[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] COVID-19 in infants symptoms

The patient presented with a maculopapular erythematous rash on the trunk and upper limbs. Generalized swelling and edema in the hands and feet, cracked lips, a tongue erythema, bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis developed three days prior to admission.


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[User] COVID-19 infection symptoms during pregnancy

The patient was admitted to the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province on February 8, 2020 due to regular uterine contractions. She was in her 37th week of pregnancy and had no signs or symptoms of COVID-19 infection apart from lower abdominal pain.


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[User] COVID-19 infection treatment

The patient was treated with drugs, oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation, spontaneous prone positioning, and early mobilization.


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[User] COVID-19 lung injury treatment plan

The patient received 6 mg of dexamethasone for 10 days then was tapered from 0.5 mg to 0 mg over the course of an additional 12 days to control lung injury from COVID-19.


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[User] COVID-19 patient mechanical ventilation protocol

On the sixth day post admission, the patient required mechanical ventilation due to respiratory distress and a drop in oxygen saturation (SaO2).


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[User] COVID-19 pericarditis symptoms

The patient was admitted with chest pain and shortness of breath after testing positive for COVID-19. Five days later, the patient returned with progressively worsening chest pain and exertional dyspnea.


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[User] COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosis

The patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 and Legionella pneumonia after positive nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19 RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and urinary legionella antigen.


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[User] COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosis methods

A nasopharyngeal swab was positive for SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR assay, confirming the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia.


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[User] COVID-19 pneumonia patient symptoms

The 72-year-old male patient was transferred to our hospital due to severe hypoxia and hypercapnia caused by COVID-19 infection. Chest X-ray revealed diffuse ground-glass opacities in the left middle and both lower lobes.


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[User] COVID-19 pneumonia symptoms

The patient presented with complaints of fever, cough, fatigue, myalgia, diarrhea, headache, and dizziness for 2 weeks.


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[User] COVID-19 pneumonia symptoms and diabetic ketoacidosis

The patient presented with fatigue, cough, and pre-syncope. On presentation, the patient was found to have metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, high anion gap, and mild bilateral patchy airspace opacities compatible with COVID-19 pneumonia.


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[User] COVID-19 pneumonia treatment

The patient was treated in the airborne-isolation ward and later in the ICU isolation ward. Upon discharge, the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 with pneumonia and diabetes. The patient was not prescribed any medications upon discharge.


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[User] COVID-19 pneumonia treatment options

The patient was treated with a combination of Azithromycin, Lopinavir/ritonavir, Hydroxychloroquine, and Interferon. Despite this treatment, he continued to experience complications, and his respiratory condition worsened.


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[User] COVID-19 pneumonia treatment plan

The patient was administered hydroxychloroquine followed by azithromycin for COVID-19 pneumonia treatment.


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[User] COVID-19 pneumonia treatment protocols

The patient was treated with CTX and methylprednisolone, which resulted in an immediate improvement in his respiratory symptoms and blood gas exchanges.


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[User] COVID-19 pneumonia treatment with TCZ

The patient was given a single intravenous (IV) dose of 400 mg TCZ and IV methylprednisone 60 mg daily for 3 days during her stay in the ICU.


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[User] COVID-19 radiological manifestation

The typical radiological manifestation of COVID-19 infection began to appear in the whole lung. Chest CT images showed a small solitary ground-glass nodule.


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[User] COVID-19 symptoms

The patient presented to the emergency department with non-bloody diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and right-sided abdominal pain radiating to her back for a week. She also reported having mild headaches but denied any cough or upper respiratory tract infection symptoms.


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[User] COVID-19 symptoms in elderly patients

The patient, a 52-year-old female, presented to the emergency department with a cough and dyspnea on exertion. She had been experiencing these symptoms for a week and had also experienced dry cough, diarrhea, and myalgia in the past three days.


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[User] COVID-19 symptoms to watch out for in this patient

The patient is advised to seek medical attention if they experience any COVID-19 related symptoms, such as fever, cough, and dyspnea.


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[User] COVID-19 testing for patients with flu-like symptoms

At the time of the hospital admission, in Italy, the COVID-19 pandemic was still in its infancy, and the molecular swabs for SARS-CoV-2 were not available. However, a later medical report based on the hospital medical records showed an image compatible with SARS-CoV-2 infection, as suggested by chest X-ray results.


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[User] COVID-19 testing protocol for infants with prior influenza A diagnosis

The patient was previously tested positive for influenza A during a period of medical observation. After diagnosis of COVID-19, the patient was tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and was treated for pneumonia.


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[User] COVID-19 treatment and management

Following a positive nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, he was transferred to the general medical ward for further management. The patient received a 7-day course of oral antibiotics, and his hypoxemia was managed with controlled oxygen therapy via a 24% venturi mask.


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[User] COVID-19 treatment for pediatric patients

The patient was moved to an isolation COVID-19-care unit with his mother. He was discharged after 10 days with quarantine recommendations.


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[User] COVID-19 treatment for renal transplant patients

The patient was started on azithromycin, oseltamivir and continued on the same dose of tacrolimus 1mg BD, and prednisolone dose increased from 5mg to 20mg OD, while the dose of mycophenolate mofetil halved from 1000 mg to 500mg daily in 2 divided doses.


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[User] COVID-19 treatment in Graves' disease patients

The patient was admitted to an isolation cohort ward with a diagnosis of flare up of Graves' disease (GD) with Graves' ophthalmopathy and COVID-19.


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[User] COVID-19 treatment options

The patient was treated with antimicrobial and antiviral drugs, including levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and ribavirin, as well as methylprednisolone and gamma-globulin.


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[User] COVID-19 treatment outcome

The patient's condition rapidly improved and the patient was discharged in good condition.


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[User] COVID-19 treatment plan

The patient received 9 liters of crystalloid solution, glucocorticoids, high-dose IVIG, high-dose vasopressors, continuous renal replacement therapy, remdesivir, and a single dose of vitamin B12 for refractory vasoplegia.


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[User] COVID-19 treatment protocol

The patient was treated with standard care for a COVID-19 infection, including steroid, antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine, enoxaparin, tocilizumab, and remdesivir. Dexamethasone, convalescent plasma, and monoclonal antibodies were later added to the current treatment protocol for COVID-19 infection in the hospital.


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[User] COVID-19 treatment provided to the patient

The patient was treated with oral Arbidol Hydrochloride and LianHuaQingWen capsule. The RT-PCR tests were negative, and CT images improved with the treatment.


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[User] COVID-19 treatment regimen

The patient was treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, intravenous corticosteroids, and salbutamol. The patient was advised to continue taking hydroxychloroquine (200 mg twice a day) and maintain regular follow-up with her healthcare provider.


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[User] COVID-19 treatment with DNVr

The patient was treated with DNVr on April 3.


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[User] COVID-19 treatment with chloroquine phosphate

Chloroquine phosphate was added to the treatment regimen on the fourth day and oseltamivir was continued.


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[User] COVID-19 treatment with famotidine duration

The patient was treated with a famotidine regimen for 11 days.


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[User] COVID-19 treatment with lianhua qingwen granules

The patient was treated with lianhua qingwen granules and ribavirin.


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[User] COVID-19 treatment with remdesivir

The patient was treated with intravenous steroids, antiviral (remdesivir), and convalescent plasma.


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[User] COVID-19 with severe bilateral pneumonia symptoms

The patient presented with fever, cough, and shortness of breath.


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[User] CPAM symptoms

The patient was admitted with a diagnosis of CPAM after presenting with pneumonia.


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[User] CPFA treatment for crushing injury

Coupled plasma filtration adsorption (CPFA) was started after stabilization of the hemodynamic parameters. The patient underwent six consecutive sessions of CPFA for a duration of 12 hours each with a plasma target of 0.2 L/kg, blood flow (Qb) of 150 mL/min, and plasma flow (Qp) of 15% of blood flow (22.5 mL/min).


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[User] CPFE treatment options

The patient was treated with methylprednisolone, a synthetic neutrophil elastase inhibitor, and antibiotics, but his condition progressively deteriorated.


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[User] CRCC symptoms

The patient, a 61-year old male, was referred to the urology clinic with a palpable mass in the lower left abdomen and hematuria.


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[User] CRIM-positive IPD symptoms

truncal hypotonia and reduced knee reflexes, along with elevated levels of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] CRMO diagnosis criteria

The patient was diagnosed with CRMO after a bone biopsy showed lymphocytic and plasmacellular infiltrate, in addition to peritrabecular fibrosis, which excluded malignancy.


