Marcel Paquet (21 February 1947 – 22 November 2014) was a Belgian philosopher.
The most important influences on his thought were Spinoza, Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche, Heidegger and Michel Foucault.
Paquet rejected all forms of Idealism in favor of the sensory world. Insofar as he considered human beings to be no more than fragments of nature, thought was considered by him to be the result of cerebral processes which operate largely beneath the level of consciousness. He insisted on the pre-eminence of the body and the fact that, for this reasons, consciousness observes the results of thought, but does not bring them into being.
Inspired by Nietzsche's notion of Eternal Recurrence - which Paquet treated not as a doctrine but an operational principle, that is as a means of disentangling ourselves from secondary aspects of our identity (determined by cultural, religious and moral factors) in order to recover our primary nature - he considered a return to the body as the sole ethical value.
He developed this Spinozan theme in a number of different directions: ontology (L'enjeu de la philosophie, Platon: l’éternel retour de la liberté), political philosophy (Nous autres Européens, Le Fascisme Blanc) and esthetics, the latter in particular in relation to painting which he defined as the art of rendering the sensory visible. He is the author of a large number of essays consecrated to visual artists whom he knew personally: Jean Dubuffet, Alexander Calder, André Masson, René Magritte, Paul Delvaux, Fernando Botero, Sophia Vari, Corneille (one of the six founders of the Cobra movement), Bram Bogart, Anna Wilczynska-Wilska, Amann.
He is also the author of several philosophical novels, namely Renaissance sécondaire, Merde à Jésus, L’affaire Socrate and Marie et les Jean.
He died in Poznań, Poland, on 22 November 2014.<PIC> Paquet was born in Jumet, near Charleroi.   According to his own account, he had an unhappy childhood. He sought refuge in books, and in particular in Spinoza's Ethics and in Nietzsche's Antichrist. A school trip to London allowed him to discover the works of William Turner; later a visit to Amsterdam gave rise to his passion for the works of Rembrandt and Van Gogh as well as allowing him to meet the situationist painter and architect Constant, whose work Het Opstand van de Homo ludens ("The uprising of Homo Ludens") he translated into French.
He matriculated at the Free University of Brussels in 1964 and in 1967 became assistant to Professor Pierre Verstraeten. His graduation dissertation dealt with the problem of unity in Kant's thought in the Critique of Judgment (L’unité problématique du kantisme dans la Critique de la force de juger).
In 1971, he became a junior associate ("aspirant") at the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research.
He did research into fanaticism and published a number of articles including "Essai sur l’absolu" (Essay on the concept of the Absolute) which brought him to the attention of French philosopher Gérard Lebrun and led to a professorship in the history of German Philosophy at the University of Tunis.
It was during his period in Tunis, which lasted from 1972 to 1974, that he wrote his first published work L’enjeu de la philosophie ("The Question of Philosophy") and he began work on his doctoral dissertation on "The difference between the thought of Kant and Hegel on the question of the essence of art" (La différence des pensées de Kant et de Hegel dans la question de l’essence de l’art.
In 1975, he was one of the founders of the publishing house Les Éditions de la Différence.
In 1978, he obtained his doctorate and continued to work on issues related to painting (René Magritte, Paul Delvaux, Fernando Botero).
In 1981, he took part, together with Hans-Georg Gadamer in the colloquium "1881: The great year of Zarathustra" organised at the Brock University of Saint-Catharines in Canada: he made a presentation of his concept of "dansité", a play on words which suggests both "innerness" and dance, which was later incorporated into his book Magritte ou l’éclipse de l’être.
He subsequently took up residence in Canada, where he lived in Ontario and for a time in Quebec.
In 1988, he taught French literature at the University of Udine in Italy.
Upon his return to Belgium, he made the acquaintance of Bram Bogart in relation to whom he wrote a number of articles.
In Paris in 1990 he met a number of artists of the "New New Painting" group and developed a theoretical account of their artistic approach, set out in a work published by the publishing house Nouvelles éditions françaises.
In 1993, he created the "École européenne de philosophie de Charleroi". This school organized amongst other things courses on the concept of "ethical conciliation" and on a draft political constitution for Wallonia which Paquet drew up.
In 1996, he took up residence in Biarritz where in 1997 he married the painter Anna Wilczynska-Wilska. He organized a retrospective dedicated to Bram Bogart and various events devoted to the painter Amann and the pictorial movement of "New Pigmentation".  L’enjeu de la Philosophie, éditions de la Différence, Paris, 133pp., 1976, ISBN 978 2729100070
Michel Journiac, l’ossuaire de l’esprit, éditions de la Différence, Paris, 1977
Magritte ou l’éclipse de l’être, éditions de la Différence, Paris, 1982, ISBN 978 2729100254
Botero, Philosophie de la création, éditions Ferragus, Paris, 1985, ISBN 978 2905647009
Corneille ou la sensualité du sensible, éditions Delille, Paris, 137pp., 1988, ISBN 978 2906510012
Bogart, éditions de la Différence, series Mains et Merveilles, Paris, 1990, ISBN 978 2729112158
Paul Delvaux et l'essence de la peinture, Éditions de La Différence, Paris, 1992, ISBN 978-2729101053
Saturne et Jupiter, Éditions de La Différence, Paris, 1992, ISBN 978-2729100346
New New Painting, Nouvelles éditions françaises, Paris, 1992, ISBN 978-2707900319
Dubuffet, Nouvelles éditions françaises, Paris, 1993, ISBN 978-2203451117
René Magritte, la pensée visible, Taschen, Cologne, 1993, ISBN 978 3822861646
Zuniga: Sculptures, Éditions de La Différence, Paris, 1996, ISBN 978-2729102050
Le Fascisme Blanc ; mésaventures de la Belgique, éditions de la Différence, Paris, 1998, ISBN 978 2729112288
Plein air : Sculptures monumentales de Sosno, ed. Z'Editions, 1998, ISBN 978-2877202404
Orsini, ed. Cercle d'Art, 2002, ISBN 978-2702206478
Nous autres Européens, éditions de la Différence, Paris, 2004, ISBN 978 2729115159
Platon, l’éternel retour de la liberté, éditions de la Différence, Paris, 2007, ISBN 978 2729116651
Botero, Essai d’analyse philosophique, éditions aBac, Biarritz, 2012, ISBN 978 2953517415
Rouge Absolu ; Amann – Nouvelle Pigmentation, éditions de la Différence, Paris, 2012, ISBN 978 2729119522 Merde à Jésus – Souvenirs de José de Nazareth, éditions de la Différence, Paris, 1989, ISBN 978 2729117948
L'affaire Socrate, éditions de la Différence, Paris, 1989, ISBN 978 2729116668
Renaissance secondaire, éditions de la Différence, Paris, 1990, ISBN 978 2729104894
Marie et les Jean – Souvenirs de José de Nazareth II, éditions de la Différence, Paris, 2009, ISBN 978 2729117948 "Pour un sénat européen et transfrontalier des régions", in Questions Régionales et citoyenneté européenne, éd. de l’Université de Liège, Liege, 2000
"Spinoza et le problème du fanatisme", in Annales de l’institut de Philosophie de l’ULB, Brussels, 1972
"Hegel et le fanatisme", in Annales de l’institut de Philosophie de l’ULB, Brussels, 1972
"Politique de théâtre ; morale sartrienne et gracieuse dialectique", in Revue de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, 1970
"Nietzsche et l’art moderne", in The great year of Zarathoustra (1881-1981), ed. David Goicoechea, University press of America, 1983
"L'Art de Hegel", in Franco et al, Hegel Aujourd'hui, Vrin, 1995, pp. 63–75, ISBN 2711612457


