Passage 1:Dance of Death (disambiguation)Dance of Death, also called Danse Macabre, is a late-medieval allegory of the universality of death.Dance of Death orThe Dance of Death may also refer to:BooksDance of Death, a 1938 novel by Helen McCloyDance of Death (Stine novel), a 1997 novel by R. L. StineDance ofDeath (novel), a 2005 novel by Douglas Preston and Lincoln ChildTheatre and filmThe Dance of Death (Strindberg play), a 1900 play by August StrindbergTheDance of Death, a 1908 play by Frank WedekindThe Dance of Death (Auden play), a 1933 play by W. H. AudenFilmThe Death Dance, a 1918 drama starring AliceBradyThe Dance of Death (1912 film), a German silent filmThe Dance of Death (1919 film), an Austrian silent filmThe Dance of Death (1938 film), crime dramastarring Vesta Victoria; screenplay by Ralph DawsonThe Dance of Death (1948 film), French-Italian drama based on Strindberg's play, starring Erich vonStroheimThe Dance of Death (1967 film), a West German drama filmDance of Death or House of Evil, 1968 Mexican horror film starring Boris KarloffDance ofDeath (1969 film), a film based on Strindberg's play, starring Laurence OlivierDance of Death (1979 film), a Hong Kong film featuring Paul ChunMusicDance ofDeath (album), a 2003 album by Iron Maiden, or the title songThe Dance of Death & Other Plantation Favorites, a 1964 album by John FaheyThe Dance of Death(Scaramanga Six album)"Death Dance", a 2016 song by SevendustSee alsoDance of the Dead (disambiguation)Danse Macabre (disambiguation)Bon Odori, aJapanese traditional dance welcoming the spirits of the deadLa danse des morts, an oratorio by Arthur HoneggerTotentanz (disambiguation)Passage2:SennedjemSennedjem was an Ancient Egyptian artisan who was active during the reigns of Seti I and Ramesses II. He lived in Set Maat (translated as "ThePlace of Truth"), contemporary Deir el-Medina, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes. Sennedjem had the title "Servant in the Place of Truth". He wasburied along with his wife, Iyneferti, and members of his family in a tomb in the village necropolis. His tomb was discovered January 31, 1886. WhenSennedjem's tomb was found, it contained furniture from his home, including a stool and a bed, which he used when he was alive.His titles included Servant inthe Place of Truth, meaning that he worked on the excavation and decoration of the nearby royal tombs.See alsoTT1 – (Tomb of Sennedjem, family andwife)Passage 3:Kristján EldjárnKristján Eldjárn (Icelandic: [krstjaun ltjaurtn]; 6 December 1916 – 14 September 1982) was the third president ofIceland, from 1968 to 1980.BiographyKristján was born in Tjörn, Svarfaðardal, Iceland. His parents were Þórarinn Kr. Eldjárn, a teacher in Tjörn, and SigrúnSigurhjartardóttir. He graduated in archaeology from the University of Copenhagen and taught at the University of Iceland. In 1957 he was awarded a doctoratefor his research into pagan burials in Iceland. He was a teacher at the Akureyri Grammar School and the College of Navigation in Reykjavík, becoming a curator atthe National Museum of Iceland in 1945 and its Director in 1947, a position he held until the 1968 presidential election.In 1966–68 he hosted a series ofeducational TV programs on the (then new) Icelandic National Television (RÚV), in which he showed the audience some of the National Museum's artefacts andexplained their historical context. These programs became quite popular, making him a well known and respected popular figure. This no doubt gave him theincentive needed to run in the 1968 presidential election as a politically non-affiliated candidate.Starting as the underdog in the 1968 presidential election,running against Ambassador Gunnar Thoroddsen who initially had a 70% lead in the opinion polls, Kristján won 65.6% of the vote on a 92.2% voter turnout. Hewas re-elected unopposed in 1972 and 1976. In 1980 he decided not to run for another term, wanting to devote his remaining years entirely to continuing hislifelong academic work.President Kristján Eldjárn died following heart surgery in Cleveland, Ohio on 13 September 1982.His son Þórarinn Eldjárn is one ofIceland's most popular authors, specializing in short stories, but also writing poetry and an occasional novel. His daughter Sigrún Eldjárn is also an author andillustrator of several children's books. Þórarinn's son, Ari Eldjárn, is Iceland's most prominent stand-up comedian.Passage 4:Place of birthThe place of birth (POB)or birthplace is the place where a person was born. This place is often used in legal documents, together with name and date of birth, to uniquely identify aperson. Practice regarding whether this place should be a country, a territory or a city/town/locality differs in different countries, but often city or territory is usedfor native-born citizen passports and countries for foreign-born ones.As a general rule with respect to passports, if the place of birth is to be a country, it'sdetermined to be the country that currently has sovereignty over the actual place of birth, regardless of when the birth actually occurred. The place of birth is notnecessarily the place where the parents of the new baby live. If the baby is born in a hospital in another place, that place is the place of birth. In many countries,this also means that the government requires that the birth of the new baby is registered in the place of birth.Some countries place less or no importance on theplace of birth, instead using alternative geographical characteristics for the purpose of identity documents. For example, Sweden has used the concept offödelsehemort ("domicile of birth") since 1947. This means that the domicile of the baby's mother is the registered place of birth. The location of the maternityward or other physical birthplace is considered unimportant.Similarly, Switzerland uses the concept of place of origin. A child born to Swiss parents isautomatically assigned the place of origin of the parent with the same last name, so the child either gets their mother's or father's place of origin. A child born toone Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the place of origin of their Swiss parent. In a Swiss passport and identity card, the holder's place of origin isstated, not their place of birth. In Japan, the registered domicile is a similar concept.In some countries (primarily in the Americas), the place of birth automaticallydetermines the nationality of the baby, a practice often referred to by the Latin phrase jus soli. Almost all countries outside the Americas instead attributenationality based on the nationality(-ies) of the baby's parents (referred to as jus sanguinis).There can be some confusion regarding the place of birth if the birthtakes place in an unusual way: when babies are born on an airplane or at sea, difficulties can arise. The place of birth of such a person depends on the law of thecountries involved, which include the nationality of the plane or ship, the nationality(-ies) of the parents and/or the location of the plane or ship (if the birthoccurs in the territorial waters or airspace of a country).Some administrative forms may request the applicant's "country of birth". It is important to determinefrom the requester whether the information requested refers to the applicant's "place of birth" or "nationality at birth". For example, US citizens born abroad whoacquire US citizenship at the time of birth, the nationality at birth will be USA (American), while the place of birth would be the country in which the actual birthtakes place.Reference list8 FAM 403.4 Place of BirthPassage 5:Beaulieu-sur-LoireBeaulieu-sur-Loire (French pronunciation: [boljø sy lwa], literally Beaulieu onLoire) is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France. It is the place of death of Jacques MacDonald, a French general who served in theNapoleonic Wars.PopulationSee alsoCommunes of the Loiret departmentPassage 6:Place of originIn Switzerland, the place of origin (German: Heimatort orBürgerort, literally "home place" or "citizen place"; French: Lieu d'origine; Italian: Luogo di attinenza) denotes where a Swiss citizen has their municipalcitizenship, usually inherited from previous generations. It is not to be confused with the place of birth or  place of residence, although two or all three of theselocations may be identical depending on the person's circumstances.Acquisition of municipal citizenshipSwiss citizenship has three tiers. For a person applying tonaturalise as a Swiss citizen, these tiers are as follows:Municipal citizenship, granted by the place of residence after fulfilling several preconditions, such assufficient knowledge of the local language, integration into local society, and a minimum number of years lived in said municipality.Cantonal (state) citizenship,for which a Swiss municipal citizenship is required. This requires a certain number of years lived in said canton.Country citizenship, for which both of the aboveare required, also requires a certain number of years lived in Switzerland (except for people married to a Swiss citizen, who may obtain simplified naturalisationwithout having to reside in Switzerland), and involves a criminal background check.The last two kinds of citizenship are a mere formality, while municipalcitizenship is the most significant step in becoming a Swiss citizen. Nowadays the place of residence determines the municipality where citizenship is acquired, fora new applicant, whereas previously there was a historical reason for preserving the municipal citizenship from earlier generations in the family line, namely tospecify which municipality held the responsibility of providing social welfare. The law has now been changed, eliminating this form of allocating responsibility to amunicipality other than that of the place of residence. Care needs to be taken when translating the term in Swiss documents which list the historical "Heimatort"instead of the usual place of birth and place of residence.However, any Swiss citizen can apply for a second, a third or even more municipal citizenships forprestige reasons or to show their connection to the place they currently live – and thus have several places of origin. As the legal significance of the place of originhas waned (see below), Swiss citizens can often apply for municipal citizenship for no more than 100 Swiss francs after having lived in the same municipality forone or two years. In the past, it was common to have to pay between 2,000 and 4,000 Swiss francs as a citizenship fee, because of the financial obligationsincumbent on the municipality to grant the citizenship.A child born to two Swiss parents is automatically granted the citizenship of the parent whose last namethey hold, so the child gets either the mother's or the father's place of origin. A child born to one Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the citizenship,and thus the place of origin, of the Swiss parent.International confusionAlmost uniquely in the world (with the exception of Japan, which lists one's RegisteredDomicile; and Sweden, which lists the mother's place of domicile as place of birth), the Swiss identity card, passport and driving licence do not show the holder'sbirthplace, but only their place of origin. The vast majority of countries show the holder's actual birthplace on identity documents. This can lead to administrativeissues for Swiss citizens abroad when asked to demonstrate their actual place of birth, as no such information exists on any official Swiss identification


