Passage 1:Albertine, baroness Staël von HolsteinHedvig Gustava Albertina, Baroness de Staël-Holstein or simply Albertine (1797–1838), was the daughter of Erik Magnus Staël von Holstein and Madame de Staël, the granddaughter of Jacques Necker and Suzanne Curchod, wife to Victor de Broglie (1785–1870), and mother to Albert, a French monarchist politician, and Louise, a novelist and biographer. Her biological father may have been the author Benjamin Constant.LifeAlbertina, still very much part of the de Staël circle, shared her grandfather's anglomania, and introduced her husband to the "erudite society that centred around that family." Victor de Broglie Souvenirs recall their married life and the political storms that surrounded it.Her letters were collected and edited by her son Albert and published in French and in English by Robert Baird as Transplanted flowers, or memoirs of Mrs. Rumpff, daughter of John Jacob Astor, Esq. and the Duchess de Broglie, daughter of Madame de Stael (1846).Passage 2:George Bogislaus Staël von HolsteinGeorge Bogislaus Staël von Holstein (born 6 December 1685 in Narva; died 17 December 1763 in Malmö) was a Swedish baron and field marshal. He was the Governor of Malmöhus County from 1754 to 1763.FamilyGeorge Bosiglaus Staël von Holstein was born on 6 December 1685, the son of Lt. Col. Johan Staël von Holstein and Julia Helena von der Pahlen. He was a member of the Staël von Holstein noble house which had then only recently joined the Swedish nobility.During his captivity in Russia he married the Countess Ingeborg Christina Horn af Rantzien in 1710, a daughter of the Field Marshal Henning Rudolf Horn von Rantzien, who had been taken captive with his daughters by the Russians during the Great Northern War.In 1722 Staël von Holstein planned a marriage with Sofia Elisabeth Ridderschantz. However, the marriage was broken off because his wife Ingeborg from Russia, where she had been held captive to that point, returned. In 1731 Staël von Holstein was raised to the rank of baron.In 1761 his first wife died, and Staël married Sofia Elisabeth Ridderschantz. Anna Helena Juliana, the daughter of George Bogislaus Staël von Holstein, died at the age of five. With her this branch of the Staël von Holstein noble family died out.Military careerStaël von Holstein began his military career on 20 February 1700 as a volunteer in the Swedish household guard. He was promoted to Unteroffizier (roughly equivalent to corporal) in the artillery. Staël von Holstein became a cornet in the Dragoon regiment of the province Ingria which was under the command of Otto Vellingk. He participated in the campaign in Livonia against the Russian and Saxon armies. He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1702 and a year later to Captain in the infantry regiment of Adam de la Gardie. This regiment was used in 1704 to free the besieged city of Narva from Russian troops. In April he was appointed commander of the grenadier company of this regiment.The Swedish attack failed and Staël von Holstein was captured. He was held captive in prison camps in Siberia and later in the region of Moscow. Staël von Holstein succeeded in being exchanged for a Russian officer in 1711. His wife, her sisters and his father-in-law were not allowed to leave Russia, however. After his return Staël von Holstein was under the direct command of the Swedish King Charles XII, who was in exile in Bender and was dispatched by him to the Skaraborg regiment.In 1713 Staël von Holstein was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and in 1715 he invaded Schonen with the Skaraborg regiment. Two years later he was appointed colonel. In 1718 he participated with his regiment in the campaign against Norway and took part in the Siege of Frederiksten.In 1719 the Skaraborg regiment was garrisoned in Göteborg. The attack of the Danish captain Peter Wessel Tordenskiold on the fortress of Nya Elfsborg was repulsed by his commander Johan Abraham Lillie with all his forces. The artillery division of the Skaraborg regiment began a counter-attack on the Danish navy on 24 July. They were so taken by surprise by artillery fire from land that the fleet withdrew and repulsed the attack.In 1720 Staël parted from the Swedish army and served in the following years under Duke Karl Friedrich von Holstein. He was a major general and commander in his bodyguard.In 1733 Staël von Holstein was appointed colonel and commandant of Kalmar Castle. A year later he was governor of Kalmar.Staël was appointed major-general in 1734. In 1742 he was the leader of the political group the Caps.In 1743 Staël von Holstein was promoted to lieutenant general. He was also a Knight in the Royal Order of the Seraphim. In 1754 he was appointed governor of Malmöhus län and commandant of Malmö. He remained in this position until his death.Civilian lifeIn 1737 Staël built a textile factory in Kalmar. In 1742 he founded the glasswork company Kosta Glasbruk together with the governor of Kronobergs län, Anders Koskull Kosta. Later Staël bought in the province of Halland a large property as a family seat. This was situated in the neighborhood of Vapnö and is still in the property of his family.Passage 3:Mathilda Staël von HolsteinChristina Mathilda Staël von Holstein (1876–1953) was a Swedish lawyer. She was the second woman to become a lawyer in Sweden, the first being Eva Andén. She was known as a feminist throughout her lifetime.BiographyShe was born in Kristianstad as the daughter of the nobleman and Colonel Axel Staël von Holstein and Cecilia Nordenfeldt and grew up in Värmland. She was orphaned early and left with responsibility for her eleven siblings, and never married.She was a correspondent at a law firm, then an assistant and an accountant at the Stockholm City Health Board. She became a Candidate of Law in Stockholm in 1918. She was also a member of the Fredrika Bremer Association and chairman of the Stockholm Women's Association. From 1919 to 1923 she was a partner in Eva Andén's law firm. As a lawyer, she primarily worked on family law and property issues.One of the biggest problems for women to obtain government office during this time was that the law defined the applicant for such jobs as a "Swedish man". The Ministry of Justice formed a committee in 1919 to investigate and remove this barrier from the law through a change of constitution. The chairman of the committee was Emilia Broomé, the first woman to chair a government committee. Staël von Holstein was a committee member. The committee's work resulted in the Competence Law of 1923.Staël von Holstein was awarded the Illis quorum by the King of Sweden in 1946.She died in Stockholm.See alsoAnna Pettersson, Swedish lawyerSourcesFurther readingMathilda Staël von Holstein at Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikonPassage 4:Boris BogoslovskyBoris Basil Bogoslovsky (29 April 1890, in Ryazan – 2 December 1966, in Charleston, Illinois) was a Russian-American teacher and United Nations official.Bogoslovosky emigrated to the United States, where he became a naturalized citizen. He married a Swedish teacher, Christina Staël von Holstein, and the pair taught at the Cherry Lawn School, a progressive boarding school in Darien, Connecticut. In 1933 they became co-directors of the school. Bogoslovosky taught science there until 1945, when he joined the United Nations as a translator in the UN's Russian Language Section. He was also an observer for the US government at the Nuremberg Trials.WorksThe technique of controversy: principles of dynamic logic, 1928. In the series The International Library of Psychology, Philosophy and Scientific Method.The ideal school, 1936.Passage 5:Elin LauritzenElin Maria Lauritzen (born 11 July 1916 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; died 17 September 2006) was for many years one of Sweden's foremost family law attorneys.She was a member of the Board of Directors of the Pension Board in 1944 as well as Deputy Attorney at the lawyers Mathilda Staël von Holstein, Valborg Lundgren and Eva Andén 1945–1953. She became a member of the Swedish Bar Association in 1949.Passage 6:Monte Carlo (composer)Hans von Holstein, better known as Monte Carlo (14 July 1883 — 9 June 1967), was a Danish-born American Broadway composer and author.LifeVon Holstein was born in Skamlingsbanken, Gravenstein, Denmark, on 14 July 1883.He came to the U.S. in 1906 to avoid studying medicine.  He changed his name to Hans Carlo, and soon began using Monte Carlo as his name. He became a naturalized US citizen in 1914. He received pre-medical training in Chicago, with songwriting as chief avocation. He started writing music with Alma Sanders, whom he met at Jerome H. Remick's music publishing firm.  She eventually became his wife. They collaborated on a number of shows and a large number of songs.  He joined the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers in 1923.In 1930, he was living with his wife at 10 Williams Avenue in Mount Vernon, New York. In 1942, he was living at 145 West 55th Street, New York.After the death of his wife in 1956, he moved to Houston, Texas. There he became vice-president of Carsen Music Publishing, founded by his step-son, Edward C. Benjamin Sr. He died in Houston on June 9, 1967.Songs with music or lyrics by Monte Carlo"Little Town in the old County Down""Dinny Danny; The Irish Yacki Hula""That Tumble-Down Shack in Athlone""Every Tear Is a Smile in an Irishman's Heart""By the waters of Killarney""Just a bit of Irish lace""Two Blue Eyes, One Little Green Isle""My Home in the County Mayo""The Hills of Connemara""The Old Wooden Bridge in Athlone"Several songs became very popular after being recorded by John McCormack in the early 1920s.ShowsThe Voice of McConnell by George M. Cohan, (1918; supplied songs)Tangerine (1921)Elsie (1923)The Chiffon Girl (1924)Bye Bye Barbara (1924)Princess April (1924)Oh! Oh! Nurse (1925)Houseboat on the Styx (1928; supplied songs)Mystery Moon (1930)Louisiana Lady (1947)Passage 7:Auguste-Théodore-Paul de BroglieAbbé Auguste-Théodore-Paul de Broglie (June 18, 1834 – May 11, 1895) was professor of apologetics at the Institut Catholique in Paris, and writer on apologetic subjects.He was the son of Achille-Victor, Duc de Broglie, and his wife, Albertine, baroness Staël von Holstein, a Protestant and the daughter of Madame de Staël. After the death of his mother, who died young, he was brought up by the Baroness Auguste de Staël, née Vernet. This aunt, although also a Protestant, exerted herself "to make a large-minded Christian of him in the Church to which she did not belong" (Monseigneur d'Hulst in Le Correspondant, 25 May 1895).Broglie studied at the École Polytechnique, leaving in 1855. Still young, he entered the navy; he was appointed ensign in 1857 and soon after lieutenant. After a voyage to New Caledonia in which he came in contact with active missions, he felt himself called to the religious life. He entered the Seminary of Saint Sulpice in Paris in 1867. After completing his studies there he was ordained priest on 18 October 1870. He was named professor of apologetics at the Institut Catholique in 1879. His teaching, which included philosophical, theological, biblical and historical themes, were intended to defend the Catholic faith from perceived attacks from Positivism and Rationalism. He maintained the harmony and autonomy of the two spheres of knowledge, religion and reason.In his numerous publications the Abbé de Broglie was always a faithful defender of Catholic dogma. At the time


