Gareth Rogers: Good morning, and welcome to today's meeting of the Children, Young People and Education Committee. Unfortunately, the Chair is unable toattend today, so in accordance with Standing Order 17.22 I call for nominations for a temporary Chair for the duration of today's meeting.Julie Morgan AM: Inominate John Griffiths.Gareth Rogers: Thank you.Darren Millar AM: I'll second that nomination.Gareth Rogers: As there's only one nomination, I declare thatJohn Griffiths has been appointed as temporary Chair. Thank you, John.John Griffiths AM: Okay. Thank you all very much, and item 1 on our agenda today isintroductions, apologies, substitutions and declarations of interest. We've received apologies from Hefin David and Lynne Neagle. There are no substitutions. Arethere any declarations of interest? No. We will move on then to item 2, and our inquiry into the impact of Brexit on higher and further education, and our firstevidence session. I'm very pleased to welcome the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales here today, and Dr David Blaney as chief executive, and BethanOwen, director of institutional engagement. Welcome to you both. Thanks for coming along to give evidence today. If it's okay with you, we'll move straight toquestions, and Julie Morgan.Julie Morgan AM: Good morning. Bore da. I wondered if we could start off with you telling us what evidence you can see that theBrexit process has had any impact on Welsh higher education so far.Dr David Blaney: Can I preface the response by just reminding you that we are, by contractand by role, apolitical, and a lot of the judgments about the impact of Brexit essentially reflect where people sit politically in terms of whether they think it's agood thing or a bad thing? We're not going to go there, obviously, today, so we'll stick to the facts as we can see them, and hopefully we'll be able to help you,but there are areas where we are unable to help. That's part of the reason.John Griffiths AM: We certainly do not expect you to enter the political fray in anyway.Dr David Blaney: Thank you. But even in terms of your assessment of whether this is going to be a good thing or a bad thing, a good impact or a bad impact,some of that inevitably in the end becomes a matter of your politics on it, so we will be as careful as we can be on that. In terms of the impact of Brexit on highereducation, clearly, the significance here is about the contribution that higher education can make to Wales. So, we fund provision; we don't fund providers,technically, although obviously there's not much provision without providers. So, we are interested in the sustainability of higher education providers, butfundamentally the issue is: what does the HE system in Wales do for Wales, and what impact might Brexit have on the capacity of the system to continue todeliver for Wales? So, we know that universities make annually about £5 billion of impact; 50,000 jobs. Of course, in Wales, all of that economic impact is reallyvery significant, and uncertainty about the relationships and the arrangements with Europe is one of the most significant issues confronting universitymanagement at the moment. That has an impact in a number of ways. We can identify at the moment the extent to which the HE sector in Wales is exposed tosources of income that are located from the EU, so EU students, structural funds, and EU research funding, and so on, from the EU. We can identify some of that,but, actually, what happens in the future is much harder to be clear about. We are beginning to see some impact in terms of applications from EU students and I'llask Bethan to share some details on that in a moment. We're also beginning to pick up, only anecdotally, some signs that there are increasing difficulties in theUK sector, and the Welsh sector as part of that, in playing in some of the EU collaborative research activities. And that, I think, just reflects the extent to whichEU partners consider that British partners might be a stable partner as we go through this transition period. We don't have data on that—that's anecdotal—butthere are signs that some of those relationships are beginning to become a little bit more difficult. In terms of the financial impact of that, clearly, if it is acceptedthat the UK is a net contributor to the EU then, presumably, some of the money—we're almost immediately straight into politics if you're not careful—but some ofthe money will be available back to the UK, and the extent to which Wales benefits or not from that returned money is a function of the political relationshipbetween the Welsh Government and Her Majesty's Government. It's not necessarily the case that Wales will always lose out in that relationship, but that willbecome a matter of politics. There's a broader dimension, which is about the economic impact of Brexit on the UK economy and how much tax revenue there isand all of that. I think it's very hard for us to be definitive about how that's going to play out. I think that depends on the deal and how it all unfolds over the nextseveral years. But we can certainly anticipate some turbulence and exactly how that plays for institutions remains to be seen. We can touch later on on the extentto which they are sighted on this and preparing for it. So, in terms of recruitment, Bethan.Bethan Owen: This is based on the UCAS applications and the reportthat was published at the end of June, 30 June. The European Union-domiciled applicants to Wales have decreased by 8 per cent, which contrasts with a 2 percent increase for English institutions, and non-EU—so international students, not from Europe—have also decreased by 9 per cent to Welsh institutions, againcontrasting with a 7 per cent increase in England. So, those are the signs of