Passage 1:Hartley LobbanHartley W Lobban (9 May 1926 – 15 October 2004) was a Jamaican-born first-class cricketer who played 17 matches for Worcestershirein the early 1950s.Life and careerLobban played little cricket in Jamaica. He went to England at the end of World War II as a member of the Royal Air Force, andsettled in Kidderminster in Worcestershire in 1947, where he worked as a civilian lorry driver for the RAF. He began playing for Kidderminster Cricket Club in theBirmingham League, and at the start of the 1952 season, opening the bowling for the club's senior team, he had figures of 7 for 9 and 7 for 37.Worcestershireinvited him to play for them, and he made his first-class debut against Sussex in July 1952. He took five wickets in the match (his maiden victim being KenSuttle) and then held on for 4 not out with Peter Richardson (20 not out) to add the 12 runs needed for a one-wicket victory after his county had collapsed from192 for 2 to 238 for 9. A week later he claimed four wickets against Warwickshire, then a few days later still he managed 6 for 52 (five of his victims bowled) inwhat was otherwise a disastrous innings defeat to Derbyshire. In the last match of the season he took a career-best 6 for 51 against Glamorgan; he and RegPerks (4 for 59) bowled unchanged throughout the first innings. Worcestershire won the game and Lobban finished the season with 23 wickets at 23.69.He took23 wickets again in 1953, but at a considerably worse average of 34.43, and had only two really successful games: against Oxford University in June, when hetook 5 for 70, and then against Sussex in July. On this occasion Lobban claimed eight wickets, his most in a match, including 6 for 103 in the first innings. He alsomade his highest score with the bat, 18, but Sussex won by five wickets.In 1954 Lobban made only two first-class appearances, and managed only the singlewicket of Gloucestershire tail-ender Bomber Wells. In his final game, against Warwickshire at Dudley, his nine first-innings overs cost 51. He bowled just twoovers in the second innings as Warwickshire completed an easy ten-wicket win. Lobban played one more Second XI game, against Glamorgan II at Cardiff ArmsPark; in this he picked up five wickets.He was also a professional boxer and played rugby union for Kidderminster.He later moved to Canada, where he worked asa teacher in Burnaby, British Columbia. He and his wife Celia had a son and two daughters.Passage 2:Alejandro RomualdoAlejandro Romualdo (December 19,1926 Trujillo, Peru – May 27, 2008 Lima, Peru) was a Peruvian poet of the 20th century. His best known work is the Song of Tupac Amaru, exalting therevolutionary spirit of the 18th-century leader. The poem, which glorified the Peruvian independence movement, won the Peruvian National Prize for Poetry in1997.LifeBorn Alejandro Valle, he is the son of famed Peruvian actor, Alex Valle, star of the popular TV series, Risas y Salsa. Romualdo studied literature at theNational University of San Marcos in 1946. His first poem, "La torre de los alucinados" made him the recipient of the Peruvian National Prize for Poetry in 1949.Having earned a scholarship, he attended the University of Madrid in 1951. Upon his return to Peru, Romualdo worked as a journalist as more of his works werepublished, which he used as an instrument of agitation and political propaganda that manifested his Marxist convictions. By the mid 1960s, he travelled to Mexicoand Cuba, eventually returning to Peru where he had some temporary jobs, one of them at the National Institute of Culture and also  working as a professor ofjournalism at University of San Martín de Porres in Lima.He married Teresa Pereira (d. 1998) and had 2 sons and a daughter. His son Gabriel Valle, M.D. is anephrologist and medical school professor at University of Miami. Granddaughter, Juliette Valle, (born 2001) is a professional musical theatre actress.Hededicated himself to teaching and journalism. He collaborated in the newspapers La Crónica and La Prensa, and in the magazines Cultura Peruana and Idea. Hispoetries, articles and caricatures, appear signed with his prename of Alejandro Romualdo; also with his nickname Xanno.In 1965 he traveled to Mexico and thenwent to Cuba. Back in Peru he had some temporary jobs, one of them at the National Institute of Culture. He then went on to teach at the University of SanMartín de Porres, becoming a teacher for several generations of journalists.In 1976 he won the OTI Festival award with his poem entitled I want to go out in thesun, set to music by Ernesto Pollarolo and performed by Fernando Llosa. He collaborated in the arts and letters magazine Hueso Hmero (1987,1990).DeathRomualdo was found dead in his home from heart complications in San Isidro District, Lima.See alsoPeruvian literatureBibliographyLuis AlbertoSánchez,: La literatura peruana. Derrotero para una historia cultural del Perú, tomo V, pp. 1581-1582. Cuarta edición y definitiva. Lima, P. L. Villanueva Editor,1975.National Library of Peru, N.º 2012-03529. Toro Montalvo, César: Manual de Literatura Peruana, Tomo II, p. 1452. A.F.A. Editores Importadores S.A. Terceraedición, corregida y aumentada, 2012. Hecho el depósito legal.Mario Vargas Llosa, El pez en el agua. Memorias. Editorial Seix Barral, S. A., 1993. ISBN84-322-0679-2Passage 3:Henry Moore (cricketer)Henry Walter Moore (1849 – 20 August 1916) was an English-born first-class cricketer who spent most of hislife in New Zealand.Life and familyHenry Moore was born in Cranbrook, Kent, in 1849. He was the son of the Reverend Edward Moore and Lady Harriet JanetSarah Montagu-Scott, who was one of the daughters of the 4th Duke of Buccleuch. One of his brothers, Arthur, became an admiral and was knighted. Their greatgrandfather was John Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1783 to 1805. One of their sisters was a maid of honour to Queen Victoria.Moore went to NewZealand in the 1870s and lived in Geraldine and Christchurch. He married Henrietta Lysaght of Hāwera in November 1879, and they had one son. In May 1884she died a few days after giving birth to a daughter, who also died.In 1886 Moore became a Justice of the Peace in Geraldine. In 1897 he married Alice Fish ofGeraldine. They moved to England four years before his death in 1916.Cricket careerMoore was a right-handed middle-order batsman. In consecutive seasons,1876–77 and 1877–78, playing for Canterbury, he made the highest score in the short New Zealand first-class season: 76 and 75 respectively. His 76 came in hisfirst match for Canterbury, against Otago. He went to the wicket early on the first day with the score at 7 for 2 and put on 99 for the third wicket with CharlesCorfe before he was out with the score at 106 for 3 after a "very fine exhibition of free hitting, combined with good defence". Canterbury were all out for 133, butwent on to win the match. His 75 came in the next season's match against Otago, when he took the score from 22 for 2 to 136 for 6. The New Zealand crickethistorian Tom Reese said, "Right from the beginning he smote the bowling hip and thigh, going out of his ground to indulge in some forceful driving." Canterburywon again.Moore led the batting averages in the Canterbury Cricket Association in 1877–78 with 379 runs at an average of 34.4. Also in 1877–78, he was amember of the Canterbury team that inflicted the only defeat on the touring Australians. In 1896–97, at the age of 47, he top-scored in each innings for a SouthCanterbury XVIII against the touring Queensland cricket team.Passage 4:Wesley BarresiWesley Barresi (born 3 May 1984) is a South African born first-class andNetherlands international cricketer. He is a right-handed wicket keeper-batsman and also bowls right-arm offbreak. In February 2021, Barresi announced hisretirement from all forms of cricket, but returned to the national team in August 2022.CareerWesley became the 100th victim to Indian cricketer Yuvraj Singh,when he was dismissed in the 2011 World Cup game against India.In July 2018, he was named in the Netherlands' One Day International (ODI) squad, for theirseries against Nepal. Ahead of the ODI matches, the International Cricket Council (ICC) named him as the key player for the Netherlands.In July 2019, he wasselected to play for the Amsterdam Knights in the inaugural edition of the Euro T20 Slam cricket tournament. However, the following month, the tournament wascancelled.Passage 5:Greg A. Hill (artist)Greg A. Hill is a Canadian-born First Nations artist and curator. He is Kanyen'kehà:ka Mohawk, from Six Nations of theGrand River Territory, Ontario.Early lifeHill was born and raised in Fort Erie, Ontario.Art careerHis work as a multidisciplinary artist focuses primarily oninstallation, performance and digital imaging and explores issues of his Mohawk and French-Canadian identity through the prism of colonialism, nationalism andconcepts of place and community.Hill has been exhibiting his work since 1989, with solo exhibitions and performance works across Canada as well as groupexhibitions in North America and abroad. His work can be found in the collections of the Canada Council, the Indian Art Centre, Indian and Northern AffairsCanada, the Canadian Native Arts Foundation (now Indspire), the Woodland Cultural Center, the City of Ottawa, the Ottawa Art Gallery and the InternationalMuseum of Electrography.Curatorial careerHill serves as the Audain Senior Curator of Indigenous Art at the National Gallery of Canada.Awards and honoursIn2018, Hill received the Indspire Award for Arts.Passage 6:John Allen (Oxford University cricketer)John Aubrey Allen (born 19 July 1974) is an Australian teacher,rugby player and cricketer.Allen was born in Windsor, New South Wales. He attended Bede Polding College in South Windsor, before graduating with a BA inhuman movement studies at the University of Technology Sydney, where he also completed his Diploma of Education. He played rugby for several clubs, mostnotably for the Brumbies who he represented in the Ricoh Championship. He also played Grade cricket for Hawkesbury Cricket Club near Sydney. At 21, hemoved to England to study for his master's degree at University College, Oxford. While at Oxford, Allen was awarded his blue in rugby union and cricket.Allenplayed as a centre in rugby union and as a forward in rugby league. He captained Oxford University RFC in 2003, leading the team to a draw in The Varsity Matchagainst Cambridge at Twickenham in December that year. Earlier in the year, he scored a try late in the game to seal Oxford's victory in the Rugby League VarsityMatch at the Athletic Ground, Richmond.For Oxford University Cricket Club, he played in two first-class matches, including the varsity match.After completing hismaster's, Allen returned to teaching in Australia and in 2017 was working as Director of Sport and Co-Curricular at Trinity Grammar School in Sydney, New SouthWales.Passage 7:Wale AdebanwiWale Adebanwi (born 1969) is a Nigerian-born first Black Rhodes Professor at St Antony's College, Oxford where he was, untilJune 2021, a Professor of Race Relations, and the Director of the African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, and a Governing Board Fellow.He is currently a Presidential Penn Compact Professor of Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. Adebanwi's research focuses on a range of topics in


