Passage 1:Valley of DeathValley of Death may refer to:PlacesValley of Death (Bydgoszcz), the site of a 1939 Nazi mass murder and mass grave site in northernPolandValley of Death (Crimea), the site of the Charge of the Light Brigade in the 1854 Battle of BalaclavaValley of Death (Gettysburg), the 1863 GettysburgBattlefield landform of Plum RunValley of Death (Dukla Pass), the site of a tank battle during the Battle of the Dukla Pass in 1944 (World War II)The Valley ofDeath, an area of poisonous volcanic gas near the Kikhpinych volcano in RussiaThe Valley of Death, an area of poisonous volcanic gas near the Tangkuban Perahuvolcano in IndonesiaValley of Death, a nickname for the highly polluted city of Cubatão, BrazilOther usesThe Valley of Death (audio drama), a Doctor Who audioplayThe Valley of Death (film), a 1968 western film"Valley of Death", the flawed NewsStand: CNN & Time debut program that caused the Operation TailwindcontroversyA literary element of "The Charge of the Light Brigade" by Alfred, Lord TennysonA reference to the difficulty of covering negative cash flow in the earlystages of a start-up company; see Venture capital"The Valley of Death", a song by the Swedish heavy metal band Sabaton from the 2022 album The War to EndAll WarsSee alsoAll pages with titles containing Valley of DeathDeath Valley (disambiguation)Valley of the Shadow of Death (disambiguation)Passage2:Beaulieu-sur-LoireBeaulieu-sur-Loire (French pronunciation: [boljø sy lwa], literally Beaulieu on Loire) is a commune in the Loiret department innorth-central France. It is the place of death of Jacques MacDonald, a French general who served in the Napoleonic Wars.PopulationSee alsoCommunes of theLoiret departmentPassage 3:Place of originIn Switzerland, the place of origin (German: Heimatort or Bürgerort, literally "home place" or "citizen place"; French:Lieu d'origine; Italian: Luogo di attinenza) denotes where a Swiss citizen has their municipal citizenship, usually inherited from previous generations. It is not tobe confused with the place of birth or  place of residence, although two or all three of these locations may be identical depending on the person'scircumstances.Acquisition of municipal citizenshipSwiss citizenship has three tiers. For a person applying to naturalise as a Swiss citizen, these tiers are asfollows:Municipal citizenship, granted by the place of residence after fulfilling several preconditions, such as sufficient knowledge of the local language, integrationinto local society, and a minimum number of years lived in said municipality.Cantonal (state) citizenship, for which a Swiss municipal citizenship is required. Thisrequires a certain number of years lived in said canton.Country citizenship, for which both of the above are required, also requires a certain number of years livedin Switzerland (except for people married to a Swiss citizen, who may obtain simplified naturalisation without having to reside in Switzerland), and involves acriminal background check.The last two kinds of citizenship are a mere formality, while municipal citizenship is the most significant step in becoming a Swisscitizen. Nowadays the place of residence determines the municipality where citizenship is acquired, for a new applicant, whereas previously there was a historicalreason for preserving the municipal citizenship from earlier generations in the family line, namely to specify which municipality held the responsibility of providingsocial welfare. The law has now been changed, eliminating this form of allocating responsibility to a municipality other than that of the place of residence. Careneeds to be taken when translating the term in Swiss documents which list the historical "Heimatort" instead of the usual place of birth and place ofresidence.However, any Swiss citizen can apply for a second, a third or even more municipal citizenships for prestige reasons or to show their connection to theplace they currently live – and thus have several places of origin. As the legal significance of the place of origin has waned (see below), Swiss citizens can oftenapply for municipal citizenship for no more than 100 Swiss francs after having lived in the same municipality for one or two years. In the past, it was common tohave to pay between 2,000 and 4,000 Swiss francs as a citizenship fee, because of the financial obligations incumbent on the municipality to grant thecitizenship.A child born to two Swiss parents is automatically granted the citizenship of the parent whose last name they hold, so the child gets either themother's or the father's place of origin. A child born to one Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the citizenship, and thus the place of origin, of the Swissparent.International confusionAlmost uniquely in the world (with the exception of Japan, which lists one's Registered Domicile; and Sweden, which lists themother's place of domicile as place of birth), the Swiss identity card, passport and driving licence do not show the holder's birthplace, but only their place oforigin. The vast majority of countries show the holder's actual birthplace on identity documents. This can lead to administrative issues for Swiss citizens abroadwhen asked to demonstrate their actual place of birth, as no such information exists on any official Swiss identification documents. Only a minority of Swisscitizens have a place of origin identical to their birthplace. More confusion comes into play through the fact that people can have more than one place oforigin.Significance and historyA citizen of a municipality does not enjoy a larger set of rights than a non-citizen of the same municipality. To vote in communal,cantonal or national matters, only the current place of residence matters – or in the case of citizens abroad, the last Swiss place of residence.The law previouslyrequired that a citizen's place of origin continued to bear all their social welfare costs for two years after the citizen moved away. In 2012, the National Councilvoted by 151 to 9 votes to abolish this law. The place of domicile is now the sole payer of welfare costs.In 1923, 1937, 1959 and 1967, more cantons signedtreaties that assured that the place of domicile had to pay welfare costs instead of the place of origin, reflecting the fact that fewer and fewer people lived in theirplace of origin (1860: 59%, in 1910: 34%).In 1681, the Tagsatzung – the then Swiss parliament – decided that beggars should be deported to their place oforigin, especially if they were insufficiently cared for by their residential community.In the 19th century, Swiss municipalities even offered free emigration to theUnited States if the Swiss citizen agreed to renounce municipal citizenship, and with that the right to receive welfare.See alsoAncestral home(Chinese)Bon-gwanRegistered domicile== Notes and references ==Passage 4:SennedjemSennedjem was an Ancient Egyptian artisan who was active during thereigns of Seti I and Ramesses II. He lived in Set Maat (translated as "The Place of Truth"), contemporary Deir el-Medina, on the west bank of the Nile, oppositeThebes. Sennedjem had the title "Servant in the Place of Truth". He was buried along with his wife, Iyneferti, and members of his family in a tomb in the villagenecropolis. His tomb was discovered January 31, 1886. When Sennedjem's tomb was found, it contained furniture from his home, including a stool and a bed,which he used when he was alive.His titles included Servant in the Place of Truth, meaning that he worked on the excavation and decoration of the nearby royaltombs.See alsoTT1 – (Tomb of Sennedjem, family and wife)Passage 5:Place of birthThe place of birth (POB) or birthplace is the place where a person was born.This place is often used in legal documents, together with name and date of birth, to uniquely identify a person. Practice regarding whether this place should be acountry, a territory or a city/town/locality differs in different countries, but often city or territory is used for native-born citizen passports and countries forforeign-born ones.As a general rule with respect to passports, if the place of birth is to be a country, it's determined to be the country that currently hassovereignty over the actual place of birth, regardless of when the birth actually occurred. The place of birth is not necessarily the place where the parents of thenew baby live. If the baby is born in a hospital in another place, that place is the place of birth. In many countries, this also means that the government requiresthat the birth of the new baby is registered in the place of birth.Some countries place less or no importance on the place of birth, instead using alternativegeographical characteristics for the purpose of identity documents. For example, Sweden has used the concept of födelsehemort ("domicile of birth") since 1947.This means that the domicile of the baby's mother is the registered place of birth. The location of the maternity ward or other physical birthplace is consideredunimportant.Similarly, Switzerland uses the concept of place of origin. A child born to Swiss parents is automatically assigned the place of origin of the parentwith the same last name, so the child either gets their mother's or father's place of origin. A child born to one Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires theplace of origin of their Swiss parent. In a Swiss passport and identity card, the holder's place of origin is stated, not their place of birth. In Japan, the registereddomicile is a similar concept.In some countries (primarily in the Americas), the place of birth automatically determines the nationality of the baby, a practice oftenreferred to by the Latin phrase jus soli. Almost all countries outside the Americas instead attribute nationality based on the nationality(-ies) of the baby's parents(referred to as jus sanguinis).There can be some confusion regarding the place of birth if the birth takes place in an unusual way: when babies are born on anairplane or at sea, difficulties can arise. The place of birth of such a person depends on the law of the countries involved, which include the nationality of the planeor ship, the nationality(-ies) of the parents and/or the location of the plane or ship (if the birth occurs in the territorial waters or airspace of a country).Someadministrative forms may request the applicant's "country of birth". It is important to determine from the requester whether the information requested refers tothe applicant's "place of birth" or "nationality at birth". For example, US citizens born abroad who acquire US citizenship at the time of birth, the nationality atbirth will be USA (American), while the place of birth would be the country in which the actual birth takes place.Reference list8 FAM 403.4 Place of BirthPassage6:Dance of Death (disambiguation)Dance of Death, also called Danse Macabre, is a late-medieval allegory of the universality of death.Dance of Death or TheDance of Death may also refer to:BooksDance of Death, a 1938 novel by Helen McCloyDance of Death (Stine novel), a 1997 novel by R. L. StineDance of Death(novel), a 2005 novel by Douglas Preston and Lincoln ChildTheatre and filmThe Dance of Death (Strindberg play), a 1900 play by August StrindbergThe Dance ofDeath, a 1908 play by Frank WedekindThe Dance of Death (Auden play), a 1933 play by W. H. AudenFilmThe Death Dance, a 1918 drama starring Alice BradyTheDance of Death (1912 film), a German silent filmThe Dance of Death (1919 film), an Austrian silent filmThe Dance of Death (1938 film), crime drama starring


