Passage 1:Hell and Mr. FudgeHell and Mr. Fudge is a 2012 American drama film directed by Jeff Wood and written by Donald Davenport. Based on a true story, the film stars Mackenzie Astin as Edward Fudge, a real life Alabama preacher who has been hired to determine the nature of hell. The real life Fudge is best known for his book The Fire That Consumes, in which he argues against the immortal soul and eternal torment in hell.CastMackenzie Astin as Edward FudgeCody Sullivan as young EdwardKeri Lynn Pratt as Sara FudgeJohn Wesley Shipp as Bennie Lee FudgeEileen Davidson as Sibyl FudgeWes Robertson as Joe MarkTrevor Allen Martin as young JoeHelen Ingebritsen as Mrs. HerneChristian Fortune as Davy HollisSean McGowan as Don HalowayTom Hillmann as Simon ClarageProductionFilming took place in Athens, Alabama in June and July 2011. The film had a scheduled release date of "first quarter 2012". Fudge cooperated in the film's development.ReceptionIn April 2012, the film received a Platinum award in the "Christian theatrical feature film" category at the Worldfest-Houston International Film Festival. The film's producers subsequently sought a distributor for a wider release.Passage 2:Yes or NoYes or No  or Yes/No may refer to:Yes and no in EnglishYes–no question, a form of question which can normally be answered using a simple "yes" or "no"Film and TVYes or No?, a 1920 silent filmYes or No (film), a 2010 Thai romantic filmYes or No (game show), a version of Deal or No Deal airing in South KoreaYes or No (TV series), (  ) a Tamil-language talent game show in India"Yes/No" (Glee)", an episode of Glee"Yes or No, Tsunade's answer" ("YESNO!"), a season four episode of the anime series Naruto (see list of Naruto episodes)MusicAlbumsYes/No, a 2012 EP by Fake BloodYes, No (T-Square album), 1988Songs"Yes/No" (Banky W. song), 2012"Yes or No" (song), by The Go-Go's"Yes or No" by Wayne Shorter from the 1965 album JuJu"Yes or No", song by Tommy SeebachOther uses"Yes" or "No" the Guide to Better Decisions a book by Spencer JohnsonSee alsoYes and no (disambiguation)Passage 3:Yes or YesYes or Yes (stylized as YES or YES) is the sixth extended play by the South Korean girl group Twice. It was released on November 5, 2018, by JYP Entertainment and distributed by Iriver. It contains seven tracks, including the lead single of the same name and the Korean version of "BDZ". Twice members Jeongyeon, Chaeyoung and Jihyo took part in writing lyrics for three songs on the EP.The album became a commercial success for the group, topping the Gaon Album Chart and becoming Twice's first Korean album to top Japan's Oricon Album Chart. It recorded over 300,000 copies sold, and with its release, Twice reached an accumulated number of over 3 million albums sold in South Korea. A reissue, titled The Year of "Yes", was released on December 12, 2018.Background and releaseIn early October 2018, advertisements with the phrase "Do you like Twice? Yes or Yes" (Korean: " ? YES or YES") were put up on subway billboards, drawing attention online. On October 11, JYP Entertainment confirmed that Twice planned to release a third Korean album that year on November 5. Yes or Yes was revealed as the album's title on October 20 and a special video commemorating Twice's third anniversary contained a short clip of the album's lead single of the same name.Twice released their first group teaser photo regarding their comeback on October 23. On October 24, individual teaser posters featuring Nayeon, Jeongyeon, and Momo were uploaded. A track list image for the album's eponymous title track was also posted, revealing that it was written by Sim Eun-jee, who previously worked with Twice as a songwriter for "Knock Knock". On October 25, individual teaser photos featuring Sana, Jihyo, and Mina were posted by the group. On the same day, a second track list image for the album was posted, revealing the titles of three songs written by Twice members: "LaLaLa" penned by Jeongyeon, "Young & Wild" co-written by Chaeyoung, and " Sunset" being written by Jihyo. On October 26, individual teaser photos featuring Dahyun, Chaeyoung, and Tzuyu were uploaded. A third track list image unveiling additional details about the album was also posted, revealing seven songs in total.On October 27, a second group teaser photo was released by Twice. On October 28, a second set of individual teaser photos featuring each member was uploaded. Twice then revealed their first music video teaser for "Yes or Yes" on October 29. On October 30, Twice unveiled their third group teaser poster. The following day, the group released the second music video teaser for the album's title track, revealing their opening choreography. A full preview of the album's contents was revealed by the group on November 1. On November 2, Twice uploaded their third music video teaser, revealing more of their choreography and opening verse. More parts of the lead track's opening verse was revealed by the group on November 3. A highlight medley featuring snippets from all of the album's tracks was uploaded on November 4.Yes or Yes alongside its eponymous lead single was officially released on November 5, with Twice holding their live showcase at the KBS Arena Hall in Hwagok-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul.CompositionYes or Yes is an EP consisting of seven tracks. The title track "Yes or Yes" was composed by David Amber and Andy Love, with Korean lyrics by Sim Eun-jee. Amber previously co-composed "Heart Shaker" and Sim Eun-jee co-wrote lyrics for "Knock Knock". "Yes or Yes" was described as a bright and lively "color pop" song in the synth-pop genre with influences from Motown, reggae and arena pop. Lyrically, it is about only being able to reply "yes" to a confession of love."Say You Love Me" is an upbeat song which lyrically describes the feeling of one who is admitting to their romantic interest and waiting for their reply. "LaLaLa" is written by Jeongyeon, and is described as a "quintessential love song". "Young & Wild" is penned by Chaeyoung and lyrically talks about self-confidence. "Sunset", written by Jihyo, features a mono-speaker sound effect with its lyrics comparing one's romantic interest to a sunset. "After Moon" is classified as a ballad track. The album's final track is the Korean version of "BDZ" from their Japanese album BDZ.PromotionTwo days before the album's release, Twice appeared on the television show Knowing Bros and performed part of "Yes or Yes" for the first time. The group held a showcase for the album on November 5, 2018, at the KBS Arena Hall in Gangseo-gu, Seoul. The first televised performance of "Yes or Yes" was at the 2018 MBC Plus X Genie Music Awards on November 6. Twice also appeared on Idol Room as part of the promotion for the album.The group promoted the album on several Korean music show programs, first performing the title track and "BDZ" on M Countdown on November 8. They also performed on KBS2's Music Bank on November 9 and 23, SBS' Inkigayo on November 11, MBC M's Show Champion on November 14, and MBC's Show! Music Core on November 17. The title track "Yes or Yes" garnered a total of four music show wins, first getting a win on Show Champion on November 14. It received a music show win on M!Countdown and Inkigayo, and achieved its fourth win on Show Champion for the second week.Twice also performed "Yes or Yes" at the 39th Blue Dragon Film Awards held on November 23.Commercial performanceFollowing the release of Yes or Yes, the lead single achieved an 'all-kill' by topping the real-time rankings on Melon, Mnet, Naver, Genie, Olle, Soribada, and Bugs. The EP also reached the top of 17 iTunes Album charts. Additionally, all seven tracks from the mini-album charted in the top 7 of Japan's Line Music charts.  In South Korea, the album topped the Gaon Album Chart and the title track topped the Gaon Digital Chart after the first week of its release. Yes or Yes was Twice's first Korean album to rank number 1 on Japan's Oricon Albums Chart and Digital Albums Chart. On November 11, Yes or Yes received a Platinum certification from Gaon for reaching sales of over 250,000 copies. The album then ranked at number three on the Monthly Gaon Album Chart for the month of November, recording 322,803 copies sold.With the release of Yes or Yes, Twice reached an accumulated number of over 3 million albums sold in South Korea, achieving the feat within three years of their career.Track listingContent productionCredits adapted from album liner notes.LocationsPersonnelChartsCertificationsAccoladesPassage 4:Yes or No (film)Yes or No (Thai:  , romanized: Yak Rak Ko Rak Loei; literally "Let's Love As We Wish") is a 2010 Thai romantic comedy-drama film directed by Sarasawadee Wongsompetch, starring Sucharat "Aom" Manaying and Suppanad "Tina" Jitaleela. It is the first lesbian-genre film from Thailand with a "tom" (i.e. butch) lead character.PlotPie comes from an upper middle class Thai family that adheres to traditional thought and customs, including the very vocal disapproval of homosexuality. Kim, on the other hand, carries herself with  deliberate masculinity that defies convention and intimidates Pie upon first encounter, so much so that she immediately requests a roommate change which the college promptly denies.Pie is reluctant to converse or interact with her roommate so she takes tape and   draws boundaries in the room to separate her space from Kim's to avoid as much contact as possible. On the first day of class, Kim by chance meets Jane, who is seen still crying after her breakup. Kim offers her a handkerchief and Jane immediately gets smitten by her. Later that week, Jane walks into Pie and Kim's room and is embarrassed and shocked to see Kim. She immediately walks out, then comes back in and drags Pie out in the hallway. Jane confesses that Kim is the girl she has fallen for and uses Pie to get an introduction and thus begins her chase for Kim.Despite how hard Pie tries to ignore or discourage Kim, the two begin to intermingle when Kim cooks and shares with Pie and the two have a short conversation together. One day Kim receives a package from her father's worker and is told to deliver to Aunt In. She asks Pie to help her get there but Pie hurriedly turns her down and gives her fast directions before walking away. Night time falls and Kim is seen sitting near a lake, completely lost. Pie finds her and offers her to take her to Aunt In but only as a thank you for the food.That starts a series of moments where the two begin to spend increasingly more time together and soon those “boundary lines” disappear and Pie finds herself drifting away from her then boyfriend, to Kim. The two share many sweet moments, most notably, when  Kim took Pie to the park to help her record information for school. The two share a lollipop and Kim in a roundabout way, confesses her attraction to Pie. The latter does not reply but she is seen smiling.But as Pie's feelings grow, so do those of Jane for Kim, and of P'van for Pie. Because Pie has yet to accept that she may have feelings for Kim, and Kim is reluctant to confess, this triggers mutual jealousy and sadness. When P'van unexpectedly pops up at the school to take Pie out, she tries to turn him down but Jane comes along and invites herself and forces Kim and Pie to accept his offer. During their time together, Pie gets visibly upset at how close Jane is to Kim and tries various times to either make Kim