Passage 1:Helena (empress)Flavia Julia Helena (; Greek: λένη, Helénē; c.  AD 246/248– c. 330), also known as Helena of Constantinople and Saint Helena, wasan Augusta of the Roman Empire and mother of Emperor Constantine the Great. She was born in the lower classes traditionally in the Greek city of Drepanon,Bithynia, in Asia Minor, which was renamed Helenopolis in her honor, though several locations have been proposed for her birthplace and origin.Helena ranks asan important figure in the history of Christianity. In her final years, she made a religious tour of Syria Palaestina and Jerusalem, during which ancient traditionclaims that she discovered the True Cross. The Eastern Orthodox Church, Catholic Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, and Anglican Communion revere her as asaint, and the Lutheran Church commemorates her.Early lifeSources agree that Helena was a Greek, probably from Asia Minor in modern Turkey. Her birthplace isnot known with certainty, but Helenopolis, then Drepanum, in Bithynia is, following Procopius, "generally assumed" to be the place. Her name is attested on coinsas Flavia Helena, Flavia Julia Helena and sometimes Aelena. Joseph Vogt suggested that the name Helena was typical for the Greek-speaking part of the RomanEmpire and that therefore her place of origin should be looked for in the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. The 6th-century historian Procopius is theearliest authority for the statement that Helena was a native of Drepanum, in the province of Bithynia in Asia Minor. The name Helena appears in all areas of theEmpire, but is not epigraphically attested in inscriptions of Bithynia (Helena's proposed region of origin) and it was also common in Latin-speaking areas.Procopius lived much later than the era he was describing and his description may have been actually intended as an etymological explanation about the toponymHelenopolis. On the other hand, her son Constantine renamed the city "Helenopolis" after her death around AD 330, which supports the belief that the city wasindeed her birthplace. The Byzantinist Cyril Mango has, however, argued that Helenopolis was refounded to strengthen the communication network aroundConstantine's new capital in Constantinople, and was renamed simply to honor Helena, not to necessarily mark her birthplace. There was also a Helenopolis inPalestine and a Helenopolis in Lydia. These cities, and the province of Helenopontus in the Pontus, were probably all named after Constantine's mother. Two otherlocations in France and the Pyrenees have been named after Helena. Equally uncertain to Drepanum and without strong documentation suggestions about herbirthplace are: Naissus (central Balkans), Caphar or Edessa (Mesopotamia), Trier.The bishop and historian Eusebius of Caesarea states that Helena was about 80on her return from Palestine. Since that journey has been dated to 326–28, she was probably born around 246 to 249. Information about her social backgrounduniversally suggests that she came from the lower classes. Fourth-century sources, following Eutropius' Breviarium, record that she came from a humblebackground. Bishop Ambrose of Milan, writing in the late 4th century was the first to call her a stabularia, a term translated as "stable-maid" or "inn-keeper". Hemakes this comment a virtue, calling Helena a bona stabularia, a "good stable-maid", probably to contrast her with the general suggestion of sexual laxnessconsidered typical of that group. Other sources, especially those written after Constantine's proclamation as emperor, gloss over or ignore her background.BothGeoffrey of Monmouth and Henry of Huntingdon promoted a popular tradition that Helena was a British princess and the daughter of "Old King Cole" from thearea of Colchester. This led to the later dedication of 135 churches in England to her, many in around the area of Yorkshire, and revived as a suggestion in the20th century in the novel by Evelyn Waugh.Marriage to Emperor ConstantiusIt is unknown where she first met Constantius. The historian Timothy Barnes hassuggested that Constantius, while serving under Emperor Aurelian, could have met her while stationed in Asia Minor for the campaign against Zenobia. It is saidthat upon meeting they were wearing identical silver bracelets; Constantius saw her as his soulmate sent by God. Barnes calls attention to an epitaph atNicomedia of one of Aurelian's protectors, which could indicate the emperor's presence in the Bithynian region soon after AD 270. The precise legal nature of therelationship between Helena and Constantius is also unknown. The sources are equivocal on the point, sometimes calling Helena Constantius' "wife", andsometimes, following the dismissive propaganda of Constantine's rival Maxentius, calling her his "concubine". Jerome, perhaps confused by the vague terminologyof his own sources, manages to do both.Some scholars, such as the historian Jan Drijvers, assert that Constantius and Helena were joined in a common-lawmarriage, a cohabitation recognized in fact but not in law. Others, like Timothy Barnes, assert that Constantius and Helena were joined in an official marriage, onthe grounds that the sources claiming an official marriage are more reliable.Helena gave birth to the future emperor Constantine I on 27 February of an uncertainyear soon after 270 (probably around 272). At the time, she was in Naissus (Niš, Serbia). In order to obtain a wife more consonant with his rising status,Constantius divorced Helena some time before 289, when he married Theodora, Maximian's daughter under his command. The narrative sources date themarriage to 293, when Constantius was appointed caesar (heir-apparent) of Maximian, but the Latin panegyric of 289 refers to the new couple as alreadymarried. Helena and her son were dispatched to the court of Diocletian at Nicomedia, where Constantine grew to be a member of the inner circle. Helena neverremarried and lived for a time in obscurity, though close to her only son, who had a deep regard and affection for her.After Constantine's ascension to thethroneConstantine was proclaimed augustus (emperor) in 306 by Constantius' troops after the latter had died, and following his elevation his mother was broughtback to the public life in 312, returning to the imperial court. She appears in the Eagle Cameo portraying Constantine's family, probably commemorating the birthof Constantine's son Constantine II in the summer of 316.She lived in the Horti Spei Veteris in Rome which she converted into an even more luxuriouspalace.Pilgrimage and relic discoveriesConstantine appointed his mother Helena as Augusta, and gave her unlimited access to the imperial treasury in order tolocate the relics of the Christian tradition. In AD 326–28 Helena undertook a trip to Palestine. According to Eusebius of Caesarea, who records the details of herpilgrimage to Palestine and other eastern provinces, and Socrates Scholasticus, she was responsible for the construction or beautification of the Church of theNativity in Bethlehem, and the Church of Eleona on the Mount of Olives; sites of Christ's birth and ascension, respectively. Local founding legend attributes toHelena's orders the construction of a church in Egypt to identify the Burning Bush of Sinai. The chapel at Saint Catherine's Monastery—often referred to as theChapel of Saint Helen—is dated to the year 330.The True Cross and the Church of the Holy SepulchreJerusalem was still being rebuilt following the destructioncaused by Titus in AD 70. Emperor Hadrian had built during the 130s a temple to Venus over the supposed site of Jesus' tomb near Calvary, and renamed the cityAelia Capitolina. Accounts differ concerning whether the temple was dedicated to Venus or Jupiter. According to Eusebius, "[t]here was a temple of Venus on thespot. This the queen (Helena) had destroyed." According to tradition, Helena ordered the temple torn down and, according to the legend that arose at the end ofthe 4th century, chose a site to begin excavating, which led to the recovery of three different crosses. The legend is recounted in Ambrose, On the Death ofTheodosius (died 395) and at length in Rufinus' chapters appended to his translation into Latin of Eusebius's Ecclesiastical History, the main body of which doesnot mention the event. Then, Rufinus relates, the empress refused to be swayed by anything short of solid proof and performed a test. Possibly through BishopMacarius of Jerusalem, she had a woman who was near death brought from the city. When the woman touched the first and second crosses, her condition did notchange, but when she touched the third and final cross she suddenly recovered, and Helena declared the cross with which the woman had been touched to be theTrue Cross.On the site of discovery, Constantine ordered the building of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Churches were also built on other sites detected byHelena.The "Letter From Constantine to Macarius of Jerusalem", as presented in Eusebius' Life of Constantine, states:"Such is our Saviour's grace, that no powerof language seems adequate to describe the wondrous circumstance to which I am about to refer. For, that the monument of his [Christ's] most holy Passion, solong ago buried beneath the ground, should have remained unknown for so long a series of years, until its reappearance to his servants now set free through theremoval of him who was the common enemy of all, is a fact which truly surpasses all admiration. I have no greater care than how I may best adorn with asplendid structure that sacred spot, which, under Divine direction, I have disencumbered as it were of the heavy weight of foul idol worship [the Roman temple];a spot which has been accounted holy from the beginning in God’s judgment, but which now appears holier still, since it has brought to light a clear assurance ofour Saviour’s passion."Sozomen and Theodoret claim that Helena also found the nails of the crucifixion. To use their miraculous power to aid her son, Helenaallegedly had one placed in Constantine's helmet, and another in the bridle of his horse. According to one tradition, Helena acquired the Holy Tunic on her trip toJerusalem and sent it to Trier.CyprusSeveral relics purportedly discovered by Helena are now in Cyprus, where she spent some time. Among them are itemsbelieved to be part of Jesus Christ's tunic, pieces of the holy cross, and pieces of the rope with which Jesus was tied on the Cross. The rope, considered to be theonly relic of its kind, has been held at the Stavrovouni Monastery, which was also said to have been founded by Helena. According to tradition, Helena isresponsible for the large population of cats in Cyprus. Local tradition holds that she imported hundreds of cats from Egypt or Palestine in the fourth century to rida monastery of snakes. The monastery is today known as "St. Nicholas of the Cats" (Greek Άγιος Νικόλαος των Γατών) and is located near Limassol.RomeHelenaleft Jerusalem and the eastern provinces in 327 to return to Rome, bringing with her large parts of the True Cross and other relics, which were then stored in herpalace's private chapel, now the Basilica of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, where they can be still seen today. This has been maintained by Cistercian monks in themonastery which has been attached to the church for centuries.Death and burialHelena died around 330, with her son at her side. She was buried in the


