Passage 1:Where Was I"Where Was I?" may refer to:Books"Where Was I?", essay by David Hawley Sanford from The Mind's IWhere Was I?, book by John Haycraft 2006Where was I?!, book by Terry Wogan 2009Film and TVWhere Was I? (film), 1925 film directed by William A. Seiter. With Reginald Denny, Marian Nixon, Pauline Garon, Lee Moran.Where Was I? (2001 film), biography about songwriter Tim RoseWhere Was I? (TV series) 1952–1953 Quiz show with the panelists attempting to guess a location by looking at photos"Where Was I?" episode of Shoestring (TV series) 1980Music"Where was I", song by W. Franke Harling and Al Dubin performed by Ruby Newman and His Orchestra  with vocal chorus by  Larry Taylor and Peggy McCall  1939"Where Was I", single from Charley Pride discography 1988"Where Was I" (song), a 1994 song by Ricky Van Shelton"Where Was I (Donde Estuve Yo)", song by Joe Pass from Simplicity (Joe Pass album)"Where Was I?", song by Guttermouth from The Album Formerly Known as a Full Length LP (Guttermouth album)"Where Was I", song by Sawyer Brown (Billy Maddox, Paul Thorn, Anne Graham) from Can You Hear Me Now 2002"Where Was I?", song  by  Kenny Wayne Shepherd from Live On  1999"Where Was I", song by Melanie Laine (Victoria Banks, Steve Fox) from Time Flies (Melanie Laine album)"Where Was I", song by Rosie Thomas from With Love (Rosie Thomas album)Passage 2:Bayezid IIBayezid II (Ottoman Turkish:  , romanized: Bāyezīd-i sānī; Turkish: II. Bayezid; 3 December 1447 – 26 May 1512) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512. During his reign, Bayezid consolidated the Ottoman Empire, thwarted a Safavid rebellion and finally abdicated his throne to his son, Selim I. Bayezid evacuated Sephardi Jews from Spain after the proclamation of the Alhambra Decree and resettled them throughout Ottoman lands, especially in Salonica.Early lifeBayezid II was the son of Mehmed II (1432–1481) and Gülbahar Hatun, an Albanian concubine.There are sources that claim that Bayezid was the son of Sittişah Hatun, due to the two women's common middle name, Mükrime. This would make Ayşe Hatun, one of Bayezid's consorts, a first cousin of Bayezid II. However, the marriage of Sittişah Hatun took place two years after Bayezid was born and the whole arrangement was not to Mehmed's liking.Born in Demotika, Bayezid II was educated in Amasya and later served there as a bey for 27 years. In 1473, he fought in the Battle of Otlukbeli against the Aq Qoyunlu.Fight for the throneBayezid II's overriding concern was the quarrel with his brother Cem Sultan, who claimed the throne and sought military backing from the Mamluks in Egypt. Karamani Mehmed Pasha, latest grand vizier of Mehmed II, informed him of the death of the Sultan and invited Bayezid to ascend the throne. Having been defeated by his brother's armies, Cem sought protection from the Knights of St. John in Rhodes. Eventually, the Knights handed Cem over to Pope Innocent VIII (1484–1492). The Pope thought of using Cem as a tool to drive the Turks out of Europe, but as the papal crusade failed to come to fruition, Cem died in Naples.ReignBayezid II ascended the Ottoman throne in 1481. Like his father, Bayezid II was a patron of western and eastern culture. Unlike many other sultans, he worked hard to ensure a smooth running of domestic politics, which earned him the epithet of "the Just". Throughout his reign, Bayezid II engaged in numerous campaigns to conquer the Venetian possessions in Morea, accurately defining this region as the key to future Ottoman naval power in the Eastern Mediterranean. In 1497, he went to war with Poland and decisively defeated the 80,000 strong Polish army during the Moldavian campaign. The last of these wars ended in 1501 with Bayezid II in control of the whole Peloponnese. Rebellions in the east, such as that of the Qizilbash, plagued much of Bayezid II's reign and were often backed by the shah of Persia, Ismail I, who was eager to promote Shi'ism to undermine the authority of the Ottoman state. Ottoman authority in Anatolia was indeed seriously threatened during this period and at one point Bayezid II's vizier, Hadım Ali Pasha, was killed in battle against the Şahkulu rebellion. Hadım Ali Pasha's death prompted a power vacuum. As a result, many important statesmen secretly pledged allegiance to Kinsman Karabœcu Pasha (Turkish: "Karaböcü Kuzen Paşa") who made his reputation in conducting espionage operations during the Fall of Constantinople in his youth.Jewish and Muslim immigrationIn July 1492, the new state of Spain expelled its Jewish and Muslim populations as part of the Spanish Inquisition. Bayezid II sent out the Ottoman Navy under the command of admiral Kemal Reis to Spain in 1492 in order to evacuate them safely to Ottoman lands. He sent out proclamations throughout the empire that the refugees were to be welcomed. He granted the refugees the permission to settle in the Ottoman Empire and become Ottoman citizens. He ridiculed the conduct of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile in expelling a class of people so useful to their subjects. "You venture to call Ferdinand a wise ruler," he said to his courtiers, "he who has impoverished his own country and enriched mine!" Bayezid addressed a firman to all the governors of his European provinces, ordering them not only to refrain from repelling the Spanish refugees, but to give them a friendly and welcome reception. He threatened with death all those who treated the Jews harshly or refused them admission into the empire. Moses Capsali, who probably helped to arouse the sultan's friendship for the Jews, was most energetic in his assistance to the exiles. He made a tour of the communities and was instrumental in imposing a tax upon the rich, to ransom the Jewish victims of the persecution.The Muslims and Jews of al-Andalus contributed much to the rising power of the Ottoman Empire by introducing new ideas, methods and craftsmanship. The first printing press in Constantinople (now Istanbul) was established by the Sephardic Jews in 1493. It is reported that under Bayezid's reign, Jews enjoyed a period of cultural flourishing, with the presence of such scholars as the Talmudist and scientist Mordecai Comtino; astronomer and poet Solomon ben Elijah Sharbi ha-Zahab; Shabbethai ben Malkiel Cohen, and the liturgical poet Menahem Tamar.SuccessionDuring Bayezid II's final years, on 14 September 1509, Constantinople was devastated by an earthquake, and a succession battle developed between his sons Selim and Ahmet. Ahmet unexpectedly captured Karaman, and began marching to Constantinople to exploit his triumph. Fearing for his safety, Selim staged a revolt in Thrace but was defeated by Bayezid and forced to flee back to the Crimean peninsula. Bayezid II developed fears that Ahmet might in turn kill him to gain the throne, so he refused to allow his son to enter Constantinople.Selim returned from Crimea and, with support from the Janissaries, he forced his father to abdicate the throne on 25 April 1512. Bayezid departed for retirement in his native Dimetoka, but he died on 26 May 1512 at Havsa, before reaching his destination and only a month after his abdication. He was buried next to the Bayezid Mosque in Istanbul.LegacyBayezid was praised in a ghazal of Abdürrezzak Bahşı, a scribe who came to Constantinople from Samarkand in the second half of the 15th century that worked at the courts of Mehmed II and Bayezid II, and wrote in Chagatai with the Old Uyghur alphabet:I had a pleasant time in your reign my Padishah.I was without fear of all fears and dangers.The fame of your justice and fairness reached to China and Hotan.Thanks to God that there exist a merciful person like my Padishah.Sultan Bayezid Khan ascended the throne.This country had been his fate since past eternity.Any enemy that denied the country of my master:That enemy's neck had been in rope and gallows.Your believing servants' faces smile like Bahşı's.The place of those who walk unbelieving is hellfire.Bayezid II ordered al-Atufi, the librarian of Topkapı Palace, to prepare a register. The library's diverse holdings reflect a cosmopolitanism that was encyclopaedic in scope.FamilyConsortsBayezid had ten known consorts, plus other unknown concubines, mothers of the other sons and daughters:Şirin HatunHüsnüşah HatunBülbül HatunNigar HatunGülruh HatunGülbahar HatunMuhtereme Ferahşad HatunAyşe Hatun. Daughter of Alâüddevle Bozkurt Bey of the Dulkadir dynasty, and niece of Sittişah Hatun, first legal wife of Mehmed II, father of Bayezid. She died in 1512.Gülfem HatunMühürnaz HatunSonsBayezid had at least eight sons:Şehzade Abdullah (Amasya, 1465 - Konya, 11 June 1483) - son of Şirin Hatun. Bayezid's first son, he was governor of Manisa, Trebizond and Konya. He died of unknown causes and was buried in Bursa. He took as consort his cousin Nergiszade Ferahşad Sultan (daughter of Şehzade Mustafa, son of Mehmed II), with whom he had a son who died in infancy (1481-1489) and two daughters, Aynişah Sultan (1482-? , married) and Şahnisa Sultan (1484- ?, who in turn married her cousin Şehzade Mehmed Şah, son of her father's half brother Şehzade Şehinşah).Şehzade Ahmed (Amasya, c. 1466 - Bursa, 24 March 1513) - son of Bülbül Hatun. Bayezid's favorite son, he was executed by his half-brother Selim I, who became sultan. He had three known concubines, seven sons and four daughters.Şehzade Korkut (Amasya, 1469 - Manisa, 10 March 1513) - son of Nigar Hatun. Rival of Selim I for the throne, he was first exiled by them and then executed. He had two children who died as infants and two daughters, Fatma Sultan and Ferahşad Sultan.Selim I (Amasya, 10 October 1470 – Çorlu, 22 September 1520) – son with Gülbahar Hatun, who succeeded as Sultan Selim Han I (Yavuz).Şehzade Şehinşah (Amasya, 1474 - Karaman, 1511) - son of Hüsnüşah Hatun. He was governor of Manisa and Karaman. He was executed by his father for sedition and buried in Bursa. He had a consort, Mukrime Hatun, mother of his only known son, Şehzade Mehmed Şah (who married his cousin Şahnisa Sultan, daughter of Şehzade Abdullah).Şehzade Mahmud (Amasya, 1475 - Manisa, 1507) - son of an unknown concubine. He could be the full brother of Gevhermuluk Sultan. He was governor of Kastamonu and Manisa. He had three sons, Şehzade Musa (b.1490), Şehzade Orhan (b.1494) and Şehzade Emir Suleyman, executed by Selim I in 1512, and two daughters, Ayşe Hundi Sultan (1496 - after 1556, married in 1508 to Ferruh Bey; had a daughter Mihrihan Hanımsultan) and Hançerli Zeynep Fatma Sultan (1495 - April 1533, married to Mehmed Bey in 1508; had two children, Sultanzade Kasim Bey and Sultanzade Mahmud Bey. It is believed that she may have istruited the future Hürrem Sultan before she was introduced to Suleiman the Magnificent via Hafsa Sultan or Pargali Ibrahim.Şehzade Alemşah (Amasya, 1477 - Manisa, 1502) - son of Gülruh Hatun. Governor of Mentese and Manisa. He had a son, Şehzade Osman Şah (1492-1512, killed by Selim), and two daughters, Ayşe Sultan (married to his cousin Mehmed Celebi, son of Fatma Sultan, daughter of Bayezid II) and Fatma Sultan (1493-1522).Şehzade Mehmed (Amasya, 1486 - Kefe, December 1504) - son of Ferahşad Hatun. Governor of Kefe. He was married to a princess of the Giray khanate of Crimea (perhaps Ayşe Hatun, who after Mehmed's death married


