Jules Olivier Ntcham (born 9 February 1996) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for EFL Championship club Swansea City.
Born in Longjumeau, a southern suburb of Paris, Ntcham played for numerous youth clubs in and around Paris before joining youth academies at Paris FC and Le Havre. At the age of 16, Ntcham joined Manchester City's Elite Development Squad for £730,000 in 2012. Developing under City's Football Development Executive Patrick Vieira, Ntcham's potential was noticed by club manager Manuel Pellegrini, who included him City's pre-season tour of Australia in 2015.
After signing a professional contract with City, Ntcham was loaned out for a two season spell at Genoa in Italy's Serie A, with an option to buy later. In July 2017, Ntcham signed for Scottish Premiership side Celtic on a four-year permanent deal with the Glasgow club. He signed a contract extension with Celtic in November 2018, extending his stay until 2022. In February 2021, Ntcham was loaned out to French club Marseille. He joined Swansea City in September 2021.Cameroon 1 international play
Internationally, Ntcham has represented France at numerous levels, most recently the France national under-21 football team at the 2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship.  Ntcham signed for Manchester City in 2012, joining from French club Le Havre for a fee in the region of €1m, after refusing to sign a professional contract at the club. In July 2015, he signed a five-year deal with Manchester City, before joining Italian side Genoa on a two-year loan. On 28 August 2015, Serie A side Genoa signed Ntcham on a two-year loan with an option to buy. He made his debut for the club on 23 August 2015, in a 1–0 defeat to Palermo. His second match was marked with a 2–0 win against Hellas Verona.
Ntcham's first goal for Genoa came in the opening game of his second season, during a 3–1 win over Cagliari on 21 August 2016. He scored his second goal on 26 February 2017, in stoppage time, rescuing a 1–1 draw with Bologna. On 12 July 2017, Ntcham signed a four-year contract with Celtic. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 1–0 win against Partick Thistle on 11 August 2017. On 9 November 2018, at the age of 22, he signed a new four-year contract to keep him at Celtic until the year 2022.
Ntcham scored the winning goal against Lazio in the Europa League on 7 November 2019, giving Celtic a 2–1 victory.<PIC> On 1 February 2021, Ntcham joined French side Marseille on loan for the remainder of the 2020–21 season. Manager André Villas-Boas, who had informed the Marseille board that he didn't want the player, offered his resignation the following day in response to Ntcham joining and was suspended as manager a few hours later for publicly criticising the club's board. On 10 February 2021, he made his debut for Marseille as a substitute for Valentin Rongier in a 2–0 away win over AJ Auxerre in the Coupe de France. On 10 February 2021, he made his league debut as a substitute for Michaël Cuisance in a 0–0 away draw against Bordeaux. On 1 September 2021, Ntcham joined Championship club Swansea City on a free transfer. He scored his first goal for Swansea in a 3–3 draw with Luton Town on 18 September 2021. Ntcham was born in France to parents of Cameroonian descent. He was a youth international for France at various levels.
In November 2019, he was placed on standby for Cameroon's Africa Cup of Nations qualifiers against Cape Verde and Rwanda. As of match played 10 April 2021
Includes Coppa Italia, Scottish Cup, Coupe de France
Includes Scottish League Cup
Includes UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League Celtic
Scottish Premiership: 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20
Scottish Cup: 2017–18, 2018–19
Scottish League Cup: 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20


The Planetarium of Nantes is a planetarium located in Nantes, France. It was inaugurated in 1981. The planetarium is located at 8 Rue des Acadiens in Butte Sainte-Anne. It is near the bank of the Loire, in the Square Moisan and the neighborhood Bellevue - Chantenay - Sainte-Anne. The planetarium can not be visited as a museum, it offers commented sessions of about an hour (as in the cinema but live). Each session, is scheduled in advanced and adapted to a certain type of public, according to the age or the level of knowledge.
Under a dome 8 meters (26 ft) in diameter, the planetarium can accommodate 59 spectators and accommodate about 60,000 visitors per year, school or the general public.
In the lobby, there are three large meteorites (36 kg or 79 lbs for the heaviest) that the public can touch, showcases exposing several fragments of various types of meteorites, models putting various robots in situation on the soil of Mars, Venus, the Moon, Titan (moon of Saturn) and on a comet, planetary globes, rockets, the International Space Station, probes like Juno (around Jupiter) or the Hubble Space Telescope and James Webb Space Telescope, and other rovers.
The planetarium is equipped with a mobile planetarium (an inflatable structure 5 to 6 meters in diameter and 3 meters high) designed for the introduction to astronomy for use in schools.
The Planetarium of Nantes also weaves a network among the local actors like the Laboratory of planetology of the University of Nantes, the Museum of natural history, the science and environment pole Sequoia, the Society of Astronomy of Nantes, the association "Meridienne" , and many others, all working in the field of research or scientific mediation including astronomy. In 1979, the City of Nantes decided to build a planetarium. At that time in France, there was only one large planetarium in at the Palais de la découverte and 3 small planetariums in Reims, ENAC Toulouse, and Marseille. The planetarium in Nantes was to be built on the upper part of Square Moisan, which was abandoned at this time.
Opened to the public on June 18, 1981, the planetarium is equipped with a Carl Zeiss projector, model ZKP2 identical to that of Reims, Nimes (which will open a year later) and Marseille (which will burn quickly).
Between 1999 and 2000, the City of Nantes expanded the premises with two offices of 9m2 (97 ft2), which allows to expand the lobby and install some models and collections of meteorites.
In the autumn of 2005, for approximately 480,000 euros, the opto-mechanical projector Zeiss was replaced by a digital type installation and the City of Nantes has offered its former planetary Zeiss at the National University of Córdoba (Argentina ). At that time, there were only 3 planetariums in France using Evans & Sutherland's Digistar II fisheye (Vaulx-en-Velin, Pleumeur-Bodou and Toulouse), and Saint-Étienne experimenting with multi-video projectors. Nantes is the first planetarium in the world to install five video projectors (to cover the entire vault) DLP type in a medium dome.
Since the 1990s, some pioneers have been developing digital installations to replace opto-mechanical star projectors. Digital installations consist of installing video projectors in the dome, computers and software (astronomical simulator) to reconstruct the observable Universe data astronomical catalogs constructed by data from astrometric satellites, such as Hipparcos (about 120,000 positioned stars) or Gaia (spacecraft) (more than 1 million objects). This makes it possible to move in a universe volume in three dimensions, in real time or to "travel" in time. If the simulator is well built, it can also travel from planets to planets and land there.
In the fall of 2013, the Nantes Planetarium closed for refurbishment work: change of video projectors, computers and software for around 500,000 euros. These two months of closure to the public have refreshed the chairs, redo the painting of the dome and re-arrange the lobby of the public.
As a result of the transformation of the urban community into Metropole, it becomes a metropolitan facility between January 2015 and January 2016.<PIC> Before this crisis, renovations were planned for fall 2020, but it did not go as planned. The Planetarium remained closed for 16 months. The initial works provided for the change of the carpet, the paintings, the renewal of the seats, the displacement of the console outside the perimeter of the room allowing the addition of eight new places, a new airlock allowing a discreet exit without flooding of light the spectators plunged into darkness. But the additional work made it possible to change the entire air conditioning system. The Planetarium reopened for its 40th anniversary on July 3, 2021. This small municipal square of 690 m² (7,400 sq ft) located between the back of the planetarium and the Rue de l'Hermitage, has in its center a set of sculptures, including a giant sundial, made by Jean-Michel Ansel, sundial maker, entitled  Structures astronomiques , representing the movement of the Earth around the Sun, eclipses of the Moon and the Sun, the retrograde movement of Mars, the sunshine of the Earth in real time, the planets scaled to each other etc. This square is accessible either by the staircase located between Misery street and Hermitage street, or from the Acadiens street bypassing the planetarium.


