[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's gastrointestinal bleeding?

The patient underwent a CT scan, open surgery, and was diagnosed with Meckel's diverticulum.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's gynecomastia?

Although his hormonal levels were within normal limits, we concluded that the current medication was the probable culprit of the gynecomastia.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's headache?

The patient was admitted to The First Hospital of Jilin University after a moderate headache two hours following a slip and fall accident.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's hemodynamic instability?

Upon admission, the patient was started on intravenous and nebulizer piperacillin-tazobactam for community-acquired pneumonia; however, he had to be intubated shortly after due to worsening clinical symptoms. A chest CT revealed pneumonia of the right basis and antibiotics were changed to meropenem and colistin following bronchial cultures that found Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's hospital admission?

The patient presented to the hospital due to pain and deformity around the left knee following a fall at home.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's hydrocephalus?

The patient was found to have extensive subarachnoid blood throughout the basal cisterns and hemispheric fissures, and acute hydrocephalus was also noted.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's hypercalcemia?

A workup of the patient's hypercalcemia showed hypervitaminosis D as the cause.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's hyperuricemia?

It was determined that the use of pyrazinamide in the antituberculosis protocol was causing hyperuricemia.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's hypoglycemia?

The patient had NICTH associated with GIST producing IGF-2, which caused repeated hypoglycemic attacks. The doctors initiated prednisolone therapy which resulted in immediate improvement of the patient's blood glucose level.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's hypomagnesemia?

After a thorough examination, it was concluded that the hypomagnesemia was a side effect of the proton-pump inhibitor omeprazole, which she had taken for the last 13 years.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's hyponatremia?

The patient was noted to have hyponatremia, which was identified as SIADH secondary to multiple factors including psychogenic polydipsia, recently treated pneumonia, and pain from the left supracondylar fracture.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's impaired mental status?

The patient was admitted to the hospital due to impaired mental status. She had a history of multiple myeloma (stage IIIa) diagnosed three years prior to the admission.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's increased eosinophils?

The patient was diagnosed with AEM based on hypereosinophils in peripheral blood and CSF; treated with albendazole and methylprednisolone. NGS: 876 DNA sequence reads from A cantonensis genome were found in the patient’s CSF.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's infection?

The patient was diagnosed with a cardiac patch repair infection which was confirmed via blood culture.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's initial admission?

The patient was admitted due to an overdose on antidepressants and alcohol leading to respiratory failure and need for ECMO treatment.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's initial pain radiating down her right leg?

The patient reported a new onset of pain radiating down her right leg, and an MRI showed a soft tissue mass.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's injury?

The patient slipped on the staircase and hit his mouth.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's intractable bleeding?

Clinical examination revealed a 16-week size uterus, long and soft cervix, and an open os with the passage of fleshy vesicles.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's jaundice?

Viral hepatitis E was confirmed along with left lobar pneumonia and UTI.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's left facial pain?

Postoperatively, on the sixth day, the patient experienced left facial pain with characteristics of trigeminal neuralgia at the first division of the trigeminal nerve.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's leukopenia and neutropenia?

The patient's leukopenia and neutropenia were caused by an antipsychotic overdose.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's low hemoglobin?

Bone marrow examination revealed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's lower back pain?

Admitted with progressive lower back pain and fever for 2 weeks following a fall from a chair. Diagnosed with bilateral psoas abscess confirmed by CT scan at a local clinic.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's malignant hypertension?

The patient presented with malignant hypertension which was attributed to ileocecal intussusception.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's mortality?

Despite the best medical efforts, the patient ultimately succumbed to his illness on the 16th day post admission (20th day after the onset of symptoms).


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's multiple complications?

mature NK-cell leukemia, which was determined to be the cause of his multiple complications and ultimately his death.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's murmurs?

A 4/6 Levine systolic murmur and 3/6 diastolic murmur were noted at the cardiac base. The transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) revealed a dilated and mildly hypokinetic right ventricle (RV) with raised RV systolic pressure. Severely stenotic conduit with degenerated and thickened pulmonary valve (PV) leaflets causing moderate pulmonary regurgitation (PR) were detected during TOE with UE views.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's neurological deterioration?

The laboratory findings for electrolytes, antibodies of the thyroid gland, liver function tests, immunological tests for syphilis, and viral markers were negative. The patient's CSF was clear and colorless without any white blood cells.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's neutropenia?

The diagnosis indicated neonatal isoimmune neutropenia due to anti-Fc gamma RIIIIb (CD16) pan-reactive antibodies.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's new neurological symptoms?

The patient developed new neurological symptoms, including headache, ataxia, and bradyphrenia. A diagnosis of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) was made after the patient did not improve with emergency treatment and the CNI was discontinued.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's ocular inflammation?

Cultures for fungus, bacteria, and atypical microorganisms were taken, and the patient was put on antibiotics, cyclopentolate, and vitamin C. Bacteria cultures showed Rothia dentocariosa with sensitivities that showed resistance to erythromycin and intermediate sensitivity to penicillin. Strep viridans also grew in the bacterial culture.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's osteomyelitis pubis?

Blood cultures subsequently grew methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's oxygen saturation decrease?

However, two to three days after starting rasburicase, the patient's oxygen saturation decreased to 70-80% on room air, with a notable discrepancy between transcutaneous oximetry and arterial blood gas oxygen saturation. Methemoglobinemia was suspected and rasburicase was discontinued.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's pain in the maxillary right second molar?

A clinical and radiographic examination revealed deep occlusal caries and severe pain on probing by explorer, leading to the diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis requiring root canal therapy.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's penile swelling?

The purulent discharge tested positive for Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Prevotella oralis, and Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus. DNA detection of Chlamydia trachomatis was negative in both the urine and the abscess discharge.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's pericarditis?

Pertaining to the clinical picture, it was assumed that the pericarditis was the result of involvement of heart due to severe falciparum malaria.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's persistent fever?

The fluid collection was drained to reveal antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus avium, as well as an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's pleural effusion?

The results of cytology and pleural biopsy were suggestive of malignancy, but primary site was undetermined. Further investigation revealed infiltrating masses in the medial segmental bronchus of the right middle lobe and entry of the anterior segment of the right lower lobe. Bronchoscopic biopsy and immunohistochemical stain revealed malignant mesothelioma.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's primary hypercalcemia?

Further evaluation revealed primary hypercalcemia secondary to pica. The patient had a strong craving for pieces of chalk and reported consuming two full boxes daily that contained approximately 100-150 g of calcium carbonate.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's rapid clinical deterioration?

A lateral abdominal radiograph revealed evidence of free gas in the abdominal cavity, and abdominal ultrasound showed a moderate amount of fluid in the abdomen. A subsequent abdominally focused post-mortem examination was performed, which revealed two perforations in the anti-mesenteric wall of the mid-jejunum.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's rapid deterioration?

The patient's condition rapidly deteriorated because of severe liver failure, leading to death.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's rectal mucosal prolapse?

She presented with a rectal mucosal prolapse, which was treated with submucosal injection of 50% dextrose solution as a sclerosing agent.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's recurrent aspiration?

The patient was diagnosed with a large fistula between the upper trachea and esophagus through a metastatic lymph node. The fistula had expanded due to the recurrence of the patient's underlying condition.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's renal deterioration?

Despite conservative management, the patient's renal status continued to deteriorate to eventual anuria and hyperkalemia refractory to medical management, resulting in the need for CVVH therapy and hemodialysis.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's respiratory and hemodynamic instability?

The patient experienced respiratory and hemodynamic instability consistent with acute pulmonary embolus, which was confirmed on CT scan of the chest.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's respiratory failure?

The patient was admitted to the hospital on [REDACTED] days after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms, including fever, cough, and chest pain. On admission, he was found to be in respiratory failure, which necessitated mechanical ventilation in the ICU.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's respiratory issues?