changes.John Griffiths AM: Okay. Could I then just ask you what you see as the mainpressures on the Welsh higher education sector at the moment?Bethan Owen: The funding position would be the main pressure. The recommendations made bySir Ian Diamond in his review of higher education funding and student finance are in the process of being implemented, and the changes to the student financearrangements will take effect from this September. However, the recommendations for re-establishing funding at Welsh institutions are expected to take quite abit longer. That funding, when it returns to institutions, is intended to re-establish funding for higher cost provision, both full time and part time; reinstate fundingfor innovation; and maintain, at the very least, the research funding in real terms. Universities, in the meantime, are trying to minimise the cost reductions thatthey're making in order to maintain the infrastructure, so that when the funding comes they can get the best value out of it. We have announced our fundingallocations for 2018-19. For the research and teaching grant, though, we are still funding at a lower level—£12.5 million less—then the starting point for theDiamond report, the 2015-16 starting report. But we expect to be able to start introducing funding from 2019-20 to make a start on implementing Diamond. Andit's probably important to note that the Diamond recommendations predated Brexit, therefore the challenges introduced by Brexit are in addition to those that theDiamond report was addressing. The other pressures relate to student recruitment. I mentioned the EU and international students. There is also the start of areduction, both in Welsh-domiciled and English-domiciled applications to Wales. Enrolments are obviously the key important number, which we'll see later. Andthe other pressures include pay and pension costs, not least the issues around the universities superannuation scheme pension fund, where there's potentially asignificant increase in cost. Increased student expectations for modern facilities and infrastructure bring a requirement for capital expenditure and borrowing,which bring their own pressures. And finally, the uncertainty about potential consequences that could arise from the review in England of fees and funding—theAugar review.John Griffiths AM: In terms of European Union students and enrolment, is Wales forecast to do less well than England and, if so, why might thatbe?Bethan Owen: They are not forecasting it. It's very difficult until the enrolments are made, and it's also very hard to see—the data that we see is theUCAS data. Institutions also recruit directly, so until we see the actual recruitment—. I think the arrangements that have changed from 2018-19 also impact onEU students. So, now, they have to find the full fee, whereas previously they were getting the grant in the same way as Welsh students. So, I'm speculating thatthat might be having an impact as well on EU students' appetite to come.John Griffiths AM: Okay. First of all Llyr, then Mark.Llyr Gruffydd AM: Well, that'sstraight into what I was going to ask, really, about what you think the factors are that led to this 8 per cent or 9 per cent drop in EU students applying to study inWales, where we see a 2 per cent increase in England. Is that it, or are there other things that you've taken into account? What's your assessment of the reasonsbehind this?Dr David Blaney: It's very difficult to be definitive about the reasons, but I think there are probably two. The one that Bethan has already indicated,which is the change in student support arrangements for EU students, will have an effect of perturbation. That's probably relatively temporary—let's hope it is—asthat settles down because, actually, the deal for EU students coming into Wales is no worse than that coming into England. Ours would be better because the feelevel is slightly lower, but we do struggle in Wales in terms of the Anglocentric nature of the media and so on. So, getting the messages out is a challenge. Theother dimension is that when you're in a highly competitive recruitment market, you have to do what you can to look attractive. Part of that is about being able toinvest in facilities, and particularly buildings and kit, and the relative levels of investment between Wales and England over quite a long period of time nowprobably have an impact on that. Certainly, anecdotally I know, from my own family, that a lot of the choices have been made in terms of the state of repair ofcampuses and so on. There's something rational about that, isn't there? If you've got a system that is relatively better invested, then you're likely to have abetter student experience because the resources are likely to be better. So, that's not irrational. We saw a sort of similar but opposite effect when the £9,000 feemaximum limit came in, and some institutions, mostly in England—there was one in Wales—chose to pitch their fee levels really quite low, relative to that £9,000,and caught a cold in the student recruitment market because fee levels denote quality in the student mind. So, the price sensitivities work quite differently. So,again, if you've got a relatively better invested part of the system, then that might well be one of the reasons why it looks more attractive.Llyr Gruffydd AM: Thatlatter factor would affect the whole of the cohort, not just the international recruitment, of course.Dr David Blaney: Indeed. Yes, indeed. The implementation ofthe Diamond recommendations is crucial to that because that's re-balancing where the policy of investment goes.John Griffiths AM: Okay. And Mark.MarkReckless AM: If I heard you correctly earlier, you said that the applications from non-EU students were also down by 8 per cent or 9 per cent. So, forgive me a