Jordan Kos (born June 25, 2000) is a female international Canadian lawn bowler.<PIC> Kos started lawn bowling at the Regina Lawn Bowling Club in May, 2008 at the age of 7 years.  Kos became a member of the Development Squad of Team Canada in 2014, at the age of 14 years - the youngest player every to do so.  Kos became a member of the High Performance, Senior Squad, Team Canada in 2016.  Kos is currently attending the University of Regina, Faculty of Education and Faculty of Arts History.  Kos was selected to represent Canada at the 2022 Commonwealth Games held in Birmingham, England. She competed in the women's singles and the women's pairs (as skip). This was Kos' debut appearance at the Commonwealth Games. Kos won a bronze medal in the triples with Jacqueline Foster and Leanne Chinery at the 2019 Asia Pacific Bowls Championships, held in the Gold Coast, Queensland. In 2020 Kos was selected for the 2020 World Outdoor Bowls Championship in Australia which will now take place in September, 2021. Jordan will skip the Pairs team with Joanna Cooper as Lead and will vice the Triples team with Leanne Chinery as skip and Jackie Foster as lead. 2022 - Selected to the Commonwealth Games Team.  Singles. Skipping Pairs with Jackie Foster from Nova Scotia.
2019 - Multi Nations Tournament - Selected to Represent Canada.  Vice for Women's Fours.  Vice for Women's Triples.
2019 - US Open - Sun City, Arizona.  Runner Up in the Championship Flights for Women's Fours, Women's Pairs, Women's Singles.  Female Player of the Tournament.
2019 - US Open - Bowler of the Tournament  https://www.lawnbowlingusopen.com/2019-results
2018 - Competed in the US Open in Sun City, Arizona.  Finished 1st in Flight 4 in Women's Fours. Finished 2nd in Flight 1 in Women's Pairs.
2018 - Competed in the NAC (North American Challenge), Laguna Hills, California. Team Jarvis. Competed in Women's Pairs and Women's Fours.
2018 - Represented Canada in Cardiff, Wales at the 10 Nations Test Match.  Competed in Women's Triples and Women's Singles.
2017 - Represented Canada in the 8 Nations Event in Broadbeach, Australia.
2016 - Represented Canada in the NAC (North American Challenge), Vancouver, BC. Team Folkins. Competed in Women's Fours and Women's Pairs.
2015 - Silver Medal - 18th Annual Tiger Bowls and China Open.  Women's Fours.
2014 - Represented Canada in the NAC (North American Challenge), Arizona. 2019 - Bronze Medal - Women's Singles (Kitchener)
2019 - Bronze Medal - Women's U25 (Victoria)
2018 - Silver Medal - Women's U25 (Winnipeg)
2018 - Bronze Medal - Women's Fours (Regina)
2017 - Silver Medal - Women's Singles (Winnipeg)
2017 - Gold Medal - Women's U18 (Halifax)
2017 - Gold Medal - Forster-Lang Pairs (Halifax)
2016 - Silver Medal - Woman's Singles (Vancouver)
2016 - Silver Medal - Women's Fours (Edmonton)
2015 - 3rd after Round Robin - Women's Singles (Winnipeg)
2015 - Gold Medal - Forster-Lang Pairs (Saskatoon)
2015 - Gold Medal - Women's U18 (Saskatoon)
2014 - Gold Medal - Women's Fours (Ontario)
2014 - Silver Medal - Women's U18 (Etobicoke)
2013 - Gold Medal - Forster-Lang Pairs (New Brunswick)
2013 - 4th Place - Women's U18 (New Brunswick)
2012 - Women's U18 (Kelona)
2012 - Women's U18 (Kelona) won Player of the Tournament
2011 - Women's U18 - 1st National Tournament (Montreal) 2022 - Gold Medal - Women's Outdoor Singles
2022 - Gold Medal - Women's Fours
2019 - Gold Medal - Women's U25
2019 - Silver Medal - Women's Singles
2018 - Gold Medal - Women's Fours
2017 - Gold Medal - Women's Singles
2017 - Gold Medal - Women's U18
2017 - Gold Medal - Women's Fours
2016 - Bronze Medal - Women's Singles
2016 - Gold Medal - Women's U18
2016 - Silver Medal - Women's Pairs
2016 - Gold Medal - Women's Fours
2015 - Gold Medal - Women's U18
2015 - Silver Medal - Mixed Pairs
2015 - Gold Medal - Women's Pairs
2015 - Silver Medal - Women's Fours
2014 - Gold Medal - Women's U18
2014 - Gold Medal - Women's Fours
2014 - Bronze Medal - Women's Pairs
2013 - Gold Medal - Women's U18
2012 - Gold Medal - Women's U18
2011 - Gold Medal - Women's U18
2010 - Silver Medal - Women's U18 2021 - Singles Club Champion - Region Lawn Bowling Club
2021 - Women's Singles Club Champion - Regina Lawn Bowling Club
2021 - Women's Pairs Provincial Champion - Skip Jean Roney, Lead Jordan Kos
2021 - Mixed Pairs Provincial Champion - Skip Carter Watson, Lead Jordan Kos
2014 - Gold Medal - Women's Champion - Regina Lawn Bowling Club
2014 - Gold Medal - Club Champion - Regina Lawn Bowling Club 2018 - Youth Female Athlete of the Year Finalist - Province of Saskatchewan
2017 - Nominated for the Sask Sport Youth Athlete of the Year by Bowls Sask
2016 - Nominated for the Sask Sport Youth Athlete of the Month for September.
2016 - CTV Athlete of the Week (August 29, 2016) with Carter Watson Taylor Ace - Size 3 - Raspberry Ripple
Taylor Ace - Size 3 - Pink & White Speckle
Taylor Ace - Size 3 - Yellow & White Speckle
Taylor Redline - Size 3 - Red
Henselite Dreamline XG - Size 3 - Joker (Orange/Black/Violet/Pink)
Tiger - Size 3 - Marine 2021 - 2022 - Contract Extended - High Performance Squad, Team Canada
2018 - 2021 - Selected to the High Performance Squad, Team Canada
2016 - 2018 - Selected to the High Performance Squad, Team Canada
2015 - 2016 - Selected to the Development Squad, Team Canada 2022 - Interview with Global News (Commonwealth Games 2022 Experience)  |   https://globalnews.ca/news/9054209/lawn-bowling-regina-jordan-kos-commonwealth-games/
2022 - Locker Talk Interview
2021 - Locker Talk Interview
2021 - CTV Morning Live Interview
2021 - Talk of the Town Interview
2021 - Interview with Fox News (Emily Fulford and Skycron, an affiliate of Fox News)
2019 - Global TV - Live Morning Segment at the RLBC
2019 - CTV Morning Live
2019 - Talk of the Town
2019 - https://globalnews.ca/news/5362482/lawn-bowling-club-regina/
2018 - Appeared at the Government of Saskatchewan  Legislative Assembly
2018 - http://www.ilawnbowl.com/the-spirit-award/
2018 - https://biasedbowls.ca/2020/09/11/bowls-in-the-age-of-covid-19-checking-in-with-the-youth-squad/
2018 - Locker Talk
2017 - CBC Vignette
2017 - Talk of the Town
2017 - Leader Post Article
2017 - https://www.wlbowl.ca/youth/
2015 - Global TV Field Trippin
2015 - CTV Noon Show
2015 - https://leaderpost.com/sports/regina-teen-has-right-touch-on-the-green


Shirvan Khanate (Persian: خانات شیروان, romanized: Khānāt-e Shirvan) was a Caucasian khanate under Iranian suzerainty, which controlled the Shirvan region from 1761 to 1820.<PIC> Under the Safavid dynasty of Iran, Shirvan was a leading silk manufacturer and its principal city, Shamakhi, became an important place for trade. In 1724, most of Shirvan was annexed to the Ottoman Empire by the Treaty of Constantinople. In 1734, the Iranian military leader Nader recovered Shirvan and installed Mohammad Mehdi Khan as its beglarbeg (governor-general).
The following year, Mohammad Mehdi Khan was killed by rebellious dignitaries of the province. They had been incited by the governor of Darband, Morad-Ali Soltan Ostajlu. Mohammad Qasem Beg, who was a prominent dignitary of Shirvan and Nader's ishikaghasi-bashi (chamberlain), successfully appealed to Nader to pardon Shirvan. In 1735, Nader had the inhabitants of Shamakhi resettled in New Shamakhi (Aqsu), situated 18 miles north of the Kur River. He then installed as Sardar Khan Qaraqlu the new governor of Shirvan, and soon appointed Heydar Khan Afshar as the ruler of both Shirvan and Darband. In 1743, the Safavid pretender Sam Mirza led a local rebellion, overthrowing Heydar Khan. In 1761, the Zand ruler Karim Khan Zand (r. 1751–1779) approved the request of the inhabitants of Old Shamakhi to overthrow Sardar Khan Qaraqlu and install their own applicant, Hajji Mohammad Ali Khan, as the governor of Shirvan. Hajji Mohammad Ali Khan governed Shirvan until 1763, when Fath-Ali Khan of Quba gained influence there, and appointed his own governors, such as Aghasi Beg and Askar Beg, both members of the same family. Askar Beg, along with supporters from the Khanchoban tribe, returned to Old Shamakhi, and soon became powerful enough to establish control over New Shamakhi. Aghasi Beg and another family member Mohammad Sa'id successfully acquired the title of khan from Karim Khan Zand. The family were in control of Shirvan until 1767, when a combined army from Quba and Shakki captured Old Shamakhi. Fath-Ali Khan of Quba had Mohammad Sa'id imprisoned, while Hosein Khan of Shakki had Aghasi Khan blinded. Shirvan was subsequently divided between Quba and Shakki. Nevertheless, Aghasi Khan later managed to restore his control over Shirvan, in 1774. He was later succeeded by his son Mostafa Khan.
After the massacre in Ganja, Mostafa Khan asked the central government in Tehran for assistance, in order to prevent Tsitsianov's advance. The government responded by sending an army under general Pir-Qoli Khan Qajar. However, when the general had reached the Mughan plain, he found out that Mostafa Khan had entered negotiations with the Russians. Mostafa Khan hoped that the Russians would recognize a Shirvan Khanate "enlarged" to the boundaries of the Shirvanshah's of the Medieval era. Though Mostafa Khan was uncomfortable with Tsitsianov's proposal, the latter threatened that if he wouldn't agree with his terms, he would replace Mostafa with his younger brother (who was reportedly enthusiastic about it). Anyhow, the Russians invaded the khanate, and on 6 January 1806, Mostafa Khan was forced to submit.
"I, Mostafa Khan of Shirvan, in my name and that of my heirs, remove myself forever from the vassalage or honors of Persia (Iran) or any other state. I declare before the entire world that I do not recognize anyone as my liege, except His Imperial Majesty, the Emperor of All the Russias, and His heirs to the throne. I promise to be a loyal slave to that throne. I swear this by the Holy Qur'an."
Mostafa Khan was allowed to administer the khanate and had to give an annual tribute in gold rubles to the Russians. Furthermore, he had to send hostages to Tiflis (Tbilisi), which had recently been annexed and transformed into the "base" of the Russian Caucasus Viceroyalty. Lastly, he also had to provide food and accommodation for the Russian garrisons. After Tsitsianov was killed in Baku in 1806, Mostafa Khan repudiated his allegiance to the Russians, and re-submitted himself to the shah.
Things changed when Aleksey Yermolov took office as the new Russian commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, in 1816. A staunch Russian imperialist, Yermolov was committed to bringing the entire Caucasus under the Russian sway. He wanted to establish the Aras river as the border between Iran and Russia at all costs, and was therefore determined to conquer the last remaining khanates under Iranian rule; the Erivan Khanate and the Nakchivan Khanate.
When Ismail, the khan of Shaki, died in 1819 without any heir, Yermolov annexed the entity. Realizing what was going to happen to himself, Mostafa Khan fled to mainland Iran in 1820 with his son; Yermolov did not waste any time to annex the Shirvan Khanate.
Several years later, in violation of the Gulistan treaty (1813), the Russians invaded Iran's Erivan Khanate. This sparked the final bout of hostilities between the two; the Russo-Iranian War of 1826-1828. Crown prince Abbas Mirza led a full-scale attack in the summer of 1826 order to recover the Iranian territories that had been lost by the Gulistan treaty. The war started off well for the Iranians; they quickly recaptured Ganja, Shirvan and Shaki amongst others, and performed attacks on Tiflis. The government then reinstated Mostafa in Shirvan. However, just a few months later, the tide had completely turned with the Iranian army suffering decisive defeats against the militarily superior Russians. In September 1826, Abbas Mirza was defeated at Ganja by Ivan Paskevich, and thus the army had to retreat over the Aras. Mostafa Khan, accompanied by a small retinue, fled once again to mainland Iran. The Khanate was composed of 17 mahals (districts):
Salyan Mahal
Howz Mahal
Sedenrud Mahal
Khanchoban Mahal
Elat Mahal
Koshun Mahal
Qarasubasar Mahal
Kessan Mahal
Ekeret Mahal
Qobustan Mahal
Lahij Mahal
Rudbar Mahal
Mughan Mahal
Navahin Mahal
Qarabaghlar Mahal
Boluket Mahal
Khazarud Mahal Hajji Mohammad Ali Khan (1761–1763)
Aghasi Khan and Askar Beg (1763–1768)
Aghasi Khan (1774–?)
Mostafa Khan (?–1820)


