Passage 1:Maria ThinsMaria Thins (c. 1593 – 27 December 1680) was the mother-in-law of Johannes Vermeer and a member of the Gouda Thins family. She was raised in a devout Dutch Catholic family with two sisters and a brother. Outliving her parents and siblings, she received inheritances over the years, making her a wealthy woman. She married a prosperous brickmaker, Reynier Bolnes, in 1622. They had three children together, Catharina, Willem, and Cornelia. By 1635, Bolnes verbally and physically abused his wife and daughters. Thins moved to Delft with her daughters. Her son Willem stayed with his father. Thins was a wealthy woman due to the separation settlement of her husband in 1649 and the estates she inherited from her family. Her daughter Catharina married Johannes Vermeer, an artist, art dealer, and operator of the family's inn in Delft. Vermeer and Catharina lived at Thins house by 1660. The couple had fifteen children, four of whom died in infancy. Raising nearly a dozen children strained Vermeer financially. He relied on the support from his mother-in-law. During the Franco-Dutch War (1672–1674), Vermeer became impoverished. Thins reduced the money she provided to Catharina and her husband due to the loss of income during that period. Vermeer died in 1675, and Thins died five years later. Catharina was the only one of Thins' children to survive her. Thins drew up her will to maximize what she could provide for her grandchildren and their education, while limiting how much might be taken by Catharina's creditors. Catharina died in 1687.Early lifeMaria was born c. 1593 in Gouda to a prominent Dutch Catholic family, Catharina van Hensbeeck (d. 1633) and William Thin (d. 1601). They lived in the house named De Trapjes (The Little Steps) in Gouda. Maria had three siblings, none of whom were married. Her sister Elisabeth became a nun. She also had a sister Cornelia and a brother Jan. Since none of her siblings married, Thins ultimately inherited a large estate. The family conducted mass in their home, while at the time it was illegal for a group of Roman Catholics to assemble in Gouda. The local sheriffs broke up a religious meeting at their house in 1619.Garrit Camerling (d. 1627) of Delft became her stepfather in 1605 when he married Catharina van Hensbeeck. She was related to Abraham Bloemaert (1566–1651) through her cousin Jan Geensz Thins. Before her marriage, Thins lived in Delft with a prosperous young woman who was her friend.Marriage and childrenIn 1622, Maria Thins married Reynier Bolnes (ca. 1593–1676), a prominent and prosperous brickmaker. Thins was an heiress when she married, and she collected art, including several in the style of Utrecht Caravaggists.ChildrenThins had three children, the youngest of whom was Catharina Bolnes (c. 1631–1688), nicknamed Trijntge. She also had a son Willem, and a daughter Cornelia. Around 1635, Reynier became verbally and physically abusive with her and her children. At the age of nine, Catharina ran to neighbors because she thought that Reynier's abuse of Cornelia could kill her. Reynier confessed that he physically abused Cornelia and would do it again if Thins beat their son Willem. Reynier and Willem began eating separately from the female members of the family, and the father encouraged his son to be abusive and noncompliant with Thins.Divided familyThins moved to Delft in 1642 to get away from her abusive husband. Jan Geensz Thins, who was her guardian and cousin, purchased a home for her there the prior year. Jan became Thin's guardian following the early death of her father. Thins attained custody of her daughters in 1641 and moved with them to Delft. William stayed with his father, whose business began to fail. Thins lived on Oude Langendijk next to the Jesuit Catholic Church in the Catholic section of Delft called paepenhoek (the Papists' Corner).Thins received half of her husband's assets, a substantial amount, in 1649. By 1653, Reynier Bolnes was bankrupt. Thins derived income from annuities, interest income, and property rentals, including farmland. She also lived off of the capital of her investments. Thins and her sister Cornelia Thins (d. 1661) received a sizeable inheritance from their brother Jan Willemsz Thins following his death in 1651. Thins attained a comfortable standard of living of 15,000 or more guilders a year in the 1660s.Cornelia died in 1649. In 1664, Thin's son Willem, a jobless bachelor, was locked up in an institution after an argument with his mother, and for attacking Catharina, his pregnant sister, with a stick. In 1665, Maria Thins was entrusted with her son's property. She wrote a will, which limited Willem's share to the legal minimum of one sixth of her estate. She mentioned that he had been calling her names since his youth. Willem died in 1676.The VermeersThin's daughter, Catharina, came to know Johannes Vermeer and wished to marry him. Her mother disapproved of the marriage because he was not Catholic, and also likely because he was of a lower artisan class. By 1652, Vermeer helped his mother run the family's inn and was an art dealer, taking over his deceased father's business. Before they married, Thins stated that although she did not approve, she would not prevent Catharina and Vermeer from marrying. Vermeer likely converted from Reformed Protestant to Catholicism by the time of their union. Catharina and Vermeer married in Schipluy (present-day Schipluiden) on 20 April 1653. By December 1660, the Vermeers lived in the large house of his wealthy mother-in-law Maria Thins, described as a "strong-willed" woman. It was unusual at the time for married men and women to settle into the houses of their parents. Vermeer relied on Thin's residence and financial support to take care of his family.Vermeer painted in the artist's studio and sold art from the house. His works portray subjects with clothing and furnishings more luxurious than his own. Biographer Anthony Bailey claims that since Vermeer used models from his household, it is likely that he made a painting of his wife. He asserts that Catharina is depicted in A Lady Writing a Letter due to her "fond expression" and "concentrated gaze of the unseen painter."Thins played an essential role in their life. She was a devotee of the Jesuit order in the nearby Catholic Church, and this seems to have influenced Johannes and Catharina.They had eleven children at the time of Vermeer's death, four of their children died young between 1660 and 1673. Most of their children were born at Thin's house. Their third son was called Ignatius, after the founder of the Jesuit Order. Catharina inherited the Ben Repas estate following her Aunt Cornelia's death in February 1661.Thins hired Vermeer to manage financial issues for her in 1667 and 1675. He collected monies owed her, and he handled her investments. The Rampjaar (disaster year) following the outbreak of the Franco-Dutch War (1672–1674) was particularly hard on Vermeer's ability to make money as an artist and an art dealer. He had to take a loss on sales of works of art and was unable to sell his own works. His mother-in-law was financially strained during this period due to the loss of rental income from farmland due to the war. In one instance, she rented out land near Schoonhoven that was flooded to prevent the French army from crossing the Dutch Water Line. The farmland was not arable for a time. Thins reduced the money that she spent to support the Vermeers. In 1675, Vermeer went on several business trips for his mother-in-law, first to Gouda, when her husband had died, and then to Amsterdam. There Vermeer borrowed money by fraudulently using her name.Vermeer died and was buried on 15 December 1675. Unable to pay their debts, Catharina blamed the financial fallout of the war for their losses and petitioned for bankruptcy in April 1676. Ten of their eleven children were still underage when Vermeer died. Catharina continued to live at her mother's house with their children. After Vermeer's death, Maria Thins received The Art of Painting for her financial support of Catharina's family. Catharina paid off other debts with paintings or used them as surety until she paid off debts.Later years and deathThins died and was buried on 27 December 1680. The burial record states that she was the widow of Reijnier Bolnes. Thins crafted her will to maximize her grandchildren's support and education, preventing her estate from going to Catharina's creditors. The grandchildren were assigned a guardian, Hendrick van Eem, to look out for their interests. Catharina, considered responsible, was encouraged by her mother to ensure that her children were educated so that they could support themselves. Her daughter Catharina moved to Breda. Catharina Bolnes received "Holy Oil" on 23 December 1687, before being buried on 2 January 1688.See alsoWriting to Vermeer an opera depicting Maria Thins and Catharina BolnesPassage 2:Baroness Gösta von dem Bussche-HaddenhausenBaroness Gösta von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen (German: Freiin Gösta Julie Adelheid Marion Marie von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen; 26 January 1902 – 13 June 1996)  was the mother of Prince Claus of the Netherlands, who was the Prince Consort of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands, thus making her the mother-in-law of the former Dutch Queen. She is also the paternal grandmother of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, who is the current Dutch King.Early lifeGösta was born at Döbeln, Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire (now Saxony, Germany), the second child and daughter of Baron George von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen (1869–1923), and his wife, Baroness Gabriele von dem Bussche-Ippenburg (1877–1973). Her father belonged to the Bussche-Haddenhausen branch of the Bussche family, her mother belonged to the Bussche-Ippenburg branch. Both descended from Clamor von dem Bussche (1532–1573).Her mother was the heir of Dötzingen estate near Hitzacker, which her maternal grandfather had inherited from the counts von Oeynhausen after 1918. Gösta's father was an officer in the Royal Saxon Army. Dötzingen estate later passed on to her brother Baron Julius von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen (1906–1977). After her return from Africa, and her husband's death in 1963, she spent the rest of her life in Dötzingen.MarriageGösta married on 4 September 1924 at Hitzacker to Claus Felix von Amsberg (1890–1963), son of Wilhelm von Amsberg and Elise von Vieregge.Together they had six daughters and one son:Sigrid von Amsberg (Hitzacker-Dötzingen, 26 June 1925 – 1 April 2018), married in 1952 to Ascan-Bernd Jencquel (17 August 1913 – 4 November 2003), had issue.Claus von Amsberg (Hitzacker-Dötzingen, 6 September 1926 – Amsterdam, 6 October 2002), married in 1966 to Beatrix of the Netherlands (b. 31 January 1938), had issue.Rixa von Amsberg (Hitzacker-Dötzingen, 18 November 1927 – 6 January 2010), married to Peter Ahrend (17 April 1920 – 2011), no issue.Margit von Amsberg (Bumbuli, 16 October 1930 – 1988), married in 1964 to Ernst Grubitz (14 April 1931 – 5 June 2009), had issue.Barbara von Amsberg (Bumbuli, 16 October 1930), married in 1963 to Günther Haarhaus (22 October 1921 – 9 February 2007), had issue.Theda von Amsberg (Tanga, 30 June 1939), married in 1966 to Baron Karl von Friesen (b. 1933), had issue.Christina von Amsberg (Salisbury, 20 January 1945), married in 1971 to Baron Hans Hubertus von der Recke (b. 1942), had issue.Life in AfricaHer husband had returned


