Nicholas Gunn is a classically trained songwriter, lyricist, and music producer. He is known for his originating instrumental works and his current works featuring vocalists from the electronic music space across Trance, Melodic House, and Chill. He is also the owner of Blue Dot Studios, a record label and music publishing company, based in Los Angeles, California.<PIC> Nicholas Graham Gunn was born in Rochester, Kent in South East England. He studied flute under a formal classical education from age seven till age eleven when his family moved to Southern California.  After moving to Southern California Gunn continued his classical flute studies under private instruction.  During junior high school and high school Gunn played wind ensemble in the band during concert season and drums and percussion during the marching season.  After high school Gunn sidestepped music for a year, focusing his efforts towards modeling and acting which led to a small role on the national TV show Freddy's Nightmares as Monkey Puke Stone on season 2 episode 11 "Dreams That Kill". Early on Gunn found himself immersed in a passion for recording his own instrumental style of music. Gunn shunned popular terms such as New Age and the connotation associated with his own music, preferring the term Instrumental or World Music.  After unsuccessful attempts to obtain a recording deal from submissions, Gunn self-released his debut recording Afternoon in Sedona in 1992.  With national radio starting to escalate and CD sales starting to occur, Gunn received interest from nature retail chain Natural Wonders, which led him to a record deal with Sausalito, California-based instrumental music label Real Music.
Re-released under Real Music in 1993, Afternoon in Sedona became an instant best seller at national retail chains such as The Nature Company and Natural Wonders. It was his second album, The Sacred Fire, released in 1994, that first landed Gunn on the Billboard charts for New Age Album, where it ran for five weeks and peaked at number ten.
Taking part in Real Music's "National Park Series", Gunn's third album, The Music of the Grand Canyon, was released in 1995 and sold over 100,000 copies its first year. Once again Gunn found himself Top Ten on the Billboard charts and charted for fourteen weeks. Outside of Real Music and the "National Park Series", Gunn has gone on to release numerous albums influenced by the beauty of America's landscape and parks, such as Return to Grand Canyon (1999), Through the Great Smoky Mountains (2002), Journey to Yellowstone (2003), and Beyond Grand Canyon (2006).  Beyond Grand Canyon was also released as a DVD, in which Gunn paired his musical compositions with photography of the Grand Canyon taken by Michael Fatali, creating a unique audio-visual experience.
On Crossroads, his fourth album released in 1996, Gunn began to incorporate a Latin influence into his sound, a theme which has subsequently embraced a number of his other albums, most notably Breathe (2004) and Encanto (2007), on which he collaborated with award-winning Latin guitarist Johannes Linstead.  It was also on his 14th album, Thirty-One Nights, that he heavily incorporated this Latin influence working with Flamenco guitarist, Chris Fossek. Inspired by his trip to Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, the album also features Spanish spoken word.  Released on 11 September 2012, Thirty-One Nights charted No. 8 on the Billboard chart in its debut week. It was also chosen by John Diliberto and Echoes as one of the Top 25 Albums for October 2012.
Since 1991, Gunn has sold millions of copies of his instrumental music albums, an impressive feat considering that the marketing of his albums have mostly bypassed the traditional route of radio and mainstream outlets, finding large success through niche retail chains such as the Nature Company, Natural Wonders, and gift stores throughout the National Parks.
Gunn began combining his electronic sound with his instrumental roots in 2015 with the release of Under the Influence of Music. In his subsequent singles, Ibiza Sunset and Saint Lucia, one can hear his classic instrumental "Nicholas Gunn" sound moving into a more Ambient / Electronic space.
In 2018, Gunn continued this transition towards a more electronic sound and began introducing his own style of vocals and lyric writing. Older (feat. Alina Renae), released in 2018, showcases his first vocal-driven track under his Nicholas Gunn solo career. This was followed by the album, Riding the Thermals, which features four vocal tracks by the vocalist Alina Renae. Riding the Thermals went on to peak at #6 on the USA iTunes Electronic Albums and #22 on Brazil's iTunes Best Selling Albums, amongst others. On April 24, 2020, Gunn continued to shape his vocal ambient/electronic sound with the release of his 20th studio recording, Pacific Blue, which again features four vocal tracks by singer Alina Renae, and on February 12, 2021, he released Sound Condition, a compilation of 10 new songs, also featuring Renae's vocals. Gunn quickly immersed himself into electronic music by founding the musical act Limelght with then collaborator and partner, Tanner Wilfong. The duo released music under the moniker Limelght from 2017 through 2019 until the act was retired. In 2020 Gunn then began transitioning his ambient sound towards a more electronic House and Chill sound, featuring vocalists from around the globe. Gaining attention from electronic music label giant, Armada Music, Gunn expanded his reach and musical style by releasing music on this trend setting label. His track Higher with musical act York featuring world renowned vocalist Sam Martin as well as California featuring Chris Howard and Sensing You with AVIRA all debuted on Armada Music in 2021. Remixes from industry dance legends such as Richard Durand and Giuseppe Ottaviani have gone on to become favorites on A State of Trance which is followed by over 40 million listeners per week. Gunn has emerged as one the leading songwriters and lyricists within the electronic music space, writing music behind the scenes for such renowned artists as Armin van Buuren, Aly & Fila, Luke Bond and many more. In 2021 Gunn's song, For All Time (feat Kazi Jay) was voted Tune of the Year by fans on A State of Trance. In January 2019, after a hiatus from owning and operating his own label, Gunn saw an opportunity to remerge as a label owner and entrepreneur and started Blue Dot Studios, a record label focused on individuality and artistry based in Los Angeles, CA. The labels' first release, in 2019, was Gunn's own album Riding the Thermals. This was followed by the release of artist Little Warrior, and her album Lovesick, and then a single titled Time for Peace by artist Anna B May.
In 2020, Gunn released his album Pacific Blue which won several accolades including the Zone Music Reporter Best Chill/Groove Album of the year. In 2021 Gunn released Sound Condition which continued to express his continued desire to work with lyrics and vocalists.
In 2020, Blue Dot Studios expanded upon its relationship with Sony The Orchard and entered into an exclusive publishing administration deal with Sony / ATV. Today, Blue Dot Studios continues to thrive distributing several labels with many releases each month. Over the course of his career, Gunn has consistently monetarily contributed to the National Park systems. Along with record label Real Music, Gunn donated a portion of the proceeds from each sale of The Music of the Grand Canyon to the Grand Canyon Association. To date, in excess of $130,000 has been donated from sales. Gunn also named the American Lung Association as a beneficiary of a portion of sales from his album Breathe.  1993 – Afternoon in Sedona
1994 – The Sacred Fire
1995 – The Music of the Grand Canyon
1996 – Crossroads
1998 – Passion in My Heart
1999 – Return to Grand Canyon
2001 – The Great Southwest
2002 – Through the Great Smoky Mountains: A Musical Journey
2002 – A Christmas Classic
2003 – Journey to Yellowstone
2004 – Breathe
2006 – Beyond Grand Canyon
2007 – Encanto (Johannes Linstead and Nicholas Gunn)
2012 – Thirty-One Nights
2013 – Twenty Years of Discovery
2015 – Beauty (single from series Under the Influence of Music)
2016 – Nature (single from series Under the Influence of Music)
2016 – Love (single from series Under the Influence of Music)
2016 – Reflection (single from series Under the Influence of Music)
2016 – Celtic Wedding Processional
2016 – Passion (single from series Under the Influence of Music)
2016 – Material (single from series Under the Influence of Music)
2016 – Under the Influence of Music: The Complete Series
2017 – Ibiza Sunset (single)
2017 – Saint Lucia (single)
2017 – Don't Leave Me Now (single) Limelght
2018 – Older (feat. Alina Renae) (single)
2018 – Canis Major (single) Limelght
2018 – Intoxicated featuring Alina Renae (single) Limelght
2018 – Right Now featuring Alina Renae (single) Limelght
2018 – We Are Light featuring Alina Renae (single) Limelght
2018 – Run and Hide featuring Alina Renae (single) Limelght
2018 – Don't Leave Me Now, Tom Fall Remix (single) Limelght
2018 – Little Warrior – Where Did You Go, Limelght Remix (single) Limelght
2019 – Riding the Thermals (Studio Album)
2019 – Riding the Thermals (Deluxe Edition)
2019 – Nicholas Gunn – I'm Coming Home, Limelght Remix (single) Limelght
2019 – Those Summer Days featuring Jaik Willis (single) Limelght
2019 – Run ands Hide, The Remixes (singles) Limelght
2020 – Pacific Blue (Studio Album)
2021 – Sound Condition (Studio Album)
2021 – Higher with York featuring Sam Martin (single)
2021 – Broken featuring Alina Renae, Giuseppe Ottaviani Remix (single)
2021 – Angels featuring Alina Renae, Scorz Remix (single)
2021 – California featuring Chris Howard (single)
2021 – Sensing You with AVIRA (single)
2021 – Beautiful Mind (single)


lzip is a free, command-line tool for the compression of data; it employs the Lempel–Ziv–Markov chain algorithm (LZMA) with a user interface that is familiar to users of usual Unix compression tools, such as gzip and bzip2.
Like gzip and bzip2, concatenation is supported to compress multiple files, but the convention is to bundle a file that is an archive itself, such as those created by the tar or cpio Unix programs. Lzip can split the output for the creation of multivolume archives.
The file that is produced by lzip is usually given .lz as its filename extension, and the data is described by the media type application/lzip.
The lzip suite of programs was written in C++ and C by Antonio Diaz Diaz and is being distributed as free software under the terms of version 2 or later of the GNU General Public License (GPL).<PIC> 7-Zip was released in 2000; a tool employing LZMA first became available on Unix-like operating systems in 2004 when a port of the command-line version of 7-Zip (p7zip) was released. In the same year, the LZMA SDK became available, which included the program called “lzma_alone”; less than a year later, Lasse Collin released LZMA Utils, which at first only consisted of a set of wrapper scripts implementing a gzip-like interface to lzma_alone. In 2008, Antonio Diaz Diaz released lzip, which uses a container format with checksums and magic numbers instead of the raw LZMA data stream, providing a complete Unix-style solution for using LZMA. Nevertheless, LZMA Utils was extended to have similar features and then renamed to XZ Utils.  lzip is capable of creating archives with independently decompressible data sections called a "multimember archive" (as well as split output for the creation of multivolume archives). For example, if the underlying file is a tar archive, this can allow extracting any undamaged files, even if other parts of the archive are damaged.
As for the file format, special emphasis has been put on enabling integrity checks by means of an integrated 32-bit checksum for each compressed stream; this is used in combination with the lziprecover program to detect and reconstruct damaged data. This recovery tool can merge multiple copies of an archive where each copy may have damage in a different part of the file. lzip has two parallel interfaces provided in the default distribution.
plzip compresses any file in a parallel way. Using it with tar is insufficient, since the conventional tar program needs the entire stream before a file to locate it for decompression, resulting in non-parallel extraction.
tarlz combines tar and lzip into a parallel archiver much like modern archivers like RAR or 7-Zip. The solid compression blocks align with tar file boundaries, so extracting a file only requires decompressing that particular member block.  In popular Linux distributions, lzip can usually be installed from official package repositories.
Cygwin offers lzip as a maintained optional package (Archive category of its setup installer), and its GNU tar utility program has support for .lz archives (with --lzip option for creation). MinGW-w64 distributes lzip through a maintained package in MSYS2 (pacman -S lzip).
Lzip is also available for Android in a terminal-interface which was ported by Master-Console Inc. The GNU Autotools support lzip.  Adding dist-lzip to AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE will build lzip-ed tarballs.
Versions 1.23 and newer of GNU tar support using lzip to handle compressed files transparently.
GNOME's archiving tool, Archive Manager, supports lzip files. The Linux distribution Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre employs lzip for its software packages.
Lzip is used to distribute the Time Zone Database from IANA, and the GNU version of the Linux kernel.
The European Parliament publishes complete dumps of its database in JSON format compressed with lzip.
Lzip is used in NASA's Planetary Data System (PDS).