Passage 1:Stella's oorlogStella's oorlog (Dutch for Stella's war) is a 2009 Dutch drama film directed by Diederik van Rooijen.CastPassage 2:Don Juan in a Girls'SchoolDon Juan in a Girls' School (German: Don Juan in der Mädchenschule) is a 1928 German silent comedy film directed by and starring Reinhold Schünzel. Itis based on Hans Stürm's play The Unfaithful Eckehart.The film's art direction was by Gustav A. Knauer and Willy Schiller.Two later film versions were TheUnfaithful Eckehart (1931) and The Unfaithful Eckehart (1940).CastIn alphabetical orderErnst Behmer as Studienrat MeiselAdolphe Engers as Fritz StürmerCarlGeppert as Studienrat SchädenElse Groß as Mädchen für alles bei Susanne BachMax Gülstorff as Oberstudienrat Arminius NiedlichJulius E. Herrmann as SalaManderCarola HöhnValerie Jones as EvaMaria Kamradek as Susanne BachLydia Potechina as Frau TiedemannF. W. Schröder-SchromReinhold Schünzel as Dr.Eckehart BleibtreuLotte Stein as Perle im Hause BleibtreuJakob Tiedtke as Herr TiedemannRolf von Goth as Prinz OsramHilde von Stolz as TrudePassage 3:TheUnfaithful Eckehart (1931 film)The Unfaithful Eckehart (German: Der ungetreue Eckehart) is a 1931 German comedy film directed by Carl Boese and starringRalph Arthur Roberts, Fritz Schulz and Paul Hörbiger. The film is based on the play of the same title by Hans Stürm. It was remade in 1940. A silent film wasmade by Reinhold Schünzel in 1928 under the title Don Juan in a Girls' School.SynopsisA man who is faithful to his wife is mistakenly blamed for the philanderingantics of his brother-in-law.CastPassage 4:Diederik van RooijenDiederik van Rooijen (born 26 December 1975) is a Dutch television and filmdirector.CareerFilmVan Rooijen graduated in 2001 from the Netherlands Film Academy with his English-language film Chalk. Chalk was also one of the graduationfilms of cinematographer Lennert Hillege. Van Rooijen and Hillege worked together on many films in the years that followed, including Mass (2005), De bode(2005), Bollywood Hero (2009), Stella's oorlog (2009), Taped (2012) and Daylight (Daglicht) (2013).In 2002, he directed the film A Funeral for Mr. Smitheewhich follows an unnamed girl (Priscilla Knetemann) burying a dead bird. His short film Babyphoned won the NPS Award for Best Short Film at the 2002Netherlands Film Festival.Van Rooijen made his feature film debut with his 2003 film Zulaika. The film is the first Antillean youth film spoken entirely inPapiamento.Van Rooijen won the UNESCO Award Prix Jeunesse for his film Genji (2006).His 2007 film Een trui voor kip Saar was made during the 2007Netherlands Film Festival on request of the guest of honor Burny Bos who asked to adapt his 1986 children's book of the same name.Van Rooijen moved to LosAngeles late 2014 to work on projects in the United States. Van Rooijen made his debut in Hollywood with the 2018 horror film The Possession of HannahGrace.In 2019, the film Penoza: The Final Chapter concluded the story of the television series Penoza that he also directed. The film became the best visitedDutch film of 2019.TelevisionHe directed the Dutch television series Penoza as well as episodes of the television series Meiden van de Wit, Parels & zwijnen,Keyzer & De Boer Advocaten and Spoorloos verdwenen. The television series Penoza was adapted into the 2013 American drama series Red Widow by MelissaRosenberg. Penoza was also adapted into the 2015 Swedish television series Gåsmamman.Van Rooijen also directed many commercials for the Dutchsupermarket chain Albert Heijn featuring Harry Piekema playing the role of a supermarket manager. Van Rooijen also made commercials for other companies andbrands, such as McDonald's, KPN, Ziggo and Unox. He won a Bronze Lion award at the Cannes Film Festival in 2006 for his Volkswagen GTI commercial.In 2019,Van Rooijen worked on the television series Heirs of the Night based on the German book series Die Erben der Nacht written by Ulrike Schweikert. The firstepisode aired in October 2019 and a second season aired in 2020.He also directed the 2023 crime television series Anoniem.FilmographyFilm2001: Chalk2002: AFuneral for Mr. Smithee2002: Babyphoned2003: Zulaika2005: Mass2005: De bode2006: Dummy2006: Genji2007: Een trui voor kip Saar2007: Het bozeoog2009: Bollywood Hero2009: Stella's oorlog2012: Taped2013: Daylight (Daglicht)2018: The Possession of Hannah Grace2019: Penoza: The FinalChapterTelevision2003 – 2005: Meiden van de Wit2005 – 2008: Parels & zwijnen2005: Keyzer & De Boer Advocaten2006: Spoorloos verdwenen2008:Deadline2010 – 2015: Penoza2019 – 2020: Heirs of the Night2023: AnoniemNotesPassage 5:Reinhold SchünzelReinhold Schünzel (7 November 1888 – 11November 1954) was a German actor and director, active in both Germany and the United States. The son of a German father and a Jewish mother, he was bornin St. Pauli, the poorest part of Hamburg. Despite being of Jewish ancestry, Schünzel was allowed by the Nazis to continue making films for several years until heeventually left in 1937 to live abroad.Life in GermanyReinhold Schünzel (or Schuenzel) started his career as an actor in 1915 with a role in the film Werner Krafft.He directed his first film in 1918's Mary Magdalene and in 1920 directed The Girl from Acker Street and Catherine the Great. He was one of Germany'sbest-known silent film stars after World War I, a period during which films were significantly influenced by the consequences of the war. Schünzel performed inboth comedies and dramas, often appearing as a villain or a powerful and corrupt man.He was influenced by filmmakers such as his mentor Richard Oswald andErnst Lubitsch, for whom he worked as an actor in the film Madame Du Barry in 1919.Schünzel's work was very popular in Germany and the Nazi regime gavehim the title of Ehrenarier or Honorary Aryan, allowing him to continue to direct and act despite his Jewish heritage (his mother was Jewish). He found that thegovernment, first under Kaiser Wilhelm II and later under Adolf Hitler, interfered with his film projects, compelling him to leave in 1937. Schuenzel described boththe Kaiser and Hitler "persons of recognized authority and the worst possible dramatic taste."Moving to the United States, he worked in Hollywood, playing Nazisand scientists. One of many examples was the film The Hitler Gang (1944), directed by John Farrow. Made in the style of a gangster film, it depicts the rise ofHitler from a small political adventurer to the dictator of Germany. Reinhold Schünzel played the role of General Erich Ludendorff.FamilySchünzel had a daughterMarianne Stewart, who was born in Berlin, Germany and followed her father by becoming an actress. She appeared in Broadway plays and was known for TheFacts of Life (1960), Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte (1964), and Time Table (1956).Schünzel in the United StatesSchünzel came to the United States in 1937, andbegan his American career in Hollywood at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Among the films he directed were Rich Man, Poor Girl (1938), Ice Follies (1939), Balalaika(1939), and New Wine (1941). He also acted in films like The Hitler Gang (1944), Dragonwyck (1946), and The Vicious Circle (1948), among others. His mostmemorable performance was as Dr. Anderson, a Nazi conspirator, in the film Notorious released in 1946. Schünzel went to New York in 1945 to make a debut onBroadway. He acted in Temper the Wind in 1946 and Montserrat in 1949.Among the prizes he received was the Federal West German Film prize for the bestsupporting role in the movie My Father's Horses.He became a U.S citizen in 1943 and he returned to Germany in 1949. Schünzel died of a heart attack in Munich,Germany. Before returning to Germany, he starred in the 1949 Clifford Odets Broadway play The Big Knife.FilmographyGerman filmsAmerican filmsRich Man,Poor Girl (1938, director)The Ice Follies of 1939 (1939, director)Balalaika (1939, director)The Great Awakening (1941, director)Hangmen Also Die! (1943) asGestapo Insp. RitterFirst Comes Courage (1943) as Col. Kurt von ElserHostages (1943) as Kurt DaluegeThe Hitler Gang (1944) as Gen. LudendorffThe Man in HalfMoon Street (1945) as Dr. Kurt van BrueckenDragonwyck (1946) as Count De Grenier (uncredited)Notorious (1946) as Dr. AndersonPlainsman and the Lady(1946) as Michael H. ArnesenGolden Earrings (1947) as Prof. Otto KrosigkBerlin Express (1948) as WaltherThe Vicious Circle (1948) as Baron AradyWashingtonStory (1952) as Peter KralikWest German filmsThe Dubarry (1951, director)Meines Vaters Pferde I. Teil Lena und Nicoline (1954) as Konsul RittinghausMeinesVaters Pferde, 2. Teil: Seine dritte Frau (1954) as Konsul RittinghausA Love Story (1954) as Schlumberger, Schauspieldirektor (final film role)Passage 6:Don Juan(1969 film)Don Juan (Czech: Don Šajn) is a 1969 Czechoslovak short film by Jan Švankmajer, based on traditional Czech puppet plays of the Don Juanlegend.PlotWithin an old dilapidated and seemingly automated theater, human-sized marionettes perform a production of the Don Juan legend without the aid ofpuppeteers or an audience.In the play, Don Juan's fiancée Maria is secretly seeing his brother Don Phillipe. Unbeknownst to the two lovers, Don Juan is watchingthem from one of the balconies. Horrified by the thought of Maria leaving him for Philippe, he calls upon his Jester servant for help. So that he can pay for awedding, Juan sends the Fool into town to ask for money from the Mayor (Juan and Phillipe's father), under the false pretense that Juan needs the money to payoff medical bills. When Juan's father learns about his son's true intentions, he gives the Jester two coins so he and Juan can buy some rope to hang themselveswith. Outraged by this, Don Juan murders his own father backstage and heads over to the garden where Maria and Philippe were planning to meet.Maria arrivesshortly after, but is shocked to discover Don Juan there instead of her true love — Philippe. Demanding that she return his feelings or face the consequences, hechases after Maria but is stopped by her father, Don Vespis, who now realizes Juan is unfit to marry his daughter and threatens to have him arrested. Don Juandispatches of Maria's father by cutting his face off, and as he lay dying, he swears his ghost will haunt Don Juan to exact his revenge.Philippe soon discoversMaria mourning her dead father, and swears to avenge them both. He eventually finds Don Juan and the two engage in a duel which ends with Philippe's gorydemise. The Jester then arrives to tell Juan that there is a spectral man who wants to speak with him in the cemetery. The man turns out to be the spirit ofMaria's dead father, who warns Don Juan that his soul will be dragged to Hell at midnight.As in the traditional Czech puppet plays, Juan urges children not tocommit evil deeds like him.Juan's physical body keels over dead into an open grave, while his spirit is lowered into a trapdoor. Instead of being dragged into Hellas the legend suggests, the lifeless puppet merely falls into a compartment beneath the stage. Upon discovering an inanimate Don Juan, The Jester asks how heis going to get paid with his master dead.Passage 7:Don Juan in Hell (film)Don Juan in Hell (Spanish: Don Juan en los infiernos) is a 1991 Spanish drama film