Passage 1:Roberto SavioRoberto Savio (born in Rome, Italy, but also holding Argentine nationality) is a journalist, communication expert, political commentator,activist for social and climate justice  and advocate of global governance. He has spent most of his career with Inter Press Service (IPS), the news agency whichhe founded in 1964 along with Argentine journalist Pablo Piacentini.Savio studied Economics at the University of Parma, followed by post-graduate courses inDevelopment Economics under Gunnar Myrdal, History of Art and International Law in Rome. He started his professional career as a research assistant inInternational Law at the University of Parma.Early activitiesWhile at university, Roberto Savio acted as an international officer with Italy’s National StudentAssociation and the Youth Movement of Italy’s Christian Democracy party, eventually taking on responsibility for Christian Democracy’s relations with developingcountries. After leaving university, he became international press chief for former Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro. After the 1973 Chilean coup d’etat, RobertoSavio left Italian politics to pursue journalism.Early journalistic careerRoberto Savio’s career in journalism began with Italian daily ‘Il Popolo’ and he went on tobecome Director for News Services for Latin America with RAI, Italy’s state broadcasting company. He received a number of awards for TV documentaries,including the Saint-Vincent Award for Journalism, the most prestigious journalism award in Italy.Inter Press Service (IPS)Throughout his student years, RobertoSavio had cultivated an interest in analysing and explaining the huge information and communication gap that existed between the North and the South of theworld, particularly Latin America. Together with Argentine journalist Pablo Piacentini, he decided to create a press agency that would permit Latin American exilesin Europe to write about their countries for a European audience.That agency, which was known in the early days as Roman Press Agency, was the seed for whatwas to become the Inter Press Service (IPS) news agency, which was formally established at a meeting in the Schloss Eichholz conference centre of the KonradAdenauer Foundation (the foundation of the CDU), in Wesseling near Bonn, then the capital city of West Germany.From the outset, it was decided that IPS wouldbe a non-profit cooperative of journalists and its statute declared that two-thirds of the members should come from the South.Roberto Savio gave IPS its uniquemission – “giving a voice to the voiceless” – acting as a communication channel that privileges the voices and the concerns of the poorest and creates a climate ofunderstanding, accountability and participation around development, promoting a new international information order between the South and the North.Theagency grew rapidly throughout the 1970s and 1980s until the dramatic events of 1989-91 – the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union –prompted new goals and definitions: IPS was the first news outlet to identify itself as “global” and define the new concept of neoliberal globalisation ascontributing to the distancing of developing countries from wealth, trade and policy-making.IPS offers communication services to improve South–Southcooperation and South-North exchanges and carries out projects with international partners to open up communication channels to all social sectors.IPS has beenrecognised by the United Nations and granted NGO consultative status (category I) with ECOSOC.With the strengthening of the process of globalisation, IPS hasdedicated itself to global issues, becoming the news agency for global civil society: more than 30,000 NGOs subscribe to its services, and several million peopleare readers of its online services.Under Roberto Savio, IPS won the Washington-based Population Institute’s “most conscientious news service” award nine time inthe 1990s, beating out the major wire services year in and year out.IPS won FAO’s A.H. Boerma Award for journalism in 1997  for its "significant contribution tocovering sustainable agriculture and rural development in more than 100 countries, filling the information gap between developed and developing countries byfocusing on issues such as rural living, migration, refugees and the plight of women and children".On the initiative of Roberto Savio, IPS established theInternational Journalism Award in 1985 to honour outstanding journalists whose efforts, and often lives, contributed significantly to exposing human rightsviolations and advancing democracy, most often in developing countries. In 1991, the scope of the award was broadened to reflect the tremendous changestaking place in the world following the historic break-up of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. The Award, renamed the International AchievementAward, was given in recognition of the work of individuals and organisations that “continue to fight for social and political justice in the new world order”.RobertoSavio is now President Emeritus of IPS and Chairman of the IPS Board of Trustees, which also includes former U.N. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali,former Portuguese President Mario Soares, former UNESCO Director-General Federico Mayor Zaragoza, former Finnish President and Nobel Peace Prize laureateMartti Ahtisaari, former Costa Rican President and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Oscar Arias and former Japanese Prime Minister Toshiki Kaifue.After stepping downas Director-General of IPS, Roberto Savio has continued his interest in “alternative” communication and information, founding Other News as an internationalnon-governmental association of people concerned about the decline of the information media.Other NewsIn 2008, Roberto Savio launched the online Other Newsservice to provide “information that markets eliminate”.Other News publishes reports that have already appeared in niche media but not in mass circulationmedia, in addition to opinions and analyses from research centres, universities and think tanks – material that is intended to give readers access to news andopinion that they will not find in their local newspapers but which they might wish to read “as citizens who care about a world free from the pernicious effects oftoday’s globalisation”.Other News also distributes daily analysis on international issues, particularly the themes of global governance and multilateralism, toseveral thousand policy-makers and leaders of civil society, in both English and Spanish.Communication initiativesAn internationally renowned expert incommunications issues, Roberto Savio has helped launched numerous communication and information projects, always with an emphasis on the developingworld.Among others, Roberto Savio helped launch the National Information Systems Network (ASIN) for Latin America and the Caribbean,  theUNESCO-sponsored Agencia Latinoamericana de Servicios Especiales de Informacion [Latin American Special Information Services Agency] (ALASEI), and theWomen’s Feature Service (WFS), initially an IPS service and now an independent NGO with headquarters in New Delhi.He also founded the TechnologicalInformation Promotion System (TIPS), a major U.N. project to implement and foster technological and economic cooperation among developing countries, and hedeveloped Women into the New Network for Entrepreneurial Reinforcement (WINNER), a TIPS training project aimed at educating and empowering small andmedium woman entrepreneurs in developing countries. The activities of TIPS are currently carried by the executing agency, Development Information Network(DEVNET), an international association which Roberto Savio helped create and which has been recognised by the United Nations as an NGO holding consultativestatus (category I) with the U.N. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).Roberto Savio has also been actively involved in promoting exchanges between regionalinformation services, such as between ALASEI and the Organisation of Asian News Agencies (OANA) now known as the Organisation of Asia-Pacific NewsAgencies, and between the PanAfrican News Agency (PANA) and the Federation of Arab News Agencies (FANA).Roberto Savio was instrumental in placing theconcept of a Development Press Bulletin Service Tariff on the agenda of UNESCO’s International Commission for the Studyof Communication Problems (MacBrideCommission).Roberto Savio has also worked closely in the field of information and communication with many United Nations organisations, including the UnitedNations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and CulturalOrganisation (UNESCO), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the United Nations Institute for Trainingand Research (UNITAR).Achievements and awardsIn 1970, Roberto Savio received the Saint-Vincent Award for Journalism, the most prestigious journalism awardin Italy, for a five-part series on Latin America which was recognised as “best TV transmission”.He was awarded the Hiroshima Peace Award in 2013 for his“contribution towards the construction of a century of peace by ‘giving voice to the voiceless’ through Inter Press Service for nearly five decades”. The award wasestablished by Soka Gakkai, a lay Buddhist organisation based in Tokyo.He received the Joan Gomis Memorial Award (Catalunya) for Journalism for Peace in2013.In October 2016, during the 31st Festival of Latin American Cinema in Trieste, Italy, Roberto Savio received the "Salvador Allende" award, given to honour apersonality from the world of culture, art or politics who actively supported the conservation of Latin America's rich history and culture.In 2019, he received aspecial diploma from the President of Chile, Michelle Bachelet, for his role of solidarity during the Chilean military dictatorship.He was appointed by President ofthe Republic Mattarella, one of the twelve Knights of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic for 2021. He also received an honorary degree in political sciencefrom the United Nations Peace University in 2021.Advisory activitiesRoberto Savio served as Senior Adviser for Strategies and Communication to the DirectorGeneral of the International Labour Organization (ILO) from 1999 to 2003. He also served as an internal communication consultant to Catherine Bertini, ExecutiveDirector of the World Food Programme (WFP), in 2000.AffiliationsFrom 1999 to 2003, Roberto Savio was a board member of the Training Centre for RegionalIntegration, based in Montevideo, Uruguay.After several years as a member of the Governing Council of the Society for International Development (SID), theworld’s oldest international civil society development organisation, he was elected Secretary-General for three terms, and is now the organisation’sSecretary-General Emeritus.Roberto Savio was founder and President of Indoamerica, an NGO that promotes education in poor areas of Argentina suffering fromsocial breakdown.He has been a member of the International Committee of the World Social Forum (WSF) since it was established in 2001, a member of theInternational Council and was elected as Coordinator of the ‘Media, Culture and Counter-Hegemony’ thematic area at WSF 2003.Roberto Savio is co-founder of