Passage 1:Steele of the Royal MountedSteele of the Royal Mounted is a 1925 American silent Western film directed by David Smith and starring Bert Lytell, StuartHolmes and Charlotte Merriam. It is based on a novel by James Oliver Curwood about the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and was shot on location in the SanBernardino National Forest.PlotAs described in a film magazine review, Isobel, an Eastern young woman, introduces Philip Steele to her father Colonel Becker, butas a trick implies that her father is her husband. Philip becomes disillusioned and goes to Canada and joins the North-West Mounted Police. Here he pursues a badman. In the meantime, the young woman seeks him out so she can explain the mistake she made. When she finds him, he has bagged his man, and there is areconciliation.CastPassage 2:Rumbi KatedzaRumbi Katedza is a Zimbabwean Film Producer and Director who was born on 17 January 1974.Early life andeducationShe did her Primary and Secondary Education in Harare, Zimbabwe. Katedza graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English from McGill University, Canadain 1995. In 2008 Katedza received the Chevening Scholarship that enabled her to further her studies in film. She also holds a MA in Filmmaking from GoldsmithsCollege, London University.Work and filmographyKatedza has experience in Film and TV Production, Directing, Writing as well as Producing and presenting Radioshows. From 1994 to 2000, She produced and presented radio shows on Women's issues, Arts and Culture, Hip Hop and Acid Jazz for the CKUT (Montreal) andZBC Radio 3 (Zimbabwe). From 2004 - 2006, she served as the Festival Director of the Zimbabwe International Film Festival. Whilst there, she produced thePostcards from Zimbabwe Series. In 2008, Katedza founded Mai Jai Films and has produced numerous films and television productions under the bannernamelyTariro (2008);Big House, Small House (2009);The Axe and the Tree (2011);The Team (2011)Playing Warriors (2012)Her early works include:Danai(2002);Postcards from Zimbabwe (2006);Trapped (2006 – Rumbi Katedza, Marcus Korhonen);Asylum (2007);Insecurity Guard (2007)Rumbi Katedza is apart-time lecturer at the University of Zimbabwe, in the department of Theatre Arts. She is a judge and monitor at the National Arts Merit Awards, responsible formonitoring new film and TV productions throughout the year on behalf of the National Arts Council of Zimbabwe. She has also lobbied Zimbabwean governmentto actively support the film industry.Passage 3:Beauty No. 2Beauty No. 2 is a 1965 American avant-garde film by directed by Andy Warhol and starring EdieSedgwick and Gino Piserchio. Chuck Wein also has a role in the film but never appears onscreen. Wein wrote the scenario and is also credited as assistantdirector.SynopsisThe movie has a fixed point of view showing a bed with two characters on it, Sedgwick and Piserchio. The film's writer, Chuck Wein is heardspeaking but is just out of view. Sedgwick is wearing a lace bra and panties, and Piserchio, wearing only jockey shorts, engage in flirting and light kissing. Weinasks Sedgwick questions seemingly designed to harass and annoy her. Piserchio is more or less a bystander not interacting with Wein.The dialogue was ad-libbedand no conclusions are reached in the film. The only conceivable climax is when Sedgwick finally becomes so mad at Wein's taunts, she throws a glass ashtray atWein, breaking it.ReceptionBeauty No. 2 was filmed in June 1965 and premiered at the Cinematheque at the Astor Place Playhouse in New York City on July 17,1965. Critical reviews were generally positive with some critics compared Edie Sedgwick's screen presence to Marilyn Monroe.See alsoList of American films of1965Andy Warhol filmographyFootnotesExternal linksBeauty No. 2 at IMDbBeauty No. 2 at AllMoviePassage 4:Beauty No. 1Beauty No. 1 is a 1965 film by AndyWarhol starring Edie Sedgwick, Kip Stagg a.k.a.Bima Stagg, and Chuck Wein.Synopsis and backgroundBeauty No. 1 is a precursor to Andy Warhol's better knownfollow up, Beauty No. 2 and was originally titled Beauty.The movie features Edie Sedgwick, Chuck Wein, and Kip Stagg, a.k.a. Bima Stagg. The film has a fixedpoint of view showing a bed with two characters on it, Sedgwick and Stagg. Chuck Wein is heard speaking but is just out of view. Sedgwick, in a skimpy outfit ofbra and panties, and Stagg, wearing only jockey shorts, engage in flirting and light kissing. Wein asks Sedgwick questions seemingly designed to harass andannoy her. Stagg is more or less a bystander not interacting with Wein.After dissatisfaction with performances in the first shoot, Warhol re-cast and re-shotBeauty as Beauty No. 2, with Edie Sedgwick, Chuck Wein and Gino Piserchio reprising the role of Kip Stagg.The dialogue seems as if it were created ad lib and noconclusions are reached in the film.The original film negative is maintained by the Andy Warhol Museum.Passage 5:Andy WarholAndy Warhol (; born AndrewWarhola Jr.; August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987) was an American visual artist, film director, producer, and leading figure in the pop art movement. His worksexplore the relationship between artistic expression, advertising, and celebrity culture that flourished by the 1960s, and span a variety of media, includingpainting, silkscreening, photography, film, and sculpture. Some of his best-known works include the silkscreen paintings Campbell's Soup Cans (1962) andMarilyn Diptych (1962), the experimental films Empire (1964) and Chelsea Girls (1966), and the multimedia events known as the Exploding Plastic Inevitable(1966–67).Born and raised in Pittsburgh, Warhol initially pursued a successful career as a commercial illustrator. After exhibiting his work in several galleries inthe late 1950s, he began to receive recognition as an influential and controversial artist. His New York studio, The Factory, became a well-known gathering placethat brought together distinguished intellectuals, drag queens, playwrights, Bohemian street people, Hollywood celebrities, and wealthy patrons. He promoted acollection of personalities known as Warhol superstars, and is credited with inspiring the widely used expression "15 minutes of fame". In the late 1960s hemanaged and produced the experimental rock band The Velvet Underground and founded Interview magazine. He authored numerous books, including ThePhilosophy of Andy Warhol and Popism: The Warhol Sixties. He lived openly as a gay man before the gay liberation movement. In June 1968, he was almost killedby radical feminist Valerie Solanas,  who shot him inside his studio. After gallbladder surgery, Warhol died of cardiac arrhythmia in February 1987 at the age of 58in New York City.Warhol has been the subject of numerous retrospective exhibitions, books, and feature and documentary films. The Andy Warhol Museum in hisnative city of Pittsburgh, which holds an extensive permanent collection of art and archives, is the largest museum in the United States dedicated to a singleartist. Warhol has been described as the "bellwether of the art market". Many of his creations are very collectible and highly valuable. His works include some ofthe most expensive paintings ever sold. In 2013, a 1963 serigraph titled Silver Car Crash (Double Disaster) sold for $105 million. In 2022, Shot Sage Blue Marilyn(1964) sold for $195 million, which is the most expensive work of art sold at auction by an American artist.BiographyEarly life and beginnings (1928–1949)Warholwas born on August 6, 1928, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was the fourth child of Ondrej Warhola (Americanized as Andrew Warhola Sr. 1889–1942) and Julia(née Zavacká, 1891–1972), whose first child was born in their homeland of Austria-Hungary and died before their move to the US.His parents were working-classLemko emigrants from Mikó, Austria-Hungary (now called Miková, located in today's northeastern Slovakia). Warhol's father emigrated to the United States in1914, and his mother joined him in 1921, after the death of Warhol's grandparents. Warhol's father worked in a coal mine. The family lived at 55 Beelen Streetand later at 3252 Dawson Street in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh. The family was Ruthenian Catholic and attended St. John Chrysostom ByzantineCatholic Church. Andy Warhol had two elder brothers—Pavol (Paul), the eldest, was born before the family emigrated; Ján was born in Pittsburgh. Pavol's son,James Warhola, became a successful children's book illustrator.In third grade, Warhol had Sydenham's chorea (also known as St. Vitus' Dance), the nervoussystem disease that causes involuntary movements of the extremities, which is believed to be a complication of scarlet fever which causes skin pigmentationblotchiness. At times when he was confined to bed, he drew, listened to the radio and collected pictures of movie stars around his bed. Warhol later described thisperiod as very important in the development of his personality, skill-set and preferences. When Warhol was 13, his father died in an accident.As a teenager,Warhol graduated from Schenley High School in 1945, and also won a Scholastic Art and Writing Award. After graduating from high school, his intentions were tostudy art education at the University of Pittsburgh in the hope of becoming an art teacher, but his plans changed and he enrolled in the Carnegie Institute ofTechnology, now Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, where he studied commercial art. During his time there, Warhol joined the campus Modern Dance Cluband Beaux Arts Society. He also served as art director of the student art magazine, Cano, illustrating a cover in 1948 and a full-page interior illustration in 1949.These are believed to be his first two published artworks. Warhol earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts in pictorial design in 1949. Later that year, he moved to New YorkCity and began a career in magazine illustration and advertising.1950sWarhol's early career was dedicated to commercial and advertising art, where his firstcommission had been to draw shoes for Glamour magazine in the late 1940s. In the 1950s, Warhol worked as a designer for shoe manufacturer Israel Miller.While working in the shoe industry, Warhol developed his "blotted line" technique, applying ink to paper and then blotting the ink while still wet, which was akin toa printmaking process on the most rudimentary scale. His use of tracing paper and ink allowed him to repeat the basic image and also to create endless variationson the theme. American photographer John Coplans recalled that nobody drew shoes the way Andy did. He somehow gave each shoe a temperament of its own, asort of sly, Toulouse-Lautrec kind of sophistication, but the shape and the style came through accurately and the buckle was always in the right place. The kids inthe apartment [which Andy shared in New York – note by Coplans] noticed that the vamps on Andy's shoe drawings kept getting longer and longer but [Israel]Miller didn't mind. Miller loved them.In 1952, Warhol had his first solo show at the Hugo Gallery in New York, and although that show was not well received, by1956, he was included in his first group exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. Warhol's "whimsical" ink drawings of shoe advertisements figured insome of his earliest showings at the Bodley Gallery in New York in 1957.Warhol habitually used the expedient of tracing photographs projected with an


