Mayuram Viswanatha Sastri (Tamil: மாயூரம் விஸ்வநாத சாஸ்திரி) (1893–1958) was a Carnatic music composer. His most remembered composition is the patriotic song "Jayathi Jayathi Bharata Mata". Translated "Victory Victory to Mother India", the song has become a standard among classical singers of South India. This song is one of the 18 songs in his book 'Bharat Bhajan' which was published in the year 1948 containing songs in praise of Bharat Matha( Mother India) and Mahatma Gandhi. This book was one among his many publications.<PIC> Sastri was born on 27 November 1893 to Ramaswamy Ganapadigal and Balambal Lakshmi in Therizhandur near Mayuram (also known as Māyavaram, present-day Mayilāduthurai) in Tamil Nadu. He was the second of six children. He was initiated in Sanskrit studies, as was the custom and was put in Sanskrit College at Kalyan Mahal, Thiruvaiyaru. He also studied the vedas simultaneously for some time. This helped him attain proficiency in Vedas and the Sanskrit language. Later, the lure of English education led him to become a student at the Municipal High School in Mayuram.
He was interested in Carnatic music from an early age and trained under illustrious preceptors like Dasavadyam Venkatarama Iyengar of Devakottai, Namakkal Narasimha Iyengar and Simizhi Sundaram Iyer.
Young Sastri devoted more time to music than to his other studies. He imbibed the taste for music from his mother. He had a high-pitched voice and, in due course, he attracted the attention of the local Vidvans (Maestros) who recognized his musical talent. Completing his S.S.L.C. (Secondary School Leaving Certificate) in 1912, Sastri searched for a job and got a school teacher's post. In 1913, he married Kamalambal. He lost his parents in 1915. He shifted to Tiruchirappalli and became a teacher and musician. In the meantime, he gained proficiency in Harmonium playing and became acquainted with Alathur Venkatesa Iyer. He tried his hand at Harikatha for some time at the suggestion of Muthiah Bhagavatar and Panchapakesha Bhagavatar who were his close friends. He later moved to Karaikudi and as a music teacher. In 1921, he moved back to Madras (Now Chennai) in 1921.
His only daughter survived for less than a year after birth. In 1935, he also lost his wife.
Mayuram Viswanatha Sastri died in Jamshedpur on 31December 1958. The burning desire in him that he should become a full-fledged musician made him approach Namakkal Narasimha Iyengar for a Vidya guru (teacher). He also had music training under Dasavadyam Venkatarama Iyengar of Devakottai and later under Simizhi Sundaram Iyer. He moved to Madras (Now Chennai) in 1921 and became a professional musician. He was for some time the Harmonium player for dramas enacted by the Madras Secretariat Party and also gave performances on the Harmonium with accompaniments. When A.I.R. (All India Radio) issued a ban on Harmonium in 1940, he gave it up.
From an early age, Sastri had a gift for composing songs. This was mostly in Tamil and dedicated to Lord Murugan. In 1926, Kadalangudi Natesha Shastri published Sastri's first book of songs "Valli Parinaya Manipravala Satakam". The Madras Music Academy instituted a Kriti competition in all languages in 1929. A total of 9 competitors had submitted 20 songs. Out of  3 compositions in Sanskrit, 2 of Sastri's compositions were the only songs selected for the top spot. A committee of three judges - Tiger Varadachariar, T. L. Venkatarama Iyer and Jalatharangam Ramaniah Chettiar, adjudged his Sanskrit Kriti "Kamithe Karunanvite" in praise of 'Bharatha Matha' (Mother India) in Todi Raga as the best.
He was awarded a prize amount of Rs.100/-, a princely sum in those days, and was felicitated at a public function for musicians and music lovers. This was just the right opening for him to bring to limelight his composing ability and spurred him to compose more songs.
In 1933, Swami Balananda Sarasvati of Kadirkamam, in Sri Lanka (Ceylon in those days), highly impressed with the devotional character of his songs, helped him to publish the book "Murugan Pugazh Paamalai" which contained songs in praise of Lord Muruga . He also gave him the title of "Kantam" (indicating his songs had a magnetic ability to attract audience), the catchword of the song "Kantamam Kadirkamattanilor".
He founded the Bhakta Sangita Mandal in 1933, through which mass singing of his songs was conducted, where he taught these songs for free. As years advanced, he applied himself more to composing songs in praise of Lord Muruga and all thoughts of becoming a performing musician receded as his focus towards becoming a composer increased. In 1940, he published the book "Murugan Madhura Kirtanai" consisting of 60 songs on Lord Muruga. The book provides a rich repertoire of Tamil songs.
In 1947, a booklet of songs in Tamil for Independence Day 'Desiya Jaya Geetham' was published. It dealt with Khaddar, Gandhiji, Flag salutation, and so on. In 1948, a booklet of 18 songs in Sanskrit, called "Bharat Bhajan", containing songs on Bharata Matha (Mother India) and Mahatma Gandhi, was published. The songs are in simple flowing language, set in well known Hindustani ragas like Behag, Bhimpalas, Bilaval. Mand and Desh to ensure they are sung all over the country [India].
There are still a good number of songs in manuscript, both in Tamil and Sanskrit, which Sastri intended to publish such as "Shiva Shakti Madhura Kirtanai" and "Harihara Madhura Kirtanai".  He has composed a set of five songs called "Balar Pancharatnam" in Sanskrit, for children that forms a prayer. The manuscript collection also includes 8 songs on Shirdi Sai Baba, which has come out as a CD in 2007.
He was the first person to set the Tirukkural verses to music and he published the first volume containing the Arattupal in 41 songs with Svara notation calling it "Tirukkural Madhura Kirtanai". This was published during his lifetime. The Sangeet Natak Academy in Delhi gave a grant of Rs.1000 for this. Later on one more volume was published by his younger brother Shri.T. R. Vaithisvaran in 1987. Other volumes of this series are still in manuscripts.
He has also written a few novels and plays of which is "Bhakta Jayadeva" and "Chitra Kamini" were staged. Others included Karaikal Ammayar, Virata Parva, Santha Kumari, and Mithra Vijayam.
He was a member of the experts' committee of Annamalai University for two years. He was the second of six siblings. His elder brother was Shri. R. Krishnamoorthi. His younger brothers were Shri. R. Kuppuswami Iyer, Shri. R. Rajagopalan, Shri. T. R. Vaithisvaran. The last sibling was his sister Smt. Vallabham Kalyanasundaram.
Shri.T. R. Vaithisvaran was also a composer by his own merit and is known for his work Shri Ramarpana Gita Puja Kirtana, Shri Ramarpana Kirtana and Shri Ramarpana Jeevia Kirtana.
His sister Smt. Vallabham Kalyanasundaram was an accomplished singer and recognized as 'Vidushi' for her depth of knowledge in Carnatic Music. She was an artist with the All India Radio and Guru(teacher) to Shri. Vidwan S. Shankar.
She carried on the legacy of Sastri by winning a number of awards in Carnatic Music competitions, giving concerts and conducting music classes too.


The common flat lizard (Platysaurus intermedius) is a species of lizard in the Cordylidae family. This lizard has 9 subspecies, all living in southern Africa. The females and juveniles of all subspecies of P. intermedius have black scales, with white stripes on their backs. The bellies are brown, but the outer edges are white. Adult males have different colorations for each subspecies. Common flat lizards are the most widely distributed and common Platysaurus. These lizards live under exfoliating, or weathering, rocks. Their preferred types of rock are granite, sandstone, and quartzite. These lizards can be found in moderately moist savannahs, as well as rock outcrops. It ranges throughout Zimbabwe, North Province, Mpumalanga, southern Malawi, eastern Botswana, Swaziland, Mozambique, and northern KwaZulu-Natal. This area includes the Kalahari Desert, and several large river drainage systems.<PIC> Nine subspecies are recognized: Males of P. i. whilhelmi are green or brown on their backs. White spots are also present. Their tails begin red and change to yellow at the ends. Their bellies are mostly blue, but the centers are black. This subspecies can be found in southern Mpumalanga, a province of South Africa. P. i. wilhelmi may not be a subspecies of Platysaurus intermedius, as it possibly is closer to the Lebombo flat lizard, Platysaurus lebomboensis.
Males have been found to run shorter distances and go into hiding from a predator earlier than females. P.i.rhodesianus is one of the largest subspecies of the common flat lizard, reaching 120 mm in length. A male can either have a blue-green or a yellow-green head. The head also has three white stripes. The back color is dependent on range. For the majority of its range, the front part of its back is blue-green. The only exception is in Mozambique, where the front part is red. In the eastern part of its range, the lower part of its back is green, and in the western part of its range, the lower part of its back is red. Tails can be either greenish or yellowish, like many other Platysaurus species. Two phases for the neck and chest can occur. The first phase has a blue throat, a black collar, and a mud-colored chest. The second phase has a yellow throat, black collar, and a green or blue chest.
This race occurs in all of Zimbabwe except the northeast, eastern Botswana, and the Limpopo. P.i. nigrescens is 7.5–9 cm long. The male has a black head, chin, throat, chest, and belly. Yellow scales are scattered across this lizard's body. The tail is bright orange. This subspecies occurs near the Shoshong Hills, in northeastern Botswana. P. i. subniger is similar in size to P. i. rhodesianus. The male of this subspecies has a dark green back which becomes brown or black in the rear of the back, with whitish spots. In males from Trelawney, Zimbabwe, their backs are uniform red, also with whitish spots. The tail and throat are orange (though the throat can also be yellow or white), while the chest and belly are black.
A female specimen lived 3.1 years in captivity. P. i. parvus is 65–75 mm long. The males has a dark green back in the anterior, but the posterior part is red-brown. The back can also have whitish spots, similar to many other Platysaurus species. The tail is a dark orange, while the throat is pale blue. The neck has two black spots on either side. This is a reduced collar. The chest and belly are blue, similar to others of the genus. This race can be found on Blouberg, a mountain, in Limpopo Province. P. i. natalansis occurs in Swaziland and KwaZulu-Natal, a province of South Africa. The back is dark green, with white spots and stripes. The tail is orange. The throat is yellow or pale blue, with black spots and a black collar. The chest and belly are two different shades of blue. P. i. intermedius is 85–90 mm long, and was the first subspecies to be found. Their heads and bodies are green or brown, along with nearly nonexistent spots and stripes. The tails are either red or yellow. Their throats and bellies are blue, as are many other males in this species.
This subspecies is found around Pietersburg, North Province. P. i. inopinus males are similar to P. i. parvus in appearance and size. Two major differences are white thighs with black spotting and a lack of a reduced collar. P. i. inopinus can be found in the foothills of Blouberg, Northern Cape in South Africa. P. i. nyasae occurs in Malawi and central Mozambique. They were discovered in 1953.