A chromogenic print, also known as a C-print or C-type print, a silver halide print, or a dye coupler print, is a photographic print made from a color negative, transparency or digital image, and developed using a chromogenic process. They are composed of three layers of gelatin, each containing an emulsion of silver halide, which is used as a light-sensitive material, and a different dye coupler of subtractive color which together, when developed, form a full-color image.<PIC> Developing color by using oxidized developers was first suggested by German chemist Benno Homolka who, in 1907, successfully developed insoluble indigo-blue and red dyes on a latent image by oxidizing indoxyl and thio-indoxyl respectively. He additionally noted these developers could create beautiful photographic effects.
The potential of oxidized developers in a color photographic process however, was first realized by another German chemist, Rudolf Fischer, who, in 1912, filed a patent describing a chromogenic process to develop both positives and negatives using indoxyl, and thio-indoxyl-based color developers as dye couplers in a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion. The following year he filed a patent listing various color developers and dye couplers, which have historically been used in Agfachrome and are still in use today in Fujichrome Velvia and Provia, and Ektachrome. In spite of this, Fischer never created a successful color print due to his inability to prevent the dye couplers from moving between the emulsion layers.
This first solution to this problem, found by Agfa workers Gustav Wilmanns and Wilhelm Schneider, who created a print made of three layers of gelatin containing subtractive color dye couplers made of long hydrocarbon chains, and carboxylic or sulfonic acid. This turned the dye couplers into micelles which can easily be scattered in the gelatin while loosely tethering to it.:698 Agfa patented both the developer for this print and its photographic process, and promptly developed and released in 1936 Agfacolor Neu, the first chromogenic print, which was a color print film that could be developed using a transparency.:698 Agfa developed a chromogenic negative film by 1939, which could be developed directly on a companion paper to the film, although this film was never commercialized.
Kodak too worked to solve the issue of the dye couplers movement, and found a different solution. They used ionic insoluble carbon chains which were shorter than Agfa's for their dye couplers, which were suspended within droplets of water in the gelatin layers of the print. In 1942, Kodak released Kodacolor, the first published chromogenic color print film that could be developed from a negative. It became the cheaper and simpler to develop counterpart to the alternatives at the time, and could be used in the simplest of cameras.
Due to their simple development process and their cheap price, chromogenic printing became wildly popular in amateur photography, and by the 1960s it overtook black and white printing in the amateur photofinishing market.
In 1955, Kodak introduced a chromogenic paper named "Type C", which was the first color negative paper Kodak sold to other labs and individual photographers. Although the paper's name was changed to "Kodak Ektacolor Paper" in 1958, the terminology "Type-C Print" persisted, and has become a popular term for chromogenic prints made from negatives still in use today, with the name "Type-R Print" becoming its reversal film counterpart.
Notwithstanding the success of chromogenic prints in the amateur and professional market, it wasn't considered a medium for fine-art photography up to the 1970s. The pioneers in the use of chromogenic prints and in the use of color photography as a whole in fine-art were photographers such as Ernst Haas, which was profiled by the Museum of Modern Art in its first exhibition of color photography in 1962.:257 Other pioneering fine-art color photographers who printed their photographs on chromogenic prints include William Eggleston:251 and Stephen Shore. Their works, and those of many others, caused chromogenic prints to become the preferred medium for contemporary photography by the 1990s.
Chromogenic prints made from negatives became obsolete with the release of chromogenic digital prints, which have become the most common photographic print today. Chromogenic processes are characterized by a reaction between two chemicals to create the color dyes that make up a print. After exposure, the silver image is developed (or reduced) by a color developer. In its reaction to the print, the color developer is oxidized in the areas of exposed silver, and subsequently reacts with another chemical, the dye coupler, which is present throughout the emulsion. Different dye couplers are used in each of the three layers, so the reaction forms a different colored dye in each layer. Responding to both exposure and development, a blue-light-sensitive layer forms yellow dye, a green-light-sensitive layer forms magenta dye, and a red-light-sensitive layer forms cyan dye. The remaining silver and silver compounds are then bleached out, leaving a color image composed of dyes in three layers. The exposure of a chromogenic print may be accomplished with a traditional photographic enlarger using color filters to adjust the color balance of the print.
The print's name is derived from the chromogenic reaction between the dye coupler and the oxidized color developer. Chromogenic prints, like most color photographic prints, are developed using the RA-4 process. As of 2017, the major lines of professional chromogenic print paper are Kodak Endura and Fujifilm Crystal Archive. Plastic chromogenic "papers" such as Kodak Duratrans and Duraclear are used for producing backlit advertising and art. A reversal film chromogenic print, also known as a Type-R print, is a positive-to-positive photographic print made on reversal-type color photographic paper.
Fujifilm, Kodak, and Agfa have historically manufactured paper and chemicals for the R-3 process, a chromogenic process for making Type-R prints. As of 2008, all of these companies have ceased to produce Type R paper, although Fujifilm still has some stocks remaining.
Another positive-to-positive process is Ilfochrome, which is sometimes also referred to as a Type-R process. Ilfochrome is a dye destruction process, with materials, processing, and results quite different from the R-3 process. A digital chromogenic print, sometimes known as digital Type-C print, Lambda print or LightJet print, is a chromogenic print made from a digital file rather than a negative, and exposed using digital exposure systems such as the Durst Lambda, Océ LightJet and ZBE Chromira. The LightJet and the Lambda both use RGB lasers to expose light-sensitive material to produce a latent image that is then developed using conventional silver-based photographic chemicals. The Chromira uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) instead of lasers. All of the aforementioned printers utilize ICC color profiles to achieve color and density accuracy and also to correct paper sensitivity errors. The same technology can also be used to produce digital silver gelatin bromide black and white prints.


Hans-Werner Janssen (June 1, 1899 – September 19, 1990) was an American conductor of classical music, and composer of classical music and film scores. He was the first New York born conductor to lead the New York Philharmonic. For his film work he was nominated for six Academy Awards.<PIC> Janssen was born in New York City on June 1, 1899.  His father was a New York restaurateur, founder of the Janssen Hof Brau Haus on Broadway. The family lived in Great Neck on King's Point Road next door to musician George M. Cohan. It was Cohan who encouraged young Werner to continue to play piano and explore his passion for music. Cohan describes the interplay of families as he states, "I'll hold to my dying day that Werner became a musician because his dad made him practice the piano all day to keep me awake, just to get even with me for playing all night and keeping him awake." Werner recounts that his first two music students were the daughters of George M. Cohan, whom he taught in their home. As a teenager Werner remembers hearing the first renditions of "Over there" from across the fence between the houses. Cohan reflects on those days writing to Werner's father, "those were golden days when you were singing songs and I was trying to write them down next door—they were in fact the happiest of all any days as I look back on them now."
August, nevertheless, strongly encouraged Werner to enter the family business, opposing the son's desire for a musical career.  Therefore, after Werner completed secondary school (graduating from Phillips Exeter Academy) he had to support his own musical education at Dartmouth College. He did this by being a waiter, performing in cabarets and theaters, and selling his own popular compositions. At the New England Conservatory of Music he studied with the composers George Chadwick and Frederick Converse. He also studied piano with Arthur Friedheim, a pupil of Franz Liszt.
Janssen entered the US military (infantry) in World War I.  After the war he returned to his studies and earned a bachelor's degree in music at Dartmouth College in 1921. He began to compose jazz songs for Tin Pan Alley. He made recordings as a pianist of two of his popular songs in 1920.  He composed for the Ziegfeld Follies of 1925 and 1926 and wrote several songs which became national hits. This helped finance his conducting studies with Felix Weingartner in Basel, Switzerland (1920–21) and with Hermann Scherchen in Strasbourg, France (1921–25). He also received a Juilliard Fellowship and the Rome Prize from the American Academy in Rome for his tone poem for large orchestra in a jazz idiom New Year's Eve in New York. That composition received its premiere from the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Howard Hanson on May 8, 1929. In 1930, it was performed by the Cleveland Orchestra conducted by Nikolai Sokoloff, and was recorded in 1929 by the Victor Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Nathaniel Shilkret. Shilkret and Janssen were later (1945) to exchange roles, with Janssen and his Symphony Orchestra of Los Angeles conducting the Genesis Suite, which was conceived and coauthored by Shilkret.
In 1927, he was hired by  NBC to conduct symphony concerts over the radio but was dismissed early on. He was engaged in 1929 by Samuel Roxy Rothapfel to conduct at his Roxy Theater but was soon fired from that position as well.
Three years of studying in Rome at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia with mentor Ottorino Respighi resulted in several new compositions including the Louisiana Suite and the string quartet American Kaleidoscope performed by the Quartetto di Roma. His work with that group led to an engagement to conduct the Royal Orchestra of Rome. He also took conducting engagements throughout Europe (including Berlin, Budapest, Copenhagen, Riga, Stockholm, and Turin). He conducted an entire concert of the works of Jean Sibelius in Helsinki in February 1934. Sibelius said of this concert: "You may say that tonight Finland has for the first time discovered my music. This achievement of Janssen's is the deed of a hero". After a second concert, he received the Order of the White Rose on March 8, 1936, from the government of Finland for his contribution to Finnish music.
He was appointed associate conductor of the New York Philharmonic for the 1934–35 season, and on November 8, 1934, became the first American-born conductor to lead the orchestra. He was conductor of the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra from 1937 through 1939.
While Janssen filled roles as guest conductor, he was also contracted to write film music.  His first credited film score was for The General Died at Dawn (1936), which was nominated for an Academy Award, the first of six Janssen scored films to be nominated. In 1939, he resigned his position with the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra to work with film producer Walter Wanger. He composed several other film scores including Blockade (1938), Winter Carnival (1939), Eternally Yours (1939), Slightly Honorable (1940), The House Across the Bay (1940), Guest in the House (1944), The Southerner (1945), Captain Kidd (1945), A Night in Casablanca (1946), Ruthless (1948), and Uncle Vanya (1957), starring and co-directed by Franchot Tone. He was also responsible for the score for the 1966 German television production Robin Hood, der edle Ritter (Robin Hood, the Noble Knight). He continued to write non-film compositions too, including the Foster Suite (1937), the String Quartet No. 2 (1938), the Octet for Five (1965), and the Quintet for 10 Instruments (1968).
In 1940, he formed the Janssen Symphony in Los Angeles, which became a rival organization to the Los Angeles Philharmonic and a forum for contemporary music until 1952. Compositions for this were commissioned from American composers. This group performed and recorded film music, musical theater works, and contemporary musical scores. Numerous recordings were made by Janssen and this orchestra for Capitol Records. Janssen formed a partnership with producer David L. Loew to produce the Musicolor series of classic musical shorts, including Toccata and Fugue (1946) and Enchanted Lake (1947), both filmed in Cinecolor.
Janssen was the music director of the Utah Symphony 1946–47, the Oregon Symphony 1947–49, and the San Diego Philharmonic (1952–54).  He also had positions at the NBC Symphony Orchestra ("Symphony of the Air") (1956), Toronto Symphony Orchestra (1956–57), the Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra, the Vienna State Opera Orchestra (1959–61) and the Vienna Volksoper. Recordings with the latter included Karl-Birger Blomdahl's opera, Aniara; and Sergei Prokofiev’s opera War and Peace.  He returned to the U.S. in the early 1970s.
Shilkret, described Arthur Judson as being the leading person for choosing symphony conductors, and he quotes Crawford as quoting Hart: "All agree that from 1915 to 1956, at least, Arthur Judson exercised a power and influence in the symphony and concert affairs of this country without equal then or at any other time." Shilkret says that "Werner Janssen tells, in his unpublished autobiography (referenced as 'Janssen, Werner and D. Bruce Lockerbee, ca 1980, While the Music Lasts, unpublished, 261 double-spaced typed pages'), of unintentionally bypassing Judson and later being forced to pay Judson a commission on all of his (Janssen's) performance fees, without getting a single booking from Judson in return." Janssen was married three times, to:
Elsa Schmidt, an Indianapolis brewery heiress, by whom he had two children, Werner Jr. (1924–2012) and Alice (1923–2011, later Krelle). They divorced in 1937.
Ann Harding, the Hollywood actress, whom he married in 1937. Their marriage ended in divorce in 1963. By this marriage he had a stepdaughter, Jane Harding.
Christina Heintzmann, by whom he had daughter, Jennifer.
He died on September 19, 1990, at Stony Brook, New York). Juilliard Fellowship
Prix de Rome (Rome Prize) for Musical Composition, American Academy in Rome, 1930
Fellow of the American Academy in Rome, 1930
Honorary Doctorate in Music (Mus.D. honoris causa) from Dartmouth College, 1935
Order of the White Rose of Finland, Knight First Class, 1936