Malibu High School (MHS) is a public high school in Malibu, California. The school is one of three high schools in the Santa Monica–Malibu Unified School District and serves students in the city of Malibu and surrounding communities.<PIC> The school is located in the northwestern part of Malibu, one block from the Pacific Ocean and the famed Zuma Beach in the Malibu Park district. Its address is on Morning View Drive, made famous by the breakout album by Incubus. The school spans 35 acres (0.14 km²) of rolling hillsides between Merritt Drive to the south, Via Cabrillo Street to the north, and Harvester Road to the east. The campus is located next to Juan Cabrillo Elementary School, a public school, and Malibu Methodist Preschool & Nursery, a private pre-kindergarten school for ages 0–5.
The school is accessible via the LA Metro bus line 534. Malibu High School is on land that was originally part of Juan Cabrillo Elementary School. That campus was partitioned in 1963 to create Malibu Park Junior High School, named after its surrounding region in Malibu. With no public secondary school in Malibu, upon promotion from middle school the high school students commuted two hours roundtrip to Santa Monica to attend Santa Monica High School.
In 1992, the district converted the Malibu Park Junior High School campus to its present combined middle school/high school, and allowed MHS's first freshman class to walk onto campus. The State of California erroneously shows the high school established in 1993. Classes were added every succeeding year, culminating in the original freshman class graduating in 1996.
The high school's first principal was Michael Matthews. Under Matthews's tenure in 2003, the school earned its designation as a California Distinguished School and first achieved a national ranking as #177 in Newsweek's Top 1200 Schools in America, a ranking system based on what percentage of a school's student body takes Advanced Placement exams in any given year. In 2007, MHS made the U.S. News & World Report list of the top 100 schools in the United States, ranking #98.
Malibu High School saw some controversies in the 2000s. With the rise of social media, the school was featured in a 2007 CBS News story about students posting videos of teachers on YouTube. In 2008, incidents of vandalism caused a stir with racial implications. Palm trees on campus were removed in 2009. For the 2007–08 school year, MHS's student composition was:
1,303 enrolled students; 52.9% male, 47.1% female
Middle school (grades 6–8) class size averages 163.7
High school (grades 9–12) class size averages 203.8
Student demographics: 0.3% American Indian or Alaska Native, 2.0% Asian, 1.1% Pacific Islander/Filipino, 9.2% Hispanic or Latino, 2.5% African American, 84.7% White, 0.2% Multiple
For the 2007–08 school year, MHS's teacher composition included:
High school: 64 certificated teachers; 53.1% male, 46.9% female
High school: Certificated teacher demographics: 6.2% Hispanic or Latino, 4.7% African American, 87.5% White (non-Hispanic), 1.6% Multiple. The Santa Monica–Malibu Unified School District had performed a polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) cleanup of the school in 2009 and 2010 with the California Department of Toxic Substance Control (DTSC) advising. In October 2013, after three teachers developed thyroid cancer, a group of teachers grew concerned that environmental contaminants at Malibu High School may be to blame; caulk tested for PCB showed levels "slightly elevated" above the regulatory limit of 50ppm in November 2013. The three relevant government agencies, the DTSC, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) were informed and certain buildings were closed to students.
According to various documents and interviews with local residents who were present during World War II, the Malibu High School site served as a military training center during that war. Upon recommendation of Hugh Kaufman, a senior EPA policy analyst, teachers approached Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER) for help. In February 2014, PEER attorneys wrote to the school district asking for a site assessment of the campus. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers responded in July 2014 that the school had never been a military site. The District hired an environmental firm named Environ, whose initial clean up plan was criticized for allowing elevated PCB levels to remain inside classrooms for 15 years or more, for not testing caulk in all rooms built prior to 1979 and for air quality monitoring of only one year. The plan was rejected by the EPA in April 2014. Environ released a second PCB clean up plan on July 3, 2014. Two weeks later PEER published PCB test results of caulking and dirt from rooms sampled in June, and not previously tested by the District, "at thousands of times the levels previously released to the public". Malibu High School consistently ranks the highest in SAT and API scores among its district's three high schools. MHS has periodically been awarded honors by various ranking authorities; As of 2007 Newsweek Magazine's Top 1200 Schools in America ranked Malibu High #184. In 2007 U.S. News & World Report ranked Malibu High #98 of the top 100 schools in the country and awarded a gold medal. Over fifteen Advanced Placement courses are offered at the school.
Besides regular college-preparatory, honors, and Advanced Placement courses, the school is one of a handful in California that provides extensive resources for Special Education (SpEd) students. As of July 2006, 125 SpEd students were enrolled with 26 SpEd faculty at MHS, where roughly 10% of the student body are receiving 24% of the school's instructors. Malibu High School has won several awards in instrumental and choral music. In 2011, all four MHS choirs received "Superior" ratings (the highest rating possible). In March 2014, the Malibu High School chorale choir performed at Carnegie Hall in New York. In the summer of 2016, the MHS Orchestra performed at Carnegie Hall. The school's monthly newspaper monthly newspaper is known as The Current, and the yearbook is called Aquarius. The Inkblot, a literary magazine, was added in 2008, showcasing student stories, poetry, cartoons, and illustrations; it was relaunched in 2016 as The Undertow. During the school's first several years in existence, MHS students who took tenth-grade Biology or the Honors Marine Biology elective course participated in a year-long field ecology study known as The Zuma Project. Taking advantage of the school's proximity to the Pacific Ocean, the program had students collect oceanographic and biological data as well as plankton samples every week during the academic year. The research program has been copied and used by other schools as part of the UCLA OceanGLOBE program. The project has since been discontinued. Malibu High School athletic teams are nicknamed the Sharks, and the mascot, a grinning Mako shark, was designed by an art student in the first graduating class of 1996. The school is a charter member of the Citrus Coast League, a conference within the CIF Southern Section that was established in 2018. Prior to that, Malibu was part of the Tri-County Athletic Association. A study published in 2007 by the MHS Site Governance Council reported that 75% of all honors and AP enrolled students participate in the school's sports programs.
In 2019, the school switched its 11-man football program to an eight-man format. As a result, the school no longer competes in the Citrus Coast League in that sport. Devendra Banhart, musician
Jesse Billauer, motivational speaker and surfer
Colbie Caillat, musician
Caroline D'Amore, model, DJ and actress
Lauren Dukoff, photographer
Caitlin Gerard, actress
Kaia Gerber, model
Taylor Goldsmith, musician
Clay Greenbush, actor
Bella Hadid, model
Gigi Hadid, model
Brody Jenner, television personality
Burt Jenner, off-road racing driver
Chloe Rose Lattanzi, actress
Rob Lowe, actor, podcaster
Blake Mills, musician
India Oxenberg, film producer
Johnny Strange (adventurer), BASE jumper and mountaineer
Dominique Swain, actress
Jordan Wilimovsky, Olympic swimmer Louis Leithold, author of The Calculus, a widely used high school and college textbook Scenes from the movie Smile (2005) were shot at Malibu High School. The film was inspired by the international organization Operation Smile and portrays real-life MHS figures such as former principal Dr. Mike Matthews (played by Sean Astin). MHS hosts a student chapter of Operation Smile to help fundraise, and every year, a few students accompany Operation Smile tours.
Scenes from the Disney Channel Original Movie Brink! were also shot at MHS and Zuma Beach.
The TV series 90210 showed a "Malibu High School" flag at a surf competition.
The school was referenced in the movie Double Take (2001) as Eddie Griffin's character's school.


Ikenna Martin "Ike" Opara (/oʊˈpɑːrə/;born February 21, 1989) is an American former soccer player who is currently an assistant coach for Sporting Kansas City II in MLS Next Pro.  Opara played college soccer at Wake Forest University from 2007 to 2009 where he appeared in 65 games scoring nine goals and adding three assists. He was a member of Wake Forest's 2007 NCAA College Cup Championship team. He was named ACC Defensive Player of the year in 2008 and 2009.
During his college years Opara also played two seasons for Cary Clarets in the USL Premier Development League.  Opara was drafted in the first round (3rd overall) of the 2010 MLS SuperDraft by San Jose Earthquakes.
He made his professional debut on March 27, 2010, in San Jose's opening game of the 2010 MLS season against Real Salt Lake, and scored his first professional career goal - an away match winner - against Chicago Fire on April 10, 2010.
His time with the Earthquakes was plagued by repeated foot injuries. Opara was traded to Sporting Kansas City from San Jose on December 12, 2012, for Kansas City's natural second-round selection in the 2013 MLS SuperDraft.
Opara made his league debut for SKC on March 23, 2013, in a 0-0 away draw with the New England Revolution. He scored his first league goal for the club about four months after his debut, in a 2-1 away win over Real Salt Lake on July 20, 2013. His goal, scored in the 96th minute, won the match for Sporting. Although he was on the bench, Opara and SKC won the 2013 MLS Cup over Real Salt Lake on penalties. Opara logged 21 appearances and was named Sporting KC Newcomer of the Year for 2013.
Opara would go on to establish himself as a regular, solidifying one of the top defenses in MLS over the next few seasons, alongside his central back partner Matt Besler, converted right back Graham Zusi and left back Seth Sinovic. This group won the 2015 and 2017 U.S. Open Cups alongside their stellar keeper, Tim Melia. On November 10, 2017, Opara was awarded the MLS Defender of the Year Award and was selected to the MLS Best XI for his spectacular performances during the 2017 MLS season, joining his fellow SKC player, goalie Tim Melia, on the list. On January 28, 2019 Sporting KC traded Opara to Minnesota United FC for $900,000 of TAM and an additional $100,000 contingent upon Minnesota qualifying for the playoffs for the first time in its brief franchise history. He scored his first goal for Minnesota against the Seattle Sounders off a set piece in a 1-1 home draw on May 4, 2019.  He was awarded the MLS Defender of the Year Award for 2019  On August 5, 2021, Minnesota opted to buyout Opara's contract.<PIC> Opara was selected to the United States Men's National Team on January 8, 2018. After attending the January camp for the national team, he played the full 90 minutes in a friendly versus Bosnia and Herzegovina, his only cap to date.  After departing Minnesota United, Opara served as a scout for Nashville SC.  Opara returned to Sporting Kansas City in January 2022, being named assistant coach for the club's MLS Next Pro side Sporting Kansas City II.  As of match played March 8, 2020
Appearance(s) in MLS Cup Playoffs
Appearance(s) in CONCACAF Champions League As of match played January 28, 2018 Sporting Kansas City
MLS Cup: 2013
Eastern Conference Championship (Playoffs): 2013
U.S. Open Cup: 2015, 2017
Individual
MLS Best XI: 2017, 2019
MLS Defender of the Year: 2017, 2019


Erna Fergusson (January 10, 1888 – July 30, 1964) was a writer, historian, and storyteller, who documented the culture and history of New Mexico for more than forty years.<PIC> Erna was born to a wealthy and well-known family.  Her mother was Clara Mary Huning, the daughter of a very successful merchant by the name of Franz Huning.  He was an investor of real estate and owned and operated a downtown mercantile store and flourmill.
Erna Fergusson’s father was Harvey Butler Fergusson, a prominent lawyer in White Oaks, New Mexico.  It was later in 1883 that he moved to Albuquerque, where he became friends with Franz Huning.  Four years later in 1887 Clara Mary Huning and Harvey Fergusson were married.
Erna, the eldest of four children, grew up in La Glorieta, which was her primary residence in New Mexico.  However, between 1897 and 1899 Erna spent her formative years in Washington, D.C. when her father served as a delegate to the United States.  In 1906 Erna graduated from Central High School in Albuquerque.  Prior to graduating, she did preparatory work at the University of New Mexico (1904) and the Collegiate School in Los Angeles (1905).  She began teaching in the Albuquerque public schools while at the same time furthering her education. In 1912 she graduated from UNM with a Bachelor of Pedagogy Degree.  A year later Erna completed her Masters in History from Columbia University in New York.  After teaching a while in Chatham hall in Virginia she decided to return home and continue teaching in Albuquerque. Throughout her years Erna had various other occupations.  During World War II she took a job with the Red Cross as the home service secretary and State Supervisor for New Mexico.  After the war she became a reporter for the Albuquerque Herald, writing various articles regarding her hometown.  She was commissioned in 1926 by Century Magazine to write “Redskins to Railroads” and “From Rodeo to Rotary” two of her pieces, which many years later along with other short works became published.  While at the Herald, Erna also began a touring company alongside friend Ethel Hickey.  The touring company, Koshare Tours, provided guests with tours of the southwest, introducing them to native cultures.  Koshare Tours were so successful that Fred Harvey, a famous and well to do western hotel and restaurateur, bought the touring company and hired Erna Fergusson to direct the new endeavor—Indian Detour Service.
In 1931 Erna Fergusson published her first book Dancing Gods, which was about Indian ceremonials.  Several histories and numerous travel books followed after her success with Dancing Gods.In her 1934 book, "Mexican Cookbook", Fergusson was perhaps the first to correct the English-speakers notion that "frijoles refritos" meant "refried beans", but the correction never reached the popular consciousness.
In 1942 Erna Fergusson helped found the Albuquerque Historical Society.  The year after she was awarded as an Honorary Doctorate of Letters from the University of New Mexico.  She died in Albuquerque in 1964. Erna Fergusson can be best depicted as a New Mexico writer of the 1930s, honing the two techniques of oral interview and conversational prose style; she was a part of the Southwestern Renaissance, and greatly contributed to the historiography of New Mexico.
Albuquerque/Bernalillo County Library System opened a branch library bearing her name in 1966. Dancing Gods (1931)
Fiesta in Mexico (1934)
Mexican Cookbook (1934)
Guatemala (1937)
Venezuela (1939)
Our Southwest (1940)
Our Hawaii (1942)
Chile (1943)
Cuba (1946)
Murder & Mystery in New Mexico (1948)
Hawaiian Islands (1950)
Hawaii (1950)
New Mexico: A Pageant of Three Peoples (1951)
Mexico Revisited (1955)


