Maybole Baptist Church is the only Baptist church in Maybole, South Ayrshire, Scotland. It arose from a Maybole prayer group started in 1898 that was admitted to the Baptist Union of Scotland in 1901. The church building opened in 1914. It has operated for over a hundred years, one of 164 active Baptist churches in Scotland in the early twenty-first century serving 14,000 members.
The church building features red sandstone, a traditional gable with projected front porch and arched doorway. Designed by architect Hugh Campbell (1863-1926) of Glasgow it is a recognized noteworthy building in Maybole and the wider Carrick area of southern Scotland. The church grounds feature minimal space due to a small plot size. Maybole town, within which the church is located, is also noted for distinctive architecture.<PIC> Maybole Baptist Church is located at 14 Carrick Street, Maybole, Scotland, KA19 7DN. Carrick Street lies immediately north of the A77 road which passes through Maybole. The church's National Grid Reference (NGR) is NS 29880 09900, Canmore ID is 203792 and Site ID is NS20NE 60. The church is marked on Google maps and UK streetmap.
The church is 2 km from the Maybole railway station. The nearest active Baptist churches are Ayr Baptist Church at 15 km distance, Thomas Coates Memorial Baptist Church at 68 km, and Hillhead Baptist Church in the west end of Glasgow, a distance of 72 km.  It is estimated new Christian congregations in Scotland increased from a handful mid-nineteenth century to 184 assemblies in southern Scotland by 1900. Maybole was part of this trend. The setting for a Maybole Baptist Church further benefited from the new Baptist Union for Scotland, formed in 1869, the "Maybole Revival," an evangelist movement during the 1870s, which also published "The Maybole Evangelist" magazine, a new Maybole Presbyterian Church opened in 1880, a Baptist Theological College established in Glasgow in the 1890s, and flourishing missionary work in the expanding British Empire.
Nineteenth century industrialization also impacted Maybole, with the town seeing much new manufacturing of agricultural implements and shoes. This was significant because Baptist churches in Scotland attracted commercially active and middle class congregations. Some Maybole worshippers were also less open to the strict doctrine of older Maybole churches, for example the Church of Scotland stress on avoiding work on Sundays. Scotland's Baptist Union admitted Maybole Baptist Church in 1901, despite the lack of a church building. The Maybole Baptist Church established a building fund in 1903. Maybole Baptist Church arose from a prayer group of 17 parishioners, formed in the 1890s, a common start for churches at the time. Before the church opened the Maybole prayer group used private homes and the disused Maybole Methodist Church. Early leaders included Thomas Ramsay (1857-1934). Maybole Baptist Church opened on 30 October 1914, two months after the Great War started, eleven years after construction started. It was described as "The Youngest Church in Maybole" with seating for 320 and standing room for 120.
Construction cost £1,720, on a self-funding basis by the congregation. As comparison, the nearby Maybole Library was built in the same decade for £2,500, based on one donation from American philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. Even though the church's first pastor, Thomas Ramsay, and other elders made personal donations Maybole Baptist Church carried debt for some time. The retiring first pastor made a further gift of a manse in 1919, citing the Great War as motivation. During and after the Great War, members of Maybole Baptist Church supported a "daughter church" in Girvan, 19 km to the south. This emerged from a Girvan prayer group, established in 1907. The Girvan Baptist Church opened in 1920, closed in 2001 and was destroyed by fire in 2013.
The inaugural pastor of Maybole Baptist Church, Thomas Ramsay, was elected President of the Baptist Union of Scotland in 1921.
Maybole Baptist Church installed electricity within the church building in 1935, which is marked by a memorial plaque. The registered congregation numbered 105 in the 1930s, a high point, after which congregations declined, in line with Scotland-wide declines in Baptist congregations. Up to the 1950s, Maybole Baptist Church admitted 404 people to the Baptist Union, and up to the 1960s, it baptized 288 people. Although congregations declined from the 1930s peak some modest increase in attendance at Baptist churches within Scotland happened in the late 20th century. Maybole Baptist Church remains active in the early twenty-first century. Activities include regular Christian services and community use of the church building, registered charity status with the Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations (number SC021239), participating in Remembrance Sunday services held each 11 November, and participating in the annual gala of the Maybole Council of Churches.


Harold Giles Hoffman (February 7, 1896 – June 4, 1954) was an American politician of the Republican Party who served as the 41st governor of New Jersey from 1935 to 1938. He also served two terms representing New Jersey's 3rd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives, from 1927 to 1931.<PIC> Hoffman was born in South Amboy, New Jersey to Frank Hoffman and Ada Crawford Thom. Ada was the daughter of the painter James Crawford Thom and the granddaughter of Scottish sculptor James Thom. Hoffman also had two ancestors who were soldiers in the American Revolutionary War. His father's side of the family were among some of the early settlers in New Amsterdam, now known as New York City, but originated in Sweden; Hoffman's father's family were the descendants of Dutch nobility.
Hoffman attended public schools and graduated from South Amboy High School in 1913. He worked with a local newspaper until enlisting on July 25, 1917, as a private in the Third Regiment of the New Jersey Infantry. He served overseas in World War I as a captain and advanced to the rank of lieutenant colonel until he was discharged with the rank of colonel in 1946. After World War I, Hoffman returned to South Amboy and became an executive with the South Amboy Trust Company. He later became the bank's president, a position he held until 1942. During his career, Hoffman served in a series of political offices, including city treasurer of South Amboy, New Jersey state assemblyman, mayor of South Amboy, and U.S. Congressman. In 1934, Hoffman was narrowly elected governor of New Jersey.
As governor, Hoffman secretly visited convicted Lindbergh kidnapper Bruno Hauptmann in his death row cell on the evening of October 16, 1935, with Anna Bading, a stenographer and fluent speaker of German. Hoffman urged the other members of the New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals, then the state's highest court, to visit Hauptmann. Despite Governor Hoffman's doubt regarding Hauptmann's guilt, Hoffman was unable to convince the other members of the court to re-examine the case, and Hauptmann was executed on April 3, 1936.
Hoffman was a delegate to the 1936 Republican National Convention.
As governor, Hoffman got into at least two separate fistfights with reporters. Hoffman's advocacy of a state sales tax cost him the support of his own party.
In 1939, Hoffman was named president of the minor league baseball Interstate League.
Due to World War II, Hoffman was granted military leave as director of the Unemployment Compensation Commission on June 15, 1942. He reentered the army as a major in the Transportation Corps and served until June 24, 1946, when he was discharged with the rank of colonel. Upon discharge, Hoffman resumed his position as director of the Unemployment Commission.
In 1948, he appeared on the short-lived ABC network program That Reminds Me.
Hoffman displayed a willingness to appear on humorous panel games. On June 12, 1948, he was a guest panelist on the joke-themed radio program Stop Me If You've Heard This One. On February 2, 1950, Hoffman was one of four panelists on the debut presentation of the game show What's My Line?. On February 16, 1950, he made a return appearance. In 1953, Hoffman appeared as a panelist on the NBC radio joke-telling program Can You Top This?. On March 18, 1954, Governor Robert B. Meyner uncovered a significant embezzlement scheme perpetrated by Hoffman and suspended him from his position of Unemployment Compensation Commission Director. Three months later, in June 1954, Hoffman died in a New York City hotel room of a heart attack.
Just before dying, the former governor wrote a confession and admitted that he had embezzled over $300,000 from the state. Hoffman is buried in Christ Church Cemetery in South Amboy, New Jersey.


Denys Strekalin (born 31 March 1999) is a Ukrainian-born pair skater who competes for France. With his former skating partner, Cléo Hamon, he is a two-time French national champion (2020, 2021), 2018 Volvo Open Cup champion, and has competed in the final segment at three World Junior Championships (2017–2019).  Strekalin began learning to skate in 2006. Competing in men's singles, he placed seventh at the Ukrainian Junior Championships in 2013 and 2015. He also trained in pair skating with Sofiia Nesterova.  In August 2016, Strekhalin teamed up with Cleo Hamon to compete for France in pairs. Coached by Mehdi Bouzzine in Courbevoie, they made their international debut in February 2017, placing seventh in junior pairs at the Bavarian Open. In March, they placed fourteenth at the 2017 World Junior Championships in Taipei, Taiwan.
In September 2017, Hamon/Strekalin debuted on the ISU Junior Grand Prix (JGP) series, placing eighth in Riga, Latvia. In December, appearing on the senior level, they won silver at the French Championships, behind Lola Esbrat / Andrei Novoselov. In March, they finished eleventh at the 2018 World Junior Championships in Sofia, Bulgaria.
Competing in the 2018 JGP series, Hamon/Strekalin placed sixth in Linz, Austria, and fifth in Ostrava, Czech Republic. Making their senior international debut, the pair took gold at the Volvo Open Cup in November 2018. In March 2019, they finished ninth at the 2019 World Junior Championships in Zagreb, Croatia. After placing eighth at the 2019 JGP United States, Hamon/Streklain debuted on the senior Challenger series with a seventh-place finish at the 2019 CS Finlandia Trophy.  They would go on to place tenth at the 2019 CS Warsaw Cup, and ninth at their first European Championships. Hamon/Strekalin also won the French senior national title for the first time, due to the absence of James/Cipres from the competition season.  They finished the season at the 2020 World Junior Championships, where they placed fifth. Hamon/Strekalin were scheduled to participate in the 2020 World Championships in Montreal, which would have been their senior World debut, but these were canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<PIC> With the pandemic ongoing, Hamon/Strekalin began the new season at the 2020 CS Nebelhorn Trophy, where only pairs training in Europe competed. They were fourth after the short program, and after the top-ranked Hase/Seegert withdrew, they placed third in the free and won the bronze medal.
Hamon/Strekalin were scheduled to make their Grand Prix debut at the 2020 Internationaux de France, but the event was cancelled due to the pandemic.
In February, they won their second straight National title. Later that month, they competed at the International Challenge Cup, placing fifth. On March 1, they were named to the team for the 2021 World Championships. They placed twentieth in their World Championship debut. Hamon/Strekalin finished the season at the 2021 World Team Trophy, where they finished fifth in both segments and Team France finished in fifth place overall. Hamon/Strekalin began the season at the 2021 Lombardia Trophy, where they finished in fourth place.
They were originally scheduled to compete at the Nebelhorn Trophy, where the final Olympics spots would be decided, but were later replaced by Coline Keriven / Noël-Antoine Pierre. It was later announced that Hamon would be taking a break from figure skating, due to health issues from a burnout, and that had been the reason for them being replaced at the Nebelhorn Trophy.
On January 31, Strekalin announced his new partnership with Océane Piegad. (with Hamon)


