants and awards.These include grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the New York Foundation for the Arts.Pearls of Wisdom is a storytelling ensemble of the Elders Share the Arts in N.Y. City. Pettitt is its foundingartistic director, and with the Pearls of Wisdom, she was inducted in 2007 into City Lore's People's Hall ofFame.ActressIn 1972, during the era of Blaxploitation movies, Pettitt starred in Black Girl, her firstfeature film. Pettitt was nominated for Best Actress by the NAACP for her role in Black Girl, written by J.E.Franklin (from her 1969 WGBH (Boston) teleplay and her 1971 play), and directed by Ossie Davis.Another of her noteworthy roles was at Lincoln Center as Miss Lindsey in Mule Bone, Zora Neale Hurstonand Langston Hughes’ historical comedy.TeacherPettitt has professional experience and training indirecting and storytelling workshops. She teaches a step-by-step process of creating, writing andperforming original material. Partnering with a wide array of organizations, she has helped scores ofdiverse groups present their own original stories as both theater and storytelling performances. She alsoworks extensively with drama therapists, social workers and educators in public schools.Both in the U.S.and abroad, Pettitt has worked at numerous schools and educational institutions. Her teaching experienceextends to facilities such as homeless shelters, prisons, drug treatment centers, VA hospitals, and seniorand adolescent centers. Additionally she has ample experience working with the emotionally andphysically disabled and their families. She currently teaches self-scripting at New York University'sExperimental Theatre Wing.BiographyIn 1974, after earning a BA from Antioch College, she moved toLondon on a Thomas J. Watson Fellowship. Pettitt now resides in New York City. She has been marriedsince 1982 to writer, director and painter Rémy Tissier.Awards and honors2008, Story gatherer for\"Another River Flows\" recipient of the Pennsylvania Human Relation Award2010, Voyage was presentedat the Avignon, France Off FestivalNominated for an NAACP Image Award for role in Black Girl2007, Ms.Pettitt and the Pearls of Wisdom were inducted into New York City Lore's People's Hall of FameRecipientof New York City's Arts In Education Roundtable Award for sustained achievement in theaterHonored bythe William Hodson Senior Center, The Roundtable Senior Center and Elders Share the Arts for\"Commitment to the art of storytelling that transforms lives and communities\"2011, Performance Space122 founders and board pioneers Shining Star AwardIn booksOut of Character, Mark Russell,1997Performing Democracy, Susan Chandler Haedicke, 2004Mapping Memories, Pam Schweitzer,2004Local Acts, An International Anthology, Jan Cohen Cruz, 2005Ensemble Works, An Anthology,Ferdinand Lewis, 2005Reminiscence Theatre: Making Theatre from Memory, Pam Schweitzer, 2007ForgetMemory: Creating Better Lives For People With Dementia, Ann Basting, 2009.== Notes ==Passage"}
{"doc_id":"doc_282","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Chang YiThe Yellow Emperor, also known as the Yellow Thearch or by his Chinese name Huangdi (), is either an individual deity (shen) in Chinese religion, one of the legendary Chinese sovereigns and cultural heroes included among the mytho-historical Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, or a part of the Five Regions' Highest Deities (Chinese: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000; pinyin: W\u0000fāng Shàngdì). Calculated by Jesuit missionaries, who based their work on various Chinese chronicles, and later accepted by the twentieth-century promoters of a universal calendar starting with the Yellow Emperor, Huangdi's traditional reign dates are 2697–2597 or 2698–2598 BC.Huangdi's cult became prominent in the late Warring States and early Han dynasty, when he was portrayed as the originator of the centralized state, as a cosmic ruler, and as a patron of esoteric arts. A large number of texts – such as the Huangdi Neijing, a medical classic, and the Huangdi Sijing, a group of political treatises – were thus attributed to him. Having waned in influence during most of the imperial period, in the early twentieth century Huangdi became a rallying figure for Han Chinese attempts to overthrow the rule of the Qing dynasty, which they considered foreign because its emperors were Manchu people. To this day the Yellow Emperor remains a powerful symbol within Chinese nationalism. Traditionally credited with numerous inventions and innovations – ranging from the lunar calendar (Chinese calendar), Taoism, wooden houses, boats, carts, \"the compass needle\", \" the earliest forms of writing\", civilization and its benefits, and/or an early form of football – the Yellow Emperor is now regarded as the initiator of Han culture (later Chinese culture).Names\"Huangdi\": Yellow Emperor, Yellow ThearchUntil 221 BC when Qin Shi Huang of the Qin dynasty coined the title huangdi (\u0000\u0000)  – conventionally translated as \"emperor\" – to refer to himself, the character di \u0000 did not refer to earthly rulers but to the highest god of the Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC) pantheon. In the Warring States period (c. 475–221 BC), the term di on its own could also refer to the deities associated with the five Sacred Mountains of China and colors. Huangdi (\u0000\u0000), the \"yellow di\", was one of the latter. To emphasize the religious meaning of di in pre-imperial times, historians of early China commonly translate the god's name as \"Yellow Thearch\" and the first emperor's title as \"August Thearch\", in which \"thearch\" refers to a godly ruler.In the late Warring States period, the Yellow Emperor was integrated into the cosmological scheme of the Five Phases, in which the color yellow represents the earth phase, the Yellow Dragon, and the center. The correlation of the colors in association with different dynasties was mentioned in the Lüshi Chunqiu (late 3rd century BC), where the Yellow Emperor's reign was seen to be governed by earth. The character huang \u0000 (\"yellow\") was often used in place of the homophonous huang \u0000, which means \" august\" (in the sense of 'distinguished') or \"radiant\", giving Huangdi attributes close to those of Shangdi, the Shang supreme god.Xuanyuan and YouxiongThe Records of the Grand Historian, compiled by Sima Qian in the first century BC, gives the Yellow Emperor's name as \"Xuan Yuan\" (traditional Chinese: \u0000\u0000; simplified Chinese: \u0000\u0000; pinyin: Xuān Yuán < Old Chinese (B-S) *q\u0000a[r]-[\u0000]\u0000a[n], lit. \"Chariot Shaft\"). Third-century scholar Huangfu Mi, who wrote a work on the sovereigns of antiquity, commented that Xuanyuan was the name of a hill where Huangdi had lived and that he later took as a name. The Classic of Mountains and Seas mentions a Xuanyuan nation whose inhabitants have human faces, snake bodies, and tails twisting above their heads; Yuan Ke, a contemporary scholar of early Chinese mythology, \"noted that the appearance of these people is characteristic of gods and suggested that they may reflect the form of the Yellow Thearch himself\". The Qing dynasty scholar Liang Yusheng (\u0000\u0000\u0000, 1745–1819) argued instead that the hill was named after the Yellow Emperor. Xuanyuan is also the name of the star Regulus in Chinese, the star being associated with Huangdi in traditional astronomy. He is also associated to the broader constellations Leo and Lynx, of which the latter is said to represent the body of the Yellow Dragon   (\u0000\u0000 Huánglóng), Huangdi's animal form.Huangdi was also referred to as \"Youxiong\" (\u0000\u0000; Y\u0000uxióng). This name has been interpreted as either a place name or a clan name. According to British sinologist Herbert Allen Giles (1845–1935), that name was \"taken from that of [Huangdi's] hereditary principality\". William Nienhauser, a modern translator of the Records of the Grand Historian, states that Huangdi was originally the head of the Youxiong clan, which lived near what is now Xinzheng in Henan. Rémi Mathieu, a French historian of Chinese myths and religion, translates \"Youxiong\" as \"possessor of bears\" and links "}
{"doc_id":"doc_283","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Waitrose Duchy OrganicWaitrose Duchy Organic (formerly Duchy Originals from Waitrose and earlier simply Duchy Originals) is a brand of organic food sold in Waitrose stores in the United Kingdom. The brand is a partnership between Waitrose and Duchy Originals Limited, a company set up in 1990  by King Charles III when he was Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall. The Duchy Originals company is named after the Duchy of Cornwall estates that are held in trust by the Duke of Cornwall, who often holds the title Prince of Wales.HistoryThe Duchy Originals brand was originally conceived in 1990 as an outlet for the organic food grown on the Prince of Wales' Highgrove House estate and nearby Home Farm which he had leased from the Duchy of Cornwall in the mid-1980s. The first Duchy Originals product was oaten biscuits. Products were initially sold through high-end stores such as Harrods and Fortnum & Mason. During the 1990s, Duchy Originals products began being stocked in farm shops and independent delicatessens and expansion during the 2000s saw a selected range of Duchy Originals products becoming widely available in most major UK supermarkets, with Waitrose as the brand's largest customer. By 2008 sales of Duchy Originals had raised over £7 million cumulatively for The Prince of Wales's Charitable Fund.Following the 2007–2008 financial crisis the Duchy Originals business began making losses, amounting to around £3 million in 2009, and in September of that year it was announced that Duchy Originals had agreed an exclusive deal with Waitrose. From August 2010 products were relaunched under the Duchy Originals from Waitrose brand and the then range of around 200 lines was expanded to over 300. Waitrose invested heavily in the brand and sales doubled during the first three years of the exclusive arrangement. By 2013 the brand was selling in 30 countries including Australia and Japan. In the summer of 2015 the brand name was changed to Waitrose Duchy Organic. The tradition of donating royalties to charity continued and Prince Charles continued his involvement with the brand which operates separately from the Duchy of Cornwall. The lease on Home Farm was not renewed in 2020, but the Prince of Wales continued to farm organically at Sandringham House. The new tenant of Home Farm continued the relationship with Waitrose Duchy Organic, which reported a profit of £3.6 million in 2021.The brandsThe company Duchy Originals, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Prince of Wales's Charitable Fund, originated the Duchy Originals brand in 1990 as a premium organic food and drink brand. It also created two other brands, Duchy Selections and Duchy Collections. Duchy Selections was a range of premium free-range (but not organic) pork and fish products and mineral waters, and Duchy Collections was a range of high quality non food products. The Duchy Originals company has never sold the goods that carry the brand names, and other than the short-lived Duchy Originals Food