Workup with a computed tomography angiogram (CTA) of the chest led to the discovery of left lower lobe consolidation. Pleural fluid cultures speciated to Proteus mirabilis.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's seizures?

CT indicated left frontal increased attenuation and MRI extensive pathologic process involving primarily the subcortical white matter and overlying cortex of throughout both cerebral hemispheres, primarily bilateral frontal lobe lesions (right > left). Luxury perfusion of an ischemic area is considered as possible etiology.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's sepsis?

In-hospital blood cultures grew methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, indicating the possibility of septicemia.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's septic shock?

Further testing showed that the patient was HIV positive, and his CD4 counts were critically low. The patient's blood culture was positive for Salmonella enteritidis.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's severe abdominal pain?

The patient presented to the emergency department with complaints of dull aching abdominal pain which progressed to severe pain within an hour. She was diagnosed with placenta previa and placenta accreta based on ultrasonography findings conducted during her current pregnancy.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's severe anal pain?

On examination, a thrombosed external protruding hemorrhoid was identified.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's severe bleeding?

Angiography revealed a left carotid blowout with a pseudoaneurysm and circumferential ulceration suggestive of carotid body syndrome at the bifurcation of the right internal carotid artery. Due to high risk of morbidity and mortality from surgical options, the decision was made to endovascularly reconstruct the carotid arteries with covered stents.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's severe metabolic acidosis?

The patient had an unfavorable evolution due to refractory metabolic acidosis combined with the pulmonary insult and aggregated acute kidney injury due to disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's severe symptoms?

Autopsy confirmed B. cereus necrotizing pneumonia that presented with anthrax-like symptoms.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's sharp pain?

A deep carious lesion was found in the left mandibular third molar and a missing left mandibular second molar.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's somnolent state?

On the eighth day of admission, the patient developed somnolent state caused by a hyperammonemic encephalopathy and hypoglycemia.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's subarachnoid hemorrhage?

The subarachnoid hemorrhage was attributed to trauma.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's sudden pain in her thigh?

Radiographs revealed breakage of the nail at the opening for the lag screw, resulting in varus angulation between the nail and the lag screw. The fracture showed signs of nonunion with sclerosis of the bone ends.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's symmetrical quadriparesis?

Neurology was consulted for evaluation as the patient had symmetrical quadriparesis and absent deep tendon reflexes. LP fluid analysis was consistent with an albuminocytologic dissociation, and treatment with IVIG was ordered for GBS.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's symptomatic bradycardia?

He had been started on tizanidine and loxoprofen for neck pain 3 days before admission, after which he developed severe symptomatic bradycardia.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's symptoms?

She was found to be positive for Influenza B by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's tooth discomfort?

The patient reported trauma to the right central tooth when she was a child, leading to crown fracture.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's trigeminal neuralgia?

The patient is a 59-year-old woman with a 10-year history of trigeminal neuralgia secondary to an ET, which was surgically treated.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's unstable circulation dynamics prior to surgery?

Prior to surgery, the patient was administered dopamine, dobutamine, and isoproterenol for unstable circulation dynamics caused by complete atrioventricular block.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's unstable condition?

Due to his unstable condition, cardiothoracic surgery was deemed too risky, and medical management was continued. The patient's condition continued to deteriorate, and he was admitted to the intensive care unit, where his anti-TB medications were continued alongside oxygen therapy.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's weakness?

The patient presented with gradually worsening weakness of the right leg. CT of the brain revealed a high-density mass in the left frontal lobe with surrounding edema, likely caused by a partially thrombosed giant aneurysm at the bifurcation of the left pericallosal artery.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the patient's worsening hypoxia?

Pulmonary thrombotic microangiopathy, and carcinomatous lymphangiomatosis were observed, but there was no evidence of pulmonary thromboembolism.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the cause of the swelling in the first patient's right mandibular molar teeth area?

The patient presented with a complaint of a swelling in her right mandibular molar teeth area that was painful at mastication.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the chemotherapy regimen used to treat the patient's urothelial carcinoma?

Chemotherapy with gemcitabine and paclitaxel was started on hospital day 8.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the chief complaint of the patient?

The patient was admitted to the Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Department at the Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir with a chief complaint of dental caries on the primary maxillary left central incisor (#61) and the maxillary left lateral incisor (#62).


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the child's main behavioral issue?

The patient was admitted to our hospital due to aggression, violence, and poor behavioral control. The father was constantly trying to control the child's sudden anger outbursts and had facial bruises left by the child's punching.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the child's main complaint upon admission?

A 2-year-old male child was admitted to our hospital with complaints of recurrent episodes of epistaxis and persistent purpuric patches over various body parts.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the clinical outcome of the patient's treatment using the modified MacNab criteria?

The clinical outcome was categorized as excellent using modified MacNab criteria.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the complication after chemotherapy?

After developing pancytopenia and fever post-chemotherapy, he developed septic shock due to Pseudomonas aeroginosa bacteremia secondary to acute folliculitis and epididymo-orchitis.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the composition of the cyst observed in the patient's left eye?

A translucent cyst with a central scolex was observed floating freely in the anterior chamber of the left eye, leading to a diagnosis of live anterior segment cysticercosis.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the condition of the adrenal mass during surgery?

At no stage of the operative procedure was the capsule violated.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the condition of the neonate at discharge?

The neonate was discharged in stable condition and is doing well at 19 months after birth.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the condition of the patient at discharge?

The patient was discharged in stable condition with no further complaints of painless swelling in the right lower bulbar conjunctiva.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the condition of the patient at the time of discharge?

The patient was discharged in a stable medical condition with instructions to continue medical follow-up as needed.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the conservative treatment provided to the patient?

conservative treatment was provided in the form of rehydration and antibiotics.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the course of the patient's treatment?

The patient was started on empiric therapy with piperacillin/tazobactam. Therapy was changed to ceftriaxone 2 g parenterally every 24 hours, and the patient quickly improved clinically, with normalization of liver function within 3 days.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis after scrotal exploration and biopsy?

Scrotal exploration and biopsy were carried out which revealed metastatic poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. An immunohistochemical study showed nests of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma diffusely and strongly positive for homeobox protein CDX2.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis after the upper GI endoscopy?

Upper GI endoscopy showed hyperemia and edema of the prepyloric and pyloric mucosa with narrowed but passable pylorus. The mucosal injury was classified as grade 1.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis and TNM staging of the patient's condition?

The diagnosis of infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma involving right lateral border of tongue was confirmed after biopsy. Tumour node metastasis (TNM) staging: III- T2 N1 M0.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis and treatment plan for the patient?

The diagnosis of previously root canal-treated teeth with a chronic apical abscess was made, and the treatment plan of periapical surgery was decided.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis at discharge?

Diagnosis at Discharge: Juvenile glaucoma and optic nerve head drusen.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis based on laboratory results?

Further laboratory evaluation showed an increase in serum uric acid, ESR, and CRP levels, which raised the possibility of urate crystal arthropathy as the cause of findings in the lumbar spine.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis based on the CT scan?

Computed tomography (CT) revealed an increase in the perirenal adipose tissue concentration, leading to a diagnosis of BCG sepsis.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis based on the biopsy report?

The biopsy report indicated a well-circumscribed lobular growth pattern with the presence of HPC like areas admixed with mature adipocytes with no lipoblasts seen.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis based on the bone marrow biopsy results?

A bone marrow biopsy revealed infiltration of large cells CD45−, CD56+, and incompatible with hematopoietic cells, which oriented the diagnosis to a nonhematological neoplasm infiltration.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis based on the echocardiogram?

Echocardiogram showed normal valves and normal right ventricular size and function, but moderate to severe global left ventricular dysfunction. The patient was diagnosed with systolic heart failure.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis based on?

The patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 based on a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test and a bilateral ground-glass pattern observed in chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT).


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis confirmed by standard CXR and CT scans?

