Shite-hawk (also spelled shitehawk) or shit-hawk or shitty hawk is a slang name applied to various birds of prey that exhibit scavenging behaviour, originally and primarily the black kite, although the term has also been applied to other birds such as the herring gull.  It is also a slang derogatory term for an unpleasant person.<PIC> The term "shite-hawk" is believed to have originated as military slang by the British Army in India and Egypt, as a derogatory term for the black kite (Milvus migrans), which was despised by soldiers for its habit of stealing food from their plates:
At the transit camp the British soldier normally made his acquaintance with the kite-hawk [i.e. black kite], known familiarly as the 'shite-hawk'. 'There used to be thousands of them,' remembers Charles Wright. 'When one drew one's food from the cook-house and went to take it across to the dining room to eat at the tables underneath the sheds, these kite-hawks would swoop down and take the lot off your plate if you weren't careful. So you had to walk waving your arms above the plate until you got it under cover.'
— Charles Allen, Plain Tales from the Raj
Eric Partridge, an etymologist, claimed that the term was used to refer to the vulture by the soldiers in the British Army in India during the period 1870–1947, although the earliest recorded use of the term in print in the Oxford English Dictionary is 1944.  In recent years, in the United Kingdom, the term "shite-hawk" has also been applied to the herring gull (Larus argentatus), which is known for its mobbing and scavenging behaviour. Although "shite-hawk" originally referred to the black kite in India and elsewhere, and British naturalists Mark Cocker and Richard Mabey explicitly note that the "red kite never suffered the indignity of its relative's nickname", in recent years, following the successful reintroduction of the red kite into Scotland and England during the 1990s, the term has also started to be used for the red kite in Britain, apparently due to confusion between the two species of kite.  Thus, in 1999, Lord Burton announced in the House of Lords that "[p]ossibly one of the most highly protected birds today is the [red] kite, known by the British Army throughout the world as a shite-hawk".
In March 2011, BBC Radio 4 broadcast a radio programme called The Kestrel and Red Kite, in which presenter Rod Liddle repeatedly asserted that the red kite (Milvus milvus) was historically known as the shite-hawk in England.  However, he provided no evidence for this assertion, and the only other references to the red kite being called a shite-hawk in medieval times are very recent, for example a historical novel published in 2011 (but set in 1513), and in a poem written by Christopher Hodgson (published 2005):
And in Medieval times, with waste piled publicly, Its habit of scavenging in sewage Earned it the sobriquet, "Shite hawk" — Red Kite by Christopher Hodgson The name was used in the television series Trailer Park Boys by character Jim Lahey, who is known for using metaphors with the slang "shit". The character used the slang again in the Trailer Park Boys film.
Military badges depicting birds of prey are also sometimes referred to as shite-hawks.  Examples include the eagle badge on the sleeves of the 4th Indian Division of the British Indian Army, and the eagle on the left breast pocket of members of Pathfinder squadrons in the Royal Air Force.
The term "shitehawk" has also been used as a derogatory term for an offensive or unpleasant person, equivalent to the word "shit".  For example: in 1997, the band Half Man Half Biscuit described the driver of a car parked on the pavement as "a thoughtless shitehawk" in the song He who would Valium take on their album Voyage to the Bottom of the Road.
Charlie Brooker used the term in an episode of Newswipe when referring to an American news anchor who patronised Susan Boyle. He was referring to the anchor saying the word "gobsmacked" was one of her "favourite British words".
The Senior Rates’ mess at RNAS Culdrose is called the Shy Talk Inn.
In the BBC series Steptoe and Son, Harold uses the phrases "more meat on a Bombay shitehawk" referring to Albert's emaciated appearance, and "eyes like a shitehawk".


Ángel Eduardo Reyna Martínez (born 19 September 1984) is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.  Reyna came out of Club América's reserves but was given his professional debut at San Luis on 31 July 2005. He scored his first goal in the Primera División against Pumas UNAM on 5 February 2006. After his stint at San Luis, Reyna was signed by Club Necaxa. On 18 December 2008 he signed with Mexico City giants América, where he was "born" as a footballer, to be the new reinforcement for the Clausura 2009 season. His debut was against rivals Chivas Guadalajara in the InterLiga tournament where the match ended in a 1–1 draw.
For the Bicentenario 2010 season, after the shooting of Salvador Cabañas, Reyna became a reference player for the team and one of their top scorers, going on to score 7 goals in 16 appearances, including the 9000th goal in the history of the  Estadio Azteca in a 2–2 draw with Pachuca.
On 3 April 2011 Reyna scored his first hat-trick for América in a 5–4 win against Puebla in the Clausura 2011 tournament. On 1 May 2011 after scoring the second goal in the 91' minute in the 2–0 win over home-side Pumas, Reyna scored his 13th league goal, thus becoming
goalscoring champion of the Clausura 2011. He made team history by scoring 13 goals making him the second Mexican-born goalscoring champion, the last one being Cuauhtemoc Blanco in 1998, who scored 16 goals.
On 24 October 2011, Reyna was separated from the first team after saying that the team's captain, Aquivaldo Mosquera, was made of "water" and that América had a defense of "plastic". América was in the 16th position of the league and had one of the worst defenses in the tournament. After that declarations Reyna was separated of the team. On 21 December 2011, Reyna joined C.F. Monterrey. Reyna scored 4 goals and 3 assist in his first tournament with Monterrey. His team won the 2011-12 CONCACAF Champions League and was the runner-up for the Mexican Clausura 2012. He showed off on the CONCACAF following tournament by scoring a hat-trick in the 5–0 victory over Chorrillo F.C. in the opening match. In 2013 Reyna was sent on loan to Pachuca where he scored five goals in 16 matches played. On 17 June 2013 Veracruz reached an agreement with Monterrey to purchase Reyna. He had an outstanding start with the club by scoring 7 goals in only the first 3 league matches. On 29 May 2014 Reyna made a controversial move to Guadalajara for a fee of US$3.56 million. In August 2015 Reyna was sent to train with the reserve squad after the club's president said he was not showing commitment with the team. On 10 March 2016, the club announced that they had reached an agreement to terminate his contract by mutual consent. He was then signed by Atletico Celaya.     In 2010 Reyna was called up by Javier Aguirre to play a series of friendlies with the Mexico national team against Bolivia national team, North Korea national team, and Iceland national team, where he appeared as a substitute in all three matches.
After being the Clausura 2011 top-goalscorer, he was called up by new national team coach José Manuel de la Torre for a series of friendlies against Ecuador and New Zealand national football team, and for the 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup.<PIC> Monterrey
CONCACAF Champions League: 2011–12
Guadalajara
Copa MX: Apertura 2015
Mexico
CONCACAF Gold Cup: 2011
Individual
Mexican Primera División Attacking Midfielder of the Tournament: Clausura 2011
Mexican Primera División Golden Boot: Clausura 2011


Husein "Huska" Miljković (1905 – 27 May 1944) was a Bosniak military commander who fought with various military formations in Yugoslavia during World War II. A communist politician during the interwar period, he joined the Yugoslav Partisans following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia but defected to the Ustaše in mid-1941. He defected back to the Partisans in December 1941 and was made leader of communist forces in northwestern Bosnia during 1942. Following a political disagreement, he defected to the Ustaše yet again in February 1943 and was given command of 100 soldiers. He formed his own 3,000-strong Bosniak militia with the help of the Germans and Croats in late 1943. He agreed to align himself with the Partisans once again in early 1944, prompting Bosniak anti-communists within his militia to assassinate him in May 1944.<PIC> Husein Miljković was born in 1905 in the village of Trnovi, near Velika Kladuša. He belonged to a Bosniak peasant family and never attended school. In his youth, he worked as a logger and construction worker. In the 1920s, he became a delegate to the parliament of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in Belgrade. His political activities led to him being fined and imprisoned multiple times by Yugoslav authorities. In 1937, he became one of the founding members of the Communist Party in Velika Kladuša. On 6 April 1941, Axis forces invaded the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Poorly equipped and poorly trained, the Royal Yugoslav Army was quickly defeated. The extreme Croat nationalist and fascist Ante Pavelić, who had been in exile in Benito Mussolini's Italy, was then appointed Poglavnik (leader) of an Ustaše-led Croatian state—the Independent State of Croatia (often called the NDH, from the Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska). The NDH combined almost all of modern-day Croatia, all of modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina and parts of modern-day Serbia into an "Italian-German quasi-protectorate."
Miljković became the leader of an anti-Ustaše uprising of mostly Serb citizens on Petrova Gora following the establishment of the NDH. He defected to the Ustaše in August 1941 and joined the Croatian Home Guard in Petrinja. He fought with the Croatian Home Guard until December, when he defected back to the Yugoslav Partisans and returned to Kordun. He was then transferred to the Vojnić branch of the Communist Party of Croatia (KPH). At the beginning of 1942, he became a member of the regional committee of the KPH in Karlovac. He was named commander of Velika Kladuša following the communist capture of the town in February and became the leader of the Yugoslav Partisans in Cazin. Between March and September, he served as the secretary of the regional KPH committee in Cazin. He objected when the committee was merged with the KPH headquarters in Bihać in September and was distanced from the regional communist leadership of northwestern Bosnia shortly afterwards.
Having attained the rank of deputy commander, Miljković deserted the Partisans as the Bihać field battalion began retreating from Drvar towards Livno in February 1943. He returned to Cazin and surrendered to the Ustaše 11th Infantry Regiment. He then joined the regiment in fighting against the Partisans and took command of a unit consisting of 100 men. Miljković's unit served under the 3rd Mountain Brigade of the Croatian Home Guard from June to September 1943 and was later incorporated into the 114th Jäger Division of the Wehrmacht.
With the help of the Germans and the Ustaše, Miljković formed his own militia. It consisted of eight full battalions. Approximately 3,000 soldiers joined. The unit attracted Muslim conscripts from the Croatian Home Guard and united them under the motto "For Islam!". Miljković won the support of a small circle of citizens of Velika Kladuša and local Islamic religious leaders.
The Partisans launched an unsuccessful attempt to destroy Miljković's militia in November 1943. Under German protection, Miljković began collaborating with the Chetniks against the Partisans. According to some sources, he was promoted to the rank of Colonel within the Croatian Home Guard at around this time.
The Germans, Croatians, Chetniks, and Partisans all wished to reach their own individual agreements with Miljković due to the large size of his militia. Miljković began negotiating with both the Ustaše and the Partisans in late 1943. The Ustaše proposed that his forces align themselves with the NDH and form the Krajina Brigade, while the Partisans offered to accept Miljković into their ranks. Miljković accepted the Partisan offer in January 1944 and allowed for some of his troops to join newly formed Partisan Muslim brigades. Shortly after, his entire militia joined the Partisan 4th Corps and he was promoted to the Partisan rank of Colonel. Miljković's agreements with the Partisans caused him to fall out of favour with the Germans and the Ustaše and he was killed on 27 May 1944. The affiliation of his killers is disputed. Historian Noel Malcolm writes that he was killed by pro-Ustaše members of his militia. Journalist Tim Judah states that his killers were Bosniaks working either for the Ustaše or the Partisans. Miljković is a controversial figure. His followers organized a unit known as the Green Cadre (Zeleni kadar) following his death and joined the Ustaše in carrying out atrocities against Serb civilians. They also committed terrorist acts throughout northwestern Bosnia for several years following the war. Several dozen people were killed in such attacks, which lasted until the last of the outlaws were captured in 1950.
Miljković is buried inside a mosque in Velika Kladuša. Several authors assert that the post-war politician and businessman Fikret Abdić—who led the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia during the Bosnian War—drew inspiration from him.