company venture it has not manufactured them. Instead Duchy branded products have been sold and manufactured by a number of different retail companies, all of whom have paid royalties to the Duchy Originals Company.Financial informationBy the end of the 1990s the brand had an annual turnover of around £1 million. This had grown to £4.86 million by 2006/7. Administrative expenses came to £3.31 million, giving an operating profit of £1.53 million. The company was badly hit by the recession in 2007 and started making a loss. For the financial year 2008/9, the company failed to make any profits and turnover dropped to £2.2 million, with an operating loss of £3.3 million, compared to the previous year's operating profit of £57,000. Fortunes improved after the 2009 Waitrose arrangement, and by 2013 annual profits were £2.8 million.The Duchy Originals Food companyDuchy Originals' only venture into manufacturing has been the Duchy Originals Food company. This was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Duchy Originals company and it opened a factory in Launceston, Cornwall in 2006. The factory was a bakery making both sweet and savoury pastry products. The venture suffered financial problems, with the factory making a loss of £447,158 in the financial year 2006/7. In 2009, the Duchy Originals company decided to sell the bakery, with one-off costs from the sale contributing towards Duchy Originals making a loss for 2009–10.Herbal medicinesIn 2008, Duchy Originals partnered with the alternative medicine company Nelsons to produce a line of herbal remedies. This led to controversy, in which leading UK scientists said that Duchy Originals promoted its herbal remedies with scientifically unsound claims. Edzard Ernst, the UK's first professor of complementary medicine, said Duchy Originals detox products were \"outright quackery\". Subsequently, the Medicines and Healthcare products "}
{"doc_id":"doc_284","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Pieces of a WomanPieces of a Woman is a 2020 drama film directed by Kornél Mundruczó,from a screenplay by Kata Wéber. The film stars Vanessa Kirby, Shia LaBeouf, Molly Parker, Sarah Snook,Iliza Shlesinger, Benny Safdie, Jimmie Fails, and Ellen Burstyn as the family and associates of Martha(Kirby) involved in her traumatic childbirth, baby loss, and a subsequent court case against the midwife,Eva (Parker), whom Martha's mother Elizabeth (Burstyn) blames for the baby's death. Martin Scorseseand Sam Levinson served as executive producers, and the film was scored by Howard Shore.Aninternational co-production of the United States and Canada, the film is partly based on Mundruczó andWéber's stage play of the same name and explores themes of grief and loss. It premiered on September4, 2020, at the 77th Venice International Film Festival, where Kirby won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress. Itwas released in select theaters on December 30, 2020, before beginning to digitally stream on Netflix onJanuary 7, 2021, and became noted for its long take childbirth scene at the start of the film.The filmreceived generally positive reviews, with praise for the actors, particularly Kirby, though elements of theplot were criticized. For her performance, Kirby received Academy Award, BAFTA, SAG, Critics' Choice,and Golden Globe nominations.PlotMartha and Sean, a young Boston couple, are expecting their firstchild. Sean resents Martha's mother Elizabeth, a wealthy Holocaust survivor, who is buying them aminivan.Martha goes into labor at their home and Sean calls their midwife Barbara, who is unavailableand sends another midwife named Eva in her place. Martha struggles with nausea and pain duringcontractions and, when she reaches ten centimeters, Eva realizes the baby's heart rate has droppeddangerously low. Sean asks Eva if they are safe to continue and Eva tells Sean to call an ambulance.Martha soon gives birth to a baby girl who at first seems healthy. Eva then notices the baby is turningblue and attempts to revive her, but she goes into cardiac arrest and dies.The following month, Marthaand Sean attend an appointment with a coroner; Sean is eager to find out what went wrong, while Marthais reluctant. They learn the cause of death has not yet been established but are told they were able todetermine that the baby was in a low-oxygen environment and start proceedings against Eva. Seanleaves, overcome with emotion, while Martha remains and decides that she wants to donate the baby'sbody to science.The relationship between Martha and Sean continues to be strained, as is Martha'srelationship with her mother, who wants to bury the baby and have a funeral. Both Martha and Seanremain deeply depressed. Sean returns the car that Elizabeth bought for them. He later has sex withMartha's cousin, Suzanne, and uses cocaine after being sober for almost seven years. Suzanne, who isalso the attorney prosecuting Eva, informs him that a potential lawsuit against Eva could be verylucrative.At a tense family gathering at her home, Elizabeth tells Martha that she has to attend Eva's trialand blames Martha for her baby's death because she decided to have a home birth. Elizabeth then tellsSean that she never liked him before offering him a check for a large sum of money to leave and neverreturn. Martha drops Sean off at Logan International Airport and he leaves for Seattle.Months later,Martha testifies at Eva's trial. After her testimony, the judge allows her to address the court, and shestates that Eva is not at fault for the death and that she does not blame her. Back home, she discoversthat the apple seeds she stored in her refrigerator have started to sprout. A month later, Martha scattersher daughter's ashes into the river from the bridge that Sean helped to build.Years later, a little girlclimbs an apple tree, picks an apple, and eats it. Martha calls her name, Lucianna, then helps her down.The two go inside together.CastProductionPlayThe play Pieces of a Woman was created by KornélMundruczó and Kata Wéber, a couple who experienced miscarriage during pregnancy. The couple did notinitially talk about their experience or process their grief, but Mundruczó read a scene written in Wéber'snotebook depicting a woman and her mother debate child loss and felt that it needed exploration. Wéber,who had already titled the scene \"Pieces of a Woman\", became the playwright after Mundruczóencouraged her to make a \"family drama\" from the scene; the play was originally performed at TRWarszawa in Warsaw, Poland. Following (Polish) Maja, her senile mother, and her Norwegian husband,the play contained two scenes: the childbirth and a family dinner in the aftermath. For BroadwayWorld,Filip Piotrowicz wrote that the scenes being performed in real time with real props (including a working"}
{"doc_id":"doc_285","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Servillano AquinoServillano Aquino y Aguilar (April 20, 1874 – February 3, 1959) was a Filipinogeneral during the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine–American War. He served as a delegate to theMalolos Congress and was the grandfather of Benigno S. \"Ninoy\" Aquino Jr. He is the great-grandfather ofBenigno Aquino III, the 15th President of the Philippines.Early life and educationAquino, known by hisnickname \"Mianong\", was born on April 20, 1874, to Don Braulio Aquino y Lacsamana and Doña PetronaAguilar y Henson. He had his early education from a private tutor in Mexico, Pampanga. He moved toManila and entered the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, and later, the University of SantoTomas.Philippine–American WarIn 1896, Aquino became a mason and joined the Katipunan. He was alsoelected mayor of Murcia, Tarlac and under General Francisco Macabulos, he organized the Filipinorevolutionary forces against the Americans. He was promoted to major but was defeated in the battle atMount Sinukuan or Mount Arayat in Arayat, Pampanga. After the Pact of Biak-na-Bato was signed, Aquinowas self-exiled to Hong Kong together with Emilio Aguinaldo and the revolutionary government afterreceiving 100,000 pesos from the Spanish government in exchange of their surrender. He returned to thePhilippines in 1898 and joined General Antonio Luna to fight against the American forces. Together theyattacked Manila but retreated to Mount Arayat. In September 1902, he surrendered and was jailed inBilibid Prison and sentenced to hang. However, United States President Theodore Roosevelt pardonedAquino after two years.Personal lifeHe married Guadalupe Quiambao, with whom he had three children,namely Gonzalo (born 1892), Benigno (1894–1947) and Amando (born 1896). Later, he married hissister-in-law, Belen Sanchez, and had a child with her, Herminio (born 1949).DeathAquino died of a heartattack on February 3, 1959.AncestrySee alsoList of people pardoned or granted clemency by thepresident of the United StatesPassage 2:Stanisław of MasoviaStanisław of Masovia (pl: Stanisławmazowiecki; 17 May 1501 – 8 August 1524), was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast in theMasovian branch. He was a Duke of Czersk, Warsaw, Liw, Zakroczym and Nur during 1503-1524 (underregency until 1518) jointly with his brother.He was the eldest son of Konrad III the Red and his third wifeAnna, a daughter of Mikolaj Radziwiłł the Old, Voivod of Vilnius and the first Grand Chancellor ofLithuania.LifeAfter the death of their father on 28 October 1503, Stanisław and his younger brotherJanusz III inherited his domains but, because they were minors, remained under the regency of theirmother.Most of the Masovian inheritance (except Czersk, which had already been given to Konrad III as ahereditary fief in 1495) was seriously threatened by the Kingdom of Poland at the time of Konrad III'sdeath, and was not secured in his sons' hands until 14 March 1504, when by a ruling of King Alexander,the young princes received their whole patrimony as a fief.Stanisław and his brother took the governmentin 1518, because of the constant riots of the local nobility. Despite this, Anna Radziwiłł retained the realpower in Masovia until her death in 1522. In the same year when they attained their majority, bothprinces attended the wedding of King Sigismund I the Old to Bona Sforza in Kraków.In 1519, fulfillingtheir duties as Polish vassals, Stanisław and Janusz III intervened in the Polish-Teutonic War, sendingauxiliary troops to the Polish King, and in the winter of 1519-1520 they personally captured several townsin Masuria. At the same time, Stanisław secretly entered into talks with the Teutonic Knights for aceasefire, which finally took place in December 1520, a few months before a peace treaty ended the warbetween Poland and the Teutonic Order.In their private lives, both Stanisław and his brother were heavilyinclined to drink and women; however, in order to continue his bloodline, in 1523 Stanisław startednegotiations for marriage with Princess Hedwig of Poland, only surviving daughter of King Sigismund Iand his first wife, Barbara Zápolya. The wedding never took place; one year later, and likely as a result ofhis dissolute lifestyle, Stanisław died on 8 August 1524. He was buried at St. John's Archcathedral,Warsaw.The sudden death of Stanisław, and that two years later of his younger brother Janusz III, wereconsidered suspicious at the time. The main suspect was a Płock lady called Katarzyna Radziejowska, whoafter being seduced and abandoned by both princes, was believed to have poisoned firstly Anna Radziwiłł,then Stanisław and finally Janusz III in revenge. Declared guilty, she and her supposed accomplice weretied naked to poles and beaten for hours, and finally burned alive. The hurry where the sentence was"}