Passage 1:John Farrell (businessman)John Farrell is the director of YouTube in Latin America.EducationFarrell holds a joint MBA degree from the University ofTexas at Austin and Instituto Tecnologico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM).CareerHis business career began at Skytel, and later at Iridium as head ofBusiness Development, in Washington DC, where he supported the design and launched the first satellite location service in the world and establishedinternational distribution agreements.He co-founded Adetel, the first company to provide internet access to residential communities and businesses in Mexico.After becoming General Manager of Adetel, he developed a partnership with TV Azteca in order to create the first internet access prepaid card in the countryknown as the ToditoCard.  Later in his career, John Farrell worked for Televisa in Mexico City as Director of Business Development for Esmas.com. There heestablished a strategic alliance with a leading telecommunications provider to launch co-branded Internet and telephone services. He also led initial efforts tolaunch social networking services, leveraging Televisa’s content and media channels.GoogleFarrel joined Google in 2004 as Director of Business Development forAsia and Latin America. On April 7, 2008, he was promoted to the position of General Manager for Google Mexico, replacing Alonso Gonzalo. He is now director ofYouTube in Latin America, responsible for developing audiences, managing partnerships and growing Google’s video display business. John is also part of Google’sLatin America leadership management team and contributes to Google’s strategy in the region. He is Vice President of the IAB (Interactive Advertising Bureau), amember of the AMIPCI (Mexican Internet Association) Advisory Board, an active Endeavor mentor, and member of YPO.Passage 2:John DonatichJohn Donatich isthe Director of Yale University Press.Early lifeHe received a BA from New York University in 1982, graduating magna cum laude. He also got a master's degreefrom NYU in 1984, graduating summa cum laude.CareerDonatich worked as director of National Accounts at Putnam Publishing Group from 1989 to 1992.Hiswriting has appeared in various periodicals including Harper's, The Atlantic Monthly and The Village Voice.He worked at HarperCollins from 1992 to 1996, servingas director of national accounts and then as vice president and director of product and marketing development.From 1995 to 2003, Donatich served as publisherand vice president of Basic Books. While there, he started the Art of Mentoring series of books, which would run from 2001 to 2008.  While at Basic Books,Donatich published such authors as Christopher Hitchens, Steven Pinker, Samantha Power, Alan Dershowitz, Sir Martin Rees and Richard Florida.In 2003,Donatich became the director of the Yale University Press.  At Yale, Donatich published such authors as Michael Walzer, Janet Malcolm, E. H. Gombrich, MichaelFried, Edmund Morgan and T. J.  Clark.  Donatich began the Margellos World Republic of Letters, a literature in translation series that published such authors asAdonis, Norman Manea and Claudio Magris. He also launched the digital archive platform, The Stalin Digital Archive and the Encounters Chinese Languagemultimedia platform.In 2009, he briefly gained media attention when he was involved in the decision to expunge the Muhammad cartoons from the YaleUniversity Press book The Cartoons that Shook the World, for fear of Muslim violence.He is the author of a memoir, Ambivalence, a Love Story, and a novel, TheVariations.BooksAmbivalence, a Love Story: Portrait of a Marriage (memoir), St. Martin's Press, 2005.The Variations (novel), Henry Holt, March, 2012ArticlesWhyBooks Still Matter, Journal of Scholarly Publishing, Volume 40, Number 4, July 2009, pp. 329–342, E-ISSN 1710-1166 Print ISSN 1198-9742Personal lifeDonatichis married to Betsy Lerner, a literary agent and author; together they have a daughter, Raffaella.Passage 3:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director of film,television and theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films. Some of his televisionseries credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Orderand Judging Amy.Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A KillerAmong Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films. He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received anEmmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions. He costarred with SusanStrasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army. He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University.Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company. He also co-founded theoff-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact TheatreCompany.Passage 4:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editoronly)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990)(mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation!(2008) (documentary)The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)Passage 5:Mrs. Gibbons' Boys (film)Mrs. Gibbons' Boys is a black and white 1962 British comedy filmdirected by Max Varnel and starring Kathleen Harrison, Lionel Jeffries and Diana Dors. It is based on the play Mrs. Gibbons' Boys by Joseph Stein and WillGlickman; and was released in the UK as the bottom half of a double bill with Constantine and the Cross (1961).PlotAn ageing widow finally finds new love andhappiness; but matters are complicated when her two convict sons escape from prison and beg her to hide them.CastKathleen Harrison as Mrs GibbonsLionelJeffries as Lester GibbonsDiana Dors as MyraJohn Le Mesurier as ColeFrederick Bartman as Mike GibbonsDavid Lodge a sFrank GibbonsDick Emery asWoodrowEric Pohlmann as MorelliWilliam Kerwin as MatthewMilo O'Shea as HorsePeter Hempson as RonniePenny Morrell as  PearlNancy Nevinson as MrsMorelliMark Singleton as PCTony Hilton as Dustcart driverProductionDiana Dors was living in Los Angeles but returned to England to make the film.Passage 6:LisaJakubLisa Jakub () (born December 27, 1978) is a Canadian writer, yoga teacher, and former actress. She is best known for her roles as Lydia Hillard in thecomedy-drama film Mrs. Doubtfire (1993) and as Alicia Casse in Independence Day (1996).Childhood and educationJakub was born on December 27, 1978, inToronto, Ontario. She is of Slovak (father) and Welsh and Scottish (mother) descent. She attended multiple schools in her early life, including Hillfield StrathallanCollege.Jakub graduated from the University of Virginia with a degree in Sociology in 2010.ActingJakub's first role was as Katis' Granddaughter in the 1985 filmEleni. She appeared in comedy-drama film Mrs. Doubtfire (1993) alongside Mara Wilson, Sally Field, Matthew Lawrence, and Robin Williams. When Jakub receivedthe part of Lydia in Mrs. Doubtfire, her high school expelled her for accruing too many absences. Robin Williams wrote a letter to Jakub's high school, pleadingwith them to re-admit Jakub but this was unsuccessful.She played Sandra in Matinee (1993), appeared in A Pig's Tale (1994) and Independence Day (1996), TheBeautician and the Beast (1997), and played the "inspiration" for Princess Leia in the short film George Lucas in Love (1999). She starred in Picture Perfect(1995), and portrayed a bordello worker in the American Old West in Painted Angels (1997).Personal lifeAfter retiring from acting in 2001 at the age of 22, Jakubmoved to Virginia and married her longtime best friend, former Hollywood theater manager Jeremy Jones, in 2005. She has publicly stated that she has no plansto return to acting. Jakub later became a writer, authoring two books called You Look Like That Girl (2015) and Not Just Me (2017) and regularly contributes toonline blogs. Jakub is also a qualified Kripalu yoga teacher. She has openly discussed her battles with anxiety, depression and panic attacks, which she hassuffered from since her teenage years and credits her yoga practice in helping her overcome her battles. In 2021, Lisa launched a new website, BlueMala, whichshe described as the resource that she wished she had when she was in her darkest moments. The website contains her articles on mental wellness along withher yoga and meditation videos.WritingsYou Look Like That Girl: A Child Actor Stops Pretending and Finally Grows Up (2015)Not Just Me: Anxiety, Depression,and Learning to Embrace Your Weird (2017)(Don't) Call Me Crazy (contributing writer) (Algonquin, 2018)FilmographyFilmTelevisionPassage 7:DanaBlanksteinDana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School. She was appointed by the boardof directors  in November 2019.  Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television. She is a film director, and an Israeli cultureentrepreneur.BiographyDana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatre director Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein. She moved to Israelin 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv.Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with high honors. During her studiesshe worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina's Tragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners.  She also directed and shot'the making of' film on Gavison's film Lost and Found. Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival, 2007.Film and academiccareerAfter her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and television department at the Kfar Saba municipality. The department encouraged and promotedproductions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educational community activities.Blankstein directed the mini-series"Tel Aviviot" (2012). From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television.In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed thenew director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees the Sam Spiegel International Film Lab. In 2022, she spearheaded the launchof the new Series Lab and the film preparatory program for Arabic speakers in east Jerusalem.FilmographyTel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)Growing Pains(graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)Camping (debut film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)Passage 8:MichaelGovanMichael Govan (born 1963) is the director of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Prior to his current position, Govan worked as the director of the Dia