Grad B: what things to talk about .Grad F: I 'm {disfmarker} What ? Really ? Oh , that 's horrible ! Disincentive !Grad A: OK , we 're recording .Grad F: Hello?Grad B: Check check {pause} check check .Grad D: Uh , yeah .Grad F: Hello ? Which am I ?Professor C: Oh right .Grad B: Alright . Good .Grad F: Channel fi OK .OK . Are you doing something ? OK , then I guess I 'm doing something . So , um , So basically the result of m much thinking since the last time we met , um ,but not as much writing , um , is a sheet that I have a lot of , like , thoughts and justification of comments on but I 'll just pass out as is right now . So , um , here. If you could pass this around ? And there 's two things . And so one on one side is {disfmarker} on one side is a sort of the revised sort of updated semanticspecification .Grad D: Um {disfmarker} The {disfmarker} wait .Grad F: And the other side is , um , sort of a revised construction formalism .Grad E: This is justone sheet , right ?Grad D: Ah ! Just one sheet .Grad F: It 's just one sheet .Grad D: OK .Grad F: It 's just a {disfmarker} Nothing else .Grad D: Front , back .GradF: Um , Enough to go around ? OK . And in some ways it 's {disfmarker} it 's {disfmarker} it 's very similar to {disfmarker} There are very few changes in someways from what we 've , um , uh , b done before but I don't think everyone here has seen all of this . So , uh , I 'm not sure where to begin . Um , as usual thedisclaimers are there are {disfmarker} all these things are {disfmarker} it 's only slightly more stable than it was before .Grad E: Mm - hmm .Grad F: And , um ,after a little bit more discussion and especially like Keith and I {disfmarker} I have more linguistic things to settle in the next few days , um , it 'll probablychange again some more .Grad E: Yeah .Grad F: Um , maybe I will {disfmarker} let 's start b let 's start on number two actually on the notation , um , becausethat 's , I 'm thinking , possibly a little more familiar to , um {disfmarker} to people . OK , so the top block is just sort of a {disfmarker} sort of abstract nota it 'ssort of like , um , listings of the kinds of things that we can have . And certain things that have , um , changed , have changed back to this . There {disfmarker}there 's been a little bit of , um , going back and forth . But basically obviously all constructions have some kind of name . I forgot to include that you could havea type included in this line .Professor C: What I was gonna {disfmarker} Right .Grad F: So something like , um {disfmarker} Well , there 's an example{disfmarker} the textual example at the end has clausal construction . So , um , just to show it doesn't have to be beautiful It could be , you know , simple oldtext as well . Um , there are a couple of {disfmarker} Uh , these three have various ways of doing certain things . So I 'll just try to go through them . So theycould all have a type at the beginning . Um , and then they say the key word constructionProfessor C: Oh , I see .Grad F: and they have some name .Professor C:So {disfmarker} so the current syntax is if it s if there 's a type it 's before constructGrad F: Yeah , right .Professor C: OK , that 's fine .Grad F: OK , and then ithas a block that is constituents . And as usual I guess all the constructions her all the examples here have only , um , tsk {comment} one type of constituent ,that is a constructional constituent . I think that 's actually gonna turn out to m be certainly the most common kind . But in general instead of the word "construct " , th here you might have " meaning " or " form " as well . OK ? So if there 's some element that doesn't {disfmarker} that isn't yet constructional inthe sense that it maps form and meaning . OK , um , the main change with the constructs which {disfmarker} each of which has , um , the key word " construct "and then some name , and then some type specification , is that it 's {disfmarker} it 's pro it 's often {disfmarker} sometimes the case in the first case here thatyou know what kind of construction it is . So for example whatever I have here is gonna be a form of the word " throw " , or it 's gonna be a form of the word ,you know , I don't know , " happy " , or something like that . Or , you know , some it 'll be a specific word or maybe you 'll have the type . You 'll say " I need a puh spatial relation phrase here " or " I need a directional specifier here " . So - uh you could have a j a actual type here . Um , or you could just say in the secondcase that you only know the meaning type . So a very common example of this is that , you know , in directed motion , the first person to do something should bean agent of some kind , often a human . Right ? So if I {disfmarker} you know , the um , uh , run down the street then I {disfmarker} I {disfmarker} I run downthe street , it 's typed , uh , " I " , meaning category is what 's there . The {disfmarker} the new kind is this one that is sort of a pair and , um , sort of skippingfonts and whatever . The idea is that sometimes there are , um , general constructions that you know , that you 're going to need . It 's {disfmarker} it 's theequivalent of a noun phrase or a prepositional phrase , or something like that there .Grad E: Mm - hmm .Grad F: And usually it has formal um , considerationsthat will go along with it .Professor C: Mm - hmm .Grad F: And then uh , you might know something much more specific depending on what construction you 'retalking about , about what meaning {disfmarker} what specific meaning you want . So the example again at the bottom , which is directed motion , you mightneed a nominal expression to take the place of , you know , um , " the big th " , you you know , " the big {disfmarker} the tall dark man " , you know , " walkedinto the room " .Grad E: Mm - hmm .Grad F: But because of the nature of this particular construction you know not just that it 's nominal of some kind but inparticular , that it 's some kind of animate nominal , and which will apply just as well to like , you know , a per you know , a simple proper noun or to somecomplicated expression . Um , so I don't know if the syntax will hold but something that gives you a way to do both constructional and meaning types . So . OK ,then I don't think the , {comment} um {disfmarker} at least {disfmarker} Yeah . {comment} None of these examples have anything different for formalconstraints ? But you can refer to any of the , um , sort of available elements and scope , right ? which here are the constructs , {comment} to say somethingabout the relation . And I think i if you not if you compare like the top block and the textual block , um , we dropped like the little F subscript . The F subscriptsrefer to the " form " piece of the construct .Professor C: Good .Grad F: And I think that , um , in general it 'll be unambiguous . Like if you were giving a formalconstraint then you 're referring to the formal pole of that . So {disfmarker} so by saying {disfmarker} if I just said " Name one " then that means name oneformal and we 're talking about formal struc {comment} Which {disfmarker} which makes sense . Uh , there are certain times when we 'll have an exception tothat , in which case you could just indicate " here I mean the meaningful for some reason " . Right ? Or {disfmarker} Actually it 's more often that , only to handlethis one special case of , you know , " George and Jerry walk into the room in that order " .Grad E: Mm - hmm .Grad F: So we have a few funny things wheresomething in the meaning might refer to something in the form . But {disfmarker} but s we 're not gonna really worry about that for right now and there are wayWe can be more specific if we have to later on . OK , and so in terms of the {disfmarker} the relations , you know , as usual they 're before and ends . I shouldhave put an example in of something that isn't an interval relation but in form you might also have a value binding . You know , you could say that , um , youknow , " name - one dot " , t you know , " number equals " , you know , a plural or something like that .Grad E: Mm - hmm .Grad F: There are certain things thatare attribute - value , similar to the bindings below but I mean they 're just {disfmarker} us usually they 're going to be value {disfmarker} value fillers , right ?OK , and then again semantic constraints here are just {disfmarker} are just bindings . There was talk of changing the name of that . And Johno and I{disfmarker} I {disfmarker} you {disfmarker} you and I can like fight about that if you like ? but about changing it to " semantic {pause} n effects " , which Ithought was a little bit too order - biasedGrad B: Well {disfmarker} ThGrad F: and " semantic bindings " , which I thought might be too restrictive in case wedon't have only bindings . And so it was an issue whether constraints {disfmarker} um , there were some linguists who reacted against " constraints " , saying , "oh , if it 's not used for matching , then it shouldn't be called a constraint " . But I think we want to be uncommitted about whether it 's used for matching or not .Right ? Cuz there are {disfmarker} I think we thought of some situations where it would be useful to use whatever the c bindings are , for actual , you know , sortof like modified constraining purposes .Professor C: Well , you definitely want to de - couple the formalism from the parsing strategy . So that whether or not it 'sused for matching or only for verification , I {disfmarker}Grad E: Yeah .Grad F: Yeah , yeah . It 's used shouldn't matter , right ? Mm - hmm .Professor C: s Forsure . I mean , I don't know what , uh , term we want to useGrad F: Mm - hmm .Professor C: but we don't want to {disfmarker}Grad F: Yeah , uh , there was onetime when {disfmarker} when Hans explained why " constraints " was a misleading word for him .Professor C: Yep .Grad F: And I think the reason that he gavewas similar to the reason why Johno thought it was a misleading term , which was just an interesting coincidence . Um , but , uh {disfmarker} And so I was like ," OK , well both of you don't like it ?Professor C: It 's g it 's gone .Grad F: Fine , we can change it " . But I {disfmarker} I {disfmarker} I 'm starting to like itagain .Grad B: But {disfmarker}Grad F: So that that 's why {disfmarker} {comment} That 's why I 'll stick with it .Grad A: Well , you know what ?Grad F: So{disfmarker}Grad A: If you have an " if - then " phrase , do you know what the " then " phrase is called ?Professor C: ThGrad F: What ? Con - uh , a consequent?Grad A: Yeah .Grad F: Yeah , but it 's not an " if - then " .Grad A: No , but {disfmarker}Professor C: I know . Anyway , so the other {disfmarker} the otherstrategy you guys could consider is when you don't know what word to put , you could put no word ,Grad F: Mm - hmm .Professor C: just meaning . OK ? And thethen let {disfmarker}Grad E: Yeah .Grad F: Yeah , that 's true .Grad B: So that 's why you put semantic constraints up top and meaning bindings down{disfmarker} down here ?Grad F: Oh , oops ! No . That was just a mistake of cut and paste from when I was going with it .Grad B: OK .Professor C: OK .Grad F:So , I 'm sorry . I didn't mean {disfmarker} that one 's an in unintentional .Grad B: So this should be semantic and {disfmarker}Grad F: Sometimes I 'mintentionally inconsistentGrad B: Grad F: cuz I 'm not sure yet . Here , I actually {disfmarker} it was just a mistake .Grad B: Th - so this definitely should be "semantic constraints " down at the bottom ?Grad E: Sure .Grad F: Yeah .Grad B: OK .Grad F: Well , unless I go with " meaning " but i I mean , I kind of like "