The diagnosis of manubriosternal disruption was confirmed through standard CXR and CT scans.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis for the patient's abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea?

Random biopsies were taken which revealed architectural distortion and paneth cell metaplasia, as seen in chronic colitis, without evidence of active colitis, granulomas, crypt abscesses, or dysplasia.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis for the patient's condition?

The patient was diagnosed with acalculous cholecystitis and underwent an open cholecystectomy, which was uncomplicated.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis for the patient's eye condition?

Principal Diagnosis at Discharge: Translucent worm in the anterior chamber of right eye. The worm was identified as A. cantonensis by a microbiologist.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis for the patient's skin condition?

The clinical and histological features were suggestive of erythema multiforme (EM).


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis made by the healthcare provider?

The patient was diagnosed with Actinidia arguta-induced FFE, confirmed by an oral provocation test and skin biopsy, showing perivascular lymphocytic and eosinophilic infiltration with elevated melanophage levels.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis made for the patient?

A diagnosis of KD was made, and the patient was referred to outpatient follow-up.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis of the 49-year-old female patient?

A diagnosis of GLPS with FFA was made based on the patient's findings.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis of the patient?

Microscopic analysis of secretions from the lesions revealed the presence of eggs, larvae, and adult forms of Lagochilascaris minor, confirming a diagnosis of lagochilascariasis.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnosis?

The patient's symptoms were consistent with cervical myelopathy caused by vitamin B12 deficiency.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnostic assessment outcome for the patient?

A direct dye test was conducted using dilute methylene blue, which revealed no dye leak from the bladder. However, the test showed a clear stream of urine spilling from the left ureter. Further testing confirmed the patient was suffering from a ureterovaginal fistula.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnostic outcome of the 18F-FDG PET/CT scan?

18F-FDG PET/CT was performed for further evaluation, revealing multiple low-density masses with slightly elevated 18F-FDG uptake.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the diagnostic test used to reveal the adrenal mass?

Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a 10.0 cm left adrenal mass with stippled calcification and histologically, the tumor cells were diffusely and strongly positive for S-100.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the discharge condition of the patient?

The patient was discharged in a stable condition.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the discharge diagnosis and its underlying cause?

DISCHARGE DIAGNOSIS: Pneumothorax secondary to exostoses of the ribs associated with HME


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the discharge diagnosis of the patient?

Discharge Diagnosis: Pleuroperitoneal Leak.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the discharge diagnosis?

Discharge Diagnosis: Type A Aortic Dissection with severe AR and LV dysfunction.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the discharge plan for the patient?

Given the patient's stable condition, the decision was made to discharge the patient with active annual surveillance for visual fields and OCT metrics.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the duration of the patient's HBOT treatment?

After a course of 60 days of HBOT, the incision was sutured, and the patient was discharged on day 15.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the duration of the patient's hair loss?

The patient reported slow and progressive hair loss over a period of 6 months before her visit...


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the duration of the patient's hospitalization?

After a 9-day hospitalization, the patient was discharged from the hospital and referred to cardiorespiratory physical therapy for dyspnea and fatigue.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the duration of the patient's mechanical ventilation?

After a prolonged course of mechanical ventilation, she was extubated following a spontaneous breathing trial on PICU day 20.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the duration of the procedure?

The entire procedure, including anesthesia induction and emergence, took 55 minutes, and the surgical time was 30 minutes.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the duration of treatment for tuberculoma?

ATT was continued for 12 months, and the child is doing well without any symptom at 12 and 18 months follow-up.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the effect of Carbamazepine therapy on the patient's pain?

Subsequently, the patient's pain decreased over the course of three months of therapy.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the effect of Velpatasvir/sofosbuvir treatment on the patient's liver function?

Velpatasvir/sofosbuvir treatment was initiated, which resulted in the normalization of transaminases.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the effect of attaching Type C of chimsband to the chest?

Type C of chimsband was attached to the chest, resulting in a decrease of heart palpitations from 90 bpm to 82 bpm. The patient reported feeling at ease immediately, and her heart palpitations decreased.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the effect of bevacizumab and irinotecan on the patient's condition?

The patient was initiated on bevacizumab and irinotecan after presenting again with complaints of dizziness and urinary urgency.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the effect of demeclocycline on the patient's sodium levels?

The patient received salt tablets and several doses of demeclocycline with subsequent improvement.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the effect of diuresis on the patient's condition?

Diuresis was facilitated by ascites drainage and careful fluid management. At the time of discharge, the patient had successfully transitioned from intravenous to subcutaneous treprostinil administration and had experienced significant weight loss and abdominal girth reduction.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the effect of exemestane on the patient's condition?

Following this initiation, she experienced a gradual peak in hematocrit. Exemestane was later discontinued, and the patient has had no recurrence of erythrocytosis since.


[System] Find the positive answer of the given query:

[User] What was the effect of nivolumab on the patient's condition?

He developed asthenia, headache, and apraxia of the upper right limb with impaired coordination of the right hand. He also had a grade 1 erythematous maculopapular rash. However, follow-up brain MRI in April 2018 showed good response with decrease in size or disappearance of the multiple pre-existing lesions without any new metastasis.


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[User] What was the effect of removing flecainide from the patient's treatment?

Control ECGs after flecainide removal showed progressive normalization of PR interval and QRS complex.


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[User] What was the effect of the head injury on the patient’s vision?

The patient presented to our hospital with impaired vision in his left eye, which he noticed a week after suffering a head injury. His medical records indicated no facial contusions or subcutaneous hemorrhages following the injury and a computed tomography of his head showed no evidence of fracture, brain damage, or intracranial hemorrhage.


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[User] What was the effect of the medication and surgery on the patient's condition?

After receiving medication and undergoing surgical closure, the patient's PAP and RA and RV sizes normalized, and no further medication was necessary.


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[User] What was the effect of the methylprednisolone pulse on the patient?

The patient's blood counts improved, creatinine normalized, and lung infiltrates recovered within a week. Three months after starting treatment, the patient achieved complete remission.


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[User] What was the effect of the treatment on the patient's symptoms?

After five days into the treatment, the patient's fever subsided, the buboes shrank, and the erythema nodosum resolved.


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[User] What was the effect of the vitamin B1 treatment on the patient's condition?

Hemodynamic indices improved within 12 hours after the first dose. On the sixth day, the injection dose was decreased to 100 mg of intramuscular vitamin B1 each day, and the patient did not exhibit any heart failure symptoms.


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[User] What was the effectiveness of empirical therapy with topical neomycin?

The patient was started on empirical therapy with topical neomycin for 7 days, but there was no clinical improvement.


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[User] What was the effectiveness of ibuprofen in managing the patient's pain?

The patient initiated 800 mg of ibuprofen for pain relief, which provided little relief.


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[User] What was the extent of the injury?

Detailed examination of the wound under general anesthesia confirmed the cut along the thyrohyoid membrane through to the aryepiglottic fold, with the epiglottis totally separated and pulled up. The incised wound was also seen to extend through the posterior pharyngeal wall and exposing the vertebral body.


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[User] What was the extent of the patient's burn injuries?

The patient had second to third-degree burns on the face, chest, abdomen, both arms, and both buttocks, affecting 37.5% body surface area.


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[User] What was the final cause of the patient's death?

One month later, the patient was admitted to the hospital with acute myocardial infarction and died a few hours later.


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[User] What was the final diagnosis after surgery and biopsy?

Principal Discharge Diagnosis: Mature teratoma with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The final pathology report identified a mature teratoma with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.


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[User] What was the final diagnosis after surgery?

The final diagnosis was rendered as pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PMHE).


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[User] What was the final diagnosis after the histopathology study?

The final diagnosis was verrucous Spitz nevus.


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[User] What was the final diagnosis after the operation?

The final pathology report indicated the presence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, stage IV, and atypical cells were observed in group 8 of the lymph nodes.


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[User] What was the final diagnosis and condition at discharge?

