Passage 1:Mona Hopton BellMona Hopton Bell (1867–1940) was a British artist, best known for her portraits of civic figures.She was the grandmother of the painter Jean H. Bell.Passage 2:Hubba bint HulailHubba bint Hulail (Arabic:   ) was the grandmother of Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf, thus the great-great-great-grandmother of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.BiographyHubbah was the daughter of Hulail ibn Hubshiyyah ibn Salul ibn Ka’b ibn Amr al-Khuza’i of Banu Khuza'a who was the trustee and guardian of the Ka‘bah (Arabic: , 'Cube'). She married Qusai ibn Kilab and after her father died, the keys of the Kaaba were committed to her. Qusai, according to Hulail's will, had the trusteeship of the Kaaba after him.Hubbah never gave up ambitious hopes for the line of her favourite son Abd Manaf. Her two favourite grandsons were the twin sons Amr and Abd Shams, of ‘Ātikah bint Murrah. Hubbah hoped that the opportunities missed by Abd Manaf would be made up for in these grandsons, especially Amr, who seemed much more suitable for the role than any of the sons of Abd al-Dar. He was dear to the ‘ayn (Arabic: , eye) of his grandmother Hubbah.FamilyQusai ibn Kilab had four sons by Hubbah: Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai dedicated to his house, Abdu’l Qusayy dedicated to himself, Abd-al-Uzza ibn Qusai to his goddess (Al-‘Uzzá) and Abd Manaf ibn Qusai to the idol revered by Hubbah. They also had two daughters, Takhmur and Barrah. Abd Manaf's real name was 'Mughirah', and he also had the nickname 'al-Qamar' (the Moon) because he was handsome.Hubbah was related to Muhammad in more than one way. Firstly, she was the great-great-grandmother of his father Abdullah. She was also the great-grandmother of Umm Habib and Abdul-Uzza, respectively the maternal grandmother and grandfather of Muhammad's mother Aminah.Family tree* indicates that the marriage order is disputedNote that direct lineage is marked in bold.See alsoFamily tree of MuhammadList of notable HijazisPassage 3:TjuyuThuya (sometimes transliterated as Touiyou, Thuiu, Tuya, Tjuyu or Thuyu) was an Egyptian noblewoman and the mother of queen Tiye, and the wife of Yuya. She is the grandmother of Akhenaten, and great grandmother of Tutankhamun.BiographyThuya is believed to be a descendant of Queen Ahmose-Nefertari, and she held many official roles in the interwoven religion and government of ancient Egypt. She was involved in many religious cults; her titles included 'Singer of Hathor' and ' Chief of the Entertainers' of both Amun and Min. She also held the influential offices of Superintendent of the Harem of the god Min of Akhmin and of Amun of Thebes.  She married Yuya, a powerful ancient Egyptian courtier of the Eighteenth Dynasty.  She is believed to have died in around 1375 BC in her early to mid 50s.ChildrenYuya and Thuya had a daughter named Tiye, who became the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Amenhotep III. The great royal wife was the highest Egyptian religious position, serving alongside of the pharaoh in official ceremonies and rituals.Yuya and Thuya also had a son named Anen, who carried the titles Chancellor of Lower Egypt, Second Prophet of Amun, sm-priest of Heliopolis and Divine Father.They also may have been the parents of Ay, an Egyptian courtier active during the reign of pharaoh Akhenaten who became pharaoh after the death of Tutankhamun. However, there is no conclusive evidence regarding the kinship of Yuya and Ay, although certainly, both men came from Akhmim.TombThuya was interred in tomb KV46 in the Valley of the Kings, together with her husband Yuya, where their largely intact burial was found in 1905. It was the best-preserved tomb discovered in the Valley before that of Tutankhamun, Thuya's great-grandson. The tomb was discovered by a team of workmen led by archaeologist James Quibell on behalf of the American millionaire Theodore M. Davis. Though the tomb had been robbed in antiquity, much of its contents were still present, including beds, boxes, chests, a chariot, and the sarcophagi, coffins, and mummies of the two occupants.Thuya's large gilded and black-painted wooden sarcophagus was placed against the south wall of the tomb. It is rectangular, with a lid shaped like the sloping roof of the per-wer shrine of Upper Egypt, and sits on ornamental sledge runners, their non-functionality underscored by the three battens attached below them. Ancient robbers had partially dismantled it to access her coffins and mummy, placing its lid and one long side on a bed on the other side of the tomb; the other long side had been leaned against the south wall. Her outer gilded anthropoid coffin had been removed, its lid placed atop the beds, and the trough put into the far corner of the tomb; the lid of her second (innermost) coffin, also gilded, had been removed and placed to one side although the trough and her mummy remained inside the sarcophagus. Quibell suggests this is due to the robbers having some difficulty in removing the lid of this coffin.MummyThuya's mummified body was found covered with a large sheet of linen, knotted at the back and secured by four bandages. These bands were covered with resin and opposite each band were her gilded titles cut from gold foil. The resin coating on the lower layers of bandages preserved the impression of a large broad collar. The mummy bands that had once covered her wrapped mummy were recovered above the storage jars on the far side of the room.The first examination of her body was conducted by Australian anatomist Grafton Elliot Smith. He found her to be an elderly woman of small stature, 1.495 metres (4.90 ft) in height, with white hair. Both of her earlobes had two piercings. Her arms are straight at her sides with her hands against the outside of her thighs. Her embalming incision is stitched with thread, to which a carnelian barrel bead is attached at the lower end; her body cavity is stuffed with resin-soaked linen. When Dr. Douglas Derry, (who later conducted the first examination of Tutankhamun's mummy) assisting Smith in his examination, exposed Thuya's feet to get an accurate measurement of her height, he found her to be wearing gold foil sandals. Smith estimated her age at more than 50 years based on her outward appearance alone. Recent CT scanning has estimated her age at death to be 50–60 years old. Her brain was removed, though no embalming material was inserted, and both nostrils were stuffed with linen. Embalming packs had been placed into her eye sockets, and subcutaneous filling had been placed into her mid and lower face to restore a lifelike appearance; embalming material had also been placed into her mouth and throat. Her teeth were in poor condition at the time of her death, with missing molars. Heavy wear and abscesses had been noted in earlier x-rays. The scan revealed that she had severe scoliosis with a Cobb angle of 25 degrees. No cause of death could be determined. Her mummy has the inventory number CG 51191.Archaeological items pertaining to ThuyaPassage 4:Hannah ArnoldHannah Arnold may refer to:Hannah Arnold (née Waterman) (c.1705–1758), mother of Benedict ArnoldHannah Arnold (beauty queen) (born 1996), Filipino-Australian model and beauty pageant titleholderPassage 5:Diana GuardatoDiana Guardato was a member of the aristocratic Patrician Guardato family. She had at least two children with King Ferdinand I. Her first child was Ferdinando d' Aragona y Guardato, 1st Duke of Montalto who married 1st, Anna Sanseverino, 2nd, Castellana de Cardona whose daughter Maria d'Aragona, married Antonio Todeschini Piccolomini, Duke of Amalfi, a nephew of Pope Pius II and brother of Pope Pius III.Her second child was Giovanna d’ Aragona, who married Leonardo della Rovere, Duke of Arce and Sora, a nephew of Pope Sixtus IV and brother of Pope Julius II.Passage 6:Anne DenmanAnne Denman (1587–1661) was born in Olde Hall, Retford, Nottinghamshire. Through a second marriage with Thomas Aylesbury, she became the grandmother of Lady Anne Hyde, Duchess of York and great-grandmother of Queen Mary II and Queen Anne.Early lifeAnne was born in Olde Hall, West Retford in around 1587. She was the younger daughter of Francis Denman of Retford and Anne (Blount) Denman. Francis (born c. 1531, died 1599) was the rector of West Retford, Notts from 1578. He was the second son of Anne Hercy by her first husband, Nicholas Denman esq of East Retford, Notts. Francis had several sons who pre-deceased him and left two daughters as his heirs: Barbara (born c. 1583) who married Edward Darell (born c. 1582); and Anne.Anne's nephew, Dr John Darrell, was the youngest child of Barbara Denman and Edward Darell, and inherited substantial properties from both the Denman and Darell families. In 1665 just before his death he made a will dividing his estate between three charities. He donated the childhood home of Anne and Barbara, Olde Hall, to create a hospital for elderly men (an alms house), which became the site for Trinity Hospital, Retford (a Grade II listed building).MarriagesAnne was married at 20 and left a widow at 23 after the death of her first husband William, the younger son of Sir Thomas Darell. William was the half-brother of her sister Barbara's husband Edward.Anne left Retford due to some unknown trouble, or loss of fortune, in 1610 and proceeded to London by waggon-coach. Wilmshurst (1908) records that there had been a lawsuit between the two sisters in 1605.After reaching London, Anne is said to have halted at a hostel called the 'Goat and Compasses', where she rested before looking out for an occupation suitable for a country lady of good birth and family. The owner (not the landlord) of the hostel was Mr Thomas Aylesbury, a rich brewer of the Parish of St Andrew's, Holborn who happened to be making an inspection of his 'Houses' and required a housekeeper for his household, engaging Anne to this position. Thomas was a widower of 34, and a year later made Anne an offer of marriage.The marriage of Anne and Thomas was recorded in the Bishop of London's Registry, dated 3 October 1611, giving the couple's address as St Andrew's, Holborn. The registry notes that the marriage has 'the consent of his father, William Aylesbury, Esquire'. She is described in the register as 'Anne Darell, of the City of London, widow, whose husband died a year before'. Edwin Wilmshurst (1908) notes that Anne's first husband, William Darrel is described as 'of London', and apparently died there. He says this suggests Anne 'may have become acquainted with Mr Thomas Aylesbury before she became so young a widow and he a widower'. He also comments that on 17 April 1611, there was a partition of Estate between Edward Darrel and Barbara his wife, and her sister Anne, by an Indenture. This took place while she was working for Thomas Aylesbury but before she married him.Marrying Thomas was fortunate for Anne, as in 1627, he was created a Baronet, Master of the Mint, and Master of the Requests, by Charles I. After the King's death, the family moved to Antwerp with other Royalists. During this time in exile, Barbara, Anne's daughter died. Lady Anne Hyde, Duchess of York, and granddaughter of Anne Denman, later noted in her pocket book that her aunt Barbara died in Antwerp in 1652 and unmarried. 'My dear Aunt Bab was, when she died, 24 years of age.' Barbara, when in exile in Holland, was attached to the then Princess