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[User] CRMO treatment plan

The patient is still under medical care and is currently being treated accordingly.


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[User] CRMP5 antibody test result

The patient's CRMP5 antibody test came positive, suggesting paraneoplastic CRMP5-associated transverse myelitis. The patient's CRMP5 antibody test result came negative.


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[User] CRMP5-associated transverse myelitis prognosis

After 14 months of initial discharge, the patient's neurological exam showed significant improvement, and she was able to ambulate with assistance using her walker, although she still must rely on a wheelchair for the majority of the time. The patient has ongoing lower back pain, which may be multifactorial involving spasms, degenerative disks, and neuropathic pain.


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[User] CRPS treatment options

Several treatment approaches were attempted, including medication, physical therapy, lumbar sympathetic block, lumbar sympathetic neurolysis, and SPN block; however, all of them provided limited pain relief. PRF was then applied on the SPN, which resulted in a significant reduction of the allodynia pain rating from a VAS score of 7-8/10 to 2-3/10.


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[User] CRPS type 1 treatment options

The implanted percutaneous PNS was successful in providing pain relief, and the patient reported improved performance in her daily activities.


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[User] CRPS type 2 diagnosis

Further tests, including MRI, digital infrared thermal imaging, and three-phase bone scan confirmed the diagnosis of CRPS type II due to iatrogenic injury to the LDCN of the SN.


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[User] CRPS type 2 diagnosis criteria

Mechanical and thermal allodynia were assessed and a diagnosis of CRPS type 2 was made. Nerve conduction velocity and electromyographic studies revealed lesions of the SPN and sural nerve.


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[User] CRPS type 2 follow-up care

The patient was advised to continue physical therapy and medications as prescribed by the physician. The patient was also instructed to follow up with the treating physician regularly for observation of the condition and titration of medication dosages as necessary.


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[User] CRPS type 2 symptoms

The patient presented with numbness and tingling sensation on the lateral aspect of the left ankle and foot. She also had hypersensitivity, allodynia, redness, and swelling in the affected area.


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[User] CS and colonic polyps

The patient's past medical history revealed that gastric and colonic polyps were removed via endoscopy on multiple occasions. The presence of colonic and gastric polyps should also be monitored.


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[User] CSF GABA pathway and TCA cycle analysis

The patient's CSF GABA pathway and TCA cycle metabolite results were summarized in Tables and . The patient's CSF samples from age 2 weeks prior to pyridoxine therapy and at age 7 months on pyridoxine therapy were stored at -80°C for future analysis.


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[User] CSF analysis results for TBEV diagnosis

The CSF analysis revealed pleocytosis with an elevated protein level.


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[User] CSF hypotension treatment options

The patient underwent an emergent intrathecal saline infusion with intracranial pressure monitoring combined with an epidural blood patch, which led to a substantial clinical improvement. On the following day, he had a second epidural blood patch and a saline intrathecal infusion that also resulted in an instantaneous improvement.


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[User] CSF leak diagnosis and treatment

Further analysis of the fluid suggested cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)... A craniotomy was performed to close the defect in the dura with a pericranial graft from the right frontal bone.


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[User] CSF removal procedure outcomes

Following CSF removal, the patient showed improvement in timed gait, although cognitive parameters remained in the abnormal range.


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[User] CSS anterior ischemic optic neuropathy diagnosis

The patient was diagnosed with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy associated with Churg-Strauss Syndrome (CSS).


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[User] CT and MRI findings for cerebellopontine angle tumor

CT and MRI confirmed the presence of a right cerebellopontine angle tumor that extended from the interpeduncular cistern to the foramen magnum. Noncontrast CT of the head showed hypo dense right cerebellopontine angle mass extending from the interpeduncular and ambient cisterns to the foramen magnum. MRI showed a 5.2 × 3.8 × 5.5 cm (anteroposterior × lateral × craniocaudal) T1-weighted hypointense, and T2-weighted hyperintense mass.


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[User] CT angiogram findings

A subsequent CT angiogram showed a single, isolated, non-obstructive, non-calcified plaque in the mid-LAD. The left circumflex artery was normal.


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[User] CT chest without contrast for COVID-19 pneumonia

CT chest without contrast showed bilateral central and parenchymal opacities consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia.


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[User] CT colonography findings

The CTC showed a localized contained perforation around the rectum and extensive diverticular disease throughout the sigmoid colon, which was markedly narrowed throughout in keeping with stricture formation, consistent with previous diverticulitis or radiation treatment.


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[User] CT coronary angiography results

CT coronary angiography showed normal origins of the right and left main coronary arteries. The rest of the coronary arteries, including the left main coronary, the left anterior descending, and the left circumflex (as well as its branches), were normal in course. There was no evidence of coronary artery plaques.


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[User] CT examination findings on the day of operation

CT examination on the day of operation showed left frontal sinus osteomyelitis and osteolysis of the inferior wall of the left frontal sinus connected to the left upper eyelid.


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[User] CT findings for abdominal distension

However, the CT conducted during the current admission showed diffuse peritoneal thickening, omental masses and nodules, and ascites with omental fat infiltration, but no mass-like lesions or bowel obstruction were found.


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[User] CT imaging findings for abdominal trauma

The patient underwent CT imaging, which confirmed moderate volume of free fluid in the pelvic area, perihepatic, and perisplenic spaces, and indicated small bowel wall thickening due to a mural hematoma of the proximal part of the jejunum.


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[User] CT imaging of the abdomen results

CT imaging of the abdomen showed the presence of retroperitoneal fibrosis along with right-sided hydronephrosis.


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[User] CT imaging results

CT imaging revealed ectatic and 15-mm obstruction extending from the left SFA to PA.


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[User] CT of the chest findings

After admission, the patient underwent CT of the chest which showed bronchiectasis and ground-glass opacities in the lower lobes and bronchial wall thickening of the left main bronchus.


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[User] CT pulmonary angiography results

CT pulmonary angiography with three-dimensional reconstruction was performed, which revealed the mediastinal lingual artery to be the first branch of the left main pulmonary artery.


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[User] CT scan chest findings

CT of the chest showed a 6.2 × 5.7-cm2 mass in the left lower lobe's superior segment with some cavitation and air bronchograms.


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[User] CT scan findings COVID-19 pneumonia

A CT scan showed images suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with an estimated 50% lung involvement.


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[User] CT scan findings after ERCP

The most recent CT scan, taken 7 months after Histoacryl injection, showed advanced HCC without abscess or fistula formation.


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[User] CT scan findings for ASBO

A CT scan revealed a transition point in the pelvis which was likely caused by intra-abdominal adhesions.


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[User] CT scan findings for intraventricular hemorrhage

A CT scan of the brain was performed, which showed extensive intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in both lateral and third ventricles, with obstructive hydrocephalus and intracerebral hemorrhages in the right temporal and occipital lobes and cerebellar vermis.


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[User] CT scan findings for lung nodule

A chest CT scan showed a small subsolid nodule in the posterior segment of the RUL without any enhancement after contrast agent injection. The patient underwent serial annual surveillance scans which were normal until March 2019, when a chest CT scan showed the RUL nodule had enlarged with increased solid components and invasive features, as well as a newly-present solid nodule in the apical segment of the RUL.


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[User] CT scan findings for pleomorphic adenoma

A computerized tomography (CT) scan was ordered and revealed a well-defined heterogeneous mass involving the left submandibular gland with areas of calcification. The mass was measuring 7.2 cm × 5.5 cm and caused pressure effects on the adjacent structures.


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[User] CT scan findings for pneumonia

Concerns for pneumonia evidenced by right lower lobe infiltrates and mucous plugging on CT.


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[User] CT scan findings for psoas abscess

CT scan revealed a bilateral, multiloculated psoas abscess containing gas in the L3–5 region.


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[User] CT scan findings for small bowel obstruction

CT scan showed intussusception of small bowel, thickening of right colon, and a few lymph nodes in the fat adjacent to the right colon and mesentery.


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[User] CT scan findings for the patient

A CT scan showed right posterior frontal-subcortical intraparenchymal bleed with multifocal infarcts.


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[User] CT scan findings of the orbit

CT scans revealed a left intraorbital mass projecting into the center of the orbit. The mass appeared inseparable from the medial rectus muscle and the left lamina papyracea.


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[User] CT scan of paranasal sinuses results

CT scan of the paranasal sinuses showed a large mass centered in the left anterior ethmoid sinus.


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[User] CT scan of the chest results in patients with SCID

The CT scan of the chest showed bronchiectatic changes.