Passage 1:W. Augustus BarrattW. Augustus Barratt (3 June 1873 – 12 April 1947) was a Scottish-born, later American, songwriter and musician.Early life andsongsWalter Augustus Barratt was born 3 June 1873 in Kilmarnock, the son of composer John Barratt; the family later lived in Paisley. In 1893 he won ascholarship for composition to the Royal College of Music.In his early twenties he contributed to The Scottish Students' Song Book, with three of his own songcompositions and numerous arrangements.By the end of 1897 he had published dozens of songs, such as Sir Patrick Spens, The Death of Cuthullin, an album ofhis own compositions, and arrangements of ten songs by Samuel Lover.He then, living in London, turned his attention to staged musical comedy, co-creating,with Adrian Ross, The Tree Dumas Skiteers, a skit, based on Sydney Grundy's The Musketeers that starred Herbert Beerbohm Tree. He co-composed with HowardTalbot the successful Kitty Grey (1900).He continued to write songs and to receive recognition for them. The 1901 and 1902 BBC Promenade Concerts, "TheProms", included four of his compositions, namely Come back, sweet Love, The Mermaid, My Peggy and Private Donald.His setting of My Ships, a poem by EllaWheeler Wilcox, was performed by Clara Butt and republished several times. It also appeared four times, with different singers, in the 1913 and 1914Proms.AmericaIn September 1904 he went to live in New York City, finding employment with shows on Broadway, including the following roles:on-stage actor(Sir Benjamin Backbite) in Lady Teazle (1904-1905), a musical version of The School for Scandal;musical director of The Little Michus (1907), also featuringsongs by Barratt;co-composer of Miss Pocahontas (1907), a musical comedy;musical director of The Love Cure (1909–1910), a musical romance;composer of TheGirl and the Drummer (1910), a musical romance with book by George Broadhurst. Tried out in Chicago and elsewhere, it did not do well and never reachedBroadway;musical director of The Quaker Girl (1911–1912);co-composer and musical director of My Best Girl (1912);musical director of The Sunshine Girl(1913);musical director of The Girl who Smiles (1915), a musical comedy;musical director and contributor to music and lyrics of Her Soldier Boy(1916–1917);composer, lyricist and musical director of Fancy Free (1918), with book by Dorothy Donnelly and Edgar Smith;contributor of a song to The PassingShow of 1918;composer and musical director of Little Simplicity (1918), with book and lyrics by Rida Johnson Young;contributor of lyrics to The Melting of Molly(1918–1919), a musical comedy;musical director of What's in a Name? (1920), a musical revue1921 in LondonThough domiciled in the US, he made several visitsback to England. During an extended stay in 1921 he played a major part in the creation of two shows, both produced by Charles B. Cochran, namelyLeague ofNotions, at the New Oxford Theatre, for which he composed the music and co-wrote, with John Murray Anderson, the lyrics;Fun of the Fayre, at the LondonPavilion, for which similarly he wrote the music and co-wrote the lyricsBack to BroadwayBack in the US he returned to Broadway, working ascomposer and lyricistof Jack and Jill (1923), a musical comedy;musical director of The Silver Swan (1929), a musical romanceRadio playsIn later years he wrote plays and operettasmostly for radio, such as:Snapshots: a radioperetta (1929)Sushannah and the Brush Wielders: a play in 1 act (1929)The Magic Voice: a radio series (1933)Men ofAction: a series of radio sketches (1933)Say, Uncle: a radio series (1933)Sealed Orders: a radio drama (1934)Sergeant Gabriel (with Hugh Abercrombie)(1945)PersonalIn 1897 in London he married Lizzie May Stoner. They had one son. In 1904 he emigrated to the US and lived in New York City. His first marriageended in divorce in 1915 and, in 1918, he married Ethel J Moore, who was American. In 1924, he became a naturalized American citizen. He died on 12 April1947 in New York City.Note on his first nameThe book British Musical Biography by Brown & Stratton (1897) in its entry for John Barratt refers to "his son WilliamAugustus Barratt" with details that make it clear that Walter Augustus Barratt is the same person and that a "William" Augustus Barratt is a mistake. Forprofessional purposes up to about 1900 he appears to have written as "W. Augustus Barratt", and thereafter mostly as simply "Augustus Barratt".Passage2:AlludugaruAlludugaru or Alludu Garu  is a 1990 Indian Telugu-language drama film directed by K. Raghavendra Rao and produced by Mohan Babu underLakshmi Prasanna Films. This film stars Mohan Babu and Shobhana in lead roles, while Ramya Krishna also appeared in an important supporting role. It wascommercially and critically successful running for more than 100 days. The music of the movie was composed by K. V. Mahadevan.This film is a remake ofMalayalam blockbuster Chithram.CastMohan Babu as VishnuShobana as KalyaniRamya Krishna as RevathiJaggayya as Ramachandra PrasadChandramohan asAnandKaikala Satyanarayana as JailerGollapudi Maruthi RaoSudhakarNizhalgal RaviSoundtrackSoundtrack composed by K. V. Mahadevan is owned by AdityaMusic.AwardsK. J. Yesudas won Nandi Award for Best Male Playback Singer for the song "Muddabanthi Navvulo".Passage 3:The Laughing Policeman (film)TheLaughing Policeman (released in the UK as An Investigation of Murder) is a 1973 American neo-noir thriller film loosely based on the 1968 novel of the samename by Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö. The setting of the story is transplanted from Stockholm to San Francisco. It was directed by Stuart Rosenberg and featuresWalter Matthau as Detective Jake Martin.PlotA busload of passengers, including off-duty police detective Dave Evans, are gunned down and killed. Evans, on hisown time, has been following a man named Gus Niles in search of information linking businessman Henry Camarero to the murder of his wife, Teresa, two yearsearlier.Evans was the partner of Detective Sergeant Jake Martin, a veteran but cynical member of the Homicide Detail working the bus massacre investigation.Jake originally investigated the Teresa Camarero case and has been obsessed with his failure to "make" Camarero for the murder. Jake returns to it after manydead-end leads (including a disastrous confrontation with a deranged amputee who takes hostages at gunpoint) in the bus investigation. Niles was killed on thebus as well, and it was Niles who provided the alibi that enabled Camarero to cover up his wife's murder.The sullen Jake and enthusiastic but impulsive InspectorLeo Larsen are paired to interview suspects. Jake shuts out Larsen from his deductions, while Larsen, despite a loose-on-the-rules and brutal side, tries tounderstand and gain the confidence of his new partner. Defying the orders of their police superior Lt. Steiner, they seek, find and then smoke out Camarero,leading to a chase through the streets of San Francisco and a confrontation aboard another bus.CastWalter Matthau as Sgt. Jake Martin (Martin Beck in thenovel)Bruce Dern as Insp. Leo Larsen (Gunvald Larsson in the novel)Louis Gossett Jr. as Insp. James LarrimoreAnthony Zerbe as Lt. Nat SteinerAlbert Paulsen asHenry CamereroVal Avery as Insp. John PappasPaul Koslo as Duane HaygoodCathy Lee Crosby as Kay ButlerJoanna Cassidy as MonicaClifton James asMaloneyGregory Sierra as Ken VickeryMatt Clark as CoronerReceptionOn review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes the film has a score of 57% based onreviews from 14 critics, with an average rating of 5.5/10.Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times said, The Laughing Policeman is an awfully good police movie:taut, off-key, filled with laconic performances. It provides the special delight we get from gradually unraveling a complicated case... The direction is by StuartRosenberg, and marks a comeback of sorts... With The Laughing Policeman, he takes a labyrinthine plot and leads us through it at a gallop; he respects ourintelligence and doesn't bother to throw in a lot of scenes where everything is explained. All the pieces in the puzzle do fit together, you realize after the movie isover, and part of the fun is assembling them yourself. And there are a couple of scenes that are really stunning, like the bus shooting, and an emergency roomoperation, and scenes where the partners try to shake up street people to get a lead out of them. Police movies so often depend on sheer escapist action that it'sfun to find a good one.Variety praised the film saying that "After an extremely overdone prolog of violent mass murder on a bus, The Laughing Policemanbecomes a handsomely made manhunt actioner, starring Walter Matthau and Bruce Dern in excellent performances as two San Francisco detectives".According toChris Petit of Time Out, "By the end, complete with car chase and split-second shooting, the film has become indistinguishable from all those movies it's trying sohard to disown".The Laughing Policeman was released on Blu-ray on November 15, 2016. Matthew Hartman of High-Def Digest, who reviewed it, wrote "[the film]could have been a great and gritty 70s thriller, unfortunately, it's primary story doesn't live up to the potential of the opening scene".See alsoList of Americanfilms of 1973Passage 4:Piero SchivazappaPiero Schivazappa (born  14 April 1935) is an Italian film and television director and screenwriter.Life and careerBorn inColorno, Schivazappa entered the film industry in 1959 as an assistant director, collaborating with Valerio Zurlini, Mario Monicelli and  Carlo Lizzani, amongothers. In 1963, he started collaborating with RAI for news reports and documentaries.Schivazappa made his feature film debut in 1969, with the controversialBDSM-themed The Laughing Woman, which at the time had many problems with censorship. Following the success of his 1973 miniseries Vino e pane, in thefollowing years he focused on television films and TV-series.In 1986 Schivazappa directed Serena Grandi in the erotic drama La signora della notte , produced byGiovanni Bertolucci.Personal lifeSchivazappa is married to actress Scilla Gabel.Selected filmographyL'Odissea (TV, 1968)The Laughing Woman (1969)Una serac'incontrammo (1975)Dov'è Anna? (TV, 1976)Lady of the Night (1986)An American Love (TV, 1994)Passage 5:The Laughing Cavalier (film)The LaughingCavalier  is a 1917 British silent adventure film directed by A. V. Bramble and Eliot Stannard and starring Mercy Hatton, Edward O'Neill and George Bellamy. It isan adaptation of the 1913 novel The Laughing Cavalier by Baroness Emmuska Orczy.CastMercy Hatton - Gilda BeresteynGeorge Bellamy - LordStoutenbergEdward O'Neill - Governor BeresteynA.V. Bramble - DiogenesFrederick Sargent - Nicholas BeresteynEva Westlake - Lady StoutenbergPassage 6:TheLaughing WomanThe Laughing Woman (Latin: Femina ridens), also known as The Frightened Woman, is a 1969 Italian erotic thriller film directed by PieroSchivazappa.PlotDr. Sayer, the director of a philanthropic foundation, spends his weekends at his luxurious villa outside of Rome toying with sadistic fantasies.His games are usually acted out with the help of a prostitute conversant with his desires. When his regular prostitute becomes unavailable at the last minute,