Francisco "Paco" Palmieri is an American diplomat who previously served as Acting Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs, leading the State Department’s efforts to advance U.S. foreign policy goals in the region from January 2017 to November 2018. Palmieri managed the successful 2018 Summit of the Americas in Peru, U.S. engagement with the Lima Group unifying 15 Western Hemisphere democracies in a multilateral diplomatic response to the crisis in Venezuela, the reorientation of U.S. foreign assistance in support of the Colombia peace process, the formulation and adoption of a new comprehensive U.S. political and economic Caribbean 2020 strategy, the launch of the renegotiation of the 50-year old Columbia River Treaty with Canada, and the multi-agency response to the ongoing migration challenges emanating from Central America.  He also was responsible for the daily management of the Bureau’s 53 overseas U.S. diplomatic missions, 12,000 employees, and implementation of the Hemisphere’s $1.58 billion foreign assistance and $290 million operating budgets. He most recently served as the Civilian Deputy and Foreign Policy Advisor to Admiral Craig S. Faller at United States Southern Command, succeeding former Ambassador Jean Elizabeth Manes in July 2021.<PIC> Palmieri previously served as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for the Western Hemisphere from January 2016 to January 2017 and as Deputy Assistant Secretary for Central America and the Caribbean from January 2014 to January 2016.  In this role, he was the principal U.S. negotiator on the Alliance for Prosperity plan adopted by El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras.  Mr. Palmieri also served as the Director of the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs’ Office of Policy Planning and Coordination in 2011-2012.
From 2012 to 2014, Palmieri served as Deputy Executive Secretary in the Department of State’s Executive Secretariat, where he managed the flow of information to multiple Secretaries of State and coordinated their overseas travel.  He also served in the Executive Secretariat as Deputy Director of the Staff Support Office (2000-2001), and as a Senior Watch Officer (1999-2000) and Watch Officer (1990-1991) in the Operations Center.  He directed and worked on the evacuation of more than 23 U.S. embassies due to war, terrorist attacks, internal political conflicts, and natural disasters through his crisis management response work in the Executive Secretariat.
He led the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement’s (INL) Latin American and Caribbean Programs Office, where he was responsible for over $800 million in programs, including Plan Colombia and the Merida Initiative, 19 Narcotics Affairs offices throughout the Western Hemisphere, and more than 1,500 employees.  He was the Director of Embassy Baghdad’s INL Office from 2010-2011.  In Iraq, he managed a $1 billion program with over 1,000 employees.  He also served as Director of the Near East and South and Central Asia Office in the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (DRL).
Overseas, Palmieri served as Political Counselor at the U.S. Embassy in Tegucigalpa, Honduras from 2001 to 2005.  He also served in San Salvador as the Human Rights Officer at the end of El Salvador’s internal conflict (1988-1990), Santo Domingo as a Vice Consul, and Madrid as a Political-Military Affairs Officer.
In July 2018, President Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Palmieri to be the next Ambassador of the United States to Honduras. This nomination was reported favorably by the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations in September 2018, but was returned to the President at the close of the 115th Congress without consideration by the full Senate. In February 2019 it was reported that the Trump administration would discontinue its efforts to appoint Palmieri as ambassador to Honduras, in the face of opposition from Senator Marco Rubio, a proponent of a more hard-line approach to U.S. policy in Latin America.
In March 2019, Palmieri was appointed a Senior Diplomatic Fellow for Latin American Studies at the Wilson Center.
Palmieri is Chargé d'Affaires Colombia since June 1, 2022. Mr. Palmieri earned an M.S. in International Strategic Studies from the National War College in June 2006.  He received his A.B. in Politics from Princeton University in 1983 and attended the University of Texas’s Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs from 1985-1986, where he studied under the Honorable Barbara Jordan.


Francis Drake (January 1696 – 16 March 1771) was an English antiquary and surgeon, best known as the author of an influential history of York, which he entitled Eboracum after the Roman name for the city.<PIC> Drake was born in Pontefract, where his father, Reverend Francis Drake, was vicar, and was baptised there on 22 January 1696. While still an adolescent, he was apprenticed to a York surgeon called Christopher Birbeck. Birbeck died in 1717, and, at the age of 21, Drake took over the practice. Ten years later he was appointed to the prestigious office of city surgeon of York. In 1720, in York Minster, Drake married Mary Woodyeare, daughter of a former secretary to Sir William Temple. There were five sons, only two of whom survived childhood. Mary Drake died in 1728 at the age of 35 and was buried in the church of St Michael le Belfrey, where there is a wall monument to her. Drake had always been interested in history and had inherited a number of historical manuscripts. In 1729, he contacted Thomas Hearne, asking for help in compiling a history of York, but to no avail. His half-sister's husband, however, who was a schoolmaster in Leeds, encouraged him, and, with the aid of a number of other historians and collectors, he started work. Acknowledged as giving Drake assistance with Eboracum were: John Anstis, Brian Fairfax, Roger Gale, George Holmes, Henry Keepe, Benjamin Langwith, and Browne Willis.
By April 1731, Drake was asking the city corporation for permission to inspect the historical documents in its care, and the corporation, as well as allowing him to do so, voted him £50 towards the cost of acquiring and printing illustrations for his book. Another £50 was contributed by Lord Burlington, who had rescued Drake from an unjust imprisonment for debt and was the dedicatee of the book.
Eboracum, a folio-sized book of around 800 pages with the subtitle The History and Antiquities of the City of York, from its Original to the Present Time; together with the History of the Cathedral Church and the Lives of the Archbishops, was published in 1736, much of the cost having been borne by the 540 subscribers, who included the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of London, but not the Archbishop of York, Lancelot Blackburne, for reasons that are not clear. Francis Drake was elected Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London and of the Royal Society (1736). In 1741 he was appointed honorary surgeon to the new York County Hospital, retiring in 1756 (although he was relieved of the position during 1745–6 because of his Jacobite sympathies). The duties of this post were not onerous, and he continued to devote most of his time to historical work. Between 1751 and 1760, he published, with the bookseller Caesar Ward, the thirty volumes of The Parliamentary or Constitutional History of England from the Earliest Times to the Restoration of King Charles II, with a second edition, in twenty-four volumes, appearing in 1763.
In 1767, failing health compelled him to leave York to live with his eldest son, Francis, who was the vicar of St Mary's Church, Beverley. He died in Beverley and was buried in the church, where a memorial tablet was placed by his son. Drake became a Freemason in September 1725, shortly before his election as Junior Warden in the old lodge in York, which had now decided to call itself the Grand Lodge of All England meeting since time immemorial in the City of York. He delivered an address, as he had heard that meetings of Freemasons contained a lecture on architecture or geometry. On re-election the following year, his words were better recorded. On that occasion he used his speech to claim the precedence of his own lodge over all other masonic lodges, since the old charges stated that the first lodge was held in York.
The York lodge disappears from history during the 1730s, but it enjoyed a revival in 1761, with Drake as the first Grand Master. Although ill health caused Drake to retire, the impetus he imparted to the lodge gave it life for the next thirty years. His real importance to historians of Freemasonry lies, however, in his 1726 address, giving a rare insight into the mind of an 18th-century mason.


