[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] T1D diagnosis and symptoms

The patient, a 15-year-old male, was admitted with symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss. A diagnosis of acute-onset T1D was made, and the patient was treated with IV fluids and insulin therapy for 2 days.


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[User] T1D treatment and management

The patient was treated for hyperglycemia with regular insulin injections along with fluid and electrolyte balance support. Monitoring of blood glucose levels was done to keep them within normal limits. In addition, regular urine output and weight monitoring was conducted to ensure good fluid management.


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[User] T4 laminectomy procedure outcome prognosis

The surgery was successful, and the patient showed improvement in muscle strength. Follow-up with the surgeon who performed the procedure is recommended.


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[User] T4/T5 mass symptoms

The patient was admitted to our hospital with neurologic symptoms related to a T4/T5 mass.


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[User] T7 vertebral body tumor symptoms

The patient was admitted due to severe chest-back pain for 25 days. Physical examination revealed paraspinous muscle tenderness and slight paresthesia of the left lower extremity.


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[User] TAA histopathological characteristics

Histopathological examination revealed well-differentiated dilated tubular structures at the dermis level.


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[User] TAAA surgery follow-up plan

The patient is advised to follow up on their recovery as per the advice of their physician.


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[User] TAE procedure complications

No further bleeding was observed after TAE. The patient was closely monitored in the intensive care unit for 4 days after the procedure.


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[User] TAVR complications

The patient developed hemopericardium and pulseless electrical activity, requiring emergent pericardiocentesis and placement on VA ECMO and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) for cardiogenic shock.


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[User] TB and pregnancy complications

She gave birth to a baby girl 18 days before admission. The infant also received anti-tuberculous therapy and was successfully treated.


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[User] TB diagnosis tests

A CT scan of the thorax revealed dense peripheral consolidation of the right upper lobe with enlarged pre- and paratracheal lymph nodes. Bronchoscopy was conducted, which confirmed acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and a thick pseudomembrane around the right upper lobe bronchial subsegments.


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[User] TB encephalitis symptoms

The patient presented with convulsions, loss of consciousness, tachycardia, low SpO2, and breathing difficulty without headache or vomiting.


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[User] TB infection risk to family members

All the family members of the patient were screened for TB, and the maternal uncle was discovered to have a cavity in his right midzone.


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[User] TB meningitis treatment

Based on the clinical presentation, chest X-ray and CT chest findings, the patient was started on anti-TB therapy.


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[User] TB symptoms in children

The patient was diagnosed with an endobronchial lesion in the distal right main bronchus causing obstructive emphysema and enlarged necrotic mediastinal lymph nodes suggestive of tuberculosis (TB).


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[User] TB treatment duration for children

The patient received ATT for 12 months in view of the delayed response to ATT. The treatment was stopped in July 2010.


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[User] TB treatment options

He was diagnosed with recurrent TB and had a massive left-sided consolidation. Despite being treated with anti-TB medications, his symptoms did not improve.


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[User] TB treatment regimen change

A new drug regimen and a combination of intravenous antibacterial and anti-tuberculous coverage were initiated.


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[User] TB-IRIS symptoms

Four weeks after ART initiation, the patient developed symptoms of pyrexia, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. TB-IRIS was diagnosed based on exclusion of alternative opportunistic infections, malignancy, and autoimmune disease.


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[User] TB-IRIS treatment options

Despite attempts to wean the patient off steroids, she was unable to tolerate a dose of less than 20 mg prednisolone daily.


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[User] TB-PCR test results

Molecular tests including TB-PCR, HSV-PCR, and enterovirus RT-PCR were negative.


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[User] TBI with intracerebral hemorrhages treatment

Various treatments were prescribed, including methylphenidate and olanzapine, but the aphagia and aggression persisted. However, after 1 month of olanzapine treatment, aggression reduced, and oral intake gradually improved.


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[User] TCF4 gene deletion symptoms

The patient presented with developmental delay, unexplained tachypnea, and brief seizures characterized by cyanosis, eye staring, and loss of muscle tone with or without apnea.


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[User] TCZ therapy follow-up and monitoring plan

The patient was advised to continue with TCZ therapy as long as there is no adverse event and will undergo periodic monitoring.


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[User] TDAP flaps for scar contracture treatment

A two-stage operation was planned to resurface the left forefoot and donor site using bilateral TDAP flaps.


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[User] TEVAR procedure complications

After stent insertion to treat a broncho-aortic fistula, the patient was treated with ampicillin/sulbactam and oral amoxicillin/clavulanate, and has not experienced any recurrence of symptoms in the last 3 years.


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[User] TFCC repair via wrist arthroscopy

MRI revealed an edema in the TFCC, which was repaired via wrist arthroscopy.


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[User] TFE3 gene rearrangement symptoms

A 34-year-old African American female patient was admitted with a 6-month history of dull left-sided flank pain.


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[User] TIA from tonsillar arteriovenous malformation symptoms

The patient was admitted to the ED with complaints of left arm and leg weakness. Physical examination noted enlargement of the right tonsillar region with four of five strength of the left upper and lower extremities along with decreased light touch and pain sensation.


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[User] TIMI III flow post stenting complications

Following the coronary angiogram, the patient underwent direct stenting using drug-eluting stent without complications and achieved TIMI III flow following the procedure.


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[User] TINU diagnosis criteria

Based on the combination of uveitis and TIN, TINU was diagnosed and the patient was treated with one course of steroid pulse therapy.


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[User] TINU follow-up care

Ocular and oral administration of steroids is being continued. No further information on progression or follow-up was available at the time of discharge.


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[User] TINU steroid treatment duration

The patient was treated with one course of steroid pulse therapy (methylprednisolone, 1000 mg/day for 3 days). Oral administration of prednisolone 30 mg, which was subsequently tapered.


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[User] TINU syndrome symptoms

The patient presented with a history of recurrent febrile illness and recurrent attacks of redness, pain, and blurring of vision in both eyes that lasted for five months.


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[User] TINU syndrome treatment

The patient was treated with topical steroid and cycloplegic therapy in both eyes, which led to a marked improvement in his symptoms. The patient was advised oral mycophenolate mofetil and oral prednisolone, along with regular follow-up visits.


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[User] TIPS implantation complications

However, the aneurysm persisted after TIPS procedure visible in ultrasound examination, and due to the patient's social background and the volatility of her personal situation after hospital discharge, complete surgical removal of the aneurysm was suggested.


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[User] TIPS procedure complications

The patient should also be monitored for potential complications from the TIPS procedure, such as hepatic encephalopathy, and receive appropriate treatment if necessary.


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[User] TKA surgery procedure

The surgery was performed in 2005 using a Howmedica Modular Reconstruction System (HMRS) with correction of the LLD and the varus deformity. A lateral release incision was performed, and skin closure was feasible without tension.


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[User] TLIF surgery risks

Intraoperative fluoroscopy showed that both cages impinged on their respective vertebral bodies' anterior border, posing a significant risk of major organ/vessel injury, deep vein thrombosis, and/or nerve injury.


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[User] TMJ ankylosis symptoms in canines

The dog had a 4-mm mouth opening with minimal space between the maxillary and mandibular incisor teeth and atrophy of the temporal and masseter muscles.


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[User] TMJ clicking treatment options

The patient underwent treatments such as functional orthopedics, myorelaxant splints, manual therapies, laser, acupuncture, antidepressants, and various analgesics for two years without significant improvement. The patient then underwent joint decompression orthopedic neurophysiological alignment of the mandible, which showed improvements in muscle recruitment based on Learreta's EMG test.


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[User] TMJ decompression success rate

The patient's case illustrates the potential benefits of joint decompression orthopedic neurophysiological alignment of the mandible. After five months of treatment, the patient's symptoms resolved, and there was a significant improvement within 60 days of decompression.


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[User] TMJ dislocation symptoms

The patient presented to the emergency department with 'lockjaw' and associated left jaw pain. Upon examination, the patient was found to have his mouth symmetrically open with his lower mandible protruding forward. Mild tenderness was noted upon palpation of the left ramus and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with no significant periauricular depressions.


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[User] TMJ mass treatment options

The multidisciplinary surgical management involved a left pterional craniotomy and facial approach with partial left mandibulectomy for complete tumor resection and restoration of mandibular function.


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[User] TMJ pain and swelling symptoms

The patient presented with complaints of pain and diffuse swelling in the left temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and ramus region for the past 18-20 years.


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[User] TMJ pain treatment options

The patient underwent single-stage surgery, which included a Right mandibular low condylectomy to remove the tumor, bilateral TMJ disc repositioning with Mitek anchors, bilateral ramus osteotomies to shift the mandible back to the facial midline, and multiple maxillary osteotomies for alignment.