Passage 1:Tarcisio FuscoTarcisio Fusco was an Italian composer of film scores. He was the brother of the composer Giovanni Fusco and the uncle of operaticsoprano Cecilia Fusco.Selected filmographyBoccaccio (1940)Free Escape (1951)Abracadabra (1952)The Eternal Chain (1952)Beauties in Capri (1952)Milanese inNaples (1954)Conspiracy of the Borgias (1959)Passage 2:Petrus de DomartoPetrus de Domarto (fl. c. 1445–1455) was a Franco-Flemish composer of theRenaissance.  He was a contemporary and probable acquaintance of Ockeghem, and was the composer of at least one of the first unified mass cycles to bewritten in continental Europe.LifeDomarto's life is poorly documented.  He was listed as a singer at the Church of Our Lady in Antwerp in 1449, five years afterOckeghem was known to be there, and there is evidence he was in Tournai in 1451.  He had a high reputation (which makes the lack of documentation on his lifecurious), but even so was passed over for a post as master of the choirboys (in favor of Paulus Iuvenis).  No other documentation on his life has yet come tolight.Music and reputationDomarto's two mass settings, the Missa Spiritus almus and a Missa sine nomine, were famous at the time.  The latter of the two mayhave been one of the earliest cyclic masses composed on the continent, most likely in the 1440s, and imitates some features of contemporary English composerssuch as Leonel Power.  The Missa Spiritus almus, likely dating from the 1450s, is a cantus-firmus mass, with the melody always in the tenor, but with a changingrhythmic profile as it changes mensuration throughout the piece.  The procedure was evidently influential on the next generation of composers, for it was stillbeing copied in the 1480s, and Busnois may have based one of his own masses on the same method (the Missa O crux lignum). The theorist and writer JohannesTinctoris criticised it for exactly the features that inspired other composers.The two surviving secular compositions by Domarto are both rondeaux, formes fixes ofthe type popular with the Burgundian School.WorksMassesMissa Spiritus almus (four voices)Missa sine nomine (three voices)SecularRondeaux, each for threevoices:Chelui qui est tant plain de duelJe vis tous jours en esperanceNotesPassage 3:Bullet (Misfits song)"Bullet" is the second single released by the horror punkband the Misfits. The four tracks comprising the EP were recorded, along with thirteen others, in early 1978 for the proposed Static Age album. When the bandcould not find a record label to release the album, they instead released four of the songs as "Bullet" on singer Glenn Danzig's label Plan 9 Records. The songswere re-released in different versions over subsequent years, until Static Age was finally released in its entirety in 1996.BackgroundIn August 1977 the Misfitsreleased their debut single "Cough/Cool" on Blank Records, a label operated by singer Glenn Danzig. Several months later Mercury Records issued a Pere Uburecord on their own Blank Records imprint, unaware that Danzig held a trademark on the name. They offered him thirty hours of studio time in exchange for therights to the Blank Records name, which he accepted. In January and February 1978 the Misfits, then consisting of Danzig, guitarist Franché Coma, bassist JerryOnly, and drummer Mr. Jim, recorded seventeen songs at C.I. Recordings in New York City with engineer and producer Dave Achelis. Because of the timeconstraints they recorded the songs live in the studio with only a few takes each and very few overdubs. They mixed fourteen of them with Achelis for theirproposed first album, to be titled Static Age. However, the band were unable to find a record label interested in releasing the album, and instead released four ofthe tracks as the "Bullet" EP in June 1978 on Danzig's new label Plan 9 Records.The song "Bullet" references the 1963 assassination of John F. Kennedy, withsexually explicit lyrics directed at his wife Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis: "Texas is an outrage when your husband is dead/Texas is an outrage when they pick uphis head/Texas is the reason that the President's dead/You gotta suck, suck, Jackie, suck".Pressing informationThe first pressing of "Bullet" consisted of 1,000copies on black 7" vinyl with a gatefold cover and lyrics sheet. These copies had "distributed by Ork" printed on the back sleeve, as a distribution deal with OrkRecords had been planned, but distribution through Ork never took place. A second pressing of 2,000 on red vinyl had a different back cover, removing the bandphoto and mention of Ork and replacing it with artwork of a bullet hole and the words "better dead on red". 7,000 additional copies were later pressed on blackvinyl with the same cover as the second pressing.Re-releases and other versionsAll four songs from "Bullet" were reissued on the Beware EP in January 1980, anda live version of "We Are 138" appeared on the Evilive EP in 1982. The compilation album Misfits (1986), released three years after the band's breakup, included"Bullet" and "Hollywood Babylon", while Collection II (1995) included "We Are 138" and "Attitude".The Misfits box set in 1996 presented the complete Static Agealbum for the first time, including all four tracks from the "Bullet" single. Static Age was also released as a separate album that July.Cover versions"Bullet" wascovered by Refused for the Children In Heat compilation, and the Hellacopters  covered it on the tribute album Hell on Earth: A Tribute to the Misfits (2000).Entombed also covered "Hollywood Babylon" on the same album. "Attitude" was covered by Sum 41, the Slackers, and Guns N' Roses. In 2014, Energy coveredthe song as part of their 7-song Misfits tribute EP.Track listingPersonnelBandGlenn Danzig – vocalsFranché Coma – guitar, backing vocalsJerry Only – bass guitar,backing vocalsMr. Jim – drumsProductionDave Achelis – engineeringRich Flores – masteringSee alsoMisfits discographyAssassination of John F. Kennedy inpopular culturePassage 4:Peter Dodds McCormickPeter Dodds McCormick (28 January 1833 – 30 October 1916) was an Australian schoolteacher and songwriter,known for composing the Australian national anthem, "Advance Australia Fair". He published under the pseudonym Amicus, Latin for "friend".Early lifePeter DoddsMcCormick was born to Peter McCormick and Janet (née Dodds) at Port Glasgow, Scotland in 1833.BiographyPeter completed an apprenticeship as a joiner inScotland before emigrating to Sydney (at that time the principal city of the British colony of New South Wales) on 21 February 1855. He initially worked as ajoiner for "some years".McCormick spent most of his work life employed by the NSW Education Department. In 1863 he was appointed teacher-in charge at StMary's National School. McCormick married Emily Boucher, a sewing teacher, on 16 July 1863, who died on 11 March 1866, aged 22. He remarried, to EmmaElizabeth Dening, on 22 December 1866. He also taught at the Presbyterian Denominational school in the Sydney suburb of Woolloomooloo in 1867. McCormickthen moved to Dowling Plunkett Street Public School in 1878 where he remained until 1885.McCormick was heavily involved in the Scottish Presbyterian Churchand was active in a number of community and benevolent organisations. He began his involvement with Sydney's St Stephen's Church as a stonemason, workingon the now demolished Phillip Street Church (where Martin Place now stands). The Rev Hugh Darling was so impressed with his singing on the job he asked himto join the choir. McCormick's musical ability led him to becoming the precentor of the Presbyterian Church of NSW, which gave him the opportunity to conductvery large massed choirs. He was also convenor of the Presbyterian Church Assembly's Committee on Psalmody.Also a talented composer, he published around30 patriotic and Scottish songs, some of which became very popular. Included in his collected works was "Advance Australia Fair", which was first performed inpublic by Andrew Fairfax at the St Andrew's Day concert of the Highland Society on 30 November 1878."Advance Australia Fair" became quite a popular patrioticsong. The Sydney Morning Herald described the music as bold and stirring, and the words "decidedly patriotic" – it was "likely to become a popularfavourite".  Later under the pseudonym Amicus (which means 'friend' in Latin), he had the music and four verses published by W. H. Paling & Co. Ltd. The songquickly gained popularity and an amended version was sung by a choir of 10,000 at the inauguration of the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901. In1907, the New South Wales Government awarded McCormick £100 for his patriotic composition which he registered for copyright in 1915.In a letter to R. B. FullerEsq., dated 1 August 1913, McCormick described the circumstances that inspired him to pen the lyrics of his famous song:One night I attended a great concert inthe Exhibition Building, when all the National Anthems of the world were to be sung by a large choir with band accompaniment. This was very nicely done, but Ifelt very aggravated that there was not one note for Australia. On the way home in a bus, I concocted the first verse of my song & when I got home I set it tomusic. I first wrote it in the Tonic Sol-fa notation, then transcribed it into the Old Notation, & I tried it over on an instrument next morning, & found it correct.Strange to say there has not been a note of it altered since. Some alteration has been made in the wording, but the sense is the same. It seemed to me to be likean inspiration, & I wrote the words & music with the greatest ease.DeathMcCormick died in 1916, aged 83, at his home, Clydebank, in the Sydney suburb ofWaverley and he was buried at Rookwood Cemetery. He had no children; he was survived by his second wife Emma. His obituary in the Sydney Morning Heraldstated: "Mr. McCormick established a reputation with the patriotic song, Advance Australia Fair, which ... has come to be recognised as something in the nature ofan Australian National Anthem".The song was performed by massed bands at the Federal capital celebrations in Canberra in 1927.  In 1984 it was formallydeclared as the Australian national anthem.Passage 5:Walter Robinson (composer)Walter Robinson is an American composer of the late 20th century. He is mostnotable for his 1977 song Harriet Tubman, which has been recorded by folk musicians such as Holly Near, John McCutcheon, and others.  He is also the composerof several operas.Passage 6:Michelangelo FaggioliMichelangelo Faggioli (1666–1733) was an Italian lawyer and celebrated amateur composer of humorouscantatas in Neapolitan dialect. A founder of a new genre of Neapolitan comedy, he was the composer of the opera buffa La Cilla in 1706.Passage 7:AlexandruCristeaAlexandru Cristea (1890–1942) was the composer of the music for "Limba Noastră", current national anthem of Moldova.BiographyA choir director, acomposer and music teacher. Taught at the  "Vasile Kormilov" music school (1928) with Gavriil Afanasiu and the  "Unirea" Conservatory (1927–1929) in Chişinăuwith Alexandru Antonovschi (canto), he was the master of vocal music from Chişinău (1920–1940), professor of music and conductor of the choir in the boysgymnasium "Ion Heliade Rădulescu" in Bucureti (1940–1941). Later, between 1941 and 1942, he directed the choir at the "Queen Mother Elena" high school