Black Kids are an American indie rock band. Formed in Jacksonville, Florida in 2006, the group consists of singer/guitarist Reggie Youngblood, keyboardists/backup singers Ali Youngblood and Dawn Watley, bassist Owen Holmes, and drummer Kevin Snow. The Black Kids' debut EP, Wizard of Ahhhs, received favorable critical response in 2007, and was followed by the Partie Traumatic album, which debuted at number five on the UK Albums Chart in July 2008. Black Kids formed in Jacksonville in 2006. The lineup consists of siblings Reggie Youngblood (born September 14, 1977 in the Philippines) (lead vocals and guitar) and Ali Youngblood (born October 15, 1982) (keyboards and backing vocals), Owen Holmes (born August 24, 1980) (bass guitar), Kevin Snow (born May 25, 1979) (drums), and Dawn Watley (born March 1, 1985) (keyboards and backing vocals). Although they initially performed only in Jacksonville, they received national attention after a breakout performance at the Athens Popfest in Athens, Georgia on 11 August 2007, which led to a sudden flurry of coverage in the music press, including NME, Vice, The Guardian, and The Village Voice. The same month, Black Kids' demo EP, Wizard of Ahhhs, was released via free download on their MySpace page. Soon after, Black Kids began working with Quest Management, the company that manages Björk and Arcade Fire. In October, the EP received a favorable review of 8.4 out of 10 from Pitchfork, including a "Best New Music" commendation.
Black Kids participated in the CMJ Music Marathon in New York City in October, earning the band exposure in The New York Times and USA Today. In December the band traveled to London for a brief tour. Rolling Stone called them one of ten "Artists to Watch" for 2008 and the band was also included in the BBC Sound of 2008 poll.
Black Kids toured the United Kingdom in early 2008, including the Vice Live Tour with Friendly Fires and Ipso Facto, a Sons and Daughters tour, and a Kate Nash tour. In April and May, Black Kids toured the United States as an opening act for Cut Copy. The band played the summer festival circuit in the U.S. and the UK, including the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in April, Radio 1's Big Weekend in May , Glastonbury Festival in June, and T in the Park and Camp Bestival in July. Black Kids then headlined an international tour in the U.S. and Europe from June to November.
While in the UK in early 2008 the band recorded their debut album, Partie Traumatic, with producer Bernard Butler, former guitarist of Suede. Their first single, "I'm Not Gonna Teach Your Boyfriend How to Dance with You", was released in the UK on 7 April and debuted at #11 on the UK Singles Chart. "Hurricane Jane", the follow-up single, was released in the UK on 23 June, where it charted at #36. The album Partie Traumatic was released on 7 July in the UK on Almost Gold Recordings, debuting at #5, and was released two weeks later in the US on Columbia Records, debuting at #127.
In 2009, Black Kids performed at the Big Day Out festivals in New Zealand and Australia. They have also toured with Kaiser Chiefs in the U.K. and Mates of State in the U.S. Their song "I'm Not Gonna Teach Your Boyfriend How to Dance with You," was used in a trailer for the movie Fame, and is featured on the soundtrack of the 2009 film Jennifer's Body. "I'm Not Gonna Teach Your Boyfriend How to Dance with You" was also offered as an iTunes Free Download in July 2008. It is also featured as The Twelves remix version in FIFA 09, and was performed on Glee on 10 May 2011. "Hurricane Jane" was also on the playlist of Pro Evolution Soccer 2010.
The band played new songs on their Mini-Tour along Florida as seen on their setlist. The new songs are possible related or at least contain the words 'Trippin', 'Smokes', 'Castles', 'Rude Boys' and 'Weird Hearts'. On a session for XPN2, Owen Holmes, their bassist, acting out as Gospel Music, his solo project, told that the band is still having fun together as friends and enjoying their spare time a little bit, but still, they are writing songs for their second album. In April, their drummer, Kevin Snow, tweeted that "a second album is in the works, hoping we'll be finished soon."
In August 2013, the band started to tour again in Brazil and on the East Coast of the United States. They played "Clocks" and "Wake Up", two new songs. They stated that the album they were recording in 2010 was scrapped, and that they started recording again in early 2013.
After touring in 2013, the band resettled throughout the U.S. and continued writing and performing in side-projects: Reggie created Blunt Bangs and Owen recorded under the moniker Gospel Music, releasing albums via Kill Rock Stars.
In 2015, the band regrouped in Athens and began working on their second album, Rookie. Rookie was co-produced by Andy LeMaster and was recorded at Chase Park Transduction in Athens, Ga. The band announced their second album in the summer of 2017 and released the first single, "Obligatory Drugs." When asked about their absence from the music scene, frontman Reggie Youngblood told Billboard, "It wasn't until 2015 where I felt like we could [make] a record that we would feel good about,". The band continued to preview material from the upcoming album, releasing the single "If My Heart Is Broken," followed by exclusively premiering the video via Playboy. In August, the band released the music video for "IFFY," which was created by TV on the Radio's Kyp Malone.
On 15 September 2017, Rookie was released. The band played a record-release show at Los Angeles' Echoplex the following night, which marked the beginning of their fall U.S. tour.<PIC>


Value capture is a type of public financing that recovers some or all of the value that public infrastructure generates for private landowners.
In many countries, the public sector is responsible for the infrastructure required to support urban development. This infrastructure may include road infrastructure, parks, social, health and educational facilities, social housing, climate adaptation and mitigation tools, and more. Such infrastructure typically requires great financial investment and maintenance, and often the financing of such projects leans heavily on the government bodies themselves.
Public entities, tasked with creating and maintaining this infrastructure, are constantly in search of mechanisms which can allow for fiscal support of these investments. One such mechanism of financing is Value Capture. Value capture schemes secure and recover a portion of the benefits delivered by public investments, in order to offset the costs of the investment itself. Value Capture strategies operate under the assumption that public investment often results in increased valuation of private land and real estate. "Capturing” the subsequent increase in value, governments are able to recuperate funds, which can ultimately be used to generate additional value for communities in the future. Public investments, such as building transportation or sewer facilities, can increase adjacent land values, generating an unearned profit for private landowners. The unearned value (increases in land value which otherwise profit private landowners cost-free) may be "captured" directly by converting them into public revenue (see georgism). Thus, value capture internalizes the positive externalities of public investments, allowing public agencies to tax the direct beneficiaries of their investments.
Urban planners and finance officials are often interested in value capture mechanisms, for at least two reasons: 1) because they offer a targeted method to finance infrastructure benefiting specific land, and 2) because some such investments can generate private investment in the area, which will more widely benefit the city (e.g., by providing employment opportunities, shopping and other amenities, and a more robust and diverse tax base.)  It can be politically useful to capture for the city treasury a share of the positive externalities of city-financed investment.  This can help address public concern about the fact or perception of unfair windfalls when specific owners’ land values increase after urban infrastructure investment is paid from general city revenues.
Although it is not always talked about as such, the most common value capture mechanism is the general real property tax, with no special features other than regular assessment of market value; this is because the common real estate tax includes the less known land value tax.  The value of any given land is determined by its proximity to various amenities (both public and private).  Thus, for example, when a new subway station or highway interchange is installed, land near the new facility becomes more valuable.  Investment in capital improvements to land can synergistically generate capital investment in other nearby locations, which further increases land value.  Thus, even if the rate of taxation does not change, the tax revenue generated from properties which benefit goes up by way of higher land values and increased development.  The effectiveness of value capture depends, of course, on a smoothly functioning ad valorem property or land value tax system, with regularly updated assessments.<PIC> Value capture strategies can be applied to developers or landowners, and they can be applied before or after a public improvement is built. In the case of new public transit facilities, the property value premium nearby can be as high as 167%.  Types of value capture include the following:
Land value tax (LVT)
Tax-increment financing (TIF)
Special assessment districts or improvement districts
Infrastructure impact fees (such as traffic or utility fees)
Joint development
Air rights
Exactions, public easements, or other nonpossessory interests


Darrel Treece-Birch (born 21 January 1967, in Fleetwood, England is an English hard rock/progressive rock keyboard player and songwriter, best known for his work with the Melodic Hard Rock band Ten, as a solo artist and up until 2020, with the progressive rock band, Nth Ascension.<PIC> Darrel Treece-Birch started playing keyboards from an early age. Inspired by the early electronica music of Oxygene and Equinox of Jean-Michel Jarre and the ambient orchestration of Vangelis, he soon got involved in various bands, with the most notable one being the Fleetwood-based Purple on the Storm.
Darrel Treece-Birch was a founding member of the northwest English progressive rock band Nth Ascension (originally formed as Nth Degree in 2010). In 2011, the band released their first studio album under the name Nth Ascension, entitled Frequencies of Day & Night, which was issued as a free download via the Aurovine website. Late 2012 saw the addition of a fifth member, a full time bass player. The second studio album by Nth Ascension entitled Ascension of Kings, was released in late 2014 via Sonic Vista Music to much critical acclaim. Nth Ascension's third album In Fine Initium was released in October 2016 on Melodic Revolution Records garnering much international attention from reviewers and fans. Nth Ascension released the album Stranger than Fiction under their own label Metatronic Records on 31 May 2019. In March 2021, Darrel Treece-Birch officially left Nth Ascension.
Darrel Treece-Birch joined the melodic hard rock Band Ten in 2011, with whom he has released eight studio albums so far, 2012's Heresy and Creed, 2014's Albion, 2015's Isla De Muerta and EP The Dragon and Saint George, 2016's compilation album Battlefield – The Rocktopia Records Collection, 2017's Gothica, 2018's Illuminati and 2022's Here Be Monsters.
Darrel Treece-Birch is an accomplished solo artist who was signed to US label MRR in 2015 to January 2019, and released four studio albums with Melodic Revolution Records, including Celestial a two-part digital only release in October 2015, his critically acclaimed album No More Time, August 2016 (which included guest appearances by several of his colleagues and former bandmates from Ten, Nth Ascension and Counterparts UK), Healing Touch (where he composed, performed, played all instruments, mixed, mastered and produced the work including the original painting for the artwork) October 2017 and finally in December of 2018 releasing his digital only instrumental album The first step...is to take one.
2018 was a record year for Treece-Birch releasing an album with Ten: Illuminati, guesting on Signal Red's Under The Radar, (Steve Grocott's band (guitarist - Ten)), producing, mixing, mastering and performing on Michael-Alan Taylor's (vocalist -Nth Ascension) album Avalonia: The Sonnets of Guinevere, and releasing his album The first step ... is to take one in addition to recording his final album with Nth Ascension.
In 2021 Darrel performed as guest musician for Gary Hughes’ new solo album Waterside in which he played keyboards and acoustic drums. He also created and produced the sleeve/booklet art for both Waterside and the double-album best of compilation titled "Decades" also by Gary Hughes and released by Frontiers Records. In October 2021, Treece-Birch performed on the debut studio album entitled Prophecy by the British melodic Hard Rock band TAO.
As of 2022, Treece-Birch has been working on several solo projects and the upcoming fifteenth studio album by Ten.  Heresy and Creed (2012)
Albion (2014)
Isla De Muerta (2015)
The Dragon And Saint George EP (2015)
Battlefield – The Rocktopia Records Collection' (2016)
Gothica (2017)
Illuminati (2018)
Opera Omnia: The Complete Works (2019)
Here Be Monsters (2022) Waterside (2021) Frequencies of Day & Night (2011)
Ascension Of Kings (2014)
In Fine Initium (2016) Celestial  (2015) Released by Melodic Revolution Records - 2 October 2015 - EAN MRRCD22118
No More Time (2016) Released by Melodic Revolution Records - 19 August 2016 - EAN MRRCD22129
Healing Touch (2017) Released by Melodic Revolution Records - 27 October 2017 - EAN MRRCD22146
The first step...is to take one (2018) Released by Melodic Revolution Records - 14 December 2018 EAN MRRDM201164 Signal Red (Under The Radar) released 2018
Michael-Alan Taylor (Avalonia: The Sonnets of Guinevere) 2018
Signal Red (Alien Nation) released 2020
TAO (Prophecy) released 2021
Scar For Life (Sociophobia) released 2022
Tony Mitchell (Kiss Of The Gypsy) releasing September 2021 St. Annes International Kite Festival (St. Annes by the Sea, UK) August 2018