In association football, the Panenka is a technique used while taking a penalty kick in which the taker, instead of kicking the ball to the left or right of the goalkeeper, gives a light touch underneath the ball, causing it to rise and fall within the centre of the goal, deceiving the goalkeeper who is counted on by the taker to have guessed a side and committed to a dive away from the centre.
The technique was invented by Czech player Antonín Panenka, who introduced it to the world in the UEFA Euro 1976 final in Belgrade, when he beat West German goalkeeper Sepp Maier to claim the title for the Czechoslovakia national team. After its much publicised debut in the tournament, the Panenka kick has been used on rare occasions and mostly by highly respected players who can deal with the consequences of missing such an attempt.
Originally, in Czech language the kick is called Vršovický dloubák - a reference to the Prague district of Vršovice, where Panenka's home club Bohemians is based.
This style of penalty kick is also called Il cucchiaio ("the spoon") in Italy, cavadinha ("little dig") in Brazil and penal picado ("poked penalty kick") in Argentina and elsewhere in South America.<PIC> The aim of the technique is not to chip the ball over the goalkeeper, but to take advantage of the fact that many goalkeepers will dive to either side of the goal in anticipation, rather than waiting to see in which direction the ball is going. It is a very risky technique, because the subtle touch on the ball gives it a very slow speed, thus allowing the goalkeeper to move back from where they jumped, or even to simply remain in the same spot and wait for the ball to fall easily into their hands. In addition, the subtle touch is most easily applied by a taker who slows down as he or she is about to strike the ball, making it possible for the goalkeeper to recognize what the taker is intending. The move is known for only being used by confident penalty takers who dare to risk missing the kick. Some players that have used the Panenka kick have been criticized by the specialized media or their team's members and supporters, especially if they miss it.
According to studies, a Panenka has a lower scoring probability over placement or power, though it is alleged that if successful, a Panenka's psychological impact on the opposite team may be profound, which may be why penalty takers elect to use it. Antonín Panenka, though, saw the penalty as a reflection of his own personality.  Antonín Panenka came to international prominence playing for Czechoslovakia in the 1976 European Championship; Czechoslovakia reached the final, where they faced West Germany. After extra time, the result was 2–2, and so the first penalty shootout in a European Championships final ensued. The first seven kicks were converted, until West Germany's fourth penalty taker, Uli Hoeneß, ballooned his shot over the bar. With the score 4–3, Panenka stepped up to take the fifth Czechoslovakian penalty, to win the match under immense pressure. He feigned shooting to the side of the goal, causing West German goalkeeper Sepp Maier to dive to his left, and then gently chipped the ball into the middle of the net. The perceived impudence of the shot, in addition to its success, led a watching French journalist to dub Panenka "a poet", and his winning kick is one of the most famous ever, making Panenka's name synonymous with that particular style of penalty kick. After the game, Panenka was told that he could have been punished if he missed, as it may have been seen as disrespecting the Communist system in place at the time in his home country. On viewing the penalty Pelé described Panenka as being "either a genius or a madman". As well as winning the 1976 European Championship, Panenka helped Czechoslovakia come third in the 1980 tournament, after scoring once again in a 9–8 penalty shootout win. In the finals of the 1982 World Cup, Panenka scored twice with penalties, but these were the only Czechoslovakian goals, and the team did not progress beyond the first group stage.
The Panenka penalty has since been successfully performed by many other players in a wide range of competitions.  Only a small number of these have been, like Panenka's original, in major cup finals – Zinedine Zidane in the 2006 FIFA World Cup Final, Alexis Sánchez in the 2015 Copa América Final, and Odsonne Édouard in the 2020 Scottish Cup final. Examples of Panenkas outside finals include Sebastián Abreu for Uruguay in their 2010 FIFA World Cup quarter-final shoot-out against Ghana, Andrea Pirlo for Italy in their Euro 2012 quarter-final shoot-out against England, Lionel Messi with the winner in a UEFA Champions League game for Paris Saint-Germain against RB Leipzig in 2021, and Karim Benzema for Real Madrid against Manchester City in a UEFA Champions League semi-final in 2022.
As with all penalty attempts, not every one is successful. In the 2019 A-League Grand Final Perth Glory player Brendon Santalab, who had scored multiple Panenka penalties previously in his career, played his last game as a professional. The match ended in a penalty shootout between Sydney FC and Santalab's club Perth Glory. With the score at 3 to 1 in favour of Sydney FC, Santalab took Perth's third penalty, attempting a Panenka, but Sydney FC goalkeeper Andrew Redmayne was expecting it. The keeper stood upright and easily saved the weak kick. Sydney FC scored their next penalty, winning the shootout and the A-League Championship 4 to 1. Former England captain Gary Lineker infamously failed a Panenka which at the time, would have put him level with Bobby Charlton for the England team's top scorer, the missed penalty instead leaving him one goal behind on 48 for the rest of his career.


A special election was held on April 11, 2017, to determine the member of the United States House of Representatives for Kansas's 4th congressional district after the incumbent, Mike Pompeo, resigned because of his nomination by President Donald Trump as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Republican Ron Estes received 52.2% of the vote and won, while runner-up Democrat James Thompson lost with 46% of the vote.<PIC> Kansas's 4th congressional district is located in the south-center region of the state, centering on the city of Wichita and Sedgwick County, which contain approximately two-thirds of the district's voters. Sixteen other counties make up the rest of the district, including Barber, Butler, Chautauqua, Comanche, Cowley, Edwards, Elk, Greenwood, Harper, Harvey, Kingman, Kiowa, Pratt, Stafford, and Sumner counties, as well as a portion of southwestern Pawnee County. Regarded as a conservative district, the seat is considered to be safe for Republicans; the Fourth District had a Cook Partisan Voting Index of R+15 following the 2016 presidential election. Going into the election, the seat had not been held by a Democrat in more than twenty years, since Dan Glickman lost his reelection campaign in the 1994 midterms. At the time of the special election, the Republican Party held about a 2-to-1 advantage in voter registration in the district, with 186,850 registered Republicans to 95,788 registered Democrats. Republican Donald Trump won the district by a 27-point margin in the 2016 presidential election, receiving 60% of the vote to Democrat Hillary Clinton's 33%. Republican Mitt Romney defeated Democrat Barack Obama by a similar 26-point margin in 2012, taking approximately 62% of the vote to Obama's 36%. On January 23, 2017, the U.S. representative for Kansas's 4th congressional district, Mike Pompeo, resigned after being nominated by President Donald Trump as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. He was confirmed by the United States Senate. Gov. Sam Brownback had five days to declare a special election to be held between 45 and 60 days after being called. The day following Pompeo's resignation, Brownback declared a special election to take place on April 11.
Nominees for each party were selected by a district convention of party activists. Independent candidates were eligible to gain ballot access upon submitting 3,000 signatures within the first 25 days after the election was called.
Although not initially expecting a close race, the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC) spent $100,000 on advertising in the last week of the campaign, and Republican politicians Sen. Ted Cruz of Texas, President Donald Trump, and Vice President Mike Pence recorded robocalls or campaigned in person supporting their nominee Ron Estes. On April 10, the Cook Political Report moved the rating of the district to Lean Republican. Estes won the election by 6.2% over political newcomer James Thompson. This not only marked a dramatic shift from the 61.6%–29.6% margin that Pompeo had been re-elected by in the previous year's regularly-scheduled election, but this was also the closest race in the district since incumbent Todd Tiahrt, who held the seat from 1995 to 2011, edged out Democrat Randy Rathburn by 3% in 1996. The Republican Party selected a nominee at a convention held on February 9, 2017.  Ron Estes, State Treasurer Joseph Ashby, former radio talk show host
George Bruce, attorney
Alan Cobb, former Donald Trump campaign staffer
Todd Tiahrt, former U.S. Representative Eric Kidwell, attorney
Pete Meitzner, Wichita City Councilman Willis Hartman, businessman
Mark Hutton, state representative
Mark Kahrs, state representative
Ty Masterson, state senator
Michael O'Donnell, Sedgwick County Commissioner
Susan Wagle, President of the State Senate Ron Estes
Federal Politicians
Donald Trump, President of the United States
Mike Pence, Vice President of the United States
Ted Cruz, Texas Senator  The Democratic Party selected a nominee at a convention held on February 11, 2017.  James Thompson, attorney and U.S. Army veteran Laura Lombard, entrepreneur
Dennis McKinney, former Kansas State Treasurer and former Minority leader of the Kansas House of Representatives
Robert Tillman, nominee for this seat in 2012 and candidate for this seat in 2016
Charlie Walker, police officer Kevass Harding, former Wichita School Board member Carl Brewer, former mayor of Wichita
Dan Giroux, attorney and nominee for this seat in 2016
Henry Helgerson, state representative
Jim Ward, state representative James Thompson
U.S. Senators
Bernie Sanders, U.S. Senator from Vermont
Organizations
Our Revolution  The Libertarian Party selected a nominee at a convention held on February 11, 2017.  Chris Rockhold, educator Gordon Bakken, candidate for this seat in 2016
John Kostner, farmer and rancher     The Associated Press called the election for Estes while he was leading by 6% with 88% of precincts reporting. The lead was 6.2% when all the votes were tallied.