Project Manager: Okay , good morning . This is our first team meeting .User Interface: Good day .Marketing: Morning .Industrial Designer: Morning .ProjectManager: I'll be your Project Manager for today , for this project . My name is Mark {gap} will be giving this presentation for you to kick the project off .{vocalsound} That's my uh that's the agenda for today . Well , of course we're new to each other , so I'd like to get acquainted first . So let's do that first , I mean{disfmarker} Let's start with you , can you introduce yourself ? You're our Marketing Expert .Marketing: Yes . {vocalsound} Um my name is Dirk , Dirk Meinfeld .Um I will be uh {gap} Pr Project {disfmarker} the Marketing Expert . And I will see what the user wants and uh what we can do uh with the new produ project{disfmarker} product . {vocalsound}Project Manager: Okay , excellent . And you are User Interface {disfmarker}User Interface: Nick Broer ,Project Manager:Yeah .User Interface: User Interface Designer . I'm going to uh look at the technical design from the uh user point of view .Project Manager: Excellent . Okay.Industrial Designer: My name is Xavier Juergens , I'm the Industrial Designer , and there are three main questions that I have to find an answer to today . Firstone is uh what happens inside the apparatus , second is what is uh the apparatus made of ,Marketing: Hmm .Industrial Designer: and the third is what should itlook like .Project Manager: What should it look like ? Okay .Marketing: Hmm .Project Manager: Oh , let's kick it off . Oh , there we go . So , our new project isabout {disfmarker} we need design a remote control for television set , so , which has to be original , trendy and user-friendly . I took this off our corporatewebsite . {disfmarker} I think well it sums up what we need to do . It's We're inspired by latest fashion , not only electronics , but also the latest trends in clothesand interior design . That's why our product will always fit in your home . So apparently we need to {vocalsound} um be very at um very open to what's currentlyhot in the market . So that's what you need to do to bring us the latest info and what people want .Marketing: Yeah . Yeah .Project Manager: So {disfmarker} Sowe put the fashion in electronics . So that's what we need to go for . Anyway , we'll take this project in three steps , three pha uh three phase of design . Firststep will be the functional design .Marketing: Yeah .Project Manager: And that's basically what we're gonna do . Everybody has uh a piece of individual work and ameeting afterwards , so we can share information about {disfmarker} So I'm gonna keep this short , since we had a technical problem . So skip through this . Uh. Okay . Every meeting we {disfmarker} everybody can present their uh their views and everything , so to help with these , you have {disfmarker} we have theSMARTboards here . We can use a regular PowerPoint presentation . I'm supposed to give you an introduction on this doodling board , so it's {disfmarker}actually it's very easy . Like it says , very simple , you just take out the pen . Like you see here , I'll just take the {disfmarker} take {gap} here . That's it , youjust put it on the board . You see a pen here . You go here , just like using a pen . You can just draw whatever you want . It's like the eraser , can erase whateveryou want . And so it will be easy just to illustrate your views , if you wanna change the format , you just {vocalsound} either take out jus just like the pen , andwhatever you want , your current colour , your line width , just to make the line bigger . So it should be really easy .Marketing: Okay .Project Manager: This is totake the {disfmarker} just take a new slide and back again . We're just gonna keep using this board all the time , so I think it will be {disfmarker} it's very clearfor everyone , I suppose . So I'll take this out . {vocalsound} Okay . We'll use that later . Anyway . Yeah , just just just stuff that you wanna share , just put it inthe in the project folder , like I put my presentation now . I'll put the the minutes of every meeting , I'll put them there too , so everybody can read up if theyhave to leave early or whatever . So next , been here . {vocalsound} Well , {gap} gonna give the electronic white-board uh a shot . So basic idea is we have ablank sheet . Just try whatever you want , and like it says , draw your favourite animal . I think the creative genius should go first . {vocalsound}User Interface:{vocalsound} The creative genius ?Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound}User Interface: Thank you very much .Project Manager: So , drawus your favourite animal .User Interface: {vocalsound} Well , I'm more into the technical aspects of drawing ,Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}User Interface: soI'm not really good at drawing animals ,Project Manager: Draw us a technical animal .User Interface: but uh the animal which I {gap} {disfmarker} Oh .ProjectManager: Yeah , it's still erasing .User Interface: {vocalsound} Pen .Marketing: {vocalsound}User Interface: Uh format . Else my animal will be like king-size . Ipretty much like {vocalsound} a dolphin , because of its uh its freedom basically . Let's see . A head . {gap} actually worked with this . It's like uh it's a very{disfmarker} Uh high-tech .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound}User Interface: Bit low-responsive though .Project Manager:{vocalsound} So that's what we don't want .User Interface: Prefer pen and paper .Project Manager: We want a high-responsive product . So {disfmarker} Itlooks more like nuclear bomb .Marketing: {vocalsound} Very nice dolphin .User Interface: It {vocalsound} {vocalsound} doesn't look like a nuclear bomb.Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} {vocalsound}Project Manager: {vocalsound}User Interface: This thing isn't doing what I'm {disfmarker} What I want.Marketing: {vocalsound}Project Manager: Let's go easy on it .User Interface: So {disfmarker} {vocalsound} Yeah , well it does look like a nuclear bomb .ProjectManager: {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound}User Interface: I'll just finish up real soon , because I'm {disfmarker}Marketing: {vocalsound}User Interface: Soit doesn't really look like a dolphin ,Project Manager: {vocalsound} Anyway ,User Interface: but then again , this is all new for me .Project Manager: it should{disfmarker} It {disfmarker} It's supposed to be a dolphin , you like the freedom that it {disfmarker} that it represents .Industrial Designer: Uh-huh .UserInterface: Like the ocean , like swimming . Do that in my spare time , so that's basically an {disfmarker}Project Manager: What do you like ? Okay . Well ,UserInterface: Now we can forget this ever happened .Project Manager: our Marketing Expert . Show us an animal .Marketing: Um an animal .Project Manager: {gap}Pick a {disfmarker} pick a {disfmarker}Marketing: I like the elephant . {vocalsound}Project Manager: pick a clean sheet . Oh . Take a clean sheet first.Marketing: What ? Yeah . Um {disfmarker}Project Manager: Just press next . That's it .Marketing: Oh yeah . Oh , a blank . Okay , next . Free , I like the elephant. It's big , it's strong , so uh uh {disfmarker} Oh , it's a little bit {disfmarker}User Interface: It's not really that responsive , no . {vocalsound}Marketing: Youhave to hold it , right ?Project Manager: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: Mm .Marketing: Hmm .Project Manager: {vocalsound}Marketing: {gap} It's a beautifulanimal .Project Manager: {vocalsound}Marketing: Oh , you have to p press it pretty hard . With a smile on it ,Project Manager: {vocalsound} It's a cute elephant.User Interface: {vocalsound}Marketing: it's very important . Yeah .Project Manager: {vocalsound}Marketing: And uh not to forget its tail . Oh .Project Manager:It's a nice beard .Marketing: Yeah , it's okay . Yes . {vocalsound}Project Manager: {vocalsound}User Interface: And you was making comments on my dolphin .{vocalsound}Project Manager: {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound} I will beat the dolphin . {vocalsound} No .Project Manager: Okay , so it's just a bee.Marketing: Yeah .Project Manager: So I suggest you make us the elephant in the market . The big and strong player in the market . This would be good.Marketing: Yeah . Yeah .Project Manager: Okay , excellent . On to the next one .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} Okay .Marketing: Uh yeah .IndustrialDesigner: Okay , you should press next .Marketing: {vocalsound} Yeah .Project Manager: Press next . Yeah , it's up there .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Okay .Project Manager: That's it .Industrial Designer: Okay , well the animal I'd like to draw is a tiger .Project Manager: {vocalsound}User Interface: You pickeda hard one , didn't you ? {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: My drawing skills are really bad , so .Marketing: Experience with the tiger .Project Manager:{vocalsound}Marketing: What ? They are {disfmarker}Industrial Designer: They are really bad , my drawing skills .Project Manager: {vocalsound}Marketing:Okay uh-huh .Project Manager: Sure looks smooth .Marketing: Oh .Industrial Designer: I'm not sure how the legs should go , but {disfmarker}Project Manager:{vocalsound}Industrial Designer: Uh these are stripes .User Interface: Got it . {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: I've picked this animal because it's very fast . Itis uh it knows exactly what it wants . Uh it hardly ever wastes any resources .Project Manager: What does it want ?Industrial Designer: Uh well , basically uh ithunts for prey , but it does it always in a very well-thought way . Uh it knows exactly what it wants . It never kills an animal uh just for the killing , so it's veryefficient . And it tries to do everything as fast as possible .Project Manager: Okay .Industrial Designer: And it always goes for uh security , in seeking uh uh a hidespot and uh and doing everything ,Marketing: Mm .Industrial Designer: security , speed and efficiency is important . And I think uh those things we can use.Project Manager: I agree .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Marketing: Okay .Project Manager: , I'm supposed to draw the animal next . Yay I introduce to theworld the amazing ant .User Interface: {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound} Uh hard worker .Project Manager: Great team-workers .User Interface:{vocalsound}Industrial Designer: Yeah .Marketing: Yeah .Project Manager: Do everything to Uh really small , but together they're really strong . So I'm gonnagive it a smiley face .Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} Oh .Marketing: Yeah , yeah .Project Manager: Not sure where the p {gap} . Just put 'em here . Whatever. {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound}Project Manager: Think it need shoes . So {disfmarker}Marketing: {vocalsound}Project Manager: {vocalsound} I'm justtoo lazy to draw it all black , so {disfmarker} {vocalsound} That's the coolest ant ever .User Interface: You've done this before , haven't you ?{vocalsound}Industrial Designer: {vocalsound}Project Manager: I love to draw ants . It's my hobby .Marketing: {vocalsound}Project Manager: Anyway{disfmarker} Nah . {vocalsound} Just {disfmarker} I think it's very representative what we drew , I guess . Like you take {disfmarker} just take your freedomand use a a trendy interface that you design for us .Marketing: Yeah .Project Manager: Just {disfmarker} Yeah . You're supposed to make i make it different fromuh from what other people have , and just make it a little distinct . Anyway . {gap} another beep to stop the meeting . See . Warning . Finish meeting now . Uh