{"doc_id":"doc_286","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Vadim VlasovVadim Nikolayevich Vlasov (Russian: Вадим Николаевич Власов; born 19December 1980) is a former Russian football player.Vlasov played in the Russian Premier League with FCLokomotiv Nizhny Novgorod.He is a younger brother of Dmitri Vlasov.Passage 2:Roshan Lal VermaRoshanLal Verma is an Indian politician and a member of the Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradeshin India. He represents the Tilhar constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the SamajwadiParty.Early life and educationRoshan Lal Verma was born in Shahjahanpur district. He attended theAdarsh School and is educated till eighth grade.Political careerRoshan Lal Verma has been a MLA for threeterm. He represented the Tilhar constituency and was a member of the  political party, Bahujan SamajParty. Later he joined Bhartiya Janta Party until 2021.In 2022 he joined Samajwadi Party.Members ofLegislative AssemblyHe was elected in 2007 as  Member, 15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh. Andre-elected in 2012 for 16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh and again in 2017 as Member, 17thLegislative AssemblyElectoral performanceSee alsoTilhar (Assembly constituency)Sixteenth LegislativeAssembly of Uttar PradeshUttar Pradesh Legislative AssemblyPassage 3:Vrindavan Lal VermaVrindavanLal verma (9 January 1889 – 23 February 1969) was a Hindi novelist and playwright. He was honouredwith Padma Bhushan for his literary works; Agra University presented him with honorary D. Lit. Hereceived Soviet Land Nehru Award and the government India also awarded him for his novel, Jhansi KiRani.Life and careerHe was drawn toward mythological and historical narratives from early childhood. Hismasterpiece, Mriganayani, set at the end of the 15th century in Gwalior, tells the legend of Man SinghTomar and his \"doe-eyed queen\" Mrignayani.His historical novels areGadh Kundar (1927)Virata kiPadmini (1930)Musahibju (1943)Jhansi ki Rani (1946)Kachnar (1947)Madavji Sindhia (1949)Tute Kante(1949)Mriganayani (1950)Bhuvan Vikram (1954)Ahilya Bai (1955)Rani DurgavatiLalitadityaVarma'ssocial novels includeSangam (1928)Lagan (1929)Pratyagat (1929)Kundali Chakra (1932)Prem ki Bheni(1939)Kabhi na Kabhi (1945)Achal Mera Koyi (1947)Rakhi ki Laj (1947)Sona (1947)Amar Bel (1952).Hisplays include an adaptation of his novel, Jhansi ki Rani, Hans Mayur (1950), Bans ki Phans (1950), PileHath (1950), Purva ki Aur (1951), Kevat (1951), Nilkanth (1951), Mangal Sutra (1952), Birbal (1953),and Lalit Vikram (1953).Varma wrote short stories also which have been published in seven volumes. Hisautobiography Apni Kahani has also been applauded.Passage 4:Manikya Lal VermaManikya Lal Verma(Born on 4 December 1897 in a Mathur kayastha family) was a member of Constituent Assembly of Indiain 1949. He was prime minister of Rajasthan, India before full formation of the state. He was elected toLok Sabha in 1957 from Chittorgarh and in 1952 from Tonk. He was recipient of Padma Bhushan in1965.He played pivotal role in Bijolia movement, a farmers agitation raised between 1919 and 1923 inBhilwara. He remained in prison for several years being a freedom fighter.  Verma was an untiring socialactivist. He played a vital role in promoting education among Tribes, other backward classes and womenin southern Rajasthan.  He founded Vimukt Janjaati sangh to promote social conditions of notified castes.This organisation established several hostels for notified caste students in Rajasthan. In Western borderdistrict's Simant (\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000) Chatrawas were established on his initiative.He died on 14 January1969. His wife Smt. Narayni Devi was a member of Rajya Sabha and son Deen Bandhu Verma was amember of Loksabha from Udaipur constituency. His son in law Shiv Charan Mathur was also ChiefMinister of Rajasthan for two terms.The Manikya Lal Verma Textile and Engineering College was namedafter him. A huge garden at bank of Pichola lake, Udaipur is also named behind him.Other details as perloksabha.nic.in ...Social and Political worker; Secretary, Vidya Pracharini Sabha, Bijolia (1916);Organised Peasant Satyagraha against taxes and forced labour in 1918; Imprisoned in 1919, also 1923,thrice in 1927 and again in 1931; Interned at Kumbhalgarh in 1932-33 and expelled from Udaipur Statein 1938 for establishing 'Praja Mandal' and conducting Satyagraha against the State and imprisoned againfor one year, 1939; Participated in 'Quit India Movement'; Chairman of Reception Committee, All IndiaStates' People's Conference, 1945; Chief Minister of Rajasthan, 1948–49; President, Rajasthan StateCongress Committee, 1951; Member, All India Congress Working Committee, 1952–54; President,Rajasthan Bhil Seva Mandal Vimukta Jati Sevak Sangh, 1954–55; Convener, All India Gadia Luhar"}
{"doc_id":"doc_287","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:SennedjemSennedjem was an Ancient Egyptian artisan who was active during the reigns ofSeti I and Ramesses II. He lived in Set Maat (translated as \"The Place of Truth\"), contemporary Deirel-Medina, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes. Sennedjem had the title \"Servant in the Placeof Truth\". He was buried along with his wife, Iyneferti, and members of his family in a tomb in the villagenecropolis. His tomb was discovered January 31, 1886. When Sennedjem's tomb was found, it containedfurniture from his home, including a stool and a bed, which he used when he was alive.His titles includedServant in the Place of Truth, meaning that he worked on the excavation and decoration of the nearbyroyal tombs.See alsoTT1 – (Tomb of Sennedjem, family and wife)Passage 2:ThadThad is a masculinegiven name, often a short form (hypocorism) of Thaddeus. It may refer to:Thad Allen (born 1949), UnitedStates Coast Guard admiralThad Altman (born 1955), American politicianThad Balkman (born 1971),American politician, lawyer, and judgeThaddeus Thad Bingel, American educator and politicalconsultantThaddis Thad Bosley (born 1956), American baseball playerThaddeus Thad F. Brown(1902–1970), American police chiefThad Busby (born 1974), American football playerThaddeus ThadCarhart (born 1950), American writerThad Castle, character in the TV series Blue Mountain StateWilliamThad Cochran (1937–2019), United States Senator from MississippiThad Cockrell, Americansinger-songwriterThaddeus Thad A. Eure (1899–1993), American politicianThad McIntosh Guyer (born1950), American lawyerThad Heartfield (1940–2022), American lawyer and federal judgeThaddeus ThadHutcheson (1915–1986), American attorney and politicianThad J. Jakubowski (1924–2013), AmericanRoman Catholic bishopThad Jaracz (born 1946), American basketball playerThaddeus Thad Jones(1923–1986), American jazz trumpeter and bandleaderThad Krasnesky (fl. 2000s–2020s), Americanchildren's authorThad Levine (born 1971), American baseball executiveThaddeus Thad Lewis (born1987), American football playerThaddeus Thad Luckinbill (born 1975), American actor and filmproducerThad Matta (born 1967), American men's basketball coachThad McArthur (born 1928), AmericanOlympic modern pentathleteThad McClammy (1942–2021), American politicianThaddus Thad McFadden(American football) (born 1962), American football playerThaddus Thad McFadden (basketball) (born1987), American basketball playerThaddeus Thad Moffitt (born 2000), American racing driverThaddeusThad Mumford (1951–2018), American television writer and producerThaddeus Thad Spencer(1943–2013), American heavyweight boxerThad Starner (fl. 1980s–2010s), American computerscientistThaddeus Thad Stem Jr. (1916–1980), American author and poetThaddeus Stevens(1792–1868), United States Representative from PennsylvaniaRobert Thaddeus R. Thad Taylor(1925–2006), American theatre directorThaddeus Thad Tillotson (1940–2012), American baseballpitcherThad Vann (1907–1982), American football player and coachThad Viers (born 1978), AmericanpoliticianThad Vreeland Jr. (1924–2010), American materials scientistThad Weber (born 1984), Americanbaseball pitcherPassage 3:Where Was I\"Where Was I?\" may refer to:Books\"Where Was I?\", essay byDavid Hawley Sanford from The Mind's IWhere Was I?, book by John Haycraft 2006Where was I?!, bookby Terry Wogan 2009Film and TVWhere Was I? (film), 1925 film directed by William A. Seiter. WithReginald Denny, Marian Nixon, Pauline Garon, Lee Moran.Where Was I? (2001 film), biography aboutsongwriter Tim RoseWhere Was I? (TV series) 1952–1953 Quiz show with the panelists attempting toguess a location by looking at photos\"Where Was I?\" episode of Shoestring (TV series) 1980Music\"Wherewas I\", song by W. Franke Harling and Al Dubin performed by Ruby Newman and His Orchestra  withvocal chorus by  Larry Taylor and Peggy McCall  1939\"Where Was I\", single from Charley Pridediscography 1988\"Where Was I\" (song), a 1994 song by Ricky Van Shelton\"Where Was I (Donde EstuveYo)\", song by Joe Pass from Simplicity (Joe Pass album)\"Where Was I?\", song by Guttermouth from TheAlbum Formerly Known as a Full Length LP (Guttermouth album)\"Where Was I\", song by Sawyer Brown(Billy Maddox, Paul Thorn, Anne Graham) from Can You Hear Me Now 2002\"Where Was I?\",song  by  Kenny Wayne Shepherd from Live On  1999\"Where Was I\", song by Melanie Laine (VictoriaBanks, Steve Fox) from Time Flies (Melanie Laine album)\"Where Was I\", song by Rosie Thomas from WithLove (Rosie Thomas album)Passage 4:Lydia Hamilton SmithLydia Hamilton Smith (February 14, 1813 –"}