Mary Cecilia Rogers (born c. 1820 – found dead July 28, 1841) was an American murder victim whose story became a national sensation.
Rogers was a noted beauty who worked in a New York tobacco store, which attracted the custom of many distinguished men, clearly on her account. When her body was found in the Hudson River, she was assumed to have been the victim of gang violence. However, one witness swore that she was dumped after a failed abortion attempt, and her boyfriend's suicide note suggested possible involvement on his part. Rogers' death remains unexplained. She inspired Edgar Allan Poe's pioneering detective story "The Mystery of Marie Rogêt".<PIC> Mary Rogers was probably born in 1820 in Lyme, Connecticut, though her birth records have not survived. She was a beautiful young woman who grew up as the only child of her widowed mother. At the age of 20, Mary lived in the boarding house that was run by her mother, although it was her amazing beauty that made her the talk of the neighborhood. Her father James Rogers died in a steamboat explosion when she was 17 years old, and she took a job as a clerk in a tobacco shop owned by John Anderson in New York City. Anderson paid her a generous wage in part because her physical attractiveness brought in many customers. One customer wrote that he spent an entire afternoon at the store only to exchange "teasing glances" with her. Another admirer published a poem in the New York Herald referring to her heaven-like smile and her star-like eyes. Some of her customers included notable literary figures James Fenimore Cooper, Washington Irving, and Fitz-Greene Halleck. On October 5, 1838, the newspaper the Sun reported that "Miss Mary Cecilia Rogers" had disappeared from her home. Her mother Phoebe said she found a suicide note which the local coroner analyzed and said revealed a "fixed and unalterable determination to destroy herself". The next day, however, the Times and Commercial Intelligence reported that the disappearance was a hoax and that Rogers only went to visit a friend in Brooklyn. The Sun had previously published a story known as the Great Moon Hoax in 1835, causing controversy. Some suggested this return was actually the hoax, evidenced by Rogers's failure to return to work immediately. When she finally resumed working at the tobacco shop, one newspaper suggested the whole event was a publicity stunt managed by Anderson. On July 25, 1841, Rogers told her fiancé Daniel Payne that she would be visiting her aunt and other family members. Three days later, on July 28, the police found her corpse floating in the Hudson River in Hoboken, New Jersey. Referred to as the "Beautiful Cigar Girl", the mystery of her death was sensationalized by newspapers and received national attention. The details of the case suggested she was murdered, or dumped by abortionist Madame Restell after a failed procedure. Months later, the inquest still ongoing, her grief-stricken fiancé Daniel Payne committed suicide by overdosing on laudanum during a bout of heavy drinking. A remorseful note was found among the papers on his person where he died near Sybil's Cave on October 7, 1841, reading: "To the World – here I am on the very spot. May God forgive me for my misspent life."
The story, much publicized by the press, also emphasized the ineptitude and corruption of the city's watchmen system of law enforcement. At the time, New York City's population of 320,000 was served by an archaic force, consisting of one night watch, 100 city marshals, 31 constables, and 51 police officers.
The popular theory was that Rogers was a victim of gang violence. In November 1842, Frederica Loss came forward and swore that Rogers' death was the result of a failed abortion attempt. Police refused to believe her story, and the case remained unsolved. Interest in the story waned nine weeks later when the press began publicizing a different, unrelated murder case, that of John C. Colt's murder of Samuel Adams. Rogers' story was fictionalized most notably by Edgar Allan Poe as "The Mystery of Marie Rogêt" (1842). The action of the story was relocated to Paris and the victim's body found in the River Seine. Poe presented the story as a sequel to "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" (1841), commonly considered the first modern detective story, and included its main character C. Auguste Dupin. As Poe wrote in a letter: "under the pretense of showing how Dupin... unravelled the mystery of Marie's assassination, I, in fact, enter into a very rigorous analysis of the real tragedy in New York." In the story, Dupin suggests several possible solutions but never actually names the murderer.


Van Cortlandt Manor is a 17th-century house and property built by the van Cortland family located near the confluence of the Croton and Hudson Rivers in the village of Croton-on-Hudson in Westchester County, New York, United States. The colonial era stone and brick manor house is now a museum and is a National Historic Landmark.<PIC> By Royal Charter, Van Cortlandt Manor was originally a 86,000-acre (35,000 ha) tract granted as a Patent to Stephanus Van Cortlandt in 1697 by King William III, stretching from the Hudson River on the west to the first boundary line between the Province of New York and the Colony of Connecticut, on the east, twenty English miles in width by ten in height, in shape nearly a rectangular parallelogram, forming, "The Manor of Cortlandt." The massive holding was acquired by direct purchase from the Indians, in part, by Stephanus van Cortlandt, a native born Dutch gentleman of New York, and in part by others whose titles he subsequently bought, this tract, together with a small tract on the west side of the Hudson River opposite the promontory of Anthony's Nose, which he also purchased from the Indians.
The Manor House was built sometime before 1732 but was not any owner's principal residence until a grandson, Pierre Van Cortlandt, moved there in 1749.  At that time the manor house was on a 1,000-acre (405 ha) portion of the original tract.
Pierre brought his family to the estate in 1749 and created the manor's most vibrant days, according to some.  He established a self-sustaining community  of an apple orchard, dairy farm, bee house, kiln, tavern, and carpenter and blacksmith shops.
At this time, though, tensions leading to the Revolutionary War were building and the manor would become a place of wartime retreat. Pierre sided with the colonies and the manor was used to assist the Continental Army, using its resources to make food and supplies.  Pierre was involved with military legislature, and his son Philip was a soldier for the Continental Army.  Eventually Pierre and his family vacated the manor in the thick of the war.  The manor was ransacked by the British Army and left in poor standing. Philip, becoming a brigadier general by the war's end, returned and, along with his sister, Catherine, brought the manor back to working order.
Van Cortlandt Manor became an essential stop on the route from New York to Albany in the years that followed the war. The mills were once again thriving and provided the community and travelers with food, supplies, and lodging.  Pierre and his wife did not return until 1803 once the manor was in full working order again.
The manor was passed down in the family until it was sold to a non-relative, Otis Taylor, in 1945.  By this time the property had lost luster, and was not the flourishing estate it had once been.  Some buildings and barn houses were taken down to accommodate for more modern facilities, such as a drive-in movie theater.
In 1953 John D. Rockefeller Jr. purchased the property and began restoring the manor to previous prominence.  In 1961, Van Cortlandt Manor became registered as a National Historic Landmark.
The house is not included in the area of the hamlet of Cortlandt Manor, New York. It is one of the historic sites owned and operated by Historic Hudson Valley.


The floral clock in Frankfort, Kentucky, is a landmark located behind the Kentucky State Capitol. Dedicated in May 1961 by Governor Bert T. Combs, the clock was constructed as a joint project between the state government and the Garden Club of Kentucky.<PIC> On April 10, 1961, Combs appropriated US$50,000 from the governor's contingency fund to construct the clock on the lawn of the state capitol. Combs had seen a similar clock in Edinburgh, Scotland, and believed it would be a colorful addition to the capitol grounds. When construction was completed on the clock, some ridiculed it as "Combs' Folly" or "Big Bert" (an allusion to London's Big Ben). Combs' political foe, A. B. "Happy" Chandler, was particularly critical, declaring "It's amazing what some people will think of when they have nothing better to do." In a subsequent gubernatorial campaign, Chandler mocked the clock, declaring "Well, they don't say it's half past 2 in Frankfort anymore. They say it's two petunias past the jimson weed." Chandler's derision became the minority view in time, however; according to journalist John Ed Pearce, the clock became one of the most talked-about and visited tourist attractions in the state and the most visited place in Frankfort. The face of the clock measures 34 feet (10 m) in diameter and is tilted at a 26-degree angle. The word "Kentucky" is spelled out in large letters around the top of the clock. The minute hand is 20 feet (6.1 m) long, and the hour hand is 15 feet (4.6 m) long; both weigh approximately 500 pounds (230 kg). The clock face is composed of more than 10,000 flowers, and the planter that holds them weighs 100 short tons (91 t). The majority of the flowers consist of Joseph's coat and begonias. All of the flowers used in the clock face are grown in greenhouses near the capitol and owned by the state.
Instead of sitting on a bank of earth as most similar floral clocks do, the Frankfort clock is suspended above a pool of water. The pool is 36 feet (11 m) in diameter and 4.5 feet (1.4 m) deep. Visitors often use the pool as a wishing well. Until the early 1970s, coins thrown into the pool were used by Kentucky's child care agencies to purchase recreation and gym equipment and to fund Garden Club scholarships to the University of Kentucky for students studying horticulture or land design; now the money is used solely for scholarships. The coins are collected from the pool every three weeks. In the first three years following the clock's dedication, $6,000 in coins was collected from the pool.
A mechanism housed in the stone pedestal that supports the clock moves its hands. The mechanism is composed of six gears and an electrical meter [sic]. Every sixty seconds, the minute hand moves 1.5 feet (0.46 m), and the hour hand moves proportionately. Every hour, an additional control mechanism makes any necessary corrections to the displayed time and is capable of resetting the clock in the event of a power failure. In May 1962, the National Council of State Garden Clubs presented the state of Kentucky with its Bronze Seal Award for its efforts to beautify the state capitol, with the clock being a large part of that effort. In 2002, the capitol grounds, including the floral clock, were featured on the HGTV series "Great American Gardens".


Transports Aériens Intercontinentaux was a private French airline, based at Orly Airport, Paris. In 1963, it was merged with Union Aéromaritime de Transport on 1 October 1963 to form UTA French Airlines. In the early 1950s its routes were Paris - Tunis - Damascus - Karachi - Bangkok - Saigon - Hanoi, Paris - Algiers - Fort Lamy - Douala - Brazzaville - Tananarive (Antananarivo), Paris - Casablanca - Bamako - Abidjan, and Paris - Casablanca - Bamako - Dakar.
By 1957 the route continued beyond Saigon to Darwin, Brisbane, Noumea, and Auckland. As the airport for Tahiti began construction, T.A.I. began to fly to Bora Bora on the Society Islands in French Polynesia in 1958. Until the Papeete Airport in Tahiti airport opened in 1960, the island was served by TAI Short Solent flying boats.
In the late 1950s the airline flew the Sud-Est Armagnac, a French manufactured airliner, as well as Douglas DC-4s and Douglas DC-6s with these aircraft having a light green livery with white cabin top and fin. They bought their first Douglas DC-8 jet airliners during 1960. The company extended its service to Jakarta in Indonesia. The livery changed to an attractive yellow, green, and black striped tail with "T.A.I." on it, and a green stripe down the fuselage. The February 1959 Official Airline Guide (OAG) lists eleven departures a week from Paris Orly Airport: seven DC-6Bs to mainland Africa, two to Tananarive, one to Auckland and one DC-7C to Djakarta. In 1960, the airline was serving the Bora Bora Airport in French Polynesia with Douglas DC-7C flights nonstop to Honolulu with continuing, no change of plane service to Los Angeles and was also operating direct DC-7C service between Bora Bora and Noumea via a stop in Nandi.
Millions of revenue passenger-kilometers, scheduled flights only: 300 in 1957 and 369 in 1960.
According to its 1 April 1963 system timetable, the airline was operating Douglas DC-8 jet service on a number of international routes including Paris Orly Airport - Athens - Teheran - Karachi - Rangoon - Phnom Penh - Jakarta; Paris Orly Airport - Athens - Beirut - Karachi - Bangkok - Saigon - Darwin - Sydney - Noumea; Paris Orly Airport - Marseille - Athens - Djibouti - Tananarive; Paris Orly Airport - Marseille - Bamako - Ouagadougou - Abidjan and Paris Orly Airport - Marseille - Niamey - Abidjan as well as Noumea - Nandi - Papeete, Tahiti - Los Angeles and Papeete, Tahiti - Honolulu. This same timetable also lists Douglas DC-6B propliner service between Paris Orly Airport, Marseille, Bamako, Ouagadougou and Abidjan as well as regional service in the Pacific flown with Douglas DC-4 propliners linking Noumea with Auckland, Port Vila, Espiritu Santo, Wallis Island and Papeete, Tahiti.<PIC> On 26 October 1946, Amiot AAC.1 F-BBYL was written off at Marignane Airport.
On 6 January 1947, Amiot AAC.1 F-BBYK struck Mont Ventoux in Provence in poor weather while operating a cargo flight; all three crew on board survived, but the aircraft was written off.
On 8 December 1950, Douglas C-54A F-BELB crashed into high ground on climbout from Bangui Airport due to crew error, killing 46 of 56 on board; the accident remains the worst in the Central African Republic.
On 18 July 1951, Douglas C-54A F-BDRI crashed on climbout from Arivonimamo Airport; there were no fatalities, but the aircraft was written off.
On 20 February 1956, Douglas DC-6B F-BGOD crashed 18 mi southeast of Cairo International Airport due to crew errors (although crew fatigue was also possible), killing 52 of 64 on board.
On 24 September 1959, TAI Flight 307 (a Douglas DC-7C, F-BIAP) crashed on climbout from Merignac Airport due to pilot error, killing 54 of 65 on board (one person initially survived, but later died in the hospital).