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[User] CT scan of the head results

The CT scan of the head showed no evidence of intracranial mass or recurrent stroke.


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[User] CT scan results

- A right parieto-occipital hematoma with significant perilesional edema and mass effect


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[User] CT scan results after aneurysm exclusion

The CT scan showed successful exclusion of the aortic aneurysm without any evidence of leakage.


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[User] CT scan results after treatment

The patient was treated with corticosteroids and started on mesalamine for maintenance therapy with subsequent improvement in his symptoms and a decrease in size of the nodules on CT scan. ... Infliximab was initiated, and symptoms dramatically improved, with resolution of nodules noted on CT scan four months later.


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[User] CT scan results for RCC

A contrast-enhanced CT scan revealed a tumor with peripherally enhanced areas and a central hypovascular area.


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[User] CT scan results for ring-enhancing lesion in cerebellar hemisphere

CT scan revealed obstructive hydrocephalus with periventricular ooze and a ring-enhancing lesion in the left cerebellar hemisphere.


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[User] CT scan results for the patient

CT scan showed a well-defined lobulated mass measuring 11 cm × 10 cm × 6 cm in the neck and superior mediastinum that was compressing the esophagus, left main bronchus, and trachea.


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[User] CT scan results of patient

CT scan revealed hyperdense cortical lesions over the both parietal lobes and left insular lobe with no mass effect or surrounding edema.


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[User] CT scan results of the thorax

CT scan of the thorax was negative for metastases


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[User] CTG triplet repeat normal range

He had a CTG triplet repeat of approximately 300 and no cardiac abnormalities.


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[User] CVD chemotherapy side effects

The regimen was terminated due to worsening symptoms and biochemical markers


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[User] CVVH procedure complications

After the first course of CVVH, the serum MTX level dropped gradually. However, following forced diuresis to remove the last remaining MTX, the serum MTX levels slightly increased. CVVH was reinstituted, and the serum MTX levels decreased again.


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[User] CYP21A2 genetic mutations

CYP21A2 gene-targeted mutation analysis revealed a compound heterozygote for IVS2-13C/A>G and p.R356W mutations.


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[User] CYP2D6 genotype testing for malaria patients

CYP2D6 genotype test was performed and classified as intermediate metabolizer.


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[User] Ca 125 and Ca 19.9 tumour markers

Tumour markers of the patient were determined as Ca 125 and Ca 19.9, which were higher than the normal reference values.


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[User] CaSR gene mutation symptoms

The patient was diagnosed with hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, Pro221Leu missense mutation in exon 3 of the CaSR gene.


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[User] Cabozantinib treatment plan

The patient underwent three cycles of full dose cabozantinib with acceptable tolerance and achieving a significant downsizing of the tumor thrombus and renal mass. The patient restarted cabozantinib at a reduced dose after surgery and has been progression free since.


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[User] Caesarean scar choriocarcinoma symptoms

Amenorrhea for 47 days and irregular vaginal bleeding


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[User] Caesarean section complications

The patient underwent an elective caesarean section at 38 weeks due to a past caesarean section. On Day 1 post surgery she was tachycardic, febrile and hypertensive with a drop in saturation 92–93% on room air.


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[User] Caesarean section complications symptoms

The patient was admitted for an elective Caesarean section for her second pregnancy and suffered a cardiac arrest shortly after anaesthetic induction.


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[User] Caesarean section indications

Sixteen hours after admission, delivery was continued via Caesarean section due to irregular birth activity.


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[User] Caesarean section post-operative care

She was discharged home with district nursing for wound management and stoma care.


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[User] Caesarean section procedure complications

The patient subsequently underwent a caesarean section with the delivery of a baby boy weighing 3210 g AS/5 who was sent to the NICU for diaphragmatic hernia.


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[User] Calcified aspergilloma treatment follow-up

The patient was followed up for one year, and bronchoscopy was repeated, which revealed the disappearance of the calcified mass. AFB smear and fungal smear of bronchial lavage were negative. Lung biopsy showed no evidence of fungal elements.


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[User] Calciphylaxis treatment

The patient was diagnosed with calciphylaxis and underwent multidisciplinary management, including daily wound cleaning, pain relief, and intensified hemodialysis using HDx therapy with high cut-off dialyzer Theranova. The patient also received sodium thiosulfate during dialysis sessions until complete healing of the leg ulcers.


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[User] Calcium and phosphate levels at birth

The patient was born at the same hospital with a low birth weight and serum calcium and phosphate levels.


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[User] Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus joint infection treatment

The patient was started on piperacillin-tazobactam, which was later changed to meropenem. After six weeks of intravenous antibiotic therapy with meropenem, the patient was transitioned to chronic oral suppressive therapy with doxycycline.


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[User] Can COVID-19 patients develop Torsades de Pointes?

The patient developed recurrent episodes of Torsades de Pointes (TdP) without hemodynamic collapse, despite aggressive electrolyte replacements and antiarrhythmic therapy.


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[User] Can Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) cause kidney damage?

A kidney biopsy showed diffuse global endocapillary and focal segmental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with IgA-dominant mesangial and capillary wall deposition, consistent with active HSPN.


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[User] Can UTROSCT be treated with surgery?

Yes, the patient was treated with vaginal myomectomy followed by a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The patient has been following up regularly in the gynecological oncology outpatient department and remains asymptomatic one year after the second surgery.


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[User] Can VZV-induced LETM patients recover fully with treatment?

The patient remained clinically stable without new manifestations for at least one year later (i.e., last follow-up).


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[User] Can a genetic test confirm Krabbe disease?

A genetic test for GALC mutation was not conducted.


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[User] Can a patient with Entamoeba dispar infection have a negative stool test result?

Thirty days later, we used microscopy and PCR to test six samples of stool collected over a fourteen-day period, and all samples were negative for E. histolytica/dispar.


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[User] Can a patient with a head injury and pneumatocele be treated with emergency craniotomy?

Patient underwent emergency Left frontal craniotomy, evacuation of tensed air, duraplasty and exteriorization of frontal sinus


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[User] Can a patient with a herniated disc at L5-S1 experience a recurrence of symptoms?

However, two months later, the patient had a recurrence of symptoms in the same distribution, and the new MRI scan showed a small residual herniation at L5-S1.


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[User] Can a patient with ureteral stenosis have a normal renal sonogram after treatment?

The patient remains asymptomatic, with a normal renal sonogram, 2 months after the procedure.


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[User] Can amiodarone be used for the treatment of ventricular dysfunction?

The patient was treated with intravenous and oral amiodarone for symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.


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[User] Can an AVM cause cerebral infarction?

Seventeen months after the RKRS procedure, the patient presented with acute-onset left hemiparesis and sensory change. MRI showed an acute cerebral infarction.


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[User] Can anticoagulation therapy prevent recurrence of DVT?

The patient was advised to maintain medication compliance and received proper counseling on preventing recurrence of DVT.


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[User] Can asthma patients with obesity expect an improved outcome with exercise?

The management plan will include lifestyle changes, such as dietary modifications and exercise, to manage her obesity.


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[User] Can diaphragmatic hernia increase the risk of renal cell carcinoma?

The patient has no known increased risk of developing renal cell carcinoma in the affected kidney.


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[User] Can dogs recover from tadalafil toxicity?

Over the next 2 weeks, on recheck examinations, the patient returned to normal neurologic status.


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[User] Can endoscopic clipping be used for fistula treatment?

Endoscopic clipping was attempted, but was unsuccessful.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] Can esophagectomy cure esophageal metastasis?

Based on the findings of the diagnostic tests, a diagnosis of esophageal metastasis and mediastinal lymph node metastasis of renal cancer was made, and esophagectomy via right thoracotomy was performed with reconstruction using a posterior mediastinal stomach tube.


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[User] Can fistula repair be performed vaginally?

One year later, the RVF was repaired successfully through the vaginal route and a simultaneous continent cutaneous urinary diversion procedure was performed.


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[User] Can fungal infections cause corneal ulcers?

Voriconazole drops were prescribed due to concern for a possible fungal infection. The PCR revealed the presence of Leptotrichia species, which are anaerobic Gram-negative rods that typically exist within oral flora.


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[User] Can long-chain polyphosphate be used to treat ulcerative colitis?

After four weeks of long-chain polyphosphate treatment (300 mg, daily), the patient's symptoms significantly improved.


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[User] Can marathon training cause kidney damage?

The patient experienced several gross haematuria that was followed by bilateral loin pain radiating down the pelvis after running 22 km.


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[User] Can myxopapillary ependymoma be cured with surgery?