Passage 1:Jason Moore (director)Jason Moore (born October 22, 1970) is an American director of film, theatre and television.Life and careerJason Moore was bornin Fayetteville, Arkansas, and studied at Northwestern University. Moore's Broadway career began as a resident director of Les Misérables at the Imperial Theatrein during its original run. He is the son of Fayetteville District Judge Rudy Moore.In March 2003, Moore directed the musical Avenue Q, which openedOff-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatre and then moved to Broadway at the John Golden Theatre in July 2003.  He was nominated for a 2004 Tony Award for hisdirection. Moore also directed productions of the musical in Las Vegas and London and the show's national tour. Moore directed the 2005 Broadway revival ofSteel Magnolias and Shrek the Musical, starring Brian d'Arcy James and Sutton Foster which opened on Broadway in 2008. He directed the concert of JerrySpringer — The Opera at Carnegie Hall in January 2008.Moore, Jeff Whitty, Jake Shears, and John "JJ" Garden worked together on a new musical based onArmistead Maupin's Tales of the City. The musical premiered at the American Conservatory Theater, San Francisco, California in May 2011 and ran through July2011.For television, Moore has directed episodes of Dawson's Creek, One Tree Hill, Everwood, and Brothers & Sisters. As a writer, Moore adapted the play TheFloatplane Notebooks with Paul Fitzgerald from the novel by Clyde Edgerton. A staged reading of the play was presented at the New Play Festival at the Charlotte,North Carolina Repertory Theatre in 1996, with a fully staged production in 1998.In 2012, Moore made his film directorial debut with Pitch Perfect, starring AnnaKendrick and Brittany Snow. He also served as an executive producer on the sequel. He directed the film Sisters, starring Tina Fey and Amy Poehler, which wasreleased on December 18, 2015. Moore's next project will be directing a live action Archie movie.FilmographyFilmsPitch Perfect (2012)Sisters (2015)ShotgunWedding (2022)TelevisionSoundtrack writerPitch Perfect 2 (2015) (Also executive producer)The Voice (2015) (1 episode)Passage 2:Peter LevinPeter Levin is anAmerican director of film, television and theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films.Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney& Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), PopeyeDoyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films. He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, forwhich she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions. Hecostarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army. He trained at the CarnegieMellon University. Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company. He alsoco-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The InteractTheatre Company.Passage 3:The Seventh Company OutdoorsThe Seventh Company Outdoors (French: La Septième Compagnie au clair de lune) is a 1977 Frenchcomedy film directed by Robert Lamoureux. It is a sequel to Now Where Did the 7th Company Get to?.CastJean Lefebvre - PithivierPierre Mondy - ChaudardHenriGuybet - TassinPatricia Karim - Suzanne ChaudardGérard Hérold - Le commandant GillesGérard Jugnot - GorgetonJean Carmet - M. Albert, le passeurAndréPousse - LambertMichel BertoPassage 4:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director whohas worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months,resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States afterleaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career in IrelandKennedy was born inDublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both arthistory and history.He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester BeattyLibrary (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was AssistantDirector at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of theCouncil of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003. In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery ofAustralia (NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad,increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years ofthe museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions.During hisdirectorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship. However, the initialdesign for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was notdelivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later.  Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art,including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museumby acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; andthe Australian Print Workshop Archive. He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King EdwardTerrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above).Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGAfrom 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too closeto the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor. However, there were other exhibitionsat the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging toCharles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn. Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which usedelephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous. The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was"Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion." In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events inNew York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art". He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far."Kennedywas also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA'soccupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system. The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003.Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors.He becamea joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003.Toledo Museum of ArtThe Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintingsand sculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke. The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in thefield of art education.  During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read,understand and write visual language."   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of awebsite, www.vislit.org. In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so.Kennedy has been a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy.Kennedy has expressed an interest inexpanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples. Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy andMary Sibande have been acquired.  In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano.During histenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exportedprior being sold to the museum.  In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), anIndian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015.Hood Museum of ArtKennedy became Director of the Hood Museum ofArt in July 2005. During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bringgreater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions. At 70,000objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus. The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, andIdeologies of the African Body, toured several US venues. Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storagefor classes annually. Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu:Forest of Stone Steles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular


Passage 1:Fred M. Wilcox (director)Fred McLeod Wilcox (December 22, 1907 – September 23, 1964) was an American motion picture director. He worked forMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer for many years  and is best remembered for directing Lassie Come Home (1943) and Forbidden Planet (1956). These films were entered inthe National Film Preservation Board's National Film Registry in 1993 and 2013 respectively.FilmographyJoaquin Murrieta (1938)Lassie Come Home(1943)Courage of Lassie (1946)Three Daring Daughters (1948)Hills of Home (1948)The Secret Garden (1949)Shadow in the Sky (1952)Code Two(1953)Tennessee Champ (1954)Forbidden Planet (1956)I Passed for White (1960)External linksFred M. Wilcox at IMDbPassage 2:Dan RhodesDan Rhodes (born1972) is an English writer known for the novel Timoleon Vieta Come Home (2003), a subversion of the popular Lassie Come Home movie. He is also the author ofAnthropology (2000), a collection of 101 stories, each consisting of exactly 101 words. In 2010 he was awarded the E. M. Forster Award.BiographyRhodes grewup in Devon, and graduated in Humanities from the University of Glamorgan (now the University of South Wales) in 1994, returning in 1997 to complete an MA inCreative Writing. Don't Tell Me the Truth About Love was written at this time. He has held a variety of jobs, including stockroom assistant for Waterstone's,barman in his parents' pub, and a teacher in Ho Chi Minh City. He has also worked on a fruit and vegetable farm and is still employed as a postman.Following thepublication of his second book, Rhodes's frustration with the publishing industry led him to announce his retirement from writing, though he later said, "I haven'treally given up. I'm certainly not making any more grand pronouncements. I was just sick of the business and wanted out. Not just the publishers; everyonearound me."Rhodes was included on Granta's Best of Young British Novelists list in 2003, to his own bemusement and frustration, partly because of Granta'sselection methods ("It's one thing to judge a writer by stuff they've written, but to judge them on stuff they're going to write is lunacy") but also because some ofthe others on the list failed to respond to his request to sign a joint statement protesting the Iraq War.In 2014, Rhodes self-published the novel When theProfessor Got Stuck in the Snow, a "rural farce" about a visit to an obscure English village by a fictional Richard Dawkins, stating that he wanted to get the bookout faster than conventional publishing allowed. Traditional publishers were loath to publish the novel for fear of legal action from Professor Richard Dawkins, whois parodied in it. Rhodes appealed repeatedly to Dawkins, a defender of satire and free speech, for permission to "publish and be damned" but received noresponse. The novel was republished by Aardvark Bureau in October 2015.In 2021, Lightning Books published his novel Sour Grapes, a satire on the literary worldset at