---
tags:
  - methane
  - sentinel-2
  - image-segmentation
license: cc-by-nc-4.0
---

# MethaneS2CM – Plume Masks Only (Derived Dataset)

This dataset is a **plume-mask-only** derivative of  
[H1deaki/S2CM_RAW](https://huggingface.co/datasets/H1deaki/S2CM_RAW).  

It contains the methane plume segmentation masks (`plume.tif`) without redistributing the Sentinel-2 imagery (`s2.tif`, `s2_pre.tif`, `s2_pre_pre.tif`).  
The goal is to provide a compact (~2 GB) resource focused on plume labels for users who already have access to Sentinel-2 data or who want to combine these masks with their own imagery.

---

## 1. Origin and Relationship to MethaneS2CM

The original **MethaneS2CM** dataset is a large-scale benchmark for methane emission detection from Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery, built from real plume annotations from CarbonMapper and co-located Sentinel-2 observations.  

Each sample in MethaneS2CM includes:
- Sentinel-2 imagery at three time points: leak day (T), T-90, and T-365, and  
- a corresponding plume mask and plume label.

This derived dataset:

- Keeps only the **plume masks** (`plume.tif`),  
- Preserves the original indexing / IDs where applicable (so that users can cross-reference with the full MethaneS2CM dataset),  
- Does **not** include any Sentinel-2 pixel data.

For full details on the construction and intended use of the original dataset, please refer to:

- Original dataset: [H1deaki/S2CM_RAW](https://huggingface.co/datasets/H1deaki/S2CM_RAW)  
- Paper: “MethaneS2CM: A Dataset for Multispectral Deep Methane Emission Detection” (KDD 2025).  

---

## 2. Data Contents

### 2.1 File structure

The repository contains only plume masks, stored as GeoTIFFs (`plume.tif`).  
A typical directory layout is:

```text
.
├── README.md
└── plumes/
    ├── ang20160915t180022-B_0/plume.tif
    ├── GAO20210731t175256p0000-B_1/plume.tif
    ├── emi20220827t060753p04013-C_0/plume.tif
    └── ...
```

Each `plume.tif` is a raster mask with:

- Single channel (binary):  
  - `1` (or 255) = plume pixels  
  - `0` = non-plume pixels  
- Spatial reference / georeferencing inherited from the original Sentinel-2 product used in MethaneS2CM (e.g. UTM/WGS84).

> Note: The exact folder structure and naming convention may differ; check this README and the repository tree for the final, authoritative layout.

### 2.2 Coordinate system and resolution

Plume masks are aligned with the original MethaneS2CM Sentinel-2 patches:

- Pixel size: 20 m (Sentinel-2 SWIR resolution),  
- Projection: the same as in MethaneS2CM (UTM zone corresponding to the plume location, WGS84 ellipsoid).  

This ensures that users can:

- Directly overlay these plume masks on Sentinel-2 imagery downloaded from Copernicus / Google Earth Engine, or  
- Combine them with the original MethaneS2CM dataset.

---

## 3. Intended Use

This plume-only dataset is suitable for:

- Training and evaluating **segmentation** models for methane plume detection when you supply your own input imagery,  
- Using the masks as labels while:
  - Redownloading Sentinel-2 data from the official sources, or  
  - Using Sentinel-2 data from the original MethaneS2CM dataset (if you also have a local copy),  
- Performing analyses that focus on:
  - Plume shape and morphology,  
  - Spatial statistics,  
  - Label quality and uncertainty, independently of a specific input feature set.

If you require:

- Full Sentinel-2 inputs (T, T-90, T-365) and  
- The predefined dataset splits and Parquet metadata,  

please use the original dataset: [H1deaki/S2CM_RAW](https://huggingface.co/datasets/H1deaki/S2CM_RAW).  

---


## 4. Citation

If you use this dataset in your work, **please cite the original MethaneS2CM paper**, as this dataset is entirely derived from it:

```bibtex
@inproceedings{liu2025methanes2cm,
  title        = {MethaneS2CM: A Dataset for Multispectral Deep Methane Emission Detection},
  author       = {Liu, Hongxuan and Leung, Juliana Y and Niu, Di},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V. 2},
  pages        = {5640--5651},
  year         = {2025}
}
```

Additionally, you may optionally reference this derived dataset as:

```bibtex
@misc{methanes2cm_plume_only,
  title        = {MethaneS2CM – Plume Masks Only (Derived Dataset)},
  author       = {<Your Name>},
  howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/Lucab95/MethaneS2CM_plume_only}},
  year         = {2025},
  note         = {Derived from H1deaki/S2CM_RAW under CC-BY-NC 4.0}
}
```

Please replace `<Your Name>` and `<yourname>` with your actual information.

---

## 5. License

The original **MethaneS2CM** dataset is released under the **CC-BY-NC 4.0** license.

This derived plume-only dataset is therefore also distributed under:

> **License:** CC-BY-NC 4.0 (Attribution–NonCommercial)

Key points (informal, not legal advice):

- **Attribution (BY):**  
  You must credit:
  - the MethaneS2CM authors (Liu, Leung, Niu) and  
  - this derived dataset (if used explicitly),
  and retain references to the original dataset and this repository where appropriate.

- **NonCommercial (NC):**  
  You may not use this dataset or derivatives of it for **commercial purposes** without obtaining separate permission from the rights holders.

For the full legal text, see the [CC-BY-NC 4.0 license](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

---

## 6. Acknowledgments

This dataset is a derivative work of:

- MethaneS2CM: [H1deaki/S2CM_RAW](https://huggingface.co/datasets/H1deaki/S2CM_RAW).  

We acknowledge:

- The **European Space Agency (ESA)** for providing Sentinel-2 data, and  
- The **CarbonMapper** initiative for plume annotations and their open data efforts,  

following the acknowledgments of the original MethaneS2CM dataset.