Daniel W. Bromley (born 1940) is an economist, the former Anderson-Bascom Professor of applied economics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and since 2009, Emeritus Professor. His research in institutional economics explains the foundations of property rights, natural resources and the environment; and economic development. He has been editor of the journal Land Economics since 1974.<PIC> Bromley graduated from Utah State University in 1963 with a degree in Ecology.  He then received an M.S. (1967) and PhD (1969) in natural resource economics from Oregon State University, where his major professor was Emery Castle.
Bromley began working as a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1969 and retired after 40 years. He served two terms as chair of the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics in the University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Agricultural and Life Sciences. In 2014 he published Wisconsin Becoming: The Careful Creation of Prosperity, which covers the history of the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics and its relation to economic development in the state of Wisconsin.
Since 2009, Bromley has been a visiting professor at the Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture of the Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany. In 2011 he was honored with the Reinhard-Lust-Preis for International Transfer of Science and Culture awarded jointly by the German Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung and the Fritz Thyssen-Stiftung.
For three years, Bromley served Chair of the U. S. Federal Advisory Committee on Marine Protected Areas. Bromley also served on a special committee of the National Academy of Sciences on climate change in the United States. Bromley is a consultant, advising the Global Environment Facility, the World Bank, the Ford Foundation, the U.S. Agency for International Development, the Asian Development Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Ministry for the Environment in New Zealand, and the Aga Khan Foundation. His has consulted with the Government of National Unity in Sudan on economic recovery in the south and in Darfur and the government of Jordan on institutional reform in the water sector.
In 2016, Juha Hiedanpää and Bromley published Environmental Heresies: The Quest for Reasonable, which reframes environmental conflicts and which advances a pragmatic, deliberative approach. Bromley has been the editor of the journal Land Economics for more than 41 years. His scholarship has been concerned with more effective fisheries, economic development, and environmental policy. In an influential article, "The ideology of efficiency: Searching for a Theory of Policy Analysis", Bromley challenged conventional notions that economic efficiency analysis is "objective", finding an absence of consistency and coherence in the logical positivism of economic welfare analysis.
In the 2006 book, Sufficient Reason: Volitional Pragmatism and the Meaning of Economic Institutions, Bromley challenged the prevailing economic microeconomic models of rational choice; he offered a competing evolutionary model of pragmatic human action where individuals "work out" their desired choices and actions as they learn what choices are available. Bromley's perspective on volitional pragmatism builds on the philosophical and institutional economics work of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Friedrich Nietzsche, Charles Sanders Peirce, John Dewey, John R. Commons, Thorstein Veblen, and Richard Rorty. Who’s Who in Economics
American Men and Women of Science
Fellow American Agricultural Economics Association
Fellow Association of Environmental and Resource Economists
Reimar Lüst Prize from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany, 2011
Veblen-Commons Award from the Association for Evolutionary Economics, 2016  Economic Interests and Institutions: The Conceptual Foundations of Public Policy. Oxford: Blackwell, 1989.
Environment and Economy: Property Rights and Public Policy. Oxford: Blackwell, 1991.
Making the Commons Work: Theory, Practice, and Policy. (ed.), San Francisco: ICS Press, 1992.
Handbook of Environmental Economics. (ed.) Oxford: Blackwell, 1995.
Sustaining Development: Environmental Resources in Developing Countries. Cheltenham, UK: Elgar, 1999.
Economics, Ethics, and Environmental Policy: Contested Choices. (ed.) Oxford: Blackwell, 2002. (with Juoni Paavola)
Sufficient Reason: Volitional Pragmatism and the Meaning of Economic Institutions. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006.
Vulnerable People, Vulnerable States: Redefining the Development Challenge. London: Routledge, 2012. (with Glen Anderson)
Institutions and the Environment. (ed.) Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2014.
Environmental Heresies: The Quest for Reasonable. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. (with Juha Hiedanpää)
Possessive Individualism: A Crisis of Capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. "The Village Against the Center: Resource Depletion in South Asia". American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 66(5):868–873 (1984). (with Devendra P. Chapagain).
"Property Relations and Economic Development: The Other Land Reform". World Development, 17(6):867-77 (June 1989).
"Private Property Rights and Presumptive Policy Entitlements: Reconsidering the Premises of Rural Policy". European Review of Agricultural Economics, 17:197–214 (Spring 1990). (with Ian Hodge)
"Property Rights, Externalities, and Resource Degradation:  Locating the Tragedy," Journal of Development Economics, 33(2): 235–62, 1990.  (with Bruce Larson)
"The Ideology of Efficiency: Searching for a Theory of Policy Analysis". Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 19(1):86–107 (July 1990).
"The Commons, Common Property, and Environmental Policy". Environmental and Resource Economics, 2:1–17 (1992).
"Regulatory Takings: Coherent Concept or Logical Contradiction". Vermont Law Review, 17(3):647-82 (1993).
"Choices Without Prices Without Apologies". Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 26(2):129-48 (March 1994).  (with Arild Vatn)
"Externalities: A Market Model Failure". Environmental and Resource Economics, 9:135-51 (1997). (with Arild Vatn)
"Indigenous Land Rights in Sub-Saharan Africa: Appropriation, Security and Investment Demand". World Development, 25(4):549-62 (1997). (with Espen Sjaastad)
"Constitutional Political Economy: Property Claims in a Dynamic World". Contemporary Economic Policy, 15(4):43–54 (October 1997).
"Modeling Population and Resource Scarcity in 14th Century England". Journal of Agricultural Economics, 56(2):217-37 (2005). (with Jean-Paul Chavas).
"Volitional Pragmatism". Ecological Economics, 68:1–13 (2008).
"Resource Degradation in the African Commons: Accounting for Institutional Decay". Environment and Development Economics, 13(5):539-63, 2008.
"Formalising Property Relations in the Developing World: The Wrong Prescription for the Wrong Malady". Land Use Policy, 26(1):20–27 (2009).
"Abdicating Responsibility: The Deceits of Fisheries Policy". Fisheries, 34(6):280-90 (2009).
"Volitional Pragmatism: The Collective Construction of Rules to Live By". The Pluralist, 10(1):6–23 (2015).
"Where is the Backward Russian peasant? Evidence against the superiority of private farming, 1883–1913". Journal of Peasant Studies, 42(2):425-47 (2015) (with Michael Kopsidis and Katja Bruisch).
"The French Revolution and German Industrialization: Dubious Models and Doubtful Causality". Journal of Institutional Economics, 12(1):161–190. (with Michael Kopsidis).


Kazuhiro Wada (和田 一浩, Wada Kazuhiro, born June 19, 1972) is a retired Japanese professional baseball player. He played mostly as an outfielder for the Chunichi Dragons and the Seibu Lions of the Nippon Professional Baseball league in a career spanning 18 years. Following retirement in 2015, he has become a color commentator for Dragons broadcasts for the NHK. Playing for Tohoku Fukushi University, Wada was MVP of the Sendai Big Six University League as a senior and won the batting title. He hit .429 for Kobe Seiko in the industrial leagues, then in 1996 was drafted in the fourth round of the Japanese draft by the Seibu Lions.  He hit .190 in 1997 when he first played for Seibu and was 0/1 in the 1997 Japan Series. In 1998, Wada hit .333 in 36 games for Seibu and split his time between catching and the outfield. He went 0/2 in the 1998 Japan Series. In 1999, he batted .271 while again seeing limited time behind the plate, with Tsutomu Ito starting.
In 1998, Wada began playing semiregularly as an outfielder, batting .306, the same average he recorded the next year. He still not yet an everyday player. In 2002, Wada finally became a starter and responded by batting .319 with 33 homers. Playing left field and DH, he made the Best Nine as the top designated hitter in the Pacific League. He finished third in slugging behind teammates Alex Cabrera and Kazuo Matsui. His Japan Series woes continued with a miserable 0/15 in the 2002 Japan Series, as Seibu got swept by the Yomiuri Giants.
Wada did even better in 2003, hitting .346 (.379 with runners in scoring position), homering 30 times, scoring 87 runs and driving in 89. He made his first All-Star team and was on the Best Nine as an outfielder alongside Yoshitomo Tani and Tuffy Rhodes. Wada finished third in the Pacific League in average (behind Michihiro Ogasawara and Tani) and slugging (behind Cabera and Ogasawara). He was fourth in OBP behind Ogasawara, Tadahito Iguchi and Nobuhiko Matsunaka.
2004 was an eventful year for Wada. He hit .320 (.375 with RISP), homered 30 times and drove in 89 despite missing time for the 2004 Olympics. For the bronze medal-winning Japanese club in the Olympics, he hit .333 and slugged .636. Hitting cleanup or fifth for Seibu, he was honored again as an All-Star and Best Nine. In the 2004 Japan Series, he finally broke his postseason struggles in a big way by batting .310 with four homers in Seibu's victory over the Chunichi Dragons. Wada broke a 54-year-old record for most extra-base hits in a Japan Series with eight, breaking Isao Harimoto's record of 7 in the 1950 Japan Series. His 26 total bases were a Japan Series record, breaking Yasumitsu Toyoda's 46-year-old record of 25; he tied the record with four homers in a series and his two homers in game six helped Seibu to a 4-2 victory to tie the series at three. Takashi Ishii beat him out for Series MVP honors, though.
Wada continued his dazzling pace in 2005, batting .322, though his 27 homers were his lowest total in four years. He made his fourth straight All-Star contingent. He edged Julio Zuleta (.319) and Matsunaka (.315) for the first Pacific League batting title won by a right-handed hitter since Hatsuhiko Tsuji in 1993. He was fourth in slugging, third in OBP, tied for third in runs (80), first in hits (153), second in doubles (32).
Wada was on the winning Japanese club in the 2006 World Baseball Classic and went 0 of 2 with one strikeout in two games as the backup left fielder to Hitoshi Tamura. Wada hit .298 in 2006 and finished third in the PL with 95 RBI, second to Fernando Seguignol with 34 doubles, eighth with 144 hits, seventh with 239 total bases, tied for seventh with 72 runs, second with 78 walks (trailing only Matsunaka). He was fourth in OBP and eighth in slugging. His home run total continued to fall, down to 19, but still tied for seventh in the PL.
He re-signed for Seibu for ¥275 million plus incentives. At the end of the 2007 season, Wada opted for free agency and joined boyhood club and reigning Japan Series champions, the Chunichi Dragons in a 3-year, ¥840 million deal to replace MLB bound right-fielder, Kosuke Fukudome.<PIC> Wada's hobbies are fishing, pachinko and mah jong.