a rural book festival.Rhodes is married with two children.BibliographyCollectionsAnthropology: And a Hundred Other Stories (2000) ISBN1-84195-614-7Don't Tell Me the Truth About Love (2001) ISBN 1-84195-613-9Marry Me (2013) ISBN 0-85786-849-7NovelsTimoleon Vieta Come Home (2003)ISBN 1-84195-481-0The Little White Car (under the pen name Danuta de Rhodes) (2004) ISBN 1-84195-528-0Gold (2007) ISBN 978-1-84195-953-5Little HandsClapping (2010) ISBN 1-84767-529-8This Is Life (2012) ISBN 0-85786-245-6When the Professor Got Stuck in the Snow (2014, self-published limited edition;2015 formal publication by Aardvark Bureau) ISBN 9781910709016Sour Grapes (2021) ISBN 9781785632921Passage 3:Prairie ThunderPrairie Thunder is a 1937American Western film directed by B. Reeves Eason and written by Ed Earl Repp. The film stars Dick Foran, Janet Shaw, Frank Orth, Wilfred Lucas, Albert J. Smithand Yakima Canutt. The film was released by Warner Bros. on September 11, 1937. It was the last of 12 B-westerns Foran made for Warners as a singing cowboy(as he was often billed) from 1935 to 1937.PlotIn the Old West, a telegraph line is coming to Buffalo Creek, where general store owner Nate Temple lives withdaughter, Joan. Joan is courting Rod Farrell, a scout for the Union Army. Rod is ordered to investigate a break in the telegraph line, along with sidekick, Wichita, aUnion soldier. Rod finds the break in the line in Indian territory and repairs it. Rod suspects a white man assisted the local Indian tribe in sabotaging the line. Rodand Wichita ride up on an Indian camp. The Indian chief, High Wolf, tells Rod the Indians intend to make war because the railroad and the telegraph coming tothe region have depleted the buffalo population. High Wolf confirms a white man, who he will not name, is the only friend to his tribe. Rod and Wichita discover aman named Lynch and his gang are supplying the Indians with weapons and ammunition in exchange for the Indians hijacking supply trains. Rod and Wichitabreach the gang's hideout, take Lynch and his gang into custody, hold them at Temple's store, and telegraph the cavalry for help. Rod rides off with Joan whileWichita guards the gang. Matson, one of Lynch's men not arrested, tells High Wolf of the gang's arrest, and a slew of Indian braves invade Buffalo Creekterrorizing the town with gunfire. Rod and Joan, hearing the gunfire, head toward town. Matson and High Wolf free the gang and Lynch orders the Indians to burnthe town. Lynch intercepts Rod and Joan. Rod is taken to the Indian camp. Joan is taken to Lynch's hideout. Wichita overhears Lynch and sneaks into the Indiancamp where Rod is tied to a stake to be burned. Lynch also arrives at the camp telling High Wolf to strike the railroad workers camp. Wichita, dressed as anIndian, frees Rod and the pair head for Lynch's hideout where they rescue Joan, then head to the railroad construction camp with the Indians in pursuit. Thecitizens of Buffalo Creek, now displaced after the town was burned, fortify their wagons on the outskirts of town and a gunfight ensues as the Indians arrive. Rod,Wichita and Joan join in the fight. The cavalry arrives and the Indians retreat. High Wolf is shot and Rod subdues Lynch. Rod is awarded a congressional medaland promoted to colonel. Rod and Joan ride off as Rod sings "The Prairie Is My Home."CastDick Foran as Rod FarrellJanet Shaw as Joan TempleFrank Orth asWichitaWilfred Lucas as Nate TempleAlbert J. Smith as LynchYakima Canutt as High WolfGeorge Chesebro as MatsonSlim Whitaker as Indian FighterJ. P.McGowan as Colonel StantonJohn Harron as Lieutenant AdamsJack Mower as PortlandHenry Otho as ChrisPaul Panzer as JedPassage 4:Gypsy ColtGypsy Colt is a1954 American drama film directed by Andrew Marton and starring Donna Corcoran, Ward Bond and Frances Dee. Shot in Ansco Color, it was produced anddistributed by Hollywood studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The film's basic plot was taken from Lassie Come Home with the focus changed from a dog to theeponymous horse.A 60-minute version of Gypsy Colt was made available in 1967 as part of the weekly TV anthology Off to See the Wizard.PlotA young girl, Meg(Donna Corcoran), is disheartened when her parents Frank (Ward Bond) and Em MacWade (Frances Dee) are forced to sell Gypsy Colt, her favorite horse, to arancher. Gypsy Colt escapes several times, ultimately taking a 500-mile journey to return to his rightful owner.CastDonna Corcoran as MegWard Bond asFrankFrances Dee as EmLee Van Cleef as HankLarry Keating as Wade Y. GeraldNacho Galindo as PanchoRodolfo Hoyos Jr. as RodolfoPeggy Maley as PatRobertHyatt as Phil Gerald (as Bobby Hyatt)Highland Dale as Gypsy, the HorseReceptionAccording to MGM records, the movie earned $721,000 in the U.S. and Canadaand $704,000 in other markets, making a profit of $259,000.Comic book adaptationDell Four Color #568 (June 1954)Passage 5:Abhishek SaxenaAbhishekSaxena is an Indian Bollywood and Punjabi film director who directed the movie Phullu. The Phullu movie was released in theaters on 16 June 2017, in which filmSharib Hashmi is the lead role. Apart from these, he has also directed Patiala Dreamz, this is a Punjabi film. This film was screened in cinemas in 2014.Life andbackgroundAbhishek Saxena was born on 19 September 1988 in the capital of India, Delhi, whose father's name is Mukesh Kumar Saxena. Abhishek Saxenamarried Ambica Sharma Saxena on 18 December 2014. His mother's name is Gurpreet Kaur Saxena.Saxena started his career with a Punjabi film Patiala Dreamz,after which he has also directed a Hindi film Phullu, which has appeared in Indian cinemas on 16 June 2017.CareerAbhishek Saxena made his film debut in 2011as an assistant director on Doordarshan with Ashok Gaikwad. He made his first directed film Patiala Dreamz, this is a Punjabi movie.After this, he has alsodirected a Hindi film Phullu in 2017, which has been screened in cinemas on 16 June 2017. Saxena is now making his upcoming movie "India Gate".In 2018Abhishek Saxena has come up with topic of body-shaming in his upcoming movie Saroj ka Rishta. Where Sanah Kapoor will play the role of Saroj and actorsRandeep Rai and Gaurav Pandey will play the two men in Saroj's life.Yeh Un Dinon ki Baat Hai lead Randeep Rai will make his Bollywood debut. Talking about thefilm, director Abhishek Saxena told Mumbai Mirror, "As a fat person, I have noticed that body-shaming doesn’t happen only with those who are on the heavierside, but also with thin people. The idea germinated from there."Career as an Assistant DirectorApart from this, he has played the role of assistant director inmany films and serials in the beginning of his career, in which he has a television serial in 2011, Doordarshan, as well as in 2011, he also assisted in a serial ofStar Plus.In addition to these serials, he played the role of assistant director in the movie "Girgit" which was made in Telugu language.FilmographyAsDirectorPassage 6:Rich GosselinRichmond "Rich" Gosselin (born April 25, 1956) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who played in the WorldHockey Association (WHA) and the Swiss-A League. He was drafted in the seventh round of the 1976 NHL Amateur Draft by the Montreal Canadiens. Gosselinplayed three games with the Winnipeg Jets during the 1978–79 WHA season, after which he went overseas to play in Switzerland.Gosselin served as a head coachin various European leagues after his playing career ended. In Manitoba, he has coached the Eastman Midget 'AAA' Selects, South East Prairie Thunder, andSteinbach Pistons junior hockey team.  Gosselin coached the Prairie Thunder to a second-place finish at the 2009 Allan Cup.Passage 7:Eric KnightEric MowbrayKnight (10 April 1897 – 15 January 1943) was an English novelist and screenwriter, who is mainly known for his 1940 novel Lassie Come-Home, which introducedthe fictional collie Lassie.  He took American citizenship in 1942 shortly before his death.BiographyBorn in Menston, West Riding of Yorkshire, Knight was theyoungest of three sons born to Marion Hilda (née Creasser) and Frederic Harrison Knight, both Quakers. His father was a rich diamond merchant who, when Ericwas two years old, was killed during the Boer War. His mother then moved to St. Petersburg, Imperial Russia, to work as a governess for the imperial family. The


Passage 1:Gaius Julius AquilaGaius Julius Aquila was the name of a number of people who lived during the Roman Empire.Prefect of EgyptGaius Julius Aquila was a praefectus of Roman Egypt between 10 CE and 11.Governor of Bythinia et PontusGaius Julius Aquila was a Roman knight, stationed with a few cohorts, in 45 CE, to protect Tiberius Julius Cotys I, king of the Bosporan Kingdom, who had received the sovereignty after the expulsion of Tiberius Julius Mithridates. In the same year, Aquila obtained the praetorian insignia. He also erected a monument honouring the emperor Claudius in Asia Minor (modern Turkey) known as the Kuşkayası Monument.Passage 2:Maximus of TyreMaximus of Tyre (Greek: Μάξιμος Τύριος; fl. late 2nd century AD), also known as Cassius Maximus Tyrius, was a Greek rhetorician and philosopher who lived in the time of the Antonines and Commodus, and who belongs to the trend of the Second Sophistic.  