Passage 1:Kaoru HatoyamaKaoru Hatoyama ( , Hatoyama Kaoru, 21 November 1888 – 15 August 1982) was an educator and an administrator, the schoolmaster of Kyoritsu Women's University, which was founded by her mother-in-law, Haruko Hatoyama. She is well known as the wife of Ichirō Hatoyama, who was the 52nd–54th Prime Minister of Japan, serving terms from December 10, 1954 through December 23, 1956. She was the mother of Iichirō Hatoyama, who was Japan's Foreign Minister from 1976 through 1977.After the elections of 2009, she became more widely known as the grandmother of Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama and his politician brother Kunio Hatoyama.See alsoHatoyama Hall (Hatoyama Kaikan)NotesPassage 2:Prince Feodor Alexandrovich of RussiaPrince Feodor Alexandrovich of Russia (Russian: Фёдор Александрович Романов; 23 December [O.S. 11 December] 1898 – 30 November 1968) was the second son and third child of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna. He was also a nephew of Nicholas II of Russia, the last emperor of Russia.Born and raised in Imperial Russia during the reign of his uncle Nicholas II, he followed a military career and entered the Corps of Pages during World War I. With the fall of the Russian monarchy, he escaped the fate of many of his relatives killed by the Bolsheviks fleeing to his parents estate in Crimea. For a time, he was under house arrest there with a large group of family members. They left Russia on 11 April 1919. In exile, he settled in France where he married Princess Irina Pavlovna Paley, his distant cousin. The couple divorced in 1936. Afflicted with tuberculosis, Prince Feodor moved to England with his mother spending the years of World War II there. After the war ended, he settled permanently in the south of France.Russian princePrince Feodor Alexandrovich Romanov was born at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Russian Empire on 23 December 1898. He was the second son and third child among seven siblings. Although a grandson of Emperor Alexander III through his mother, he was not entitled to the title Grand Duke of Russia because he was only a great-grandson of Emperor Nicholas I in the male line through his father. He spent his early years in Imperial Russia. Following family tradition, he began a military career. During World War I he entered the Corps of Pages.At the fall of the Russian monarchy, he looked for refuge with his family in his father's property in Crimea. They lived there undisturbed until the rise to power of the Bolsheviks with the October Revolution in 1917. For some time, Prince Feodor was under house arrest in Ai-Todor and later at Dulber imprisoned with his parents, siblings, grandmother the Dowager Empress and many more Romanov relatives.Prince Feodor, and his relatives in the Crimea, escaped the fate of a number of his Romanov cousins who were murdered by the Bolsheviks when they were freed by German troops in 1918. He left Russia on 11 April 1919 abroad the Royal Navy ship HMS Marlborough and moved  to England and later to France.Life in exileDuring his first years in exile, Prince Feodor lived in Paris in the apartment of his sister Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia and her husband Prince Felix Yusupov. He worked as a taxi driver, and later as an architect.Prince Feodor married on 3 June 1923 in St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Paris, Princess Irina Paley (1903–1990), his first cousin once removed. She was a daughter of Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia and his morganatic wife Princess Olga Paley. The couple had one son:Prince Michael Feodorovich (Paris 4 May 1924 – 22 September 2008); married 1st Paris 15 Oct 1958 (divorced 1992) Helga Staufenberger (born Vienna, 22 August 1926); m. 2nd Josse 15 January 1994 Maria de las Mercedes Ustrell-Cabani (b. Hospitalet, Spain 26 August 1960). Michael died on the same day as his cousin, Prince Michael Andreevich of Russia.Prince Feodor and his wife lived separated in 1930. Princess Irina began a relationship with Count Hubert de Monbrison (15 August 1892 – 14 April 1981) and had a daughter with him while still married to Prince Feodor, who recognized the child as his.Prince Feodor Alexandrovich and Princess Irina divorced on 22 July 1936. He did not remarry and spent World War II in England at the home of his mother. By 1941 he was seriously ill with tuberculosis and had to stay for long periods in sanatoriums to recuperate. During the war years, he had sporadic contact with his son who remained in the south of France with Feodor's ex-wife. After the war ended, to improve his health and to stay closer to his son, Prince Feodor settled in the south of France at the villa of his sister Princess Irina Alexandrovna. He lived there for the rest of his life. With very limited income of his own and too ill to work, his ex-wife and his sister helped with the medical bills. Prince Feodor Alexandrovich died on 30 November 1968 in Ascain, France.AncestryNotesPassage 3:Hubba bint HulailHubba bint Hulail (Arabic:   ) was the grandmother of Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf, thus the great-great-great-grandmother of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.BiographyHubbah was the daughter of Hulail ibn Hubshiyyah ibn Salul ibn Ka’b ibn Amr al-Khuza’i of Banu Khuza'a who was the trustee and guardian of the Ka‘bah (Arabic: , 'Cube'). She married Qusai ibn Kilab and after her father died, the keys of the Kaaba were committed to her. Qusai, according to Hulail's will, had the trusteeship of the Kaaba after him.Hubbah never gave up ambitious hopes for the line of her favourite son Abd Manaf. Her two favourite grandsons were the twin sons Amr and Abd Shams, of ‘Ātikah bint Murrah. Hubbah hoped that the opportunities missed by Abd Manaf would be made up for in these grandsons, especially Amr, who seemed much more suitable for the role than any of the sons of Abd al-Dar. He was dear to the ‘ayn (Arabic: , eye) of his grandmother Hubbah.FamilyQusai ibn Kilab had four sons by Hubbah: Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai dedicated to his house, Abdu’l Qusayy dedicated to himself, Abd-al-Uzza ibn Qusai to his goddess (Al-‘Uzzá) and Abd Manaf ibn Qusai to the idol revered by Hubbah. They also had two daughters, Takhmur and Barrah. Abd Manaf's real name was 'Mughirah', and he also had the nickname 'al-Qamar' (the Moon) because he was handsome.Hubbah was related to Muhammad in more than one way. Firstly, she was the great-great-grandmother of his father Abdullah. She was also the great-grandmother of Umm Habib and Abdul-Uzza, respectively the maternal grandmother and grandfather of Muhammad's mother Aminah.Family tree* indicates that the marriage order is disputedNote that direct lineage is marked in bold.See alsoFamily tree of MuhammadList of notable HijazisPassage 4:Abdul-Vahed NiyazovAbdul-Vahed Validovich Niyazov (Russian: Абдул-Вахед Валидович Ниязов), born Vadim Valerianovich Medvedev (Russian: Вадим Валерианович Медведев; 23 April 1969) is a Russian businessman and Islamic social and political activist. He was president of the Islamic Cultural Center of Russia, and the public division of Russian Council of Muftis.Life and careerNiyazov was born on 23 April 1969 in Omsk as Vadim Valerianovich Medvedev.  After graduating from high school, he served in the engineering and construction troops of the Baikal-Amur Mainline. In 1990 he began studying at the Moscow Historical and Archival Institute, but failed to graduate.In April 1991 Niyazov became president of the Islamic Cultural Centre of Moscow, which in 1993 became the Islamic Cultural Centre of Russia, established with the financial support of the Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Moscow. In February 1994 he became deputy chairman of the executive committee of the Supreme Coordination Centre of the Spiritual Directorates of Muslims of Russia (VKTs DUMR, Russian: ВКЦ ДУМР). In May 1995 Niyazov became co-chairman of the Union of Muslims of Russia. In autumn 1998, he was elected chairman of the Council of the All-Russian political social movement "Refakh" (Prosperity).  On 19 December 1999 Niyazov was elected a deputy of the State Duma's  third convocation as part of the "Interregional movement Unity ("Bear")" electoral bloc, on the federal list of the Union of Muslims of Russia. He worked as deputy chairman of the State Duma Committee on the regulations and organization of the work of the State Duma. He was expelled from the faction for "provocative" statements in support of "world Islamic extremism and terrorism", on the subject of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict during the Second Intifada.In May 2001 Niyazov became chairman of the political council of the "Eurasian Party - Union of Patriots of Russia". By late 2007 Niyazov was head of the movement "Muslims in support of President Putin". In 2011 he was elected Honorary President of the international initiative "SalamWorld", which aimed to create a social network for Muslims along Sharia norms. The site had closed by 2015 after spending three years in development and tens of million of dollars in marketing, having had backup and funding issues. Since 2018, Niyazov has been president of the European Muslim Forum.Passage 5:Hannah ArnoldHannah Arnold may refer to:Hannah Arnold (née Waterman) (c.1705–1758), mother of Benedict ArnoldHannah Arnold (beauty queen) (born 1996), Filipino-Australian model and beauty pageant titleholderPassage 6:Prince Dmitri Alexandrovich of RussiaPrince Dmitri Alexandrovich of Russia (15 August [O.S. 2 August] 1901 –  7 July 1980) was the fourth son and fifth child of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia. He was a nephew of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.Early lifePrince Dmitri Alexandrovich Romanov was born at the Gatchina Palace, near Saint Petersburg, Russia on 15 August 1901. He was the fourth son and fifth child among seven siblings. His parents, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich (1866–1933) and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna (1875–1960), were first cousins once removed. Consequently, Prince Dmitri was the great-grandson of Tsar Nicholas I (from his father's side) while the great-great-grandson of the same Tsar Nicholas I (from his mother's side), the grandson of Tsar Alexander III and the nephew of Tsar Nicholas II.During the Russian Revolution Prince Dmitri was imprisoned along with his parents and grandmother the Dowager Empress at Dulber, in the Crimea. He escaped the fate of a number of his Romanov cousins who were murdered by the Bolsheviks when he was freed by German troops in 1918. He left Russia on  11 April 1919, at the age of seventeen, aboard the Royal Navy ship HMS Marlborough to attend  to Malta where they spent nine months before settling to England.ExileIn exile, Prince Dmitri lived between England and France. He had a varied career. In the late 1920s he emigrated to the United States where he worked as a stockbroker in Manhattan. He returned to Europe in the early 1930s. For a brief period in the 1930s, he managed Coco Chanel's shop at Biarritz.It was through Chanel that he met a Russian aristocrat who worked as model for her fashion house: Countess Marina Sergeievna Golenistcheva-Koutouzova (20 November 1912 – 7 January 1969). She was the second daughter of Count Sergei Alexandrovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov (1885 – 1950) and his wife Countess Maria Alexandrovna, born