Edward William Barton-Wright CE, FRSA, MJS (member of the Japan Society) (8 November 1860 – 13 September 1951) was an English entrepreneur specialising in both self defence training and physical therapy. He is remembered today as one of the first Europeans to both learn and teach Japanese martial arts and as a pioneer of the concept of hybrid martial arts. He was born Edward William Wright on 8 November 1860 in Bangalore, Madras, India, the third of nine children of railway engineer William Barton Wright and his wife Janet, generally called Jessie. She was the daughter of Australian pastoralist and politician William Forlonge and granddaughter of the Australian pioneer breeder of Merino sheep, Eliza Forlonge.
E.W. Wright was educated at Dedham Grammar School, Essex, at Lens, Pas-de-Calais in France, and in Germany. He then worked as a clerk for the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway before embarking on a career as a civil and mining engineer. He worked as manager for his father's mining interests based near Odemira in the Alentejo region of Portugal, from 1886 to 1892, without success. In April 1892 he legally assumed the name Edward William Barton-Wright. Returning to England in 1892, he promoted a company, Barton Wright Ltd., antimony specialists, at Millwall, London, but was declared personally bankrupt for the first time the following year. He then worked for mining companies in Egypt and the Straits Settlements (modern day Malaysia and Singapore). In a 1950 interview Barton-Wright professed to having had a "lifelong interest in the arts of self defence" and earlier interviews indicated that he had studied various fighting systems during his travels as a young man.  While working as an antimony smelting specialist for the E.H. Hunter Company in Kobe, Japan (c. 1895–1898), Barton-Wright studied jujutsu in at least two styles, including the Shinden Fudo Ryū in Kobe and Kodokan judo in Tokyo.
Upon returning to England in early 1898, Barton-Wright combined these martial arts to form his own method of self-defence training, which he called Bartitsu. Over the next two years, he also added elements of British boxing, French savate and the la canne (stick fighting) style of Swiss master Pierre Vigny.
In 1899, Barton-Wright wrote an article titled "How to Pose as a Strong Man", detailing the mechanical and leverage principles employed in performing various feats of strength. He also produced a two-part essay entitled "the New Art of Self Defence" which was published in both the English and American editions of Pearson's Magazine. Excerpts of Barton-Wright's articles were re-printed in numerous British, American, New Zealand and Australian newspapers.
In 1900, Barton-Wright established the Bartitsu School of Arms and Physical Culture at 67b Shaftesbury Avenue in London's Soho district. The school offered classes in a range of self-defence disciplines and combat sports as well as various physical therapies involving the electrical application of heat, light, vibration, and radiation. Club members included soldiers, athletes, actors, politicians and some aristocrats. During the next few years, Barton-Wright organised numerous exhibitions of self-defence techniques and also promoted tournament competitions at music halls throughout London, in which his Bartitsu Club champions were challenged by wrestlers in various European styles.
In 1901, Barton-Wright published additional articles that detailed the Bartitsu method of fighting with a walking stick or umbrella.
In The Adventure of the Empty House, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the author of the Sherlock Holmes stories, referred to Bartitsu (misspelled as "baritsu") in explaining how Holmes had defeated Professor Moriarty in hand-to-hand combat at the brink of the Reichenbach Falls.
During early 1902, Barton-Wright organised and promoted the "Great Anglo-Japanese Tournament" tour, which featured Bartitsu demonstrations and contests in provincial centers including Nottingham, the Sandringham Military Base, Oxford, Cambridge University and Lancashire.<PIC> By 1903, the Bartitsu Club had closed down. Subsequently, Barton-Wright mostly abandoned self-defence instruction in favour of his interests in physical therapy. He established a series of clinics at various locations throughout London, and continued to work as a physical therapist for the remainder of his career.
His therapeutic business, specialising in the use of various electrical appliances to treat the pain of gout and rheumatism, was viewed with suspicion by the London medical establishment and was subject to bankruptcy proceedings on several occasions during the first three decades of the 20th century. These included a damaging and acrimonious suit brought about by Wilson Rae, a former employee who had become a business rival and who was subsequently jailed on charges of fraud and bigamy. Barton-Wright's financial problems were compounded by a series of investments in unsuccessful inventions and other ventures, including an electrical display planned for an Amsterdam music hall.
E.W. Barton-Wright was not included in his father's last will and testament, although he did execute a portion of the will on behalf of one of his brothers, who was named as a beneficiary, in 1915.
Comparatively little is known about Barton-Wright's life during the period 1930–1950. From 1938 onwards, his medical clinic was in his own home, at No. 50 Surbiton Road, Surbiton.  He is referred to as a "famous physiotherapist and judoist" in Attempted Rescue, the 1966 autobiography of English horror writer Robert Aickman, who recalled Barton-Wright as an acquaintance of his great-aunt's.
In 1950, Barton-Wright was interviewed by Gunji Koizumi, the founder of the London Budokwai judo club. Later that year he was presented to an audience at a Budokwai gathering, being introduced as the pioneer of Japanese martial arts in Europe.
Barton-Wright died on 13 September 1951 at his home at 50 Surbiton Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, England, aged ninety, unmarried and in circumstances of some poverty, and he was buried on 17 September in an unmarked grave at Kingston Cemetery in Surrey. It was not until the late 1990s that E.W. Barton-Wright's historical significance was recognised, largely through research carried out by British martial arts historians Richard Bowen and Graham Noble and then by members of the Bartitsu Society.
In 2004, members of the Bartitsu Society initiated a fund-raising project towards commemorating Barton-Wright, in honour of his pioneering work in the martial arts.
Barton-Wright was the subject of dedications in both the 2005 and 2008 volumes of The Bartitsu Compendium and the annual Bartitsu School of Arms and Physical Culture conference (2011–present) is also dedicated to his memory. His life and career are detailed in the 2011 documentary Bartitsu: The Lost Martial Art of Sherlock Holmes.
In June 2012, Barton-Wright was commemorated in a wall display in the Sherlock Holmes Collection at Marylebone Library, London and in an entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.  In February 2013 he was prominently featured in the BBC Four Timeshift documentary Everybody was Kung Fu Fighting: the Rise of the Martial Arts in Britain. Cyrus Barker, the protagonist of novelist Will Thomas' Barker and Llewellyn mystery series, is partly inspired by E.W. Barton-Wright, as is the villainous Sir Callum Fielding-Shaw in Adrienne Kress' young adult novel The Friday Society.
E. W. Barton-Wright and Bartitsu are featured in the Ministry of Peculiar Occurrences steampunk novels by Pip Ballantyne and Tee Morris.
Barton-Wright is depicted as an ally and trainer of a secret society of female bodyguards who protect the leaders of the radical suffragettes in the graphic novel trilogy Suffrajitsu: Mrs. Pankhurst's Amazons (2015), in the spin-off novellas Carried Away, The Second-Story Girl and The Isle of Dogs and also in the 2015 short story The Wrestler and the Diamond Ring.


