Too Much Coffee Man (TMCM) is an American satirical superhero created by cartoonist Shannon Wheeler. Too Much Coffee Man wears what appears to be a spandex version of old-fashioned red "long johns"  with a large mug attached atop his head. He is an anxious Everyman who broods about the state of the world, from politics to people, exchanging thoughts with friends and readers.
The strip is most often presented as a single page in alternative press newspapers, though occasionally the story arc stretches into multi-page stories. TMCM has appeared in comic strips, minicomics, webcomics, comic books, magazines, books, and operas. The Too Much Coffee Man comic book won the 1995 Eisner Award for Best New Series.  Too Much Coffee Man first appeared in 1991, in the Too Much Coffee Man Minicomic, as a self-promotion for Wheeler's book Children with Glue (Blackbird Comics, 1991). The minicomics, which appeared in many different formats, even one issued as a one-inch square, were self-published, photocopied, and handmade by Wheeler in initial runs of 300 black-and-white copies.
Wheeler said he created Too Much Coffee Man to make more accessible themes he had begun in a college newspaper. He said in 2011:
In 1991, I drew an autobiographical cartoon for The Daily Texan with themes of alienation and loneliness. When I described it, people's eyes glazed over. As a cheap gag, I started Too Much Coffee Man. I still address the same themes, except now there's coffee. People like coffee. Too Much Coffee Man started as a one-page ongoing strip running in The Daily Texan in 1991. Over time, it became syndicated to a number of alternative weeklies throughout the U.S.
With the January 23, 2006, installment, the "Too Much Coffee Man" strip was retitled "How to Be Happy, with Too Much Coffee Man". On February 6, 2006, the title was simplified to "How to Be Happy", and Too Much Coffee Man did not appear in the strip again until January 21, 2008.  Wheeler published four issues of the Too Much Coffee Man minicomic in 1991–1992.
Wheeler self-published the Too Much Coffee Man comic book via Adhesive Comics between 1993 and 2005. The first five issues were dated from July 1993 to February 1996. These were followed by three annual issues of Too Much Coffee Man's Color Special from 1996 to 1998. In July 1998, Adhesive released Too Much Coffee Man No. 8, thus skipping issues No. 6 and 7. After issue No. 10 (Dec. 2000), the comic became Too Much Coffee Man Magazine, featuring stories, articles, and reviews alongside TMCM material. Too Much Coffee Man strips appeared in the Austin, Texas-based anthology, Jab issues #1–4 and No. 6, published by Wheeler's own imprint Adhesive Comics from 1992 to 1995.
In 1994 TMCM appeared in the independent anthology Hands Off!, published by Washington Citizens for Fairness.
From 1994 to 1996, Too Much Coffee Man stories ran in the Dark Horse Comics anthology series Dark Horse Presents, in issues #92–95, and #100–111.  Dark Horse collected all the TMCM stories from Dark Horse Presents in the 1997 special Too Much Coffee Man "Saves the Universe".
1997 was a banner year for Too Much Coffee Man, with stories in the SPX: Small Press Expo anthology, Caliber Press's Negative Burn No. 50, the Head Press anthology No Justice, No Piece!, and the trade paperback Wake Up and Smell the Cartoons of Shannon Wheeler, published by Mojo Press.
In 1998, TMCM stories were printed in Oni Double Feature No. 2 and Judge Dredd Megazine vol. 3, No. 41.
From 1999 to 2002, Too Much Coffee Man stories ran in the Dark Horse Comics anthology series Dark Horse Extra, in issues No. 8, 10–13, 41–43, and 48.
In 2011, TMCM appeared in the Madman 20th Anniversary Monster!, published by Image Comics, and War of the Independents No. 1, published by Red Anvil.
In 2013, TMCM was featured in a three-issue how-to guide on submitting comics to the digital comics platform ComiXology. In 2014, TMCM stories appeared in BANG! The Entertainment Paper #7–8. With the earnings from a Converse shoe commercial, Wheeler purchased a computer, launched his website tmcm.com on December 7, 1995, and began posting his comics online. He continues to post new and newly colored Too Much Coffee Man cartoons on his website every week. Through multi-layered narratives, the comic explores issues of politics and the toils of urban society, often through the lens of the comics scene and coffee shop culture. In addition to the titular character, the creator of the strip often appears as a character, as does a "reader" character.
Too Much Coffee Man — Although he spends most time in his apartment or at the local coffee shop debating with his often pessimistic cohorts, Too Much Coffee Man is capable of going into a "manic paranoid frenzy" in combat, allowing him to pulverize opponents. He gains his amazing powers from coffee and cigarettes – he distills his extra potent espresso mix in a secret laboratory above the coffee shop. TMCM rarely sleeps and his nerves are shot from an excess of caffeine. He has also been in outer space and in a U.S. prison. Visually, the character is a parody of superheroes, which since their inception have been colloquially referred to by industry professionals as "long-underwear characters". Too Much Coffee Man wears literal long underwear, dressing in what appears to be a spandex version of old-fashioned red "long johns"  (full-body underwear with a buttoned flap on the back for bodily functions) with a large mug attached atop his head; it remains unclear whether he is wearing it or whether it is physically part of him.
Too Much Espresso Guy — Too Much Coffee Man's cynical friend. The espresso cup atop his head is strapped on in an obvious way.
Too Much German White Chocolate Woman With Almonds — their mutual friend. She is pale-skinned, worries a lot, and has large almonds on her face.
Underwater Guy — another mutual friend, who wears a wetsuit with a diving snorkel and mask.
Mystery Woman — Too Much Coffee Man's secret love.
Trademark Copyright Man — Too Much Coffee Man's archenemy. Too Much Coffee Man "Saves the Universe" (Dark Horse, July 1997)
Too Much Coffee Man's Guide for the Perplexed (Dark Horse, 1998) ISBN 1-56971-289-1
Too Much Coffee Man's Parade of Tirade (Dark Horse, 2000) ISBN 1-56971-437-1
Too Much Coffee Man's Amusing Musings (Dark Horse, 2001) ISBN 1-56971-663-3
How to be Happy (Dark Horse, 2005) ISBN 1-59307-353-4
Screw Heaven, When I Die I'm Going to Mars (Dark Horse, 2007) ISBN 1-59307-820-X
Too Much Coffee Man Omnibus (Dark Horse, August 2011) ISBN 1-59582-307-7 — collects all previous Dark Horse collections
Too Much Coffee Man: Cutie Island and Other Stories (BOOM! Studios, March 2012) ISBN 1-60886-098-1  In 1994, Converse shoe company licensed the rights to use Too Much Coffee Man for a 15-second commercial spot, first airing during a Saturday Night Live episode. The character has also been used in advertising for Hewlett-Packard.Marvel Comics and the cable television network Comedy Central were developing a potential animated series or special with the production company Nelvana in 2000 and 2001. However, the project was abandoned after both Wheeler and Comedy Central agreed that the script lacked quality. In 2000, jazz musician Bob Dorough recorded a CD entitled Too Much Coffee Man. The character appears on the cover, drawn by Shannon Wheeler, and there is a title track (originally intended to be music for an animated series based on the character) as well as a cover of the Richard Miles composition "The Coffee Song".<PIC> The Too Much Coffee Man Opera appeared on stage for the first time in 2006. Wheeler, fellow cartoonist Damian Willcox, and composer Daniel Steven Crafts adapted the strip into an opera. Too Much Coffee Man Opera debuted at Brunish Hall at the Center for Performing Arts in Portland, Oregon, on September 22, 2006. A sample performance, which preceded the debut, was given at the Opera America convention in Seattle, Washington. Wheeler later teamed with Portland-based comic Carolyn Main to write a second act. This new, extended version, dubbed Too Much Coffee Man: The Refill, debuted again at Brunish Hall in April 2008.
Miscellaneous
Artist Shannon Wheeler drew Too Much Coffee Man for an appearance on Rootless Coffee Co.'s HYPERSPACE coffee line.