Passage 1:Satellite tournamentA satellite tournament is either a minor tournament or event on a competitive sporting tour or one of a group of such tournamentsthat form a series played in the same country or region.PokerA satellite tournament in poker is a qualifying event. Winners of these satellites usually win thebuy-in fee to a larger, more prestigious tournament like the World Series of Poker Main Event. Although there are some land-based satellite tournaments (usuallyfor very high-stakes tournaments), most of them are online-based. Some sites, like PokerStars, maintain several tiers of satellites. A player can thus start out atone tier (not necessarily the lowest one) and play his way to a higher tier. The entry fee for each tier is always higher than the fee for the tier below it, with thefirst tier being the cheapest.TennisIn professional tennis, satellite circuits were four-week tournaments (five before 1987), typically organised by a country'snational tennis association and overseen by the International Tennis Federation. They were played by players who were ranked outside the top few hundred bythe Association of Tennis Professionals, with openings for unranked players in the qualifying draw. Total prize money ranged from $25,000 to $75,000 percircuit.  ATP points were awarded on the basis of a player's ranking within the circuit and from 1987 onwards on the basis of the conversion of a player's circuitpoints into ATP points. Players successful at this level of pro tennis would move on to play ATP Challenger Series or even top-flight ATP Tour events. The men'ssatellite tournaments were discontinued following the 2006 season as the circuit moved exclusively to one-week Futures tournaments.PinballA satellitetournament in pinball is modeled after those in poker. It is a smaller tournament that leads up to a major pinball championship, where participants have theopportunity to win their entry into the larger tournament. Applying the satellite tournament concept to pinball was first done by Northwest Pinball and ArcadeShow in 2013 to promote both the show and the tournaments at the show. Since then, some other major tournaments have begun using the concept.Passage2:Tunstall, VirginiaTunstall is an unincorporated community in New Kent County, Virginia, United States.Foster's Castle and Hampstead, both located in Tunstall,are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.Passage 3:Telephone numbers in Ascension IslandCountry Code: +247International Call Prefix: 00AscensionIsland does not share the same country code (+290) with the rest of St Helena.Calling formatsTo call in Ascension Island, the following format isused:yxxxx      Calls inside Ascension Island+247 yxxxx  Calls from outside Ascension IslandAscension Island numbering planAccording to ITU Communication of08.V.2015, Sure South Atlantic Limited, Jamestown, announced the following update to the numbering plan for Ascension.The length of geographical numbersincreased from four (4) to five (5) digits and prefixed with the number "6".The 4XXXX range  reserved for mobile services.The change to five-digit numbering tobe implemented on 1 June 2015.   1: New 5-digit numbering2: 6-digit numberingSee alsoTelephone numbers in the United KingdomTelephone numbers in SaintHelena and Tristan da CunhaPassage 4:LubnowyLubnowy is part of the name of two villages, both located in Gmina Susz, within Iława County, Warmian-MasurianVoivodeship, Poland:Lubnowy MałeLubnowy WielkieSee alsoLiebenauPassage 5:BrevilleBreville is an Australian brand of small home appliances, founded inSydney in 1932. It is best known for its home appliances, specifically blenders, coffee machines, toasters, kettles, microwaves and toaster ovens. As of 2016, thebrand also manufactured "Creatista" coffee machines for Nespresso, and distributed other Nespresso products in Australia, New Zealand and the USA andCanada, including the "Inissia", "Vertuo" and "Citiz" series of machines.HistoryIn 1932, Bill O'Brien and Harry Norville (born Charles Henry Norville) mixed theirlast names together and the Breville brand was created. The company started by making radios. During World War II, it made mine detectors. By 1953, the radiobusiness had been taken over by A.W. Jackson Industries Pty. Ltd., which manufactured radiograms and, later, television sets under the Breville brand. After that,Breville turned its attention to manufacturing household appliances.The O'Brien family continued developing the Breville business for three generations, with Bill'sson, John, setting up the Breville Research and Development centre in the late 1960s, and his daughter, Barbara, running the marketing department throughoutthe 1990s. John O'Brien continued to lead many product development initiatives for the Breville brand until his death in December 2003. Breville's R&D team hastaken out over 100 active patents and has been awarded more than 40 international design awards. In 1974, Breville released the toasted sandwich maker, whichwas a huge success, selling 400,000 units in its first year, and making the Breville brand a household name in Australia. Soon after this, the Breville toastedsandwich maker was launched in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, where it was met with similar success.OwnershipIn 2001, the Breville companies ofAustralia, New Zealand, and Hong Kong transferred ownership of the brand to Housewares International Limited. The acquisition of the Breville companies causedthe group to shift its focus to the electrical business and cease its Australian homewares and cleaning businesses in March 2007. In 2008, HousewaresInternational Limited officially changed its name to the Breville Group Limited. The Breville Group Limited also owns the Kambrook and Sage brands. It marketsmost of its product under the Sage brand in the UK and Europe, since the Breville brand is owned by the unrelated Jarden company in the UK.GlobalpresenceBreville trades in over 70 countries including China, Brazil, South Africa, Mexico, and Israel. In 2002, the Breville brand was launched in Canada and theUnited States.Passage 6:JawtyJawty (German: Jauth) is part of the name of two villages, both located in Gmina Susz, within Iława County, Warmian-MasurianVoivodeship, Poland:Lubnowy MałeLubnowy WielkiePassage 7:Jakab IndustriesJakab Industries was an Australian coachbuilder in Tamworth, New SouthWales.HistoryJakab Industries built its first bus body in July 1973, a Ford R226. It mainly made bodies for buses for the defence forces, but also built some forcommercial operators, before withdrawing from the market in late 1995. It also built bodies for ambulances and postal vans. In the 1990s it also overhauledMercedes-Benz and Scania buses for the State Transit Authority.Following the collapse of Clifford Corporation in 1998, Volvo arranged for Jakab to take over theAnsair plant in Tamworth and complete the work of providing Orana-style bodies for 60 State Transit Authority Volvo B10BLE buses. The subsidiary company setup to do the work was named Phoenix Bus.Jakab Industries was placed in administration in 2002.Passage 8:RadziceRadzice is part of the name of two villages,both located in Gmina Drzewica, within Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland:Radzice DużeRadzice MalePassage 9:Limestone CoastThe Limestone Coast is aname used since the early twenty-first century for a South Australian government region  located in the south east of South Australia which immediately adjoinsthe continental coastline and the Victorian border.  The name is also used for a tourist region and a wine zone both located in the same part of SouthAustralia.ExtentThe Limestone Coast is a South Australian Government Region which consists of land within the following local government areas located in thesouth east of the state: the City of Mount Gambier and the District Councils of Grant, Kingston, Robe, Tatiara and Naracoorte Lucindale and the Wattle RangeCouncil, and the extent of "coastal waters" up to three nautical miles seaward of the low water mark between the border with Victoria in the east and  thenorthern boundary of the Kingston District Council in the north-west.Industry regions with the same nameLimestone Coast Tourism RegionThe words 'LimestoneCoast' also used in the name of a  tourism region which occupies a similar part of South Australia.  The tourism region consists of the following local governmentareas: the City of Mount Gambier, The Coorong District Council, the District Councils of Grant, Kingston, Robe, Tatiara and Naracoorte Lucindale, and the WattleRange Council.Limestone Coast Wine ZoneThe words 'Limestone Coast' also used in the name of a wine zone which occupies a similar part of SouthAustralia.  The wine zone is the land south of a line located at appropriately 36 degrees 50 minutes south, i.e. in line with Cape Willoughby at the east end ofKangaroo Island.  The zone includes the following wine-growing regions: Coonawarra, Mount Benson, Mount Gambier, Padthaway, Robe andWrattonbully.Location and descriptionFrom the Victoria border to the Younghusband Peninsula this area has been settled since colonisation by  mainly Europeansettlers in the 1840s, displacing an indigenous population that had resided in the region for thousands of years. The region currently supports farming, viticulture,forestry and tourism. Towns include Bordertown, Keith, Millicent, Mount Gambier, Penola, and Naracoorte and the coastal resorts of Beachport, Kingston SE andRobe.Much of the Limestone Coast is low-lying, and was inundated by sea as recently as 2 million years ago. It had previously also been flooded 15–20 millionyears ago.  The plains are lined by rows of low sandhills parallel to the coast, created at times when the coastline was at that level. Prior to European settlement,much of the land between the sandhills was swamp fed by streams and subject to inundation. A network of drains totalling 1450 km has been constructed tochannel the water away through the sandhills to the ocean. Important areas of wetland remain including the lakes and lagoons such as the southern end of theCoorong and Bool Lagoon. Meanwhile, areas of upland in the Limestone Coast include the volcanic craters of Mount Gambier.The Mediterranean climate of thiscoast is cool and moist with wet winters.HistoryThere are deep limestone deposits created from the coral and other sealife. The limestone in Victoria Fossil Caveand the other Naracoorte Caves contains are Australia's biggest source of fossils and a World Heritage Site.EcologyFloraThe natural vegetation was woodland ofRiver Red gum and other eucalyptus trees.FaunaAlthough there are few purely endemic species the coast is rich in wildlife including possums, Cercartetus pygmypossums, Petaurus Gliding possums, and other marsupials many of which do not spread further west than here. Endemic species include reptiles such as thestriped legless lizard (Delma impar) and invertebrates like an endemic cave cricket. The Naracoorte caves are occupied by the common bent-wing bat.The lakesand lagoons are particularly important habitats for waterbirds such as black swan, grey teal, Pacific black duck, and especially the critically endangeredorange-bellied parrot (Neophema chrysogaster) which winters here along with many other birds including the red-necked stint (Calidris ruficollis), sharp-tailed