Passage 1:Donnie ElbertDonnie Elbert (May 25, 1936 – January 26, 1989) was an American soul singer and songwriter, who had a prolific career from themid-1950s to the late 1970s. His U.S. hits included "Where Did Our Love Go?" (1971), and his reputation as a Northern soul artist in the UK was secured by "ALittle Piece of Leather", a performance highlighting his powerful falsetto voice.CareerElbert was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, but when aged three his familyrelocated to Buffalo, New York. He learned to play guitar and piano as a child, and in 1955 formed a doo-wop group, the Vibraharps, with friend Danny Cannon.Elbert acted as the group's guitarist, songwriter, arranger, and background vocalist, making his recording debut on their single "Walk Beside Me". He left thegroup in 1957 for a solo career, and recorded a demonstration record that earned him a recording contract with the King label's DeLuxe subsidiary. His solo debut"What Can I Do?" reached #12 in the U.S. R&B chart, and he followed it up with the less successful "Believe It or Not" and "Have I Sinned?", which became aregional hit in Pittsburgh.He continued to release singles on DeLuxe, but with little commercial success, and also played New York's Apollo Theater and toured theChitlin' Circuit of African-American owned nightclubs. After completing an album, The Sensational Donnie Elbert Sings, he left DeLuxe in 1959, joining first RedTop Records, where in 1960 he recorded "Someday (You'll Want Me to Want You)", and then Vee-Jay Records, where he had another regional hit with "Will YouEver Be Mine?", which reportedly sold 250,000 copies in the Philadelphia area but failed to take off nationwide. His career was also interrupted by a spell in the USArmy, from which he was discharged in 1961. He then recorded singles for several labels, including Parkway, Cub and Checker, but with little success. However,although the 1965 Gateway label release of "A Little Piece of Leather" failed to chart in the US, the record became a #27 pop hit when released on the Londonlabel in the UK several years later in 1972, and remains a Northern soul favorite.Elbert relocated to the UK in 1966, where he married. There, he recorded "InBetween The Heartaches" for the Polydor label in 1968, a cover version of the Supremes' hit "Where Did Our Love Go?" and an album of Otis Redding coverversions, Tribute To A King. His 1969 Deram release "Without You" had a rocksteady rhythm, and went to the top of the Jamaican charts.He returned to the USthe same year and had his first US chart hit in over a decade with the Rare Bullet release, "Can't Get Over Losing You", which reached #26 on the Billboard R&Bchart. The track and its b-side, "Got To Get Myself Together", both written by Elbert, were released several times on different labels in subsequent years. Afterthe success of that record, Elbert moved labels for a re-make of the Supremes' 1964 hit, "Where Did Our Love Go?" on All Platinum. It became his biggest hit,reaching #15 on the Billboard pop chart, #6 on the R&B chart, and (in 1972) #8 in the UK. Its follow-up, "Sweet Baby" reached #30 on the R&B chart in early1972.Elbert then signed with Avco-Embassy, where he entered the recording studio with the successful production team of Hugo & Luigi. His cover of the FourTops' "I Can't Help Myself" reached #14 on the Billboard R&B chart, but climbed as high as #2 on the alternative Cashbox R&B chart. Elbert baulked at the label'sinsistence that he record material associated with Motown and departed with only a few tracks left to record for an album. Even so, the album was released afterAvco sold it on to a budget label, Trip.He returned to All Platinum and had a run of minor R&B hits, but left after a disagreement over the claimed authorship ofShirley & Company's R&B chart-topper "Shame Shame Shame", which was credited to label owner Sylvia Robinson. Elbert was also involved in a copyrightwrangle over Darrell Banks' major R&B and pop hit in 1966, "Open The Door To Your Heart". He had originally written the song as "Baby Walk Right In" (still itsalternative legal title) and given it to Banks, but received no writing credit on the original record. Eventually, the matter was resolved by BMI with a disgruntledElbert awarded joint authorship with Banks. "Open The Door" has since been given award-winning status by BMI and is one of over 100 songs written orco-written by Elbert.For 1975's "You Keep Me Crying (With Your Lying)", Elbert formed his own label and "I Got to Get Myself Together", appeared on an imprintbearing his surname, but it was among his final recordings.By the mid-1980s, Elbert had retired from performing and became director of A&R for Polygram'sCanadian division. He suffered a massive stroke and died in 1989, at the age of 52.DiscographyChart singlesAlbumsThe Sensational Donnie Elbert Sings (King,1959)Tribute to a King (1968)Where Did Our Love Go? (All Platinum, 1971) U.S. #153, R&B #45Have I Sinned? (Deluxe, 1971)Stop in the Name of Love (Trip,1972)A Little Bit of Leather (1972)Roots of Donnie Elbert (Ember, 1973)Dancin' the Night Away (All Platinum, 1977)See alsoList of disco artists (A-E)Passage2:Sarah ScullinSarah Maria Scullin (née McNamara; 21 April 1880 – 31 May 1962) was the wife of James Scullin, the 9th Prime Minister of Australia.Early life andmarriageScullin was born in Ballarat, Victoria, to Sarah (née Simcocks) and Michael McNamara. Her mother was born in County Kerry, Ireland, and her father wasborn in Bodyke, County Clare. She was educated at local Catholic schools, and was known as a skilled dressmaker and a talented artist. She married JamesScullin at St Patrick's Cathedral, Ballarat, on 11 November 1907. The couple had no children.Public lifeScullin accompanied her husband on his electioncampaigns, but did not make speeches herself. According to his biographer John Robertson, she was "significant politically in an indirect manner, for she provideda serene domestic haven as a base for her husband's political activities". When her husband became prime minister in 1929, the couple chose to live in the HotelCanberra rather than The Lodge, as an economy during the Great Depression. She nursed him during his bouts of ill health, and during the four-hour "sickroomcabinet" meeting of August 1930 "stood guard at the door, refusing entrance to all unwanted visitors".Later lifeScullin was widowed in January 1953. Her husbandhad been seriously ill and frequently bed-ridden for about two years, during which she was his primary caregiver. She died at their house on Park Avenue, Kew, inMay 1962, aged 82. She was buried alongside her husband in the Catholic section of Melbourne General Cemetery.Passage 3:Joseph J. Sullivan(vaudeville)Joseph J. Sullivan was a blackface comedian and acrobat in New York.  He composed the song Where Did You Get That Hat? and first performed it in1888.  It was a great success and he performed it many times thereafter.Passage 4:Andrew Allen (singer)Andrew Allen (born 6 May 1981) is a Canadiansinger-songwriter from Vernon, British Columbia. He is signed to Sony/ATV and has released five top ten singles, and written and recorded many others, includingWhere Did We Go? with Carly Rae Jepsen. He also records covers and posts them on YouTube.BackgroundRaised in British Columbia's Okanagan Valley, hisacoustic pop/rock music is inspired by artists like Jason Mraz and Jack Johnson.CareerAndrew Allen scored his first hit in 2009, when I Wanna Be Your Christmascracked the Top Ten in his native Canada. He was honored as the feature performer for the Sochi 2014 hand off finale on the internationally broadcast ClosingCeremony of the 2010 Paralympic Winter Games held at Whistler, British Columbia. Allen continued building an international profile in 2010, and released hisbiggest single Loving You Tonight, which sold more than 100,000 copies worldwide, was featured on the Gold Selling NOW 37, hit #6 on the Canadian charts for22 weeks in a row and #30 on the US Hot AC charts, and got him a record deal with Epic after spending much of that year on the road. Because of the song'sattention, Allen had the opportunity to perform with some of the world's biggest artists like Bruno Mars, One Republic, The Barenaked Ladies, Train, MattNathanson, Joshua Radin, Andy Grammer, The Script, Nick Carter, Kris Allen, Carly Rae Jepsen and many others.Loving You Tonight was also featured on thesoundtrack of Abduction starring Taylor Lautner.CollaborationsAndrew Allen is also well known in the songwriting community, and has written songs with artistslike Meghan Trainor, Rachel Platten, Cody Simpson, Carly Rae Jepsen, Matt Simons, Conrad Sewell as well as writer/producers like Toby Gad, Ryan Stewart, EricRosse, Jason Reeves, John Shanks, Nolan Sipes, Mark Pellizzer (Magic), Brian West and Josh Cumbee. Numerous songs he has been a part of writing have beenreleased by various artists, including Last Chance, which was on the Grammy nominated album Atmosphere by Kaskade feat. DJ Project 46, Ad Occhi Chiusiwhich was on the Double Platinum release by Italian artist Marco Mengoni and Maybe (which Allen also later released himself) released by teen pop sensationDaniel Skye, as well as many others.SinglesI Wanna Be Your Christmas (2009)Loving You Tonight (2010)I Want You (2011)Where Did We Go? (2012)Satellite(2012)Play with Fire (2013)Thinking About You (2014)What You Wanted (2016)Favorite Christmas Song (2017)Maybe (2017)DiscographyThe Living RoomSessions (2008)Andrew Allen EP (2009)The Mix Tape (2012)Are We Cool? (2013)All Hearts Come Home (2014)The Writing Room (2020)12:34 (2022;pre-released on vinyl in 2021)Songwriting creditsLast Chance released by Kaskade featuring Project 46 on his Grammy nominated record Atmosphere.Ad OcchiChiusi released by Marco Mengoni on his Double Platinum record.Reasons released by Project 46.No Ordinary Angel released by Nick Howard from The VoiceGermany.Million Dollars released by Nick Howard from The Voice Germany.Maybe released by Daniel Skye.Passage 5:Nancy BaronNancy Baron is an Americanrock singer who was active in New York City in the early 1960s, known for the singles "Where Did My Jimmy Go?" and "I've Got A Feeling".Early lifeBorn into afamily of singers and writers, Baron was introduced to many musical genres by her family at an early age. Noting her singing talents, her parents brought theiryoung child to auditions for musical theater productions in New York City. The singer joined Glee clubs at school and formed her own female singing groups atschool. At the age of 11, she heard her first "Rock and Roll" song. This affected her taste in music and desire to emulate the style; it was the first time she hearda Rock group with a female lead singer. This was significant since she realized that she could be a lead singer.Recording careerAt the age of 15, her parents senther for vocal coaching in Manhattan, N.Y. After a while her coach sent her to record a demonstration record in a sound studio near Broadway. Upon hearing hersing, the sound engineer contacted his friend who was a producer of a small record company in N.Y.C.; he was impressed by her voice and immediately signedher to a contract. The singer's mother co-signed the document since Baron was a fifteen-year-old minor at the time.Baron became one of the many girl group/girl


Passage 1:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland andAustralia, and now lives and works in the United States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31,2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and theNational Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 todirect the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019, he succeededDan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career in IrelandKennedy was born in Dublin and attended ClonkeenCollege. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history.He workedin the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), GovernmentPublications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery ofIreland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art MuseumDirectors from 2001 to 2003. In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery of Australia (NGA)Kennedy expandedthe traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitionsat the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annualvisitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions.During his directorship, the NGA gainedgovernment support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship. However, the initial design for the building provedcontroversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy'stenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later.  Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's ABigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring theHolmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian PrintWorkshop Archive. He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which wascompleted in 2010 (see reference to the building project above).Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market"implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor. However, there were other exhibitions at the NGAduring his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchiand attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn. Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dungand was accused of being blasphemous. The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" andan "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion." In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had "obscureddiscussion of the artistic merit of the works of art". He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far."Kennedy was also repeatedlyquestioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational healthand safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system. The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003. Kennedy announcedin 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors.He became a jointIrish-Australian citizen in 2003.Toledo Museum of ArtThe Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings andsculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke. The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the fieldof art education.  During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read, understandand write visual language."   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of a website,www.vislit.org. In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so. Kennedy hasbeen a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy.Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding themuseum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples. Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy and Mary Sibandehave been acquired.  In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano.During his tenure the ToledoMuseum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold tothe museum.  In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture ofGanesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015.Hood Museum of ArtKennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July 2005.During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bring greater publicattention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions. At 70,000 objects, the Hoodhas one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus. The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the AfricanBody, toured several US venues. Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually.Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of Stone Steles:Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons.PublicationsKennedy has written oredited a number of books on art, including:Alfred Chester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics, Glendale Press (1988), ISBN978-0-907606-49-9Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990), ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7Jack B Yeats:Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with DavisCoakley), National Gallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers(1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers (November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe,Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art (October 2010), ISBN978-0-944722-39-8Honors and achievementsKennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art. He is atrustee and treasurer of the Association of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the InternationalAssociation of Art Critics. In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at the University of Toledo and received an honorary doctorate from LourdesUniversity. Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for art education.==Notes ==Passage 2:Scott KalvertScott Kalvert (August 15, 1964 – March 5, 2014) was an American film director, known mainly for his 1995 film The BasketballDiaries, starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Mark Wahlberg, and 2002's Deuces Wild, starring Stephen Dorff and Brad Renfro.He was also a successful music videodirector, collaborating with artists such as Cyndi Lauper, Jetboy, Snoop Doggy Dogg, DJ Jazzy Jeff and The Fresh Prince, Bobby Brown, Taylor Dayne, Deep BlueSomething, Billy Ocean, Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch, LL Cool J, Samantha Fox, Eric B. & Rakim and Salt 'n' Pepa.Kalvert was found dead in his home inWoodland Hills, Los Angeles on March 5, 2014, from an apparent suicide. He left behind his wife and two daughters.Selected filmographyThe Basketball Diaries(1995)Deuces Wild (2002)Passage 3:Elliot SilversteinElliot Silverstein (born August 3, 1927) is a retired American film and television director. He directed theAcademy Award-winning western comedy Cat Ballou (1965), and other films including The Happening (1967), A Man Called Horse (1970), Nightmare Honeymoon(1974), and The Car (1977). His television work includes four episodes of The Twilight Zone (1961–1964).CareerElliot Silverstein was the director of six featurefilms in the mid-twentieth century. The most famous of these by far is Cat Ballou, a comedy-western starring Jane Fonda and Lee Marvin.The other Silversteinfilms, in chronological order, are The Happening, A Man Called Horse,  Nightmare Honeymoon, The Car, and Flashfire.Other work included directing for thetelevision shows The Twilight Zone, The Nurses, Picket Fences, and Tales from the Crypt.While Silverstein was not a prolific director, his films were oftendecorated. Cat Ballou, for instance, earned one Oscar and was nominated for four more. His high quality work was rewarded in 1990 with a Lifetime AchievementAward by the Directors Guild of America.AwardsIn 1965, at the 15th Berlin International Film Festival, he won the Youth Film Award – Honorable Mention, in thecategory of Best Feature Film Suitable for Young People for Cat Ballou.He was also nominated for the Golden Berlin Bear.In 1966, he was nominated for the DGAAward in the category for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures (Cat Ballou).In 1971, he won the Bronze Wrangler award at the Western