His writings contain many allusions to the history of Greece, while there is little reference to Rome; hence it is inferred that he lived longer in Greece, perhaps as a professor at Athens. Although nominally a Platonist, he is really a sophist rather than a philosopher, although he is still considered one of the precursors of Neoplatonism.WritingsThe DissertationsThere exist 41 essays or discourses on theological, ethical, and other philosophical subjects, collected into a work called The Dissertations. The central theme is God as the supreme being, one and indivisible though called by many names, accessible to reason alone:In such a mighty contest, sedition and discord, you will see one according law and assertion in all the earth, that there is one God, the king and father of all things, and many gods, sons of God, ruling together with him.As animals form the intermediate stage between plants and human beings, so there exist intermediaries between God and man, viz. daemons, who dwell on the confines of heaven and earth. The soul in many ways bears a great resemblance to the divinity; it is partly mortal, partly immortal, and, when freed from the fetters of the body, becomes a daemon. Life is the sleep of the soul, from which it awakes at death. The style of Maximus is superior to that of the ordinary sophistical rhetorician, but scholars differ widely as to the merits of the essays themselves.Dissertation XX discusses "Whether the Life of a Cynic is to Be Preferred". He begins with a narrative of how Prometheus created mankind, who initially lived a life of ease "for the earth supplied them with aliment, rich meadows, long-haired mountains, and abundance of fruits" – in other words, a Garden of Eden that resonates with Cynic ideas. It was "a life without war, without iron, without a guard, peaceful, healthful unindigent".Then, taking perhaps from Lucretius, he contrasts that Garden to mankind's "second life", which started with the division of the earth into property, which they then enclosed into fortifications and walls, and started to wear jewellery and gold, built houses, “molested the earth by digging into it for metals”, and invaded the sea and the air (killing animals, fish and birds), in what he described as a “slaughter and all-various gore, pursuing gratification of the body”. Humans became unhappy and, to compensate, sought wealth, “fearing poverty...dreading death...neglecting the care of life...They blamed base actions but did not abstain from them and “the hated to live, but dreaded to die”.He then contrasts the two lives – that of the original Garden and of the “second life” he has just described and asks, which man would not choose the first, who “knows that by the change he shall be liberated from a multitude of evils” and what he calls “a dreadful prison of unhappy men, confined to a dreadful prison of unhappy men, confined in a dark recess, with large iron fetters round their feet, a great weight about their neck…passing their time in filth, in torment, and in weeping”. He asks, “Which of these images shall we proclaim blessed”? He goes on to praise Diogenes of Sinopeus, the Cynic, for choosing his ascetic life, but only because he avoided the often fearful fates of other philosophers – such as Socrates being condemned. But there is no mention of he himself taking up the ascetic life himself; rather he only talks about how the Garden would be preferable to the life mankind has made for itself. So it is unlikely he was a Cynic, but was just envious of that idealised pre-civilisation Life in the Garden.Maximus of Tyre must be distinguished from the Stoic Claudius Maximus, tutor of Marcus Aurelius.Ancient Greek TextMaximus Tyrius, Philosophumena, Dialexeis - Edited by George Leonidas Koniaris, Publisher Walter de Gruyter, 1995, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110882568 - this critical edition presents the Ancient Greek text of Maximus of Tyre.TranslationsTaylor, Thomas, The Dissertations of Maximus Tyrius. C. Wittingham (1804)Trapp, Michael. Maximus of Tyre: The Philosophical Orations, (NY: Oxford University Press, 1997)Passage 3:R. Charlton (poet/songwriter)R. Charlton, who lived in the early nineteenth century, was a Tyneside poet/songwriter.DetailsR. Charlton (lived ca. 1812) was a Tyneside songwriter, who, according to the information given by Thomas Allan in the Allan's Illustrated Edition of Tyneside Songs published in 1891, has the song "Newcastle Improvements" attributed to his name.The song is sung to the tune of "Canny Newcassel" according to W & T Fordyce. It is written in Geordie dialect and has a strong Northern connection). Unlike the others songwriters who wrote about the town improvements and mentioned changes to layout, street plans, new buildings etc., Charlton concentrated on the social changes brought about by the work, and sometimes not too kindly.The same song without any comment, except the author's name, appears on page 159 of The Tyne Songster published by W & T Fordyce published in 1840 and on page 151 of A Collection of Songs, Comic, Satirical, and Descriptive published by Thomas Marshall published in 1829Nothing more appears to be known of this person, or their life, or even their Christian name or sex.See alsoGeordie dialect words(Geordie) Rhymes of Northern Bards by John Bell JuniorJohn Bell (folk music)Passage 4:Mubarak KhwajaMubarak Khwaja (Kazakh: Мбрк ожа, Persian:  ) was the khan of White Horde in 1320–1344. He succeeded his brother, Ilbasan, with the assistance of Uzbeg, Khan of the Golden Horde and the House of Batu. However, he declared his independence from Sarai. The Khan sent his son Tini Beg to overthrow him. Thus, he was replaced by Chimtay, son of Ilbasan. He may have lived longer after his dethronement, occupying some lands.GenealogyGenghis KhanJochiOrda KhanSartaqtayKöchüBayanSasibuqaMubarak KhwajaSee alsoList of Khans of the Golden HordePassage 5:Chou Meng-tiehChou Meng-tieh (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhōu Mèngdié; 29 December 1921 – 1 May 2014) was a Taiwanese poet and writer.  He lived in Tamsui District, New Taipei City.BiographyHe was born Chou Chi-shu in Xichuan County, Henan in 1921. In 1948, Chou joined the China Youth Corps and was forced to drop out of school. He was sent to Taiwan following the defeat of Chiang Kai-shek's army in the Chinese Civil War, leaving his wife, two sons, and daughter behind in Mainland China. He settled in Tamsui District, New Taipei City.Chou started writing in the Central Daily News and publishing poetry in 1952. He retired from the army in 1955.In 1959, he started selling books outside the Cafe Astoria in Taipei and published his first book of poetry entitled Lonely County. Chou's book stall became a gathering spot for well-known writers, such as Huang Chun-ming, Pai Hsien-yung, and Sanmao. Chou wrote often on the subjects of time, life, and death, and was influenced by Buddhism.In 1980, the American magazine Orientations praised him as the "Amoy Street Prophet".  During the same year, he was forced to close his book stall in front of Cafe Astoria due to gastric ulcer surgery. He was the first recipient of the National Culture and Arts Foundation Literature Laureate Award in 1997.Chou died of pneumonia in New Taipei City on May 1, 2014 at the age of 92. His funeral was held twelve days later, with writers and politicians including Chang Show-foong, Lung Ying-tai, Timothy Yang, and Hsiang Ming in attendance.A bilingual selection from Chou's poetry with English translations by Lloyd Haft, Zhou Mengdie: 41 Poems, was published by Azoth Books (Taiwan) in 2022.Passage 6:Zhou YouguangZhou Youguang (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhōu Yuguāng; 13 January 1906 – 14 January 2017), also known as Chou Yu-kuang or Chou Yao-ping, was a Chinese economist, banker, linguist, sinologist, Esperantist, publisher, and supercentenarian, known as the "father of Pinyin", a system for the writing of Mandarin Chinese in Roman script, or romanization, which was officially adopted by the government of the People's Republic of China in 1958, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1982, and the United Nations in 1986.Early life and careerZhou was born Zhou Yaoping in Changzhou (Changchow), Jiangsu Province, on 13 January 1906 to a Qing Dynasty official. At the age of ten, he and his family moved to Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. In 1918, he entered Changzhou High School, during which time he first took an interest in linguistics. He graduated in 1923 with honors.Zhou enrolled that same year in St. John's University, Shanghai where he majored in economics and took supplementary coursework in linguistics. He was almost unable to attend due to his family's poverty, but friends and relatives raised 200 yuan for the admission fee, and also helped him pay for tuition. He left during the May Thirtieth Movement of 1925 and transferred to Guanghua University, from which he graduated in 1927.On 30 April 1933, Zhou married Zhang Yunhe (). The couple went to Japan for Zhou's studies. Zhou started as an exchange student at the University of Tokyo, later transferring to Kyoto University due to his admiration of the Japanese Marxist economist Hajime Kawakami, who was a professor there at the time. Kawakami's arrest for joining the outlawed Japanese Communist Party in January 1933 meant that Zhou could not be his student. Zhou's son, Zhou Xiaoping (), was born in 1934. The couple also had a daughter, Zhou Xiaohe ().In 1937, due to the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Zhou and his family moved to the wartime capital Chongqing, and his daughter died. He worked for   Sin Hua Bank before entering public service as a deputy director at the National Government's Ministry of Economic Affairs, agricultural policy bureau () . After the 1945 Japanese defeat in World War II, Zhou went back to work for Sin Hua where he was stationed overseas: first in New York City and then in London. When he was in New York, he met Albert Einstein twice while visiting friends at Princeton University.Zhou participated for a time in the China Democratic National Construction Association. After the founding of the People's Republic was established in 1949 he returned to Shanghai, where he taught economics at Fudan University for several years.Designing PinyinBecause of his friendship with Zhou Enlai who recalled the economist's fascination with linguistics and Esperanto, he summoned Zhou to Beijing in 1955 and tasked his team with developing a new alphabet for China. The Chinese government placed Zhou at the head of a


Passage 1:Anne Elizabeth RectorAnne Elizabeth Rector (June 26, 1899 – February 17, 1970) was an American artist.Rector was the daughter of Enoch J. Rectorand she attended the Art Students League of New York studying under John French Sloan. Ann also studied landscape painting under Andrew Dasburg. Shemarried Edmund Duffy and they moved to New York City in 1948, when her husband began work for the Saturday Evening Post. She later headed Rector Studiosthat manufactured glass top tables. Her daughter married Ivan Chermayeff, the son of Serge Ivan Chermayeff.Rector's childhood diaries were published in 2004.They had been found many years after Rector's death and described her life for the year of 1912.Passage 2:Edmund DuffyEdmund Duffy (March 1, 1899 –September 12, 1962), was an American editorial cartoonist.  He grew up in Jersey City, New Jersey, eventually moving to metropolitan areas. Duffy did notattend high school, but instead went into the Art Students League of New York. Duffy's career took him to London, Paris, New York, and finally to Baltimore,where he spent the majority of his professional career working for The Baltimore Sun.Duffy won three Pulitzer Prizes for Editorial Cartooning in 1931, 1934, and1940. Duffy began working for the Baltimore Sun in 1924, when he was only about 25 years old, and he received high praise from the famous journalist H.L.Mencken.Journalism careerDuffy first came into the journalism field with his submission of a page of sketches for Armistice Day. The sketches were put into theNew York Tribune in the Sunday section. Duffy worked on a variety of assignments in order to save up money, then launching his European career. He moved toLondon and worked for the London Evening News. Duffy worked in Paris for a few years, and he finally returned to the United States in 1922. He worked for twoyears with both the New York Leader and the Brooklyn Eagle.The longest period of his career began in 1924 when he began working for The Baltimore Sun. Duffyworked there until 1948, in order to work a less tiring job, working for the Saturday Evening Post.  