Passage 1:Esdras HartleyEsdras Hartley (1892–1946) was the art director for the 1935 film Don't Bet on Blondes. He worked on over a hundred films during his career, many of them at the Hollywood studio Warner Brothers.Selected filmographyMiss Pacific Fleet (1935)A Night at the Ritz (1935)Bengal Tiger (1936)Times Square Playboy (1936)Talent Scout (1937)South of Suez (1940)River's End (1940)Ladies Must Live (1940)An Angel from Texas (1940)King of the Lumberjacks (1940)Three Cheers for the Irish ( 1940)The Case of the Black Parrot (1941)Flight from Destiny (1941)Highway West (1941)The Body Disappears (1941)Passage 2:The Only GirlThe Only Girl may refer to:The Only Girl (book), a 2018 memoir by Robin GreenThe Only Girl (film), 1933 filmThe Only Girl (musical), 1914 Broadway musical by Victor Herbert and Henry BlossomPassage 3:The Empress and IThe Empress and I (German: Ich und die Kaiserin) is a 1933 German musical comedy film directed by Friedrich Hollaender and starring Lilian Harvey, Mady Christians and Conrad Veidt. It is also known by the alternative title of The Only Girl. The film was produced as a multi-language version. Moi et l'impératrice a separate French-language version was released as well as The Only Girl in English. The multilingual Harvey played the same role in all three films.It was shot at the Babelsberg Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Robert Herlth and Walter Röhrig. It was made by Erich Pommer's production unit at UFA, several of whom left the country after the film's release due to the Nazi Party's assumption of power.SynopsisAfter a fall from a horse, a wealthy Marquis is believed to be dying. While he lies there, he is comforted by the singing of a beautiful woman. When he unexpectedly recovers, he tries to seek out this young woman. Due to a series of confusions, he believes her to be Empress Eugenie, the wife of Napoleon III of France. In fact, the woman was a Eugenie's hairdresser, a vivacious young woman engaged to be married to an aspiring composer and conductor currently working for the celebrated Jacques Offenbach.CastLilian Harvey as JulietteMady Christians as EmpressConrad Veidt as Marquis de PontignacHeinz Rühmann as DidierFriedel Schuster as AnnabelHubert von Meyerinck as FlügeladjutantJulius Falkenstein as Jacques OffenbachPaul Morgan as Erfinder des FahrradesHans Hermann Schaufuß as DoctorKate Kühl as MarianneHeinrich Gretler as SanitäterEugen Rex as Etienne, Diener des MarquisHans DeppeHans Nowack as Erfinder des TelefonsMargot HöpfnerPassage 4:Don't Bet on LoveDon't Bet on Love is a 1933 American comedy film directed by Murray Roth and written by Howard Emmett Rogers, Murray Roth and Ben Ryan. The film stars Lew Ayres, Ginger Rogers, Charley Grapewin, Shirley Grey, Tom Dugan and Merna Kennedy. The film was released on July 1, 1933, by Universal Pictures.PlotMolly Gilbert won't accept a marriage proposal from Bill McCaffery unless he promises to quit betting money on horse races. He gives her his word, but Molly is miffed when she realizes he wants to honeymoon in Saratoga, New York, due to its proximity to the racetrack.Behind her back, Bill unethically uses money from his dad Pop McCaffery's plumbing business to continue gambling. He gets on a hot streak, winning $50,000, then buys a horse of his own, cheats by disguising a faster horse as his, then loses all his money. Bill agrees to become a plumber, pleasing Molly.CastLew Ayres as Bill McCafferyGinger Rogers as Molly GilbertCharley Grapewin as Pop McCafferyShirley Grey as Goldie WilliamsTom Dugan as ScottyMerna Kennedy as Ruby 'Babe' NortonLucile Gleason as Mrs. GilbertRobert Emmett O'Connor as Edward SheltonPassage 5:Onmyōji (film)Onmyōji () is a 2001 Japanese film directed by Yōjirō Takita. It tells of the exploits of famed onmyōji Abe no Seimei, who meets and befriends bungling court noble, Minamoto no Hiromasa. Together they protect the capital of Heian-kyō against an opposing onmyōji, Dōson, who is secretly plotting the downfall of the emperor.A sequel, Onmyōji 2, appeared in 2003.  Both movies are based on the Onmyōji series of novels by author Baku Yumemakura, which also inspired a manga series by Reiko Okano.PlotThe Heian period (9th–12th centuries) was a time when human beings and various supernatural beings still coexisted with each other, the latter occasionally causing trouble to humans. Practitioners of the art of onmyōdō, the onmyōji, were held to be able to control and subdue these malevolent entities and other paranormal phenomena, and were thus held in high regard, being employed by the imperial court.In Heian-kyō, nobleman Minamoto no Hiromasa meets court onmyōji Abe no Seimei, a mysterious man about whom many rumors have been told. On a dare by some courtiers, Seimei demonstrates his exceptional skills in onmyōdō by killing a butterfly without touching it (i.e. casting a spell on a leaf which then flies and cuts through it).Hiromasa later visits Seimei at his home, where he sees Seimei's shikigami in human form, one of whom was Mitsumushi, the butterfly he had killed (and subsequently revived) earlier. Seimei joins Hiromasa in inspecting a mysterious gourd growing from a pine tree in Lord Kaneie's house; Seimei reveals the gourd to have been caused by a curse cast by a former lover of Kaneie who committed suicide.One night, Hiromasa impresses an unseen lady on an oxcart with his flute playing. Unbeknownst to him, this woman is Sukehime, Minister of the Right Fujiwara no Motokata's daughter and one of the current emperor's wives, who is worried that she is losing the emperor's favor as another wife, Lady Tōko, the daughter of Minister of the Left Fujiwara no Morosuke, had just given birth to a baby boy, who is to be the heir to the throne.Meanwhile, the head onmyōji of the imperial Bureau of Onmyō, Dōson, is secretly plotting to overthrow the emperor by trying to awaken the vengeful spirit of Prince Sawara, who had died 150 years ago. Wrongfully accused of treason by his brother, the Emperor Kanmu, Sawara committed suicide, but not before swearing eternal vengeance on the Son of Heaven (i.e. the emperor). When Dōson curses the emperor's newborn son, Prince Atsuhira, to be possessed by an evil spirit, Seimei combats his spells and drives the demon away with the help of Hiromasa and the immortal Lady Aone, who was ordered by Kanmu to guard the burial mound where Prince Sawara's spirit is sealed away.Hiromasa once again meets Sukehime (again unseen by Hiromasa) on the oxcart. He confesses his feelings for Sukehime, who he calls 'Lady of the Full Moon' ( Mochizuki no kimi), but Sukehime, who still loves the emperor, rejects his advances.Both Seimei and Aone are put under arrest by Motokata and accused of cursing the infant prince. They are saved in the nick of time by Morosuke, who points out it is unlawful to kill a court onmyōji without imperial permission. Dōson, who is implied to be behind the allegation, enchants one of the imperial police to attack the two; Aone is severely wounded, but proves to be unharmed due to her immortality.Taking advantage of Sukehime's jealousy against Tōko, Dōson uses his powers to turn her into a namanari (a woman halfway to becoming an oni) that harasses both Tōko and the newborn Atsuhira. Seimei uses onmyōdō to transform straw effigies into the likenesses of the Emperor and the infant prince. Sukehime arrives and assaults the effigies, thinking them to be the real emperor and Atsuhira. The emperor, moved by a waka poem she recites (the same poem Hiromasa hears the lady on the oxcart recite earlier), speaks out loudly, breaking Seimei's spell. Hiromasa, recognizing Sukehime to be his 'Lady of the Full Moon', steps in to accost her.Sukehime briefly comes back to her senses when Seimei removes a paper talisman attached to her back, but Dōson doubles his efforts, and she completely transforms into an oni. When Hiromasa sacrifices himself by allowing her to bite on his arm, Sukehime comes back to her senses once more and kills herself with Hiromasa's tachi. In her final moments, Sukehime - now a human once more - begs to hear Hiromasa's flute one last time.Seimei shoots an arrow with the paper talisman towards the sky, ordering the curse to go back to its sender. The arrow, now on fire, lands in Dōson's secret lair, burning it to the ground. Dōson, swearing vengeance on Seimei, finally releases the spirit of Prince Sawara from its confinement in the burial mound. Sawara's ghost enters Dōson's body and summons a horde of vengeful spirits to attack Heian-kyō. Aone reveals to Seimei that he and Hiromasa are foretold by the stars to become the two protectors of the city: one cannot survive without the other. She, Seimei and Mitsumushi then go off in search of Hiromasa.Dōson makes his way to the imperial palace. Hiromasa tries to stop him in his tracks, but he is no match for his superhuman abilities; he is mortally wounded when Dōson throws back an arrow Hiromasa shot towards him. Seimei and Aone find him, but it is too late. Aone suggests that Seimei resurrect Hiromasa by performing the rite of Taizan-fukun, the