Passage 1:Amaury I de MontfortAmaury I de Montfort (died c. 1053) was Lord of Montfort, son of Guillaume de Montfort of Hainaut, the first Lord of Montfort. Thecastle of Montfort l'Amaury, of which he started the construction, was completed by his son Simon I de Montfort, who succeeded him as Lord of Montfort. Hemarried Bertrade.He and his wife had three children:Simon I de Montfort (died 25 September 1087)Mainier de Montfort, Seigneur d'Épernon (died before1091)Eva (died 23 Jan 1099), married William Crispin (died 8 January 1074), son of Gilbert I CrispinPassage 2:Beatrice, Countess of MontfortBeatrice deMontfort, Countess of Montfort-l'Amaury (December 1249 – 9 March 1312) was a ruling sovereign countess of Montfort from 1249 until 1312. She was alsocountess of Dreux by marriage to Robert IV, Count of Dreux. She was the ancestor of the Dukes of Brittany from the House of Montfort-Dreux which derived itsname from her title.LifeBeatrice was born sometime between December 1248 and 1249, the only child of John I of Montfort, Count of Dreux and Jeanne, Dame deChateaudun.ReignIn 1249, Beatrice's father died in Cyprus, while participating in the Seventh Crusade. Thus, Beatrice succeeded her father as ruling countess ofMontfort at the age of about one year old.In 1251, Jeanne married her second husband, John II of Brienne, Grand Butler of France. Jeanne and John had adaughter, Blanche de Brienne, Baroness Tingry (1252–1302); Blanche married William II de Fiennes, Baron of Tingry. Jeanne died sometime after 1252, leavingBeatrice and her half-sister Blanche as her co-heiresses.Beatrice was married to Robert IV, Count of Dreux, Braine and Montfort-l'Amaury in 1260, when she wasabout eleven years old. He was the son of John I, Count of Dreux and Braine, and Marie de Bourbon. As was the custom for female rulers at this point in time, hebecame the co-ruler with Beatrice and Count of Montfort by right of his wife after their wedding.DeathBeatrice died on 9 March 1312 at the age of aroundsixty-three. She was buried in the Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère.IssueBeatrice and Robert had:Marie of Dreux (1261/62–1276), in 1275 married Mathieu deMontmorencyYolande de Dreux (1263–1323), Countess of Montfort, married, firstly, on 15 October 1285, King Alexander III of Scotland, and, secondly, in 1292,Arthur II, Duke of BrittanyJohn II of Dreux (1265–1309)Joan of Dreux, Countess of Braine, married, firstly, Jean IV de Roucy, and, secondly, John of BarBeatriceof Dreux, abbess of Port-Royal-des-Champs (1270–1328)Robert of Dreux, seigneur of Chateau-du-Loire.AncestryPassage 3:Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl ofLeicesterSimon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester (c. 1175 – 25 June 1218), known as Simon IV (or V) de Montfort and as Simon de Montfort the Elder, was aFrench nobleman and knight of the early 13th century. He is widely regarded as one of the great military commanders of the Middle Ages. He took part in theFourth Crusade and was one of the prominent figures of the Albigensian Crusade. Montfort is mostly noted for his campaigns in the latter, notably for his triumphat Muret. He died at the Siege of Toulouse in 1218. He was lord of Montfort-l'Amaury from 1188 to his death and Earl of Leicester in England from 1204. He wasalso Viscount of Albi, Béziers and Carcassonne from 1213, as well as Count of Toulouse from 1215.Early lifeHe was the son of Simon de Montfort (d. 1188), lord ofMontfort l'Amaury in France near Paris, and Amicia de Beaumont, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester. He succeeded his father as lord ofMontfort in 1181; in 1190 he married Alix de Montmorency, the daughter of Bouchard III de Montmorency. She shared his religious zeal and would accompanyhim on his campaigns.In 1199, while taking part in a tournament at Ecry-sur-Aisne, he took the cross in the company of Count Thibaud de Champagne and wenton the Fourth Crusade. The crusade soon fell under Venetian control, and was diverted to Zara on the Adriatic Sea. Pope Innocent III had specifically warned theCrusaders not to attack fellow Christians; Simon opposed the attack and urged a waiting Zara delegation not to surrender, claiming the Frankish troops would notsupport the Venetians in this. As a result, the delegation returned to Zara and the city resisted. Since most Frankish lords were in debt to the Venetians, they didsupport the attack and the city was sacked in 1202. Simon did not participate in this action and was one of its most outspoken critics. He and his associates,including Abbot Guy of Vaux-de-Cernay, left the crusade when the decision was taken to divert once more to Constantinople to place Alexius IV Angelus on thethrone. Instead, Simon and his followers travelled to the court of King Emeric of Hungary and thence to Acre.His mother was the eldest daughter of Robert ofBeaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester. After the death of her brother Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester without children in 1204, she inherited half of hisestates and a claim to the Earldom of Leicester. The division of the estates was effected early in 1207, by which the rights to the earldom were assigned to Amiciaand Simon. However, King John of England took possession of the lands himself in February 1207, and confiscated its revenues. Later, in 1215, the lands werepassed into the hands of Simon's cousin, Ranulph de Meschines, 4th Earl of Chester.Later lifeSimon remained on his estates in France before taking the crossonce more, this time against Christian dissidence.  He participated in the initial campaign of the Albigensian Crusade in 1209, and after the fall of Carcassonne,was elected leader of the crusade and viscount of the confiscated territories of the Raymond-Roger Trencavel family.Simon was rewarded with the territoryconquered from Raymond VI of Toulouse, which in theory made him the most important landowner in Occitania. He became feared for his ruthlessness. In 1210he burned 140 Cathars in the village of Minerve who refused to recant – though he spared those who did. In another widely reported incident, prior to the sack ofthe village of Lastours, he brought prisoners from the nearby village of Bram and had their eyes gouged out and their ears, noses and lips cut off. One prisoner,left with a single good eye, led them into the village as a warning.Simon's part in the crusade had the full backing of his feudal superior, the King of France, PhilipAugustus. However, historian Alistair Horne, in his book Seven Ages of Paris, states that Philip "turned a blind eye to Simon de Montfort's crusade... of which hedisapproved, but readily accepted the spoils to his exchequer". Following the latter's success in winning Normandy from John Lackland of England, he wasapproached by Innocent III to lead the crusade but turned this down. He was heavily committed to defending his gains against John and against the emergingalliance among England, the Empire and Flanders.However, Philip claimed full rights over the lands of the house of St Gilles; some historians believe his dispatchof de Montfort and other northern barons to be, at the very least, an exploratory campaign to reassert the rights of the French Crown in Le Midi. Philip may wellalso have wanted to appease the papacy after the long dispute over his marriage, which had led to excommunication. He also sought to counter any adventure byKing John of England, who had marriage and fealty ties also with the Toulouse comtal house. Meanwhile, others have assessed Philip's motives to includeremoving over-mighty subjects from the North, and distracting them in adventure elsewhere, so they could not threaten his increasingly successful restoration ofthe power of the French crown in the north.Simon is described as a man of unflinching religious orthodoxy, deeply committed to the Dominican order and thesuppression of heresy. Dominic Guzman, later Saint Dominic, spent several years during the war in the Midi at Fanjeau, which was Simon's headquarters,especially in the winter months when the crusading forces were depleted. Simon had other key confederates in this enterprise, which many historians view as aconquest of southern lands by greedy men from the north. Many of them had been involved in the Fourth Crusade. One was Guy Vaux de Cernay, head of aCistercian abbey not more than twenty miles from Simon's patrimony of Montfort Aumary, who accompanied the crusade in the Languedoc and became bishop ofCarcassonne. Meanwhile, Peter de Vaux de Cernay, the nephew of Guy, wrote an account of the crusade. Historians generally consider this to be propaganda tojustify the actions of the crusaders; Peter justified their cruelties as doing "the work of God" against morally depraved heretics. He portrayed outrages committedby the lords of the Midi as the opposite.Simon was an energetic campaigner, rapidly moving his forces to strike at those who had broken their faith with him – andthere were many, as some local lords switched sides whenever the moment seemed propitious. The Midi was a warren of small fortified places, as well as home tosome highly fortified cities, such as Toulouse, Carcassonne and Narbonne. Simon showed ruthlessness and daring as well as being particularly brutal with thosewho betrayed their pledges – as for example, Martin Algai, lord of Biron. In 1213 Simon defeated Peter II of Aragon at the Battle of Muret. This completed thedefeat of the Albigensians, but Simon carried on the campaign as a war of conquest. He was appointed lord over all the newly acquired territory as Count ofToulouse and Duke of Narbonne (1215). He spent two years in warfare in many parts of Raymond's former territories; he besieged Beaucaire, which had beentaken by Raymond VII of Toulouse, from 6 June 1216 to 24 August 1216.Raymond spent most of this period in the Crown of Aragon, but corresponded withsympathisers in Toulouse. There were rumours in September 1216 that he was on his way to Toulouse. Abandoning the siege of Beaucaire, Simon partially sackedToulouse, perhaps intended as punishment of the citizens. Raymond returned in October 1217 to take possession of Toulouse. Simon hastened to besiege thecity, meanwhile sending his wife, Alix de Montmorency, with bishop Foulques of Toulouse and others, to the French court to plead for support. After maintainingthe siege for nine months, Simon was killed on 25 June 1218 while combating a sally by the besieged. His head was smashed by a stone from a mangonel,operated, according to one source, by the donas e tozas e mulhers ("ladies and girls and women") of Toulouse. He was buried in the Cathedral of Saint-Nazaire atCarcassonne. His body was later moved by one of his sons to be reinterred at Montfort l'Amaury. A tombstone in the south transept of the cathedral is inscribed"of Simon de Montfort".ChildrenSimon and Alix had:Amaury de Montfort married Beatrix of Viennois, died in 1241 returning from the Barons' CrusadeSimon deMontfort, 6th Earl of Leicester married Eleanor of England, killed at the Battle of Evesham on 4 August 1265Guy de Montfort, Count of Bigorre married Petronille,Countess of Bigorre, on 6 November 1216 and died at the siege of Castelnaudary on 20 July 1220Amicie de Montfort, married Gaucher de Joigny, founded theconvent at Montargis and died there in 1252Petronilla, became abbess of the Cistercian nunnery of St. Antoine'sInheritanceHis French estates passed to his eldest