{"doc_id":"doc_288","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Sun LuyuSun Luyu (died August or September 255), courtesy name Xiaohu, was an imperial princess of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. She was the younger daughter of Sun Quan, the founding emperor of Wu, and his concubine Bu Lianshi. She is also referred to as Princess Zhu (\u0000\u0000\u0000/\u0000\u0000) because of her marriage to Zhu Ju.LifeSun Luyu was the younger daughter of Sun Quan, the founding emperor of Eastern Wu, and his concubine Bu Lianshi. She had an elder sister, Sun Luban. The sisters' courtesy names, Xiaohu (\u0000\u0000) and Dahu (\u0000\u0000), respectively mean \"small tiger\" and \"big tiger\". Sun Luyu initially married Zhu Ju, a general who briefly served as the fifth Imperial Chancellor of Wu. She and Zhu Ju had a daughter, who married Sun Quan's sixth son, Sun Xiu, who was also a half-brother of Sun Luyu.In the 240s, a power struggle broke out between two of Sun Quan's sons – Sun He, the Crown Prince and Sun Ba, the Prince of Lu – with both of them fighting over the position of Crown Prince. The power struggle had a polarising effect on Sun Quan's subjects; two opposing factions, each supporting either Sun He or Sun Ba, emerged from among them. During this time, Sun Luyu's husband Zhu Ju supported Sun He, while Sun Luyu's sister Sun Luban and her husband Quan Cong sided with Sun Ba. When Sun Luban tried to get Sun Luyu to support Sun Ba, Sun Luyu refused and became estranged from her sister as a result.In 250, the power struggle came to an end when Sun Quan forced Sun Ba to commit suicide and deposed Sun He from his position as Crown Prince. Many of the officials involved in the power struggle were executed, exiled or removed from office. Sun Luyu's husband, Zhu Ju, was demoted and reassigned to a new post in Xindu Commandery (\u0000\u0000\u0000; around present-day Chun'an County, Zhejiang). While Zhu Ju was en route to Xindu Commandery, Sun Hong (\u0000\u0000), one of Sun Ba's supporters, took advantage of Sun Quan's poor health to issue a fake imperial decree ordering Zhu Ju to commit suicide. Zhu Ju thought that the decree was genuine so he killed himself as ordered. The general Liu Zuan (\u0000\u0000) had previously married Sun Quan's second daughter (a half-sister of Sun Luban and Sun Luyu), but she died early, so Sun Quan arranged for him to marry the widowed Sun Luyu.In August or September 255 during Sun Liang's reign, Sun Yi (\u0000\u0000) and others plotted to overthrow the regent Sun Jun, but were discovered and executed before they could carry out their plan. Sun Luban, who had a secret affair with Sun Jun after her husband Quan Cong died in 249, seized the opportunity to falsely accuse her estranged sister Sun Luyu of being involved in the plot. Sun Jun believed Sun Luban and had Sun Luyu arrested and executed. She was buried at Shizigang (\u0000\u0000\u0000; literally \"stones hill\"), a hill in present-day Yuhuatai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu.Postmortem eventsAfter Sun Jun died in 256, his cousin Sun Chen succeeded him as the regent for the Wu emperor Sun Liang. Sometime between 256 and 258, Sun Liang suspected that Sun Luban had something to do with Sun Luyu's death, so he summoned his half-sister and questioned her. A fearful Sun Luban lied to him, \"I really don't know. I heard it from Zhu Ju's sons, Zhu Xiong (\u0000\u0000) and Zhu Sun (\u0000\u0000).\" Sun Liang thought that Zhu Xiong and Zhu Sun betrayed Sun Luyu to Sun Jun – especially since Zhu Sun married Sun Jun's younger sister – so he ordered Ding Feng to execute Zhu Xiong and Zhu Sun.In 258, Sun Chen deposed Sun Liang and replaced him with Sun Xiu, Sun Quan's sixth son, as the third emperor of Wu. Sun Xiu's wife, Lady Zhu, was the daughter of Zhu Ju and Sun Luyu. On 18 January 259, Sun Xiu staged a coup d'état against the regent Sun Chen, succeeded in ousting him from power, and ordered Sun Chen and his entire family to be executed. Sun Xiu also had Sun Jun's dead body unearthed and stripped of the honours accorded to him, and posthumously rehabilitated the people who were executed during Sun Jun and Sun Chen's regencies. Sun Luyu was one of them.Sometime between 6 November and 5 December 264, Sun Hao, the fourth emperor of Wu, ordered Sun Luyu's remains to be unearthed and reburied with honours befitting her status as a princess. The Soushen Ji recorded an account as follows: [Sun Hao] wanted to have [Sun Luyu]'s remains unearthed and properly reburied, but the graves all looked the same and he could not tell which was hers. Some palace servants claimed they could remember the clothes she wore when she died, so [Sun Hao] ordered two shamans to separately summon her spirit and observe closely. After some time, the shamans saw a woman in her 30s dressed in purple and white, wearing a blue patterned headpiece and red silk shoes. She walked up the hill to the middle, placed her hands on her knees and sighed, and stopped there for a while before walking "}
{"doc_id":"doc_289","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Christopher LawfordChristopher Kennedy Lawford (March 29, 1955 – September 4, 2018) wasan American author, actor, and activist. He was a member of the prominent Kennedy family, and son ofEnglish actor Peter Lawford and Patricia \"Pat\" Kennedy Lawford, who was a sister of President John F.Kennedy.  He graduated from Tufts University in 1977 and earned a Juris Doctor degree from BostonCollege in 1983. He later earned a master's certificate in Clinical Psychology from Harvard University andwas a lecturer on drug addiction.After struggling with addiction for 17 years, he became an actor,performing in several movies and television shows for over 20 years.  He wrote several books, based onhis own experience, about addiction and recovery.  He also traveled around the U.S. speaking about hisexperiences with addiction for 20 years, and was a public health campaigner, working with organizationslike the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations (UN), and for the U.S. federalgovernment.Early life and educationLawford was born on March 29, 1955, at Saint John's Health Centerin Santa Monica, California .  He was named for Saint Christopher and because his mother liked thename.: p. 1   He was the eldest child and only son of actor and \"Rat Pack\" member Peter Lawford(1923–1984) and Patricia \"Pat\" Kennedy Lawford (1924–2006), who was President John F. Kennedy'ssister. His three younger sisters were Sydney Lawford McKelvy (born 1956), Victoria Pender (born 1958),and Robin Lawford (born 1961).  Lawford described himself as a \"second-string Kennedy\" because he didnot get as much attention as his cousins.  His parents divorced in 1966; Patricia Lawford moved fromCalifornia to New York City with her son and daughters.Before his parents' divorce, Lawford attended St.Martin of Tours Elementary School in Los Angeles, where at the age of 8, he was informed about his uncleJohn F. Kennedy's assassination.  After moving to New York City with his mother, he attended theMiddlesex School, a prep school in Concord, Massachusetts. He graduated from Tufts University in 1977and earned a J.D. degree from Boston College Law School in 1983.  He later earned a master's certificatein Clinical Psychology from Harvard University, and lectured on drug addiction at Harvard, ColumbiaUniversity, and other colleges.Drug and legal issuesIn 1969, the year after his uncle Robert F. Kennedywas assassinated, when Lawford was 14, he was introduced to LSD by his peers at school.: p. 110   Hewas addicted to alcohol, cocaine, uppers, downers, and \"any other drugs he could buy\" for the next 17years.  During that time, he was \"in and out of hospitals and arrested three times\", including in 1980,  forimpersonating a doctor in Aspen, Colorado in order to purchase prescription medication. The chargeswere later dropped when Lawford completed his probation.  In 2000, Lawford was diagnosed withhepatitis C, which he contracted due to his years of drug use.Lawford briefly attended Fordham LawSchool, but dropped out after a few months due to his dependency on heroin.  In April 1984, the sameyear his father Peter Lawford died at the age of 61, after years of alcohol and drug abuse, Lawford'scousin and best friend David Kennedy, and third oldest son of Robert Kennedy, who also battledsubstance abuse issues, died of a drug overdose at the age of 28. David's death prompted Lawford toseek professional help for his issues.  In 1986, at the age of 30, Lawford entered rehab and got treatmentfor his drug addiction, and remained clean and sober until his death in 2018.CareerActingLawford choseto become, like his father, an actor in the mid-1980s, after realizing that a law career would not suithim.  He performed in commercials in Boston for two years, and then he and his wife moved to SouthernCalifornia in 1988 so that he could pursue an acting career.  He worked in film and television for over 20years.  His acting credits included the sitcom Frasier and the drama The O.C. .  In 2003, he had a briefstint on the soap opera General Hospital, but was best known for playing Philip “Charlie” Brent, Jr. on AllMy Children from 1992 to 1995.Lawford had small roles in films such as The Russia House, a 1990 spythriller co-starring Michelle Pfeiffer and Sean Connery, and the 1991 rock-music film The Doors, whichwas directed by Oliver Stone.  Lawford played a Navy officer in the 2000 film Thirteen Days, a dramaabout the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.  In 1997, Lawford had a role in the independent comedy Kiss MeGuido as the gay lover of the main character.  He also had a small role in Terminator 3: Rise of theMachines, co-starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, who directed Lawford in a 1990 episode of the HBOanthology series Tales from the Crypt (\"The Switch\") and was married to Lawford's cousin Maria Shriver"}
{"doc_id":"doc_290","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Shari RomanShari Roman is an American artist, author, screenwriter anddirector.BiographyOriginally commissioned by John Pierson for his Independent Film Channel (USA)program  Split Screen, Roman's first short film, Lars from 1-10 about Danish Dogme film maker Lars vonTrier won a slot at the Sundance Film Festival in 1999 and went on to screen at Edinburgh, London, LosAngeles, Tokyo, NYC's Museum of Modern Art, on television and in cinemas worldwide. She has directed aseries of shorts, pop promos and additional docs  on filmmakers, including British director Mike Figgis andcinematographer Anthony Dod Mantle.  Along with the four original Dogme films; \"Celebration,\" \"TheIdiots,\" \"Mifune\" and \"The King is Alive,\"  two of her short films were selected for 2005's  official Dogme'95 DVD collection, celebrating the 10th anniversary of von Trier's filmmaking manifesto. She was namedone of the \"Top 25 New Faces In Independent Film\" by Filmmaker Magazine.Her book on approaches tonew cinema, Digital Babylon: Hollywood, Indiewood and Dogme '95 was published in 2001 by Lone EaglePublishing, and reissued by HCD/The Hollywood Reporter in 2003 and 2007.  Her essay on von Trier, TheMan Who Would Be Dogme, was published in the 2003 collection, Lars von Trier: Interviews by theUniversity Press of Mississippi, as part of their Conversations with Filmmakers Series. Her fiction hasappeared in Veneer Magazine,  writings on cinema, music and art have been seen in numerouspublications, including British Vogue, Mojo, The Guardian, The Independent and Time Out London. Forthe cover of Filmmaker Magazine (USA) she wrote The Genius of the System, a profile of multi-mediaartist Matthew Barney under a National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) grant.MiscellaneousShe 'sings' onGreg Weeks's 2008 solo album.DeathOn October 4, 2009, Filmmaker Magazine reported that ShariRoman had died on September 9, 2009 at Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York after a brief illness.See alsoTheSpotPassage 2:Stately Wayne ManorErnie Santilli is an American writer, musician and performer betterknown under the pen name of Stately Wayne Manor. He is best known for his participation in professionalwrestling as the longtime magazine columnist for Power Slam and WrestlingWorld.CareerMusicSelf-taught, Manor became competent in songwriting, synthesizer, drum set andrelated percussion instruments, harmonica, vocals and electric bass. He performed in a publicdemonstration with synthesizer inventor Dr. Robert Moog. He also wrote three articles for ModernDrummer magazine.Stately is one of the \"Sigma Kids,\" a group of eleven (among dozens) of David Bowiedevotees who kept a ten-day vigil outside the studio and band's hotel during the recording of YoungAmericans rewarded afterwards with an exclusive listening party hosted by Bowie, as documented inRolling Stone magazine.  