José Luis Burciaga Jr. (born November 16, 1981 in Oak Cliff, Texas) is an American retired soccer player who is currently the General Manager of Keene FC. He is the former founder of Wizards Futbol Club, a youth soccer academy. Burciaga played youth soccer for the Dallas Texans Soccer Club and graduated from Duncanville High School where he was the 2000 District 7 soccer MVP and two-time All State. Instead of attending college, Burciaga opted to turn professional after finishing high school, signing a Project-40 contract with MLS.
Burciaga was selected 12th overall in the 2001 MLS SuperDraft by the Kansas City Wizards. Although a star with United States youth national teams, he was not immediately ready for MLS. He played two games on loan to the Portland Timbers of the USL A-League. He also played three games for Project 40 and one game with the Pittsburgh Riverhounds in an August 2001 U.S. Open Cup game. He finished the season with the Wizards with three games, two of them starts.
Burciaga tore his left knee's ACL in preseason and missed the entire 2002 season rehabbing the injury. He came on strong in 2003, earning the left back starting position in preseason and looking poised to finally come into his own; he tore his right knee's ACL in the fourth game of the season and so finished the year with only those four starts. After two painful years, Burciaga returned to the Wizards' lineup in 2004 and was injury-free for the entire year. Given the opportunity, he seized the left back position and kept it all year long. He finished the season with 21 starts out of 24 games played, and added one goal and one assist.
In 2005, Burciaga was selected out of all the MLS players to the MLS Select team vs. Real Madrid at the Estadio Santiago Bernabéu for the Trofeo Bernabeu. 2006 was Burciaga's breakout year, as he scored 8 goals and 8 assists, several of them spectacular, in earning MLS Best XI honors for the first time and team MVP.
Burciaga was traded by the Kansas City Wizards to league rivals Colorado Rapids on January 16, 2008, in return for a 2009 second round 2009 MLS SuperDraft pick. Colorado opted not to renew his contract for the 2009 season.
Burciaga trialed with Orlando City during the 2011 preseason but was not offered a contract with the team. In the spring of 2012, Burciaga attempted to earn a roster spot with MLS side D.C. United but was not successful. He ended up playing in 2012 for the Atlanta Silverbacks of the second division NASL.
Burciaga returned to professional soccer in late 2018, signing with the Major Arena Soccer League's Dallas Sidekicks.<PIC> In 2002, Burciaga founded the Wizards Futbol Club in Dallas, Texas. Established by Jose Luis Burciaga Sr. and Jose Luis Burciaga Jr., Wizards FC is a community based not for profit organization designed to provide a high level of training and development that will prepare all players for college and beyond.
At the 2014 Dallas Cup, Wizards FC had two teams participating with one team going to the finals. On August 4, 2014, Wolverhampton Wanderers of England agreed to a partnership with Wizards FC. Wizards FC coaches and players will have the opportunity to work with the Academy coaches of Wolves in both North America and England, offering an insight into the player development program of one of the top English soccer academies. The partnership will provide players and coaches access to a club renowned for producing world class players.
The partnership will see the Wolves North American Academy hosting a series of Elite Player ID events with Wizards FC. Wolves will send Academy staff members over to work with Wizards FC players at these events. The best male and female players at these events will be invited to attend the Wolves National Camp. The National Camp will host the top players from each of partner club in North America. From the National Camp, the top players will be invited to attend the Elite Player Tour at Wolves' Academy in Wolverhampton, England.
Jose Luis Burciaga Jr. stated that: "We are excited about our new partnership with Wolves, and we are looking forward to working together to help develop our young players to become the next generation of soccer players. Thank you to Global Image Sports for thinking about our club, and thank you Wolves for the opportunity." U.S. Open Cup Champion: 2004
MLS Cup Runner Up: 2004 MLS Best XI: 2006
KC Wizards MVP: 2006
MLS Humanitarian of the Year: 2008
Burciaga Jr. was recognized as an exemplary athlete within the community based on his work with the U.S. Soccer Foundation's Passback Program and the establishment of his foundation, the Jose Luis Burciaga Jr. Foundation. Burciaga Jr.'s foundation focuses on the positive impact of sports and the ideals of teamwork, discipline, and respect in the developing of young minds. The foundation promotes youth involvement in sports, education, community service, and cultural awareness.
Top 50 MLS Moment #29. Bomb Drop: 2004
In 132 games played in MLS, Burciaga scored 14 times. But not many of his blasts were more impressive, and certainly none came on a bigger stage, than his goal in the 2004 MLS Cup against D.C. United at the Home Depot Center in Carson, California. "He can crush a ball," said former Kansas City teammate Jimmy Conrad. "He can crush it, and even if it skips a few times, you know it's going in." "That was the first goal scored on me in MLS Cup, so I took it pretty hard," recalled Nick Rimando, now manning the nets for Real Salt Lake. "Ryan Nelsen was right there, and it went by him, and that's why I reacted a bit slow to it. If I’d seen it, I would’ve probably reacted a little earlier. But [Burciaga] hit it well and I reacted slow, and it cost us a goal. It was kind of a shock."


The Collaborative Labeling and Appliance Standards Program (CLASP) is an international nonprofit organization which provides technical and policy support to governments worldwide and works to implement energy efficiency standards and labels (S&L) for appliances, lighting, and equipment. It specializes in publishing studies and analyses with relevance to S&L practitioners.
The organization was created in 1999 as a strategic cooperation of three organization – the Alliance to Save Energy (ASE), the International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC), and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL).  It became an independent, non profit 501(c)3 organization in 2005.
CLASP conducts some of its technical analysis through an international network of partners, who are experts in the various aspects of S&L.  Currently, CLASP's network includes over 200 technical experts and S&L practitioners from more than 30 different countries.   Additionally, CLASP collaborates with various international S&L initiatives, such as Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Energy Standards Information System (APEC ESIS) and International Energy Agency Efficient Electrical End-Use Equipment (IEA 4E), to facilitate information exchange and connect S&L experts in similar regions or areas of expertise.
CLASP joined the ClimateWorks Foundation (CWF) as a Global Best Practice Network (BPN) in March 2009. ClimateWorks' BPNs are institutions staffed by technical and regulatory experts who help design, implement, and enforce policies proven to reduce CO₂ emissions. The ClimateWorks Foundation focuses on the sectors and regions responsible for most of the world's carbon emissions. CLASP, as part of its partnership with ClimateWorks, moved from working exclusively in developing countries to also working in more industrialized economies including the United States and European Union.
In 2011, CLASP was appointed as the Operating Agent for the Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) initiative, a multilateral collaboration initiated by the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) and the International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC) to transform the global market toward higher energy efficiency. SEAD member governments include Australia, Brazil, Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, India, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States. China participates as an observer.<PIC> Since 1999, CLASP has worked in over 50 countries on six continents. Some of CLASP's past program locations include Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, Fiji, Ghana, Poland, South Africa, Tunisia, and Uruguay.
CLASP currently has programs in China, Europe, India, and the United States, collaborating with policymakers, regulators, and their stakeholders to facilitate the development and
implementation of energy efficiency S&L.
Additionally, CLASP has two global programs—Global Research and the SEAD Initiative—which create original technical research, facilitate information exchange among countries, and disseminate S&L best practices internationally. 1999 – CLASP was established by three founding organizations – the Alliance to Save   Energy, the International Institute for Energy Conservation, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
2000 – CLASP's first website launched in July, 2000.
2002 – CLASP was registered as a World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) partnership.
2004 – From 2000 to 2004, CLASP provided assistance for the development and implementation of 21 new minimum energy performance standards, energy efficiency endorsement labels, and energy information labels that will save 250 megatons of CO₂ by 2014.
2005 – CLASP became an independent 501(c)3 non-profit corporation.
2007 – CLASP became the Secretariat of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Energy Standards Information System (APEC ESIS) under direction of the APEC ESIS Project Overseers (now Japan) and Expert Group on Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EGEE&C).
2009 – CLASP joined the ClimateWorks Foundation's network as a Best Practice Network (BPN) in March.
2011 – CLASP was appointed as the Operating Agent of Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD), a government-led international market transformation initiative for highly efficient appliances and equipment.
2012 – CLASP website was selected by the 16th Annual Webby Awards as an Official Honoree in the Green category. Publications
Cooling Benchmarking Study
CLASP's Global Research team embarked on the development of a series of benchmarking studies in 2010. The first analysis in the series, the Cooling Benchmarking Study, was carried out in partnership with Econoler, Navigant, Centro de Ensayos Innovación y Servicios (CEIS) and the American Council for an Energy Efficiency Economy (ACEEE), and provides an international comparison of energy efficiency performance and policy measures for room air conditioners used in the residential sector. The study, which was finalized in July 2011, delivers first-of-their-kind conversion formulas to compare seasonal performance metrics of room air conditioners across economies that use different test methods.  These formulas enable countries and experts a means to compare the stringency of various S&L programs and to identify opportunities to adopt S&L best practices.
Opportunities for Success and CO₂ Savings from Appliance Energy Efficiency Harmonization
The study, published in collaboration with Paul Waide of Navigant Consulting, Lloyd Harrington of Energy Efficiency Strategies, and Michael Scholand, conducts an extensive investigation of the energy efficiency standards and labeling programs in place in China, the European Union, India, Japan, and the US. It documents Minimum Energy Performance Requirements for 24 types of residential, commercial, and industrial appliances and equipment in these economies and identifies products with the greatest potential for global harmonization. The study also highlights economy-specific gap analyses, which illustrate gaps in policy coverage and estimate potential energy savings achieved through the adoption of world’s most comprehensive standards.
Compliance Counts: A Practitioners Guidebook on Best Practice Monitoring, Verification, and Enforcement (MV&E) for Appliance Standards &Labeling
The Guidebook, published in collaboration with Mark Ellis & Associates, is designed as a step-by-step manual for policymakers and S&L program administrators to design and implement a successful compliance regime.  Drawing on the experiences of existing S&L programs worldwide, the Guidebook provides different approaches to implementing and improving all aspects of a compliance framework, including establishment of a legal basis for MV&E activities and enforcement options for non-compliance. According to the guidebook, effective compliance regimes:  ensure that consumers receive the products they expect when making purchasing decisions; provide industry participants a fair market in which to operate; and safeguard current and future energy and greenhouse gas emissions savings from S&L programs, among other benefits.
Energy Efficiency Labels and Standards: A Guidebook for Appliances, Equipment, And Lighting (also available in Chinese, Spanish and Korean)
This guidebook is designed as a manual for government officials and others around the world responsible for developing, implementing, enforcing, monitoring, and maintaining energy efficiency labeling and standard-setting programs.
Tools
Policy Analysis Modeling System (PAMS)
CLASP and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) developed the Policy Analysis Modeling System as an easy-to-use software tool to help local policymakers assess the benefit of standards and labeling programs, and to identify the most attractive targets for appliances and efficiency levels.
Global S&L Database
CLASP’s Global S&L Database is an online resource that allows policy makers and S&L practitioners to compare appliance, lighting, and equipment efficiency policies and regulations across countries and by product; to explore specific information about those policies; and to view and understand the legislative framework and history of S&L by country and economic region.