Gustav Adolf Lammers Heiberg (22 April 1875 – 1948) was a Norwegian barrister and politician for the Labour Party.<PIC> He was born in Kristiania as a son of barrister Anton Vilhelm Heiberg (1831–1885) and his wife Antonie Magdalene Fossum. He was a first cousin of Eivind, Jacob, Gunnar and Inge Heiberg and a first cousin once removed of Hans Heiberg. His sister Engel was married to physician Edvard Heiberg Hansteen.
Gustav Heiberg married twice. His first marriage, to Signe Konow, lasted from April 1904 to her death in April 1920. In 1921 he married Etty Roll, from Molde, a daughter of Ferdinand Nicolai Roll and sister of Nini Roll Anker. They settled in Vestre Aker. Heiberg enrolled as a student in 1894 and graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1897. He chaired Norwegian Students' Society from 1901 to 1902. After some years as a junior employee in a lawyer's office, he opened his own lawyer's office in Kristiania in 1902. From 1903 he was entitled to work with Supreme Court cases.
Heiberg was a member of the Labour Party since 1898, and served as a member of the executive committee of Kristiania city council from 1911 to 1919. Here, he was especially preoccupied with improving housing conditions in the city. He stood for parliamentary election in 1912, but was not elected. When the radical wing assumed control of the party at the 1918 national convention, he became tired from the ensuing disagreements in his party, and left politics to pursue his professional career.
In 1921 he was hired as city lawyer. He was involved in several high-profile cases, notably as a defender during the Impeachment trial of Abraham Berge in 1926 and 1927. Berge was a former Prime Minister, and his cabinet members Odd S. Klingenberg, Christian F. Michelet, Cornelius Middelthon, Johan H. Rye Holmboe, Anders Venger and Karl Wilhelm Wefring also stood for trial. They were not convicted. This has been the last impeachment trial in Norway.
During the German occupation of Norway, Heiberg was incarcerated at Grini as a "hostage", from 14 April 1942 to 22 October 1942. In 1945 Heiberg was named as chairman of the commission Undersøkelseskommisjonen av 1945 that scrutinized the actions of the Norwegian government in 1940. The other commission members were Arnold Holmboe, Ole Hallesby, Ernst Fredrik Eckhoff, Nils Nilsen Thune, Arne Bergsgård and Sverre Steen, and the secretary was Helge Sivertsen. The background for the commission was the German invasion of Norway on 9 April 1940, and the question was raised whether Norway could have avoided it through a different foreign and security policy. Second, the actions of Norwegian authorities between 9 April and 25 September 1940 were investigated, both regarding the three branches of government (Parliament, Government, Supreme Court) that eventually laid down their offices, but also the Administrative Council as well as other relevant civil and military bodies.
Heiberg was also a founder of Folketeaterbevegelsen in 1929, together with Sverre Iversen, Fernanda Nissen and Kyrre Grepp, whose goal was to draw "broad masses of laborers and functionaries" into the theatre audience, as well as to establish a people's theatre. Folketeatret was finally established in 1952. Heiberg did not live to see this as he died in 1948.


Ronald Kay Getoor (9 February 1929, Royal Oak, Michigan – 28 October 2017, La Jolla, San Diego, California) was an American mathematician.
Getoor received from the University of Michigan bachelor's degree in 1950, master's degree in 1951, and Ph.D. in 1954 under Arthur Herbert Copeland with thesis Connections between operators in Hilbert space and random functions of second order. As a postdoc he was an instructor at Princeton University. He became in 1956 an assistant professor and then full professor at the University of Washington. During the academic year 1964–1965 he was a visiting professor at Stanford University. From 1966 until his retirement in 2000 he was a professor at the University of California, San Diego.
Getoor's research deals with probability theory, especially the theory of Markov processes and potential theory. In 1970 he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Nice. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and in 2012 a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.<PIC> In the late 1950s, Getoor and  Richard Blumenthal set out to understand the work of Gilbert Hunt on the connection between Markov processes and potential theory, extending the connections between Brownian motion and Newtonian potential theory.
Getoor's book on 'Markov processes and potential theory', co-authored with  Richard Blumenthal, became a reference on the topic.
Together with Blumenthal and Sharpe, Getoor obtained many results on the fine structure of Markov processes and martingales, in particular the theory of local time for Markov processes.
With Michael J. Sharpe, Getoor defined the notion of 'conformal martingale', which proved to be influential in potential theory, investigated the behavior of Bessel processes, last-exit times and excursions. Starting in the early 1980s, Getoor  studied stationary extensions of a given strong Markov process, with time extending to infinity in both directions, formulating a pathwise view of "time reversal" which  became a key tool in his studies of the excessive measures of a Markov process.
The 'Blumenthal-Getoor index', a concept which characterises the nature of discontinuities of Lévy processes and semi-martingales, is named after him. He married in 1959. His wife Ann Getoor worked on the design of commercial aircraft at Boeing, and his daughter Lise Getoor is a professor of computer science at the University of Maryland. Ronald Kay Getoor died peacefully at home on October 28, 2017 in La Jolla at the age of 88. Markov processes: Ray processes and right processes. Lecture Notes in Mathematics 440. Springer Verlag. 1975. Getoor, R. K. (15 November 2006). 2006 reprint. ISBN 9783540374220; pbk, 124 pages
with Robert McCallum Blumenthal: Markov Processes and Potential Theory. Academic Press. 1968.
Excessive Measures. Birkhäuser. 1990. Getoor, R. K. (6 December 2012). 2012 reprint. ISBN 9781461234708; pbk, 190 pages Blumenthal, R. M. (1959). "Some relationships involving subordination". Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 10 (3): 502–510. doi:10.1090/S0002-9939-1959-0105744-3.
with R. K. Getoor: Blumenthal, R. M.; Getoor, R. K. (1960). "Some theorems on stable processes". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 95 (2): 263–273. doi:10.1090/S0002-9947-1960-0119247-6.
Blumenthal, R. M.; Getoor, R. K. (1961). "Sample functions of stochastic processes with stationary independent increments". Journal of Mathematics and Mechanics. 10 (3): 493–516. JSTOR 24900735.
Blumenthal, R. M.; Getoor, R. K.; Ray, D. B. (1961). "On the distribution of first hits for the symmetric stable processes". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 99 (3): 540–554. doi:10.1090/S0002-9947-1961-0126885-4.
Blumenthal, R. M.; Getoor, R. K. (1964). "Additive functionals of Markov processes in duality". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 112: 131–163. doi:10.1090/S0002-9947-1964-0160269-0.
Blumenthal, R. M.; Getoor, R. K. (1964). "Local times for Markov processes". Zeitschrift für Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und Verwandte Gebiete. 3 (1): 50–74. doi:10.1007/BF00531683. S2CID 120071327.
Getoor, R.K.; Sharpe, M.J. (1972). "Conformal martingales". Inventiones Mathematicae. 16 (4): 271–308. doi:10.1007/BF01425714. S2CID 189830360.


The National Library of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu)  is a national public institution in Estonia, which operates pursuant to the National Library of Estonia Act (Estonian: Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu seadus). It was established as the parliamentary library (Estonian: parlamendiraamatukogu) of Estonia on December 21, 1918.
According to the Act, the National Library of Estonia is the custodian of Estonian national memory and heritage, and acts as the repository centre of the Estonian literature and national bibliography, the main information provider for the Estonian parliament and many other constitutional institutions, a national centre of library and information sciences, a site for the continuing education of librarians, and also as a cultural centre.
Since September 16, 2008 the Director General of the National Library is Janne Andresoo.<PIC> The National Library of Estonia is:
a national library, collecting, storing and making publicly accessible the documents published in Estonia or about Estonia, regardless of their place of publication, maintaining national databases of the Estonian national bibliography and statistics on Estonian print output, serving as the Estonian ISSN, ISBN and ISMN agency;
a parliamentary library, providing information services for the Riigikogu, the Government of the Republic, the Office of the President of the Republic, and state authorities;
a research library, providing information for research activities in humanities and social sciences, and various information services;
a library research and development centre, providing library and information science information, coordinating research, and development activities and library standardisation in Estonia, organising user surveys, and training, and further professional training for the staff of Estonian libraries, publishing materials on library and book science and the Estonian library journal, Raamatukogu, organising national surveys of library statistics and actively participating in international library co-operation;
a cultural centre, where various book and art exhibitions are held, along with conferences, concerts, theatre performances, movie evenings and other cultural activities. The National Library of Estonia provides information services in the following fields:
humanities:  history, ethnology, philosophy, folklore, psychology, religion, culture, linguistics and literary science, Estonian and foreign literature, art, music, film, theatre, etc.
social sciences: economics, law, politics, political science, sociology, etc.
international organisations: European Union, World Trade Organization (WTO), World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations (UN), International Monetary Fund (IMF), etc.
international courts: Court of Justice of the European Communities, International Court of Justice (ICJ), etc.
information sciences: information science, library science, librarianship, book history, etc.
cartography and geography.
Rare book collection specialists offer consultations on old books. There are also archival services on the basis of the institution and personal collections located in the Library, conservation services and binding services available. E-library has been developed since the mid-1990s and is available on the homepage of the National Library of Estonia. It enables readers to:
use the e-catalogue ESTER;
request information on licensed databases and e-journals;
submit inquires in the field of humanities and social sciences;
read online publications, visit e-exhibitions and purchase the publications of the Library;
get acquainted with digital collections;
use the information resources of The European Library.
Some services are available only to the registered readers of the National Library. They can:
reserve books, journals, written music and other items;
renew the due date of books;
order copies;
order items via inter-library loan. On January 1, 2007 the collection of the National Library of Estonia included 3,4 million items including:
1,975,981 volumes of books;
302,988 annual sets of periodicals;
20,954 items of cartographic materials;
117,777 items of sheet music;
180,062 items of graphic art;
7,203 items of manuscripts and archive documents;
2,635 items of standards;
481,088 items of booklets;
43,477 items of audio-visual materials;
1,852 items of electronic materials;
27,198 items of microforms;
Since 1919 the National Library is entitled to receive legal deposit copies of all publications printed in Estonia. Publications in the Estonian language printed before 1861 and publications in foreign languages printed before 1831, including eight incunabula and 1,500 publications from the 16th and 17th centuries, are stored in the Rare Book Collection. Later publications include a selection of copies with autographs, manuscript amendments and ownership marks, censor's copies, artistic bindings, bibliophile and luxury publications. In addition to 28,000 rare publications, the collection includes 150 manuscripts. Research on old books has been conducted in the library for over 50 years.
The oldest book in the rare book collection is a work of Lambertus de Monte, a theologian from Cologne, - Copulatasuper tres libros Aristotelis De Anima... (Cologne, 1486). The oldest Estonian publication is Heinrich Stahl's book of sermons Leyen Spiegel (Reval, 1641–1649) with parallel texts in Estonian and in German. On December 21, 1918, the Provisional Government of the Estonian Republic took the decision to establish the State Library. The primary collection of the Library was about 2,000 titles necessary for lawmaking and government, and the first users were the members of Parliament (Riigikogu). The Library was situated in two small rooms of the Parliament building in the Toompea Castle.
During the time of the independent Republic of Estonia from 1918–1940, the Library developed and grew fast. In 1919, the Library began to receive a legal deposit copy of all printed matter published in Estonia. In 1921, the first international exchange agreements were concluded. In 1935 the State Library established an Archival Collection of all publications in the Estonian language and about Estonia. This was the beginning of a systematic acquisition of printed matter on Estonia and the Baltic countries. In the 1930s, the State Library started to perform more functions than those of a parliamentary library – the collections comprised about 50,000 items and the readership included outstanding intellectuals, cultural and public figures.
With the Soviet occupation, the Library became a regular public library, known under the name of the State Library of the Estonian SSR. The role of the Library changed considerably: all links with foreign countries and their libraries were severed, and Russian publications predominated, mostly consisting of all-Union deposit copies. The bulk of Estonian and foreign publications was placed in restricted access collections. Between 1948 and 1992 the Library was housed in the former Estonian Knighthood House in Tallinn's historic centre.
1953, the Library was named after Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald, a leading man of letters of the Estonian National Awakening and the author of the Estonian national epic, Kalevipoeg. The collections then amounted to one million items already.
The liberation movement that began in the Baltic countries in the 1980s and the restoration of the independent Republic of Estonia on August 20, 1991 considerably changed the role of the Library.
In 1988, the Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald State Library was renamed the National Library of Estonia with a mission to collect, preserve and provide access to all documents published in the Estonian language and in Estonia, and also about or including information on Estonia.
In 1989, the Library's legal status as a parliamentary library was restored with an obligation to provide information services for the Riigikogu and the Government. The present National Library of Estonia is a legal entity in public law, which operates pursuant to the National Library of Estonia Act, adopted in 1998, and amended in 2002 and 2006, and its Statutes. Its collegial decision-making body is the National Library Board with members appointed by the Riigikogu. The National Library building at Tõnismägi in Tallinn, specially designed for the library, was constructed between 1985 and 1993. The architect of the building is Raine Karp and its interior designer is Sulev Vahtra. The eight-storey building with two floors below ground level is until now the largest library in the Baltic countries. It houses 20 reading rooms with 600 reader's seats, a large conference hall, a theatre hall and numerous exhibition areas. The Library's stacks are designed to hold five million volumes. All stacks are equipped with shelves and air-conditioning, appropriate for preserving the documents.