Passage 1:O Valencia!"O Valencia!" is the fifth single by the indie rock band The Decemberists, and the first released from their fourth studio album, The CraneWife.The music was written by The Decemberists and the lyrics by Colin Meloy. It tells a story of two star-crossed lovers. The singer falls in love with a personwho belongs to an opposing gang. At the end of the song, the singer's lover jumps in to defend the singer, who is confronting his lover's brother (the singer's"sworn enemy") and is killed by the bullet intended for the singer.Track listingThe 7" single sold in the UK was mispressed, with "Culling of the Fold" as the B-sidedespite the artwork and record label listing "After the Bombs" as the B-side.Music videosFor the "O Valencia!" music video, The Decemberists filmed themselves infront of a green screen and asked fans to complete it by digitally adding in background images or footage. Stephen Colbert of The Colbert Report, having recentlyasked fans to do the same with a video of him with a light saber in front of a green screen, brought up The Decemberists on his segment "Look Who's Riding onMy Coattails Now" and accused the band of stealing the idea. The Decemberists' response was to challenge Stephen Colbert to a guitar solo showdown onDecember 20, 2006, on The Colbert Report.On January 19, 2007, The Decemberists premiered an alternate music video of "O Valencia!", directed by AaronStewart-Ahn, on MTV2. The video follows a character named Patrick, played by Meloy, as he and his love Francesca (Lisa Molinaro), daughter of "the Boss", planan escape to an unknown location. At a cafe, a man in a suit, portrayed by the band member Chris Funk, tells him to hide in the "Valencia" hotel (the Super ValueInn on North Interstate Avenue in Portland, Oregon) while he gets them the necessary documentation to escape. Above the name of the hotel, there is a neonsign that reads "Office". The letters have all burnt out except for the "O", creating the title of the song. The video then introduces other characters - variousassassination teams - who sit in different rooms of the hotel waiting for the chance to catch the two lovers. Most are portrayed by other members of the band(along with Meloy's wife, Carson Ellis). They kill off any potential witnesses to their plan. Patrick manages to take down one member from each team, before theygang up on him. The Boss arrives, along with the man from the cafe, who reveals that he snitched on Patrick and Francesca. They execute Francesca, whileforcing Patrick to watch. After they leave, Patrick finds a note by Francesca, which reveals that she never fell in love with him, and only wanted protection. 2months later, Patrick and the man, who has lost an eye from a previous assassination attempt, have a sit-down at the same cafe. The man reveals that hesnitched on Patrick just to take over the town. Patrick reveals that he poisoned a drink the man was having, but before he could get away, the man stabs Patrickin the neck with a fork before dying, followed by Patrick.The video is somewhat influenced by the distinct style and themes of director Wes Anderson, with boldfonts being used to introduce characters and groups on the bottom of the screen (much like in the film The Royal Tenenbaums). The band had previously (andmore explicitly) drawn influence from Anderson's Rushmore in their video for "Sixteen Military Wives". The layout of the hotel is also similar to the one used inBottle Rocket.Kurt Nishimura was chosen as the winner by mtvU for his video that depicted a love affair between a woman and her television, with the TVcontaining the green-screened Decemberists video footage.Passage 2:Mimi (song)"Mimi" is a popular song written by Richard Rodgers, with words by LorenzHart. It was featured in the movie Love Me Tonight (1932), in which it was first sung by Maurice Chevalier to Jeanette MacDonald, then later reprised by theentire company. Sergio Franchi performed this song January 2, 1964 on the ABC Television special, Victor Borge At Carnegie Hall. Sergio Franchi also recorded"Mimi" on his 1963 RCA Victor Red Seal album. Women In My Life.Passage 3:Caspar BabypantsCaspar Babypants is the stage name of children's music artistChris Ballew, who is also the vocalist and bassist of The Presidents of the United States of America.HistoryBallew's first brush with children's music came in 2002,when he recorded and donated an album of traditional children's songs to the nonprofit Program for Early Parent Support titled "PEPS Sing A Long!" Although thatwas a positive experience for him, he did not consider making music for families until he met his wife, collage artist Kate Endle. Her art inspired Ballew to considermaking music that "sounded like her art looked" as he has said. Ballew began writing original songs and digging up nursery rhymes and folk songs in the publicdomain to interpret and make his own. The first album, Here I Am!, was recorded during the summer of 2008 and released in February 2009.Ballew began toperform solo as Caspar Babypants in the Seattle area in January 2009. Fred Northup, a Seattle-based comedy improvisor, heard the album and offered to play ashis live percussionist.  Northrup also suggested his frequent collaborator Ron Hippe as a keyboard player. "Frederick Babyshirt" and "Ronald Babyshoes" were theCaspar Babypants live band from May 2009 to April 2012. Both Northup and Hippe appear on some of his recordings but since April 2012 Caspar Babypants hasexclusively performed solo. The reasons for the change were to include more improvisation in the show and to reduce the sound levels so that very youngchildren and newborns could continue to attend without being overstimulated. Ballew has made two albums of Beatles covers as Caspar Babypants. Baby Beatles!came out in September 2013 and Beatles Baby! came out in September 2015.Ballew runs the Aurora Elephant Music record label, books shows, produces,records, and masters the albums himself. Distribution for the albums is handled by Burnside Distribution in Portland, Oregon.Caspar Babypants has released atotal of 17 albums. The 17th album, BUG OUT!, was released on May 1, 2020. His album FLYING HIGH! was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Children'sAlbum. All 17 of the albums feature cover art by Ballew's wife, Kate Endle."FUN FAVORITES!" and "HAPPY HITS!" are two vinyl-only collections of hit songs thatCaspar Babypants has released in the last couple of years.DiscographyAlbumsPEPS (2002)Here I Am! (Released 03/17/09) Special guests: Jen Wood, FysahThomasMore Please! (Released 12/15/09) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron HippeThis Is Fun! (Released 11/02/10)  Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe,Krist Novoselic, Charlie HopeSing Along! (Released 08/16/11) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, "Weird Al" Yankovic, Stone Gossard, Frances England,Rachel LoshakHot Dog! (Released 04/17/12) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, Rachel Flotard (Visqueen)I Found You! (Released 12/18/12) Specialguests: Steve Turner (Mudhoney), Rachel Flotard (Visqueen), John RichardsBaby Beatles! (Released 09/15/13)Rise And Shine! (Released 09/16/14)Night Night!(Released 03/17/15)Beatles Baby! (Released 09/18/2015)Away We Go! (Released 08/12/2016)Winter Party! (Released 11/18/16)Jump For Joy! (Released08/18/17)Sleep Tight! (Released 01/19/18)Keep It Real! (Released 08/17/18)Best Beatles! (Released 03/29/19)Flying High! (Released 08/16/19)Bug Out!(released 05/1/20)Happy Heart! (Released 11/13/20)Easy Breezy! (Released 11/05/21)AppearancesMany Hands: Family Music for Haiti CD (released 2010) –Compilation of various artistsSongs Stories And Friends: Let's Go Play – Charlie Hope (released 2011) – vocals on AlouetteShake It Up, Shake It Off (released2012) – Compilation of various artistsKeep Hoping Machine Running – Songs Of Woody Guthrie (released 2012) – Compilation of various artistsApple Apple – TheHarmonica Pocket (released 2013) – vocals on Monkey LoveSimpatico – Rennee and Friends (released 2015) – writer and vocals on I Am Not AfraidSundrops –The Harmonica Pocket (released 2015) – vocals on Digga Dog KidPassage 4:Dáithí SprouleDáithí Sproule (born 23 May 1950) is a guitarist and singer oftraditional Irish music. He is the grandson of Frank Carney and uncle of singer Claire Sproule.BiographyBorn and raised in Derry, Northern Ireland, at the age of18 he moved to Dublin in Ireland, where he attended university. Growing up, he listened to Bob Dylan, Bert Jansch, the Beatles, British folk songs and traditionalIrish music. It was in Dublin that he entered the music scene which was prominent in Ireland at the time. As a teenager he had met the Ó Domhnaill family duringtrips to the Gaeltacht area of Rann na Feirste in Co. Donegal, and while in Dublin they formed a band, Skara Brae who would go on to have a great effect on Irishtraditional music.Dáithí is well known as a guitarist and was one of the first guitarists to use the DADGAD guitar tuning for Irish music after the originator DavyGraham. In 1992 he joined Irish supergroup Altan with whom he sings and plays guitar. Of his use of DADGAD tuning, Sproule says, it "just seemed to instantlygel with Irish music. The nature of the tuning meant that you didn't really produce anything that was terribly, drastically, offensively wrong to people. I wasalways a singer, but when I started playing with instrumentalists in sessions and pubs, I was able to develop a style by just playing along with them quietly andtactfully." He was deemed "a seminal figure in Irish music" by The Rough Guide to Irish Music.Sproule is also a member of various other bands and has recordedfurther solo albums; he also teaches DADGAD guitar and traditional songs at the Center for Irish Music in St. Paul, Minnesota.DiscographySolo albumsThe Crow inthe Sun (2007)Lost River, Vol. 1 (New Folk, 2011)A Heart Made of Glass (1995)with AltanOther bandsBright and Early (with Paddy O'Brien and Nathan Gourley -2015 - New Folk Records)From Uig to Duluth (with Laura MacKenzie and Andrea Stern - 2014)The Pinery (with Laura MacKenzie – 2009 – New FolkRecords)Seanchairde (with Tara Bingham and Dermy Diamond – 2008 – New Folk Records)Fingal (with Randal Bays and James Keane – 2008 – New FolkRecords)Snug in the Blanket (with Jamie Gans and Paddy O'Brien – 2004)Overland (with Randal Bays – 2004)Trian II (with Liz Carroll and Billy McComiskey –1995)A Thousand Farewells (with Martin and Christine Dowling – 1995)Trian (with Liz Carroll and Billy McComiskey – 1992)Stranger at the Gate (with PaddyO'Brien – 1988)The Iron Man (with Tommy Peoples – 1984)Carousel (with Seamus and Manus McGuire – 1984)Spring in the Air (with James Kelly and PaddyO'Brien – 1981)Is it Yourself?  (with James Kelly and Paddy O'Brien – 1979)Skara Brae (Skara Brae – 1971)Guest appearancesFour & Eight String Favorites (BoneTone Records) 2021 - Eric Mohring & FriendsMerrijig Creek - Fintan VallelySpinning Yarns (Two Tap Records) 2015 - Norah RendellHeigh Ho, The Green Holly(New Folk Records) 2015 - Laura MacKenzieMinnesota Lumberjack Songs (Two Tap Records) 2011 - Brian MillerSide by Side (Dawros Music) 2010 - Liz andYvonne Kane40 Acre Notch (New Folk Records) 2008 – the HiBsThe Essential Chieftains (RCA) 2006 – The ChieftainsBlue Waltz 2004 – Julee GlaubEvidence (New