Forest Hills Central High School is located in Ada Township, Michigan, near Grand Rapids. It is one of three high schools in the Forest Hills Public Schools system. The district also includes Forest Hills Eastern High School (FHE) and Forest Hills Northern High School (FHN).<PIC> Forest Hills Central High School (originally "Forest Hills High School") became the first high school of the newly formed Forest Hills School District in the fall of 1958. The doors opened in September with only freshman and sophomore students. The first graduating class was 1961.
The school was memorable for its campus style construction consisting eventually of thirteen separate buildings, including an auditorium added in 1977. The classroom buildings were long hallways, which connected five or six individual rooms. Michigan winters were not amenable to the open campus and the constant walks outside from building to building. In addition, the student population continued to grow, and the buildings began to quickly deteriorate.
In 1986, Central High was completely rebuilt with the exception of the auditorium, the gymnasium, the cafeteria, and the art/industrial arts wing, all of which were incorporated into one new building. Since that time, the school has undergone numerous building and remodeling projects.
In 2009, the building underwent a multimillion-dollar construction project that included a new weight room, student and staff parking lots, main office renovation, athletic field entrance, athletic office, classrooms, and a new gym entrance and foyer. Also added to the new gym entrance were heated sidewalks. In 2010, the auditorium was remodeled. The demographic breakdown of the 1,315 students enrolled in 2015-16 was:
GENDER
Male - 49.0%
Female - 51.0%
ETHNIC BACKGROUND
Native American/Alaskan - 0.3%
Asian - 6.2%
Black - 2.5%
Hispanic - 1.7%
White - 85.6%
Multiracial - 3.7%
7.1% of the students were eligible for free or reduced-cost lunch. Forest Hills Central's athletic teams compete under the "Rangers" mascot. Most teams compete in the Ottawa-Kent Conference White division. Forest Hills Central offers the following varsity sports: Baseball
Basketball
Bowling
Cross-country
Football – 1994 state runner-up
Golf – 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988, 2010 state runner-up, 2009, 2011 state champions
Hockey
Lacrosse – 2007 was the first year of competition separate from Forest Hills Northern. Prior to that, the two schools fielded a combined team. 1990 state champions, 2008 runners-up. 2010 Division II State Champions. 2012 Division II State Champions 2013 Division II state runners-up. 2016 State Champions, 2018 Runner Up State Champions, 2019 State Champions.
Skiing – 1996 state champions
Soccer – 2004, 2015 state champions
Swimming and diving
Tennis – 1998, 2003 state champions, 2001, 2002, 2011 runner-up, 2014 state champions, 2015 state champions, 2016 state champions
Wrestling Basketball
Bowling
Cross-country
Competitive cheer
Field hockey
Golf
Gymnastics
Lacrosse
Skiing — 2017 state champions
Soccer – 2005, 2007, 2008, 2017 state champions, 2003 runner-up
Softball
Swimming and diving – 1993, 1994 state champions, 1995, 2007 runner-up
Tennis – 1985 state runner-up
Track and field
Volleyball – 1986, 1987 state runner-up
Water polo
Wrestling – 2020 state champions The Grand Rapids Supplemental School (グランドラピッズ補習授業校 Gurando Rappizu Hoshū Jugyō Kō), a part-time Japanese school, holds its classes at the high school. Adam Grinwis (born 1992, class of 2010), professional soccer player
Kyle Visser (born 1985, class of 2003), professional basketball player
Gretchen Whitmer (born 1971), 49th Governor of Michigan
Annette Ziegler (born 1964, class of 1982), Chief Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court
Kim Zimmer (born 1955), actress, Guiding Light and Santa Barbara


Mariusz Kwiecień (Polish: [ˈmar-juʂ ˈkvjɛ-tɕɛɲ], born 4 November 1972) is a Polish operatic baritone who has sung leading roles in the major opera houses of Europe and North America. He has received particular distinction in the title role of Mozart's Don Giovanni, which he has sung at the Metropolitan Opera, Lyric Opera of Chicago, Vienna State Opera, Bilbao Opera, Houston Grand Opera, San Francisco Opera, Santa Fe Opera, Warsaw Opera, Royal Opera House, London, and Seattle Opera, where he won the company's 2006–07 Artist of the Year award for the role.<PIC> Kwiecień studied at the Warsaw Academy of Music and began his professional career as Aeneas in Purcell's Dido and Aeneas at the Kraków Opera in 1993. In 1995 he sang the title role in The Marriage of Figaro in Luxembourg and Poznań. He made his Warsaw Opera debut the next year as Stanisław in Moniuszko's rarely performed Verbum Nobile. Debuts in major European and American opera houses soon followed.
A former student of the Metropolitan Opera's Lindemann Young Artist Development Program, he made his Met debut in 1999 as Kuligin in Janáček's Káťa Kabanová. By 2003 he was singing leading baritone roles there, eventually giving over 200 performances, including Marcello in La bohème (2003), Silvio in Pagliacci (2004), Count Almaviva in The Marriage of Figaro (2005), Guglielmo in Così fan tutte (2005), Dr. Malatesta in Don Pasquale (2006), Enrico in Lucia di Lammermoor (2007), Belcore in L'Elisir d'Amore (2012), the title role in Eugene Onegin (2013-2017), and Zurga in The Pearl Fishers (2015-2018).
Kwiecień has won awards in several international voice competitions, including the Vienna State Opera and Hamburg State Opera Prizes in the 1996 Hans Gabor Belvedere Competition and the Mozart Interpretation Prize and Audience Choice Award in the 1998 Francisco Viñas Competition in Barcelona. He was also selected to represent Poland in the 1999 Cardiff Singer of the World competition.
In 2015, he became the recipient of the Gold Cross of Merit for his contributions to promoting Polish culture on the initiative of President of Poland Bronisław Komorowski.
In 2017, he received a Grammy Award nomination in the Best Opera Recording category for his performance in Szymanowski: Król Roger conducted by Antonio Pappano and produced by Jonathan Allen.
In September 2020 he announced his retirement from the stage due to recurrent back problems, and became Artistic Director of the Wrocław Opera. A Night At The Opera (Kristine Jepson,  Mariusz Kwiecień,  Matthew Polenzani,  Valerian Ruminski,  Indra Thomas, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Charles Rosekranz), 2008, Naxos 8557309
Brahms: Ein deutsches Requiem, Atlanta Symphonie Orchestra and Chorus 2008, CD, Telarc
Chopin. Pieśni (Songs), 2009, CD and iTunes
Tchaikovsky: Eugene Onegin, Blu Ray and DVD 2009, a Bolshoi Theater production filmed at Paris Opera (Palais Garnier 9/2008, Bel Air Classiques
Donizetti: Lucia di Lammermoor, Blu Ray and DVD, Metropolitan Opera 2009, Deutsche Grammophon
Donizetti: Don Pasquale, Blu Ray and DVD, Metropolitan Opera 2011, Deutsche Grammophon
Slavic Heroes Arias from Russian, (Eugene Onegin, Iolanta, Mazeppa, Prince Igor, Aleko, Sadko), Polish (Halka, The Haunted Manor, Verbum nobile, King Roger) and Czech (The Cunning Peasant, The Devil's Wall) operas. Polish Radio Symphony Orchestra, Lukasz Borowicz, 2012, HMF
Mozart: Don Giovanni, Blu Ray and DVD, Royal Opera House 2014, Opus Arte
Tchaikovsky: Eugene Onegin, Blu Ray and DVD, Metropolitan Opera 2014, Uni Dist Corp (Music)
Szymanowski: Król Roger, Royal Opera House 2015, Opus arte
Bizet: Les Pêcheurs de Perles, Blu Ray and DVD, Metropolitan Opera 2017, Warner Classics/Parlophone
Donizetti: La Favorite, Blu Ray and DVD, Bayrische Staatoper 2017, Deutsche Grammophon/Verve Label Group


Hohenau is a city & district of the Itapúa Department, Paraguay, located 8 kilometers away from Trinidad and 365 kilometers away from Asunción. It has extensive cultivation fields and streams nearby like the Capi'ivary, Poromocó, Mansisovy, Santa María and others.<PIC> The name comes from its elevated position sloping slightly downhill to the Paraná river, from the German hoch 'high' and Au(e) 'floodplain'. The city was founded on March 14, 1900 by Carlos Reverchon, Guillermo Closs, Ambrosio Scholler and Esteban Scholler, helped by German colonists.
Founder Wilhelm (Guillermo) Closs, who was of German descent, was born on 31 October 1841 in Baumschneis, Brazil (today's Dois Irmãos). Closs established a place called "Serra Pelada" in the state of Río Grande do Sul. Later, he decided to move to Paraguay, where he met Hohenau's future co-founder Reverchon. Together, they drafted plans for a massive wave of German immigrants to settle in the region.
Aided by the Austrian consul to Paraguay, they successfully persuaded the government to allow for the construction of a colony. By a decree dated September 12, 1898, the Paraguayan government gave Closs and Reverchon a share of 16 square leagues in the then Alto Paraná, Encarnación Department.
On March 14, 1900, the first settlers arrived from Encarnación. In August 1900, the arrival of 8 more families (a total of 55 people) set the stage for mass migration to the colony. Some of these first families were the Dresslers, Kuschels, Fritzes, Jachows, and others.
These families faced many problems, such as disease, scarcity of resources, and a lack of communication, which were gradually overcome. The town's status was elevated to an official district in 1944.
In the 1930s and '40s, the colony began to attract many non-Germans, such as Poles, Ukrainians, and Russians, and to a lesser degree Belgians and French. Later, in 1958, a large wave of Japanese arrived. These settlers then went on to found the district of La Paz. The city is 220 square kilometers in area. It is bordered on the north and the east by the Obligado district, on the south by the Trinidad district, and on the west by the Jesús, La Paz, and San Pedro del Paraná districts.
It is located in a zone rich in hydrographic resources, with the Paraná river and the Capi'ivary stream. The climate is sub-tropical, ideal for agriculture, with temperatures ranging from 3-4 °C in winter to 37-38 °C in summer. Hohenau has a total population of 7,987 inhabitants. The inhabitants are mainly focused on agriculture, specifically on the cultivation of soy, cotton, corn, manioc, yerba mate, tung, sorgo, citric, bean, peanut, and watermelon, and the stock breeding of cows, pigs and poultry.
There are also some small industries including flour mills, yerba mate mills, wineries, brick factories, bakeries, saw-mills, carpentry shops, and starch factories.
According to the General Directorate of Statistics, Polls, and Census, the Hohenau district has the second-highest living standard in Paraguay, behind the capital, Asunción. An important tourist attraction is the Alto Paraná Hunting and Fishing Club, where traditional dorado fishing takes place.
Among the other attractions this city offers are the German and Japanese colonies, where visitors can see unique architectural characteristics, typical foods, and cultivated fields.
Hohenau can be reached by the Ruta Sexta Doctor Juan León Mallorquín, a road that crosses the urban center of the city and connects it with the cities of Encarnación and Ciudad del Este. A network of local roads connects Hohenau with other places in the surrounding area. The city has a dance school, culinary arts academy, tailoring academy, barber academy, and other institutions that teach computer science and typewriting.
Medical institutions in the city include SOS Aldea de Niños, founded August 21, 1971 on land donated by the German Association of Hohenau with 17 buildings housing 160 children; the Mother and Child Hospital; the SOS Hospital with 40 beds and 2500 monthly consultations; and the Adventist Clinic that started its medical assistance service to the district and the department in 1963. Center:
San José
San Blás
Cerro Corá
CONAVI
Primavera
Obrero
Santa Lucía
Rural zone:
Hohenau 1 (Puerto Hohenau)
Hohenau 2 (Centro Urbano)
Hohenau 3 (Campo Ángel)
Hohenau 4 (Caguarené)
Hohenau 5 (Santa María) Nazi war criminal Dr. Josef Mengele lived in hiding in Hohenau between 1959 and 1960.