Ying Rudi (simplified Chinese: 英如镝; traditional Chinese: 英如鏑; pinyin: Yīng Rúdí; born August 16, 1998) is a Chinese professional ice hockey player currently with  HC Kunlun Red Star of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Born in China, Ying first played hockey in Beijing, moving to the United States at age 9 to further his career. He returned to Beijing in 2016, becoming the first Chinese-born player to play in the KHL. Internationally he has represented China at both the junior and senior levels. Ying is also the son of actor Ying Da and the grandson of actor Ying Ruocheng. Ying Rudi was born in Beijing on August 16, 1998 to Ying Da, a director and actor, and Liang Huan (梁欢).  Ying played youth hockey in China for the Beijing Cubs of the Beijing Youth Hockey League (BYHL) before moving to the Chicago Mission of the High Performance Hockey League (HPHL), at age 9. Ying joined the Boston Junior Bruins U18 team in the Eastern Junior Elite Prospects League for the 2012–13 season, before transferring to play for the junior varsity team of Phillips Exeter Academy.
After two years at Exeter, Ying signed with the Toronto Patriots of the Ontario Junior Hockey League (OJHL), where he played for the remainder of the 2015–16 season. On August 16, 2016, Ying signed a two-year contract with HC Kunlun Red Star of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He was the first Chinese-born player to play in the KHL or NHL. After a year with the team, in which he acquired no points in 25 games, Ying was sent down to KRS Heilongjiang, the developmental minor-league affiliate team of HC Kunlun Red Star. Ying represented China as a 16-year-old at the 2014 IIHF World U18 Championship Division II. The youngest player on the team, Ying recorded seven points (five goals and two assists) in five games, the most out of any Chinese player at the tournament. He was named to the U18 Division II-B All Star Team.
Ying played for China again in 2015, where he again led the team in points, with seven (six goals and one assist). In 2016, Ying captained his team at the same tournament where he tallied three points (two goals and one assist) in four games.
In 2017, Ying captained the Chinese U20 National Team at the 2017 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships – Division III, where his team won second place. Despite China's loss in the finals, Ying gave a dominant individual performance, leading the tournament with 19 points (9 goals and 10 assists) in 5 games. He was awarded Best Forward of the Tournament, Best Player of Team China, as well as 2 Best Player of the Game awards.
Ying also participated at the 2017 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships and 2018 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships.<PIC> Ying first began to play hockey at a mall in Beijing, skating while his mother would shop. His parents decided to send him to the United States when he was nine in order to further is career. Initially Ying lived in Chicago, but later moved to the Boston area, where he studied at Fay School in Southborough and then entered Phillips Exeter Academy, a prep school known for its academics. His great-great-grandfather Ying Lianzhi (英敛之; 1867–1926) was the founder of Takungpao and Fu Jen Catholic University. His great-great-grandmother Aisin Gioro Shuzhong (爱新觉罗·淑仲) was a member of the Qing dynasty royal family. His great-great-maternal grandfather Cai Rukai (蔡儒楷; 1867–1923) was president of National Beiyang University. His great-grandfather Ying Qianli (英千里; 1900–1969) was a professor at National Taiwan University and Fu Jen Catholic University. His great-grandmother Cai Baozhen (蔡葆真) was president of Beijing Children's Library. His grandmother (吴世良) was a translator and interpreter of Zhou Enlai. His grandfather Ying Ruocheng was a director, actor, playwright and vice minister of culture from 1986 to 1990. His aunt Ying Xiaole (英小乐) is a Chinese-American painter.


Admiral Molyneux Shuldham, 1st Baron Shuldham (c. 1717 – 30 September 1798) was an officer of the British Royal Navy. He served for a time as colonial governor of Newfoundland.<PIC> Molyneux Shuldham was born in Ireland c. 1717, and was the second son of the Reverend Lemuel Shuldham, by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Daniel Molyneux of Ballymulvy, of County Longford. Molyneux entered the navy in 1732 as captain's servant on board HMS Cornwall, with Captain George Forbes (afterwards Earl of Granard and governor of County Longford). He afterwards served in HMS Solebay with Captain Charles Fanshawe, and for upwards of four years in HMS Falkland with Fitzroy Henry Lee. He passed his examination on 25 January 1739, being then described on his certificate as 'near twenty-two.' According to the statement in Charnock, he was not seventeen.
On 31 August 1739 he was promoted to be lieutenant of HMS Tilbury, one of the ships which went out to the West Indies with Sir Chaloner Ogle, and took part in the unsuccessful attack on Cartagena in 1741. In 1742 he was first lieutenant of her when, on 21 September, she was set on fire in a drunken squabble between a marine and the purser's boy and burnt, with a large proportion of the ship's company. Shuldham, with the captain and other officers, was tried by court-martial on 15 October but was acquitted of all blame. He was promoted to commander of HMS Blast in Jamaica on 1 May 1744. On 9 November 1745 he was attacked and captured by two Spanish privateers off the Black River, after stiff resistance. Shuldham suffered mistreatment by privateers, but was compensated by the Spanish governor of Havana. After finally returning to England, he was promoted to be captain of HMS Sheerness on 12 May 1746, then employed on the coast of Scotland; in December 1748 he was appointed to HMS Queenborough, and in March 1749 to HMS Unicorn. In October 1754 he was appointed to HMS Seaford, from which, in March 1755, he was moved to the 60-gun HMS Warwick, going out to the West Indies, where, near Martinique on 11 March 1756, she fell in with a French 74-gun ship and two frigates, which overpowered and captured her. War had not then been declared, but hostilities had been going on for several months, as Shuldham very well knew, and the story that he mistook the enemy's ships of war for merchantmen would be but little to his credit if there was any reason to suppose it true. He, with the crew of the Warwick, was sent to France, kept a prisoner at large at Poitiers for nearly two years, and returned to England in a cartel on 16 March 1758. A court-martial acquitted him of all blame for the loss of the ship, and on 25 July 1758 he was appointed to HMS Panther, in which he joined Commodore Sir John Moore in the West Indies and took part in the reduction of Guadeloupe and its dependent islands, March to May 1759 under Commodore Moore.
In July he was moved by Moore into HMS Raisonnable, which was lost on a reef of rocks at Fort Royal off Martinique as she was standing in to engage a battery on 8 January 1762, when the island was attacked and reduced by Rear-Admiral Rodney. In April Rodney appointed Shuldham to HMS Marlborough, from which a few days later he was moved by Sir George Pocock to HMS Rochester, and again by Rodney after a few weeks to Foudroyant. In mid-1763 he was transferred once more to a temporary command aboard HMS Levant, with which he returned to England in August 1763. Peace had been declared between England and France, and Shuldham was ashore on half-pay until December 1766, when he was appointed to HMS Cornwall, the guardship at Plymouth. In November 1770 he transferred to HMS Royal Oak, then commissioned in consequence of the expected rupture with Spain. On 14 February 1772 he was appointed commodore and commander-in-chief on the Newfoundland Station, which office he held for three years. He was responsible for the construction of Fort Townshend, which was completed in 1780. Shuldham visited Chateau Bay on the Labrador coast and sent his lieutenant, Roger Curtis, to inspect the northern coast and the Moravian missionaries. On 31 March 1775 he was promoted to be rear-admiral of the white. At the general election in the following autumn he was returned to the House of Commons as member for Fowey, and on 29 September, was appointed commander-in-chief on the coast of North America from the river St. Lawrence to Cape Florida. He went out with his flag in the 50-gun HMS Chatham, arriving at Boston on 30 December after a passage of sixty-one days, having been promoted, on 7 December while on the way out, to be vice-admiral of the blue. His work was limited to covering the operations of the troops, and preventing the colonial trade. In July 1776, he escorted Admiral Howe into New York Harbor. He was replaced by Lord Howe, and on 31 July, was created a peer of Ireland by the title of Baron Shuldham. Early in 1777 he returned to England, and from 1778 to 1783 was Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1777. He was promoted on 24 September 1787 to be admiral of the blue, and on 1 February 1793 to be admiral of the white.
He died at Lisbon in the autumn of 1798.  His body was transported back to England aboard HMS Colossus, which was also carrying many of the antique vases collected by Sir William Hamilton. Colossus was wrecked in a gale on the Isles of Scilly, but while many of Sir William's vases were lost, Shuldham's body was recovered through 'heroic efforts'. He had married Margaret Irene, widow of John Harcourt of Ankerwycke Park but left no issue, and thus the title became extinct.


Raymond Leroy Moore (June 1, 1926 – March 2, 1995) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Brooklyn Dodgers, Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, and Washington Senators / Minnesota Twins from 1952 to 1963.
A fastballing right-hander, Moore was nicknamed "Farmer" and "Old Blue". He was 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) tall and he weighed 205 pounds (93 kg).<PIC> Born in Meadows, Maryland, Moore was originally signed by the Dodgers in 1947. He spent almost six full years in the minors, and made his major league debut on August 1, 1952 at the age of 26. Moore, who today wouldn't be considered a "control specialist" as he walked as many as 112 batters in a season, was used both as a reliever and starter in his career, starting mostly during his time with the Orioles, to whom he'd been traded for Chico García on October 8, 1954. He also started a large number of games one year with the White Sox. He was involved in a blockbuster deal when he was sent to the White Sox, being traded with Tito Francona and Billy Goodman for Hall of Famer Larry Doby, Jim Marshall, Russ Heman and Jack Harshman.
Perhaps his best season as a starter was 1956, while with the Orioles. That year, Moore posted a 12–7 record with a 4.18 ERA. He also completed nine games that season, a career high. He also had the ninth best hits allowed per nine innings ratio in 1956, with a ratio of 7.83:9.
On June 28, 1957, Moore threw the White Sox' fourth consecutive shutout, which set an American League record. Overall that year, he went 11–13 with a 3.72 ERA.
Moore saw the only postseason action of his career as his White Sox battled the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1959 World Series. Moore only appeared in one inning in the World Series, striking out one and giving up a hit-a home run by Chuck Essegian. He was purchased from the White Sox by the Senators in June of 1960, and it was with the Senators and Twins (the Senators relocated to Minnesota after 1960) that he became one of the better closers in the league, ranking from 1960 to 1962 third, fourth and seventh in the league in saves, respectively.
Moore finished up his career in 1963, playing his final game on September 6 against the Chicago White Sox, striking out the last batter he faced – Cam Carreon. Overall, he was 63–59 with 560 walks and 612 strikeouts in 10722⁄3 innings. He completed 24 of the 105 games he started, shutting out five of them. Overall, he appeared in 365 games, saving 46.
Moore had a total of six home runs in his career, with as many as three in a season. In 1956, he hit .271 in 70 at-bats. Overall, his batting average was .187 with 56 hits in 299 at-bats. He struck out 99 times and walked seven times in his entire career.
He had a .946 fielding percentage in his career.
Moore died in 1995 in Clinton, Maryland. He is buried at Cedar Hill Cemetery in Suitland, Maryland.


