Passage 1:Margaret, Countess of BrienneMarguerite d'Enghien (born 1365 - d. after 1394), was the rulingsuo jure Countess of Brienne and of Conversano, suo jure Lady of Enghien, and Lady of Beauvois from1394 until an unknown date.LifeMarguerite was born in 1365, the eldest daughter of Louis of Enghien,Count of Brienne and Conversano, Lord of Enghien, Titular Duke of Athens, and Giovanna of Sanseverino.Marguerite had a brother, Antoine who died at the age of sixteen, leaving her, the eldest daughter, heirto her father's estates and titles.  She inherited the counties of Brienne and of Conversano, and theLordship of Enghien from her father Louis of Enghien on 17 March 1394. She was the wife of John ofLuxembourg, Sire of Beauvois and the mother of Peter of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol, Count ofBrienne and of Conversano who inherited her fiefs, and John II of Luxembourg, Count ofLigny.ReignMarguerite became the suo jure Countess of Brienne and Conversano, and Dame of Enghienupon her father's death on 17 March 1394. Her husband John also became Count of Brienne and ofConversano by right of his wife.She died on an unknown date sometime after 1394. Her will was dated 19September 1393. Her eldest son, Peter received her titles of Brienne and of Conversano.Marriages andissueOn an unknown date, Marguerite married  her first husband, Pierre de Baux, and following his death,she married as her second husband, a relative of her mother, Giacopo of Sanseverino. Both of these earlymarriages were childless. In 1380, after Giacopo's death, Marguerite married her third husband, John ofLuxembourg, Sire of Beauvois (1370–1397).  He was the son of Guy of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Poland Mahaut of Châtillon, Countess of Saint-Pol. By her third husband, Marguerite had five children:Peterof Luxembourg (1390–31 August 1433), Count of Saint-Pol (1430), which he inherited from his auntJeanne of Luxembourg, Countess of Saint-Pol and Ligny; he also inherited, on an unknown date,Marguerite's fiefs of Brienne and of Conversano, thus becoming Count of Brienne and of Conversano. Hemarried on 8 May 1405, Margaret de Baux, by whom he had nine children, including Jacquetta ofLuxembourg, mother of Elizabeth Woodville Queen-Consort of Edward IV of England.John II ofLuxembourg, Count of Ligny (1392–5 January 1441), inherited the title of Beauvois from his father, andthe title of Ligny from his aunt, Jeanne of Luxembourg. On 23 November 1418, married Jeanne deBéthune, widow of Robert of Bar, Count of Marle and Soissons who had been killed at the Battle ofAgincourt on 25 October 1415. John, who was an ally of the English during the Hundred Years War,received Joan of Arc as his prisoner, and subsequently sold her to the English for 10,000 livres.Louis ofLuxembourg (died 18 September 1443). He was a statesman and a high-ranking churchman. His postsand clerical titles included Cardinal (1439), Archbishop of Rouen (1437), Chancellor of France (1425),Governor of Paris (1436), Bishop of Thérouanne, Administrator of Ely (1437), Bishop of Frascati (1442).He was buried in Ely Cathedral.Catherine of Luxembourg (born c. 1393)Jeanne of Luxembourg (died1420), married firstly, on 8 September 1415, Louis, Seigneur de Ghistelles (killed at the Battle ofAgincourt); she married secondly on 28 October 1419, Jean IV, Viscount of Melun, Constable ofFlanders.Passage 2:Nocher II, Count of SoissonsNocher II (died 1019), Count of Bar-sur-Aube, Count ofSoissons. He was the son of Nocher I, Count of Bar-sur-Aube. Nocher's brother Beraud (d. 1052) wasBishop of Soissons.Nocher became Count of Soissons, jure uxoris, upon his marriage to Adelise, Countessof Soissons.  Nocher and Adelisa had three children:Nocher III (d. 1040), Count of Bar-sur-Aube, had atleast two daughters by unknown wife:Adèle (d. 1053), Countess of Bar-sur-AubeIsabeauGuy, archbishopof ReimsRenaud I, Count of SoissonsNocher's son and namesake became Count of Bar-sur-Aube upon hisdeath, and the countship of Soissons reverted to his wife.  His son Renaud would eventually become theCount of Soissons.Passage 3:Adelaide, Countess of SoissonsAdelaide (died 1105), was sovereignCountess of Soissons from 1057 until 1105.She was the daughter of Renaud I, Count of Soissons, and hiswife, whose name is unknown, widow of Hilduin III, Count of Montdidier. .Adelaide became ruler of theCounty of Soissons upon the death of her father and brother, Guy II, Count of Soissons, in 1057.Adelaidemarried William Busac, Count of Eu, grandson of Richard I, Duke of Normandy.  Adelaide and William hadfive children:Renaud II, Count of SoissonsJohn I, Count of Soissons, married to Aveline dePierrefondsManasses of Soissons, Bishop of Cambrai, Bishop of SoissonsLithuise de Blois, married to Milo


Passage 1:Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2003The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual fashionshow sponsored by Victoria's Secret, a brand of lingerie and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show topromote and market its goods in high-profile settings. The show features some of the world's leadingfashion models, such as current Victoria's Secret Angels Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum, Gisele Bündchen, andAdriana Lima.The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2003 was recorded in New York City, United States atthe 69th Regiment Armory. The show featured musical performances by Sting, Mary J. Blige, and Eve.Angel Heidi Klum was wearing the Victoria's Secret Fantasy Bra : Very Sexy Fantasy Bra worth$11,000,000.Fashion show segmentsSegment 1: Sexy Super HeroinesSegment 2: Razor Sharp LatexLadiesSpecial PerformanceSegment 3 : Rock Chicks Rockin' OutSpecial PerformanceSegment 4 : SexyKittensSpecial PerformanceSegment 5 : GlaaaaamaaazonsIndexFinaleAngels: Adriana Lima, GiseleBündchen, Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum.Returning Models: Michelle Alves, Alessandra Ambrosio, Carmen Kass,Dewi Driegen, Naomi Campbell, Ana Beatriz Barros, Angela Lindvall, Frankie Rayder, Mini Andén, EugeniaVolodina, Oluchi Onweagba, Liya Kebede, Lindsay Frimodt, Fernanda Tavares, Letícia Birkheuer, UjjwalaRaut, Karolina Kurkova.Newcomers: Isabeli Fontana, Marcelle Bittar, Jacquetta Wheeler, MargaritaSvegzdaite, Deanna Miller.External linksVSFS 2003 GalleryPassage 2:Victoria's Secret Fashion Show2001The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual fashion show sponsored by Victoria's Secret, abrand of lingerie and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show to promote and market its goods inhigh-profile settings. The show features some of the world's leading fashion models, such as currentVictoria's Secret Angels Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum, Daniela Peštová, Gisele Bündchen, and Adriana Lima.TheVictoria's Secret Fashion Show 2001 was recorded in New York, United States at the Bryant Park. Theshow featured musical performances by Andrea Bocelli and Mary J. Blige. Angel Heidi Klum was wearingthe Victoria's Secret Fantasy Bra: The Heavenly Star Bra worth $12,500,000.Fashion showsegmentsSpecial PerformanceSegment 1Special PerformanceSegment 2IndexFinaleAngels: GiseleBündchen, Heidi Klum, Adriana Lima, Tyra Banks, Daniela Peštová.Returning models: Karolína Kurková,Caroline Ribeiro, Eva Herzigová, Mini Andén, Fernanda Tavares, Trish Goff, Bridget Hall, Aurélie Claudel,Rhea Durham, Alessandra Ambrosio, Inés Rivero.Newcomers: Rie Rasmussen, Maggie Rizer, Alek Wek,Omahyra Mota, Karen Elson, Molly Sims, Audrey Marnay, Diána Mészáros, Anouck Lepere, EmmaHeming.External linksVSFS 2001 GalleryPassage 3:List of Victoria's Secret modelsThis is a list of currentand former Victoria's Secret Angels and fashion models who have walked in the Victoria's Secret FashionShow since its inception in 1995.Victoria's Secret AngelsModels who were chosen as Victoria's SecretAngels are listed in the table below. In June 2021, Victoria's Secret announced that it was ending itsAngels brand.PINK spokesmodelsThe following is the list of models who have been contracted asspokesmodels for Victoria's Secret's PINK brand.NotesPassage 4:Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2002TheVictoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual fashion show sponsored by Victoria's Secret, a brand oflingerie and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show to promote and market its goods in high-profilesettings. The show features some of the world's leading fashion models, such as current Victoria's SecretAngels Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum, Gisele Bündchen, and Adriana Lima.The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show2002 was recorded in New York, United States at the 69th Regiment Armory. The show featured musicalperformances by Destiny's Child, Marc Anthony, and Phil Collins. Karolína Kurková was wearing theVictoria's Secret Fantasy Bra : Star of Victoria Fantasy Bra worth $10,000,000.Fashion showsegmentsSpecial PerformanceSegment 1: Religious HolidaySpecial PerformanceSegment 2: JungleAnimalsSpecial PerformanceSegment 3: Flamenco FrillsSegment 4: Neon AngelsFinaleAngels: GiseleBündchen, Heidi Klum, Adriana Lima, Tyra Banks, Karolína Kurková.Returning models: Carmen Kass,Bridget Hall, Naomi Campbell, Fernanda Tavares, Alessandra Ambrosio, Frankie Rayder, Caroline Ribeiro,Oluchi Onweagba.Newcomers: Yfke Sturm, Eugenia Volodina, Lindsay Frimodt, Michelle Alves, NadineStrittmatter, Raquel Zimmermann, Liya Kebede, Dewi Driegen, Ana Beatriz Barros, Caitriona Balfe, IngaSavits, Ujjwala Raut, Ana Hickmann, Reka Ebergenyi, Letícia Birkheuer.IndexExternal linksVSFS 2002GalleryPassage 5:Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2005The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual


Passage 1:Henry III, Duke of Münsterberg-OelsHenry III of Münsterberg-Oels (also: Henry III ofPoděbrady, Henry III of Bernstadt; German: Heinrich III. von Podiebrad; Czech: Jindřich III-MinstrberskoOlešnický; 29 April 1542, Oleśnica – 10 April 1587, Oleśnica) was Duke of Münsterberg from 1565 to1574 and Duke of Bernstadt.  He also held the title of Count of Glatz.LifeHenry's parents were Henry II ofMünsterberg and Oels and Margaret (1515–1559), daughter of Henry V of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.  HenryIII was married to Magdalena Meseritsch of Lomnitz (Czech: Magdaléna Mezeřícká z Lomnice).When hisfather died in 1548, Henry was only six years old, so he initially stood under the guardianship of his uncleJohn, who called himself "Duke of Bernstadt" from 1548 until his death in 1565.  In 1565, Henry III tookup the rule of the Duchy of Bernstadt.  He was excessively in debt, and in 1574, he had to sell the Duchyof Bernstadt, including the castle and several more villages, to the von Schindel family.Henry III diedchildless in 1587.  The Duchy of Bernstadt was bought back in 1604 by Henry's brother CharlesII.References ad sourcesHugo Weczerka: Handbuch der historischen Stätten: Schlesien, Stuttgart, 1977,ISBN 3-520-31601-3, p. 19  and genealogical tables on p. 602–603.Rudolf Žáček: Dějiny Slezska vdatech, Prague, 2004, ISBN 80-7277-172-8, p. 145, 410 and 436.External linksMarek, Miroslav."Genealogy of Poděbrady". Genealogy.EU.Passage 2:Olaf III of NorwayOlaf III or Olaf Haraldsson (OldNorse: Óláfr Haraldsson, Norwegian: Olav Haraldsson; c. 1050 – 22 September 1093), known as Olaf thePeaceful (Old Norse: Óláfr kyrri, Norwegian: Olav Kyrre), was King of Norway from 1067 until his death in1093.He was present at the Battle of Stamford Bridge in England in 1066 where his father, King HaraldHardrada, saw defeat and was killed in action, an event that directly preceded his kingship. During hisrule, Olaf made peace with regards to earlier royal conflicts with the church, strengthened the power ofthe monarchy, and is traditionally credited with founding the city of Bergen circa 1070. Around 1225,Snorri Sturluson wrote  Olav Kyrres saga about King Olaf in the Heimskringla.BiographyOlaf was a son ofKing Harald Hardrada and Tora Torbergsdatter. Olaf joined his father during the invasion of Englandduring 1066. However, he was only 16 years old during the Battle of Stamford Bridge in September 1066.He stayed on a ship and did not participate in the fighting. After the Norwegian defeat, he sailed with theremains of the Norwegian strike force back to Orkney, where they wintered. The return journey toNorway took place in summer 1067.After the death of his father, Olaf shared the kingdom with hisbrother Magnus II (Magnus 2 Haraldsson) who had become king the previous year. When King Magnusdied during 1069, Olaf became the sole ruler of Norway.During his reign, the nation of Norwayexperienced a rare extended period of peace. He renounced any offensive foreign policy, insteadprotecting Norway's sovereignty through agreements and marriage connections. Domestically heemphasized the church's organization and the modernization of the kingdom. The latter resulted in,among other things, the reorganization of the body-guard and of measures under which key cities,especially Bergen, could better serve as a royal residence. According to the Heimskringla by SnorriSturluson, Olaf is said to have founded the city of Bergen (originally called Bjørgvin).The death of HaraldHardrada and the serious defeat suffered by the Norwegians in 1066 tempted the Danish king, SvendEstridsen, to prepare for an attack on Norway. King Svend no longer felt bound by the ceasefireagreement signed with Harald Hardrada in 1064, since it would only be valid for the two kings duringtheir own lives. However Olaf made peace with King Svend and married the king's daughter Ingerid.Later, Olav's half sister Ingegerd married King Svend's son  Olaf. Although there were some attacks onEngland by Danish forces, peace persisted between Denmark and Norway. Olaf also made peace withWilliam the Conqueror of England.King Olaf broke with his father's line in his relationship to the church.Harald Hardrada had developed a continuing conflict with the Archbishopric of Bremen due to thearchbishop's authority over the Norwegian church. Unlike his father, Olav recognized that authority fully.Political considerations may have been behind this conciliatory attitude, as may have been Olaf's concernwith the church organization. Until his time bishops had formed part of the king's court and traveled withhim around the country to take care of the ecclesiastical affairs while the king took care of worldlymatters. The bishops established fixed residence in Oslo, Nidaros and Bergen. King Olaf also took the


Passage 1:The Museums at Washington and ChapinThe Museums at Washington and Chapin are severalmuseums that share a campus in South Bend, Indiana. The name is derived from the location, at thecorner of Washington Street and Chapin Street in South Bend. Both museums have one commonentrance off Thomas Street, one block south of Washington Street. The museums currently include theHistory Museum and Studebaker National Museum.External linksStudebaker National MuseumThe HistoryMuseumPassage 2:William P. Didusch Center for Urologic HistoryThe William P. Didusch Center forUrologic History is a museum and the headquarters of the American Urological Association in Linthicum,Maryland. It is described as encompassing "a rich and varied collection of drawings, photographs, andinstruments of historical importance to urology, many displayed in the urological exhibits during theAmerican Urological Association (AUA) conventions."BackgroundThe center is named in honor of WilliamDidusch, the museum's founder and first curator. Didusch was a notable scientific illustrator, andExecutive Secretary of the AUA. Didusch had begun working at Johns Hopkins University in 1915 as anillustrator and eventually a lecturer. Didusch was an artist but more committed to the drawing ofillustrations, rather than paintings, of anatomy. As result he became a legend during his time after hiswork in Johns Hopkins Hospital. Some of his many illustrations were those of the anatomy of the urinarytract and instruments used to treat the urinary diseases. The museum was formally established in 1971as the William P. Didusch Museum, following Didusch's gift to the American Urological Association of hismany original urological drawings. It was accommodated within the headquarters buildings of the AUA,then on Charles Street in Baltimore. Didusch curated the museum until his death in 1981, when he wassucceeded by Herbert Brendler. After Brendler's death in 1986, William W. Scott (a colleague of NobelLaureate Charles Huggins at the University of Chicago) became curator of the museum. When Scottretired in 1993, the post of curator went to Rainer Engel of Johns Hopkins. In 2003 – when the AUAmoved to Linthicum, Maryland – the museum also moved. Its scope was extended to relate to the topic ofresearch in urologic history. Engel remained curator until 2011, when Michael Moran took over theposition.CollectionThe museum provides 300 years of the history of urology, beginning from early andextremely dangerous kidney stone surgeries to modern ultra sound treatments that "pulverizes thesejagged mineral clumps without any need to enter the body". It includes illustrations, urological tools suchas catheters, cystoscopes (includes Nitze cystoscopes made in 1890 with platinum loops for illuminationand rotating cystoscopes), operating resectoscopes, laparoscopes, lithotriptors, and resectoscopes; someof this urologic equipment was sterilized using formaldehyde or cyanide. All was donated by urologists,including Ernest F. Hock of Binghamton, New York, Hans Reuter of Stuttgart, Germany and Adolf A.Kutzmann of Los Angeles.The Center also aids research in all fields of urologic history in the UnitedStates. It contains an extensive urological library, with early urological and medical texts, and the AUAarchives.Current AUA Historian Engel considers the museum to show how medical history in urologyevolved, and notes that the implements on display frequently scare visitors. Amongst its items are "long,thick metal tubes that once opened the floodgates between some unfortunate soul's bladder and theoutside world", lassoes and nutcrackers on the end of steel tubes to break bladder stones, and HughHampton Young's "Prostate Punch", which resembles a "massively enlarged and curved hypodermicneedle designed for the blind resection of prostate tissues", used in prostate surgery (to ream out thetube of prostate tissue blindly); this last implement was used on the wealthy railway magnate DiamondJim Brady, who—cured of a prostate problem—gave a generous donation to Johns Hopkins which enabledthe establishment of the Brady Urological Institute and also the museum.A number of very large mineralsamples of kidney stones are also on display. The collection in the museum also includes more than 30microscopes dating as far back as the 18th century, along with operating manuals; this acquisition onloan from a German urology family.A popular display is the "spermatorrhea ring", a device from the early20th century used to prevent ejaculations while sleeping. It is made of a double ring of metal, with theinner ring clipped over the penis and the outer ring, which is lined on the inside with an armature of bluntmetal teeth, on the shaft. These teeth constitute what could be called the "medically active ingredient".


Passage 1:The Rebel GladiatorsThe Rebel Gladiators (Italian: Ursus il gladiatore ribelle/ Ursus, the Rebel Gladiator) is a 1962 Italian peplum film directed by Domenico Paolella starring Dan Vadis, Josè Greci and Alan Steel.PlotThe newly crowned emperor Commodus kidnaps the beautiful Arminia, who happens to be betrothed to the mighty gladiator Ursus. Obsessed with a desire to physically best all other men, he uses the girl as a hostage to force Ursus to fight him in the arena, but when Ursus beats him up and actually forces the dictator to beg for his life, he accuses Ursus of being in league with a group of usurpers who oppose Commodus' tyrannical rule. Ursus finally leads a slave revolt that overthrows Commodus, who is killed in the uprising, and Ursus is reunited with Arminia.CastDan Vadis as UrsusJosè Greci as ArminiaAlan Steel as Commodo/CommodusTullio Altamura as AntoninoNando Tamberlani as Marco AurelioGloria MillandGianni Santuccio as Emilio LetoSal Borghese as gladiatorBruno ScipioniAndrea Aureli as gladiator instructorCarlo Delmi as SettimioPassage 2:Voice of Free ChinaThe Voice of Free China (Chinese:  ; pinyin: Zìyóu Zhōngguó Zhīshēng) was the international broadcasting station of the Republic of China from 1949 until 1998. During the Cold War era the station was the source of Chinese Nationalist propaganda largely aimed at discrediting the People's Republic of China and buttressing the Nationalists' claims to be the sole legitimate government of all of China.The Voice of Free China, for many years, was owned by the Broadcasting Corporation of China. This was a private company under a government contract to provide public radio programming. The BCC still exists today, but in 1998 the Voice of Free China and the government-owned Central Broadcasting System merged.With the easing of cross-strait relations and the liberalization of Taiwan's government, the Voice of Free China changed its name to Radio Taipei International in 1998 and also used the name "Voice of Asia" for some broadcasts. In 2003, it became Radio Taiwan International reflecting the defeat of the Kuomintang government in 2000 and the new government's orientation towards Taiwan independence from China. Today, this station is now known as Radio Taiwan International.See alsoPropaganda in the Republic of ChinaPassage 3:Ellen BassEllen Bass (born June 16, 1947) is an American poet and author.  She has won three Pushcart Prizes and a Lambda Literary Award for her 2002 book Mules of Love. She co-authored the 1991 child sexual abuse book The Courage to Heal. She received a fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts in 2014 and was elected a chancellor of the Academy of American Poets in 2017. Bass has taught poetry at Pacific University and founded poetry programs for prison inmates.LifeBass grew up in Pleasantville, New Jersey, where her parents owned a liquor store. Her family later moved to Ventnor City, New Jersey. She attended Goucher College, where she graduated magna cum laude in 1968 with a bachelor's degree. She pursued a master's degree in creative writing at Boston University, where she studied with Anne Sexton, and graduated in 1970. From 1970 to 1974, Bass worked at Project Place, a social service center in Boston.From 1983 to 2003, she worked in the field of healing from childhood sexual abuse: writing the best-selling The Courage to Heal in 1991, developing training seminars for professionals, offering workshops for survivors, and lecturing to mental health professionals nationally and internationally. She is a co-founder of the Survivors Healing Center in Santa Cruz, a non-profit organization offering services to survivors of child sexual abuse.Bass has taught poetry at the low-residency Master of Fine Arts program at Pacific University in Oregon since 2007. She has taught workshops in Santa Cruz, California since 1974 and also nationally. In 2013, she founded the Poetry Program at the Salinas Valley State Prison, which offers a weekly workshop to incarcerated men. In 2014, she also founded the Santa Cruz Poetry Project, which offers six weekly workshops to men and women incarcerated in the Santa Cruz County jails.Among Bass' poetry books are Indigo, (2020) which was a finalist for the Paterson Poetry Prize, the Publishers Triangle Award and the Northern California Book Award; Like a Beggar (2014), which was a finalist for the Paterson Poetry Prize, the Publishing Triangle Award, the Milt Kessler Poetry Award, the Lambda Literary Award, and the Northern California Book Award; The Human Line (2007), and Mules of Love (2002), which won the Lambda Literary Award. Her poems have been published widely in journals and anthologies, including the New Yorker, the American Poetry Review, the Kenyon Review, and Ploughshares.Her nonfiction books include I Never Told Anyone: Writings by Women Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse (HarperCollins, 1983),