Passage 1:David A. GanongDavid A. Ganong,  (born September 14, 1943 in St. Stephen, New Brunswick) is a Canadian business executive.BiographyGanong is the former president and current chairman of the board of Ganong Bros., the oldest chocolate manufacturing company in Canada. He graduated with a BA degree from the University of New Brunswick in 1965 then earned his MBA degree University of Western Ontario.In 1977 he replaced his uncle, R. Whidden Ganong, as president of the company. In 1984-85, David Ganong served as chairman of the Atlantic Provinces Economic Council. In 1990 he oversaw the building of a modern new plant. Its success was followed by a further expansion in 2003. He was named a member of the Order of Canada in 2005 and was inducted into the Canadian Professional Sales Association Hall of Fame in 1999. In 2008 David Ganong stepped down as president, but has maintained an advisory role as chairman on the company's board and remains the controlling shareholder. Two of his children have moved into executive positions with the company, representing the fifth generation of Ganong overseeing the company; daughter Bryana Ganong as president and CEO, and son Nicholas Ganong as Vice President of Sales and Business Development.David Ganong is a member of the board of governors of the University of New Brunswick and he and his wife Diane have provided financial support to the university. In recent years, David has taken an active role in a number of community development groups, most recently with Future St. Stephen.NotesFolster, David. The Chocolate Ganongs of St. Stephen, New Brunswick (1991) Goose Lane Editions ISBN 0-86492-115-2Craigs, Melodie. Ganong, The Candy Family (1984) Literacy Council of Fredericton ISBN 0-920333-16-8David and Diane Ganong's donation to the University of New BrunswickFebruary 2003 Candy Industry article on David Ganong and Ganong Bros.Profile of David Ganong, The Governor General's Canadian Leadership ConferencePassage 2:Obata ToramoriObata Toramori (, 1491 – July 14, 1561) was Japanese samurai warrior of the Sengoku Period. He is known as one of the "Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen" He also recorded as having been wounded 41 times in 36 encounters. He was the father of Obata Masamori.See alsoIsao ObataPassage 3:John Templeton (botanist)John Templeton (1766–1825) was a pioneering Irish naturalist, sometimes referred to as the "Father of Irish Botany". He was a leading figure in Belfast's late eighteenth century enlightenment, initially supported the  United Irishmen, and figured prominently in the town's scientific and literary societies.FamilyTempleton was born in Belfast in 1766, the son of James Templeton, a prosperous wholesale merchant, and his wife Mary Eleanor, daughter of Benjamin Legg, a sugar refiner. The family resided in a 17th century country house to the south of the town, which been named Orange Grove in honour of William of Orange who had stopped at the house en route to his victory over James II at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690.Until the age of 16 Templeton attended a progressive, co-educational, school favoured by the town's liberal, largely Presbyterian, merchant class. Schoolmaster David Manson sought to exclude "drudgery and fear" by combining classroom instruction with play and experiential learning. Templeton counted among his schoolfellows brother and sister Henry Joy and Mary Ann McCracken, and maintained a warm friendship with them throughout his life.In 1799, Templeton married Katherine Johnson of Seymour Hill. Her family had been touched by the United Irish rebellion the previous year: her brother-in-law, Henry Munro, commander of the United army at the Battle of Ballynahinch, had been hanged. The couple had five children: Ellen, born on 30 September 1800, Robert, born on 12 December 1802, Catherine, born on 19 July 1806, Mary, born on 9 December 1809 and Matilda on 2 November 1813.The union between the two already prosperous merchant families provided more than ample means enabling Templeton to devote himself passionately to the study of natural history.United IrishmanLike many of his liberal Presbyterian peers in Belfast, Templeton was sympathetic to the programme and aims of the Society United Irishmen:  Catholic Emancipation and democratic reform of the Irish Parliament. But it was several years before he was persuaded to take the United Irish "test" or pledge. In March 1797 his friend, Mary Ann McCracken, wrote to her brother: [A] certain Botanical friend of ours whose steady and inflexible mind is invulnerable to any other weapon but reason, and only to be moved by conviction has at last turned his attention from the vegetable kingdom to the human species and after pondering the matter for some months, is at last determined to become what he ought to have been months ago.She hoped his sisters would "soon follow him." Having committed himself to the patriotic union of Catholic, Protestant and Dissenter, Templeton changed the name of the family home from loyalist Orange Grove to Irish "Cranmore" (crann mór, 'big tree').Templeton was disenchanted by the Rebellion of 1798, and mindful of events in France , repelled by the violence. He nonetheless withdrew from the Belfast Literary Society, of which he had been a founding member in 1801, rather than accept the continued presence of Dr. James MacDonnell. MacDonnell's offence had been to subscribe forty guineas in 1803 for the capture (leading to execution) of the unreformed rebel Thomas Russell who had been their mutual friend. (While unable to "forget the amiable Russell", time, he conceded,  "softened a little my feelings": in 1825, Templeton and MacDonnell met and shook hands).GardenThe garden at Cranmore spread over 13-acre garden was planted with exotic and native species acquired on botanical excursions, from fellow botanists, nurseries, botanical gardens and abroad: "Received yesterday a large chest of East Indian plants which I examined today." "Box from Mr. Taylor".Other plants arrived, often as seeds from North America, Australia, India, China and other parts of the British Empire  Cranmore also served as a small animal farm.for experimental animal husbandry and a kitchen garden.BotanistJohn Templeton's interest in botany began with this experimental garden laid out according to a suggestion in Rousseau's 'Nouvelle Heloise' and following Rousseau's 'Letters on the Elements of Botany Here he cultivated many tender exotics out of doors (a list provided by Nelson and began botanical studies which lasted throughout his life and corresponded with the most eminent botanists in England Sir William Hooker, William Turner, James Sowerby and, especially Sir Joseph Banks, who had travelled on Captain James Cook's voyages, and in charge of Kew Gardens. Banks tried (unsuccessfully) to tempt him to New Holland (Australia) as a botanist on the Flinders's Expedition with the offer of a large tract of land and a substantial salary. An associate of the Linnean Society, Templeton visited London and saw the botanical work being achieved there. This led to his promotion of the Belfast Botanic Gardens as early as 1809, and to work on a Catalogue of Native Irish Plants, in manuscript form and now in the Royal Irish Academy, which was used as an accurate foundation for later work by succeeding Irish botanists. He also assembled text and executed many beautiful watercolour drawings for a Flora Hibernica, sadly never finished, and kept a detailed journal during the years 1806–1825 (both now in the Ulster Museum, Belfast).[1] Of the 12000 algal specimens in the Ulster Museum Herbarium about 148 are in the Templeton collection and were mostly collected by him, some were collected by others and passed to Templeton. The specimens in the Templeton collection in the Ulster Museum (BEL) have been catalogued. Those noted in 1967 were numbered: F1 – F48. Others were in The Queen's University Belfast. All of Templeton's specimens have now been numbered in the Ulster Museum as follows: F190 – F264; F290 – F314 and F333 – F334.Templeton was the first finder of Rosa hibernicaThis rose, although collected by Templeton in 1795, remained undescribed until 1803 when he published a short diagnosis in the Transactions of the Dublin Society.Early additions to the flora of Ireland include Sisymbrium Ligusticum seoticum (1793), Adoxa moschatellina (1820), Orobanche rubra and many other plants. His work on lichens was the basis of this secton of Flora Hiberica by James Townsend Mackay who wrote of him The foregoing account of the Lichens of Ireland would have been still more incomplete, but for the extensive collection of my lamented friend, the late Mr. John Templeton, of Cranmore, near Belfast, which his relict, Mrs. Templeton, most liberally placed at my disposal. I believe that thirty years ago his acquirements in the Natural History of organised beings rivalled that of any individual in Europe : these were by no means limited to diagnostic marks, but extended to all the laws and modifications of the living force. The frequent quotation of his authority in every preceding department of this Flora, is but a brief testimony of his diversified knowledgeBotanical ManuscriptsThe MSS. left by Templeton consist of seven volumes. One of these is a small 8vo. half bound ; it is in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, and contains 280 pp. of lists of Cryptogams, chiefly mosses, with their localities. In this book is inserted a letter from Miss F. M. More, sister of Alexander Goodman More, to Dr. Edward Perceval Wright, Secretary, Royal Irish Academy, dated March, 1897, in which she says—‘*‘ The Manuscript which accompanies this letter was drawn up between 1794 and 1810, by the eminent naturalist, John Templeton, in Belfast. It was lent by his son, Dr. R. Templeton, to my brother, Alex. G. More, when he was preparing the second edition of the ‘ Cybele Hibernica,’ on condition that it should be placed in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy afterwards." The other six volumes are quarto size, and contain 1,090 folios, with descriptions of many of the plants, and careful drawings in pen and pencil and colours of many species. They are now lent to the Belfast Museum. About ten years ago I [Lett]spent a week in examining these volumes, and as their contents have hitherto never been fully described, I would like to give an epitome of my investigation of them.Vol. 1.—Phanerogams, 186 folios, with 15 coloured figures, and 6 small drawings in the text.Vol. Il.—Fresh-water Algae, 246 folios, 71 of which are coloured.Vol.IIl.—Marine Algae, 212 folios, of which 79 are coloured figures. At the end of this volume are 3 folios of Mosses, the pagination of which runs with the rest of this volume, but it is evident they had at some time been misplaced.Vol. IV Fungi, 112 folios.Vol. V.—Mosses, 117 folios, of which 20 are coloured, and also 73 small drawings in the text. *Vol. VI.—Mosses and Hepatics. 117 folios are Hepatics, 40 of which are in colours ; 96 folios are Mosses, of which 39 are full-page coloured figures; and in addition there are 3 small coloured drawings in the text.All these drawings were executed by Templeton himself, they are every one most accurately and beautifully drawn; and the colouring is true to nature and artistically finished; those of the mosses and hepatics being particularly good. Templeton is not mentioned in Tate’s ‘‘ Flora Belfastiensis,’ published in 1863, at Belfast. The