Passage 1:Lars EliassonLars Eliasson  (December 8, 1914 – June 5, 2002) was a Swedish politician. He was a member of the Centre Party. He was the party's firstvice chairman 1957-69 and a member of the Parliament of Sweden 1952–1970. For a short time in 1957, he was a minister in the Government of Sweden, in theSecond cabinet of Erlander.He is the father of the later Member of Parliament Anna Eliasson.Passage 2:Miley CyrusMiley Ray Cyrus ( MY-lee SY-rs; born DestinyHope Cyrus, November 23, 1992) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Dubbed the "Pop Chameleon", she has been recognized for her musicalversatility and continual reinvention in her sound and style. Cyrus has been referred to as the "Teen Queen" of 2000s pop culture and regarded as one of the fewexamples of a child star with a successful career as an adult. Her accolades include nineteen Teen Choice Awards, four World Music Awards, three MTV VideoMusic Awards, two Billboard Music Awards, one People's Choice Award, a GLAAD Media Award, and 8 Guinness World Records. She has made the Time 100 list in2008 and 2014, Forbes 30 Under 30 in 2014 and 2021, appeared on Billboard's Greatest of All Time Artists chart in 2019, and was ranked as the ninth greatestBillboard 200 female artist of all time.Out of six siblings, Cyrus is the second daughter of country singer Billy Ray Cyrus. She emerged as a teen idol whileportraying the titular character of the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana (2006–2011). As Hannah Montana, she attained two number-one andthree top-five soundtracks on the Billboard 200, and the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 top-ten single "He Could Be the One". Cyrus's initial solo career consisted of theteen-friendly pop rock U.S. number-one albums Meet Miley Cyrus (2007) and Breakout (2008); these releases contained the US top-ten singles "See You Again"and "7 Things". She then released the extended play The Time of Our Lives (2009), which peaked at number two in the U.S; its lead single, "Party in the U.S.A",became one of the best-selling singles in the United States and was certified diamond by the RIAA. She also released the country pop ballad "The Climb", whichpeaked at number four. Trying to reinvent her image, Cyrus explored dance-pop in her third album, Can't Be Tamed (2010). The record was critically panned;however, its title track reached the top ten in the U.S.Following a hiatus, she underwent a more mature and provocative musical shift with the release of the R&Band hip hop-infused Bangerz (2013). Supported by the top-five single "We Can't Stop" and the chart-topping "Wrecking Ball", it became her fifth number-onealbum and earned Cyrus her first Grammy Award nomination. She experimented with psychedelic music on her follow-up, the free album Miley Cyrus & Her DeadPetz (2015), before exploring country pop on Younger Now (2017), which contained the U.S. top-ten single "Malibu", and trap on the EP She Is Coming (2019).Plastic Hearts (2020) saw Cyrus venture into rock and glam rock; the record topped the Billboard Top Rock Albums chart. Cyrus's eighth studio album, EndlessSummer Vacation (2023), was preceded by the lead single "Flowers", which set several streaming records and became her second U.S. number-one single.Cyrushas also starred in the films Bolt (2008), Hannah Montana: The Movie (2009), The Last Song (2010), LOL (2012), and So Undercover (2013), and appeared inGuardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017). On television, she served as a coach on the singing competition series The Voice (2016–2017), starred in the "Rachel, Jackand Ashley Too" episode from the Netflix series Black Mirror (2019), and hosts the yearly NBC holiday special Miley's New Year's Eve Party (2021–present). Shefounded the non-profit organization Happy Hippie Foundation in 2014, which was supported by the web video series Backyard Sessions (2012–2023). She starredin and executive produced the Disney+ documentary concert special, Miley Cyrus – Endless Summer Vacation (Backyard Sessions) (2023).Life andcareer1992–2005: Early life and career beginningsDestiny Hope Cyrus was born November 23, 1992, in Franklin, Tennessee, to Leticia "Tish" Jean Cyrus (néeFinley) and country singer Billy Ray Cyrus. She was born with supraventricular tachycardia, a condition causing an abnormal resting heart rate. Her birth name,Destiny Hope, expressed her parents' belief that she would accomplish great things. Her parents nicknamed her "Smiley", which they later shortened to "Miley",because she often smiled as an infant. In 2008, she legally changed her name to Miley Ray Cyrus; her middle name honors her grandfather, Democratic politicianRonald Ray Cyrus, who was from Kentucky. Cyrus's godmother is singer-songwriter Dolly Parton.Against the advice of her father's record company, Cyrus'sparents secretly married on December 28, 1993, a year after her birth. They had two more children, son Braison and daughter Noah. From a previousrelationship, her mother has two other children, Brandi and Trace. Her father's first child, Christopher Cody, was born in April 1992 and grew up separately withhis mother, waitress Kristin Luckey, in South Carolina.All of Cyrus's maternal siblings are established entertainers. Trace is a vocalist and guitarist for theelectronic pop band Metro Station. Noah is an actress and along with Braison, models, sings, and is a songwriter. Brandi was formerly a musician for the indierock band Frank + Derol and is a professional DJ. The Cyrus farmhouse is located on 500 acres of land outside Nashville.Cyrus attended Heritage ElementarySchool in Williamson County while she and her family lived in Thompson's Station, Tennessee. When she was cast in Hannah Montana, the family moved to LosAngeles and she attended Options for Youth Charter Schools studying with a private tutor on set. Raised as a Christian, she was baptized in a Southern Baptistchurch before moving to Hollywood in 2005. She attended church regularly while growing up and wore a purity ring. In 2001, when Cyrus was eight, she and herfamily moved to Toronto, Canada, while her father filmed the television series Doc. After Billy Ray Cyrus took her to see a 2001 Mirvish production of Mamma Mia!at the Royal Alexandra Theatre, Miley Cyrus grabbed his arm and told him, "This is what I want to do, daddy. I want to be an actress." She began to take singingand acting lessons at the Armstrong Acting Studio in Toronto.Cyrus's first acting role was as Kylie in her father's television series Doc. In 2003, she receivedcredit under her birth name for her role as "Young Ruthie" in Tim Burton's Big Fish. During this period she auditioned with Taylor Lautner for the feature film TheAdventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3-D. Although she was one of two finalists for the role, she chose to appear in Hannah Montana instead.Her mother tookon the role of Miley's manager and worked to acquire a team to build her daughter's career. Cyrus signed with Mitchell Gossett, director of the youth division atCunningham Escott Slevin Doherty. Gossett is often credited with "discovering" Cyrus and played a key role in her auditioning for Hannah Montana. She latersigned with Jason Morey of Morey Management Group to handle her music career; Dolly Parton steered her to him. She hired her father's finance manager as partof her team.2006–2009: Hannah Montana and early musical releasesCyrus auditioned for the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana when she wasthirteen years old. She auditioned for the role of the title character's best friend, but was called to audition for the lead role instead. Despite being denied the partat first because she was "too small and too young" for the role, she was later cast as the lead because of her singing and acting abilities. The series premiered inMarch 2006 to the largest audience for a Disney Channel program and quickly ranked among the highest-rated series on basic cable. The success of the series ledto Cyrus being labeled a "teen idol". She toured with the Cheetah Girls as Hannah Montana in September 2006 and performed songs from the show's first season.Walt Disney Records released a soundtrack credited to Cyrus's character in October of that year. The record was a commercial success, topping the Billboard 200chart in the United States; it went on to sell over three million copies worldwide. With the release of the soundtrack, Cyrus became the first act within the WaltDisney Company to have deals in television, film, consumer products, and music.Cyrus signed a four-album deal with Hollywood Records to distribute hernon-Hannah Montana soundtrack music. She released the two-disc album Hannah Montana 2: Meet Miley Cyrus in June 2007. The first disc was credited as thesecond soundtrack by "Hannah Montana", while the second disc served as Cyrus's debut studio album. The album became her second to reach the top of theBillboard 200, and has sold over three million copies. Months after the release of the project, "See You Again" (2007) was released as the lead single from thealbum. The song was a commercial success, and has sold over two million copies in the United States since its release. She collaborated with her father on thesingle "Ready, Set, Don't Go" (2007). Next Cyrus embarked on her highly successful Best of Both Worlds Tour (2007–08) to promote its release. Ticketmasterofficials commented that "there [hadn't] been a demand of this level or intensity since The Beatles or Elvis". The tour's success led to the theatrical release of the3D concert film Hannah Montana & Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert (2008). While initially intended to be a limited release, the film's success led to alonger run.Cyrus and friend Mandy Jiroux began posting videos on the popular website YouTube