Vidyadhar Oke (b 1952) is an Indian doctor, musicologist, harmonium player, and astrology consultant, who has done research in the use of shrutis (microtones) in Indian classical music and created a unique 22-shruti version of the harmonium.<PIC> Oke is a Doctor of Medicine, MBBS, MD (pharmacology) from University of Mumbai, India. He later trained in management at the London Business School and Duke University, U.S.A; and in clinical research at Wellcome Trust, UK. Oke was fortunate to be trained at the Wellcome Research Laboratories at Beckenham, U.K.,where 5 Nobel laureates had worked at a time. Oke met Rajiv Gandhi, the ex-prime minister of India in the "Young Scientists' Meet" convened by Raghunath Anant Mashelkar. For years, he gave services in the Pharmaceutical Industry in organizations including Wockhardt, GlaxoSmithKline, Piramal Group; and at 52 years, he retired as President and dedicated himself to music research.
Oke was educated at Raja Shivaji Vidyalaya (formerly known as King George High School), and Ramnarain Ruia College. He graduated from King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College. While in school, Oke was selected to play a Chess match with Ramchandra Sapre, the first winner of the Indian Chess Championship. Oke won Badminton championships including the Inter-School/Collegiate and open events convened by Cricket Club of India, Matunga Gymkhana and Central Indian Railways Institute, Mumbai. Oke's maternal grandfather and mother Shanta were harmonium players. Shanta was also a singer and student of Narayanrao Vyas, a disciple of Vishnu Digambar Paluskar. Oke, a renowned third generation harmonium artist playing the instrument since the age of four, later learned from the maestro late Pandit Govindrao Patwardhan for 25 years to become an ace Harmonium player. His first public performance was a harmonium solo in 1972 on Mumbai Doordarshan. He was a performing member at the National Centre for the Performing Arts (Mumbai) and played harmonium in music programmes at the centre, arranged by Purushottam Laxman Deshpande and Ashok Ranade. He taught Harmonium as Hon. Lecturer at the Department of Music, University of Mumbai, when Ashok Ranade was the head. He accompanied on harmonium; singers including Asha Bhosale, Vasantrao Deshpande, Sudhir Phadke, Kumar Gandharva, Manik Varma, Malabika Kanan, Rashid Khan, C. R. Vyas, Jitendra Abhisheki, Vidyadhar Vyas, Suresh Wadkar, Jyotsna Bhole, Padma Talwalkar, Shruti Sadolikar, Satyasheel Deshpande, Asha Khadilkar, Upendra Bhat, Shubha Mudgal, Vijay Koparkar, Arati Ankalikar-Tikekar, Veena Sahasrabuddhe, Rahul Deshpande; and played lehra to accompany Tabla Solo by Alla Rakha, with Vocal and Mridangam by T. V. Gopalakrishnan.
He performed in United States and Europe, including a concert in Maharashtra Mandal of London, to support the fund for the victims of 1993 Latur earthquake; and in the convention of Brihan Maharashtra Mandal of North America at Houston, USA. He composed Music for Marathi musical theatre, for dramas including Sanyastha Jwalamukhi based on the life of Swami Vivekananda, and Dnyanoba Maza based on the life of Saint Dnyaneshwar.
Oke's research on shrutis in the Indian classical music is insightful and potentially revolutionary. Shrutis are the 22 basic musical notes (microtones) which create a Raga. He discovered that the sequential progression of the notes can be plotted mathematically, enabling playing them on a string, precisely. He created the world's first, unique, patented 22 shruti harmonium which can also double up as an Accordion, to be in the list of Indians who created their own musical instruments. Oke gave lec-dems on his research on shrutis at several locations including a TED-X talk at IIT Gandhinagar.
Oke; the playwrighter, songwriter and music director of the Sangeet Natak Tajmahal, became the second person in musical theatre in Marathi language after 138 years as the same feat was done first by Annasaheb Kirloskar in 1882 for Sangeet Saubhadra. Sangeet Tajmahal was judged as the best drama in the 59th Maharashtra state sangeet natak competition (2020) and Oke was adjudged as the best playwright and music director. Oke brought to surface the existence of a temple in Mansingh's palace which was taken over by Shahjahan to be the queen's grave, in his own words. Taj Mahal: Facts, Fiction and An Unbelievable Discovery (Kindle Edition) – 2021.
Punarjanma : Mithya Kee Tathya (Marathi), Parama Mitra Publications – 2018.
22 Shrutis (Hindi), Sanskar Prakashan - 2015.
Shrutividnyan Va Ragasoundarya, Rajhansa Prakashan - 2015
Taj Mahal, (A Music Drama approved by Maharashtra Rajya Prayog Parinirikshan Mandal or Sensor Board for Dramas, Maharashtra State) – 2014.
Shrutigeeta, Madhav Rafter Publications – 2011.
22 Shrutis, (Marathi), Sanskar Prakashan - 2010.
22 Shrutis, (English), Sanskar Prakashan - 2007.
Govind Gunadarshan, (A life sketch of Govindrao Patwardhan), Bhagyashree Publications – 2006.
Manoranjak Swabhavashastra, (An Astrological treatise on the Chinese zodiac), Udveli Books −2002.
Mitra Jivacha', (An Astrological treatise on the Chinese system of I Ching) Kasturika Communications -1996. A student of Late Pandita Leelatai Paranjpe, Oke has studied Hindu astrology, Chinese astrology, and Western astrology for 50 years. He is a great proponent of Grant Lewi, considered as the father of modern astrology in America. Lewi's Philosophy of Life is that Destiny, when multiplied by Free will, creates human life, which normally appears as a constant struggle between what is existence and what essence) ought to be. Knowledge about horoscope gives a glimpse into destiny and allows for prospective planning of Free will (alternatives and choices) to create the best possible conditions of Human Life. Oke has written newspaper articles and authored books including one on the 12 signs of the Chinese Zodiac and another on the I Ching or the ancient Chinese divination text. He has given invited lectures, besides presenting a daily Astrology programme on ETV Network, Mumbai.
The incorporeal essence of a living being called the soul exists as consciousness before birth and even before conception – a first fundamental fact of reincarnation. Oke has authored a book proposing examples of reincarnation of prominent Indian personalities including Narendra Modi, Manmohan Singh, Swami Ramdev, Mohan Bhagwat, Medha Patkar, Vishwanathan Anand, Sonu Nigam, A.R.Rahman, Rashid Khan, Shivkumar Sharma, Ajoy Chakrabarty, Shahid Parvez, Rajan Mishra, Kishori Amonkar, Alla Rakha, Vishnu Digambar Paluskar, Dadasaheb Phalke, D. V. Paluskar, Anokhelal Mishra, Vasantrao Deshpande and Bal Gandharva. Best Drama, Best Playwright and Best Music Director for 'Sangeet Tajmahal' (59th Maharashtra state sangeet natak competition, 2020)
Pancharatna Puraskar (Harmony Foundation)
Vitthalrao Korgaonkar Puraskar (Surel Samvadini Samvardhan, Belgaum)
Maharashtra Granthottejak Sanstha (Pune)
P.L.Deshpande Award (Uttung Sanskrutik Pariwar, Mumbai)
Bandubhaiyya Chougule Puraskar (Indore)
Appasaheb Jalgaokar Puraskar (Ganavardhan, Pune)
Keshavrao Bhosale Award by Govt. of Maharashtra
Thane Bhushan Award (Thane Municipal Corporation)
Thane Nagar Ratna Award (Nagar Vikas Manch)
Thane Manabindu Award (Maharashtra Times-Indradhanu)
Anil Mohile Award (Siddhakala Academy)
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Award (Savarkar Nyasa)
Dr. Sharadini Dahanukar Hirvai Sanman (King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College|King Edward Memorial Hospital)
Swara-Kranti Award (Nadabrahma)
Sahavadak Puraskar (Swarabandh, Mumbai)
Surmani (Sur Singar Samsad)
Leadership through Innovation Award (Wockhardt)
Best Music Director (Drama), Dnyanoba Majha, (Maharashtra Times Sanman)
Best Music Director (Drama), Sanyasta Jwalamukhi, (Zee TV Nomination)
Ashtapailu Puraskar, (Chitpavan Brahmin Sangh, Thane)
Shraddhanand Puraskar, (Brahmin Sabha, Mumbai)
Pune Marathi Granthalaya Puraskar (Pune)
Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Prakashak Sangh Puraskar Vidyadhar Oke is married to Bhagyashree Oke. She is a Kathak Dancer. They have three sons, Anand, Amod and Aditya Oke. Aditya is also a harmonium player. His daughter-in-law Vedashree Oke is a stage actress and a singer.


Edin Višća ([ědin ʋǐʃtɕa]; born 17 February 1990) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Süper Lig club Trabzonspor.
Višća started his professional career at Budućnost Banovići, before joining Željezničar in 2009. Two years later, he moved to İstanbul Başakşehir. In 2022, he signed with Trabzonspor.
A former youth international for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Višća made his senior international debut in 2010, earning over 50 caps and scoring 10 goals until 2020. He represented the nation at their first major championship, the 2014 FIFA World Cup.  Višća came through Budućnost Banovići's youth setup, which he joined in 2005. He made his professional debut against Ozren Semizovac on 10 September 2007 at the age of 17. In September 2009, Višća signed a three-year deal with Željezničar. He made his official debut for the team against Čelik Zenica on 27 February 2010. On 3 April, he scored his first goal for Željezničar in a triumph over Travnik. He won his first trophy with the club on 23 May, when they were crowned league champions. In August 2011, Višća was transferred to Turkish outfit İstanbul Başakşehir for an undisclosed fee. He made his competitive debut for the side on 11 September against Galatasaray. On 3 January 2012, he scored his first goal for the team against the same opponent.
He made his 100th appearance for the side against Gaziantep on 20 April 2014.
Višća was an important piece in İstanbul Başakşehir's capture of 1. Lig title, his first trophy with the club, which was secured on 23 April and earned them promotion to Süper Lig just one season after being relegated. He had an impact of 10 goals and 10 assists.
In August 2016, he extended his contract until June 2020.
He scored his 51st goal for the team in a defeat of Kayserispor on 14 January 2017, becoming their top all-time goalscorer.
Višća played his 200th game for the club on 18 February against Gaziantepspor.
On 2 May 2019, he was named Süper Lig's player of the season, which made him first Bosnian player ever to win that award.
He appeared in his 300th game for the side on 24 May against Alanyaspor and managed to score a goal.
Višća was instrumental in İstanbul Başakşehir's conquest of Süper Lig title, first in their history, which was sealed on 19 July 2020. He scored 13 goals and added 13 assists.
His 100th goal for the club came in a loss to Kasımpaşa on 26 July.
In October, he signed a new five-year deal with İstanbul Başakşehir.
On 20 October, Višća debuted in UEFA Champions League away at RB Leipzig. Two weeks later, he scored his first goal in the competition against Manchester United.<PIC> In January 2022, Višća moved to Trabzonspor on a contract until June 2025. He debuted officially for the side against Sivasspor on 15 January. On 23 January, he scored his first goal for Trabzonspor against Galatasaray, which secured the victory for his team. He won his first trophy with the club on 30 April, when they were proclaimed league champions. Višća represented Bosnia and Herzegovina at various youth levels.
In November 2010, he received his first senior call-up, for a friendly game against Poland, and debuted in that game on 10 December.
In June 2014, Višća was named in Bosnia and Herzegovina's squad for 2014 FIFA World Cup, country's first major competition. He made his tournament debut in the opening group match against Argentina on 15 June.
On 12 June 2015, in a UEFA Euro 2016 qualifier against Israel, Višća scored a brace, his first senior international goals.
He scored his first career hat-trick against South Korea on 1 June 2018.
Višća retired from international football on 21 May 2021. Višća is a practising Muslim; along with international teammates Ibrahim Šehić, Muhamed Bešić, Armin Hodžić, Izet Hajrović, Sead Kolašinac and Ervin Zukanović he visited a mosque in Zenica during national team concentration.  As of match played 12 August 2022
appearances in UEFA Champions League qualifying
appearances in UEFA Europa League qualifying
appearances in UEFA Europa League qualifying
appearances in UEFA Europa League qualifying
goals in UEFA Europa League qualifying
4 appearances in UEFA Champions League qualifying, 5 appearances in UEFA Europa League
2 goals in UEFA Champions League qualifying, 3 goals in UEFA Europa League
appearances in UEFA Europa League qualifying
2 appearances in UEFA Champions League qualifying, 10 appearances in UEFA Europa League
goals in UEFA Europa League
appearances in UEFA Champions League
goal in UEFA Champions League
appearance in Turkish Super Cup As of match played 15 November 2020
Scores and results list Bosnia and Herzegovina's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Višća goal. Željezničar
Bosnian Premier League: 2009–10
Bosnian Cup: 2010–11
İstanbul Başakşehir
Süper Lig: 2019–20
1. Lig: 2013–14
Trabzonspor
Süper Lig: 2021–22
Turkish Super Cup: 2022
Individual
Süper Lig Player of the Season: 2018–19
Süper Lig Top Assist Provider: 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20