Passage 1:Place of originIn Switzerland, the place of origin (German: Heimatort or Bürgerort, literally "home place" or "citizen place"; French: Lieu d'origine;Italian: Luogo di attinenza) denotes where a Swiss citizen has their municipal citizenship, usually inherited from previous generations. It is not to be confusedwith the place of birth or  place of residence, although two or all three of these locations may be identical depending on the person's circumstances.Acquisition ofmunicipal citizenshipSwiss citizenship has three tiers. For a person applying to naturalise as a Swiss citizen, these tiers are as follows:Municipal citizenship,granted by the place of residence after fulfilling several preconditions, such as sufficient knowledge of the local language, integration into local society, and aminimum number of years lived in said municipality.Cantonal (state) citizenship, for which a Swiss municipal citizenship is required. This requires a certainnumber of years lived in said canton.Country citizenship, for which both of the above are required, also requires a certain number of years lived in Switzerland(except for people married to a Swiss citizen, who may obtain simplified naturalisation without having to reside in Switzerland), and involves a criminalbackground check.The last two kinds of citizenship are a mere formality, while municipal citizenship is the most significant step in becoming a Swiss citizen.Nowadays the place of residence determines the municipality where citizenship is acquired, for a new applicant, whereas previously there was a historical reasonfor preserving the municipal citizenship from earlier generations in the family line, namely to specify which municipality held the responsibility of providing socialwelfare. The law has now been changed, eliminating this form of allocating responsibility to a municipality other than that of the place of residence. Care needs tobe taken when translating the term in Swiss documents which list the historical "Heimatort" instead of the usual place of birth and place of residence.However,any Swiss citizen can apply for a second, a third or even more municipal citizenships for prestige reasons or to show their connection to the place they currentlylive – and thus have several places of origin. As the legal significance of the place of origin has waned (see below), Swiss citizens can often apply for municipalcitizenship for no more than 100 Swiss francs after having lived in the same municipality for one or two years. In the past, it was common to have to pay between2,000 and 4,000 Swiss francs as a citizenship fee, because of the financial obligations incumbent on the municipality to grant the citizenship.A child born to twoSwiss parents is automatically granted the citizenship of the parent whose last name they hold, so the child gets either the mother's or the father's place of origin.A child born to one Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the citizenship, and thus the place of origin, of the Swiss parent.International confusionAlmostuniquely in the world (with the exception of Japan, which lists one's Registered Domicile; and Sweden, which lists the mother's place of domicile as place of birth),the Swiss identity card, passport and driving licence do not show the holder's birthplace, but only their place of origin. The vast majority of countries show theholder's actual birthplace on identity documents. This can lead to administrative issues for Swiss citizens abroad when asked to demonstrate their actual place ofbirth, as no such information exists on any official Swiss identification documents. Only a minority of Swiss citizens have a place of origin identical to theirbirthplace. More confusion comes into play through the fact that people can have more than one place of origin.Significance and historyA citizen of a municipalitydoes not enjoy a larger set of rights than a non-citizen of the same municipality. To vote in communal, cantonal or national matters, only the current place ofresidence matters – or in the case of citizens abroad, the last Swiss place of residence.The law previously required that a citizen's place of origin continued to bearall their social welfare costs for two years after the citizen moved away. In 2012, the National Council voted by 151 to 9 votes to abolish this law. The place ofdomicile is now the sole payer of welfare costs.In 1923, 1937, 1959 and 1967, more cantons signed treaties that assured that the place of domicile had to paywelfare costs instead of the place of origin, reflecting the fact that fewer and fewer people lived in their place of origin (1860: 59%, in 1910: 34%).In 1681, theTagsatzung – the then Swiss parliament – decided that beggars should be deported to their place of origin, especially if they were insufficiently cared for by theirresidential community.In the 19th century, Swiss municipalities even offered free emigration to the United States if the Swiss citizen agreed to renouncemunicipal citizenship, and with that the right to receive welfare.See alsoAncestral home (Chinese)Bon-gwanRegistered domicile== Notes and references==Passage 2:Motherland (disambiguation)Motherland is the place of one's birth, the place of one's ancestors, or the place of origin of an ethnic group.Motherlandmay also refer to:Music"Motherland" (anthem), the national anthem of MauritiusNational Song (Montserrat), also called "Motherland"Motherland (NatalieMerchant album), 2001Motherland (Arsonists Get All the Girls album), 2011Motherland (Daedalus album), 2011"Motherland" (Crystal Kay song), 2004Film andtelevisionMotherland (1927 film), a 1927 British silent war filmMotherland (2010 film), a 2010 documentary filmMotherland (2015 film), a 2015 TurkishdramaMotherland (2022 film), a 2022 documentary film about the Second Nagorno-Karabakh WarMotherland (TV series), a 2016 British televisionseriesMotherland: Fort Salem, a 2020 American science fiction drama seriesOther usesMotherland Party (disambiguation), the name of several politicalgroupsPersonifications of Russia, including a list of monuments called MotherlandSee alsoAll pages with titles containing MotherlandMother Country(disambiguation)Passage 3:Beaulieu-sur-LoireBeaulieu-sur-Loire (French pronunciation: [boljø sy lwa], literally Beaulieu on Loire) is a commune in the Loiretdepartment in north-central France. It is the place of death of Jacques MacDonald, a French general who served in the Napoleonic Wars.PopulationSeealsoCommunes of the Loiret departmentPassage 4:Brooklyn SudanoBrooklyn Sudano is an American actress and director. She starred as Vanessa Scott in theABC comedy series My Wife and Kids and later played the leading role in the 2006 drama film Rain. Sudano has appeared in films such as Alone in the Dark II(2008), Turn the Beat Around (2010) and With This Ring (2015), and starred in the NBC action series, Taken (2017).Sudano is the daughter of GrammyAward-winning singer Donna Summer and songwriter Bruce Sudano, and the older sister of Amanda Sudano of the music duo Johnnyswim. Sudano directed thedocumentary film, Love to Love You, Donna Summer, which premiered in 2023.Early lifeSudano was born in Los Angeles, California, to African American singerDonna Summer and Italian American songwriter Bruce Sudano. She was named after her father's hometown of Brooklyn, New York City. Her younger sister (by19 months) is singer and songwriter Amanda Sudano of Johnnyswim. She has an older half-sister, Mimi Sommer, from her mother's first marriage to HelmutSommer. As a baby, she was featured in her mother's song "Brooklyn" on the record I'm a Rainbow.Sudano spent the early part of her childhood on a 56-acreranch in Thousand Oaks, California until her family moved to Connecticut when she was 10 years old. When she was 14, her family relocated to Nashville,Tennessee. Here, Sudano gravitated toward the arts. She also sang in the gospel choir at church. Sudano and her sisters spent summers touring and singingbacking vocals for their famous mother. In her leisure, she studied dance and wrote songs.She attended high school at Christ Presbyterian Academy where sheappeared in all the theater productions. Sometimes Sudano accompanied her parents while they toured around the world, continuing her studies with tutors. Adistinguished student, she was valedictorian at her graduation.Upon graduation, Sudano chose to attend Vanderbilt University, having also been accepted atBrown, Duke, and Georgetown University. However, she eventually left Vanderbilt early to study at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute in NewYork.CareerWhile studying acting in New York, Sudano was spotted by a modelling agent and signed to the Ford Modeling Agency. She appeared in numerousadvertising campaigns in print and television, including Clairol, Clean & Clear and K-Mart. In 2003, Sudano replaced Meagan Good as Vanessa Scott on My Wifeand Kids. Vanessa is Junior's girlfriend and later wife, who first appears in the season finale of season 3 (played by Good). Sudano continued as a regular castmember throughout the rest of the series' five-year run.In 2006, Sudano made her big screen debut with the leading role in the film adaptation of V. C. Andrews'novel Rain. She appeared in the horror films Somebody Help Me (2007) and Alone in the Dark II (2008) and well as the MTV romantic drama film, Turn the BeatAround in 2010. In 2015, she co-starred opposite Regina Hall, Jill Scott and Eve in the romantic comedy-drama, With This Ring. On television, Sudano gueststarred on Cuts, CSI: NY, $#*! My Dad Says, Body of Proof and Ballers. In 2016, she played the role of Christy Epping in the Hulu miniseries 11.22.63. In 2017,Sudano starred