Chinese god of the dead ( Taizan-fukun no matsuri), offering to sacrifice her immortality and life to do so.Hiromasa, brought back to life by the ritual, and Seimei go to face Dōson. Aone's spirit, speaking through Hiromasa's body, convinces Sawara to give up his hatred. While Sawara at first refuses to do so, he is finally moved by the prospect of being with Aone - who was the prince's lover during his lifetime - forever; he then passes peacefully with Aone into the afterlife. Although now without Sawara's spirit to empower him, Dōson resumes the fight. Seimei, using his wits, traps Dōson within a magical barrier. Finally admitting defeat, Dōson slashes his throat with the sword from Sawara's burial mound.At the end of the movie, Seimei and Hiromasa drink sake together in Seimei's house. Hiromasa teases Seimei for crying when he died and reflects on what Seimei said to him earlier: that the human heart can turn one into a demon or a buddha. Seimei tells Hiromasa that he is a 'very good man'; Hiromasa answers, "So are you." The two share a laugh together.CastMansai Nomura as Abe no Seimei (): An exceptionally talented onmyōji whose very origins are shrouded in mystery. Although an onmyōji of the imperial court, he initially shows little regard for it or Heian-kyō itself, preferring instead to stay home with his shikigami and drink sake, yet eventually finds himself fulfilling his destined role as the capital's protector along with Hiromasa.Hideaki Itō as Minamoto no Hiromasa (): A nobleman in the court with a bumbling personality skilled in playing the flute. Although wary of onmyōji at first, he eventually becomes close friends with Seimei, being destined to become the guardian of Heian-kyō along with him.Eriko Imai as Mitsumushi (): A butterfly apparently killed by Seimei as a display of his power and subsequently brought back to life. She serves him as one of his shikigami.Hiroyuki Sanada as Dōson (): The head of the Bureau of Onmyō ( Onmyō-ryō), he secretly plots the downfall of the imperial line and attempts to use the vengeful spirit of Prince Sawara to further his goals.Ittoku Kishibe as the Emperor ( Mikado): Loosely based on the historical Emperor Murakami (reigned 946–967), who was the reigning emperor in the year the story takes place (944 CE). The emperor's newborn son and


Passage 1:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland andAustralia, and now lives and works in the United States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31,2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and theNational Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 todirect the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019, he succeededDan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career in IrelandKennedy was born in Dublin and attended ClonkeenCollege. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history.He workedin the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), GovernmentPublications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery ofIreland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art MuseumDirectors from 2001 to 2003. In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery of Australia (NGA)Kennedy expandedthe traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitionsat the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annualvisitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions.During his directorship, the NGA gainedgovernment support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship. However, the initial design for the building provedcontroversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy'stenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later.  Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's ABigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring theHolmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian PrintWorkshop Archive. He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which wascompleted in 2010 (see reference to the building project above).Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market"implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor. However, there were other exhibitions at the NGAduring his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchiand attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn. Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dungand was accused of being blasphemous. The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" andan "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion." In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had "obscureddiscussion of the artistic merit of the works of art". He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far."Kennedy was also repeatedlyquestioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational healthand safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system. The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003. Kennedy announcedin 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors.He became a jointIrish-Australian citizen in 2003.Toledo Museum of ArtThe Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings andsculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke. The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the fieldof art education.  During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read, understandand write visual language."   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of a website,www.vislit.org. In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so. Kennedy hasbeen a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy.Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding themuseum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples. Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy and Mary Sibandehave been acquired.  In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano.During his tenure the ToledoMuseum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold tothe museum.  In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture ofGanesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015.Hood Museum of ArtKennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July 2005.During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bring greater publicattention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions. At 70,000 objects, the Hoodhas one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus. The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the AfricanBody, toured several US venues. Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually.Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of Stone Steles:Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons.PublicationsKennedy has written oredited a number of books on art, including:Alfred Chester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics, Glendale Press (1988), ISBN978-0-907606-49-9Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990), ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7Jack B Yeats:Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with DavisCoakley), National Gallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers(1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers (November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe,Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art (October 2010), ISBN978-0-944722-39-8Honors and achievementsKennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art. He is atrustee and treasurer of the Association of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the InternationalAssociation of Art Critics. In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at the University of Toledo and received an honorary doctorate from LourdesUniversity. Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for art education.==Notes ==Passage 2:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editoronly)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990)(mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation!(2008) (documentary)The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)Passage 3:Jesse E. HobsonJesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director ofSRI International from 1947 to 1955. Prior to SRI, he was the director of the Armour Research Foundation.Early life and educationHobson was born in Marshall,Indiana. He received bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electrical engineering from the CaliforniaInstitute of Technology. Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstanding engineer.Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had fivechildren.CareerAwards and membershipsHobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948.Passage 4:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director of film, televisionand theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films. Some of his television series creditsinclude Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and JudgingAmy.Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us(1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films. He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy forBest Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions. He costarred with Susan Strasberg in"[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army. He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University. Eventually becominga theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company. He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre


Passage 1:Frederick I, Count Palatine of SimmernFrederick I, the Hunsrücker (German: Friedrich I.; 19 November 1417 – 29 November 1480) was the CountPalatine of Simmern from 1459 until 1480.Frederick was born in 1417 to Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken and his wife, Anna of Veldenz. In 1444his father partitioned his territories between Frederick and his younger brother Louis. Frederick married Margaret of Guelders, daughter of Duke Arnold, on 16August 1454. Frederick died in Simmern in 1480 and was buried in the Augustinian Abbey of Ravengiersburg.ChildrenWith Margaret (1436 – 15 August 1486),daughter of Arnold, Duke of Guelders:Katherine of Palatinate-Simmern (1455 – 28 December 1522), Abbess in the St Klara monastery in TrierStephen (25February 1457 – 1488/9) Canon in Strasbourg , Mainz and CologneWilliam (2 January 1458 – 1458)John I (15 May 1459 – 27 January 1509)Frederick (10 April1460 – 22 November 1518) Canon in Cologne, Speyer , Trier , Mainz, Magdeburg and StrasbourgRupert (16 October 1461 – 19 April 1507), bishop ofRegensburg.Anne (30 July 1465 – 15 July 1517)  Nun in TrierMargaret (2 December 1466 – August 1506) Nun in TrierHelene (1467 – 21 February 1555) Prioressin the St. Agnes monastery in TrierWilliam (20 April 1468 – 1481) Canon in TrierPassage 2:Reichard, Count Palatine of Simmern-SponheimReichard (25 July 1521– 13 January 1598) was the Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim from 1569 until 1598.Reichard was born in Simmern in 1521 to Johann II, Count Palatine ofSimmern. In 1569 he succeeded his brother Georg as Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim. Reichard died in Simmern in 1598. Without any surviving children,Simmern-Sponheim was inherited by his great-nephew Frederick IV.MarriageReichard married Juliane of Wied (c. 1545 - 30 April 1575, daughter of Count JohannIV of Wied, on 30 July 1569 and had several children:Juliana (21 November 1571 – 4 February 1592)Katherine (10 May 1573 – 12 October 1576)unnamed son(1574)unnamed son (30 April 1575)Reichard married Emilie of Württemberg (19 August 1550 - 4 June 1589), daughter of Christoph, Duke of Württemberg, on26 March 1578.Reichard married Anne Margaret of Palatinate-Veldenz (17 January 1571 - 1 November 1621), daughter of Count Palatine Georg Johann I, on 14December 1589.Passage 3:Louis Henry, Count Palatine of Simmern-KaiserslauternLouis Henry (German: Ludwig Heinrich) (11 October 1640 - 3 January 1674)was the Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern from 1653 until 1673.LifeLouis Henry was born in 1640 as the only surviving son of Louis Philip, Count Palatineof Simmern-Kaiserslautern. He succeeded his father in 1655, and was under the regency of his mother, Marie Eleonore von Brandenburg, till 1658. He retiredfrom ruling in 1673. He died less than a year later, and was buried in the St-Stephan's Church in Simmern.MarriageLouis Henry married Maria of Orange-Nassau(5 September 1642 - 20 March 1688) in 1666, daughter of the Dutch prince Frederick Henry. The marriage remained childless.Passage 4:John I, Count Palatine ofSimmernJohn I (15 May 1459 – 27 January 1509) was the Count Palatine of Simmern from 1480 until 1509.John was born in 1459 to Frederick I, Count Palatineof Simmern. He married Joanna of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1464 - 1521) the daughter of Johann II of Nassau-Saarbrücken on 29 September 1481. John died inStarkenburg in 1509 and was buried in Simmern.ChildrenWith Joanna of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1464 - 1521) (14 April 1464 – 7 May 1521)Frederick (1490)John II(21 March 1492 – 18 May 1557)Frederick (1494–?)Passage 5:Sabina, Duchess of BavariaSabina, Duchess of Bavaria (1528–1578) was the daughter of John II,Count Palatine of Simmern and Beatrix of Baden.MarriageIn 1544 she married Lamoral, Count of Egmont with whom she had twelve children. When her husbandwas arrested and accused of treason in 1567, she wrote king Philip II, the king of Spain, a letter to plead for his release. It was to no avail and he was decapitatedin the following year. Sabina was buried in Egmont's crypt in Zottegem.ChildrenCharles, 7th Count of Egmont, Prince de Gavre: married to Marie de Lens,  Lady ofAubigny.WidowhoodAfter her death in 1578, she was buried next to her husband in Zottegem.Passage 6:Georg, Count Palatine of Simmern-SponheimGeorg (20February 1518 – 17 May 1569) was the Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim from 1559 until 1569.George was born in 1518 to Johann II, Count Palatine ofSimmern. In 1559 his elder brother Frederick inherited the Electorate of the Palatinate and gave George his old territories inherited from his father in 1557.George married Elisabeth of Hesse, daughter of Landgrave Wilhelm I, on 9 January 1541. George died in 1569 and was succeeded in Simmern by his youngerbrother Reichard.ChildrenWith Elisabeth of Hesse (4 March 1503 - 4 January 1563)John (c. 7 October 1541 – 28 January 1562)George also had a mistress inElisabeth of Rosenfeld and fathered two illegitimate children with herAdam (c.1565–1598)George (c.1566–1598)See alsoList of Counts Palatine of theRhinePassage 7:Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-ZweibrückenStephen of Simmern-Zweibrücken (German: Stefan Pfalzgraf von Simmern-Zweibrücken) (23June 1385 – 14 February 1459, Simmern) was Count Palatine of Simmern and Zweibrücken from 1410 until his death in 1459.LifeHe was the son of King Rupertof Germany and his wife Elisabeth of Nuremberg. After the death of Rupert the Palatinate was divided between four of his surviving sons. Louis III received themain part, John received Palatinate-Neumarkt, Stephen received Palatinate-Simmern and Otto received Palatinate-Mosbach.In 1410, Stephen married Anna ofVeldenz, who died in 1439. After the death of Anna's father in 1444, Stephen also gained control of Veldenz and of the Veldenz share of Sponheim. In the sameyear, he also divided the country between his sons Frederick I, who became Count Palatine of Simmern, and Louis I, who became Count Palatine of Zweibrücken.In 1448 he succeeded to one part of Palatinate-Neumarkt and sold the other to his younger brother Otto.He was buried in the Schlosskirche (German: palacechurch), formerly the church of the Knights Hospitallers in Meisenheim.FamilyStefan of Simmern-Zweibrücken and Anna of Veldenz had issue:Anne (1413 – 12March 1455)Margaret (1416 – 23 November 1426)Frederick I (24 April 1417 – 29 November 1480)Rupert (1420 – 17 October 1478)Stephen (1421 – 4September 1485) Canon in Strasbourg, Mainz, Cologne, Speyer and LiègeLouis I (1424 – 19 July 1489)John (1429–1475), Archbishop ofMagdeburgAncestryPassage 8:John Christian, Count Palatine of SulzbachJohn Christian (23 January 1700 – 20 July 1733; in German: Johann Christian Joseph)was the Count Palatine of Sulzbach from 1732–33. He was the second and youngest surviving son of duke Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach(1659–1732) with his consort Eleonore Maria Amalia of Hesse-Rotenburg (1675–1720). His elder brother was Joseph Charles, Count Palatine of Sulzbach.LifeAfterthe death of his elder brother Joseph Charles, John Christian Joseph became the eventual designated heir of the Electoral Palatine. In 1732 he succeeded hisfather as Count Palatine of Sulzbach, but died in Sulzbach in 1733 before inheriting the Palatinate.Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine, a member of the PalatineNeuburg line of Wittelsbach failed to produce a legitimate male heir, and his brothers also. By 1716 it was evident that the Neuburg line would become extinctand that the Sulzbach branch would succeed them.MarriageHe married twice:Marie Anne Henriëtte Leopoldine de La Tour d'Auvergne (24 October 1708 – 28 July1728), daughter of Francois Egon de la Tour d'Auvergne, Prince of Auvergne, and had the following children:Charles Theodore (11 December 1724 – 16 February1799); became Elector Palatine in 1742, and Elector of Bavaria in 1777Maria Anne (30 May 1728 – 25 June 1728)Eleonore Philippina Christina Sophia ofHesse-Rotenburg  (1712-1759); married on 1731 but had no issue.== Ancestry ==Passage 9:Elisabeth of NurembergElisabeth of Nuremberg (1358 – 26 July1411) was Queen of Germany and Electress Palatine as the wife of Rupert, King of the Romans.LifeElisabeth was born in 1358, the daughter of Frederick V,Burgrave of Nuremberg and his wife Elisabeth of Meissen, daughter of Frederick II, Margrave of Meissen.In Amberg, on 27 June 1374, Elisabeth married Rupert,the son and heir of Rupert II, Elector Palatine. Upon Rupert's succession to the Palatinate in 1398, she became Electress consort of the Palatinate. When Rupertwas elected King of the Romans in 1400, Elisabeth became Queen of the Romans. She survived her husband, who died on 18 May 1410, by a year, dying on 26July 1411. Elisabeth was buried alongside her husband in the Church of the Holy Spirit, Heidelberg.IssueRupert Pipan (20 February 1375, Amberg – 25 January1397, Amberg)Margaret (1376 – 27 August 1434, Nancy), married on 6 February 1393 to Duke Charles II of LorraineFrederick (c. 1377, Amberg – 7 March 1401,Amberg)Louis III, Elector Palatine (23 January 1378 – 30 December 1436, Heidelberg)Agnes (1379 – 1401, Heidelberg), married in Heidelberg shortly beforeMarch 1400 to Duke Adolph I of ClevesElisabeth (27 October 1381 – 31 December 1408, Innsbruck), married in Innsbruck 24 December 1407 to Duke FrederickIV of AustriaCount Palatine John of Neumarkt (1383, Neunburg vorm Wald – 13–14 March 1443)Count Palatine Stephen of Simmern-Zweibrücken (23 June 1385– 14 February 1459, Simmern)Count Palatine Otto I of Mosbach (24 August 1390, Mosbach – 5 July 1461)Passage 10:Rudolph II, Count Palatine ofTübingenRudolph II, Count Palatine of Tübingen (died 1 November 1247) was Count Palatine of Tübingen and Vogt of Sindelfingen.  He was the younger son ofRudolph I and his wife Matilda of Gleiberg, heiress of Giessen.LifeRudolph II inherited the County Palatine of Tübingen when his elder brother Hugo III died in1216.  From 1224 onwards, he is described as Count Palatine in many imperial documents, while his younger brother William is merely styled as Count.  RudolphII supported Bebenhausen Abbey, which his parents had founded. Next to his father, Rudolph II is the second most mentioned Count Palatine of Tübingen inimperial documents, mostly in documents by King Henry (VII) of Germany, the son of Emperor Frederick II, who had been elected King of Germany in 1220, atthe age of 8.  Frederick II spent much of his time in Italy, leaving his ancestral Swabia in the hands of his son.  Later, in 1232, Henry revolted against his father,and did everything in his power to win the Swabian nobility over to his side.  Rudolph II appears to have been among the noblemen who sided with Henry VII, atleast, he is mentioned in 10 different documents of Henry VII and never by Frederick II.  Considering Rudolph's energetic character, one can assume that heintended to use the conflict between Henry VII and Frederick II to expand his own power and aim at an independent position.Swabian noblemen, includingRudolph II and his brother William, Count Hartmann I of Württemberg and a Count of Dillingen, visited Henry VII in Worms on 8 January 1224.  They met