Luis Martín García  (19 August 1846 – 18 April 1906) was a Spanish Jesuit, elected the twenty-fourth Superior General of the Society of Jesus.<PIC> The third of six brothers, Martín was born of humble parentage. After primary education in his own village he entered the seminary of Burgos in 1858, where he spent six years. His intellectual inclination led him to join the Society of Jesus in 1864. He began his philosophy studies in Léon, but revolution in Spain and anti-clericalism forced him to move to France where he completed his courses, first in Vals, and then in Poyanne. There, he also taught humanities and rhetoric before doing his theology (1873–77). He was ordained on 14 September 1876. Soon after the anti-religious law of Ferry (1880) compelled Jesuits to leave France. Fortunately the restoration of the Spanish monarchy in the 1870s had now made it possible to repatriate Jesuits back to Spain. On his return to Castile, Martín, though a man of letters, was redirected towards the Biblical studies and teaching. He became was made Rector of the Seminary of Salamanca from 1880 to 1884, then director of the journal El Mensajero del Corazon de Jesus, followed by the appointment as Superior of the Centre of Superior studies of Deusto-Bilbao (the future University of Deusto) As Rector of the seminary of Salamanca he had shown qualities of leadership and commitment to spiritual and intellectual formation that led the Superior General to appoint him Provincial of Castile in 1886. He handled tactfully the deep divisions between Carlists and Integrists that were plaguing Catholics in Spain—particularly in the Basque area—including the Jesuits. Martin was called to Rome by Anton Anderledy to first pilot a projected document of studies in the Society. A few hours before his death (1892) Anderledy made him Vicar General of the Society, effectively entrusting him with the calling and organizing the General Congregation that would elect a new Superior General. The political tension between the Church and the new Kingdom of Italy was making it difficult for the Congregation to meet in Italy. Martin obtained from Pope Leo XIII that the Congregation meet in Loyola, (Spain). This is the only General Congregation to have met outside Italy. The 24th General congregation opened on 24 September 1892. Martin was elected on the second ballot (42 on 70) and declared Superior General (2 October). The Congregation over, Martín took a round-about route back to Fiesole, Italy in order to visit France, England, Ireland, Belgium and Germany.  This was his only visit to countries which would provide many of the problems of his Generalate. Martin's problems in dealing with Northern European Jesuits can be better understood if one remembers that the Jesuit dissidents with whom he was familiar in Spain were of the reactionary and anti-intellectual type. This experience did little to prepare him to understand the more liberal ideas of northern European Jesuits. Committing himself to govern ad mentem congregationis Martin wrote several letters to the whole Society that were expression of a concern voiced by the Congregation’s fathers: a letter on Religious Discipline (respecting the religious enclosure) (1893), and two (1894 and 1895) on the Temporal Administration of Goods (the spirit of Religious Poverty). Other important letters echoed papal documents on the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola (Pope Leo XIII, in 1900) and on Biblical Studies (Pope Pius X, 1904).
Relations with Pope Leo XIII and Pope Pius X were warm and encouraging.  Given the circumstances (The loss of the Papal States was not yet accepted and the Pope was considering himself a 'Prisoner in the Vatican') Martin felt the need of giving them unsparing support, whatever initiatives they took, especially through the journal Civiltà Cattolica). Following up on a decree of the General Congregation he moved back the headquarters of the Society of Jesus from Fiesole to Rome (1895).
In France, following on the initiative of Pope Leo XIII, he encouraged the Jesuits to reconcile themselves with the republican ideals.  All over the Northern European countries he encouraged greater involvement in social questions (implementing the encyclical Rerum novarum of 1893)
In England, in the face of strong opposition he successfully opened or reopened Jesuit schools (Wimbledon, Stamford Hill, Campion Hall, Oxford)
He opened news missions areas (Jamaica, Honduras) entrusting them to the American Jesuits and sent a Visitor to far away Australia (1895). The apostle of the negro slaves, Peter Claver was canonized in 1888 and later (1896) declared patron saint of the missions among the Africans.
His main concern however seems to have been his own country, Spain, where he succeeded in rooting out integrist tendencies among Jesuits in spite of the backing they were having from highly placed Vatican officials. He gave strong support to intellectual work and encouraged the launching of the journal Razon y Fe (1901).
Historians are particularly grateful to Martin for having initiated (at the request of GC 24) a scientifically critical edition of the documents pertaining to the foundation and early years of the Society. The publication of the Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu were started in Madrid in 1894 and carried on later in Rome. He launched also the major projects of comprehensive history of the Society in Spain (Astrain), France (Fouqueray), England (Hughes), Germany (Duhr), Italy (Tacchi-Venturi), Belgium-Netherlands (Poncelet), Portugal, etc.
Towards the end of his life, after the election of Pope Pius X, Martin had to face the crisis of Modernism (Roman Catholicism). Modernists were hunted and expelled from the Church. So was it for George Tyrrell, English Jesuit, who was expelled from the Society and excommunicated in 1906 in spite of Martin’s intervention. Many others were condemned if not expelled. The Bollandists were also in trouble.
Membership of the Society steadily increased during his tenure: from 13,274 when Martin took office (1892) to 15,661 in 1906. Even at the beginning of his term Martín's physical health had been poor and it grew steadily worse with the years. In 1905, a tumor forced the amputation of his right arm. Pope Pius X granted him permission to celebrate mass despite his disability, a privilege for which he was most grateful. The cancer, however, soon invaded his lungs and he died in Rome, on 18 April 1906. Epistolae Selectae, Roma.
Memorias del P. Luis Martin (ed. by J.R.Eguilor), 2 vol., Roma, 1988.


The Compatibility Gene is a 2013 book about the discovery of the mechanism of compatibility in the human immune system by the English professor of immunology, Daniel M. Davis. It describes the history of immunology with the discovery of the principle of graft rejection by Peter Medawar in the 1950s, and the way the body distinguishes self from not-self via natural killer cells. The compatibility mechanism contributes also to the success of pregnancy by helping the placenta to form, and may play a role in mate selection.<PIC>  Daniel M. Davis has a doctorate in physics from Strathclyde University. He was professor of molecular immunology at Imperial College London and director of research at the University of Manchester's collaborative centre for inflammation research. Davis is a recognised as an expert in the field by the Nature journal of immunology. Davis is a recognised expert for his research in the immune synapse, membrane nanotubes, and natural killer cells. The book's context is the history of immunology, from the earliest questioning about why people become ill and why some may recover, to the 19th century pioneers who demonstrated that bacteria caused many diseases. In the 20th century where, slowly at first but at an accelerating pace, biologists started to build an understanding of the genetic basis of variation and natural selection, and alongside that, the foundations of scientific medicine, including immunology. As Steven Pinker observes, few stories of scientific endeavour have never been told. "This is one of them. Ostensibly about a set of genes that we all have and need, this book is really about the men and women who discovered them and worked out what they do. It’s about brilliant insights and lucky guesses; the glory of being proved right and the paralysing fear of getting it wrong; the passion for cures and the lust for Nobels. It’s a search for the essence of scientific greatness by a scientist who is headed that way himself."  The book is in three parts. In part 1, Davis describes the history of research into biological compatibility, starting with the story of Peter Medawar's life and discoveries in graft rejection. He tours the history of medicine from Hippocrates to the 19th century pioneers Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch, and Frank Macfarlane Burnet's concept of the immune system's ability to discriminate self from non-self. He explains how advances in understanding of immunity, from Karl Landsteiner's discovery of the ABO blood group system onwards, permit organ transplants to take place. The compatibility genes are named as three class I human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes (A, B, and C) and three class II (DP, DQ, and DR), each with numerous versions (alleles).
Lastly, Davis tells the human side of the story of the discovery of killer T-cells. Alan Townsend found that killer T-cells destroyed cells that carried an HLA protein and small fragments of viral protein. Those small peptides were all the evidence the T-cells needed to decide that a cell was diseased.
In part 2, Davis  describes the nature of the genetic differences between people, like having the allele for Huntington's disease, can be small but decisive. An HLA protein variant, B*27, is associated with a serious inherited disease, ankylosing spondylitis, but also protects against AIDS. Other variants protected against other diseases. Perhaps the polymorphisms in HLA, the many forms each HLA gene can take, are maintained by natural selection for competing factors. He explains that variations in HLA genes may predict which drugs will be beneficial for individuals, implying a new era of personalised medicine. He tells the story of how Klas Kärre came up with the concept of the missing self, a sign (by the absence of an HLA protein) that a cell was diseased, and should be killed by a natural killer cell.
In part 3, Davis describes the famous experiment that called for female partners to sniff boxes containing their male partners' T-shirts, which they had worn for two days. There was a slight association between finding the smell sexy and the two partners having different compatibility genes. It could possibly indicate sexual selection for outbreeding, at least in the HLA system. He explains what is known of the role of compatibility genes in the brain. He tells the story of how the variable genes of the immune system affect the success of pregnancy. Far from the baby's HLA proteins somehow being tolerated by the mother (unlike anyone else's), the strong reaction against the baby's antigens helps to drive proper development of the placenta, in particular the growth of chorionic villi that ensure efficient transfer (for instance of oxygen) between mother and baby. Davis concludes the book by telling a story of genetic compatibility between his wife and himself. He finds himself wondering whether all women should have found him exceptionally attractive, at least when he was younger. He observes that on the contrary there is no hierarchy in HLA: some variants are good in one situation, and bad in another. The book was first published in the UK by Allen Lane (hardback) in 2013. Paperback editions were brought out by Penguin Books in Britain, and by Oxford University Press in America, both in 2014. An Italian translation was published by Bollati Boringhieri in Turin in 2016. The Compatibility Gene has been well received by critics and scientists.
Mark Viney, reviewing the book in the New Scientist, comments that Davis covers human compatibility genes well, but that he should have gone into more detail on the different systems in other organisms.
The science writer Peter Forbes, writing in The Guardian, notes that when Watson and Crick cracked the genetic code in 1953, it seemed that medicine would instantly profit: but half a century went by before the genome was decoded, and 98% of it seemed at first glance to be junk DNA. Now its complexity is starting to be understood, one function at a time. One specialised area is the immune system, with its own ultra-variable set of proteins. They are not only complicated, but have many functions, in immunity, sexual attraction (perhaps), pregnancy, and brain function. Unsurprisingly, Forbes observes, this makes immunology, and its popularisation, "extremely difficult". Davis "sugars the pill" by choosing to go into the researchers' lives and struggles in great detail. Forbes notes that Davis does not mention that most of the genetic differences between humans and chimpanzees are to do with the immune system and brain development: perhaps (he suggests) these are connected.
Nicola Davis, reviewing the book in The Times, writes that Davis "weaves a warm biographical thread through his tale of scientific discovery, revealing the drive and passion of those in the vanguard of research." The tale of the pioneers such as Medawar is "fairly familiar but Davis's readable narrative allows them to be seen afresh". She finds the account more challenging as it approaches more recent discoveries, but with "plenty of rewarding moments".
Emily Banham, reviewing the book for Nature, notes that compatibility genes lie at the heart of our immune systems, playing a part in the success of skin grafts, pregnancy, and more.
The biologist Rebecca Nesbit, reviewing The Compatibility Gene for The Biologist, writes that Davis shares many stories of dedicated scientists, brought together by "a small cluster of 'compatibility genes' which play a large role in how we react to disease, and are central to how our immune systems work." She notes that the book is as much about the people as the discoveries, but these are made worthwhile by the medical advances they keep producing, for example with possibilities for personalised medicine, as when people with one particular compatibility gene react adversely to an AIDS drug. She observes that all the same, he ends with the scientist's favourite refrain: "more research needed".