in the first season of NBC's action series, Taken. In 2021, she began starring as Angela Prescott in the Freeform thriller series, CruelSummer.Alongside Roger Ross Williams, Sudano directed the 2023 documentary film, Love to Love You, Donna Summer about her mother, Donna Summer. Ithad its world premiere at the 73rd Berlin International Film Festival.Personal lifeSudano married her longtime boyfriend, Mike McGlaflin, on October 8, 2006. Thecouple's wedding inspired Bruce Sudano's song "It's Her Wedding Day".Sudano and McGlaflin have a daughter, and reside in the Los Angelesarea.FilmographyFilmTelevisionPassage 5:Place of birthThe place of birth (POB) or birthplace is the place where a person was born. This place is often used inlegal documents, together with name and date of birth, to uniquely identify a person. Practice regarding whether this place should be a country, a territory or acity/town/locality differs in different countries, but often city or territory is used for native-born citizen passports and countries for foreign-born ones.As a generalrule with respect to passports, if the place of birth is to be a country, it's determined to be the country that currently has sovereignty over the actual place ofbirth, regardless of when the birth actually occurred. The place of birth is not necessarily the place where the parents of the new baby live. If the baby is born in ahospital in another place, that place is the place of birth. In many countries, this also means that the government requires that the birth of the new baby isregistered in the place of birth.Some countries place less or no importance on the place of birth, instead using alternative geographical characteristics for the


Passage 1:Olav AaraasOlav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director.He was born in Fredrikstad. From 1982 to 1993 he was thedirector of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to 2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the Norwegian Museum of CulturalHistory. In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.Passage 2:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film andTV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)Minnamurra(1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)NotQuite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)Passage 3:Jesse E. HobsonJesse EdwardHobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director of SRI International from 1947 to 1955. Prior to SRI, he was the director of the Armour ResearchFoundation.Early life and educationHobson was born in Marshall, Indiana. He received bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from PurdueUniversity and a PhD in electrical engineering from the California Institute of Technology. Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstanding engineer.Hobsonmarried Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had five children.CareerAwards and membershipsHobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948.Passage4:Jason Moore (director)Jason Moore (born October 22, 1970) is an American director of film, theatre and television.Life and careerJason Moore was born inFayetteville, Arkansas, and studied at Northwestern University. Moore's Broadway career began as a resident director of Les Misérables at the Imperial Theatre induring its original run. He is the son of Fayetteville District Judge Rudy Moore.In March 2003, Moore directed the musical Avenue Q, which opened Off-Broadwayat the Vineyard Theatre and then moved to Broadway at the John Golden Theatre in July 2003.  He was nominated for a 2004 Tony Award for his direction. Moorealso directed productions of the musical in Las Vegas and London and the show's national tour. Moore directed the 2005 Broadway revival of Steel Magnolias andShrek the Musical, starring Brian d'Arcy James and Sutton Foster which opened on Broadway in 2008. He directed the concert of Jerry Springer — The Opera atCarnegie Hall in January 2008.Moore, Jeff Whitty, Jake Shears, and John "JJ" Garden worked together on a new musical based on Armistead Maupin's Tales of theCity. The musical premiered at the American Conservatory Theater, San Francisco, California in May 2011 and ran through July 2011.For television, Moore hasdirected episodes of Dawson's Creek, One Tree Hill, Everwood, and Brothers & Sisters. As a writer, Moore adapted the play The Floatplane Notebooks with PaulFitzgerald from the novel by Clyde Edgerton. A staged reading of the play was presented at the New Play Festival at the Charlotte, North Carolina RepertoryTheatre in 1996, with a fully staged production in 1998.In 2012, Moore made his film directorial debut with Pitch Perfect, starring Anna Kendrick and BrittanySnow. He also served as an executive producer on the sequel. He directed the film Sisters, starring Tina Fey and Amy Poehler, which was released on December18, 2015. Moore's next project will be directing a live action Archie movie.FilmographyFilmsPitch Perfect (2012)Sisters (2015)Shotgun Wedding(2022)TelevisionSoundtrack writerPitch Perfect 2 (2015) (Also executive producer)The Voice (2015) (1 episode)Passage 5:S. N. MathurS.N. Mathur was theDirector of the Indian Intelligence Bureau between September 1975 and February 1980. He was also the Director General of Police in Punjab.Passage 6:DanaBlanksteinDana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School. She was appointed by the boardof directors  in November 2019.  Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television. She is a film director, and an Israeli cultureentrepreneur.BiographyDana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatre director Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein. She moved to Israelin 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv.Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with high honors. During her studiesshe worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina's Tragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners.  She also directed and shot'the making of' film on Gavison's film Lost and Found. Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival, 2007.Film and academiccareerAfter her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and television department at the Kfar Saba municipality. The department encouraged and promotedproductions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educational community activities.Blankstein directed the mini-series"Tel Aviviot" (2012). From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television.In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed thenew director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees the Sam Spiegel International Film Lab. In 2022, she spearheaded the launchof the new Series Lab and the film preparatory program for Arabic speakers in east Jerusalem.FilmographyTel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)Growing Pains(graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)Camping (debut film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)Passage 7:Peter LevinPeterLevin is an American director of film, television and theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television andtelevision films. Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, LouGrant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reasonto Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films. He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wifeAudrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in severalBroadway productions. He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army. Hetrained at the Carnegie Mellon University. Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific ResidentTheatre Company. He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associateartist of The Interact Theatre Company.Passage 8:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museumdirector who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for17 months, resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He was the director of the Hood Museumof Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United Statesafter leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum ofArt. On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career in IrelandKennedy was bornin Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied bothart history and history.He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester BeattyLibrary (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was AssistantDirector at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of theCouncil of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003. In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery ofAustralia (NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad,increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years ofthe museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions.During hisdirectorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship. However, the initialdesign for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was notdelivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later.  Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art,including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museumby acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; andthe Australian Print Workshop Archive. He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King EdwardTerrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above).Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGAfrom 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too closeto the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor. However, there were other exhibitionsat the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging toCharles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn. Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which usedelephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous. The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was"Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion." In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events inNew York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art". He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far."Kennedy