Passage 1:Lyon CohenLyon Cohen (born Yehuda Leib Cohen; May 11, 1868 – August 17, 1937) was a Polish-born Canadian businessman and a philanthropist. He was the grandfather of singer/poet Leonard Cohen.BiographyCohen was born in Congress Poland, part of the Russian Empire, to a Jewish family on May 11, 1868. He immigrated to Canada with his parents in 1871. He was educated at the McGill Model School and the Catholic Commercial Academy in Montreal. In 1888, he entered the firm of Lee & Cohen in Montreal; later became partner with his father in the firm of L. Cohen & Son; in 1895, he established W. R. Cuthbert & Co; in 1900, he organized the Canadian Improvement Co., a dredging contractor; in 1906, he founded The Freedman Co. in Montreal; and in May 1919, he organized and became President of Canadian Export Clothiers, Ltd.  The Freedman Company went on to become one of Montreal’s largest clothing companies.In 1897, Cohen and Samuel William Jacobs founded the Canadian Jewish Times, the first English-language Jewish newspaper in Canada. The newspaper promoted the Canadianization of recent East European Jewish immigrants and encouraged their acceptance of Canadian customs as Cohen felt that the old world customs of immigrant Jews were one of the main causes of anti-Semitism. In 1914, the paper was purchased by Hirsch Wolofsky, owner of the Yiddish-language Keneder Adler, who transformed it into the Canadian Jewish Chronicle.He died on August 17, 1937, at the age of 69.PhilanthropyCohen was elected the first president of the Canadian Jewish Congress in 1919 and organized the Jewish Immigrant Aid Services of Canada. Cohen was also a leader of the Young Men’s Hebrew Benevolent Society (later the Baron de Hirsch Institute) and the United Talmud Torahs, a Jewish day school in Montreal. He also served as president of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim and president of the Jewish Colonization Association in Canada.Personal lifeCohen married Rachel Friedman of Montreal on February 17, 1891. She was the founder and President of Jewish Endeavour Sewing School. They had three sons and one daughter:Nathan Bernard Cohen, who served as a lieutenant in the World War; he married Lithuanian Jewish immigrant Masha Klonitsky and they had one daughter and one son:Esther Cohen andsinger/poet Leonard Cohen.Horace Rives Cohen, who was a captain and quartermaster of his battalion in World War I;Lawrence Zebulun Cohen, student at McGill University, andSylvia Lillian Cohen.Passage 2:Trịnh CươngTrịnh Cương (Hán tự: ; 9 July 1686 – 20 December 1729) was the lord who ruled Tonkin from 1709 to 1729 (his title as ruler was An Đô Vương). Trịnh Cương was born to Trịnh Bính, a grandson of the former lord Trịnh Căn. He belonged to the line of Trịnh lords who had ruled parts of Vietnam since 1545. Like his great-grandfather and predecessor, Trịnh Căn, his reign was mostly devoted to administrative reforms.BiographyTrịnh Cương ruled Việt Nam during a time of external peace but growing internal strife. He enacted many governmental reforms in both financial matters and judicial rules. His main concern was the growing problem of landless peasants. Unlike the Nguyễn lords who were constantly expanding their territory south, the Trịnh lords had little room for expansion. Hence, the land supply was essentially fixed but the population kept growing.Trịnh Cương tried various legislative means to solve the problem. He tried to limit private land holdings. He tried to redistribute the communal fields of the small villages. Nothing really worked and the problem became very serious over the succeeding decades. According to historian R. H. Bruce Lockhart, the governmental reforms enacted by Trịnh Cương and his great-grandfather, Trịnh Căn, made the government more effective but, they also made the government more of a burden to the people. This had the effect of increasing the hatred felt by the people towards the Trịnh rulers in Hanoi.Trịnh Cương passed an edict forbidding people to practice Christianity in 1712. Like previous efforts to suppress Christianity, this had little real effect in Vietnam. However, he tried to offer the people an alternative, and he had many Buddhist pagodas constructed during his rule.As far as the Lê dynasty was concerned, the emperor, Lê Dụ Tông, ruled throughout Trịnh Cương's lifetime. The two men died within a few months of each other in 1729.SourcesEncyclopedia of Asian History, Volume 4. 1988. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.Annam and its Minor Currency Chapter 16 (downloaded May 2006)See alsoTrịnh lordsLê dynastyPassage 3:Kaya AlpKaya Alp (Ottoman Turkish:  , lit. 'Brave Rock') was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kızıl Buğa or Basuk and the father of Suleyman Shah. He was the grandfather of Ertuğrul Ghazi, the father of the founder of the Ottoman Empire, Osman I. He was also famously known for being the successing name of Ertokus Bey’s son Kaya Alp. He was a descendant of the ancestor of his tribe, Kayı son of Gun son of Oghuz Khagan, the legendary progenitor of the Oghuz Turks.Passage 4:Nguyễn Thị Ngọc DiễmNguyễn Thị Ngọc Diễm (Hán tự: , 1721–1784), posthumous name Từ Trạch (), was a consort of lord Trịnh Doanh.BiographyLady Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Diễm was born in 1721 at Linh Đường village, Linh Đàm commune, Thanh Trì district, Southern of Phụng Thiên prefect. She was commended to Trịnh clan's palace by her father who was Duke Nguyễn Văn Luân (, 1686–1739). She became a concubine of prince Trịnh Doanh and was granted the title Hoa Dung ().Passage 5:Zhao ShoushanZhao Shoushan (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhào Shòushān; 12 November 1894 – 20 June 1965) was a KMT general and later Chinese Communist Party politician. He is the grandfather of Zhao Leji.CareerZhao Shoushan was born in Hu County, Shaanxi in 1894. After the foundation of the People's Republic of China, Zhao was the CCP Chairman of Qinghai and Governor of Shaanxi.External links(in Chinese) Biography of Zhao Shoushan, Shaanxi Daily July 9, 2006.Passage 6:Trịnh DoanhTrịnh Doanh (4 December 1720 – 15 February 1767) ruled northern Vietnam (Tonkin) from 1740 to 1767 (he ruled with the title Minh Đô Vương). Trịnh Doanh was the third son of Trịnh Cương, and belonged to the line of Trịnh lords who ruled northern Vietnam. His rule was spent putting down rebellions against Trịnh rule.Trịnh Doanh took over from his brother, Trịnh Giang, who, through financial mismanagement and bad behavior, provoked a wave of revolts against his rule. This was a time of increasing peasant revolts in both the north and the south under the Nguyễn lords. In the north, some of the revolts were apparently led by members of the royal Lê family. The rebellions which broke out in Tonkin during this period, were almost without number. Princes belonging to the royal family, generals, civil mandarins, common people, and out-casts from the hills, all rose in the provinces against the tyranny of the Trịnh, as well as for their personal interests. Chapter 16 (continued) Despite the many revolts, Trịnh Doanh defeated them all and passed the rule of Vietnam to his son, Trịnh Sâm.As far as the Lê dynasty was concerned, there was just one emperor, Lê Hien Tông (1740–1786), who occupied the royal throne in Hanoi.See alsoLê dynastySourcesEncyclopedia of Asian History, Volumes 4. 1988. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.Annam and its Minor Currency Chapter 16 (downloaded May 2006)Passage 7:Henry KrauseHenry J. "Red" Krause, Jr. (August 28, 1913 – February 20, 1987) was an American football offensive lineman in the National Football League for the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Washington Redskins.  He played college football at St. Louis University.Passage 8:Abd al-MuttalibShayba ibn Hāshim (Arabic:   ; c. 497–578), better known as Abd al-Mualib, (Arabic:  , lit. 'Servant of Muttalib') was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation. He was the grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.Early lifeHis father was Hashim ibn ' Abd Manaf,: 81 the progenitor of the distinguished Banu Hashim, a clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca. They claimed descent from Ismā'īl and Ibrāhīm. His mother was Salma bint Amr, from the Banu Najjar, a clan of the Khazraj tribe in Yathrib (later called Madinah). Hashim died while doing business in Gaza, before Abd al-Muttalib was born.: 81 His real name was "Shaiba" meaning 'the ancient one' or 'white-haired' because of the streak of white through his jet-black hair, and is sometimes also called Shaybah al-amd ("The white streak of praise").: 81–82 After his father's death he was raised in Yathrib with his mother and her family until about the age of eight, when his uncle Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf went to see him and asked his mother Salmah to entrust Shaybah to his care. Salmah was unwilling to let her son go and Shaiba refused to leave his mother without her consent. Mualib then pointed out that the possibilities Yathrib had to offer were incomparable to Mecca. Salmah was impressed with his arguments, so she agreed to let him go. Upon first arriving in Mecca, the people assumed the unknown child was Muttalib's servant and started calling him 'Abd al-Muttalib ("servant of Muttalib").: 85–86Chieftain of Hashim clanWhen Mualib died, Shaiba succeeded him as the chief of the Hāshim clan. Following his uncle Al-Mualib, he took over the duties of providing the pilgrims with food and water, and carried on the practices of his forefathers with his people. He attained such eminence as none of his forefathers enjoyed; his people loved him and his reputation was great among them.: 61 'Umar ibn Al-Khaāb's grandfather Nufayl ibn Abdul Uzza arbitrated in a dispute between 'Abdul-Mualib and arb ibn Umayyah, Abu Sufyan's father, over the custodianship of the Kaaba. Nufayl gave his verdict in favour of 'Abdul-Mualib. Addressing arb ibn Umayyah, he said:Why do you pick a quarrel with a person who is taller than you in stature; more imposing than you in appearance; more refined than you in intellect; whose progeny outnumbers yours and whose generosity outshines yours in lustre? Do not, however, construe this into any disparagement of your good qualities which I highly appreciate. You are as gentle as a lamb, you are renowned throughout Arabia for the stentorian tones of your voice, and you are an asset to your tribe.Discovery of Zam Zam Well'Abdul-Mualib said that while sleeping in the sacred enclosure, he had dreamed he was ordered to dig at the worship place of the Quraysh between the two deities Isāf and Nā'ila. There he would find the Zamzam Well, which the Jurhum tribe had filled in when they left Mecca. The Quraysh tried to stop him digging in that spot, but his son Al-ārith stood guard until they gave up their protests. After three days of digging, 'Abdul-Mualib found traces of an ancient religious well and exclaimed, "Allahuakbar!" Some of the Quraysh disputed his claim to sole rights over water, then one of them suggested that they go to a female shaman who lived afar. It was said that she could summon jinns and that she could help them decide who was the owner of the well. So, 11 people from the 11 tribes went on the expedition. They had to cross the desert to meet the priestess but then they got lost. There was a lack of food and water and people