Albina Nikolayevna Loginova (Russian: Альбина Николаевна Логинова; born 7 August 1983) is a Russian compound archer. She was the World Archery number one in women's compound archery, achieving it on 9 July 2013. She now serves as a coach.<PIC> Loginova started archery in 2002 and reached the Russian national archery team for the first time in 2006. In June 2007 she became Russian national champion in the individuel compound competition to gain a spot in the Russian team that qualified for the 2007 World Archery Championships in Leipzig, Germany and the 2008 European Outdoor Championships in Vittel, France. Loginova reached the final of the World Championships in Leipzig by winning the semi final over Amandine Bouillot 114-109 after shooting a perfect 30 points in the second out of four legs. In the final she faced 2007 Indoor World Champion Eugenia Salvi of Italy who clinched her second World title of the year by beating Loginova 111-107, leaving her with the silver medal. At the European Championships in Vittel she reached the individual quarter final to lose to the eventual champion Aurore Trayan, while in the team event (alongside Sofia Goncharova and Anna Kazantseva) Russia went on to win the title with a 233-222 win over the Netherlands. At the World University Championships she claimed the bronze medal in the individual competition.
At the 2009 Summer Universiade in Belgrade Loginova managed to win two medals. A gold one in the mixed team event together with Danzan Khaludorov and a silver medal in the women's team event with Natalia Avdeeva and Viktoria Balzhanova. She claimed her first World title also in 2009, winning both the individual and team competition at the 2009 World Outdoor Championships in Ulsan, South Korea. In the team event she won the gold medal together with Ekaterina Korobeynikova and Viktoria Balzhanova by beating the home nation in the final. Individually she beat South African archer Jorina Coetzee in the final, while Laura Longo from Italy took the bronze medal. With the Russian team she won the gold medal at the 2010 World Cup encounter in Poreč, Croatia in 2010. The European Outdoor Championships of 2010 that followed in Rovereto were less successful. Both individually and in the Russian team she was eliminated in the semi finals, having to fight for the bronze medal, which both succeeded. Later on that year the Russian team recovered with a win in the World Cup held in Antalya, Turkey, while Loginova individually managed to win the prestigious FITA Archery World Cup Final held in Edinburgh, Great Britain.
2011 started good for Loginova at the World Cup Indoor Challenge held in Las Vegas. With a 7-1 semi final win over first seed Jamie Van Natta she reached the final in which she was too strong for the Belgian archer Gladys Willems in a 6-2 victory. At the 2011 Archery European Indoor Championships held in Cambrils, Spain she finished second behind Marcella Tonioli in the individual competition and she took the gold medal with Viktoria Balzhanova in the women's team event. In preparation to the World Championships to be held in Turin Loginova managed to win the individual and the team competition at the 2011 European Archery Grand Prix meeting in Boé, France and a bronze medal at the World Cup meeting in Shanghai individually. Then in Turin at the World Championships she successfully defended her World Championships title with a win in the final over Pascale Lebecque.
The 2012 World Indoor Championships were held in Las Vegas. Individually Laginova disappointed with not even reaching the quarter finals, but in the team event Russia went on to reach the final. Together with Natalia Avdeeva and Viktoria Balzhanova, Loginova won the silver medal as the team from the United States were too strong. At the 2012 FITA Archery World Cup in Shanghai two silver medals were won (individually and in the team event), while in Antalya Loginova won her first individual World Cup gold medal after she won the World Cup Final in Edinburgh 2010. Later that year she won the bronze medal with Dmitry Kozhin in the mixed team event at the European Outdoor Championships in Amsterdam. 2005
6th, European Grand Prix, individual, Sofia
2006
6th, World University Championships, individual, Slovakia
11th, European Outdoor Championships, individual, Athens
2007
32nd, World Cup, individual, Varese
 World Outdoor Championships, individual, Leipzig
12th, World Cup, individual, Dover
2008
 World Cup, individual, Santo Domingo
 World Cup, women's team, Santo Domingo
10th, World Cup, individual, Poreč
4th, World Cup, women's team, Poreč
6th, European Outdoor Championships, individual, Vittel
 European Outdoor Championships, women's team, Vittel
10th, World Cup, individual, Antalya
 World Cup, women's team, Antalya
9th, World Cup, individual, Boé
 World Cup, women's team, Boé
 World University Championships, individual, Tainan
2009
12th, World Indoor Championships, individual, Rzeszow
4th, World Indoor Championships, women's team, Rzeszow
 European Grand Prix, individual, Riom
5th, World Cup, individual, Poreč
, World Cup, women's team, Poreč
9th, World Cup, individual, Antalya
9th, World Cup, women's team, Antalya
 Summer Universiade, mixed team, Belgrade
 Summer Universiade, women's team, Belgrade
4th, Summer Universiade, individual, Belgrade
 World Cup, women's team, Shanghai
 World Cup, individual, Shanghai
 World Outdoor Championships, individual, Ulsan
 World Outdoor Championships, women's team, Ulsan
2010
 World Cup, women's team, Poreč
6th, World Cup, individual, Poreč
9th, World Cup, mixed team, Poreč
, European Outdoor Championships, individual, Rovereto
, European Outdoor Championships, women's team, Rovereto
5th, European Outdoor Championships, mixed team, Rovereto
, World Cup, women' team, Antalya
5th, World Cup, individual, Antalya
9th, European Grand Prix, individual, Moscow
5th, World Cup, individual, Ogden
 World Cup, women's team, Shanghai
4th, World Cup, individual, Shanghai
8th, World Cup, mixed team, Shanghai
 World Cup Final, individual, Edinburgh
2011
 World Cup Indoor Challenge, individual, Las Vegas
 European Indoor Championships, women's team, Cambrils
 European Indoor Championships, individual, Cambrils
 EMAU Grand Prix, individual, Antalya
 EMAU Grand Prix, mixed team, Antalya
 World Cup, women's team, Poreč
4th, World Cup, mixed team, Poreč
5th, World Cup, individual, Poreč
 EMAU Grand Prix, individual, Boé
 EMAU Grand Prix, women's team, Boé
 World Cup, individual, Antalya
5th, World Cup, women's team, Antalya
5th, World Cup, mixed team, Antalya
 World Outdoor Championships, individual, Turin
6th, World Outdoor Championships, women's team, Turin
10th, World Outdoor Championships, mixed team, Turin
8th, World Cup, individual, Ogden
 World Cup, women's team, Shanghai
5th, World Cup, mixed team, Shanghai
7th, World Cup, individual, Shanghai
6th, World Cup, individual, Istanbul
2012
 World Indoor Championships, women's team, Las Vegas
9th, World Indoor Championships, individual, Las Vegas
9th, World Cup Indoor Final, individual, Las Vegas
 World Cup, individual, Shanghai
 World Cup, women's team, Shanghai
 World Cup, individual, Antalya
4th, World Cup, women's team, Antalya
9th, World Cup, mixed team, Antalya
 European Championships, mixed team, Amsterdam
4th, European Championships, women's team, Amsterdam
9th, European Championships, individual, Amsterdam


The Atascadero Printery is a historic building in Atascadero, California. Built in 1915 to house a printing company, it later was home to a junior college, a prep school, a Masonic Temple, a school district office, a sheriff's substation, a live-in studio for a photographer, a karate studio, a commercial business, and community events. In 2017, the building, in a state of disrepair, was put up for public auction and purchased for $300,000 by the non-profit Atascadero Printery Foundation, which plans to restore and remodel it as a community center.<PIC> The founder of the city, and publisher by trade, Edward Gardner Lewis built the edifice in 1915 for the printing of his magazines and periodicals. Sources vary on the dimensions of the building, ranging from 16,000 square feet (1,500 m²) to 19,354 square feet (1,798.0 m²). In 1916, 100,000 copies of the Atascadero News were printed here. At the time, Lewis had several magazines in circulation targeted to women, as well as a national daily newspaper. For a period, the San Francisco Chronicle's Sunday circular was also printed in the building. Some sources cite that the site housed the first and largest rotogravure printing press in the United States, while others say it was at least the first in the Western United States. During the printing house era, nearly one million copies of print media were published in the printery, making it "the largest and most prolific operation in America".
The printing company closed in the late 1920s and the building housed two prep schools before being purchased by the Masonic Temple Association in the 1950s. Around 1994, the Masons donated 99% of the building to the City of Atascadero with the hopes of it being renovated into a youth center, and a later condition that if it were not, ownership would revert to the Masons. The city decided it was more cost-effective to build a community center rather than retrofit an older building to make it earthquake-safe, but wanted to hold on to the ownership of the former printery. The 2003 San Simeon Earthquake heavily damaged the building, preventing its use by the public; it was deemed in 2017 to require $9 million in restoration. A nonprofit foundation was started in 2015 to save the building from disrepair and to gain possession of it from an LLC of local citizen Kelly Gearhart, recently convicted of fraud. Gearhart had plans to turn the building into an events center that would be used by the public at least four times a year to comply with the Masons' agreement with the city government. These plans were delayed by the legal issues Gearhart was involved in, yet prevented the city from entering the premises with Gearhart's assets being taken into bankruptcy. The building was scheduled for public auction in May 2016 with a $1 million lien and $400,000 in back taxes. In 2017, it was revealed that the purchase would require $283,000 from the newly formed nonprofit, the Atascadero Printery Foundation, and that they had raised around $40,000. The foundation then began direct negotiations with the United States Attorney's Office to see if a deal could be made to release the lien.
In 2017, the property ended up in an online public auction along with the other Gearhart properties. The Atascadero Printery Foundation won the bid at just over $300,000, with $60,000 coming from donations and the remaining monies from an anonymous donor as a loan. The group plans to remodel the grounds for a "multipurpose, community facility" including a community theater, after-school arts programs, senior citizens' club, museum, and more.
As of 2018, the foundation was seeking $8 million to complete restorations and remodels for the building to fulfill the vision of becoming a community center, and had planned many fundraising events to work toward this goal. The building was nominated in 2000 and secured historic status on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.