Passage 1:Bill Smith (footballer, born 1897)William Thomas Smith (9 April 1897 – after 1924) was anEnglish professional footballer.CareerDuring his amateur career, Smith played in 17 finals, and captainedthe Third Army team in Germany when he was stationed in Koblenz after the armistice during the FirstWorld War. He started his professional career with Hull City in 1921. After making no appearances for theclub, he joined Leadgate Park. He joined Durham City in 1921, making 33 league appearances in theclub's first season in the Football League.He joined York City in the Midland League in July 1922, wherehe scored the club's first goal in that competition. He made 75 appearances for the club in the MidlandLeague and five appearances in the FA Cup before joining Stockport County in 1925, where he made noleague appearances.Passage 2:Thomas Scott (diver)Thomas Scott (1907 - date of death unknown) wasan English diver.BoxingHe competed in the 10 metre platform at the 1930 British Empire Games forEngland.Personal lifeHe was a police officer at the time of the 1930 Games.Passage 3:Fred Bradley(rower)Frederick Bradley (1908 – date of death unknown) was an English rower.RowingHe competed inthe single sculls at the 1930 British Empire Games for England and won a bronze medal.Personal lifeHewas listed as having no occupation at the time of the 1930 Games.Passage 4:Parimala NagappaParimalaNagappa is a politician from the state of Karnataka and wife of Late H. Nagappa. Parimala was elected asM.L.A from Hanur constituency on a Janata Dal (Secular) ticket in the 2004 Karnataka assemblyelections. On 16 March 2017, she joined the Bharatiya Janata Party.Passage 5:Albert Thompson(footballer, born 1912)Albert Thompson (born 1912, date of death unknown) was a Welshfootballer.CareerThompson was born in Llanbradach, Wales, and joined Bradford Park Avenue from BarryTown in 1934. After making 11 appearances and scoring two goals in the league for Bradford, he joinedYork City in 1936. He was York City's top scorer for the 1936–37 season, with 28 goals. He joinedSwansea Town in 1937, after making 29 appearances and scoring 28 goals for York. After making 4appearances in the league for Swansea, he joined Wellington Town.== Notes ==Passage 6:HarryWainwright (footballer)Harry Wainwright (born 1899; date of death unknown) was an Englishfootballer.CareerWainwright played for Highfields before joining Port Vale as an amateur in December1919. After making his debut in a 1–0 defeat at Barnsley on Boxing Day he signed as a professional thefollowing month. He was unable to nail down a regular place however, and was released at the end of theseason with just four appearances to his name.He returned to Highfields before moving on to DoncasterRovers where he scored in their return to football following WW1, in the 2–1 defeat to Rotherham Town inthe Midland League. He scored two more goals that season, and none the following season.He then wentto Brodsworth Main, Frickley Colliery, Sheffield United, Boston Town, Scunthorpe & Lindsey United andNewark Town.Career statisticsSource:Passage 7:Etan BoritzerEtan Boritzer (born 1950) is an Americanwriter of children’s literature who is best known for his book What is God? first published in 1989. Hisbest selling What is? illustrated children's book series on character education and difficult subjects forchildren is a popular teaching guide for parents, teachers and child-life professionals.Boritzer gainednational critical acclaim after What is God? was published in 1989 although the book has causedcontroversy from religious fundamentalists for its universalist views. The other current books in the Whatis? series include: What is Love?, What is Death?, What is Beautiful?, What is Funny?, What is Right?,What is Peace?, What is Money?, What is Dreaming?, What is a Friend?, What is True?, What is a Family?,and What is a Feeling? The series is now also translated into 15 languages.Boritzer was first published in1963 at the age of 13 when he wrote an essay in his English class at Wade Junior High School in theBronx, New York on the assassination of John F. Kennedy. His essay was included in a special anthologyby New York City public school children compiled and published by the New York City Department ofEducation.Boritzer now lives in Venice, California and maintains his publishing office there also. He hashelped numerous other authors to get published through How to Get Your Book Published! programs.Boritzer is also a yoga teacher who teaches regular classes locally and guest-teaches nationally. He isalso recognized nationally as an erudite speaker on The Teachings of the Buddha.Passage 8:HarryJohnson (wrestler)Harry Johnson (born 1903, date of death unknown) was an English


Passage 1:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is anIrish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in theUnited States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigningDecember 31, 2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He wasthe director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia(Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States afterleaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October 2010 hebecame the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as theexecutive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career in IrelandKennedy wasborn in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989)degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history.He worked in theIrish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at theChester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department ofFinance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was Assistant Director at the NationalGallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historiansfrom 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003. InSeptember 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery of Australia(NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged forseveral major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itselfand oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years ofthe museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, BettyChurcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions.During his directorship, the NGA gained governmentsupport for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship. However,the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the originalarchitect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure,with a significantly altered design completed some years later.  Private funding supported twoacquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud'sAfter Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring theHolmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints,screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive. He was also notable forcampaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace,which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above).Kennedy's cancellation of the"Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial,and seen by some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too closeto the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of aspeculative art investor. However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which couldhave raised similar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists worksbelonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn. Its mostcontroversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and wasaccused of being blasphemous. The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against theexhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion."In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had"obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art". He has said that it "was the toughestdecision of my professional life, so far."Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of arange of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA'soccupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioningsystem. The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003. Kennedy announced in 2002 that he wouldnot seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two


Passage 1:George AlagiahGeorge Maxwell Alagiah  ( born 22 November 1955) is a British newsreader,journalist and television news presenter.Since 3 December 2007, he has been the presenter of the BBCNews at Six and was previously the main presenter of GMT on BBC World News since its launch on 1February 2010.BackgroundAlagiah was born in Colombo, Ceylon on 22 November 1955. His parents,Donald Alagiah, an engineer, and Therese, were Sri Lankan Tamil. In 1961, his parents moved to Ghanain West Africa, where he had his primary education at Christ the King International School. He has foursisters. His secondary education took place at St John's College, an independent Roman Catholic school inPortsmouth, England, after which he read politics at Van Mildert College, Durham University. Whilst atDurham, he wrote for and became editor of the student newspaper Palatinate and was a sabbatical officerof Durham Students' Union.In 2004, he returned to his grandfather's original home in Sri Lanka in theaftermath of the Asian tsunami to survey the damage. The family's former home had been destroyed, buthe was able to recognise an old well where he had played with his sisters, although the well wasunsalvageable.Broadcasting careerAlagiah joined the BBC in 1989 after seven years in print journalismwith South Magazine. Before becoming a presenter, he was Developing World correspondent, based inLondon, and then Southern Africa correspondent in Johannesburg. As one of the BBC's leading foreigncorrespondents, he reported on events ranging from the genocide in Rwanda to the plight of the MarshArabs in southern Iraq to the civil wars in Afghanistan, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Somalia.He was thepresenter of BBC Four News from its launch in 2002; the programme was later relaunched as The Worldand then another edition of World News Today. In January 2003 he joined the BBC Six O'Clock News,which he co-presented with Sophie Raworth until October 2005, and with Natasha Kaplinsky until October2007. Since 3 December 2007, he has been the sole presenter of the Six O'Clock News. Prior to that, hehad been the deputy anchor of the BBC One O'Clock News and BBC Nine O'Clock News from 1999. Since3 July 2006, he has presented World News Today on BBC World News and BBC Two, which wasrebranded GMT on 1 February 2010. He last appeared on the programme in 2014. He was formerly arelief presenter on BBC News at Ten, presenting mainly Monday to Thursday when main presenters HuwEdwards and Fiona Bruce were unavailable.A specialist on Africa and the developing world, Alagiah hasinterviewed, among others, Nelson Mandela, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, former Secretary-General of theUnited Nations Kofi Annan and President Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe. His other documentaries andfeatures include reports on why affirmative action in America is a 'Lost Cause', for the Assignmentprogramme, Saddam Hussein's genocidal campaign against the Kurds of northern Iraq for the BBC'sNewsnight programme and a report on the last reunion of the veterans of Dunkirk.Awards and interestsIn2000, Alagiah was part of the BBC team which collected a BAFTA award for its coverage of the Kosovoconflict. He has won numerous awards including Best International Report at the Royal Television Societyin 1993 and in 1994 was the overall winner of the Amnesty International UK Media Awards. He wasappointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours.His appearancesat literary festivals include Cheltenham, Keswick, Hay-on-Wye and London, and he has spoken at theRoyal Geographical Society, the Royal Society of Arts and at the Royal Overseas League. He is on theBoard of the Royal Shakespeare Company.From 2002 to 2009, Alagiah was a patron of the FairtradeFoundation from which in July 2009, he was obliged to resign by BBC Management who claimedprofessional conflict of interest. Complaints were received at the BBC from members of the public whowere unhappy that Alagiah had been asked to step down. The BBC responded that in keeping with itsprinciples of impartiality, it would be inappropriate for one of its leading journalists to be seen supportinga movement that clearly represents a controversial view of global trade. He has also been activelyinvolved in supporting microfinance as a tool for development, including recent appearances in support ofOpportunity International. He has been a patron of Parenting UK since 2000.In 2010, he received theOutstanding Achievement in Television award at the Asian Awards.In 2020, his debut novel The BurningLand was shortlisted for a Society of Authors' award. The book is described as a "gripping, pacy thrillerabout corruption and homicide in South Africa".Personal lifeHe is married to Frances Robathan, whom he