Passage 1:Herbert J. RayRear Admiral Herbert James Ray (1 February 1893 – 3 December 1970) was an officer in the United States Navy who served in WorldWar I and World War II. A 1914 graduate of the Naval Academy, he served on the submarines USS H-2 and N-3 during World War I. In March 1942, as Chief ofStaff and Aide to the Commandant of the Sixteenth Naval District, Rear Admiral Francis W. Rockwell, he participated in General Douglas MacArthur's escape fromthe Philippines. In Australia, he served with MacArthur's General Headquarters, Southwest Pacific Area staff. In September 1943, he became Captain of thebattleship USS Maryland, which he commanded in the Battle of Tarawa, Battle of Kwajalein, Battle of Saipan and the Battle of Peleliu. In October 1944, heparticipated in the Battle of Surigao Strait, in which Maryland joined the other battleships in engaging the Japanese battleships Fusō and Yamashiro and theirescorts. Ray left Maryland in December 1944, and was promoted to Commodore and appointed deputy director of the Naval Division of the US Control GroupCouncil for Germany. After VE Day, he became the Junior United States Member of the Tripartite Naval Commission in Berlin. He retired from the Navy on 30 June1949, and received a tombstone promotion to rear admiral due to his combat decorations.Early lifeHerbert James Ray was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on 1February 1893, the son of James Herbert Ray and his wife Mary née Rosseler. He was educated at Rhea County High School. In 1910, he was appointed to theUnited States Naval Academy at Annapolis, from which he graduated on 6 June 1914.On graduation, he was commissioned as an ensign, and joined the crew ofthe battleship USS Minnesota. In July 1915, he became an instructor for enlisted ratings in Norfolk, Virginia. He then became part of the crew that was assembledfor the new battleship USS Nevada in January 1916, and served on it when it was commissioned in March 1916. After the United States declared war onGermany, he underwent submariner training on board the submarine tender USS Fulton from June to November 1917. During the war he served on thesubmarines USS H-2 and N-3.Between the warsAfter the war, Ray was posted to the battleship USS Pennsylvania in March 1919, the submarine tender USSSavannah in July 1919, and the destroyer USS Meyer February 1920. He then became the Executive Officer of the destroyer USS Walker. In November 1920, hehelped fit out the destroyer USS Young, and served on it until April 1921, when he was transferred to the crew of another new destroyer, the USS Macdonough.He helped fit it out, and then served with it until September 1921.Ray returned to Annapolis as an instructor with the Electrical Engineering and PhysicsDepartment from September 1921 to June 1923. He then served on the transport USS Argonne until December 1924, when he became the Executive Officer ofthe destroyer USS Wood. In 1926, he assumed command of the destroyer USS Farenholt. In July, he became Officer in Charge of the Branch Hydrographic Officein Honolulu. He was Aide and Flag Secretary to the Commander Light Cruiser 2 from May 1928 to June 1930; Light Cruiser Divisions, Scouting Fleet from June toSeptember 1930; and Light Cruiser 3 from September 1930 to July 1931. Ray married Helen Louise Jacobs from La Plata, Maryland in 1930. They had twodaughters and two sons.Ray was the Navy Representative on the Joint Army-Navy Selective Services Committee at the War Department in Washington, D.C.,from July 1931 to September 1933. He then helped fit out the new cruiser USS New Orleans, and became first he First Lieutenant and Damage Control Officer,and then, in February 1935, he Executive Officer. Following the usual pattern of alternating duty afloat and ashore, he returned to Annapolis in July 1936 for asecond two-year tour as an instructor, this time in the Department of English and History. In June 1938 he entered the Naval War College at Newport, RhodeIsland. After graduating in June 1939, he became the Executive Officer of the USS Quincy.World War IISouthwest PacificIn March 1941, Ray became Chief of Staffand Aide to the Commandant of the Sixteenth Naval District, Rear Admiral Francis W. Rockwell, at Cavite, where he was promoted to captain on 1 July 1941. Hewas serving in this capacity when the Pacific War began. He was awarded the Legion of Merit for his part in the fighting. His citation read:For exceptionallymeritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services to the Government of the United States as Chief of Staff in the Sixteenth Naval District at theoutbreak of World War II. Captain Ray continuously performed duties of great responsibility during and after the bombing and destruction of Cavite Navy Yard on10 December 1941. In the direction of fire fighting at Cavite, in the evacuation of personnel and material to Corregidor, and in the administration of MarivelesNaval Section Base, a Naval Facility at Mariveles on Bataan Peninsula, he displayed courage and marked leadership. His close personal contact with the personnelof Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron Three and constant concern with their problems was an outstanding example of leadership and exceptional efficiency in hisprofession. During this entire period of great stress, he performed exceptionally meritorious service to the government in duties of great responsibility. CaptainRay was sent to Mariveles on 14 December to supervise the work there and Commander Grandfield temporarily assumed the duties of Chief of Staff. Oncompletion of a reorganization at Mariveles, Captain Ray was ordered to Queen Tunnel Corregidor and resumed his duties as Chief of Staff.In March 1942, heparticipated in General Douglas MacArthur's escape from the Philippines, for which Ray was awarded the Silver Star. His citation read:For extraordinary heroismand distinguished service in the line of his profession while serving on the Staff of Rear Admiral Francis Rockwell, Commandant, Sixteenth Naval District, duringthe period 11 to 13 March 1942, in the Philippine Islands during an extraordinary action a retrograde maneuver involving General Douglas MacArthur. Captain Raymade detailed plans involving exacting preparations for a movement of major strategic importance and of the most hazardous nature, then executed the missionwith marked skill and coolness in the face of greatly superior enemy forces.In Australia, Ray served with MacArthur's General Headquarters, Southwest PacificArea. One of his sons, Lieutenant James H. Ray, was on the destroyer USS Jarvis when it was lost with all hands on 9 August 1942. When Ray was ordered backto the United States in January 1943, MacArthur awarded him the Army Distinguished Service Medal. His citation read:For exceptionally meritorious anddistinguished services to the Government of the United States, in a duty of great responsibility in the Southwest Pacific Area during the period from 18 April 1942to 26 April 1943. Captain Ray was assigned to General Headquarters, Southwest Pacific Area, upon its establishment, 18 April 1942, serving as Naval Advisor tothe Operations and Intelligence sections of the General Staff from 18 April 1942 to 9 January 1943. Upon the establishment of the Planning Section of G-3, 9January 1943, he was assigned as Chief of that section. The accomplishment of the service for which this award is recommended has been completed. This officerhas been transferred to another assignment. The entire service of Captain Ray has, since the rendering by him of the service upon which this recommendation isbased, been honorable.USS MarylandRay served in the office of the Commander in Chief United States Fleet, Admiral Ernest J. King from April to September1943. He then became Captain of the battleship USS Maryland. The ship had been damaged in the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 butreturned to service. Maryland participated in the Battle of Tarawa in November 1943 as the flagship of Rear Admiral Harry W. Hill's V Amphibious Force andSouthern Attack Force, and her guns participated in the shore bombardment. In February 1944, she joined in the Battle of Kwajalein, firing at pillboxes andblockhouses on Roi Island. Maryland's guns supported the Battle of Saipan, silencing a pair of coastal guns. On 22 June, she was torpedoed by a Mitsubishi G4M"Betty" bomber, but was repaired in time to join Rear Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorf's Western Fire Support Group in the Battle of Peleliu. Still with Oldendorff'sgroup, but now part of the Vice Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid's Seventh Fleet, Maryland participated in the Battle of Leyte in October. In the Battle of Surigao Strait,it joined the other battleships in engaging the Japanese battleships Fusō and Yamashiro and their escorts. Ray was awarded a second Silver Star. His citationread:for gallantry and intrepidity in action as Commanding Officer of the USS Maryland (BB-46), which contributed materially to the annihilation of enemy surfaceforces, including two battleships, on 25 October 1944, in Surigao Straits, Philippine Islands. Captain Ray, by his capable direction, caused his ship to deliverprolonged and effective gunfire against the enemy's ships.On 29 November, Maryland was attacked and severely damaged by kamikaze aircraft, and forced toreturn to Pearl Harbor for repairs. For his services as captain, he was awarded the Bronze Star.GermanyRay left Maryland in December 1944. He was appointeddeputy director of the Naval Division of the US Control Group Council for Germany. After VE Day, he became the Junior United States Member of the TripartiteNaval Commission in Berlin. He was promoted to the wartime rank of commodore on 26 June 1945. He returned to the United States in April 1946. For hisservices in Europe, he was awarded a second Legion of Merit. His citation read:For exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding servicesto the Government of the United States in Germany from 1 March 1945 to 20 December 1945. Commodore Ray distinguished himself by unusually meritoriousaccomplishments as Deputy Director of the Naval Division, U.S. Group Control Council for Germany, and later, as Deputy Naval Advisor to the Office of MilitaryGovernment for Germany (U.S.), and as junior member of the Tri-Partite Naval Commission meeting in Berlin from 15 August 1945 until 8 December 1945. Inthis duty, he contributed in a high degree to the successful conclusion to the Tri-Partite Naval Commission. He was instrumental in coordinating the Naval work ofthe U.S. Group Control Council, and other divisions of the U.S. Group Control Council, and in coordinating the efforts of the four powers represented on the NavalDirectorate of the Group Control Council for Germany.Later lifeRay became Commander of the San Francisco Group of the Nineteenth Fleet in June 1946. On 10July, like many other commodores, he was reduced in rank to captain again. He served in this capacity until he retired on 30 June 1949, at which point hereceived a tombstone promotion to rear admiral due to his combat decorations. He died on 3 December 1970 at Beale Air Force Base Hospital inCalifornia.NotesPassage 2:Robert Paul SmithRobert Paul Smith (April 16, 1915 – January 30, 1977) was an American author, most famous for his classic