The tumor was successfully removed with an opening of the dura mater. The patient has been asymptomatic for 3.5 years since the operation and radiation therapy, and MRI scans of the patient's brain, spinal cord, and cauda equina show no signs of recurrence.


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[User] Can osteomyelitis be caused by a viral infection?

The patient had no previous history of viral or bacterial infection.


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[User] Can paraganglioma tumors cause an increase in HbA1c levels?

During the course of her hospitalization, a contrast-enhanced CT scan was performed and revealed a ring-enhancing tumor in the middle mediastinum... The patient's HbA1c levels improved to 5.6% in the 6 months after surgery.


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[User] Can patients with intracranial hemorrhage fully recover from right-sided hemiparesis?

Although her deep tendon reflex increased during follow-up, the patient's right-sided hemiparesis persisted.


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[User] Can patients with knee injuries return to playing tennis after surgery?

The patient had no complications and was able to return to pre-operation level of tennis by the 1-year follow-up.


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[User] Can submandibular gland excision resolve recurrent sialolithiasis?

The patient was seen during follow up at our outpatient clinic for six months after surgery and there was no recurrence of neck swelling or sialolith formation.


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[User] Can the patient discontinue thyrotropin-suppressive therapy?

The patient may continue pharmacotherapy with levothyroxine for thyrotropin-suppressive therapy under the care of their primary care physician. Further follow-up appointments are left to the patient's discretion.


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[User] Can the patient eat normally after surgery?

The patient must follow a liquid diet for the first few days, and transition to a soft diet as recommended by the treating physician.


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[User] Can the patient perform strenuous activities after discharge?

The patient will be also advised to avoid any strenuous activities and follow all post-operative instructions to reduce the risk of complications.


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[User] Can the patient safely take metformin again?

Initially, metformin was given in full therapeutic dose, but no recurrence was observed, whereas six hours after administration of Sitagliptin, there was recurrence of lesions in the form of itching and erythema over the residual pigmented lesions.


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[User] Can the patient's condition be caused by smoking?

The patient had a 10-year history of smoking 20 cigarettes per day.


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[User] Can the patient's condition be detected by heart MRI?

Afterward, the patient underwent heart MRI, which came out to be completely normal.


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[User] Can the patient's condition be managed with medication?

Patient was treated with proton pump inhibitor therapy and abdominal pain resolved.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] Can the patient's condition be managed without medication?

The patient was closely monitored and observed during their hospital stay. No specific medications were given or mentioned in the case report.


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[User] Can the patient's condition improve with orthodontic treatment?

The patient's condition was stable, and he was discharged from the hospital with the prescribed dental appliances. There was a perfect alignment as seen in occlusal photographs.


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[User] Can the patient's insulin sensitivity be improved?

The patient's HOMA-IS index showed intact insulin sensitivity, and the small amounts of insulin were sufficient to maintain normal glucose levels.


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[User] Can you describe the diagnostic workup for the patient?

Diagnostic Workup: Serology for auto antibodies was negative and serum complement levels were normal. A percutaneous renal biopsy revealed that the majority of the glomeruli had cellular crescents and focal fibrinoid necrosis with preserved tubulointerstitium. The immunofluorescence test was negative for immunoglobulin deposits.


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[User] Can you describe the healthcare team involved in the patient's care?

A team of specialists including geneticists, neurologists, and developmental pediatricians was also consulted to provide further assistance in the patient's care.


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[User] Can you describe the imaging findings?

Mammography showed a high-density 12 mm × 16 mm oval mass shadow with rough border and thin long spicule on some edges on the right side of the sternum, at approximately 1 o'clock position of the breast. Color Doppler ultrasound imaging confirmed the presence of an 11 mm × 15 mm solid hypoechoic nodule with clear boundary and irregular shape in the inner-upper quadrant of the right breast.


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[User] Can you describe the intraoral findings?

Intraoral examination showed multiple papules on the attached gingiva, as well as on the lower and upper labial mucosa, and on the tongue. A soft nodule measuring 5 mm in diameter was also noted on the right retromolar region.


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[User] Can you describe the mass found during the surgery?

The well-circumscribed lipomatous mass was noted between the SCM muscle fibers. It is emphasized that the tumoral mass was poorly circumscribed partly in the medial surface, and it was dissected bluntly and excised totally without any complication.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's brain MRI results?

Brain MRI showed cortical and cerebellar atrophy, right-sided subdural collection noted over the right frontal and parietal convexity, and white matter T2 hyperintensity involving the centrum semiovale and the occipital lobes.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's condition after four cycles of CIK cells immunotherapy with chemotherapy?

After four cycles of combined CIK cells immunotherapy with chemotherapy, MRI showed that the liver and pelvic metastases were significantly reduced. According to the RECIST 1.1 criteria, the patient obtained complete response. Her physical strength and appetite increased, and her sleep quality improved.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's condition after the procedure?

The patient regained vision in his right eye nasal field, with 20/30 acuity in the immediate postoperative period.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's condition after the thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR)?

The patient was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungals and was successfully extubated and weaned off vasopressor support.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's condition at 6-month follow-up?

At 6-month follow-up, the patient has been continuing his suppressive therapy and has resumed his active lifestyle with no further complications.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's condition at discharge?

The patient was in stable condition and showed no obvious signs of recurrence. The recovery was good.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's condition at the final follow-up?

At final follow-up 24 months after the last surgical procedure, the patient remained infection-free and independently mobile, though reported a score of 20/48 on the Oxford Knee Score (OKS). While the fracture had united, it had resulted in shortening and malunion at the fracture site.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's condition at the time of admission?

The patient was admitted to the hospital with a fourth-degree high-voltage electric burn with severe soft tissue damage to his left lower limb.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's condition at the time of discharge?

The patient's condition improved significantly, and she was discharged with full instructions.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's condition during hospitalization?

Hospital Course: The patient had asymmetry in the girth of the lower limbs with the right limb girth being larger. The chest auscultation revealed bibasilar fine-end inspiratory crepitation with vesicular breath sounds of equal intensity. The initial hemoglobin level was 14.2 gm%, which decreased to 10.6 gm% over the course of 3 days.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's condition on discharge?

Patient was discharged in stable condition.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's condition on the third day of life?

On the third day of life, the patient exhibited birth tremors and an inconsolable cry. Focal seizures were observed on the left upper limb, and the patient displayed symptoms of increased muscle tone and neck stiffness.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's condition upon admission to the ICU?

Upon admission to the ICU, the patient appeared confused and experienced dry and wet rales in the lungs, drastic heart rate, and borderline percutaneous oxygen saturation. The examination revealed an enlarged heart and left atrium, mild pericardial effusion, and pulmonary infection.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's condition upon admission?

The patient was admitted to our institute due to recurrent macrohematuria. Physical exploration and laboratory test results were negative.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's condition upon discharge?

The patient did not require supplemental oxygen, and his serial troponin values were negative. Before his discharge, the patient's ECG showed no signs of a Type 1 Brugada pattern, and the patient did not exhibit any further symptoms.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's condition upon examination?

Upon examination, he was found to be in a cachexic and breathless state and was bedridden.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's condition upon initial examination?

Upon initial examination, the patient reported moderate pain rated at 1-2 out of 10 on a visual analog scale, which increased with lumbar extension but not flexion. All neurological findings were normal, and there were no positive tension signs.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's condition upon presentation?

The patient presented to casualty with the left shoulder pain following a road traffic accident. Examination revealed reduced movements of the left shoulder in all planes. Neurovascular examination was unremarkable and no other injuries identified.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's condition when discharged?

The patient remains completely asymptomatic and did not receive any treatment for his MZL.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's current status after the diagnosis?

The patient is well without any signs of further development or other relevant clinical findings 14 months after the diagnosis.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's diagnosis and treatment?

The mass was surgically removed, and the pathological examination showed endometrial glandular epithelium and stromal cells. The patient had a history of erratic severe lower abdominal pain refractory to medical treatment, which resolved after surgery.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's discharge diagnosis?

- Gunshot wound to the right side of the neck - Presence of a foreign body in the right submandibular gland


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[User] Can you describe the patient's family dynamics?

The patient had a history of overprotectiveness from his mother, who was always scared for him. His father was controlling and did not listen to anyone in the family, and consequently, the patient was scared of him as well.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's family history?

The patient's family history was negative, except for his paternal grandmother, who had severe menorrhagia, requiring multiple transfusions.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's follow-up care?

The patient was discharged in stable condition with arrangements made for appropriate follow-up care.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's hippocampal-avoidance prophylactic cranial irradiation (HA-PCI) procedure?