Cheryl Heller is an American business strategist and designer. She is the Founding Chair of the first MFA program in Design for Social Innovation at the School of Visual Arts, President of the design lab CommonWise, and winner of the AIGA Medal for her contribution to the field of design. She is a Rockefeller Bellagio Fellow  Heller has been credited as founding the first design department in a major advertising agency and her work focuses on investigating the contributions design have on human health and its impact on society.<PIC> When Heller was younger she attended the School of the Museum of Fine Arts where she studied painting and printmaking. She then decided to go back to school to earn a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts at Ohio Wesleyan University. After earning her bachelor's degree she went on to study at Goddard College, where she received her Masters of Fine Arts in Creative Writing. Heller began her career in advertising in 1972 at Giardini/Russell, in Boston. She co-founded Heller/Breene inside of the WCRS Group. Heller/Breene was a small innovative firm specializing in design, where she was chairperson and creative director until 1989; two months after her departure WCRS Group sold the firm Cipriani.  She left Heller/Breene two work at Wells Rich Greene BDDP; after 3 1/2 years she became the executive vice president and executive creative director at Frankfurt Gips Balkind.  In 2003, she began to partner with entrepreneurs and organizations to further social and environmental projects.
After becoming president of the advertising company she grew the division to US$50m in billings when it took off and became an independent entity. She began to help grow business from small enterprises into multi-billion dollar global market leaders. Heller has worked as a small businesses consultant, working with businesses, as well as writing about design strategies for businesses. She has taught creativity to leaders and organizations around the world, and written about branding.
In 1999, she created the "Ideas that Matter" program for Sappi, that awards grants to designers working on social and environmental projects. Heller is the former Board Chair and current Adviser to PopTech, a Senior Fellow at the Babson Social Innovation Lab  on the Innovation Advisory Board for the Lumina Foundation, and serves as an adviser to DataKind. She is one of the advisors at the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and USAID on an initiative in attempt to integrate Human Centered Design into public health. She has led an initiative to diminish the flow of young people from foster care to homelessness.  Heller served as an adviser to  Paul Polak and the Cooper Hewitt National Design Museum on the exhibit, "Design for the Other 90%." She is a  Matrix Award  winner for excellence in communication and has been profiled through articles in the New York Times, the Boston Globe, BusinessWeek, and many others. Heller was the founding chairperson of the MFA program for Design for Social Innovation in 2011 for the School of Visual Arts. This degree program is recognized as being the first of its kind. It allows students to further develop skills in several fine art skills after they have received their bachelor's degree. It is a three-year program where graduates are working as creative leaders in government, industry, healthcare, technology and global NGOs. It is a two to a student to enter into a three-year program that will provide them with a higher skill level in creative writing, visual arts, photography and much more. This will make the individual more desire in the world field.
Heller began to teach and undergraduate class called “Design for Good”  where she is helping kids develop into leaders. Working in the design industry takes a lot of leadership skills and a lot of hard work. The social design industry is changing dramatically and Heller is encouraging students to further their education and receive credentials. With credentials, it allows students more options and allows them to develop a higher skill level in the field. While in the program Heller teaches her students to become aware of major issues going on in the present day. They will also begin to gain skills in entrepreneurship, leadership, metrics and data visualization, mapping, ethics, service design, and informal economies and cultures. The main idea behind social innovation is to find solutions for society, humanity. Heller has a large clientele. Her clients range from major car companies like Ford Motor Company to magazines and international hotels. She has worked with some clothing companies including the Gap and American Express. She took part in giving donation to small business in order to help them grow and succeed. She encouraged designer to work not only for self interest but for public interest. Lastly, she also worked with sunglass companies and oil companies


Jacob Schum (born January 21, 1989) is a former American football punter. He played college football at Buffalo. Schum was signed by the Cleveland Browns as an undrafted free agent in 2013. He has also been a member of the New York Jets, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Green Bay Packers, and Tampa Bay Vipers. Schum was born to Alan, a Hamburg, New York police officer, and Charlene Schum. Schum played football as a wide receiver and punter at Frontier High School in Hamburg. Failing to attract the attention of any Division I college football programs, Schum committed to play for the Buffalo State Bengals. After one season, Schum attempted to transfer to the University at Buffalo but the Buffalo Bulls football coaches spurned his advances. Schum continued attending Buffalo State but withdrew from the football team, opting instead to focus on training.
Before his junior year, Schum transferred to Buffalo and walked on to the football team where he was only used as a wide receiver on the scout team under Turner Gill. In 2010, under new head coach Jeff Quinn, Schum was granted a tryout at punter and was named the team's starter in each of his final two years of athletic eligibility. He was eventually awarded a scholarship.   After going undrafted in the 2012 NFL Draft, Schum spent a year working odd jobs. He was selling gym memberships for the Buffalo Athletic Club in the spring of 2013 when he got a call from the Cleveland Browns, who had taken an interest in Schum at an NFL regional combine. He signed with the Cleveland Browns on March 28, 2013. On May 13, 2013, he was waived by the Browns. On January 6, 2014, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers signed Schum to a reserve/future contract. He was waived by the Buccaneers on May 21, 2014. Schum was signed by the New York Jets on June 19, 2014 to compete with incumbent Ryan Quigley in training camp. He was released on August 23, 2014. The Buccaneers signed Schum to their practice squad on November 14, 2014, but was waived four days later. The Jets signed Schum to a reserve/future contract on December 30, 2014. He was released on August 18, 2015. On August 26, 2015, the Buccaneers signed Schum to compete with Karl Schmitz and Michael Koenen. By September 1, Schum was the last remaining punter on the Buccaneers roster after roster cuts. Schum made his NFL debut with four punts in a game against the Tennessee Titans in September 2015, nearly four years after his final college game. On August 28, 2016, Schum was waived by the Buccaneers.<PIC> Schum was claimed off waivers by the Green Bay Packers on August 30, 2016. He re-signed with the Packers on March 8, 2017. On June 1, 2017, he was released by the Packers. In October 2019, Schum was put on the 2020 XFL Draft pool and was selected by the Tampa Bay Vipers in the open rounds. He had his contract terminated when the league suspended operations on April 10, 2020.


The Nord 2200 was a French carrier-based, jet-engined interceptor developed in the late 1940s. It was intended to compete for an Aéronavale (French Naval Aviation) contract, but was not selected for production after a 1950 accident badly damaged the sole prototype. It was repaired and resumed flight testing the following year, which including evaluating rocket-assisted take offs. After the aircraft made its last flight in 1954, it was used as a gunnery target. Much of the airframe was recovered in the 1980s, but its current disposition is uncertain.<PIC> After the end of World War II, Aéronavale had only two small aircraft carriers: Dixmude, which was loaned by the Americans, and Arromanches, which had been leased from the British, but planned to lay down its own larger PA-28 design in 1947. All of its aircraft were piston-engined and had been rendered obsolete by the advent of jet-propelled aircraft during the war. The French lacked an indigenous turbojet design and licensed the British Rolls-Royce Nene to facilitate their development of jet-propelled aircraft. Aéronavale issued a requirement for a jet-powered interceptor on 29 March 1946 and then issued a request for proposals on 8 June. The aircraft had to exceed a speed of 900 km/h (559 mph) at all altitudes, have a climb rate in excess of 25 m/s (82 ft/s) at sea level, and an armament of three 30-millimeter (1.2 in) autocannon with the possibility of carrying bombs or unguided air-to-ground rockets. The SNCAC NC 1080 and Arsenal VG 90 were the other competitors for the contract for 90 aircraft.
The single-seat Nord Aviation 2200 had a low-mounted two-spar wing that was swept back at an angle of 24°. Its fuselage was built in three sections and the fuel tanks were housed in the center section with a total capacity of 2,160 liters (475 imp gal; 571 U.S. gal). It was fitted with tricycle landing gear and provision was made for an arrestor hook. Dive brakes were fitted on the lower surfaces of the non-folding wings and it was equipped with an all-moving horizontal stabilizer. Air for the license-built 22.2-kilonewton (5,000 lbf) Nene 102 engine was provided by an oval intake in the nose. The entire aft fuselage could be removed to allow access to the engine. The cockpit was armored and the pilot was provided with an ejection seat.
The prototype was unarmed, but Nord intended production aircraft to be armed with the required three 30 mm autocannon, albeit with 150 rounds per gun rather than the full 200 even though the location for the guns had not yet been decided. Nord also investigated changing the armament to four 20 mm (0.8 in) autocannon. The aircraft was also supposed to be able to carry bombs up to 500 kg (1,100 lb) in size as well as rocket pods under the wings and a 950-litre (210 imp gal; 250 US gal) drop tank underneath the fuselage. Design work on the 2200 began in early 1946 and the company submitted its proposal on 16 October. A contract for one prototype followed on 27 December. It was completed behind schedule and did not begin taxiing trials until 10 November 1949. Its maiden flight followed on 16 December and flight testing was generally satisfactory. The aircraft was flown to Brétigny-sur-Orge Air Base on 3 April 1950 to begin its official trials at the Air Force's Centre d'essais en vol (Flight-testing Center). The test pilots evaluated the Nord 2200 as having very good flying and handling qualities, although it was underpowered and was only able to reach 815 km/h (506 mph) and Mach 0.83. Its dive brakes proved to be completely ineffective and it did have some bad stall characteristics at certain weights.
The prototype was displayed at the Paris Air Show on 11 June and caught on fire during take off on the 24th after the cap for one of the fuel tanks had been left off and kerosene spilled into the air intake. The pilot was able to abort the take off and the aircraft was repaired so it could continue flight testing. Nord took advantage of the opportunity to move the dive brakes to the rear fuselage, install servo controls, enlarge the vertical stabilizer and add a "lip" above the air intake to house a small radar. The work took almost a year and effectively ensured that the 2200 did not win the competition; a license-built version of the British de Havilland Sea Venom was ultimately selected to satisfy Aéronavale's requirement. The company received a contract during this time to evaluate replacing the Nene engine with a 28 kN (6,300 lbf) Rolls-Royce RB.44 Tay engine, but this remained a study only.
The prototype did not fly again until 24 May 1951 and was flown intensively until 11 July when it was put into storage for most of the rest of the year. Intermittent flights resumed in December and the aircraft made its 100th flight on 25 February 1953. In June it began to be used to test rocket-assisted take offs using two rockets installed underneath the fuselage. The following month it demonstrated them at the Paris Air Show, but it only made occasional flights afterwards. The aircraft flew for the last time on 16 June 1954 and became a gunnery target at Bourges after its engine and most of its equipment was removed. The surviving portions of the airframe were recovered in the 1980s and stored at the Musée aéronautique de Vannes - Monterblanc. That museum closed in 2014 and its collection was supposed to be distributed to other French museums, but no information about the current disposition of the prototype is available. Data from X-Planes of Europe II: Military Prototype Aircraft from the Golden Age 1945–1974
General characteristics
Crew: 1
Length: 13 m (42 ft 8 in)
Wingspan: 12 m (39 ft 4 in)
Wing area: 31.6 m² (340 sq ft)
Gross weight: 6,960 kg (15,344 lb)
Fuel capacity: 2,160 liters (475 imp gal; 571 U.S. gal)
Powerplant: 1 × Rolls-Royce Nene 102 centrifugal-flow turbojet engine, 22.2 kN (5,000 lbf) thrust
Performance
Maximum speed: 815 km/h (506 mph, 440 kn) (achieved)
Maximum speed: Mach 0.83
Rate of climb: 15.00 m/s (2,953 ft/min)
Armament
Guns: 3 × 30 mm (1.2 in) autocannon with 150 rounds per gun