in February 2008, referring to the clips as "The Miley and MandyShow"; the videos garnered a large online following. In April 2008, several pictures of Cyrus in her underwear and swimsuit were leaked online by a teenager whohacked her Gmail account. Further controversy erupted when it was reported that the then-15-year-old Cyrus had posed topless during a photo shoot by AnnieLeibovitz for Vanity Fair. The New York Times subsequently clarified that although the shot left the impression that Cyrus was bare-breasted, she was wrapped ina bed sheet and was not topless.Cyrus went on to release her second studio album, Breakout (2008), in June of that year. The album earned the highestfirst-week sales of her career thus far and became her third to top the Billboard 200. Cyrus later starred with John Travolta in the animated film Bolt (2008), herdebut as a film actress; she also co-wrote the song "I Thought I Lost You" (2008) for the film, which she sings as a duet with Travolta. The film was a critical andcommercial success and earned her a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Original Song.In March 2009, Cyrus released "The Climb" (2009) as a single fromthe soundtrack to the Hannah Montana feature film. It was met with a warm critical and commercial reaction, becoming a crossover hit in both pop and countrymusic formats. The soundtrack, which features the single, went on to become Cyrus's fourth entry to top the Billboard 200; at age 16, she became the youngestartist in history to have four number-one albums on the chart. She released her fourth soundtrack as Hannah Montana in July 2009, which debuted at number


Passage 1:Summer EverSummer Ever is the fourth release, and third full-length LP from The Revolution Smile. The album was an independent release, soldonline in physical format and on iTunes and Amazon.Track list"Summer Ever" - 1:12"Are You Awake?" - 4:16"I Was a Werewolf" - 3:22"Ringwald" -3:17"Destination Isolation" - 3:33"Maybe, Baby" - 3:17"Fate" - 3:55"When Love Was Dead" - 4:52"Recover" - 4:37"Move South" - 1:08"The State We're In" -3:30"Positive.Negative" - 2:33"Nice Talking to You" - 3:11"My Skin Is Thicker Than I Wanted" - 6:19"Flight Delay" - 4:13Passage 2:Leaving on a MaydayLeavingon a Mayday is an album by singer-songwriter Anna Ternheim.  It was released on 11 August 2008 and is Ternheim's fourth full-length LP.Track listing"What HaveI Done" – 3:21"Damaged Ones" – 3:09"Terrified" – 4:42"Let It Rain" – 4:54"My Heart Still Beats for You" – 4:27"No, I Don't Remember" – 3:53"Make It On MyOwn" – 3:24"Summer Rain" – 3:55"Losing You" – 3:38"Off the Road" – 3:54"Black Sunday Afternoon" – 4:37"Terrified" – 3:33Delux EditionCD1What Have IDoneDamaged OnesTerrifiedLet It RainMy Heart Still Beats For YouNo I Don't RememberSummer RainLosing YouOff The RoadBlack Sunday AfternoonCD2: "AnnaSings Sinatra"New York New YorkCome Fly With MeFly Me To The MoonThat's LifeStrangers In The NightBox editionCD1What Have I DoneDamagedOnesTerrifiedLet It RainMy Heart Still Beats For YouNo I Don't RememberSummer RainLosing YouOff The RoadBlack Sunday AfternoonNew York New YorkComeFly With MeFly Me To The MoonThat's LifeStrangers In The NightCD2: LIVE EP FROM TOURING 2009No, I Don't RememberDamaged OnesA French LoveWeddingSongLet It RainDVD: ANNA PERFORMS FIVE ACOUSTIC VERSIONSWhat Have I DoneSummer RainNo, I Don't RememberOff The RoadMy Heart Still Beats ForYouPassage 3:Been ListeningBeen Listening is the second full-length LP by London-based folk-rock band Johnny Flynn & The Sussex Wit.  The album wasrecorded in both London and Seattle, and features collaborations with Laura Marling and Anna Calvi. The album was also released in a 2-disc special edition andon vinyl.Track listingPassage 4:At Mount ZoomerAt Mount Zoomer, the second full length LP from the Canadian indie rock band Wolf Parade, was released onJune 17, 2008.Album titleThe album is named after Wolf Parade drummer Arlen Thompson's sound studio, Mount Zoomer; the name of the studio references "aB.C. euphemism for magic mushrooms", and also nods to the Montreal band A Silver Mount Zion. The album was originally meant to be entitled Kissing theBeehive; however, due to possible copyright infringements in relation to Jonathan Carroll's 1997 novel of the same name, this title was changed. Singer andkeyboardist Spencer Krug said that the band "didn't know that was the title of a book... We might have to change it, but we might not. And we'll have to make itclear that it's not [named] after his book. It's a complicated situation." It had also been reported earlier by Blender that the record was entitled Pardon My Blues;however, on April 28, Sub Pop officially announced that the album's name would be At Mount Zoomer.Album overviewThe band started playing new songs livethat would end up on At Mount Zoomer as early as summer 2007. Among the first to be played were "Language City" and "Fine Young Cannibals".According tosinger and guitarist Dan Boeckner, half of the album was recorded in Farnham, Quebec at Petite Église, an old church that was converted to a recording studio bythe band Arcade Fire for the production of their album Neon Bible. After touring the east coast in late 2007, Wolf Parade recorded the rest of At Mount Zoomer atMIXart Studios in Montreal, Quebec. Afterwards, the album was mixed at Arlen Thompson's sound studio, Mount Zoomer.The cover art for the album features thework of Matt Moroz and Elizabeth Huey, depicting a battle scene between the two artists.The track "Call It a Ritual" was released by the band on April 14,2008.ReceptionAt Mount Zoomer received positive reviews from critics. On Metacritic, the album holds a score of 78 out of 100 based on 28 reviews, indicating"generally favorable reviews".Track listingPersonnelWolf Parade – mixing, producing, "overdubs and vocals recorded by"Harris Newman – masteringArlenThompson – recording (tracks 1, 2, 4, 6-8), "one vocal recorded by"David Ferry – recording (tracks 3, 5, 9)Nick Petrowski – recording (tracks 3, 5, 9)David Smith– "some vocals recorded by"Jace Lasek – "some vocals recorded by"Elizabeth Huey – artworkMatt Moroz – artworkPassage 5:Tear Ourselves AwayTear OurselvesAway is the first full-length LP by San Francisco-based indie rock band LoveLikeFire.  The album was released commercially on August 10, 2009.  A leaked versionof the album first appeared on the internet in April 2009.Track listingThe track listing is as follows:"William""From a Tower""Crows Feet""Signs""I've Pissed Off MyFriends""Good Judgment""Boredom""My Left Eye""Far From Home""Stand in Your Shoes""Everything Must Settle"Passage 6:Blow in the WindBlow in the Wind isthe third album by Me First and the Gimme Gimmes, released in 2001, on the Fat Wreck Chords independent record label.  Blow in the Wind features severaltracks which are led off with musical mash-ups of, or homages to, classic Punk songs, a trend the group began on their second album, Are a Drag (with anappropriation of "Generator" by Bad Religion for their cover of "My Favorite Things") and would continue with Take a Break and Ruin Jonny's Bar Mitzvah: "SloopJohn B" samples "Teenage Lobotomy" by The Ramones, "Elenor" samples "London Calling" by The Clash, "San Francisco" samples "Stranger Than Fiction" by BadReligion, "I Only Want to Be With You" samples and "The Money Will Roll Right In" by Fang. Similarly, the track "Different Drum" also ends with a guitar riff takenfrom "Georgy Girl" by the Seekers.The first song begins with a clip similar to the hidden track on the NOFX album Punk in Drublic where Fat Mike attempts to findthe proper pitch of the word "how" in the line "How did the cat get so fat?" from "Perfect Government".The album is made up entirely of "Hits of the 1960s". Theband's version of "Different Drum" can be heard during the credits of the film Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story.The band's version of "Sloop John B" is featuredin the 2013 film The Wolf of Wall Street.Track listingPersonnelSpike Slawson - vocalsChris Shiflett (a.k.a. Jake Jackson) - lead guitarJoey Cape - rhythm guitarFatMike - bassDave Raun - drumsPassage 7:The Crew (album)The Crew is the debut studio album by American hardcore punk band 7 Seconds, released in 1984 byBYO Records. The original LP was released with 18 tracks, and later re-released on compact disc with six live bonus tracks.Critical receptionThe Austin Chroniclecalled the album a "stone classic," writing that "precious few third wave punk-hardcore outfits have aged as stoically – or as relevantly – as vox/guitar sibling duoKevin Seconds and Steve Youth." In a retrospective review, Tiny Mix Tapes wrote that the band's sound "is distilled ... to a steady grind of too-pah beats andblender-like three-chord sounds, but it’s the combination of this minimalism and Kevin Seconds’s voice — passionate, melodic, hopeful — that makes you believeeverything he says." LA Weekly placed The Crew at #3 on its list of the top twenty hardcore albums in history, writing that "7 Seconds wrote the book on positivehardcore and that book is called The Crew."Track listingAll songs written by Kevin Seconds, except for where noted."Here's Your Warning" - 1:18"Definite Choice"- 0:55"Not Just Boys Fun" (Seconds, Steve Youth) - 1:29"This Is the Angry Pt. 2" - 1:09"Straight On" - 0:24"You Lose" - 0:36"What If There's a War in America"- 0:42"The Crew" - 0:51"Clenched Fists, Black Eyes" - 1:30"Colourblind" - 1:42"Aim to Please" - 1:14"Boss" (Seconds, Youth) - 0:45"Young 'Til I Die" - 2:01"Redand Black" - 0:37"Die Hard" - 0:57"I Have a Dream" - 1:00"Bully" - 1:05"Trust" - 2:13"Here's Your Warning" (Live) - 1:35"Spread" (Live) - 1:21"I Have aDream" (Live) - 0:58"Young 'Til I Die" (Live) - 1:51"Not Just Boys Fun" (Live) (Seconds, Youth) - 1:26"Rock Together" (Live) - 2:12PersonnelKevin Seconds: LeadVocalsDan Pozniak: Guitar, VocalsTroy Mowat: DrumsSteve Youth: Bass, PianoPassage 8:Full Length LPFull Length LP is the debut album by the HuntingtonBeach, California punk rock band Guttermouth, released in 1991 by Dr. Strange Records. It introduced the band's style of fast, abrasive punk rock withtongue-in-cheek humor and sarcastic lyrics. The album was originally released as an LP but was repackaged the following year as a CD including tracks from theband's first 2 EPs Puke and Balls, as well as the previously unreleased tracks "Malted Vomit" and "Ghost." It was re-released again in 1996 by Nitro Records underthe title The Album Formerly Known as Full Length LP.The album proved to be a success for the band, expanding their fan base and giving them opportunities toplay shows all over southern California alongside other popular punk rock bands. An animated music video was made for the song “1, 2, 3…Slam!” and played onlocal punk rock and skateboarding video programs. Many of the songs from Full Length would remain staples in the band's live set throughout their career.TracklistingAll songs written by