Robert Clive Jones (born July 21, 1947) is a Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Nevada. He served as the Chief United States District Judge from 2011 to 2014.<PIC> Jones was born in Las Vegas. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from Brigham Young University where he majored in English, accounting and economics in 1971, becoming a CPA soon after graduation. Jones attended UCLA School of Law, where he was an editor of the UCLA Law Review, receiving a Juris Doctor. He served in the United States Army National Guard from 1971–1972, and then in the United States Air National Guard from 1972–1977. In 1975, Jones was a law clerk to Judge John Clifford Wallace of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. From 1976–1982, he was in private practice.  Jones was appointed by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit as a bankruptcy judge from 1983–1999, serving as Chief Judge from 1984–1993. He was also appointed to the Bankruptcy Appellate Panel for the Ninth Circuit from 1986–1999.  For six years, he served on the national Judicial Conference Committee on codes of conduct, handling ethics issues for federal judges throughout the nation. On June 9, 2003, Jones was nominated by President George W. Bush to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Nevada vacated by David Warner Hagen. Jones was unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate on October 2, 2003, and received commission on November 30, 2003. He assumed senior status on February 1, 2016. In August 2012, Jones held that Nevada's election law giving voters the ability to select "None of These Candidates" was unconstitutional. The following month, a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit blocked the preliminary injunction issued by Jones, granting an emergency stay. One member of that panel, Judge Stephen Reinhardt, criticized Jones' handling of the case: "His dilatory tactics appear to serve no purpose other than to seek to prevent the state from taking an appeal of his decision before it prints the ballots.... Such arrogance and assumption of power by one individual is not acceptable in our judicial system." The case was ultimately dismissed for lack of standing.
In November 2012, in the case of Sevcik v. Sandoval, Jones ruled that Nevada's denial of marriage rights to same-sex couples does not violate the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution. Jones stated that,"a meaningful percentage of heterosexual persons would cease to value the civil institution as highly as they previously had and hence enter into it less frequently." He also wrote that adoption is "not an alternative means of creating children, but rather a social backstop for when traditional biological families fail." In October 2014, a unanimous panel of the Ninth Circuit reversed Jones's ruling and directed him to promptly enjoin the state of Nevada from "preventing otherwise qualified same-sex couples from marrying." However, instead of issuing the order, Jones issued an order recusing himself the next day.
In August 2013, Jones did not sign a letter to the leaders of the United States Congress urging them to avoid further sequestration related budget cuts. The letter explained that further cuts would have a "devastating and long-lasting impact" on federal courts.
In September 2015, having cited case law that raised concerns about "exhibit[ing] personal bias," the Ninth Circuit identified Jones as having "well established and inappropriately strong" feelings against out-of-state attorneys and directed reassignment of one of his cases to a different judge in order "to maintain the appearance of justice."
In January 2016, the Ninth Circuit reversed a decision by him in a case involving a claim for damages by the federal government against ranchers who grazed their cattle on federal property without a permit. The Ninth Circuit stated that Judge Jones's rulings in the case were "plainly" and "clearly" contrary to law; that he had "grossly abused the power of contempt"; that he had "harbored animus" against federal agencies; that his "bias" was a "matter of public record"; and that he had engaged in "improper treatment of government officials" in a previous case. The Ninth Circuit stated that it had "expressed concern about Judge Jones' conduct in several other recent cases." In remanding the case to the district court for further proceedings, the panel ordered the assignment of the case to a different judge due to the appearance of bias created by Judge Jones' conduct during the case.
In March 2016, the Ninth Circuit removed Jones from hearing a case between Burning Man and Pershing County, Nevada. In its ruling, the Ninth Circuit stated the judge had no legal basis to reject a settlement the parties had entered into and expressed concern about how Jones conducted the proceedings. Jones is married to Michele Bunker and is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and has served in several positions in the church including bishop. He was a missionary in Japan from 1966 to 1969.


Ludwig Wilhelm Andreas Maria Thuille (Bozen, 30 November 1861 – 5 February 1907) was an Austrian composer and teacher, numbered for a while among the leading operatic composers of the so-called Munich School of composers, whose most famous representative was Richard Strauss.<PIC> Thuille was born in Bozen, then part of Tyrol, now in Italy.
He lost both his parents in 1872 when he was 11, and moved in with his step-uncle in Kremsmünster, Austria. There he sang in the Benedictine choir and studied organ, piano, and violin. His musical abilities were exceptional, so in 1876 the widow of a composer/ conductor, Matthaus Nagiller, took him to Innsbruck for more advanced musical training. There, in the summer of 1877, he met the young Richard Strauss, whose family was visiting the town; the two became lifelong friends. His Innsbruck teacher of organ and theory recommended him to the distinguished composer Josef Rheinberger in Munich, who took him as a pupil in the  Hochschule für Musik und Theater München, from where he graduated with honors in 1882. A year later he became a teacher, and few years thereafter a professor of theory and composition. His many pupils included Hermann Abendroth, Ernest Bloch, Ernst Boehe, Richard Wetz, Paul von Klenau, Rudi Stephan, Walter Braunfels, Mabel Wheeler Daniels, Henry Kimball Hadley and Walter R. Spalding, who became the head of the Division of Music at Harvard University, and later taught Leroy Anderson.
A prolific composer, Thuille concentrated on chamber music - he is remembered principally for his Sextet for piano and wind instruments (1886–88), the only one of his works to have kept a toehold on the repertoire - and opera, though his early works include a Piano Concerto and a Symphony. In 1897 his opera Theuerdank gained the first prize and a prestigious staged premiere in an operatic competition sponsored by the Regent of Bavaria, in which Alexander von Zemlinsky was placed second. His second opera Lobetanz was premiered the following year in Karlsruhe and was a considerable, if short-lived, success. He also composed a Symphony in F major, much praised by Strauss, five other chamber works, 13 choral pieces, and 78 songs.
Despite his friendship with Strauss (which extended to making a 2-piano arrangement of the latter's tone poem Don Juan), and despite his devotion to music-drama, Thuille remained a fairly conservative composer during his brief life. He died at the age of 45 in 1907 in Munich of heart failure.  He was married for twenty years to Emma (née Dietl) until his death. They had two children.
Though neglected as a composer, Thuille his posthumously-published Harmonielehre (written in collaboration with Rudolf Louis) went through many editions and was highly influential. Widely employed as part of the conservatory curriculum in German speaking countries through the 1960s, the Harmonielehre in two volumes is an important theoretical formulation devoted innovatively to the practices of the Munich School of composers, and remains one of few existing records providing examples of this music.
While Thuille's Sextet has always retained a certain following, several of his other compositions have become commercially available on CD only in recent years — his two Piano Quintets, the Piano Trio in E-flat, the Piano Concerto in D and the Symphony in F among them. Operas
Theuerdank
Lobetanz, Op.10
Orchestral works
Romantic Overture, Op.16 (Prelude to Act I of Theuerdank)
Symphonicher Festmarsch, Op.38
Symphony in F
Piano Concerto in D
Keyboard
Organ sonata in A minor, Op. 2
3 Piano Pieces, Op.3
3 Piano Pieces, Op.33
3 Piano Pieces, Op.34
2 Piano Pieces, Op.37
Chamber
Violin Sonata in D minor, No.1, Op.1
Sextet for Piano and Wind Quintet in B-flat major, Op.6
Piano Quintet in E-flat major, No.2, Op.20
Cello Sonata, Op.22
Violin Sonata in E minor, No.2, Op.30
Allegro Giusto, Op.39, for Violin and Piano
Piano Trio in E-flat major
Piano Quintet in G minor
String Quartet in A major, No.1
String Quartet in G major, No.2, WoO
Quartett-Satz for String Quartet in A major
Vocal
78 solo songs, including:
5 Lieder, Op.4
3 Lieder for female voice, Op. 5
Song-cycle, Von Lieb' und Leid, Op. 7
3 Lieder Op. 12
3 Lieder, Op.15
3 Lieder, Op.26
4 Lieder, Op.27
Urschlamm-Idyll, song for bass voice and piano (1908)
13 choral pieces, including:
Weihnacht im Walde, Op. 14 for men's chorus
Traumsommernacht, Op. 25, for women's chorus with harp and violin
Rosenlied, Op. 29, for three-part women's chorus with piano


The Saint Dominic Parish Church (Tagalog: Simbahan ng Parokya ni Santo Domingo de Guzman), also known as Abucay Church, is a 17th-century Baroque church located at Brgy. Laon, Abucay, Bataan, Philippines. The parish church, established in 1587 and administered by the Dominican Missionary Friars in 1588, is dedicated to Saint Dominic of Guzman. The parish is under the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Balanga. Since June 5, 2017, its parish priest is Fr. Josue V. Enero.
The church housed one of the earliest printing presses in the Philippines, established in 1608 by Father Francisco Blancas de San Jose, O.P. and Tomas Pinpin who used the facility to print books in Spanish and Tagalog. The church was also a witness to the massacre of hundreds of Filipinos and Spaniards by the Dutch Invaders on June 23, 1647. These pieces of the church's history were inscribed on a historical marker installed by the National Historical Committee (now the National Historical Commission of the Philippines) in 1939.<PIC>  The church structure was erected by Father Geronimo de Belen in the early 1600s after the establishment of the Dominican mission in Abucay on June 10, 1588. On June 23, 1647, the Dutch Naval Forces who invaded Manila and its neighboring provinces massacred hundreds of Kapampangans and Spanish officials and priests in the church complex, while others were taken to Batavia, a former Dutch colony. The current church was significantly damaged by an earthquake on September 16, 1852. Major changes were made into the structure before the Second World War, as stated in a medallion placed on top of the church's main portal with the inscription "Mayo de 1925 ". The Spanish religious missionaries to the Philippines did not bring with them equipment for mass production of books and manuscripts. Instead, they employed the knowledge of the Chinese in the country to construct the first printing press. This first printing press used xylography, a type of relief printing technique with letters or characters etched on blocks of wood. One of the first books printed in the country using the technique is the Doctrina Christiana, a catechetical book meant to educate the local population on the Roman catholic religion, with hymns and prayers written in the local language (Tagalog) and script (Baybayin). Texts produced with the press from 1593 to 1610 used the local language and writing system but by 1604, the Spanish started printing using movable type with Roman letters. Father Francisco Blancas de San Jose, a Dominican Friar was a key figure in this shift from local to Romanized text. By 1608, the printing press which used to be in Manila, was transferred to Abucay in Bataan province. Filipinos replaced the Chinese men as workers in the printing press. Tomas Pinpin, a local of Abucay, is recognized as the first Filipino printer. Among Pinpin's publications was a manual teaching Tagalog speakers the Spanish language. This manual was printed by Diego Talaghay (believed to be his assistant) when Pinpin was appointed as shop manager. The two-level facade of the church is described as of Renaissance style. Its expanse is divided vertically by single or coupled Doric columns. The two saints' niches flanking the main portal, three fenestrations on the second level, and the saint's niche on the center of the pediment are all topped by triangular pediments, each with a pair of decorative brackets to support it. Four urn-like finials top the second-level cornice. The triangular pediment, with its top lined with balusters, undulates down to its base. To the right of the church rises the five-tiered bell tower, with each of its storey defined by decorative balusters and ornamented with semicircular arched windows.