Passage 1:Robert L. Simpson (film editor)Robert Laughlin Simpson, A.C.E. (July 31, 1910 – June 26, 1977), was an American film editor with more than 100feature film credits.BiographyBorn in St. Louis, Missouri, Simpson began his career at Paramount Pictures in 1935. By the end of the decade, he had joined 20thCentury Fox, where he remained for more than 35 years.During a 55-year career, Simpson edited one hundred films, including Drums Along the Mohawk (1939),The Grapes of Wrath (1940), The Pride of St. Louis (1952), Call Me Madam, The King and I (1956), South Pacific (1958), Fate is the Hunter (1964), and TonyRome (1967). He collaborated with director George Seaton on several projects, including Miracle on 34th Street, The Shocking Miss Pilgrim, Apartment for Peggy,and Chicken Every Sunday. He also worked with John Ford, Sidney Lanfield, and Walter Lang.Simpson was nominated for the Academy Award for Best FilmEditing for The Grapes of Wrath.Partial filmographyHer Master's Voice (1936)Love and Hisses (1937)Josette (1938)Drums Along the Mohawk (1939)Public DebNo. 1 (1940)The Grapes of Wrath (1940)Sweet Rosie O'Grady (1943)Miracle on 34th Street (1947)The Shocking Miss Pilgrim (1947)Apartment for Peggy(1948)Chicken Every Sunday (1949)The Big Lift (1950)The Pride of St. Louis (1952)Call Me MadamThe King and I (1956)South Pacific (1958)Move Over, Darling(1963)Fate is the Hunter (1964)Tony Rome (1967)See alsoList of film director and editor collaborations. From 1940 to 1960, Simpson edited ten films directed byWalter Lang; The King and I (1956) was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Picture and the Academy Award for Best Director.Passage 2:Jean-LucLemoineJean-Luc Marie Lemoine (born 6 March 1970) is a French humourist, media personality and stand-up comedian.Early lifeA native of Paris, Lemoine grewup in Morangis, Essonne. His first scene was on his high school stage, in front of 800 fellow students.In 1993, he played at the Théâtre des Blancs-Manteaux inParis for 15 days and later worked as a columnist for the satirical weekly Infos du Monde, based upon Weekly World News in the United States. He started histelevision career on local Téléssonne channel. The following year, he played a show during 10 months, directed by Franck Dubosc.CareerLemoine was a regularguest on On a tout essayé on France 2 from 2001 to 2006, when he joined On n'est pas couché for two seasons.From 2011 until 2018, Lemoine was part of theslate of regular guests on Touche pas à mon poste! on France 4 and then D8, when the talk show hosted by Cyril Hanouna switched channels in 2012. He also hada weekly segment called Les Questions en 4/3. In 2015, his segment became a TV special for one prime time.In 2013, he joined Hanouna on his radio programmeLes pieds dans le plat broadcast on Europe 1. From 2016 to 2017 and in 2017 respectively, he hosted the game shows Guess My Age and Couple or Not? on C8,both of which were created by Vivendi Entertainment and have spawned numerous international versions.Lemoine quit C8 in 2018. He has hosted Samedi d'enrire on France 3 since 2019. He has also been a regular guest on Les Grosses Têtes since 2019.Passage 3:Robert Simpson (writer)Robert Simpson (1886 -January 7, 1934) was a writer and editor.Early lifeIn 1886, Simpson was born in Strathy, Scotland. Simpson's father was Robert Simpson and his mother wasMary Ann Smith Simpson.CareerIn about 1905, Simpson started working in the palm-oil business, trading with West Africa.In 1907, Simpson emigrated to theUnited States. In 1916, Simpson became an editor at the Frank A. Munsey Company.  In 1917, Simpson was promoted to managing editor of The Argosy, andstayed in that role for three years.  He left in 1920 to become a free-lance writer, and returned to editing in 1925, becoming the editor of MysteryMagazine.Simpson's novels include The Bite of Benin, Swamp Breath, The Grey Charteris, Eight Panes of Glass, and Calvert of Allobar.Personal lifeSimpson wasmarried to Marie A. Simpson, née Socin, and they had a daughter and two sons.Passage 4:Thomas Wykes (MP for Cambridgeshire)Thomas Wykes (died c. 1430),of Stetchworth, Cambridgeshire, was an English politician.He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Cambridgeshire in March 1416.Passage5:Robert Simpson (brewer)Robert Simpson was a Canadian brewer and politician who served as the first mayor of Barrie from 1871 to 1872, and again as itsthird mayor in 1876. He also founded the Simcoe Steam Brewery, and the 21st-century Robert Simpson Brewing Company (now The Flying Monkeys CraftBrewery) was named in his honour.Prior to becoming mayor, the head of the governing body for Barrie was known as the reeve of Barrie. Simpson first served asthe fifth reeve from 1858 to 1859, and was succeeded by Thomas David McConkey. Simpson later succeeded the seventh and final reeve, William Davis Ardagh,in 1871, to become Barrie's first mayor.Passage 6:Thomas Wykes (chronicler)Thomas Wykes (11 March 1222 – c. 1292), English chronicler, was a canon regularof Oseney Abbey, near Oxford.He was the author of a chronicle extending from 1066 to 1289, which is printed among the monastic annals edited by HenryRichards Luard for the Rolls Series. He gives an account of the Second Barons' War from a royalist standpoint, and is a severe critic of Montfort's policy. His workregarding the reign of Edward I is especially useful. His chronicles are connected with the Oseney Annals, which are printed parallel with his work by Luard, butWykes is an independent authority between 1258 and 1278.Passage 7:Lambert of St-BertinLambert of Saint-Bertin (c. 1060 – 22 June 1125) was a FrenchBenedictine chronicler and abbot.BiographyLambert was born about 1060 of a distinguished family, and, when still young, entered the French Benedictine abbeyof St-Bertin. He afterwards visited several famous schools in France, having first laid the foundation of his subsequent learning by the study in his own monasteryof grammar, theology and music. For some time he filled the office of prior, and in 1095 was chosen abbot at once by the monks of St-Bertin and by the canons ofSt-Omer. He was thus drawn into closer relations with Cluny, and instituted through the Cluniac monks many reforms in his somewhat deteriorated monastery.Needless to say, he encountered no little opposition to his efforts, but, thanks to his extraordinary energy, he finally secured acceptance for his views, andrehabilitated the financial position of the monastery. He was a friend of St. Anselm and exchanged verses, still extant, with the poet Reginald of Canterbury (ed.Libermann in "Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft fur altere Geschichte", XIII, 1888, pp. 528; 531-34).  He died on 22 June 1125, at St-Bertin.WorksEven during hislifetime, Lambert was lauded in glowing terms for his great learning by an admirer —not a monk of St-Bertin— in the "Tractatus de moribus Lamberti Abbatis S.Beretini" (ed. Holder-Egger in "Monumenta German. Histor. SS.", XV, 2, 946-53). This work mentions several otherwise unknown writings of Lambert, e.g."Sermones de Vetere Testamento", also studies on free will, the Divine prescience, original sin, origin of the soul and questions of physical science.Although thetwo are often confused, he is not identical with Lambert, the Canon of St. Omer who wrote the famous "Liber Floridus", a kind of encyclopedia of Biblical,chronological, astronomical, geographical, theological, philosophical and natural history subjects, which was completed in 1120.Sources and referencesHerbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Lambert of St-Bertin". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.POTTHAST, Bibl. Histor. Medii Aevi. I, 705;Biogr. Nat. De Belgigue, XI (1891), 162-66WATTENBACH, Geschichtsquellen, II (1894), 170 sq. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the publicdomain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Lambert of St-Bertin". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.Passage 8:Thomas Wykes(MP)Thomas Wykes may refer to:Thomas Wykes (chronicler) (1222–1291/93), English chroniclerThomas Wykes (MP for Leominster) (fl. 1554), MP forLeominsterThomas Wykes (MP for Cambridgeshire) (died c. 1430), MP for CambridgeshirePassage 9:Bobby Simpson (golfer)Robert S. Simpson was a Scottishprofessional golfer who achieved success in winning two Western Opens in 1907 and 1911, as well as finishing fourth in the U.S. Open in 1904. Simpson was fromCarnoustie, Scotland. He apprenticed under Robert Simpson, a Scottish golf club-maker and golf course architect, who was also from Carnoustie and part of afamous golf family of six brothers. The two Simpsons however were not related. Bobby Simpson did apprentice in Scotland as a club-maker under the otherRobert Simpson prior to leaving for the United States to become a golf professional.Professional careerSimpson was part of the "Scottish Invasion" of golfprofessional of the late 1890s and 1900s. He secured positions at multiple courses in the Midwest including The Country Club of Oconomowoc, Hinsdale CountryClub (Chicago, Illinois), Kent Country Club (Grand Rapids, Michigan), Memphis Country Club (Memphis, Tennessee), Kenosha Country Club (Kenosha, Wisconsin),Blue Mound Country Club (Wauwatosa, Wisconsin), Omaha Country Club (Omaha, Nebraska) and many years at Riverside Country Club (Chicago, Illinois). Manyof the early golf professionals from Scotland earned an income in various ways as greenskeepers, part-time course architects, club-makers, teachingprofessionals, tournament players and exhibition golf players. His most notable victories came with victories in the Western Open in 1907 and 1911.1900 U.S.OpenAt the 1900 U.S. Open held at the Chicago Golf Club in Wheaton, Illinois, Simpson carded rounds of 84-84-88-87 for a total of 343 and tied for 14thplace.1901 U.S. OpenAt the 1901 U.S. Open held at the Myopia Hunt Club in South Hamilton, Massachusetts, Simpson carded rounds of 88-87-87-87 for a total of349 and again tied for 14th place.1904 U.S. OpenThe 1904 U.S. Open was held July 8–9, 1904, at the Glen View Club in Golf, Illinois. Scottish professional WillieAnderson won his second consecutive, and third overall, U.S. Open title by five strokes over Englishman, Gilbert Nicholls. Simpson carded rounds of 82-82-76-76for a total of 316 and finished tied in sixth place with Stewart Gardner and Percy Barrett. He won $53 in prize money.1907 Western OpenSimpson won the 1907Western Open at the Hinsdale Country Club in Clarendon Hills, Illinois, where he defeated fellow Scotsmen, Willie Anderson and Fred McLeod, by two strokes, inMatch Play.1908 Western OpenAt the 1908 Western Open at the Beverly Country Club Simpson finished third (153) behind Willie Anderson (152) and StewartGardner (151), with the lowest round of the tournament (73).1909 U.S. OpenAt the 1909 U.S. Open held at the Englewood Golf Club in Englewood, New Jersey,Simpson carded rounds of 84-76-77-84 for a total of 321 and tied for 46th place.1911 Western OpenIn 1911 Simpson won his second Western Open at the KentCountry Club, in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He defeated Thomas McNamara, two up and one to play.Passage 10:Robert Simpson (meteorologist)Robert Homer