Three months after the thoracic chemoradiotherapy, the patient underwent hippocampal-avoidance prophylactic cranial irradiation (HA-PCI) to prevent brain metastasis. The procedure was performed using IMRT techniques following RTOG 0933 protocol. During the procedure, the patient was immobilized in the supine position with an aquaplast mask placed over his head. An IMRT plan was created using the Eclipse RT planning system, and the patient tolerated the treatments well with no significant adverse events.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's hospital course after the craniotomy?

Preoperatively, the patient experienced a significant tumor bleed and resultant brain swelling due to intraventricular hemorrhage. She recovered with symptomatic ventriculomegaly, subsequently underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement using the Chhabra “Slit n Spring” hydrocephalus shunt system.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's hospital course?

The patient remained stable throughout the hospital course. The patient experienced passage of loose frequent motions for the first 2 weeks after the operation, which improved gradually.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's neurological and developmental progress?

Further neurological and developmental assessments will be done to monitor the patient's progress. Parental counseling was provided to ensure that the family is well-informed about the patient's medical condition and the importance of adherence to medical appointments.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's ocular motility?

Ocular motility was found to be normal, but bilateral ptosis was present with abnormal elevator function.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's physical appearance?

Upon general examination, the patient presented with finely wrinkled and dry skin of the facial skin, hyperkeratosis in the elbows, knees, and ankles, and premature aging appearance. The patient also exhibited a depressed nasal bridge (“saddle nose”), thin and scanty hair, alopecia of the eyelashes and eyebrows, dry and crusted eyes, periorbital, perioral, and nasal pigmentation, bilateral deformity and low implantation of the ear, perioral fissures, and deep nasolabial sulcus.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's physical examination?

Physical examination revealed nothing significant except mild leukopenia and moderate anemia.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's post-operative care?

Post-operatively, feeds were started the same day, and the drain was removed the next day.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's post-operative recovery?

The patient had an uneventful post-operative recovery and was discharged after six days. Diet was commenced within 48 hours post-operation.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's post-procedure course?

The patient's post-procedure course was uneventful.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's postoperative care plan?

Postoperative pain medications and antibiotics were prescribed for 5 days, and the patient was encouraged to undergo regular check-ups.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] Can you describe the patient's postoperative condition?

The patient was monitored after the surgery, and there were no postoperative issues. The patient was discharged in a stable condition six months postoperatively.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] Can you describe the patient's postoperative course?

The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and he was discharged home.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's postoperative diet?

Oral fluids were administered after 6 hours along with a soft diet, and the patient was discharged on the second postoperative day with complications on oral antibiotics.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's rash during the first admission?

He had multiple widespread erythematous, vesicular lesions approximately 2 mm across with some weeping that involved all limbs and his trunk.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's response to lenvatinib treatment?

The patient achieved a partial response (PR) according to the RECIST and mRECIST criteria after 2 months of treatment.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's skin rash?

The patient, a 66-year-old female, presented with progressive pruritic skin rash affecting her torso and extremities. The biopsy showed superficially traumatized spongiotic dermatitis with superficial dermal perivascular infiltrate including numerous eosinophils.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's surgery?

Immediately, surgery with graft replacement was performed.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's symptoms before the initial surgery?

The patient presented to the hospital with bilateral mild hip dysplasia and underwent right hip arthroscopic surgery due to synovitis.


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[User] Can you describe the patient's wound care management?

The patient’s pressure ulcer care was managed by the hospital’s wound care team for a total of 18 weeks. The hospital team utilized sonographic imaging to assess the ulcer, which showed necrotic tissue in a diffuse and poorly defined area with peripheral hypervascularity.


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[User] Can you describe the surgical intervention?

The patient underwent a radical distal gastrectomy with systematic lymph node dissection and a right colectomy.


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[User] Can you describe the surgical procedure performed on the patient?

Emergent surgery was performed as strangulated DH was suspected, and laparoscopic observation revealed that the small intestine was herniated into the right thoracic cavity through the diaphragmatic defect. The herniated contents were gently reduced. The intruded small intestine showed ischaemic change and partial necrosis. The ischaemic small intestine was resected, and the hernial orifice was repaired.


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[User] Can you describe the wound's progress after surgery?

The wound showed profuse fibrous tissue, as seen during the dressing change every three days. After 12 days of applying COD, abundant granulation tissue was observed. By the eighteenth day, the wound was ready for skin grafting.


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[User] Canal wall-down tympanoplasty post-operative care

The patient underwent a canal wall-down tympanoplasty, and complete removal of the tumor. Postoperative follow-up was uneventful, and the patient did not experience any complications.


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[User] Candida albicans treatment options

The patient was started on itraconazole 100 mg twice daily by oral administration for 1-week pulse therapy per month for the following 3 months.


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[User] Candida tropicalis symptoms in patients with prosthetic valves

Fifteen months after her surgery, she was diagnosed with an embolic event to the posterior cerebellar artery and her blood cultures became positive for Candida tropicalis. Fungal vegetation was detected in her MV annulus and she required a 31 mm Medtronic Hall mechanical prosthesis, followed by suppressive treatment with fluconazole.


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[User] Cantor and Curtis Class III mandibular defect symptoms

The patient was diagnosed with a Cantor and Curtis Class III mandibular defect, which involved loss up to the mandibular midline region.


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[User] Capsulectomy and tenolysis surgery complications

The patient underwent a capsulectomy of the MCP and PIP joints with tenolysis of the flexor tendons of the left fifth digit following a motor vehicle accident.


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[User] Carbolic acid burn injury symptoms

The patient presented to the hospital 8 hours after exposure to carbolic acid, resulting in burn injuries to 20% of his body surface area (BSA), including the lower face and anterior chest wall.


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[User] Carcinoid tumor prognosis

According to the classification of neuroendocrine tumors by the World Health Organization, our patient's tumor with regional lymph node metastases and an MIB-1 proliferative index of more than 2% was a well-differentiated endocrine carcinoma (malignant carcinoid).


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[User] Cardiac Echinococcosis symptoms

The patient, an 18-year-old male, presented with acute chest pain and fever for the last 3-4 days. The initial diagnostic tests showed a large cystic lesion compressing the inferior vena cava (IVC) laterally to the right side.


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[User] Cardiac arrest and emergency hysterectomy

Following cardiopulmonary resuscitation, she was transferred to the ICU where she became haemodynamically unstable and underwent an emergency hysterectomy due to ongoing bleeding.


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[User] Cardiac complications due to lightning strike

Bedside echocardiogram examination in the ICU showed poor contractility of the heart. Laboratory investigations revealed an increased level of hsTn and NT-pro-BNP.


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[User] Cardiac conduction system infiltration

The patient remains pacemaker dependent with a complete heart block along with underlying granulomatous tissue infiltration of the cardiac conduction system. Hematoxylin-eosin-saffron stained sections of the tissue sample showed a granulomatous reaction consisting of nodular cellular infiltrates along with an abundant fibrotic reaction.


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[User] Cardiac function improvement plan

The patient was given oral rivaroxaban 10 mg once daily to prevent thrombosis, as well as a beta blocker to improve cardiac function and prevent heart attack.


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[User] Cardiac hypertrophy diagnosis

The tests revealed the presence of predominantly noncalcified atherosclerotic plaques without significant obstructive coronary stenosis and a severe concentric LV hypertrophy with preserved global systolic function.


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[User] Cardiac surgery post-operative care plan

The patient was discharged in stable condition. Follow-up appointments with cardiology was recommended.


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[User] Cardiac ultrasound monitoring schedule after Kawasaki Disease treatment

The patient underwent serial echocardiograms to monitor the size of the coronary arteries. At the one-year follow-up, cardiac ultrasound showed complete normalization of the coronary arteries.


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[User] Cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings

CMR demonstrated a distorted LV and confirmed the presence of numerous cross bridging muscular projections originating from the inferior wall, inferior interventricular septum and lateral LV walls. The LV systolic function was mildly decreased.


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[User] Caregiver stress management

Her daughter Gwen was her primary caregiver, and during the hospital stay, showed signs of caregiver stress. Encourage communication with the daughter Gwen to monitor how she is handling the burden of caregiver stress. Consider connecting her to a local caregiver support group.


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[User] Caroli disease complications symptoms

The patient presented with complaints of intermittent abdominal pain for 7 years and exertional dyspnea with fatigue for 1 week.