Duffy drew numerous noteworthy cartoons, approaching majorissues and incidents, such as lynching and the Ku Klux Klan, but also the famous Monkey Scopes Trial of 1925.Denouncing racism through artDuffy was known forhis daring nature in relation to his work. H.L. Mencken saw promise in his work and “Duffy with his sometimes savage artwork, did the kind of thing that delightedMencken, who loved nothing more than to ‘stir up the animals’”. Duffy was not afraid to please Mencken, and held nothing back  He was one of the few people ofhis time that would boldly approach the topic of racism.  He blatantly condemned lynching and the actions of the KKK.  This was one of his main issues that heapproached during his career.  During the time period that Duffy worked it was not popular to advocate against racism, so Duffy was civil rights before it was awide movement in the United States. S.L. Harrison, a late professor of Communication at the University of Miami, wrote that Duffy “displayed uncommon vigor inattacking the Ku Klux Klan”.Scopes TrialJust a year after Duffy began working for The Baltimore Sun, 1925, a famous trial began in Tennessee.  Tennessee hadpassed a law, the Butler Act, barring teachers against the topic of evolution in the classroom, but one biology teacher, John T. Scopes, ignored the law and taughthis students evolution.  Scopes decided that the students should learn evolution, even if it went against the teachings of the bible.  Since the trial was popular anda nationwide topic, Mencken took a staff from The Sun, including Duffy, to cover the trial.  “[Edmund Duffy’s] graphic artwork played a significant role in thepublic’s perception of the trial proceedings reported in the pages of The Sun, then one of America’s most influential newspapers”.  His cartoons brought moreattention to the issue, as he derided Tennessee for crushing knowledge in one of his more notable cartoons from the trial called ‘A Closed Book in Tennessee.’ Inthis cartoon, Duffy shows a man, representing Tennessee, holding a sign that says “Fundamentalists Only Wanted as Teachers.”  The man is standing on top ofthe book of knowledge, holding it shut.  Duffy knew that this powerful cartoon would cause a great response, but that is exactly what Mencken wanted andexpected from him.  Many more of his cartoons from the trial held the same message, in which he was publicly shaming Tennessee for the law, the trial, and theverdict.  Mencken once said that with a good cartoonist he would not need a whole editorial staff, and a great cartoonist he found in Duffy.Pulitzer PrizesOverEdmund Duffy's career, he won three Pulitzer Prizes, which is a lot compared to other recipients over the years.  His three prize winning cartoons are thefollowing:“An Old Struggle Still Going On” (1931)This cartoon references the anti-communism era that began in the 1920s and 1930s.  At the time, communismwas seen as being anti-religion, which is what Duffy conveys in the cartoon.  “California Points with Pride!” (1934)This cartoon is one of Duffy's manyanti-lynching pieces.  This one, however, deals with white on white lynching.  In California, people took two kidnappers from prison and lynched them in a park,but the Governor praised the people that did the lynching.  Duffy condemned the Governor in this cartoon.“The 'Outstretched Hand'” (1940)In this cartoon,Duffy's topic is Adolf Hitler and his brutality.  By the time the cartoon was drawn, Germany had already invaded Poland, and Duffy shows Hitler's broken promisesand peace offerings.  Hitler's hand drips with blood in the image.Passage 3:Anne EvansAnne or Ann Evans may refer to:Ann Evans (midwife) (1840–1916), NewZealand nurseAnne Evans (poet) (1820–1870), English poet and composerAnne Evans (arts patron) (1871–1941), art patron in ColoradoAnne Evans (soprano)(born 1941), British operatic sopranoAnne Evans Estabrook, American real estate developerSee alsoMary Ann Evans, writer better known as George EliotMaryAnne Disraeli, née Evans, wife of DisraeliEvans (surname)Passage 4:James Randall MarshJames Randall Marsh (1896–1966) was an American artist and thehusband of Anne Steele Marsh.BiographyMarsh was born in 1896 in Paris, France. He was the son of Frederick Dana Marsh and Alice Randall Marsh. He was thebrother of the painter Reginald Marsh.He married Anne Steele in 1925 and the couple settled in Essex Fells, New Jersey. There Marsh set up a metal forge whichhe used to create industrial and residential lighting fixtures. In 1948, the Marshes relocated to Pittstown, New Jersey where James continued operating a forge,expanding the operation to include decorative metal work. His work was mainly in the American Arts and Craft style.In 1952, Marsh was instrumental inestablishing the Hunterdon Art Museum. When an 1836 stone mill became available for sale, Marsh and his neighbors decided to turn it into an art center, withMarsh providing most of the purchase price. The museum, with workshops, is still in operation and the building is listed as Dunham's Mill on the National Registerof Historic Places listings in Hunterdon County, New Jersey.In 1964, he purchased the M. C. Mulligan & Sons Quarry, also listed on the NRHP, and donated it tothe Clinton Historical Museum, now known as the Red Mill Museum Village. On October 9, 1965, the James Randall Marsh Historical Park was dedicated at themuseum.Marsh died on January 20, 1966, in Flemington.Passage 5:Michael RectorMichael Rector (born December 16, 1993) is a former American football widereceiver. He played college football at Stanford.Professional careerRector signed with the Detroit Lions as an undrafted free agent on May 12, 2017. He waswaived by the Lions on September 2, 2017.Passage 6:Stan RiceStanley Travis Rice Jr. (November 7, 1942 – December 9, 2002) was an American poet and artist.He was the husband of author Anne Rice.BiographyRice was born in Dallas, Texas, in 1942. He met his future wife Anne O'Brien in high school. They brieflyattended North Texas State University together, before marrying in 1961 and moving to San Francisco in 1962, to enroll at San Francisco State University, wherethey both earned their bachelor's and master's degrees.Rice was a professor of English and Creative Writing at San Francisco State University. In 1977, hereceived the Academy of American Poets' Edgar Allan Poe Award for Whiteboy, and in subsequent years was also the recipient of the Joseph Henry JacksonAward, as well as a writing fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts. Rice retired after 22 years as Chairman of the Creative Writing program as wellas Assistant Director of the Poetry Center in 1989.It was the death of his and Anne's first child, daughter Michele (1966–1972), at age six of leukemia, which ledto Stan Rice becoming a published author. His first book of poems, based on his daughter's illness and death, was titled Some Lamb, and was published in 1975.He encouraged his wife to quit her work as a waitress, cook and theater usher in order to devote herself full-time to her writing, and both eventually encouragedtheir son, novelist Christopher Rice, to become a published author as well.Rice, his wife and his son moved to Garden District, New Orleans, in 1988, where heeventually opened the Stan Rice Gallery. In 1989, they purchased the Brevard-Rice House, 1239 First Street, built in 1857 for Albert Hamilton Brevard.Stan Rice'spaintings are represented in the collections of the Ogden Museum of Southern Art and the New Orleans Museum of Art. He had a one-person show at the JamesW. Palmer Gallery, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York. The Art Galleries of Southeastern Louisiana presented an exhibition of selected paintings in March2005. Prospective plans are underway to present exhibitions of Rice's paintings at various locations in Mexico.In Prism of the Night, Anne Rice said of Stan: "He'sa model to me of a man who doesn't look to heaven or hell to justify his feelings about life itself. His capacity for action is admirable. Very early on he said to me,'What more could you ask for than life itself'?"Poet Deborah Garrison was Rice's editor at Alfred A. Knopf for his 2002 collection, Red to the Rind, which wasdedicated to novelist son Christopher, in whose success as a writer his father greatly rejoiced. Garrison said of Rice: "Stan really attempted to kind of stare downthe world, and I admire that."Knopf's Victoria Wilson, who edited Anne's novels and worked with Stan Rice on his 1997 book, Paintings, was particularlyimpressed by his refusal to sell his artworks, saying, "The great thing about Stan is that he refused to play the game as a painter, and he refused to play thegame as a poet."Personal lifeRice was an atheist.DeathStan Rice died of brain cancer at age 60, on December 9, 2002, in New Orleans where he lived and wassurvived by Anne and Christopher, as well as his mother, Margaret; a brother, Larry; and two sisters, Nancy and Cynthia.Rice is entombed in Metairie Cemeteryin New Orleans.Poetry collectionsSome Lamb (1975)Whiteboy (1976) (earned the Edgar Allan Poe Award from the Academy of American Poets)Body of Work(1983)Singing Yet: New and Selected Poems (1992)Fear Itself (1997)The Radiance of Pigs (1999)Red to the Rind (2002)False Prophet (2003)