Passage 1:Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1886–1964)Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (14 February 1886 – 6 June 1964) was a member ofthe House of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. He was heir to his relative William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach until 1909, when he was disinherited of hisroyal status. From that point onwards, Hermann was commonly referred to with the lesser style, Graf von Ostheim (Count of Ostheim).Early lifePrince Hermann ofSaxe-Weimar-Eisenach was born on 14 February 1886 in Düsseldorf. He was educated by a tutor until deemed old enough to enter the Imperial German Army.He joined the Cuirassiers of the Guard in Berlin, where he was separated from the guidance of his family and tutor, and began to build up a reputation as aspendthrift like his father. He was given $10,000 a year to spend, and he and those he bought items from realized that any debts contracted would eventually bepaid by his family, thus increasing the amount Hermann could spend. By the end of the year, Hermann was a quarter of a million dollars in debt, which his familyduly paid; he was sent to a small town as a disciplinary measure. He persuaded his family that he was ill, and was able to travel to Paris, racking up more debtsalong the way; one rumor said he sold his mother's jewels en route to France.Heir to Saxe-Weimar-EisenachWilliam Ernest, Grand Duke ofSaxe-Weimar-Eisenach remained childless for much of his early life, fueling speculation of the succession to his duchy. As a descendant of Charles Augustus,Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach through a younger son, firstly Hermann and secondly his brother were heir presumptives until the birth of CharlesAugustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1912.Loss of inheritanceA lifelong spendthrift, Prince Hermann was heir presumptive to the duchyof Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach until his disinheritance on 2 August 1909. The ducal family forced him to renounce his rights of succession to theSaxe-Weimar-Eisenach throne, as well as his royal status, title and prerogatives, granting him a lesser, noble title, Count Ostheim, along with a small allowanceon the grounds that he stay out of the duchy. Herman was not the only member of his family to have a bad reputation; his father Prince William as well as theircousin Prince Bernhard were all viewed with displeasure, so much so, that the still-living Prince William had been overlooked concerning the duchy's succession.Hermann had a younger brother, Prince Albert, who took up his position as next-in-line to the duchy. Hermann was also driven out of the German army "for allsorts of unsavory scrapes", as he was wanted in both England and Austria for debts, and for being a "common swindler". His Austrian arrest warrant was issuedsoon after his younger sister Princess Sophie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was denied permission to enter into a morganatic marriage; she committed suicide soonafter, on 18 September 1913.In 1921 Count Hermann claimed in a lawsuit with Grand Duke William Ernest that he and his mother were induced by a ruse andtold that he would be forcibly expelled from Paris unless he agreed to travel from there to Germany; instead Hermann was confined in an insane asylum. He wasonly freed after signing documents renouncing all claims to Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and assuming the style Count Ostheim. Hermann went on to claim that theGrand Duke was guilty of usury, as he was lent certain sums of money to pay off his debts in exchange for renouncing 48,000 marks appanage in favor of WilliamErnest. During that time, the German government had been completing negotiations for a settlement on the former royal family (their titles had been abolished in1918); thus had Hermann not been disinherited, he would have stood to inherit quite a large bit of money.MarriageBefore he became disinherited, PrinceHermann desired to marry Princess Marie Bonaparte, a great heiress; he might have succeeded but for his unsavory reputation. Though there was a chance hewould succeed to the Grand Ducal throne, Marie's father disliked Hermann for possessing an "evil" reputation, and consequently allowed her instead to marryPrince George of Greece and Denmark. Before her refusal, however, Hermann was able to obtain a great deal of money, as it was assumed he would soon have agreat deal of wealth to spend; when it became clear there was to be no marriage, a "crash" came. It was these money troubles, along with other problems, thatled to his disinheritance.Despite being disinherited, Hermann openly boasted he would travel to the United States in search of a wealthy wife, and then return toGermany and pay off his debts within a year; all this was said while staying in Zurich awaiting funds from his family. Instead, Hermann, now Count Ostheim,morganatically married Wanda Paola Lottero, an Italian stage actress, on 5 September 1909 in London. They visited the United States on several occasions. Theywere divorced two years later, on 22 June 1911 after Wanda grew tired of supporting him with her earnings and divorced him on the grounds of financial"non-support", "cruelty", and "infidelity". Wanda later gained notoriety for having a short-lived affair with King Konstantínos I of the Hellenes in 1912.On 4 August1918, Hermann married secondly to Suzanne Aagot Midling at Heidelberg. They had one surviving child before her death on 16 October 1931:Alexander KyrillGraf von Ostheim (born 7 August 1922); he died unmarried in Stockholm on 28 March 1943On 16 November 1932, Hermann's engagement with Isabel Neilson,daughter of former British MP and prominent actor and author Francis Neilson, was announced. Hermann and Isabel were married civilly and religiously in Parison 28 November 1932. A small family luncheon accompanied the wedding; afterwards, the couple honeymooned to Spain and North Africa. They had nochildren.Hermann died in London on 6 June 1964 at the age of 78.AncestryPassage 2:Prince Wilhelm of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachPrince Wilhelm Karl BernhardHermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (21 December 1853 – 15 December 1924) was a member of the House of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.LifePrince Wilhelm ofSaxe-Weimar-Eisenach was born on 21 December 1853 in Stuttgart. He was the eldest son of the Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and Princess Augustaof Württemberg (1826-1898). Prince Wilhelm also has had his own financial problems, and has been forced by the Grand Duke to live outside Weimar. Wilhelm isheir presumptive to the throne as the young Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst is a widower. His wife, Karoline of Reuss died in January 1905.Prince William had aproblem with his eldest son. Prince Hermann morganatically married Wanda Paola Lottero on 5 September 1909 in London. Lottero was an Italian stage actress,and due to Hermann's rollicking lifestyle, the ducal family forced him to renounce his rights of succession to the Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach throne, as well as hisroyal status, title and prerogatives, granting him a lesser, noble title, Count Ostheim, along with a small allowance on the grounds that he stay out of the duchy.Prince Wilhelm also had a bad reputation. His behavior aroused the dissatisfaction of the head of the family. Prince Wilhelm fled to the United States in his youth,served as a riding master, clerk, book agent and even as a restaurant waiter in New York City, but was finally persuaded to return to Germany, marry his secondcousin, and live on a small pension from the head of the house.Marriage and familyPrince Wilhelm married Gerta Princess of Ysenburg and Büdingen (1863-1945),daughter of Ferdinand Maximilian I, Prince of Ysenburg and Büdingen (1824-1903) and Auguste Marie Gertrude Princess of Hanau and Horowitz (1829-1887), on11 April 1885 at Wächtersbach, Germany. Augusta Marie Gertrude was daughter of Frederick William, Elector of Hesse. Wilhelm and Gerta had threechildren:Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (14 February 1886 – 6 June 1964)Prince Albrecht of Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (23 December 1886 - 9September 1918), killed in action during World War IPrincess Sophie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (25 July 1888 - 18 September 1913)Honours and armsHe receivedthe following orders and decorations: Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 1853   Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-ErnestineHouse Order, 1878 Schaumburg-Lippe: Cross of Honour of the House Order of Lippe, 1st Class Siam: Grand Cross of the White Elephant Württemberg: GrandCross of the Württemberg Crown, 1871AncestryPassage 3:Michael, Prince of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachMichael, Prince of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach  (German: MichaelPrinz von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach; born 15 November 1946) is the current head of the Grand Ducal House of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, as well as the mostsenior agnate of the entire House of Wettin.Prince of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachPrince Michael was born in Bamberg, Bavaria, the only son of Hereditary Grand DukeCharles Augustus of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and Baroness Elisabeth von Wangenheim-Winterstein (1912–2010). Among his godparents were Queen Juliana of theNetherlands and the Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia imposter, Anna Anderson, who was living with his aunt Princess Luise of Saxe-Meiningen.When his fatherdied on 14 October 1988, Prince Michael succeeded him as Head of the House of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. On 13 February 1991, he inherited the leadership in theHouse of Saxe-Altenburg, as that line became extinct, and since 23 July 2012 he regards the Albertine royal Saxon line to be extinct. However, Prince Michael hasalso stated that he "[does not] believe in historical carnival" and that "Germany should have done it like Austria long ago and abolished all titles."In 2004, hewithdrew his claim for restitution of numerous properties, archives (partly including those of Schiller and Goethe) as well as priceless artwork in a settlement withthe Free State of Thuringia and acquired some forest estates in exchange.Since Prince Michael has no sons, the current heir to the headship of the grand ducalhouse is his elder (by age) first cousin, Prince Wilhelm Ernst (b. 10 August 1946), whose only son Prince Georg-Constantin (13 April 1977 – 9 June 2018), abanker who was married but without issue, was killed in a horse riding accident on 9 June 2018 while riding with Jean Christophe Iseux von Pfetten. Therefore,the Grand Ducal House of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach will most likely become extinct in the male line.MarriagesPrince Michael married Renate Henkel (b. Heidelberg,17 September 1947), daughter of industrialist Konrad Henkel and wife Jutta von Hülsen and sister of Christoph Henkel, in a civil ceremony on 9 June 1970 atHamburg-Eimsbüttel, and religiously on 4 July 1970 at Linnep bei Breitscheid. The marriage was childless and dissolved by divorce at Düsseldorf on 9 March1974.He was married secondly to Dagmar Hennings (b. Niederpöcking, 24 June 1948), daughter of Henrich Hennings and wife Margarethe Schacht, in London on15 November 1980. They have one daughter: Leonie Mercedes Augusta Silva Elisabeth Margarethe of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (b. Frankfurt, 30 October 1986).She graduated with her Abitur from high school at Schule Schloss Salem, where she became involved in theatre and hockey and was a Student Representative