In 2007, a special CD/DVD re-release of the album features Manor visible infour photos in the enclosed booklet.  Photos from the event also appear in books about Bowie and theoriginal supermodel, Gia, as well as on the SWM website ‘Photos’ archive.  The May 2014 issue of Britain'sMojo magazine, in an article chronicling the YA sessions, featured two photos from said booklet, includinga never-before-released color version of one, capturing Stately in the foreground. The same photo ran inthe September 2016 editing of Wax Poetics magazine. Inspired by the Sigma experience, Manorassembled a short-lived band, recruiting bassist Gail Ann Dorsey.In the latter half of the Seventies,Stately became deeply immersed in the emerging punk rock music scene.  He was a regular andoccasional performer at Philadelphia's Hot Club and frequented NYC venues such as CBGB and Max'sKansas City, regularly sleeping on the couch of future recording-engineer superstar Bob Clearmountainwhile in New York. Manor was also slated to drum behind former Sex Pistol Sid Vicious on the Philly dateof the latter's aborted \"solo tour.\"  Additionally, he wrote the liner notes for the aborted Cheetah Chromedebut solo album on Polish Records.  (Stately did receive a 'Thank You' on that label's release \"Siren\" byRonnie Spector.)Professional wrestlingManor later regained interest in a childhood hobby, professionalwrestling, and was particularly drawn towards the \"heel\" (‘bad guy’) characters.Manor eventually brokeinto the sport as a feature writer in 1984 and, in 1986, as a pro-heel columnist for Wrestling Worldmagazine. Manor expanded into color commentating, managing grapplers, performing in-ring skits andghostwriting wisecracks for the performers. Manor was a color commentator for the ECW promotion (intheir pre-Extreme days).  He is also the first American magazine writer to give international exposure to"}
{"doc_id":"doc_291","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Henry Moore (cricketer)Henry Walter Moore (1849 – 20 August 1916) was an English-bornfirst-class cricketer who spent most of his life in New Zealand.Life and familyHenry Moore was born inCranbrook, Kent, in 1849. He was the son of the Reverend Edward Moore and Lady Harriet Janet SarahMontagu-Scott, who was one of the daughters of the 4th Duke of Buccleuch. One of his brothers, Arthur,became an admiral and was knighted. Their great grandfather was John Moore, Archbishop of Canterburyfrom 1783 to 1805. One of their sisters was a maid of honour to Queen Victoria.Moore went to NewZealand in the 1870s and lived in Geraldine and Christchurch. He married Henrietta Lysaght of Hāwera inNovember 1879, and they had one son. In May 1884 she died a few days after giving birth to a daughter,who also died.In 1886 Moore became a Justice of the Peace in Geraldine. In 1897 he married Alice Fish ofGeraldine. They moved to England four years before his death in 1916.Cricket careerMoore was aright-handed middle-order batsman. In consecutive seasons, 1876–77 and 1877–78, playing forCanterbury, he made the highest score in the short New Zealand first-class season: 76 and 75respectively. His 76 came in his first match for Canterbury, against Otago. He went to the wicket early onthe first day with the score at 7 for 2 and put on 99 for the third wicket with Charles Corfe before he wasout with the score at 106 for 3 after a \"very fine exhibition of free hitting, combined with good defence\".Canterbury were all out for 133, but went on to win the match. His 75 came in the next season's matchagainst Otago, when he took the score from 22 for 2 to 136 for 6. The New Zealand cricket historian TomReese said, \"Right from the beginning he smote the bowling hip and thigh, going out of his ground toindulge in some forceful driving.\" Canterbury won again.Moore led the batting averages in the CanterburyCricket Association in 1877–78 with 379 runs at an average of 34.4. Also in 1877–78, he was a memberof the Canterbury team that inflicted the only defeat on the touring Australians. In 1896–97, at the age of47, he top-scored in each innings for a South Canterbury XVIII against the touring Queensland cricketteam.Passage 2:Wale AdebanwiWale Adebanwi (born 1969) is a Nigerian-born first Black RhodesProfessor at St Antony's College, Oxford where he was, until June 2021, a Professor of Race Relations,and the Director of the African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, and a GoverningBoard Fellow. He is currently a Presidential Penn Compact Professor of Africana Studies at the Universityof Pennsylvania. Adebanwi's research focuses on a range of topics in the areas of social change,nationalism and ethnicity, race relations, identity politics, elites and cultural politics, democratic process,newspaper press and spatial politics in Africa.Education backgroundWale Adebanwi graduated with a firstdegree in Mass Communication from the University of Lagos, and later earned his M.Sc. and Ph.D. inPolitical Science from the University of Ibadan. He also has an MPhil. and a Ph.D. in Social Anthropologyfrom the University of Cambridge.CareerAdebanwi worked as a freelance reporter, writer, journalist andeditor for many newspapers and magazines before he joined the University of Ibadan's Department ofPolitical Science as a lecturer and researcher. He was later appointed as an assistant professor in theAfrican American and African Studies Department of the University of California, Davis, USA. He becamea full professor at UC Davis in 2016.Adebanwi is the co-editor of Africa: Journal of the InternationalAfrican Institute and the Journal of Contemporary African Studies.WorksHis published worksinclude:Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politics of Meaning (University ofRochester Press, 2016)Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo and CorporateAgency (Cambridge University Press, 2014)Authority Stealing: Anti-corruption War and DemocraticPolitics in Post-Military Nigeria (Carolina Academic Press, 2012)In addition, he is the editor and co-editorof other books, including.The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa: Beyond the Margins (JamesCurrey Publishers, 2017)Writers and Social Thought in Africa (Routledge, 2016)(co-edited with EbenezerObadare) Governance and the Crisis of Rule in Contemporary Africa (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)(co-editedwith Ebenezer Obadare) Democracy and Prebendalism in Nigeria: Critical Interpretations (PalgraveMacmillan, 2013).(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Nigeria at Fifty: The Nation in Narration (Routledge,2012)(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Encountering the Nigerian State (Palgrave Macmillan,2010).AwardsRhodes Professorship in Race Relations awarded by Oxford University to Faculty of African"}
{"doc_id":"doc_292","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Ma che freddo fa\"Ma che freddo fa\" is a 1969 song composed by Claudio Mattone (music) and Franco Migliacci (lyrics).  The song premiered at the 19th edition of the Sanremo Music Festival with a double performance of Nada and The Rokes, placing at the fifth place. The first verses include a citation of Donovan's \"Laléna\". Nada's version was a massive success, selling about one million copies, mainly in the Italian and Spanish markets.The song was later covered by numerous artists, including Mina, Giusy Ferreri, Renzo Arbore, Piccola Orchestra Avion Travel, and, with the title \"Et pourtant j'ai froid\", Dalida.Track listingNada version7\" single - TL 19\"Ma che freddo fa\" (Claudio Mattone, Franco Migliacci)\"Una rondine bianca\" (Claudio Mattone)The Rokes version7\" single - AN 4172\"Ma che freddo fa\" (Claudio Mattone, Franco Migliacci)\"Per te, per me\" (Shel Shapiro, Franco Migliacci)CertificationsPassage 2:Walter Robinson (composer)Walter Robinson is an American composer of the late 20th century. He is most notable for his 1977 song Harriet Tubman, which has been recorded by folk musicians such as Holly Near, John McCutcheon, and others.  He is also the composer of several operas.Passage 3:Xu ShaofaXu Shaofa (Hsu Shao-Fa) (born 1947), is a male former international table tennis player from China.Table tennis careerHe won a gold medal at the 1975 World Table Tennis Championships  with Li Zhenshi, Liang Geliang, Lu Yuansheng and Li Peng as part of the Chinese team. In addition he won a silver medal in 1973.See alsoList of table tennis playersList of World Table Tennis Championships medalistsPassage 4:Alonso MudarraAlonso Mudarra (c. 1510 – April 1, 1580) was a Spanish composer of the Renaissance, and also played the vihuela, a guitar-shaped string instrument.  He was an innovative composer of instrumental music as well as songs, and was the composer of the earliest surviving music for the guitar.BiographyThe place of his birth is not recorded, but he grew up in Guadalajara, and probably received his musical training there.  He most likely went to Italy in 1529 with Charles V, in the company of the fourth Duke of the Infantado, Íñigo López de Mendoza, marqués de Santillana.  When he returned to Spain he became a priest, receiving the post of canon at the cathedral in Seville in 1546, where he remained for the rest of his life.  While at the cathedral, he directed all of the musical activities; many records remain of his musical activities there, which included hiring instrumentalists, buying and assembling a new organ, and working closely with composer Francisco Guerrero for various festivities.  Mudarra died in Seville, and his sizable fortune was distributed to the poor of the city according to his will.Mudarra wrote numerous pieces for the vihuela and the four-course guitar, all contained in the collection Tres libros de musica en cifras para vihuela (\"Three books of music in numbers for vihuela\"), which he published on December 7, 1546 in Seville.  These three books contain the first music ever published for the four-course guitar, which was then a relatively new instrument. The second book is noteworthy in that it contains eight multi-movement works, all arranged by \" tono\", or mode.Compositions represented in this publication include fantasias, variations (including a set on La Folia), tientos, pavanes and galliards, and songs. Modern listeners are probably most familiar with his Fantasia X, which has been a concert and recording mainstay for many years.   The songs are in Latin, Spanish and Italian, and include romances, canciones (songs), villancicos, (popular songs) and sonetos (sonnets).  Another innovation was the use of different signs for different tempos:  slow, medium, and fast.References and further readingJohn Griffiths: \"Alonso Mudarra\", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed March 24, 2005), (subscription access)Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance.  New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954.  ISBN 0-393-09530-4Guitar Music of the Sixteenth Century, Mel Bay Publications (transcribed by Keith Calmes)The Eight Masterpieces of Alonso Mudarra, Mel Bay Publications (transcribed by Keith Calmes)Fantasia VI in hypermedia (Shockwave Player required) at the BinAural Collaborative HypertextJacob Heringman and Catherine King: \"Alonso Mudarra songs and solos\". Magnatune.com (http://www.magnatune.com/artists/albums/heringman-mudarra/hifi_play)External linksFree scores by Alonso Mudarra in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)Free scores by Alonso Mudarra at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)Passage 5:Wang Chien-faWang Chien-fa (Chinese: \u0000\u0000\u0000; pinyin: Wáng Qiánfā; born 19 March 1949) is a politician in Taiwan. He was the Magistrate of Penghu County from 20 December 2005 until 25 December 2014.EducationWang obtained his bachelor's degree from the Department of Public Administration at National Open University.Penghu "}