Passage 1:The Messenger (2009 film)The Messenger is a 2009 war drama film starring Ben Foster, Woody Harrelson, Samantha Morton, Steve Buscemi, and JenaMalone. It is the directorial debut of Oren Moverman, who also wrote the screenplay with Alessandro Camon.The film premiered at the 2009 Sundance FilmFestival and was in competition at the 59th Berlin International Film Festival where it won the Silver Bear for Best Screenplay and the Berlinale Peace Film Award'09. The film received first prize for the 2009 Deauville American Film Festival. The film has also received four Independent Spirit Award nominations (includingone win), a Golden Globe nomination, and two Oscar nominations.PlotOn leave from the Iraq War, Will Montgomery, a U.S. Army staff sergeant, finds that hisgirlfriend Kelly is engaged to another man. Before he is to be discharged, he is dispatched as a casualty notification officer along with Gulf War veteran CaptainTony Stone as his mentor. He is told of the importance of his task by Lieutenant Colonel Dorsett as many have failed. Stone then relays the rules of telling next ofkin of a tragedy. On the job, their first report to the family prompts the mother to slap Stone, as she and his pregnant fiancé weep over the deceased; a mannamed Dale Martin angrily throws things at Will; a woman who secretly married an enlisted man cries in his arms after learning of her husband's death; a Mexicanman who is told through a translator about the death of his daughter cries in front of his other child; and a woman named Olivia is in considerably less visible painafter learning of her husband's death. Stone suspects it is due to her having an affair.In a bar, Will and Stone discuss their lives to each other. Will talks about hisgirlfriend rejecting him and tells Stone about his father's death due to drunk driving, along with tales of his estranged mother. Will sees Olivia with her son at amall buying clothes for her husband's funeral, breaking up a fight between her and two Army recruiters attempting to enlist boys and girls, before offering her aride. He fixes her car and becomes friends with both her and her young son Matt. After hearing a voicemail from Kelly talking about her upcoming wedding, hepunches a hole through his wall in a fit of rage, which further aggravates his hand. He arrives at Olivia's house and the two express affection for each other, buthis attempts at physical intimacy are met with hesitancy as she tells him about how her husband mistreated her and her son.When Will comforts a family in alocal grocery store after telling them of their son's fate, Stone physically berates him for it. Will stands up to his rank by using his first name "Tony"  beforewalking home on his own. They later make up and spend the next few days together, where Stone has a hookup and unsuccessfully tries to get Will to do thesame. They end up at Kelly's wedding drunk and make a scene, fight in a parking lot, then wake up in a forest after passing out and go home. Martin is there, andhe apologizes for lashing out at Will. In Tony's apartment, Will tells Tony about his experience with a friend who died while fighting in Iraq - an event that resultedin his chronic damage to his left eye - and how he feels his bravery was meaningless as he could not do anything for him; he contemplated suicide soon after, butstopped himself when he saw the sunrise. Hearing this, Tony breaks down in tears.The next day, Olivia decides to move from her house. She tells Will that she isgoing with her son to Louisiana; Will tells her he is considering staying in the army. He asks Olivia to let him know their new address; she asks him to come withher into the house.CastProductionThe Messenger marked the directorial debut of Israeli screenwriter and former journalist Oren Moverman.  Though SydneyPollack, Roger Michell, and Ben Affleck were all attached to direct the movie at various times, when those talks fell through, the producers eventually askedMoverman to helm the project. The filmmakers worked closely with the United States Army and the Walter Reed Medical Center to conduct research on militarylife, and were specifically advised by Lieutenant Colonel Paul Sinor as a technical consultant.ReleaseThe Messenger premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festivalbefore receiving a limited release in North America in 4 theaters. It grossed $44,523 for an average of $11,131 per theater ranking 46th at the box office, andwent on to earn $1.1 million domestically and $411,601 internationally for a total of $1.5 million, against its budget of $6.5 million.ReceptionCritical responseOnRotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 90%, based on 162 reviews, with an average rating of 7.51/10. The site's critical consensus states, "A darkbut timely subject is handled deftly by writer/director Owen Moverman and superbly acted by Woody Harrelson and Ben Foster." On Metacritic, the film has ascore of 77 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".Harrelson's performance was subject to considerable praise, leading to GoldenGlobe and Oscar nominations for Best Supporting Actor.Awards and nominationsTop ten listsThe Messenger, upon receiving strong positive reviews fromaudiences, appeared on several critics' top ten lists of the best films of 2009.3rd: Robert Mondello, NPR4th: Ty Burr, Boston Globe4th: Stephen Holden, The NewYork Times9th: Frank Scheck, The Hollywood Reporter10th: Peter Travers, Rolling StoneTop 10: David Denby, The New YorkerPassage 2:Olav AaraasOlav Aaraas(born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director.He was born in Fredrikstad. From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum,from 1993 to 2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History. In 2010 he wasdecorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.Passage 3:Jeffrey MessengerJeffrey Messenger (born November 28, 1949) is an American politician. He is aformer member of the Missouri House of Representatives from the 130th district from 2013 to 2021. He is a member of the Republican party.Passage 4:LisaMessengerLisa Messenger (born 1971) is an Australian entrepreneur and author. She is the owner and creative director of marketing for The Messenger Group, abook publishing company. As well as the founder and Editor in Chief of Collective Hub.BackgroundMessenger grew up on a large farm outside Coolah, centralwestern New South Wales, Australia and now lives north of Bondi Beach, Sydney.Her first job was as a riding instructor. She graduated from a boarding school inSydney and Southern Cross University (Bachelor of Business, 1999). She worked for several years before taking her degree. She founded The Messenger Groupin 2001 in Sydney, brokering sponsorship deals and doing public relations and marketing.Her self-help and entrepreneurship books reveal several major personalchallenges as well as business success. She was married and divorced, and as detailed in her 2016 books, was engaged to an entrepreneur in 2015. In 2023, herfriend is acting as a surrogate mother.BusinessesThe Messenger Group is a media company. Lisa Messenger launched it as a publishing company in 2001, and itnow has 18 arms including a lifestyle website, publishing, events, marketing consultancy, and homewares. The Group has published around 400 books.  Collectivewas launched in 2013 with $1.5 million of her own money, as an "entrepreneurial and lifestyle" print magazine, alongside a website and events company. In2015, Collective was distributed in 37 countries.In October 2017, the Group announced that this flagship publication would shift from monthly to bi-monthly after"several redundancies as the business streamlines itself around the three key pillars of print, digital and events."On 26 March 2018, Messenger announced thatthe print edition would close. Messenger also closed the Sydney office. Financial and creative reasons were given, and she wrote a book about the process.Several months later, the print edition was reinstated, although with one-off issues and freelance contracts for a smaller number of journalists.BooksMessengerhas written several lifestyle and business books. Most were published by her own company, although Daring & Disruptive was also published by Simon &Schuster.Messenger, L. 2022. Start Up To Scale Up. The Messenger Group.Messenger, L. 2021. 365 Days Of Kindness. The Messenger Group.Messenger, L. 2020.Life In Lessons. The Messenger Group.Messenger, L. 2019. Daily Mantras To Ignite Your Purpose. The Messenger Group.Messenger, L. 2018. Risk & Resilience;Breaking & Remaking a Brand. The Messenger Group.Messenger, L. 2018. Work From Wherever. The Messenger Group.Messenger, L. 2016. Daring & Disruptive:Unleashing the Entrepreneur. Simon & Schuster/North Star WayMessenger, L. 2016. Daring & Disruptive playbook. The Messenger Group.Messenger, L. 2016.Breakups and Breakthroughs. The Messenger Group.Messenger, L. 2015. Life & Love: Creating the Dream. The Messenger Group.Messenger, L. 2015. Money andMindfulness playbook. The Messenger Group.Messenger, L. 2015. Money and Mindfulness: living in abundance. The Messenger Group.Messenger, L. 2012. SocialMedia to Boost Your Brand. The Messenger Group.Messenger, L. 2011. Books to Boost Your Brand. The Messenger Group.Messenger, L. and C. Gray (eds.) 2009.Property Investing - The Australian Way. Messenger Publishing.Messenger, L. 2009. Maverick Marketing. The Messenger Group.Messenger, L. and Z. Liew 2009.Cubicle Commando: Intrapreneurs, Innovation and Corporate Realities. Messenger Publishing.Messenger, L. 2009. Happiness Is.... MessengerPublishing.AwardsSouthern Cross University Alumni of the Year (2010)Thought Leaders Entrepreneur of the Year (2008)Passage 5:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry isan Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986)(mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie andMe (2002) (TV movie)Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)Passage 6:MarkusZusakMarkus Zusak (born 23 June 1975) is an Australian writer. He is best known for The Book Thief and The Messenger, two novels which became internationalbestsellers. He won the Margaret A. Edwards Award in 2014.Early lifeZusak was born in Sydney, Australia. His mother Lisa is originally from Germany and hisfather Helmut is Austrian. They emigrated to Australia in the late 1950s. Zusak is the youngest of four children and has two sisters and one brother. He attendedEngadine High School and briefly returned there to teach English while writing. He studied English and history at the University of New South Wales, graduatingwith a Bachelor of Arts and a Diploma of Education.CareerZusak is the author of six books. His first three books, The Underdog, Fighting Ruben Wolfe, and WhenDogs Cry, released between 1999 and 2001, were all published internationally. The Messenger, published in 2002, won the 2003 CBC Book of the Year Award(Older Readers) and the 2003 NSW Premier's Literary Award (Ethel Turner Prize) in Australia and was a runner-up for the Printz Award in America.The Book Thief