Passage 1:Come on DangerCome on Danger is a 1942 American Western film directed by Edward Killy. It was a remake of a 1932 Tom Keene film. The story wasbought for Holt in June 1941.Plot summaryCastTim Holt as Jack MasonFrances E. Neal as Ann Jordan (as Frances Neal)Ray Whitley as SmokeyLee 'Lasses' Whiteas WhopperKarl Hackett as Ott RamseyMalcolm 'Bud' McTaggart as RussGlenn Strange as Henchman SloanEvelyn Dockson as Aunt Fanny (as EvlynnDockson)Davison Clark as Ranger Captain BlakeJohn Elliott as SaundersSlim Whitaker as Sheriff (as 'Slim' Whitaker)Kate Harrington as MaggieHenry Roquemoreas JedPassage 2:Come On Danger!Come On Danger! is a 1932 Pre-Code Western film, and the first film Tom Keene would make at RKO Studios. It made a profitof $30,000.It was remade in 1942 under the similar title, Come on Danger.PlotJim Madden, a Texas Ranger, is gunned down while investigating the murder of alocal rancher. His younger brother, Larry, vows to track down the suspected killer, another rancher named Joan Stanton. While looking into the murders, hestumbles on a battle between Stanton and a group of men working for another rancher, Frank Sanderson. Stanton takes money from Sanderson that she feels isdue to her.Rescuing Stanton from the altercation, he keeps his identity as a Ranger secret, while attempting to learn the truth of what is going on. Through talkswith Stanton, Madden learns that Sanderson has been setting her up for both the murder of the other rancher, and Jim's death.Convinced by Stanton's story,Madden tells Stanton she must turn herself in, and she agrees. Before they can reach the Rangers, they are captured by Sanderson's men. Sanderson plans to killMadden, and take Stanton to Mexico. With the help of the Rangers' cook, Rusty, as well as several of Stanton's men, Madden overcomes Sanderson and his men,and takes a vindicated Stanton back to the Rangers.Cast(cast list as per AFI database)Tom Keene as Larry MaddenJulie Haydon as Joan StantonRosco Ates asRustyRobert Ellis as Frank SandersonWilliam Scott as Jim MaddenFrank Lackteen as PiuteWade Boteler as TexRoy Stewart as Inspector ClayHarry Tenbrook asBillPassage 3:Sam White (film producer)Sam White (October 16, 1906 – August 8, 2006) was an American film producer, film director and actor.White was bornin Los Angeles on October 16, 1906 to parents who had immigrated from Austria and Hungary.  In 1937, he  married  Claretta Ellis, a studio contractdancer.  They were married for 65 years until her death in 2002.For much of the 1930s, Sam White directed numerous musical sequences in films such asRoberta with Fred Astaire, Ginger Rogers and Irene Dunne; Old Man Rhythm with Betty Grable and Buddy Rogers; Top of the Town with George Murphy; andHooray for Love, with Ann Sothern.During World War II, Sam made six training films for the U.S. Armed forces.  Also in the 1940s, the feature films he producedand directed included Reveille with Beverly, starring Ann Miller (Frank Sinatra's first film); People Are Funny, starring Jack Haley and Rudy Vallée; The Return ofthe Vampire, starring Bela Lugosi; The Girl in the Case, starring Edmund Lowe; After Midnight with Boston Blackie, starting Chester Morris; Louisiana Hayride,starring Judy Canova; and Tahiti Nights, starring Jinx Falkenburg for RKO, Columbia, Universal and Paramount Studios.During the next two decades, Samdirected commercials and produced and directed early television series such as Perry Mason, The Outer Limits, Oh! Those Bells, My Friend Flicka, Boston Blackie,Philip Marlowe, and Big Town, among many others.  In 1969 he produced and directed White Comanche with William Shatner and Joseph Cotten.  He was also asuccessful businessman with his production facility in Pioneer Town and commercial real estate ventures in Los Angeles.Throughout his later years, Sam remainedinterested in world affairs and traveled extensively as a valued ombudsman for the Directors Guild to cement relations between foreign and American filmmakers.In 1990, the Directors Guild of America published an oral history entitled The White Brothers which tells the history of the family as well as the history of earlymovie making in Los Angeles.Sam White, one of the famous White Brothers film and television pioneers, died peacefully at his Encino home just short of his 100thbirthday.  A retrospective was held in 2003 at the Motion Picture and Television Home where a wall of honor was dedicated to him. His professional memorabiliawas positioned alongside those of his renowned brothers, Jack White and Jules White.Selected filmographyLouisiana Hayride (1944)Swing Out theBlues  (1944)Kickin' the Crown Around (1933)Passage 4:I Live on DangerI Live on Danger is a 1942 film noir thriller film directed by Sam White and starringChester Morris and Jean Parker.PlotJeff Morrell is an ambitious radio reporter. The news of the day is the prison release of gambler Eddie Nelson, who was thefallguy for a criminal named Joey Farr.While exclusively covering a ship's fire, Jeff falls for Susan Richards, and knows her to be Eddie's companion. It turns outshe's Eddie's sister, not his girl, and Susan resents it when Jeff's reporting gets Eddie arrested and convicted on a new charge.District Attorney Lamber is incahoots with the crooks. Farr tries to flee, and is tracked to a Pennsylvania coal mine. Jeff gets there first and manages to broadcast Farr's confession, then barelygets away when Farr sets off a blast of TNT. Susan loves Jeff for heroically rescuing her brother.CastChester Morris as Jeff MorrellJean Parker as SusanRichardsElisabeth Risdon as Mrs. MorrellEdward Norris as Eddie NelsonDick Purcell as Norm ThompsonRoger Pryor as Bert JanningsDouglas Fowley as JoeyFarrRalph Sanford as Angie MossEdwin Maxwell as Wingy KeefePatsy Nash as DillyJoe Cunningham as Inspector ConlonBernadene Hayes as JonesyBilly Nelson asGeorge "Longshot" HarrisonVickie Lester as Keefe's secretaryWilliam Bakewell as MacCharlotte Henry as NurseAnna Q. Nilsson as Mrs. ShermanProductionThefilm was based on a story called I'll Be Back in a Flash by Alex Gottlieb. He sold it to Pine Thomas Productions in August 1941. They bought it as the second in athree-picture deal Chester Morris had with Pine-Thomas Productions. Lewis Foster was assigned to write the script.Morris' 38-year-old brother Arthur was meantto play a role in the film but died shortly before filming of a brain haemorrhage.Jean Parker signed to make the film as the first in a three-picture deal she hadwith Pine Thomas.Filming took place in December 1941. Anna Q. Nilsson had her first role in 13 years.ReceptionThe Los Angeles Times called it "a pretty goodB".The New York Times said the film showed "very little than what we have already seen."Passage 5:Sirak M. SabahatSirak M. Sabahat (Hebrew:  .; born December 5, 1981) is an Israeli actor. He is known for his role in the film Live and Become.FilmographyLive and Become (2005)Comme aucinéma (2005)The Children of СССР (2007)Further readingRosen, Steve (2006-12-19). ""Inland Empire" and "Volver" Keep Top Spots; "Live and Become" OpensBig". IndieWireBot. Archived from the original on 2007-01-10. Retrieved 2006-12-19."The Evening Class: 2006 SFJFF—The Evening Class Interview with Sirak M.Sabahat". Theeveningclass.blogspot.com. 2006-08-04. Retrieved 2010-08-03.Passage 6:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States.  He was the director of thePeabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. Hewas the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedycurrently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October 2010 he becamethe ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Earlylife and career in IrelandKennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees fromUniversity College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history.He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission,Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89). Hemarried Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Associationof Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003. In September 1997 he became Director of theNational Gallery of Australia.National Gallery of Australia (NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged forseveral major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensivemulti-media site.  Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, BettyChurcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions.During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant privatedonations and corporate sponsorship. However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect onmoral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some yearslater.  Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tylercollection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive. He was also notable for campaigning for theconstruction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building projectabove).Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some ascensorship. He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit theprivate collection of a speculative art investor. However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns. Theexhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn. Its mostcontroversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous. The then-mayor of New