Eriogonum pelinophilum is a rare species of wild buckwheat known by the common name clay-loving wild buckwheat. It is endemic to the state of Colorado in the United States, where it is known from only two counties. The most recent estimates available suggest there are 12 occurrences in existence for a total of about 278,000 individual plants in Delta and Montrose Counties. At least 7 occurrences observed in the past have not been relocated but are not yet believed extirpated. This plant is federally listed as an endangered species of the United States.<PIC> This is a subshrub with branches spreading wider than they grow tall, the plant reaching perhaps 12 centimeters tall by 40 wide. The woody stem bases emerge from a big taproot, and as they age the bark comes off in strips or plates. The upper branches are hairless or tufted with bits of hair. There are solitary leaves widely spaced on the branches. They are lance-shaped, no more than 1.5 centimeters long, and hairy on the undersides. The inflorescence is a small, dense cyme of flowers 2 or 3 centimeters long and packed with tiny whitish or cream-colored flowers. The flowers are pollinated by ants, of which 18 species have been observed on the plants.  This plant was first collected in 1958 but proved difficult to relocate in the wild. When it was finally found, Eriogonum expert James L. Reveal examined it in the field, compared it to the similar buckwheat Eriogonum contortum, and named it as a new species in 1973. Recent genetic analysis confirms that these two species and Eriogonum clavellatum are indeed similar but are 3 distinct species. The clay-loving wild buckwheat is known only from the adobe clay hills and flats near Delta and Montrose, Colorado. All the occurrences can be found within an area of land 28.5 miles long by 11.5 miles wide. The substrate is pale whitish clay with an alkaline pH that originated from Cretaceous marine sediment. This is not generally a soil type that is hospitable to most plant life; it is very fine-grained, dense, compacted, rich in calcium carbonate, and prone to shrinking and swelling. The soil does not retain water, the pH is high, it is not easy for roots to penetrate, and there is little oxygen. The clay-loving wild buckwheat grows in areas where some moisture is retained, such as swales, where snow persists a bit longer. The habitat supports a few other plants that tolerate the landscape, including mat saltbrush (Atriplex corrugata) and black sagebrush (Artemisia nova), and another adobe-adapted local endemic, the Adobe Hills beardtongue (Penstemon retrorsa). In most areas, the clay-loving buckwheat is the dominant species. This plant has a limited distribution and is found only on a specific substrate. 75% of its habitat is on privately owned land with little protection. Its limited range is threatened by a number of forces. Nearby towns have experienced rapid growth, which has led to an expansion of residential areas with construction of houses, power lines and other utilities, and roads. The area lies within the Uncompahgre River Valley, which hosts agricultural operations fed by a number of canals and ditches. These have access roads. The construction and maintenance of the canals and roads create disturbance in the habitat and help introduce invasive plants to the area. Sediment scooped from the canals is dumped in the plant's habitat. About 40% of the plant's total habitat is affected by these activities. Off-road vehicle use damages the landscape by compacting and eroding soil, creating dust, fragmenting the habitat, and crushing individual plants. The adobe clay substrate is easily broken and eroded because it is bare and contains few plant roots to hold it together. ORV use is currently prohibited in much of the plant's habitat, but if federal protection was removed the threat would be greater.


Ummera is a townland in the Civil Parish of Tomregan, Barony of Knockninny, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland.<PIC> The townland name is an anglicisation of the Gaelic placename- "An t-Iomaire" which means 'The Hill-Ridge' (referring to the drumlin hill in the townland). The older placename spellings include the initial 't' but it was dropped by the 1820s. The oldest surviving mention of the name is in a grant dated 14 October 1612 where it is spelled 'Taumory'. Spellings in later documents are- 1630 Tomery; 1639 Temnery; 1675 Tumerie; 1721 Temerie and 1827 Umera. It is bounded on the north by Gortaree townland, on the east by Aghindisert and Drumderg townlands, on the south by Gortineddan townland and on the west by Gortmullan and Knockateggal townlands. Its chief geographical feature is a drumlin hill reaching to 60 metres above sea-level. The townland is traversed by the B127 Border Road to Ballyconnell and the C431 Teemore Road. Ummera covers an area of 107 statute acres. The townland formed part of the ballybetagh of Calvagh in medieval times. As it was a border townland the ownership was contested between the McGovern and Maguire clans. At the time of the 1609 Ulster Plantation the townland was overlooked and does not appear on the Plantation Baronial maps. The map for Knockninny barony stops on the east bank of the stream entering the Woodford river between the townlands of Derryhooly and Corry townlands, while the Tullyhaw barony map stops where the Irish border is now, thus omitting that part of Tomregan parish which lies in County Fermanagh. The mapping of Fermanagh and Cavan only took about 10 days each, which was insufficient time to make a proper survey. A different surveyor was sent into each barony to draw up his own map so the error probably arose because the surveyor who drew the Knockninny map assumed the omitted townlands were in County Cavan and the Tullyhaw surveyor who was probably a different man then assumed the lands were in County Fermanagh. This confusion lasted a few years.  Taking advantage of this, Lady Margaret O’Neill, the widow of Hugh Maguire (Lord of Fermanagh) claimed the land. An order of the Lord Deputy dated 14 October 1612 states- Wheras The Lady Margrett ny Neale, wyddowe, late wyfe to Sir Hugh Maguyre knight deceased, hath discovered the parcells of land beinge eight tates, and doe lye betweene Knockneny in the County of Fermanagh and Tollagh in the County of Cavan and not within anie Undertakers portion who have since enjoyed the same as it hath been certified by the Surveyors ... we enact that the said Lady Margrett shall receive the next Hallowtyde rent due out of the said eight tates and thence forth until his Majesty decides otherwise. The eight tates included one tate of Taumory. An Inquisition held at Newtownbutler on 20 January 1630 stated that Sir Stephen Butler owned, inter alia, 1 tate of Tomery. An Inquisition held at Netownbutler on 23 March 1639 stated that James Balfour owned, inter alia, 1 tate of Temnery. A grant dated 8 December 1675 to Charles Balfour of Castle Balfour, included, inter alia, the lands of Tumerie. A lease dated 28 July 1721 from William Balfour to Hugh Henry includes, inter alia, the lands of Temerie.
In July 1751 no residents were entitled to vote in the townland.
The Tithe Applotment Books for 1827 (which spell it as Umera) list the following tithepayers in the townland- McKenna, Crawford, Cosgrove, Wallace, Ross, McGee.
The Ummera Valuation Office Field books are available for May 1836.
Griffith's Valuation of 1857 lists twelve occupiers in the townland. The landlord of Ummera in the 1850s was Robert Collins, M.D., of Garvary Lodge. In the 1901 census of Ireland, there are ten families listed in the townland.
In the 1911 census of Ireland, there are nine families listed in the townland. There are no historic sites in the townland.