Final Diagnosis: Massive ovarian edema. Condition at Time of Discharge: Stable


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[User] What was the final diagnosis for P2_O2?

P2_O2 was diagnosed with encephalitis, which ultimately led to her septic shock and subsequent passing.


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[User] What was the final diagnosis for the patient's condition?

Cryptococcus neoformans was detected in the CSF, and the patient was treated with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B and oral flucytosine.


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[User] What was the final diagnosis for the patient's interscapular pain and chest discomfort?

Admission Diagnosis: Severe interscapular pain and chest discomfort due to foraminal TDH at T2-3 level.


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[User] What was the final diagnosis for the patient?

The final diagnosis remained a clear-cell variant of squamous cell carcinoma.


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[User] What was the final diagnosis of the mass found on the patient's tricuspid valve?

Histological examination of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of myxoma.


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[User] What was the final diagnosis of the patient's condition?

The final diagnosis was lymphangioma, and there were no particular complications.


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[User] What was the final diagnosis of the patient?

Final Diagnosis: Suspected left dorsum sellae meningioma


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[User] What was the final diagnosis of the resected mass?

The mass was later diagnosed as high-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (PAS).


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[User] What was the final diagnosis of the suspicious lesion in the mid-thoracic esophagus?

Biopsies showed that the reddish lesion in the mid-thoracic region was diagnosed as intramucosal cancer, necessitating an esophagectomy.


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[User] What was the final diagnosis of the tumor?

The final diagnosis of the tumor was confirmed to be a malignant ovarian fibrothecoma (MACF) based on the results of the pathological and immunohistochemical analysis.


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[User] What was the final diagnosis?

Final Diagnosis: Metastatic poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma from the breast post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy.


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[User] What was the final outcome of the patient's treatment?

The patient's condition deteriorated and she later died.


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[User] What was the final outcome of the transplant?

The transplant was performed post-management which was successful. Further follow-up was possible till 10 months posttransplant and the graft was functioning well at that time.


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[User] What was the final outcome of the treatment?

One-year followup showed no problem in teeth, restorations, and temporomandibular joints, and panoramic image after this period showed good results.


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[User] What was the final pathologic examination result?

Final pathologic examination showed infiltration of malignant cells into the tunica vaginalis with negative incisional margin, which was highly suggestive of metastatic tumors.


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[User] What was the final pathological diagnosis of the tumor?

The final pathological diagnosis of MPNST was made based on examination of the surgical specimen.


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[User] What was the finding of the CECT examination?

A contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CECT) examination was performed, which revealed a wandering spleen with torsioned arterial peduncle leading to necrosis of the spleen.


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[User] What was the finding of the CT scan?

An urgent computerized tomography (CT) scan of thorax, abdomen, and pelvis was performed, and it showed retroperitoneal fluid collection and massive air, extensive subcutaneous emphysema on chest wall, neck, and face.


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[User] What was the follow-up care for the patient?

The patient was ultimately followed up and returned to his previous state of health. CT imaging showed eventual spontaneous resolution of lymphadenopathy.


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[User] What was the follow-up care plan after discharge?

The patient was advised to continue oral medications for a 3-day course and was prescribed a reduced intravenous dose of enoxaparin sodium. Follow-up appointments and periodic assessment of oxygen saturation levels were advised.


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[User] What was the follow-up care plan after the patient's surgery?

The patient underwent postoperative TTE, which revealed a small hypoechoic mass remaining in the right side of the heart, compressing the tricuspid valve but causing no stenosis. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of angiosarcoma. The patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy.


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[User] What was the follow-up care plan for the patient after discharge?

The patient showed improved spirometry results and was discharged on oral fluconazole (400 mg daily) with instructions to follow up after a month.


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[User] What was the follow-up care plan for the patient?

The patient continued on the same therapy of a combination of pembrolizumab, gemcitabine, and cisplatinum due to the effective response to immunotherapy and the poorly understood association between thromboembolism and cancer immunotherapy.


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[User] What was the follow-up care plan?

To continue regular follow-up appointments with the healthcare provider. Repeat imaging performed one year after the patient first presented with symptoms failed to demonstrate any lesion growth.


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[User] What was the follow-up duration for the patient?

The patient achieved complete remission (CR) with no relapse during the 3 years of clinical follow-up.


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[User] What was the follow-up outcome for the patient?

The patient was contacted five days after the ED visit and reported almost complete resolution of symptoms. The patient was also contacted three months after the ED visit and denied any rebound symptoms.


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[User] What was the follow-up period for the patient?

The patient was periodically monitored, and the follow-up period of 12 months was uneventful.


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[User] What was the follow-up plan after discharge?

She was discharged without any complications and was advised to continue the exercises at home and perform follow-up appointments as required.


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[User] What was the follow-up plan after surgery?

The patient was monitored every 6 months following surgery. Three years post-surgery, recurrence of the ampullary carcinoma was diagnosed during follow-up through MRI, PET-CT, and EUS-guided fine needle aspiration.


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[User] What was the follow-up plan after the patient's discharge?

The patient was advised to attend follow-up CT scans of her abdomen in regular three to six months intervals.


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[User] What was the follow-up plan for the patient after discharge?

The patient was discharged from the hospital four days after cesarean section with a prescription for oral iron therapy and plans for blood count recheck 15 days after discharge.


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[User] What was the follow-up plan for the patient's cardiac amyloidosis and coagulation parameters?

The patient was counseled on the importance of attending follow-up appointments for continued monitoring of his cardiac amyloidosis and coagulation parameters. Follow-up plan was discussed with the patient and his primary care physician, and he was discharged in stable condition.


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[User] What was the follow-up plan for the patient?

The patient has been informed for regular follow-up appointments for the next two years to ensure there is no recurrence of the swelling. Instructions have been given to maintain a healthy lifestyle and to report any concerns or symptoms immediately.


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[User] What was the follow-up plan for this patient?

The patient was advised to continue annual screening for prevention and early detection of any possible relapses or complications.


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[User] What was the follow-up recommendation for the patient's fibrosis?

The patient is advised to follow up with his treating physician for further management of his condition, in particular, addressing the fibrosis in the upper left lobe.


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[User] What was the follow-up treatment after the second biopsy?

The patient was treated with a high dose of methotrexate chemotherapy, and experienced an improved clinical course with a better radiological response.


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[User] What was the follow-up treatment plan for the patient?

The patient continued imatinib treatment for two years until disease progression and was then switched to sunitinib.


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[User] What was the genetic cause of the patient's condition?

The patient underwent genetic testing, which revealed a compound heterozygous mutation in the PTF1A gene.


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[User] What was the genetic mutation found in the patient?

Genetic testing revealed a mutation in the exon 8 insertion of the PTEN gene.


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[User] What was the goal of the stereotactic biopsy?

A stereotactic biopsy was performed, but the note does not explicitly state the goal. However, it did result in a diagnosis: Moderately cell dense, moderately pleomorphic glial tumor without vascular proliferation, necrosis or mitotic activity.


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[User] What was the histological analysis result for the patient's lesions?

Histological analysis revealed fusiform cell proliferation with elongated nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm.


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[User] What was the histological diagnosis of the excised tissue?

The excised tissue of the right ventricular aneurysm measured 25 × 10 × 3 mm and was sent for histology which revealed a true aneurysm consisting of all three cardiac wall layers, supporting the hypothesis of a non-traumatic aetiology.


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[User] What was the histological diagnosis of the lesion on the patient's left tongue?

The histological diagnosis ‘atypical epithelium that does not rule out neoplastic change’ was obtained. A second biopsy was performed, and the histological diagnosis of SCC was confirmed.


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[User] What was the histological evaluation of the biopsy border?

Histological evaluation of the biopsy border showed Leishmania amastigotes and an inflammatory infiltrate.


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[User] What was the histological examination of the surgical specimen?

Histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed a moderately differentiated tubulo-papillary adenocarcinoma infiltrating deep into the muscle layer, and a 3 cm GIST of the gastric corpus muscle layer.


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[User] What was the histological examination result of the excised lesion?

The histological examination of the excised lesion confirmed the diagnosis of PG.


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[User] What was the histological finding of the excised cyst?

Post-surgery, histology was performed, which showed a unilocular cyst with a discoloured wall lining pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.


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[User] What was the histological finding of the tumor?

Histological findings revealed spindle cells with wavy nuclei and scattered or focal large cells that were round or elongated and contained abundant and deep eosinophilic cytoplasm.


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[User] What was the histological nuclear grade of the tumor?

The histopathological findings showed that the histological nuclear grade was 1.


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[User] What was the histology report of the mass?

The histology report showed dense fibrous tissue with multiple granulomata composed of pallisading epitheliod cells surrounding areas of fibrinoid necrosis. The appearance of the lesion was that of a rheumatoid nodule.


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[User] What was the histopathologic finding of the cornea?

The histopathologic study of the cornea showed fungal elements associated with inflammatory cells.


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[User] What was the histopathological diagnosis of the excised epidural mass?

Microscopic findings of multiple myeloma with <10% necrosis rates were observed from the excised mass.


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[User] What was the histopathological diagnosis of the excised specimen?

Microscopy showed normal epidermis overlying nests of nevus cells having large nucleus and scanty eosinophilic cytoplasm. Superficial clusters contained melanin pigment. Few giant cells were also seen. Hair follicles in the vicinity of nevus were dilated and contained dermatophyte spores. Adjacent to nevus, a well-circumscribed lamellar bone with fatty marrow at the center was seen. Therefore the diagnosis of osteonevus of Nanta (or osseous metaplasia in benign intradermal melanocytic nevus) was made.


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[User] What was the histopathological diagnosis of the nasal mass?

The histopathological results showed a prominent glandular proliferation containing serous as well as mucous components except for its anterior part where hypertrophied mucosa with prominent fibrous lamina propria without glands was observed.


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[User] What was the histopathological diagnosis of the tumor?

Based on histopathological examination, the tumor was diagnosed as a benign lipoleiomyoma.


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[User] What was the histopathological examination result?

The specimen excised from the patient was sent for histopathological examination, which revealed connective tissue stroma with numerous skeletal muscle bundles. Large dilated vascular spaces lined by endothelial cells interspersed between the skeletal muscle bands were observed, which is suggestive of intramuscular capillary hemangioma.


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[User] What was the histopathology report of the excised specimen?

The histopathology report confirmed a junctional melanocytic nevus with all specimen margins free of pigmented cells.


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[User] What was the histopathology report's finding?

The final histopathology report showed a well-differentiated angiosarcoma, and the patient underwent a right simple mastectomy without reconstruction as complementary treatment.


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[User] What was the histopathology result of the patient's nephrectomy?

Histopathology showed high-grade Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (UTUC) with foci of squamous and sarcomatoid differentiation.


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[User] What was the hospital course for the patient with an infected diabetic wound?

During the admission, the patient was admitted to the male Shalya ward for further investigation and management. A dried leaf of Katupila was powdered, and paste was made by adding sesame oil and applied to the wound. The patient's symptoms improved during the hospitalization, and he was advised to continue taking medication regularly and maintain a healthy lifestyle.


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[User] What was the hospital course like?

The patient's hospital course was uneventful.


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[User] What was the imaging finding of the chest radiograph?

On review of his chest radiograph, an area of suspicious homogeneous opacity over the right upper zone lead to a computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax which showed a heterogeneous enhancing mass within a collapsed right upper lobe and multiple mediastinal and axillary lymphadenopathy.


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[User] What was the imaging outcome after 18-FDG PET-CT scan?

18-FDG PET-CT scan showed bilateral ground-glass opacities, intranasal mass with downstream extension to superior alveolar processes, and disease activity in cervical and hilar lymph nodes


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[User] What was the immediate cause of death?

The patient expired shortly thereafter due to septic shock.


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[User] What was the impact of increasing escitalopram dosage on the patient's symptoms?

It was noted that the episodes increased in intensity and frequency after the increase in dose. Escitalopram was then reduced to 5 mg for 1 week, then discontinued.


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[User] What was the impact of patient's smoking history on his condition?

The patient's medical history includes a greater than 100 pack-year smoking history.


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[User] What was the impact of the myomectomy procedure on the patient's hemoglobin levels?

The patient's hemoglobin levels decreased by 0.4 gms% (from 11.5 pre-operative to 11.1 gms% post-operative). However, no blood transfusion was required either intra-operative and/or post-operative.


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[User] What was the impact of the patient's diabetes on their skin lesions?

The patient had a history of diabetes that had been controlled and did not appear to impact the evolution of the skin lesions.


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[User] What was the impact on the patient's tumor volume after GKS treatment?

The patient's tumor volume remained unchanged during control images.


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[User] What was the indication for cardiac transplantation in this patient?

The 45-year-old man presented to a tertiary hospital specialising in cardiothoracic medicine in Brisbane, Australia, where he underwent cardiac transplantation in 2016 for ischaemic cardiomyopathy.


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[User] What was the initial antibiotic treatment for the patient?

The patient was initially started on lopinavir/ritonavir, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin.


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[User] What was the initial appearance of the patient's condition?

The patient presented with a right leg swelling that was noticed since birth. The swelling developed into an abscess, ulceration, and purulent discharge, with accompanying sepsis.


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[User] What was the initial assessment and treatment of the patient?

On physical exam, the patient had mild pain in the right gluteal region with impressive swelling in the area. Point of care ultrasound demonstrated a fluid collection in the right gluteal region which was initially believed to be located within the muscle. The patient was given an ice pack, instructed to use Tylenol, and given a referral to Orthopaedics.


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[User] What was the initial cause of the patient's condition?

The patient was admitted to the hospital with general malaise, arthromyalgia, and fever lasting for two months. Ten days prior to admission, she started experiencing dorsolumbar pain radiating to the right rib region.


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[User] What was the initial cause of the patient's facial injury?

The patient was admitted to our department for evaluation and treatment of complex facial bone fractures, which occurred five years ago due to an altercation involving a large animal.


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[User] What was the initial chemotherapy treatment for the patient's metastatic adenocarcinoma?

Admitted for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the right lung including ipsilateral pleural and diffuse bone spread (T2N0M1c) with initial treatment of carboplatin/pemetrexed chemotherapy resulting in a partial remission.


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[User] What was the initial clinical impression of the patient's condition?

The initial clinical impression was recurrence of GIST.


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[User] What was the initial complaint of the patient?

The patient, a 17-year-old male, was admitted to our Emergency Department with a complaint of mild dyspnoea as the only clinical symptom.


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[User] What was the initial complaint that led to the patient's hospital admission?

The patient was admitted with a complaint of rash and protrusion on the right abdominal wall.


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[User] What was the initial diagnosis and treatment for the patient's condition?

Admitting Diagnosis: Soft tissue abscess of the right hand. A localized soft tissue abscess of the right hand was considered, and the patient was taken to the operating room for incision and drainage.


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[User] What was the initial diagnosis and treatment for the patient?

Non-alcoholic Wernicke encephalopathy was initially suspected due to the clinical presentation and relevant imaging and laboratory findings. The patient underwent treatment with vitamin and protein replacement therapy; however, there was no improvement in the patient's clinical status, and the patient's disease rapidly progressed.


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[User] What was the initial diagnosis and treatment of the patient?

The patient was started on empiric antibiotics and underwent formal irrigation and debridement of the left distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) through a dorsal approach.


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[User] What was the initial diagnosis and treatment plan for the patient?

The patient was admitted to the fetal medicine department for suspected hydatidiform mole coexisting with a live fetus. The working diagnosis was twin pregnancy with a partial mole or coexisting normal fetus. The pregnancy was continued and closely monitored.