Jock Cameron (born Horace Brakenridge Cameron and often known as "Herbie" Cameron; 5 July 1905 – 2 November 1935) was a South African cricketer of the 1920s and 1930s. A tragic figure owing to his premature death when probably the best wicket-keeper in the world, Cameron is often forgotten today but regarded by those who know about him as one of the best wicket-keepers in the history of cricket. Cameron was also a brilliant, hard-hitting middle-order batsman who once hit Hedley Verity for thirty runs off one over.<PIC> Cameron took a keen interest in playing cricket from the time of his tenth birthday and received plenty of encouragement in developing his skill as a wicket-keeper and batsman. He later moved on to Hilton College where he played for the 1st XI. After a slow start in the Transvaal team Cameron, from 1925/1926 onwards, consistently showed his superb efficiency as a wicket-keeper and his powerful hitting with the bat. As a result, he took part during 1927/1928 in all five Tests against England on the first overseas tour of South Africa after he began playing. His form in the Tests was sufficiently good that Cameron became a certainty for the England tour of 1929, where he kept wicket in superb form and would certainly have totalled much more than 951 runs and 57 dismissals but for an injury in the Second Test at Lord's when a ball from Harold Larwood rose sharply and hit him on the ribs. A highlight of his tour was the game against Somerset where he made seven dismissals.
Firmly established as a Test regular, Cameron moved owing to his business from Transvaal to Eastern Province the following season, and in 1930/1931 was appointed captain of South Africa for the Fourth Test of 1930/1931 after playing one game for Western Province. He celebrated this appointment with a fighting innings of 69 that saved South Africa and showcased the growing adaptability of his batting and the ability to produce a fighting defence in addition to the hitting power he always possessed. Cameron captained South Africa during the 1931/1932 tour of Australia and New Zealand, but the burden undoubtedly affected his batting in the Tests – he averaged only 15.50 against Australia and South Africa lost all five Tests against Bradman's batting and Grimmett's wonderful bowling.
Returning to Transvaal for the 1932/1933 season, Cameron could only play once in the following two seasons, but was back at his very best in 1934/1935, hitting up a career-best 182 against Griqualand West and keeping wicket as well as ever. As vice-captain in 1935, Cameron was the focal point of a South African side whose batting strength was sufficient to give it victory over England by one Test to nil (though England had the better of all four draws). In the only decisive result on a spinners' wicket at Lord's (due to leatherjackets having infested the wicket during England's mildest winter on record), Cameron hit his highest Test score of 90 in the first innings. At one stage he hit 58 out of his team's 60 runs in half an hour. The Cricketer wrote: "We have seldom, if ever, seen a batsman who hits a ball so hard and so far with so little apparent effort."
In his famous innings against Yorkshire it was said that "Verity had Cameron in two minds: whether to hit him for four or six". He also hit 132 against second-placed Derbyshire and 160 against an eleven raised by Shrimp Leveson Gower. Louis Duffus wrote: "He began his 1935 tour in England by driving a ball out of the Worcester ground, and from that first day in May onwards he hit sixes all over English fields." However, when Cameron returned to South Africa he was, to the regret of the cricket world, immediately afflicted with typhoid fever. Treatment proved so ineffective that Cameron died less than two months after he had played his last game of cricket. His loss was a crushing blow to South Africa: in 1935-36 they lost four of their five Tests against Australia due to Grimmett's and O'Reilly's formidable spin bowling (which Cameron's hitting might well have made less dangerous) and it took them until the 1950s to produce teams of comparable strength to that of the 1935 side.
In its obituary notice The Times wrote: "He combined all those qualities of courage, modesty, generosity and cheerfulness which instinctively made themselves felt on the field of cricket, and also off it, to all those who were privileged to know him and who immediately recognised the influence of the man."
During their tour of South Africa in 1935-36, to raise money for Cameron's family the Australians played a baseball match against the Transvaal Baseball Club at the Wanderers ground in Johannesburg. The match raised about 400 pounds.


Holy Jesus Church at Lydbrook is a Church of England parish church in the English county of Gloucestershire.<PIC> The greater part of the church was built in 1850 and 1851. It is in the style of the 14th century Decorated Period. The architect was Henry Woodyer, a flamboyant character. While the church was being built, an article in Ecclesiologist (new series XLV December 1850) heavily criticised Woodyer's design. The twenty-foot length of the original pews in each aisle of the nave, with access to the secondary portion via a passage near the side walls was particularly criticised. A passage up the middle of each aisles preferred instead. The article concludes that the most objectionable feature was the two floating buttresses to the rear of the tower, "which seem to penetrate the lofty roof of the nave and lead one to expect a most substantial substructure within. But alas ! internally they are found to be corbelled off above the westernmost clerestory windows."
The interior and ornamental parts are built of Bath Stone, the exterior being of the Grit Stone of the neighbourhood. The clerestorial nave of five bays is approximately 50 feet in height, 56 feet long and 50 feet wide. The arcades are of cylindrical columns rising to pointed arches. The windows are in the Geometrical Decorated style. The roof is a unique forest of wind bracing wooden trusses. The chancel roof consists of scissors-beam trusses. The tower of the church is 80 feet in height, the saddle back roof being an unusual feature for the forest, but quite common elsewhere in Gloucestershire, such as St Margaret's, Bagendon. The east window commemorates the Thomas family famous for its national industrial achievements in the founding of the South Wales Steel Industry, and having begun in a modest way at the Lydbrook Tin Works.  The window depicts the four evangelists - Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, with Christ the King at the centre. Below each of the Evangelists is an angel holding a shield portraying the Evangelist's symbol. Below Christ are two angels holding a shield bearing his name (IHS = JES). Above the risen Christ is the Holy Spirit in the form of a dove radiating down. To each side of the dove is an angel, respectively holding shields bearing the initials alpha and omega. Originally the window was provided by Richard and Ann Thomas in memory of their children. The original inscription on the brass plaque ran "To the Glory of God, and in memory of the following members of the Thomas Family - William George, Sydney Lovelock and Ann Lillian, who rest in this Churchyard, Samuel Treherne and Alfred Ivor, interred at Lantwit, Neath, and Stanley Rendell, interred at the English Cemetery, Rome". The window was dedicated 20 October 1908 by the Bishop of Gloucester. Sometime after 1917, with the deaths of Richard (1916) and Ann Thomas (1914), and Richard Beaumont and Elizabeth Mabel their children, a new plaque replaced the original with the additional names.
The stained glass window at the east end of the south aisle is in memory of the Reverend Henry Hoitt and was given by his wife in 1911. Hoitt had served as vicar for forty-two years. To complement this window an altar (The Lady Altar) was placed underneath, with plans to screen it off, in effect to form a Lady Chapel. However the screen was never put in place. The eagle lectern also in memory of Henry Hoitt was added in 1909 replacing an earlier, simpler lectern.
The sedilia in the south wall of the sanctuary are worth noticing for the delicate stone traceried rere-arch above them. Behind the altar lies some attractive stone carving. Only three stone memorials adorn the walls of the Church.  First is the war memorial by the Lady Chapel Altar.  Second is a memorial to Caroline Hodges (d. 1920) who was for thirty-six years a nurse in Lydbrook. The memorial is placed by the font, where many of the babies she delivered were baptised. The third memorial is to Jack Priest (d. 1983) who was a member of the choir and a churchwarden.
The war memorial was erected in two stages. The right and left tablets stood together to commemorate those who gave their lives in the Great War. The larger middle tablet was added after the Second World War.
A brass plate mounted on the wall below the Lady Altar window (itself dedicated to the Reverend H. T. Hoitt) commemorates Annie Mabel Hoitt his daughter and benefactress of the church (d. 1967). A record of various gifts is recorded in a frame mounted in the Sanctuary. The churchyard contains war graves of four soldiers of World War I. The church's silver consists of a chalice, paten and flagon, made by silversmith John Keith in 1850 to Butterfield's design, and the presently used chalice and paten given in memory of Dorothy Joan Harris by her family. On permanent display in the church is a Book of Remembrance. Details of entry of names can be gained from the churchwardens. The display cabinet was made by a local craftsman, Laddy Broadman. The church was restored in 1904 under the architect M. H. Medland.
The east window was added in 1908.
The eagle lectern was introduced in 1909.
The south aisle east stained glass window and Lady Altar added 1911.
The organ once stood where the war memorial stands today, but was moved in 1912 when further extensions to the church were added by the architect A. H. Pearson; an organ chamber continuing the south aisle eastwards and a choir vestry on the north side complementing the south porch.
The font originally stood on the left hand side of the south porch entrance but in 1911 it was moved to the present position on the right hand side at the back of the south aisle.
Further activity took place in the 1960s and 1970s
The original wooden choir screen stood between the chancel and the nave, it had to be removed in 1966 because of woodworm. The overall effect was to open up the church, bringing together the priest, choir and congregation.
In 1964 the first four pews in the north aisle (half pews) were removed to allow room for children's work, as by that time the church schoolrooms were dilapidated and unable to be used.
The Lady Altar was refurbished by the Reverend David Lovell and Mrs. Lovell in 1971.
Under the guidance of the vicar, the Reverend Michael Foster, from 1991 until 1993 major restoration and alterations made the building serviceable for community activities under the direction of the Architect, John Sparrow;
Lead valleys on the roof were repaired, and the string course on the tower was replaced, in addition to weathered stone on the tower.
In January 1991 a water supply was brought into church, a milestone followed by the installation of toilets in March 1992 and a kitchen unit using the choir vestry.
In March 1992 the four back rows of pews were removed and replaced by wooden chairs with cushioned seats and backs. This allowed space for community activities to begin to develop.
In 1993, the hot water heating system was upgraded with the addition of convector fan radiators, and an upgraded boiler greatly increasing the wattage output.
The removal of the remaining nine rows of pews followed in July 1993. 250 comfortable chairs now grace the Church. The visual effect has been to make the church look brighter and larger.
Since the building of the church in 1851, the south porch had been an external entrance and represented a covered approach to the church. In June 1992 external doors were fitted to the Porch creating a further small meeting room. The tiled floor to the Porch had been pitted by the weather, and this was restored. 1851 - William Deering
1852 - Temple H. Chase
1866 - Henry T. Hoitt
1908 - Fredereck W. Bidwell
1912 - Geoffrey A. Hopkins
1926 - Henry Thompson
1933 - Reginald W. E. Robinson
1942 - Bert Prime
1951 - Reginald F. Hibbs
1961 - (Priest-in-Charge) Eric J. Hoskin
1963 - Ernest Rutter
1964 - John C. Wilson
1967 - David J. Lovell
1973 - Wilfred D. Varney
1977 - Dennis Bowler
1982 - W. A. Stuart Parker
1989 - Michael J. Foster
The Reverend Michael Foster (Fr Michael) was the last Vicar of Lydbrook, which was served by Priests in Charge to 2006, when the parish was merged with Ruardean and Drybrook under the new incumbency of Nicholas Robert Bromfield.