Guttermouth except where noted"Race Track""No More""Jack La Lanne""Where Was I?""Old Glory""I'm Punk""Mr. Barbeque""Bruce Leevs. the Kiss Army""Chicken Box""Carp""Toilet""Oats""1, 2, 3...Slam!""I Used to be 20" (written & originally performed by the Dayglo Abortions as "I Used to be inLove")"Reggae Man""Chicken Box" (again)*"Just a Fuck"*"Hypocrite"*"Marco-Polo"*"Under My Skin"*"Gas Out"*"No Such Thing"*"MaltedVomit"*"Ghost"**Tracks 16-24 are included on CD re-releases only. Tracks 16-22 comprise the band's first 2 EPs Puke and Balls, while tracks 23 & 24 arepreviously unreleased. "Chicken Box (again)" is not included on the 1996 re-release.PersonnelMark Adkins - vocalsScott Sheldon - guitarEric "Derek" Davis -guitarClint "Cliff" Weinrich - bassJames Nunn - drumsAlbum informationRecord label:original LP & CD releases: Dr. Strange Records1996 re-release: NitroRecordsRecorded April 27–28 and June 22–23, 1990 at Westbeach Recorders by Donnell Cameron with assistance by Joe PeccorilloProduced by GuttermouthAllsongs written by Guttermouth except "I Used to be 20" by the Dayglow Abortions1996 re-release remastered by Eddie Shreyer at FuturediscPhotos on 1996re-release by Paul CobbPassage 9:Night FallsNight Falls is the seventh studio album released by American hip-hop group Heiruspecs. It was released on April 22,2014 independently. It is the band's first full-length LP since 2008's self-titled album.Track listingPassage 10:At the End of the Day (Disagree album)At The EndOf The Day is the first full-length LP by Malaysia-based band Disagree. It was released on February 10, 2004.Track listingPersonnelZahid – Vocals, LeadGuitarHamka – DrumsAziz – BassAshroff – Rhythm Guitar


Passage 1:Scotty FoxScott Fox is a pornographic film director who is a member of the AVN Hall of Fame.Awards1992 AVN Award – Best Director, Video (TheCockateer)1995 AVN Hall of Fame inducteePassage 2:Riccardo FredaRiccardo Freda (24 February 1909 – 20 December 1999) was an Italian film director. Heworked in a variety of genres, including sword-and-sandal, horror, giallo and spy films.Freda began directing I Vampiri in 1956. The film became the first Italiansound horror film production.BiographyRiccardo Freda was born in 1909 in Alexandria, Egypt to Italian parents. Freda attended school in Milan where he took artclasses at the Centro Sperimantale. After school he took on work as a sculptor and art critic.Film careerFreda first began working in the film industry in 1937 anddirected his first film Don Cesare di Bazan in 1942. Freda began directing I Vampiri. I Vampiri was the first Italian horror film of the sound era, following the lonesilent horror film Il mostro di Frankenstein (1920)  Despite being the first, a wave of Italian horror productions did not follow until Mario Bava's film Black Sundaywas released internationally.Freda died on 20 December 1999 in Rome.FilmographyNotes^  a Freda has denied having taken part in writing the script for thisfilm, despite being credited.^  b Freda was originally to direct the film but stated that he walked off the set on the first day of shooting.^  c Freda name is not inthe credits but some sources state he directed several battles scenes in the film, which Freda denies.^  d Freda name is not in the credits but some sources statehe edited the naval battle scenes in the film, which Freda denies.^  e Freda has claimed to have shot the entire film.Passage 3:Oh Sailor BehaveOh, Sailor,Behave! is a 1930 American Pre-Code musical comedy film produced and released by Warner Brothers, and based on the play See Naples and Die, written byElmer Rice. The film was originally intended to be entirely in Technicolor and was advertised as such in movie trade journals. Due to the backlash againstmusicals, it was apparently released in black-and-white only.PlotAn American newspaper reporter named Charlie Carroll (Charles King) is sent to Venice tointerview a Romanian general, who is played by Noah Beery. While in Venice Charlie falls for a young heiress named Nanette Dodge (Irene Delroy). When Charlieis unable to get an interview with the Romanian general, a local siren named Kunegundi (Vivien Oakland), who is the general's favorite helps him. Meanwhile,Nanette learns that her sister is being blackmailed by Prince Kasloff of Russia (Lowell Sherman), to whom she wrote some incriminating letters. Nanette attemptsto vamp the Prince in order to obtain the love letters. The Prince, however, tricks her and demands that Nanette marry him if she wants to save her sister. Afterbeing repeatedly rebuked by Nanette, the prince hires the Romanian general (Noah Beery) to kidnap her and force her into  marriage. Charlie, thinking she haseloped, consoles himself with Kunegundi (Vivien Oakland) and almost marries her until he realizes the truth about Nanette and that she has been kidnapped bythe Prince. Charlie sets out to rescue her and when the Prince shows up disguised as the general he shoots Prince Kasloff. Charlie and Nanette are happilyreunited.Ole Olsen and Chic Johnson provide comic relief that is completely unrelated to the main story. They play the part of two American sailors stationed inNaples who attempt to find a wooden-legged thief who has robbed the navy storehouse in Venice. Louisa, a local siren (played by Lotti Loder) leads them on andembroils them in trouble.Music"When Love Comes In The Moonlight""Leave A Little Smile""Highway to Heaven""The Laughing Song""Tell Us Which One Do YouLove"Production backgroundCharles King recorded three songs for the film for Brunswick Records: Brunswick 4840 (Highway to Heaven/When Love Comes in theMoonlight); Brunswick 4849 (Leave A Little Smile). The other side of Brunswick 4849 featured a song from the aborted MGM revue The March of Time (1930).Thiswas to be Charles King's last musical movie. He went back to the Broadway stage, since movie audiences had grown tired of musicals, and never returned to thescreen.Due to the public apathy towards musicals, Warner Bros. did not debut this film in the usual prestigious movie theaters. The film was immediately  placedin general release with no fanfare.Comedians Olsen and Johnson were added to the film due to growing public apathy towards serious stage actors such as Kingand Delroy. The movie was marketed as a comedy film with these comics billed as "America's funniest clowns".PreservationThe version of the film released in theUnited States, late in 1930, survives intact. A print is at the Museum of Modern Art, and is in the Turner Classic Movies film library as well as the Library ofCongress. The complete soundtrack also survives on Vitaphone disks. The film was released on DVD through the Warner Archive Collection in 2014.Passage 4:SeeNaples and DieSee Naples and Die (Italian: Vedi Napoli e poi muori) is a 1952 Italian crime-melodrama film directed by Riccardo Freda.PlotDrug dealer Sanesi istrying to get her old friend Marisa to have her husband, a senior bank official, sing. But the official becomes convinced that Marisa is cheating on him with Sanesiand throws his wife out of the house. In order to prevent the situation from deteriorating, Marisa decides to assassinate Sanesi. A murder trial then opens againstMarisa. Her acquittal in self-defense will lead Marisa and her husband to reconciliation.CastGianna Maria Canale: MarisaRenato Baldini: Giacomo MariniVittorioSanipoli: Roberto SanesiFranca Marzi: Lover of SenesiCarletto SpositoClaudio VillaProductionFollowing the success of his previous film La vendetta di Aquila Nera,Riccardo Freda directed his next film produced by Umberto Momi and Carlo Caiano through their company Associati Produttori Indipendenti (A.P.I.). Freda claimedhe shot the film within 15 days, with three on location in Naples and the rest in Rome at CSC studios.The film marked the first collaboration between Freda andhis longtime director of photography, Gábor Pogány. Freda commented on his collaboration with his Hungarian cinematographer, stating that "It is quiteastonishing, but it was the Hungarians and the Czechs who revolutionized cinematography in Italy. Stallich, Vich and Pogany. They reinvented the use of lightingon sets... This trio remained famous in Italy the name of 'Hungarian school'".ReleaseSee Naples and Die was distributed theatrically in Italy by Associati ProduttoriIndipendenti on March 29, 1952. The film grossed a total of 381,384,000 Italian lire domestically in Italy.  The film was released in the United States as SeeNaples and Die in 1959 where it was released subtitled and distributed by Crown Pictures.ReceptionItalian critic and film historian Roberto Curti stated that Italiancritics "generally panned the film". On its release in the United States, the New York Times stated the film had a "sodden script" and that "Gianna Maria Canale,as that pretty, luckless lady, is involved  in nearly every cliche dear to the devotees of daytime detergent dramas on radio, but unsmilingly she comes through[...] There are English titles but even without them it is fairly clear that sad is the word for the manufactured tragedies in See Naples and Die."See alsoList ofItalian films of 1952Passage 5:Ben PalmerBen Palmer (born 1976) is a British film and television director.His television credits include the Channel 4 sketch showBo' Selecta! (2002–2006), the second and third series of the E4 sitcom The Inbetweeners (2009–2010) and the Sky Atlantic comedy-drama Breeders (2020).Palmer has also directed films such as the Inbetweeners spin-off, The Inbetweeners Movie (2011) and the romantic comedy Man Up (2015).BiographyPalmer wasborn and raised in Penny Bridge, Barrow-in-Furness. He attended Chetwynde School.His first directing job was the Channel 4 sketch show Bo' Selecta!, which heco-developed with its main star, Leigh Francis. Palmer directed the second and third series of the E4 sitcom The Inbetweeners in 2009 and 2010,respectively.FilmographyBo' Selecta! (2002–06)Comedy Lab (2004–2010)Bo! in the USA (2006)The Inbetweeners (2009–2010)The Inbetweeners Movie(2011)Comedy Showcase (2012)Milton Jones's House of Rooms (2012)Them from That Thing (2012)Bad Sugar (2012)Chickens (2013)London Irish (2013)ManUp (2015)SunTrap (2015)BBC Comedy Feeds (2016)Nigel Farage Gets His Life Back (2016)Back (2017)Comedy Playhouse (2017)Urban Myths (2017–19)Click &Collect (2018)Semi-Detached (2019)Breeders (2020)Passage 6:Season of StrangersSeason of Strangers (sometimes referred as haiku film) is 1959 unfinishedAmerican 16 mm black and white Avant-garde-experimental short film directed by Maya Deren.ProductionThe film began as a part of Deren's workshop whichtook place in Woodstock, New York, during July 6 to July 25 in 1959. Deren after claimed that the location was important for the structure of the film. Also thelyrical aspect of Japanese Haiku motivated the fim as well.Passage 7:Maya DerenMaya Deren (born Eleonora Derenkovskaya, Ukrainian: Елеоно́раДеренко́вська; May 12 [O.S. April 29] 1917 – October 13, 