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[User] What was the initial diagnosis based on MRI?

The initial diagnosis based on MRI was meningioma;


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[User] What was the initial diagnosis based on imaging studies?

Computed tomography revealed a large mass containing multiple foci along with calcifications and concentric vessels, suggesting that the mass might be a lymphangioma or a cavernous hemangioma.


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[User] What was the initial diagnosis based on radiograph images?

Radiograph images revealed an osteolytic lesion in the right ilium.


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[User] What was the initial diagnosis based on sonographic findings?

Sonographic findings suggested the possibility of a ruptured liver abscess in the right pleural cavity.


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[User] What was the initial diagnosis based on the chest x-ray?

A chest x-ray revealed decreased radiopacity in the right lower lung field, which was accompanied by compression of the lower lobe of the right lung and the liver.


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[User] What was the initial diagnosis based on the patient's symptoms?

The patient presented with abdominal pain in the epigastrium and signs of peritoneal irritation, necessitating emergency surgery.


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[User] What was the initial diagnosis by the local orthopedic physician?

The child was previously seen by a local orthopedic physician who diagnosed a pulled elbow and placed the arm in a cast.


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[User] What was the initial diagnosis for the patient's admission?

Admitting Diagnosis: Recurrent macrohematuria.


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[User] What was the initial diagnosis for the patient's symptoms?

Initial presentation reported symptoms of acute 'hyperemesis gravidarum'.


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[User] What was the initial diagnosis for the patient?

The pathological assessment of axillary lymph node suggested that metastatic poorly differentiated epithelial neoplasia of the lung adenocarcinoma was the primary origin of cancer cells.


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[User] What was the initial diagnosis of the clivus lesion?

The patient was admitted to our hospital for further assessment and treatment of a clivus tumor originally diagnosed as a chordoma or a chondrosarcoma in a private clinic.


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[User] What was the initial diagnosis of the patient's condition?

The physical examination and radiographs showed a comminuted spiral fracture of the femoral shaft, AO type 32 C1.1.


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[User] What was the initial diagnosis of the patient's liver condition?

The tumor was initially diagnosed eight years ago as a simple cyst, with no intervention recommended at that time.


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[User] What was the initial diagnosis of the patient?

The diagnosis was confirmed through peripheral blood flow cytometry and chromosomal studies, revealing Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) with unique cytogenetic findings, including the MLL gene rearrangement and MLLT3/MLL fusion.


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[User] What was the initial diagnosis?

Lumbosacral plexopathy was initially diagnosed, caused by infection or lymphoma involvement.


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[User] What was the initial differential diagnosis for the patient's condition?

The initial differential diagnosis was infectious versus inflammatory: orbital cellulitis versus dacryoadenitis (infectious or noninfectious) versus orbital pseudotumor versus IgG4-related disease.


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[User] What was the initial electrocardiogram result?

An initial electrocardiogram (EKG) showed normal sinus rhythm.


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[User] What was the initial finding that led to the referral of the patient?

The patient was referred due to fundus findings observed at 12 years of age.


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[User] What was the initial laboratory finding for the patient?

Initial laboratory investigations showed a white blood cell count of 8,610/mm3 and a CRP level of 16.56 mg/dL.


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[User] What was the initial laboratory finding that led to the suspicion of community-acquired pneumonia?

Although negative ELISA results, community-acquired pneumonia was suspected based on chest radiographs which showed peripheral ground-glass opacities in the mid-and lower-third of the thorax.


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[User] What was the initial muscle strength of the patient's left hemibody?

He was plegic in the left hemibody, and the sensory level was at C6 with residual sensation to S4/S5.


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[User] What was the initial neurological examination finding?

Examination revealed no neurological deficit but an MRI scan revealed a lower thoracic syrinx with some signal change in the spinal cord.


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[User] What was the initial physical examination finding at the left sternal border?

A grade 4/6 holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border was detected.


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[User] What was the initial post-operative care plan?

After the successful procedure, topical tobramycin 0.3% with dexamethasone 0.1%, tropicamide 1%, and diclofenac sodium 0.1% were prescribed for the patient.


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[User] What was the initial preoperative diagnosis of the mass?

The initial preoperative diagnosis of the mass was fibrous tumor of the LV apex.


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[User] What was the initial presentation of the patient's condition?

The patient felt a nodule 1.5 years before, but ignored it as she thought it might be part of fibroadenomatous breast disease. The mass rapidly grew to 2.1 cm and became harder in the previous few months.


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[User] What was the initial presentation of the patient?

The 45-year-old female patient presented to the department with an enlarging lesion in her upper abdomen.


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[User] What was the initial radiograph finding?

The initial radiograph showed a small, translucent lesion in the lateral cortex of the proximal fibula.


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[User] What was the initial reason for the patient's hospital admission?

A 64-year-old woman was admitted to our Unit after presenting with an elevation in serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels during a regular follow-up appointment.


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[User] What was the initial surgical procedure for the impacted maxillary right first molar?

An initial surgical procedure was performed to expose the hard tissue covering the tooth, but the lesion could not be separated from the tooth.


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[User] What was the initial suspected cause of the patient's vision loss?

Initially, the ophthalmologist attributed it to diabetes retinopathy.


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[User] What was the initial suspected diagnosis when the patient arrived at the emergency department?

A diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) was initially considered, but following normal CT and MRI findings, further investigation revealed a small alkali burn on the patient's wrist and recent exposure to methyl iodide due to his occupation as a chemical factory worker.


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[User] What was the initial suspicion upon hospital admission?

The patient was admitted due to the suspicion of transformation of her low-grade glioma, which had been previously diagnosed as an optic pathway tumour.


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[User] What was the initial transplant work-up for the patient?

The initial CDC crossmatch (XM) and Donor-specific antibodies (DSA) lysate XM performed during pretransplant work-up was negative.


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[User] What was the initial transthoracic echocardiography finding?

Initial transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated mild left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, with hypokinesia of the interventricular septum and an aneurysm of the cardiac apex.


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[User] What was the initial treatment for the cat?

The animal was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and prednisone over six days due to the initial diagnosis of suspected systemic infection with neurologic signs or toxoplasmosis.


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[User] What was the initial treatment for the patient's GIST?

Imatinib (400 mg/d) was initially administered as adjuvant treatment to prevent recurrence, but it was discontinued because of severe side effects.


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[User] What was the initial treatment for the patient's cervical cancer?

The patient was treated with chemoradiotherapy, which consisted of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and high-dose rate brachytherapy (HDR BT). The patient also received four courses of weekly cisplatin.


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[User] What was the initial treatment for the patient's condition?

The patient was initially treated with continuous omeprazole, which relieved the upper abdominal pain slightly. However, the patient's symptoms persisted.


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[User] What was the initial treatment for the patient's lung cancer?

The patient received surgical treatment with left upper lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection.


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[User] What was the initial treatment for the patient's ovarian cancer?

She received chemotherapy with docetaxel and carboplatin, achieving complete remission after six cycles of treatment.


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[User] What was the initial treatment for the patient's seizures?

The patient had initially been treated with sodium valproate followed by carbamazepine and phenytoin, all without benefit.


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[User] What was the initial treatment for the patient?

Initial treatment with interferon-alpha and intermittent hydroxyurea from December 2000.


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[User] What was the initial treatment plan for the patient?

Cooling, sexual abstinence, and oral medication with ciprofloxacin, diclofenac, and pantoprazole were prescribed.


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[User] What was the levothyroxine dosage for this patient?

Patient was started on levothyroxine, which normalized free thyroxine levels but did not affect elevated TSH. Higher levothyroxine doses resulted in elevated thyroid hormone levels with hyperthyroid symptoms.


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[User] What was the likely cause of avascular necrosis in this patient?