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[User] TMJ pain treatment with orthotics

An orthotic was maintained throughout the treatment and beyond after discharge. The patient then underwent a second phase of treatment with three-dimensional volumetric orthodontics to replace the orthotic with teeth, keeping the vertical position and, therefore, joint spaces.


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[User] TMJ synovial chondromatosis symptoms

The patient experienced pain in the left TMJ area and limited mouth opening with a clicking sensation in the left preauricular area.


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[User] TMJ synovial chondromatosis treatment plan

The patient underwent arthrotomy surgery under general anesthesia with a preauricular approach to gain access to the left TMJ. The TMJ capsule was opened, discharging a viscous fluid containing many opalescent, glistening loose bodies.


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[User] TRAS treatment options

The affected renal artery was endovascularly stented following selective cannulation. The patient was discharged on dual antiplatelet therapy and immune-suppressive drugs.


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[User] TRIP11-PDGFRB rearrangement treatment options

The patient was treated for t-MN with a TRIP11-PDGFRB rearrangement. Further treatment options were discussed with the patient, and he was advised to continue regular follow-up appointments as per standard practice.


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[User] TRUS biopsy complications

The patient was admitted to our clinic after presenting with acute onset back pain and nausea three weeks following a TRUS biopsy. ... The patient was diagnosed with vertebral osteomyelitis following TRUS biopsy.


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[User] TSC common manifestations

Manifestations of the disease in this patient included bilateral renal angiomyolipomas, lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA).


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[User] TSC treatment plan

The patient was treated and monitored closely while in the hospital until seizure episodes were under control. The treatment plan was decided by the attending physician, and the patient was able to go home without any further complications.


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[User] TSEN54-related PCH symptoms

The patient presented with involuntary muscle contractions consistent with seizure-like activity. She had a history of feeding difficulties and underwent gastrostomy tube placement. An EEG was performed which revealed no electrographic seizures, but with abnormal brain activity. Further tests did not reveal any metabolic disorders or genetic diagnoses.


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[User] TSH levels after levothyroxine treatment

Further laboratory testing on HD2 showed a reduction in TSH to 32.04 mIU/L with FT4 at 0.3 ng/dL, and on HD3 it was 1.65 mIU/L with a FT4 of 0.6 ng/dL. Approximately 10 weeks after the second dose reduction, the patient's TSH level was 0.83 mIU/L.


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[User] TSH-producing pituitary macroadenoma treatment

Following a diagnosis of TSH-producing pituitary macroadenoma, hypopituitarism, and Hashimoto thyroiditis, the patient underwent total resection of the pituitary adenoma through trans-sphenoidal neurosurgery.


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[User] TTE results for valvular abnormalities

TTE showed no valvular abnormalities.


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[User] TTP diagnosis criteria

Patient was diagnosed with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) based on the clinical symptoms and laboratory tests.


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[User] TTP treatment plan

The patient was treated with methylprednisolone, therapeutic plasma exchange, and rituximab.


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[User] TUR-P procedure post-operative care

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) was performed after serum creatinine stabilization. Conservative measures such as low-protein diet and increased oral hydration were recommended.


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[User] TURBT post-operative care

Following removal of catheter, there were some complications such as urinary retention and peritonitis, but the patient was managed conservatively with analgesia, antibiotics and a 16 F indwelling catheter for 4 weeks.


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[User] TURBT procedure complications

The postoperative course was uneventful.


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[User] TYMP gene mutation effect

A genetic screening of the TYMP gene identified two homozygous contiguous mutations (c. 1283G>A, c. 1284 T>A), affecting the same codon (GGT>GAA).


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[User] Takayasu arteritis diagnosis criteria

After one year of follow-up with detailed clinical assessment and continuation of medical management of heart failure, the patient was diagnosed with Takayasu arteritis based on evidence of significant stenosis at first part of left subclavian artery and at the origin of left vertebral artery on digital subtraction angiography.


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[User] Takayasu arteritis symptoms

The patient was admitted to our hospital with complaints of right neck pain and swelling which had been ongoing for 6 months.


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[User] Takayasu's arteritis symptoms in children

The patient presented with sudden weakness of the left arm, left leg, and left face, along with hypertension, carotid bruit, and pulse deficit, and was diagnosed with Takayasu's arteritis (TA), based on clinical features and imaging studies.


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[User] Takayasu's arteritis treatment protocol

Intravenous pulse methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone and aspirin, intravenous cyclophosphamide for 6 months, control of blood pressure using atenolol and amlodipine, and prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jirovecii with cotrimoxazole.


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[User] Takotsubo cardiomyopathy causes

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy was diagnosed, but the note does not explicitly state its causes. However, the patient's family history of cardiovascular disease might contribute to her condition.


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[User] Takotsubo cardiomyopathy diagnosis criteria

The peak troponin I level was significantly elevated, suggesting cardiac damage. The peak B-type natriuretic peptide level was also elevated, confirming the diagnosis of heart failure. The electrocardiogram showed ST-segment and T-wave changes in the inferior and anterior leads.


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[User] Takotsubo cardiomyopathy symptoms

The patient had a history of chest pain for three years. The pain was intermittent, occurred after emotional stress, and was not associated with any signs of infection, such as cough or diarrhea. The chest pain episodes were characterized by dynamic ST-segment and T-wave changes in the ECG.


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[User] Takotsubo cardiomyopathy treatment options

The patient was treated with β-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and mineral receptor antagonist.


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[User] Takotsubo syndrome and coronary artery disease correlation

The patient then proceeded to an urgent coronary angiography, which revealed angiographically normal coronary arteries.


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[User] Takotsubo syndrome symptoms

The patient presented obtunded with hundreds of bee stings all over her body, including her face, upper chest, and lower extremities. Upon arrival, her blood pressure was 98 mm Hg systolic, heart rate 105 beats/min, respiratory rate of 26 breaths/min, and oxygen saturation of 94% on supplemental oxygen.


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[User] Talon cusp diagnosis

Intraoral examination revealed findings contributory to the patient's complaint. It was discovered that the permanent mandibular left central and lateral incisors were fused, and an accessory cusp-like projection on the lingual aspect resembling a talon cusp was present.


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[User] Tap water iontophoresis side effects

No side-effects were observed, except for the onset of some transient white papules on the palms associated with a tolerable fleeting burning sensation, which both decreased gradually over the therapeutic sessions.


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[User] Taxotere and gemcitabine chemotherapy response

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with Taxotere and gemcitabine showed partial response of the retroperitoneal mass without changes in the liver.


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[User] Tc-99m DMSA scan results

The Tc-99m DMSA scan revealed a left ectopic thoracic kidney with normal cortical function.


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[User] Tc-99m macrosalb injection side effects

Within one minute after a Tc-99m Macrosalb injection, the patient developed itching all over the body, including an itching throat, and dyspnoea. Subsequently, within a period of 5 minutes, urticaria emerged.


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[User] TdP treatment options for COVID-19 patients

The patient developed recurrent episodes of Torsades de Pointes (TdP) without hemodynamic collapse, despite aggressive electrolyte replacements and antiarrhythmic therapy.


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[User] Tectal plate glioma symptoms

The patient presented to our hospital with complaints of headache and diplopia.


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[User] Tectal plate glioma treatment options

The patient underwent ETV, following which his neurological symptoms improved. The patient's family did not want further treatment such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy.


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[User] Teeth discoloration causes

The patient was admitted to the department for evaluation of yellowing of teeth.


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[User] Temporal lobe abnormalities treatment

The patient was started on supportive treatment, and observation was suggested.


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[User] Temporal lobe lesion symptoms

The patient presented with headache, occasional vomiting, loss of appetite, and lethargy. Examination revealed loss of affect and impaired short-term memory.


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[User] Temporal lobe tumor recurrence treatment

The patient underwent emergency radical decompression of the tumor with similar results to the previous surgery. The tumor was treated with combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy.


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[User] Temporoparietal fascial flap procedure

A temporoparietal fascial flap including deep temporal fascia was harvested with 5cm of pericranium in the distal end to add bulk.


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[User] Teriparatide treatment for low bone mineral density

The patient's medical treatment was initiated with a daily subcutaneous injection of teriparatide along with calcium and vitamin D supplementation.


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[User] Terminal 9.7 Mb deletion at Xp22.2 implications

Microarray analysis revealed a terminal 9.7 Mb deletion at Xp22.2 resulting in the absence of genes from the telomere of Xp to GPR143 of Xp22. Further investigations showed an almost hypoplastic olfactory bulb and an ill-defined olfactory tract and sulci.


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[User] Terminal ileum wall thickening treatment

The patient's fever and diarrhea subsided within 10 days of antimicrobial therapy, and his laboratory parameters returned to the reference range at discharge.