Benny Alexander Cameron Howell (born 5 October 1988) is an English first-class cricketer. Howell is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Bordeaux, France, and was educated at The Oratory School in Oxfordshire. After spending several seasons in the Hampshire Second XI, Howell made his first team debut for Hampshire against Leicestershire in a List A match in the Clydesdale Bank 40 in August 2010. His second List A match came in the return fixture held at Grace Road, Leicester. Hampshire won the 2010 Friends Provident t20, though Howell played no part in the competition. This would normally have qualified Hampshire and runners-up Somerset a place in the 2010 Champions League Twenty20. However, the tournament clashed with the end of the English domestic season, making Hampshire unable to take part. Instead, Hampshire were granted a place alongside Somerset in the 2011 Caribbean Twenty20. It was in this tournament that Howell made his Twenty20 debut in during Hampshire's group match against Canada. He played all of Hampshire's fixtures in the tournament, including the final against Trinidad and Tobago, which Hampshire lost.
The 2011 English domestic season saw Howell become a regular feature in Hampshire ccc limited-overs squads, mostly in List A cricket, though he also appeared in just under half of Hampshire's group matches in the 2011 Friends Provident t20. He got off to a quiet start in Hampshire's first match of the 2011 Clydesdale Bank 40 against Surrey, but in their following fixture in the competition he struck his maiden half century, scoring 66 runs. Two games later, he scored his maiden century against Surrey at The Oval, making a quickfire 122 from 113 balls. Howell ended the one day season as Hampshire's top run scorer Immediately following this match he made his first-class debut against Lancashire in the County Championship at the Rose Bowl. Howell continued his good form from the previous limited overs fixture by scoring 71 in Hampshire County Cricket Club second-innings, after being forced to follow-on from their first-innings, in which Howell was dismissed for a three-ball duck by Kyle Hogg. This was his only first-class appearance that season. Hampshire's season was one characterised by struggle, following his good run of form, Howell's season levelled out. He made just one further half century in the Clydesdale Bank 40, against Northamptonshire, while his handful of Twenty20 appearances bought him limited success.
Following the 2011 season, Howell announced in November that he was looking for opportunities away from Hampshire, expressing an interest in finding a county where he was assured of regular appearances in four-day cricket. During the English winter he played cricket in Melbourne, Australia, close to where his parents live, for Essendon Cricket Club in the Victorian Premier League. He chose to leave Hampshire in January 2012.<PIC> At the start of the 2012 season he joined Gloucestershire, and was called up to make his debut in a first-class match against Kent in the County Championship after making a double hundred for the 2's 2 days prior to his call up. He has made a strong start in Gloucestershire's CB40 campaign with scores of 72(51) against The Netherlands and 45*(48) against Middlesex and 89(93) against Northants.
In July 2012, he signed a two-year contract with Gloucestershire for his impressive performances during the trial period at the club.
Howell signed a 2-year extension to his contract on 15 October 2013 having played in all Gloucestershire's County Championship matches and the majority of their limited over games.
Howell has continued to be one of the main players and Gloucestershire with his pivotal role as the club's main allrounder.  Howell got married in early July 2015 and has been is sublime form for Gloucestershire since tying the knot. He was the first player ever for Gloucestershire to have a double wicket maiden in a t20 match. He managed this feat against his former club Hampshire County Cricket Club in which he also scored the winning runs and was man of the match. Hampshire have tried to re sign Howell but at the end of July he extended his contract with Gloucestershire for another 2 years.
Howell also made his maiden first-class hundred against Leicestershire at Cheltenham after tying the knot.
On 6 September 2015 Howell helped his side Beat Yorkshire Vikings in the semi-final of the Royal London One Day Cup with a strong bowling performance. (3-37) . Gloucestershire won the Royal One Day Cup Final beating a strong surrey side by 7 runs. This was one of the closest finals in the competition's history
In 2016 Benny Howell was the leading wicket taker in the Natwest T20 Blast. He was rewarded by signing a new 3-year contract with Gloucestershire . His consistent performances in T20 has attracted the eyes of some big T20 competitions. In October 2018, he was named in the squad for the Rangpur Riders team, following the draft for the 2018–19 Bangladesh Premier League.
In 2019 he signed a three-year contract extension with Gloucestershire.
Such is his skill that he claims to have 50 different varieties of slower balls. He has developed them through watching baseball pitchers and practises them in his back garden with his dog.
Howell has spoken of his experience of ADHD and how medication has helped him to live with the condition, He said that at school “I was always known as the ‘weird kid’....I was constantly in trouble. Exploring where I shouldn't explore, making noise in class, running down the corridor....” He says that sport was an escape. During the 2019 Bangladesh Premier League Howell impressed with his miserly bowling displays, with his subtle varieties very much suited to the slower Bangladeshi wickets. In his 8 matches he picked up 6 wickets at an impressive economy rate of 5.64. His contributions were not limited to the ball with a vital 53* off 28 (featuring 5 sixes) showing his prowess with the bat. This was made no less significant by the fact that the opposition bowling attack featured three greats of the format in Thisara Perera, Wahab Riaz and Shahid Afridi. So good were his performances that AB de Villiers encouraged him to join the IPL auction in 2020. However, he went unsold. He was selected again for the Bangladesh Premier League, this time by the Chattogram Challengers in the 2022 season.
Howell was selected for Birmingham Phoenix for the inaugural season of The Hundred, where he impressed as his side made the final. Taking eleven wickets at an average of 18.54, he was named in a number of Teams of the Tournament. He was retained by the Phoenix for the 2022 season.
In February 2022, he was bought by the Punjab Kings in the auction for the 2022 Indian Premier League tournament. In the same month, he joined Pakistani Super League side Peshawar Zalmi for the PSL Playoffs.


William Walker Scranton (April 4, 1844 – December 3, 1916) was an American businessman based in Scranton, Pennsylvania. He became president and manager of the Lackawanna Iron and Coal Company after his father's death in 1872. The company had been founded by his father's cousin George W. Scranton. Among his innovations, Scranton adopted the Bessemer process for his operations in 1876, greatly increasing production of steel ties with a new mill. Scranton founded the Scranton Steel Company, in 1891 consolidated as Lackawanna Iron and Steel Company. The steel company became the second largest in the nation. He later also managed the Scranton Gas and Water Company, developing a secure water supply outside the city by creating Lake Scranton.
William W. Scranton managed the Lackawanna works during and after the Scranton General Strike of 1877.
In 1902 Lackawanna Steel Company moved to a location south of Buffalo, New York on Lake Erie for access to new production of iron ore being shipped from Minnesota. The city of Lackawanna, New York was named after the company. Scranton stayed in his home city, working to develop companies and infrastructure.<PIC> William Walker Scranton was born in 1844 in Augusta, Georgia, the oldest of six children of Joseph Hand Scranton of Connecticut and his second wife Cornelia Walker (February 22, 1823-February 22, 1895), "ten years his junior, and the youngest daughter and child of the late Judge William P. Walker of Lenox, Massachusetts." Joseph Scranton started in business in Augusta, moving his family in 1847 to Scranton, Pennsylvania. He had invested the year before in an ironworks started by two of his cousins, brothers George and Selden T. Scranton. J.H. Scranton's investment in their firm in 1846 saved the firm from bankruptcy. He later became president of Lackawanna Iron & Coal, serving until his death in 1872.
William was the oldest of six children, with two brothers and three sisters, all of whom were born after the family's move to Pennsylvania. They also had an older half-brother Joseph A. Scranton. He attended  Scranton High, moving to Phillips Andover to complete preparation for college. William Scranton graduated from Yale in 1865. There he rowed crew as one of his sports. He married Katherine Maria Smith on October 15, 1874 in St. Albans, Vermont. She was the daughter of Worthington Curtis Smith and Katherine (Walworth) Smith. They had one son, Worthington Scranton, who was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania on August 29, 1876. Scranton's father Joseph became president of Lackawanna Iron & Coal after George's death in 1861. Selden Scranton had already returned in 1858 to Oxford Furnace in New Jersey. William Scranton started working in the family business after his return from Yale, and took over its management after his father's death in 1872. He had to struggle with economic disruptions after the Panic of 1873, which had effects for years and caused a downturn.
In 1874 Scranton traveled to Europe to study the new Bessemer process for making steel ties, which was being used by England, France and Germany; it had been developed in England by Henry Bessemer. From 1866 to 1877, eleven Bessemer mills were licensed in the United States. In 1876 Scranton built a new mill at the Lackawanna works for the Bessemer method. As a result, it "doubled capacity and quadrupled its output." The company became one of the top producers of steel in the United States.
Scranton was leading the company during the economic downturn in the 1870s, and through the disturbances of the Scranton General Strike of 1877. Workers from the railroad, mines and other industries walked out in protest of wage cuts, and associated with the Great Railroad Strike of that year, as labor unrest spread across the nation.
In a dispute over control of the family company, Scranton in 1880 quit Lackawanna Iron and Coal Co., which had become the nation’s second-largest producer of iron. "He formed the Scranton Steel Co. and within a decade, Scranton Steel was so successful that it forced a merger with Lackawanna Iron and Coal. It became Lackawanna Iron and Steel and retired its founding $1.2 million debt within a year."
Beginning in 1891, Scranton worked to develop Scranton Gas & Water, founded by his father in 1858. Although it had in the early decades taken water from the Lackawanna River, industrial pollution spoiled that source. To secure a supply of quality water outside the city, Scranton dammed Stafford Meadow Brook, creating what was commonly known as Lake Scranton. He had a road built around it and a building for overlook and recreation by the public. The reservoir held 2.5 billion gallons.
Scranton supported the Scranton Surface Protection Association, founded in 1913 to combat collapse of city streets and neighborhoods caused by underground mining, and force mining companies to compensate for losses. He contributed $10,000 to its efforts. Scranton is interred in the family chapel at Dunmore Cemetery in Dunmore, Pennsylvania, where his father was also interred. His wake was attended by thousands, and his funeral by hundreds, including numerous employees from his businesses, friends and family, and dignitaries; among the latter was former Governor Edward Curtis Smith of Vermont and his wife, who were also close friends.
In 1928 his son Worthington Scranton sold the family business and became a substantial philanthropist to the city and state. William's grandson, William Warren Scranton, became a congressman from Pennsylvania and then was elected as governor of the state, serving from 1963 to 1967. He was appointed as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, serving from 1976 to 1977. His grandson, William Worthington Scranton III served as the 26th lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania from 1979 to 1987.