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[User] Carotid artery disease diagnosis methods

A carotid artery ultrasound was performed, which showed chronic bilateral stenosis of the carotid artery bifurcation due to stable fibrous-calcific plaques. Preoperative DSA confirmed that the left anterior cerebral arteries (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and ICA were hardly detected.


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[User] Carotid artery pseudomedian arcuate diagnosis methods

A computed tomography perfusion (CTP) showed a delayed time to peak (TTP) in the left hemisphere when compared with that in the right hemisphere.


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[User] Carotid blowout with pseudoaneurysm diagnosis

Angiography revealed a left carotid blowout with a pseudoaneurysm and circumferential ulceration suggestive of carotid body syndrome at the bifurcation of the right internal carotid artery.


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[User] Castleman tumor symptoms

The patient exhibited signs of diffuse erosive muscositis with lichenoid inflammation and dystrophic nails. The patient experienced a dramatic improvement of the skin lesions following an immunosuppressive treatment with cyclophosphamide and urbason.


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[User] Castleman tumor treatment

The mass was successfully excised via laparotomy with special attention given to the ligation of the tumor vessels.


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[User] Castleman's disease treatment options

Before initiating radiation treatment, he experienced frequent urination, excessive thirst, and his urine output was approximately 5-6 L/day.


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[User] Cat scratch disease diagnosis criteria

Further tests and serology showed abnormal B. henselae IgG and B. henselae antibody IgM titers, indicating a diagnosis of Cat scratch disease.


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[User] Cat scratch disease treatment protocol

The patient was treated with antibiotics that were effective in treating Cat scratch disease.


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[User] Catatonia symptoms and treatment

The patient displayed symptoms of stupor, mutism, and waxy flexibility, which are consistent with the diagnosis of catatonia. The patient was given 4 mg Lorazepam and 5 mg Olanzapine, after which he was moved to our psychiatry ward for further observation and treatment.


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[User] Category IV pressure ulcer symptoms

The patient presented with a Category IV pressure ulcer in the coccyx region.


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[User] Catheter ablation procedure for tachycardia during pregnancy

Venous access was gained via the right femoral vein under local anaesthesia, and multipolar diagnostic and mapping catheters were advanced without fluoroscopy to the right atrium and coronary sinus. Electroanatomic mapping was used to guide catheters towards and within the heart, which confirmed a focal mechanism with earliest activation adjacent to the mid crista terminalis. Radiofrequency ablation was performed just lateral to mid crista which resulted in tachycardia slowing.


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[User] Catheter mapping and ablation during pregnancy risks

At 30 weeks' gestation, the patient elected for catheter mapping and ablation at 30 weeks' gestation.


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[User] Cause of death

On the basis of the above-mentioned histopathological and genomic analyses, we considered that the cause of death was ARDS due to cytokine storm, and immune responses, rather than secondary infection or other factors, induced COVID-19.


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[User] Causes and risk factors of 2,8-DHA crystal-induced interstitial nephritis

The patient had a history of only one kidney stone 10 years before, at which time the creatinine level was normal. The patient demonstrated a steady increase in his creatinine levels over the past 3 years, which raised suspicion for 2,8-DHA crystal-induced interstitial nephritis.


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[User] Causes of Adult-onset Still's disease

The patient underwent investigations for anemia and splenomegaly, including a bone marrow aspirate, which showed mild increase in megakaryocytes with focal clustering and occasional hemophagocytosis.


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[User] Causes of Brown-Sequard syndrome

Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine revealed a large extradural paramedian C3-C4 disc herniation severely compressing the spinal cord on the right side, along with severe canal stenosis from C4 through C7 with myelomalacia accompanied by the C3-C4 disc herniation.


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[User] Causes of CPA in 29-year-old females

The patient experienced CPA with sudden spasm-like seizures that led to ventricular fibrillation and asystole.


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[User] Causes of Cushingoid features in children

He had Cushingoid facies and prehypertensive blood pressure. Hormonal studies showed an increase of total serum testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.


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[User] Causes of Hunter-Carpenter-Syndrome (HCS)

The patient was diagnosed with a sporadic form of Hunter-Carpenter-Syndrome (HCS) based on characteristic clinical, radiographic, and densitometric phenotypes.


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[User] Causes of abdominal pain in peritonitis patients

The patient developed abdominal pain and rebound abdominal tenderness shortly after starting therapy, requiring catheter removal.


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[User] Causes of acute generalized choreoathetosis

DHA-PPQ-associated acute generalized choreoathetosis was suspected and dystonia was retained as a differential diagnosis.


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[User] Causes of acute kidney injury

The final diagnosis was hypertensive emergency with right intracerebral hemorrhage with COVID-19 with acute on chronic kidney disease.


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[User] Causes of acute renal failure in a diabetes patient

The patient was admitted to the hospital for acute renal failure due to diarrhea and dehydration.


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[User] Causes of acute respiratory failure in angiosarcoma patients

The patient required intubation due to acute respiratory failure on the third day after arrival. Bronchoscopy demonstrated diffuse oozing of blood from bilateral segmental bronchi on the fourth day.


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[User] Causes of anaphylactic reaction in immunodeficient patients

The patient developed an anaphylactic reaction to IVIG and was monitored in the intensive care unit for one night for supportive management.


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[User] Causes of atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation was negative.


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[User] Causes of bilateral central scotoma

The patient presented with complaints of bilateral central scotoma after direct visualization of the eclipse for 15 seconds, three separate times. The patient was treated and followed up after 2 months, revealing a minimal self-perceived improvement in vision, with persisting scotoma.


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[User] Causes of bilateral nephrocalcinosis

The medical history revealed the use of a multivitamin preparation containing high levels of vitamin D.


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[User] Causes of bilateral visual loss and ocular fundus changes

Extensive investigation demonstrated no underlying inflammatory or infectious diseases.


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[User] Causes of bloody diarrhea in elderly patients

The patient presented to the ED with acute onset abdominal pain and worsening diarrhea which now appeared to be bloody. Colonoscopy was performed after the patient's condition stabilized, revealing pancolonic diffuse mucosal vascular congestion with decreased mucosal vascular pattern.


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[User] Causes of bloody stools in patients with no pathological findings

A 56-year-old male patient reported bloody stools with no obvious causes. Colonoscopy and gastroscopy revealed no pathological findings.


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[User] Causes of blurring vision and headache

MRI of the brain revealed a lobulated mixed signal intensity lesion seen in the optic chiasm, measuring 18 × 11 mm, with multiple hemorrhagic foci of varying sizes within the lesion.


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[User] Causes of brain death after TAVR

Apnea testing was performed, and the patient was declared brain dead after approximately 12 minutes. The patient's underlying heart rhythm had remained pulseless electrical activity throughout this time.


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[User] Causes of buried penis

The patient, a 42-year-old Caucasian male with a body mass index of 54, presented to the outpatient clinic with hematuria, purulent, malodorous discharge from the site of his buried penis.


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[User] Causes of chest pain in a patient with a history of lung cancer

The patient, a 60-year-old woman with a history of lung cancer currently in remission, was admitted with complaints of chest pain.


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[User] Causes of chronic atrial fibrillation

The patient had a history of a surgically closed atrial septal defect and chronic atrial fibrillation.


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[User] Causes of chronic refractory cough in adolescents

A history of malignant spindle cell sarcoma of the right lower limb, and had undergone surgery followed by radiotherapy for local control. He was referred to this department following a CT scan of his thorax which revealed a large soft tissue mass in the right lower lobe with extension to the left atrium through the right inferior pulmonary vein and enlarged right paratracheal, subcarinal, and hilar lymph nodes.


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[User] Causes of conjunctival chemosis in the patient's left eye

On slit lamp examination, the conjunctival chemosis was noted on the left eye (OS). However, the specific cause of conjunctival chemosis is not mentioned in the note.


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[User] Causes of death for a patient with histiocytosis

The patient unfortunately died due to pneumonia secondary to neutropenia.


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[User] Causes of death in patients with cardiac metastasis

The patient died in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) on October 26, 2020, due to severe pneumonia. The patient's death was most likely related to severe bacterial pneumonia rather than the adverse effects of immunotherapy.


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[User] Causes of death in small cell lung cancer patients

The patient died due to respiratory failure after being switched to docetaxel and ramucirumab.


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[User] Causes of decreased fetal movement and lower back pain in pregnancy

The patient was admitted to the hospital with a history of reduced fetal movement and lower back pain. The patient was delivered through an emergency caesarean section due to placental abruption and was born without life signs.


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[User] Causes of deep laceration on the foot

The patient was admitted due to a deep laceration on his right foot, which he sustained while cutting steel with an angle grinder. The injury resulted in loss of control and eventual injury, resulting in a 6cm, deep laceration to the dorsum of his right foot.