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[User] Termination of pregnancy procedure

The parents decided to undergo elective termination of pregnancy in accordance with Spanish legislation. A vaginal delivery was induced with local prostaglandins without complications.


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[User] Tessier-0 cleft treatment options

Modified box osteotomy surgery was performed, where the orbital floor osteotomy was carried out, followed by bilateral osteotomy cuts on the anterior maxilla, to mobilize the right and left orbitomaxillary segments to stabilize in the midline using transosseous wiring.


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[User] Testicular malignancy diagnosis criteria

Despite normal chest X-ray and serum testicular tumor markers, testicular malignancy was a suspected concern.


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[User] Testosterone enanthate therapy outcomes

He was treated with monthly injections of testosterone enanthate, which resulted in a significant gain of 8.7 cm in height over 1.75 years.


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[User] Th12 compression fracture symptoms

The patient was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of back pain and the inability to walk after lifting heavy weights.


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[User] Thalamic infarction cognitive symptoms

The patient is to continue follow-up care with their primary care physician for persistent cognitive dysfunction, memory decline, mental decline, vertical fixation paralysis, no fluency in speech, and unstable emotions.


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[User] Thanatophoric Dysplasia diagnosis

Initial ultrasonographic examination indicated abnormal growth in twin B, which was diagnosed as type-1 Thanatophoric Dysplasia (TD).


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[User] Thiamine deficiency treatment Wernicke-encephalopathy

The patient was immediately administered intravenous thiamine.


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[User] Thiamine treatment for suspected TD

The patient was suspected of TD, and the serum thiamine level measurement was programmed, but the vitamin was not administered.


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[User] Third webspace burial neuroma complex symptoms

The patient presented with isolated right fourth toe pain that had persisted for 12 months.


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[User] Thoracic aortic aneurysm treatment

Thoracic aorta computed tomography scan revealed thoracic aortic aneurysm rupture, which was immediately treated with surgery involving the right femoral artery puncture, aortic angiography, and endovascular repair.


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[User] Thoracic aortic saccular aneurysm treatment options

The patient underwent surgery to replace the distal aortic arch by blood vessel prosthesis due to an atherosclerotic saccular aneurysm which was 40 mm in diameter, protruding downward, and compressing the recurrent laryngeal nerve.


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[User] Thoracic cavity tumour resection procedure

The tumour was surgically resected completely through a posterolateral thoracotomy with careful dissection of the tumour mass.


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[User] Thoracic esophageal cancer symptoms

Patient presented with dysphagia.


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[User] Three-way translocation in AML treatment

The patient underwent conventional karyotyping and FISH which revealed a three-way translocation t(9;12;22)(q34;q13;q11) on 15/15 metaphases.


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[User] Thrombocythaemia treatment options

The patient was diagnosed with essential thrombocythaemia 10 years prior, which was managed with hydroxycarbamide.


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[User] Thrombocytopenia diagnosis criteria

Differential diagnoses, including viral infection, autoimmune disease, and medication-induced thrombocytopenia, were ruled out. As a result, a diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) induced by the booster dose of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine was made.


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[User] Thrombosis of the sagittal vein symptoms

A computed tomography of the brain with contrast showed diffuse meningeal enhancement, white matter edema of the left brain hemisphere and a filling defect at the confluence of the transverse cerebral veins suggesting thrombosis of the sagittal vein.


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[User] Thrombotic microangiopathy diagnosis

A kidney biopsy was performed, revealing the presence of TMA along with other pathological findings. Plasma-soluble C5b-9 complement levels, complement factor Ba levels, and complement 5a levels were found to be elevated, and complement 3 and 4 levels were reduced.


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[User] Thrombotic microangiopathy symptoms

The patient was admitted to Sanjo General Hospital for maintenance hemodialysis and rehabilitation due to acute kidney injury (AKI) with hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia.


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[User] Thymic epithelial tumour treatment options

The multidisciplinary team (MDT) reviewed her case, and the decision was made to treat this lady with palliative chemotherapy due to the extensive tumour invasion and failure of initial therapy.


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[User] Thyroid carcinoma diagnosis confirmation

Gene mutation analysis confirmed the presence of an NRAS 61 mutation. Immunohistochemistry testing for HBME-1 and galectin-3 was positive.


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[User] Thyroid carcinoma treatment options

The patient underwent transsphenoidal surgery for a pituitary macroadenoma, followed by thyroidectomy with radioactive iodine treatment for papillary thyroid carcinoma and cervical lymph node metastases.


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[User] Thyroid storm treatment

She was treated with propranolol, PTU, and solumedrol.


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[User] Tibial tubercle avulsion fracture symptoms

The patient presented to the hospital with left knee pain and inability to walk after a mechanical fall on ice. Examination revealed a compromised extensor mechanism and a palpable defect at the inferior insertion of the patellar tendon.


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[User] Tick-borne encephalitis virus symptoms

The patient was hospitalised in late July with symptoms of meningitis, including nausea, vomiting, headache, photophobia, and neck and back pain.


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[User] Tietze syndrome symptoms

The patient was admitted with symptoms of fever and pain in the left costosternal junctions of his third and fourth ribs.


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[User] Timeline for follow-up care after hydatidiform mole evacuation

A repeat thyroid function test 2 weeks later showed results within normal limits, and the beta-hCG level dropped down to 82,085 after 48 h of evacuation.


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[User] Timeline for resolution of hydrocephalus symptoms

The headache resolved within 4 hours, and there were no further clinical events during hospitalization.


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[User] Tinea capitis diagnosis procedure

A skin biopsy was performed to exclude cutaneous lupus erythematosus. However, the trichoscopic findings revealed scant scalp scaling alongside comma-shaped, corkscrew, and zigzag hairs, pustules, and peripilar casts, leading to a diagnosis of tinea capitis (TC).


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[User] Tinea capitis symptoms

The patient presented to the outpatient clinic with a complaint of patchy hair loss and slight pruritus of the scalp.


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[User] Tinea capitis treatment

The patient was treated with oral itraconazole and topical clotrimazole.


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[User] Tinea unguium treatment

The patient underwent itraconazole pulse therapy for the treatment of T. rubrum, which was successful.


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[User] Titanium hypersensitivity treatment

The patient was diagnosed with hypersensitivity to titanium, and additional surgery on the femoral side was considered unnecessary. The patient was able to resume practicing judo without any instability. The patient can be discharged with recommendations for continued rehabilitation and consultation with an allergist for managing hypersensitivity.


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[User] Todd's paralysis vs Central Cord Syndrome

On hospital Day 7, the patient was diagnosed with Central Cord Syndrome (CCS) after MRI of the cervical spine was performed, which showed high signal intensity in C1 of the cervical spinal cord.


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[User] Tolvaptan treatment for hyponatremia

Tolvaptan treatment was started which assisted in raising her serum [Na+] levels to a normal range of 141 mmol/L at follow-up.


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[User] Tongue cancer treatment complications

The patient underwent resection of the mandibular area with plate reconstruction for treatment of tongue cancer, which resulted in surgical site infection and subsequent removal of the plate. The patient then underwent reoperation involving a free abdominal muscle flap with vascular anastomosis and partial mandibular resection with tracheostomy.


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[User] Tonsillectomy procedure risks

The patient underwent sleep endoscopy to evaluate for the presence of obstructive airway pathology. No instrumentation of the airway was performed prior to sleep endoscopy. Anesthesia was induced with inhaled anesthetics, an IV was placed, and a propofol drip was started and titrated. Once the patient was snoring, a 4-mm flexible laryngoscope was used to examine the airway.


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[User] Tonsillitis diagnosis

Throat examination revealed enlarged and red tonsils with exudate. Tonsil and throat swab were done for microbiological examination and the findings showed gonorrhea infection.


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[User] Tooth discoloration symptoms and diagnosis

Clinical examination revealed discoloration of 4 permanent lower incisors and the permanent mandibular first molar teeth. Some chipped enamel was also evident on the labial surface of the lower permanent incisors. The lower permanent molars were attrited occlusally.


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[User] Tooth extraction procedure

The patient underwent surgical treatment with removal of bone sequestration and teeth, including antibiotic therapy.


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[User] Tooth fragment reattachment success rate

The chosen treatment was a less invasive technique that does not involve surgical procedures or anesthesia, reduces the possibility of gingival recession and promotes an immediate repair of the aesthetics and function of the fractured tooth.


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[User] Tooth replantation procedure

The avulsed tooth was soaked in 2% sodium fluoride gel and carefully repositioned within the alveolar socket. The tooth was splinted with round wire (0.028 inch) and light cure resin composite, which was left in place for two weeks.