The Colt Official Police is a medium frame, double-action revolver with a six-round cylinder, primarily chambered for the .38 Special cartridge, and manufactured by the Colt's Manufacturing Company. Released in 1908 as the Colt Army Special, the revolver was renamed the "Colt's Official Police" in 1927 in order to better market to law enforcement agencies. It became one of the best selling police firearms of all time, eventually in the 1950s coming to exemplify typical law enforcement officer weaponry.  The Official Police was also used by various U.S. and allied military forces during World War II.<PIC> As the 20th Century began, the older .32 caliber revolvers which had been standard-issue for the majority of American police departments began to be phased out in favor of the larger-bore .38 caliber. In 1908 Colt introduced a sleek and modernized revolver they dubbed the Army Special, which in the powerful (for the time) and popular .38 Special quickly became the issue service revolver of many departments.
During the same period, revolvers began to fall out of favor with the U.S. Military, especially after the adoption on the U.S. Model of 1911 semi-automatic pistol. As military sales of their revolvers dropped off, Colt searched for an alternative market and realized the popularity and strong sales of their product line with civilian law enforcement agencies could form their replacement market.
By 1927 the overwhelming sales of two popular models, the Army Special and Colt Police Positive, had assured Colt's dominance of the law enforcement firearms market. Colt's marketing strategy was further fine-tuned by making a few superficial alterations to the Army Special revolver and then renaming it as the “Official Police” model. The changes included adding checkering to the trigger, matting the topstrap of the frame and widening the rear sight groove. Colt also upgraded the quality of the gun's finish from a dull blued finish to a highly polished blued surface. In 1930, Colt scored a marketing coup when they publicized that their Official Police model could easily handle the firing of heavily loaded .38 rounds intended for competitor Smith & Wesson's new large N-frame revolver, the .38-44, none of the comparable S&W revolvers could manage this feat. By 1933 the Colt sales catalog listed many law enforcement agencies as having adopted the OP as a sidearm, including the New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Kansas City, Compton and Signal Hill Police Departments and other police departments.  In addition many state police organizations and even the Federal Bureau of Investigation chose the OP as their issue revolver. The U.S. Army also bought some of the revolvers, issuing them to military police and to federal agencies in need of a revolver for their armed agents, such as the Treasury Department, Coast Guard, and the Postal Inspection Service. Many Official Police revolvers were also bought by the police forces and militaries of various South American countries.
Between May 1940 and June 1941, 49,764 Official Police revolvers in .38 New Police or .38/200 caliber were purchased by the British Purchasing Commission and shipped to the United Kingdom for use by British and Commonwealth armed forces as a substitute standard sidearm.  These revolvers bore British military acceptance markings and had a 5" barrel; the butt was fitted with a military-style lanyard ring.  Most of these OP revolvers were assembled from commercial-grade parts made before 1942.
When the U.S. became involved in World War II, the U.S. government requested contracts to supply .38 revolvers required for arming security personnel charged with the security of government buildings, shipyards, and defense plant installations against sabotage or theft. Commencing in 1941, small quantities of the .38 Colt Official Police were procured directly from the Defense Supplies Corporation (DSC).  When government purchasing officials objected to production delays of the OP, as well as the unit cost, Colt responded by simplifying the gun.  Savings were achieved by eliminating all unnecessary exterior polishing operations, substituting a smooth-face trigger and hammer, and fitting the gun with simplified checkered wood grips with the Colt medallion; the latter was soon replaced by 'Coltwood' molded plastic grips.  Instead of the normal bluing, the revolver was given a dull parkerized finish. Dubbed the Colt Commando, the weapon was primarily used to arm units of Military police, security guards at U.S. defense plant installations and shipyards, as well as limited clandestine issue to agencies involved in overseas espionage and military intelligence.
In mid-1942 the Springfield Ordnance District (SOD) was given control over procurement and distribution of the Commando, which transferred the revolvers to the end user.  A few Commandos were shipped to the U.S. Maritime Commission and used as small arms equipment on U.S. merchant ships and ships provided to the Allies under Lend-Lease.  Most Commando wartime production went to the Defense Supplies Corporation (DSC). for use by security and police forces, while approximately 1,800 Commandos were used by the U.S. Navy, with another 12,800 revolvers distributed to various military intelligence agencies. Control over procurement changed in 1944, after the DSC formally objected to being charged additional handling fees by the armed forces, and was then authorized to procure the Commando directly from Colt.
After the Allied victory, Colt resumed commercial production and returned to the prewar polished blued finish, but retained the plastic grips which they labeled “Coltwood” until 1954 when the checkered wooden grips were reintroduced. During the postwar period, Colt fell on difficult financial times and the company introduced few new models.  At Smith & Wesson, both output and new model civilian and police sales improved, and the sales margin gap between the two corporations progressively tightened. Finally in the 1960s S&W took over the lead.  A contributing factor to this change may have been Smith & Wesson's generally lower cost per unit, accompanied by a double-action trigger pull on their military & police model that was preferred by many agencies teaching the new combat-oriented double-action revolver training. Colt announced the discontinuation of the Official Police in 1969, stating that competitive production of the design was no longer economically feasible. With a total production of over 400,000 pistols, the Official Police ranks as one of the most successful handguns ever made. The Official Police was machined of fine carbon steel, with bright royal Colt blued as well as nickel-plated finishes, and was offered in 4, 5 and 6 inches (100, 130 and 150 mm) barrels. Built on Colt's .41 or “E” frame, it was manufactured in a variety of chamberings including .22 LR, .32-20 (discontinued in 1942), .41 Long Colt (discontinued in 1938), and the most common and popular, the .38 Special. Colt's “Positive Lock” firing pin block safety is a standard feature of the revolver, preventing the firing pin from striking the primer unless the trigger was deliberately pulled. The pistol's sights consist of a blade front with a fixed iron open rear sight, which is a simple V-notch shaped groove milled into the revolver's top strap. The top strap has a matte finish to reduce glare down the sight plane.  The Commando was a wartime variant of the Official Police, manufactured with either a two or four inch barrel, and incorporating several production economies including a non-gloss Parkerized finish. The Commando also lacked the usual metal checkering on the hammer, trigger, and cylinder latch, as well as the reflection-deadening treatment of the commercial version's top strap. In addition, plastic material replaced the wood grips of the civilian model.  Approximately 48,611 Commando revolvers were purchased by the government during World War II.  Of this total, approximately 12,800 Commando revolvers were issued to various intelligence services such as US Military intelligence and the Office of Strategic Services (OSS).  Many of the latter were procured with the two-inch barrel, referred to as the “Junior Commando”. A few Commandos saw service overseas in the war zone. Regular production deliveries of two-inch "Junior Commando" revolvers began in March 1943, at approximately serial number 9,000.  More than 12,000 of the two-inch Commandos encountered today are actually postwar conversions from four-inch models produced during the war. A rare variant featuring a rounded grip, with barrel lengths of two and four inches. With a very limited production run of 2,500 units produced from 1955-1956, the Marshal became a true collectable. The moniker “Official Police” was borrowed by one model in a new generation of revolvers Colt introduced in the late1960s, called the “MK III” series. MK III models consisted of simpler versions of several classic Colt revolvers with updated lockwork.
The MK III product line was actually a different and original design based on a new “J” frame, which failed to attain commercial success and was cancelled after only three years.


Benjamin "Ben" Hueso (born September 2, 1969) is an American politician currently serving in the California State Senate. A Democrat, he represents the 40th Senate District, which encompasses Imperial County and the border regions of San Diego County.Hueso is currently serving as Chair of the California Latino Legislative Caucus. He previously served as Vice-Chair from 2015 to 2016.Hueso was elected to the State Senate in a 2013 special election to replace then-Senator Juan Vargas, who was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in November 2012. Before being elected to the State Senate, he served in the California State Assembly, representing the 80th Assembly District from 2012 to 2013 and the 79th Assembly District from 2010 to 2012. Prior to that, he served on the San Diego City Council, including two years as Council President.<PIC> Hueso was born in San Diego and grew up in Logan Heights. His parents were immigrants from Mexico and community activists, running an informal community medical clinic out of their home. He graduated from Point Loma High School and then from the University of California, Los Angeles with a degree in Sociology/Urban Studies and Planning. He studied at the University of Odessa, Ukraine and completed post-graduate work in Community and Economic Development at San Diego State University. He worked for the city as a redevelopment agency staffer and also owned his own business.  Hueso was elected in a special 2005 election and reelected in the regular 2006 election to represent San Diego City Council District 8. He was the only Latino on the council at the time. He was chosen by his colleagues to serve as City Council President 2009-2010, the second person to serve in that post. He was also a member of the California Coastal Commission for two years while serving on the City Council. He was elected in November 2010 to represent the 79th District in the  California State Assembly of the California State Legislature. In 2012 he was elected to the 80th district due to redistricting. In January 2013 he declared his candidacy for the State Senate 40th district, which became vacant when State Senator Juan Vargas was elected to Congress. He won the election on March 12, 2013, avoiding a runoff by garnering 52.3% of the vote against three other candidates. He took office on March 21, 2013.In March 2017 Hueso was the lead author of the controversial California Senate Bill 649 which would have removed a city's ability to control where the 5G cell service antennas are placed, transferring that power to the state On August 18, 2019, Hueso announced that he would be a candidate for the San Diego County Board of Supervisors.  He ran to succeed incumbent Greg Cox, a popular Republican who was term-limited.  In the March 3, 2020 primary, Hueso finished in first place with 29.3% of the vote and faces Southwestern Community College Board Trustee Nora Vargas, who finished second place with 18.9%, in the November runoff.  In a mild upset, Vargas won the runoff. As of 2021, Hueso had opened a campaign account to run for the California State Board of Equalization in 2022. Hueso is a lifelong resident of Logan Heights in San Diego's District 8. He has four sons.At 2:49 a.m. on Aug 22, 2014, Sen. Hueso was arrested in downtown Sacramento on suspicion of DUI.


Joseph A. Gallian (born January 5, 1942) is an American mathematician, the Morse Alumni Distinguished University Professor of Teaching in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Minnesota Duluth.<PIC> Gallian completed his Ph.D. thesis, entitled Two-Step Centralizers in Finite p-Groups, at the University of Notre Dame in 1971 under the supervision of Karl Kronstein. He has been a professor at the University of Minnesota Duluth since 1972.  In addition to teaching math classes, he taught a humanities course called "The Lives and Music of the Beatles" for 33 years and a liberal arts course on math and sports.
Gallian has authored or edited six books (Contemporary Abstract Algebra, Taylor & Francis 10th edition; For All Practical Purposes, W.H. Freeman (coauthor); Principles and Practices of Mathematics, Springer-Verlag; Proceedings of the Conference on Summer Undergraduate Mathematics Research Programs, Editor, American Mathematical Society; Proceedings of the Conference on Promoting Undergraduate Research in Mathematics (editor), American Mathematical Society; Mathematics and Sports, Mathematical Association of America) and over 100 articles.   He earned media attention in 1991 when he determined the methods used by Minnesota and many other states for assigning drivers' license numbers.
Between 1977 and 2019, Gallian ran forty Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) programs at the University of Minnesota Duluth.  The program has been funded by the University of Minnesota Duluth grants from the National Science Foundation (40+ years) and the National Security Agency (30+ years).  It is one of the oldest and longest-running REUs in the country.  As of the end of 2019, the program has had 254 undergraduate participants and has produced more than 240 publications in mainstream professional journals. More than 150 Duluth REU students have received a PhD degree.
Gallian served a 2-year term as the President of the Mathematical Association of America starting in January 2007. In addition, he was co-director of Project NExT from 1998 to 2012, Associate Editor of MAA OnLine since 1997, a member of the advisory board of Math Horizons from 1993 to 2013, a member of the editorial board of the Mathematics Magazine for five years and the American Mathematical Monthly for 15 years.
In 2021 he became a co-editor of the MAA Mugs to Donuts e-newsletter for Putnam competition students. Gallian has won both the Allendoerfer and Evans awards for exposition from the Mathematical Association of America (MAA) and was the Pólya lecturer for the MAA from 1999 to 2001.
His excellence in teaching earned him the Haimo Award for distinguished teaching from the MAA in 1993 and he was the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching Minnesota Professor of the Year in 2003.
In 2019 he received the MAA's Mary P. Dolciani Award for making a distinguished contribution to the mathematical education of K-16 students in the United States or Canada.
In 2011 he received the MAA's Yueh-Gin Gung and Dr. Charles Y. Hu Distinguished Service to Mathematics Award.
In 2000, Gallian was named by a Duluth newspaper as one of the "100 Great Duluthians of the 20th Century".
In 2013 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society. Gallian, Joseph A. (2017). Contemporary Abstract Algebra, 9th edition. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-305-65796-0.
Gallian, Joseph A., ed. (2010). Mathematics and Sports. Washington, DC: Mathematical Association of America. ISBN 978-0-88385-349-8.
Gallian, Joseph A. "A dynamic survey of graph labeling". www.combinatorics.org.