Passage 1:Peter LevinPeter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directingepisodic television and television films. Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family,Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The RideoutCase (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films. He directed "Heart inHiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming a director, Levinworked as an actor in several Broadway productions. He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when hewas drafted into the Army. He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University. Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long WharfTheatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company. He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey DavisLevin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company.Passage 2:Dana BlanksteinDana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executivedirector of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School. She was appointed by the board of directors  in November 2019.  Previously she was the CEO of theIsraeli Academy of Film and Television. She is a film director, and an Israeli culture entrepreneur.BiographyDana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 totheatre director Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein. She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv.Blankstein graduated from the Sam SpiegelFilm and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with high honors. During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina'sTragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners.  She also directed and shot 'the making of' film on Gavison's film Lost and Found. Her debut film Campingcompeted at the Berlin International Film Festival, 2007.Film and academic careerAfter her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and television departmentat the Kfar Saba municipality. The department encouraged and promoted productions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects,and educational community activities.Blankstein directed the mini-series "Tel Aviviot" (2012). From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy of Filmand Television.In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed the new director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also overseesthe Sam Spiegel International Film Lab. In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and the film preparatory program for Arabic speakers in eastJerusalem.FilmographyTel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)Camping (debutfilm, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)Passage 3:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas(1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The Chain Reaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring ofScorpio (1990) (mini-series)Crimebroker (1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story ofOzploitation! (2008) (documentary)The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)Passage 4:Muvva GopaluduMuvva Gopaludu is a 1987 Indian Telugu-language romanticdrama film produced by S. Gopala Reddy and directed by Kodi Ramakrishna. The film stars Nandamuri Balakrishna, Vijayashanti and Shobana, with musiccomposed by K. V. Mahadevan. It is a remake of the Tamil film Aruvadai Naal (1986). The film was released on 19 May 1987.PlotThe film begins in a villagewhere Gopi an opulent active youth is squashed by his vicious brother-in-law Basava Raju with petrifying. Yet, his sister Nagalakshmi warmth on him. Meanwhile,Nirmala a medico reared by a Christian missionary is appointed as govt doctor in the same village. Nevertheless, Nirmala is unbiased about it as her ambition is toturn into a nun. But following a request of a Mother proceeds to the village. Wherein, she meets Father Lawrence an altruistic admired by the public. Presently,Gopi & Nirmala have been acquainted in an altercation and developed a good intimacy. Once, Gopi attempts suicide as Basavaraju's mortifications peak.Forthwith, he is safeguarded by Nirmala when he puts his dearness into words. Now Nirmala is under the dichotomy when Father Lawrance enlightens her thatlove is not a sin. Plus, it would be fair if she knits Gopi. Basava Raju is conscious of it and fakes his acceptance but plots to wedlock Gopi with his daughterKrishnaveni for his wealth. Nirmala delightfully moves to invite her revivalists for the espousal. Consequently, Basava Raju forges Krishnaveni's pubertyceremony. On that occasion, he ruses by hiding a wedding chain Mangalsutram in a garland. Being unbeknownst Gopi puts it to Krishnaveni and Basava Rajudeclares them as man & wife. In the interim, Nirmala returns, understands the existing state, and is about to quit but backs on plead of the villagers.Grief-stricken Gopi turns into a drunkard. Spotting his pain Krishnaveni complains against Basava Raju and divulges the actuality with aid of Father Lawerance.Thus, the Panchayat passes on the annulment of Krishnaveni's marriage and also provides clearance to the nuptials of Gopi & Nirmala. As of today, the completevillage comes together to perform the alliance when enraged Basava Raju onslaughts on them in which Father Lawerance is slain. On the verge of killing Nirmala,she sets foot in the church which stuns everyone. At this point, inflamed Gopi slaughters Basava Raju at the instigation of his sister and is sentenced to 7 years.At last, Gopi is acquitted Krishnaveni gives him a warm welcome and Nirmala appears as a nun. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note Nirmala uniting Gopi &Krishnaveni.CastNandamuri Balakrishna as Muvva Gopala Krishna Prasad / GopiVijayashanti as NirmalaShobhana as KrishnaveniRao Gopal Rao as BasavaRajuGollapudi Maruti Rao as Father LawrenceChidatala Appa Rao as VillagerK.K. Sarma as VillagerTelephone Satyanarayana as PresidentJayachitra asNagalakshmiSatyavathi as Jalaga LakshammaAnitha as NunChilaka Radha as SeetaluKalpana Rai as NukaluY. Vijaya as VeerammaSoundtrackMusic composed byK. V. Mahadevan. Lyrics were written by C. Narayana Reddy.AccoladesNandi Award for Second Best Story Writer – G. M. KumarPassage 5:Brian Kennedy (gallerydirector)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works inthe United States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director of the ToledoMuseum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra)from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art atDartmouth College. In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executivedirector and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career in IrelandKennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A.(1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history.He worked in the Irish Department ofEducation (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office(1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublinfrom 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to2003. In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery of Australia (NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitionsand loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself andoversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinuedthe emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions.During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improvingthe building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship. However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a publicdispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altereddesign completed some years later.  Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, andLucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesiantextiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive. He was also notable forcampaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to thebuilding project above).Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, andseen by some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institutioncannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor. However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raisedsimilar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in Londonand Brooklyn. Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous.The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgustingattack on religion." In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit ofthe works of art". He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far."Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of arange of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns


Passage 1:Philipp Moritz, Count of Hanau-MünzenbergPhilipp Moritz of Hanau-Münzenberg (25 August 1605 – 3 August 1638 in Hanau) succeeded his father asCount of Hanau-Münzenberg in 1612.LifePhilipp Moritz was the son of Count Philipp Ludwig II of Hanau-Münzenberg and his wife, Princess Catharina Belgica(1578–1648), a daughter of William the Silent.YouthPhilipp Moritz was seven years old when his father died and he inherited Hanau-Münzenberg. His father's willstipulated that his mother, Princess Catharina Belgica of Nassau, should be the sole regent and guardian, and the Imperial Supreme Court confirmed this.At theage of eight, he was sent to the school that had been established after the Reformation in the buildings of the former monastery at Schlüchtern, which is todaythe Ulrich von Hutten-Gymnasium. In 1613, he continued his education at University of Basel (where his grandfather had also studied), in Geneva andSedan.ReignEnd of the regencyCount Philipp Moritz's rule began with an altercation between himself and his mother, Princess Catharina Belgica, about thetermination of the regency and nature and the size of her widow seat. She wanted to act as co-regent, even after his 25th birthday, the age of consent under thecommon law, despite an agreement closed in 1628 and an opinion from the Law Faculty of the University of Marburg. Philipp Moritz, tried to remove his motherfrom the government. They took their case to the Imperial Supreme Court and treated each other rudely; Philipp Moritz even removed his mother from thecountly palace in Hanau. However, he compensated her for this in 1629. They never managed to properly wind up the regency. On the other hand, Philipp Moritzdid manage to settle with his cousin Johann Ernst the fierce dispute which his father had had with Johann Ernst's father, his uncle Albrecht ofHanau-Münzenberg-Schwarzenfels, about the primogeniture and Albrecht's apanage.The Thirty Years' War and exileOne reason the regency was never properlywound up, was the Thirty Years' War, which approached Hanau around 1630. When the Imperial troops reached Hanau, Philipp Moritz chose their side, in order toretain the military command of his capital. He was appointed Colonel and was expected to provide three companies. In November 1631, Swedish troops occupiedHanau and King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden entered the city. Philipp Moritz decided to change sides. He was a Calvinist and for him choosing between theCatholic Emperor and the Lutheran Swedish king may have been like a choice between Scylla and Charybdis. Gustavus Adolphus appointed him to colonel andgave him a Swedish regiment. As a reward for his changing side, he gave him the district of Orb and the shares the Electorate of Mainz had held in the formerCounty of Rieneck and the districts of Partenstein, Lohrhaupten, Bieber and Alzenau. He gave Philipp Moritz's brothers, Heinrich Ludwig (1609–1632) and JakobJohann (1612–1636) the town and district of Steinheim, which was also a former possession of Mainz. These possessions were lost when the Catholic side gainedthe upper hand after the Battle of Nördlingen in September 1634. Changing sides again would make Philipp Moritz seem untrustworthy, so he decided to flee. Hefled to Metz and from there via Chalon, Rouen and Amsterdam to his Orange-Nassau relatives in the Hague and Delft. He left his youngest brother, Jakob Johann,as regent in Hanau, because Jakob Johann was considered politically neutral.Hanau was a well-developed fortress town and remained occupied until 1638 bySwedish troops under General Jakob von Ramsay, who controlled the surrounding countryside from Hanau. He excluded Jakob Johann from any influence and sothe later left the city.Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen used the occupation of Hanau by the Swedish as background in his picaresque novel SimpliciusSimplicissimus.Return from exileFrom September 1635 to June 1636, Hanau was unsuccessfully besieged by imperial troops under General Guillaume de Lamboy.This siege proved the value of the modern defensive system, which had been constructed only a few years before. Thousands of refugees fled from thesurrounding villages into the city. After a nine-month siege, the city was relieved by an army under Landgrave Wilhelm V of Hesse-Kassel. He was Philipp Moritz'sbrother-in-law, as he had married Philipp Moritz's sister, Amalie Elisabeth. A church service was held annually to commemorate the relief. After 1800, thisdeveloped into an annual Lamboy festival.In 1637, Philipp Moritz reconciled with the new Emperor, Ferdinand III and changed sides again, back to the Catholicside. He returned to Hanau on 17 December 1637. General Ramsay ignored this and interned Philipp Moritz in the City Castle. He was obviously hoping to receiveHanau as a fief.However, on 11 February [O.S. 2 February] 1638, Johann Winter von Güldenborn, a major in the Hanau army, supported by members of theWetterau Association of Imperial Counts, staged a coup against the Swedes. He drove them out of Hanau and restored Philipp Moritz to power. General Ramsaywas arrested and taken to Dillenburg, where he died months later from injuries he sustained during this action.TriviumPhilipp Moritz was a member of theFruitbearing Society, under the nickname der Faselnde.DeathPhilipp Moritz died on 3 August 1638 and was buried in the family crypt his father had established inthe Church of St. Mary in Hanau.Marriage and issuePhilipp Moritz returned to Hanau in 1626 and married Princess Sibylle Christine of Anhalt-Dessau. They hadthe following children:Sibylle Mauritania (2 November 1630 – 24 March 1631). She was buried in the family vault in the St. Mary's Church in Hanau. The remainswere reburied in 1879 in a new coffin, as the old one had rotted.Adolphine (31 October 1631 – 22 December 1631). Baptized on 4 December 1631. Her Godfatherwas King Gustaf II Adolf of Sweden, with Count Reinhard of Solms acting on his behalf.Philipp Ludwig III (26 November 1632 – 12 November 1641), whosucceeded his father as ruler of the county of Hanau-Münzenberg.Johann Heinrich (3 May 1634 – 28 October 1634 in Metz). Johann Heinrich died while hisrelatives had fled from Hanau to the Netherlands. Because of the war, he was initially buried in Zweibrücken in 1635. His mother had his body transported toHanau as soon as it was possible again, and on 30 November 1638, he was buried in a metal coffin in the family vault in the Church of St. Mary in Hanau.LouiseEleanor Belgica (born: 3 March 1636 in Metz; died later that year in the Hague, where she was buried).AncestorsPassage 2:Philipp Ludwig III, Count ofHanau-MünzenbergCount Philipp Ludwig III of Hanau-Münzenberg (26 November [O.S. 16 November] 1632 in Hanau – 12 November 1641 in The Hague) was thelast count of the main Hanau-Münzenberg line of the House of Hanau.  After his death, the Hanau-Münzenberg-Schwarzenfels line inheritedHanau-Münzenberg.YouthPhilipp Ludwig was the eldest son of Count Philipp Moritz of Hanau-Münzenberg and Princess Sibylle Christine of Anhalt-Dessau.  He wasborn in Hanau on 26 November [O.S. 16 November] 1632, and baptized there on 13 January [O.S. 3 January] 1633.In 1634, the political situation in the ThirtyYears' War forced Philipp Moritz to flee with his family.  He fled via Metz, Châlons, Rouen and Amsterdam to his Orange-Nassau relatives in Delft and TheHague.  Philipp Moritz returned to Hanau-Münzenberg in 1637, however, he left his son with his mother, Countess Catharina Belgica of Nassau.Philipp Moritz diedin 1638, only 33 years old.  Thus Philipp Ludwig III inherited Hanau-Münzenberg at the age of 5.  The Reichskammergericht appointed his mother as his soleguardian.  Unlike earlier rulers of Hanau-Münzenberg, she maintained a relaxed relationship with the Hanau-Münzenberg-Schwarzenfels line of thefamily.DeathPhilipp Ludwig III died of the measles at the age of 8, on 12 November 1641 in The Hague.  He was the last member of the main Hanau-Münzenbergline.  His siblings had all died before him.  Hanau-Münzenberg was inherited by his first cousin once removed Count Johann Ernst ofHanau-Münzenberg-Schwarzenfels.  When Johann Ernst died a year later, Hanau-Münzenberg fell to the Hanau-Lichtenberg line.Philipp Ludwig III was buried on18 February 1646 in the family crypt in the Church of St. Mary in Hanau, together with his mother and his successor.  His pewter coffin was stolen in 1812, duringthe chaos of the Napoleonic Wars.  He was reburied in a joint coffin, together with corpses from other coffins that had also been stolen.AncestorsPassage 3:PhilippLudwig I, Count of Hanau-MünzenbergPhilipp Ludwig I, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (21 November 1553 – 4 February 1580) succeeded his father in thegovernment of the County of Hanau-Münzenberg in 1561.BackgroundPhilipp Ludwig I, was the son of Count Philipp III of Hanau-Münzenberg and CountessPalatine Helena of Simmern. His godparents were:Duchess Palatinate Maria of Simmern (1519–1567), daughter of the Margrave Casimir ofBrandenburg-Kulmbach, married to Elector Friedrich IIICount Philipp of Solms-BraunfelsCount Ludwig of Stolberg-KönigsteinHis hobby was collecting coins andmedals.YouthChildhoodNothing is known about his early years. In 1560, when he was seven years old, his father appointed him as bailiff of the district of Steinau.Presumably, this was a sinecure.Just one year later, his father died and he inherited the county of Hanau-Münzenberg. A committee of regents was appointed torule on his behalf.RegencyThe regency was established by the Reichskammergericht ("Imperial Supreme Court") at the request of his mother. Three regents wereappointed, as requested:Count Johann VI of Nassau-Dillenburg, a step-great-uncle of the ward, who was also related directly to his wardCount Philipp IV ofHanau-Lichtenberg, the reigning Count of Hanau in the other line, and thus—very distantly—related to his ward.Elector Palatine Friedrich III is mentioned in theliterature as the chief regent. There is, however, no documentary evidence that he acted as such.Count Reinhard I of Solms, who had already acted as a guardianfor Philipp Ludwig's father and who was more closely related to Philipp Ludwig, was apparently ignored when the regency was established. He had expected to beregent and had already accepted the homage of the subjects, whom he now had to release. The reason may have been that Reinhard was a Catholic andHanau-Münzenberg had joined to Reformation religiously as well as politically. On the other hand, the contrast between Calvinism (as practised in the Electorateof the Palatinate) and Lutheranism (in Hanau-Lichtenberg) was not as pronounced at this time as it was a generation later, when again the Count ofHanau-Lichtenberg acted as regent for Hanau-Münzenberg and the difference it caused violent clashes within the regency. Under the regency for Philipp Ludwig Ithis was limited to discussions which education he should receive. In the end, the guardians reached an agreement.EducationThe young Count Philipp Ludwig Iwas described by his teachers as highly intelligent and eager to learn. From 1563 onwards, his guardians looked into the possibility of him being educated abroad.