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[User] Topical antibiotics treatment plan

The patient was prescribed some topical antibiotics to alleviate the symptoms of the lesions but had minimal response.


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[User] Topical corticosteroid treatment for scarring alopecia

She was given a topical corticosteroid for symptomatic relief of itching and inflammation.


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[User] Topical medication for superficial perivascular dermatitis

The skin lesions resolved in a week. The patient's parents were instructed to continue with cetirizine for pruritus and topical 0.05% betamethasone dipropionate cream was added.


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[User] Torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia treatment

Five hours after admission she suffered from convulsions and was diagnosed with Torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia. A bolus injection of intravenous magnesium converted her arrhythmia to normal and she recovered soon after.


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[User] Total right salphingo-oophorectomy with hysterectomy complications

Post-operation, the patient showed respiratory acidosis caused by hypoxia and hypercapnea. A large amount of right-sided pleural effusion was also considered, and a chest tube was inserted. Pleural effusion was drained, and chest radiography confirmed the tube's position, which was devoid of malignant cells.


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[User] Total thyroidectomy complications

The thyroid function was normal, and there were no significant complications post-surgery.


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[User] Total thyroidectomy for intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma

The patient underwent a total thyroidectomy in February 2018, which confirmed intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma infiltrating into the surrounding thyroid tissue with positive resection margins.


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[User] Tracheal leiomyoma recurrence rate

No evidence of recurrence or other problems for 1 year after surgery


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[User] Tracheal mass symptoms

The patient presented with a tracheal mass causing dyspnea. A 52-year-old man was admitted because of a tracheal mass that had caused dyspnea for the previous 10 months.


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[User] Tracheobronchial Osteochondromatosis diagnosis methods

Further investigations with chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) showed subsegmental collapse with bronchiectasis of the right middle lobe and nodular calcified excrescences were seen protruding into the lumen of trachea and main bronchi. Flexible bronchoscopy showed nodular whitish granular excrescences along the anterolateral wall of the trachea and main bronchi, sparing the posterior wall.


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[User] Tracheobronchial Osteochondromatosis symptoms

The patient presented with chronic productive cough with greenish sputum for the past six months. He had intermittent fever with no symptom of breathlessness or haemoptysis.


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[User] Tracheobronchial Osteochondromatosis treatment plan

The patient was treated with a course of intravenous antibiotic and was subsequently discharged well and scheduled for follow-up and bronchoscopy surveillance.


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[User] Tracheostomy indications

After 10 days in the ICU, a tracheostomy was performed.


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[User] Tracheotomy and partial thyroidectomy complications

The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit postoperatively but unfortunately experienced complications due to surgical site infection and multiple organ failure that precluded antineoplastic therapy.


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[User] Tramadol for post-operative pain

A conservative regimen including pain killer Tramadol was unsuccessful.


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[User] Transesophageal echocardiography findings

Transesophageal echocardiography detected two mobile masses attached to the mitral valve leaflet without significant mitral stenosis or regurgitation. A thrombus was also found in the left auricular appendage.


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[User] Transient myeloproliferative disorder treatment in Down syndrome

The patient received antileukemic treatment with cytosine-arabinoside due to persistent hyperleukocytosis and respiratory compromise.


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[User] Trastuzumab administration schedule

Additional 14 treatments with trastuzumab every 3 weeks as monotherapy.


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[User] Traumatic brain injury cervical spinal cord symptoms

Clinical Findings: The patient presented with reduced cervical range of motion, short neck, low posterior hairline, apparent cervical kyphoscoliosis, and tetraplegia. Hypoalgesia below T2 level was noted.


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[User] Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage treatment

The patient was started on 500 mg of levetiracetam intravenously administered twice daily for seizure prophylaxis.


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[User] Treatment adjusted due to optical attack

On day 115, the patient had an optical attack of Behçet's disease; since this attack, he has been treated additionally with infliximab.


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[User] Treatment and medications used for Listeria monocytogenes infection

The patient was treated with a six-week course of IV ampicillin and gentamicin.


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[User] Treatment associated adverse events

Patients presented with a mild rash, and no treatment associated adverse events were found according to CTCAE grades.


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[User] Treatment duration for Substance-induced Psychotic Disorder

With continued treatment, symptoms resolved within three days.


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[User] Treatment duration for acute promyelocytic leukemia

After 3 months of induction therapy, he achieved molecular complete remission. The patient received three consolidation therapies and has maintained complete molecular remission for more than 2 years.


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[User] Treatment duration for pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis

The treatment duration was 17 days, with 13 sessions.


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[User] Treatment for AOSD

The patient was treated with oral prednisolone in tapering doses, and he responded immediately to the first dose.


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[User] Treatment for Boerhaave's syndrome

Oesophagogastroscopy with CO2 insufflation and intraluminal endoscopic negative pressure therapy (ENPT) were performed to treat the Boerhaave defect.


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[User] Treatment for CADM

The patient was treated with a combination of intravenous infusions of rituximab, iv prednisolone, and iv immunoglobulin, after which she experienced a rapid clinical response.


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[User] Treatment for CMV infection in SCID patients

The patient was admitted again with CMV infection, which responded well to ganciclovir.


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[User] Treatment for CO poisoning

Therapeutic hypothermia was administered to prevent hypoxic brain damage. V-V ECMO maintenance and PMX-DHP were conducted to prevent further development of cytokine storm.


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[User] Treatment for DRESS syndrome

Prednisolone and salazopyrine were stopped, and treatment with oral prednisolone was initiated. Liver function tests steadily improved, and the fever had subsided within 24 hours and normalized over the subsequent 4 weeks.


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[User] Treatment for Dent's disease

He remained polyuric with daily urine output averaging 4 L and 0.8 g/dL proteinuria, despite undergoing treatment with oral fludrocortisone and high dose oral desmopressin.


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[User] Treatment for Descemet's detachment after phacoemulsification

Air was injected into the anterior chamber immediately, but the detachment persisted on subsequent follow-ups. ... Perfluro-n-octane was injected as a single bubble in the fourth postoperative day post phacoemulsification, and the patient was instructed to maintain the head end elevated position for 2 weeks.


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[User] Treatment for Dirofilaria repens in eye

The patient was immediately taken up for surgical removal of the worm from the anterior chamber to avoid posterior migration of the worm.


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[User] Treatment for Ebola virus disease

Treatment was initiated based on suspected malaria, but the patient was not treated for EVD as she was not considered an EVD suspect case at that time.


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[User] Treatment for H. cinaedi bacteremia

Treatment with intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam and sulbactuam/ampicillin was administered. Oral minocycline hydrochloride was also prescribed to prevent H. cinaedi bacteremia during the remaining chemotherapy cycles.


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[User] Treatment for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

He was treated with plasma exchange, hemodialysis, and red blood cell transfusion for aHUS plus acute renal failure.


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[User] Treatment for IE (inflammatory enteropathy)

Due to deteriorating nutritional status, Mr. X underwent surgical resection of the region of stenosis. Based on findings from the resected specimen, the patient was diagnosed with IE.


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[User] Treatment for Kaposi's Sarcoma

The patient was placed under a four-drug anti-tuberculosis regimen consisting of Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol, followed by a dual therapy based on Isoniazid and Rifampin for two months.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] Treatment for Kaposi's sarcoma

A multidisciplinary team initiated treatment with liposomal doxorubicin 20 mg/m2 to reduce underlying tumor. The patient continued with his chemotherapy regimen with continued response to his systemic lesions.


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[User] Treatment for Kawasaki disease

At the fifth day of fever, 2 g/kg IVIg was administered in association with high-dose aspirin. Due to the failure of the first IVIg dose, a second one was given after 36 h achieving apyrexia. At 3 days later, fever recurred, and blood exams confirmed the persistence of elevated inflammatory markers, albeit a new cardiac evaluation again ruled out the presence of coronary lesions. Hence, ANA was started at a dosage of 4 mg/kg/day subcutaneously.


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[User] Treatment for Lance Adams syndrome

The patient was treated with acetazolamide 250 mg bid to alleviate the condition, but no significant progress was observed. Thus, in August 2019, perampanel use was adopted due to the emerging reports of its effectiveness in myoclonic disorders.


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[User] Treatment for Leishmania infection

Treatment with liposomal Amphotericin B was performed for ten days, leading to a complete recovery.


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[User] Treatment for Leptotrichia species infections

The bandage contact lens was discontinued, and the patient was transitioned to fortified tobramycin and cefazolin drops with continued improvement of the ulcer and resolution of the hypopyon.


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[User] Treatment for MPA with renal involvement

The patient was diagnosed with MPA and initiated on methylprednisolone followed by prednisolone. Cyclophosphamide was started but discontinued due to pancytopenia.