Music for Films is the seventh solo studio album by  British musician Brian Eno, released in 1978 and following his ambient album Ambient 1: Music for Airports. It is a conceptual work intended as a soundtrack for imaginary films, although many of the pieces had already appeared in actual films.<PIC> The album is a loose compilation of material from the period 1975 to 1978, composed of short tracks ranging from one-and-a-half minutes to just over four, making it the antithesis of the long, sprawling, ambient pieces he later became known for. The compositional styles and equipment used also carried over onto Eno's work on some of David Bowie's 1977 album Low.
Unlike Eno's later ambient works, Music for Films utilises a broader sonic palette, with Eno's synthesizers and "found sounds" being supplemented by standard studio instrumentation played by other musicians (see Credits). Originally released as a limited-edition (five hundred copies) LP in 1976 which was sent to a selection of filmmakers for possible inclusion in their work, the commercial Music for Films release was expanded to include a number of pieces for, as Eno put it, "possible use as soundtracks to 'imaginary' films". In fact, excerpts from the album did appear in at least seven films and one TV series:
Three further Film albums were released: Music for Films Volume 2 in 1983 (originally only available as a part of the ten-LP box set Working Backwards: 1983-1973), Music for Films III in 1988 (which consisted of work by various artists), and More Music for Films in 2005, which combined tracks from the box set LP along with tracks from the original 1976 limited edition release. The album has manifested in several forms, featuring different track-listings and track-times.
1 : Promotional LP, 1976 (the Director's Edition), issued in a limited number of 500 copies. There are two versions:
A test pressing with 25 tracks (where the titles are not given).
Official release with 27 tracks. Many of those tracks were taken from Another Green World or appeared later on the official 1978 issue. Essentially all of the 'unreleased' tracks are available on the Music for Fans, Vol. 1 bootleg and – rather more officially – on the Eno Instrumental Box Set.
2 : Original 1978 release. The LP packaging featured a matte finish on the outside with a glossy finish on the inside, opposite of standard LP covers at the time.
3 : Editions EG reissue. The tracks were rearranged into what Eno felt was a more satisfactory sequence. This is now the "standard" issue. (Note: the cassette version of the Editions EG reissue used the track order from the original 1978 version, though the packaging listed the tracks in the rearranged order.)
"Deep Waters" appears in More Music for Films as "Dark Waters".
"Dark Waters" is unpublished elsewhere. All songs composed by Brian Eno, except where noted.
1978 version
"M386"
"Aragon"
"From the Same Hill"
"Inland Sea"
"Two Rapid Formations"
"Slow Water"
"Sparrowfall (1)"
"Sparrowfall (2)"
"Sparrowfall (3)"
"Quartz"
"Events in Dense Fog"
"There Is Nobody"
"A Measured Room"
"Patrolling Wire Borders"
"Task Force"
"Alternative 3"
"Strange Light"
"Final Sunset"
Limited-edition 1976 promo issue
"Becalmed"
"Deep Waters"
"'There Is Nobody'"
"Spain"
"Untitled"
"The Last Door"
"Chemin de Fer"
"Dark Waters"
"Sparrowfall (1)"
"Sparrowfall (2)"
"Sparrowfall (3)"
"Evening Star"
"Another Green World"
"In Dark Trees"
"Fuseli"
"Melancholy Waltz"
"Northern Lights"
"From the Coast"
"Shell"
"Little Fishes"
"Empty Landscape"
"Reactor"
"The Secret"
"Don't Look Back"
"Marseilles"
"Final Sunset"
"Juliet"
Editions EG reissue
"Aragon" – 1:37
Performed by: Eno, Percy Jones, Phil Collins, Paul Rudolph
"From the Same Hill"  – 3:00
"Inland Sea"  – 1:24
"Two Rapid Formations" – 3:23
Performed by: Eno, Bill MacCormick, Dave Mattacks, Fred Frith
"Slow Water" – 3:16
Performed by: Eno, Robert Fripp
"Sparrowfall (1)"  – 1:10
"Sparrowfall (2)"  – 1:43
"Sparrowfall (3)"  – 1:23
"Alternative 3"  – 3:15
"Quartz"  – 2:02
"Events in Dense Fog"  – 3:43
"There Is Nobody"  – 1:43
"Patrolling Wire Borders" (Eno, Percy Jones) – 1:42
Performed by: Eno, Paul Rudolph, Phil Collins, John Cale, Rod Melvin
"A Measured Room"  – 1:05
Performed by: Eno, Percy Jones
"Task Force"  – 1:22
"M386"  – 2:50
Performed by: Eno, Percy Jones, Phil Collins, Paul Rudolph
"Strange Light" (Eno, Fred Frith) – 2:09
Performed by: Eno, Fred Frith, Rhett Davies
"Final Sunset"  – 4:13 Rhett Davies – trumpet on "Strange Light", assistant producer
John Cale – viola on "Patrolling Wire Borders"
Rod Melvin – electric piano on "Patrolling Wire Borders"
Paul Rudolph – guitar on "Aragon", "Patrolling Wire Borders" and "M386"
Phil Collins – percussion on "Aragon", "Patrolling Wire Borders" and "M386"
Percy Jones – bass guitar on "Aragon", "A Measured Room" and "M386"
Robert Fripp – electric guitar on "Slow Water"
Fred Frith – electric guitar on "Two Rapid Formations" and "Strange Light"
Bill MacCormick – bass guitar on "Two Rapid Formations"
Dave Mattacks – percussion on "Two Rapid Formations"
Ritva Saarikko – cover photograph


Henry Saxon (16 August 1918 – 3 October 2005) was an artist specialising in miniatures. His paintings typically comprised verse or biblical text set in fine borders with one or more inset illustrative pictures.<PIC> Henry Saxon was born in Ashton-under-Lyne in 1918 and as he grew up his grandfather encouraged him to follow his artistic talent. At the age of fourteen he joined the Manchester School of Art and studied art and, in particular, calligraphy.
At 21, Henry joined the Army Medical Corps, married at 23 and lived in Africa until the end of the World War II.  He then returned to England to join his wife Agnes.  In 1940 he produced most of the 67 illustrations for a medical text on radiography: 'The Handbook of Radiography' by John A. Ross MA(Camb), MRSC (Eng), LRCP (Lond), DMRE (L'pool). Published by HK Lewis & Co London, 1940.
After the war his only child Moira was born and he returned to work in the printing industry where he was introduced to John Spencer, Hon. RMS, who introduced him to miniature art and his niche specialty of miniature illuminated calligraphy started.
In 1985 he was elected to Associate Membership of the Royal Miniature Society after a number of years exhibiting with them and also helping with the production of their magazine.  Two years later he was awarded the prestigious Gold Memorial Bowl. He has also won the Gordon Drummond and the Fairman members subject miniature awards, is a founder member of the Hilliard society of miniaturists and was elected as a Signature member of the Miniature Artists of America winning awards in Georgia and Florida. Through his life, Henry produced many hundreds of miniatures. The calligraphy is typically exquisite, normally of poems or passages of scripture and beautifully set.
The work starts with the draft text using a fine lead pencil, sanded to an even sharper point. Then with specially adapted pens, ground down by hand to produce a fine tip the text is completed and any gold leaf brushed onto the required sections. Then the borders and any paintings are incorporated. This illuminated script of a song, Candle in the Wind, written and popularized by Elton John. It was painted after the Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales in 1997 at which the song was sung by its composer. It features a classically illuminated first letter with a gold border and scroll text title. Heraldic roses, approximately 18, decorate and tumble around the relatively 'large' illuminated and highly decorative initial letter G; note the white burning candle in the centre of the G.  A very fine line border in gold leaf, decorative at two of the corners, surrounds the whole illumination and text. A totally unique oval miniature of the head of the Virgin Mary with a gold crown; there is an extravagant use of gold leaf for the crown. This miniature is painted in an icon style.  Henry is conveying his own beliefs through this miniature. The amazing feature is the background, which looks alive, without solid colour but shimmering (Henry's background in printing would have helped him with the intricate Pointillism). This is a moment of cosmic significance, as the Virgin Mary accepts the task of bearing the Son of God. He achieved this through complex colour and use of dark and light.  Scrolled wording of Mary's words:  "My soul magnifies the Lord" is at the base of the miniature.  Henry constantly looked for new ways of expression to enhance the calligraphy text he chose, and this is an unusual and strong demonstration of this trait. An oval miniature with biblical text from Proverbs Chapter 32, a border of scrollwork in autumnal colours growing in intensity to the base of the oval. Classic simplicity. The very delicate illustration, title and initial letters of each verse are in blue on a white background. The title is set in the top border which includes objects which are hinted at, you have to delve into this miniature and explore it to discover these. This miniature was placed in an exhibition of miniatures by seventeen contemporary miniaturist at the Medici Galleries in Grafton Street, Bond Street, London in 1985. This is the only miniature by Henry that has been printed and reproduced. Three verses of a hymn by Bishop Frank Houghton (1894–1972) describing the mystery of the Incarnation of Christ.  The two small miniature illustrations depict the splendour of the Godhead at the top and the lowly nativity scene at the bottom.  The border is in a rich blue with scroll work of gold leaf draws attention to the reference of 'saphire-paved courts'.  The nativity has similarities to one within a group of pictures from an English manuscript "Psalter:  ms. Arundel 83, British Museum Six scenes from the childhood of Christ, folio 124 R." of the 14th century at the British Museum, A plate of which is within Treasures of Illumination English Manuscripts of the Fourteenth Century (c1250 to 1400) described by The Rev. Canon F. Harrison, MA, FSA Chancellor and Librarian of York Minster.  (1937) London:  The studio Ltd.  New York:  The Studio Publications Inc. Amazing and very details scroll work on the border surrounding the 7 verses, the lettering and calligraphy is very small.  8 small miniatures each surrounded by a border of gold-leaf are present, 5 different shapes have been used for these.  5 of these small miniatures have burst of light with a bird which gives a sense of movement and flight.  The slightly larger miniature of a cuckoo at the top centre also incorporates boughs and leaves of a tree.  There are two small portraits within each side of the border one a school boy and the other a more mature man reflecting, both of these illustrate the wording within the poem.  This miniature is painted in predominantly blue but also with green. Two borders surround the text from Ignatius Loyola (1491). The outer border a fine line of gold-leaf. The inner border is also outlined with gold leaf and is totally filled with scroll work of reds and pinks changing through to purples and to blues, the main swathes are in green. The top and right section of the border are narrow compared to the bottom border and the left border which has yet a further increase. A small raised square miniature framed by curved gold leaf is on the top left corner of the border;  it depicts the head of Christ at the crucifixion. The background to this small miniature of Christ's death can be compared to that of the miniature of the Magnificat the response to announcement of Christ's conception, and of both it could be said: "The amazing feature is the background, which looks alive, without solid colour but shimmering. This is a moment of cosmic significance." The contrasts between the two backgrounds are in the colouring: the announcement of the conception is full of colour but the crucifixion is in solely brown tones.  This miniature displays calligraphy which is comparatively large for Henry, showing it probably was a miniature painted after his stroke, Henry displayed a strong determination to overcome his disability and continue with his fine miniature art work. This miniature is a consideration of the difference between contentment and the burden of much with text by John Bunyan. One wonders why such an ornate illumination with much use of gold leaf has been chosen. There is gold leaf on the pinnacles, borders, and in the scroll work, it is also on the border around the small raised miniature painting of the humble shepherd boy.  Perhaps it is all to create a great contrast between the simplicity of the shepherd boy with "here little" and the richness in gold illustrating the "hereafter bliss".  A detailed description of the sequence of producing this miniature is found in The Techniques of Painting Miniatures.  This miniature was exhibited as part of the 2nd World Miniature Exhibition in Hobart Tasmania in the year 2000.
Note on Piano Key Miniatures An old piano was left outside a house in Harrow, ready for refuse.  The keys were examined and found to be ivory.  Henry sought permission to keep the unworn and unchipped keys.  Most of the piano key sized miniatures he crafted were on ivory from this source. A Windmill with brick factory chimneys in the background (now demolished).  Sense of power of the wind depicted in the clouds and the contrast of the golden calm of harvest gathered in. (Piano key) Two miniatures were painted of this text on piano keys for his first wife Agnes, one with a predominance of reds and the other with blues.  Exceptional detail on a very small 'canvas'.  (Piano key) A red background, the colour of love, which has edging at times straight and at other points intricately curved.  The short text is presented on 2 scrolls but the centrepiece is an unending knot presented in gold leaf.  (Piano key) Surrounding this blessing a large amount of gold leaf is used on the border.  The top border uses features which convey cathedral or church arches and pinnacles, (this was developed and also used in the miniature 'The Shepherd Boy Sings'):  this feature is portrayed in early illuminations in The Saint-Omer Hours 1350 British Library London Add. ms.36684 Books of Hours and Their Owners, John Hartman Thames and Hudson 1997 Adoration of the Magi. On this upright oblong piano key the heavenly blessing depicted by gold cathedral pinnacles plus a starry sky is seen to be transferred and descending to the bottom of the miniature with the word 'THEE'.  (Piano key) This picture features on the cover of The Magic of Miniatures with Psalm 121 and "A Poem" by Cecil Spring-Rice inside.  A line drawing of a Swiss chalet, path and tree within the alps.  A wash of walnut was applied to the Bristol board.  Touches of white can be seen on the mountains.