The House of Peace Synagogue is a former synagogue of the Beth Shalom Congregation in Columbia, South Carolina. It was originally located at 1318 Park Street. After the congregation moved in the 1935, the building was used for the Big Apple Club, which was an African-American night club.  It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on August 28, 1979. In the early 1980s, the building was moved to its present location at the southeast corner of Hampton and Park Streets. In 1993, it was purchased by the Historic Columbia Foundation and is called the Big Apple.<PIC> The first Jewish congregation in Columbia, Sharit Israel, met on Assembly Street. Their building was destroyed in the burning of Columbia in the Civil War. The Jewish community diminished after the war until Eastern European immigrants arrived later in the century. In 1896, the  Reform Tree of Life synagogue was built. Because of religious differences, the Orthodox Jews in Columbia separated. In 1907, the Orthodox minyan met at a house at Park and Lady Streets that served as their first synagogue. They received a state charter in 1912. This first synagogue was destroyed in a fire in 1915. The new synagogue was built at the site. By the late 1920s, they had outgrown this facility. They moved to their third synagogue on 1719 Marion Street in early 1935. The congregation's synagogue is now at  5827 North Trenholm Road.
The second synagogue on Park Street was then used for the African-American night club called the Big Apple Club. At the club, a  dance craze, which was named the Big Apple, was popularized. Students from the University of South Carolina, who paid to watch from a balcony, learned the dance steps. Some of these students took the dance to the Roxy Club in New York in 1937. From there, the dance was briefly popular across the country.
After its use as a night club, the building was used by various commercial establishments. At the time of the preparation of the National Register of Historic Places nomination, it was used by a heating and air conditioning company. In the early 1980s, it was moved nearly two blocks to the corner of Hampton and Park Streets. In 1993, it was purchased by the Historic Columbia Foundation. It has been restored and is available for rental for special occasions. The Big Apple building is two-story, wooden building with a metal gabled roof. At its Park Street site, it was on a raised brick basement. Built for a congregation that was largely Polish and Russian immigrants, it is an example of Eastern Jewish architecture.
The entrance to the building is in a projecting central bay. The door is flanked by wooden pilasters and sidelights under a large arch with stained glass windows. On each side of the arch is a pair of tall narrow, stained glass windows with horseshoe arches. The sides of buildings have five windows with horseshoe arches. Some of have been modified. The sides have pedimented gables with a rondelle.
The interior has central recessed dome. When it was the Big Apple Club, the dome had neon lights shaped like the crescent moon and shooting stars. There is a balcony on the front side of the building. This was the spectator's gallery during operation as the night club.


USS Paysandu (ID-3880) was a troop transport acquired to repatriate U.S. troops from France after World War I.
Paysandu was originally SS Bahia, a passenger-cargo ship built in 1898 for the Hamburg South American Line. With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Bahia was interned at Montevideo, Uruguay. Seized by the Uruguayan government in 1917, Bahia was transferred to the management of the United States Shipping Board in late 1918, converted into a troop transport in New Jersey and commissioned as USS Paysandu (ID-3880). Paysandu made two round trips from the United States to France between May and July 1919 before being decommissioned and returned to Uruguay.
The ship subsequently re-entered merchant service as SS Paysandu, before being scrapped in Denmark in 1928.<PIC> Paysandu was originally SS Bahia, a steel-hulled, single-screw passenger-cargo steamer. Bahia was built at Hamburg, Germany in 1898 by Reiherstieg Schiffswerke & Maschinenfabrik (Reiherstieg Shipbuilding and Engineering Works) for the Hamburg Sildamerikanische Dampfshifffahrts Gesellschaft (Hamburg–South American Steamship Company). Bahia's yard number was 400. The ship was launched 19 April 1898 and completed in May.
Bahia had a length of 375 feet 8 inches (114.5 m), a beam of 46 feet 6 inches (14.2 m), draft of 24 feet (7.3 m) and hold depth of 27 feet 4 inches (8.3 m). She had a gross register tonnage of 4,817, net register tonnage of 3,106, and displacement of 9,004 long tons. The ship had eight watertight bulkheads, two decks, two masts and a single smokestack.
Bahia was powered by a 2,200 ihp four-cylinder quadruple expansion steam engine with cylinders of 21, 32, 46 and 66 inches (53, 81, 117 and 168 cm) by 51-inch (130 cm) stroke, driving a single screw propeller. Steam was supplied by two doubled-ended and two single-end boilers at a working pressure of 213 psi (1,470 kPa). The ship had a speed of 12.5 knots (14.4 mph; 23.2 km/h).  Following her completion in May 1898, Bahia entered service with the Hamburg–South American Line. While Bahia's particular route is not known, ships of the Hamburg–South American Line operated between Hamburg, Germany and several localities in Brazil including Bahia, Rio de Janeiro and Santos, São Paulo; to Central America; and between Brazil and New York, United States. Bahia continued in operation with the Hamburg–South American Line until the outbreak of World War I in 1914, when she was interned in Montevideo, Uruguay.
In 1917, Bahia was seized by the Government of Uruguay and transferred to the United States Shipping Board. Renamed SS Paysandu, the ship departed Montevideo 30 September 1918, arriving at New York shortly after the end of the war on 24 November 1918. With the foreign contingent of the American Cruiser and Transport Force having withdrawn at the close of the war, the U.S. government needed additional capacity to repatriate U.S. troops from France, and Paysandu consequently became one of 56 ships selected for conversion into troop transports. The ship was converted  between 5 January and 1 March 1919 at Hoboken, New Jersey by the W. & A. Fletcher Company, at a cost of $173,360. On 29 January, while still undergoing conversion, Paysandu was acquired by the U.S. Navy and commissioned as USS Paysandu (ID-3880). After the conversion, USS Paysandu had a troop-carrying capacity of 25 officers and 1,300 enlisted men, and a crew complement of 21 officers and 168 enlisted men.
Assigned to the Cruiser and Transport Force, Paysandu departed for the Army's large embarkation center at St. Nazaire, France, where, on 16 May, she embarked elements of the Baltimore 313th Infantry Regiment, including the 2nd Battalion and K, M, and Machine Gun Companies—a total of 27 officers and 1,351 men. The ship departed St. Nazaire for Newport News, Virginia at 4 pm the same day, with the remainder of the regiment leaving two days later aboard USS Antigone (ID-3007).
The regimental historian notes of the voyage aboard Paysandu that the ship "was not in very good condition, as she had been laid up for years in South America and it was impossible to get any speed out of her. She was only 375 feet long and had no cargo in her and pitched and rolled constantly, causing a great deal of seasickness." Nonetheless, the troops were in good spirits as they were homeward bound. Paysandu had better food and accommodations than the troops had enjoyed on their outbound journey to France aboard USS Leviathan, and the troops were permitted on deck more frequently. To help pass the time on Paysandu, the Regimental "theatrical talent" organized shows and concerts, while "moving picture outfits" and boxing and wrestling matches provided further entertainment. The Regimental barbers were also kept busy, as many of the troops were keen to look their best on their arrival home.
Though Paysandu had departed St. Nazaire two days earlier than Antigone, the latter arrived at Newport News first, on 29 May, with Paysandu docking three days later on the night of Sunday, 1 June, her troops disembarking the following morning. On 3 June, the Regiment departed in two contingents on the steamer Essex for Baltimore, where the returning troops received a reception of such enthusiasm it is said to have "resembled a riot."
After disembarking the 313th, Paysandu made a second voyage to France, returning to the United States 14 July. On her two-round trips between France and the United States, the ship repatriated a total of 2,736 troops, including four sick or wounded. Her naval assignments complete, Paysandu was detached from the Cruiser and Transport Force 16 July and decommissioned on the 29th, after which she was returned to the USSB, who in turn re-delivered the vessel to her owners, the Government of Uruguay. Following her return to the Uruguayan Government in late 1919, Paysandu re-entered merchant service as SS Paysandu. Little is known about her subsequent career, but the ship is known to have made a couple of voyages to New York in this period, one from Montevideo in May 1920 and another from Buenos Aires, Argentina in January 1923.
SS Paysandu was scrapped at Copenhagen, Denmark, on 26 January 1928.


Indra Putra Bin Mahayuddin PB (born 2 September 1981) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays for Malaysia Premier League club Perak. He is the all-time highest goalscorer of the Malaysia Super League. He is a versatile forward, who can operate as a striker or a winger.  Indra Putra has played in the Perak Academy when he was a teenager. He then was promoted to the senior team in 2002, helping Perak to clinch the Malaysian Premier One League in 2002 and 2003. Then, in 2004, Indra Putra Mahayuddin moved to Pahang in a high-profile transfer. There, Indra helped Pahang to win the inaugural edition of the rebranded Malaysian Super League in his first season.
Indra Putra Mahayuddin was described as the best Malaysian football player in his generation by former Perak's coach Steve Darby. He was the 2004 Malaysian Super League season top goalscorer with 15 goals from 21 games played. He remains, until this day, the last Malaysian football player to win that accolade.
He joined Selangor for the 2008 season, after his contract with Pahang expired. During 2009 season, Indra Putra joined Kelantan and were partnered upfront by his former teammate in Perak Khalid Jamlus. On 18 April 2009, he was the villain among the Negeri Sembilan supporters after stamping on Negeri's defender, Rahman Zabul. Amazingly, he escaped the red card. He was part of the Kelantan team that play in that year Malaysia FA Cup final against Selangor where Kelantan lost 3–1 on penalties his spot kick hit the bar which cost Kelantan the match. Kelantan suffered another setback when lost the 2009 Malaysia Cup final against Negeri Sembilan. Indra scored a consolation goal from the free kick. However, Indra was chosen as the most valuable player for the 2009 season. He was part of the Kelantan's 2010 Malaysia Cup winning team. Indra signed with Kuala Terengganu-based club, T-Team in 2011. After one season with T-Team, Indra returned to Kelantan for the 2012 season. During the 2012 Malaysia Cup final at the Shah Alam Stadium, he scored an extra-time winner and clinched a dramatic 3–2 victory over ATM. During the season, he also help the team win the 2012 Super League and 2012 Malaysia FA Cup, completing the treble.<PIC> Indra joined Felda United, who were just relegated to the Premier League, at the end of the 2013. He helped the club finish runners-up in the 2014 Malaysia Premier League, and the club was promoted straight back to the Malaysia Super League after only being in the second division for one season. On 30 December 2015, Indra was officially announced as Kelantan new signing during a friendly match with PKNP by Kelantan FA President, Annuar Musa. He was released at the end of his contract. On 3 December 2017, Indra signed a contract with newly promoted side Kuala Lumpur after being released by Kelantan. He scored his first goal in a 2–2 draw against Pahang FA. He then scored his second goal against his former club, Kelantan FA in a 4–2 defeat. On 27 April 2019 he scored 100 goal in Malaysian Super League against PKNS; his first goal was 21 February 2004 against Sabah FA. The right-footed player started represented Malaysia for the 2001 Sea Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.  After that, he joined national team in the FA Premier League Asia Cup 2003 and also in the 2002 Tiger Cup in Thailand, helping Malaysia national football team to a 4th-place finish.
In 2002, Indra was call up for an international friendly match against five times World Cup winners Brazil. He was selected as one of first eleven to played against Brazilian stars such as Ronaldo and Barca's Ronaldinho.
He also been called up by Malaysia national football team coach Norizan Bakar for the AFC Asian Cup 2007 in July, co-hosting by 4 countries Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam and Malaysia. In the competition, Indra Putra is the only Malaysian player to score a goal, against China, as Malaysia crashed out in the group stages having lost all group games.
Indra Putra also represented the Malaysia XI squad against Chelsea at Shah Alam Stadium on 29 July 2008. The Malaysia XI eventually lost 0–2.
He was unexpectedly recalled to Malaysia national team, after a long period of absence, for a match against Indonesia on 14 September 2014 by national coach Dollah Salleh. He entered the match as a substitute, which ended in a 2–0 loss to Malaysia.  As of 12 September 2021 As of 22 Oct 2020.   Perak
Liga Perdana 1: 2002, 2003
Pahang
Malaysia Super League: 2004
Malaysia FA Cup: 2006
Kelantan
Malaysia Super League: 2010, 2012
Malaysia FA Cup: 2012, 2013
Malaysia Cup: 2012, 2013
Kuala Lumpur City
Malaysia Cup: 2021 AFF Suzuki Cup Runners-up: 2014
Pestabola Merdeka Runners-up: 2008
Southeast Asian Games:  Silver 2001 Malaysia Super League Golden Boot: 2004
FAM Football Awards – Best Striker Award: 2009 – Kelantan FA
FAM Football Awards – Most Valuable Players : 2009 – Kelantan FA The first player to reach 100 goals in Malaysia Super League
All-time highest goalscorer in Malaysia Super League: 102 goals