Passage 1:Louise Elisabeth of CourlandLouise Elisabeth of Courland (12 August 1646 in Jelgava – 16 December 1690 in Weferlingen) was Landgravine ofHesse-Homburg by marriage to Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg.LifeLouise Elisabeth was a daughter of Duke Jacob of Courland (1610-1662) from hismarriage to Charlotte Louise (1617-1676), eldest daughter of Elector George William of Brandenburg.On 23 October 1670 in Cölln, she married the laterLandgrave Frederick II of Hesse-Homburg, the famous Prince of Homburg.  Frederick had converted to the Calvinist faith for the sake of their marriage.  Thisconversion brought him into closer relations with the princely houses in Brandenburg and Hesse-Kassel, who were also Calvinist.  Louise Elisabeth's sister MariaAmalia married Landgrave Charles of Hesse-Kassel in 1673.  Louise Elizabeth was a niece of Elector Frederick William of Brandenburg.  This relationship allowedFrederick to join the Prussian army and become commander of all the troops of the Electorate only two years later, in 1672.The Calvinist Louise Elisabeth played asignificant role in the settlement of displaced Huguenots and Waldenses in Friedrichsdorf and Dornholzhausen in as well as in the formation of Calvinistcongregations in Weferlingen and Bad Homburg.IssueCharlotte Dorothea Sophia (1672–1738)married 1694 Johann Ernst III, Duke of Saxe-Weimar(1664–1707)Frederick III Jacob (1673–1746), Landgrave of Hesse-Homburgmarried 1. 1700 Princess Elisabeth Dorothea of Hesse-Darmstadt(1676–1721)married 2. 1728 Princess Christiane Charlotte of Nassau-Ottweiler (1685–1761)Karl Christian (1674–1695), fell at the Siege of NamurHedwig Luise(1675–1760)married 1718 Count Adam Friedrich von Schlieben (1677–1752)Philipp (1676–1706), fell at the Battle of Speyerbach in the War of the SpanishSuccessionWilhelmine Maria (1678–1770)married 1711 Count Anton II of Aldenburg (1681–1738)Eleonore Margarete (1679–1763)Elisabeth Juliana Francisca(1681–1707)married 1702 Prince Frederick William Adolf, Prince of Nassau-Siegen (1680–1722)Johanna Ernestine (1682–1698)Ferdinand (born and died1683)Karl Ferdinand (1684–1688)Casimir William (1690–1726)Passage 2:Adelaide of HesseAdelaide of Hesse (Polish: Adelajda heska) (after 1323 – after May26, 1371) was queen consort of Poland by marriage to Casimir III of Poland. She was daughter of Henry II, Landgrave of Hesse, and his wife Elisabeth ofThuringia, daughter of Frederick I, Margrave of Meissen. Adelaide was a member of the House of Hesse.BiographyShe was named after her paternalgrandmother.Unhappy marriageOn September 29, 1341, in Poznań, Adelaide married Casimir III the Great, King of Poland. The marriage was a result of anagreement between Casimir III and Luxemburgs.The marriage was Casimir's second marriage, after the death of his first wife, Aldona of Lithuania. Casimir hadno male heir, though he had two daughters, Elizabeth and Kunigunde. On September 29, 1341, Adelaide was crowned in Poznań Cathedral. The marriage was anunhappy one, Casimir started living separately from Adelaide soon after their marriage.AnnulmentTheir loveless marriage lasted until 1356. Casimir separatedfrom Adelaide and married his mistress Christina. Christina was the widow of Miklusz Rokiczani, a wealthy merchant. The bigamy and his womanizing got Casimirinto severe trouble with the clergy.Casimir continued living with Christina despite complaints by Pope Innocent VI on behalf of Adelaide. The marriage lasted until1363/1364 when Casimir again declared himself divorced. They had no children. The marriage to Adelaide was annulled in 1368. Then Casimir married his fourthwife, Jadwiga (Hedwig) of Żagań.This marriage produced another three daughters.With Adelaide still alive and Christina possibly as well, the marriage to Jadwigawas also considered bigamous. The legitimacy of the three last daughters was disputed. Casimir managed to have two of his daughters, Anna and Kunigunde,legitimatized by Pope Urban V on December 5, 1369. Jadwiga the younger, was legitimatized by Pope Gregory XI on October 1, 1371.Later lifeAfter theannulment of her marriage, Adelaide went back home to Hesse. She spent the rest of her life in Hesse.After her ex-husband's death, she fought for her propertyrights. She intervened in this case to Pope Gregory XI. On May 26, 1371, the Pope urged King Louis to give back her property.In popular cultureFilmQueenAdelaide is one of the main characters in the second season of Polish historical TV drama series "Korona Królów" ("The Crown of the Kings"). She is played byAleksandra Przesław.Further readingBalzer Oswald: Genealogia Piastów. Kraków 1895, p. 386-387.Paszkiewicz H.: Adelajda. In: Polski Słownik Biograficzny. Vol.1. 1935, p. 28.Semkowicz Aleksander: Adelajda, Krystyna, Jadwiga, żony Kazimierza Wielkiego. Kwartalnik Historyczny 12. 1898, p. 561-566.Passage 3:Philip,Landgrave of Hesse-PhilippsthalPhilip of Hesse-Philippsthal (14 December 1655 – 18 June 1721) was the son of William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel andHedwig Sophia of Brandenburg. He was the first landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal from 1663 to 1721 and the founder of the fifth branch of the house ofHesse.Marriage and issueIn 1680, Philip of Hesse-Philipsthal married Catherine of Solms-Laubach (1654–1736) (daughter of Count Charles Otto ofSolms-Laubach).  They had 8 children:Wilhelmine of Hesse-Philipstahl (1681–1699)Charles I of Hesse-Philippsthal, landgrave of Hesse-PhilippsthalAmélie ofHesse-Philippsthal (1684–1754)Amoene of Hesse-Philippsthal (1685–1686)Philip of Hesse-Philipsthal (1686–1717) who, in 1714, married Marie von Limburg(1689–1759, (daughter of comte Albert von Limburg) and had children with herHenriette of Hesse-Philippsthal (1688–1761)William ofHesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld, landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld, founder of the sixth branch of the House of HesseSophie of Hesse-Philippsthal(1695–1728) who in 1723 married Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (who died in 1775).BranchPhilip of Hesse-Philippsthal belonged tothe Hesse-Philipsthal branch - this fifth branch was issued from the first branch of the House of Hesse, itself issuing from the first branch of the House ofBrabant.After the abdication of landgrave Ernest of Hesse-Philippsthal (1846-1925) in 1868, the Hesse-Philippsthal branch perpetuated itself through the sixthbranch of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld, currently represented by William of Hesse-Philippsthal (1933-).AncestrySourcesgenroy.free.frPassage 4:Charles I,Landgrave of Hesse-KasselCharles of Hesse-Kassel (German: Karl von Hessen-Kassel; 3 August 1654 – 23 March 1730), of the House of Hesse, was theLandgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1670 to 1730.ChildhoodCharles was the second son of William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and Hedwig Sophia ofBrandenburg (1623–1683).  Until 1675 his mother ruled as his guardian and regent before Charles was old enough to take over the administration for the next 5years.  His older brother, William VII, had died in 1670 shortly after reaching adulthood, even before he had had the chance to make any changes with theadministration.PoliciesUnder the reign of Charles, the consequences of the Thirty Years' War in the agricultural county could be overcome more quickly than theywere in the more industrialized regions of the Holy Roman Empire.  He pushed for the recreation of a large army and put it in the service of other countries in theWar of Spanish Succession.   His soldiers, he gave, as well as other princes of his time, to foreign service for the Subsidiengelder [ subsidies ].  This policyremained controversial for its dealings with the mercenaries, according to the 1908 Brockhaus (Volume 9, page 96) :"Dieses System verbesserte die Finanzen,aber nicht den Wohlstand des Landes,und brachte den glänzenden Hof selbst in ausländische Familienverbindungen."[ This system improved the finances but notthe prosperity of the country,and brought to the brilliant court itself foreign familial connections. ]Charles left in 1685 to his younger brother Philipp as the latter'sParagium a small part of the Landgraviate of Hesse, the so-called Landgraviate of Hesse–Philippsthal, named after Philippsthal [ "Philipp's Valley" ] (formerlyKreuzberg, a place near Vacha on the Werra River).EconomyEven before the Edict of Fontainebleau (October 1685), Charles adopted on 18 April 1685 theFreiheits-Concession [ "Freedom Concession" ], promising the exiles from France, the Huguenots and Waldensians, free settlement and their own churches andschools.  In the following years, about 4000 the Protestants fled persecution in their homelands for Northern Hesse and, for example, about 1700 of them settledin Oberneustadt, the newly created borough of Kassel.Following the ideas of mercantilism, Charles founded in 1679 the Messinghof, one of the firstmetal-processing plants in Hesse, in Bettenhausen, east of Kassel.In 1699 Charles founded Sieburg (since 1717 Karlshafen) and also moved some of theHuguenots and Waldensians there.  With the construction of the Landgrave-Carl-Canal from the Diemel River to Kassel (and beyond), he tried to circumvent theexisting customs borders but, after only a few kilometers, the construction was discontinued.CultureLandgrave Charles continued the design of the hillside park,Wilhelmshöhe ("William's Peak") in the Habichtswald ("Hawk Forest"), now a nature preserve west of Kassel. In particular, it was the construction of the Herculesmonument that brought the Italian-inspired cascades and other water features to the park. Under his rule, the Moritzaue ("Maurice's Meadow") park near thetown was extended over a large area to another park, the Karlsaue ("Charles's Meadow"), which still exists today, and the Schloss Orangerie was built.With theparticipation of the Landgrave, who was interested in history, the first archaeological excavations began in 1709 on the Mader Heide.FamilyCharles married hisfirst cousin, Maria Amalia of Courland (1653–1711), the daughter of Jacob Kettler, Duke of Courland, and had with her 24 children, fourteen of which lived longenough to have names:William (29 March 1674 – 25 July 1676)Charles (24 February 1675 – 7 December 1677)Friedrich (28 April 1676 – 5 April 1751), whosucceeded his father as Frederick, the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and became, in 1720, the King of Sweden∞ 1 1700 Princess Louisa Dorothea of Brandenburg(1680–1705)∞ 2 1715 Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden (1688–1741)Christian (2 July 1677 – 18 September 1677)Sophie Charlotte (16 July 1678 – 30 May1749)∞ 1704 Frederick William, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1675–1713)Son (12 June 1679)Charles (12 June 1680 – 13 November 1702)Daughter (12 April1681)William (10 March 1682 – 1 February 1760), who succeeded his brother Frederick as William VIII, the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel∞ 1717 DorotheaWilhelmina of Saxe-Zeitz (1691–1743)Daughter (12 June 1683)Leopold (30 December 1684 – 10 September 1704)Son (12 November 1685)Louis (5 September1686 – 23 May 1706)Marie Louise (7 February 1688 – 9 April 1765)∞ 1709 Johan Willem Friso, Prince of Orange (1687–1711)Maximilian (28 May 1689 – 8 May