Gary Lynn Nolan (born May 27, 1948) is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a right-handed pitcher from 1967 through 1977, most notably as a member of the Cincinnati Reds dynasty that won four National League pennants and two World Series championships between 1970 and 1976. He played his final season with the California Angels. In 1983, Nolan was inducted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame.<PIC> Nolan was born in Herlong, California, and his family then moved to Oroville, California, when he was young. In February 1965 at age 17 he married high school sweetheart Carole Widener. He graduated from Oroville High School in 1966. Nolan was drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in the first round (13th pick overall) of the 1966 Major League Baseball Draft. Nolan's first Major League game was at the young age of 18. A hard thrower, Nolan had a promising debut on April 15, 1967, when he struck out the side in the first inning en route to a 7–3 victory over the Houston Astros. On June 7, he struck out Baseball Hall of Famer Willie Mays four times in one game. He had fifteen strikeouts in the game but was pulled in the eighth after giving up a three-run home run that tied it to Willie McCovey; the Giants won 4-3. "The kid was good," Mays said. He finished with a 14–8 record in that rookie season, was fourth in the National League in ERA (2.58) and in strikeouts (206), and was third in the Rookie of the Year voting behind Tom Seaver of the Mets, and Dick Hughes of the Cardinals.
In 1970 Nolan went 18–7 with 181 strikeouts and a 3.26 ERA, helping the Reds to win the NL pennant and establishing himself as one of the league's great young starting pitchers. Nolan pitched a remarkable nine innings of shutout ball to earn a victory in the 10-inning Game One of that year's National League Championship Series against Pittsburgh. But he took the loss in Game One of the World Series against the eventual champion Baltimore Orioles.
After a disappointing 12–15 record in 1971, he posted 13 victories before the 1972 All-Star Game. Selected for the NL team, Nolan was suffering from neck and shoulder pains, and he was forced to withdraw from the game. After rehabbing his injuries on the disabled list, he returned to the lineup and finished the season with a 15–5 record and 1.99 ERA, leading the league in winning percentage (.750) and was second to Steve Carlton in ERA. In the World Series against Oakland that year, he lost Game One (six innings, three runs) and was pulled from the game early in Game Six (41⁄3 innings, one earned run).
Arm problems forced Nolan to miss most of 1973, and he missed the entire 1974 season. He returned in 1975 in good form, going 15–9 with a 3.16 ERA. In the World Series against Boston, he pitched just six innings in two starts. In 1976, he duplicated his 15–9 record and finally got his first World Series victory against the Yankees in the last game of a four-game sweep. New arm and shoulder problems bothered him in 1977, and he opted to retire.
In 1975, he earned the Hutch Award, given annually to an active Major League player who "best exemplifies the fighting spirit and competitive desire of Fred Hutchinson by persevering through adversity." It is presented by the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.
In his 10-season career, Nolan compiled a 110–70 record with 1,039 strikeouts, a 3.08 ERA, 45 complete games, 14 shutouts, and 1,674.2 innings pitched in 250 games (247 starts). In eleven post season games he was 2–2 with a 3.34 ERA covering 59.1 innings.
Nolan was an excellent fielding pitcher, committing only 3 errors in 287 total chances for a .990 fielding percentage, among the best in history for pitchers whose careers spanned 10 seasons (1,500 innings) or more. After retiring from baseball, he worked for 25 years in Las Vegas, first as a blackjack dealer at the Golden Nugget and then as an executive host for guests of hotels/casinos including the Mirage Casino and the Gold Country Casino. In 1999, a baseball park in Oroville was renamed the Gary Nolan Sports Complex. He was elected to the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame in 1983.
He moved back to Oroville in 2003, where he is involved with several charitable and civic organizations and works with high school pitchers. In 2011, he was inducted into the Oroville Union High School District Hall of Fame.


Rafael Augusto Sóbis do Nascimento (born 17 June 1985) is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a forward.
Before joining Ceará, Sóbis played for Internacional, Real Betis, Al-Jazira, Fluminense and Tigres UANL. He won the Copa Libertadores with Internacional, and was a runner-up with Tigres in 2015.
Sóbis also represented the Brazil national team, winning a bronze medal at the 2008 Olympics.  Born in Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, he started in the youth categories of Internacional, known only as Rafael. Inter's president at the time, Fernando Carvalho, suggested the change to only Sobis,  his maternal surname of Ukrainian origins, because it could be more attractive for the European leagues, where the boy could get dual citizenship.
He went to the main team in 2004 and quickly won a place in it, being known by his name along the surname (with acute accent), Rafael Sóbis. Sóbis scored 19 goals in 35 matches in the 2005 season at the age of 19. In the following year, he was one of the main players in the Internacional squad that finished the Brazilian League in second place, and was selected by the CBF to play in the all star team at the end of the season. The 2006 season started slowly for him, as he fought against a series of injuries. He eventually recovered his place in the first team and helped Internacional secure the Copa Libertadores title; scoring twice in the first-leg of the final match against São Paulo. Sóbis signed for Real Betis in August 2006 for €9 million, (R$21.8 million) putting pen to paper on an 8-year contract, a length reminiscent to that of fellow Brazilian international Denílson. Internacional only received 25% of the fee and the rest belong to other parties. Among 25% of Inter, R$272,500 was further deducted as agent fee. He was officially unveiled to the press on 8 September and made his Real Betis and La Liga debut against Athletic Bilbao two days later at the Manuel Ruiz de Lopera stadium, a game his team won 3–0.
Sóbis scored his first goals against city rivals Sevilla on 17 September, a match that Betis eventually lost 3–2. He also managed to score important goals against Celta de Vigo, a debut game for then newly appointed coach Luis Fernández. Ligament damage sustained in a game against RCD Mallorca meant that he missed a month of action. Sóbis' major contribution to the 2006–07 season was his late equaliser against Barcelona at the Camp Nou, assisted by fellow Brazilian Marcos Assunção.
He began his second season with Betis strongly, scoring three goals in his first six games, against Valencia CF, RCD Mallorca and 2007 UEFA Cup finalists RCD Espanyol but once again the Brazilian's form dipped. Betis received an offer of €10 million from English Premier League club Newcastle United for Sóbis in July 2008. On 2 September 2008, Sóbis joined UAE side Al-Jazira for €10 million. In July 2010, Sóbis returned to Internacional on loan for one year to play the Copa Libertadores. On 18 August, they defeated Chivas Guadalajara in the 2010 Copa Libertadores final with Sóbis scoring their first goal in their 3–2 win. He hurt his arm while scoring the goal by falling over it, and had to be replaced later on by Leandro Damião, who also ended up scoring a goal during the match. After the loan ended, Internacional did not use the buy option, due to his injuries and high price, and he returned to the Middle East. On 21 July 2011, Fluminense announced three signings at the club's 109th birthday: Sóbis and Argentinian midfielders Alejandro Martinuccio and Manuel Lanzini. He reunited with manager Abel Braga at the carioca club, having been his player at Inter and Al-Jazira. Despite scepticism from fans and press because of his injury history, Sóbis went on to play an important role at the team's title run and ultimate 3rd-place finish in 2011 Série A, scoring 10 goals in 26 games.
After one year playing on loan from Al-Jazira, Fluminense bought Sóbis' economic rights for R$8.75 million in July 2012, with him signing a three-year contract. The Tricolor ended that season winning the national championship.
On 24 December 2014, he left Fluminense by mutual consent. Four days after leaving Fluminense, Sóbis joined Mexican side Tigres UANL for the Clausura 2015 season. He became champion of the Apertura 2015 season of Liga MX and runner-up of the 2015 Copa Libertadores. On 23 June 2016, Sóbis signed for Cruzeiro  until 2019, joining a day after Argentine striker Ramón Ábila. Sóbis went on to become an important part of the team's 11, playing as a winger and as a central striker. Cruzeiro's supporters embraced the player's grit and determination, specially during important matches and derbies, during which Rafael Sóbis shown to rise to the occasion. The player's samurai haircut or Viking style was also referenced and copied by supporters during the first half of 2017. On 5 January 2019, Sóbis joined Internacional for the third time, on a one-year contract. In January 2020, Sóbis joined Ceará on a one-year contract, being their sixth signing for the season. He went on to play well at that year State League and Copa do Nordeste, but his performances declined when playing in Série A. In November 2020, Sóbis rejoined Cruzeiro until the end of the 2021 season. He reportedly returned to help the Minas Gerais team to overcome their financial difficulties and relegation to Série B.
Sobis then retired at the end of his contract, being a fan favourite throughout his two spells at the club. Sóbis made his debut for Brazil on 3 September 2006 against Argentina at the Emirates Stadium in London; Brazil won the match 3–0 with Sóbis making his appearance as last-minute substitute for Robinho. He scored his first Brazil's goal in an unofficial friendly match against Kuwaiti club Al Kuwait on 7 October 2006.
He won a bronze medal with the Brazil U-23 team at the 2008 Summer Olympics in China. As a substitute in the group stage against New Zealand, he concluded a 5–0 win from Lucas Leiva's pass.<PIC> A dynamic forward, Sóbis often plays a creative role due his intelligence on the pitch, mobility, vision and passing, features that make him effective at creating chances to provide assists for teammates. Although his favored position is that of a supporting striker, he is capable to play as a winger and lone striker. Under coach Ricardo Ferretti, Sóbis played a versatile role as he was deployed as a striker in the Tigres' 4–4–2 formation, second striker in 4–4–1–1 and as a central attacking midfielder in 4–2–3–1. A right-footed accurate set-piece taker, he is also capable to pass, cross and finish with the left.   Internacional
Campeonato Gaúcho: 2011
Copa Libertadores: 2006, 2010
Fluminense
Campeonato Carioca: 2012
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2012
Cruzeiro
Campeonato Mineiro: 2018
Copa do Brasil: 2017, 2018
UANL
Liga MX: Apertura 2015
Copa Libertadores: Runner up 2015
Concacaf Champions League: Runner up 2015–16 Brazil
Olympic Games Bronze medal: 2008 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year: 2005
Top Scorer Copa do Brasil 2017