WBOB (600 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Jacksonville, Florida.  The station airs a talk radio format and is owned by Chesapeake-Portsmouth Broadcasting Corporation.   Weekdays begin with a local news and information show, followed by mostly syndicated programming, including shows from Laura Ingraham, Michael Savage, Dennis Prager, Eric Metaxas, Jay Sekulow and Red Eye Radio.  Most hours begin with Townhall News.  Some hours are paid brokered programming.  The station calls itself "AM 600 & FM 101.1 The Answer," a slogan often used on Salem Radio Network talk stations.
By day, WBOB is powered at 50,000 watts, the maximum power permitted for commercial AM stations by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).  But at night, to protect other stations on AM 600, it reduces power to 9,700 watts.  A directional antenna, located off Lenox Avenue in Jacksonville, is used at all times.  Listeners in Jacksonville and adjacent communities can also hear WBOB on FM translator station W266CX at 101.1 in Fruit Cove, Florida.<PIC>  On December 9, 1933, the station signed on as WMBR, at 1270 kilocycles.  It was owned by the Florida Broadcasting Company and transmitted using 100 watts.  In the 1940s, WMBR moved first to 1400 kHz and transmitting with 250 watts, then move to 1460 kHz and increased its power to 5,000 watts.  WMBR was a CBS Radio Network affiliate, and carried its schedule of dramas, comedies, news, sports, soap operas, game shows and big band broadcasts during the Golden Age of Radio.
In 1948, it added an FM station, WMBR-FM (now WEJZ), and in 1949, it put a TV station on the air, WMBR-TV (now WJXT).  WMBR-TV was the first TV station in Jacksonville and carried programming from all the major networks initially.
Meanwhile, in 1942, another AM station went on the air in Jacksonville, WJDC at 1270 kHz.  It was owned by the Jacksonville Broadcasting Company and was powered at 5,000 watts. In a few years, it had moved to 600 kHz. It changed its call sign to WPDQ and was an ABC affiliate. Henderson Belk, a North Carolina businessman, purchased WPDQ in 1964 from Brush-Moore Newspapers. In the 1960s and early 1970s, WPDQ carried a Top 40 format, while WMBR stayed with its full service middle of the road (MOR) format. In 1975, after Belk sold the station to Robert Rounsaville of Atlanta, the two stations made a switch. WMBR took the better frequency at 600 kHz, describing its format as "Bright MOR Personality."  WPDQ moved higher up the dial to WMBR's old frequency, 1460 kHz, continuing its Top 40 format.
In 1977, AM 600 switched its call letters to WSNY, calling itself "Sunny 60," although the format remained the same. Then, in 1980, the call letters were changed to WAIV, and began simulcasting Top 40 programming from its FM sister station WAIV-FM, known as “The Big Wave.” Pop Country became the new format in 1981 with a call letter change to WOKV, known as "OK 60 The Unrock." Music continued on WOKV through the 1980s, with various adjustments from pop country to adult contemporary to oldies. In 1986, the station was bought by EZ Communications.  AM 600 would then flip to a news/talk format, and was Jacksonville's original home of the syndicated Rush Limbaugh Show.
In 1994, Prism Radio Partners acquired the former WAPE, "The Big Ape." WAPE had Jacksonville's best AM signal, transmitting with 50,000 watts by day non-directional, and 10,000 watts at night with a directional signal. The WOKV callsign and news/talk programming was moved to 690 AM; the WPDQ callsign was again returned to AM 600, and flipped to an adult standards format. In 1996, WPDQ flipped to sports talk as "The Ball"; concurrent with the flip, WPDQ changed call letters to WBWL.
Cox Radio purchased the station in 1999, and in April 2002, WBWL was sold to The Walt Disney Company, and became Jacksonville's affiliate for Radio Disney on August 1 of that year. Children's radio programming lasted until October 1, 2010, when Radio Disney sold WBWL to Chesapeake-Portsmouth Broadcasting Corporation. The call letters were changed to WBOB, and the format flipped to conservative talk, featuring Bill Bennett's Morning in America, Laura Ingraham and Glenn Beck, along with a variety of local news and talk programming.
As of the 2014 season, WBOB broadcasts games from the Jacksonville Sharks Arena Football League. Also in the mid-2010s, WBOB got a power boost, going from 5,000 watts day and night, to 50,000 watts in the daytime and 9,700 watts at night.


The histone code is a hypothesis that the transcription of genetic information encoded in DNA is in part regulated by chemical modifications to histone proteins, primarily on their unstructured ends.  Together with similar modifications such as DNA methylation it is part of the epigenetic code. Histones associate with DNA to form nucleosomes, which themselves bundle to form chromatin fibers, which in turn make up the more familiar chromosome. Histones are globular proteins with a flexible N-terminus (taken to be the tail) that protrudes from the nucleosome. Many of the histone tail modifications correlate very well to chromatin structure and both histone modification state and chromatin structure correlate well to gene expression levels. The critical concept of the histone code hypothesis is that the histone modifications serve to recruit other proteins by specific recognition of the modified histone via protein domains specialized for such purposes, rather than through simply stabilizing or destabilizing the interaction between histone and the underlying DNA. These recruited proteins then act to alter chromatin structure actively or to promote transcription.
For details of gene expression regulation by histone modifications see table below. The hypothesis is that chromatin-DNA interactions are guided by combinations of histone modifications.  While it is accepted that modifications (such as methylation, acetylation, ADP-ribosylation, ubiquitination, citrullination, SUMO-ylation and phosphorylation) to histone tails alter chromatin structure, a complete understanding of the precise mechanisms by which these alterations to histone tails influence DNA-histone interactions remains elusive.  However, some specific examples have been worked out in detail.  For example, phosphorylation of serine residues 10 and 28 on histone H3 is a marker for chromosomal condensation.  Similarly, the combination of phosphorylation of serine residue 10 and acetylation of a lysine residue 14 on histone H3 is a tell-tale sign of active transcription. Well characterized modifications to histones include:
Methylation: Both lysine and arginine residues are known to be methylated. Methylated lysines are the best understood marks of the histone code, as specific methylated lysine match well with gene expression states. Methylation of lysines H3K4 and H3K36 is correlated with transcriptional activation while demethylation of H3K4 is correlated with silencing of the genomic region. Methylation of lysines H3K9 and H3K27 is correlated with transcriptional repression. Particularly, H3K9me3 is highly correlated with constitutive heterochromatin.  Methylation of histone lysine also has a role in DNA repair.  For instance, H3K36me3 is required for homologous recombinational repair of DNA double-strand breaks, and H4K20me2 facilitates repair of such breaks by non-homologous end joining.
Acetylation—by HAT (histone acetyl transferase); deacetylation—by HDAC (histone deacetylase): Acetylation tends to define the 'openness' of chromatin as acetylated histones cannot pack as well together as deacetylated histones.
Phosphorylation
Ubiquitination
SUMOylation
However, there are many more histone modifications, and sensitive mass spectrometry approaches have recently greatly expanded the catalog.
A very basic summary of the histone code for gene expression status is given below (histone nomenclature is described here): H2BK5ac H3K4me1 - primed enhancers
H3K4me3 is enriched in transcriptionally active promoters.
H3K9me2 -repression
H3K9me3 is found in constitutively repressed genes.
H3K27me3 is found in facultatively repressed genes.
H3K36me
H3K36me2
H3K36me3 is found in actively transcribed gene bodies.
H3K79me2
H3K9ac is found in actively transcribed promoters.
H3K14ac is found in actively transcribed promoters.
H3K23ac
H3K27ac distinguishes active enhancers from poised enhancers.
H3K36ac
H3K56ac is a proxy for de novo histone assembly.
H3K122ac is enriched in poised promoters and also found in a different type of putative enhancer that lacks H3K27ac. H4K5ac
H4K8ac
H4K12ac
H4K16ac
H4K20me
H4K91ac Unlike this simplified model, any real histone code has the potential to be massively complex; each of the four standard histones can be simultaneously modified at multiple different sites with multiple different modifications. To give an idea of this complexity, histone H3 contains nineteen lysines known to be methylated—each can be un-, mono-, di- or tri-methylated. If modifications are independent, this allows a potential 4¹⁹ or 280 billion different lysine methylation patterns, far more than the maximum number of histones in a human genome (6.4 Gb / ~150 bp = ~44 million histones if they are very tightly packed). And this does not include lysine acetylation (known for H3 at nine residues), arginine methylation (known for H3 at three residues) or threonine/serine/tyrosine phosphorylation (known for H3 at eight residues), not to mention modifications of other histones.
Every nucleosome in a cell can therefore have a different set of modifications, raising the question of whether common patterns of histone modifications exist. A study of about 40 histone modifications across human gene promoters found over 4000 different combinations used, over 3000 occurring at only a single promoter. However, patterns were discovered including a set of 17 histone modifications that are present together at over 3000 genes. Therefore, patterns of histone modifications do occur but they are very intricate, and we currently have detailed biochemical understanding of the importance of a relatively small number of modifications.
Structural determinants of histone recognition by readers, writers and erasers of the histone code are revealed by a growing body of experimental data.<PIC>