Mike Jenkins (born March 22, 1985) is a former German-born American professional American football cornerback. He played college football for the University of South Florida and was recognized as an All-American. He was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the first round of the 2008 NFL Draft. He has also played for the Oakland Raiders, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and Arizona Cardinals. Jenkins was born in Neuenburg am Rhein, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany;  his mother was a computer operator with the United States Army stationed in West Germany and left the Army when Jenkins was five. Jenkins's mother separated from his father in 1990, moved to Florida, and divorced in 1995, when he was ten.
Jenkins played high school football as a safety and running back at Southeast High School, receiving Class 3A all-state and Sarasota Herald-Tribune Defensive Player of the Year honors. He also lettered in track and field. While attending the University of South Florida, Jenkins played for the South Florida Bulls football team and also ran track. He became a starter as a sophomore, registering 38 tackles, 2 interceptions, 5 passes defensed, and 2 forced fumbles. The next year, he recorded 27 tackles, 15 passes defensed, one interception and was named second-team Big East.
In 2007, he finished with career-highs in tackles (41), interceptions (3), tackles for loss (4) and passes defensed (16). He was a first-team Big East Conference selection and received first-team All-American honors from the American Football Coaches Association.
He finished his college career with 133 tackles (6 for loss), a school-record 47 passes defensed, 6 interceptions and 5 forced fumbles. He was also a kickoff returner, scoring on a 100-yard return as a senior.   The Dallas Cowboys traded up with the Seattle Seahawks moving from the 28th to the 25th position, in exchange for a fifth ((#163-Owen Schmitt) and seventh ((#235-Brandon Coutu) round draft choices, in order to select Jenkins in the first round of the 2008 NFL Draft. On July 26, he signed a $9.725 million contract with $6.75 million guaranteed, including a $3.1 million signing bonus.
He was used mainly as a slot cornerback, starting 3 of his 14 games played. He finished the season with 22 tackles (17 solo), 6 passes defensed and one interception (returned for a touchdown).<PIC> In 2009, Jenkins and fellow cornerback Orlando Scandrick competed in training camp and in the beginning of the regular season for the starter position. In week 3 against the Carolina Panthers he registered an interception, which helped him earn the starting job over Scandrick who focused on the slot corner position. He also established himself as a coverage corner by intercepting three passes in his first few starts. In a playoff loss to the Minnesota Vikings, he was ineffective on two plays, allowing wide receiver Sidney Rice to score 2 touchdowns.
Jenkins finished the 2009 seasons with 5 interceptions (tied for 12th in the NFL),  23 passes defensed, 49 total tackles and was selected as an alternate to the 2009 Pro Bowl. He moved to the official line-up on January 25, 2010 when Minnesota Vikings cornerback Antoine Winfield withdrew due to injury. Jenkins recorded 55 total tackles, 15 passes defensed (led the team), 1 forced fumble, and 1 interception, while starting every game of the season. Jenkins suffered a neck stinger in training camp and missed the entire 2011 preseason.  He came back from the injury and started 12 games for the Cowboys (missing 4 games with a hamstring injury), including the first 7 games, in an injury-plagued season.  Jenkins fought through several injuries, including a hamstring strain, a sore shoulder and knee and a dislocated right shoulder that required off-season surgery. Overcoming the injuries, Jenkins managed to have a solid season recording 22 tackles, 10 passes defensed (led the team) and 1 interception. By fighting through injuries, he displayed toughness that had been called into question by fans and media in past seasons. Entering the final year of Jenkins's rookie contract (which paid him around $1.05 million), the Dallas Cowboys drafted cornerback, Morris Claiborne, with the 6th overall pick in the 2012 NFL Draft.  The presence of Claiborne added yet another talented defensive back for the Cowboys with newly signed free agent Brandon Carr and veteran Orlando Scandrick. The Cowboys selecting Claiborne sparked immediate media speculation as to his future with the team, since Scandrick had also received a contract extension and Jenkins was on the final year of his contract.
He skipped the voluntary 2012 Organized Team Activities (OTAs) while rehabbing from shoulder surgery allegedly because he was unhappy with his current contract and his place on the team's depth chart.
Jenkins was supposedly hopeful he would be traded from the Cowboys and the Indianapolis Colts allegedly showed interest in him.  The Dallas Cowboys' management repeatedly stated publicly they would not trade Jenkins and allegedly turned down several offers.  In the first day of training camp, Jenkins clarified that he did not ask the Cowboys to be traded.
Because of his contract dispute, he decided to rehab his injured right shoulder outside of the team's training facilities, which delayed his recovery time, forcing him to miss all of the 2012 off-season and preseason action. Jenkins was cleared to practice by his doctor about a week before the season opener and lost his starter job to Claiborne. He played in 13 games (2 starts), and recorded 14 tackles (10 solo) and 3 passes defensed. At the end of the season, the team did not offer Jenkins a second contract because of the investment they made in Claiborne and Carr.  He signed a one-year contract with the Oakland Raiders on April 8, 2013 as a free agent, after not receiving the kind of deal he was expecting. He was named the starter at left cornerback and compiled 15 starts (missed one game with a hamstring injury), 75 tackles, 8 passes defensed, and 2 interceptions (tied for the team lead).  Jenkins signed as a free agent with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on March 20, 2014. The deal was a one-year contract worth up to $1.5 million. He suffered a pectoral strain on opening day against the Carolina Panthers and was placed on the injured reserve list on September 10, 2014. He appeared in only one game during his first season in Tampa Bay. On March 5, 2015, Jenkins signed a one-year, $825,000 contract offer to remain with the Buccaneers, allowing him to return to compete to be a starter against Alterraun Verner and Johnthan Banks. He appeared in 14 games (5 starts), finishing with 17 total tackles and 5 pass deflections in 14 games. He was not re-signed after the season.  On July 19, 2016, Jenkins signed with the Arizona Cardinals. On August 29, 2016 Jenkins tore his ACL in a preseason game against the Houston Texans and was placed on injured reserve. He was in the mix for Arizona's starting cornerback job opposite of Patrick Peterson before the injury.


Mable Elmore  is a Canadian politician that represents the Vancouver-Kensington electoral district in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia and is a member of the British Columbia New Democratic Party. She was first elected as a Member of the Legislative Assembly in the 2009 provincial election and re-elected in the 2013 and 2017 elections. Her party formed the official opposition to a BC Liberal majority government from 2009 to 2017 during which time she served as the NDP critic on Insurance Corporation of British Columbia and deputy critic for finance and spent some time as the critic for child care and early learning issues. Since 2017, when her party formed the government in the 41st Parliament she has been the Parliamentary Secretary for Poverty Reduction.
Prior to becoming the first MLA of Filipino descent, Elmore worked in Vancouver driving buses for the Coast Mountain Bus Company. She was active within Vancouver's Filipino Canadian community and within her union. Coming out of the University of British Columbia she volunteered and then worked at the BC Philippine Women Centre. Since her high school years, she had helped organize campaigns regarding social justice issues and the peace movement.
Elmore was a candidate for the New Democratic Party nomination in Vancouver East for the 2015 federal election, though Jenny Kwan won and went on to become the riding's Member of Parliament.<PIC> Elmore's mother immigrated to Canada from the Philippines in 1965 and met her father, an Irish Canadian manager at a pulp and paper mill, while in Prince Rupert, British Columbia. A couple of years later Mable was born in Langley. The family moved to Nova Scotia and they lived in Turkey for a brief time, but they spent most of Elmore's youth living in Manitoba. It was at her high school in Winnipeg, learning about South African apartheid, that she became politically aware and active. Following high school, she attended  the University of British Columbia studying physical education and volunteered at the BC Philippine Women Centre, which turned into a full-time job. Several years later, Elmore started working as a bus driver for the Coast Mountain Bus Company. She was a vocal advocate for social justice issues and worker rights. She was active with the Vancouver and District Labour Council, the BC Federation of Labour, and in her union, the CAW Local 111. She helped organize peace and anti-war marches in Vancouver. With the 2009 provincial election approaching, and incumbent New Democratic MLA David Chudnovsky retiring, Elmore put her name forward as a candidate for the NDP nomination in the Vancouver-Kensington riding. Due an internal BC NDP rule requiring that the subsequent NDP candidate be female in ridings where there is a retiring male NDP MLA, only women could be nominated. Elmore's only challenger was former BC Teachers' Federation president Jinny Sims, whom Elmore defeated in the March 2009 nomination election. Within hours of her nomination, copies of a 2004 interview with Elmore published in an online magazine, called Seven Oaks, were distributed in which, in reference to her anti-war activism within a union environment, Elmore identified "vocal Zionists in our worksites" as a challenge. This was viewed as a disparaging remark and party leader Carole James asked Elmore to make a public apology. The general election was held in May when Elmore was running against realtor and former radio host Syrus Lee for the BC Liberal Party and engineer Doug Warkentin for the BC Green Party. Elmore had the support of many in the Filipino Canadian community who helped campaign for her. Elmore's campaign manager helped thwart an attempt to circumvent election laws by the Kash Heed campaign, a BC Liberal candidate in a neighbouring riding, after she was informed of Heed's intent to mail, in the Vancouver-Kensington riding, anti-NDP pamphlets, which did not include the proper disclosure and documentation. Regardless, Elmore went on to win the general election with 53% of the vote, though her party lost to the BC Liberals who formed a majority government with the NDP as the official opposition. Elmore was the first Filipino Canadian to be elected as a Member of the BC Legislative Assembly, and only the second (after Jenn McGinn) openly lesbian member.
As the 39th Parliament began, Elmore was assigned the role of deputy critic on the Ministry of Children and Family Development, with fellow NDP MLA Maurine Karagianis as the full-time critic. In this role, Elmore identified financial misstatements by Solicitor-General Kash Heed which forced Heed and the Premier to reverse a planned $440,000 cut to domestic violence programs. She was appointed to the Select Standing Committee on Children and Youth in all four sessions of the Parliament. She also serves as the Vice-Chair of the Select Standing Committee on Finance and Government Services in the third and fourth session. Elmore was part of an effort to defend party leader Carole James in 2010 when MLAs began to criticize the party leadership. Following James' resignation as leader, interim leader Dawn Black re-assigned Elmore to be the opposition's multiculturalism critic,  and in the April 2011 leadership election Elmore endorsed Adrian Dix. In July 2012, Dix re-assigned her to be the Critic for ICBC and Deputy Critic for Finance.
In the 2013 provincial election Elmore was challenged by Philippines-born Gabby Kalaw for the BC Liberals, research scientist Chris Fjell for the BC Greens, and realtor Raj Gupta for the BC Conservatives, but won with over 50% of the vote. With her party forming the Official Opposition in the 40th Parliament, she retained her critic roles focusing on ICBC and finance, even after John Horgan became party leader in the May 2014 leadership election, though she was also a vocal critic of the abuse of the temporary foreign worker program. In January 2017, Horgan re-assigned her critic roles to formally focus on temporary foreign workers and immigration while keeping her as deputy critic on finance. Meanwhile, following the announcement that Libby Davies would not seek re-election as the Member of Parliament in the 2015 federal election, the 45 year old Elmore sought the New Democratic Party nomination in Vancouver East. She was challenged by fellow MLA Jenny Kwan and in the nomination contest on March 22, 2015, Kwan was selected.
Elmore sought re-election in Vancouver-Kensington during the 2017 provincial election but faced former senior advisor for the BC Ministry of Health Kim Chan Logan for the BC Liberals and Simon Rear for the BC Greens.
 She won her riding with over 50% of the vote but her party began the 41st Parliament as the official opposition to a BC Liberal minority government. After the BC Liberals lost a confidence vote and the BC NDP formed the minority government, the new Premier, John Horgan, appointed Elmore to be the position of parliamentary secretary for poverty reduction under Social Development Minister Shane Simpson, as well as the deputy government caucus chairperson. She co-chaired an advisory committee on poverty reduction tasked with
offering expertise and advice on how best to implement a Poverty Reduction Strategy and recommending priority actions and principles for that strategy.