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[User] Treatment for NICTH associated with GIST producing IGF-2

The doctors initiated prednisolone therapy which resulted in immediate improvement of the patient's blood glucose level.


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[User] Treatment for Nocardia abscessus infection

He was treated with imipenem and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole after the fungal culture from the bronchial washings came back positive for Nocardia abscessus.


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[User] Treatment for PIMS-TS

Immunomodulatory therapy with immunoglobulin G (2 gr/kg BW on two consecutive days) and high dose acetylsalicylic acid


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[User] Treatment for Roger's syndrome

SA was put on high dose of oral thiamine (75 mg daily). The patient was followed closely and clinical assessment and investigation were done every three to 4 weeks of treatment.


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[User] Treatment for STEMI

The patient was subsequently loaded with aspirin and prasugrel prior to emergent cardiac catheterization.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] Treatment for Segmental Colitis Associated with Diverticulosis

The patient was given corticosteroids and 5-amino-salicylate derivatives, as well supportive treatment (blood transfusions, antibiotics—Ciprofloxacin orally, glucose, electrolytes, and analgesics). Corticosteroid therapy was tapered after 6 weeks, and the patient was given only 5-ASA (mesalazine) instead.


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[User] Treatment for Spetzler-Martin Grade 5 arteriovenous malformation

The patient was admitted to the neurosurgical ICU for observation. However, the patient's headache improved shortly thereafter, and a ventricular drain was deemed unnecessary.


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[User] Treatment for TB

Following the TB culture and sensitivity results, the patient was commenced on a TB regimen consisting of rifampicin, pyrazinamide, moxifloxacin and ethambutol. Empirically, he was also started on dexamethasone with a standard wean (reducing by 0.1 mg/kg per week).


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[User] Treatment for Takayasu arteritis

The patient was treated with antitubercular therapy, oral prednisone, and low-dose aspirin for its antithromboxane effect.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] Treatment for Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

Troponin levels and left ventricular systolic performance normalized over the course of six days with drug therapy, mechanical ventilation, and continuous monitoring.


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[User] Treatment for Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome

However, the patient did not regain normal consciousness during the 4 weeks that followed. At 25 days post-injury, the patient was behaviorally unresponsive and in Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (CRS-R = 3).


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[User] Treatment for Wuchereria bancrofti infection

The patient was treated for Wuchereria bancrofti infection with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) for three weeks. After six weeks, she presented with recurrent pericardial effusion, which was drained, and microfilaria of W. bancrofti were found in the cytology. She was treated with a single dose of ivermectin and albendazole, and the patient responded quickly with reduced effusion. Albendazole was continued for an additional two weeks.


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[User] Treatment for a patient with endocarditis and a mechanical mitral valve replacement

Initial antibiotic treatment was ceftriaxone and vancomycin. After two repeated sets of negative blood culture, antibiotic was switched to penicillin G with the intention to complete a six-week course.


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[User] Treatment for acute asthmatic COPD

The patient was administered with antibiotic therapy, oxygen therapy, and natural water intake.


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[User] Treatment for acute hypoxic respiratory failure

In the ICU, the patient was intubated due to worsening respiratory distress and received thiamine, zinc, and vitamin C and D, intravenous dexamethasone and Remdesivir.


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[User] Treatment for acute ischaemic attack

Thrombolysis with alteplase was administered with no contraindications, and an almost complete recovery ensued over the next few days.


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[User] Treatment for acute kidney injury due to carbolic acid exposure

Furosemide infusion was initiated to maintain urine output >1.5 ml/kg/h, which led to the gradual improvement of the patient's urine output.


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[User] Treatment for acute kidney injury in trauma patients

The patient had a complex post-operative course which included an acute kidney injury requiring haemodialysis.


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[User] Treatment for acute myocardial infarction

The patient was given aspirin, clopidogrel, and an intravenous heparin bolus and drip were started. The patient was managed with an intra-aortic balloon pump and antihypertensives and remained hospitalized for several days.


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[User] Treatment for acute rheumatic fever

A course of amoxicillin was administered for the Streptococcus pyogenes infection, followed by a prophylactic dose of benzathine penicillin G. Prednisolone was started for carditis management and naproxen was switched to aspirin.


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[User] Treatment for acute-on-chronic kidney injury due to hypervitaminosis D

The patient was treated with intravenous normal saline and furosemide and was placed on a five-day course of prednisone.


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[User] Treatment for anaphylaxis medications

The patient was diagnosed with idiopathic anaphylaxis and prescribed oral corticosteroids and H1-antihistamines as maintenance medications for the prevention of anaphylaxis. An epinephrine auto-injector was also prescribed for emergency preparedness.


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[User] Treatment for aneurysmal bone cyst in the right iliac region

The lesion was approached using a modified Smith Peterson approach. Excision curettage of the tumor was performed in view of extension to the acetabular roof.


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[User] Treatment for aspergillosis

Following confirmation of histopathological diagnosis as Aspergillosis, the patient was advised 200mg twice daily of systemic itraconazole.


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[User] Treatment for bilateral vesicoureteric junction strictures

The patient was initially managed with bilateral ureteric stents and conservative treatment. However, due to the severity of her dysuria and leakage symptoms, the decision was made to perform a cystectomy with ileal conduit formation.


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[User] Treatment for bile leakage from gallbladder stump

An endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) tube was inserted on POD 29, revealing that the leakage was from the gallbladder stump. After insertion of the ENBD tube, the volume from the abdominal drainage tube decreased and became less biliary. An APC cauterization was performed three times on PODs 64, 71, and 82.


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[User] Treatment for biliary fistula and intra-abdominal hemorrhage

She developed fever and biliary fistula, which were treated with anti-infection, nutrition support, and balanced internal environment. She returned on the 18th day with intra-abdominal hemorrhage, which was treated by micro-coil embolization.


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[User] Treatment for bladder stones

In February 2019, the patient underwent a day-case transurethral cystoscopic holmium laser lithotripsy to treat urethral and bladder stones.


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[User] Treatment for bowel obstruction of the distal ileum

Exploratory laparotomy for adhesiolysis and decompression, resection and anastomosis for bowel obstruction.


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[User] Treatment for calcinosis in the patient's larynx

The calcinosis invaded his larynx, causing respiratory compromise and resulting in tracheostomy.


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[User] Treatment for cardiac tumor

The cardiac tumor was surgically removed with cardiopulmonary bypass, and felt-supported sutures were used to close the left ventricle. The patient was stabilized with pharmacological treatment.


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[User] Treatment for cerebral amyloid angiopathy

No treatment was administered for CAA during the course of the patient's hospitalization.


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[User] Treatment for cerebral malaria

The treatment for malaria was initiated with intravenous quinine with intravenous dextrose. Sodium valproate was used to control the seizure activities.


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[User] Treatment for cerebral melioidosis

The patient was treated with intravenous meropenem and oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Co-trimoxazole/TMP-SMX) for 8 weeks until clinical improvement was evident with resolution of inflammatory markers and radiological improvement.


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[User] Treatment for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy

The patient developed grade 1 CIPN and grade 2 pigmentation of the extremities. A switch to the FOLFIRI+Bev regimen led to no improvement in symptoms.


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[User] Treatment for choreic movements of the arms

Decreased content of 4.1R protein was observed and an increased amount of spectrin dimers was measured with an impairment of the dimer self-association into tetramers.


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[User] Treatment for choroidal melanoma

The patient received 2-hourly prednisolone acetate 1.0% eye drops and 3 grams of methylprednisolone infusion.


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[User] Treatment for chronic heart failure

She had a history of chronic heart failure and was treated with digitalis 0,25 mg/day. ... The patient was advised to follow-up with her regular physician for ongoing treatment of her chronic heart failure.


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[User] Treatment for chronic total occlusion of the right coronary artery

The patient underwent antegrade approach for the treatment of CTO. Despite the use of multiple semi-compliant balloons, a Finecross micro-catheter, anchor balloons, a 2.6F Tornus micro-catheter and a Tornus plus anchor balloon, secondary equipment could not be advanced beyond the distal portion of the occlusion segment. Balloon angioplasty modification (BAM) was performed using a 1.2 Minitrek balloon, resulting in extensive intentional vessel dissection along a sub-intimal channel extending as far as the heart border.


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[User] Treatment for clinical attachment loss

The patient was treated for clinical attachment loss and class II furcation lesion through GBR associated with NCBA-glue as a barrier.


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[User] Treatment for concurrent ulcerative colitis and Takayasu arteritis

The patient was started on a regimen of prednisolone (30 mg/day) and ferrous sulfate (256 mg twice a day) along with mesalazine.


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[User] Treatment for corticobasal syndrome

The patient received appropriate palliative care and symptom management.