{"doc_id":"doc_293","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Eleanor of Aragon, Countess of ToulouseEleanor of Aragon, Countess of Toulouse (1182–1226)was a daughter of King Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile.She married Raymond VI, Count ofToulouse.LifeAccording to the Ex Gestis Comitum Barcinonensium, she was the second daughter andfourth of nine children of the troubadour king, Alfonso II of Aragon and his wife Sancha of Castile. Shehad for older brothers Pierre II the Catholic and Alphonse II, Count of Provence and Forcalquier, and forsisters Constance, first queen of Hungary, then empress by her marriage with Frederick II, and Sancie,countess of Toulouse.According to the Crónica of San Juan de la Peña, her brother Peter II sealed theunion of Eleanor, with Raymond VI of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne and Marquis of Provence, in order toput an end to the dissensions with the counts of Toulouse.Raymond VI was the eldest son of Raymond Vand Constance of France, daughter of King Louis VI and Adelaide de Maurienne. Eleanor was RaymondVI's 6th wife, having divorced an unknown daughter and sole heiress of Emperor Isaac Komnenos ofCyprus just two years earlier. Raymond and Eleanor did not have children.By this marriage she becamecountess of Toulouse which would suffer the pangs of the war and the Albigensian Crusade, in thefollowing years. The crusade was initiated by Pope Innocent III and headed by the French Crown againstToulouse and Catharism.Passage 2:Maria of Aragon, Queen of CastileMaria of Aragon ((1403-02-24)24February 1403 – (1445-02-18)18 February 1445) was the Queen of Castile as the first wife of King JohnII from their marriage in 1420 until her death in 1445. She was the daughter of Ferdinand I of Aragonand Eleanor of Alburquerque.LifeMaria was married by her brother in his ambition to place his father'sissue on the thrones of Castile and Aragon. The marriage took place in simplicity. Maria was occasionallypolitically active on behalf of her brothers, the princes of Aragon; she disregarded her husband's policy infavor of her brothers and the relationship between Maria and John was somewhat tense.After her deathon 18 February 1445, her husband married Isabella of Portugal and they became the parents of Isabella Iof Castile. Maria has no descendants today, her line having gone extinct within a few decades of herdeath.ChildrenMaria and John II of Castile had four children:Catherine, Princess of Asturias((1422-10-05)5 October 1422–(1424-09-17)17 September 1424).Eleanor, Princess of Asturias((1423-09-10)10 September 1423–(1425-08-22)22 August 1425).Henry IV of Castile ((1425-01-05)5January 1425–(1474-12-11)11 December 1474). First married Blanche II of Navarre and later marriedJoan of Portugal.Infanta Maria (c. 1428–c. 1429).AncestryPassage 3:Sancha of LeónSancha of León (c.1018 – 8 November 1067) was a princess and queen of León. She was married to Ferdinand I, the Countof Castile who later became King of León after having killed Sancha's brother in battle. She and herhusband commissioned the Crucifix of Ferdinand and Sancha.LifeSancha was a daughter of Alfonso V ofLeón by his first wife, Elvira Menéndez. She became a secular abbess of the Monastery of San Pelayo.In1029, a political marriage was arranged between her and count García Sánchez of Castile. However,having traveled to León for the marriage, García was assassinated by a group of disgruntled vassals. In1032, Sancha was married to García's nephew and successor, Ferdinand I of Castile, when the latter was11 years old.At the Battle of Tamarón in 1037 Ferdinand killed Sancha's brother Bermudo III of León,making Sancha the heir and allowing Ferdinand to have himself crowned King of León. Sancha's ownposition as queen of León is unclear and contradictory. She succeeded to the throne of León as the heir ofher brother and in her \"own right\" but despite this, she is not clearly referred to as queen regnant, andafter the death of her husband the throne passed to her son, despite the fact that she was stillalive.Following Ferdinand's death in 1065 and the division of her husband's kingdom, she is said to haveplayed the futile role of peacemaker among her sons.She was a devout Catholic, who, with her husband,commissioned the crucifix that bears their name as a gift for the Basilica of San Isidoro.ChildrenSanchahad five children:Urraca of ZamoraSancho II of León and CastileElvira of ToroAlfonso VI of León andCastileGarcía II of GaliciaDeath and burialShe died in the city of León on 8 November 1067. She wasinterred in the Royal Pantheon of the Basilica of San Isidoro, along with her parents, brother, husband,and her children Elvira, Urraca and García.The following Latin inscription was carved in the tomb in whichwere deposited the remains of Queen Sancha:\"H. R. SANCIA REGINA TOTIUS HISPANIAE, MAGNI REGIS"}
{"doc_id":"doc_294","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Lifted BellsLifted Bells are an American rock band from Chicago, Illinois. The band consists ofmembers of the bands Their/They're/There, Braid, and Stay Ahead of the Weather.CareerLifted Bellsbegan in 2013 with the release of a self-titled EP, via Naked Ally Records. In 2014, Lifted Bells releasedtheir second EP titled Lights Out via Naked Ally. In 2016, Lifted Bells signed to Run For Cover Records andreleased their third EP titled Overreactor.DiscographyEPsLifted Bells (2013, Naked Ally)Lights Out (2014,Naked Ally)Overreactor (2016, Run For Cover)Minor Tantrums (2018, Run For Cover)Passage 2:Tri-State(band)Tri-State is an American rock band from New Jersey.AboutTri-State is a four-piece jangle pop andindie rock band from Maplewood, New Jersey, that formed in 2010, consisting of vocalist and guitaristJulian Brash, drummer Brady McNamara, bassist and vocalist Scott Stemmermann and vocalist andguitarist Jeff Zelevansky. Their music is described as \"jangle-pop\" and \"guitar-based rock'n'roll,\" and theydraw comparison to the groups R.E.M., Dinosaur Jr., Eleventh Dream Day, and the artist Neil Young. Theyself-released the six-track EP, entitled Tri-State, on May 24, 2016. A review of the EP by Jim Testa inJersey Beat says \"this is a terrific record [...] that neatly draws inspiration from Nineties alterna-rockwithout sounding dated or derivative. The guitars rumble and roar, the drumming always keeps thingsmoving forward, and the vocals and lyrics bring a perspective you just don't find in younger bands.\"Independent Clauses writes \"Tri-State's tunes unfold in pleasing ways[,] creat[ing] an ominous mood thatbuilds and builds,\" adding that \"if you're into '90s indie-rock or mature songwriting that appreciates withmultiple listens, give [Tri State] a spin.\" Tri-State signed with Mint 400 Records in 2014.Mint 400RecordsThat year they contributed the song \"Take a Bow\" for the compilation, Patchwork, and a renditionof \"Carrie Anne\" for the 2015 compilation, 1967. Tri-State released two singles \"New Minuits\" and \"TitanicBrothers,\" on September 21, 2015. They performed at the 2016 North Jersey Indie Rock Festival. Theirsecond EP, the five-track We Did What We Could Do, was released with Mint 400 Records, on October 22,2016. Bob Makin of Courier News describes the EP as \"pop hooks, vocal harmonies, driving beats, andintricate, intertwined guitars with intelligent [and] probing lyrics.\" It was listed in Jersey Beat's Top LocalReleases\" of 2016. The lead track \"Summer Nun\" appears on the compilation album, NJ / NYMixtape.DiscographyLP\"Hey Pal\" (2019)EPsDoom Loop (2021)Tri-State (2013)We Did What We Could Do(2016)Singles\"New Minuits / Titanic Brothers\" (2015)Appearing onPatchwork (2014)1967 (2015)NJ / NYMixtape (2018)Passage 3:The M'sThe M's is an American indie rock band from Chicago.HistoryThe M'swere formed in 2000 by Josh Chicoine, Joey King, Steve Versaw and Robert Hicks. Chicoine, King andVersaw met in the winter of 1999 and began collaborating in a makeshift studio in Chicago's Bucktownneighborhood in which the short lived group, Sanoponic, was formed. After Sanoponic's dissolution, theybegan working on new material with Hicks who had the name The M's in mind for a new project. Theirdebut EP appeared in 2002 on Brilliante Records, followed by a full-length in 2004. They signed withPolyvinyl Record Co. for their 2006 and 2008 releases. Glenn Rischke joined the group in 2008 for therelease of their last recording to date \"Real Close Ones\". The group decided to go into \"a long hiatus\" onMarch 6, 2009. In 2011, The M's released a digital-only EP \"The Personal Touch\" on Movings label,recorded collaboratively with electronic trio from Chicago TV Pow.MembersJosh Chicoine - vocals,guitarSteve Versaw - drumsJoey King - vocals, bassRobert Hicks - vocals, guitarGlenn Rischke -Keyboards, percussion (Joined 2008/2009)DiscographyThe M's EP (Brillante Records, 2002)The M's LP(Brillante, 2004)Split with Dr. Dog (Polyvinyl Record Co., 2006)Future Women (Polyvinyl, 2006)RealClose Ones (Polyvinyl, 2008)The Personal Touch with TV Pow (Movings, 2011)Passage 4:KnucklePuckKnuckle Puck is an American rock band, formed in 2010 in the suburbs of Chicago, Illinois. The groupreleased several EPs, one of which, While I Stay Secluded (2014), peaked at number 5 on theHeatseekers Albums chart. The band released a split EP with the UK band Neck Deep. The group signedto Rise in 2014 and released its debut album, Copacetic, through the label in 2015.The band's namecomes from the \"knucklepuck\" shot in ice hockey, which was popularized by the 1994 film D2: The MightyDucks.HistoryFormation and early releases (2010–2014)Knuckle Puck started out covering songs in fall2010 in the outskirts of Chicago. The band got its name from a Stick to Your Guns t-shirt that said"}