Edmund March Wheelwright (September 14, 1854 – August 15, 1912) was one of New England's most important architects in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and served as city architect for Boston, Massachusetts from 1891–1895.<PIC> Wheelwright was born in Roxbury, Massachusetts, educated at Roxbury Latin School and graduated from Harvard University in 1876. He studied architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and later in Europe, after which he worked in the offices of Peabody and Stearns and of firms in New York and Albany.
In 1883 he started a business of his own and afterwards became a member of the firm of Wheelwright & Haven, more recently Wheelwright, Haven & Hoyt.
In June 1887, Wheelwright married Elizabeth Boott Brooks. His son was the poet John Brooks Wheelwright.
In 1893 Wheelwright and R. Clipston Sturgis were chosen by the trustees of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston to spend a year studying art museums throughout Europe; they later contributed to the ongoing design of the museum's building on Huntington Avenue.
Wheelwright, who designed the Harvard Lampoon Building, also oversaw the construction. It was first opened on February 19, 1909. Wheelwright while attending Harvard University was one of the founders of the Harvard Lampoon.  Wheelwright's design was inspired in part by an old church in Jamestown, Virginia, and by the Flemish Renaissance details of Auburn Street buildings in its vicinity.
He was a fellow of the American Institute of Architects, serving on its board of directors from 1892-1894 and 1898-1900, as well as a fellow of the Boston Society of Architects. He published two books on school architecture: "The American Schoolhouse" and "School Architecture."
Charles Donagh Maginnis had been his apprentice.
After suffering a nervous breakdown from overwork, he lived at a Thompsonville, Connecticut sanitarium for two years before dying on August 14, 1912, at age 57. In 1892 Wheelwright designed and built a 156 foot tall tower in the South End of Boston, Massachusetts, which was originally designed as part of the central fire station and used as a fire lookout. Since Wheelwright wanted the building to stand out, it was modeled after the 14th century Torre del Mangia in Siena, Italy, and made of brick like the Italian original. It is the city's only Florentine-inspired building. Wheelwright designed the following:
Boston Opera House (1909)
Harvard Lampoon Building
Horticultural Hall
Larz Anderson Auto Museum
Longfellow Bridge
Massachusetts Historical Society building
New England Conservatory's Jordan Hall
Anderson Memorial Bridge
Oak Square School
Margaret Fuller School, Jamaica Plain, Boston (1891–1892)
Forest Hills station
In addition, he was a consulting architect for:
Boston Museum of Fine Arts
Bulkeley Bridge in Hartford, Connecticut
Cleveland Museum of Art Mid-career, Wheelwright worked as an architect for the firm of McKim, Mead, and White. By 1897 he had formed a partnership and created the firm of "Wheelwright & Haven." This later became "Wheelwright, Haven and Hoyt," and (after Wheelwright's death) "Haven and Hoyt." The firm operated until c. 1930. The Haven and Hoyt Collection at the Boston Public Library holds a variety of materials related to Wheelwright, including renderings and photographs. Wheelwright, Edmund March, School architecture; a general treatise for the use of architects and others, Boston : Rogers & Manson, 1901.
Wheelwright, Edmund March, Lampy's early days, The Harvard Lampoon Society, 1909


Sub Marine Explorer is a submersible built between 1863 and 1866 by Julius H. Kroehl and Ariel Patterson in Brooklyn, New York for the Pacific Pearl Company. It was hand powered and had an interconnected system of a high-pressure air chamber or compartment, a pressurized working chamber for the crew, and water ballast tanks. Problems with decompression sickness and overfishing of the pearl beds led to the abandonment of Sub Marine Explorer in Panama in 1869 despite publicized plans to shift the craft to the pearl beds of Baja California. Sub Marine Explorer had an external high air pressure chamber which was filled with compressed air at a pressure of up to 200 pounds per square inch (1,400 kPa) by a steam pump mounted on an external support vessel. Water ballast tanks were flooded to make the vessel submerge. Pressurized air was then released into the vessel to build up enough pressure so it would be possible to open two hatches on the underside, while keeping water out. This meant that air pressure inside the submarine had to equal water pressure at diving depth, exposing the crew to high pressure, making them susceptible to decompression sickness, which was unknown at the time. To surface, more of the pressurized air was used to empty the ballast tanks of water. A contemporary (August 1869) newspaper account of dives in Sub Marine Explorer off Panama documents 11 days of diving to 103 feet (31 m), spending four hours per dive, and ascending with a quick release of the pressure to ambient (sea level) pressure. Modern reconstruction of Explorer's systems suggests an ascension rate of 1 foot per second (0.30 m/s), or a rise to the surface in just under two minutes. The problems of decompression do not appear to have been clearly understood; the contemporary reference notes that at the conclusion of the dives, "all the men were again down with fever; and, it being impossible to continue working with the same men for some time, it was decided, the experiment having proved a complete success, to lay the machine up in an adjacent cove...."(The New York Times, August 29, 1869).
The basic premise of Sub Marine Explorer was based on an earlier 1858 patent by Van Buren Ryerson of New York for a diving bell also named "Sub Marine Explorer." Ryerson and Kroehl had worked together, Kroehl using Ryerson's bell to blast and partially clear Diamond Reef in New York harbor. Kroehl, working with Brooklyn shipbuilder Ariel Patterson, extensively modified Ryerson's design, extending the hull form to a 12 m-long (39 ft), 3.3 m-diameter (11 ft) craft of intricate design.  While some have termed Kroehl's Sub Marine Explorer a "glorified diving bell," its sophisticated systems of ballast, pressurization and propulsion make it a nineteenth-century antecedent to more modern "lock out" dive systems and subs. After construction, the Sub Marine Explorer was partially disassembled and transported to Panama in December 1866, where she was reassembled to harvest oysters and pearls in the Pearl Islands. Experimental dives with the Sub Marine Explorer in the Bay of Panama ended in September 1867 when Kroehl died of "fever". The craft languished on the beach until 1869, when a new engineer and crew took it to the Pearl Islands to harvest oyster shells and pearls. The 1869 dives, with known depths and dive profiles that would have inevitably led to decompression sickness, resulted in the entire crew succumbing to what was described as "fever". Because of this, the craft was laid up in a cove on the shores of the island of San Telmo in the Pearl Islands.
The submarine's rusting hull was well-known to locals, but they had presumed it to be a remnant of World War II. In 2001, after many years of misidentification, the remains of the Sub Marine Explorer piqued the interest of archaeologist James P. Delgado of the Institute of Nautical Archaeology. Identification of the craft, with the assistance of submarine historians Richard Wills and Eugene Canfield, led to four archaeological expeditions to the Explorer in 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008. Documentation of the Sub Marine Explorer has resulted in detailed plans, including interpretive reconstructions of the craft, scientific study of its environment and interaction with the surrounding water, bathymetric assessment, scientific analysis of rates of corrosion, and considerable historical research. Work in 2006 was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through the Office of Ocean Exploration. The 2008 expedition was funded by the Waitt Institute for Discovery of La Jolla. The vessel is now included in the Historic American Engineering Record of the U.S. National Park Service. A report from 2007 summarizes preservation options for the submarine for the Panamanian government and recommends the recovery, preservation and public display of the craft in Panama. Metal analysis confirms that the craft is in a critical stage and faces irreversible deterioration and loss.
The Sub Marine Explorer is the subject of two documentary films; the first was an episode of the "Sea Hunters" that aired on National Geographic International Television in 2004, and the second, by Der Spiegel, which aired in Europe and in the US on the Smithsonian channel in 2010.<PIC>