The capped heron (Pilherodius pileatus) is a water bird endemic to the neotropics, inhabiting rainforest from the center of Panama to the south of Brazil. It is the only species of the genus Pilherodius, and one of the least known of the heron family, Ardeidae. It is superficially similar to the group of the night herons, but is active during daytime or at twilight.<PIC> The capped heron was described by the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in 1780 in his Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux from a specimen collected in Cayenne, French Guiana. The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by François-Nicolas Martinet in the Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle which was produced under the supervision of Edme-Louis Daubenton to accompany Buffon's text.  Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist Pieter Boddaert coined the binomial name Ardea pileata in his catalogue of the Planches Enluminées. The capped heron is now the only species placed in the genus Pilherodius that was erected by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach in 1853. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek πιλος pilos "cap" and ερωδιος erōdios meaning "heron". The specific epithet pileatus is Latin for "capped".
There is little known about the relationship of P. pileatus with the other species of the family Ardeidae, because of its lack of inclusion in genetic studies. With the little information available it is believed that its closest living relative is the whistling heron (Syrigma sibilatrix). This species is very distinct from other herons, being the only one with a blue beak and face, and a black crown. The belly, chest, and neck are covered with yellowish-white or light-cream feathers. The wings and back are covered with white feathers. Three to four white long feathers extend from the black crown. No sexual dimorphism in color or brightness has been noted.
The body length of an adult varies between 510 and 590 mm, the wing chords between 263 and 280 mm, the tail between 95 and 103 mm, and the tarsus between 92 and 99 mm. The weight of an adult varies between 444 and 632 g.
The juveniles are very similar to the adults. They only differ in body length and that the white feathers are slightly grey. The capped heron is endemic to the neotropics and almost exclusive to rainforest. It is present in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. It inhabits low lands up to 900 m above sea level, though in Venezuela it is only found below 500 m, and in Ecuador below 400 m. Although there are no migrations registered to this species and it is believed that is sedentary, there may be seasonal movements in Darien, Panama. The capped heron normally inhabits swamps and ditches in wet grasslands or rainforests. Sometimes it can venture into deeper ponds and rivers. They prefer to forage on the shore or in floating vegetation, but have also been observed in trenches of coffee plantations and flooded rice fields. Capped herons hunt mainly for fish, but also aquatic insects and larvae, tadpoles, and frogs. Fish taken as prey tend to be between 1 and 5 cm long. The insects are hunted in the nearby vegetation along the river or pond, and the fish in the shallow waters.
In a typical hunting sequence the heron will stand erectly searching for potential prey; after locating it they will crouch slowly and extend their neck; finally they will introduce their beak into the water at a great speed to catch the prey. The frequency of success observed is 23%. They can also use the same sequence while walking in the shallows. They usually walk slowly, covering the same area repeatedly pausing for a few seconds, then slowly moving one foot to take a new step. There are reports of individuals doing aerial hunting, peaking, gleaning, foot paddling, dipping, swimming feeding, and bill-vibrating.
Capped herons move frequently between feeding sites, sometimes flying up to 100m. They may be crepuscular, but have been observed foraging during broad daylight, unlike the night-herons. They usually hunt solitarily.  Capped herons are strongly territorial; the same bird may be seen at a foraging site for weeks at a time.  One capped heron was seen chasing another away from a foraging site, until the other bird settled high in a tree. The capped heron is normally solitary, although there are cases where they have been found in couples or groups. Birds may be seen with other species such as snowy egrets (Egretta thula) and scarlet ibis (Eudocimus ruber), however other studies have found that they avoid large mixed-species flocks, appearing in fewer than 1% of 145 observed feeding aggregations. Capped herons appear to be submissive to great egrets (Ardea alba), but dominant to snowy egrets (Egretta thula) and striated herons (Butorides striatus). There is very little known about the reproduction of this species. Captive breeding in Miami, USA indicates that a female may lay 2-4 dull white eggs, incubation lasts 26–27 days, and that the chick has white down. However, these captive individuals failed to have any young survive, possibly due to a deficient diet or abnormal behavior in the adults. Based on birds with a similar biology, it is likely that they maintain family groups and care for young even after the young have reached the fledgling stage. There may be a two-cycle breeding pattern, with northern and southern populations breeding at different times of the year. This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for a Vulnerable rating under the range-size criterion. The population size has not been quantified, and the trend is not known, but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size or trend criteria. For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern. Nevertheless, it occurs in very low densities and is considered "rare" in Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and Panama.
The capped heron appears to be adaptable and may be expanding its use of man-made habitats. People have found some individuals in pools along the Transamazonian Highway Brasil.  However, given that it is mainly a riverine forest species, the loss of this habitat due to logging and conversion of forest to pasture might pose long-term threats.


USS Straub (DE-181) was a  Cannon-class destroyer escort in service with the United States Navy from 1943 to 1947. She was sold for scrap in 1974.<PIC> USS Straub was laid down on 7 June 1943 by the Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., at Newark, New Jersey. Sponsored by Mrs. Margaret H. Straub, the escort was launched on 19 September and commissioned on 25 October 1943 at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Straub remained in New York City until 11 November, then departed for Great Sound Bay, Bermuda, and shakedown. The shakedown exercises in waters around Bermuda lasted for approximately one month, and Straub returned to New York on 13 December. There she joined elements of Convoy UGS-28, escorted them to Norfolk, Virginia, and thence across the Atlantic as far as the Azores. The convoy arrived at Bahia Angra, Terceira, Azores, on 8 January 1944; and Straub conducted antisubmarine patrols among the islands until detached on 16 January to join Task Group TG 21.11 in screening escort aircraft carrier Mission Bay (CVE-59) to Casablanca.
The task group made Casablanca on 25 January and, the same day, Straub began her voyage home. She arrived at New York on 6 February and began a period of availability which lasted until her embarkation on the 20th for Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. As a part of the antisubmarine screen of Task Group TG 27.2, she was reunited with Mission Bay as escort to her and Wake Island (CVE-65). The task group called at Recife, where Straub reported for duty with the U.S. 4th Fleet, and then moved on to Rio de Janeiro, entering port on the 7th. Straub was detached the next day and steamed out of Rio de Janeiro bound for Montevideo, Uruguay.
Straub put in at Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, for three days and, instead of making for Montevideo, visited Bahia, Brazil, from 17 to 28 March. From there, she put to sea and joined TG 41.6 on the 31st. Led by escort carrier Solomons (CVE-67), Straub and the rest of TG 41.6 plied the ocean searching for enemy submarines until 12 April. The task group returned to Recife for two days and sortied on 14 April for another U-boat hunt. This second patrol, on 14 to 30 April, and the third, from 4 to 20 May, were both fruitless. After an 11-day repair period at Recife, Straub exited the harbor with TG 41.6 on 31 May 1944 for their fourth patrol.
At the end of two weeks of quiet cruising, Straub picked up a report of a submarine sighting sent by one of Solomons' pilots. In company with Herzog (DE-178), she sped off to the U-boat's reported position to initiate a box search and engage the marauder if possible. In the meantime, six other planes found the submarine, attacked, and sank her. That evening, Straub entered the area of the sinking to pick up survivors. She was able to recover the submarine's commanding officer, her executive officer, and 18 other crewmen. Late that night, she was forced by darkness to give up the search for Lt. (jg.) Chamberlain, the pilot whose depth charges had finished off both the U-boat and his own aircraft. The prisoners were transferred to Solomons on the next day, 16 June, and TG 41.6 returned to Recife on the 23rd.
Straub continued patrols with Solomons and TG 41.6 until 22 August. At that time, she joined TG 41.7 and carrier Tripoli (CVE-64) and patrolled out of Recife for U-boats until sailing for New York on 15 November. The escort remained in New York from 26 November to 27 December. She then moved via Key West, Florida, to Trinidad. There, between 11 and 30 January 1945, she participated in various tests and exercises.
Returning to Recife on 30 January, she stayed in that port until 5 February when she got underway to escort Omaha (CL-4) on an official visit to Montevideo, Uruguay. Straub escorted her back to Recife between 22 and 28 March and sailed the next day for New York, arriving on 8 April. Following a week's availability at New York, she set sail for Casco Bay, Maine, where she arrived on 15 April. From there, Straub set out for antisubmarine patrols in which she was engaged until 8 May. On that date, the escort reported at New London, Connecticut, for two weeks' duty as a target ship for submarine exercises off New London.
Moving from New London to Norfolk, Virginia, Straub joined convoy UGS-94 as part of its antisubmarine screen. She sailed with the convoy all the way to Mers El Kébir, Algeria, and, after stopping along the way at Horta in the Azores, returned to the United States on 19 June 1945. She underwent repairs at Boston, Massachusetts, from 19 June to 25 July and, after exercises out of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, sailed westward. She transited the Panama Canal on 13 and 14 August and arrived in San Diego, California, on the 24th. During her passage from Panama, Japan capitulated. Three days later, she sailed from San Diego, rendezvoused with Wisconsin (BB-64), and escorted her to Hawaii. Upon arrival in Pearl Harbor on 4 September 1945, Straub was employed in various patrols and as an escort to carriers conducting flight operations. On 4 November, she was assigned duty as a weather station vessel in the Hawaii area. She spent just over two months alternating between Pearl Harbor and weather station duty. Straub weighed anchor on 12 January 1946, transited the Panama Canal on 26 and 27 January, and arrived at New York on 1 February. At the completion of pre-inactivation overhaul, she sailed from New York on 20 February bound for Green Cove Springs, Florida, and there remained with the Atlantic Reserve Fleet until October 1958 when she was shifted to Charleston, South Carolina. Straub was struck from the Navy List on 1 August 1973, sold on 17 July 1974 and subsequently scrapped. A semi-fictional "DE-181" was portrayed in the 1957 film The Enemy Below, starring Robert Mitchum and Curd Jürgens. Named Haynes in the film, she was portrayed by the  Buckley-class destroyer escort Whitehurst (DE-634).  Stock footage of the Straub was used in an episode of Wonder Woman, The Bermuda Triangle Crisis.  It also appeared briefly in an episode of "The Bionic Woman" of part III, Kill Oscar Goldman.