Passage 1:La PuntaLa Punta, Spanish for "the point" or the promontory and may refer to:La Punta, San Luis, ArgentinaLa Punta District, PeruSan Giovanni laPunta, ItalySan Salvador de la Punta Fortress, CubaSee alsoPunta (disambiguation)Passage 2:Turning PointA turning point, or climax, is the point of highesttension in a narrative work.Turning Point or Turning Points may refer to:FilmThe Turning Point, a 1914 silent film starring Caroline CookeThe Turning Point (1920film), an American film starring Katherine MacDonaldThe Turning Point (1945 film), a Soviet film by Fridrikh Markovitch ErmlerThe Turning Point (1952 film), acrime drama starring Edmond O'BrienTurning Point (1960 film), an Australian TV playThe Turning Point (1977 film), a drama starring Shirley MacLaine and AnneBancroftThe Turning Point (1978 film), a Soviet drama film directed by Vadim AbdrashitovThe Turning Point (1983 film), an East German film by FrankBeyerTurning Point (2009 Hong Kong film), a spin-off to the 2009 Hong Kong television drama series E.U.Turning Point (2009 American film), a documentary filmon the travels of Michelle YeohTurning Point (2012 film), a 2012 drama film by Niyi TowolawiThe Turning Point (2022 film), an Italian filmLiteratureThe TurningPoint (book), a 1982 nonfiction book by Fritjof CapraBatman: Turning Points, a 5-issue limited series of comicsThe Turning Point, a 1942 autobiography by KlausMannThe Turning Point, a 1988 short story by Isaac AsimovMusicTurning Point (American band), an American straight-edge hardcore bandTurning Point (UKband), a late 1970s UK fusion bandAlbumsTurning Point (Benny Golson album) (1962)Turning Point (Mario album) (2004)The Turning Point (John Mayall album)(1969)The Turning Point (McCoy Tyner album) (1992)Turning Point (Lonnie Smith album) (1969)Turning Point (Pink Lady album) (1980)Turning Point (ChuckWicks album) (2016)Turning Point (Paul Bley album)Turning Point, a 1995 album by Rory BlockTurning Point (Dr SID album) (2010)Songs"Turning Point" (TyroneDavis song) (1976)"Turning Point", a song by Buckwheat Zydeco"Turning Point", a 2013 song by Killswitch Engage from Disarm the Descent"Turning Point", asong by Mighty Joe Young"Turning Point", a 1967 song by Nina Simone from Silk & Soul"The Turning Point", a song by Toto from TambuOrganizationsTurningPoint (institute), a training and counseling institute in IrelandTurning Point (charity), a social care organisation in the United KingdomTurning Point Alcohol andDrug Centre, in Melbourne, AustraliaTurning Point USA, an American conservative, right-wing organizationTurning Point UK, an off-shoot of Turning PointUSATelevisionTurning Point (ministry), carried on TBN, broadcast from San Diego County, United StatesTurning Point, an American dramatic anthology seriesbroadcast on NBC from April to October 1958 consisting of two unsold pilots and reruns from other seriesTurning Point (1991 TV series), an Indian sciencemagazine TV seriesTurning Point (TV program) (1994–1999), an American news programTurning Points of History, a History Television seriesImpact WrestlingTurning Point, a professional wrestling pay-per-view event and episode of Impact WrestlingTurning Point (2004 wrestling), the first event in the seriesTurningPoint (2005 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2006 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point(2007 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2008 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2009wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2010 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2011 wrestling),a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2012 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view eventTurning Point (2013 wrestling), aprofessional wrestling episode of Impact WrestlingTurning Point (January 2015 wrestling), a professional wrestling pay-per-view event as part of the One NightOnly seriesTurning Point (August 2015 wrestling), a professional wrestling episode of Impact WrestlingTurning Point (2016 wrestling), a professional wrestlingepisode of Impact WrestlingTurning Point (2019 wrestling), a professional wrestling exclusive event on Impact Plus"Turning Point" (Amphibia), an episode ofAmphibia"Turning Point" (Planetes episode)"Turning Point" (Spider-Man), an episode of the 1994 animated series"The Turning Point" (The Vampire Diaries), a2009 episode of The Vampire DiariesOther usesTurning Point: Fall of Liberty, a 2008 first-person shooter video gameTurning point, in mathematics: a stationarypoint at which the derivative changes signSee alsoCursus (classical)Turning (disambiguation)Passage 3:Edoardo MulargiaEdoardo Mulargia (10 December 1925 –7 September 2005) was an Italian director and screenwriter.Life and careerBorn in Torpè, Nuoro, Mulargia graduated in Law, first working as a journalist, thendirecting numerous scientific and industrial short films. After being assistant of Pietro Germi and Luciano Emmer, in 1963  he made his feature film debut  with Ledue leggi. As a film director Mulargia specialized in the spaghetti western genre, in which he was usually credited as  Tony Moore and Edward G. Muller. In the1980s he abandoned cinema to work for RAI television.Selected filmographyThe Invincible Brothers Maciste (screenwriter, 1964)Three Swords for Rome(screenwriter, 1964)Night of Violence (screenwriter, 1965)Perché uccidi ancora (director and screenwriter, 1965)Cjamango (director, 1967)The Reward's Yours...The Man's Mine (director and screenwriter, 1969)Shango (director and screenwriter, 1970)W Django! (director, 1971)La figliastra (director, 1976)Orinoco:Prigioniere del sesso (director, 1979) – American re-edited version: Savage Island (1985, with Linda Blair)Escape from Hell (director, 1980)Passage 4:JulieHollandJulie Holland (born December 13, 1965) is an American psychopharmacologist, psychiatrist, and author.  She is the author of five books,including  Weekends at Bellevue: Nine Years on the Night Shift at the Psych ER, a memoir documenting her experience as the weekend head of the psychiatricemergency room at Bellevue Hospital in New York City An advocate for the appropriate use of consciousness expanding substances as part of mental healthtreatment, she is a medical monitor for MAPS studies, which involve, in part, developing psychedelics into prescription medication.Personal backgroundJulieHolland was born on December 13, 1965, in New York City. She grew up in Framingham, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston.She attended the University ofPennsylvania, where she majored in the Biological Basis of Behavior, a series of courses combining the study of psychology and neural sciences, with aconcentration on psychopharmacology.  She received her medical degree from Temple University; during her residency, at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, sheserved as Chief Resident of the Schizophrenia Research Ward.  A principal investigator in a research study examining a new medication for schizophrenia, Hollandearned a National Institute of Health Outstanding Resident Award in 1994.While in college, Holland wrote an extensive research paper on MDMA; it became thefoundation for her 2001 book Ecstasy: The Complete Guide.Professional backgroundFrom 1995 through 2004, Holland was an attending psychiatrist in theComprehensive Psychiatric Emergency Program at Bellevue Hospital in New York.   Her national bestseller, Weekends at Bellevue: Nine Years on the Night Shift atthe Psych ER, was published in 2009. In describing the book, The New York Times wrote: "Dr. Holland brings readers into the psychiatric emergency room, whereshe was in charge on weekends for nine years. She explains the language, characters, policies and politics of the highly charged environment of caring for thosein crisis. At the same, she walks readers through her mind and its substantial struggles. The book is as much a story about her own internal dramas as it is aboutmental health care in New York City." Weekends at Bellevue was optioned by Fox for a television pilot in 2011; the pilot was not picked up. In November 2013,The Hollywood Reporter reported that HBO was developing a comedy based on Holland's book Moody Bitches: The Truth About the Drugs You're Taking, the SexYou're Not Having, The Sleep You're Missing and What's Really Making You Crazy.From 1995 through 2012, Holland was an Assistant Clinical Professor ofPsychiatry at the New York University School of Medicine.Now a medical advisor to MAPS, Holland was the medical monitor for several therapeutic studies ofMDMA assisted psychotherapy in the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. In addition to serving as a forensic consultant for drug-related cases, Holland isa frequent lecturer, and has appeared as a drug and behavior expert on CNN, National Geographic Channel, Fox, VH1, MTV and Good Morning America. She hasappeared on The Today Show over twenty-five times and is in private practice in New York.Honors and awards2011: Norman Zinberg Award for MedicalExcellenceNational Institute of Health Outstanding Resident AwardPublished worksBooksHolland, Julie (2001). Ecstasy: The Complete Guide: A ComprehensiveLook at the Risks and Benefits of MDMA, New York: Park Street Press, ISBN 0892818573Holland, Julie (2010). The Pot Book: A Complete Guide to Cannabis, NewYork: Park Street Press, ISBN 1594773688Holland, Julie (2010). Weekends at Bellevue: Nine Years on the Night Shift at the Psych ER, New York: Bantam, ISBN0553386522Holland, Julie (2015). Moody Bitches:  The Truth About the Drugs You're Taking, the Sleep You're Missing, the Sex You're Not Having, and What'sReally Making You Crazy,  New York, Penguin Press, ISBN 978-1-59420-580-4Holland, Julie (2020). Good Chemistry: The Science of Connection, from Soul toPsychedelics , New York; Harper Wave, ISBN 978-0062862884PapersFeduccia, A. A., Jerome, L., Mithoefer, M. C., & Holland, J. (2020). Discontinuation ofmedications classified as reuptake inhibitors affects treatment response of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. Psychopharmacology, 1–8.Mithoefer, M. C., Mithoefer,A. T., Feduccia, A. A., Jerome, L., Wagner, M., Wymer, J., Holland, J. ... & Doblin, R. (2018). 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assistedpsychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans, firefighters, and police officers: a randomised, double-blind, dose-response, phase 2 clinicaltrial. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(6), 486–497.Feduccia, A. A., Mithoefer, M. C., Jerome, L., Holland, J., Emerson, A., & Doblin, R. (2018). Response to the consensusstatement of the PTSD Psychopharmacology Working Group. Biological psychiatry, 84(2), e21-e22.Feduccia, A. A., Holland, J., & Mithoefer, M. C. (2018).Progress and promise for the MDMA drug development program. Psychopharmacology, 1–11.Doblin, R., Greer, G., Holland, J., Jerome, L., Mithoefer, M. C., &Sessa, B. (2014). A reconsideration and response to Parrott AC (2013)“Human psychobiology of MDMA or ‘Ecstasy’: an overview of 25 years of empiricalresearch”. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 29(2), 105–108.Holland, J.A.; Nelson, L.W.; Ravikumar, P.R. (1998). "Embalming