Frank Leymann (25 September 1957 in Bochum) is a German computer scientist and mathematician. He is professor of computer science at the University of Stuttgart, Germany, and director and founder of the Institute of Architecture of Application Systems (IAAS).<PIC> Leymann studied Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy, and received a Master of Science degree in Mathematics (i.e. Dipl.-Math.) in 1982 from University of Bochum, Germany. He worked as research staff member in the Faculty of Mathematics at University of Bochum, where he obtained his PhD in Mathematics (i.e. Dr. rer. nat.) in 1984. In his PhD thesis he studied foliations on spaces with singularities. After his PhD he went to IBM Research and Development contributing to software products like DB2, Websphere, or MQSeries. Leymann was main co-inventor and chief software architect of IBM's business process management and workflow products, and was appointed IBM Distinguished Engineer for this work. In 2004, he was appointed full professor of computer science at University of Stuttgart where he founded the Institute of Architecture of Application Systems. He holds many granted patents in the area of software. Frank Leymann's main contributions are from the domains of workflow systems, service-oriented architecture, and cloud computing. He is also active in the area of quantum computing. His initial focus was on database technology:
In order to simplify queries on relational databases with many tables, Leymann co-developed a universal relation system
on top of existing relational database systems. Contributions to architectural aspects of stored procedures and user defined functions followed. The latter resulted in investigating the use of object databases, especially ObjectStore, as the underpinning of other middleware. At this time, developers were quite unfamiliar with object databases, thus, Leymann helped to create tooling to ensure proper performance of corresponding applications. Workflow systems support companies in modeling, optimizing, and executing their business processes in computing environments. Several languages have been proposed for modeling business processes, out which two languages are widely supported in industry: one of which is the OASIS (organization) standard Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) that Leymann co-invented and which in turn is based on Web Services Flow Language (WSFL), a language that Leymann authored for IBM; the other language is Business Process Model and Notation 2.0 (BPMN), which Leymann co-author too. Such modeling languages support "programming in the large " and allow splitting high-level logic of control- and data flow within an overall application from low-level logic implementing elementary business functions; this way, workflow-based applications can be created, that allow changing business processes without having to change the programs implementing individual steps of the process.
Often, collections of such steps represent long running transactions, i.e. performed steps must succeed or - in case of an error - must be collectively undone; to support this behavior in business processes Leymann introduced compensating transactions in workflow systems
Based on his contributions to IBM's workflow products, Leymann co-authored the seminal book "Production Workflow " that explains how to build scalable and reliable workflow systems. The architecture and implementation of workflow systems anticipated many aspects of service-oriented programming like the use of service interfaces, service invoker, or service listener. Consequently, from 2000 on, Leymann helped to define several of the original web service standards like WS-Addressing, WS-Business Activity, BPEL4People, or the Web Services Resource Framework. Especially, aggregation of web services has been addressed by BPEL and WSFL. How the plethora of web service standards fit into an architecture for an enterprise service bus was described in a book on the web service platform co-authored by Leymann. The work on the web services resource framework had already shown that elements of a computing infrastructure like hardware, operating systems etc. can be perceived as services too - just like software functionality. Consequently, complete applications can be outsource to the cloud, which requires standards and technology to provision and manage applications in such environments: Frank Leymann was initial co-author of OASIS TOSCA that allows to specify the structure of applications, their artifacts, and dependencies, as well as the associated operational semantics to automatically provision such applications. Leymann's group at University of Stuttgart built an open source implementation of this standard called OpenTOSCA. Guidelines for building applications that fit properly into the cloud have been derived jointly with industry partners and was published as a vendor-neutral language of cloud computing patterns. Leymann and his group investigated the use of pattern languages not only in the area of cloud computing but in several other domains like the internet of things, green business processes, or quantum computing. The use of pattern languages to (semi-)automatically rewrite the architecture of software has been suggested. Patterns are abstractions of concrete working solutions, but in course of the abstraction process the knowledge about these workings solutions is lost - with the consequence that working solutions are created over and over again when a pattern is applied. To avoid this ineffectiveness, the reuse of concrete solutions has been investigated and worked out. In order to show that newly developed concepts are applicable outside of computer science they are applied to the humanities, especially to the domain of films and musicology. Quantum computing has the potential to solve problems that are intractable today. But programming quantum computers is very different from programming classical computers. In order to support practitioners building solutions based on quantum computers, Leymann and his group proposed a platform for sharing knowledge about building corresponding applications. Within the project PlanQK (which Leymann leads as scientific director) this platform is built. Other work focuses on development tools supporting the creation of applications on noisy quantum computers. Appointment, Kurt Gödel Visiting Professor for Quantum Computing, TU Wien (2020)
Appointment, Member of the Expert Council for Quantum Computing of the German Government (2020)
Fellow, Center of Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) (2019)
Elected Member, Academia Europaea (2016)
Honorary Doctorate, University of Crete (2015)
Appointment to IBM Distinguished Engineer (2000)
Honorary Professor, University of Stuttgart (1999)
Elected Member, IBM Academy of Technology (1996)


Jean-Michel Diot (born May 2, 1959, in Cusset, France) is a French chef and restaurateur at Tapenade Restaurant.
Chef Diot has received high recognition such as Best Chef in America and America's Finest Restaurant while holding his first French bistro creation in America, Park Bistro, and has received recognition as the Exemplary Achievement in the Culinary Art by Gault Millau.
While he was raised in France surrounded by culinary masters, Jean Michel began his official career in Vienne (France) in 1975 moving to New York City in 1987. He has owned and operated several restaurants located in New York ranging from New York Times 3-star rated "Park Bistro" to a tribute to Paris with highly acclaimed New York Times 2 star "Les Halles" as per House and Garden, Diot became New York's "Baron of Bistros".  Once in San Diego, he continued his career and opened Tapenade Restaurant in 1998. Tapenade Restaurant has received multiple awards such as best French Restaurant in San Diego in various publications such San Diego Magazine, San Diego Home & Garden, La Jolla Light, and one of the highest recognitions in San Diego by the Zagat Survey.<PIC> In 1978, Jean-Michel Diot began a two-year apprenticeship in Lyon at the Restaurant Magnard while still in school. He received his diploma in classical cooking.  Jean-Michel continued his culinary career through travelling across France and adopted different regional cooking styles. For over a year, he worked at La Pyramide, a 3-star Michelin restaurant led by Fernand Point. While at La Pyramide, Diot served as the Commis de Cuisine. He continued his tour to "Jacqueline Fenix Restaurant" in Neuilly, followed by a year at Les Prés d'Eugenie, where under Chef Michel Guérard, known as "the father of Nouvelle Cuisine,"  he experienced the complexity of Guérard's cooking philosophy.
In 1983, Jean-Michel Diot took a Sous-Chef position at Jacques Chibois's "Le Royal Gray" in Cannes, a 2-star rated Michelin restaurant where he stayed four years and became Chef. He also took the position of Executive Chef at Le Chateau d'Esclimont near Paris, the Larochefoucault residence, a 16th-century jewel, 2 toques Gault Millau. In 1987, he opened Maxim's de Paris, as a part of the Peninsula Hotel in New York. While at Maxim's de Paris, Diot served as the Executive Chef. As Executive Chef, Diot took charge of the hotel, two restaurants, and a banquet facility.
In January 1989, Jean-Michel Diot opened his first owned restaurant, Park Bistro that won 3-stars from the New York Times. The same year, he opened Park Avenue Catering, a bakery and pastry shop. In 1990, he opened Brasserie Les Halles, a French butcher shop and restaurant that won 2-stars from the New York Times In 1992, he opened Brasserie des Theatres with Max Bernard and Philippe Lajaunie that won two stars in the New York Times.
While operating these restaurants, Diot also served as a chef for prestigious dinners such as the Sister Town Cannes-Beverly Hills, the Cancer Foundation dinner organized by the Martell Foundation, and served as the official and exclusive caterer for the Museum of Television in New York. Diot also catered dinners in honor of Henry Kissinger, and for Pierre Franey's 70th birthday. He also participated in the Master Food and Wine Week in Carmel, as well as "Share Strength" since 1990. In 1998, Diot opened Tapenade Restaurant. The restaurant, located in La Jolla California, was recognized as one of the finest French restaurants in San Diego. Tapenade has received the honors of Best French in San Diego by: San Diego Magazine, Zagat Survey, La Jolla Light, San Diego Home & Garden, La Jolla Village News, and more. Tapenade closed in May 2015.
In October 2015, Diot opened the successor to Tapenade Restaurant, called "Bistro du Marché." Bistro du Marché, named after La Jolla's popular open air market, Bistro du Marché is also based on the culinary concept of "bistronomie", which emerged in Paris, and has been adopted by the United States. Bistronomie, a play on words on the concepts of "bistro" and "gastronomie", is a form of French cuisine that emphasizes the fusion of haute gastronomic expertise, seasonality, and the traditional "cuisine de terroir" found in bistros across France. The youthfulness of the bistronomie movement has succeeded in reinvigorating French cuisine, and Bistro du Marché, which is now part of the wave called "gastro-bistro," which raises the bar of a traditional French bistro's.
Bistro du Marché is located in the heart of La Jolla, near La Jolla Elementary school, where the Open Aire Farmers Market is held every Sunday. Bistro du Marché allows chef Diot to work closely with farmers to incorporate the finest local flavors for the restaurant. Shortly after opening Park Bistro and Park Avenue Catering, Jean Michel was awarded the Grand Master Chef of America and America's Outstanding Chef. A year afterwards, Jean-Michel's Park Bistro received a 3-star review from the New York Times. Two years after opening Park Bistro and Park Avenue Catering, Diot was given the Great Chefs of New York award as well as the Gault Millau Best of New York.
In 1992, he was Nominated Best Chef in America by the James Beard Foundation. Diot was the winner of three first prizes at the American Cheese Contest in Wisconsin.
Tapenade Restaurant in San Diego became an instant hit. Currently, Tapenade is recognized as one of the finest French restaurants in San Diego. Tapenade has received countless "Best French Restaurant" and "Best of the Best" awards in San Diego from La Jolla Village News, San Diego Home and Garden, La Jolla Light, and San Diego Magazine. Tapenade has received the Finest in America from Zagat Survey. The Award of Excellence from Wine Spectators has also been received for eight years. In 2013, Zagat Survey awarded a food rating of 28. Diot has taught cooking classes at Macy's and Bloomingdales, and participated in the cookbook, French Cooking for the Home, by Arlene Feltman-Sailhac.
Diot has appeared on television shows on the National Food Channel Network. In these shows, Diot has worked closely with chefs including Pierre Franey and Robin Leach.
For the last two years, Chef Diot has teamed up with La Jolla's Harvard Cookin' Girl School to raise awareness of the Food 4 Kids Backpack Program through the San Diego Food Bank.