Melt electrospinning  is a processing technique to produce fibrous structures from polymer melts for applications that include tissue engineering, textiles and filtration. In general, electrospinning can be performed using either polymer melts or polymer solutions. However, melt electrospinning is distinct in that the collection of the fiber can very focused; combined with moving collectors, melt electrospinning writing is a way to perform 3D printing. Since volatile solvents are not used, there are benefits for some applications where solvent toxicity and accumulation during manufacturing are a concern.<PIC> The first description of melt electrospinning was by Charles Norton in a patent approved in 1936. After this first discovery, it wasn't until 1981 that melt electrospinning was described as part of a three-paper series. A meeting abstract on melt electrospinning in a vacuum was published by Reneker and Rangkupan 20 years later in 2001. Since this scientific publication in 2001, there have been regular articles on melt electrospinning, including reviews on the subject. In 2011, melt electrospinning combined with a translating collector was with proposed as a new class of 3D printing. The same physics of electrostatic fiber drawing apply to melt electrospinning. What differs are the physical properties of the polymer melt, compared to a polymer solution. When comparing polymer melts and polymer solutions, the former are normally more viscous than polymer solutions, and elongated electrified jets have been reported. The molten electrified jet also requires cooling to solidify, while solution electrospinning relies on evaporation. While melt electrospinning typically results in micron diameter fibers, the path of the electrified jet in melt electrospinning can be predictable.  A minimum temperature is needed to ensure a molten polymer, all the way to the tip of the spinneret. Spinnerets have a relatively short length, compared to solution electrospinning. The most significant parameter for controlling the fiber diameter is the flow rate of the polymer to the spinneret - in general, the higher the flow rate, the larger the fiber diameter. While reported flow rates are low, all of the fluid electrospun is collected, unlike solution electrospinning where a great part of the solvent is evaporated. The molecular weight is important as to whether the polymer can be melt electrospun. For linear homogeneous polymers, a low molecular weight (below 30,000g/mol) can result in broken and poor quality fibers. For high molecular weights (above 100,000 g/mol), the polymer can be very difficult to flow through the spinneret. Many melt electrospun fibers reported use molecular weights between 40,000 and 80,000 g/mol  or are blends of low and high molecular weight polymers. Modifying the voltage does not greatly effect the resulting fiber diameter, however it has been reported that an optimum voltage is needed to make high quality and consistent fibers. Voltages from as low as 0.7kV up to 60kV have been used to melt electrospin. Different melt electrospinning machines have been built, with some mounted vertically and some horizontally. The approach to heating the polymer does vary and includes electrical heaters, heated air and circulating heaters. One approach to melt electrospinning is pushing a solid polymer filament into a laser, which melts and is electrospun. Polymers exhibiting a melting point or glass transition temperature (Tg) are required for melt electrospinning, excluding thermosets (such as bakelite) and biologically derived polymers (such as collagen). Polymers melt electrospun so far include:
Polycaprolactone
Polylactic acid
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Polypropylene
Polyethylene
Poly(caprolactone-block-ethylene glycol)
Polyurethane
These polymers are examples of the most used polymers, and a more comprehensive list can be found elsewhere. Potential applications of melt electrospinning mirror that of solution electrospinning. Not using solvents to process a polymer assists in tissue engineering applications where solvents are often toxic. Additionally, some polymers such as polypropylene or polyethylene are not readily dissolved, so melt electrospinning is one approach to electrospin them into fibrous material. Melt electrospinning is used to process biomedical materials for tissue engineering research. Volatile solvents are often toxic so avoiding solvents has benefits in this field. Melt electrospun fibers were used as part of a "bimodal tissue scaffold", where both micron-scale and nano-scale fibers were deposited simultaneously. Scaffolds made via melt electrospinning can be fully penetrated with cells, which in turn produce extracellular matrix within the scaffold. Melt electrospinning is also capable to formulate drug-loaded fibers for drug delivery. It is a promising new formulation technique in the field of pharmaceutical technology to prepare amorphous solid dispersions or solid solutions with enhanced or controlled drug dissolution because it can combine the advantages of melt extrusion (e.g. solvent-free, effective amorphization, continuous process) and solvent-based electrospinning (increased surface area). The electrified molten jet created via melt electrospinning has a more predictable path, and polymer fibers can be deposited accurately onto the collector. When the collector is moved at sufficient speed (referred to as the critical translation speed), straight melt electrospun fibers can be deposited in a layer upon layer  approach. This enables for the fabrication of complex, well-ordered structures. In this respect melt electrospinning writing (MEW) can be considered a class of 3D printing. Melt electrospinning writing has been performed using either a translating flat surface  or a rotating cylinder/mandrel. Most polymers that can be melt-electrospun can also be written assuming the parameters can be tuned in such a way as to produce a stable jet. Piezoelectric polymers such as polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) have also been shown to be processable via MEW, opening up potential applications in 3d printed sensors, soft robotics, and further applications in biofabrication.


Charles Longstreet Weltner (December 17, 1927 – August 31, 1992) was an American jurist and politician from the U.S. state of Georgia.<PIC> Weltner was born in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1948, he received a bachelor's degree from Oglethorpe University in suburban DeKalb County, Georgia. In 1950, he received a law degree from Columbia Law School in New York City. After serving two years in the United States Army, Weltner practiced law in Atlanta and worked to defeat Georgia's county-unit system and preserve the public school system after state leaders threatened to close the schools rather than integrate. In 1962, Weltner was elected to represent Georgia's 5th congressional district in the House of Representatives as a Democrat.
Weltner was one of only two Southern members of Congress to condemn the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Ala., in 1963 by white supremacists that killed four girls and injured between 14 and 22 other people. He was the only member of the state's congressional delegation (and the only Democrat from the Deep South) to vote for the Civil Rights Act of 1964, commenting that "We must not remain forever bound to another lost cause." Weltner voted in favor of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
He also supported quick implementation of the United States Supreme Court decision to outlaw racial segregation in public schools, the 1954 decision Brown v. Board of Education.
In 1966, Weltner refused to run for re-election when the state Democratic Party demanded that he sign a loyalty oath that would have required him to support Lester Maddox, an ardent segregationist who was running for governor against a Republican U.S. representative, Howard Callaway. In a speech, Weltner said, "I love the Congress, but I will give up my office before I give up my principles." No other had taken the loyalty oath so literally. Weltner described Maddox as "the very symbol of violence and repression". Nevertheless, Maddox was chosen governor by the state legislature as a result of a general election impasse with Callaway and former Governor Ellis Arnall, who received critical votes as a write-in candidate. Maddox ridiculed Weltner for abandoning the House race: "Anyone who would give up his seat in Congress is sick".
Conversely, both U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy and civil rights movement leader Martin Luther King Jr., hailed Weltner's courage for rejecting Maddox. The Macon Telegraph decreed Weltner "a public servant greatly to be admired". The Savannah Morning News termed Weltner "a man of principle" but repudiated his "foolhardy liberalism".
Callaway expressed "amusement" over the "foolish" loyalty oath and questioned whether Weltner withdrew from the race because he feared the Republican Fletcher Thompson, a state senator from Atlanta, would unseat him. Later Callaway referred to his House colleague Weltner as "courageous", but Weltner dismissed Southern Republicans at that time as "Dixiecrats in button-down shirts". Weltner said Callaway viewed Georgia as "a giant company store".
Weltner tried to regain his seat in 1968 on the Humphrey-Muskie ticket but lost to his Republican successor, Fletcher Thompson. In 1973, Weltner ran for mayor of Atlanta but finished third behind Jewish incumbent Sam Massell and the eventual winner, Vice Mayor Maynard Jackson, an African American. After leaving politics, Weltner continued his legal career, first as a judge in the Fulton County Superior Court from 1976 to 1981 and then serving as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia from 1981 to 1992. In June 1992, he was elected as chief justice of that body by his fellow justices, and he served in that role until his death in Atlanta on August 31, 1992, of esophageal cancer that had been diagnosed two years earlier. In 1991, Weltner became the second person to be honored with the John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award, the first having been former U.S. Representative Carl Elliott of Alabama, another civil rights advocate. And honoris causa inductee of Omicron Delta Kappa in 1969, he was honored with Omicron Delta Kappa's highest honor, the Laurel Crowned Circle Award, for excellence in leadership in 1992.