Passage 1:TjuyuThuya (sometimes transliterated as Touiyou, Thuiu, Tuya, Tjuyu or Thuyu) was an Egyptian noblewoman and the mother of queen Tiye, and thewife of Yuya. She is the grandmother of Akhenaten, and great grandmother of Tutankhamun.BiographyThuya is believed to be a descendant of QueenAhmose-Nefertari, and she held many official roles in the interwoven religion and government of ancient Egypt. She was involved in many religious cults; hertitles included 'Singer of Hathor' and 'Chief of the Entertainers' of both Amun and Min. She also held the influential offices of Superintendent of the Harem of thegod Min of Akhmin and of Amun of Thebes.  She married Yuya, a powerful ancient Egyptian courtier of the Eighteenth Dynasty.  She is believed to have died inaround 1375 BC in her early to mid 50s.ChildrenYuya and Thuya had a daughter named Tiye, who became the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Amenhotep III. Thegreat royal wife was the highest Egyptian religious position, serving alongside of the pharaoh in official ceremonies and rituals.Yuya and Thuya also had a sonnamed Anen, who carried the titles Chancellor of Lower Egypt, Second Prophet of Amun, sm-priest of Heliopolis and Divine Father.They also may have been theparents of Ay, an Egyptian courtier active during the reign of pharaoh Akhenaten who became pharaoh after the death of Tutankhamun. However, there is noconclusive evidence regarding the kinship of Yuya and Ay, although certainly, both men came from Akhmim.TombThuya was interred in tomb KV46 in the Valleyof the Kings, together with her husband Yuya, where their largely intact burial was found in 1905. It was the best-preserved tomb discovered in the Valley beforethat of Tutankhamun, Thuya's great-grandson. The tomb was discovered by a team of workmen led by archaeologist James Quibell on behalf of the Americanmillionaire Theodore M. Davis. Though the tomb had been robbed in antiquity, much of its contents were still present, including beds, boxes, chests, a chariot,and the sarcophagi, coffins, and mummies of the two occupants.Thuya's large gilded and black-painted wooden sarcophagus was placed against the south wall ofthe tomb. It is rectangular, with a lid shaped like the sloping roof of the per-wer shrine of Upper Egypt, and sits on ornamental sledge runners, theirnon-functionality underscored by the three battens attached below them. Ancient robbers had partially dismantled it to access her coffins and mummy, placing itslid and one long side on a bed on the other side of the tomb; the other long side had been leaned against the south wall. Her outer gilded anthropoid coffin hadbeen removed, its lid placed atop the beds, and the trough put into the far corner of the tomb; the lid of her second (innermost) coffin, also gilded, had beenremoved and placed to one side although the trough and her mummy remained inside the sarcophagus. Quibell suggests this is due to the robbers having somedifficulty in removing the lid of this coffin.MummyThuya's mummified body was found covered with a large sheet of linen, knotted at the back and secured by fourbandages. These bands were covered with resin and opposite each band were her gilded titles cut from gold foil. The resin coating on the lower layers ofbandages preserved the impression of a large broad collar. The mummy bands that had once covered her wrapped mummy were recovered above the storagejars on the far side of the room.The first examination of her body was conducted by Australian anatomist Grafton Elliot Smith. He found her to be an elderlywoman of small stature, 1.495 metres (4.90 ft) in height, with white hair. Both of her earlobes had two piercings. Her arms are straight at her sides with herhands against the outside of her thighs. Her embalming incision is stitched with thread, to which a carnelian barrel bead is attached at the lower end; her bodycavity is stuffed with resin-soaked linen. When Dr. Douglas Derry, (who later conducted the first examination of Tutankhamun's mummy) assisting Smith in hisexamination, exposed Thuya's feet to get an accurate measurement of her height, he found her to be wearing gold foil sandals. Smith estimated her age at morethan 50 years based on her outward appearance alone. Recent CT scanning has estimated her age at death to be 50–60 years old. Her brain was removed,though no embalming material was inserted, and both nostrils were stuffed with linen. Embalming packs had been placed into her eye sockets, and subcutaneousfilling had been placed into her mid and lower face to restore a lifelike appearance; embalming material had also been placed into her mouth and throat. Her teethwere in poor condition at the time of her death, with missing molars. Heavy wear and abscesses had been noted in earlier x-rays. The scan revealed that she hadsevere scoliosis with a Cobb angle of 25 degrees. No cause of death could be determined. Her mummy has the inventory number CG 51191.Archaeological itemspertaining to ThuyaPassage 2:Joan Holland, Duchess of BrittanyLady Joan Holland (1350 – October 1384) was Duchess of Brittany as the second wife of John IV,Duke of Brittany. She was the daughter of Joan of Kent and Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent. Her mother's second husband was Edward the Black Prince, and thechild of that marriage was King Richard II of England.Joan Holland's marriage to John IV took place in London in May 1366, but without the approval of KingEdward III of England, Joan's step-grandfather, who claimed overlordship of Brittany. The couple had no children.Joan's death, in her thirties, was politicallyinexpedient. In 1386, two years afterwards, John IV married Joan of Navarre, later the queen of King Henry IV of England.Passage 3:Louisa Montagu DouglasScott, Duchess of BuccleuchLouisa Jane Montagu Douglas Scott, Duchess of Buccleuch and Queensberry  (26 August 1836 – 16 March 1912) was the daughter ofJames Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn.  In 1884, she became the Duchess of Buccleuch and Duchess of Queensberry, the wife of William Henry Walter MontaguDouglas Scott, 6th Duke of Buccleuch and 8th Duke of Queensberry. She was the paternal grandmother of Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, and of MarianLouisa, Lady Elmhirst, as well as a maternal great-grandmother of Prince William of Gloucester and Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, and agreat-great-grandmother of Sarah, Duchess of York. Diana, Princess of Wales, is one of her great-great-great-nieces.Early life, marriage, and familyLouisa JaneHamilton was born on Friday 26 August 1836 in Brighton, Sussex, England, the third child of fourteen born to James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn, and theformer Lady Louisa Russell, daughter of John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford.She married William Montagu Douglas Scott, Earl of Dalkeith, on 22 November 1859 inLondon. Lord Dalkeith was the eldest son of the Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch, and his wife, the former Lady Charlotte Thynne. They hadsix sons and two daughters:Walter Henry Montagu Douglas Scott, Earl of Dalkeith (17 January 1861 – 18 September 1886)John Charles Montagu Douglas Scott,7th Duke of Buccleuch (30 March 1864 – 19 October 1935)Lord George William Montagu Douglas Scott (31 August 1866 – 23 February 1947); married on 30April 1903 Lady Elizabeth Emily Manners (daughter of John Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland and Janetta Hughan) and had issueLord Henry Francis Montagu DouglasScott (15 January 1868 – 19 April 1945)Lord Herbert Andrew Montagu Douglas Scott (30 November 1872 – 17 June 1944); married 26 April 1905 MarieJosephine Edwards and had issue, maternal grandfather of Sarah, Duchess of YorkLady Katharine Mary Montagu Douglas Scott (25 March 1875 – 7 March 1951);married Thomas Brand, 3rd Viscount Hampden, and had issueLady Constance Anne Montagu Douglas Scott (10 March 1877 – 7 May 1970); married on 21January 1908 The Hon. Douglas Halyburton Cairns (son of Hugh Cairns, 1st Earl Cairns and Mary Harriet McNeill) and had issueLord Francis George MontaguDouglas Scott (1 November 1879 – 26 July 1952); married on 11 February 1915 Lady Eileen Nina Evelyn Sibell Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound (daughter of GilbertElliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto, and Lady Mary Caroline Grey) and had issueCareerShe served as Mistress of the Robes to Queen Victoria from 1885– 1892 (Conservative), and again from 1895 – 1901. She was appointed Mistress of the Robes to Queen Alexandra in 1901, a position in which she served untilher death in 1912.DeathThe duchess died on Saturday 16 March 1912, in her 76th year, at Dalkeith Palace, Midlothian, Scotland.  She was survived by herhusband, and six of her children and their families.She was buried on Wednesday 20 March 1912 in the Buccleuch family crypt in St. Mary's Church, DalkeithPalace, Midlothian, Scotland.Titles, styles, and honours16 April 1884 – 1912: The Duchess of Buccleuch and QueensberryHonours1885: Invested as Lady, RoyalOrder of Victoria and Albert (VA), 3rd Class1885 – 1892 and 1895 – 1901:  Mistress of the Robes to Queen Victoria1901 – 1912: Mistress of the Robes to QueenAlexandraAncestryPassage 4:Hubba bint HulailHubba bint Hulail (Arabic:   ) was the grandmother of Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf, thus thegreat-great-great-grandmother of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.BiographyHubbah was the daughter of Hulail ibn Hubshiyyah ibn Salul ibn Ka’b ibn Amral-Khuza’i of Banu Khuza'a who was the trustee and guardian of the Ka‘bah (Arabic: , 'Cube'). She married Qusai ibn Kilab and after her fatherdied, the keys of the Kaaba were committed to her. Qusai, according to Hulail's will, had the trusteeship of the Kaaba after him.Hubbah never gave up ambitioushopes for the line of her favourite son Abd Manaf. Her two favourite grandsons were the twin sons Amr and Abd Shams, of ‘Ātikah bint Murrah. Hubbah hopedthat the opportunities missed by Abd Manaf would be made up for in these grandsons, especially Amr, who seemed much more suitable for the role than any ofthe sons of Abd al-Dar. He was dear to the ‘ayn (Arabic: , eye) of his grandmother Hubbah.FamilyQusai ibn Kilab had four sons by Hubbah: Abd-al-Daribn Qusai dedicated to his house, Abdu’l Qusayy dedicated to himself, Abd-al-Uzza ibn Qusai to his goddess (Al-‘Uzzá) and Abd Manaf ibn Qusai to the idol reveredby Hubbah. They also had two daughters, Takhmur and Barrah. Abd Manaf's real name was 'Mughirah', and he also had the nickname 'al-Qamar' (the Moon)because he was handsome.Hubbah was related to Muhammad in more than one way. Firstly, she was the great-great-grandmother of his father Abdullah. Shewas also the great-grandmother of Umm Habib and Abdul-Uzza, respectively the maternal grandmother and grandfather of Muhammad's mother Aminah.Familytree* indicates that the marriage order is disputedNote that direct lineage is marked in bold.See alsoFamily tree of MuhammadList of notable HijazisPassage5:Margaret of France, Duchess of BerryMargaret of Valois, Duchess of Berry (French: Marguerite de Valois) (5 June 1523 – 15 September 1574) was Duchess ofSavoy by marriage to Duke Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy. She was the daughter of King Francis I of France and Claude, Duchess of Brittany.BiographyEarly