Harry Wilfred Burch (November 20, 1900 –  November 30, 1950) was an American-born, Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Hamilton Tigers, New York Americans, Chicago Black Hawks, and Boston Bruins.  Born in Yonkers, New York, Burch grew up in Toronto and scored 42 goals in 12 Memorial Cup playoff games to lead the Toronto Canoe Club Paddlers to the 1920 Canadian junior championship.
Burch won the Hart Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player in 1924–25. In that same season, he joined his teammates in precipitating the first player's strike in NHL history and which led to the dissolution of the Hamilton franchise.  Transferring to the newly formed New York franchise, Burch served as the team's captain, scored the first goal in Americans' history in 1925 and won the Lady Byng Trophy in 1926–27 as the NHL's most gentlemanly player. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1974.<PIC> Burch was born on November 20, 1900, in Yonkers, New York, but moved to Toronto at a young age and grew up in the Ontario capital as a multi-sport athlete playing lacrosse, football and hockey. In football, Burch played quarterback for the Toronto Central YMCA team that won the provincial junior championship in 1920. That same year he was a teammate of Lionel Conacher and Roy Worters with the Toronto Canoe Club Paddlers hockey team which won the 1920 Memorial Cup as the Dominion champions of Canada. Burch led all players in the Memorial Cup playoffs with 42 goals, 12 assists and 54 points in 12 games. He spent the following two seasons with the Toronto Aura Lee team in the Ontario Hockey Association. After beginning the 1922–23 season with the New Haven Westminsters in the United States Amateur Hockey Association, Burch was signed to a contract by the Hamilton Tigers on January 30, 1923.  He joined a Tigers team that was last in the four-team NHL, but which improved as he did. After scoring six goals in ten games to finish that season, Burch finished in a tie for third in NHL scoring in 1923–24 with 22 points.  The Tigers finished 1924–25 as the regular season champions with a 19–10–1 record, and Burch was voted the winner of the Hart Trophy as the league's most valuable player following a 20-goal regular season.
The NHL had expanded by two teams that season and the schedule increased from 24 to 30 games, however Burch and his teammates were not paid any extra compensation by the Tigers.   In protest, the players demanded that the team and league pay each individual $200 for the additional regular season and playoff games, or they would refuse to play the NHL championship series. After defying an order by league president Frank Calder to play, the team was disqualified and the Montreal Canadiens, who won the semi-final series, were declared league champions. The Tigers' actions constituted the first player's strike in NHL history. The Tigers franchise was sold and relocated for the 1925–26 season.
The franchise became the New York Americans, and Burch was named the team's captain, a position he would hold until 1932. The team played up his New York birth; he was dubbed both "Yonkers Billy Burch" and "the Babe Ruth of hockey". Burch scored the first goal in Americans' franchise history on December 2, 1925, in a 2–1 victory over the Pittsburgh Pirates, and finished the season eighth in league scoring with 25 points.  He again finished eighth in scoring, with 27 points, in 1926–27, and was voted the winner of the Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for his "effectiveness and a true sporting spirit".
Following a last-place finish in the Canadian Division, the Americans revamped their roster for the 1928–29 season.  Of the team's regulars the past season, only Burch and Lionel Conacher were retained. Burch scored 11 goals and 16 points for New York and played the only two playoff games of his NHL career after the team improved to a second-place finish. He scored only 10 points in 1929–30 before improving to 22 points in each of the following two campaigns. Approaching the end of his career, Burch was sold by New York to the Boston Bruins prior to the 1932–33 season. However, he did not see much playing time in Boston in the first part of the season and on January 17, 1933, was traded to the Chicago Black Hawks in exchange for Vic Ripley. Burch suffered a broken leg at the end of the season which spelled the end of his playing career.  Burch was the last active NHL player who had played with the Hamilton Tigers.
Burch retired to Toronto, where he died in 1950. Montreal Gazette sportswriter Tommy Shields praised Burch as a quality NHL player: "He broke in and played in the days when the going was rough and a player had to be good to stick. If you didn't make it, there was no going back to the amateur ranks. Billy turned pro and never looked back. He was a major leaguer all the way." He was posthumously inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1974.


Keya Paha County (/ˈkɪpəhɔː/ KIP-ə-haw) is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 824. Its county seat is Springview.
In the Nebraska license plate system, Keya Paha County is represented by the prefix 82 (it had the 82nd-largest number of vehicles registered in the county when the license plate system was established in 1922).<PIC> The name "Keya Paha" is taken from the Dakota language; literally translated, it means "turtle hill". The Dakota name for a set of small hills was given to the county and to the Keya Paha River, which runs through it.
All land north of the Keya Paha River (which includes a small portion of Keya Paha County and most of neighboring Boyd County) was not originally part of Nebraska at the time of statehood, but was transferred from Dakota Territory in 1882.
Keya Paha County was organized in 1884 of land partitioned from Brown County. Keya Paha County lies on the northern boundary of Nebraska, abutting the state of South Dakota. The county's terrain consists of low rolling hills, whose level areas are used for agriculture, including center pivot irrigation. The Keya Paha River flows east-southeastward through the northeastern part of the county, while the Niobrara River flows eastward along the south county line. The county has a total area of 774 square miles (2,000 km²), of which 773 square miles (2,000 km²) is land and 0.8 square miles (2.1 km²) (0.1%) is water.
Keya Paha County is located in Nebraska's Outback region. U.S. Highway 183
 Nebraska Highway 7
 Nebraska Highway 12
 Nebraska Highway 137 Tripp County, South Dakota - north
Gregory County, South Dakota - northeast
Boyd County - east
Holt County - southeast
Rock County - south
Brown County - south
Cherry County - west
Todd County, South Dakota - northwest Niobrara National Scenic River (part) As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 983 people, 409 households, and 292 families in the county. The population density was 1.3 people per square mile (0.5/km²); there were 548 housing units at an average density of 0.7 per square mile (0.3/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 99.39% White, 0.20% Native American, and 0.41% from two or more races; 3.87% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race; 46.7% were of German, 10.6% English, 9.8% American, 7.0% Irish and 6.0% Swedish ancestry.
There were 409 households, out of which 24.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.30% were married couples living together, 4.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.60% were non-families. 26.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.91.
The county population contained 23.80% under the age of 18, 6.70% from 18 to 24, 23.40% from 25 to 44, 25.40% from 45 to 64, and 20.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 101.40 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.90 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $24,911, and the median income for a family was $28,287. Males had a median income of $18,750 versus $19,107 for females. The per capita income for the county was $11,860. About 22.40% of families and 26.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.30% of those under age 18 and 18.80% of those age 65 or over. As of 2008, Keya Paha County was the most Republican of all the counties in Nebraska, with 82.7% of its 707 registered voters registered as Republicans. The last Democratic Presidential candidate to win the county was Woodrow Wilson in 1916. In 1994, Ben Nelson was the last Democratic gubernatorial candidate to carry the county. Brocksburg
Burton
Jamison
Meadville
Mills
Norden
Riverview
Springview (county seat)