Passage 1:Joely CollinsJoely Collins (born Joely Meri Bertorelli; August 8, 1972) is a Canadian actress. She is the daughter of Andrea Bertorelli and of Englishmusician Phil Collins.Early lifeBorn and raised largely in Vancouver, British Columbia, Collins studied at the Vancouver Youth Theatre, and later at London's RoyalAcademy of Dramatic Arts. She was adopted by her mother's husband, Phil Collins, upon their marriage in 1975. They later had one child, son Simon (born in1976). She was named Canada's "Best Leading Actress" at the age of 22 for her work on the television series Madison. She appeared on the long-running dramaCold Squad. In 2009, she co-founded StoryLab Productions and produced the award-winning feature film Becoming Redwood.Actress Lily Collins is her half-sister,born to her father Phil Collins and his second wife Jill Tavelman after he and her mother Andrea Bertorelli divorced in 1980.Collins won the award for Best Actressin a Canadian Film at the Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards 2004 for The Love Crimes of Gillian Guess.Personal lifeCollins married Dutch-born Stefan Buitelaaron August 23, 2008, in Leiden, Netherlands. On October 26, 2009, Collins gave birth to their daughter, Zoë Amelie.FilmographyFilmTelevisionPassage 2:PhilCollinsPhilip David Charles Collins  (born 30 January 1951) is an English singer, drummer, songwriter, record producer and actor. He was the drummer and laterlead singer of the rock band Genesis and also has a career as a solo performer. Between 1982 and 1990, Collins achieved three UK and seven US number onesingles as a solo artist. When his work with Genesis, his work with other artists, as well as his solo career are totalled, he was responsible for more US top 40singles than any other artist during the 1980s. His most successful singles from the period include "In the Air Tonight", "Against All Odds (Take a Look at MeNow)", "One More Night", "Sussudio", "Another Day in Paradise" and "I Wish It Would Rain Down".Born and raised in west London, Collins began playing drums atfive and completed drama school training, which secured him various roles as a child actor, with his first major role at 13 as the Artful Dodger in the West Endmusical Oliver!. He then pursued a musical career, joining Genesis in 1970 as their drummer and becoming lead singer in 1975 following the departure of PeterGabriel. Collins began a successful solo career in the 1980s, initially inspired by his marital breakdown and love of soul music, releasing the albums Face Value(1981), Hello, I Must Be Going (1982), No Jacket Required (1985) and ...But Seriously (1989). Collins became, in the words of AllMusic, "one of the mostsuccessful pop and adult contemporary singers of the '80s and beyond". He also became known for a distinctive gated reverb drum sound on many of hisrecordings. In 1985, he was the only artist to perform at both Live Aid concerts. He also resumed his acting career, appearing in Miami Vice and subsequentlystarring in the film Buster (1988).Collins left Genesis in 1996 to focus on solo work; this included writing songs for Disney's animated film Tarzan (1999). Hewrote and performed the songs, "Two Worlds", "Son of Man", "Strangers Like Me" and "You'll Be in My Heart", the latter of which earned him the Academy Awardfor Best Original Song. He rejoined Genesis for their Turn It On Again Tour in 2007. Following a five-year retirement to focus on his family life, Collins released hismemoir in 2016 and completed his Not Dead Yet Tour in 2019. He then rejoined Genesis in 2020 for a second reunion tour, ending in March 2022.Collins'sdiscography includes eight studio albums that have sold 33.5 million certified units in the US and an estimated 150 million records sold worldwide, making himone of the world's best-selling artists. He is one of only three recording artists, along with Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson, who have sold over 100 millionrecords both as solo artists and separately as principal members of a band. He has won eight Grammy Awards, six Brit Awards (winning Best British Male Artistthree times), two Golden Globe Awards, one Academy Award, and a Disney Legend Award. He was awarded six Ivor Novello Awards from the British Academy ofSongwriters, Composers and Authors, including the International Achievement Award. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1999, and wasinducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Genesis in 2010. He has also been recognised by musicpublications with induction into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2012, and the Classic Drummer Hall of Fame in 2013.Early lifePhilip David Charles Collinswas born on 30 January 1951 at Putney Hospital in Wandsworth, south-west London. His father, Greville Philip Austin Collins (1907–1972), was an insuranceagent for London Assurance and his mother, Winifred June Collins (née Strange, 1913–2011), worked in a toy shop and later as a booking agent at the BarbaraSpeake Stage School, an independent performing arts school in East Acton. Collins is the youngest of three children: his sister Carole competed as a professionalice skater and followed her mother's footsteps as a theatrical agent, and his brother Clive was a noted cartoonist. The family moved twice by the time Collins hadreached two; they settled at 453 Hanworth Road in Hounslow, Middlesex.Collins was given a toy drum kit for Christmas when he was five, and later his two unclesmade him a makeshift set with triangles and tambourines that fitted into a suitcase. As Collins grew older, these were followed by more complete sets bought byhis parents. He practised by playing along to music on the television and radio. During a family holiday at a Butlin's, a seven-year-old Collins entered a talentcontest singing "The Ballad of Davy Crockett", but stopped the orchestra halfway through to tell them they were in the wrong key. The Beatles were a major earlyinfluence on Collins, including their drummer Ringo Starr. He followed the lesser-known London band the Action, whose drummer he would copy and whose workintroduced him to the soul music of Motown and Stax Records. Collins was also influenced by jazz and big band drummer Buddy Rich, whose opinion on theimportance of the hi-hat prompted him to stop using two bass drums and start using the hi-hat.Around twelve, Collins received basic piano and music tuition fromhis father's aunt. He studied drum rudiments under Lloyd Ryan and later under Frank King, and considered this training "more helpful than anything else becausethey're used all the time. In any kind of funk or jazz drumming, the rudiments are always there." Collins never learned to read or write musical notation anddevised his own system, which he regretted in later life. "I've always felt that if I could hum it, I could play it. For me, that was good enough, but that attitude isbad."Collins attended Nelson Primary School until he was eleven. He was accepted into Chiswick County Grammar School, where he took to football and formedthe Real Thing, a school band that had Andrea Bertorelli, his future wife, and friend Lavinia Lang, as backup singers. Both women would have an impact onCollins' personal life in later years. Collins' next group was the Freehold, with whom he wrote his first song, "Lying, Crying, Dying", and played in a group namedthe Charge.Career1963–1970: Early acting roles and bandsCollins quit school at fourteen to become a full-time pupil at Barbara Speake. He had an uncreditedpart as an extra in the Beatles' film A Hard Day's Night (1964), where he is amongst the screaming teenagers during the television concert sequence. Later in1964, Collins was cast as the Artful Dodger in two West End runs of the musical Oliver! He was paid £15 a week, and called the role "the best part for a kid in allLondon". His days as the Dodger were numbered when his voice broke during a performance and had to speak his lines for the rest of the show. Collins starred inCalamity the Cow (1967), a film produced by the Children's Film Foundation. After a falling out with the director, Collins decided to quit acting to pursue music.He was to appear in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) as one of the children who storm the castle, but his scene was cut. Collins auditioned for the role of Romeo inRomeo and Juliet (1968), but the role went to Leonard Whiting. He also travelled the country teaching people the "crunch" dance made popular by a Smith'scrisps advertising campaign.Collins's enthusiasm towards music grew during his acting years. He frequented the Marquee Club on Wardour Street so often,eventually the managers asked him to set out the chairs, sweep the floors, and assist in the cloakroom. It was here where Collins saw The Action and newcomersYes perform, which greatly influenced him. When auditions for Vinegar Joe and Manfred Mann Chapter Three were unsuccessful, Collins secured a position in theCliff Charles Blues Band and toured the country. This was followed by a stint in The Gladiators, a backing band for a black vocal quartet, which also featuredCollins's schoolmate Ronnie Caryl on guitar. Around this time, Collins learned that Yes were looking for a new drummer and spoke to frontman Jon Anderson, whoinvited him to an audition the following week. Collins failed to turn up, and later wondered what his life would have been like had he gone ahead with it.In 1969,Collins and Caryl joined John Walker's backing band for a European tour, which also consisted of guitarist Gordon Smith and keyboardist Brian Chatton. The tourfinished, and the quartet formed a rock band, Hickory, which recorded one single ("Green Light"/"The Key").  Still in 1n 1969, they were later renamed FlamingYouth. They signed to Fontana Records and recorded Ark 2 (1969), a concept album written and produced by Ken Howard and Alan Blaikley that tells the story ofman's evacuation from a burning Earth and its voyage into space. Each member sings a lead vocal.In May 1970, after Flaming Youth split, Collins played congason George Harrison's song "Art of Dying", but his contribution was omitted. Years later, Collins asked Harrison about the omission. Harrison sent Collins arecording allegedly containing Collins's performance; Collins was embarrassed to hear that the performance was poor. When Collins apologised, Harrisonconfessed that the recording was a prank, which Collins accepted in good humour.1970–1978: Genesis, later role as lead singer, and Brand XIn July 1970, therock band Genesis had signed with Charisma Records and recorded their second album Trespass (1970), but suffered a setback following the departures ofdrummer John Mayhew and guitarist Anthony Phillips. They decided to continue, and placed an advert in the Melody Maker for a drummer "sensitive to acousticmusic" and a 12-string acoustic guitarist. Collins recognised Charisma owner Tony Stratton-Smith's name on it, and he and Caryl went for the auditions. Thegroup, who had been a full-time working band for less than a year, consisted of school friends from Charterhouse School, a private boarding school: singer PeterGabriel, keyboardist Tony Banks, and bassist/guitarist Mike Rutherford. Collins and Caryl arrived early, so Collins took a swim in the pool at Gabriel's parents'house and memorised the pieces the drummers before him were playing. He recalled: "They put on 'Trespass', and my initial impression was of a very soft and