Passage 1:5L5L or 5-L can refer to:TransportationAeroSur (IATA code)5L, a model of Toyota L engineCurtiss F-5L, see Felixstowe F5LSSH 5L (WA), former nameof U.S. Route 12 in WashingtonAtlantic coast F-5L, see Felixstowe F.5Auster J/5L, a model of Auster Aiglet TrainerBritish Rail Class 202 Diesel-electric multipleunits (6L) when reduced to a five-carriage configurationBritish Rail Class 203 Diesel-electric multiple units (6B) when reduced to a five-carriage configuration bythe removal of their buffet carsScience and technologyORC5LTAF5L5L, a model of HP LaserJet 5AIX 5L, see IBM AIXOther usesThe Horns of Nimon (productioncode: 5L), a 1979–80 Doctor Who serialSee alsoL5 (disambiguation)Passage 2:VariatorA variator is a device that can change its parameters, or can changeparameters of other devices.Often a variator is a mechanical power transmission device that can change its gear ratio continuously (rather than insteps).ExamplesBeier variable-ratio gearContinuously variable transmissionEvans friction coneNuVinci continuously variable transmissionVariator (variable valvetiming)VariomaticVANOSSee alsoEpicyclic gearingPassage 3:9F9F or 9-F may refer to:LocomotivesBR Standard Class 9F, a class of 2-10-0 steam locomotivesBRStandard Class 9F 92020-9BR Standard Class 9F 92220 Evening StarList of preserved BR Standard Class 9F locomotivesGCR Class 9F, a class of 0-6-2T steamlocomotivesOther uses2020 Salvadoran political crisis, commonly referred to as 9F (9th February)New York Route 9F, now New York State Route 9GFluorine (9F),a chemical elementSee alsoF9 (disambiguation)February 99ff, a German car tuning companyGrumman F9F Panther, an American carrier-based fighteraircraftGrumman F9F Cougar, an American carrier-based fighter aircraftPassage 4:ESTEst, EST, est, -est, etc. may refer to:Arts and entertainmentest: TheSteersman Handbook, a science fiction book published in 1970Ed Sullivan Theater, New York, built in 1927Ensemble Studio Theatre, New York, founded in1968Esbjörn Svensson Trio, a Swedish jazz trioE.S.T., a song by British band White Lies from their 2009 album To Lose My Life...E.S.T. - Trip to the Moon, a songby Alien Sex Fiend from their 1984 album Acid BathLanguage-est, the superlative suffix in English-est, an archaic verb ending in EnglishEstonian language (ISO639 code: est)European Society for Translation StudiesExtended standard theory, a generative grammar frameworkPeopleDiana Est (born 1963), ItaliansingerEST Gee (born 1994), American rapperMichael Est (c. 1580–1648), English composerThomas Est (c. 1540–1609), English printerVan Est, a DutchsurnamePlacesAfricaEst Department, a former division of Ivory CoastEst Province, RwandaEst Region (Burkina Faso)Est Region (Cameroon)EuropeEst (Chamberof Deputies of Luxembourg constituency), an electoral constituency in LuxembourgEst, Netherlands, a town in GelderlandEstonia (ISO 3166 alpha-3 code:EST)Science and medicineEdinburgh Science Triangle, a multi-disciplinary partnership in ScotlandElectroconvulsive therapy, formerly electroshock therapy, aform of treatmentEndodermal sinus tumor, a cancerous germ cell tumorEstrone sulfotransferase, an enzyme catalyzing the transformation of an unconjugatedestrogen into a sulfated estrogenEuropean Solar Telescope, a proposed observatoryExpressed sequence tag, a short sub-sequence of a cDNAsequenceTechnologyElectron spiral toroid, a claimed small stable plasma toroidElectronic sell-through, a method of media distributionEnrollment over SecureTransport, a cryptographic protocolTime zonesAustralian Eastern Standard Time or AEST (UTC+10), see Time in AustraliaEastern Standard Time or EST (UTC−5)in the Americas, officially "Eastern Time Zone"Egypt Standard Time or EGY (UTC+2)European Summer Time (varies from UTC to UTC+3), in several time zones,see Summer time in EuropeOther usesEnergy Saving Trust, a British organization for fighting climate change, formed in 1992Erhard Seminars Training (est), aNew Age large-group awareness training program, 1971–1984Espérance Sportive de Tunis, a Tunisian multi-sports club, founded in 1919Est Cola, a Thai softdrink, launched in 2012Effort satisficing theory, a decision-making strategy; see Satisficing § Effort satisficing theoryEstablished; see AnniversarySee alsoEast(disambiguation)Passage 5:I Can ChangeI Can Change may refer to:"I Can Change" (Brandon Flowers song)"I Can Change" (LCD Soundsystem song)"I CanChange", a song from the South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut soundtrackPassage 6:L'Histoire d'une fée, c'est..."L'Histoire d'une fée, c'est..." (English: "The Storyof a Fairy Is...") is a 2001 song recorded by French singer-songwriter Mylène Farmer. It was one of the singles from the soundtrack album for the film Rugrats inParis: The Movie (known in France as Les Razmokets à Paris). With its lyrics written by Farmer and the song being composed and produced by her long-timesongwriting collaborator Laurent Boutonnat, "L'Histoire d'une fée, c'est..." was released on 27 February 2001. The song describes the fairy Mélusine with"childish" lyrics that contrast with double entendres and puns referring to sexual practices. Although the single had no music video nor airplay promotion, itreceived generally positive reviews from critics and reached top-ten charts in France and Belgium.Background and writingRugrats in Paris: The Movie was thesecond in a trilogy of films based on the children's animated television series Rugrats, which features the adventures of a group of toddlers. After filming, theproducers wanted to record a soundtrack for the movie with mainly French songs, as well as a few in English. Several singers were contacted, including TLCmember Tionne Watkins, the 1990s boys band 2Be3, Sinéad O'Connor, Cyndi Lauper and Mylène Farmer. Persistent but unconfirmed rumours claimed thatMadonna, as the founder of the Maverick company producing the soundtrack, had expressly asked Farmer to participate in the album. Farmer accepted, butpreferred to produce a new song instead of licensing the rights to one of her old compositions. The recording label Maverick signed a contract for an unreleasedsong, with lyrics written by Farmer and music composed by her songwriting partner Laurent Boutonnat. This was the first time that the singer had recorded asong especially for a movie. An English version was canceled in favour of a French version, and eventually the song only played for about 15 seconds in themovie. The first title chosen, "Attrapez-moi", was also quickly abandoned as it was too similar to the Pokémon's cry of "Attrapez-les tous".Music andlyrics"L'Histoire d'une fée, c'est..." is a synthpop song. It tells the story of a mischievous and malicious fairy, Mélusine, here embodied by Farmer. Lyrically, thesong uses words referring to magic, baffling several of Farmer's fans as the lyrics seem to be closer to the themes found in songs by young singers such as Alizée.The lyrics also contain several double entendres and puns which refer to sexual practices. The song's title itself is ambiguous and can be deemed sexuallysuggestive as it contains a pun in French alluding to spanking: in French, the title "L'Histoire d'une fée, c'est..." could be phonetically understand as meaning"L'Histoire d'une fessée..." (translation: "The Story of a Spanking").ReleaseIn Europe the soundtrack release was postponed until 7 February 2001 becauseFarmer had bought the song's royalties and finally decided to release it as a single, 14 days later. It was only released as a digipack CD single, in which the song'slyrics are written inside, and there was no promotional format. For the second time in the singer's career – after the song "XXL" – the single cover does not showher, but a drawing of a fairy from the film by Tom Madrid. The song began circulating online a month before the soundtrack's release and was well received bymany fans who felt that it could be a hit. The song did not receive much radio airplay, with only Europe 2 playing it regularly. "L'Histoire d'une fée, c'est..." wasalso released on the soundtrack of the film in a longer version than the CD single version, and was later included on Mylène Farmer's greatest hits album LesMots. It was also released as the third track on the European CD maxi "Les Mots", released in the Switzerland on 4 September 2002.Critical receptionThe songwas generally well received by critics, who particularly noted the puns. According to author Erwan Chuberre, the lyrics are "as funny as disillusioned" and Farmeruses puns that "highlight her immoderate pleasure for impolite pleasures", with a music he deemed "effective". Author Thierry Desaules said that the songappears to be a childish fairly tale, but is actually structured in a perverse enough way to address the adult public, as the allusions to the spanking can be seen asreferences to sadomasochism. Journalist Benoît Cachin wrote that her puns are "of the funniest" and that the singer included in the lyrics "some very personalthoughts", including sadness; he added that Farmer appears to be "fun, dynamic and delightfully mischievous" on this song.Chart performanceOn 3 March 2001,the single debuted at a peak of number nine on the French SNEP Singles Chart, providing Farmer her 22nd top ten hit. In the following weeks, the song fellsteadily and remained in the top 50 for nine weeks and a total of 15 weeks on the chart. This chart performance was surprising given that the song was aired littleon radio, the film met a mixed commercial success in France and there was no music video, no promotion on television, and only one format. According toInstant-Mag the beauty of the single's cover undoubtedly helped increase sales. In Belgium, the single started at number 23 on 15 March 2001, climbed tonumber 11, then peaked at number 10. Thereafter, it dropped and fell off the Ultratop 50 after 13 weeks. On the 2001 Belgian singles year-end chart, "L'Histoired'une fée, c'est..." ranked at number 89.Formats and track listingsThese are the formats and track listings of single releases of "L'Histoire d'une fée, c'est...":CDsingle – DigipackOfficial versionsCredits and personnelThese are the credits and the personnel as they appear on the back of the single:Mylène Farmer –lyricsLaurent Boutonnat – music, producerJohn Eng – artistic directorGena Kornyshev – stylistTom Madrid – drawingsRequiem Publishing – editionsPolydor –recording companyHenry Neu – designBertrand Chatenet – mixingChartsRelease historyPassage 7:I Can Change (LCD Soundsystem song)"I Can Change" is asong by American rock band LCD Soundsystem. The song was released as the third official single from the band's third studio album This Is Happening, on May29, 2010. It was written by band member Pat Mahoney and band frontman James Murphy and was produced by the DFA. The song was featured on thesoundtrack for the video game FIFA 11 and peaked at number 85 on the French Singles Chart.Track listing12" vinylDFA 22591CDDFA 2259XDigitaldownloadChartsPassage 8:R* (disambiguation)*R or R* denote hyperreal numbers.R* may also refer to:R* rule (ecology), or resource-ratio hypothesis, ahypothesis in community ecologyRockstar Games, an American video game publisherr* or r-star, natural rate of interestR*-tree, a tree data structure for spatial