The second USS Butte (AE-27) was a  Kilauea-class ammunition ship in the United States Navy.  She was laid down 21 July 1966 by General Dynamics Quincy Shipbuilding Division at Quincy, Massachusetts, and was christened and launched 9 August 1967.  She was commissioned on 14 December 1968 in the Boston Naval Shipyard and assigned to the U.S. Atlantic Fleet, originally homeported in Norfolk, Virginia.<PIC> During the crisis in Jordan in 1970, Butte was awarded a Meritorious Unit Commendation for her peacekeeping role in that operation.
From December 1972 to July 1973 she operated in the Tonkin Gulf and was awarded the Vietnam Service Medal with one battle star.
Shortly after getting underway from Norfolk on 3 September 1974, Butte suffered a major fire in the main switchboard, disrupting all ship support electrical supply. She was towed back to the naval base for repairs which included replacing the switchboard.
In July 1978, Butte's homeport was temporarily shifted to Brooklyn, New York, where she underwent a major overhaul.  In June 1979, her homeport then became Naval Weapons Station Earle, New Jersey. Butte was awarded the Navy Expeditionary Medal for a 1981 Indian Ocean deployment which also took her to the Mediterranean. A 1983 deployment took Butte to the shores of Beirut, Lebanon, where she was awarded the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal for her support of U.S. Embassies overseas, including those in Beirut, Lebanon, and Tunis, Tunisia. During a 1984-85 Mediterranean deployment, she was rated as best ship in Service Squadron Two and, in May 1985, was awarded the Battle Efficiency "E" in Engineering, Damage Control, Command Control and Communications, Navigation/Deck Seamanship and Fleet Support. Butte underwent another major overhaul in Mobile, Alabama, from August 1985 to May 1986. Butte was a big part of Operation Goldenrod during a 1987 Mediterranean deployment when she helped with the arrest of two Lebanese terrorists in international waters off the coast of Lebanon.
Butte was in Brooklyn, NY for a short Phased Maintenance refitting yard period from April 1990 to September 1990 while Operation: Desert Shield was conducted. During the Brooklyn yard period, the ship was outfitted to accommodate its new female crew members. The shipyard allegedly did substandard repair work on the ship, and went bankrupt while the ship was in dry dock. The U.S. Navy sent the Butte to the shipyards at Naval Station Philadelphia for inspection of work already done by the Brooklyn yard and to finish the repair work. That was from late 1990 til January 1991 and the beginning of the Gulf War. The Butte was still in Earle when the War ended. The Butte would later spend a month off the coast of Cuba near Guantanamo Bay for pre-deployment Damage Control and firefighting training.  The Butte did in fact, deploy to the Mediterranean in support of continuing operations in the Persian Gulf and Kuwait, and the crew received the Southwest Asia Service ribbon. In September 1995, Butte began her last deployment as part of the USS America battlegroup.  She spent October 1995 operating in the Adriatic Sea, supporting air strikes in Bosnia as part of Operation Deliberate Force.  The ship also visited Cannes, France, as the U.S. Navy's representative to the annual Admiral de Grasse birthday celebration.  In mid-November, Butte headed south through the Suez Canal into the Red Sea. The ship delivered turkeys and other supplies for holiday meals to United States embassies in Jordan, Eritrea, Yemen and Djibouti.  Upon departure from the Persian Gulf, Butte returned to the Adriatic, supporting the NATO Peace Implementation Forces in Operation Joint Endeavor.  Between operations in the Adriatic in January and February, she spent her time completing ammunition exchanges and "rollback" among the ammunition facilities in the Mediterranean.  On her way home across the Atlantic in February 1996, Butte and America conducted the last underway replenishment operation for America prior to her decommission.  Butte was scheduled to return to port on 24 February 1996, however, offsetting winds around Sandy Hook, kept her from entering port until 3 days later. She was decommissioned on 3 June 1996 and placed in service with the Military Sealift Command, where she became USNS Butte (T-AE-27). Like five of the six other ships of her class, she was overhauled upon the transfer: accommodations were improved, the main armament was taken out and she was outfitted for reduced civilian crewing. On 24 May 2004, she was put out of service by the MSC, stricken from the Naval Vessel Register and transferred to the NAVSEA Inactive Ships Maintenance Facility in Philadelphia awaiting her disposal. On 3 July 2006, the ex USS Butte was sunk as a target off the east coast of the United States using Harpoon missiles, a Mark 48 torpedo fired from the USS San Juan and EOD explosives. Coincidentally, the previous USS Butte was also sunk deliberately in 1948 after use as a target ship in Operation Crossroads.


The 52 Hukams are a set of instruction in Sikhism set by Guru Gobind Singh in Nanded, Maharashtra, India in 1708. These edicts sum up the ideal way of life of the Khalsa and serve as a code of conduct for the Khalsa Panth. Members of the Khalsa (baptized Sikhs) aim to follow all the 52 edicts.
1. Dharam dee kirat karnee – Make an honest living.
2. Dasvand denaa – Donate a tenth share of your earnings.
3. Gurbani kantth karnee – Learn Gurbani by heart.
4. Amrit Velā utthnaa – Arise during Amrit vela (early morning).
5. Sikh sevak dee sevaa ruchee naal karnee – Devotedly serve the Sikh who serves others.
6. Gurbani de arth Sikh vidhvanaa tuo parrhnae – Study the essence of Gurbani from learned Sikhs.
7. Panj Kakaar dee rehit drirh kar rukhnee – Follow the discipline of The Five Ks strictly. Adhere resolutely to the five articles of faith.
8. Shabad da abhiaas karnaa – Practice the sacred hymns to life.
9. Sat Saroop Satgur daa dhian dharnaa – Contemplate and assimilate the beautiful truth of the True Enlightener.
10. Guru Granth Sahib Jee noo Guru mananaa – Believe in and accept Guru Granth Sahib Ji as the Guide to enlightenment.
11. Kaarjaan dae arambh vich ardaas karnee – When undertaking any task, first perform the prayer of Ardās.
12. Jaman, maran, ja viah mokae jup da paatth kar tihaaval (Karaah Parsaad) kar anand sahib dia punj paurian, ardaas, pratham panj pyaariaan atae hazooree granthee noo vartaa kae oprunth sangat noo vartaaouna – For birth naming, funeral, or marriage ceremonies or devotional reading paath; recite Japji Sahib while making Karah Parshad, perform five verses of Anand Sahib, and ardaas; and then distribute Karah Prashad to the Panj Pyare, attending Granthi, and then to the sangat gathered for worship.
13. Jad tak Karaah Parshaad vartadaa rahae sadh sangat addol batthee rahae – Until Karah Parshad has been served to everyone, the congregation ought to be still and remain seated.
14. Anand viah binaa grahist nahee karnaa – Without the Anand Karaj marriage ceremony, carnal relations should not occur.
15. Par istree, ma bhain, dhee bhain, kar jaananee. Par istree da sang nahee karnaa – Other than your wedded wife, consider all women as your mothers and sisters. Do not indulge in carnal marital relationships with them.
16. Istree da mooh nahee phitkaarnaa – Do not subject your wife to cursing, or verbal abuse.
17. Jagat jootth tambaakoo bikhiaa da tiaag karnaa – Discard worldly ways, falsehoods, and poisonous tobacco.
18. Rehitvaan atae naam jupan vaalae gursikhaa dee sangat karnee – Make companions of Gursikhs who follow the Rehit and recite the Divine Name.
19. Kum karan vich daridar nahee karnaa – Work hard and don't be lazy.
20. Gurbanee dee kathaa tae keertan roaz sunanaa atae karnaa – Take part in listening to Kirtan and discussions of the essence of Gurbani every day.
21. Kisae dee ninda, chugalee, atae eirkhaa nahee karnee – Do not gossip nor slander, or be spiteful to anyone.
22. Dhan, javaanee, tae kul jaat da abhiman naee karnaa (Nanak daadak tahe duae goath. Saak guroo Sikhan sang hoath) – Do not be proud of riches, youthfulness or lineage. (Regardless of maternal and paternal caste or heritage, all of the Guru's Sikhs are siblings of one family.)
23. Mat uchee tae suchee rakhnee – Maintain a high standard of purity in religious discipline.
24. Shubh karman tao kadae naa ttarnaa – Do not avoid performing virtuous acts.
25. Budh bal da daataa vaheguroo noo jaananaa – Appreciate intellect and power as gifts of the all knowing wondrous Enlightener.
26. Sugandh (kasam/saunh) dae kar itbaar janaaoun vaalae tae yakeen nahee karnaa – Have no faith in oaths sworn by one attempting to convince another of sincerity.
27. Sutantar vicharna. Raaj Kaaj dian kamaan tae doosrae mutaa dia purshaan noo huk nahee daenaa – Maintain independent thinking. In the affairs of governing the state, do not give authority to men of other faiths.
28. Raajnitee parhnee – Study and learn about governmental policies/politics.
29. Dushman naal saam, daam, bhaed, aadiak, upaa vartnae ate uprant udh karnaa – When dealing with enemies, practice diplomacy, employ a variety of tactics, and exhaust all techniques before engaging in warfare.
30. Shastar vidya atae ghorhae di savaari da abhiaas karnaa – Train in the skills of weaponry and horsemanship.
31. Doosrae mataa dae pustak, vidyaa parhnee. Pur bhrosaa drirh Gurbanee, Akaal Purakh tae karnaa| – Study the books and beliefs of other faiths. But maintain trust in Gurbani and Akal Purakh [Undying divine personification].
32. Guroopdaesaa noo dhaaran karnaa – Follow the Guru teachings.
33. Raheraas da paath kar kharae ho kae ardaas karnee – After reciting Rehras [evening prayers], stand up and perform Ardās.
34. Saun valae sohilaa atae ‘paun guru pani pita…’ salok parhnaa – Recite the late evening prayer Sohila [3 hymns] and the verse "Pavan guru pani pita…" before sleeping.
35. Dastaar binaa nahee rehnaa – Never be without the dastar [turban], wear it always.
36. Singhaa da adhaa naam nahee bulaunaa – Address a Singh by their entire name including Singh [or Kaur], do not shorten it by half or call them nicknames.
37. Sharaab nai saevanee – Do not indulge in drinking alcoholic beverages.
38. Sir munae noo kanaiaa nahee daenee. Uos ghar daeve jithae Akal Purukh dee sikhee ha, jo karza-ai naa hovae, bhalae subhaa da hovae, bibaekee atae gyanvaan hovae – Do not given a daughter's hand in marriage to a shaven one. Give her to a household where the Undying divine personification Akal Purakh and tenets of Sikhism are respected, to household without debt, of a pleasing nature, which is disciplined and educated.
39. Subh kaaraj Gurbanee anusaar karnae – Maintain all business affairs in accordance with scripture.
40. Chugalee kar kisae da kam nahee vigaarnaa – Do not cause ruin by gossiping about other's business.
41. Kaurha bachan nahee kahinaa – Do not speak in bitterness.
42. Darshan yaatraa gurdwaaraa dee hee karnee – Make pilgrimages only for seeing Gurdwaras.
43. Bachan karkae paalnaa – Keep all promises made.
44. Pardaesee, lorvaan, dukhee, apung manukh dee yataahshkat seva karnee – Do as much possible to serve and aid foreigners, those in need, or in trouble.
45. Dhee Putaree da dhan bikh Kar jananaa – Realize that earnings of a daughter is as poison [don't be greedy].
46. Dikhaavae da Sikh nahee banana – Do not act a Sikh outwardly only for show.
47. Sikhi kesaa-suaasa sang nibhaaounee – Live and die a Sikh with hair intact and unshorn.
48. Chori, yaari, tthugi, dhokaa, dagaa nahee karnaa – Abstain from thievery, adultery, cheating, deception, swindling, and pillaging.
49. Sikh da itbaar karnaa – Have confidence in a Sikh.
50. Jhutthi gavaahee nahee daenee – Do not make false testimonies.
51. Dhroh nahee karnaa – Do not participate in fraud.
52. Langar Parshaad ik ras vartaaunaa – Serve langar [free community kitchen of a gurdwara] and prashad with impartiality.<PIC>