Passage 1:OttakootharOttakoothar (c. 12th century CE) was a Tamil court poet to three Later Cholakings, namely Vikrama Chola, Kulotunga II and Rajaraja II. He wrote poems in praise of these threekings.The poet's memorial is believed to be still in a place known as Darasuram in Kumbakonam, justopposite the famous Airavatesvara Temple. According to legend, the goddess Saraswati blessed him inKoothanur, then he became a famous poet.FamilyAccording to a legend, there was once a  Chola kingcalled Muchukundan who had his capital at Karur. He is said to have won the favor of God Murugan afterdeep penances and the latter is said to have bestowed upon him his personal bodyguards to aid him inhis wars. Muchukundan Chola then married Chitravalli, daughter of the warrior chief and Murugan'sbodyguard called Virabahu and spawned a new line. The poet Ottakoothar is presented as the scion of thefamily of this Sengunthar chief in his work Eeti-elupattu. It is worth mentioning that this MuchukundaChola figures in the ancestry of Rajendra I as detailed in his Tiruvalangadu copper plates.LiteraryworksOttakoothar (Tamil: ) is renowned for his Ula poems on the threesuccessive kings, Vikrama Chola, Kulothunga II and Rajaraja II.  The Ula poems are generally written inhonor of the king and describe the triumphant procession of the king amidst the people and his subjects.He also authored a work dealing with the Kulottunga II's childhood called Kulottunga Cholan PillaiTamil.Ottakoothar wrote Uttara Kandam, the seventh (last chapter) kandam of the Tamil epicRamayanam. Ottakoothar's works can be found at the open access Tamil literature repository ProjectMadurai.During this period when he was very popular, the Sengunthar community, the one to which hebelonged, requested him to compose a work in their honor. He initially refused but then later agreedprovided they brought him 1008 heads of their first born sons. Accordingly, 1008 members of thecommunity sacrificed their lives so that he could write about their history. The poet then wrote,Eeti-elupattu, a poem consisting of seventy verses in honor of the spear and extolled the glorious past ofthe Sengunthar chiefs and soldiers. He later wrote another poem called Elupp-elupattu in order to bringback the 1008 dead members to life. When he sang it the heads are said to have miraculously attachedto their bodies and the dead became alive once again. The poet Koothar thus came to be known as OttaKoothar  for he attached the heads to the bodies and revived them.Popular cultureIn the 1957 Tamil filmAmbikapathy, the character of Ottakoothar was portrayed and was performed by M. N. Nambiar. Thecharacter was also played by Rajesh in Mahasakthi Mariamman, a 1986 Tamil film.See alsoKoothanurMaha Saraswathi TemplePassage 2:Rajaraja IIRajaraja II was a chola emperor who reigned from 1150 CEto 1173 CE. He was made his heir apparent and Co-Regent in 1146 and so the inscriptions of Rajaraja IIcount his reign from 1146. Rajaraja's reign began to show signs of the coming end of thedynasty.Growing weaknessThe extent of the Chola territories remained as it was during Rajaraja'spredecessors. The Vengi country was still firmly under the Chola rule.The Chola central administration didshow weaknesses with regard to their control and effective administration over the outlying parts of theempire, which became pronounced towards the end of Raja Raja-II's reign.  However, Rajaraja regainedadequate control of provinces like Vengi, Kalinga, Pandya and Chera territories. He probably eveninvaded Sri Lanka as is explained in one of the Tamil poems written during his time.  This is borne out bythe fact that not just Rajaraja, but also his successors like Kulothunga III bore titles like TribhuvanaChakravartin attesting to their military capabilities and cultural achievements.During the last years ofRajaraja's reign, a civil unrest as a result of a succession dispute convulsed the Pandya country, furtherweakening Chola influence there. This was only to be expected as even though the Pandyas weresubjugated by the Cholas since the time of Aditya I and were firmly controlled until the time ofVirarajendra, the Madurai kingdom nevertheless kept making efforts from time to time, for gaining theirindependence from their occupiers.  Later Pandyas like Maravarman or Maravaramban Sundara Pandyan,Jatavarman Vira Pandyan and Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan steadily went on increasing their power andprestige and were to emerge as the most powerful kingdom in South India during the period 1200–1300.These developments were to slowly but surely weaken the Chola kingdom, though there was a minorrevival during the fairly steady rule of Kulothunga III (1178–1218).In as much as the cholas during his


Passage 1:Dance of Death (disambiguation)Dance of Death, also called Danse Macabre, is alate-medieval allegory of the universality of death.Dance of Death or The Dance of Death may also referto:BooksDance of Death, a 1938 novel by Helen McCloyDance of Death (Stine novel), a 1997 novel by R.L. StineDance of Death (novel), a 2005 novel by Douglas Preston and Lincoln ChildTheatre and filmTheDance of Death (Strindberg play), a 1900 play by August StrindbergThe Dance of Death, a 1908 play byFrank WedekindThe Dance of Death (Auden play), a 1933 play by W. H. AudenFilmThe Death Dance, a1918 drama starring Alice BradyThe Dance of Death (1912 film), a German silent filmThe Dance of Death(1919 film), an Austrian silent filmThe Dance of Death (1938 film), crime drama starring Vesta Victoria;screenplay by Ralph DawsonThe Dance of Death (1948 film), French-Italian drama based on Strindberg'splay, starring Erich von StroheimThe Dance of Death (1967 film), a West German drama filmDance ofDeath or House of Evil, 1968 Mexican horror film starring Boris KarloffDance of Death (1969 film), a filmbased on Strindberg's play, starring Laurence OlivierDance of Death (1979 film), a Hong Kong filmfeaturing Paul ChunMusicDance of Death (album), a 2003 album by Iron Maiden, or the title songTheDance of Death & Other Plantation Favorites, a 1964 album by John FaheyThe Dance of Death(Scaramanga Six album)"Death Dance", a 2016 song by SevendustSee alsoDance of the Dead(disambiguation)Danse Macabre (disambiguation)Bon Odori, a Japanese traditional dance welcoming thespirits of the deadLa danse des morts, an oratorio by Arthur HoneggerTotentanz (disambiguation)Passage2:SennedjemSennedjem was an Ancient Egyptian artisan who was active during the reigns of Seti I andRamesses II. He lived in Set Maat (translated as "The Place of Truth"), contemporary Deir el-Medina, onthe west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes. Sennedjem had the title "Servant in the Place of Truth". Hewas buried along with his wife, Iyneferti, and members of his family in a tomb in the village necropolis.His tomb was discovered January 31, 1886. When Sennedjem's tomb was found, it contained furniturefrom his home, including a stool and a bed, which he used when he was alive.His titles included Servantin the Place of Truth, meaning that he worked on the excavation and decoration of the nearby royaltombs.See alsoTT1 – (Tomb of Sennedjem, family and wife)Passage 3:Kristján EldjárnKristján Eldjárn(Icelandic: [krstjaun ltjaurtn]; 6 December 1916 – 14 September 1982) was the thirdpresident of Iceland, from 1968 to 1980.BiographyKristján was born in Tjörn, Svarfaðardal, Iceland. Hisparents were Þórarinn Kr. Eldjárn, a teacher in Tjörn, and Sigrún Sigurhjartardóttir. He graduated inarchaeology from the University of Copenhagen and taught at the University of Iceland. In 1957 he wasawarded a doctorate for his research into pagan burials in Iceland. He was a teacher at the AkureyriGrammar School and the College of Navigation in Reykjavík, becoming a curator at the National Museumof Iceland in 1945 and its Director in 1947, a position he held until the 1968 presidential election.In1966–68 he hosted a series of educational TV programs on the (then new) Icelandic National Television(RÚV), in which he showed the audience some of the National Museum's artefacts and explained theirhistorical context. These programs became quite popular, making him a well known and respectedpopular figure. This no doubt gave him the incentive needed to run in the 1968 presidential election as apolitically non-affiliated candidate.Starting as the underdog in the 1968 presidential election, runningagainst Ambassador Gunnar Thoroddsen who initially had a 70% lead in the opinion polls, Kristján won65.6% of the vote on a 92.2% voter turnout. He was re-elected unopposed in 1972 and 1976. In 1980 hedecided not to run for another term, wanting to devote his remaining years entirely to continuing hislifelong academic work.President Kristján Eldjárn died following heart surgery in Cleveland, Ohio on 13September 1982.His son Þórarinn Eldjárn is one of Iceland's most popular authors, specializing in shortstories, but also writing poetry and an occasional novel. His daughter Sigrún Eldjárn is also an author andillustrator of several children's books. Þórarinn's son, Ari Eldjárn, is Iceland's most prominent stand-upcomedian.Passage 4:Place of birthThe place of birth (POB) or birthplace is the place where a person wasborn. This place is often used in legal documents, together with name and date of birth, to uniquelyidentify a person. Practice regarding whether this place should be a country, a territory or acity/town/locality differs in different countries, but often city or territory is used for native-born citizen