Passage 1:Prince of LiesPrince of Lies or The Prince of Lies may refer to:Hellstorm: Prince of Lies, a short lived comic book seriesPrince of Lies, a single fromScottish music group CindytalkPrince of Lies (novel), book four in The Avatar Series by James LowderThe Prince of Lies, a common nickname for SatanThe Princeof Lies, a nickname for Cyric, a fictional deity in the Forgotten Realms campaign of Dungeons & DragonsThe Prince of Lies, a vampire in the Buffy the VampireSlayer universePassage 2:The Book of LiesThe Book of Lies may refer to:The Book of Lies (Crowley), a 1913 title by Aleister CrowleyThe Book of Lies (Picanonovel), a 1999 title by Felice PicanoThe Book of Lies: The Disinformation Guide to Magick and the Occult, a 2003 compilation edited by Richard MetzgerThe Bookof Lies (Moloney novel), a 2004 title by James MoloneyThe Book of Lies (Meltzer novel), a 2008 title by Brad MeltzerBook of Lies (album), a 2008 recording byAustralian band End of FashionThe Book of Lies (Horlock novel), a 2011 title by Mary HorlockPassage 3:Iraqi nationality lawIraqi nationality is transmitted byone's parents.HistoryThe first nationality law was passed in 1924, and that year, on 6 August, all people within the bounds of Iraqi jurisdiction automaticallyacquired Iraqi citizenship. According to Zainab Saleh,  "The 1924 Iraqi Nationality Law and its amendments bring to light the haunted origins of Arab nationalism"by defining Iraqis of Persian descent as second-class citizens.NaturalisationThe law governing naturalisation is Law No. 43 of 1963 and Law No. 5 of 1975.Naturalisation is only available to those over 18 years of age. There is a requirement of good repute, and a clean criminal record. Generally, the person seekingnaturalisation is required to be an ethnic Arab, or otherwise married to an Iraqi man for not less than 5 years with residence within the country. Naturalisedcitizens are required to take an oath of allegiance before a competent person authourised to receive the same within 90 days.It ought to be noted that naturalisedcitizens will be barred from holding the office of Member of Parliament or Minister, for at least 10 years after the date of naturalisation, in addition, naturalisedcitizens are unable to hold the office of Prime Minister of Iraq or President of Iraqi.Dual citizenshipIraq recognizes dual nationality.Travel freedomIn 2016, Iraqicitizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 30 countries and territories. Thus, the Iraqi passport ranks 102nd in the world, according to the Visa RestrictionsIndex.See alsoNationality lawIraqi passportIraq National CardPassage 4:Body of LiesBody of Lies can refer to:Body of Lies (novel), a 2007 spy thriller by DavidIgnatius, about a CIA operative.Body of Lies (film), a 2008 film by director Ridley Scott, based on the 2007 novel.Body of Lies (soundtrack), soundtrack to the2008 film.Body of Lies, a 2002 novel by Iris Johansen.Passage 5:Moira CameronMoira Cameron is a retired Yeoman Warder of the Tower of London, UnitedKingdom. She is the first woman to ever hold the position. In 2007, after a 22-year career in the British Army, Cameron became one of the 35 resident Warders inthe Tower of London, commonly known as the Beefeaters.Originally prison guards, the Yeoman Warder's position dates back to 1485. It is now a largelyceremonial role, with responsibility for conducting guided tours and generally looking after public visitors to the Tower, as well as conducting certain other dutiesboth inside and outside the Tower.CareerBritish ArmyCameron joined the Women's Royal Army Corps (WRAC) in June 1985 at the age of 20. She was trained as aData Telegraphist with the Royal Corps of Signals before transferring to the Royal Army Pay Corps (RAPC) in 1988 to train as a Military Accountant, and in 2000Cameron was awarded her Long Service and Good Conduct Medal. In 1992, WRAC and RAPC were replaced by the Adjutant General's Corps, and Cameronworked her way through the ranks in its Staff and Personnel Support Branch, completing 22 years service in the army in June 2007. Having seen service inEngland, Northern Ireland and Cyprus, Cameron ended her Army career at the rank of Warrant Officer Class 2, holding the post of Superintendent Clerk in 145(Home Counties) Brigade in Aldershot.Yeoman WarderCameron officially became the first ever female Yeoman Warder in July 2007 but didn't get to wear heruniform until 3 September 2007. Cameron is one of 37 Yeoman Warders based in the Tower of London, a position which dates back to 1485. Styled as YeomanWarder Cameron, her full and proper title is Yeoman Warder of His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress the Tower of London, and Members of the Sovereign'sBody Guard of the Yeoman Guard in the Extraordinary.Camerons' duties are mostly connected to the Tower, but can involve some outside ceremonies. Within theTower, Cameron's role is to take care of public visitors to the Tower and perform guided tours, guard the Crown Jewels, perform the Ceremony of the Keys andlook after the Ravens of the Tower. Outside the Tower, Warders duties are to attend the Coronation of the Sovereign, lying-in-state, the Lord Mayor's Show, andother state and charity functions. As a Yeoman Warder, Cameron has two tailored-to-fit uniforms, the Scarlet ceremonial dress, and the 'undress' blue uniform forday-to-day duties (each in three variants of varying thickness for different seasons).On 25 November 2009, two Yeoman Warders were dismissed after beingfound guilty of gross misconduct for bullying Cameron due to her gender. Three Warders had been suspended, and one was subsequently re-instated followingthe month-long investigation, with his role 'unproven'. One of the three also received a police caution for defacing Cameron's Wikipedia biography.Cameronretired in Autumn 2022 after having served 15 years as a Yeoman Warder.First female Yeoman WarderThe post of Yeoman Warder had never specifically beenbarred to women, although due to the rules governing women in the British Army, it was only in the modern era that women were able to have a career able tomeet the entry requirements. To apply for the job, applicants had to be aged between 40 and 55, have completed at least 22 years' service in either the Army,Royal Air Force or Royal Marines reaching the rank of Warrant Officer or Senior Non-Commissioned Officer (NCO), and have been awarded the Long Service andGood Conduct Medal. It was announced on 3 January 2007 that an unnamed female would be replacing a retiring Yeoman Warder in September 2007, with WO2Cameron, still in the Army at the time, publicly named as this replacement eight days later. Cameron had long been interested in the job of Yeoman Warder, andapplied to an advertisement placed in Soldier Magazine in Summer 2006. Cameron was not the first woman to apply for the job of Yeoman Warder, but she wasthe first to pass the interview process, beating five male candidates for the vacancy.Personal lifeBorn in 1964, Cameron grew up in Furnace, Argyll on the westcoast of Scotland, and joined the Army at the suggestion of her mother, who thought she 'needed to see the world'. As part of her job as a Yeoman Warder, shelives in the Tower of London in a subsidised apartment. In February 2011, Cameron was made a patron of The Kit Wilson Trust for Animal Welfare, an animalwelfare charity based in East Sussex.See alsoTourism in LondonWomen in the militaryPassage 6:Tower of London (disambiguation)The Tower of London is aformer Royal residence in London.Tower(s) of London may also refer to:GeographyTower of London Range, Northern Rockies, CanadaLondon Tower (Alaska), amountain in Denali National ParkArts, media, and entertainmentFilmsTower of London (1939 film) Peter Pan (1953 film) as an animated model of thebuildingTower of London (1962 film)Mary Poppins (1964 film) as Peter Ellenshaw's Cloudy London setCarry On Henry seen in the opening credits and the closingtitlesLiteratureThe Tower of London (novel), a 19th-century novel by William Harrison AinsworthThe Tower of London (Soseki novel), a short story by NatsumeSosekiMusicTowers of London (band)"Towers of London" (song)"Tower of London", a song by ABC from the album How to Be a ... Zillionaire!Television"Tower ofLondon" (The Goodies), an episode of The GoodiesOther usesTower of London test, a neuropsychological testPassage 7:The Tower of LiesThe Tower of Lies is a1925 American silent drama film directed by Victor Sjöström. It was written by Agnes Christine Johnston and Max Marcin, based upon Selma Lagerlöf's 1914novel The Emperor of Portugallia (MGM actually purchased the story rights in 1922). The film was supposed to be called The Emperor of Portugallia, but was laterchanged to The Tower of Lies.Released one year after He Who Gets Slapped, the film marks the second collaboration between Sjöström, Lon Chaney and NormaShearer. Also starring are William Haines, Ian Keith and Lew Cody.The film's sets were designed by the art director James Basevi and Cedric Gibbons. The filmwas shot on location in the Sacramento River Delta, Lake Arrowhead and the Laurel Canyon area of Los Angeles. It took 53 days to complete at a cost of$185,000. It grossed $653,000 worldwide."Film Mercury" voted Chaney's performance as one of the year's best. It is considered a lost film, although rumorspersist that a print may exist in Denmark. Stills exist showing Chaney in his "Jan" makeup, which took him three hours each day to apply.PlotJan (Lon Chaney) isa Swedish farmer and Glory (Norma Shearer) is his beloved daughter. When she was a child, she and her father used to role-play being the Emperor and Empressof Portugallia, a fairy tale land where dreams come true, and a neighboring farm boy named August would play the Prince. Glory grows up to be a beautiful youngwoman, and both August and Jan's vile landlord Lars (Iam Keith) vie for her attention.Jan incurs some debts he cannot pay, and to save him from bankruptcy, hisdaughter temporarily moves to the big city supposedly to get a job (finally allowing Lars to lead her into prostitution). After a time, the landlord tells Jan hisdaughter has succeeded in paying off his debts, but will not tell him how she earned the money. Realizing that his daughter has been selling herself to help himavoid bankruptcy, Jan's mind slowly begins to unravel. Years pass and his daughter never returns to the farm, and every day Jan waits down by the riverboathoping she will come home.Eventually she does return to him, but by this time, Jan's mind has snapped and he actually believes that he is the Emperor ofPortugallia and she is his Empress. Jan has taken to wearing a strange military uniform and a circus hat, and his hair and long beard have all turned gray (seephoto). Glory's fine attire leads the villagers to believe that she has been living as a prostitute and they demand she leave town. Only August is willing to stand byher and protect her honor.Glory boards the local steamboat at the docks in order to leave town, and her father follows her, falling off the pier in his haste anddrowning. When the ship's captain throws the boat into reverse in an attempt to save Jan, Lars (who is taunting Glory from the ship's deck) is thrown into thepaddlewheel and crushed to death. Glory winds up marrying August and settling down in town with him.CastCritical Comments"Notwithstanding that TOWER OF