A lump sum contract in construction is one type of construction contract, sometimes referred to as stipulated-sum, where a single price is quoted for an entire project based on plans and specifications and covers the entire project and the owner knows exactly how much the work will cost in advance. This type of contract requires a full and complete set of plans and specifications and includes all the indirect costs plus the profit and the contractor will receive progress payments each month minus retention. The flexibility of this contract is very minimal and changes in design or deviation from the original plans would require a change order paid by the owner.  In this contract the payment is made according to the percentage of work completed.  The lump sum contract is different from guaranteed maximum price in a sense that the contractor is responsible for additional costs beyond the agreed price, however, if the final price is less that the agreed price then the contractor will gain and benefit from the savings.
There are some factors that make for a successful execution of a lump sum contract on a project such as experience and confidence, management skills, communication skills, having a clear work plan, proper list of deliverables, contingency, and dividing the responsibility among the project team.
According to Associated General Contractors of America (AGC), “In a lump sum contract, the owner has essentially assigned all the risk to the contractor, who in turn can be expected to ask for a higher markup in order to take care of unforeseen contingencies. A Contractor under a lump sum agreement will be responsible for the proper job execution and will provide its own means and methods to complete the work.”
In lump sum Contracts or fixed-price contracts, the contractor is evaluating the value of work as per the documents available. Mainly these documents can be specifications and the drawings. In pre-tender stage Contractor evaluates the cost to execute the project (based on the above documents such as drawings, specifications, schedules, tender instruction and the clarification received for the raised queries). And the contrast to these documents Contractor is evaluating and agreeing with the owner (or employer) to complete the works without exceeding the agreed lump sum amount.<PIC> The owner's risk is reduced due to the price of the contract being fixed and variations are not as much like other contracts.
There are fewer change orders and they are reduced.
The bidding and contractor selection is less complicated.
Obtaining construction loans are easier with this type of contract.
The profit margins and percentages are greater for engineers and contractors.
Payments and instalments are made on regular basis which provides the contractor with a reliable cash flow.
Management of the contract is a lot easier for the owner.
It creates an improved communication and relationship between the design team, contractor, and the owner. There is a higher risk for the contractor.
Proper change order documentation is required which could be time-consuming.
Higher fixed price due to unforeseen conditions.
The contractor selection usually takes longer.
The design has to be completed before the start of activities.
Change orders could be rejected by the owner.
It increases the adversarial relationship among the stakeholders of the project.
The contractor has a freedom to choose its own methods.
Potential for disputes between the client and the contractor, due to for example unbalanced bids, change orders, design changes, and compensation for early completion. Variations occur due to fluctuation in prices and inflation, provisional items, statutory fees, relevant events such as failure of the owner to deliver goods, etc. Where the cost of a specific activity is identified as a "provisional sum", a variation in actual cost may be accepted by the employer.
Variations are typically broken down into two categories, beneficial and detrimental, where the former is for improvement of work quality, cost and schedule reduction, and the latter is a negative change in performance or quality of work due to client's financial difficulties. There are many reasons for variations to occur but main causes are normally due to omission in design, inadequate design, changes in specifications and scope, and lack of coordination and communication among the stakeholders.


Heath and Reach is an English village and civil parish near the Chiltern Hills in Bedfordshire. It is 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Leighton Buzzard and 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Woburn and adjoins the county boundary with Buckinghamshire. Nearby places are Leighton-Linslade, Great Brickhill and the Duke of Bedford's Woburn Abbey, Woburn Safari Park and Woburn Golf Club.
St Leonard's Church dates from the 1580s.
Located 40 miles (64 km) from central London, the village is 6 miles (9.7 km) from the M1 and benefits from a non-stop fast train from nearby Leighton Buzzard to Euston in just 30 minutes.<PIC> There was a sizeable Roman settlement at Heath and Reach. Fragments of pottery, coins and traces of buildings were found in 1971 near Overend Green Farm, by the Roman road, Watling Street. The village was originally two small hamlets in the Royal Manor of Leighton and records are found for Heath in 1220 and Reach in 1216.
Heath and Reach was part of the parish of Leighton and was the property of the King of England. In 1539 a Muster Roll during the reign of Henry VIII listed the fighting men of the village, those aged 16–60, as "25 males who could be relied upon to fight in Henry's wars with France and the defence of Calais."
As a prominent Royalist, Lord Leigh's estates were seized in 1644 and given to Parliamentarians: the Royal Manor of Leighton, which included Heath and Reach, handed to Colonel John Okey, commander of the New Model Army dragoons and a signatory to the execution of Charles I. When Okey was executed for treason at the 1660 Restoration Charles II transferred the royal manor lease back to Lord Leigh whose line continued as lords of the manor into the 19th century.
Lieutenant Robert Strong, who was killed in action near Ypres in 1915, was from Heath and Reach. First born son of Robert Strong of Gig Lane, Robert Jr was British Army bandmaster in India prior to the war and a noted sportsman. Lieutenant Arthur Pearson was also from Heath and Reach, a pilot of 29 Squadron, Royal Flying Corps, was awarded the Military Cross in the Battle of the Somme for "conspicuous gallantry". He was shot down in flames and killed 1917 by von Richthofen. 'Heath and Reach' is the name of the constituency that sends a Councillor to Central Bedfordshire Council. It includes the villages of Heath and Reach, Hockliffe, Eggington, Stanbridge, Tilsworth, Tebworth and Wingfield. The seat has been held by Councillor Mark Versallion since its creation in 2011. The parish is bounded in the south-west by the River Ouzel, in the north-east by the A5 (Watling Street), and includes the Kings's Wood nature reserve and the 400 acres (160 ha) Rushmere Country Park woods. The highest point is 480 feet (150 m) above sea level. 'Heath and Reach' is also included in the postal addresses of properties in nearby Old Linslade The village lower school St Leonard's was founded in 1846 by the Church of England and educates 100 children aged 4–9. There is also an on-site pre-school. The school's key stage 1 results remain "exceptionally above national and local averages" and Ofsted rate the school Outstanding. The village's annual Pancake Race organised every Shrove Tuesday by the Heath and Reach Women's Institute is a major feature of village life, raising money for charity. Leighton Buzzard Children's Theatre, run by Sally and David Allsopp, has been based in Heath and Reach since 1992. The group has raised over £90,000 for various charities through musical theatre and drama productions starring local children aged 4 to 18 who regularly perform at the local Library Theatre and School Theatres. There are 570 homes in the parish and besides the church, school and golf club, the village has two pubs and a village store and a thriving Royal British Legion. There is also a sports association with tennis courts, playing fields and pavilion and a separate recreation ground. The village benefits from several community use meadows, public footpaths and bridleways. There is also a fishing club at the ten-acre Jones Lakes. Leighton Buzzard Golf Club lies just to the southwest of the village. Heath and Reach is also home to a heritage narrow gauge railway, which maintains the largest collection of narrow-gauge locomotives in the UK. There are 26 structures within Heath and Reach civil parish that are listed by Historic England for their historical or architectural interest. No building is listed as Grade I, the designation of highest significance, and Heath Manor is listed as Grade II*. The disused quarry on the outskirts of Heath and Reach has been used for film purposes, most notably The Mummy Returns (2001), The Da Vinci Code (2006), and Singularity (2012). The world relay gold medalist and TV presenter Kriss Akabusi MBE lives in Heath and Reach.


Callum Hawkins (born 22 June 1992) is a British distance runner, who competed in the marathon at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He is the Scottish record holder in the marathon and the British all-time number three at that distance behind Mo Farah and Steve Jones. Hawkins is also the all-time Great Britain number two (and European all-time number six) in the half marathon. He is the Great Scottish Run course record holder and was the first British man to win that event in 23 years. Hawkins was born on 22 June 1992 in Elderslie near Paisley. He has two elder brothers [Scott Hawkins, Derek. Callum and Derek were encouraged to take up distance running, and are trained by their father Robert, a former international runner. In 2010–2012 Hawkins competed for the Butler University in the United States, earning all-American status, and winning the 2011 Men's Athlete of the Year award for the Great Lakes Region. He was the first athlete from the Butler University to win the award. After that he studied mechanical engineering at the University of the West of Scotland. Some time before 2013 he had two surgeries on his left knee. At the 2010 IAAF World Cross Country Championships held in Bydgoszcz, Poland, Hawkins finished 47th in the junior men's race in a time of 24 minutes and 21 seconds.
In 2013 he finished seventh in the men's under-23's race at the European Cross Country Championships. At the 2014 European Cross Country Championships he improved to a fifth-place finish in the under-23's race.
Hawkins competed at the 2014 Commonwealth Games held in Glasgow, Scotland, representing the host nation in the men's 10,000 metres, finishing 20th.
In October 2015 he finished the Great Scottish Run in a time of one hour two minutes and 42 seconds, setting a personal best to in second place overall behind Uganda's Moses Kipsiro and winning the gold medal for Scottish athletes. Later that month he competed in his first marathon in Frankfurt, finishing twelfth in two hours 12 minutes and 17 seconds, in a race won by Ethiopia's Sisay Lemma.
At the 2016 London Marathon, his second event over the distance, Hawkins finished eighth overall, and was the first British-qualified athlete to finish, in a time of two hours 10 minutes and 52 seconds. This time was inside the qualifying time of two hours 14 minutes needed to earn him a place in the Great Britain team for the 2016 Summer Olympics to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He was joined in the men's marathon by fellow British athletes, Tsegai Tewelde and his brother Derek Hawkins.
Hawkins finished ninth in the marathon at the 2016 Olympics in a time of 2:11:52.
In October 2016 he again ran the Great Scottish Run and this time was the overall winner of the event in 1:00:24. This would have been a new Scottish half-marathon record, but the race was found to be 150 m short, which invalidated the result.
In January 2017 he became the first British athlete to beat Mo Farah in any race for 7 years at the Great Edinburgh International Cross Country race, which has been held annually since 2005. In fact Callum was 2nd in this race overall (with Farah in 7th) - Callum had put in a strong performance to lead for most of the race, but was out-sprinted by Leonard Korir in the final straight.
In February 2017 Hawkins won the Kagawa Marugame Half Marathon in Japan, in 60:00, setting a new Scottish half-marathon record. The previous record was set by Allister Hutton in 1987.
In August 2017 Hawkins finished 4th in the men's marathon at the 2017 World Championships, equalling the best ever performance by a British runner in this event.
Hawkins competed at the 2018 Commonwealth Games held in Gold Coast, Australia, and collapsed near the finish while leading, from heat exhaustion in 30 degree heat.
Hawkins came fourth in the men's marathon at the 2019 World Athletics Championships, the same placing as in 2017.  He competed in the men's marathon at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.<PIC>