Pierre Forgeot (10 March 1888 – 30 June 1956) was a French lawyer, politician and businessman who was involved in issues of war damages during and after World War I (1914–18).
He was Minister of Public Works in 1928–29.
After leaving politics in 1936, he was administrator of the French arm of Hispano-Suiza, the automobile and armaments manufacturer.<PIC> Pierre Forgeot was born on 10 March, 1888 in Anglure, Marne.
His grandfather was a train conductor on the line between Paris and Troyes who settled in Anglure after his marriage to Eugénie Duterme and became a small manufacturer of bonnets.
His father, Gustave Forgeot, was a businessman.
Gustave was mayor of Anglure from 1898 to 1919 and from 1925 to 1927, councilor of the canton of Anglure from 1895 to 1899 and councilor-general from 1899 to 1927.
He owned a vineyard and was a Radical.
Pierre Forgeot studied law in Paris.
He was admitted to the bar in 1909, and became secretary to the Conférence des avocats.
He obtained his Doctorate in Law in 1911 for a brilliant thesis on Les lapins de garenne devant la loi et la jurisprudence (Cottontail rabbits before the law and jurisprudence). In the general elections of 26 April 1914 Forgeot ran on the Federation of the Left platform for the 3rd district of Reims.
He won in the second round. He was the second-youngest member of the chamber of deputies.
Forgeot was noted for his eloquence in the chamber of deputies.
During World War I (1914–18) he was not mobilized, and was involved in issues of requisitions, rents and war damages.
In the elections of 16 November 1919 Forgeot was elected on the platform of the conservative Entente républicaine démocratique.
He joined the committees on Finance, Customs and Liberated Regions.
When Aristide Briand formed his government in January 1921 Forgeot immediately asked him whether he wanted to fully calculate all damages before presenting a bill for World War I reparations to Germany, which could take some time, or whether he would make an arbitrary but final claim, which would be faster but could be for a lesser amount.
Briand avoided giving a straight answer.
Forgeot and André Tardieu denounced the London Schedule of Payments of 5 May 1921, but the majority voted to approve it.
Forgeot did not compete in the election of 11 May 1924.
After the election of Maurice de Rothschild in the Hautes-Alpes was invalidated he ran in the by-election of 3 October 1925, but was defeated.
Forgeot was elected for Épernay on the  Republican-Socialist platform in the elections of 22 April 1928.
He joined the committees on Commerce & Industry, Liberated Regions, Public Works and Civil & Criminal Law.
He was appointed Minister of Public Works in the cabinet of Raymond Poincaré on 11 November 1928.
He retained that post in the cabinet of Aristide Briand from 29 July 1929 to 3 November 1929.
He was reelected for Épernay in the elections of 1 May 1932.
Forgeot left politics in 1936. Forgeot became president of the French subsidiary of Hispano-Suiza.
After the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in July 1936 he arranged for the Mateu family, owners of the Spanish parent, to move to France.
From there Miquel Mateu went to Burgos to report to General Francisco Franco.
Under the law of 1936 the French subsidiary of Hispano-Suiza was obliged to concentrate on making war material for the French forces.
The French company ceased automobile manufacture and concentrated on production of aircraft engines.
A wind tunnel was built in Bois-Colombes for testing engines.
Forgeot objected to interference in the company operations by the Minister for Industrial Production.
On 10 March 1938 Léon Blum came back into power.
In response to the recent Anschluss, Blum was committed to national defense and wanted to boost armaments production.
In the last week of March there were strikes in a number of aviation and metalworking factories in the Paris region.
The CGT leaders had accepted a shift system but were willing to work longer hours in the aviation industry as long as they earned overtime pay for anything over 40 hours per week.
Forgeot wanted to keep the single-shift system, but with a 48-hour week.
Eventually a compromise agreement was reached on 12 April 1938 after Blum had been forced out of office.
During World War II (1939–45) Forgeot replaced Raoul Dautry as president of the Hispano-Suiza operating company when Dautry was named Minister of Armaments in September 1939.
In January 1940 Forgeot met Henri Queuille on 5 January 1940 and expressed optimism about the superiority of the French fighter aircraft and the new turbo-charged engines.
After the German invasion of France Forgeot was directed on 10 September 1940 to continue the Hispano-Suiza operations in the occupied zone.
He replied that he had refused and continued to refuse to make war materials – airplane engines, cannons and munitions – for the German authorities.
He proposed to turn over the factories to the French state, at no charge, and they could use them as they saw fit.
In December 1940 Forgeot resigned from the presidency of the manufacturing company, but retained the presidency of the French holding company.
Pierre Forgeot died on 30 June 1956 in Paris aged 68. Pierre Forgeot (1911). Les lapins de garenne devant la loi et la jurisprudence. impr. Arthur Rousseau. p. 183.
Louis Rolland; Pierre Forgeot; Maurice Hauriou (1915). Dommages causés aux personnes par les faits de guerre: Notions juridiques de l'invasion. Comité national d'action pour la réparation des dommages causés par la guerre.
Paul Gauthier; Pierre Forgeot (preface). Les Dommages matériels de la guerre, leur réparation. Guide du sinistré, exposé pratique de la loi du 17 avril 1919 (in French). Cahors, impr. de Coueslant. p. 56.
Pierre Forgeot (preface) (1929). Les produits finis et la compensation forfaitaire établie par l'article 87 de la loi du 30 mars 1929 (in French). ("Loi Forgeot"). Paris: Ch. Pairault. p. 112.


Wilfred Taft "W. T." Webb (March 22, 1864 – December 20, 1938) was an American politician who served twice as member of the Arizona Territorial Legislature.<PIC> Webb was born in Salt Lake City to Chauncey Gilbert and Almira Sophia (Taft) Webb on March 22, 1864. He was educated in public schools before attending the University of Deseret (now the University of Utah).
Webb moved to Tombstone, Arizona Territory in January 1881. He worked there as a miner for a short time before accepting a job helping to construct the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad in New Mexico Territory.
In 1883, Webb moved to Pima, Arizona Territory. He partnered with his father to operate a family store for a time. The family business was dissolved in 1887, at which time Webb become involved in raising livestock. In October of that year he married Sarah Burns at a ceremony in Salt Lake City. The couple remained married until her death on March 6, 1912.
Several Buffalo Soldiers who had fought against bandits during the Wham Paymaster Robbery identified Webb as being involved in the attack. As a result, he was arrested in June 1889. Unable to post bail, Webb was held until the trial. His father Gilbert, who was also arrested on the same charges, was able to make bail and spent several months locating people willing to testify and provide alibis to the accused. At trial, Webb and his fellow defendants were acquitted of all charges by a jury that is generally considered to have been biased against the black witnesses of the accusation and in favor of the accused. As a result of the trial, Webb became a lifetime friend to Marcus Aurelius Smith, who had served as defense counsel during the trial.  His legal troubles did not end immediately however. For several years, territorial law officers investigated Webb for a variety of crimes including cattle rustling and banditry. Nothing ever became of the investigations. In later years, Webb was often asked if he was involved in the Wham robbery. His standard response was, "Twelve good men said I wasn't."
Beginning in 1891, Webb slowly expanded and diversified his business interests. This led to him eventually becoming owner of the 76 Ranch, director of the Bank of Safford, and President of the Webb-Merrill Commercial Company of Pima. At the same time, Webb became active in Democratic party politics. He was twice elected mayor of Pima and served in both the 22nd and 23rd Arizona Territorial Legislature. During his second term in the legislature, Webb was Speaker of the House of Representatives. As Arizona statehood approached, Webb was elected as a member of the new state's constitutional convention. He was also active in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, serving as an elder in his local stake.
During the US Presidential Election of 1912, Webb became a presidential elector.  He was also chosen as the messenger tasked with taking Arizona's official certificate of votes to Washington D.C. While en route, he disappeared near St. Louis, Missouri. United States law at the time required the messenger to present the official vote certificates to the President of the United States Senate by the fourth Monday of January or face a $1000 fine and loss of mileage allowance. Webb had been informed by a lawyer friend that the certificates did not need to arrive in Washington until February 1, 1913 and was surprised to learn on January 28 that Arizona's congressional delegation were searching for him. He took a train from New York City, where he learned of the search, to Washington. The official certificate was delivered a day late but Webb's explanation was determined sufficient to excuse him for the tardiness and allow him to collect a $642.75 mileage reimbursement.  The reason for Webb's delay did not become publicly known for almost a year-and-a-half. On June 13, 1914, Webb married Claire Noelke of St. Louis, Missouri. The delay had come because Webb had stayed in St. Louis for several days to court his future wife instead of proceeding directly to Washington. Prior to their marriage, she had been a light opera singer.
Webb died in Los Angeles, California on December 20, 1938.  He had gone to the city seeking medical treatment.  He was buried at the Pima Cemetery in Pima, Arizona.