Passage 1:Stella's oorlogStella's oorlog (Dutch for Stella's war) is a 2009 Dutch drama film directed byDiederik van Rooijen.CastPassage 2:Don Juan in a Girls' SchoolDon Juan in a Girls' School (German: DonJuan in der Mädchenschule) is a 1928 German silent comedy film directed by and starring ReinholdSchünzel. It is based on Hans Stürm's play The Unfaithful Eckehart.The film's art direction was by GustavA. Knauer and Willy Schiller.Two later film versions were The Unfaithful Eckehart (1931) and TheUnfaithful Eckehart (1940).CastIn alphabetical orderErnst Behmer as Studienrat MeiselAdolphe Engers asFritz StürmerCarl Geppert as Studienrat SchädenElse Groß as Mädchen für alles bei Susanne BachMaxGülstorff as Oberstudienrat Arminius NiedlichJulius E. Herrmann as Sala ManderCarola HöhnValerie Jonesas EvaMaria Kamradek as Susanne BachLydia Potechina as Frau TiedemannF. W.Schröder-SchromReinhold Schünzel as Dr. Eckehart BleibtreuLotte Stein as Perle im HauseBleibtreuJakob Tiedtke as Herr TiedemannRolf von Goth as Prinz OsramHilde von Stolz as TrudePassage3:The Unfaithful Eckehart (1931 film)The Unfaithful Eckehart (German: Der ungetreue Eckehart) is a1931 German comedy film directed by Carl Boese and starring Ralph Arthur Roberts, Fritz Schulz andPaul Hörbiger. The film is based on the play of the same title by Hans Stürm. It was remade in 1940. Asilent film was made by Reinhold Schünzel in 1928 under the title Don Juan in a Girls' School.SynopsisAman who is faithful to his wife is mistakenly blamed for the philandering antics of hisbrother-in-law.CastPassage 4:Diederik van RooijenDiederik van Rooijen (born 26 December 1975) is aDutch television and film director.CareerFilmVan Rooijen graduated in 2001 from the Netherlands FilmAcademy with his English-language film Chalk. Chalk was also one of the graduation films ofcinematographer Lennert Hillege. Van Rooijen and Hillege worked together on many films in the yearsthat followed, including Mass (2005), De bode (2005), Bollywood Hero (2009), Stella's oorlog (2009),Taped (2012) and Daylight (Daglicht) (2013).In 2002, he directed the film A Funeral for Mr. Smitheewhich follows an unnamed girl (Priscilla Knetemann) burying a dead bird. His short film Babyphoned wonthe NPS Award for Best Short Film at the 2002 Netherlands Film Festival.Van Rooijen made his featurefilm debut with his 2003 film Zulaika. The film is the first Antillean youth film spoken entirely inPapiamento.Van Rooijen won the UNESCO Award Prix Jeunesse for his film Genji (2006).His 2007 filmEen trui voor kip Saar was made during the 2007 Netherlands Film Festival on request of the guest ofhonor Burny Bos who asked to adapt his 1986 children's book of the same name.Van Rooijen moved toLos Angeles late 2014 to work on projects in the United States. Van Rooijen made his debut in Hollywoodwith the 2018 horror film The Possession of Hannah Grace.In 2019, the film Penoza: The Final Chapterconcluded the story of the television series Penoza that he also directed. The film became the best visitedDutch film of 2019.TelevisionHe directed the Dutch television series Penoza as well as episodes of thetelevision series Meiden van de Wit, Parels & zwijnen, Keyzer & De Boer Advocaten and Spoorloosverdwenen. The television series Penoza was adapted into the 2013 American drama series Red Widowby Melissa Rosenberg. Penoza was also adapted into the 2015 Swedish television series Gåsmamman.VanRooijen also directed many commercials for the Dutch supermarket chain Albert Heijn featuring HarryPiekema playing the role of a supermarket manager. Van Rooijen also made commercials for othercompanies and brands, such as McDonald's, KPN, Ziggo and Unox. He won a Bronze Lion award at theCannes Film Festival in 2006 for his Volkswagen GTI commercial.In 2019, Van Rooijen worked on thetelevision series Heirs of the Night based on the German book series Die Erben der Nacht written byUlrike Schweikert. The first episode aired in October 2019 and a second season aired in 2020.He alsodirected the 2023 crime television series Anoniem.FilmographyFilm2001: Chalk2002: A Funeral for Mr.Smithee2002: Babyphoned2003: Zulaika2005: Mass2005: De bode2006: Dummy2006: Genji2007: Eentrui voor kip Saar2007: Het boze oog2009: Bollywood Hero2009: Stella's oorlog2012: Taped2013:Daylight (Daglicht)2018: The Possession of Hannah Grace2019: Penoza: The Final ChapterTelevision2003– 2005: Meiden van de Wit2005 – 2008: Parels & zwijnen2005: Keyzer & De Boer Advocaten2006:Spoorloos verdwenen2008: Deadline2010 – 2015: Penoza2019 – 2020: Heirs of the Night2023:AnoniemNotesPassage 5:Reinhold SchünzelReinhold Schünzel (7 November 1888 – 11 November 1954)


Passage 1:O Valencia!"O Valencia!" is the fifth single by the indie rock band The Decemberists, and thefirst released from their fourth studio album, The Crane Wife.The music was written by The Decemberistsand the lyrics by Colin Meloy. It tells a story of two star-crossed lovers. The singer falls in love with aperson who belongs to an opposing gang. At the end of the song, the singer's lover jumps in to defendthe singer, who is confronting his lover's brother (the singer's "sworn enemy") and is killed by the bulletintended for the singer.Track listingThe 7" single sold in the UK was mispressed, with "Culling of the Fold"as the B-side despite the artwork and record label listing "After the Bombs" as the B-side.Music videosForthe "O Valencia!" music video, The Decemberists filmed themselves in front of a green screen and askedfans to complete it by digitally adding in background images or footage. Stephen Colbert of The ColbertReport, having recently asked fans to do the same with a video of him with a light saber in front of agreen screen, brought up The Decemberists on his segment "Look Who's Riding on My Coattails Now" andaccused the band of stealing the idea. The Decemberists' response was to challenge Stephen Colbert to aguitar solo showdown on December 20, 2006, on The Colbert Report.On January 19, 2007, TheDecemberists premiered an alternate music video of "O Valencia!", directed by Aaron Stewart-Ahn, onMTV2. The video follows a character named Patrick, played by Meloy, as he and his love Francesca (LisaMolinaro), daughter of "the Boss", plan an escape to an unknown location. At a cafe, a man in a suit,portrayed by the band member Chris Funk, tells him to hide in the "Valencia" hotel (the Super Value Innon North Interstate Avenue in Portland, Oregon) while he gets them the necessary documentation toescape. Above the name of the hotel, there is a neon sign that reads "Office". The letters have all burntout except for the "O", creating the title of the song. The video then introduces other characters - variousassassination teams - who sit in different rooms of the hotel waiting for the chance to catch the twolovers. Most are portrayed by other members of the band (along with Meloy's wife, Carson Ellis). They killoff any potential witnesses to their plan. Patrick manages to take down one member from each team,before they gang up on him. The Boss arrives, along with the man from the cafe, who reveals that hesnitched on Patrick and Francesca. They execute Francesca, while forcing Patrick to watch. After theyleave, Patrick finds a note by Francesca, which reveals that she never fell in love with him, and onlywanted protection. 2 months later, Patrick and the man, who has lost an eye from a previousassassination attempt, have a sit-down at the same cafe. The man reveals that he snitched on Patrickjust to take over the town. Patrick reveals that he poisoned a drink the man was having, but before hecould get away, the man stabs Patrick in the neck with a fork before dying, followed by Patrick.The videois somewhat influenced by the distinct style and themes of director Wes Anderson, with bold fonts beingused to introduce characters and groups on the bottom of the screen (much like in the film The RoyalTenenbaums). The band had previously (and more explicitly) drawn influence from Anderson's Rushmorein their video for "Sixteen Military Wives". The layout of the hotel is also similar to the one used in BottleRocket.Kurt Nishimura was chosen as the winner by mtvU for his video that depicted a love affairbetween a woman and her television, with the TV containing the green-screened Decemberists videofootage.Passage 2:Mimi (song)"Mimi" is a popular song written by Richard Rodgers, with words by LorenzHart. It was featured in the movie Love Me Tonight (1932), in which it was first sung by MauriceChevalier to Jeanette MacDonald, then later reprised by the entire company. Sergio Franchi performedthis song January 2, 1964 on the ABC Television special, Victor Borge At Carnegie Hall. Sergio Franchialso recorded "Mimi" on his 1963 RCA Victor Red Seal album. Women In My Life.Passage 3:CasparBabypantsCaspar Babypants is the stage name of children's music artist Chris Ballew, who is also thevocalist and bassist of The Presidents of the United States of America.HistoryBallew's first brush withchildren's music came in 2002, when he recorded and donated an album of traditional children's songs tothe nonprofit Program for Early Parent Support titled "PEPS Sing A Long!" Although that was a positiveexperience for him, he did not consider making music for families until he met his wife, collage artist KateEndle. Her art inspired Ballew to consider making music that "sounded like her art looked" as he has said.Ballew began writing original songs and digging up nursery rhymes and folk songs in the public domain to


Passage 1:Lyon CohenLyon Cohen (born Yehuda Leib Cohen; May 11, 1868 – August 17, 1937) was a Polish-born Canadian businessman and a philanthropist. He was the grandfather of singer/poet Leonard Cohen.BiographyCohen was born in Congress Poland, part of the Russian Empire, to a Jewish family on May 11, 1868. He immigrated to Canada with his parents in 1871. He was educated at the McGill Model School and the Catholic Commercial Academy in Montreal. In 1888, he entered the firm of Lee & Cohen in Montreal; later became partner with his father in the firm of L. Cohen & Son; in 1895, he established W. R. Cuthbert & Co; in 1900, he organized the Canadian Improvement Co., a dredging contractor; in 1906, he founded The Freedman Co. in Montreal; and in May 1919, he organized and became President of Canadian Export Clothiers, Ltd.  The Freedman Company went on to become one of Montreal’s largest clothing companies.In 1897, Cohen and Samuel William Jacobs founded the Canadian Jewish Times, the first English-language Jewish newspaper in Canada. The newspaper promoted the Canadianization of recent East European Jewish immigrants and encouraged their acceptance of Canadian customs as Cohen felt that the old world customs of immigrant Jews were one of the main causes of anti-Semitism. In 1914, the paper was purchased by Hirsch Wolofsky, owner of the Yiddish-language Keneder Adler, who transformed it into the Canadian Jewish Chronicle.He died on August 17, 1937, at the age of 69.PhilanthropyCohen was elected the first president of the Canadian Jewish Congress in 1919 and organized the Jewish Immigrant Aid Services of Canada. Cohen was also a leader of the Young Men’s Hebrew Benevolent Society (later the Baron de Hirsch Institute) and the United Talmud Torahs, a Jewish day school in Montreal. He also served as president of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim and president of the Jewish Colonization Association in Canada.Personal lifeCohen married Rachel Friedman of Montreal on February 17, 1891. She was the founder and President of Jewish Endeavour Sewing School. They had three sons and one daughter:Nathan Bernard Cohen, who served as a lieutenant in the World War; he married Lithuanian Jewish immigrant Masha Klonitsky and they had one daughter and one son:Esther Cohen andsinger/poet Leonard Cohen.Horace Rives Cohen, who was a captain and quartermaster of his battalion in World War I;Lawrence Zebulun Cohen, student at McGill University, andSylvia Lillian Cohen.Passage 2:Trịnh CươngTrịnh Cương (Hán tự: ; 9 July 1686 – 20 December 1729) was the lord who ruled Tonkin from 1709 to 1729 (his title as ruler was An Đô Vương). Trịnh Cương was born to Trịnh Bính, a grandson of the former lord Trịnh Căn. He belonged to the line of Trịnh lords who had ruled parts of Vietnam since 1545. Like his great-grandfather and predecessor, Trịnh Căn, his reign was mostly devoted to administrative reforms.BiographyTrịnh Cương ruled Việt Nam during a time of external peace but growing internal strife. He enacted many governmental reforms in both financial matters and judicial rules. His main concern was the growing problem of landless peasants. Unlike the Nguyễn lords who were constantly expanding their territory south, the Trịnh lords had little room for expansion. Hence, the land supply was essentially fixed but the population kept growing.Trịnh Cương tried various legislative means to solve the problem. He tried to limit private land holdings. He tried to redistribute the communal fields of the small villages. Nothing really worked and the problem became very serious over the succeeding decades. According to historian R. H. Bruce Lockhart, the governmental reforms enacted by Trịnh Cương and his great-grandfather, Trịnh Căn, made the government more effective but, they also made the government more of a burden to the people. This had the effect of increasing the hatred felt by the people towards the Trịnh rulers in Hanoi.Trịnh Cương passed an edict forbidding people to practice Christianity in 1712. Like previous efforts to suppress Christianity, this had little real effect in Vietnam. However, he tried to offer the people an alternative, and he had many Buddhist pagodas constructed during his rule.As far as the Lê dynasty was concerned, the emperor, Lê Dụ Tông, ruled throughout Trịnh Cương's lifetime. The two men died within a few months of each other in 1729.SourcesEncyclopedia of Asian History, Volume 4. 1988. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.Annam and its Minor Currency Chapter 16 (downloaded May 2006)See alsoTrịnh lordsLê dynastyPassage 3:Kaya AlpKaya Alp (Ottoman Turkish:  , lit. 'Brave Rock') was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kızıl Buğa or Basuk and the father of Suleyman Shah. He was the grandfather of Ertuğrul Ghazi, the father of the founder of the Ottoman Empire, Osman I. He was also