Passage 1:War of the Buttons (1994 film)War of the Buttons is a 1994 comedy-drama adventure film directed by John Roberts. It was written by Colin Wellandand based on the French novel La Guerre des boutons, by Louis Pergaud. The story, about two rival boys' gangs in Ireland, the Ballys (working class) and theCarricks (middle class), is set in County Cork, where it was filmed on location.The film has been classified as a drama and comedy, and the tone is frequently lightand humorous. It examines issues of conflict and war, the actions and consequences of violence, and how it can divide and oppose people who can be friends aseasily as they can be enemies.PlotIn the Republic of Ireland in the 1960s, more precisely the centre of the bridge over the river that separates the Irish villages ofCarrickdowse and Ballydowse, there is a white line that few young people dare cross. The boys of each village spend most of their time trying to upstage theother, whether over the sale of hospital raffle tickets, or something more important, such as deciding who is a "tosspot" and who is not, or, for that matter,defining "tosspot". This "War of the Buttons", in which the buttons from the enemies clothes are captured, has gone on as long as the youths can remember, and"to the death", though rarely does either group hurt more than its pride.The leader of the Ballys is Fergus (Gregg Fitzgerald), the son of a pauper family and anunpromising student who lives in a trailer on the edge of Ballydowse with his mother and abusive stepfather. What Fergus lacks in education, he makes up for inleadership, and the youth of Ballydowse will follow him anywhere. The members of the Ballys include Marie (Eveanna Ryan), the narrator, who revisits hermemories of what happened from her adult viewpoint. The leader of the Carricks is Jerome (John Coffey), the son of a wealthy family. He is nicknamed Geronimoafter the Apache tribal chief.The story explores how events escalate, gang class differences (the original and main incentive for their war), Fergus's troubles withhis oppressive environment, conflicts that arise when the adults of the villages discover the feud, and conflicts within the Ballys. Their tactics to "win" the war,including a nude ambush of their enemies, are shown in great detail. After a series of battles, Fergus denounces Riley (Thomas Kavanagh) as a traitor to thecause before the final showdown which has the Ballys attacking an abandoned castle ruin defended by the Carricks. The Carricks lose, and, taken prisoner,Geronimo himself cuts off his buttons and gives them to Fergus. While the Ballys celebrate in their headquarters, Geronimo, driving Riley's father's tractor like atank, levels the Bally clubhouse. This puts a bitter end to the War of the Buttons.Finally fed up, the towns' adults, including Geronimo's father (Colm Meaney) andFergus' abusive stepfather (Jim Bartley), reclaim their children. Fergus runs off to the mountains, where Geronimo follows him in an unspoken gesture ofsolidarity. After being captured, the two boys are put in the church orphanage, where they put aside their differences and become best friends. Marie narrates thecoda, expressing that she married one of the boys, and that the other became the couple's closest friend, but she does not reveal whom she chose towed.CastLiam Cunningham as The MasterGregg Fitzgerald as FergusColm Meaney as Geronimo's DadGer Ryan as Fergus' MomBackgroundThe film's story isbased on the novel La Guerre des boutons, written by Louis Pergaud and published in 1912. Pergaud's popular book has been reprinted more than 30 times. Ithas been adapted as film for the first time in the French productions La Guerre des gosses (1936) (fr) and La Guerre des boutons (War of the Buttons, 1962), thelatter a black and white film directed by Yves Robert.The Irish screenplay was written by Colin Welland and the movie was directed by John Roberts. The producerDavid Puttnam and Welland had worked earlier on the Academy Award-winning Chariots of Fire. This was their second film together. The movie starred a youngAlan Maguire, the actor from Corofin, Co. Clare.During the same week in September 2011, two new French film adaptations of the novel were released: War ofthe Buttons, directed by Yann Samuell, set in the 1950s with the Algerian War as backdrop, and War of the Buttons, directed by Christophe Barratier and setduring World War II in Occupied France.Passage 2:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museumdirector who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for17 months, resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He was the director of the Hood Museumof Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United Statesafter leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum ofArt. On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career in IrelandKennedy was bornin Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied bothart history and history.He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester BeattyLibrary (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was AssistantDirector at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of theCouncil of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003. In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery ofAustralia (NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad,increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years ofthe museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions.During hisdirectorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship. However, the initialdesign for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was notdelivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later.  Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art,including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museumby acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; andthe Australian Print Workshop Archive. He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King EdwardTerrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above).Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGAfrom 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too closeto the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor. However, there were other exhibitionsat the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging toCharles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn. Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which usedelephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous. The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was"Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion." In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events inNew York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art". He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far."Kennedywas also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA'soccupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system. The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003.Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors.He becamea joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003.Toledo Museum of ArtThe Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintingsand sculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke. The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in thefield of art education.  During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read,understand and write visual language."   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of awebsite, www.vislit.org. In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so.Kennedy has been a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy.Kennedy has expressed an interest inexpanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples. Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy andMary Sibande have been acquired.  In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano.During histenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exportedprior being sold to the museum.  In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), anIndian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015.Hood Museum of ArtKennedy became Director of the Hood Museum ofArt in July 2005. During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bringgreater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions. At 70,000objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus. The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and