Plastic pants (also known as Waterproof Pants, Plastic Panties, Diaper Dover's, Nappy Covers, Dry Joggers, Nappy Wraps, Wraps, or Pilchers) are devices worn over a diaper with the purpose of containing liquid or solid waste that could leak through the fabric. They are waterproof and have a plastic feel, rather than the soft.Today, plastic pants are usually made out of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyurethane (PU).  Latex rubber is sometimes used, however it has significant drawbacks in these applications: it is easily damaged by rough handling, oils, creams, and ointments; it does not allow air to ventilate; it also makes a characteristic rustling noise when moved, which limits its use in situations where discretion is necessary.
The availability of inexpensive, and easily worked, man-made waterproof materials since the 1950s has significantly improved the quality of life of those with continence problems, and has contributed to changes in clothing style and freedom, especially for infants and menstruating women.<PIC> At the turn of the 20th century, oiled silk was used as a waterproofing medium in adult clothing, but not until latex rubber was commercially available in the 1920s did the idea of wearing a protective garment become commonplace. Ladies' panties were worn with a waterproof latex crotch insert or a waterproof panel in the back of an underskirt, to make coping with heavy menstruation cycles easier and socially safer. The original diaper covers were made from oiled wool, which was naturally waterproof. Newly available latex pants for covering diapers reduced the difficulties in caring for young children on long journeys, on special social occasions, and overnight.
During the 1950s, plastics, mainly PVC, replaced latex on account of their lower cost, ease of maintenance, and lack of noise when handled. However, the history of these garments has influenced their modern names: “Rubber pants” and “Rubbers” are used commonly to mean waterproof pants of all kinds, even though they are typically now made of plastic rather than latex.
The invention of superabsorbent polymers (for diapers and incontinence pads), and blood-gelling polymers (for sanitary pads) largely displaced traditional cloth diapers and pads. Not only were these modern absorbent materials lighter and less bulky, but they became available as an “all-in-one” solution with their own integral waterproof plastic backing. This eliminated the need for separate waterproof underwear in many situations. Nevertheless, waterproof pants are still used as a second line of defense where absolute protection from leakage is crucial. The development of plastic pants contributed significantly to juvenile fashion. Until the late 1950s, infants of both sexes usually wore short dresses until they were ready for toilet training thus avoiding the risks to clothing and hygiene of having top clothes in prolonged close contact with a damp or soiled diaper. Effective and easily obtainable waterproofing – whether integral with the pad or as separate pants – safely allowed a child to be dressed in trousers. The development of disposable diapers made the fit of clothing even neater as the new diapers were less bulky than the cloth ones.


While flash memory remains one of the most popular storages in embedded systems because of its non-volatility, shock-resistance, small size, and low energy consumption, its application has grown much beyond its original design. Based on its original design, NOR flash memory is designed to store binary code of programs because it supports XIP (eXecute-In-Place) and high performance in read operations, while NAND flash memory is used as a data storage because of its lower price and higher performance in write/erase operations, compared to NOR flash. In recent years, the price of NAND flash has gone down much faster than that of NOR flash. Thus, to reduce the hardware cost ultimately, using NAND flash to replace NOR flash (motivated by a strong market demand) becomes a new trend in embedded-system designs, especially on mobile phones and arcade games. The replacement depends on well-designed management of flash memory, which is carried out by either software on a host system (as a raw medium) or hardware circuits/firmware inside its devices. Here, an efficient prediction mechanism with limited memory-space requirements and an efficient implementation is proposed. The prediction mechanism collects the access patterns of program execution to construct a prediction graph by adopting the working set concept. According to the prediction graph, the prediction mechanism prefetches data (/code) to the SRAM cache, so as to reduce the cache miss rate. Therefore, the performance of the program execution is improved and the read performance gap between NAND and NOR is filled up effectively. Using NAND Flash for boot code requires the use of DRAM to shadow the code.<PIC> Different from the popular caching ideas in the memory hierarchy, this approach aims at an application-oriented caching mechanism, which adopts prediction-assisted prefetching based on given execution traces of applications. The designs of embedded systems are considered with a limited set of applications, such as a set of selected system programs in mobile phones or arcade games of amusement-park machines. Besides, SRAM capacity and computing power are constrained in the implementation. Four essential components are included in the hardware design: host interface, SRAM (cache), NAND flash memory, and control logic. In order to fill up the performance gap between NAND and NOR, SRAM serves as a cache layer for data access over NAND. The host interface is responsible to the communication with the host system via address and data buses. Most importantly, the control logic manages the caching activity and provides the service emulation of NOR flash with NAND flash and SRAM; it must have an intelligent prediction mechanism implemented to improve the system performance. There are two major components in the control logic: The converter emulates NOR flash access over NAND flash with an SRAM cache, where address translation must be done from byte addressing (for NOR) to Logical Block Address (LBA) addressing (for NAND). Note that each 512B/2KB NAND page corresponds to one and four LBA's, respectively. The prefetch procedure tries to prefetch data from NAND to SRAM so that the hit rate of the NOR access is high over SRAM. The procedure should parse and extract the behavior of the target application via a set of collected traces. According to the extracted access patterns from the collected traces, the procedure generates prediction information, referred to as a prediction graph. The access pattern of an application execution over NOR (or NAND) consists of a sequence of LBA's. As an application runs for multiple times, the “virtually” complete picture of the possible access pattern of an application execution might appear. Since most application executions are input-dependent or data-driven, there can be more than one subsequent LBA's following a given LBA, where each LBA corresponds to one node in the graph. Nodes with more than one subsequent LBA's are called branch nodes, and the others are called regular nodes. The graph that corresponds to the access patterns is referred to as the prediction graph of the specific application. If pages in NAND flash could be prefetched in an on-time fashion, and there is enough SRAM space for caching, then all data accesses could be done over SRAM.
To save the prediction graph over flash memory with overheads (SRAM capacity) minimized, the subsequent LBA information of each regular node is saved at the spare area of the corresponding page. It is because that the spare area of a page in current implementations has unused space, and the reading of a page usually comes with the reading of its data and spare areas simultaneously. In such a way, the accessing of the subsequent LBA information of a regular node comes with no extra cost. Since a branch node has more than one subsequent LBA's, the spare area of the corresponding page might not have enough free space to store the information. Thus, a branch table is maintained to save the subsequent LBA information of all branch nodes. The starting entry address of the branch table that corresponds to a branch node can be saved at the spare area of the corresponding page. The starting entry records the number of subsequent LBA's of the branch node, and the subsequent LBA's are stored in the entries following the starting entry. The branch table can be saved on flash memory. During the run time, the entire table can be loaded into SRAM for better performance. If there is not enough SRAM space, parts of the table can be loaded in an on-demand fashion. The objective of the prefetch procedure is to prefetch data from NAND based on a given prediction graph such that most data accesses occur over SRAM. The basic idea is to prefetch data by following the LBA order in the graph. In order to efficiently look up a selected page in the cache, a cyclic queue is adopted in the cache management. Data prefetched from NAND flash is enqueued, while those transferred to the host is dequeued, on the other hand. The prefetch procedure is done in a greedy way: Let P1 be the last prefetched page. If P1 corresponds to a regular node, then the page that corresponds to the subsequent LBA is prefetched. If P1 corresponds to a branch node, then the procedure should prefetch pages by following all possible next LBA links in an equal base and a round-robin way. As of 2021, 2D NAND replacement by 3D NAND has commenced. 3D NAND has the advantages of lower cost per bit and the latest controller technology for better reliability. Consequently, even at the low GB level, 3D NAND is the preferred option for code storage.


USCGC Sorrel (WAGL/WLB-296) was a Cactus (A) class buoy tender of the United States Coast Guard built by Zenith Dredge of Duluth, Minnesota. Her keel was laid 26 May 1942, launched 28 September 1942 and commissioned on 15 April 1943.<PIC> After commissioning Sorrel joined her sister ships Cactus and Cowslip in Boston, Massachusetts until 25 July 1947.  During her tenure in Boston she was used for maintaining navigational aids and ice breaking.  On 25 July 1947 she reported to Rockland, Maine and then on 25 October 1948 she returned to Boston where she would remain until 1 May 1954.  All during this time of being shuffled between Boston and Rockland, she frequently worked out of Argentia, Newfoundland.
On 8 December 1948 Sorrel freed icebound USS Whitewood, on 23–24 October 1950 rescued 8 crew from the motor vessel North Voyager, on 29 November 1951 assisted following collision between motor vessel Ventura and fishing vessel Lynn near Boston, on 20–21 July 1952 towed disabled fishing vessel Richard J. Nunan to Portland, Maine for repairs and on 19 February 1953 towed disabled fishing vessels Geraldine and Phyllis to Boston, Massachusetts for repair.
On 1 May 1954 Sorrel was reassigned to Sitka, Alaska for maintaining navigational aids, search and rescue missions, ice breaking, law and treaty enforcement and enforcement of U.S. territorial waters.  On 12–13 September 1956 assisted fishing vessel Valencia near Sitka, Alaska, on 18 June 1958 assisted fishing vessel Guardian 120 miles west of Sitka, and on 10–11 July 1958 assisted residents at Lituya Bay and Yakutat Bay following an earthquake in the region. On October 22, 1962 Sorrel assisted in the successful rescue of 95 passengers of a Northwest Airlines DC-7C that crashed near Sitka, Alaska.
On 1 July 1965 Sorrel was reassigned to Seward, Alaska where she would remain until 18 April 1973.  On 13 September 1966 assisted towing fishing vessel Jo Ann to Cordova, Alaska, on 6 November 1967 fought a fire at Shelter Cove, Alaska, on 4 November 1969 medevaced two crewman seriously burned in a fire on the Japanese fishing vessel Koshin Maru, and on 21 November 1970 medevaced crewman from fishing vessel Lee Ann to Seward, Alaska for medical aid.
From 18 April 1973 to 31 March 1976 Sorrel was stationed in Cordova, Alaska.  On 31 March 1976 Sorrel left Alaska and reported to the Coast Guard Yard at Curtis Bay, Maryland for major renovation under the Service Life Extension Program (SLEP). Under SLEP, she would get new generator and propulsion systems, navigational electronics, new vang supported boom system (eliminating the distinctive Cactus (A) Class "A" frame boom support), reworked superstructure and renovations to crew's living spaces.
Following SLEP, on 2 December 1982 Sorrel reported to Governor's Island, N.Y. to continue her career as a buoy tender until decommissioned on 20 June 1996. Sorrel was sold and is now the SS Reliance operated by Sea Scout Ship #13 of Stockton, California.  She was used for training cruises to teach seamanship to young men and women.
In 2007, the Reliance was sold to Seaway Trading Inc and renamed Fearless.