Passage 1:La PuntaLa Punta, Spanish for "the point" or the promontory and may refer to:La Punta, SanLuis, ArgentinaLa Punta District, PeruSan Giovanni la Punta, ItalySan Salvador de la Punta Fortress,CubaSee alsoPunta (disambiguation)Passage 2:Turning PointA turning point, or climax, is the point ofhighest tension in a narrative work.Turning Point or Turning Points may refer to:FilmThe Turning Point, a1914 silent film starring Caroline CookeThe Turning Point (1920 film), an American film starringKatherine MacDonaldThe Turning Point (1945 film), a Soviet film by Fridrikh Markovitch ErmlerTheTurning Point (1952 film), a crime drama starring Edmond O'BrienTurning Point (1960 film), an AustralianTV playThe Turning Point (1977 film), a drama starring Shirley MacLaine and Anne BancroftThe TurningPoint (1978 film), a Soviet drama film directed by Vadim AbdrashitovThe Turning Point (1983 film), anEast German film by Frank BeyerTurning Point (2009 Hong Kong film), a spin-off to the 2009 Hong Kongtelevision drama series E.U.Turning Point (2009 American film), a documentary film on the travels ofMichelle YeohTurning Point (2012 film), a 2012 drama film by Niyi TowolawiThe Turning Point (2022film), an Italian filmLiteratureThe Turning Point (book), a 1982 nonfiction book by Fritjof CapraBatman:Turning Points, a 5-issue limited series of comicsThe Turning Point, a 1942 autobiography by KlausMannThe Turning Point, a 1988 short story by Isaac AsimovMusicTurning Point (American band), anAmerican straight-edge hardcore bandTurning Point (UK band), a late 1970s UK fusionbandAlbumsTurning Point (Benny Golson album) (1962)Turning Point (Mario album) (2004)The TurningPoint (John Mayall album) (1969)The Turning Point (McCoy Tyner album) (1992)Turning Point (LonnieSmith album) (1969)Turning Point (Pink Lady album) (1980)Turning Point (Chuck Wicks album)(2016)Turning Point (Paul Bley album)Turning Point, a 1995 album by Rory BlockTurning Point (Dr SIDalbum) (2010)Songs"Turning Point" (Tyrone Davis song) (1976)"Turning Point", a song by BuckwheatZydeco"Turning Point", a 2013 song by Killswitch Engage from Disarm the Descent"Turning Point", a songby Mighty Joe Young"Turning Point", a 1967 song by Nina Simone from Silk & Soul"The Turning Point", asong by Toto from TambuOrganizationsTurning Point (institute), a training and counseling institute inIrelandTurning Point (charity), a social care organisation in the United KingdomTurning Point Alcohol andDrug Centre, in Melbourne, AustraliaTurning Point USA, an American conservative, right-wingorganizationTurning Point UK, an off-shoot of Turning Point USATelevisionTurning Point (ministry),carried on TBN, broadcast from San Diego County, United StatesTurning Point, an American dramaticanthology series broadcast on NBC from April to October 1958 consisting of two unsold pilots and rerunsfrom other seriesTurning Point (1991 TV series), an Indian science magazine TV seriesTurning Point (TVprogram) (1994–1999), an American news programTurning Points of History, a History TelevisionseriesImpact Wrestling Turning Point, a professional wrestling pay-per-view event and episode of ImpactWrestlingTurning Point (2004 wrestling), the first event in the seriesTurning Point (2005 wrestling), aprofessional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2006 wrestling), a professional wrestlingpay-per-view eventTurning Point (2007 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurningPoint (2008 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2009 wrestling), aprofessional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2010 wrestling), a professional wrestlingpay-per-view eventTurning Point (2011 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurningPoint (2012 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2013 wrestling), aprofessional wrestling episode of Impact WrestlingTurning Point (January 2015 wrestling), a professionalwrestling pay-per-view event as part of the One Night Only seriesTurning Point (August 2015 wrestling),a professional wrestling episode of Impact WrestlingTurning Point (2016 wrestling), a professionalwrestling episode of Impact WrestlingTurning Point (2019 wrestling), a professional wrestling exclusiveevent on Impact Plus"Turning Point" (Amphibia), an episode of Amphibia"Turning Point" (Planetesepisode)"Turning Point" (Spider-Man), an episode of the 1994 animated series"The Turning Point" (TheVampire Diaries), a 2009 episode of The Vampire DiariesOther usesTurning Point: Fall of Liberty, a 2008first-person shooter video gameTurning point, in mathematics: a stationary point at which the derivativechanges signSee alsoCursus (classical)Turning (disambiguation)Passage 3:Edoardo MulargiaEdoardo


Passage 1:Joely CollinsJoely Collins (born Joely Meri Bertorelli; August 8, 1972) is a Canadian actress.She is the daughter of Andrea Bertorelli and of English musician Phil Collins.Early lifeBorn and raisedlargely in Vancouver, British Columbia, Collins studied at the Vancouver Youth Theatre, and later atLondon's Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts. She was adopted by her mother's husband, Phil Collins, upontheir marriage in 1975. They later had one child, son Simon (born in 1976). She was named Canada's"Best Leading Actress" at the age of 22 for her work on the television series Madison. She appeared onthe long-running drama Cold Squad. In 2009, she co-founded StoryLab Productions and produced theaward-winning feature film Becoming Redwood.Actress Lily Collins is her half-sister, born to her fatherPhil Collins and his second wife Jill Tavelman after he and her mother Andrea Bertorelli divorced in1980.Collins won the award for Best Actress in a Canadian Film at the Vancouver Film Critics CircleAwards 2004 for The Love Crimes of Gillian Guess.Personal lifeCollins married Dutch-born StefanBuitelaar on August 23, 2008, in Leiden, Netherlands. On October 26, 2009, Collins gave birth to theirdaughter, Zoë Amelie.FilmographyFilmTelevisionPassage 2:Phil CollinsPhilip David Charles Collins  (born30 January 1951) is an English singer, drummer, songwriter, record producer and actor. He was thedrummer and later lead singer of the rock band Genesis and also has a career as a solo performer.Between 1982 and 1990, Collins achieved three UK and seven US number one singles as a solo artist.When his work with Genesis, his work with other artists, as well as his solo career are totalled, he wasresponsible for more US top 40 singles than any other artist during the 1980s. His most successful singlesfrom the period include "In the Air Tonight", "Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)", "One MoreNight", "Sussudio", "Another Day in Paradise" and "I Wish It Would Rain Down".Born and raised in westLondon, Collins began playing drums at five and completed drama school training, which secured himvarious roles as a child actor, with his first major role at 13 as the Artful Dodger in the West End musicalOliver!. He then pursued a musical career, joining Genesis in 1970 as their drummer and becoming leadsinger in 1975 following the departure of Peter Gabriel. Collins began a successful solo career in the1980s, initially inspired by his marital breakdown and love of soul music, releasing the albums Face Value(1981), Hello, I Must Be Going (1982), No Jacket Required (1985) and ...But Seriously (1989). Collinsbecame, in the words of AllMusic, "one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the'80s and beyond". He also became known for a distinctive gated reverb drum sound on many of hisrecordings. In 1985, he was the only artist to perform at both Live Aid concerts. He also resumed hisacting career, appearing in Miami Vice and subsequently starring in the film Buster (1988).Collins leftGenesis in 1996 to focus on solo work; this included writing songs for Disney's animated film Tarzan(1999). He wrote and performed the songs, "Two Worlds", "Son of Man", "Strangers Like Me" and "You'llBe in My Heart", the latter of which earned him the Academy Award for Best Original Song. He rejoinedGenesis for their Turn It On Again Tour in 2007. Following a five-year retirement to focus on his familylife, Collins released his memoir in 2016 and completed his Not Dead Yet Tour in 2019. He then rejoinedGenesis in 2020 for a second reunion tour, ending in March 2022.Collins's discography includes eightstudio albums that have sold 33.5 million certified units in the US and an estimated 150 million recordssold worldwide, making him one of the world's best-selling artists. He is one of only three recordingartists, along with Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson, who have sold over 100 million records both assolo artists and separately as principal members of a band. He has won eight Grammy Awards, six BritAwards (winning Best British Male Artist three times), two Golden Globe Awards, one Academy Award,and a Disney Legend Award. He was awarded six Ivor Novello Awards from the British Academy ofSongwriters, Composers and Authors, including the International Achievement Award. He received a staron the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1999, and was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003 andthe Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Genesis in 2010. He has also been recognised by musicpublications with induction into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2012, and the Classic Drummer Hallof Fame in 2013.Early lifePhilip David Charles Collins was born on 30 January 1951 at Putney Hospital inWandsworth, south-west London. His father, Greville Philip Austin Collins (1907–1972), was an insurance