Passage 1:Pal Pal Dil Ke PaasPal Pal Dil Ke Paas (transl. Every moment, close to the heart) is a 2019 Indian Hindi-language Romance film written and directed by Sunny Deol and produced by Sunny Sounds Pvt Ltd and Zee Studios. This was Deol's third movie as director after Dillagi and Ghayal Once Again. The film was released on 20 September 2019.Principal photography began on 21 May 2017. Dharmendra's Grandson Karan Deol  and Sahher Bambba were cast for the lead roles. Over 400 girls were auditioned for Sahher's role.With a box office revenue of 10 crore against a 30 crore budget, the film was commercially unsuccessful.PlotSaher Sethi, a vlogger from Delhi, goes to Manali to review a solo trekking trip organized by Camp Ujhi Dhaar, run by Karan Sehgal. She thinks that the costly solo trip is a scam, and she would expose the camp's owner. Although they started on a bitter note, things began to improve between them during their journey, leading to Karan falling for her. He doesn't confess his feelings but tells her that he is afraid of attachment. Saher admits that she wanted to become a singer but couldn't follow her passion as Viren, her boyfriend, made fun of her at an open mic. He takes Saher to his childhood spot, where he sees a snow leopard, and remembers his mother, who died in an avalanche when she tried to capture a snow leopard on her camera. The trip finally comes to an end, Karan drops Saher at the airport, and both bid farewell to each other.On reaching Delhi, Saher realizes that she has fallen in love with Karan and breaks up with Viren. She informs Karan that she is performing again at an open mic and indirectly asks him to come to Delhi. Karan unexpectedly shows up at the Open Mic, and they both confess their love for each other and share a kiss. The next day, at Saher's house party, Karan is introduced to Saher's family members and meets Viren, who invites Karan to his party the next day. Seeing Saher and Karan close and happy with each other, Viren feels devastated and becomes angry and pledges that he will do anything to be with Saher, whether right or wrong. The next Day, Saher's father talks to Karan in anger, and when Saher asks him, he replies that Viren told him everything. Saher speaks to Viren over the phone about lying to his parents, but he blackmails her about leaking her photos, which he took secretly on the Goa trip. Karan goes to Viren, and when Viren abuses Saher and Karan's mother, he thrashes him. Feeling insulted, Saher posts a video online of being eve-teased by Viren, who gets to know about this, goes to Saher's house and gets involved in a fight with her. The fight leads to Saher falling off the first floor. With Saher now in an unconscious condition, Viren's parents use political power to turn the case against Saher and beat up Karan.Seeing Saher's condition deteriorate and her family suffering all the disrespect, Karan goes to Viren's house, beats him up, drags him to the hospital, and tells him to apologize to Saher. When he refuses, Karan chokes him, almost killing him, but Viren's mother asks him to leave him, and she apologizes to everyone.Saher soon recovers from the accident, and in the end credits, Karan and Saher are shown as a happily married couple.FilmingThe film was mostly shot at various locations in the Pir Panjal Mountain Range covering Spiti Valley, Kunzum La, Rohtang La, Tabo, Chandra Taal, Kaza, Lahaul Valley and Manali region in Himachal Pradesh; while a substantial part was shot at locations in New Delhi, including a racing car sequence at Buddh International Circuit in NCR.CastKaran Deol as Karan Sehgal, Saher's husbandSahher Bambba as Saher Sehgal (Nee' Sethi), Karan's wife & Viren's ex-girlfriendSimone Singh as Vandana Sethi (Saher's mother)Sachin Khedekar as Ajay Sethi (Saher's father)Kallirroi Tziafeta as Karan's motherAakash Ahuja as Viren Narang, Saher's ex-boyfriend and the main antagonistKamini Khanna as Saher's grandmotherMeghna Malik as Central minister Ratna Narang, Viren's motherArsh Wahi as Rohan VermaRishi Singh as Saher's uncleBhavna Aneja as Anuradha, Saher's auntRavi Dudeja as Natasha's FatherMadhu Khandari as Natasha's MotherRitika Thakur as Aditi Thakur (Karan's best friend)Akash Dhar as MP Sushant Narang, Viren's brotherNupur Nagpal as Natasha Sabharwal, Saher's childhood friendKapil Negi as Vikram Thakur (Karan's mentor and Aditi's father)Suhani Sethi as Saachi Sethi (Saher's sister)Vijayant Kohli as Kapil Kumar GuptaRahul Singh as SachinMannu Sandhu as Sushant's wifePooja Katyal as Pooja, Viren's friendDiksha Bahl as VaishaliReuben Israel as Viren's fatherSoundtrackThe music of the film is composed by Sachet–Parampara and Tanishk Bagchi (noted) while lyrics are by Siddharth-Garima.ReceptionThe film mostly received mixed to negative reviews.Monika Rawal Kukreja writing for Hindustan Times noted that the film had done justice to its genre and praised Karan Deol and Sahher Bambba for their onscreen freshness. Also praising cinematography and music, she criticised the writing for lacking punch dialogues and effective humour. Concluding she opined, "Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas is definitely one of your run-of-the-mill love stories, but it makes you smile, cry, laugh and brings a sense of freshness."Gaurang Chauhan of Times Now rated it 2.5 stars out of 5, stated that "Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas is a visually stunning film with some good tunes but the movie somehow misses the mark due to its overlong length and a mediocre screenplay. Sahher Bambba impresses".Parina Taneja of India TV gave 2 stars out of 5 and opined, that it was a love story that failed to leave the audience with lingering moments. Agreeing with Chauhan, Tanejapraised the performance of Bambba, direction and cinematography. Criticising screenplay and pace of the film she noted that music though melodious didn't add value to the film. Concluding, she wrote, "Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas is a one time watch only if you really want to enjoy the breathtaking visuals of Himachal Pradesh.Further NDTV rated the movie 1 out of 5 and wrote "Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas lacks the freshness that one would expect from a film with a new romantic pair. The reason is obvious: the plot is as old, but not as sturdy, as the hills."Box officeThe film performed poorly at the box office, collecting 10.03 crore against a 30 crore budget. Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas collected 1.15 crore on the opening day with a total opening weekend collection of  4.15 crore.Passage 2:Coney Island Baby (film)Coney Island Baby is a 2003 comedy-drama in which film producer Amy Hobby made her directorial debut. Karl Geary wrote the film and Tanya Ryno was the film's producer. The music was composed by Ryan Shore. The film was shot in Sligo, Ireland, which is known locally as "Coney Island".The film was screened at the Newport International Film Festival. Hobby won the Jury Award for "Best First Time Director".The film made its premiere television broadcast on the Sundance Channel.PlotAfter spending time in New York City, Billy Hayes returns to his hometown. He wants to get back together with his ex-girlfriend and take her back to America in hopes of opening up a gas station. But everything isn't going Billy's way - the townspeople aren't happy to see him, and his ex-girlfriend is engaged and pregnant. Then, Billy runs into his old friends who are planning a scam.CastKarl Geary - Billy HayesLaura Fraser - BridgetHugh O'Conor - SatchmoAndy Nyman - FrankoPatrick Fitzgerald - The DukeTom Hickey - Mr. HayesConor McDermottroe - GerryDavid McEvoy - JoeThor McVeigh - MagicianSinead Dolan - JuliaMusicThe film's original score was composed by Ryan Shore.External linksConey Island Baby (2006) at IMDbMSN - Movies: Coney Island BabyPassage 3:Rakka (film)Rakka is a 2017 American-Canadian military science fiction short film made by Oats Studios and  directed by Neill Blomkamp. It was released on YouTube and Steam on 14 June 2017.PlotChapter 1: WorldIn the near future, Earth will be attacked by technologically superior and highly aggressive reptilian aliens called the Klum (pronounced "klume"). Humanity is nearing extinction with millions dead or enslaved. The Klum transform the Earth in favor of their own ideal living conditions. They do this at first by burning forests and destroying cities. Then they build megastructures that alter the atmosphere by pumping out methane. The gas makes it progressively harder for terrestrial life to breathe. And it warms the climate, which leads to flooding of coastal cities.The story begins in 2020, from the viewpoint of resistance fighters in Texas, a group of US Army soldiers and many others who have banded together. Most human survivors live underground or among ruins. They have barely enough provisions, weapons, and ammunition. The humans fight by using whatever they can against the primary Klum weapon: an omnipresent nanite in their weaponry, and telepathic control over any human that makes direct eye contact with them.The resistance makes "brain-barriers" that block thismind control. The Klum know, however, that a scarcity of materials means a scarcity of brain barriers. They hope, therefore, to win a war of attrition against the human survivors.Some prisoners are living incubators for the Klum's young, which inevitably kills the victims. Others are dissected. Still other humans are converted into human loudspeakers that urge humans to surrender into "conservatories". Very few humans ever escape.After the Klum destroy a militia convoy with an airstrike, one of the surviving soldiers witnesses an angel-like being materialize from thin air. The narration describes ″them″ as mankind's saviours.Chapter 2: Amir & NoshNosh is a tech-savvy pyromaniac and bomb-maker, eking out a living in a scrapyard far from the resistance. The resistance despises Nosh for his murderous glee and demands - giving the sick or suicidal over as bait during his many IED ambushes. They must, however, give in to Nosh's demands tosecure the IEDs and the brain-barriers he makes.The resistance stumble across Amir, a mute who has escaped from the Klum. He has extensive cybernetics across his head and shoulders. Amid opposition from her lieutenants, the resistance leader, Jasper, releases Amir from her custody into the care of a resistance fighter named Sarah.Sarah, having lost her daughter to the Klum's experiments, takes a liking to him. She gives Amir food and drink while trying to persuade him to help the resistance fight the Klum by using the precognitive abilities he acquired via the aliens' experiments.Chapter 3: SiegeAmir recovers physically and mentally. Then, because of his implant, he has a premonition involving a wounded Klum on the run from militia forces.Sarah pleads with Amir to help the militia officers to stop the genocide. The more she talks to him, the more his eyes change, seeing the premonition of the impending attack more clearly. Amir, still mute, foresees the militia successfully shooting down an alien aircraft, and the pilot is the alien on the run.Sarah asks Amir if they will be able to learn how to hunt the Klum and teach them how to fear. Unable to answer, he foresees the Klum telekinetically bashing one of the militia soldiers, disconnecting his brain barrier and causing him to be mind-controlled, turning on his comrades, who are forced to kill him.Sarah tells Amir that he now has the abilities the aliens have and that he is to use them for humanity. Back in the vision, the militia surround the Klum; Jasper orders the