Suat Kınıklıoğlu (born 1 May 1965) is a Turkish politician, writer and analyst. Kınıklıoğlu began his political career in 1995-1996 with the Democratic Left Party (DSP) in Ankara. Following a break in politics Kınıklıoğlu was elected as Member of Parliament representing Çankırı in the general election of 22 July 2007 on a Justice and Development Party (AK Party) ticket. Kınıklıoğlu was member of the executive board of the AK Party (2009-2012), deputy chairman of external affairs (2007-2011), spokesman of the foreign affairs committee in the Turkish Parliament (2007-2011), chairman of the Turkey-USA Interparliamentary Friendship Group. Since June 2011 Kınıklıoğlu has been executive director of the Center for Strategic Communication, an Ankara-based foreign policy think tank.<PIC> Kınıklıoğlu was born in Duisburg, Germany.  He graduated from the Turkish Air Force Academy (Electronics) in 1986 and from Carleton University’s Political Science Department with High Honours in 1994. Kınıklıoğlu received his Master in International Relations degree in 1999 at Bilkent University, Ankara. Kınıklıoğlu specializes in Turkish domestic and foreign policy, Turkish-Russian relations and Turkey’s strategic identity.
Kınıklıoğlu has worked as communications squadron commander in the Turkish Air Force, columnist in Turkish Daily News, editor-in-chief of the foreign policy journal Insight Turkey, executive director of the  German Marshall Fund of the US Ankara office and as columnist at Radikal Daily.
In 2006 Kınıklıoğlu received the Sakip Sabanci International Research Award. In 2013 he was invited to become a member of the European Council on Foreign Relations. Kınıklıoğlu is a regular contributor to the international media including the Financial Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, International Herald Tribune and the Guardian. He comments frequently to the Turkish and international media on Turkish domestic and foreign policy issues. Kınıklıoğlu began his political career as a party functionary of the Democratic Left Party (DSP) in Ankara. Upon being invited by Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit to the DSP he contributed to the DSP’s work from 1995 to 1996. Following a shuffle in the local party branches he decided to give politics a break. In 2007, he wrote a piece to the International Herald Tribune titled “Getting Turkey Right” and caught the attention of then-foreign minister now President Abdullah Gül. He was elected Member of Parliament in the 22 July 2007 general election representing Çankırı.  From 2007 to 2012 he was spokesman of the Turkish Parliament's Foreign Affairs Committee, chairman of the Turkey - US Interparliamentary Friendship Group, chairman of the Turkey - UK Interparliamentary Friendship Group (2007-2010),  member of the AK Party Executive Board and Deputy Chairman of AK Party External Affairs.
In 2014 Kınıklıoğlu managed the Ankara mayoral election campaign of Mansur Yavaş who ran on a Republican People's Party (CHP) ticket. The election caught the attention of the country and is claimed to have been won by Mansur Yavaş. Yet, his controversial opponent Melih Gokcek was announced as winner. Since 2012 Kiniklioglu is independent and has no affiliation with any of Turkey's political parties. "Turkey's Self-Inflicted Disaster". New York Times. 19 October 2015.
"Turkey's Hapless Opposition". Foreign Policy. 4 December 2015.
"Turkey's Neighbourhood Policy: Reintegration into Multiple Regions". What Does Turkey Think?. 2011.
Kiniklioglu, Suat (2011). "Turkey's Neighbourhood Policy: Reintegration into Multiple Regions".  In Dimitar Bechev (ed.). What Does Turkey Think. London: European Council on Foreign Relations. pp. 63–68.
"Democrats, liberals and the AK Party". Today’s Zaman. 6 June 2013.
"A Little Respect, Please". International Herald Tribune. 22 January 2010.
"Getting Turkey right". The New York Times. 2 May 2007.
"There are limits to patience and optimism". Financial Times. 16 December 2004.


Green Left, previously known as Green Left Weekly, is an Australian socialist newspaper, written by progressive activists to "present the views excluded by the big business media".  The newspaper was founded in 1990. Green Left is the de facto newspaper of the Socialist Alliance.<PIC> The newspaper is a notionally independent Australian source of local, national and international news, and provides left-wing analysis and debate.  In an editorial in the first issue, Green Left Weekly stated:
This is a paper by and for the green and progressive movement. We would like it to reflect the movement in action and in discussion. We want to reflect the controversies and the concerns as well as the achievements and celebrations.
Although the newspaper was initiated by the Democratic Socialist Perspective, the newspaper has been supported by a variety of groups throughout its history.  In the early 1990s, Australian Democrats senators Sid Spindler and Janet Powell supported and sponsored the newspaper.
Subjects of particular importance to Green Left Weekly include workers rights, refugees, women's rights, global warming, environmental destruction, Australian Aboriginal land rights, and foreign policy, especially Australia's military intervention in the Asia-Pacific region, the US led invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq and other forms of US political intervention overseas.
In 2011, Victorian Consumer Affairs Minister Michael O'Brien asked the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC) to investigate whether a number of groups, including Green Left Weekly, had breached secondary boycott laws by supporting the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement pickets at the premises of the Max Brenner chain of chocolate shops. The ACCC determined that the protests were not a secondary boycott.
The newspaper strongly supports  the socialist policy of Bolivia and Ecuador and the Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela led by Hugo Chávez, and in the past opened a bureau in Caracas to improve its coverage of events there.  At the time, it claimed to be the only Australian newspaper with a bureau in Latin America.
It is also the only Australian newspaper to regularly print articles by left-wing journalist John Pilger.  Pilger has said of Green Left Weekly: "There are few other newspapers — radical or any other kind — that draw together news and analysis that is as well informed, credible, and non-sectarian as Green Left Weekly.  Its work has influenced mine and has been a beacon to those who believe the press ought to be an agent of the people."
Since 2008, Green Left Weekly has published a monthly Arabic language supplement, The Flame, edited by Socialist Alliance members of the growing Sudanese Australian community. In 2009, Green Left Weekly launched a new Spanish language supplement, Foro Social Latinamericano, edited by the Latin America Social Forum in Sydney, a collaboration between left-wing members and groups in the Latin American community in Australia.
Green Left Weekly is routinely criticised by News Corp Australia publications in editorials and opinion pieces. The Australian accused Green Left Weekly of supporting terrorism for its criticism of Israel. In June 2005 Green Left weekly won an award from web-surveying company Hitwise.  Hitwise ranked the website as the most popular Australian-based political site.  Green Left Weekly received a similar award in 2006, and in the period between June and December 2009, Green Left weekly once again ranked in the top ten, achieving 7th position.


George Edgar "Ed" Meads, Jr. (born c. 1935) is a former American and Canadian football player, military field surgeon, and professor of surgery.  He played college football for the University of Michigan from 1953 to 1955 and was selected as the captain of the 1955 Michigan Wolverines football team. He also played college football at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) in 1957 while attending medical school.  He was selected to 1957 All-Canada team and led UWO to the 1957 Canadian national football championship.
Meads later served as a surgeon at two field hospitals during the Vietnam War and received a Bronze Star Medal in 1969 for his contributions there. He later served as a professor of surgery for 34 years at UWO. Meads was raised in Oxford, Michigan.  His father, Dr. George Edgar Meads, Sr., was a dentist and an alumnus of the University of Michigan.  Meads was a star athlete at Oxford High School, receiving a total of 12 varsity letters in football, basketball, baseball, and track. He earned all-state honors in the half-mile. Meads received a University of Michigan Regent's Scholarship, an academic award, to attend the University of Michigan.  He enrolled in 1952 and played for the school's all-freshman football team.  As a sophomore, he was a backup for the 1953 team.
As a junior, Meads started all nine games at right guard for the 1954 Michigan Wolverines football team.  That team compiled a 6-3 record and was ranked No. 15 in the final AP and UPI polls.  On October 16, 1954, made the key play in Michigan's 7-0 victory over Northwestern.  After a Northwestern fumble, Meads recovered the ball at the Northwestern 24-yard line.  Meads' recover set up the only touchdown of the game.
As a senior, Meads was chosen as the captain of the 1955 Michigan Wolverines football team.  He later recalled, "And when I became a captain as a senior, it surpassed my wildest expectations and dreams."  Meads started all nine games at right guard, and the team finished the season with a 7-2 record and ranked No. 12 and No. 11 in the final AP and UPI polls.  Meads was selected to play in the Senior Bowl in Mobile, Alabama on January 7, 1956.
While attending Michigan, Meads was also a member of the Sphnix and Michigamua honor societies.  He graduate from Michigan in 1956.<PIC> After graduating from Michigan, Meads enrolled in medical school at the University of Western Ontario (UWO).  He played football at the center position for the UWO football team in 1957.  At the conclusion of the season, Meads was selected by the Canadian Press, coaches, and sports writers as a first-team player on the Senior Intercollegiate Football Union 1957 all-star team.  He also helped lead the Western Ontario Mustangs to the 1957 Canadian national football championship and was named the 1957 most valuable player.
Meads played for UWO again in 1958, but suffered a concussion.  UWO's head coach John Metras refused to let Meads remain on the team out of concern that Meads could suffer a further injury.  Meads later spoke about Metras: "He was a very caring and sensitive coach whose exterior belied the interior feeling and warmth he had for his players." Meads became a doctor in the 1960s.  In the late 1960s, he joined the United States Army Medical Corps.  Serving with the rank of Major, he was chief of surgery at field hospitals during the Vietnam War.  He received a Bronze Star Medal in 1969.  After his discharge from the U.S. military, Meads settled in London, Ontario.  He was the chief of surgery at St. Joseph Hospital from 1980 to 1990.  He was also a professor of surgery at UWO for 34 years.
In 2010, Meads became one of the inaugural inductees into the Oxford Athletic Hall of Fame.  He has also been inducted into the UWO Athletics Hall of Fame.