Avascular necrosis of the heads of the second, third, and fourth metatarsals, likely secondary to an altered biomechanics due to a prior fifth metatarsal fracture and increased force exerted on the metatarsal heads, as well as poor bone quality and microvascular ischaemia resulting from diabetic peripheral neuropathy.


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[User] What was the likely cause of the patient's aortic dissection?

Given her extensive and complicated cardiovascular history, the dissection was iatrogenic, likely related to recent catheterization.


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[User] What was the likely cause of the patient's symptoms?

Given the patient's medical history and clinical course, it is likely that the patient experienced a transient ischemic attack. The patient's speech deficit, hypertension, and international background may have contributed to the presentation of this event.


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[User] What was the long-term follow-up care plan for the patient?

The postoperative course was uneventful, with notable improvement in neurological function. The patient gradually regained normal strength in his leg in 6 months time.


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[User] What was the long-term outcome for the patient?

The long-term follow-up exceeds 12 months with no new neoplastic foci found in ECHO and computed tomography. The patient's left ventricular ejection fraction remains stable (LVEF 40%).


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[User] What was the main cause for the patient's hospitalization?

She was unable to sit or lie down comfortably, and experienced torrential bleeding from the ulcerated tumor, requiring blood transfusions and hospitalization.


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[User] What was the main cause of anemia in this patient?

The patient, a 57-year-old male diagnosed with HHT and recurrent nosebleeds since childhood, presented with severe anemia and hypoferritinemia.


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[User] What was the main cause of death in this tapir?

The presence of encephalomyocarditis virus was confirmed by PCR amplification of 285 nucleotides located in the 3D polymerase-coding region.


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[User] What was the main cause of the patient's abdominal pain?

He had undergone a laparoscopic radical left nephrectomy 28 days prior and was diagnosed with adhesion colic. However, he continued to experience clinical deterioration and was found to have a small bowel obstruction and two transition points in the left hemiabdomen on a CT scan.


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[User] What was the main cause of the patient's cognitive and memory disturbances?

Endocrinologic examination and imaging tests revealed the presence of a mass located in the third ventricle causing left unilateral hydrocephalus due to obstruction of the foramen Monroe.


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[User] What was the main cause of the patient's condition?

A ruptured retroperitoneal varix was identified as the source of the bleeding, which was successfully ligated.


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[User] What was the main cause of the patient's hospitalization?

The patient was admitted to the hospital due to severe upper abdominal pain radiating to the back, which was associated with nausea and vomiting.


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[User] What was the main cause of the patient's nasal obstruction?

The examination revealed a nasal mass in front of the left middle turbinate extending nearly down to the inferior turbinate in anterior rhinoscopy and a mass extending from the superior nasal cavity toward the inferior turbinate on the left side in endoscopy.


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[User] What was the main cause of the patient's pain?

He had mild left lower extremity weakness, and screening tests were normal. The lumbar x-ray showed Grade I retrolisthesis at L1-2-3-4-5 and multiple old compression fractures at L2, L3, and L4.


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[User] What was the main cause of the patient's presentation?

The patient presented with a traumatic flap laceration of the dorsum of her hand.


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[User] What was the main cause of the patient's symptoms?

A computed tomography (CT) scan was performed, revealing left otomastoiditis associated with a large fluid collection.


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[User] What was the main complaint of patient K-ES1?

The patient was admitted for the diagnosis and treatment of Ewing sarcoma.


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[User] What was the main complaint of the 10-month-old patient?

The patient, a 10-month-old girl with no prior history of seizures, was admitted to our facility following a head injury resulting from an accidental fall.


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[User] What was the main complaint of the 17-year-old female patient?

Camptodactyly of the little finger in the right hand.


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[User] What was the main complaint of the 7-year-old patient?

The patient presented with right distal forearm and wrist pain for four years. There was no numbness or tingling sensation in the involved area of the upper limb, and the pain and functional limitation were interfering with his daily activities and schooling.


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[User] What was the main complaint of the 72-year-old male patient?

Patient was admitted with acute onset shortness of breath.


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[User] What was the main complaint of the calf?

Chief Complaint: Lateral recumbency, dullness, and anorexia.


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[User] What was the main complaint of the patient after the procedure?

The patient developed visual disturbance and expressive dysphasia immediately after waking from anesthesia.


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[User] What was the main complaint of the patient at admission?

Admission Diagnosis: Remittent fever for one week with increasing systemic bone pain


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[User] What was the main complaint of the patient on presentation?

The patient presented with redness and ocular pain in the left eye along with mild diminution of vision.


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[User] What was the main complaint of the patient upon admission?

The patient was admitted with a one-month history of fatigue, fever, and joint pain, followed by a week of decreased urine output.


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[User] What was the main complaint of the patient upon arrival?

The patient, a 50-year-old man, presented with dyspnea and oxygen saturation of 87%.


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[User] What was the main complaint of the patient upon hospital admission?

Chief Complaint: Daily seizures evolving to secondarily generalized seizures.


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[User] What was the main complaint of the patient?

The patient was admitted to our hospital with complaints of epigastric discomfort.


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[User] What was the main complaint when the patient first presented?

The patient presented with reported discomfort associated with physical stimulation on the permanent mandibular left first molar.


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[User] What was the main concern that led to the patient's hospitalization?

The patient was an 8-year-old female with hearing loss in her right ear.


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[User] What was the main diagnosis for the 14-year-old male patient?

The patient was diagnosed with a left knee injury and Watson-Jones type IIIB avulsion fracture of the tibial tuberosity apophysis.


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[User] What was the main diagnosis for the patient?

Discharge Diagnosis: Pancreatic cyst


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[User] What was the main diagnosis for this patient?

The patient was diagnosed with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome due to hypertension, based on brain CT and MRI. The patient was also diagnosed with adrenocortical adenoma.


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[User] What was the main diagnosis of the patient?

Upon admission, she was diagnosed with a rare skin condition that caused her to have thick parchment-like skin, eversion of eyelids, and eclabium among other symptoms.


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[User] What was the main finding during the intra oral examination?

The intra oral examination revealed no soft-tissue abnormalities except mild gingivitis. A bilateral protostylid was present on the buccal surface of the maxillary right and left first primary molars viewed in the frontal plane.


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[User] What was the main finding during the patient's autopsy?

During the autopsy, the presence of chronic venous insufficiency was observed in the left lower leg with the presence of a cutaneous ulcer and surrounding skin firmness. Significant pallor of the organs, subendocardial hemorrhages, a small yellowish, nodular and firm liver were observed on internal examination.


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[User] What was the main issue with the patient's abortion?

Further investigations revealed unsafe abortion with uterine and bowel perforation.


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[User] What was the main issue with the patient's kidney transplant?

After transplantation, his daily urine output exceeded 4 L, resulting in difficulty maintaining optimal fluid balance, which led to accelerated allograft failure four years later.


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[User] What was the main neurological finding in the patient's examination?

The patient's neurological examination indicated clinical signs of cerebellar ataxia and brisk tendon reflexes, and Babinski signs were present in lower limbs.


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[User] What was the main purpose of the RNA analysis in this case?

RNA analysis was performed to investigate the pathogenicity of the variant. However, the sequencing chromatogram was not interpretable. By analyzing 23 colonies obtained by TOPO cloning, we identified 2 types of transcript in addition to the wild type. Two colonies showed an insertion of the first 153 bp of intron 17, and one colony showed the same insertion + exon 18 skipping.


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[User] What was the main purpose of the patient's admission?

The patient was admitted to the hospital for a combined surgical and prosthetic treatment plan to correct midface hypoplasia and restore oral function.


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[User] What was the main reason for emergency surgery?

The patient was diagnosed with an obstructed right inguinal hernia with impending strangulation and promptly taken for emergency surgery.


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[User] What was the main reason for hospitalization?

The patient was discharged after treatment for an apparent AVM-related cerebral infarction, which was diagnosed and treated with aspirin.


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[User] What was the main reason for patient's hospital admission?