Passage 1:George IV, Count of Erbach-FürstenauGeorge IV, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau (12 May 1646 – 20 June 1678), was a member of the German House ofErbach who held the fiefs of Fürstenau, Michelstadt, Reichenberg, Bad König and Breuberg.Born in Hanau, he was the eighth child and fifth (but third surviving)son of George Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg and his third wife Elisabeth Dorothea, a daughter of George Frederick II, Count of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg inSchillingsfürst.LifeBecause he and his brothers were still minors at the time of their father's death in 1647, the guardianship and rule over the Erbach domainswere assigned to their eldest half-brother George Ernest, who ruled alone until his death in 1669, without issue. George IV and his surviving younger brothersGeorge Louis I and George Albert II jointly held the Erbach lands until 1672, when  formal division of their possessions was effected: George IV received thedistricts of Fürstenau, Michelstadt, Bad König and Breuberg.George IV pursued a military career, and eventually he was appointed major-general in theNetherlands. He died in the Waal river near Tiel, aged 32, at the end of the Franco-Dutch War, and was buried in Michelstadt.Marriage and issueIn Arolsen on 22August 1671 George IV married Louise Anna (18 April 1653 – 30 June 1714), heiress of Culemborg and daughter of Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck by his wifeElisabeth Charlotte of Nassau-Siegen. They had four children:Sophie Charlotte (23 September 1672 – April 1673)Amalie Mauritiana (1674 – 1675)WilliamFrederick (March 1676 – 18 August 1676)Charlotte Wilhelmine Albertine (posthumously; 18 September 1678 – 20 March 1683)Because he died without survivingmale issue, his domains reverted to his brothers, who divided them between themselves.== Notes ==Passage 2:George Albert II, Count ofErbach-FürstenauGeorge Albert II, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau (26 February 1648 – 23 March 1717), was a member of the German House of Erbach who held thefiefs of Fürstenau, Schönberg, Seeheim, Reichenberg and Breuberg.Born in Fürstenau, he was the ninth child and sixth (but fourth surviving) son of George AlbertI, Count of Erbach-Schönberg and his third wife Elisabeth Dorothea, a daughter of George Frederick II, Count of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg in Schillingsfürst. He wasborn three months after his father's death, on 25 November 1647.LifeHe pursued a military career and became an Oberstleutnant of the Imperial army.Followingthe division of the Erbach patrimony in 1672, George Albert II received the districts of Schönberg, Seeheim and 1/4 of Breuberg; in 1678, following the death ofhis brother George IV, he added to his domains the districts of Fürstenau and Reichenberg.George Albert II died in Fürstenau aged 69 and was buried inMichelstadt.== Notes ==Passage 3:George Albert I, Count of Erbach-SchönbergGeorge Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg (16 December 1597 – 25 November1647), was a German prince member of the House of Erbach and ruler over Schönberg, Seeheim, Reichenberg, Fürstenau and since 1643 over all the Erbachfamily lands.Born in Erbach, he was the fourth child and second (but eldest surviving) son of George III, Count of Erbach-Breuberg and his fourth wife Maria, adaughter of Count Albert X of Barby-Mühlingen.LifeAfter the death of their father, George Albert I and his surviving elder half-brothers divided the Erbachdomains in 1606: he received the districts of Schönberg and Seeheim.In 1617 he was captured by pirates and taken to Tunis, but shortly after he wasransomed.In 1623, after the death of his eldest half-brother Frederick Magnus without surviving issue, the remaining brothers divided his domains: George AlbertI received the district of Reichenberg.In 1627, with the death of another half-brother, John Casimir, unmarried and without issue, was made another landdivision; this time George Albert I received Fürstenau. Finally, the death of his last surviving half-brother Louis I in 1643 without living sons, allowed GeorgeAlbert I to reunite all the Erbach family possessions.George Albert I died in Erbach aged 49 and was buried in Michelstadt.Marriages and IssueIn Erbach on 29May 1624 George Albert I married firstly with Magdalena (13 November 1595 – 31 July 1633), a daughter of Johann VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg and his thirdwife Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein. They had six children:Ernest Louis Albert (6 October 1626 – 10 May 1627).Louise Albertine (5 October 1628 – 20 October1645).George Ernest, Count of Erbach-Wildenstein (7 October 1629 – 25 August 1669).Maria Charlotte (24 March 1631 – 8 June 1693), married on 15 June 1650to Count Johann Ernest of Isenburg-Büdingen in Wächtersbach.Anna Philippina (15 July 1632 – 16 March 1633).Stillborn son (31 July 1633).On 23 February 1634George Albert I married secondly with Anna Dorothea (1612 – 23 June 1634), a daughter of Albert, Schenk of Limpurg-Gaildorf and his wife Emilie of Rogendorf.They had no children.In Frankfurt am Main on 26 July 1635 George Albert I married thirdly with Elisabeth Dorothea (27 August 1617 – 12 November 1655), adaughter of George Frederick II, Count of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg in Schillingsfürst and his wife Dorothea Sophie of Solms-Hohensolms. They had ninechildren:George Frederick, Count of Erbach-Breuberg (6 October 1636 – 23 April 1653).William Louis (born and died 7 December 1637).Sophie Elisabeth (13 May1640 – 18 June 1641).Juliana Christina Elisabeth (10 September 1641 – 26 November 1692), married on 12 December 1660 to Count Salentin Ernest ofManderscheid in Blankenheim.George Louis I, Count of Erbach-Erbach (8 May 1643 – 30 April 1693).George Albert (14 May 1644 – 27 March 1645).MauritiaSusanna (30 March 1645 – 17 November 1645).George IV, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau (12 May 1646 – 20 June 1678).George Albert II, Count ofErbach-Fürstenau (posthumously 26 February 1648 – 23 March 1717).== Notes ==Passage 4:George Louis I, Count of Erbach-ErbachGeorge Louis I, Count ofErbach-Erbach (8 May 1643 – 30 April 1693), was a German prince member of the House of Erbach and ruler over Erbach, Freienstein, Wildenstein, Michelstadtand Breuberg.Born in Fürstenau, he was the fifth child and third (but second surviving) son of George Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg and his third wifeElisabeth Dorothea, a daughter of George Frederick II, Count of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg in Schillingsfürst.LifeBecause he and his brothers were still minors at thetime of their father's death in 1647, the guardianship and rule over the Erbach domains were assigned to their eldest half-brother George Ernest, who ruled aloneuntil his death in 1669, without issue. George Louis I and his surviving younger brothers George IV and George Albert II ruled jointly the Erbach lands until 1672,when was made the formal division of their possessions: George Louis I received the districts of Erbach, Freienstein and Wildenstein.The death of George IV in1678 without surviving issue forced another division in the Erbach patrimony; this time George Louis received the districts of Michelstadt and Breuberg.GeorgeLouis I died in Arolsen aged 49 and was buried in Michelstadt.Marriage and issueIn Culemborg on 26 December 1664 George Louis I married with CountessAmalia Katharina of Waldeck-Eisenberg (13 August 1640 – 4 January 1697), a daughter of Philipp Dietrich, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg and his wife MariaMagdalena von Nassau-Siegen. They had sixteen children:Henriette (27 September 1665 – 28 September 1665).Henriette Juliane (15 October 1666 – 27February 1684).Philipp Louis, Count of Erbach-Erbach (10 June 1669 – 17 June 1720).Charles Albert Louis (16 June 1670 – k.a. Dapfing a.d.Donau, 18 August1704).George Albert (born and died 1 July 1671).Amalie Katharina (13 May 1672 – 18 June 1676).Frederick Charles (19 April 1673 – 20 April 1673).A son (bornand died 16 September 1674).Wilhelmine Sophie (16 February 1675 – 20 August 1675).Magdalena Charlotte (6 February 1676 – 3 December 1676).WilhelmLouis (21 March 1677 – 19 February 1678).Amalie Katharina (born and died 18 February 1678).Fredericka Charlotte (19 April 1679 – 21 April 1679).FrederickCharles, Count of Erbach-Limpurg (21 May 1680 – 20 February 1731).Ernest (23 September 1681 – 2 March 1684).Sophia Albertine (30 July 1683 – 4 September1742), married on 4 February 1704 to Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen.== Notes ==Passage 5:George Frederick, Count ofErbach-BreubergGeorge Frederick, Count of Erbach-Breuberg (6 October 1636 – 23 April 1653), was a German prince member of the House of Erbach and rulerover Breuberg.He was the eldest child of George Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg and his third wife Elisabeth Dorothea, a daughter of George Frederick II,Count of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg in Schillingsfürst.LifeBecause he and his brothers were still minors at the time of their father's death in 1647, the guardianshipand rule over the Erbach domains were assigned to their eldest half-brother George Ernest, who in 1653 gave George Frederick the district of Breuberg when heattained his majority; however, he died shortly after, unmarried and childless, and Breuberg merged back to the rule of George Ernest.== Notes ==Passage6:John Casimir, Count of Erbach-BreubergJohn Casimir, Count of Erbach-Breuberg (10 August 1584 – 14 January 1627), was a German prince member of theHouse of Erbach and ruler over Breuberg, Wildenstein and Fürstenau.Born in Erbach, he was the eleventh child and fourth (but third surviving) son of George III,Count of Erbach-Breuberg and his second wife Anna, a daughter of Frederick Magnus, Count of Solms-Laubach-Sonnenwalde.LifeAfter the death of their father,John Casimir and his surviving brothers divided the Erbach domains in 1606: he received the districts of Breuberg and Wildenstein. In 1623, after the death of hiseldest brother Frederick Magnus without surviving issue, the remaining brothers divided his domains: John Casimir received the district of Fürstenau.John Casimirdied in Schweidnitz aged 41 and was buried in Michelstadt. Because he never married or had children, his brothers divided his land after his death.== Notes==Passage 7:George August, Count of Erbach-SchönbergGeorge August was the Count of Erbach-Schönberg and an Imperial counselor.BiographyHe was theyoungest son of George Albert II, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau and Countess Anna Dorothea of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg. He was born on Sunday 17 June 1691 inWaldenburg. Georg died on Wednesday 29 March 1758 in Konig, aged 66.FamilyAt the age of 28, Georg married Ferdinande Henriette, Countess ofStolberg-Gedern, aged 20, on Friday 15 December 1719 in Gedern. She was born on Friday 2 October 1699 in Gedern, daughter of Ludwig Christian ofStolberg-Wernigerode and Duchess Christine of Mecklenburg-Güstrow. Ferdinande died on Saturday 31 January 1750 in Erbach, aged 50.IssueCountess Christineof Erbach-Schonberg (b. Schönberg, Starkenburg, Hesse-Darmstadt, 5 May 1721 – d. Eschleiz, Reuss-Juengere-Linie, Thuringia, 26 November 1769), married inSchönberg on 2 October 1742 to Heinrich XII, Count of Reuss-Schleiz (Schleiz 15 May 1716-Kirschkau 25 June 1784).Georg Ludwig II, Count of