Maria Vladimirovna Mukhortova (Russian: Мария Владимировна Мухортова; born 20 November 1985) is a Russian pair skater. With former partner Maxim Trankov, she is the 2008 European silver medalist, a five-time Grand Prix medalist (including one gold medal at Trophée Eric Bompard), 2005 World Junior champion, 2004 Junior Grand Prix Final champion, and 2007 Russian national champion. In her early career, she competed with Egor Golovkin and Pavel Lebedev. She also competed one season with Jérôme Blanchard. Mukhortova was born in Saint Petersburg but began skating in her father's hometown of Lipetsk when she was 6 years old. She became attracted to pair skating, however, there were no related opportunities in Lipetsk so her mother took her back to Saint Petersburg when she was thirteen.  Mukhortova and Maxim Trankov trained in the same practice group under coaches Ludmila Velikova and Nikolai Velikov, but with different partners. Mukhortova first competed with Pavel Lebedev during the 2001–02 and the 2002–03 season, skating with him on the ISU Junior Grand Prix and finishing fourth at the 2002 and 2003 World Junior Championships. The pair had frequent arguments but due to good results, Mukhortova initially declined to switch partners, however, a year later in 2003, she accepted Trankov's suggestion to skate together. In their first season together, they won the bronze medal at the Junior Grand Prix Final and the 2004 World Junior Championships. The following season, they competed on both the Grand Prix and Junior Grand Prix and won the 2005 World Junior Championships. In the 2005–06 Olympic season, they were assigned to the 2006 World Championships after Tatiana Totmianina / Maxim Marinin withdrew. They placed 12th in their debut at the event.
After the 2005–06 season, Mukhortova and Trankov switched coaches to Tamara Moskvina. In August 2006, Artur Dmitriev became their coach and in December 2006 they moved to Oleg Vasiliev.
In the 2006–07 season, Mukhortova and Trankov won the 2007 Russian Nationals, but were forced to miss the Europeans after she suffered an injury in practice. They returned in time for the 2007 Worlds, moving up one place to 11th. The following season, they won the silver medal at the 2008 Europeans and finished 7th at the 2008 Worlds. They had to take a short break in the middle of their long program at Worlds because Trankov was suffering from swelling in his arm, but returned to complete their skate after some alterations to his costume.
In the 2008-09 season, Mukhortova and Trankov qualified for their first Grand Prix Final, won a bronze medal at the 2009 European Championships, and moved up to 5th place at the World Championships.
For the 2009-10 season, the pair was assigned to the 2009 Trophée Eric Bompard, where they set a new overall personal best score and defeated two-time world champions Aliona Savchenko & Robin Szolkowy. Their second Grand Prix event was the 2009 Skate Canada where they placed second. They won another bronze medal at the 2010 European Championships but finished a disappointing seventh at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games. At the 2010 World Championships held in Turin, Italy, in March 2010 they finished in 4th place. Shortly thereafter, the pair ended their partnership.<PIC> In May 2010, it was announced that she had teamed up with Jérôme Blanchard to compete for Russia. At the 2011 Russian Championships, they finished 7th overall. In February 2011, their coach Oleg Vasiliev said they had taken some time off due to funding issues. On March 4, Vasiliev confirmed their partnership had ended; Mukhortova would consider competing with a new partner or move into show skating. Mukhortova joined the Russian Ice Stars in 2011.


C-STEM (Center for Integrated Computing and STEM Education) is a UC Approved Educational Preparation Program for Undergraduate Admission for all UC campuses, meaning that participation in the C-STEM program is recognized in the UC admissions process as achievements that have explicitly prepared students for college and career. C-STEM has University of California A-G Program Status. High schools can easily add the A-G approved rigorous C-STEM curriculum to their own school’s A-G course lists to satisfy the UC/CSU admission requirements.
The C-STEM center is located on the University of California – Davis campus. The Center aims to transform computing, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (C-STEM) education in both formal and informal K-14 programs through integrated learning, guided by two key objectives:
Close the achievement gap by broadening participation of students traditionally underrepresented in computing and STEM related careers and post-secondary study.
Develop students’ 21st century problem-solving skills to tackle real world concerns through integrated computing and STEM education.
The C-STEM Center has developed innovative educational technology C-STEM Studio  and RoboBlockly with computing in C/C++ for K-14 hands-on integrated learning.
C-STEM Studio is a platform for teaching computing, science, technology, engineering and mathematics with robotics (Barobo Linkbot, Lego Mindstorms NXT, EV3, and Arduino boards). RoboBlockly is a web-based robot simulation for learning coding and math. The Center has also developed integrated C-STEM curriculum that integrates computing and robotics into Common Core compliant math courses with coding and math activities for grades 1 through 9.
The vision of the C-STEM is to provide formal computing education for all K-12 students. C-STEM ICT Pathway provides 12-years computer science education for K-12 students. The Pathway includes robotics and math with coding activities in RoboBlockly and C/C++ for elementary school students, rigorous Computer Programming course for middle school students, and Computer Programming courses and AP Computer Science Principles for high school students.
One of goals for the C-STEM program is to provide formal computing education for all K-12 students.  The C-STEM Center studies how to use innovative computing and robotics technologies to increase student interest and help them learn STEM subjects with an emphasis on Algebra, a gatekeeper for high-school graduation, university education and careers in STEM fields. The C-STEM program helps close the achievement gap, engages traditionally unrepresented groups and at risk students in learning STEM subjects while preparing all students to be career and college ready.
The C-STEM Center provides unique professional development for teachers without any prior computing experience through C-STEM 2-Day Academy, On-Site Training, 1-Week Institute, and Train-the-Trainer program to integrate computing and robotics into their classroom teaching. The annual C-STEM Day is organized to build public awareness and advocate for Integrated Computing and STEM education. The C-STEM Center and its partners organize curriculum-based RoboPlay Competitions on C-STEM Day, typically held at the end of May each year, to further engage students in project-based team activities and to showcase their accomplishments and creativity in not only math and engineering, but also in writing, art, music and film production. Various C-STEM awards and scholarships are presented at the awards ceremonies to outstanding students to recognize their achievement and inspire them to pursue computing and STEM related careers and post-secondary study.<PIC> The one-week GIRL Camps in summer are designed to inspire girls in middle school to pursue computing and STEM related careers and post-secondary studies through near-peer mentoring with fun and exciting robotics activities. The girls also learn leadership and communication skills and meet inspiring women leaders working with science and technology to gain exposure to the variety of opportunities available to them. The annual C-STEM Conference on Integrated Computing and STEM Education provides a forum for educators to discuss the current educational landscape as well as issues related to integrated learning in computing and STEM education.  Participants share their views, experiences and best practices, are given opportunities to discuss and influence the future direction of integrated computing, and STEM education.


Infante Henry of Aragon (1400 – 15 June 1445), 1st Duke of Villena, 4th Count of Alburquerque, Count of Ampurias, was the Grand Master of the Order of Santiago.<PIC> A member of the House of Trastamara, Henry was the third son of King Ferdinand I of Aragon and Eleanor of Alburquerque, 3rd Countess of Alburquerque. His older brothers were King Alfonso V of Aragon and King John II of Navarre but Henry's main estates were in Castile, left to him by his parents. As a child, Infante Henry came to the Castilian royal court, his paternal uncle, King Henry III of Castile, having secured a place for him in the royal council of Henry's five years younger cousin, King John II of Castile.
In 1409, Lorenzo Suárez de Figueroa, Grand Master of the Order of Santiago, died. Infante Henry was proclaimed the new Grand Master despite being a child of merely nine years. After the death of his aunt, Catherine of Lancaster, Henry aspired to influence his weak cousin John's reign and get a grip on power. In November 1418, Henry married his first cousin, Infanta Catherine of Castile, the sister of King John II of Castile. The marriage was a part of an agreement by which Henry's older brother Alfonso V married Catherine's older sister Maria and by which Henry's sister Maria married Catherine's brother John II. Marriage to the King's sister increased Henry's power even more, to the point that the King began to consider him a threat and started seeking support in Álvaro de Luna. In 1420, Henry, with the help of some other noblemen, laid siege to the castle in which John II was residing, claiming that the King had been kidnapped by de Luna and demanding the King's surrender. After a few days, however, he lost the support of the noblemen and had to give up. The Infante was arrested and charged with treason and imprisoned in the Castle of Mora. He was released thanks to the efforts of his brother, after which he fled into exile.
After Álvaro de Luna was disgraced in 1427, Henry regained some of his former power. He and his wife returned to Castile to claim her inheritance and they were successful; having already been granted the Dukedom of Villena by her brother, they received the rest of her dowry. In 1429, his brothers, the King of Aragon and the King of Navarre, declared war on Castile and had the Duke of Villena's support. The war was avoided thanks to their sister Maria's efforts. Henry then had to flee again, this time seeking shelter in the Kingdom of Naples. Alfonso was there fighting for the crown of Naples. Villena was helping Alfonso when he was imprisoned in August 1435 after a battle along with him and their brother John. They were again liberated thanks to the efforts of their sister, the Queen of Castile.
His mother died in 1435, having willed her comital title to Henry. The new Count of Alburquerque returned to Castile one last time in 1438, after an uprising of the noblemen. He took part in the uprising and armed conflicts with his brother-in-law. In October 1439, his wife Catherine died after suffering a miscarriage. Their marriage was childless and her brother confiscated the Dukedom of Villena which he had given to her. Shortly thereafter, the widowed Infante married Beatriz de Pimentel, by whom he had one child:
Henry of Aragon (1445–1522), 1st Duke of Segorbe, whose granddaughter Anne was the last member of the House of Trastamara.
In 1445, Henry took part in the First Battle of Olmedo, helping his brother, the King of Navarre, against their brother-in-law, the King of Castile. According to one theory, the King of Navarre planned to conquer the southern part of the Kingdom of Castile and proclaim Henry its king. However, Henry was wounded and died of infection a few weeks later.