{"doc_id":"doc_295","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Marzuban ibn Muhammad ibn ShaddadMarzuban ibn Muhammad ibn Shaddad was a Kurdish ruler, the brother of Lashkari ibn Muhammad. He succeeded his brother to the throne of the Shaddadids in 978. He was incompetent, however, and reigned only until his murder by his younger brother Fadl ibn Muhammad in 985.SourcesMinorsky, Vladimir (1977) [1953]. Studies in Caucasian History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-05735-3.Peacock, Andrew (2011). \"SHADDADIDS\". Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition.Passage 2:Shabbir MuhammadShabbir Muhammad (born 3 March 1978) is a Pakistani field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 2004 Summer Olympics.Passage 3:Maria al-QibtiyyaMāriyya bint Sham\u0000ūn (Arabic: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000), better known as Māriyyah al-Qib\u0000iyyah or al-Qub\u0000iyya (Arabic: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000), or Maria the Copt, died 637, was an Egyptian woman who, along with her sister Sirin bint Shamun, was sent to the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 628 as a gift by Al-Muqawqis, a Christian governor of Alexandria, during the territory's Sasanian occupation. She and her sister were slaves. She spent the rest of her life in Medina and had a son, Ibrahim with Muhammad. The son died as an infant and she died almost five years later.Al-Maqrizi says that she was a native of Hebenu (Coptic: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, Koinē Greek: \u0000λάβαστρων πόλις Alábastrōn pólis, Arabic: \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000, romanized: al-Khafn), a village located near Antinoöpolis.BiographyIn the Islamic year 6 AH (627 – 628 CE), Muhammad is said to have had letters written to the great rulers of the Middle East, proclaiming the continuation of the monotheistic faith with its final messages and inviting the rulers to join. The purported texts of some of the letters are found in Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari's History of the Prophets and Kings. Tabari writes that a deputation was sent to an Egyptian governor named as al-Muqawqis. Maria was a slave who was offered as a gift of goodwill to Muhammad in reply to his envoys inviting the governor of Alexandria to Islam. Muhammad emancipated her after the birth of her son.Tabari recounts the story of Maria's arrival from Egypt:In this year Hātib b. Abi Balta'ah came back from al-Muqawqis bringing Māriyah and her sister Sīrīn, his female mule Duldul, his donkey Ya'fūr, and sets of garments. With the two women al-Muqawqis had sent a eunuch, and the latter stayed with them. Hātib had invited them to become Muslims before he arrived with them, and Māriyah and her sister did so. The Messenger of God, peace and blessings of Allah be upon Him, lodged them with Umm Sulaym bt. Milhān. Māriyah was beautiful. The prophet sent her sister Sīrīn to Hassān b. Thābit and she bore him 'Abd al-Rahmān b. Hassān.The death of Ibrahim caused Muhammad to weep.Status as a wife or concubineMuhammad's earliest biographers, like Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Sa’d, and al-Tabari, mentioned Mariyah as the Prophet’s slavegirl or concubine in their sirah.Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya is another scholar and biographer of prophet Muhammad who writes a sirah called Zad al-Ma'ad where he mentioned Mariyah as a slave girl.Like Rayhana bint Zayd, there is some debate between historians and scholars as to whether Mariyah ever became Muhammad's wife or remained a concubine. An indication that she was a concubine is that when she bore her son to Muhammad, she was set free.Ibn ‘Abbas said: When Maria gave birth to Ibrahim the Messenger of Allah (\u0000) said, ‘Her son has set her free.’  There is also strong evidence that there was no living quarter for her in the proximity of the Prophet's Mosque. Only the wives of Muhammad had their quarters adjacent to one another in the proximity of his mosque at Medina. Maria was made to reside permanently in an orchard, some three kilometers from the mosque. Evidence that suggests she was a concubine is in the narration:Anas said:  The Messenger of Allah (\u0000) had a female-slave (amat) with whom he had intercourse, but ‘Aishah and Hafsah would not leave him alone until he said that she was forbidden for him. Then Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, revealed: “O Prophet! Why do you forbid (for yourself) that which Allah has allowed to you.’ until the end of the Verse.”The ‘female-slave’ referred to in this narration was Maria, the Copt, as specified in a hadith attributed to Umar and classified as sahih by Ibn Kathir, which names her Umm Ibrahim (the mother of Ibrahim).In a report from Ibn ‘Abbas and ‘Urwah b. al-Zubair concerning the same incident, Muhammad said to Hafsa:I make you witness that I my concubine (surriyyati) is now forbidden unto me.Some Islamic scholars point to a different Asbāb al-nuzūl (circumstance of revelation) for the above incident, saying it was only caused by Muhammad drinking honey, as narrated in Sahih al-Bukhari by Muhammed's wife Aisha:The Prophet (\u0000) used to stay (for a "}
{"doc_id":"doc_296","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Jean de LimurJean de Limur (13 November 1887, Vouhé, Charente-Maritime – 5 June 1976,Paris) was a French film director, actor and screenwriter. His works include La Garçonne (1936) and TheLetter (1929). A French army officer and a designer, he first came to the United States with his parents,Count and Countess de Limur in September 1920; their destination was Burlingame, California, wherelived Jean's brother André (who married Ethel, daughter of William Henry Crocker).FilmographyThe Arab(1924) actorHuman Desires (1924)The Legion of the Condemned (1928) co-screenplayThe Letter (1929)directorJealousy (1929) directorMy Childish Father (1930)Paprika (1933) directorL'Auberge duPetit-Dragon (1935)La Garçonne (1936) director; with Arletty, Edith Piaf, and Marie BellPassage 2:AndréaFerréolAndréa Ferréol (born Andrée Louise Ferréol; January 6, 1947) is a French actress and officer of theOrdre national du Mérite (2009).Her debut was in the 1973 film La Grande bouffe, which made a bigscandal at the Cannes Film Festival.She was the last partner of Egyptian actor OmarSharif.FilmographyPassage 3:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives andworks in the United States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months,resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to2019. He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery ofAustralia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the UnitedStates after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019, he succeeded DanMonroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career inIrelandKennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985)and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history.Heworked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and inIreland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), andDepartment of Finance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was Assistant Director at theNational Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association of ArtHistorians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003.In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery of Australia(NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged forseveral major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itselfand oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years ofthe museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, BettyChurcher, on showing \"blockbuster\" exhibitions.During his directorship, the NGA gained governmentsupport for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship. However,the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the originalarchitect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure,with a significantly altered design completed some years later.  Private funding supported twoacquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud'sAfter Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring theHolmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints,screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive. He was also notable forcampaigning for the construction of a new \"front\" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace,which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above).Kennedy's cancellation of the\"Sensation exhibition\" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial,and seen by some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being \"too closeto the market\" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of aspeculative art investor. However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which couldhave raised similar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works"}
{"doc_id":"doc_297","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Ismail HoxhaIsmail Hoxha is a member of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania for theDemocratic Party of Albania.Passage 2:Ilir BanoIlir Bano is a member of the Assembly of the Republic ofAlbania for the Democratic Party of Albania.Passage 3:Viktor GumiViktor Gumi is a member of theAssembly of the Republic of Albania for the Democratic Party of Albania.Passage 4:Paulin SterkajPaulinSterkaj is a member of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania for the Democratic Party of Albania.Sterkaj moved to the Socialist Party of Albania.Passage 5:Fatos HoxhaFatos Hoxha is a member of theAssembly of the Republic of Albania for the Democratic Party of Albania.Passage 6:Dashnor SulaDashnorSula (14 March 1969) is a member of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania for the Democratic Party ofAlbania. He started his political career in 2005 when he won the elections and became the deputy ofPeqin city.Early life and familyDashnor Sula was born in Peqin, on 14 march 1969 to Riza Sula and RefijeSula. He was raised in Peqin and continued his studies there until he finished high school. Afterwards hemoved to Tirana to continue his studies. He did his Bachelor studies in Law at the University of Tirana andhis Master studies in Criminal Law. He has been married to Elida Magani Sula since 1994 and they havetwo children, Paola Sula and Silvio Sula.Career1992-1993: Attorney at the prosecutor's office ofPeqin1993-1996: Attorney at the prosecutor's office of Elbasan1996-1998: Attorney at the prosecutor'soffice of Tirana1998-1998: Attorney at the prosecutor's office of Gjirokaster1999-2000: Attorney at thegeneral prosecutor's office; Supreme court.  