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[User] Treatment for de novo VADA of the right VA

However, he developed de novo VADA of the right VA, which was treated with stent-assisted coiling. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course, and subsequent imaging confirmed complete occlusion of the de novo VADA.


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[User] Treatment for displaced orbital posterior

The patient underwent ORIF reconstruction at three points of fixation, including the right inferior orbital rim, right ZF suture, and right ZMB.


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[User] Treatment for electric shock and cardiac arrest

The patient was treated with sedation and mechanical ventilation. Therapeutic hypothermia was initiated for 24 hours with a target temperature of 34 °C.


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[User] Treatment for elevated IOP after ranibizumab injections

The patient was started on oral acetazolamide 250 mg TDS and brimonidine/timolol fixed combination BD. Within six months of initiating treatment, the IOP remained stable at 10/10 mm Hg with the topical hypotensive medication alone.


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[User] Treatment for end-stage renal disease

The patient has end-stage renal disease due to diabetes. The patient was started on maintenance hemodialysis.


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[User] Treatment for endometriosis

Hormonal treatment was planned to be administered to the patient by the gynaecology and obstetrics department. During the surgery, a Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System (Mirena) was inserted into the patient.


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[User] Treatment for ethylene glycol poisoning

The patient was treated with hemodialysis and started on oral ethanol therapy. Pyridoxine and thiamine were also administered to manage hypocalcaemia.


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[User] Treatment for fibrotic lesions in the posterior pole

Treatment with topical and systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors was prescribed.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] Treatment for fungal hyphae in urine

Urine examination showed fungal hyphae and the patient was treated with amphotericin B.


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[User] Treatment for gastroesophageal reflux

He experienced gastroesophageal reflux at age 30 years, which was well managed by Prilosec (omeprazole) and discontinued after 6 months. Although he was no longer taking Prilosec, he currently would avoid lying flat after finishing a meal and periodically took sodium bicarbonate to prevent and treat any gastroesophageal reflux symptoms.


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[User] Treatment for genital ulcers

The genital ulcers healed a few days after admission.


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[User] Treatment for hemopneumothorax

A right-sided intercostal drainage tube was inserted for hemopneumothorax.


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[User] Treatment for hepatic encephalopathy in malnutrition patients

She was transferred to the intensive care unit and treated for hepatic encephalopathy with lactulose and rifaximin. Enteral feeding was changed to a low-protein diet.


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[User] Treatment for herniated remnant stomach following RYGB

This internal herniation was successfully reversed, and the defect was closed with non-dissolvable V-Loc barbed sutures. No bowel resection was required.


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[User] Treatment for high intact PTH levels

The patient was treated with intravenous calcitriol, but despite treatment, the levels continued to increase along with bone alkaline phosphatase levels.


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[User] Treatment for high-grade invasive penile cancer

The patient underwent a total penectomy and histopathological examination of surgical specimens revealed high grade, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma replacing the corporal bodies and urethra.


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[User] Treatment for hyper-IgM syndrome

P8 was started on IgRT, antibiotic, and antifungal prophylaxis, which prevented further severe RTI, controlled the spells of fever, and substantially reduced the lymphadenopathy, but the diarrhea was only partially ameliorated.


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[User] Treatment for hyper-inflammation due to COVID-19

A single dose of RoActemra (tocilizumab) 8 mg/kg was administered on March 25, and a reduced dose of chloroquine phosphate was administered on March 24–28. The patient responded well to treatment, and his ventilation improved.


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[User] Treatment for hypercortisolism during pregnancy

During her hospitalization, the patient was managed conservatively without specific treatment for hypercortisolism. Her blood pressure and blood glucose levels were closely monitored, and insulin was used to manage blood glucose. Sylvite was supplemented to address her hypokalemia.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] Treatment for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates

Clinical seizures were aborted with loading dose intravenous phenobarbitone. An EEG demonstrated moderately severe encephalopathic activity.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] Treatment for idiopathic scoliosis

The patient underwent a C2 to the sacrum fusion previously for progressive and worsening idiopathic scoliosis, performed in multiple stages due to proximal junctional kyphosis at various levels.


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[User] Treatment for increased intracranial pressure due to subdural hematoma

After consultation with the neurosurgeon, an epidural blood patch was carefully performed on the 10th postoperative day at the Th11/12 interspace, and 20 ml of autologous blood was injected. The patient experienced slight back pain during the procedure but had no neurological symptoms such as coma, headache, or nausea.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] Treatment for infected hematoma

The patient received an immediate, empirical, intravenous antibiotic treatment with a cephalosporin. After confirmation of infection by P. damselae, the antibiotic treatment was adjusted to a combination of ampicillin and sulbactam.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] Treatment for intermittent neck swelling

The patient was managed conservatively as his symptoms did not warrant any surgical management.


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[User] Treatment for invasive ductal carcinoma with HER2/neu+

The patient received weekly paclitaxel, Herceptin and Pamidronate as initial therapy, but after 6 months, the disease progressed in the breast, liver and bone.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] Treatment for lactic acidosis

The patient was administered intravenous sodium bicarbonate infusion and conservative treatment.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] Treatment for large downhill varices in the mid-esophagus

SVC intervention was not completed due to the possibility of re-bleed if placed on antiplatelet medications. Surgical resection was also ruled out due to the precarious location of the enlarged lymph node and the hemodynamic stability of the patient. 5 doses of 400 cGy radiotherapy was delivered to the lymph node to decrease SVC compression.


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[User] Treatment for latent tuberculosis infection

The patient was treated with rifampin 600 mg daily for four months, while maintaining a dose of prednisone at 30 mg daily.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] Treatment for lead poisoning and follow-up care

Treatment was initiated with avoidance of further lead exposure and the patient was given a loading dose of phenytoin (20 mg/kg) followed by a maintenance dose of phenytoin (5 mg/kg/day) along with D-penicillamine (25 mg/kg/day) for 6 months and amlodipine (5 mg/day) for control of hypertension. The patient showed improvement during one-year follow up.


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[User] Treatment for liver cancer with tumor thrombus

A porto-systemic shunt was created to increase blood flow. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) was performed using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), lobaplatin, and pirarubicin to treat tumor thrombi in the Right IntraHepatic Vessels (RIPV).


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[User] Treatment for lung abscesses

Computed tomography showed bilateral pleural effusion, and multiple pulmonary consolidations and cavities with thickened walls and air-fluid levels, consistent with lung abscesses. The patient was prescribed ciprofloxacin and clindamycin at discharge.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] Treatment for lung adenocarcinoma

The patient was treated with alectinib with the dose of 600 mg twice a day.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] Treatment for lymphocytic meningitis caused by HSV-1

His condition improved with treatment under acyclovir.


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[User] Treatment for malignant peripheral malignant nerve sheath tumor

The patient received 4 cycles of palliative chemotherapy and 10 cycles of radiotherapy.


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[User] Treatment for metastatic breast cancer liver mass

Due to the unusual nature of her tumor biology and progression, a multidisciplinary group of oncologists determined that resection was the best treatment option. The patient underwent an extended left hepatectomy, which included caudate lobe resection and cholecystectomy.


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[User] Treatment for metastatic breast carcinoma with GI tract involvement

The patient was initially managed with palliative hormonal treatment (Letrozole), which was changed to palliative chemotherapy due to disease progression. However, the patient was unable to tolerate chemotherapy side effects and treatment was discontinued.


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[User] Treatment for minimal change disease

Treatment with 2 mg/kg/day prednisolone was given, and the patient achieved remission after 12 days. After the diagnosis, the patient received 25 mg/kg/day mycophenolate mofetil and has since remained in remission.


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[User] Treatment for multi-drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection

which was treated with tigecycline and meropenem for less than two weeks. The antibiotic therapy was administered and adjusted based on the susceptibility of MDR-Kp.


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[User] Treatment for necrotizing histiocytic lymphadenitis

Patient was treated with supportive care and advised to take naproxen and acetaminophen as needed for symptomatic relief.


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[User] Treatment for neuropathic pain with gabapentin

Pain relief with oral gabapentin and super laser irradiation was also provided.


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[User] Treatment for occult breast cancer with peritoneal dissemination

The patient declined intensive chemotherapy and decided to receive hormone therapy using letrozole for ER-positive breast cancer. The patient demonstrated a remarkable response to letrozole with a decrease in ascites and CA125 levels.


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[User] Treatment for parafunctional habits

The occlusal vertical dimension was restored using a new VD and a bilateral occlusal splint.


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[User] Treatment for partial trisomy of chromosome 4

No treatment was provided as the neonatal demise of the patient did not provide any further opportunity.


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[User] Treatment for patient with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

During her hospitalization, the patient received subcutaneous enoxaparin and pulse methylprednisolone 30 mg/kg/d (max 1 gr) for three days. On the fourth day, she was given intravenous infusion (IV) with cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2.