Explorer 23 (also called S-55C) was the last of three S-55 NASA micrometeoroid satellites launched as part of the Explorer program. Its purpose was to obtain data on the near-earth meteoroid environment, thus providing an accurate estimate of the probability of penetration in spacecraft structures by meteoroids and allowing a more confident definition of the penetration flux-material thickness relation to be derived.<PIC> The cylindrically shaped spacecraft, about 61 cm × 234 cm (24 in × 92 in), was built around the burned-out fourth stage of the Scout launch vehicle, which remained as part of the orbiting satellite. Explorer 23 carried stainless steel pressurized-cell penetration detectors, impact detectors, and cadmium sulfide cell detectors to obtain data on the size, number, distribution, and momentum of dust particles in the near-earth environment. In addition, the spacecraft was designed to provide data on the effects of the space environment on the operation of capacitor penetration detectors and solar cell power supplies. The spacecraft mass, neglecting the fourth stage vehicle hardware and motor, was 133.8 kg (295 lb).  The objective of this experiment was to determine the size of penetrating meteoroids by measuring the size of holes produced by the impacts in two thicknesses of a plastic film using two light-sensitive Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) cells. The cells were both mounted on the forward face of the spacecraft, one beneath a sheet of 6.35-micron-thick PET film and the other beneath a sheet of 3.18-micron-thick PET film. Each detector provided 24-cm² of surface area exposed to meteoroids. Each sheet of PET film had a thin coating of aluminum deposited on both sides. Penetration of the aluminized PET sheets would allow sunlight (direct or reflected) to illuminate the cell and reduce its resistance, the cell being calibrated to relate the resistance change to accumulative hole sizes in the PET film. Prior to liftoff, all detectors were functioning properly; however, on the first interrogation made shortly after fourth stage burnout, it was found that the CdS cells were saturated with light. Apparently the aluminized PET film covers were damaged during launch, preventing data acquisition. The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether the space radiation environment had any adverse effects on the operation of the capacitor as a meteoroid-penetration detector. Observations in the laboratory indicated that energetic electrons in space might collect in the dielectric and produce false penetration counts. The instrumentation consisted essentially of two capacitors made up of a thin film polymer dielectric (bilaminate 3.8-micron thick, half-hard, type 302), which served as one electrode. A copper layer, about 0.65-micron thick, was vacuum-deposited on the outer surface of the dielectric, thus permitting it to serve as the second electrode. The capacitors were each mounted on a 0.63-cm-thick layer of polyurethane foam support by means of a 2.5-micron adhesive. The foam support, in turn, was seated in a laminated fiberglass tray that served as the mounting fixture. A penetration into the charged capacitor by a projectile caused the capacitor to be momentarily shorted and discharged. This discharge was detected and stored in a counter for later transmission. The conduction path dissipated in less than 1 microsecond and allowed the capacitor to recharge and detect any additional penetrations. Two discharges were recorded for one of the detectors during the 365-day lifetime of the experiment (6 November 1964 to 5 November 1965). No discharges were recorded for the second capacitor. More refined laboratory tests, however, revealed that the number of radiation-induced pulses would be about the same as or less than the number resulting from actual punctures, thus making it difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish between the two. Hence, the origin of the two counts (electron or meteoroid) could not be determined. It was determined from the data, however, that any radiation-induced pulses greater than 2 volts were at a minimum and would not likely affect the meteoroid flux data to any great extent, particularly when the penetration rates were relatively high. The mass distribution of meteoroids in space was determined by an impact-detection system consisting of 24 triangular 0.13-cm-thick 6061 aluminium alloy sounding boards. Each one had a piezoelectric transducer mounted on the center of the sounding board underside. The detectors provided 144-cm² of area exposed to meteoroids. Four groups of six electrically parallel sounding boards were mounted around the periphery of the spacecraft. When a meteoroid impacted on a sounding board, an electrical signal was produced from the transducer. It was then amplified, threshold-detected, counted, and stored until readout. The amplifier for each group had three stages of amplification, which corresponded to three levels of momentum—low, medium, and high. By assigning a velocity to the particles impacting on the sounding boards in space, the system output was directly related to the threshold levels of particle mass. The system sensitivity was adjusted during final calibrations so that all 24 sounding boards acted as a single detector for all three sensitivity levels. The momentum thresholds obtained by calibration for the low, medium, and high ranges were 1.2E-4, 8.E-6, and 3.E-7 newton-seconds, respectively. The data obtained showed 14,169 counts, 218 counts, and 2 counts for the high-, medium-, and low-sensitivity systems, respectively, over a 1-year period (6 November 1964 to 5 November 1965). The frequency at which two different thicknesses of stainless steel were punctured in space was obtained by use of 216 stainless steel cells with a thickness of 9.87E-3 cm. The cells were pressurized with helium (absolute pressure of 1300 mm mercury (Hg)) and mounted in seven rows around the periphery of the spacecraft. The test material was half-hard type 302 stainless steel coated with a 1.4-micron-thick thermal balance cover consisting of successive layers of chromium, silicon monoxide, aluminum, and silicon monoxide. Of the 210 active cells (six cells were inactive because of telemetry limitations), 70 had 2.54 ± 2.5-micron-thick test material, and 40 had 50.8 ± 2.5-micron-thick test material. The total exposed area of each class of detector was 0.69 cm² and 1.38 cm², respectively. When a cell was punctured the gas leaked out, and the drop in pressure caused a switch to open indicating that a puncture had occurred. The frequency at which cells lost pressure was a direct measure of the frequency at which the test material was being punctured by meteoroids. Although the cells could not detect any additional punctures, they did provide a permanent record of the initial puncture. The experiment operated satisfactorily during its 365-day life, recording 50 punctures of the 25-micron cells and 74 punctures of the 50-micron cells. The data obtained were in good agreement with puncture rates obtained in previous satellite experiments. The spacecraft operated satisfactorily during its 1-year life (6 November 1964 to 7 November 1965), and all mission objectives were accomplished, except for the cadmium sulfide (CdS) cell detector experiment, which was damaged on liftoff and provided no data.


Lithuanian nationality law operates on the jus sanguinus principle, whereby persons who have a claim to Lithuanian ancestry, either through parents, grandparents, great-grandparents may claim Lithuanian nationality. Citizenship may also be granted by naturalization. Naturalization requires a residency period, an examination in the Lithuanian language, examination results demonstrating familiarity with the Lithuanian Constitution, a demonstrated means of support, and an oath of loyalty. A right of return clause was included in the 1991 constitution for persons who left Lithuania after its occupation by the Soviet Union in 1940 and their descendants. Lithuanian citizens are also citizens of the European Union and thus enjoy rights of free movement and have the right to vote in elections for the European Parliament. In 1989, the legislature passed a nationality act granting automatic citizenship to those persons who could establish their own birth, or that of a parent or grandparent, within Lithuanian borders. Permanent residents not covered by these criteria were granted citizenship upon signing a loyalty oath. Language proficiency was not required. A 1991 treaty with Russia extended the definition of residency to those who had immigrated to Lithuania from Russia between 1989 and the ratification of the treaty. Subsequent applicants for citizenship were required to meet a set of naturalization standards, including Lithuanian language testing.
The citizenship requirements were the most liberal of those in the newly independent Baltic states. This is usually attributed to a relatively low level of immigration from other areas within the Soviet Union, resulting in a more ethnically homogenous population. In November 2006, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania ruled that the Law on Citizenship (wording of 17 September 2002 with subsequent amendments and supplements) was "controversial, inconsistent and confusing". At issue was the possession of dual citizenship; the provision extended the right of citizenship, and hence the right to vote, to members of the post-Soviet Lithuanian diaspora, which was concentrated in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Argentina, and their children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren. The most notable member of this diaspora was Lithuanian President Valdas Adamkus, who had become a United States citizen; he formally renounced US citizenship before taking the oath of office.
The petitioners held that basing citizenship on ethnic origin or nationality of the person violated the equality of persons and was discriminatory. The use and meaning of the term "repatriated" was especially controversial. The Lithuanian Seimas (parliament) passed a temporary law, expiring in 2010, that granted dual citizenship in exceptional cases, most notably to those who were Lithuanian citizens prior to 1940 and who fled during the Soviet occupations, as well as to their children and grandchildren.
The Constitution states that Lithuanian citizenship is acquired by birth except in certain cases established by law and that no person may be a citizen of Lithuania and another country or state at the same time, except in special cases. This provision of the Constitution can only be changed by a referendum.
Currently, the law on citizenship allows dual citizenship only in exceptional cases for those whose ancestors left Lithuania before its independence from the Soviet Union 1990, but still had Lithuanian citizenship in 1940. There are some things to consider before someone could be able to pass the Lithuanian citizenship eligibility, and by having these, gives the person the right to claim Lithuanian citizenship.
Persons who were citizens of independent Lithuania (between 1918 up to 1940) as well as their children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren can restore Lithuanian citizenship. Persons of Lithuanian descent can restore dual Lithuanian citizenship if their ancestor still had Lithuanian citizenship in 1940.  Dual citizenship can also be extended to descendants of Lithuanian citizens who were exiled to Siberia and stayed in Soviet Union countries.   During November 2010 the Seimas passed a law liberalizing dual citizenship requirements. President Dalia Grybauskaitė vetoed it, stating that: "According to the Constitution, dual citizenship is a rare exception, not a common case."
On 23 June 2016, the Seimas passed a law further liberalizing dual citizenship requirements.  It went into effect on 6 July 2016, amending the Law on Citizenship of the Republic of Lithuania (Law XI-1196 Dec 2, 2010). Article 7 of the Law on Citizenship as amended on 23 June 2016 lists the following criteria for dual citizenship:
They have acquired citizenship of the Republic of Lithuania and citizenship of another state at birth.
They are a person who left Lithuania before 11 March 1990. This is defined as:
at least one of their ancestors (parents, grandparents or great grandparents) was a citizen of the Republic of Lithuania (between 1918 1940);
the ancestor left Lithuania (the law changed the former 'fled' requirement) some time before Lithuania restored its independence on 11 March 1990;
the ancestor did not depart to the former Soviet Union after 15 June 1940.
They are a person who was exiled from the occupied Republic of Lithuania before 11 March 1990.
They are a person, or their descendants, who until 15 June 1940 had Lithuanian citizenship and was forcibly deported from Lithuania before 11 March 1990, because of political, social, or ethnic persecution by Soviet and Nazi occupation regimes.
They have by virtue of marriage to a citizen of another state ipso facto acquired citizenship of another state.
They are adopted by citizen of the Republic of Lithuania before reaching 18 years of age.
They have acquired citizenship of the Republic of Lithuania by way of exception while being a citizen of another state.
They are a person who has retained citizenship of the Republic of Lithuania or who has citizenship of the Republic of Lithuania restored for his outstanding merits to the State of Lithuania.
They have acquired citizenship of the Republic of Lithuania while having refugee status in the Republic of Lithuania.
Some countries (such as Argentina, Uruguay and Mexico) do not allow renouncing their citizenship, so applicants might de facto keep dual citizenship even if they are eligible only for single Lithuanian citizenship.
In certain cases, only restoration of Lithuanian citizenship as single Lithuanian citizenship is allowed. For example, persons that voluntarily left to former USSR countries prior to 1990 (i.e. were not deported) and have Lithuanian ancestors can restore Lithuanian citizenship but have to renounce their current citizenship. This does not apply to the people that fled or emigrated from Soviet Union before 1990, these persons can restore dual citizenship, since it is considered that they fled occupation.
In 2018, at the request of Lithuanian parliament, the constitutional court clarified that being a citizen of both Lithuania and another state at the same time is not acceptable. Those who left Lithuania after it regained independence in 1990 cannot hold dual citizenship therefore it could be changed only by referendum.
The referendum to change the Constitution in order to allow Lithuanian citizens also to be citizens of other countries was held on 12 May 2019. Even though most of the voters were in favor of changing the Constitution - the referendum on Lithuanian dual citizenship failed because the turnout was too low. Because Lithuania forms part of the European Union, Lithuanian citizens are also citizens of the European Union under European Union law and thus enjoy rights of free movement and have the right to vote in elections for the European Parliament. When in a non-EU country where there is no Lithuanian embassy, Lithuanian citizens have the right to get consular protection from the embassy of any other EU country present in that country. Lithuanian citizens can live and work in any country within the EU as a result of the right of free movement and residence granted in Article 21 of the EU Treaty. Visa requirements for Lithuanian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Lithuania. In 2015, Lithuanian citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 159 countries and territories, ranking the Lithuanian passport 10th in the world according to the Visa Restrictions Index.
In 2017, the Lithuanian nationality is ranked twenty-second in the Nationality Index (QNI). This index differs from the Visa Restrictions Index, which focuses on external factors including travel freedom. The QNI considers, in addition to travel freedom, on internal factors such as peace & stability, economic strength, and human development as well.<PIC>