Passage 1:George IV, Count of Erbach-FürstenauGeorge IV, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau (12 May 1646 –20 June 1678), was a member of the German House of Erbach who held the fiefs of Fürstenau,Michelstadt, Reichenberg, Bad König and Breuberg.Born in Hanau, he was the eighth child and fifth (butthird surviving) son of George Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg and his third wife Elisabeth Dorothea,a daughter of George Frederick II, Count of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg in Schillingsfürst.LifeBecause he andhis brothers were still minors at the time of their father's death in 1647, the guardianship and rule overthe Erbach domains were assigned to their eldest half-brother George Ernest, who ruled alone until hisdeath in 1669, without issue. George IV and his surviving younger brothers George Louis I and GeorgeAlbert II jointly held the Erbach lands until 1672, when  formal division of their possessions was effected:George IV received the districts of Fürstenau, Michelstadt, Bad König and Breuberg.George IV pursued amilitary career, and eventually he was appointed major-general in the Netherlands. He died in the Waalriver near Tiel, aged 32, at the end of the Franco-Dutch War, and was buried in Michelstadt.Marriage andissueIn Arolsen on 22 August 1671 George IV married Louise Anna (18 April 1653 – 30 June 1714),heiress of Culemborg and daughter of Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck by his wife Elisabeth Charlotte ofNassau-Siegen. They had four children:Sophie Charlotte (23 September 1672 – April 1673)AmalieMauritiana (1674 – 1675)William Frederick (March 1676 – 18 August 1676)Charlotte Wilhelmine Albertine(posthumously; 18 September 1678 – 20 March 1683)Because he died without surviving male issue, hisdomains reverted to his brothers, who divided them between themselves.== Notes ==Passage 2:GeorgeAlbert II, Count of Erbach-FürstenauGeorge Albert II, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau (26 February 1648 – 23March 1717), was a member of the German House of Erbach who held the fiefs of Fürstenau, Schönberg,Seeheim, Reichenberg and Breuberg.Born in Fürstenau, he was the ninth child and sixth (but fourthsurviving) son of George Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg and his third wife Elisabeth Dorothea, adaughter of George Frederick II, Count of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg in Schillingsfürst. He was born threemonths after his father's death, on 25 November 1647.LifeHe pursued a military career and became anOberstleutnant of the Imperial army.Following the division of the Erbach patrimony in 1672, GeorgeAlbert II received the districts of Schönberg, Seeheim and 1/4 of Breuberg; in 1678, following the deathof his brother George IV, he added to his domains the districts of Fürstenau and Reichenberg.GeorgeAlbert II died in Fürstenau aged 69 and was buried in Michelstadt.== Notes ==Passage 3:George AlbertI, Count of Erbach-SchönbergGeorge Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg (16 December 1597 – 25November 1647), was a German prince member of the House of Erbach and ruler over Schönberg,Seeheim, Reichenberg, Fürstenau and since 1643 over all the Erbach family lands.Born in Erbach, he wasthe fourth child and second (but eldest surviving) son of George III, Count of Erbach-Breuberg and hisfourth wife Maria, a daughter of Count Albert X of Barby-Mühlingen.LifeAfter the death of their father,George Albert I and his surviving elder half-brothers divided the Erbach domains in 1606: he received thedistricts of Schönberg and Seeheim.In 1617 he was captured by pirates and taken to Tunis, but shortlyafter he was ransomed.In 1623, after the death of his eldest half-brother Frederick Magnus withoutsurviving issue, the remaining brothers divided his domains: George Albert I received the district ofReichenberg.In 1627, with the death of another half-brother, John Casimir, unmarried and without issue,was made another land division; this time George Albert I received Fürstenau. Finally, the death of hislast surviving half-brother Louis I in 1643 without living sons, allowed George Albert I to reunite all theErbach family possessions.George Albert I died in Erbach aged 49 and was buried inMichelstadt.Marriages and IssueIn Erbach on 29 May 1624 George Albert I married firstly with Magdalena(13 November 1595 – 31 July 1633), a daughter of Johann VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg and his thirdwife Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein. They had six children:Ernest Louis Albert (6 October 1626 – 10May 1627).Louise Albertine (5 October 1628 – 20 October 1645).George Ernest, Count ofErbach-Wildenstein (7 October 1629 – 25 August 1669).Maria Charlotte (24 March 1631 – 8 June 1693),married on 15 June 1650 to Count Johann Ernest of Isenburg-Büdingen in Wächtersbach.Anna Philippina(15 July 1632 – 16 March 1633).Stillborn son (31 July 1633).On 23 February 1634 George Albert I


Passage 1:Agatha (wife of Samuel of Bulgaria)Agatha (Bulgarian: Агата, Greek: Άγάθη; fl. late 10th century) was the wife of Emperor Samuel of Bulgaria.BiographyAccording to a later addition to the history of the late-11th-century Byzantine historian John Skylitzes, Agatha was a captive from Larissa, and the daughter of the magnate of Dyrrhachium, John Chryselios. Skylitzes explicitly refers to her as the mother of Samuel's heir Gavril Radomir, which means that she was probably Samuel's wife. On the other hand, Skylitzes later mentions that Gavril Radomir himself also took a beautiful captive, named Irene, from Larissa as his wife. According to the editors of the Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit, this may have been a source of confusion for a later copyist, and Agatha's real origin was not Larissa, but Dyrrhachium. According to the same work, it is likely that she had died by ca. 998, when her father surrendered Dyrrhachium to the Byzantine emperor Basil II.Only two of Samuel's and Agatha's children are definitely known by name: Gavril Radomir and Miroslava. Two further, unnamed, daughters are mentioned in 1018, while Samuel is also recorded as having had a bastard son.Agatha is one of the central characters in Dimitar Talev's novel Samuil.Passage 2:Nína TryggvadóttirNína Tryggvadóttir (March 16, 1913 – June 18, 1968) was born Jónína Tryggvadóttir in Seyðisfjörður, Iceland. She was one of Iceland's most important abstract expressionist artists and one of very few Icelandic female artists of her generation.Early lifeNína Tryggvadóttir was born on March 16, 1913, in Seyðisfjörður. In 1920 the family moved to Reykjavik. She studied art from Ásgrímur Jónsson, a close relative on her father’s side. From 1933 to 1935 she also attended classes of Finnur Jonsson and Johann Briem. She moved to Copenhagen in 1935 where she studied art at the Royal Academy of Art. After graduating from the Academy in 1939 she spent time studying in Paris and was quite taken by the city.CareerIn 1942 she and her fellow artist Louisa Matthíasdóttir moved to New York City to study at the Art Students League of New York and develop her art further. There she took an active part in the city’s art scene.In 1949 she married Alfred L. Copley (alter ego: L. Alcopley). Later that year she went to Iceland for a short visit. There she was informed that she was not able to return to the United States because she was suspected of being a Communist sympathizer.During her exile from the United States she lived in various places in Europe, Iceland being one of them. Copley joined her in Paris where they lived for a few years together with their daughter Una Dóra Copley, born 1951. During those years Nina kept making and practicing her art, exhibiting in many places and traveling through Europe. They returned to New York City in 1959 where Nína continued to work on her art and exhibiting mostly in Europe. During all her years abroad Nína kept exhibiting in Iceland and was her input very valuable to the art society in Iceland.Mainly working in painting she also did paper collage, stained glass work, mosaic and more. She frequently based her compositions on nature where Icelandic landscape and the Nordic light played an important role.DeathShe died on June 18, 1968, in New York.Legacy and recognitionIn 2012, a crater on Mercury was named after Tryggvadóttir.In May 2018, the Reykjavík City Council signed a declaration of intent between the city and couple Una Dóra Copley and Scott Jeffries to set up an art museum dedicated to Nína Tryggvadóttir. The couple donated their art collection to the city.In 2023 her work was included in the exhibition Action, Gesture, Paint: Women Artists and Global Abstraction 1940-1970 at the Whitechapel Gallery in London.See alsoList of Icelandic women artistsPassage 3:Alfred L. CopleyAlfred Lewin Copley (1910–1992) was a German-American medical scientist and an artist at the New York School in the 1950s. As an artist he worked under the name L. Alcopley. He is best known as an artist for his abstract expressionist paintings, and as a scientist for his work in the field of hemorheology. He was married to the Icelandic artist Nína Tryggvadóttir.Work as a medical scientistAs a scientist, Copley studied the rheology of blood. In 1948 he introduced the word biorheology to describe rheology in biological systems.In 1952 he introduced the word hemorheology, to describe the study of the way blood and blood vessels function as part of the living organism.In 1966 he established the International Society of Hemorheology, which changed its name and scope in 1969 to the International Society of Biorheology (ISB).  In 1972 the ISB awarded him its Poiseuille gold medal.Work as an artistIn 1949 he was one of twenty artists who founded the Eighth Street Club. The group also included Franz Kline, Willem de Kooning and Alcopley's close friend, the composer


Passage 1:Abe MeyerAbe Meyer (1901–1969) was an American composer of film scores.SelectedfilmographyPainted Faces (1929)Honeymoon Lane (1931)Unholy Love (1932)A Strange Adventure(1932)Take the Stand (1934)Legong (1935)The Unwelcome Stranger (1935)Suicide Squad (1935)TheMine with the Iron Door (1936)The Devil on Horseback (1936)Song of the Trail (1936)County Fair(1937)The 13th Man (1937)Raw Timber (1937)Roaring Timber (1937)The Law Commands (1937)ThePainted Trail (1938)My Old Kentucky Home (1938)The Secret of Treasure Island (1938)Saleslady(1938)Numbered Woman  (1938)The Marines Are Here (1938)Fisherman's Wharf (1939)UndercoverAgent (1939)Passage 2:Tarcisio FuscoTarcisio Fusco was an Italian composer of film scores. He was thebrother of the composer Giovanni Fusco and the uncle of operatic soprano Cecilia Fusco.SelectedfilmographyBoccaccio (1940)Free Escape (1951)Abracadabra (1952)The Eternal Chain (1952)Beauties inCapri (1952)Milanese in Naples (1954)Conspiracy of the Borgias (1959)Passage 3:Thomas MorseThomasMorse (born June 30, 1968) is a composer of film and concert music.Life and composing careerHe beganhis musical career while in high school, writing his first orchestral work. After receiving a bachelor'sdegree in composition from the University of North Texas, Morse began a composition master's degree atUSC in Los Angeles, changing over to the film scoring program in the second year.In the years thatfollowed, Morse composed orchestral scores for more than a dozen feature films including The Big BrassRing, based on an Orson Welles script, with William Hurt & Miranda Richardson who received a GoldenGlobe nomination for her performance; The Sisters (Maria Bello & Elizabeth Banks); and The Apostate(with Dennis Hopper), as well as the noted orchestral score for Jerry Bruckheimer's CBS series TheAmazing Race.Working parallel in the field of popular music, he created string arrangements on songs fornumerous artists including a posthumous Michael Hutchence release entitled Possibilities.In 2013 hesigned a worldwide publishing agreement with Music Sales Group in New York, parent company of G.Schirmer.Notable music for film and televisionNotable music for film and television:2014 Come Back toMe2005 The Sisters2001-2005 The Amazing Race (69 Episodes)2001 Lying in Wait2000 TheApostate1999 The Big Brass RingOpera2017 Frau SchindlerOther works2013 Code Novus (album)Passage4:Yandé Codou, la griotte de SenghorYandé Codou, la griotte de Senghor is a 2008 Belgian-Senegalesedocumentary film written and directed by Angèle Diabang Brener and starring Yandé Codou Sène — twoyears prior to her death. The documentary is a portrayal of the life and work of Yandé Codou Sène,official griot to President Léopold Sédar Senghor, and one of the most influential Senegalese andSenegambian artists for decades despite not recording her first album until the age of sixty-five. Themusic is provided by Yandé Codou Sène, Wasis Diop and Youssou N'Dour.SynopsisThe griotte YandéCodou Sène, who is now around 80 years old, is one of the last representatives of the Serer polyphonicpoetry. This documentary, shot over four years, is an intimate portrait of the diva that traveled throughthe history of Senegal by the side of one of the country's legendary figures, poet President, LéopoldSédar Senghor. A sweet and bitter story about greatness, glory and the passage of time.AwardsFestivalde Cine de Dakar 2008: Audience Award for Best Documentary (6 December 2008)Passage 5:AndréSenghorAndré Koupouleni Senghor (born 28 January 1986), is a Senegalese footballer who played as astriker. He is currently playing for Chinese Super League team Cangzhou Mighty Lions.ClubcareerSenghor was loaned to Raja Casablanca, where he scored two goals in his first league match,against CODM Meknès, the second was one of the best of season.Senghor also played an important rolein Al-Karamah's run in the AFC Champions League 2007, while he was with the club on loan during2007.International careerOn 28 March 2009, he made his debut for the Senegal national football teamagainst Oman.Career statisticsAs of 3 January 2023.NotesPassage 6:Bert GrundBert Grund (1920–1992)was a German composer of film scores.Selected filmographyCrown Jewels (1950)Immortal Light (1951)ICan't Marry Them All (1952)We're Dancing on the Rainbow (1952)My Wife Is Being Stupid (1952)Knalland Fall as Detectives (1952)The Bachelor Trap (1953)The Bird Seller (1953)The Immortal Vagabond(1953)The Sun of St. Moritz (1954)The Witch (1954)The Major and the Bulls (1955)Operation SleepingBag (1955)Love's Carnival (1955)The Marriage of Doctor Danwitz (1956)Between Time and Eternity