Cory Fulton Lidle (March 22, 1972 – October 11, 2006) was an American professional baseball player. A right-handed pitcher, Lidle played in Major League Baseball with the New York Mets, Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Oakland Athletics, Toronto Blue Jays, Cincinnati Reds, Philadelphia Phillies and the New York Yankees from 1997 to 2006. Lidle was killed when the small aircraft he owned crashed into a residential building in New York City. Lidle graduated from South Hills High School in West Covina, California in 1990. He was a high school teammate of future major leaguers Jason Giambi and Aaron Small. Lidle was not drafted by any baseball teams, but he was signed by the Minnesota Twins as an amateur free agent. He was released in 1993 and spent a season playing for the unaffiliated Pocatello Posse in Idaho while bartending. After one season in Pocatello, he was signed by the Milwaukee Brewers. Due to his participation as a replacement player during the 1994 Major League Baseball strike, he was ineligible to join the Major League Baseball Players Association. In 1996, Lidle was traded to the New York Mets. Lidle made his major league debut on May 8, 1997 with the Mets. He became a trusted relief pitcher that season, going 7-1 with a 3.19 earned run average out of the bullpen. Lidle had arm surgery in 1998. Lidle later played for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Oakland Athletics, Toronto Blue Jays, Cincinnati Reds, Philadelphia Phillies and New York Yankees. His best season was 2001, when he achieved a 13-6 record with a 3.59 ERA (10th in the American League) for Oakland, helping the Athletics win the wild card. In August 2002, he gave up only one run during the whole month (setting Oakland's record for consecutive innings without an earned run), won all five of his starts, and was one of the prime movers in the A's historic run of 20 straight wins. It was on this Oakland team where Lidle earned the nickname "Snacks", for his apparent love of "inhaling" junk food in the bullpen.
After the 2002 season, Lidle was traded to the Toronto Blue Jays, for whom he played one season. In 2003, Lidle led the major leagues with 123 earned runs allowed and had a 5.75 ERA that was the worst among qualified starters. Lidle then signed with the Cincinnati Reds, who later traded him to the Philadelphia Phillies.
Lidle played for the Phillies for parts of three seasons, amassing a record of 26-20. On July 30, 2006, Lidle was traded along with outfielder Bobby Abreu from the Philadelphia Phillies to the New York Yankees for minor league shortstop C. J. Henry, the Yankees' first round pick in the 2005 draft, along with left-handed reliever Matt Smith, minor league catcher Jesús Sánchez, and minor league right-hander Carlos Monasterios. After being traded, he criticized his former team, stating: "On the days I'm pitching, it's almost a coin flip as to know if the guys behind me are going to be there to play 100 percent." He noted his excitement to join a Yankees team that expected to win. In his first start for the Yankees, Lidle went six innings, giving up one run on four hits en route to an 8-1 Yankee victory as part of a sweep against the Toronto Blue Jays. On August 21, 2006, he went six three-hit shutout innings, completing an improbable five-game sweep (in four days) over the then second place Boston Red Sox (who went from 1+1⁄2 games behind to 6+1⁄2  games behind).
Lidle "became known for his outspoken nature, challenging the legitimacy of Barry Bonds’s home run records" in a 2006 interview.
On October 7, in his final game (Game Four of the 2006 ALDS), Lidle lasted only an inning and a third, allowing three earned runs on four hits as the Yankees lost to the Detroit Tigers, 8-3. He was criticized for telling a reporter, "We got matched up with a team that, I think, was a little more ready to play than we were," which was taken by some as a jab at manager Joe Torre. For damage control, he called the radio talk show Mike and the Mad Dog and gave an extended defense of himself and the Yankees; the interview became contentious.
In his major league career, Lidle had a 82-72 record with a 4.57 earned run average.<PIC> Lidle was married and had one son. He and his wife, Melanie (nee Varela), were married in 1997. Their son, Christopher Taylor Lidle, was born September 18, 2000.
Lidle was a descendant of Robert Fulton, the inventor of the steamboat, as reflected in his middle name. Lidle's twin brother, Kevin, also played baseball, as a catcher and pitcher for various minor league teams between 1992 and 2002, and for an independent team in 2005. On October 11, 2006, Lidle and co-pilot/flight instructor Tyler Stanger were flying a Cirrus SR20 airplane when it crashed into the Belaire Apartments complex at 524 East 72nd Street on New York City's Upper East Side, killing them both. The plane was flying above the East River past the Queensboro Bridge toward restricted airspace. A strong wind from the east due to an incoming front caused the plane to be blown into the building as it was making a 180-degree turn. In addition to the deaths of Lidle and Stanger, 26 were injured in the accident, about half of them New York City firefighters.
Lidle was the third Yankee to die in a plane crash. The prior two were catcher Thurman Munson (on August 2, 1979) and pitcher Jim Hardin (on March 9, 1991). Yankees owner George Steinbrenner described Lidle's death as a "terrible and shocking tragedy that has stunned the entire Yankees organization" and offered his condolences to Lidle's wife and six-year-old son. On October 12, 2006, before the 2006 NLCS game in New York City between the New York Mets and the St. Louis Cardinals, both teams and all spectators observed a moment of silence in Lidle's memory.
The Yankees wore black armbands during the entire 2007 season in memory of Lidle. On April 2, 2007, Cory's widow Melanie and his son Christopher both threw the ceremonial first pitch on Opening Day at Yankee Stadium.


Marcelo dos Santos (born 17 May 1975), known as Marcelinho Paraíba or simply Marcelinho, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder, and is manager of Treze.
In Brazil, he is also known as Marcelinho Paraíba, which refers to the state in which he was born, as a means to distinguish himself from other players also called "Marcelinho". He was one of the best playmakers in the Bundesliga because of his extravagant skills that include his visionary passing, abundance of tricks, and his world-class technique. Born in Campina Grande, Paraíba, Marcelinho Paraíba began his career in Campinense, where he won two league titles there. Between 1994 and 1995, he played for Santos. Two years later, however, he made his breakthrough at São Paulo, where he won two Paulistões before being sold to Olympique de Marseille.
He only spent a year in France, and in 2001 he returned to Brazil to play for Grêmio, where he began to experience the pinnacle of his career. At that time, Marcelinho Paraiba was called "Marcelinho Paraúcho" by Gremistas, because of his passage in the team. He became champion and top scorer of the Campeonato Gaúcho, and champion of the Copa do Brasil, where he scored a goal in the second game in the final against Corinthians, but did not play in the league that year because before the tournament, he signed a five-year contract with Hertha BSC.
Marcelinho played for Hertha from 2001 to 2006. He is ranked among the most important players in the association's history and there Marcelinho was known as a technically talented player, serving as a playmaker and leader while performing in both the midfield and forward area. In addition, he carried the responsibility of executing the free kicks, corner kicks, and penalty kicks of the club. The personal trademarks of this extravagant football player are his usually remarkable shoes and his often multicolored hair. He was capped fives times for the Brazil national football team, for which he scored once. At the beginning of the 2006–07 season, he arbitrarily extended his off-season vacation by nine days, which led to some slight tension with the Hertha association management. After Marcelinho had expressed himself, in the following the days, contradictory statements as to whether he wanted to remain at Hertha or not, he ended his term with them, signing a three-year contract with Turkish club Trabzonspor for approximately 2.5 million euros.
In August 2008, Marcelinho Paraíba returned to Brazil to play for Flamengo. On 6 March 2009, Coritiba signed the forward on a free transfer until the end of the year, as Marcelinho terminated his contract with Flamengo. After the relegation of Coritiba, he re-signed for São Paulo on 18 December 2009. On 9 August 2010, he was loaned to Sport till the end of the 2010 season and his contract was extended to the end of the 2011 season.
Marcelinho subsequently represented Sport, Boa Esporte, Fortaleza, Internacional de Lages (two stints), Joinville, Oeste, Ypiranga de Erechim Treze and Portuguesa.<PIC> On 15 March 2020, he announced his retirement as a professional player, playing for Perilima against Centro Sportivo Paraibano in the eighth round of the 2020 Campeonato Paraibano; however, eight months later, he changed his mind and rejoined Treze in an effort to help them avoid relegation. He made his first appearance since returning from retirement on 28 November as a half-time substitute in a 1–1 draw with Vila Nova, being substituted himself in the 78th minute.  On 10 December 2020, after Treze suffered relegation from the 2020 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C, Marcelinho was appointed manager of the club for the 2021 campaign. Despite a promising start in the 2021 Copa do Nordeste, he couldn't arrest a drop in performance which saw his side finish fourth in the first stage of the 2021 Campeonato Paraibano, and on 24 May 2021 he was dismissed. He joined Sport-PB as manager in September 2021. He was in role for only 15 days before resigning due to off-field problems. In late October 2021 he was announced as the coach of Oeirense for the 2022 season. He was sacked in February 2022, after six games of the season, following a heavy defeat. On 11 March 2022 he was announced as coach of Treze for a second time.  Campinense
Campeonato Paraibano: 1991, 1993
São Paulo
Campeonato Paulista: 1998, 2000
Grêmio
Campeonato Gaúcho: 2001
Copa do Brasil: 2001
Hertha BSC
DFB-Ligapokal: 2001, 2002
Boa Esporte
Taça Minas Gerais: 2012 kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season: 2002–03, 2004–05