Passage 1:Jesse E. HobsonJesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director of SRI International from 1947 to 1955. Prior to SRI, he wasthe director of the Armour Research Foundation.Early life and educationHobson was born in Marshall, Indiana. He received bachelor's and master's degrees inelectrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electrical engineering from the California Institute of Technology. Hobson was also selected as anationally outstanding engineer.Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had five children.CareerAwards and membershipsHobson wasnamed an IEEE Fellow in 1948.Passage 2:Edmond T. GrévilleEdmond T. Gréville (born Edmond Gréville Thonger; 20 June 1906  – 26 May 1966) was a French filmdirector and screenwriter. He was married to the actress Vanda Gréville.CareerGréville began his career as a film journalist and critic. In parallel with a few actingperformances in some silent films and in the first talkie of René Clair, Sous les toits de Paris (1930), he directed his first short films. His first experience ofdirecting had been on the shooting of Abel Gance's Napoléon in 1927. He had then worked as an assistant director, notably on the English film Piccadilly,L'Arlésienne (directed by Jacques de Baroncelli), Augusto Genina's  Miss Europe (with Louise Brooks) and  Abel Gance's La Fin du Monde. Between 1930 and 1940he directed several French films:Le Train des suicidés (1931)Remous (1934) with Françoise Rosay, a social-realist film on the sensitive sexual issue of impotence,and released in the US in November 1939 under title Whirlpool of Desire after a legal battle over U.S. censorshipTwo comedy musical films Princesse Tam Tam(1935) with Josephine Baker, and Gypsy Melody (1936), with Lupe Vélez.In Britain again, he filmed Under Secret Orders (1937) with Dita Parlo and John Loder(1937), the English-language version of G. W. Pabst's Mademoiselle Docteur. Gréville also directed Menaces (1938) with Mireille Balin and Erich von Stroheim,with von Stroheim playing an Austrian refugee who commits suicide following the Anschluss. With a heavy atmosphere charged with eroticism which characterizeshis films, Gréville imposed his independence and original style on the cinema of the time.He stopped directing films during the Second World War and theOccupation - xenophobia and anti-Semitism ruined or put a stop to some careers, among film-makers those of Léonide Moguy and Pierre Chenal for example,both French Jews, and the half-British Gréville, and took away production and distribution companies belonging to Jews like the father and son distributorsSiriztky.In 1948 he made a film on the subject of resistance and collaboration in the Anglo-Dutch film Niet tevergeefs/But Not in Vain. The same year he made afilm with Carole Landis, Noose, released in the U.S. as The Silk Noose. In House on the Waterfront (1954) he directed Jean Gabin as a captain confronted by anunscrupulous smuggler and torn by his love for a young woman who is also loved by a younger man.In Gréville's last years he made Beat Girl (1959) with AdamFaith and a horror film The Hands of Orlac (1960) with Mel Ferrer. His last film was L'Accident (1963) with Magali Noël based on a Frédéric David novel.PersonallifeGréville was born in June 1906 in Nice, France, the adopted son of Franco-British parents. In May 1966, he died in hospital in Nice, thought to be the result ofcomplications following a car accident. It was subsequently discovered through the 23andMe genetic testing of his daughter and grandson in 2017, that he wasAshkenazim Jewish, likely from the area of Odessa, based on the present whereabouts of  his closest genetic relations today. Family speculation suggests that hisparents fled the 1905 Russian pogrom to Marseilles, where he may have been discovered in the Nice hospital his English father, a Salvation Army colonel andProtestant pastor, was associated with. His true origin and that of his biological parents, remains a mystery.Selected filmographyThe Train of Suicides (1931)TheTriangle of Fire (1932)Merchant of Love (1935)Gypsy Melody (1936)Brief Ecstasy (1937)Secret Lives (1937)What a Man! (1938)A Woman in the Night(1943)Dorothy Looks for Love (1945)But Not in Vain (1948)The Other Side of Paradise (1953)House on the Waterfront (1955)The Accident (1963)Passage3:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodictelevision and television films. Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky &Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980),A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films. He directed "Heart in Hiding", written byhis wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor inseveral Broadway productions. He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into theArmy. He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University. Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the PacificResident Theatre Company. He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also anassociate artist of The Interact Theatre Company.Passage 4:Dana BlanksteinDana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of the SamSpiegel Film and Television School. She was appointed by the board of directors  in November 2019.  Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Filmand Television. She is a film director, and an Israeli culture entrepreneur.BiographyDana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatre director DediBaron and Professor Alexander Blankstein. She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv.Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and TelevisionSchool, Jerusalem in 2008 with high honors. During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina's Tragedies and toRenen Schorr on his film The Loners.  She also directed and shot 'the making of' film on Gavison's film Lost and Found. Her debut film Camping competed at theBerlin International Film Festival, 2007.Film and academic careerAfter her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and television department at the Kfar Sabamunicipality. The department encouraged and promoted productions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educationalcommunity activities.Blankstein directed the mini-series "Tel Aviviot" (2012). From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television.InNovember 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed the new director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees the Sam SpiegelInternational Film Lab. In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and the film preparatory program for Arabic speakers in eastJerusalem.FilmographyTel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)Camping (debutfilm, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)Passage 5:Michael GovanMichael Govan (born 1963) is the director of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.Prior to his current position, Govan worked as the director of the Dia Art Foundation in New York City.Early life and educationGovan was born in 1963 in NorthAdams, Massachusetts, and was raised in the Washington D.C. area, attending Sidwell Friends School.He majored in art history and fine arts at Williams College,where he met Thomas Krens, who was then director of the Williams College Museum of Art. Govan became closely involved with the museum, serving as actingcurator as an undergraduate. After receiving his B.A. from Williams in 1985, Govan began an MFA in fine arts from the University of California, SanDiego.CareerAs a twenty-five year old graduate student, Govan was recruited by his former mentor at Williams, Thomas Krens, who in 1988 had been appointeddirector of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation. Govan served as deputy director of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum under Krens from 1988 to 1994, aperiod that culminated in the construction and opening of the Frank Gehry designed Guggenheim branch in Bilbao, Spain. Govan supervised the reinstallation ofthe museum's permanent collection galleries after its extensive renovation.Dia Art FoundationFrom 1994 to 2006, Govan was president and director of Dia ArtFoundation in New York City. There, he spearheaded the conversion of a Nabisco box factory into the 300,000 square foot Dia:Beacon in New York's HudsonValley, which houses Dia's collection of art from the 1960s to the present. Built in a former Nabisco box factory, the critically acclaimed museum has beencredited with catalyzing a cultural and economic revival within the formerly factory-based city of Beacon. Dia's collection nearly doubled in size during Govan'stenure, but he also came under criticism for "needlessly and permanently" closing Dia's West 22nd Street building. During his time at Dia, Govan also workedclosely with artists James Turrell and Michael Heizer, becoming an ardent supporter of Roden Crater and City, the artists' respective site-specific land art projectsunder construction in the American southwest. Govan successfully lobbied Washington to have the 704,000 acres in central Nevada surrounding City declared anational monument in 2015.LACMAIn February 2006, a search committee composed of eleven LACMA trustees, led by the late Nancy M. Daly, recruited Govan torun the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Govan has stated that he was drawn to the role not only because of LACMA's geographical distance from its Europeanand east coast peers, but also because of the museum's relative youth, having been established in 1961. "I felt that because of this newness I had theopportunity to reconsider the museum," Govan has written, "[and] Los Angeles is a good place to do that."Govan has been widely regarded for transformingLACMA into both a local and international landmark. Since Govan's arrival, LACMA has acquired by donation or purchase over 27,000 works for the permanentcollection, and the museum's gallery space has almost doubled thanks to the addition of two new buildings designed by Renzo Piano, the Broad Contemporary ArtMuseum (BCAM) and the Lynda and Stewart Resnick Pavilion. LACMA's annual attendance has grown from 600,000 to nearly 1.6 million in 2016.ArtistcollaborationsSince his arrival, Govan has commissioned exhibition scenography and gallery designs in collaboration with artists. In 2006, for example, Govaninvited LA artist John Baldessari to design an upcoming exhibition about the Belgian surrealist René Magritte, resulting in a theatrical show that reflected thetwisted perspective of the latter's topsy-turvy world. Baldessari has also designed LACMA's logo. Since then, Govan has also commissioned Cuban-American artist