Passage 1:The Invisible Man (1984 film)The Invisible Man (Russian: Человек-невидимка, romanized: Chelovek-nevidimka) is a 1984 Soviet science fiction filmdirected by Aleksandr Zakharov based on the 1897 eponymous novel by H. G. Wells.PlotDr. Griffin, with no other motive than curiosity, undertakes research onthe concept of invisibility. Having become invisible, he finds himself in an unfortunate combination of circumstances consisting of being suspected of murder andhunted down, forced to abandon the notebooks containing the notes of his experiences that would enable him to carry out the opposite process. His formerclassmate Dr. Kemp promises to find them, but in fact intends to use them himself in search of absolute power.CastAndrey Kharitonov as  Jonathan Griffin, TheInvisible ManRomualdas Ramanauskas (voiced by Sergei Malishevsky) as KempLeonid Kuravlyov as Thomas MarvelNatalia Danilova as Jane BetOleg Golubitsky asColonel Edai, Chief of PoliceNina Agapova as Mrs. HallViktor Sergachyov as Mr. HallAlexander Pyatkov as Bar ownerPassage 2:The Invisible Man AttacksTheInvisible Man Attacks (Spanish:El Hombre invisible ataca) is a 1967 Argentine comedy film.CastMartin KaradagiánGilda LousekTristanRicardo PassanoJoerigoliGuillermo BattagliaNathan PinzónGobbi dartMila DemarieThe Gypsy IvanoffOscar OrleguiSusana MayoExternal linksThe Invisible Man Attacks atIMDbPassage 3:Big PalBig Pal is a 1925 American silent sports drama film directed by John G. Adolfi and starring William Russell, Julanne Johnston and MaryCarr. It was released in Britain in 1926, distributed by Wardour Films.PlotAs described in a film magazine review, Judge Truscott's daughter Helen spurns hiswealthy lifestyle and goes to do social work in poorer neighborhoods. She is saved from a runaway horse accident by Dan Williams, champion pugilist, and awarm friendship develops between them. On the eve of a championship battle, Dan's favorite nephew, little Johnny, is abducted by criminals, and Dan is notifiedthat unless he quits during the fifth round of the boxing match, the lad's life will be sacrificed. He decides to lose, but, as the fifth round approaches, Helenappears ringside along with Johnny, who had escaped his abductors. Dan cuts loose, winning the match and the affections of Helen.CastWilliam Russell as DanWilliamsJulanne Johnston as Helen TruscottMary Carr as Mary WilliamsMickey Bennett as Johnny WilliamsHayden Stevenson as Tim WilliamsHenry A. Barrows asJudge TruscottFrank Hagney as Bill HoganWilliam Bailey as Undetermined Secondary Role (uncredited)Buck Black as One of the Kids (uncredited)Alison Skipworthas Agatha Briggs, truant officer (uncredited)PreservationA newly restored copy of Big Pal exists at the Library of Congress.Passage 4:Abbott and Costello Meet theInvisible ManAbbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man is a 1951 American science fiction comedy film directed by Charles Lamont and starring the team ofAbbott and Costello alongside Nancy Guild.The film depicts the misadventures of Lou Francis and Bud Alexander, two private detectives investigating the murderof a boxing promoter. The film was part of a series in which the duo meet classic characters from Universal's stable, including Frankenstein, the Mummy and theKeystone Kops.PlotLou Francis and Bud Alexander have just graduated from a private detective school. Tommy Nelson, a middleweight boxer, comes to themwith their first case. Tommy recently escaped from jail after being accused of murdering his manager, and asks the duo to accompany him on a visit to hisfiancée, Helen Gray. He wants her uncle, Dr. Philip Gray, to inject him with a special serum which will render Tommy invisible, and hopes to use the newfoundinvisibility to investigate his manager's murder and prove his innocence. Dr. Gray adamantly refuses, arguing that the serum is still unstable, recalling that theformula's discoverer, Jack Griffin, was driven insane by the formula and did not become visible again until after he was killed. However, as the police arriveTommy injects himself with it and successfully becomes invisible. Detective Roberts questions Dr. Gray and Helen while Bud and Lou search for Tommy.Helen andTommy convince Bud and Lou to help them seek the real killer, after Tommy explains that the motive for the murder occurred after he refused to "throw" a fight,knocking his opponent, Rocky Hanlon, out cold. Morgan, the promoter who fixed the fight, ordered Tommy's manager beaten to death while framing Tommy forthe crime. In order to investigate undercover, Lou poses as a boxer, with Bud as his manager. They go to Stillwell's gym, where Lou gets in the ring with Rocky.Tommy, still invisible, gets into the ring with them and again knocks out Hanlon, making it look like Lou did it, and an official match is arranged. Needing to proveMorgan was behind the plot to frame Tommy, Bud and Lou go out to the same restaurant to covertly spy on him alongside an invisible Tommy. But the effects ofthe serum and Tommy getting drunk make the task difficult for the two who have to keep covering for him. Morgan pays off Lou to throw the fight, but when thematch occurs with the aid of an invisible Tommy, Hanlon is knocked out yet again after a wildly chaotic boxing match. Morgan plans Bud's murder, but is thwartedby Tommy. Bud, Lou, and Tommy fight off Morgan and his goons, but when Tommy is rendered partially visible from some steam he is wounded in the battle andbegins to bleed badly. The protagonists rush to the hospital where a blood transfusion is arranged between Lou and Tommy, thanks to Lou having the same bloodtype. During the transfusion Tommy becomes visible again – some of Tommy's blood has apparently entered Lou, who briefly turns invisible, only to reappearwith his legs inexplicably on backwards.CastProductionAbbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man was filmed between October 3 and November 6, 1950. Thecharacters' surnames "Alexander" and "Francis" are Abbott's and Costello's real middle names.The special effects, which depicted invisibility and other opticalillusions, were created by Stanley Horsley, son of cinema pioneer David Horsley. He also did the special effects for The Invisible Man Returns, The InvisibleWoman and Invisible Agent.As a reference to the first Invisible Man film, a photo is featured of the serum's inventor, Dr. John "Jack" Griffin, which is actually apicture of Claude Rains, who played the role in Universal's first Invisible Man film in 1933.When asked by a reporter whom he has fought in the past, Lou answers,"Chuck Lamont, Bud Grant". The film's director and screenwriter, respectively, are Charles Lamont and John Grant.ReleaseThe film had a preview screening atThe Fox theater in St. Louis, Missouri, on March 9, 1951. The film saw release on Wednesday, March 14.Home mediaThis film has been released several times onDVD. First on The Best of Abbott and Costello Volume Three, on August 3, 2004, on October 28, 2008, as part of Abbott and Costello: The Complete UniversalPictures Collection, and in 2015 in the Abbott and Costello Meet the Monsters Collection. Later, the film was included in the 3-disc The Invisible Man: TheComplete Legacy Collection and the 21-disc Universal Classic Monsters: Complete 30-Film Collection, both released on September 2, 2014. It was released onBlu-ray on August 28, 2018.NotesPassage 5:The Invisible Woman (1940 film)The Invisible Woman is an American science fiction comedy film directed by A.Edward Sutherland. It is the third film in Universal Pictures' The Invisible Man film series, following The Invisible Man and The Invisible Man Returns, which werereleased earlier in the year. It was more of a screwball comedy than a horror film like the others in the series. Universal  released The Invisible Woman onDecember 27, 1940.The film stars Virginia Bruce, John Barrymore, John Howard, Charlie Ruggles, and Oscar Homolka, and features Margaret Hamilton, CharlesLane and Shemp Howard.PlotWealthy lawyer Richard Russell (John Howard) funds the dotty old inventor Professor Gibbs (John Barrymore) creation of aninvisibility device. The first test subject for this machine is Kitty Carroll (Virginia Bruce), a department store model who has been fired from her previous job. Themachine proves quite successful, and Kitty uses her invisible state to pay back her sadistic former boss, Mr. Growley (Charles Lane).While the Professor and theinvisible Kitty are off visiting Russell's lodge,   gangster Blackie Cole (Oscar Homolka) sends in his gang of moronic thugs—including “Hammerhead’ (ShempHoward)—to steal the device. Once the machine is back at their hideout, they cannot get it to work.  Kitty is now visible, and  Blackie sends the gang to kidnapher and the Professor. Kitty learns that alcohol will restore her invisibility, and, with Russell's help, she exploits this to defeat the gang.Cut to the end of the film.Kitty has married Richard and become a mother. After an alcohol rub, their infant son begins to fade from view. “Hmmm,” the  Professor says to the audience.“Hereditary!”CastCast is sourced from the book Universal Horrors:ProductionAfter the success of The Invisible Man Returns, Universal Pictures began work on afollowup and signed Curt Siodmak to develop the idea in 1940 with comedy writers Frederic I. Rinaldo and Robert Lees. Universal gave the film a $300,000budget. Margaret Sullivan had originally been slated for the role of the invisible woman because she owed Universal one more film in her contract. Director JohnCromwell approached Sullivan about playing the lead in So Ends Our Night, and she failed to report to Universal for The Invisible Woman. Sullivan received arestraining order preventing her from working elsewhere. Eventually, she was allowed to finish So Ends the Night, as long as she continued work on two films forUniversal. Virginia Bruce was cast as the invisible woman and signed her contract on September 12, 1940.John Barrymore began to have trouble memorizing hisdialogue. According to John Howard, Barrymore began cutting up the script and placing pieces on the set—behind vases, phones or other props—so he could readthe lines.Howard says  that "Barrymore was an ordinary fellow. He wasn't stuffy and he had no pretense whatsoever. Even in pictures that you felt weren't up tosnuff, I don't think he showed any disdain. We knew perfectly well The Invisible Woman wasn't going to be an award-winning picture, but it was fun to do. No onetook it seriously".Maria Montez is among the cast, in her first film role.ReceptionThe film was nominated for the 14th Academy Awards for Special Effects. (At thetime, the category embraced photographic and sound effects.) The photographic effects were by John Fulton and the sound effects by John Hall.  I Wanted Wingswon the Oscar for Special Effects. At the time of its release, this film was considered slightly risqué because much is made of the fact that the heroine, thoughinvisible, is naked during much of the action.On its release, The Invisible Woman grossed a total of just under $660,000. Universal followed it with Invisible Agenton July 31, 1942.Theodore Strauss of The New York Times called the film "silly, banal and repetitious ... The script is as creaky as a two-wheeled cart and were itnot for the fact that John Barrymore is taking a ride in it we hate to think what The Invisible Woman might have turned out to be".  Variety called it "good