2002-2005: Attorney at the general prosecutor's officeregarding organized crimes.2005-2013: Member of Albanian Parliament.2020-present: Member ofAlbanian Parliament.Other worksDashnor Sula has also taken the lawyer licence and he still continues topractice his profession.Passage 7:Ylli LamaYlli Lama is a member of the Assembly of the Republic ofAlbania for the Democratic Party of Albania.Passage 8:Leka, Crown Prince of Albania (born 1982)Leka,Prince of Albania (Leka Anwar Zog Reza Baudouin Msiziwe Zogu, born 26 March 1982) is a claimant to thedefunct throne of Albania and the head of the House of Zogu.At the time of his birth on 26 March 1982,the South African government, by order of Prime Minister P. W. Botha, declared his maternity wardextraterritorial land, to ensure that Leka was born on Albanian soil. Leka is the only child of Leka, CrownPrince of Albania and his wife Susan, Crown Princess of Albania. He is the only grandchild of King Zog I ofthe Albanians, succeeding as head of the royal house upon the death of his father in 2011. He has workedas an official at the country's interior and foreign ministries. He also served as a political advisor to theAlbanian President from 2012 to 2013.In May 2010, Leka became engaged to Elia Zaharia, an Albanianactress and singer. They married on 8 October 2016 in Tirana.Early lifeLeka is the son of the pretender tothe defunct throne of Albania, Crown Prince Leka, and his Australian wife Crown Princess Susan.He wasnamed in honour of Egyptian president Anwar El Sadat, his grandfather King Zog I, Emperor MohammedReza of Iran, and Baudouin I, King of the Belgians. Msiziwe is a Zulu term meaning 'the one who wasassisted'. Leka is a member of the House of Zogu.Education and activitiesLeka's was educated in SouthAfrica at St Peter's College, Johannesburg, and in the United Kingdom at the Royal Military AcademySandhurst, where he was named Best Foreign Student of the Academy, being congratulated by theAlbanian Minister of Defence. He was also educated at the Skanderbeg Military Academy in Albania, atthe Università per Stranieri in Perugia, where he studied the Italian language, and in Kosovo, where hestudied international relations.Leka resides in Tirana. He speaks Albanian, English, some Zulu, andItalian. He owns boxer dogs, and his interests include martial arts, volleyball, and swimming. He is fondof wildlife and has taken part in mountain climbing, abseiling, and target shooting.On 5 April 2004, Lekaaccepted the Mother Teresa Medal on behalf of his late grandmother, Queen Géraldine, for herhumanitarian efforts.Leka is known to have worked with youth organizations, like MJAFT!, and supporteda wide range of humanitarian efforts in Albania, but he maintains that he only supports self-help projectsto stimulate Albanian and Kosovar economic growth, Gazeta Sot.Leka is known as a supporter of Kosovarindependence from Serbia and has close ties to the Kosovar leadership in Pristina.Leka founded the youthleadership of the Movement for National Development, which was a movement created by his father in2005 to change the political face of Albania.On 24 June 2010, Prince Leka unveiled a blue plaque at"}
{"doc_id":"doc_298","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting forLucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986)(mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990)(mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)NotQuite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor BlakeMysteries (2013)Passage 2:Dana BlanksteinDana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executivedirector of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School. She was appointed by the board of directors  inNovember 2019.  Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television. She is a filmdirector, and an Israeli culture entrepreneur.BiographyDana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981to theatre director Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein. She moved to Israel in 1983 and grewup in Tel Aviv.Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008with high honors. During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on hisfilm Nina's Tragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners.  She also directed and shot 'the makingof' film on Gavison's film Lost and Found. Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin InternationalFilm Festival, 2007.Film and academic careerAfter her studies, Dana founded and directed the film andtelevision department at the Kfar Saba municipality. The department encouraged and promotedproductions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educationalcommunity activities.Blankstein directed the mini-series \"Tel Aviviot\" (2012). From 2016-2019 was thedirector of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television.In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen wasappointed the new director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees theSam Spiegel International Film Lab. In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and thefilm preparatory program for Arabic speakers in east Jerusalem.FilmographyTel Aviviot (mini-series;director, 2012)Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)Camping(debut film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)Passage 3:Rolan BykovRolan AntonovichBykov (Russian: Ролан Антонович Быков; October 12, 1929 – October 6, 1998) was a Soviet andRussian stage and film actor, director, screenwriter and pedagogue. People's Artist of the USSR(1990).Early lifeRolan Bykov was born to Anton Mikhailovich Bykov and Olga Matveyevna Bykova (néeSitnyakovskaya), the youngest of two brothers. There are many myths surrounding his biography,including the names of Rolan and his parents, date and place of birth. Different directories showed thathe was born in Moscow, yet Bykov and his brother Geronim stated that their family moved to Moscowfrom Kyiv in 1934. Throughout his life Rolan Antonovich Bykov was officially known as RolandAnatolyevich Bykov and his date of birth — as November 12 which, according to him, was caused by amistake in his passport. He named various reasons for this: from a drunken militsioner at the passportoffice to his own aunt who confused names and dates while arranging his documents. As for the unusualname, Rolan explained that he was named after Romain Rolland (according to the Russian pronunciation)by his parents who confused Romain's surname for his name.Bykov's father was a military andintelligence officer of mixed Polish-Czech ancestry originally named Semyon Geronimovich Gordanovsky.He started his career by participating in World War I and making a successful escape after being takencaptive by Austria-Hungary. During the Russian Civil War he fought as part of the 1st Cavalry Army ledby Semyon Budyonny. Between 1924 and 1926 he worked in Cheka and regularly visited Germany underdifferent passports. His last code name was Anton Mikhailovich Bykov which he adopted as a real name.He was later promoted to a high-ranking position in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and servedas a managing director at various enterprises.Bykov's mother also changed her name from EllaMatusovna to Olga Matveevna at one point. While Bykov regularly referred to her and her relatives as«Ukrainians», she was in fact a daughter of a prosperous Jewish NEPman. She wanted to become anactress and finished two courses of a theater institute, but was expelled for truancy.Between 1937 and1947 Bykov studied in Moscow schools. In 1939 he joined a youth theatrical studio organized by aPioneers Palace where he met Alexander Mitta, Boris Rytsarev and Igor Kvasha. During the Battle of"}
{"doc_id":"doc_299","qid":"","text":"Passage 1:Mickey's Tent ShowMickey's Tent Show is a 1933 short film in Larry Darmour's Mickey McGuireseries starring a young Mickey Rooney. Directed by Jesse Duffy, the two-reel short was released totheaters on October 27, 1933 by Post Pictures Corp.SynopsisMickey and the Gang decide to put on acircus show for the neighborhood kids. As usual, Stinkie Davis and his pals try whatever they can to maketheir rivals miserable. Throughout the show, whenever Mickey and his friends try to perform an act,Stinkie interrupts them by playing his father's new radio.CastIn order by credits:Mickey Rooney - \"MickeyMcGuire\"Douglas Scott - \"Stinkey\" DavisMarvin Stephens - \"Katrink\"Jimmie Robinson - \"Hambone\"JohnsonBilly Barty - Billy McGuire (\"Mickey's Little Brother\")Shirley Jeane Rickert - \"TomboyTaylor\"External linksMickey's Tent Show at IMDbPassage 2:Kadamba (1983 film)Kadamba is a 1983 film,directed by P. N. Menon and produced by P. V. George. The film stars Prakash, Jayanthi, Sathaar andAchankunju in the lead roles. The film has musical score by K. Raghavan.PlotJanu is brought up by herfather after the sudden death of her mother. Problems start brewing in her life when her father searchesfor a perfect groom, unaware that she is in love with someone else.CastJayanthi asJanuPrakashAchankunju as Velu, janu's fatherBalan K. Nair as KeshavanSathaar as KunjiramanBhaskaraKuruppuSoundtrackThe music was composed by K. Raghavan and the lyrics were written by BichuThirumala and Thikkodiyan.Passage 3:Thulasi (1987 film)Thulasi is a 1987 Indian Tamil-languageromantic drama film directed by Ameerjan. The film stars Murali and Seetha. It was released on 27November 1987.PlotThirunavukarasu is considered as a God by his villagers. Nevertheless, his sonSammadham is an atheist and he doesn't believe in his father's power. Sammadham and Ponni, a lowcaste girl, fall in love with each other. Sammadham's best friend Siva, a low caste boy, passes the Masterof Arts degree successfully. Thirunavukarasu's daughter Thulasi then develops a soft corner forSiva.Thirunavukarasu cannot accept for his son Sammadham's marriage with Ponni due to castedifference. Sammadham then challenges him to marry her. Thirunavukarasu appoints henchmen to killher and Ponni is found dead the next day in the water. In the meantime, Siva also falls in love withThulasi. The rest of the story is what happens to Siva and Thulasi.CastMurali as Sivalingam \"Siva\"Seethaas ThulasiChandrasekhar as SammadhamMajor Sundarrajan as ThirunavukarasuSenthilCharle asKhanThara as PonniMohanapriya as SarasuVathiyar RamanA. K. Veerasamy as KaliyappanSoundtrackThemusic was composed by Sampath Selvam, with lyrics written by Vairamuthu.ReceptionThe Indian Expressgave a negative review calling it \"thwarted love\".Passage 4:Le Masque de la MéduseLe masque de laMéduse (English: The Mask of Medusa) is a 2009 fantasy horror film directed by Jean Rollin. The film is amodern-day telling of the Greek mythological tale of the Gorgon and was inspired by the 1964 classicHammer Horror film of the same name and the 1981 cult classic Clash of the Titans. It was Rollin's finalfilm, as the director died in 2010.CastSimone Rollin as la MéduseSabine Lenoël as EuryaleMarlèneDelcambre as SthénoJuliette Moreau as JulietteDelphine Montoban as CorneliusJean-Pierre Bouyxou as legardienBernard Charnacé as le collectionneurAgnès Pierron as la colleuse d'affiche auGrand-GuignolGabrielle Rollin as la petite contrebassisteJean Rollin as l'homme qui enterre la têteThomasSmith as ThomasProductionIt was thought that Rollin's 2007 film La nuit des horloges was the final film ofhis career, as he had mentioned in the past. However, in 2009, Rollin began preparation foe Le masquede la Méduse. Rollin originally directed the film as a one-hour short, which was screened at theCinémathèque de Toulouse, but after the release, Rollin decided to add 20 minutes of additional scenesand then cut the film into two distinct parts, as he did with his first feature, Le Viol du Vampire.  The filmwas shot on location at the Golden Gate Aquarium and Père Lachaise Cemetery, as well as on stage atthe Theatre du Grande Guignol, which is where the longest part of the film takes place. It was shot on HDvideo on a low budget of €150,000. Before the release, it was transferred to 35mm film.ReleaseThe filmwas not released theatrically, although it premiered on 19 November 2009 at the 11th edition of theExtreme Cinema Film Festival at the Cinémathèque de Toulouse. As part of \"An Evening with Jean Rollin\",it was shown as a double feature with Rollin's 2007 film La nuit des horloges.Home mediaNo official DVDwas released, although for a limited time, a DVD of La masque de la Méduse was included with the first"}