Passage 1:Secrets of a Door-to-Door SalesmanSecrets of a Door-to-Door Salesman is a 1973 sex comedyfilm directed by Wolf Rilla. Also known as Naughty Wives.PlotThe film is about a young man who gets ajob as a vacuum salesman and finds that he has to fight off advances from femalecustomers.CastBrendan Price – David ClydeSue Longhurst – PennyFelicity Devonshire – SusanneVictoriaBurgoyne – Sally CockburnGraham Stark - Charlie VincentChic Murray – PolicemanBernard Spear - JakeTripperJean Harrington – MartinaSteve Patterson – Anthony ClydeJacqueline Logan – Mrs.DonovanElizabeth Romilly – NancyJan Servais – JaneJacqueline Afrique – RachelJohnny Briggs -LomanKaren Boyes – GirlfriendDavid Rayner – Bruce, the art directorRon Alexander – Ron, theassistantNoelle Finch – Edith Simons, the reporterPassage 2:Bill Porter (salesman)William Douglas Porter(September 9, 1932 – December 3, 2013) was an American salesman, who worked for WatkinsIncorporated based out of Winona, Minnesota. Born with cerebral palsy, Porter's background and workwas brought to the public's attention in 1995 when an Oregon-based newspaper published a series offeature stories about him.LifePorter was born in San Francisco, California, and at a young age moved toPortland, Oregon along with his mother. He was unable to gain employment due to his cerebral palsy, butrefused to go on disability. Porter eventually convinced Watkins Incorporated to give him a door-to-doorsalesman job, selling its products on a seven-mile route in the Portland area. He eventually becameWatkins' top seller, and worked for the company for over forty years.In 1995, the newspaper TheOregonian ran a feature story about Porter. The story of his optimistic determination made him thesubject of media attention across the United States. He was featured in Reader's Digest and on ABC's20/20. The 20/20 broadcast received over 2000 phone calls and letters, which was the most ever for a20/20 story. Porter was the subject of a 2002 made-for-TV movie on TNT called Door to Door, featuringWilliam H. Macy, Kyra Sedgwick and Helen Mirren. In 2009 the Japanese TBS network aired a TV movieloosely based on Bill Porter, also called Door to Door. It starred Ninomiya Kazunari and Rosa Kato asfictional versions of Porter and Brady. Porter died of an infection in Gresham, Oregon, on December 3,2013, at the age of 81.Passage 3:The Fuller Brush ManThe Fuller Brush Man is a 1948 American comedyfilm starring Red Skelton as a door-to-door salesman for the Fuller Brush Company who becomes amurder suspect.PlotSuccess doesn't exactly stare the unfortunate street cleaner Red Jones (Red Skelton)in the eye, and when he decides to propose to his sweetheart Ann Elliot (Janet Blair), who is a secretaryat the Fuller Brush company, she demands that he makes something more of himself before she canaccept the offer. She suggests he should follow the example of a salesman and friend of hers, KeenanWallick (Don McGuire), who works at her company. Red gets a chance to prove himself worthy soonerthan he had expected when he is fired from his job as a cleaner by his boss, Gordon Trist (Nicholas Joy),because he accidentally sets a trash can on fire in the line of duty, and smashes Trist's car window. Anngives him a chance to show his skills as a door-to-door salesman for the Fuller Brush company, and he isteamed up with her friend Keenan. Both Ann and Red are unaware that Keenan himself has a romanticinterest in Ann, and wants to get Red out of the way as soon as possible, so he can pursue Ann withoutcompetition. Keenan assigns Red a list of the hardest homes, and Red fails tremendously with his task ofselling to an almost impossible potential customer. He has a comical run-in with a troublesome small boy,and a beautiful model at another home tries to seduce him.Seeing how unsuccessful Red's sales attemptsare, Keenan comes up with the idea of a bet – the winner gets to pursue Ann without interference of theother man – which he suggests to Red. The bet is that Red won't be able to sell a single brush to thehouseholds on their run. Red takes the bet, and the next household on their run is the mansion of his oldboss Gordon Trist. After Red tries to hide from Gordon and the groundskeeper, Gordon recognizes Redand sends him packing, but his wife comes after Red and buys ten brushes from him.Red returns to Annaand Keenan in high spirits, until he realizes he forgot to collect the payment money from Mrs. Trist. WhenRed comes back to the Trist home, he overhears a conversation between his former boss, Keenan,Gregory Cruckston (Donald Curtis) and a few other persons, as they discuss their involvement in aracketeering operation. Red is caught eavesdropping and knocked unconscious after he is brought into


Passage 1:Karl Wilhelm WachKarl Wilhelm Wach (also Carl Wilhelm or Wilhelm Wach) (11 September1787 – 24 November 1845) was a German painter.LifeWach was born in Berlin in 1787, studied art at thePrussian Academy of Arts and was a pupil of painter Karl Kretschmar. At the age of just 20, Wach wascommissioned to paint an altar piece for the Paretz village church and produced his "Christ with fourApostles" (1807).Five years later came his artistic breakthrough, his painting of Königin Luise (1812).After spending 1813 to 1815 in the Prussian army, Wach then established himself in Paris. He metWilliam Hensel and the two became pupils of the painters Antoine Jean Gros and Jacques-Louis David. In1817 Wach undertook a longer study trip to Italy, above all  to study artists from Quattrocento. Hisstrongest influence – according to his own statements – was however Raphael. Two years later Wachreturned to Berlin (1819) and set himself up himself as a freelance artist. His first large commission was apicture for Berlin Concert Hall. Wach created for it a cover painting of the nine Muses. Prussian kingFrederick William III made available to Wach premises in which he then furnished a studio. Due to itsinfluence and its many pupils, this studio soon became a school. By 1837 it had nearly 70 pupils, almostall of whom went on to forge artistic careers. His activity as a teacher did not noticeably impair his artisticwork. Wach was honoured with the title professor and appointed a member of Prussian Academy of Arts(1820). To mark his 40th birthday Wach was officially promoted to royal painter (1827).Wach died in1845.Selected worksChrist with four Apostles (1807)Königin Luise (1812)The Communion and theAuferstehung Christ (in the Evangelist church of St Peter & Paul, Moscow)The beautiful Velletrinerin,(1820)Madonna picture (1826, for Prince Frederik of the Netherlands)The Three Himmlischen Virtues(1830, in Friedrichswerder Church in Berlin)Carl von Clausewitz (1830)Christ at the oil mountainPsyche ofAmor surpriseA life-large NympheBildnis Bettina von Savigny (1834)Johannes in the desert (1838)Judithwith the head of the Holofernes (1838)Königin Elisabeth von Preußen (1840)Passage 2:Wilhelm KarlRitter von HaidingerWilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger (or Wilhelm von Haidinger, or most often WilhelmHaidinger) (5 February 1795 – 19 March 1871) was an Austrian mineralogist.Early lifeHaidinger's fatherwas the mineralogist Karl Haidinger (1756–1797), who died when Wilhelm was only two years old. Thebooks on mineralogy and the collection of rocks and minerals of his father will almost certainly haveraised the interest of young Wilhelm. The collection of his uncle, banker Jakob Friedrich van der Nüll, wasby far larger and much more precious, even to such a degree that the famous professor Friedrich Mohs ofFreiberg (Germany) had been asked to describe it in detail. Young Wilhelm Haidinger and the professoroften met in the house of Wilhelm's uncle. After completing the "Normalschule" and the"Grammatikalschule" Wilhelm started out his pre-academical training at the local "Gymnasium". However,after completing only his first year, the "Humanitätsclasse", Wilhelm (now 17 years old) was asked byprofessor Friedrich Mohs to join him as his assistant at the newly founded Universalmuseum Joanneum inGraz.Scientific careerDuring the next five years in Graz and the following six years in Freiberg WilhelmHaidinger remained a devoted assistant and admirer of professor Friedrich Mohs. During these yearsHaidinger became more and more involved in scientific work. In 1821 Wilhelm Haidinger published hisfirst scientific paper: "On the crystallisation of copper-pyrites" in the Memoirs of the Wernerian NaturalHistory Society (Edinburgh), volume 4, pp. 1–18. This paper formed the start of a grand total of some350 scientific publications, all of which are listed in volume 3 of the Catalogue of Scientific Papers(1800–1863) and volume 10 of the same catalogue for the years 1864–1883. Apart from all these papersWilhelm Haidinger published several books: Anfangsgründe der Mineralogie, an account on the collectionof the "k. k. Hofkammer im Münz- und Bergwesen"; a review of mineralogical research (which grew into awell-known series edited by Gustav Adolph Kenngott); his Handbuch der bestimmenden Mineralogie; anatlas to this textbook on mineralogy and the first complete geological map of Austria-Hungary.In 1822Wilhelm Haidinger accompanied August Graf von Breunner-Enckevoirt (1796–1877) on a six-month trip;they traveled from Linz to Munich, Basel, Paris, London and Edinburgh. In Edinburgh banker ThomasAllan provided Haidinger with the means to translate Mohs' Grundriss der Mineralogie into English. (Thetranslation appeared in 1823 in three volumes: Treatise on Mineralogy.)In 1823 Wilhelm Haidinger left