1961) was a Ukrainian-born (then part of the Russian Empire, now independent Ukraine) Americanexperimental filmmaker and important part of the avant-garde in the 1940s and 1950s. Deren was also a choreographer, dancer, film theorist, poet, lecturer,writer, and photographer.The function of film, Deren believed, was to create an experience. She combined her expertise in dance and choreography,ethnography, the African spirit religion of Haitian Vodou,  symbolist poetry and gestalt psychology (student of Kurt Koffka)  in a series of perceptual,black-and-white short films. Using editing, multiple exposures, jump-cutting, superimposition, slow-motion, and other camera techniques to her advantage,Deren abandoned established notions of physical space and time, innovating through carefully planned films with specific conceptual aims.Meshes of theAfternoon (1943), her collaboration with her husband at the time Alexander Hammid, has been one of the most influential experimental films in American cinemahistory. Deren went on to make several more films, including but not limited to At Land (1944), A Study in Choreography for Camera (1945), and Ritual inTransfigured Time (1946), writing, producing, directing, editing, and photographing them with help from only one other person, Hella Heyman, hercamerawoman.Early lifeDeren was born May 12 [O.S. April 29] 1917 in Kyiv, Ukraine, Russian Empire, now independent Ukraine, into a Jewish family, topsychologist Solomon Derenkowsky and Gitel-Malka (Marie) Fiedler, who supposedly named her after Italian actress Eleonora Duse.In 1922, the family fled theUkrainian SSR because of antisemitic pogroms perpetrated by the White Volunteer Army and moved to Syracuse, New York. Her father shortened the familyname from Derenkovskaya to "Deren" shortly after they arrived in New York. He became the staff psychiatrist at the State Institute for the Feeble-Minded inSyracuse. Deren's mother was a musician and dancer who had studied these arts in Kyiv. In 1928, Deren's parents became naturalized citizens of the United


Passage 1:Jane WighamJane Wigham (née Smeal; 1801–1888) was a leading Scottish abolitionist, and was the secretary of the Glasgow Ladies' EmancipationSociety.LifeSmeal was born in Glasgow in 1801, the sister of William Smeal. She was educated as a Quaker at Ackworth School in Yorkshire. The family resided inEdinburgh, later moving to Aberdeen. As Quakers, Smeal's family were unusual in Scotland. The 1851 census shows that there were fewer than 400 activeScottish Quakers at the time.Smeal became the leader and secretary of the radical Glasgow Ladies Emancipation Society. Her brother William in 1822 founded theGlasgow Anti-Slavery Society, a forerunner of the Glasgow Emancipation Society, and was later active in the latter. Smeal had a record of anti-slavery activity,long before the Free Church became involved in the issue.In 1838 she published an important pamphlet with Elizabeth Pease of Darlington titled Address to theWomen of Great Britain. This document called for British women to speak in public and to form anti-slavery organisations for women. An address that Smealprepared for Queen Victoria has been credited with being the "final blow" that ended slavery in the Caribbean.In 1840 Smeal became the second wife of theQuaker John Wigham, who was a tea merchant and active abolitionist in Glasgow. In 1830, Wigham's wife and two of their children died however the family wasrevitalized when he married Smeal. Jane Smeal became Jane Wigham and she formed a close friendship and collaboration with her stepdaughter, Eliza Wigham.Smeal and Wigham's marriage took place in the same year as the World's Anti-Slavery Convention in London, where Eliza was one of the delegates.After theLadies' Emancipation Society ceased activity, Jane and Eliza, along with some of their friends, set up the Edinburgh chapter of the National Society of Women'sSuffrage. Priscilla Bright McLaren, the president, Elizabeth Pease, the treasurer, and McLaren's daughter Agnes McLaren joined Eliza as joint secretaries. Despite alack of support from her husband John, Jane and her stepdaughter established the Edinburgh society as one of the leading British groups supporting thecontroversial views of the American abolitionist and social reformer William Lloyd Garrison.John Wigham died in 1864 and Eliza remained on at the family homeon South Gray Street in Edinburgh to care for her stepmother. Jane died in November 1888 after a prolonged illness.LegacyFour of the women associated withEdinburgh in the 19th century were the subject of a campaign by Edinburgh historians in 2015. The group aimed to gain recognition for Elizabeth Pease Nichol,Priscilla Bright McLaren, Eliza Wigham, and Jane Smeal – the city's "forgotten heroines".Passage 2:Angelo I GozzadiniAngelo I Gozzadini (died between 1468 and1476) was Lord of Kythnos.He married in 1429 Caterina Crispo (born 1415, date of death unknown), daughter of Nicholas Crispo, Lord of Syros and sister ofFrancesco II, sixteenth Duke of the Archipelago.Passage 3:May Green HinckleyMay Green Hinckley (May 1, 1881 – May 2, 1943) was the third Primary generalpresident of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1940 until her death. She was the stepmother of Gordon B. Hinckley, fifteenthpresident of the LDS Church.BiographyGreen was born in Brampton, Derbyshire, England. Her mother had joined the LDS Church three years before Green'sbirth, but her father never joined. She emigrated to the United States with her mother and some of her siblings in 1889. Green was baptized into the LDS Churchin 1891, and was by then living in Salt Lake City.Green was raised in the church's Salt Lake 5th Ward. Early on she was a teacher in both the Sunday School andthe Young Women Mutual Improvement Association (YWMIA). She served as a missionary for the church in the Central States Mission from 1907 to 1909.Afterstudying booking and accounting, Green began work as business manager for a Salt Lake medical clinic.In 1920, Green was made president of the YLMIA of theGranite Stake in Salt Lake City. She served in this position for the next 12 years, and oversaw the initial establishment of the Gleaner program.In 1932, at theage of 50, Green married Bryant S. Hinckley, whose wife, Ada, had died in 1930. At the time, five of Hinckley's 13 children were still living at home. At that time,Green was president of the stake YWMIA. One of the children, Gordon B. Hinckley, later recalled that he and the other children were upset by their father'sdecision to remarry, but they eventually came to accept their stepmother: "I don't know that it was easy for her to step into our family, but she did it well. We allrespected her. We all loved her". In 1935, when Bryant Hinckley became president of the Northern States Mission based in Chicago, May Hinckley went with himand presided over the Primary Association, YWMIA, and Relief Society within the mission.In 1940, May Hinckley was asked by church president Heber J. Grant tosucceed May Anderson and become the third general president of the church's Primary Association. In her 3+1⁄2-year tenure, Hinckley introduced a revisedcurriculum, added a scripture-reading program for leaders and teachers, established a formal scriptural theme for Primary, and selected the official Primary logo,motto and colors.Hinckley formed a committee that created lessons for use by Primaries in missions (as opposed to stakes). With energy rationing as a result ofWorld War II, she oversaw the creation of more home-based Primary programs.Hinckley was the editor of The Children's Friend while she was the PrimaryGeneral President. Her term ended when she unexpectedly died of pneumonia in Salt Lake City, Utah, the day after her 62nd birthday. She was succeeded byAdele C. Howells, her first counselor.See alsoLaVern W. Parmley: second counselor to HinckleyNotesExternal linksMay Green Hinckley at Find a GravePassage4:Francesco I CrispoFrancesco I Crispo, Patrizio Veneto (died 1397) was the tenth Duke of the Archipelago through his marriage and the will of Venice.FrancescoCrispo was probably born in Verona. He was Lord of Milos, thus a vassal to the Duke of Naxos, as well as his cousin through his marriage to Fiorenza Sanudo, agrand-daughter of the Duke Guglielmo Sanudo. Crispo might also have been a pirate. He was sent by the Republic of Venice to Naxos in March 1383 for concernthat the then Duke Niccolò III dalle Carceri was incompetent. The Republic suffered from predation by the Ottoman Empire in the Aegean.On the island, a huntwas suggested. Officially, on the way back Niccolo III, escorted by Crispo's men was attacked by rebels or thieves. He fell off his horse and died. To quench anyrevolt, Francesco Crispo had to assume power.The Republic of Venice quickly sent its congratulations.Andros was another problem. It belonged to Maria Sanudo,sister of the late duke. When Francesco gave as a dowry Andros and Syros to his own daughter Pétronilla, Maria Sanudo called for justice in Venice.With his wifehe had eight children:Giacomo I CrispoPetronilla Crispo (1384–1427), married to Pietro Zeno, together they received Andros and Syros as dowryAgnese Crispo(1386–1428), married to Dragonetto Clavelli, Lord of NisyrosJohn II CrispoWilliam II CrispoNicholas Crispo, Lord of SyrosMarco I Crispo, Lord of IosNobil HuomoPietro Crispo, Patrizio Veneto (1397–1440), married to NN and had issue:Giovanni Crispo (died 1475), Knight of the Knights HospitallerPassage 5:DorothyGrangerDorothy Karolyn Granger (November 21, 1911 – January 4, 1995) was an American actress best known for her roles in short subject comedies inHollywood.CareerGranger, with her parents, two brothers, Richard and James, and their grandmother, Clara (née Wilcox) Granger, moved to Los Angeles duringthe late 1920s.Granger got her start in the entertainment industry when she won a beauty contest at the age of 13 at Silver Beach Summer Resort near Houston.Her budding figure and confident stage presence were perfect for studios that made comedy shorts. In 1930, her father took her to producer Hal Roach, who wasthen testing talent for his upcoming comedy series, The Boy Friends. Granger’s natural comedy timing got her the job immediately and she was placed undercontract to Hal Roach Studios. She became a charter member of the two-reel-comedy community, appearing opposite many major comedians at Roach, MackSennett, Educational Pictures, Columbia Pictures, and RKO Radio Pictures. Among her famous credits are Hog Wild with Laurel & Hardy, The Dentist with W.C.Fields, Punch Drunks and Termites of 1938 with The Three Stooges. Granger also appeared with Andy Clyde, Charley Chase, Edgar Kennedy, Harry Langdon, GusSchilling & Richard Lane, and Joe DeRita, as well as on live television with Abbott & Costello. Granger is best remembered as the sarcastic, suspicious wife in LeonErrol's series of two-reelers for RKO.For her body of work in