Passage 1:Young and Dangerous: The PrequelYoung and Dangerous: The Prequel (Chinese: ) is a 1998 Hong Kong crime film directed by Andrew Lau. It is the second prequel in the Young and Dangerous film series.The film shows Chan Ho-nam (Nicholas Tse), Big Head (Daniel Wu), Chow Pan (Benjamin Yuen), Chicken Chiu (Sam Lee), and their friends being recruited by Uncle Bee (Ng Chi-Hung) and joining the "Hung Hing" triad.CastNicholas Tse as Chan Ho-namDaniel Wu as Big HeadFrancis Ng as Ugly KwanShu Qi as FeiSam Lee as ChickenSandra Ng as Sister 13 (cameo)Kristy Yang as Yung (cameo)Benjamin Yuen as Chow PanNotesBecause he was only 17, and born on 29 August 1980, Nicholas Tse is not allowed to watch the movie when the movie opens in Hong Kong cinemas on 5 June 1998 because this movie is classified as Category III, which is a restricted category in the Hong Kong motion picture rating system and the category is strictly for persons aged 18 and above only.The story retcons the flashback from the first film, taking place in 1988 rather than 1985.Awards and nominations18th Hong Kong Film AwardsWon: Best New Performer (Nicholas Tse)External linksYoung and Dangerous: The Prequel at IMDbPassage 2:Hanuman Patal VijayHanuman Patal Vijay (Hindi:   , "Hanuman's Victory Over Hell") is a 1951 Hindi mythological film directed by Homi Wadia for his Basant Pictures banner. Meena Kumari starred in this devotional film with S. N. Tripathi playing Hanuman. Following her career as a child actress, Meena Kumari did heroine roles in mythologies made by Basant Pictures and directed by Homi Wadia. She had an extremely successful career for some years playing goddesses before her big commercial break in Baiju Bawra (1951). S. N. Tripathi, besides acting in the film, also composed the music. His costars were Meena Kumari, Mahipal, Niranjan Sharma, Dalpat and Amarnath.The story was about Hanuman's devotion to Ram and his battle with the two demon brothers Ahiravan and Mahiravan.PlotThe story is about Hanuman and his confrontations with The King of Patal, Ahiravan, and his brother Mahiravan, who have been asked by Ravan to kill Ram and Lakshman. Mahiravana kidnaps Naga princess chandrasena who is devoted to Rama. The film follows Hanuman's encounter with Makari, the daughter of the sea, who wants to marry him, but instead through the swallowing of a bead of his sweat she gives birth to Makardhwaj who guards the gates of Patal (Hell) where Ram and Lakshman are taken when kidnapped. Hanuman gets the better of Makardhwaj and rescues Ram and Lakshman. A major battle ensues and Ahiravan and Mahiravan are killed, but somehow they keep regenerating. Hanuman manages to find out the secret of their regeneration and puts a stop to it with the help of Ahiravan's wife Chandrasena. In the end, Rama tells Chandrasena that he will marry her in Dvapara Yuga when he will incarnate as Krishna and marry her as satyabhama.CastMeena KumariMahipalS. N. TripathiShanta KunwarVimalDalpatH. PrakashKanta KumarNiranjan SharmaBimlaAmarnathMusicSonglist.RemakeIt was remade in 1974 as Hanuman Vijay directed by Babubhai Mistri.Passage 3:Young and Dangerous 3Young and Dangerous 3 (Chinese: ) is a 1996 Hong Kong triad film directed by Andrew Lau. It is the second sequel in the Young and Dangerous film series.   Starting from this movie, it is distributed by Golden Harvest Company.PlotWeeks after Chan Ho Nam (Ekin Cheng) is elected branch leader of Causeway Bay of the " Hung Hing" Society, "Chicken" Chiu (Jordan Chan), best friends Banana Skin (Jason Chu), Pou-pei (Jerry Lamb), Dai Tin-yee (Michael Tse) and K.K. (Halina Tam) after joining the Taiwanese "San Luen" triad, is reinstated into Hung Hing by Chairman Chiang Tin Sung (Simon Yam). At the same time, rival triad "Tung Sing", led by "Camel" Lok (Chan Wai Man) begins to make a name for itself, establishing bars and clubs alongside Hung Hing's areas of operations. Things become heated when Tung Sing member "Crow" (Roy Cheung) fuels a deep-seated rivalry between him and Ho Nam, with the threat of open war between the two societies. Meanwhile, Ho Nam's stuttering girlfriend Smartie (Gigi Lai), who was critically injured in a vehicular accident and slipped into a coma, reawakens but with no prior memories to her meeting with Ho Nam for the first time. Regardless, Ho Nam assures her he and his friends will protect her. To add in a stick of comedy, Father " Lethal Weapon" Lam (Spencer Lam) introduces his daughter Shuk Fan (Karen Mok) to Chicken, having been good friends and a source of advice for him.During a business trip to Amsterdam with his mistress and Ho Nam, Chairman Chiang is assassinated by thugs. While the rest of Hung Hing believes the hit was orchestrated by Ho Nam, it is the deranged Crow who ordered the chairman's death, using Chiang's mistress to falsify evidence, framing Ho Nam. While Ho Nam goes into hiding back in Hong Kong, Crow is reprimanded by Camel; to add to his insanity, Crow kills his own boss and makes it look like a Hung Hing assassination. Drunk with power, Crow wants nothing more than to destroy Hung Hing and orders his men to search frantically for Ho Nam, who is quick to realize the ambush and escapes with Smartie, until Crow's men manages to separate the two. In their attempt, Smartie is captured but suffers a blow to the head, restoring her memories. Crow tells Ho Nam if he wants his name cleared and his woman back, he must meet him alone.Yet, the crazed Crow does not keep his word and kills Smartie in cold blood in front of Ho Nam. Just as Crow is about to finish him, Chicken bursts in and reaches a stalemate with Crow to ensure Ho Nam's safety. The saddened Ho Nam carries Smartie's body out with him and gives her a proper funeral. Now fueled solely on vengeance, Ho Nam decides to march into Tung Sing territory and kill Crow at Camel's funeral haphazardly. Ho Nam's friends and the rest of Hung Hing manage to capture and threaten Tung Sing member "Tiger" (Ng Chi Hung), who tells all of Crow's madness in killing both their societies' leaders. Crow is left nowhere to run from his enemies, and in the midst of a Hung Hing/Tung Sing brawl, he is killed in the funeral pyre. With Crow dead, Tung Sing is left in disarray, and Hung Hing re-establishes control in its territories.CastSee alsoYoung and DangerousExternal linksYoung and Dangerous 3 at IMDbPassage 4:Shri Ganesh MahimaShri Ganesh Mahima also called Shri Krishna Vivah is a 1950 Hindi  mythological film directed by Homi Wadia. The film was made under Wadia's Basant Pictures Banner with music composed by S. N. Tripathi. Meena Kumari, after her career as a child artist, started doing adult roles as heroines in mythologicals and fantasy genres before she made it in mainstream cinema with Baiju Bawra (1952). The cast included Meena Kumari, Mahipal, S. N. Tripathi, Amarnath and Dalpat. It's a side story and indirect sequel to Hanuman Patal Vijay.PlotGanesha curses Chandra (Moon) for his vanity when he laughs at him. On asking forgiveness the curse is changed so that the effect occurs  only on the auspicious day of Ganesh Chaturthi.  Anyone looking at the moon will fall prey to false charges. Lord Krishna (Mahipal) looks at the moon and is accused of having stolen the Syamantaka Mani by Satrajit whose daughter Satyabhama (Meena Kumari) is keen on marrying Krishna. The film follows the fight between Lord Krishna and Jambavan for twenty-one days, with the recovery of the jewel and his marriage to Satyabhama.CastMeena Kumari as SatyabhamaMahipal as Lord KrishnaS. N. TripathiIndira BilliMoolchandVimalMangalaDalpatAmarnathBox-OfficeThe film did not strictly adhere to the telling of Ganesha's story from the classics but focused on a particular incident covering Lord Krishna. It attracted media publicity and became successful at the box-office " breaking box-office records".RemakesIt was remade in Telugu as Vinayaka Chavithi 1957 with NTR playing his iconic role, character of Krishna and in Hindi once again as Shree Ganesh in 1962 by Babubhai Mistry, with Mahipal reprising his iconic role as Lord Krishna, the actor who had played Satrajit, also reprised his role. The song Surya Dev Dinesh Hai, which played during Satrajit worship of Lord Surya was reused in that movie. In both remakes, Krishna Kumari starred as Rukmini.Ot was remade again in 1977 as Jai Dwarkadheesh, by Sushil Gupta, to serve as sequel to prequel remake Hanuman Vijay which also retained ensemble same cast, starring Ashish Kumar, Kanan Kaushal, Radha Saluja, Jayshree T, Manher Desai, Anita Guha, Hercules, B M Vyas, Bharat Bhushan, S.N.Tripati.Director: . MusicThe film had music directed by S. N. Tripathi and lyrics by Ramesh Pandey. The main singers were Mohammed Rafi and Geeta Dutt.Song listPassage 5:Young and Dangerous 4Young and Dangerous 4 (Chinese: 97; Literal Title 97 Wise Guys: No War Cannot Be Won) is a 1997 Hong Kong triad film directed by Andrew Lau. It is the third sequel to the Young and Dangerous film series.SynopsisThe film opens in 1996. It begins with the wedding of Dai Tin Yee and his girlfriend. At the wedding, Chan Ho Nam agrees to travel to Thailand with the other branch leaders of Hung Hing in order to try and recruit Chiang Tin Yeung to lead the Hung Hing triad. While 6 of the 12 branch leaders are in Thailand, Dinosaur, back in Hong Kong, who leads the Tuen Mun area for Hung Hing is assassinated by being thrown over a building by Tiger of rival gang Tung Sing society. The following day, Chan Ho Nam and his fellow leaders in Thailand learn of Dinosaur's demise and agree to elect a new branch leader for the Tuen Mun area. The two nominees are Barbarian (Dinosaur's right-hand man) and Chicken San Gai (Chan Ho Nam's right-hand man). Chan Ho Nam warns Chicken of the dangers of running for branch leader but Chicken chooses to run anyway, causing a feud among their friendship. Meanwhile, Chiang Tin Yeung agrees to head back to Hong Kong to lead the Hung Hing society. He declares that Barbarian and Chicken are given a time period to prove themselves worthy of leading Tuen Muen for Hung Hing. Barbarian gets support from Fatty Lai, the branch leader of North Point, and it's revealed that Fatty Lai's printing studio was once nearly burnt under the orders of Uncle Bee by Chan Ho Nam, which made them enemies. Meanwhile Chicken also gets support from Ben Hon, Sister 13, Tai Fei, and Prince.Back in Hong Kong, Shuk Fan begins her career as a teacher with the worst students in the high school and she is able to temporarily befriend them. She also introduces her colleague Yan Yan to Chan Ho Nam, who lost his girlfriend previously. Chan Ho Nam lies to Yan Yan, saying that he's a tutorial teacher. Meanwhile, Chicken is fighting an uphill battle for his candidacy for Tuen Mun. Barbarian, who is a local of Tuen Mun, already has the upper hand in terms of support from the locals. Chicken tries to throw parties, but no one attends as everyone else is at Barbarian's party. At every turn, Chicken is continuously humiliated by Barbarian. Barbarian even has help from Tiger of rival gang Tung Sing. Tiger provides Barbarian with his wisdom, support, and money. He hopes to gain his own control of the Tuen Muen area with his own society with Barbarian as his puppet.All of Chicken's supporters come