Passage 1:Agatha (wife of Samuel of Bulgaria)Agatha (Bulgarian: Агата, Greek: Άγάθη; fl. late 10th century) was the wife of Emperor Samuel of Bulgaria.BiographyAccording to a later addition to the history of the late-11th-century Byzantine historian John Skylitzes, Agatha was a captive from Larissa, and the daughter of the magnate of Dyrrhachium, John Chryselios. Skylitzes explicitly refers to her as the mother of Samuel's heir Gavril Radomir, which means that she was probably Samuel's wife. On the other hand, Skylitzes later mentions that Gavril Radomir himself also took a beautiful captive, named Irene, from Larissa as his wife. According to the editors of the Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit, this may have been a source of confusion for a later copyist, and Agatha's real origin was not Larissa, but Dyrrhachium. According to the same work, it is likely that she had died by ca. 998, when her father surrendered Dyrrhachium to the Byzantine emperor Basil II.Only two of Samuel's and Agatha's children are definitely known by name: Gavril Radomir and Miroslava. Two further, unnamed, daughters are mentioned in 1018, while Samuel is also recorded as having had a bastard son.Agatha is one of the central characters in Dimitar Talev's novel Samuil.Passage 2:Nína TryggvadóttirNína Tryggvadóttir (March 16, 1913 – June 18, 1968) was born Jónína Tryggvadóttir in Seyðisfjörður, Iceland. She was one of Iceland's most important abstract expressionist artists and one of very few Icelandic female artists of her generation.Early lifeNína Tryggvadóttir was born on March 16, 1913, in Seyðisfjörður. In 1920 the family moved to Reykjavik. She studied art from Ásgrímur Jónsson, a close relative on her father’s side. From 1933 to 1935 she also attended classes of Finnur Jonsson and Johann Briem. She moved to Copenhagen in 1935 where she studied art at the Royal Academy of Art. After graduating from the Academy in 1939 she spent time studying in Paris and was quite taken by the city.CareerIn 1942 she and her fellow artist Louisa Matthíasdóttir moved to New York City to study at the Art Students League of New York and develop her art further. There she took an active part in the city’s art scene.In 1949 she married Alfred L. Copley (alter ego: L. Alcopley). Later that year she went to Iceland for a short visit. There she was informed that she was not able to return to the United States because she was suspected of being a Communist sympathizer.During her exile from the United States she lived in various places in Europe, Iceland being one of them. Copley joined her in Paris where they lived for a few years together with their daughter Una Dóra Copley, born 1951. During those years Nina kept making and practicing her art, exhibiting in many places and traveling through Europe. They returned to New York City in 1959 where Nína continued to work on her art and exhibiting mostly in Europe. During all her years abroad Nína kept exhibiting in Iceland and was her input very valuable to the art society in Iceland.Mainly working in painting she also did paper collage, stained glass work, mosaic and more. She frequently based her compositions on nature where Icelandic landscape and the Nordic light played an important role.DeathShe died on June 18, 1968, in New York.Legacy and recognitionIn 2012, a crater on Mercury was named after Tryggvadóttir.In May 2018, the Reykjavík City Council signed a declaration of intent between the city and couple Una Dóra Copley and Scott Jeffries to set up an art museum dedicated to Nína Tryggvadóttir. The couple donated their art collection to the city.In 2023 her work was included in the exhibition Action, Gesture, Paint: Women Artists and Global Abstraction 1940-1970 at the Whitechapel Gallery in London.See alsoList of Icelandic women artistsPassage 3:Alfred L. CopleyAlfred Lewin Copley (1910–1992) was a German-American medical scientist and an artist at the New York School in the 1950s. As an artist he worked under the name L. Alcopley. He is best known as an artist for his abstract expressionist paintings, and as a scientist for his work in the field of hemorheology. He was married to the Icelandic artist Nína Tryggvadóttir.Work as a medical scientistAs a scientist, Copley studied the rheology of blood. In 1948 he introduced the word biorheology to describe rheology in biological systems.In 1952 he introduced the word hemorheology, to describe the study of the way blood and blood vessels function as part of the living organism.In 1966 he established the International Society of Hemorheology, which changed its name and scope in 1969 to the International Society of Biorheology (ISB).  In 1972 the ISB awarded him its Poiseuille gold medal.Work as an artistIn 1949 he was one of twenty artists who founded the Eighth Street Club. The group also included Franz Kline, Willem de Kooning and Alcopley's close friend, the composer Edgard Varèse.He participated in the Ninth Street Show in 1951 and had a solo exhibition at the Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam in 1962. His work is held in the collection of the National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo.See alsoBiorheology, the study of flow properties(rheology) of biological fluids.Hemorheology, the study of flow properties of blood and its elements .Passage 4:James Copley (bobsleigh)James Copley (born October 18, 1951) is an American bobsledder. He competed in the four man event at the 1972 Winter Olympics.Passage 5:Pheonix CopleyPheonix Copley (born January 18, 1992) is an American professional ice hockey goaltender for the  Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League (NHL).Playing careerUSHL and CollegeUndrafted, Copley played in the United States Hockey League (USHL) with the Tri-City Storm and Des Moines Buccaneers before committing to play collegiate hockey with Michigan Tech of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA). At the conclusion of his sophomore season, Copley opted to turn professional in agreeing to a two-year entry-level contract with the Washington Capitals on March 20, 2014.St. Louis Blues and Washington CapitalsCopley was assigned to AHL affiliate, the Hershey Bears, to begin his first full professional season in 2014–15. In sharing the crease, he impressed with the Bears, earning 17 wins in 26 games. In the off-season, Copley was included in a trade, which also included Troy Brouwer and a third-round pick in 2016, to the St. Louis Blues in exchange for T. J. Oshie on July 2, 2015.In the 2015–16 season, Copley made his NHL debut with the Blues in relief in a defeat to the Nashville Predators on February 27, 2016.During the 2016–17 season, on January 20, 2017, Copley was recalled from the Chicago Wolves of the AHL by the Blues. He made the first start of his NHL career on January 21 against the Winnipeg Jets, where the Blues lost 5–3. After he was returned to the Wolves, on February 27, 2017, Copley was traded back to the Capitals in a deadline trade along with Kevin Shattenkirk in exchange for Zach Sanford, Brad Malone, a 2017 first-round pick, and a conditional second-round pick in 2019. Copley was called up to the NHL during the Capitals' 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs run and although he did not play during the playoffs, he stayed with the team as they won the 2018 Stanley Cup.Copley made the Capitals opening-night roster to begin the 2018–19 season. He recorded his first NHL win in a 4–3 shootout win over the Calgary Flames on October 27, 2018. He spent the 2019–20 and 2020–21 seasons with the Hershey Bears, where he earned the Harry "Hap" Holmes Memorial Award with Zachary Fucale for the 2020–21 season's best save percentage.Los Angeles KingsAs a free agent following the 2021–22 season, Copley signed a one-year, $850,000 contract with the Los Angeles Kings on July 13, 2022. After Kings goaltenders Cal Petersen and Jonathan Quick struggled at the start of the 2022–23 season, the Kings called up Copley from the AHL in December 2022. Copley would quickly established himself as the team's starting goaltender, becoming just the fifth goaltender in franchise history to win seven games in a row.Personal lifeCopley was born on January 18, 1992, in North Pole, Alaska, to parents Peter Copley and Mary Sanford. His older brother Navarone also plays ice hockey. At a young age, his family moved to Ohio so his father could pursue an advanced degree. Eventually, his parents divorced and Mary, Navarone and Pheonix moved back to Alaska. In honor of his birthplace, Copley has candy canes on his goaltender mask.Career statisticsPassage 6:Paul CopleyPaul Mackriell Copley (born 25 November 1944) is an English actor and voiceover artist. From 2011 to 2015 he appeared as Mr. Mason, father of William Mason, in 16 episodes of Downton Abbey, and from 2020 to 2021, he appeared in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street as Arthur Medwin.Early lifeCopley was born in Denby Dale, West Riding of Yorkshire, and grew up beside a dairy farm there. His father, Harold, was involved with local amateur dramatic productions, as were the rest of his family. He went to Penistone Grammar School, then to the Northern Counties College of Education in Newcastle upon Tyne, where he received an Associate of the Drama Board (ADB) in Drama. He taught English and Drama in Walthamstow, before he joined the Leeds Playhouse Theatre-in-education Company in 1971.CareerCopley was the male lead character in the four-part BBC series Days of Hope in 1975, which depicted events between the First World War and the General Strike from a family involved in socialist politics.In 1976, Copley won the Laurence Olivier Award for Actor of the Year in a New Play for his role in John Wilson's For King and Country.After appearing as Private Wicks in the film A Bridge Too Far (1977), he played a small but noticeable role in Zulu Dawn (1979) as Cpl Storey in the British Army. He appeared in the then controversial ATV drama Death of a Princess (1980), playing a British witness to the killing of an Arabian princess and her lover. He has played Matthews in Hornblower, Ian in Roughnecks and Jerry in This Life and Peter Quinlan in The Lakes. In the critically acclaimed Queer as Folk he played Nathan Maloney's father. He was in Big Finish's July 2002 Doctor Who story Spare Parts and appeared in Shameless as a water sports enthusiast. In 1980 he appeared in the highly successful comedy drama series Minder playing George Palmer in episode The Old School Tie. He narrates the Channel 4 programme How Clean Is Your House?. He featured in the ITV children's hit show Best Friends in 2005–2006, playing the grandfather.He is a regular actor in Radio 4 drama, usually in gritty or romantic plays or series about hard-working folk set in the north of England, often repeated on BBC Radio 4 Extra. Whenever a genial Yorkshire accent has been cast in the BBC radio drama department, he has often been summoned. Copley played the long-suffering teacher Geoff Long in Radio 4's long running King Street Junior. Covering ten series and some seventy-six episodes, this ran on BBC Radio 4 from 1985 to 1998. He also narrated the Yorkshire Television nine-part serial adaptation of The Pilgrim's Progress (1985) entitled Dangerous Journey.On 13 February 2006, Copley appeared as an angry hostage-taker in an episode of the crime drama Life on Mars. Copley appeared in the TV Soap Coronation Street on 8 August 2007, portraying a character called Ivor Priestley, and in the TV adaptation of The Worst Witch by Jill Murphy, as wizard and