Christine Negroni (born December 19, 1956) is an American aviation and travel writer whose work appears in The New York Times, the Washington Post, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Fortune, and other publications. She is the author of two books, Deadly Departure (2000) and The Crash Detectives: Investigating The World's Most Mysterious Air Disasters (2016).
She is an on-camera contributor for ABC News and writes the aviation-themed blog Flying Lessons.<PIC>  Negroni began her journalism career in 1978. She worked as an on-camera broadcast journalist for WMAZ Macon, Georgia and KSLA Shreveport, Louisiana, New Jersey Nightly News in Newark and Trenton, New Jersey, WFSB in Hartford, Connecticut, WGN in Chicago. She worked for CNN in New York from 1993-1999.  She has been the recipient of awards from the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (Emmy nomination), Society of Professional Journalists Sigma Delta Chi and Associated Press. From 1988 to 1991 Negroni was a correspondent at the CBS bureaus in Atlanta, New York and Chicago. Her stories appeared on the CBS Evening News with Dan Rather. She was a contributor to the award-winning program Sunday Morning with Charles Kuralt. In 1990 she received the National Association of Hispanic Journalists Excellence Award. She was honored by the National Air Disaster Alliance & Foundation for journalism in 2010. In 1993 Negroni became a New York-based correspondent for CNN, creating the network's aviation beat where she reported exclusives in travel and aviation news. In 2000 HarperCollins published Negroni's book, Deadly Departure: Why The Experts Failed To Prevent The TWA Flight 800 Disaster And How It Could Happen Again. The New York Times called it a “well-written, well-researched chronicle of events surrounding the crash of Flight 800.” It was a New York Times Book of the Year in 2000. From 2001 to 2008, Negroni was the Director of Investigations for New York aviation law firm, Kreindler & Kreindler. There she was responsible for coordinating the factual elements for a civil suit against financial sponsors of the September 11th attacks. She also examined liability issues arising from commercial and private airplane accidents. Negroni represented the flying public as a voting member of a Federal Aviation Administration rulemaking advisory committee on aging aircraft systems from 2000-2005. In 2009 she was on the President's short list for a nomination to the National Transportation Safety Board. She is a member of the International Society of Air Safety Investigators where she has presented papers on the overuse of emergency helicopter ambulances in the United States, airline flags of convenience as a global security and safety issue and assessing the effectiveness of human factors in aviation safety.
The International Air Transport Association has invited Negroni to present at industry conferences on airport ground handling safety (Vancouver 2007) and crisis communications (Istanbul 2014). Since 2003, Negroni has contributed to newspapers, magazines, online and broadcast publications, writing about experiential travel, transportation, and aviation. Select publications include The New York Times, the Washington Post, Chicago Tribune, Macleans, Seattle PI, Air & Space, WAG Wanders, RunwayGirlNetwork and Travel + Leisure.
Negroni is an aviation safety specialist for ABC News. She regularly appears as a guest aviation and travel expert for television documentaries. Negroni was born on December 19, 1956 in Miami, Florida, the daughter of Jaime Negroni, and Dione Negroni Hendrick both deceased
She is married to Jim Schembari, an editor at The New York Times. They have four children.


Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Frederick Pickard VC, CB (12 April 1844 – 1 March 1880) was a British Army officer and courtier. For his actions in New Zealand in 1863, he was awarded the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. After further service and promotion in the Royal Artillery, Pickard was appointed an Equerry to the Duke of Connaught and Strathearn in 1871; seven years later, he was made Assistant Keeper of the Privy Purse and Assistant Private Secretary to the Queen and promoted to lieutenant-colonel, but died of tuberculosis in France, aged 35, less than two years later.<PIC> Pickard was born on 12 April 1844 at Forest Hill in the Nottinghamshire town of Worksop. He was the third son of a former officer in the Royal Artillery, Henry William Pickard (1794–1873), JP, of Sturminster Marshall, Dorset, and 11 Carlton Crescent, Southampton, and his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of John Fullerton, of Thrybergh Park in Yorkshire. The Pickard family claimed descent from a medieval Lord Mayor of London; in the 18th century, Jocelyn Pickard, a barrister from Lincoln's Inn, moved to Bloxworth House in Dorset and married a Dorsetshire heiress; Henry William Pickard was his great-grandson in the direct male-line, although he was his father's youngest son. In 1858, Pickard was promoted from being a gentleman cadet in the Royal Artillery to the rank of lieutenant. In May 1871, Pickard was appointed Equerry to Prince Arthur, later the Duke of Connaught and Strathearn; later that year, he was promoted to the rank of second captain, and in 1872 to brevet major. In December 1877, the Queen appointed Pickard a groom-in-waiting after the resignation of Lieutenant-Colonel William Henry Frederick Cavendish; the following year, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel and in July he stepped aside as Connaught's Equerry, when he was appointed Extra Equerry and Captain Alfred Mordaunt Egerton replaced him. Later that year, the Queen appointed him Assistant Keeper of the Privy Purse, and her Assistant Private Secretary, and shortly afterwards, he was promoted to the full rank of major. In March 1879, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath. When Pickard was a 19-year-old lieutenant, he was serving in the Invasion of Waikato (one of the campaigns in the New Zealand Wars); he and Assistant Surgeon William Temple were awarded the Victoria Cross, the United Kingdom's highest bravery award, for the following deed, which took place on 20 November 1863 at Rangiriri, New Zealand. His citation reads:
For gallant conduct during the assault on the enemy's position at Rangiriri, in New Zealand, on the 20th of November last, in exposing their lives to imminent danger, in crossing the entrance of the Maori keep, at a point upon which the enemy had concentrated their fire, with a view to render assistance to the wounded, and, more especially to the late Captain Mercer, of the Royal Artillery.
Lieutenant Pickard, it is stated, crossed, and re-crossed the parapet, to procure water for the wounded, when none of the men could be induced to perform this service, the space over which he traversed being exposed to a crossfire; and testimony is borne to the calmness displayed by him, and Assistant-Surgeon Temple, under the trying circumstances in which they were placed. On 1 March 1880, Pickard died at Cannes, in France, reportedly of tuberculosis. He was buried at the city's Grand Jas Cemetery. His medal group – consisting of his Victoria Cross, the insignia of the Order of the Bath, the Russian Order of St Stanislas and the Austrian Order of Leopold, and his New Zealand Medal – were purchased at auction in New Zealand on behalf of the Michael Ashcroft Trust in 2002. They are on display at the Lord Ashcroft Gallery in the Imperial War Museum in London.


HMS Tetcott was a Type II British Hunt-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy during World War II. She was the only Royal Navy ship to be named after the Tetcott fox hunt.  Following completion on 11 December 1941 the ship headed for Scapa Flow where it arrived on 16 December and joined the Home Fleet.  The vessel collided with the corvette Heartsease on 23 December which meant that the next two months were spent in repair on the Clyde and later in Southampton. The vessel was finally ready for service again on 2 March 1942 and returned to Scapa Flow for working-up. On 15 April 1942 Tetcott joined convoy WS18 at the ocean escort Clyde Assembly point. The ship escorted this convoy to Cape Town, detaching briefly to call into Freetown on the way.
At Cape Town, Tetcott headed into the Indian Ocean and on to Alexandria via the Red Sea and the Suez Canal, arriving in early June 1942 where she joined the 9th Destroyer Flotilla.
On 10 June the ship sailed with Grove carrying supplies to the garrison at Tobruk. Grove was torpedoed on 12 June during the return journey and Tetcott picked up the survivors. On 16 June the ship came under heavy Axis air attack whilst defending of ships returning to Alexandria following the termination of Operation Vigorous.
In July the ship operated as part of Operation Exporter off Palestine and Syria.  On 4 August, with the destroyers Sikh and Zulu the ship attacked the German submarine U-372 and forced the U-boat to the surface. 16 German crew and a Lebanese civilian were rescued.
In September 1942, the ship was assigned with Hero to convoy duties in the Red Sea, but returned to the Mediterranean in October. In November 1942, the ship formed part of the close escort for Convoy MW13, from Alexandria to Malta. This convoy succeeded in reaching Malta, and the ship formed part of the close escort on the return journey. In December, Tetcott was one of the escorts in the Alexandria to Malta convoy, MW14, after which she joined the 22nd Destroyer Flotilla at Algiers.<PIC> In January 1943 the ship escorted Orion from Malta to Alexandria during cover for passage of a Malta and on 1 February rescued survivors from the minelayer Welshman which had been torpedoed off Sollum. She continued patrol and escort duties in the eastern and central Mediterranean for the next two months.
In July she took part on Operation Husky, the invasion of Sicily, and in September the Salerno landing, Operation Avalanche. In January 1944, the ship was assigned to the Northern Attack Force for Operation Shingle, the Anzio Landings, and provided shore bombardment in support of the landings.
From February until August 1944, the ship operated in the Adriatic Sea providing shore bombardment and operating as a convoy escort. In September she supported the invasion of the Aegean islands, and then worked as part of the liberation of Greece. Deployments off Greece and Albania continued until March 1945. Tetcott then operated off the Italian coast, and was slightly damaged in April during the bombardment of Genoa. The ship returned to the UK, arriving at Portsmouth on 21 May before heading to Gibraltar in June for a refit, which started on 5 July. The ship was due to be assigned to the Indian Ocean following the refit but this was cancelled with the surrender of Japan and instead the refit was cut short and the ship placed in reserve on 17 January 1946 before heading back to the UK.
In November 1952, it was announced that the ship would be preserved at the Penarth Docks, but this plan failed. Instead the ship was towed to Gibraltar where she remained until September 1955 when she was towed back to the Barrow in Furness, in Extended Reserve, having had much of her equipment removed and the vessel no longer maintained and placed on the Disposal List. In January 1956 Tetcott was reclassified as a hulk and in August transferred to BISCO for scrapping. Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
English, John (1987). The Hunts: a history of the design, development and careers of the 86 destroyers of this class built for the Royal and Allied Navies during World War II. England: World Ship Society. ISBN 0-905617-44-4.