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[User] Causes of difficulty swallowing

Diagnostic imaging revealed osteophytic spurs in the anterior aspect of C4–5 vertebrae and giant cervical spurs at the ventral portion of the C4–C7 vertebral bodies, protruding ventrally and compressing the esophagus.


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[User] Causes of diffuse parenchymal lung disease

A complete blood count showed leukocytopenia with marked monocytopenia. Immunological assays detected B-cell lymphopenia with predominance of memory B cells, but immunoglobulin levels were normal. Serology corresponded with primary EBV infection, and EBV presence was detected in the bronchial fluid.


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[User] Causes of dilacerated root

The patient had a history of trauma at the age of 3 to 4 years, which led to the extraction of the deciduous maxillary central incisors due to mobility.


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[User] Causes of elevated AFP and PIVKA-II levels

Because of slow but progressive elevations of the levels of AFP and PIVKA-II, the patient was closely observed by bimonthly computed tomography (CT) analyses of the chest and abdomen-pelvis, as well as monthly tumor marker tests. A single 2 cm-sized mass was found around the transverse colon.


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[User] Causes of elevated CA72-4 levels

Physical examination revealed the presence of an abdominal mass and lab tests showed elevated CA72-4 levels.


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[User] Causes of elevated creatinine levels

The patient was oliguric and in ARF, with a strikingly elevated BUN and creatinine levels that were each about 20 times over the normal limits.


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[User] Causes of elevated liver enzymes

Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen demonstrated metastatic disease to the liver and bones, gallbladder wall edema, and periportal edema within the liver concerning for cholangitis.


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[User] Causes of elevated white blood cell count in this patient

Blood tests showed an elevated white blood cell count, low hemoglobin levels, elevated C-reactive protein, and high serum creatinine levels, which prompted suspicion of a malignant tumor in the uterus or ovary.


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[User] Causes of end-stage renal disease

The patient was admitted for initiation of renal replacement therapy due to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to diabetic nephropathy.


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[User] Causes of eosinophilic infiltration in the intestine

The patient had normal eosinophil count. The histopathological examination of the specimen showed eosinophilic infiltration in all layers of the intestine.


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[User] Causes of exertional dyspnea and decreased SpO2 in IP-SSc patients

Physical examination showed fine crackles in both lower lungs and diffuse dermal sclerosis. The laboratory findings showed elevated WBC count and CRP, and positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) with a speckled pattern. Respiratory function tests showed decreased TLC% and FVC%. Chest HRCT showed an increase in the area of consolidation, GGO, and TBE.


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[User] Causes of exposed bone in mandibular area

The patient presented with acute pain in the left posterior mandible of 1 month's duration. On clinical examination, there was an area of exposed bone in the left mandibular area with purulent discharge and surrounding gingival swelling.


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[User] Causes of extramammary Paget disease

Extramammary Paget disease of the scrotum, treated with imiquimod for 1 year with complete resolution on rebiospy. Metastatic extramammary Paget disease with signet ring differentiation on bone marrow and liver biopsies.


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[User] Causes of fetal bradycardia in pregnancy

There was no evidence of placental abruption or any other cause for fetal bardycardia.


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[User] Causes of floaters in the eyes

The ophthalmic evaluation revealed perivasculitis with granular retinitis lesion superiorly in the right eye and large retinitis lesion superiorly and temporally with retinal vasculitis superior to the disc in the left eye. The diagnosis of bilateral CMV retinitis was made and vitreous biopsy was done, which was negative for all viruses (CMV, VZV, HSV) and Toxoplasma.


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[User] Causes of fulminant pneumococcal meningoencephalitis

Autopsy results revealed massive pus accumulation and hemorrhage in the lumbar epidural space and brain. Immunohistochemistry of the spinal cord section confirmed a postmortem diagnosis of fulminant pneumococcal meningoencephalitis that evolved from SEH.


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[User] Causes of gait disturbance in renal failure patients

Laboratory evaluation revealed high blood urea and serum creatinine, suggestive of renal failure. Neurologic examination revealed bilateral decrease in pinprick sensation affecting the hands in a non-dermatomal distribution, and bilateral positive Hoffman's reflexes.


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[User] Causes of gradual deterioration in vision

The patient was admitted to the hospital for gradual deterioration in vision in both eyes for the past few years.


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[User] Causes of haemolytic anaemia in infants

Causes of haemolytic anaemia and blood loss were excluded, due to persistently high reticulocyte count.


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[User] Causes of hepatic encephalopathy

hepatic encephalopathy was entertained as the presumptive diagnosis. Further diagnostic imaging revealed 2 large intrahepatic venous malformations manifesting as a portovenous shunt.


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[User] Causes of hepatocellular adenoma

The patient is a 44-year-old female with a history of long-term oral contraceptive use leading to hepatocellular adenoma and subsequent rupture.


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[User] Causes of heterotopic ossification in hip replacement patients

The patient presented with hip joint ankylosis and evidence of severe heterotopic ossification (HO) around the hip joint, indicating loosening of the acetabular cup.


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[User] Causes of high cancer antigen 19-9 levels

Blood tests showed no increase in inflammatory marker, but a high cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) level was observed.


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[User] Causes of hyperkalaemic episodes

The patient had a history of hypertension and uninephrectomy years earlier because of a ‘small contracted’ kidney, which might have contributed to the hyperkalaemic episodes.


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[User] Causes of hypoalbuminemia

On admission, common causes of hypoalbuminemia such as protein-losing enteropathy and nephrotic syndrome were excluded, and enteral tube feeding was started with protein plus multi-fiber.


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[User] Causes of hypoglycemia in pancreatic tumor patients

The patient was admitted to the hospital with hypoglycemic episodes and elevated insulin levels.


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[User] Causes of hypokalemia in chronic diarrhea

Hypokalemia was one of the laboratory findings revealed in the patient upon admission to the Nephrology Department due to chronic diarrhea, fatigue, and reduced urine output.


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[User] Causes of hypoparathyroidism

The patient was diagnosed with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism after ruling out other causes of hypoparathyroidism.


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[User] Causes of hypotension in a patient with chronic kidney disease

The patient was admitted to the ICU for clinical bacteremia with hypotension, fever, and pulmonary edema after experiencing signs of an upper respiratory infection.


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[User] Causes of hypotension in this patient

The patient was found to be hypotensive and in cardiogenic shock. Despite medical management, the hypotension was refractory.


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[User] Causes of immunosuppression in this patient

Workup for the underlying causes was negative, making ICL the most probable diagnosis. Further workup was done to look for possible immunosuppression, which showed low CD4/CD8 ratio and low CD4 T-cell count.


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[User] Causes of increased viral load in hepatitis B treatment

The patient was found to have the rtS106C mutation associated with tenofovir resistance, as well as other mutation sites associated with virologic breakthrough.


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[User] Causes of inflammatory hyperplasia in the palatal area

The patient's upper denture had extensive wear and tear and an inflammatory hyperplasia in the palatal region.


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[User] Causes of intestinal perforation during chemotherapy

Intestinal perforation during chemotherapy can be explained by necrotizing enteritis in the presence of neutropenia, metastatic tumor infiltration, and direct intestinal damage by chemotherapeutic agents characterized by mitotic arrest.


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[User] Causes of intradural extramedullary subdural hematoma

There was no evidence of a vascular or neoplastic lesion. Pathological samples taken at the time of surgery demonstrated acute hematoma with fragments of leptomeninges and meningothelial cells.


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[User] Causes of intraventricular hemorrhage in newborns

The patient was born through vaginal delivery and had no perinatal complications. Further investigation revealed low fibrinogen levels and an abnormally low FVII activity.


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[User] Causes of irregular vaginal bleeding during pregnancy

The patient presented with irregular vaginal bleeding during the first trimester of her pregnancy, which was established by repeated embryonal transfer.


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[User] Causes of jaundice in patients with metastatic disease

Eight days after the first infusion, she presented to the emergency department with jaundice. Liver function tests were markedly deranged.


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[User] Causes of jaundice in the elderly

His admission laboratory results were significant for elevated liver enzymes and bilirubin levels, consistent with a diagnosis of drug-induced liver disease (DILD) due to amiodarone and over-the-counter herbal supplements.


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[User] Causes of left carinal mass in pregnancy

Rapid plasma reagin, antiphospholipid antibodies, antibody to ds-DNA, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were negative. Repeat serology for HIV three months after her first serologic test was negative, and her partner was also seronegative.