The Bowman-Pirkle House is a historic two-story log house in Buford, Georgia.
It was built in 1818 for John Bowman, who served under General Andrew Jackson during the First Seminole War of 1816–1819. The house was built with the help of Cherokees as a token of the friendship between Bowman and Chief Major Ridge. According to Elizabeth Z. Macgregor of the Georgia State Commission, "this house is probably one of the earliest structures built and occupied by whites in this Indian territory." In 1890, it was acquired by Bowman's daughter Amanda and her husband, Noah Pirkle, who had served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. It was inherited by their descendants, who kept it in the family until 1969. In 1977s, Golden Pirkle gave it to the Hall County Historical Society. The house was returned to Bowman descendants around 2003. The Bowman-Pirkle House has moved several times. The original location on Friendship Road is now a parking lot in the vicinity of a BB&T bank, Zaxby's, and Holiday Inn Express. At present, the house is on the private property of John Bowman's great-grandson near the corner of Sardis Church Road & 2699 W. Rock Quarry Road in Buford (34°04'57.8"N 83°54'33.2"W). Driving directions Initially the Hall County Historical Society recommended relocation into Gainesville on Queen City Parkway just off of Hwy. 360, Exit 5, however it was never moved to this location.
The house was moved to the Lake Lanier Natural History Museum near the Lake Lanier Islands Water Park in the 1980s. The house in its original location was vandalized extensively, therefore it was restored and relocated to the secure location. The original Bowman plantation was 7200 acres and had included the Lanier Islands, therefore the house would remain on its original land. It is thought construction of a new radio tower circa 2000 rendered the cabin unsafe, so its ownership was transferred back to the descendants of the Bowman family around 2003 where it was again transferred to a different location within the original 7200 acre property limits (2699 W. Rock Quarry Road, Buford GA). The house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since August 14, 1973:
     "The Bowman-Pirkle House was built in 1818 on the Pirkle Ferry Road, now known as Friendship Road, near Flowery Branch, Georgia, in the southern portion of Hall County. It is basically a plantation plain type house with a double verandah and a later two-room, one story "cottage" addition with porch. The original main house was constructed of logs but has since been weatherboarded.
     This three bay, weatherboarded house, elevated on flat bedrock, has a trabeated doorway with side lights. Its double verandah has square posts with flat bannisters that still remain on the upper porch. Around the gable edges is also a flat, scalloped wood trim. Originally there were no glazed windows, only shutters. Off the central hall, with its set of narrow stairs, are two larger rooms. The room on the right has a simple, delicately designed mantel on the rear wall; horizontal panelling boards in this room average about a foot in width. The room on the left does not have the original panelling, but a heavy mantel with the curved inset is an early mantel style. Upstairs, there apparently was only one finished room, the other area of which has no flooring or windows, and apparently was never used.
     Probably a later addition of about 1870 is the one story, three bay "cottage" adjoined on the rear, its square columned porch with plain bannisters faces east. To the rear of this two room addition and to that of the main portion of the house is a continuous L-shaped shed porch. Part of the shed porch has been converted into a room on the rear of the main house portion.
     One Stone chimney, original to the 1818 house, is on the west side of the house; another later chimney on the rear wall of the right room was probably added at the same time as the "cottage" portion.
     A well house, several barns and a grape arbor are also on the property. Originally there was a covered oak-boarded walkway to the rear of the house, where the grape arbor is now, that led to a building that housed a kitchen, dining room and an upstairs bunkroom for the boys.
     The Bowman-Pirkle House, a two story log plantation plain type house; is significantly known to have been built by John Bowman with the help of Cherokee Indians in 1818 during a transition period when this area was being ceded to the U.S. government by the Cherokees. Important persons, including Andrew Jackson and Major Ridge, a Chief of the Cherokee Nation, visited in this house during Bowman's ownership and that of its later owner, Noah Pirkle. The house with few changes remained in the Pirkle family until 1969, at which time it was given to the Hall County Historical Society.
      John Bowman, the builder of the Bowman-Pirkle House came to North Georgia when he was a volunteer courier for General Andrew Jackson's staff. In 1818 General Jackson rested his troops at the old "Young Tavern" [Robert Young Inn] above Flowery Branch, Georgia, en route to the Seminole Campaign. While here John Bowman visited Major Ridge, one of the Chiefs of the Cherokees who was holding an encampment nearby. At the end of this visit, Major Ridge gave John Bowman a sizable tract of land. Bowman detached himself from the General's staff and with the aid of Cherokee braves, built the two story log house in which he resided from 1818 to 1890. In about 1822, Bowman married Mary Smith of North Carolina, the same state in which he was born April 17, 1798. The title of "Doctor", Bowman earned by learning from the Indians herbal medicine; he planted these herbs by a stream about a mile from his house which came to be called "medicine hollow." He treated both Indians and whites and was well respected in this field. During his lifetime, Dr. Bowman also developed a large and practically self-sufficient plantation.
     Bowman's daughter, Amanda, married Noah Pirkle in 1867. Noah Pirkle served in the Confederate Army, Co. "A", llth Georgia Regiment under Captain Bedell. When Sherman burned Atlanta, General John Brown Gordon sent some men to defend Athens. Their efforts kept the Federal troops from burning Athens. For three days the Federal troops attempted to cross the East Branch of the Oconee River. They suffered heavy casualties and decided to retreat. Noah Pirkle was one of the defending Confederate soldiers. They surrounded a large group of Federal troops, marched them for three days and then rested at the old John Bowman place. They placed the prisoners in the horse lot there. Seventeen men, including Pirkle, were drawn to do sentiel duty. Early the next morning Bowman invited these men in for breakfast. At the end of the meal, Pirkle looked at Amanda Pirkle who was helping to serve the table and said, "You are beautiful, if I am still alive when the War is over, I am going to come back and marry you." He kept his promise.
     At John Bowman's death in 1890, Pirkle purchased a portion of the plantation which included the house. The house was passed through the Pirkle family until 1969.
     The Bowman-Pirkle House is a fine example of the architecture of the early settlement of Indian lands. This area of Hall County was ceded by the Cherokees officially July 8, 1817, resulting in Bowman having to buy back 1818 land grants issued by Gov. George Troup. (Three of these land grants 250 acre tracts, selling for twelve to eighteen dollars each, are still among the Pirkle family papers.) Thus, this house is probably one of the earliest structures built and occupied by whites in this Indian territory.
     Presently the house is located on Friendship Road; but now owned by the Hall County Historical Society. It will be moved to a location inside the city limits of Gainesville on Queen City Parkway just off of Hwy. 360, Exit 5 and replaced in a farm setting adjacent to a state approved welcome center. As directed by the State Review Board, the Bowman-Pirkle House is being nominated based on its present appearance and siting. After the structure's removal and restoration, the Board will reconsider the structure in the light of changes which may affect its qualifications as a National Register property."
-National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form for Bowman-Pirkle House, 14 Aug 1973<PIC> As of 1861, 10 victims of slavery were captive on the Bowman plantation. Some descendants of John Bowman own and manage historic properties of Buford including the Victor Hugo Allen mansion (son of Bona Allen).


Sabine Thillaye (born 18 May 1959) is a French-German entrepreneur and politician who has been serving as a member of the French National Assembly since 18 June 2017, representing the 5th constituency of the departement of Indre-et-Loire. She was elected as a member of La République En Marche!, but left the party in 2020 and was one of the 17 initial members of the new Ecology Democracy Solidarity group in the National Assembly.<PIC> Before being elected as a member of parliament, Thillaye led a communications and signaling agency that she had founded in 1987. Being a studied legal practitioner herself, Thillaye also gave classes in German for students of law at François Rabelais University.From 2006 to 2007, Thillaye headed the department for public relations of the business association MEDEF in the Touraine-province. Moreover, from 2016 to 2017, Thillaye was member of the board of directors of the association.Prior to her candidature with En Marche!, Thillaye had already been engaged in the promotion of the European integration. As such, she is a founding member of the association Europe Val de Loire, an organisation she presided over temporarily. Additionally, she was deputy-chairwoman of the French-German cultural center in Touraine. In June 2016, Thillaye decided to run as a candidate for the En Marche!-movement for the legislative elections of 2017, imposing herself in the second tour against Fabrice Boigard of Les Républicains (LR).Since 2018, Thillaye has been serving as chairwoman of the Committee for European Affairs. In this capacity, she argued for an expansion of the committee's competences. Furthermore, she proposed to facilitate the exchange between the different parliamentary committees. Together with Richard Ferrand, parliamentary leader of La République en Marche!, Thillaye introduced a resolution aiming at the promotion of the symbols of the European Union which was accepted on 27 November 2017. In On 28 June 2018, Thillaye introduced a report on "The role of national parliaments in the European decision making process”. Amongst other things, it recommends granting the Committee for European Affairs the status a permanent committee thus enabling it to take part in the legislative process. Furthermore, the report generally suggests strengthening the relations between the national parliaments and the European institutions.In 2019, Thillaye refused to accept the legality of vote in which Pieyre-Alexandre Anglade was elected to succeed her in the role of the committee's chair. As a consequence, she was excluded from the LREM parliamentary group after a lengthy debate in January 2020.Thillaye is also a member of the National Assembly's Defence Committee, one of the house's eight permanent committees. On the committee, she is charged with questions related to European security policy as well as French-German defence cooperation. Together with Andreas Jung, member of the German Bundestag, and her colleague from the National assembly, Christophe Arend, Thillaye served as co-chairwoman of the Franco-German parliamentary working group, which had been founded on 22 January 2018 on the occasion of the 55th anniversary of the signing of the Elyséé-treaty in 1963. It was composed of six French and six German members of parliament who contributed to the drafting of the Aachen Treaty, signed on January 22, 2019, and played a major role in the negotiations of the Franco-German parliamentary agreement, signed in Paris on March 25, 2019. Together with Jung, Thillaye was elected co-president of the bureau of the newly established Franco-German Parliamentary Assembly on the same day. Robert Schuman Foundation, Member of the Board of Directors


Cliff Swain (born March 21, 1966) is a professional racquetball player and coach from Boston, Massachusetts. Known for his dominant drive serve and on-court intensity, Swain finished as the #1 player on the  International Racquetball Tour (IRT) six times -- in 1990, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, and 2002. He won US Open Championships in 1997 and 2001, and was inducted into the USA Racquetball Hall of Fame in 2003. A legendary figure in racquetball for over 3 decades, Swain still plays professionally and is quickly becoming a sought-after professional coach as well.<PIC> Swain was introduced to racquetball when he was 13 years old by his father, Robert "Red" Swain, who was a competitive handball player. Swain was naturally talented and quickly picked up the game, soon winning the Massachusetts State and New England Regional Junior Racquetball Championships. He won the US Junior National 16 and Under Racquetball Championship in 1983, and the Orange Bowl World 18 and Under Junior Racquetball Championship in 1984. Swain also played on the racquetball team at Providence College in 1984 before turning professional. Swain began his career as a professional racquetball player in 1985. It was a busy year. He won his first professional title at the Tulsa Open, and his first professional National title at the Ektelon National Championships, where he consecutively beat racquetball legends, Marty Hogan, Dave Peck, and Greg Peck. Swain was aptly named the Professional Racquetball Rookie of the Year in 1985, and remained one of the top ten professional racquetball players until 1990.
In 1990, at the age of 24 and when he was ranked #1, Swain left racquetball to pursue a career in  tennis at the encouragement of Ion Tiriac. Swain spent two years on the tennis circuit and had some success, although not nearly at the level he had experienced in racquetball. Swain reclaimed the #1 ranking when he returned to racquetball the following season.
Swain ended the IRT season as the #1 ranked player 6 times: in 1990, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, and 2002. He won the US Open Racquetball Championships 2 times, in 1997 and 2001. Swain was inducted into the USA Racquetball Hall of Fame in 2003.
Swain has continued to play championship-level racquetball after his Hall of Fame induction. He played the Legends Racquetball Tour in 2004 and 2005, winning the Legends 35+ National Championship both years. He teamed with Marty Hogan to win the 2004 and 2005 Legends National Doubles Championship as well. Swain teamed with Woody Clouse to win the 40+ USA Racquetball National Doubles Championship in 2008, and has won 4 National 45+ Doubles titles with good friend and former coach Mike Ladge: at the 2012 and 2013 Ektelon US Nationals, and the 2012 and 2014 US Open. Swain is also an accomplished outdoor racquetball player, teaming with Josh Tucker to beat #2 ranked Rocky Carson and #4 ranked Jose Rojas on the way to the 2014 World Outdoor Racquetball (WOR) Pro Doubles Championship. Despite still competing as a professional himself, Swain is a National Racquetball Coach at Life Time Fitness and coaches juniors, adults, amateurs and professionals. His roster of notable players currently includes:
Maria Jose Vargas - ranked #2 on the Ladies Professional Racquetball Tour (LPRT)
Coby Iwaasa - 2015 Junior Open Singles and Doubles Canadian National Champion; 2015 Men's Open Singles and Doubles Canadian National Champion
Dane Elkins - USA Junior National Team Member, 10-time WOR Junior World Champion, 6 USA National Junior Indoor Championships, 3 USA National High School Championships. the 2017 National Paddleball Association Junior 18-and-under National Champion.
Other professional players who Swain coaches or has coached include IRT players Jose Rojas, Charlie Pratt, Alejandro Herrera, and Brad Schopieray; and LPRT player Cece Pratt. Swain announced in 2014 that he was starting his own racquetball company. He developed the Cliff Swain Signature Series racquetball racquet, which is available along with other Cliff Swain Signature Series products on his website. His website features instructional videos, coaching videos, and match videos, as well as a racquetball magazine archive.