Passage 1:Born into BrothelsBorn into Brothels: Calcutta's Red Light Kids is a 2004 Indian-American documentary film about the children of prostitutes inSonagachi, Kolkata's red light district. The widely acclaimed film, written and directed by Zana Briski and Ross Kauffman, won a string of accolades including theAcademy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2005.PlotBriski, a documentary photographer, went to Kolkata to photograph prostitutes. While there, shebefriended their children and offered to teach the children photography to reciprocate being allowed to photograph their mothers. The children were givencameras so they could learn photography and possibly improve their lives. Their photographs depicted a life in the red light district through the eyes of childrentypically overlooked and sworn off to do chores around the house until they were able to contribute more substantially to the family welfare.  Much of their workwas used in the film, and the filmmakers recorded the classes as well as daily life in the red light district. The children's work was exhibited, and one boy waseven sent to a photography conference in Amsterdam. Briski also recorded her efforts to place the children in boarding schools although many of the children didnot end up staying very long in the schools they were placed in. Others, such as Avijit and Kochi, not only went on to continue their education but were gradedwell.AftermathThere is debate about the extent to which the documentary has improved the lives of the children featured in it.The filmmakers claim that the livesof children appearing in Born into Brothels have been transformed by money earned through the sale of photos and a book on them. Ross Kauffman, co-directorof the documentary, says that the amount earned is $100,000 (about Rs.4.5 million), which will pay for their tuition and for a school in India for children ofprostitutes. Briski has started a non-profit organization to continue this kind of work in other countries, named Kids with Cameras. A film is being made on the lifestory of a high-profile trio of call girl sisters, Shaveta, Khushboo and Himani, born in one of the brothels of Haryana.In November 2006, Kids with Camerasprovided an update on many of the children's conditions, asserting that they had entered high schools or universities in India and the United States or foundemployment outside of prostitution. Kids with Cameras continues to work toward improving the lives of children from the Calcutta red light district with the planto build a Hope House. Updates for 2010 and 2009  were also published.In 2004, REACT to FILM organized a screening for Born into Brothels  at the SoHo Housein Manhattan, NY.  In 2010, the film's director, Zana Briski, joined the advisory board of REACT to FILM.CriticismsThe Durbar Mahila Samanwaya Committee, aprostitutes' organization active in Sonagachi, has criticized the film for presenting the children's parents as abusive and for ignoring the prostitutes' efforts toprovide  education programs and career building activities for their children. In addition, the film has been criticized in India for perceived racist stereotyping, andhas also been viewed as exploiting the children for the purposes of Indophobic propaganda in the West. A review in Frontline, India's national magazine,summarized this criticism, remarking:IF Born Into Brothels were remade as an adventure-thriller in the tradition of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, itsposters might read: "New York film-maker Zana Briski sallies forth among the natives to save souls.Some critics joined the Sonagachi prostitute-advocacy groupsin condemning the film for exploitation of the plight of the prostitutes for profit. Other criticisms were raised about "ethical and stylistic" problems, by ParthaBanerjee, interpreter between the filmmakers and the children.ReceptionCritical responseBorn into Brothels has an approval rating of 95% on review aggregatorwebsite Rotten Tomatoes, based on 108 reviews, and an average rating of 7.83/10. The website's critical consensus states, "A powerful and upliftingdocumentary". Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 78 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".Awards2004Bermuda International Film Festival Audience Choice Award - Briski, Kauffman; Documentary Prize - Briski, Kauffman2004 Cleveland International Film FestivalBest Film - Briski, Kauffman2004 Full Frame Documentary Film Festival Audience Award - Briski, Kauffman (tied with Word Wars)2004 International DocumentaryAssociation Award for Feature Documentaries - Briski, Kauffman, Geralyn Dreyfous-White, Pamela Boll (tied with Fahrenheit 9/11)2004 National Board of ReviewAward for Best Documentary Feature - Zana Briski and Ross Kauffman2004 Seattle International Film Festival Golden Space Needle Award for Best Documentary- Briski, Kauffman2004 Sundance Film Festival Audience Award, Documentary - Kauffman2005 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Briski,Kauffman2005 Raindance Film Festival Closing Night FilmNominations2005 Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement inDocumentary - Briski, Kauffman2005 Golden Satellite Award for Best Motion Picture, Documentary2004 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards for BestDocumentary/Non-Fiction Film - Kauffman, Briski2004 Sundance Film Festival Grand Jury Prize, Documentary - Kauffman, Briski2013 Calcutta Film Festival(funded by Walt Disney Pictures), Documentary - Spielberg, Steven. Lucas, George. Abrams, J. J.PreservationBorn into Brothels was preserved and restored bythe Academy Film Archive and the UCLA Film & Television Archive in conjunction with the Sundance Institute from a D5, a DigiBeta, a 35mm print and a MagnetoOptical Disk. Restoration funding provided by the Sundance Institute and the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. The restoration had its U.S. WestCoast premiere at the UCLA Festival of Preservation in 2022.Passage 2:Antonio Rinaldi (cinematographer)Antonio Rinaldi was an Italian cinematographer andcamera operator.  He worked exclusively for director Mario Bava on several films, including Planet of the Vampires (1965), Dr. Goldfoot and the Girl Bombs(1966), and Danger: Diabolik (1968).FilmographyPlanet of the Vampires (1965)Knives of the Avenger (1966)Kill, Baby, Kill! (1966)Dr. Goldfoot and the GirlBombs (1966)Danger: Diabolik (1968)Five Dolls for an August Moon (1970)Roy Colt and Winchester Jack (1970)Four Times That Night (1971)Baron Blood(1972)External linksAntonio Rinaldi at IMDbPassage 3:Hassan ZeeHassan "Doctor" Zee is a Pakistani-American film director who was born in Chakwal,Pakistan.Early lifeDoctor Zee grew up in Chakwal, a small village in Punjab, Pakistan. as one of seven brothers and sisters  His father was in the military and thisfact required the family to move often to different cities. As a child Zee was forbidden from watching cinema because his father believed movies were a badinfluence on children.At age 13, Doctor Zee got his start in the world of entertainment at Radio Pakistan where he wrote and produced radio dramas and musicalprograms.  It was then that he realized his passion for storytelling At the age of 26, Doctor Zee earned his medical doctorate degree and did his residency in aburn unit at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences. He cared for women who were victims of  "Bride Burning," the archaic practice used as a form ofpunishment against women who fail to provide sufficient dowry to their in-laws after marriage or fail to provide offspring.  He also witnessed how his country’stransgender and intersex people, called “hijras”, were banned from having jobs and forced to beg to survive. These experiences inspired Doctor Zee to tackle theissues of women’s empowerment and gender inequality in his films.In 1999, he came to San Francisco to pursue his dream of filmmaking and made San Franciscohis homeEducationHe received his early education from Jinnah Public School, Chakwal. He got his medical doctor degree at Rawalpindi Medical College,Pakistan.Film careerDoctor Zee's first film titled Night of Henna was released in 2005. The theme of the film dealt with "the conflict between Old World immigrantcustoms and modern Western ways..." Night of Henna focused on the problems of Pakistani expatriates who found it hard to adjust in American culture. Manyoften landed themselves in trouble when it came to marrying off their children.His second film Bicycle Bride came out in 2010, which was about "the clashbetween the bonds of family and the weight of tradition." His third film House of Temptation that came out in 2014 was about a family which struggles against thetemptations of the Devil. His fourth film “Good Morning Pakistan”, concerned a young American’s journey back to Pakistan where he confronts the contradictorynature of a beautiful and ancient culture that's marred by economic, educational and gender inequality His upcoming fifth film, "Ghost in San Francisco" is asupernatural thriller starring Felissa Rose, Dave Sheridan, and Kyle Lowder where a soldier comes home from Afghanistan to discover that his wife is having anaffair with his best friend. While battling with his inner ghosts and demons, he meets a mysterious woman in San Francisco who promises him a ritual for hiscure.Passage 4:Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini MachineDr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine is a 1965 Pathécolor comedy film directed by Norman Taurog anddistributed by American International Pictures. Starring Vincent Price, Frankie Avalon, Dwayne Hickman, Susan Hart and Jack Mullaney, and featuring Fred Clark,the film is a parody of the then-popular spy trend (the title is a spoof of two James Bond films: the 1962 film Dr. No and the 1964 hit Goldfinger), made usingactors from AIP's beach party and Edgar Allan Poe films. The film was retitled Dr G. and the Bikini Machine in England due to a threatened lawsuit from Eon,holder of the rights to the James Bond series.Despite its low production values, the film has achieved a certain cult status for the appearance of horror legendPrice and AIP's beach party film alumni, its in-jokes and over-the-top sexuality, the claymation title sequence designed by Art Clokey, and a title song performedby The Supremes. Its success led to a sequel, produced in 1966, entitled Dr. Goldfoot and the Girl Bombs.PlotPrice plays the titular mad scientist who, with thequestionable assistance of his resurrected flunky Igor, builds a gang of female robots who are then dispatched to seduce and rob wealthy men. Avalon andHickman play the bumbling heroes who attempt to thwart Goldfoot's scheme. The film's climax is an extended chase through the streets of SanFrancisco.CastCast notesFrankie Avalon and Dwayne Hickman play the same characters they did in the previous year's Ski Party, except that the characters'names were swapped.Annette Funicello makes a brief cameo appearance as a girl locked in medieval stocks in Dr. Goldfoot's lair. Frankie Avalon lifts her head,then looks at the camera and says, "It can't be!"  Pregnant with her first child at the time, Funicello was placed in the stocks in order to hide her stomach.HarveyLembeck also makes a cameo appearance as his Eric Von Zipper character, enchained along with his motorcycle in Goldfoot's lair. Lembeck also appeared as