Passage 1:The Grey Lady(The) Grey Lady or (The) Gray Lady may refer to:FilmsThe Grey Lady (film), 1937 German film also known as Sherlock Holmes: The Grey LadyGrey Lady (film), 2017 American film directed by John SheaFolkloreGrey Lady, a ghost reputed to haunt Rufford Old Hall, Lancashire, EnglandGrey Lady, a ghost reputed to haunt Theatre Royal, Bath, EnglandGrey Lady, a ghost reputed to haunt Fort St. Angelo, Birgu, MaltaThe Grey Lady, a spirit reputed to haunt Cumberland College, in Dunedin, New ZealandThe Gray Lady Ghost, reputed to haunt the old parsonage in Sims, North Dakota, United StatesThe Grey Lady, a ghost reputed to haunt the Dark Hedges, County Antrim, Northern IrelandThe Grey Lady, a ghost reputed to haunt Gainsborough Old Hall, Lincolnshire, EnglandEntertainmentThe Gray Lady, a spirit from GhostbustersThe Grey Lady, a character in The Good WitchThe Grey Lady, a character in Harry Potter; see Hogwarts staffOther usesMV Grey Lady, American catamaran ferryA member of the Gray Ladies, volunteers working with the American Red Cross in WWIIThe Gray Lady, a nickname for The New York TimesSee alsoThe Old Grey Lady, a nickname for Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama, USThe Little Grey Lady of the Sea, a nickname for Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, USPassage 2:Governor GreyGovernor Grey or Gray may refer to:Charles Edward Grey (1785–1865), Governor of Barbados from 1841 to 1846 and Governor of Jamaica from 1847 to 1853George Grey (1812–1898), Governor of South Australia from 1841 to 1845, Governor of New Zealand 1845 to 1854 and from 1861 to 1868, and Governor of Cape Colony from 1854 to 1861Isaac P. Gray (1828–1895), 18th and 20th Governor of the U.S. state of IndianaMatthew Gray (Governor of Bombay) (fl. 1670s), acting Governor of Bombay from 1669 to 1672Ralph Grey, Baron Grey of Naunton (1910–1999), Governor of British Guiana from 1958 to 1964, Governor of the Bahamas from 1964 to 1968, and Governor of Northern Ireland from 1968 to 1973William Grey (governor) (1818–1878), Governor of Jamaica from 1874 to 1877Governor Grey (horse), second-place finisher in the 1911 Kentucky DerbyPassage 3:The Little Gray LadyThe Little Gray Lady is a lost 1914 silent film drama directed by Francis Powers and starring Jane Grey of the Broadway stage. It was produced by Adolph Zukor continuing his making films with Broadway actors and stars, hence the name of his company Famous Players Film Company.CastJane Grey as Anna GrayJames Cooley as Perry CarlyleJane Fearnley as Ruth JordanHal Clarendon as Sam MeadeJulia Walcott as Mrs. JordanRobert Cummings as Richard GrahamMathaleen Aarnold as Mrs. GrahamEdgar Davenport as John MooreSue Balfour as Mrs. CarlylePassage 4:Gray Lady DownGray Lady Down is a 1978 American submarine disaster film directed by David Greene and starring Charlton Heston, David Carradine, Stacy Keach, Ned Beatty, Ronny Cox and Rosemary Forsyth, and includes the feature film debut of Michael O'Keefe and Christopher Reeve. It is based on David Lavallee's 1971 novel Event 1000.PlotAging, respected Captain Paul Blanchard is on his final submarine tour before promotion to command of a submarine squadron (COMSUBRON). Surfaced and returning to port, the submarine, USS Neptune, is struck by a Norwegian freighter en route to New York in heavy fog. With the engine room flooded and its main propulsion disabled, the Neptune sinks to a depth of 1,450 feet (440 meters) or approx. 241.6 fathoms) on a canyon ledge above the ocean floor. A United States Navy rescue force, commanded by Captain Hal Bennett, arrives on the scene, but Neptune is subsequently rolled by a gravity slide to a greater angle that does not allow the Navy's Deep-submergence rescue vehicle (DSRV) to complete its work. As technical malfunctions increase, the submarine's sections get flooded and men die, crewmen have nervous breakdowns and tensions grow between the commanding officers.A small experimental submersible, Snark, is brought in to assist with the rescue. Snark is very capable, but run by a U.S. Navy officer misfit, Captain Don Gates. The tiny submersible is the only hope for a rescue. Ultimately, the surviving members of the crew are rescued by the DSRV, thanks to Gates sacrificing himself by using the Snark to jam the Neptune in place as another gravity slide begins while the rescue is taking place. Moments later the gravity slide pushes the Neptune and the Snark off the ledge and into the ocean's abyss. The film ends with a somber Blanchard climbing out of the DSRV and being welcomed aboard the rescue ship USS Pigeon by Bennett and his officers.CastCharlton Heston as Captain Paul BlanchardDavid Carradine as Captain Don GatesStacy Keach as Captain Hal BennettNed Beatty as MickeyStephen McHattie as Lieutenant Danny MurphyRonny Cox as Commander David SamuelsonDorian Harewood as Lieutenant FowlerRosemary Forsyth as Vickie BlanchardHilly Hicks as HM3 PageCharles Cioffi as Vice Admiral Michael BarnesWilliam Jordan as WatersJack Rader as Chief HarknessMichael O'Keefe as RM2 HarrisCharlie Robinson as McAllisterChristopher Reeve as Lieutenant (JG) PhillipsMelendy Britt as Liz BennettLawrason Driscoll as Lieutenant BloomDavid Wilson as SK1 HansonRobert Symonds as Secretary of NavyTed Gehring as Admiral at Pentagon MeetingCharles Cyphers as LarsonWilliam Bryant as Admiral at Pentagon MeetingJeffrey Druce as Neptune Executive OfficerJames Davidson as Lt. Commander at SACLANTDavid Clennon as Neptune CrewmemberMichael Cavanaugh as P03 Peña (uncredited)Bob Harks as Radio Operator (uncredited)Robert Ito as Jim, Lieutenant at SACLANT (uncredited)Sandra De Bruin as Irma Barnes (uncredited)John Stuart West as Submariner (uncredited)ProductionEven though the submarine depicted in the movie is a Skate-class submarine, in the opening credits, footage of the real-life submarine USS Trout (SS-566) was filmed specifically for Gray Lady Down, depicting the fictional USS Neptune.  Gray Lady Down also re-used submarine special-effects footage and the large-scale submarine model originally used to portray the fictional submarine USS Tigerfish in the 1968 movie Ice Station Zebra to depict USS Neptune. The US Navy's USS Cayuga (LST-1186) appeared in the film as the fictional USS Nassau. The USS Pigeon (ASR-21) and her DSRV were prominently featured in the movie.See alsoA Fall of Moondust, 1961 science fiction novel about vehicle trapped under the lunar surface with similar plot elementsExternal linksGray Lady Down at IMDbGray Lady Down at Rotten TomatoesGray Lady Down at AllMoviePassage 5:Edmund GreyEdmund Grey or Gray is the name of:Edmund Grey (MP for Lynn) (died 1547), MP for LynnEdmund Grey (All My Children), fictional television character in U.S. soap opera, All My ChildrenEdmund Grey, 1st Earl of Kent (1416–1490), English noblemanEdmund Dwyer Gray (1845–1888), Home Rule League MP in the Parliament of the United Kingdom and newspaper proprietorEdmund Dwyer-Gray (1870–1945), his son, also a politician and newspaper proprietor, who became Premier of TasmaniaEdmund Gray (1878–1964), Australian politicianSee alsoEdward Gray (disambiguation)Edward Grey (disambiguation)Passage 6:Singapore DreamingSingapore Dreaming is a 2006 Singaporean drama film. It follows the Loh family, a typical Singaporean working-class family, through their aspirations and dreams for a better and affluent life and the reality that would make it difficult for them to fulfill these aspirations.The film is inspired by a 2000 Singaporean essay titled Paved with Good Intentions, that the writers of the film had written for the Singapore International Foundation. A concatenation of e-mails Singaporeans sent to writers Colin Goh and Woo Yen Yen on their life stories in relation to the Singaporean dream eventually led them to write, produce and direct Singapore Dreaming. The film stars Richard Low as Poh Huat, Alice Lim as Siew Luan, Serene Chen as Irene, Yeo Yann Yann as Mei, Lim Yu-Beng as CK and Dick Su as Seng.The film was theatrically released on 7 September 2006, and at one time ranked fifth on the Singaporean box office. It has been acclaimed as one of the best Singaporean films of the 2000s. It won the Montblanc New Screenwriters Award at the 54th San Sebastián International Film Festival, and was the first such Singaporean film to receive an IFFPA-recognised international feature film award. Owing to its nature as a local film, Singapore Dreaming received much attention from Singaporean viewers, film critics and public figures alike, including S. R. Nathan, the then President of Singapore. It has been praised by local critics as a relatable portrayal of working-class life in Singapore.PlotPoh Huat (Richard Low), the father of the Loh family, works as a lawyer's clerk. He is married to Siew Luan (Alice Lim), a housewife who likes to brew liang teh (herbal tea) for the family. Poh Huat has a habit of buying lottery tickets in hope of winning and enjoying a better life. He also keeps newspaper cuttings of car models and condominiums and stores them in a box in his room.The family has one son, Seng (Dick Su), and one daughter, Mei (Yeo Yann Yann). Despite Mei's superior academic performance, the family has consistently shown favouritism for Seng. Even though he was ostensibly the academically poorer sibling, dropping out of school in Secondary 3, his parents still chose to fund his overseas polytechnic education instead of furthering his sister's education. Seng is due to return after two years at Dubois Polytechnical University (at Idaho). To fund his overseas studies, he had to borrow extra money from his fiancée, Irene (Serene Chen), who stays with Seng's parents.Mei works as a secretary who maintains a friendly working relationship with her boss. She is due for delivery in two months' time, and for maternity leave in a month's time. Her husband, Chin Keong (Lim Yu-Beng), quit his job in the Singapore Armed Forces a month before and is now selling insurance, though unsuccessfully. He is therefore belittled by Mei. Even though they cannot afford it, they frequently go to a condominium showroom to take a look, revealing their aspirations for a more luxurious lifestyle.Seng returns from the United States. Tensions escalate in the family between Mei and Seng, due to the family's apparent favouritism for Seng. Seng goes for several job interviews, but is unsuccessful. He becomes immensely disappointed, and lies to his family about the sanguinity of his job prospects.Poh Huat strikes the Toto lottery, winning S$2 million, and the family is ecstatic. Seng decides that he wants to try starting a business. He gains his father's approval, who gives him effectively unlimited funding through a credit card. Seng also buys a car, without Irene's knowledge. Irene is infuriated when she learns Seng has been overspending without working first.Initially thrilled by his sudden elevation to the higher social class, Poh Huat dies suddenly of a heart attack while he was at a country club for a membership interview. Siew Luan goes into shock. At the funeral, Seng quarrels with Mei over the funeral expenses. Mei vents her anger on Chin Keong, who shows his displeasure by throwing the carton of drinks on the floor and storming off. Mei is called back to work one afternoon, even though she is still managing the funeral. Chin Keong expresses his