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[User] Treatment for patient's systemic inflammatory response

The patient required nasogastric tube decompression and parenteral nutrition to address the systemic inflammatory response and prolonged ileus.


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[User] Treatment for penile strangulation

A pliers was used to cut the metallic ring, and prior to the procedure, a gauze was placed to cover the skin below to prevent further laceration.


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[User] Treatment for pericardial effusion with tamponade physiology

The patient underwent emergent pericardiocentesis in the catheterization laboratory where 250 cc yellow-colored pericardial fluid was removed with immediate symptomatic and hemodynamic improvement.


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[User] Treatment for persistent sinus tract in femur fracture

She underwent several irrigation and debridement procedures, long-term IV Vancomycin, and replacement of an antibiotic spacer.


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[User] Treatment for phenytoin-induced SJS

The patient was treated with injection ceftriaxone 1 g IV BD, injection Dexona 1 cc IV BD, injection Avil 1 amp IV BD, injection Zantac (ranitidine) 2 ml BD, and injection Febril (paracetamol). No rechallenge was attempted.


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[User] Treatment for pituitary adenoma with gangliocytoma

The patient underwent sellar region tumor resection via the trans-naso-sphenoid approach and was hospitalized due to a space-occupying lesion found in the sellar region.


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[User] Treatment for plasma cell granuloma in the lungs

Prednisone was initiated and reduced from 40 mg/day and Celecoxib, an NSAID, was administered, resulting in a resolution of all lung nodules.


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[User] Treatment for popliteal artery aneurysm

The conscious sedation was utilized for the treatment, and a Viabahn stent (8-mm × 250-mm, W.L. Gore, Flagstaff, Ariz) was placed through a 7F sheath from contralateral femoral access to exclude the aneurysm.


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[User] Treatment for portal perfusion complications

The patient received stent insertion and balloon angioplasty to lower the hepatopetal portal flow resistance and restore portal venous flow.


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[User] Treatment for potential COVID-19 cases in emergency departments

The patient was discharged from the hospital after further medical observation. No specific diagnoses or treatments were administered.


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[User] Treatment for pseudoaneurysm of the inferior gluteal artery

Superselective embolization was performed to repair the pseudoaneurysm, occluding the branch involved proximal and distal of the lesion. After embolization, the hematoma was drained to reduce the risk of gluteal necrosis and relieve pain and neurological symptoms.


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[User] Treatment for pulmonary hypertension in infants

The patient was being treated with multiple diuretics due to his underlying cardiac condition.


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[User] Treatment for pulmonary lesions in EGPA

The patient received methylprednisolone and ifosfamide for the treatment of the pulmonary lesions.


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[User] Treatment for purulent pericarditis

The patient was treated with antibiotics in accordance with the culture results of the synovial fluid culture of the knee (cefazolin, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole). In addition to this, fibrinolysis was performed with streptokinase and r-tPA administered directly into the pericardium.


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[User] Treatment for reactive hemophagocytic syndrome associated with AOSD

The patient was treated with intravenous pulsed methylprednisolone and oral cyclosporine A. Although the patient's condition improved initially, high fever and neurological dysfunctions reappeared after a few days. The dosage of oral CsA was increased to 3 mg/kg/day, and the patient's condition improved significantly within a day.


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[User] Treatment for recurrent fascicular VT

The patient received two doses of adenosine (6 and 12 mg), which had no effect on the rhythm. Chemical cardioversion was successful with 12.5 mg of diltiazem.


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[User] Treatment for recurrent urinary tract infections in children

The patient was advised to follow-up with the physician regularly and comply with the advised preventive measures and medications to prevent recurrence of the renal stones.


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[User] Treatment for refractory pulmonary hypertension

In view of her refractory pulmonary hypertension iNO was started (Day 3) through nitric oxide blender at 5 ppm and then increased to 10 ppm.


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[User] Treatment for relapse of AML with Extramedullary Myeloid Tumor

The patient underwent further consolidation with one cycle of mitoxantrone, cytarabine, and etoposide. The maintenance treatment involved six cycles of oral 6-TG, oral etoposide and oral sodium valproate.


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[User] Treatment for resolving acute uremic neuropathy

The patient received thrombolytic therapy and guideline-directed medical treatment. Intravenous hydration was provided pre- and post-coronary angiography. Under observation, the patient continued with i.v. hydration.


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[User] Treatment for retinal detachment with horseshoe tear

Despite this, the patient had a retinal detachment by a horseshoe tear in April 2017 in the LE, which was followed by pneumoretinopexy combined with cryopexy of the retinal tears treatment plan.


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[User] Treatment for rickets

The patient was treated with a 3-month course of high dose calcium and vitamin D3. The patient's bone deformity improved significantly, except for the bow legs which required corrective osteotomies approximately a year later.


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[User] Treatment for right tuboovarian mass with torsion

The patient underwent laparotomy and had transection and ligation of the right ovarian vein. The patient was placed on antibiotics, analgesia, and subcutaneous heparin.


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[User] Treatment for seizures and coma

Treatment with phenytoin, valproate, and IV magnesium sulfate improved the patient's neurological status.


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[User] Treatment for sepsis secondary to community-acquired pneumonia and urinary tract infection

Treatment was initiated with adenovir and Abreva ointment for lip ulcers and adalimumab, hydroxychloroquine, and azathioprine for RA. She was also given vitamin B1, B6, and B12. Her antibiotics were changed to intravenous ceftriaxone and doxycycline, which was later changed to intravenous cefepime after growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


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[User] Treatment for septic shock

Despite all the medical interventions, the patient's hospital course was complicated by septic shock, resulting in deterioration of his health, and, unfortunately, he expired.


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[User] Treatment for severe anemia

Patient underwent several blood transfusions to address severe anemia.


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[User] Treatment for severe apical ballooning

The patient was immediately admitted to the cardiac care unit and was administered intravenous antihistamines and glucocorticoids. Her blood pressures stabilized hemodynamically after being started on a norepinephrine infusion.


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[User] Treatment for severe burn injuries

The patient underwent daily wound dressing changes and removal of blisters. Full-thickness normal skin was harvested from the right groin to manufacture JACE, which was applied to the meshed 3:1 split-thickness dermis graft or meshed 6:1 split-thickness autograft to cover all wounds.


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[User] Treatment for severe hypocalcemia

The treatment regimen included intravenous calcium gluconate, increased oral calcium, and continued vitamin D supplementation. The patient's blood calcium levels returned to near normal (8.3 mg/dL) 3 weeks later.


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[User] Treatment for severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction

The patient was treated with IV diuretics and nitrates and was transferred to the medical intensive care unit when her condition deteriorated.


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[User] Treatment for supraglottic SCC

The patient was later diagnosed with supraglottic SCC and SCC in the external auditory canal, for which he underwent a supraglottic partial laryngectomy and lateral temporal bone resection with superficial parotidectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.


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[User] Treatment for suspected secondary bacterial pneumonia

The second course of antibiotics was initiated for suspected secondary bacterial pneumonia.


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[User] Treatment for the patient's bilateral lung lesions

The bilateral lung lesions remained stable without adjuvant treatment, and the patient remained disease-free until date (total follow-up of 38 months).


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[User] Treatment for uncontrolled bleeding during surgery

Intraoperatively, the patient received 1 dose of rFVIIa (70 μg/kg) during the second surgery and 2 doses of rFVIIa (each 70 μg/kg) during the third surgery due to bleeding that remained uncontrolled despite substitution of platelet concentrates, fresh frozen plasma, tranexamic acid, protamine hydrochloride, and von Willebrand factor concentrate.


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[User] Treatment for unexplained loin pain

A twelfth intercostal nerve block was performed under ultrasound guidance using triamcinolone (10 mg) in 5 mL of 0.4% mepivacaine, which completely relieved the patient's pain.


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[User] Treatment of central nervous system coccidioidomycosis

He received intrathecal amphotericin B deoxycholate on a declining schedule via cisternal puncture, which resulted in auditory nerve damage related to the neurotoxicity of the drug. The patient was started on fluconazole after its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in early 1991.


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[User] Treatment of multiple cholelithiasis with a dilated intrahepatic duct

Multiple cholelithiasis with a dilated intrahepatic duct was diagnosed using abdominal sonography.


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[User] Treatment of pulmonary nodule in non-seminomatous germ cell tumor

The patient underwent transdiaphragmatic left single-port VATS lower lobe pulmonary metastasectomy.


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[User] Treatment of severe occlusal wear

The denture was relined every week with ZOE paste for four weeks, and the patient was instructed on proper oral hygiene. In the fifth week, the denture was relined with fast set polymethyl methacrylate resin, and in the sixth week, the fabrication of the patient's new full set of dentures began.