Christian Julius Hansen (born 6 May 1814 in Christianshavn – d. 15 March 1875 in Copenhagen) was a Danish composer, organist, voice teacher and choirmaster. He studied with Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann; his works include songs, choral and orchestral pieces as well as light operas. In several of his song compositions Hansen revealed an uncommon sense of choral movement and considerable melodic vein, sometimes used fresh and cheerfully, sometimes on a quiet, slightly melancholic way.<PIC> Christian Hansen was born to stonemason Nicholas Hansen (1775–1834) and his second wife Frederikke Christine, née Hess (1775–1850).
He was admitted to the Giuseppe Siboni Conservatory when he was 11 years old, but soon had to focus his attention on composition because his beautiful voice began to change. He was encouraged by both J.P.E. Hartmann and Christoph Ernst Friedrich Weyse, to whom he dedicated his first printed work Six Romances written in 1835. In 1840 he took part in the Musikforeningen's overture competition in Copenhagen, where Gade won first prize with his Echoes of Ossian. Hansen's Overture in E major received "honorable mention". It was performed by the Music Society on 6 April 1842 and posthumously published by the Society.
On 30 December 1836 in Gjentofte he married Marie Emilie Augusta Bugge (d. 1882) and therefore had to work for his living as music teacher, until 1845 when he was appointed organist at the Garrison Church in Copenhagen, position which he exchanged in 1851. Official duties and his gregarious nature hindered him to proceed to larger compositional forms, particularly the opera which he was very fond of. Early on, he had been associated with various choral societies as conductor (Livjægersang Association, Odeon, later Commercial and Clerical Choral Society and others), when Hartmann in 1848 got him appointed med-dirigent at the Student Choral Society for which he had great significance, being a regular conductor from 1853 until his death. In 1852 he was appointed royal chamber musician and given the affectionate nickname of Kammermusikken by his student singers. He fell good in the student's world with his jovial and genial nature, contributing as much as he could to the friendly atmosphere in the campus. King Frederick VII of Denmark appreciated the work of Christian Hansen, who traveled much at court. A substantial part of Hansen's compositions were written in connection with the academic life. He composed and arranged music for Jens Christian Hostrup's comedies; for the students carnival formulas he composed the funny parodie-operetta Leonora di Massa Carrara in  1855, King Rosmer in 1857, La massacrata and A sunday in the Alps or The watermill in the Apennines in 1874, in which his musical sense of humor showed great creativity. Also several of his songs were written for the Student Choral Society, like He swinged on the Sea in 1835, Beautiful sound and Now green woods again, both in 1847, Little Karen and Do you remember the harvest in 1853.
His compositions are not at all witnesses of his considerable talent which has not yet been fully considered of merit by posterity. His larger compositions are the arms song of The corsair and his bride written in 1862, his Mourning Cantate of Frederik VII  written over Christian Richardt's Long was the struggle and strive text, In distress and danger, At the Masonic Logens Consecration, and One day in spring for solo, chorus and orchestra, performed at the Music Society after his death. Hansen also wrote romances, piano music and music for Carit Etlar's Rørfuglen, performed on 29 March 1860 at the Folksteatret. In his manuscript, found in the Royal Danish Library, some of his piano pieces were dedicated to Frederik VII, such as Bagatelle en forme d'une valse, and Charakteristic Little Pieces Composed for Her grace Madam Baroness Danner. Seks romancer (1835)
Ouverture i c-mol (ca. 1836)
Ouverture i E-dur (1839)
musik til C. Hostrups studenterkomedier
Leonora di Massa Carrara (operetteparodi 1855)
Kong Rosmer (operetteparodi 1857)
En Søndag paa Alperne (operetteparodi)
Vandmøllen i Apenninerne (operetteparodi 1874)
Han gynged paa Havet (1835)
Dejlige Øresund (1847)
Nu grønnes Skoven atter (1847)
Husker du i Høst (1853)
Rørfuglen (syngespil 1860)
Sørgekantate over Frederik 7. (1863)
Bagatelle en forme d'une valse (piano)
Charakteristiske Smaaestykker componerede for Hendes Naade Fru Baronesse Danner
I Nød og Fare (1864)
En Vaardag


The Shelburne Railroad Station and Freight Shed are two exhibit buildings at Shelburne Museum in Shelburne, Vermont, United States.
In 1890 Rutland Railroad Station President Dr. William Seward Webb commissioned the building of the railroad station near the center of Shelburne village to conveniently serve passengers on the Central Vermont and Rutland Railroads.<PIC> Designed by Robert Henderson Robertson, architect of the Vanderbilt-Webb estate on Shelburne Farms, the Railroad Station reflects the popular Shingle style, which developed out of the Queen Anne and Colonial Revival styles in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The Shingle style accentuates the asymmetrical planning and prominent gables common to Colonial and Queen Anne revival structures, while the overhanging eaves, eyebrow windows, and the obligatory shingle siding blanket the structure's exterior to emphasize its fluid, continuous form. In the case of the Railroad Station, the shingled roof, which extends from the chimney peak to the edge of the overhanging porch, dominates the structure and unifies the building. Iterations of the Shingle style became common in the design of wealthy Northeasterners' summer "cottages", such as the house at Shelburne Farms. In applying the Shingle style to the Railroad Station, Robertson guaranteed stylistic consistency between the station and his nearby Vanderbilt-Webb estate.
Robertson originally divided the interior of the Railroad Station into individual waiting rooms for men and women, with the stationmaster's office in between. In 1953, when the Rutland Railroad discontinued passenger service to Shelburne, Dr. Webb's son, Vanderbilt Webb, and son-in-law, Cyril Jones, gave the station to Shelburne Museum. The museum moved the station to its present site in 1959 and renovated the building, restoring the interior to Robertson's original plan in the process. That year the museum constructed the adjacent Freight Shed, which mimics the Railroad Station stylistically and reflects the type of outbuildings that every railroad would have maintained.  Railroads brought great changes in commerce and communications to New England in the second half of the nineteenth century. Before the advent of railroads, New Englanders depended on the region's lakes and rivers and the seacoast as their primary avenues of travel. Traveling inland proved difficult over roads that were muddy in spring, dusty and rutted in summer and fall, and littered with tree stumps year-round. Beginning in the late 1840s railroads brought new settlers to Vermont and helped the state's fledgling dairy industry flourish by providing access to markets for milk, butter, and cheese. Railroads connected once-remote New England communities to the rest of the country, improving mail delivery and bringing newspapers from Boston and New York City the next day instead of weeks later.
William Seward Webb served as president of the Wagner Palace Car Company and the Rutland Railroad at the turn of the twentieth century. The Shelburne Railroad Station, now at the museum, was constructed for Webb to serve the town and his estate at Shelburne Farms. Today it houses part of the museum's collection of railroad equipment and memorabilia. The communication devices displayed range from the simple message hoops and "high-speed delivery fork" to technological innovations like the telegraph and telephone. Other items in the collection include historic photographs and locomotive portraits, maps of the rail network in Vermont and the United States in the nineteenth century, broadsides, and timetables for Vermont railroads, and models of early locomotives.
The museum's collection also includes a large group of railroad lanterns and glass globes from railroads around the Northeast. Railroad lanterns served as a method of communication between conductors, brakemen, signalmen, and engineers. Also in the collection are track-setting equipment, semaphore flags, handcars, and other track maintenance equipment. The wooden replica of Old Ironsides, the first locomotive built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works, was first displayed at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. Part of the collection is the Gertie Buck, a self-propelled inspection car built and used by the Dewey family on the Woodstock Railway in eastern Vermont in the last decades of the nineteenth century.


Henry Brockholst Ledyard Sr. (March 5, 1812 – June 7, 1880) was the mayor of Detroit, Michigan, and a state senator, briefly served as assistant secretary under Secretary of State Lewis Cass, and was the president of the Newport Hospital and the Redwood Library in Newport, Rhode Island.<PIC> Ledyard was born in New York City on March 5, 1812, the son of prominent New York lawyer Benjamin Ledyard (1779–1812) and Susan French Livingston (1789–1864). His mother was the daughter of Revolutionary War Colonel and US Supreme Court justice Henry Brockholst Livingston (1757–1823) and granddaughter of New Jersey governor William Livingston.
Ledyard graduated from Columbia College in 1830, and began practicing law in New York. When Lewis Cass was appointed Minister to France in 1836, Ledyard accompanied him to Paris, eventually becoming chargé d’affaires of the embassy. Ledyard returned to the United States in 1844 and moved to Detroit, where he was active in the city and managed Cass's property holdings. He was one of the founders of the State Savings Bank, one of the original promoters of the Elmwood Cemetery, and was a member of the Board of Education.
He organized and promoted the first plank road company in Michigan, and was involved in a number of other ventures that promoted communication between Detroit and the interior of the state. In 1849–1850 he was an alderman of the city, and served as mayor in 1855 and was one of the original commissioners on the Board of Water Commissioners.
Ledyard was a Democrat, and was elected as a state senator in 1857. However, when Lewis Cass was appointed Secretary of State under James Buchanan, Ledyard resigned his post in the legislature and accompanied him to Washington, DC, and remained there until 1861, briefly serving as assistant secretary of state. Afterwards, he moved to Newport, Rhode Island, where he lived for the rest of his life. He raised funds for and was the first president of the Newport Hospital, and was the president of the Redwood Library in Newport. In 1839, Ledyard married Cass's daughter Matilda Frances Cass (1808–1898). The couple had five children:
Elizabeth Cass Ledyard (1840–1918), who married to Francis Wayland Goddard (1833–1889) in 1862.
Henry Brockholst Ledyard Jr. (1844–1921), a twin, who married Mary R. L'Hommedieu (1847–1895). He was president of the Michigan Central Railroad and the Union Trust Company.
Susan Livingston Ledyard (1844–1877), a twin, who married to Hamilton Bullock Tompkins (1843–1921) in 1876. She died the following year.
Lewis Cass Ledyard (1851–1932), who married to Gertrude Prince (1851–1905) in 1878. After Gertrude's death in 1905, Lewis married Isabelle Henning Morris in 1906. He was a prominent New York lawyer in the firm Carter Ledyard & Milburn, president of the New York Public Library, and personal counsel to J. Pierpont Morgan.
Matilda Spencer Ledyard (b. 1860).
Henry Ledyard died June 7, 1880, in London, England, during a brief European visit. Through his eldest son Henry, he was the grandfather of Matilda Cass Ledyard (1871–1960), who married Baron Clemens von Ketteler (1853–1900), a German diplomat, Henry B. Ledyard III (1875–1932), Augustus Canfield Ledyard (1877–1899), and Hugh Ledyard (1885–1951).