Passage 1:Steven TaylorSteven or Steve Taylor may refer to:Steve Taylor (missiologist) (born 1968), New Zealand theologianSteve Taylor (psychologist) (born1967), English author and lecturer in psychologySteven John Taylor, American singer and keyboardist for the band Rogue WaveSteve Taylor (politician) (born1956), American politician and Delaware state legislatorSteven W. Taylor (born 1949), American politician and Oklahoma Supreme Court justiceSteve Taylor(footballer) (born 1955), English footballer in The Football LeagueSteve Taylor (born 1957), American singer, songwriter and film directorSteve Taylor & ThePerfect Foil, a supergroup led by Steve TaylorSteven Taylor (cricketer, born 1963) (born 1963), English cricketerSteve Taylor (Canadian football) (born 1967),quarterbackSteven Taylor (American cricketer) (born 1993), American cricketerSteven Taylor (footballer) (born 1986), English footballerSteve Taylor, thenarrator for the YouTube channel KurzgesagtJohn Mahan (1851–1883), also known as Steve Taylor, Irish-born American bare-knuckle boxer and pugilistFictionalcharactersSteven Taylor (Doctor Who), one of the First Doctor's companionsSteve Taylor, a character in the 2008 British slasher movie Eden LakeSeealsoStephen Taylor (disambiguation)List of people with surname TaylorPassage 2:Steven ParkerSteven Parker may refer to:Steven Parker (defensive back) (born1995), American football playerSteven Parker, military police officer whose actions were the subject of the U.S. Supreme Court case Saucier v. KatzStevenParker, co-creator of the website NeowinSteven Christopher Parker (born 1989), actorSteven J. Parker (died 2009), Boston pediatrician and co-author of the 7thedition of The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child CareSee alsoStephen Parker (disambiguation)Steve Parker (disambiguation)Passage 3:Steven EllisStevenor Steve Ellis may refer to:Steve Ellis (comics) (born 1971), American comic book artist and illustratorSteve Ellis (musician) (born 1950), English singerSteve Ellis(literary scholar) (born 1952), British literary scholar and poetSteve Ellis (rower) (born 1968), British lightweight rowerSteven J. R. Ellis (born 1974), AustralianarchaeologistSee alsoStephen Ellis (disambiguation)Passage 4:Stephen GriffithsStephen or Steve Griffiths may refer to:Stephen Shaun Griffiths (born 1969),convicted of the Bradford murders in 2010Steve Griffiths (footballer) (1914–1998), English footballerSteve Griffiths (athlete) (born 1964), Jamaican sprinterSteveGriffiths (rugby union) (born 1973), English-born Scotland rugby union playerSteven Griffiths (born 1962), Australian politicianSteven Griffiths (cricketer) (born1973), English cricketerPassage 5:Stephen PalmerStephen or Steve Palmer is the name of: Steve Palmer (footballer) (born 1968), English footballerStephenPalmer (orienteer), British orienteerStephen Palmer, guitarist with The High StrungPassage 6:Steve BarancikSteve Barancik (born September 23, 1961, inChicago, Illinois) is a screenwriter whose first screenplay, Buffalo Girls, was filmed and released as The Last Seduction in 1994. The film premiered as an HBOmovie before going on shortly after to art house success. Actress Linda Fiorentino received notoriety for playing the movie's femme fatale, BridgetGregory/Wendy Kroy, and Barancik was nominated for an Edgar Allan Poe Award for best mystery/crime screenplay of 1994.Barancik received critical acclaim forhis screenplay for The Last Seduction. James Berardinelli called his dialogue "scintillating, often hilarious, and occasionally insightful", while Variety said hisdevelopment of the narrative "is very skillful and original". The Washington Post claimed it was "a viciously funny first screenplay" from Barancik, and KimNewman of Empire called his screenplay "superb". Barancik worked steadily in the industry but with little to show for it until receiving shared screenplay credit for2002's No Good Deed. He also received shared story credit for 2005's Domino. Barancik is also the founder and a regular performer in Monolog Cabin, a groupfeaturing writers performing comedic personal essays, which performs at Club Congress in Tucson, Arizona. He has developed a website devoted to the subject ofquality children's books and another to collecting the experiences of authors who have self-published.Passage 7:Steven RobertsSteven or Steve Roberts mayrefer to:Steven K. Roberts (born 1952), American journalist, writer, cyclist, archivist, and explorerSteven V. Roberts (born 1943), American journalist andwriterSteven Roberts (British Army soldier) (died 2003), first British soldier to die in the 2003 invasion of IraqSteve Roberts (American football) (born 1964),college football coach at Arkansas State UniversitySteve Roberts (comics), British comics artistSteve Roberts (drummer) (died 2022), British drummer (UKSubs)Steven Roberts (Missouri politician), Missouri State SenatorSee alsoStephen Roberts (disambiguation)Passage 8:Stephen ClarkStephen or Steve(n) Clark(e)may refer to:Arts and entertainmentStephen Carlton Clark (1882–1960), art collector and president of the Baseball Hall of FameSteve Clark (tap dancer)(1924–2017), member of the tap-dancing duo The Clark BrothersStephen Clarke (writer) (born 1958), British journalist and novelistSteve Clarke (drummer)(born 1959), British rock and heavy metal drummerSteve Clark (1960–1991), British guitarist for rock band Def LeppardStephen Clark (playwright), Britishplaywright, librettist and lyricistSteven A. Clark, American pop and R&B singer, active 2011–presentStephen Clark (musician), American bassist for heavy metalband DeafheavenSteve Clarke, British rock bassist for DumdumsSteve Clark (animator), animator and director of animated television seriesStephenClarke-Willson, video game and software developerSteve Clarke (EastEnders), fictional character in the British soap opera EastendersPoliticsStephen Clark (NewYork treasurer) (1792–?), New York State Treasurer 1856–1857Stephen D. Clark (1916–1997), Canadian politician, New BrunswickStephen P. Clark(1924–1996), Mayor of Miami, FloridaStephen R. Clark (born 1966), American federal judge from MissouriSteve Clark (Canadian politician) (born 1960), Canadianpolitician, OntarioSteve Clark (Arkansas politician), Arkansas Attorney GeneralSportsSteve Clark (swimmer) (born 1943), American swimmerStevan Clark (born1959), American football defensive endSteve Clark (American football, born 1960), American pro football tackleSteve Clark (defensive back) (born 1962),American football defensive backSteven Clark (Australian footballer) (1961–2005), VFL/AFL player for three clubsSteve Clarke (born 1963), Scottish footballplayer and managerStephen Clarke (swimmer) (born 1973), Canadian swimmerSteven Clark (English footballer) (born 1982), English footballerSteven Clark(cricketer) (born 1982), Leicestershire cricketerSteve Clark (soccer) (born 1986), American soccer playerSteven Clarke (gridiron football) (born 1991), Canadianfootball defensive backSteve Clark (referee), rugby refereeOthersStephen C. Clark (bishop) (1892–1950), bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of UtahStephen R. L.Clark (born 1945), British philosopherSteven Clarke (born 1949), biochemistStephen Clarke (archaeologist), Welsh archaeologistSee alsoStephen Clark Foster(1822–1898), mayor of New York CityStephen Clark Foster (Maine politician) (1799–1872), U.S. representative from MaineShooting of Stephon Clark, 2018shooting in Sacramento, California involving a man similarly named Stephon ClarkPassage 9:Helen CliftonHelen Clifton (née Ashman) (4 May 1948 – 14 June2011) was a British Salvation Army Commissioner. She spent her childhood in London, connected to the Edmonton Corps of The Salvation Army. She was ateacher before entering the International Training College at Denmark Hill, London, to become a full-time Officer of The Salvation Army. She married the 18thGeneral of The Salvation Army, Shaw Clifton, in 1967. He died in May 2023.She held a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) degree in English language and literature fromWestfield College, University of London and a Post-Graduate Certificate of Education from Goldsmiths’ College, University of London.External linksThe SalvationArmy international homepage Archived 2007-05-11 at the Wayback MachineGeneral Shaw Clifton and Commissioner Helen Clifton Archived 2017-04-25 at theWayback MachineWelcome and Dedication Meeting General Shaw Clifton and Commissioner Helen CliftonCliftons elected to leadCommissioner speaks out againsttraffickingDeath notice of Commissioner Helen Clifton Archived 2011-07-05 at the Wayback MachinePassage 10:Steven BakerSteven or Steve Baker is the nameof:SportsmenSteve Baker (baseball) (born 1956), major league pitcherSteve Baker (footballer, born 1962), English footballerSteve Baker (footballer, born 1978),English footballerSteve Baker (ice hockey) (born 1957), American ice hockey goaltenderSteve Baker (motorcyclist) (born 1952), former Grand Prix motorcycleroad racerSteve Baker (speedway rider), Australian motorcycle speedway riderSteven Baker (American football), American football player with the St. LouisRamsSteven Baker (Australian footballer) (born 1980), Australian rules footballerSteven Baker (figure skater), Croatian figure skater, winner of the Golden Bearof ZagrebOthersSteve Baker, designer of the Space Crusade boardgameSteve Baker (illusionist) (1938–2017), American comedian, magician and escapeartistSteve Baker (politician) (born 1971), British Conservative Party MP for WycombeSteven Baker (producer) (born 1976), Australian arranger, orchestrator andrecord producerSee alsoStephen Baker (disambiguation)