In mathematics, the superquadrics or super-quadrics (also superquadratics)  are a family of geometric shapes defined by formulas that resemble those of ellipsoids and other quadrics, except that the squaring operations are replaced by arbitrary powers. They can be seen as the three-dimensional relatives of the superellipses. The term may refer to the solid object or to its surface, depending on the context. The equations below specify the surface; the solid is specified by replacing the equality signs by less-than-or-equal signs.
The superquadrics include many shapes that resemble cubes, octahedra, cylinders, lozenges and spindles, with rounded or sharp corners. Because of their flexibility and relative simplicity, they are popular geometric modeling tools, especially in computer graphics.
Some authors, such as Alan Barr, define "superquadrics" as including both the superellipsoids and the supertoroids. However, the (proper) supertoroids are not superquadrics as defined above; and, while some superquadrics are superellipsoids, neither family is contained in the other.
Comprehensive coverage of geometrical properties of superquadrics and a method of their recovery from range images is covered in a monograph.<PIC>  The surface of the basic superquadric is given by
\left|x\right|^{r}+\left|y\right|^{s}+\left|z\right|^{t}=1
where r, s, and t are positive real numbers that determine the main features of the superquadric. Namely:
less than 1: a pointy octahedron modified to have concave faces and sharp edges.
exactly 1: a regular octahedron.
between 1 and 2: an octahedron modified to have convex faces, blunt edges and blunt corners.
exactly 2: a sphere
greater than 2: a cube modified to have rounded edges and corners.
infinite (in the limit): a cube
Each exponent can be varied independently to obtain combined shapes. For example, if r=s=2, and t=4, one obtains a solid of revolution which resembles an ellipsoid with round cross-section but flattened ends. This formula is a special case of the superellipsoid's formula if (and only if) r = s.
If any exponent is allowed to be negative, the shape extends to infinity. Such shapes are sometimes called super-hyperboloids.
The basic shape above spans from -1 to +1 along each coordinate axis. The general superquadric is the result of scaling this basic shape by different amounts A, B, C along each axis. Its general equation is
{\displaystyle \left|{\frac {x}{A}}\right|^{r}+\left|{\frac {y}{B}}\right|^{s}+\left|{\frac {z}{C}}\right|^{t}=1.} Parametric equations in terms of surface parameters u and v (equivalent to longitude and latitude if m equals 2) are
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}x(u,v)&{}=Ag\left(v,{\frac {2}{r}}\right)g\left(u,{\frac {2}{r}}\right)\\y(u,v)&{}=Bg\left(v,{\frac {2}{s}}\right)f\left(u,{\frac {2}{s}}\right)\\z(u,v)&{}=Cf\left(v,{\frac {2}{t}}\right)\\&-{\frac {\pi }{2}}\leq v\leq {\frac {\pi }{2}},\quad -\pi \leq u<\pi ,\end{aligned}}}
where the auxiliary functions are
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}f(\omega ,m)&{}=\operatorname {sgn}(\sin \omega )\left|\sin \omega \right|^{m}\\g(\omega ,m)&{}=\operatorname {sgn}(\cos \omega )\left|\cos \omega \right|^{m}\end{aligned}}}
and the sign function sgn(x) is
\operatorname {sgn}(x)={\begin{cases}-1,&x<0\\0,&x=0\\+1,&x>0.\end{cases}} Barr introduces the spherical product which given two plane cures produces a 3D surface. If are two plane curves then the spherical product is This is similar to the typical parametric equation of a sphere: which give rise to the name spherical product.
Barr uses the spherical product to define quadric surfaces, like ellipsoids, and hyperboloids as well as the torus,
superellipsoid, superquadric hyperboloids of one and two sheets, and supertoroids. The following GNU Octave code generates a mesh approximation of a superquadric:
function superquadric(epsilon,a)  n = 50;  etamax = pi/2;  etamin = -pi/2;  wmax = pi;  wmin = -pi;  deta = (etamax-etamin)/n;  dw = (wmax-wmin)/n;  [i,j] = meshgrid(1:n+1,1:n+1)  eta = etamin + (i-1) * deta;  w   = wmin + (j-1) * dw;  x = a(1) .* sign(cos(eta)) .* abs(cos(eta)).^epsilon(1) .* sign(cos(w)) .* abs(cos(w)).^epsilon(1);  y = a(2) .* sign(cos(eta)) .* abs(cos(eta)).^epsilon(2) .* sign(sin(w)) .* abs(sin(w)).^epsilon(2);  z = a(3) .* sign(sin(eta)) .* abs(sin(eta)).^epsilon(3);  mesh(x,y,z);end


Chinley is a rural village in the High Peak Borough of Derbyshire, England, with a population of 2,796 at the 2011 Census. Most of the civil parish (called Chinley, Buxworth and Brownside) is within the Peak District National Park.  Historically, before the coming of the railway, the area was economically dominated by agriculture. Nowadays most inhabitants commute out of the village to work; accessible centres of work include Stockport, Sheffield and Manchester.<PIC> Chinley lies in the Blackbrook Valley. To the north is Cracken Edge, a once-quarried promontory of Chinley Churn, a large, prominent hill with a pass followed by the A624 named Chinley Head. Brown Knoll commands the skyline on the eastern border of the civil parish, with South Head and Mount Famine to the north-east. An old winding engine can still be seen atop an incline on the north-eastern face of Cracken Edge. Immediately south of the village, brook and parish border is Eccles Pike, an almost-conical hill, partly owned by the National Trust.
Filling the upper end of the valley to the southeast is Chapel-en-le-Frith, more than twice the size of Chinley in area and in population. Other nearby towns include Whaley Bridge (2 miles (3.2 km) west), New Mills (3 miles (4.8 km) northwest), Glossop (6 miles (9.7 km) north) and Buxton (5 miles (8.0 km) south). Buxworth in the same civil parish is the location of Bugsworth Basin on the Peak Forest Canal. Buxton Road to the east (bypassed here by the A6 through Whitehough) leads to the small settlement of New Smithy, beyond which the road turns south to Chapel Milton before crossing the Black Brook and continuing south into Chapel-en-le-Frith.
The boundary of the Peak District National Park runs up the middle of Stubbins Lane and part of Maynestone Road, before crossing down into the valley and over Otter Brook, towards Wash. Chinley railway station has a single island platform on the trans-Pennine Hope Valley Line between Sheffield and Manchester Piccadilly. The typical service is one train every hour each way to Sheffield and to Manchester Piccadilly, operated by Northern Trains. It is one of only two stations between Stockport and Sheffield where East Midlands Railway express trains stop in peak hours.
The coming of the railways was the reason Chinley grew from the tiny hamlet it had been and the village is actually named after its railway station. Previously, the names Maynestonefield or Four Lanes End were used. Chinley station was once an important railway junction on the Midland Railway's Dore and Chinley (or Hope Valley) line; it had a London-bound extension through Millers Dale and it was common to have to change trains in Chinley en route to Manchester, London or Sheffield. Chinley has a primary school; a small residential special school; an active village community centre and a Women's Institute hall; two village greens (one was formerly the bowling green); two parks, one of which is a local nature reserve; and a small collection of shops, including an Indian restaurant, tea shop, cheese shop, pizzeria and a fish and chip shop.
Chinley Juniors Football Club plays its games at Chinley Community Centre. Recently the club spent £60,000 on refurbishing the two football pitches at the park. Chinley Churners cycling club is officially affiliated to British Cycling and boasts members of all ages. Chinley Independent Chapel, on the southeastern edge of Chinley adjacent to Chapel Milton, was built in 1711. The chapel was established by William Bagshaw as a nonconformist church in 1662, and is still the home of the local Congregational church. It has simple furnishings and a pulpit near the centre of the building.
The route of the Peak Forest Tramway (in use from 1796–1923), an early horse-and-gravity-powered railway, runs along the southern edge of Chinley near the Black Brook. The one remaining entrance to the Stodhart Tunnel, one of the oldest railway tunnels in Britain, is just inside the entrance to Chapel Lodge nursing home, on the road between Chapel Milton and Chapel-en-le-Frith (in the latter parish). Part of the route is used as a road for testing car brakes by Ferodo, a local manufacturer of brakes and car parts. There are ruins or conversions of a few mills — one still in use as a plastics factory — and one or two large manor-style homes near the route.
The fine stone building of Chinley railway station was dismantled in 1902 and re-erected as a private house on Maynestone Road on the northeast edge of Chinley.
The Old Hall in the nearby hamlet of Whitehough, across the Black Brook to the south, dates from Elizabethan times and, with the adjacent 400-year-old licensed premises, forms part of the Old Hall Inn. A King's Mill stood alongside the Black Brook in Chapel Milton for around 700 years, but was destroyed in 1946 to allow construction of a water treatment facility for Ferodo.
A small cattle market was developed on the south side of the railway, near the station, in the early 19th century by a local farmers' co-operative society. It was conducted by Brady & Son of Stockport, who could access it conveniently from Tiviot Dale station on the Midland Railway. It closed before the Second World War. John Bennet (1714–1759), described as "one of John Wesley's most outstanding young preachers", was born at Chinley and lived at Lee End. Bennet and his wife Grace Murray are buried in the graveyard of nearby Chinley Chapel.
Charles Wesley visited Chinley regularly; it is said he was in love with Grace Murray.
George Kirk of the Old Hall, Whitehough was groom to the Royal Bedchamber of King Charles I, and was present when the king was beheaded in 1649.
Edwina Currie, former Conservative minister, winner of Celebrity Mastermind and author, moved to Whitehough in 2010, but moved to nearby Whaley Bridge in 2012.
Constance Felicity Goddard (1881–1954), novelist and poet. Daughter of Mary Ann and James Goddard, dairy farmer, of Heatherlea, Maynestone Road. Novels included Dear Charity (1922), Silver Woods (1939), Come Wind Come Weather (1945), Three at Cherry-Go-Gay (1949). A review in The Spectator compared her work to that of Alison Uttley and Flora Thompson. Her Poems were published in 1929.
Eric Hollies (1912–1981), cricketer. A Warwickshire and England leg-break bowler who dismissed Don Bradman in his final Test innings, he died in Chinley aged 68.