Passage 1:Lương Hoàng NamLương Hoàng Nam (born 2 March 1997) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a central midfielder for V.League 1 club HảiPhòng.HonoursCông An Nhân DânV.League 2: 2022Passage 2:John McMahon (Surrey and Somerset cricketer)John William Joseph McMahon (28 December 1917– 8 May 2001) was an Australian-born first-class cricketer who played for Surrey and Somerset County Cricket Clubs in England from 1947 to 1957.SurreycricketerMcMahon was an orthodox left-arm spin bowler with much variation in speed and flight who was spotted by Surrey playing in club cricket in North Londonand brought on to the county's staff for the 1947 season at the age of 29. In the first innings of his first match, against Lancashire at The Oval, he took fivewickets for 81 runs.In his first full season, 1948, he was Surrey's leading wicket-taker and in the last home game of the season he was awarded his county cap –he celebrated by taking eight Northamptonshire wickets for 46 runs at The Oval, six of them coming in the space of 6.3 overs for seven runs. This would remainthe best bowling performance of his first-class career, not surpassed, but he did equal it seven years later. In the following game, the last away match of theseason, he took 10 Hampshire wickets for 150 runs in the match at Bournemouth. In the 1948 season as a whole, he took 91 wickets at an average of 28.07. As atail-end left-handed batsman, he managed just 93 runs in the season at an average of 4.22.The emergence of Tony Lock as a slow left-arm bowler in 1949brought a stuttering end of McMahon's Surrey career. Though he played in 12 first-class matches in the 1949 season, McMahon took only 19 wickets; a similarnumber of matches in 1950 brought 34 wickets. In 1951, he played just seven times and in 1952 only three times. In 1953, Lock split the first finger of his lefthand, and played in only 11 of Surrey's County Championship matches; McMahon played as his deputy in 14 Championship matches, though a measure of theircomparative merits was that Lock's 11 games produced 67 wickets at 12.38 runs apiece, while McMahon's 14 games brought him 45 wickets at the, for him, lowaverage of 21.53. At the end of the 1953 season, McMahon was allowed to leave Surrey to join Somerset, then languishing at the foot of the CountyChampionship and recruiting widely from other counties and other countries.Somerset cricketerSomerset's slow bowling in 1954 was in the hands of leg-spinnerJohnny Lawrence, with support from the off-spin of Jim Hilton while promising off-spinner Brian Langford was on national service. McMahon filled a vacancy for aleft-arm orthodox spinner that had been there since the retirement of Horace Hazell at the end of the 1952 season; Hazell's apparent successor, Roy Smith, hadfailed to realise his promise as a bowler in 1953, though his batting had advanced significantly.McMahon instantly became a first-team regular and played inalmost every match during his four years with the county, not missing a single Championship game until he was controversially dropped from the side in August1957, after which he did not play in the Championship again.In the 1954 season, McMahon, alongside fellow newcomer Hilton, was something of adisappointment, according to Wisden: "The new spin bowlers, McMahon and Hilton, did not attain to the best standards of their craft in a wet summer, yet, likethe rest of the attack, they would have fared better with reasonable support in the field and from their own batsmen," it said. McMahon took 85 wickets at anaverage of 27.47 (Hilton took only 42 at a higher average). His best match was against Essex at Weston-super-Mare where he took six for 96 in the first inningsand five for 45 in the second to finish with match figures of 11 for 141, which were the best of his career. He was awarded his county cap in the 1954 season, butSomerset remained at the bottom of the table.The figures for the 1955 were similar: McMahon this time took 75 wickets at 28.77 apiece. There was a smallimprovement in his batting and the arrival of Bryan Lobb elevated McMahon to No 10 in the batting order for most of the season, and he responded with 262 runsand an average of 9.03. This included his highest-ever score, 24, made in the match against Sussex at Frome. A week later in Somerset's next match, heequalled his best-ever bowling performance, taking eight Kent wickets for 46 runs in the first innings of a match at Yeovil through what Wisden called "clevervariation of flight and spin". These matches brought two victories for Somerset, but there were only two others in the 1955 season and the side finished at thebottom of the Championship for the fourth season running.At the end of the 1955 season, Lawrence retired and McMahon became Somerset's senior spin bowlerfor the 1956 season, with Langford returning from National Service as the main support. McMahon responded with his most successful season so far, taking 103wickets at an average of 25.57, the only season in his career in which he exceeded 100 wickets. The bowling average improved still further in 1957 to 23.10 whenMcMahon took 86 wickets. But his season came to an abrupt end in mid-August 1957 when, after 108 consecutive Championship matches, he was dropped fromthe first team during the Weston-super-Mare festival. Though he played some games for the second eleven later in August, he regained his place in the first teamfor only a single end-of-season friendly match, and he was told that his services were not required for the future, a decision, said Wisden, that "proved highlycontroversial".Sacked by SomersetThe reason behind McMahon's sacking did not become public knowledge for many years. In its obituary of him in 2002,McMahon was described by Wisden as "a man who embraced the antipodean virtues of candour and conviviality". It went on: "Legend tells of a night at the FlyingHorse Inn in Nottingham when he beheaded the gladioli with an ornamental sword, crying: 'When Mac drinks, everybody drinks!'" The obituary recounts a furtherescapade in second eleven match at Midsomer Norton where a curfew imposed on the team was circumvented by "a POW-type loop" organised by McMahon,"with his team-mates escaping through a ground-storey window and then presenting themselves again". As the only Somerset second eleven match thatMcMahon played in at Midsomer Norton was right at the end of the 1957 season, this may have been the final straw. But in any case there had been "anembarrassing episode at Swansea's Grand Hotel" earlier in the season, also involving Jim Hilton, who was also dismissed at the end of the season. Team-matesand club members petitioned for McMahon to be reinstated, but the county club was not to be moved.After a period in Lancashire League cricket with MilnrowCricket Club, McMahon moved back to London where he did office work, later contributing some articles to cricket magazines.== Notes and references==Passage 3:Isabella HarwoodIsabella Harwood or Ross Neil (14 June 1837 – 29 May 1888) was a British novelist who also wrote dramas inverse.BiographyHarwood was probably born in Dorset in 1837 where her parents Phillip Harwood and his wife Isabella Neil lived. Phillip Harwood was then aUnitarian minister in Bridport.Between 1864 and 1870 she wrote four sensational novels which were published without attribution. Between 1871 and 1883 shewrote a number of unfashionable blank verse dramas which were said to be readable. Two were produced in Edinburgh and London but they were not favourablyreceived.Harwood lived with her father in London and then in Hastings. She died in St Mary-in-the-Castle in 1888 in Hastings a year after herfather.WorksNovelsAbbot's CleveCarleton GrangeRaymond's HeroineKathleenThe Heir ExpectantPlaysLady Jane Grey; Inez, or, The Bride of PortugalPlaysThe Cid;The King and the Angel; Duke for a Day; or The Tailor of BrusselsElfinella, or, Home from Fairyland; Lord and Lady RussellArabella Stuart; The Heir of Linne;TassoEglantineAndrea the Painter; Claudia's Choice; Orestes; PandoraPassage 4:Henry Moore (cricketer)Henry Walter Moore (1849 – 20 August 1916) was anEnglish-born first-class cricketer who spent most of his life in New Zealand.Life and familyHenry Moore was born in Cranbrook, Kent, in 1849. He was the son ofthe Reverend Edward Moore and Lady Harriet Janet Sarah Montagu-Scott, who was one of the daughters of the 4th Duke of Buccleuch. One of his brothers,Arthur, became an admiral and was knighted. Their great grandfather was John Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1783 to 1805. One of their sisters was amaid of honour to Queen Victoria.Moore went to New Zealand in the 1870s and lived in Geraldine and Christchurch. He married Henrietta Lysaght of Hāwera inNovember 1879, and they had one son. In May 1884 she died a few days after giving birth to a daughter, who also died.In 1886 Moore became a Justice of thePeace in Geraldine. In 1897 he married Alice Fish of Geraldine. They moved to England four years before his death in 1916.Cricket careerMoore was aright-handed middle-order batsman. In consecutive seasons, 1876–77 and 1877–78, playing for Canterbury, he made the highest score in the short New Zealandfirst-class season: 76 and 75 respectively. His 76 came in his first match for Canterbury, against Otago. He went to the wicket early on the first day with the scoreat 7 for 2 and put on 99 for the third wicket with Charles Corfe before he was out with the score at 106 for 3 after a "very fine exhibition of free hitting, combinedwith good defence". Canterbury were all out for 133, but went on to win the match. His 75 came in the next season's match against Otago, when he took thescore from 22 for 2 to 136 for 6. The New Zealand cricket historian Tom Reese said, "Right from the beginning he smote the bowling hip and thigh, going out ofhis ground to indulge in some forceful driving." Canterbury won again.Moore led the batting averages in the Canterbury Cricket Association in 1877–78 with 379runs at an average of 34.4. Also in 1877–78, he was a member of the Canterbury team that inflicted the only defeat on the touring Australians. In 1896–97, atthe age of 47, he top-scored in each innings for a South Canterbury XVIII against the touring Queensland cricket team.Passage 5:Ross McMillanPeter RossMcMillan (born 2 June 1987) is a professional rugby union player. His position is hooker.  McMillan has previously played professionally for Nottingham,Gloucester, Moseley, Coventry, Birmingham & Solihull, Northampton, Bristol and Leicester Tigers.CareerBorn in Chesterfield, England McMillan representedEngland at U19 level whilst with his first professional club Nottingham.On 2 June 2006 Gloucester announced McMillan's signing on a 2 years contract ahead ofcompetition from other Premiership clubs to sign him from Nottingham.  For the 2007-08 season, Ross was dual-registered with Moseley.  In a friendly prior tothe 2008-09 season, McMillan suffered a ruptured cruciate ligament against Aviron Bayonnais, a season-ending injury.McMillan signed for Coventry in the summerof 2009.McMillan joined Northampton Saints midway through the 2011-2012 season from Birmingham & Solihull as a triallist. He was awarded a short-term