Baron Poltimore, of Poltimore in the County of Devon, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1831 for Sir George Bampfylde, 6th Baronet. His son, the second Baron, held office as Treasurer of the Household from 1872 to 1874 in the first Liberal administration of William Ewart Gladstone.
As of 2010 the titles are held by the latter's great-great-grandson, the seventh Baron, who succeeded his grandfather in 1978. He has notably been a director of Sotheby's and appears on the Antiques Roadshow as Mark Poltimore, one of the experts on paintings. In 2013 he appeared in the film Trance playing the role of Francis Lemaitre, an auctioneer.
The Bampfylde Baronetcy, of Poltimore in the County of Devon, was created in the Baronetage of England on 14 July 1641 for John Bampfylde, the ancestor of the first Baron. He represented Penryn in the House of Commons. His son, the second Baronet, sat as Member of Parliament for Tiverton and Devonshire. His grandson, the third Baronet, and great-grandson, the fourth Baronet, both represented Exeter and Devonshire in the House of Commons. The latter's son, the fifth Baronet, also sat as Member of Parliament for Exeter. He was shot by an ex-servant on 7 April 1823 and died twelve days later. He was succeeded by his son, the aforementioned sixth Baronet, who was elevated to the peerage in 1831.
Another member of the Bampfylde family was Thomas Bampfylde, brother of the first Baronet. He served briefly as Speaker of the House of Commons in 1659. Also, John Codrington Bampfylde, younger son of the fourth Baronet, was a poet.
The ancestral seat of the Bampfylde family was Poltimore House, near Exeter, Devon, and from the 15th century at North Molton, North Devon. Their Exeter townhouse was Bampfylde House, built c. 1590, destroyed by bombing in 1942 during WW II. The seventh Baron and his family live near Hungerford, Berkshire.<PIC> Sir John Bampfylde, 1st Baronet (c. 1610–1650)
Sir Coplestone Bampfylde, 2nd Baronet (c. 1633–1692)
Hugh Bampfylde (c. 1663–1691)
Sir Coplestone Warwick Bampfylde, 3rd Baronet (c. 1689–1727)
Sir Richard Warwick Bampfylde, 4th Baronet (1722–1776)
Sir Charles Warwick Bampfylde, 5th Baronet (1753–1823)
Sir George Warwick Bampfylde, 6th Baronet (1786–1858) (created Baron Poltimore in 1831) George Warwick Bampfylde, 1st Baron Poltimore (1786–1858)
Augustus Frederick George Warwick Bampfylde, 2nd Baron Poltimore (1837–1908); only son of the 1st Baron
Coplestone Richard George Warwick Bampfylde, 3rd Baron Poltimore (1859–1918); eldest son of the 2nd Baron
George Wentworth Warwick Bampfylde, 4th Baron Poltimore (1882–1965); eldest son of the 3rd Baron
Hon. (Coplestone) John de Grey Warwick Bampfylde (1914–1936); only son of the 4th Baron, predeceased his father unmarried.
Arthur Blackett Warwick Bampfylde, 5th Baron Poltimore (1883–1967); 2nd son of 3rd Baron
Hugh de Burgh Warwick Bampfylde, 6th Baron Poltimore (1888–1978); 3rd and youngest son of 3rd Baron
Hon. Anthony Gerard Hugh Bampfylde (1920–1969); eldest son of the 6th Baron
Mark Coplestone Bampfylde, 7th Baron Poltimore (b. 1957); grandson of the 6th Baron through his eldest son
The heir apparent is the present holder's eldest son, the Hon. Henry Anthony Warwick Bampfylde (b. 1985)


Shavar Thomas (born 29 January 1981 in Hannah Town) is a retired Jamaican footballer and current assistant coach of FC Cincinnati 2 of MLS Next Pro.<PIC>  Thomas played as a youth for Hazard United in Jamaica and at The Hotchkiss School in Lakeville, Connecticut. He played college soccer at the University of Connecticut. He played two seasons, 2001 and 2002, and was named an NSCAA second team All-American his second year. After that year, Thomas entered the 2003 MLS SuperDraft, where he was selected 10th overall by Dallas Burn.  Thomas struggled in his first year, often appearing raw, but finished the season with 14 starts and 1252 minutes for the Burn.  In the offseason, Thomas was traded to Kansas City Wizards in exchange for Eric Quill and Carey Talley.  In his second year, Thomas established himself as a solid defender, playing center back for one of the league's best defensive teams.  He finished the season with 1880 minutes in 22 starts. Thomas continued as a starter in 2005 and 2006.  On 23 March 2007, Thomas was traded to Los Angeles Galaxy for a conditional second-round draft pick.  On 3 May 2007, he was traded to Chivas USA for a second-round pick in the 2009 MLS SuperDraft.
Thomas was selected by Philadelphia Union in the 2009 MLS Expansion Draft on 25 November 2009. He was traded to his former club Kansas City Wizards on 30 June 2010 in exchange for two MLS SuperDraft picks and allocation money.
Thomas remained with Kansas City through the 2011 season. At season's end, the club declined his 2012 contract option and he entered the 2011 MLS Re-Entry Draft. Thomas was not selected in the draft and became a free agent.
Thomas signed with new MLS franchise Montreal Impact on 20 January 2012. On 2 November 2012 Montreal announced that Thomas would not be returning to the club in 2013. He entered the 2012 MLS Re-Entry Draft and became a free agent after going undrafted in both rounds of the draft.
In 2013, Thomas was invited to D.C. United's training camp as a trialist, but wasn't offered a contract. It was announced on 11 March 2013 that Thomas signed with the Fort Lauderdale Strikers for the NASL's Spring season.
After leaving Fort Lauderdale, Thomas went on trial with Brunei DPMM of the S.League in November 2013. Thomas appeared for the Jamaican U-20's in the 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship in Argentina and looked poised to break into a major role with the Jamaica national team, while captaining the 2004 Olympic squad. He currently has 49 caps, and has represented the team at every level.
He captained the Jamaica national team to the 2010 Caribbean Championship in Martinique.  In August 2017, Thomas was named coach of Portmore United F.C. of the Red Stripe Premier League. Thomas's first season leading Portmore was a great success finishing first in the table, 15 points clear of second place Arnett Gardens. After two successive runners-up finishes in prior seasons, Thomas's Portmore won the final, beating Waterhouse F.C. in penalties, earning the club's sixth title overall, and first since 2012.
Thomas's Portmore saw continued success during the 2018–19 season, finishing top of the table and winning the final for the club's seventh title and Thomas's second.
The 2017-18 title earned Portmore qualification to the 2019 Caribbean Club Championship. Going undefeated through the tournament, Thomas's Portmore secured the 2019 Caribbean Club Championship, earning the club's second title from the competition, and first since 2005. Thomas left Portmore at the conclusion of the 2019 season of competition to join coaching staff in Turks and Caicos Islands Football Association. In 2022, Thomas joined FC Cincinnati 2 as an assistant coach.   MLS Supporters' Shield
Runners-up (1): 2007
MLS Western Conference
Winners (Regular Season) (1): 2007 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup (1): 2004
Major League Soccer Western Conference Championship (1): 2004 Caribbean Cup Winner (2): 2008, 2010  National Premier League Winner (2): 2017–18, 2018–19
Caribbean Club Championship Winner (1): 2019