The patient was admitted for complex right pleural effusion.


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[User] What was the main reason for the patient's abdominal pain?

She reported a history of assault with a direct kick over the lower abdomen 8 hours before presentation.


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[User] What was the main reason for the patient's admission to the hospital?

Reason for Admission: To manage imatinib-induced DRESS syndrome.


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[User] What was the main reason for the patient's admission?

The patient was admitted to our unit due to a symptomatic prolapse of a sigmoid neovagina.


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[User] What was the main reason for the patient's decline in health after the lung transplant?

The patient subsequently resumed smoking, which led to a right-sided large-volume pneumothorax.


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[User] What was the main reason for the patient's first admission?

Admission Reason: Recurrent ventricular fibrillation (VF) arrest


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[User] What was the main reason for the patient's hospital admission?

The patient was admitted to our hospital on [redacted] due to breathlessness after an overdose with alprazolam.


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[User] What was the main reason for the patient's hospital visit?

The patient presented with intermittent pain and incomplete root canal treatment in the left lower back region.


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[User] What was the main reason for the patient's hospitalization?

The patient was admitted to the Emergency Department with upper right quadrant abdominal pain, fever, and hemodynamic instability.


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[User] What was the main reason for the patient's hypothyroidism?

The patient's hypothyroidism was attributed to iodine overload from breastfeeding.


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[User] What was the main reason for the patient's multiple interventions for glaucoma management?

A 47-year-old male with poorly controlled diabetes and neovascular glaucoma OU underwent multiple interventions for glaucoma management, including panretinal photocoagulation, Avastin injections, glaucoma drainage devices, and additional medications.


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[User] What was the main reason for the patient's surgery?

The patient underwent a laparoscopic total gastrectomy due to a CDH1 gene mutation.


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[User] What was the main reason for the patient's visit to the dental clinic?

The patient was admitted to the dental clinic with a complaint of pain and swelling in her upper left lateral incisor.


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[User] What was the main reason for the patient's visit to the surgical department?

The patient presented to the surgical department clinic with complaint of pain and swelling in the right inguinal region for the past two weeks.


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[User] What was the main reason for the patient's visit?

The patient presented to our office due to concerns of oral cavity assessment and treatment planning for complete oral rehabilitation.


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[User] What was the main reason for this patient's hospitalization?

This 24-year-old male patient was transferred from a small rural hospital due to increasing abdominal pain and progressive weight gain.


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[User] What was the main reason the patient was admitted to the hospital?

The patient was diagnosed with a right renal tumor during a follow-up CT scan for chronic hepatitis.


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[User] What was the mechanism of injury that led to the patient's hospital admission?

The patient presented to the hospital with a dorsal oblique amputation of his left middle finger sustained while using a drill.


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[User] What was the mother's condition leading to an emergency caesarean section?

The mother being diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2.


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[User] What was the nature of the abdominal bulge observed in the patient?

A physical examination revealed... a marked bulge on the right side of his abdomen. The bulge became more pronounced with increased abdominal pressure.


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[User] What was the nature of the patient's back pain?

The patient presented with back pain and worsened left lower extremity pain, including neurogenic claudication, after a fall from standing height.


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[User] What was the newborn's condition after delivery?

A diagnosis of pulmonary hypoplasia was made on the basis of immediate onset of severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) requiring high ventilator pressures (MAP = 18) and no improvement in oxygenation or lung compliance after two doses of surfactant.


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[User] What was the outcome after cranial radiation?

The patient received three cycles of cranial radiation, but subsequently opted for hospice and palliative care due to severe back pain and claustrophobia.


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[User] What was the outcome after discontinuing dulaglutide?

The patient improved significantly after discontinuation of dulaglutide. No further treatment needed.


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[User] What was the outcome after endoscopic extraction of the living worm?

After endoscopic extraction of the living worm, the patient's symptoms were relieved.


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[User] What was the outcome after gluten-free diet?

After 4 weeks of GFD, the patient did not experience any improvement of symptoms, and bowel movements with abdominal pain increased to around 6–7 daily.


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[User] What was the outcome after the exenteration of the right orbit?

Within three days after surgery, there were still 3 larvae crawling out of the orbit. On the ninth postoperative day, the defect was repaired via reconstruction with a pedicled musculocutaneous flap from the forehead region.


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[User] What was the outcome after the patient received chemotherapy?

After one cycle of chemotherapy with adriamycin and bleomycin, the patient was discharged for further treatment.


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[User] What was the outcome after the patient was administered rituximab?

The patient was administered rituximab to a positive response. For remission-maintenance, rituximab and methotrexate were administered.


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[User] What was the outcome after the third surgery?

The patient developed recurrent swelling within a year after the third surgery and discontinued further treatment after the diagnosis of brain parenchymal invasion.


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[User] What was the outcome after the total hip arthroplasty?

The patient was discharged in stable condition with improved hip function and partial tumor response.


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[User] What was the outcome at the 1-year follow-up?

At the 1-year follow-up, the patient has had no recurrence of GI hemorrhage.


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[User] What was the outcome at the 4-month follow-up?

At four-month follow-up, the patient reported a full return to normal activities and full range of motion, with no limitations or pain symptoms.


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[User] What was the outcome following surgery?

The patient had an uneventful recovery with no cardiovascular events and has been in good health for one year post-surgery. Contrast CT one year post-surgery showed no evidence of the coronary artery aneurysm, and the bypass vessels were intact.


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[User] What was the outcome for the baby after birth?

The patient subsequently underwent a caesarean section with the delivery of a baby boy weighing 3210 g AS/5 who was sent to the NICU for diaphragmatic hernia.


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[User] What was the outcome for the infant?

An infant weighing 2,000 g was delivered after 23 minutes with an Apgar score of 1/3. ... Nonetheless, due to appropriate and timely management, both the patient and the infant were discharged from the hospital.


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[User] What was the outcome for the patient?

She later died of bronchopneumonia 28 months after the initial diagnosis of metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma.


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[User] What was the outcome for the stillborn calf?

The stillborn calf was delivered and had arthrogryposis, partial lumbar and complete sacral and coccygeal vertebral aplasia, and an abdominal midline defect.


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[User] What was the outcome of ECMO-assisted WLL?

The patient remained hemodynamically stable throughout the procedure and was weaned off ECMO after 2 hours of the procedure.


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[User] What was the outcome of ESPB administration?

Within 30 minutes after administering ESPB, the patient reported complete pain relief, which lasted for 12 hours before additional doses of analgesia were administered.


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[User] What was the outcome of Fluorescein angiography?

Fluorescein angiography (FA) revealed straining of drusen and late, irregular leakage in the left eye.


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[User] What was the outcome of Ivan's treatment?

Despite two years of treatment, Ivan had not yet improved markedly.


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[User] What was the outcome of MS's hospitalization?

Although not explicitly stated, MS's hospitalization seems to have been informative as recommendations were provided for future EAI use prevention of bone injection.


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[User] What was the outcome of Miss R's treatment?

Over the next 4 to 5 days of in-patient management, Miss R slowly started taking oral fluids, and her psychotic symptoms gradually improved. By the end of 2 weeks of admission, she did not have any swallowing difficulty and was able to take food normally.


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[User] What was the outcome of Patient 11's WES?

The patient underwent WES, which confirmed the presence of the pathogenic mutation in LOXHD1.


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[User] What was the outcome of Patient 2's hospital stay?

The patient received appropriate care and was discharged with instructions for follow-up care.


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[User] What was the outcome of Patient 2's treatment?

Despite ongoing treatment, she developed progressive disease and subsequently died 7 months later.


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[User] What was the outcome of Patient no. 2's procedure?

At 12-month follow-up, he remains asymptomatic and has normal left ventricular function.


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[User] What was the outcome of acyclovir treatment for tracheitis and febrile infection?

The patient received acyclovir every 8 hours for 3 weeks and gradually responded well to treatment.