The Fire HDX, formerly named Kindle Fire HDX, was a high-end model in Amazon Fire line of tablet computers. It was announced on September 25, 2013 and was available in two models, 7 inch and 8.9 inch. The 7 inch WiFi model was released on October 18, 2013 and the 8.9 inch WiFi model was released on November 7, 2013 in the United States.
In September 2014, Amazon released the second generation of the Fire HDX 8.9 model that has a faster processor and a more powerful graphics processing unit. In addition, the name "Kindle" was removed from all of the Fire tablets' names.
The Fire HDX tablets were discontinued, and the Fire HD tablet line now includes the most powerful versions of Amazon Fire devices.<PIC>  Both the 7 inch and 8.9 inch LCD models contain a Qualcomm Snapdragon 800 processor that has an Adreno 330 GPU.  The models also have a 1.2 megapixel front camera that shoots 720p HD video.  The 8.9 inch model has an 8 megapixel rear camera that shoots HD 1080p video. The exterior surface has angular, raised plastic edges with the power and volume buttons located on the backside. The Fire HDX features Dolby Digital Plus audio engine powering the two attached speakers. A normal user will get about 12 hours of battery life from a full charge.
The Fire HDX 8.9" refresh in 2014 uses a Qualcomm Snapdragon 805 processor with an Adreno 420 GPU. The sound system features Dolby Atmos speaker technology and the Wi-Fi version weighs 13.2 ounces (375 grams). Both models use Fire OS 3 which is a proprietary fork of Android 4.2.2. It features "Mayday", a button for free tech support available any time, "Silk", a cloud-accelerated browser, the Amazon Appstore for games and apps and Amazon.com services for media content purchases. The tablets can send video content to a supported TV, game console or through a device like a Wireless Display HDMI adapter wirelessly using "Second Screen", but cannot send content via a HDMI cable like its predecessor, the Kindle Fire HD.
The 2014 refresh uses Fire OS 4 "Sangria", which features profiles so each user on the tablet can have their own settings and apps. Sascha Segan of PC Magazine mentioned: "Press the Mayday button, and within 15 seconds, a live Amazon operator appears in a video chat window on your screen to answer all of your Kindle Fire questions. He or she will even tell you what apps to download. I've never seen anything else like it on a tablet." In his review of the Kindle Fire HDX 7" he called the Mayday remote video support feature as "revolutionary" and "Amazon's most exciting feature".
In June 2018, however, Amazon "quietly" discontinued the Mayday feature. The Fire HDX's UI has a "Carousel" which contains the most recent apps used and ones that have been updated or purchased recently.  The Carousel also holds documents, videos, music, and books. The  Fire HDX also has a favorites tab in which the user can access the users apps from any other application. Overview on generations and models for all Fire tablet devices:
Note: Items in bold are currently available.
Detailed specifications for all Fire HDX tagged tablet devices:
The Model number consists of three parts: first the KF prefix for 'Kindle Fire', second one or two letters derived from the code name, third WI for Wi-Fi or WA for cellular interface. Engadget gave the Fire HDX an 85 out of 100, saying that it may be the most compelling case for Amazon's tablet ecosystem. While advanced users may be turned off by the limited app selection, the display's gorgeous color accuracy may make the tablet a good buy for everyone else, especially Amazon Prime members.
PC Magazine gave the Amazon Kindle Fire HDX 7" (Wi-Fi) edition 4 out of 5 and rated "Excellent" while following pros were noted: "Sharp screen. Fast processor. Extremely easy to use. Amazing live tech support."
The Fire HDX's screen has high color accuracy and high pixel density at 339 PPI, and as of early 2013 was one of the highest of tablet devices commercially available.  However, CNET pointed out that no Google Play access means limited app selection compared to other Android tablets and some users may be bothered by an additional $15 to remove ads on the lock screen, while ads on the home screen can be removed with a system setting.


Hideo Noda (野田 英夫, Noda Hideo, July 15, 1908 – January 12, 1939), also known as Hideo Benjamin Noda and Benjamin Hideo Noda, was a Japanese-American modernist painter and muralist, member of the Shinseisakuha movement in Japan, student of Arnold Blanch, and uncle of Japanese printmaker Tetsuya Noda, as well as alleged communist spy recruited by Whittaker Chambers.<PIC>  Noda was born on July 15, 1908, in Agnew's Village, as the second son of Eitaro Noda, who had emigrated from a small village in the Kumamoto Prefecture of Japan. He returned for some years to his home prefecture in Kumamoto, where he attended junior high school. Returning to California, he graduated from Piedmont High School in Oakland in 1929. Noda soon attended the California School of Fine Arts (CSFA—now San Francisco Art Institute. There he met Arnold Blanch, who taught at the Art Students League in New York. Noda saw Diego Rivera paint "The Making of a Fresco Showing the Building of a City," April–June 1931, at the school.
Later in 1931, he was studying mural-tempera painting there under Blanch, Yasuo Kuniyoshi, and George Grosz. He lived for a time at the Woodstock Art Village with fellow students Sakari Suzuki and Jack Chikamichi Yamasaki.
In 1932, he won a prize from the Chicago Art Institute and exhibited at the Corcoran Gallery of Washington, DC. He was a member of the Mural Painters Guild and the Woodstock Artists Association
In 1933, Noda became one of several assistants to Rivera on the artist’s work for Man at the Crossroads in Rockefeller Center Plaza in New York City. (Other assistants included: Lucienne Bloch, Stephen Pope Dimitroff, Lou Block, Arthur Niendorf, Seymour Fogel, and Antonio Sanchez Flores.)
Photographer Walker Evans knew Noda in New York in 1933. Estelle Hama, wife of painter Art Hama, recalled of 1933-1934 "I met Art in New York at the John Reed Club. They had just formed. He was a protege of the artist Kuniyoshi. I knew Kuniyoshi. Well, everyone knew Yasuo in those days. They were friends Isamu Noguchi, Hideo Noda, and Eitaro Ishigaki."
In 1934–1935, Noda's work appeared in the Whitney Museum's "Second Biennial Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting" along with Kuniyoshi's. According to an entry, "Hideo Noda participates in Whitney Second
Biennial; his painting 'Street Scene' is purchased by the museum." The Brooklyn Daily Eagle noted, "Look for Hideo Noda's 'Street Scene.' Noda is a mural painter and a real modern, immensely responsive to the daily sorrows and beauties of people in 1935." Noda was "involved in a conflict over a mural he designed for Ellis Island in 1934–1935. In 1935, Noda's murals lost out to those of Edward Laning for Ellis Island:
It was a great relief to PWA, to the College Art Association, to Architects Harvey Wiley Corbett and Chester Holmes Aldrich and to Edward Laning last week to learn that Commissioner of Immigration & Naturalization Rudolph Reimer at Ellis Island had finally approved Artist Laning's designs for murals for the dining hall at New York's immigrant station. Cheered, Muralist Laning and his two assistants, James Rutledge and Albert Soroka, hustled to get his cartoons on tempera and gesso panels as soon as possible...
No sooner was Muralist Hideo Noda's cartoon submitted to him than Commissioner Reimer blossomed out as a stickler for artistic detail. The Noda mural was promptly rejected because Negro cotton pickers were shown wearing turtlenecked sweaters and creased trousers, because the creature pulling a poor blackamoor's farm cart seemed to be a full-blooded Percheron stallion. Artist Noda threw up his hands and his job, went back to California.
Returning to California in 1937, he painted the mural "School Life" in the Piedmont High School.
Returning to Japan, he continued his work "in the modern art, art societies, Shinseisakka (ja:新制作協会) and Nikka." Noda joined the John Reed Club of New York, where Eitaro Ishigaki and "Chuzo Tomatzu" (Chuzo Tamotsu) were founding members. (A fellow student of the Art Students League, member of the John Reed Club, and artist concerned with African-American rights was Esther Shemitz, by 1931 wife of Whittaker Chambers.) In New York, Noda became acquainted with leftist American art historian Meyer Schapiro, a classmate of Chambers at Columbia, and they corresponded between 1934 and 1936.
In his 1952 memoir, Whittaker Chambers claimed to have recruited Noda, who he said was a communist, in late 1934 as translator for the head of a Tokyo spy cell. Helping him were either J. Peters or Meyer Schapiro. Chambers organized the cell from New York City with the help of John Loomis Sherman, who would head the Tokyo cell, and Maxim Lieber, whose literary agency would provide cover for an “American Feature Writers Syndicate.” Sherman and Noda spent an unsuccessful year (1935) in Tokyo, at the end of which the cell closed suddenly and both returned to New York.
Chambers provided perhaps the longest description of Noda by a contemporary. He claims he was a member of the American Communist Party. He says he was a relative of one of Japanese premier, Prince Fumimaro Konoe. "He was extremely intelligent, alert, personable and likable." Noda agreed to go to Japan to work for Sherman, who gave him the underground name "Ned." In 1936, upon Noda's return to New York from the failed Tokyo cell, Chambers gave him his next instructions, namely to go to Southern France (Nice or Antibes) and wait until contacted. At that time, Chambers advised him to get out of the underground: Noda reacted by denouncing Chambers as a "Trotskyist wrecker." Chambers records his last sightings:
Some time in 1937 or 1938, Hideo Noda... flitted through New York again.
 Before Noda had been alert, somewhat as birds are, as if in him mental and physical brightness were one. Now he seemed a little faded and tired.
 Our brief meeting was stiff. Perhaps he still considered me a "diversionist mad dog" and was disappointed to find that I had not, after his denunciation of me to the Party, been purged. But I suspect that Noda was so silent because, had he begun to speak, the words that came out would have been: "Oh, horror, horror, horror!" I stood and watched Ned as he walked away, something that I did not often do. I never saw him again. Noda died of a brain tumor on January 12, 1939, in Tokyo. According to the New York Times, he had been "visiting Japan for about a year." According to the Brooklyn Daily News, he died on January 11, 1939, at the Imperial University Hospital, Tokyo. Surviving him were his wife, Ruth Noda in New York, and his parents in Japan. His wife had just returned to New York, and he was to join her shortly. In his 1952 memoir, Chambers "wondered whether, in Ulrich's words, Noda had 'been shot by them or shot by us'."
A 1940 issue of the Bulletin of the New York Public Library notes under "Limited or Other Special Editions" the following entry: "Mrs. Ruth Noda Hulley — No. 120 of a limited edition of 500 copies of Album Hideo Noda, by Shinseisaku-Ha." In his 1939 obituary, the New York Times declared:
Mr. Noda's art, which was one of the modern school, achieved wide recognition in Japan, where he was considered an important figure in the modern movement known as Shinseisakka. In this country, his work was gaining increasing appreciation as critice noted in it a distinctive "mode," which in his later works approached the surrealism of Paul Klee and Joan Miró.
The Brooklyn Daily Eagle noted, "Noda is a mural painter and a real modern, immensely responsive to the daily sorrows and beauties of people in 1935." A number of Japanese-American artists involved themselves in Communism during the 1930s:
Both Ishigaki and Noda were members of the communist John Reed Club... However, as Japan’s militarism became threatening to the U.S., Noda was actually "censured" because he was a second-generation Japanese American who had been educated in Japan in his youth...
 (The "censure" above may include reference to Noda's loss of the Ellis Island mural competition.)
Attracting these artists were the plight of African-Americans:
Liberal American artists responded with protest images, again encouraged by the ACA Galleries. Japanese American artists could easily empathize with their black contemporaries, another minority facing discrimination, and they made work that joined them in protest. Among them were Ishigaki, painter Hideo Noda, the young sculptor Leo Amino... The young Noguchi dramatically suspended a contorted, life-sized figure from a rope in his 'Death (Lynched Figure)' (1934).
Outside the West Coast, Japanese expatriate intellectuals formed bonds with African Americans. In New York, Eitaro Ishigaki painted a black history mural for a Harlem courthouse, while he, Isamu Noguchi, and Hideo Noda each produced artworks of lynchings.   According to the Japanese entry of Wikipedia (as of November 28, 2014), the following represent Noda's major works:
Landscape 1932 (1932) watercolor and paper
Landscape 1936 (1936) oil on board
Person, ink
Person (people of the market), watercolor Man at the Crossroads (1933), assisted Diego Rivera, Rockefeller Center Plaza
School Life (Piedmont High School) (1937) fresco (Kumamoto Prefectural Museum of Art, Kumamoto, Japan
Other major works include his 1933 "Scottsboro Boys" (now in the Shinano Desin Museum) and "Street Scene" (which appeared in the 1934–1935 exhibit at the Whitney). Other works appeared in a 2013 exhibition in Japan, including the 1936 "Tokyo Botanical Garden" sketch. Kumamoto Prefectural Museum of Art: Hideo Noda (numerous URLS)
Okawa Museum of Art 1931: California School of Fine Arts (now San Francisco Art Institute)
1932: Woodstock Art Show: "Danger, Keep to the Right" and "The Agitators"
1933: Eighth Street Gallery (with Samuel Shane)
1933: Art Institute of Chicago
1934: American Contemporary Art Gallery (ACA Gallery)
1934–1935: Whitney Museum: Second Biennial Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting (November 27, 1934 – January 10, 1935): "Street Scene"
1935: Nika Art Exhibition (Japan)
1995:  Nerima Kuritsu Bijutsukan: Amerikan shīn no Nihonjin gatatachi ten: Shimizu Toshi, Kuniyoshi Yasuo, Ishigaki Eitarō, Kitagawa Tamiji, Noda Hideo (April 29 – June 4, 1995)
2013: Gallery Toki No Wasuemono/Watanuki Inc.: Hideo Noda, Tamiji Kitagawa, Yasuo Kuniyoshi (April 19–27, 2013) Noda receives mention in many books about Rivera that detail the New York mural.  This includes The Fabulous Life of Diego Rivera by Bertram Wolfe and Rivera's own Portrait of America with photographs by Walker Evans. The Piedmont High School sold its mural to the Kumamoto Prefectural Museum of Art:
The Noda Fund was established by the Board of Education to use proceeds from the sale of a mural by artist (and former PHS student) Benjamin Hideo Noda to establish a fund from which the interest earned is used for grants to support visual arts at the secondary level. The Noda account is fully funded, and there are no changes to report at the second interim and there are no significant changes in the multi-year projects. KotoBank: Noda Hideo
Uki City : Noda Hideo
Art of Kumamoto Prefecture. Kumamoto Prefectural Museum of Art. 1995.
Kuboshima (1992). My Love Died Young Painters. Kodansha Gendaishinsho. pp. 171–202.
Kumamoto Prefecture Encyclopedia. Kumamotonichinichishinbunsha. 1982. p. 647.
Asano, Toru (1982). Amerika ni Mananda Nihon no Gakatachi: Kuniyoshi, Shimizu, Ishigaki, Noda to Amerikan Shiin kaiga (Japanese Painters Who Studied in America and the American Scene). Tokyo & Kyoto.
"Guide to the California Asian American Artists Biographical Survey Records". Online Archive of California.
"Asians in America". Asians in American.
ShiPu Wang (2017). "We Are Scottsboro Boys: Hideo Noda’s Visual Rhetoric of Transracial Solidarity." The Other American Moderns. Matsura, Ishigaki, Noda, Hayakawa. Penn State University Press. ISBN 978-0-271-07773-4.