Teymur Bakhtiar (Persian: تیمور بختیار; 1914 – 12 August 1970) was an Iranian general and the founder and head of SAVAK from 1956 to 1961 when he was dismissed by the Shah. In 1970, SAVAK agents assassinated him in Iraq.
He was an asset in the British military network in Iran.<PIC> Bakhtiar was born in 1914 to Sardar Moazzam Bakhtiari, a chieftain of the eminent Bakhtiari tribe. He studied at a French school in Beirut (many Iranians were Francophiles at the time: e. g. Amir Abbas Hoveyda and General Hassan Pakravan) from 1928 to 1933, whereupon he was accepted to the renowned Saint-Cyr military academy. After returning to Iran, he graduated from Tehran's Military Academy. His cousin, Shapour Bakhtiar, and he went together to both Beirut and Paris for higher education.
Then he was made a first lieutenant and dispatched to Zahedan. Bakhtiar's first wife was Iran Khanom, the daughter of the Bakhtiari chieftain Sardar-e Zafar. At that time, the Bakhtiaris were extremely influential; Muhammad Reza Shah's second wife, Soraya Esfandiary Bakhtiari, and the Shah's last prime minister, Shapour Bakhtiar, were both related to Teymour Bakhtiar. After World War II when the USSR refused to withdraw its troops from Iran, the separatist movement intensified in a number of regions of the country. In 1946, having received the relevant order of the Shah's government, Teymur took part in pacifying the Khamseh region. He organized a kind of guerrilla struggle against soldiers of the Red Army and the separatist movement, as a result of which many separatist fighters were killed in clashes with pro-Shah forces. Suppressing the armed resistance of the nomadic Khamseh tribes, the government sent him as governor to Zahedan.
Bakhtiar rose rapidly in Iran's military after the fall of Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadeq in 1953. A close associate of Prime Minister Fazlollah Zahedi, he was promoted to military governor of Tehran. One of his first major successes was the capture and trial of Mossadeq's minister of foreign affairs, Hossein Fatemi, who had actively fought the military government that succeeded Mossadegh's period in office.
Bakhtiar waged an extensive campaign against the communist Tudeh party; he arrested and had 24 Tudeh leaders summarily tried and executed, including Khalil Tahmasebi, the assassin of former Prime Minister Ali Razmara.  For these accomplishments, he was appointed modern Iran's youngest three-star general in 1954.
From August 1953 to Autumn 1954, about 660 of the most ardent supporters of the ousted prime minister were arrested. Of these, 130 were former employees of the oil enterprises in Abadan. A significant part of the arrested officers were members of the Tudeh party. All those who escaped execution were sentenced to various years in prison. On 19 October 1954, the death sentence of the first group of officers from Tudeh was carried out. On 30 October, was shot the second group of Tudeh officers consisting of 6 people, on 8 November, the third group of 5 people. And on 10 November, by the verdict of a military tribunal, Hossein Fatemi was executed. Before being executed, he was brutally tortured.
With the full support of the Shah's court and the West, the new government brought down brutal repressions against members of the pro-Mossadegh and leftist organizations, figures known for their anti-monarchist views. The government managed to break almost all the military and political resistance of the opposition. Throughout 1953, minor scattered armed protests by opposition representatives against the military government continued. In the spring of 1954, ayatollah Abol-Ghasem Kashani, publicist Seyyed Hossein Makki and other leaders of right-wing nationalists made an attempt to organize mass protests against the Zahedi government. However, the demonstrations that began at their call did not lead to a change in the existing situation. By that time, the court and the government had become masters of the situation, having established full control over the army, police and gendarmerie, strengthening the Shah's imperial guard. Bakhtiar was made head of the newly formed intelligence and security service SAVAK in February 1956. He ruthlessly crushed any opposition to the regime, including communists, Islamic fundamentalists, and any other anti-monarchists.
Under the General Bakhtiar, SAVAK turned into an effective secret agency of internal security to combat the enemies of the monarchical regime of the Pahlavi dynasty.
After Prime Minister Jafar Sharif-Emami was forced to resign in May 1961 due to ongoing demonstrations against large-scale rigging in the parliamentary elections, Teymur Bakhtiar hoped to become the new Prime Minister. Shah made a bet on Ali Amini. General Bakhtiar then contacted the US Embassy in order to enlist their support for a "coup" against Amini. A surprised American ambassador informed the Shah about Bakhtiar's plans. Soon Bakhtiar was removed from his post as head of SAVAK and was sent abroad. With the appointment of Ali Amini as prime minister in 1961, the Shah began to distrust Bakhtiar. Amini warned the Shah of Bakhtiar's contacts with John F. Kennedy, and Bakhtiar was dismissed in 1961. Amini was a Kennedy supporter and was dismissed in 1962 partly because of the Shah's growing distrust of Kennedy.
Initially from his self chosen exile in Geneva, Bakhtiar retaliated by establishing contacts with Iranian dissidents in Europe, Iraq, and Lebanon, using the contacts he had built during his time at SAVAK.
Bakhtiar arrived in Lebanon on 12 April 1968, and was arrested in May for "arms smuggling". Lebanese officials then informed the Iranian embassy in Beirut. As Iranian courts harassed Bakhtiar on charges of high treason, the Iranian government asked the Lebanese government on 13 May to transfer Bakhtiar to Iranian judicial authorities. The Iranian request was based on the principle of cooperation between the judiciary and the Lebanese criminal code regarding extradition of criminals. But Bakhtiar managed to get out of prison and emigrate to Iraq. In 1969, the Iranian parliament passed a law under which Teymur Bakhtiar was deprived of all military ranks, and all his movable and immovable property were confiscated.
He met not only Ayatollah Khomeini but also Reza Radmanesh, the General Secretary of the Tudeh Party, and Mahmud Panahian, the "War Minister" of autonomy-seeking state Azerbaijan People's Government, that had emerged briefly after the Soviet forces withdrew from Iran, following World War II. The Shah issued a warrant for Bakhtiar's arrest, but the general sought refuge in Iraq.
On 12 August 1970, during a hunting party, he was shot and killed by an Iranian Savak agent, feigning to be a sympathizer. As a cover for the plot, the assassin and a colleague had hijacked an Iranian passenger plane, forcing it to land in Baghdad. Disguised as dissidents of the Iranian government, the two assassins duped the Iraqi regime and gained access to Teymur Bakhtiar and his entourage. The truth behind these circumstances emerged only years later.  Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi himself has been quoted as claiming the assassination a personal success. In an Interview with the acclaimed French author and biographer, Gérard de Villiers, the Shah publicly made a statement to this effect.
Bahktiar's would be assassin was a trusted person, living on the premises of Bakhtiar mansion in Baghdad and could have had the General assassinated at a much earlier time. However, the chances for escape were slim, as Teymur Bakhtiar was a VIP guest of the Iraqi government and was both watched and protected by Iraqi bodyguards.
Bakhtiar's murder was investigated at the highest level. There was only one assassin. Once out hunting in the field, the assassin fired a shot at him with a pistol, hitting him in the shoulder, thus making Bakhtiar drop his rifle. Immediately, Bakhtiar's Iraqi bodyguard attempted to shoot the assassin with an AK-47, but was shot in the forehead first. The general reached for his revolver with his left hand, but was shot 5 times in the torso and left hand by the assassin. Bakhtiar was taken to hospital and underwent surgery, but died shortly thereafter from massive internal bleeding.
The assassin quickly left the scene, heading towards the Iranian border. He passed out several kilometers before reaching the border crossing, due to the heat. He was captured by an Iraqi border patrol and taken to Baghdad alive. His fate remains unknown. It is also not known where he obtained his small-arms training as well as the pistol used.


The North Carolina Executive Mansion (also referred to as the North Carolina Governor's Mansion) is the official residence of the governor of North Carolina and their family. Building began in the year 1883 and it was designed by architects Samuel Sloan and A.G. Bauer. The first occupants, Governor Daniel G. Fowle and his daughter, Helen Whitaker Fowle, moved into the unfinished building in January 1891. It is an example of Queen Anne style architecture.<PIC> The original street plan of the city of Raleigh had designated Burke Square as a possible location for the governor's residence. Burke Square was already occupied by the Raleigh Academy by the time the state decided to build and a different site for the house was chosen. The legislature passed a bill in 1883 under Governor Jarvis's prompting, to authorize the construction on Burke Square of Raleigh's third official gubernatorial residence. The bill provided for its major furnishings and required that the governor occupy the new dwelling. Prison labor was used for construction and building materials were used that could be made at the local penitentiary when feasible. Samuel Sloan, of Philadelphia, and his assistant, Aldophus Gustavus Bauer, were chosen as architects. Sloan arrived in Raleigh with his designs for the elaborate structure in April 1883 and work began in early summer. Sloan died in 1885, six years before the completion of the house, and Bauer assumed full responsibility for the remainder of the project. Bauer remained in North Carolina to become one of the state's most important nineteenth-century architects.
The bricks for the house were made from Wake County clay and molded by prison labor. Many of these bricks, particularly in the sidewalks surrounding the house, still bear the inscribed names of the men who made them. The sandstone trim came from Anson County. The marble steps in front (later moved to the north side) came from Cherokee County, and oak and heart pine were shipped from all across North Carolina for use in the building.
Since its initial construction in 1882, few major changes have been made to the building's exterior. Porches on the north and east sides have been enclosed to expand kitchen and security facilities.
A Neoclassical makeover was undertaken during Governor Angus W. McLean's administration. Many Victorian features were changed or removed, including painting of woodwork; removal of stained glass, balustrades, overmantel mirrors and whatnot shelving; and replacement of columns and pilasters.
First Lady Alice Willson Broughton oversaw the addition of a service elevator in the house, and established a victory garden on the lawn during World War II. In the 1960s, a rose garden was planted on the northwest corner of the grounds by First Lady Margaret Rose Sanford.
During her tenure as first lady, Jeanelle C. Moore began a campaign for public awareness of the mansion's historic and cultural significance. Her dedication resulted in the formation of the Executive Mansion Fine Arts Committee, a statutory committee which advises and supports the acquisition of gifts, purchases, maintenance and preservation. In 1970, the mansion was listed in the National Register of Historic Places. In 1974–75, the mansion underwent a major renovation which included the plumbing, heating, air conditioning and electrical systems. These interior and exterior rehabilitation projects were crucial to the preservation and continued use of the building.
In 1988, the Executive Mansion Fund Inc., a non-profit corporation, was created with the help of first lady Dottie Martin in order to provide further support for restoration and preservation. The fund is charged with soliciting grants, donations, bequests and other contributions and with investing and managing these funds. Its successful Second Century campaign resulted in the establishment of a $2 million endowment. The Executive Mansion Fund Inc. has established a membership organization—the Friends of the Executive Mansion, a group of concerned individual and corporate citizens who wish to support the Executive Mansion through their annual contributions. The State of North Carolina also owns a second residence for the use of the governor, at 45 Patton Mountain Road on Town Mountain near Asheville. It was donated to the state by the Asheville Chamber of Commerce in 1964, in the hope that future governors would spend more time in—and hence pay more attention to—the western portion of the state. The home was built originally in 1939 by Tom Brimer, who was then owner of Good Humor Ice Cream. The 6,000-square-foot (560 m²) mansion sits on 18 acres (73,000 m²) of land.