two-reelers, Granger was known as the "Queen of the Short Subject Films". However, she alsoappeared in about 100 feature films, including Frisco Jenny, Sunset in El Dorado, Kentucky Kernels, Dick Tracy vs. Cueball, Diamond Jim, and Show Boat.LateryearsGranger worked on a variety of television shows through the 1950s, including The Abbott and Costello Show, I Married Joan, Father Knows Best, Topper,Lassie, Death Valley Days and Wells Fargo. Her last television performance was a live show on Face The Facts in 1961. Granger left show business in 1963, callingit an “ulcer factory.”Granger made her last public appearance in 1993 for the Screen Actors Guild’s 60th anniversary celebration. She was an honored guest at thecelebration because she was one of SAG’s first members. In later years she helped her husband run an upholstery shop in Los Angeles.She was the stepmother offilm maker and former record producer Anthony J. Hilder.DeathGranger died of cancer on January 4, 1995, aged 83, in Los Angeles, California.SelectedfilmographyPassage 6:Anthony Crispo, Lord of SyrosAnthony Crispo (or Antonio;  - 1494), became Lord of Syros in 1463 after his older brother Francesco'sdeath. He was the youngest son of Nicholas Crispo, Lord of Syros and Princess Eudokia Valenza Komnene, daughter of Emperor Alexios IV Komnenos of theTrebizond, and brother of Francesco II, sixteenth Duke of the Archipelago.He married ... de Paterno, without issue.Passage 7:Henriette FeuerbachHenrietteFeuerbach (13 August 1812 – 5 August 1892) was a German author and arts patron. She was the wife of Joseph Anselm Feuerbach and the stepmother of painterAnselm Feuerbach, whom she supported in his art.LifeBorn Henriette Heydenreich in Ermetzhofen, she was the third child and only daughter of the pastor JohannAlexander Heydenreich (1754–1814) and his wife Friederika Christine née Freudel. Her brothers were Friedrich Wilhelm Heidenreich, to become a physician, andChristian Heydenreich (1800–1865), a future judge. They grew up in Ansbach and were educated in Latin, Greek and music.She married on 13 April 1834 thewidower Josef Anselm Feuerbach, whose first wife was Amalie Keerl (1805–1830). She lived with him and his two children, Emilie (1827–1873) and Anselm(1829–1880), first in Freiburg im Breisgau, later in Heidelberg. She gave piano lessons, directed a choir, and organised house concerts. Clara Schumann and


Passage 1:Domenico de DominicisDomenico de Dominicis or Domenico de Dominici (died 1478) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Brescia(1464–1478)and Bishop of Torcello (1448–1464).BiographyOn 20 February 1448, Domenico de Dominicis was appointed during the papacy of Pope Nicholas V asBishop of Torcello.On 14 November 1464, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul II as Bishop of Brescia.He served as Bishop of Brescia until his deathin 1478. While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Johannes Hinderbach, Bishop of Trento (1466); and the principal co-consecrator of Giovanni StefanoBotticelli, Bishop of Cremona (1467).Passage 2:Wesley BarresiWesley Barresi (born 3 May 1984) is a South African born first-class and Netherlands internationalcricketer. He is a right-handed wicket keeper-batsman and also bowls right-arm offbreak. In February 2021, Barresi announced his retirement from all forms ofcricket, but returned to the national team in August 2022.CareerWesley became the 100th victim to Indian cricketer Yuvraj Singh, when he was dismissed in the2011 World Cup game against India.In July 2018, he was named in the Netherlands' One Day International (ODI) squad, for their series against Nepal. Ahead ofthe ODI matches, the International Cricket Council (ICC) named him as the key player for the Netherlands.In July 2019, he was selected to play for theAmsterdam Knights in the inaugural edition of the Euro T20 Slam cricket tournament. However, the following month, the tournament was cancelled.Passage3:Wale AdebanwiWale Adebanwi (born 1969) is a Nigerian-born first Black Rhodes Professor at St Antony's College, Oxford where he was, until June 2021, aProfessor of Race Relations, and the Director of the African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, and a Governing Board Fellow. He is currentlya Presidential Penn Compact Professor of Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. Adebanwi's research focuses on a range of topics in the areas ofsocial change, nationalism and ethnicity, race relations, identity politics, elites and cultural politics, democratic process, newspaper press and spatial politics inAfrica.Education backgroundWale Adebanwi graduated with a first degree in Mass Communication from the University of Lagos, and later earned his M.Sc. andPh.D. in Political Science from the University of Ibadan. He also has an MPhil. and a Ph.D. in Social Anthropology from the University ofCambridge.CareerAdebanwi worked as a freelance reporter, writer, journalist and editor for many newspapers and magazines before he joined the University ofIbadan's Department of Political Science as a lecturer and researcher. He was later appointed as an assistant professor in the African American and AfricanStudies Department of the University of California, Davis, USA. He became a full professor at UC Davis in 2016.Adebanwi is the co-editor of Africa: Journal of theInternational African Institute and the Journal of Contemporary African Studies.WorksHis published works include:Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Pressand the Politics of Meaning (University of Rochester Press, 2016)Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo and Corporate Agency (CambridgeUniversity Press, 2014)Authority Stealing: Anti-corruption War and Democratic Politics in Post-Military Nigeria (Carolina Academic Press, 2012)In addition, he isthe editor and co-editor of other books, including.The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa: Beyond the Margins (James Currey Publishers, 2017)Writersand Social Thought in Africa (Routledge, 2016)(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Governance and the Crisis of Rule in Contemporary Africa (Palgrave Macmillan,2016)(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Democracy and Prebendalism in Nigeria: Critical Interpretations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).(co-edited with EbenezerObadare) Nigeria at Fifty: The Nation in Narration (Routledge, 2012)(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Encountering the Nigerian State (Palgrave Macmillan,2010).AwardsRhodes Professorship in Race Relations awarded by Oxford University to Faculty of African and Interdisciplinary Area Studies.Passage 4:DomenicoMaggiottoDomenico Maggiotto or Domenico Fedeli (1713–1794) was an Italian painter and engraver of the late-Baroque period.He was one of the main pupils ofGiovanni Battista Piazzetta. His son Francesco Maggiotto was also a painter.He lived and worked mainly in Venice.Passage 5:ShahanuddinChoudhuryShahanuddin Choudhury (born 15 June 1967) is a Bangladeshi sprinter. He competed in the men's 200 metres at the 1992 Summer Olympics.Passage6:Greg A. Hill (artist)Greg A. Hill is a Canadian-born First Nations artist and curator. He is Kanyen'kehà:ka Mohawk, from Six Nations of the Grand River Territory,Ontario.Early lifeHill was born and raised in Fort Erie, Ontario.Art careerHis work as a multidisciplinary artist focuses primarily on installation, performance anddigital imaging and explores issues of his Mohawk and French-Canadian identity through the prism of colonialism, nationalism and concepts of place andcommunity.Hill has been exhibiting his work since 1989, with solo exhibitions and performance works across Canada as well as group exhibitions in North Americaand abroad. His work can be found in the collections of the Canada Council, the Indian Art Centre, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, the Canadian Native ArtsFoundation (now Indspire), the Woodland Cultural Center, the City of Ottawa, the Ottawa Art Gallery and the International Museum of Electrography.CuratorialcareerHill serves as the Audain Senior Curator of Indigenous Art at the National Gallery of Canada.Awards and honoursIn 2018, Hill received the Indspire Awardfor Arts.Passage 7:John McMahon (Surrey and Somerset cricketer)John William Joseph McMahon (28 December 1917 – 8 May 2001) was an Australian-bornfirst-class cricketer who played for Surrey and Somerset County Cricket Clubs in England from 1947 to 1957.Surrey cricketerMcMahon was an orthodox left-armspin bowler with much variation in speed and flight who was spotted by Surrey playing in club cricket in North London and brought on to the county's staff for the1947 season at the age of 29. In the first innings of his first match, against Lancashire at The Oval, he took five wickets for 81 runs.In his first full season, 1948,he was Surrey's leading wicket-taker and in the last home game of the season he was awarded his county cap – he celebrated by taking eight Northamptonshirewickets for 46 runs at The Oval, six of them coming in the space of 6.3 overs for seven runs. This would remain the best bowling performance of his first-classcareer, not surpassed, but he did equal it seven years later. In the following game, the last away match of the season, he took 10 Hampshire wickets for 150 runsin the match at Bournemouth. In the 1948 season as a whole, he took 91 wickets at an average of 28.07. As a tail-end left-handed batsman, he managed just 93runs in the season at an average of 4.22.The emergence of Tony Lock as a slow left-arm bowler in 1949 brought a stuttering end of McMahon's Surrey career.Though he played in 12 first-class matches in the 1949 season, McMahon took only 19 wickets; a similar number of matches in 1950 brought 34 wickets. In 1951,he played just seven times and in 1952 only three times. In 1953, Lock split the first finger of his left hand, and played in only 11 of Surrey's CountyChampionship matches; McMahon played as his deputy in 14 Championship matches, though a measure of their comparative merits was that Lock's 11 gamesproduced 67 wickets at 12.38 runs apiece, while McMahon's 14 games brought him 45 wickets at the, for him, low average of 21.53. At the end of the 1953season, McMahon was allowed to leave Surrey to join Somerset, then languishing at the foot of the County Championship and recruiting widely from othercounties and other countries.Somerset cricketerSomerset's slow bowling in 1954 was in the hands of leg-spinner Johnny Lawrence, with support from the off-spinof Jim Hilton while promising off-spinner Brian Langford was on national service. McMahon filled a vacancy for a left-arm orthodox spinner that had been theresince the retirement of Horace Hazell at the end of the 1952 season; Hazell's apparent successor, Roy Smith, had failed to realise his promise as a bowler in1953, though his batting had advanced significantly.McMahon instantly