Project Manager: Okay . Hi everybody and welcome to our kick-off meeting um for our new product that we're gonna be designing . Um I'm Mandy and I'm theProject Manager . And I know all your names again , Courtney , Fenella and Amber .Marketing: Yep .Project Manager: Alright . Okay ,Industrial Designer: Yep.Project Manager: so first let's go through this PowerPoint . I wonder what button I press ?User Interface: Just do it on the {gap} arrow .Industrial Designer:{gap}Project Manager: Yeah , or how about I just click ? Okay , here is our agenda for this meeting . Um we're gonna start with our opening which was ourintroductions . {vocalsound} We're gonna get to know each other a little bit better . Um tool training , we're going to , I guess , figure out what to do on thisproject with our individual roles . Um we're gonna make a project plan and then have some time for discussion and close up the meeting . Okay , here is ourproject . We're gonna make a new remote control that's um original , trendy and also user-friendly . And how we are going to do it is each of us is going to um{disfmarker} We're gonna have {disfmarker} discuss the functional design first , {vocalsound} how is it gonna be used , what's the actual goal here , it has tooperate T_V_ , blah blah blah . And we're going to do individual work on that and then meet . Same thing with conceptual design . Just the basic overview of theproject and then we're going to do individual work , meet . That's pretty much the the whole process for today . And then the detailed design , just more in-depth, get the actual schematics of the remote . Okay . Alright . First we're gonna start off by using our tools . And the whiteboard thing , do you guys wanna give thata try even though the ink wasn't working or do you wanna do it on here .Industrial Designer: I think we should forgo the whiteboard since we can't actually seewhat we're writing .Marketing: We could {disfmarker} Yeah , we could on here .Project Manager: Alright , let's go forward then .User Interface:{vocalsound}Project Manager: Um right now so we're all gonna draw our favourite animal and then sum up our favourite characteristics of that animal . Even ifyou are not a good drawer like me .User Interface: {vocalsound}Project Manager: {vocalsound} Alright .Industrial Designer: Artistic skills , nil .User Interface:Fine .Project Manager: Um .User Interface: {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound} Oh , thanks . {vocalsound}Project Manager: Bless you .Industrial Designer:{vocalsound}Project Manager: {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} I draw like I'm in grade five .Project Manager:{vocalsound} Oh do I .User Interface: {vocalsound}Project Manager: {vocalsound} 'Kay , about one more minute . {vocalsound} Okay .Marketing:{vocalsound}Project Manager: Okay . And who would like to start us off ?Marketing: I'll go .Project Manager: Alright .Marketing: {vocalsound} Um this is mypicture . I drew fish {disfmarker} {vocalsound} I like fish , because uh , you know , their whole water-vascular system thing .User Interface:{vocalsound}Marketing: It's pretty cool , and um they've got a pretty good habitat and they are pretty sometimes , sometimes vicious but that's okay .ProjectManager: {vocalsound} Only if they're piranhas .Marketing: Yeah .User Interface: {vocalsound}Marketing: Yeah , they they're easy , you know .Project Manager:Alright .Marketing: Yeah .Project Manager: Who wants to go next ?Industrial Designer: I'll go .User Interface: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: I drew a kitty .It's pretty much impossible to tell that's a cat , but I love cats .Marketing: No I I see it .Project Manager: No , it looks like a cat .User Interface: No , I kne I knew.Marketing: Yeah , it does look like a cat .Industrial Designer: I love cats because they're independent , uh they pretty much know what they want , they get it ,they move on . {vocalsound}Project Manager: I love cats , too . I'm a cat person .User Interface: Yeah .Marketing: I'm allergic to cats .Project Manager: Uh.Industrial Designer: I'm allergic to cats , too . {vocalsound}User Interface: Ah .Marketing: {vocalsound} Oh , okay . {vocalsound}Project Manager: If you'rearound one {disfmarker}User Interface: In my next life .Project Manager: I had a roommate who was um allergic , but if she was around my cat forever shebecame used to it , you know ,Marketing: Yeah , yeah , if you're around them for a long period of time {disfmarker}Project Manager: it's weird . Okay .{vocalsound}Industrial Designer: I still can't sleep with them in my room .Marketing: Oh , yeah , this summer I , oh I had to live with cats . It was crazy .ProjectManager: Okay , Fenella ?Marketing: Yeah .User Interface: Um , I drew a badger . {vocalsound}Project Manager: Badger . Good choice .Industrial Designer: Yay.Marketing: Cool . {vocalsound}User Interface: {vocalsound} Well , yeah .Project Manager: Why a badger ?User Interface: {vocalsound} Uh I dunno , they'regrumpy and nocturnal and {vocalsound} {gap}Marketing: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: {vocalsound} Are you trying to suggest something ?ProjectManager: {vocalsound}User Interface: Well , a little bit like the {disfmarker} Yes . Um . {vocalsound} And then , if you know Wind in the Willows {gap} badger.Marketing: Oh , okay .User Interface: Yeah and then uh I don't know if you know Brian {gap} . He's Liverpudlian writer .Project Manager: Alright .User Interface:Um {gap} , that kind of books . Badgers are cool in that one too . {vocalsound}Project Manager: Okay . And I'm last . 