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[User] Treatment options considered for patient

Unfortunately, he was unable to receive chemotherapy due to decreased performance status or ROS1 inhibitors due to cost.


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[User] Treatment options for 2,8-DHA crystal-induced interstitial nephritis

The patient was treated with allopurinol 300 mg/day while following a low-purine diet and a high-fluid regimen. The serum creatinine level decreased gradually over the next 2 months, reaching a nadir of 2.5 mg/dL (225 μmol/L).


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[User] Treatment options for AIN lesion

A tendon transfer using the FDS of the ring finger was performed at 6 months after onset, which resulted in strong active flexion in the right thumb's IP joint. Subsequent surgeries were performed with excision of the remaining part of the FDS, synovectomy, and FDP tenolysis.


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[User] Treatment options for ALK fusion gene positive lung cancer

Oral alectinib was administered as ALK inhibitor, which showed improvement of the lung cancer lesions, and the symptoms of the patient gradually improved.


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[User] Treatment options for Atlantoaxial Subluxation in children

The patient was administered a 2-week course of antibiotics (sulbactam + ampicillin 50 mg/kg/day iv), cervical collar for 4 weeks, muscle relaxants, and anti-inflammatory therapy.


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[User] Treatment options for BRAF-mutant K601E tumor

Chemotherapy was introduced but had limited success.


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[User] Treatment options for Chance fracture

The patient was counselled regarding the unstable nature of this type of fracture and the risk and benefits of surgical and conservative management.


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[User] Treatment options for Desmoid tumor

A panel of specific immunohistochemistry was performed for confirmation.


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[User] Treatment options for ET in the left CPA

The patient was offered surgery but refused treatment. Instead, Gamma Knife Surgery (GKS) was offered as an alternative.


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[User] Treatment options for GIST patients

Following discharge and discussion at our multidisciplinary meeting imatinib mesylate was commenced.


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[User] Treatment options for Gastric MALT lymphoma

The patient underwent ESD for jumbo biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. There was no medication or other treatment administered for this condition during the hospital course.


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[User] Treatment options for Grade 2 clear cell carcinoma

The patient underwent an allograft nephrectomy, and the tumor was completely removed.


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[User] Treatment options for Grade IV Nasal polyp

A comprehensive polypectomy was performed under local anesthesia, and the excision of the polyp in entirety was successful.


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[User] Treatment options for Granuloma Annulare

A course of Sulfone treatment was commenced at 100mg/day, but discontinued after three days due to hematuria. Betamethasone injections and clobetasol cream under occlusion were given along with cryotherapy which did not yield significant improvement. Narrowband UVB phototherapy was used twice a week for six months, with 48 sessions in total and cumulative dose of 13,440J/cm2, which resulted in a good response after the third week.


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[User] Treatment options for HCC

After a multidisciplinary liver tumor meeting, the lesion was considered most likely to be an HCC in a non-cirrhotic liver. The patient underwent a laparoscopic resection of the tumor and gallbladder. The procedure was successful,


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[User] Treatment options for IgA nephropathy

Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) was introduced but discontinued after ten months with no improvement in proteinuria. The patient initiated prednisone but experienced cushingoid features and a further increase in urine protein. Immune-modulating adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was introduced, resulting in a consistent reduction in urine protein and improved glomerular filtration rate (GFR).


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[User] Treatment options for MTX-LPD

MTX administration was ceased and the patient was monitored closely. Tacrolimus hydrate was administered for the patient's rheumatoid arthritis, which resulted in no significant adverse effects.


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[User] Treatment options for PAVM in right lung

The patient has been discharged with instructions to follow up with a Pulmonologist for follow-up evaluation and management of the PAVM. It was emphasized that the patient must maintain regular follow-up appointments with her healthcare provider.


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[User] Treatment options for Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia

The patient’s symptoms completely remitted with the usage of carbamazepine.


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[User] Treatment options for Sjögren's syndrome in pediatric patients

The patient was managed with standard treatment with prednisolone, but there was no improvement in the hearing ability of either ear at six months.


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[User] Treatment options for Substance-induced Psychotic Disorder

During hospitalization, the patient received olanzapine for the treatment of Substance-induced Psychotic Disorder related to stimulant and cannabis use.


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[User] Treatment options for YNS

Topical betamethasone valerate and gentamicin sulfate ointment were administered for the yellow nails, and low-dose oral macrolide antibiotics were given for respiratory symptoms. However, treatment was temporarily discontinued due to little improvement in CRS, and subsequent reinitiation was stopped due to no improvements in CRS.


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[User] Treatment options for abdominal hernia

During hospitalization, the patient was informed about the operative treatment procedure and hernia complications such as incarceration or strangulation. However, despite the recommendations made to her, she was not willing to undergo another surgery.


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[User] Treatment options for acquired Chiari I malformation

A right frontal programmable ventricular peritoneal shunt was placed utilizing stereotactic navigation and ligation of the lumbar shunt. However, the patient continued to experience severe headaches, nausea, and vomiting postoperatively. A suboccipital craniectomy, C1 laminectomy, and duraplasty were subsequently performed to alleviate her symptoms.


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[User] Treatment options for angioid streaks

No specific information is provided in the note. However, the presence of angioid streaks was confirmed by retinography and angiography.


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[User] Treatment options for aquagenic keratoderma

The initial treatment with topical 20% of aluminum chloride applied once daily showed no significant results on AK and hyperhidrosis after 6 weeks of therapy. Therefore, we decided to suspend it and started a new treatment with tap water iontophoresis, which involved immersing the hands in tap water and exposing them to controlled electric current (10-15 mA) for 15 min on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for 4 weeks.


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[User] Treatment options for basal cell carcinoma

The patient was started on vismodegib 150 mg daily... The tumor board proposed surgery as an option due to the patient's good health state, response to vismodegib, and preference.


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[User] Treatment options for calcified choroidal mass

Due to the non-availability of a reliable treatment option, the patient was advised to attend monthly follow-ups to monitor the subsequent progression or regression of the tumor.


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[User] Treatment options for carpal tunnel syndrome

The patient underwent right carpal tunnel release surgery to alleviate the median nerve neuropathy with no further exploration of the tendon sheaths.


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[User] Treatment options for cerebral vasculitis

The patient was started on methylprednisolone 1 gram intravenously.


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[User] Treatment options for chylothorax

Pleurodesis with OK-432 for chylothorax, followed by a fat-restricted diet, fasting.


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[User] Treatment options for degenerative and atrophic changes at the macula

The patient's exam shows degenerative and atrophic changes at the macula, with no intervention advised.


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[User] Treatment options for detached retina with PVR

Goniotomy or trabeculotomy was not recommended due to high risk of retinal detachment in the seeing eye. Instead, 190 degrees of inferior treatment with 1300–1500 MW power and 2000-ms duration was performed after transillumination to identify the ciliary body.


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[User] Treatment options for disseminated cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis

The patient was treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate and itraconazole for disseminated cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis.


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[User] Treatment options for dry eye syndrome with aqueous deficiency

The patient was prescribed topical anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory agents, such as cyclosporine or lifitegrast, erythromycin ointment, warm compresses, and artificial tears.


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[User] Treatment options for edentulism

The treatment plan included planning and placement of 5-6 implants in the maxilla with optimal anteroposterior spread and fabrication of an open palate maxillary removable dental prosthesis supported by nonsplinted attachments.


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[User] Treatment options for emphysematous destruction within the lungs

During the hospitalization, the patient underwent diagnostic procedures, and no treatment was rendered other than clinical and instrumental surveillance.


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[User] Treatment options for factor VIII inhibitor

He was initially given recombinant factor VIIa (rVIIa) followed by prednisone and rituximab.


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[User] Treatment options for fused teeth

The patient was referred to the concerned departments to restore the deep fissure between the talon cusp and the fused teeth.


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[User] Treatment options for gall stones

The patient underwent an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy and on-table cholangiogram (OTC) to remove the symptomatic gall stones.


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[User] Treatment options for glioblastoma

The patient underwent preoperative embolization before a craniotomy, and the tumor was completely removed. The patient received postoperative adjuvant radiation.


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[User] Treatment options for hepatic encephalopathy

The patient underwent interventional coil embolization to close the anastomosis and had no further episodes of hepatic encephalopathy post-treatment.


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[User] Treatment options for hepatic metastases of a NET of unknown origin

The patient has started on peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), and will undergo regular cardiology outpatient checkups every six months.


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[User] Treatment options for intermediate-grade intra-osseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma

The patient was referred to the State of São Paulo Cancer Institute (ICESP) for treatment where the lesion underwent complete resection along with adjuvant radiotherapy.