Kristen Richards (born July 4, 1992) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player. She is currently a member of the Professional Women's Hockey Players Association (PWHPA), following four seasons with the Markham Thunder (formerly the Brampton Thunder) of the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL). Prior to that, she played NCAA Division I hockey for Niagara and Robert Morris.  Richards skated for the Mississauga Jr. Chiefs of the Provincial Women's Hockey League (PWHL), serving as the team's captain in 2009–10, when she posted 47 points in 33 games. The Chiefs were one of the top programs in both the PWHL and the Ontario Women's Hockey Association (OWHA) with Richards on the team, winning the OWHA's gold medal to conclude the 2008–09 season. Additionally, Mississauga enjoyed top-three finishes in the league or association in 2007–08 (bronze medals for both the PWHL and OWHA) and 2009–10 (PWHL silver medal, OWHA bronze medal). Notably, Richards' Chiefs teams included future Thunder teammate Sarah Edney, future Robert Morris teammate Thea Imbrogno, and other future NCAA and professional players like Emily Pfalzer and Jenna Dingeldein.
In addition to the Chiefs, Richards also attended St. Basil-the-Great College School and enjoyed success with her school team, winning Ontario Federation of School Athletic Associations championships in 2008–09 and 2009–10, as well as four Toronto District College Athletic Association titles.  Richards signed with Niagara University to begin her collegiate career and made an immediate impact at NU, scoring seven times and adding seven assists as a freshman to tie for second on the team in scoring. Her first college goal (and point) came against Minnesota State on October 8, 2010, although her third goal one month later was among her biggest: Richards' overtime power play goal with 1:59 remaining toppled Mercyhurst at Dwyer Arena. The Lakers were ranked fourth in NCAA Division I at the time and were coming off of an appearance in the 2010 Frozen Four. Six days later, on November 12, 2010, Richards scored with 3:56 remaining to defeat Colgate, while her first multi-point game involved a pair of assists in a 2–1 victory over Wayne State on January 15, 2011.
On a team level, the Purple Eagles' 2010–11 season got off to a slow start, as NU was just 3–12–3 in early December. Things turned around a little from there, as subsequent unbeaten streaks of six games and four games helped Niagara finish second in the College Hockey America (CHA) standings with an 8–6–0 league record. However, third-seeded Syracuse abruptly ended the Purple Eagles' season in the CHA semifinals. Richards, for her part, was selected to the CHA's all-rookie team in recognition of her strong freshman season.
For the 2011–12 season, Niagara changed coaches, with assistant Josh Sciba promoted to replace the departed Chris MacKenzie. Meanwhile, Richards had quickly become considered a central part of the young team's offense, along with Jessica Hitchcock and Jenna Hendrikx. Although the Purple Eagles started the year 0–4–0, things abruptly turned around on October 14, 2011 against RPI, when Richards scored twice - the second coming on a penalty shot in overtime after she was hooked on a breakaway - to help NU to its first win of the year and the first win of Sciba's head coaching career. The come-from-behind effort set off a hot streak, as Niagara went 7–2–5 over a 14-game span to climb to 7–6–5 overall after a tie with Ohio State on December 2, 2011. While that turned out to be the pinnacle of NU's campaign - the Purps finished the regular season 10–15–8 overall and a third-place-worthy 3–6–3 within the CHA - Richards continued to demonstrate an aptitude for big, dramatic goals. On January 21, 2012 at Syracuse, she banged home a 5-on-3 advantage tally late in overtime to beat the Orange by a 2–1 count. Two weeks later, at Mercyhurst, Niagara found itself facing third-period deficits of 2–1 and 3–2, but Richards answered each time, the latter with just 12 seconds remaining, to force a draw with the fifth-ranked Lakers.
In the 2012 CHA playoffs, Niagara again saw its run come to a quick end in the semifinals, this time to a Robert Morris team en route to its first-ever conference title. Richards qualified for the All-CHA Academic Team for the second season in a row.
Shortly after the conclusion of the 2011–12 season, Niagara announced that it would immediately discontinue its women's hockey program, forcing Richards and other members of the team to either transfer or continue studying at NU without playing hockey. For Richards, along with defenseman Kelsey Gunn, the solution to the Niagara situation was a move south to newly crowned CHA champion Robert Morris, a transfer that paid nearly-immediate dividends. In her first official NCAA game as a Colonial (following a handful of exhibition contests), Richards scored the game-winning goal in a 2–0 victory over Yale. Not only that, but in a sort of a full-circle moment, it was assisted off of a turnover by Imbrogno, Richards' old teammate from St. Basil's and the Mississauga Jr. Chiefs.
Despite playing 10 of its first 12 games on the road, RMU got off to a 9–3–2 start in 2012–13, following a sweep of Mercyhurst upon returning home. Along the way, Richards showed that she didn't leave her knack for late-game heroics at Niagara, as she deflected home a third-period goal to force overtime at Vermont on November 4, 2012, then fed Anneline Lauziere for the winner. RMU slumped badly after New Year's however, going just 2–11–1 in 2013 before a regular-season-ending sweep of NCAA newcomer Penn State salvaged a 13–14–3 overall record and a fourth-place finish in a tight CHA race. Richards' late season was highlighted by her hand in both Robert Morris goals (along with a third-period checking from behind major and game misconduct) in a tie with RIT on January 26, 2013 as well as two other multi-point efforts.
The Colonials opened the 2013 CHA playoffs with a first-round series sweep over fifth-seeded Lindenwood, but fell to Mercyhurst in the conference semifinals to close the year.
After the unsuccessful CHA title defense, expectations were somewhat tempered for RMU in Richards' senior year, 2013–14, as the conference coaches tabbed the Colonials third in the preseason poll, although Richards - now the team's captain - was again expected to play a key role. Both team and individual rose to the challenge however, with Robert Morris' 24–8–3 final overall mark standing as the best in program history to that point (the 24 wins remain tied for the team record as of the end of 2016–17) and Richards depositing a career-best 26 points in those 35 games. RMU's 13–5–2 CHA record narrowly missed the school's first league regular-season title, as the Colonials were second to archrival Mercyhurst by four points.
Richards' season was highlighted by her being named the CHA's Offensive Player of the Week on November 4, 2013, following a weekend sweep at Penn State, where she scored twice on 11 shots (of RMU's 49 total) in the second game of the series. She handed out three assists (a career-best for points) in a 6–4 win over Vermont on October 26, 2013, with that game and the Penn State games capping a career-best seven-game point streak. She would later add a five-game streak from November 26, 2013 against Ohio State through January 4, 2014 versus St. Lawrence. Against Syracuse on February 7, 2014, Richards and Imbrogno both assisted on a Brittany Howard goal that gave Imbrogno Robert Morris' career assist record.
In a bit of a parallel to the end of her time at Niagara, Richards' RMU and college career came to a close in the CHA semifinals at the hands of a team en route to a surprising championship run, in this case an RIT squad that was 16–15–3 overall during the regular season.
As of the end of the 2016–17 season, Richards' name remains a prominent part of the Colonials' record books, despite only playing two seasons at the school. Among other listings, she is sixth in team history in points per game (0.73), fourth in plus-minus rating (plus-17) and her 15 shots against Lindenwood on March 1, 2013 are an RMU single-game high. Richards entered the CWHL in 2015, when she was selected by the then-Brampton Thunder in the that year's CWHL Draft with the 16th overall pick, first in the fourth round (notably, former RMU teammate Rebecca Vint had also been selected by the Thunder with their previous selection, 11th overall, while former Mississauga Jr. Chiefs teammate Edney, who went on to play collegiate hockey at Harvard was drafted first overall by Brampton).
The 2015–16 season saw a resurgence for the Thunder, one of professional women's hockey's most storied franchises, but also one that had fallen on hard times with a 6–16–2 record in 2014–15 and a last-place league finish. Richards' new squad would rebound to 16–7–1, good for third place in the league standings and a playoff semifinal series with the second-seeded Calgary Inferno, although the Inferno swept the best-of-three round on the way to the 2016 Clarkson Cup.
Richards scored her first professional goal on November 21, 2015 in a rout of the Boston Blades, while adding a shorthanded assist on the way to a 13-point season, good for eighth best on the Thunder. She also rapidly gained a reputation as one of the CWHL's most dangerous penalty killers. Brampton led the league with seven shorthanded goals (and was second with an 83.19 percent penalty kill rate), while Richards' three shorthanded points were tied for the best league-wide (with Caroline Ouellette, Marie-Philip Poulin and Cathy Chartrand). She also offered eight points over four consecutive January 2016 games including, arguably, the Thunder's biggest results of the year, a sweep of the Inferno via overtime and shootout wins at Brampton Memorial Arena on the 9th and 10th. Richards scored in the first game while setting up Candice Styles' OT winner, then had three assists the next day in a wild 8–7 shootout victory that saw Brampton rally from numerous large deficits, including 5–1 early in the second period and 7–5 midway through the third.
In 2016–17, the Thunder slid slightly backwards to 12–10–2, but were a carbon copy of their 2015–16 version in many other ways: the team finished third in the league standings, and was defeated in a playoff semifinal sweep to the eventual Clarkson Cup champion, this time Les Canadiennes de Montreal. Richards played in her 50th professional game (including playoff contests) in the regular-season finale, a shootout win over Boston on February 19, 2017.<PIC> Richards was an accomplished ball hockey player, in addition to her ice hockey exploits, at St. Basil-the-Great College. St. Basil's won the Ontario Ball Hockey Association's provincial championships in 2007, 2008 and again in 2010, with Richards earning a spot on the tournament all-star team during the 2010 run.
In 2015, along with future Thunder teammates Vint and Jamie Lee Rattray, Richards competed at the Canadian Ball Hockey Association national championships and helped the Toronto Shamrocks to the title. She collected an assist in the final, a 2–1 overtime win over Newfoundland United. Richards has credited her experience at the CBHA tournament for helping her transition to CWHL play, after taking 2014–15 off following her graduation from Robert Morris. Richards holds an English degree from Robert Morris University and is a certified English, special education, and ESL teacher. She is a member of the staff at De La Sale College, a private school in Toronto, Ontario that emphasizes athletics. She has also served as the head development coach of the Etobicoke Dolphins Girls Hockey Association, specializing in power skating.   2010–11 CHA All-Rookie Team
2010–11 CHA All-Academic Team
2011–12 CHA All-Academic Team
2012–13 CHA All-Academic Team
2013–14 CHA All-Academic Team
CHA Offensive Player of the Week (November 4, 2013)