Passage 1:Rumbi KatedzaRumbi Katedza is a Zimbabwean Film Producer and Director who was born on 17 January 1974.Early life and educationShe did her Primary and Secondary Education in Harare, Zimbabwe. Katedza graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English from McGill University, Canada in 1995. In 2008 Katedza received the Chevening Scholarship that enabled her to further her studies in film. She also holds a MA in Filmmaking from Goldsmiths College, London University.Work and filmographyKatedza has experience in Film and TV Production, Directing, Writing as well as Producing and presenting Radio shows. From 1994 to 2000, She produced and presented radio shows on Women's issues, Arts and Culture, Hip Hop and Acid Jazz for the CKUT (Montreal) and ZBC Radio 3 (Zimbabwe). From 2004 - 2006, she served as the Festival Director of the Zimbabwe International Film Festival. Whilst there, she produced the Postcards from Zimbabwe Series. In 2008, Katedza founded Mai Jai Films and has produced numerous films and television productions under the banner namelyTariro (2008);Big House, Small House (2009);The Axe and the Tree (2011);The Team (2011)Playing Warriors (2012)Her early works include:Danai (2002);Postcards from Zimbabwe (2006);Trapped (2006 – Rumbi Katedza, Marcus Korhonen);Asylum (2007);Insecurity Guard (2007)Rumbi Katedza is a part-time lecturer at the University of Zimbabwe, in the department of Theatre Arts. She is a judge and monitor at the National Arts Merit Awards, responsible for monitoring new film and TV productions throughout the year on behalf of the National Arts Council of Zimbabwe. She has also lobbied Zimbabwean government to actively support the film industry.Passage 2:Sam the ManSam the Man is a 2001 American film directed by Gary Winick and starring Fisher Stevens.PlotA writer having difficulty completing his second novel goes on a journey of self-discovery.CastExternal linksSam the Man at IMDbSam the Man at Rotten TomatoesPassage 3:The Man Is ArmedThe Man Is Armed is a 1956 film noir crime film directed by Franklin Adreon starring Dane Clark, William Talman, May Wynn and Robert Horton.PlotFramed by another man, truck driver Johnny Morrison serves a year in prison. After his release, Johnny confronts the man, Mitch Mitchell, who plunges off a roof to his death.Johnny then learns that his former employer, Hackett, was the one who set him up as a fall guy. Hackett claims it was a test of loyalty, and since Johnny passed, he now stands to earn $100,000 for helping Hackett pull off the robbery of an armored transport company.Johnny's old girlfriend, Carol Wayne, still has feelings for him, even though she has been seeing Mike Benning, a young doctor. While the death of Mitchell is investigated by police Lt. Coster as a homicide, Johnny and three other thugs pull off the heist.Unable to get the loot to Hackett due to roadblocks, Johnny hides out. Hackett, believing he has been double-crossed, shoots Johnny and buries the money on his family farm, but the police catch up to him. A wounded Johnny knocks out Mike and abducts Carol, but collapses and dies after a few steps. Mike leads Carol away as the cops arrive.CastDane Clark as Johnny MorrisonWilliam Talman as HackettMay Wynn as Carol WayneRobert Horton as Dr. Michael BenningBarton MacLane as Det. Lt. Dan CosterFredd Wayne as EganRichard Benedict as Lew 'Mitch' MitchellRichard Reeves as RutbergHarry Lewis as ColeBobby Jordan as ThorneLarry J. Blake as Ray PerkinsDarlene Fields as TerryclothJohn Mitchum as OfficerSee alsoList of American films of 1956Passage 4:Wolf WarriorWolf Warrior (Chinese: ) is a 2015 Chinese war film written and directed by Wu Jing. It stars Wu Jing along with Scott Adkins, Yu Nan and Kevin Lee. It was released on 2 April 2015. A sequel, titled Wolf Warrior 2, was released in China in 2017 and became the all-time highest-grossing film in China.PlotIn 2008, a combined task group of People's Liberation Army Special Operations Forces and Chinese police raid a drug smuggling operation in an abandoned chemical facility in southern China. The leader of the smuggling operation, Wu Ji, holds one of his own men hostage while taking cover behind a section of the facility's reinforced wall.Leng Feng, a skilled PLA sniper, ignores orders to stand down and fires three shots at a weak section of the wall, penetrating through on the third shot and killing Wu Ji. Leng Feng is sent to solitary confinement as punishment, but is approached by Long Xiaoyun, the female commander of the legendary 'Wolf Warriors', an elite unit within the PLA tasked with simulating foreign tactics for the PLA to train against. Long Xiaoyun offers Leng Feng a place in the Wolf Warriors. Meanwhile, in the Philippines, crime lord Min Deng, the older brother of Wu Ji, hires ex-US Navy SEAL “Tom Cat” (Scott Adkins) and his group to assassinate Leng Feng and avenge his brother.The Wolf Warriors participate in a training exercise in a remote and uninhabited forested region on China's southern border. During the exercise, Tom Cat and his mercenaries ambush a Wolf Warrior squad, killing one of Leng Feng's comrades. Subsequently, the PLA and the Wolf Warriors are tasked with hunting down Tom Cat‘s squad to restore their honor. The combined infantry force move into the forest but are delayed by multiple traps set by Tom Cat and pinned down by sniper fire until Leng Feng manages to kill the shooter. Afterwards, the rest of the PLA force engages Tom Cat's other mercenaries, who stage a fighting retreat but are eventually overwhelmed and killed one by one. Meanwhile, Long Xiaoyun and the other PLA commanders deduce that Ming Deng himself is also in the training area to take possession of a smuggled cache of biotechnology, which could allow the creation of a genetic weapon that could target Chinese people exclusively.Leng Feng eventually catches Tom Cat just before China's southern border. Leng Feng is nearly defeated, but manages to kill Tom Cat with his own knife. Medical personnel from a PLA relief force arrive, but Leng Feng recognises the wrist tattoo of the medic that approaches him and realizes that they are Min Deng's men in PLA uniforms. He attacks them, eventually holding Min Deng himself at bayonet point on the very edge of the Chinese border. Min Deng's paramilitary force approaches from the other side of the border, but so do the rest of the Wolf Warriors and PLA soldiers. Min Deng's force retreats, leaving him to be arrested.CastWu Jing as Leng Feng, a marksman in the People's Liberation Army who was initially court martialled and reprimanded for failing to obey a direct order during an operation. He is later recruited into a Chinese Special Forces Unit called "War Wolf" after Long Xiaoyun takes an interest in him.Yu Nan as Lieutenant Colonel Long Xiaoyun, Commander of the Chinese Special Forces Unit "War Wolf"Ni Dahong as Ming Deng, a drug lord who hires a group of foreign mercenaries to avenge his brother's death at the hands of Leng Feng.Scott Adkins as "Tom Cat," a former US Navy SEAL turned mercenary, who is hired by Meng Deng to kill Leng FengKevin Lee as "Mad Cow"Shi ZhaoqiZhou XiaoouFang ZibinGuo GuangpingRu PingHong WeiWang SenZhuang XiaolongChris CollinsProductionThe script went through 14 drafts over seven years. In order to portray more realistic combat scenes, the movie used five missiles (each at a value of one million yuan), more than 30,000 rounds of ammunition, and a variety of Chinese active military aircraft, including the Chengdu J-10, Harbin Z-9, and CAIC Z-10. In one large battle scene, 32 active tanks appeared in the same shot, including a Type 96 tank.In order to prepare for the film, with the support of Chinese PLA Nanjing Military Region, Wu Jing trained for 18 months at a camp in Nanjing Military Region. On the first day of shooting, it was the hottest summer in Nanjing's history. The temperature was up to 49.8 °C, making 5 extra actors suffer from shock.Most of the film was made on location in Jiangsu province, at sites including Nanjing and Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.Box officeAs of 25 May 2015, it has earned US$89.11 million in China.In China, it opened on 2 April 2015, earning US$33.32 million in its 4-day opening weekend topping the Chinese box office. In its second weekend, it fell to number two, earning US$36.19 million (behind Furious 7).Critical responseThe film had an overall rating of 6.8 on the Chinese review site Douban as of August 2017. Variety magazine wrote: "To a layperson's eyes, the military exercise does look authentic, and the cross-country skirmishes are ruggedly watchable on an acrobatic level. Yet it's impossible to overlook the inanity of the plotting".AwardsInternational influenceWolf Warrior and its sequel, Wolf Warrior 2, are the namesake of China's aggressive 'wolf warrior diplomacy' under Xi Jinping's administration.Passage 5:Edward YatesEdward J. Yates (September 16, 1918 – June 2, 2006) was an American television director who was the director of the ABC television program American Bandstand from 1952 until 1969.BiographyYates became a still photographer after graduating from high school in 1936. After serving in World War II, he became employed by Philadelphia's WFIL-TV as a boom microphone operator. He was later promoted to cameraman (important as most programming was done live and local during the early years of television) and earned a bachelor's degree in communications in 1950 from the University of Pennsylvania.In October 1952, Yates volunteered to direct Bandstand, a new concept featuring local teens dancing to the latest hits patterned after the "950 Club" on WPEN-AM. The show debuted with Bob Horn as host and took off after Dick Clark, already a radio veteran at age 26, took over in 1956.It was broadcast live in its early years, even after it became part of the ABC network's weekday afternoon lineup in 1957 as American Bandstand. Yates pulled records, directed the cameras, queued the commercials and communicated with Clark via a private line telephone located on his podium.In 1964, Clark moved the show to Los Angeles, taking Yates with him.Yates retired from American Bandstand in 1969, and moved his family to the Philadelphia suburb of West Chester.He died in 2006 at a nursing home where he had been for the last two months of his life.External linksEdward Yates at IMDbPassage 6:Arms and the Man (1932 film)Arms and the Man is a 1932 British film based on the play Arms and the Man by George Bernard Shaw. It was written and directed by Cecil Lewis.Passage 7:Wu Jing (actor)Wu Jing, also known as Jacky Wu, (Chinese: ; pinyin: Wú Jīng; born 3 April 1974) is a Chinese actor, director and martial artist best known for his roles in various martial arts films such as Tai Chi Boxer, Fatal Contact, the Sha Po Lang films, and as Leng Feng in Wolf Warrior, its sequel Wolf Warrior 2, and most recently The Battle at Lake Changjin. Wu Jing is one of the most profitable actors in China and his movies are often the highest grossed films in China and around the world. Wu ranked first on the Forbes China Celebrity 100 list in 2019 and 23rd in 2020.CareerIn April 1995, Wu was spotted by martial arts choreographer Yuen Woo-ping, Wu played Hawkman / Jackie in 1996 film Tai Chi Boxer, his first Hong Kong film debut. Since then Wu has appeared in numerous mainland Chinese wuxia television series. He has also worked with choreographer and director Lau Kar-leung in 2003 film Drunken Monkey. Wu achieved success in Hong