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[User] Causes of left motor deficit

The patient was admitted to the emergency department due to sudden onset of left motor deficit. A brain MRI showed an ischaemic lesion over the inner surface of the right frontal lobe, extending to the right cingulate gyrus, corresponding also to pericallosal artery territory, with concomitant acute ipsilateral lesions on the corona radiata and frontoopercular region.


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[User] Causes of lower abdominal pain in males

The patient presented to the medicine clinic with pain in the abdomen for the last 10 months, which progressed from the upper to the lower abdomen.


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[User] Causes of lower fibrinogen concentration

The patient was referred to Shinshu University Hospital to investigate the cause of lower fibrinogen concentration.


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[User] Causes of mandibular pain and swelling

Blood tests were unremarkable, ruling out inflammation, and dental infection was ruled out as the cause of her symptoms. Scans confirmed active mandibular osteomyelitis/osteitis and revealed bilateral palatine tonsils and reactive lymphadenopathy. Considering the patient's clinical and radiological manifestations, SAPHO syndrome was diagnosed.


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[User] Causes of meningoencephalitis in pemphigus vulgaris patients

On day 43 of admission, he developed meningoencephalitis, characterized by sudden onset of fever, meningeal signs, and disturbances of consciousness. The patient was diagnosed with Listeria meningitis.


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[User] Causes of metamorphopsia

The patient presented with bilateral nonexudative AMD and complained of metamorphopsia and vision loss in the left eye.


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[User] Causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia

During her stay, she was found to have microcytic hypochromic anemia and leukocyte esterase on urine analysis.


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[User] Causes of multi-systemic disease in dogs

The patient presented with a multi-systemic disease of unknown etiology characterized by skin lesions, renal disease, thrombocytopenia, and neurological symptoms that progressed during hospitalization.


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[User] Causes of multilobar pneumonia

Blood cultures revealed Streptococcus pneumoniae, which was treated with a 14-day course of broad-spectrum antibiotics.


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[User] Causes of multiple skin nodules in HIV patients

The patient had HIV infection for 10 years and was diagnosed with disseminated cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis 2 years ago.


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[User] Causes of myocarditis

Other etiologies were considered, including viral myocarditis, extraintestinal manifestation of IBD, a vasculitic or autoimmune process, or a drug-induced myocarditis.


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[User] Causes of myospherulosis

Retrograde history revealed no history of intramuscular injection or medication in the last 30 years


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[User] Causes of neck pain and restricted movement

The patient presented with progressively worsening neck pain, restriction of neck movement, and weakness in her right upper limb muscles over the past 3 months. Torticollis was noted with severe restriction of neck movement, and there was weakness of all muscles of her right upper limb, except for small muscles of the hand.


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[User] Causes of necrotizing histiocytic lymphadenitis

Not explicitly mentioned in the note, but the extensive laboratory workup, including CT scans and serology tests, and the biopsy of the peri-portal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes, helped confirm the diagnosis. The final pathology report confirmed necrotizing histiocytic lymphadenitis.


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[User] Causes of neonatal demise in this case

The male partner was found to harbor a balanced translocation involving chromosomes 4 and 18, which was inherited by the patient as an extra copy of chromosome 4(q26-qter), leading to partial trisomy of chromosome 4 and also resulted in neonatal demise of the patient.


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[User] Causes of nocturnal hypoglycemia

The patient was diagnosed with hypoglycemia unawareness from autonomic neuropathy, which made her particularly vulnerable to severe hypoglycemia. ...However, the patient did have a low morning plasma cortisol level, which suggested that her hypoglycemia was most likely caused by an insufficient plasma cortisol concentration between midnight and 6 am.


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[User] Causes of normochromic normocytic anaemia

Endocrine causes for the anaemia were not considered. The anaemia was ascribed to old age and the patient was not followed up.


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[User] Causes of obstructive jaundice after choledochal cyst surgery

She underwent endoscopy, which revealed biliary sludges around micro-coils embedded in biliary-jejunum anastomosis causing obstructive jaundice.


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[User] Causes of palpitations and shortness of breath

The patient presented with occasional palpitations and shortness of breath with exertion for 7 months. Physical exam was positive for a Grade II/IV systolic ejection murmur and delayed upstroke of the peripheral pulses.


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[User] Causes of pancytopenia in cancer patients

The complete blood count reported pancytopenia.


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[User] Causes of paroxysmal exotropia in the left eye

The patient presented with paroxysmal exotropia in the left eye and double vision that lasted about 1 minute.


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[User] Causes of patient's death

The patient recently died from COVID-19 associated pneumonitis after 2 years of follow-up.


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[User] Causes of periorbital swelling

A diagnosis of endogenous Klebsiella pneumoniae panophthalmitis was made. Blood cultures showed growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae.


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[User] Causes of peripheral giant cell granuloma

Contributing triggering factors were eliminated, and the cusp tips of the upper second left molar were smoothed to lessen further mechanical irritation.


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[User] Causes of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

PRES is often caused by severe hypertension.


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[User] Causes of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)

Three days after the second cyclophosphamide pulse, the patient developed several generalized tonic-colonic seizures, with MRI scan revealing high signal intensities on T2-weighted images and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences in the subcortical white matter of the occipital, posterior parietal, and posterior temporal lobes, and the cerebellum.


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[User] Causes of proptosis in adults

The differential diagnosis of proptosis in an adult includes other causes of lacrimal swelling such as dacryoadenitis, benign mixed lacrimal tumors, secondaries from breast in women and prostate in men.


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[User] Causes of rectovaginal fistula

The patient presented with vesicovaginal and rectovaginal fistula due to obstructed labor.


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[User] Causes of recurrent corneal ulcers

The patient's history of recurrent right corneal erosions, which had initially developed due to minor trauma from eyelash plucking. Despite the use of topical prophylactic antibiotics and a bandage contact lens, the patient's vision declined due to central stromal scarring.


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[User] Causes of recurrent medial knee pain after total knee arthroplasty

A small osteophyte at the postero-medial border of the femur was identified, causing localised polyethylene rim wear (non-articulating part) and localised medial synovial reaction, resulting in the patient's recurrent medial knee pain.


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[User] Causes of recurrent urinary tract infections after laparoscopic tubal ligation

Three urinary tract infections occurred in the previous year after laparoscopic tubal ligation and treated with antibiotherapy.


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[User] Causes of reduced DLco

The patient's extensive radiotherapy history for Hodgkin's lymphoma in 1969 and recurrence of the disease in 1973 were noted. In addition, the patient received platinum-containing chemotherapy, resulting in complete remission.


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[User] Causes of refractory septic shock in post-transplant patients

Postmortem preoperative and intraoperative microbiology results were obtained, revealing Streptococcus Constellatus bacteremia, as well as Strep Constellatus and Klebsiella Pneumoniae colonization of the evacuated hematoma.


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[User] Causes of refractory shock and renal shutdown in this patient

The patient developed Type 1 respiratory failure with new-onset lung consolidation, mandating mechanical ventilation. Antibiotics were upgraded for possible hospital-acquired pneumonia. The patient succumbed on day 14 of hospitalization with refractory shock and renal shutdown.


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[User] Causes of renal function deterioration in patient

His creatinine levels had been slowly rising over the years due to hypertensive nephropathy and a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Various infectious diseases were considered and excluded.


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[User] Causes of renal insufficiency in STEC-HUS

The patient developed renal insufficiency, anemia, and thrombocytopenia, likely due to a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia.


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[User] Causes of respiratory failure

The patient presented to the emergency department with respiratory failure due to right-sided massive effusion.


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[User] Causes of retracted nipple

A breast MRI was performed, which revealed bilateral enhancement. A 7 × 5 mm mass-like enhancement was identified in the scar tissue on the left breast, while a non-masslike enhancement was seen on the right, with a ductal-linear distribution measuring 8 x 3mm.


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[User] Causes of right upper extremity paresis in children

The patient, a 10-year-old left-handed male, presented with progressive right upper extremity paresis for over a year. The right lower extremity showed only minor weakness.


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[User] Causes of right-sided painless neck swelling

The patient was diagnosed with a right internal jugular venous ectasia.


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[User] Causes of secondary adrenal insufficiency in newborns

Chromosomal analysis revealed an unknown deletion of the short arm of chromosome 18.


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[User] Causes of secondary infertility

Anovulatory infertility


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[User] Causes of self-inflicted blindness

Self-inflicted blindness secondary to optic nerve damage due to digital pressure with repeated eye subluxation during vigorous itching.