This is a list of rivers of Argentina.<PIC>  This list is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream's name. Rivers in the table above are in bold. Río de la Plata
Uruguay River
Gualeguaychú River
Mocoretá River
Miriñay River
Aguapey River
Pepiri-Guazu River
Paraná River
Arrecifes River
Gualeguay River
Nogoyá River
Arroyo del Medio
Saladillo Stream
Ludueña Stream
Carcarañá River
Tercero River (Calamuchita River)
Cuarto River (Saladillo River, Chocancharava River)
Salado River (Salado del Norte, Juramento River, Pasaje River, Calchaquí River)
Horcones River
Urueña River
Arenales River
Rosario River
Guasamayo River
San Javier River
Feliciano River
Guayquiraró River
Corriente River
Paraná Miní River
Tapenagá River
Palometa River
Santa Lucía River
Negro River
Guaycurú River
Paraguay River
Río de Oro
Bermejo River (Teuco River)
Bermejito River
Dorado River
Teuquito River
Seco River
San Francisco River
Grande River
Mojotoro River (Lavayén River)
Pescado River
Iruya River
Río Grande de Tarija
Itaú River
Lipeo River
Pilcomayo River
Pilaya River (Bolivia)
San Juan del Oro River (Bolivia)
Río Grande de San Juan
Urugua-í River
Iguazu River
San Antonio River
Luján River
Reconquista River
Matanza River (Riachuelo)
Samborombón Bay
Samborombón River
Salado River Quequén Grande River
Sauce Grande River
Naposta Stream
Sauce Chico River
Colorado River
Desaguadero River (Salado River, Bermejo River, Vinchina River) (usually does not reach the Colorado)
Atuel River
Diamante River
Tunuyán River
San Juan River
Mendoza River
Tupungato River
Castaño Viejo River
Calingasta River
Río de los Patos
Blanco River
Jáchal River
Blanco River
Huaco River
Barrancas River
Grande River
Río Negro
Neuquén River
Agrio River
Limay River
Collón Curá River
Aluminé River
Chimehuin River
Traful River
Chubut River
Chico River
Senguerr River
Mayo River
Guenguel River
Tecka River
Chico River
Deseado River
Pinturas River
Fénix Grande River
Santa Cruz River
Chico River
Chalía River (Shehuen River)
Belgrano River
La Leona River
Coig River (Coyle River)
Pelque River
Gallegos River
Chico River
Grande River
Fuego River Carapari River
Itiyuro River
Tartagal River
Salado River (Colorado River)
Belén River
Abaucán River
Mar Chiquita (Córdoba)
Dulce River
Saladillo River
Salí River
Primero River (Suquía River)
Cosquín River
Segundo River (Xanaes River)
Cruz del Eje River
Conlara River
Quinto River (Popopis River)
Malargüe River Abaucán River
Agrio River
Aguapey River
Aluminé River
Arenales River
Arrecifes River
Atuel River
Azul River
Barrancas River
Belén River
Belgrano River
Bermejo River (Teuco River)
Bermejito River
Blanco River
Blanco River (Río de los Patos)
Calingasta River
Carapari River
Carcarañá River
Castaño Viejo River
Chalía River (Shehuen River)
Chico River (Lower Chubut)
Chico River (Upper Chubut)
Chico River (Santa Cruz)
Chico River (Gallegos)
Chimehuin River
Chubut River
Coig River (Coyle River)
Collón Curá River
Colorado River
Conlara River
Corriente River
Cosquín River
Cruz del Eje River
Cuarto River (Saladillo River, Chocancharava River)
Desaguadero River (Salado River, Bermejo River, Vinchina River)
Deseado River
Diamante River
Dorado River
Dulce River
Feliciano River
Fénix Grande River
Fuego River
Futaleufú River
Gallegos River
Grande River
Grande River (Jujuy)
Grande River (Tierra del Fuego)
Río Grande de San Juan
Río Grande de Tarija
Gualeguay River
Gualeguaychú River
Guasamayo River
Guaycurú River
Guayquiraró River
Guenguel River
Horcones River
Huaco River
Hua Hum River
Iguazu River
Iruya River
Itaú River
Itiyuro River
Jáchal River
La Leona River
Limay River
Lipeo River
Ludueña Stream
Luján River
Malargüe River
Manso River
Matanza River (Riachuelo)
Mayer River
Mayo River
Mendoza River
Middle Stream
Miriñay River
Mocoretá River
Mojotoro River (Lavayén River)
Naposta Stream
Río Negro
Negro River
Neuquén River
Nogoyá River
Palena River (Carrenleufú River, Corcovado River)
Palometa River
Paraguay River
Paraná River
Paraná River
Pelque River
Pepiri-Guazu River
Pescado River
Pico River
Pilcomayo River
Pinturas River
Primero River (Suquía River)
Puelo River
Quequén Grande River
Quinto River (Popopis River)
Reconquista River
Río de la Plata
Río de los Patos
Río de Oro
Rosario River
Saladillo River
Saladillo Stream
Salado River (Salado del Norte, Juramento River, Pasaje River, Calchaquí River)
Salado River (Buenos Aires)
Salado River (Colorado River)
Salí River
Samborombón River
San Antonio River
San Francisco River
San Javier River
San Juan River
Santa Cruz River
Santa Lucía River
Sauce Chico River
Sauce Grande River
Seco River
Segundo River (Xanaes River)
Senguerr River
Tapenagá River
Tartagal River
Tecka River
Tercero River (Calamuchita River)
Teuquito River
Traful River
Tunuyán River
Tupungato River
Turbio River
Urueña River
Urugua-í River
Uruguay River
Vizcachas River