Passage 1:Billy MilanoBilly Milano (born June 3, 1964) is an American heavy metal and hardcore punk musician. He is the singer and occasionally guitarist andbassist of crossover thrash band M.O.D., and was the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death. Prior to these bands, Milano played in early New Yorkhardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the career of future Agnostic Front vocalist Roger Miret. Milano was also the singer of United Forces, whichincluded his Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Dan Lilker. Milano managed a number of bands, including Agnostic Front, for whom he also co-produced the 1997Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give and roadie for Anthrax.DiscographyStormtroopers of Death albumsStormtroopers of Death videosMethod ofDestruction (M.O.D.)MasteryPassage 2:Don't You Believe It"Don't You Believe It" is a song written by Burt Bacharach and Bob Hillard and recorded by AndyWilliams. Released as a single, the B-side was a cover of the George Gershwin song "Summertime".Chart performanceThe song reached No. 15 on the BillboardEasy Listening chart and No. 39 on the Hot 100 in 1962.Passage 3:Kristian LeontiouKristian Leontiou (born February 1982) is an English singer. Formerly a soloartist, he is the lead singer of indie rock band One eskimO.Early lifeKristian Leontiou was born in London, England and is of Greek Cypriot descent. He went toHatch End High School in Harrow and worked several jobs in and around London whilst concentrating on music when he had any free time.  In 2003 he signed amajor record deal with Polydor. At the time, Leontiou was dubbed "the new Dido" by some media outlets. His debut single "Story of My Life" was released in June2004 and reached #9 in the UK Singles Chart. His second single "Shining" peaked at #13 whilst the album Some Day Soon was certified gold selling in excess of150,000 copies.Leontiou toured the album in November 2004 taking him to the US to work with L.A Reid, Chairman of the Island Def Jam music group.  Unhappywith the direction his career was going, on a flight back from the US in 2004 he decided to take his music in a new direction.  Splitting from his label in late 2005,he went on to collaborate with Faithless on the song "Hope & Glory" for their album ‘'To All New Arrivals'’.  It was this release that saw him unleash the OneeskimO moniker.  It was through working with Rollo Armstrong on the Faithless album, that Rollo got to hear an early demo of "Astronauts" from the One eskimOproject. Being more than impressed by what he heard, Rollo opened both his arms and studio doors to Leontiou and they began to co-produce the ‘'All Balloons’'album.It was at this time that he paired up with good friend Adam Falkner, a drummer/musician, to introduce a live acoustic sound to the album. They recordedthe album with engineer Phill Brown (engineer for Bob Marley and Robert Plant) at Ark studios in St John's Wood where they recorded live then headed back toRollo's studio to add the cinematic electro touches that are prominent on the album.Shortly after its completion, One eskimO's "Hometime" was used on a ToyotaPrius advert in the USA. The funds from the advert were then used to develop the visual aspect of One eskimO. He teamed up with friend Nathan Erasmus (GravyMedia Productions) along with animation team Smuggling Peanuts (Matt Latchford and Lucy Sullivan) who together began to develop the One eskimO world, thefirst animation produced was for the track ‘Hometime’ which went on to win a British animation award in 2008.In 2008 Leontiou started a new managementventure with ATC Music. By mid-2008 Time Warner came on board to develop all 10 One eskimO animations which were produced the highly regarded PassionPictures in London.  Now with all animation complete and a debut album, One eskimO prepare to unveil themselves fully to the world in summer 2009.Leontioureleased a cover version of Tracy Chapman's "Fast Car", which was originally released as a single in 2005. Leontiou's version was unable to chart, however, dueto there being no simultaneous physical release alongside the download single, a UK chart rule that was in place at the time. On 24 April 2011, the song enteredthe singles chart at number 88 due to Britain's Got Talent contestant Michael Collings covering the track on the show on 16 April2011.DiscographyAlbumsSinglesNotesA  - Originally released as a single in April 2005, Leontiou's version of "Fast Car" did not chart until 2011 in the UK.Alsofeatured onNow That's What I Call Music! 58 (Story of My Life)Win a Date with Tad Hamilton! OST, Love Love Songs - The Ultimate Love Collection(Shining)Summerland OST (The Crying)Passage 4:Can't Believe It (Flo Rida song)"Can't Believe It" is a song by American rapper Flo Rida. The song features arap verse from Cuban-American rapper Pitbull. The song samples "Infinity" by London-based duo Infinity Ink. The music video for "Can't Believe It" was directedby Geremey and Georgie Legs.Chart performanceWeekly chartsYear-end chartsCertificationsPassage 5:Meek MillRobert Rihmeek Williams (born May 6, 1987),known professionally as Meek Mill, is an American rapper. Born and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he embarked on his music career as a battle rapper, andlater formed a short-lived rap group, The Bloodhoundz. In 2008, Atlanta-based rapper T.I. signed Meek Mill to his first record deal. In February 2011, afterleaving Grand Hustle Records, Mill signed with Miami-based rapper Rick Ross's Maybach Music Group (MMG). Mill's debut album, Dreams and Nightmares, wasreleased in 2012 under MMG and Warner Bros. Records. The album, preceded by the lead single "Amen" (featuring Drake), peaked at number two on the U.S.Billboard 200.In October 2012, Mill announced the launch of his own label imprint, Dream Chasers Records, named after his mixtape series. Meek Mill rose tofame after featured on MMG's Self Made compilation, with his debut singles "Tupac Back" (featuring Rick Ross) and "Ima Boss" (featuring Rick Ross), beingincluded on volume one (2011). He released his second album, Dreams Worth More Than Money, in 2015 and his third album, Wins & Losses, in 2016. His fourthstudio album, Championships, was released in November 2018 and debuted at the top of the Billboard 200 chart. Its lead single, "Going Bad" (featuring Drake),peaked at number six on the Billboard Hot 100, marking Mill's highest charting single to date. Meek's fifth album, Expensive Pain, was released on October 1,2021.In November 2017, he was sentenced to two to four years in prison for violating parole, before being released while his trial continues after serving fivemonths. In August 2019, a documentary series about his battle with the criminal justice system, Free Meek, was released on Amazon Prime Video. Mill served asexecutive producer on the series alongside fellow rapper Jay-Z. The two also became the co-founders of nonprofit organization Reform Alliance, which focuses onnational prison reform through lobbying.Early lifeRobert Rihmeek Williams was born on May 6, 1987, in the South Philadelphia area of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,the son of Kathy Williams. He has an older sister, Nasheema Williams. Kathy grew up in poverty and her mother died when she was young. Meek's father waskilled when Meek was five years old, apparently during an attempted robbery. His uncle, Robert, described Meek Mill's father as a "black sheep of the family".After her husband's death, Kathy moved with Meek and his sister to North Philadelphia, where they lived in a three-bedroom apartment on Berks Street. Theirfinancial condition was poor and she started cutting hair, doing other jobs, and shoplifting in order to support her family. At home, Meek was shy and rarelyspoke. As a kid, he became acquainted with another of his father's brothers, who under the MC name Grandmaster Nell was a pioneering disc jockey (DJ) in thelate-1980s Philadelphia hip-hop scene and influenced rap artists Will Smith and DJ Jazzy Jeff. Meek's interest in hip-hop grew as a result of these early influences.He was also influenced by the independent hip-hop artists Chic Raw and Vodka, whom he learned to emulate by watching their DVDs.During his early teenageyears, Meek often took part in rap battles under the pseudonym Meek Millz. He often stayed up well past midnight filling notebooks with phrases and verses thathe later drew on. Later he and three friends formed the rap group The Bloodhoundz. They bought blank CDs and jewel cases at Kinkos, encouraging friends toburn them with the group's songs and distribute them.Career2006–2010: Career beginningsThe Bloodhoundz lasted long enough to release four mixtapes. From2006 to 2008 Mill released three solo mixtapes including The Real Me, The Real Me 2, and Flamers. In 2009, Mill released his fourth solo mixtape, Flamers 2:Hottest in tha City, which spawned the promotional singles "I'm So Fly," "Prolli," and "Hottest in the City." Flamers 2 caught the attention of Charles "CharlieMack" Alston, founder and president of 215 Aphillyated Records. Mack, who previously represented for other Philadelphians Will Smith, DJ Jazzy Jeff, Boyz II Menand Ms. Jade, was so impressed with Mill that he immediately signed him to his management company. During that same year, Meek Mill also met the founderand owner of Grand Hustle Records, Atlanta-based rapper and record executive T.I. T.I. was also impressed by Mill and offered him an opportunity to travel, tomeet with him and Warner Bros. Records; within a week both record companies offered him a deal. Although he was offered other record deals, Mill feltcollaborating with T.I. was "an opportunity of a lifetime" and thus chose his label. However, a setback occurred, when Mill was sentenced to a stint in jail for adrug and gun charge.After being released in 2009, he continued working as an artist under Grand Hustle, Mill formed a work relationship with the label's residentdisc jockey, DJ Drama. Mill and Drama teamed up to release the third edition of Mill's Flamers series. The mixtape, titled Flamers 3: The Wait Is Over, wasreleased on March 12, 2010, and is helmed as a "Gangsta Grillz mixtape". The mixtape features his promotional single "Rosé Red", which was later remixed withadditional verses from fellow American rappers T.I., Rick Ross and Vado. Rick Ross contributed his verse after he was visiting Philadelphia and asked his Twitterfollowers who he should collaborate with; Meek Mill was the overwhelming response. The remix was included on Mill's following mixtape, Mr. Philadelphia. Due toMill and T.I.'s respective legal troubles, Mill was never able to release an official album under Grand Hustle and they parted ways in 2010. That same year, a filmwas released  called Streets. A direct-to-DVD crime drama, starring Mill, produced by Alston and directed by Jamal Hill.2011–2012: Dreams & NightmaresInFebruary 2011, Rick Ross announced the signing of Mill along with fellow American rapper Wale to his Maybach Music Group (MMG) label. In March 2011, Mill wasincluded in XXL's "Freshman Class of 2011". Later that year, he released his debut single, "Tupac Back", featuring Rick Ross, from his label's compilation albumSelf Made Vol. 1 (2011). That same year he released his second single, "Ima Boss", also take from the compilation and featuring Ross. The song was later