became a first-team regular and played in almost every match during his four years withthe county, not missing a single Championship game until he was controversially dropped from the side in August 1957, after which he did not play in theChampionship again.In the 1954 season, McMahon, alongside fellow newcomer Hilton, was something of a disappointment, according to Wisden: "The new spinbowlers, McMahon and Hilton, did not attain to the best standards of their craft in a wet summer, yet, like the rest of the attack, they would have fared betterwith reasonable support in the field and from their own batsmen," it said. McMahon took 85 wickets at an average of 27.47 (Hilton took only 42 at a higheraverage). His best match was against Essex at Weston-super-Mare where he took six for 96 in the first innings and five for 45 in the second to finish with matchfigures of 11 for 141, which were the best of his career. He was awarded his county cap in the 1954 season, but Somerset remained at the bottom of thetable.The figures for the 1955 were similar: McMahon this time took 75 wickets at 28.77 apiece. There was a small improvement in his batting and the arrival ofBryan Lobb elevated McMahon to No 10 in the batting order for most of the season, and he responded with 262 runs and an average of 9.03. This included hishighest-ever score, 24, made in the match against Sussex at Frome. A week later in Somerset's next match, he equalled his best-ever bowling performance,taking eight Kent wickets for 46 runs in the first innings of a match at Yeovil through what Wisden called "clever variation of flight and spin". These matchesbrought two victories for Somerset, but there were only two others in the 1955 season and the side finished at the bottom of the Championship for the fourthseason running.At the end of the 1955 season, Lawrence retired and McMahon became Somerset's senior spin bowler for the 1956 season, with Langfordreturning from National Service as the main support. McMahon responded with his most successful season so far, taking 103 wickets at an average of 25.57, theonly season in his career in which he exceeded 100 wickets. The bowling average improved still further in 1957 to 23.10 when McMahon took 86 wickets. But hisseason came to an abrupt end in mid-August 1957 when, after 108 consecutive Championship matches, he was dropped from the first team during theWeston-super-Mare festival. Though he played some games for the second eleven later in August, he regained his place in the first team for only a singleend-of-season friendly match, and he was told that his services were not required for the future, a decision, said Wisden, that "proved highlycontroversial".Sacked by SomersetThe reason behind McMahon's sacking did not become public knowledge for many years. In its obituary of him in 2002,


Passage 1:Ian Barry (director)Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV.Select creditsWaiting for Lucas (1973) (short)Stone (1974) (editor only)The ChainReaction (1980)Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)Minnamurra (1989)Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)Crimebroker(1993)Inferno (1998) (TV movie)Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)TheDoctor Blake Mysteries (2013)Passage 2:Robert Baker (actor)Robert Baker (born October 15, 1979, in Memphis, Tennessee) is an American actor known for hisroles in Valentine, Grey's Anatomy, Out of Time, and a supporting role in the film Special.Early lifeBaker is the son of musician Lee Baker and his wife Carol. Hisfather Lee was a member of the Memphis rock group, Mud Boy and the Neutrons.CareerHe had a small role as a partygoer in the 1999 film Angel on AbbeyStreet. While still attending theater school at the University of Southern California, he landed a role in the TV movie The Ruling Class, playing a funny high schooljock.In 2018, Baker recurred in Supergirl as Mercy Graves' brother Otis Graves.FilmographyFilmTelevisionVideo gamePassage 3:Peter LevinPeter Levin is anAmerican director of film, television and theatre.CareerSince 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films.Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney& Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy.Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), PopeyeDoyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films. He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, forwhich she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s.Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions. Hecostarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army. He trained at the CarnegieMellon University. Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company. He alsoco-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The InteractTheatre Company.Passage 4:Brian Kennedy (gallery director)Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who hasworked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States.  He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months,resigning December 31, 2020. He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019. He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004.CareerBrian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States afterleaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College. In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art. On1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum.Early life and career in IrelandKennedy was born inDublin and attended Clonkeen College. He received B.A. (1982), M.A. (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both arthistory and history.He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester BeattyLibrary (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89). He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988.He was AssistantDirector at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997. He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of theCouncil of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003. In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia.National Gallery ofAustralia (NGA)Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad,increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site.  Although he oversaw several years ofthe museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions.During hisdirectorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship. However, the initialdesign for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds.  As a result, the project was notdelivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later.  Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art,including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001. Kennedy built on the established collections at the museumby acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; andthe Australian Print Workshop Archive. He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King EdwardTerrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above).Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGAfrom 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship. He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too closeto the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor. However, there were other exhibitionsat the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns. The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging toCharles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn. Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which usedelephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous. The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was"Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion." In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events inNew York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art". He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far."Kennedywas also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA'soccupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system. The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003.Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors.He becamea joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003.Toledo Museum of ArtThe Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintingsand sculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke. The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in thefield of art education.  During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read,understand and write visual language."   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of awebsite, www.vislit.org. In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so.Kennedy has been a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy.Kennedy has expressed an interest inexpanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples. Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy andMary Sibande have been acquired.  In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano.During histenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exportedprior being sold to the museum.  In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), anIndian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015.Hood Museum of ArtKennedy became Director of the Hood Museum ofArt in July 2005. During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bringgreater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions. At 70,000objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus. The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, andIdeologies of the African Body, toured several US venues. Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storagefor classes annually. Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu:Forest of Stone Steles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: IrregularPolygons.PublicationsKennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:Alfred Chester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics,Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990), ISBN978-0-906627-32-7Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0The Anatomy Lesson:Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), National Gallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie),Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers (November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7SeanScully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art(October 2010), ISBN 978-0-944722-39-8Honors and achievementsKennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to AustralianSociety and its art. He is a trustee and treasurer of the Association of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and amember of the International Association of Art Critics. In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at the University of Toledo and received an