'Kay . Look at my sad sad giraffe.Marketing: No , that's good .Project Manager: No , no , no , it ends up looking like some kind of a dinosaur , but whatever . I don't know even much aboutgiraffes , but I just love the way they look . They're just such odd creatures , you know . I I like that they're so unique and individual , I guess . I don't knowmuch about their behaviour or anything , though . Only seen a couple in zoos .Marketing: You don't really have to , I mean , if you like 'em {disfmarker}ProjectManager: Yeah , but you can appreciate the way they look . Okay . Alright . Guess we're getting straight back into business here .User Interface: {gap}ProjectManager: Um the selling price for our remote is going to be twenty-five Euro , and our profit aim is fifty million Euro . We're going to make this an internationalproduct marketed in the States , in Europe , in Asia . And um our production cost to make that profit is gonna be a max of twelve fifty Euro per remote . Okay .So we're gonna talk for a little while . Um here are some topics that we might be able to discuss . Expe our experiences with remote controls um , our first ideasabout this new remote , anything that you can bring to the table for this project . So .User Interface: Now ?Project Manager: Yeah . You wanna start us off ?Anybody have anything to offer ?User Interface: {vocalsound}Industrial Designer: Well , we wanna make a multifunctional remote , right ?Project Manager: Right.Industrial Designer: One remote for everything .User Interface: And everything being {disfmarker} Wait , we have what , sound system , T_V_ , D_V_D_ ,V_H_S_ , uh TiVo ?Marketing: Right .Industrial Designer: Um . I think they'll be phasing V_H_S_ out shortly .Marketing: Yeah , TiVo .Project Manager: TiVo .UserInterface: But it's still there , soIndustrial Designer: Okay .User Interface: if po if we're gonna do it {disfmarker}Marketing: It needs to be compatible 'causeuniversal remote controls are never universal .Project Manager: They're never universal . That's right . Esp e especially if you buy a a not big product , D_V_D_player , say , usually it doesn't work if it's not one of the {disfmarker}User Interface: Or if it's not like a Sony , if it's like a {disfmarker} I don't know .ProjectManager: Yeah . Yeah . Something from Sam's club .Industrial Designer: So we'll have to figure it how to cover all the different variances in signals .ProjectManager: Yeah .Marketing: And what we need an insanely good instruction booklet , because you always have to reconfigure all your contraptions to go with theremote anyways .Project Manager: Yeah . 'Kay , and um another thing that I think is important is the d the design of the product , how it feels in your hand . Ifit's just flat and kind of boring th those don't {disfmarker} Nobody wants to buy those any more . They want the ergonomic ones .Marketing: They want like theflashy lights .Project Manager: Yeah .Marketing: Oh like this came from Las Vegas .Project Manager: Ones that ones that look high-tech , too .User Interface: Butat the same time are simple .Project Manager: Right .Marketing: Mm yeah .Project Manager: So that people like my mother can use it .Industrial Designer: Whatabout something with the curvature like that matches the curvature of a hand ?Project Manager: Yeah .User Interface: {vocalsound}Project Manager: 'Kay .Anybody have any experiences with remote controls that they can remember that {disfmarker}User Interface: Just bad ones . {vocalsound}Project Manager:Yeah {gap} . {vocalsound} That's true .User Interface: Um .Industrial Designer: What kinda battery would we want to use ? Because battery changing is usually{disfmarker}User Interface: D Double A_ .Marketing: Double A_ .Industrial Designer: Okay .Project Manager: Do some of them use triple A_s though ?Marketing:Yeah some use triple A_s .Project Manager: Okay .User Interface: Some but {disfmarker}Marketing: So double or triple ?User Interface: Yeah , I guess then it's{disfmarker} If we need to do triple A_ we can , but most people usually have double A_s around .Project Manager: Okay . Yeah . But that has to do with the sizeof it too . Well , w as long as we know that issue is {disfmarker}Industrial Designer: Yeah .User Interface: Right .Project Manager: Here we can{disfmarker}Marketing: Yeah , if we want it to be more thin , then we'd probably wanna go with a triple A_ .Project Manager: Triple A . ButIndustrial Designer:Can you {gap} with a small lithium battery ?Project Manager: it's okay , we don't have to decide about it now , just as long as we remember battery type and sizeis important .User Interface: {vocalsound}Project Manager: Hey . Anything else ? Alright . Moving along . Oh , we're closing the meeting . Next meeting is gonnastart in thirty minutes . Here's what we're going to do . Um the I_D_ , which is who ? Okay , you're going to think about the working design . What do you thinkthat means ? {vocalsound}Marketing: {vocalsound}Project Manager: Okay . And U_I_D_ , the technical fun functions design ,User Interface: Mm-hmm .ProjectManager: making sure it does everything that we need the remote to do , the functionality of it , operating all those different things . Okay . And the marketingperson , that's Courtney , is going to do the user requirements specification . I guess that means specifying um what exactly the user is going to be looking for .Right ? I would think so . Okay .Marketing: Right .Project Manager: And you're gonna get more specific instructions emailed to you in just a little while . Okay , sodoes anybody have anything they wanna say before we close the meeting ? Okay . This meeting is officially over .