John of Montfort (Middle Breton: Yann Moñforzh, French: Jean de Montfort) (1295 – 26 September 1345, Château d'Hennebont), sometimes known as John IV of Brittany, and 6th Earl of Richmond from 1341 to his death. He was the son of Arthur II, Duke of Brittany and his second wife, Yolande de Dreux. He contested the inheritance of the Duchy of Brittany by his niece, Joan of Penthièvre, which led to the War of the Breton Succession, which in turn evolved into being part of the Hundred Years' War between England and France. John's patron in his quest was King Edward III of England. He died in 1345, 19 years before the end of the war, and the victory of his son John IV over Joan of Penthièvre and her husband, Charles of Blois.<PIC> John of Montfort was born in 1295, the only son to Arthur II of Brittany and his second wife Yolande of Dreux. In 1322 he inherited from his mother the title of count of Montfort-l'Amaury, and in 1329 he married Joanna of Flanders in Chartres. Joanna was the daughter of Louis I, Count of Nevers, and Joan, Countess of Rethel. They had:
John IV, Duke of Brittany (1339–1399), married (1) Mary of Waltham (1344–1362), daughter of King Edward III of England, in 1361 in Oxfordshire; (2) Joan Holland (1350–1384) in 1366 in London; (3) Joan of Navarre (1370–1437), daughter of King Charles II of Navarre, in 1386 in Saillé-près-Guérande.
Joan of Brittany, Baroness of Drayton (1341–1402), married before 21 October 1385 to Ralph Basset, 3rd Baron Basset of Drayton On 30 April 1341, John III, Duke of Brittany, died without a male heir. His half-brother, John of Montfort, was a candidate for the succession, which was also claimed by Joan of Penthièvre, niece of John III and wife of Charles of Blois, himself a nephew of the Philip VI, King of France. The King was, of course, favourable to his nephew.
The Duchy of Brittany historically had a "semi-Salic" mode of inheritance; male primogeniture was followed unless no direct male descendants remained. At that point the closest female descendant inherited as Duchess, with her husband serving as Duke by "right of representation". The position of John of Montfort was legally founded on the belief that a brother (even a half-brother) was a closer heir than a beneficiary niece, and that the Salic form of inheritance adopted by the Kingdom of France should be followed. This argument was based on the fact that since 1297 Brittany had been a Duché-pairie ("member and part of the crown"), and that the legislation of the suzerain kingdom should therefore be applied. Challenges to the Salic law of the Franks had historically been rejected for the Kingdom of France, allowing Philip V to gain the throne in 1316, and Philip VI most recently. This made Edward III's support of John of Montfort quite ironic, in that the argument for Edward III to inherit the Kingdom of France was based on the opposing philosophy that the crown should be able to descend through a female line.
A civil war, termed the War of the Breton Succession, then began and lasted 23 years. This conflict was also called La guerre de deux Jeanne, after the French names of the two duchesses in competition: Jeanne de Penthièvre and Jeanne de Flanders, wife of John of Montfort. After the funeral of John III, Charles of Blois returned to the Court of France and John of Montfort returned to his Breton estate in Guérande. Then, incited by his wife (according to tradition), he went with a small army to Nantes where he was well received by the inhabitants who swore their loyalty. John then went to Limoges where he managed to obtain the ducal treasury. John returned to Nantes and was recognised as Duke in May 1341 by an assembly composed of members of the towns and minor nobles, but shunned by the major vassals with the exception of Hervé VII, Count of Léon. Thanks to the ducal treasury, he recruited mercenaries which allowed him to perform in June and July a 'great ride in Brittany' (as described by Arthur de la Borderie) and take control of the duchy. John first gained Rennes, then Vannes and the places surrounding the Château de Suscinio, Auray, Hennebont, and then Quimperlé. Having failed to take the domains of Rohan, he submitted Quimper and Brest before descending to Carhaix, and then went back northward and captured Saint-Brieuc, Lamballe, Jugon, Dinan, Dol-de-Bretagne, and returned to Nantes via Ploërmel.
Always accompanied by Hervé VII of Léon, John obtained the submission, if not the support, of some of the major nobles who possessed several of these strongholds and had been loyal to Charles of Blois. However it would probably require getting Josselin, or the support of the high secular clergy and great lords, or more, to control the domains of the Penthièvres and the House of Rohan, which represented about two-thirds of Brittany. John also went to England and met with Edward III of England in Windsor, who promised him military assistance and invested him with the Honour of Richmond.
Charles of Blois then made an appeal to Philip VI, who summoned John of Montfort to a Court of Peers session in Conflans in September 1341. In this context by the judgment of Conflans, the Duchy of Brittany was attributed to Charles of Blois. Philip VI agreed to receive l'hommage lige of Charles of Blois on behalf of his wife, and confiscated from John of Montfort the French lands of the County of Montfort-l'Amaury, as well as the Viscounty of Limoges that he held more unduly.
In October 1341, Charles of Blois and John II, Duke of Normandy (later King of France), put together an army and penetrated into Brittany. They managed to retrieve a number of strongholds which had been lost, including Nantes, which relented on 21 November 1341 after three weeks of siege. John of Montfort was captured and imprisoned in the Louvre in Paris. Despite the change of camp of Hervé VII de Leon (due to criticisms from John regarding his handling of the siege of Nantes), Joanna, the wife of John of Montfort, continued the armed struggle supported by his allies. After a winter break that ended on 15 April 1342, Charles of Blois resumed the fight and regained a large part of Brittany between May and September 1342. King Edward III of England decided to intervene on behalf of the House of Montfort. Charles de Blois failed to take Hennebont, which was defended by Joanna of Flanders, while Robert III of Artois was mortally wounded besieging Vannes in vain leading an English contingent. In January 1343, through Pope Clement VI, a truce was signed at Malestroit to bring peace and the liberation of John of Montfort. The latter was released in September 1343 and retired to England 27 March 1345. His return to the struggle with reinforcements provided by King Edward III of England put an end to the truce. John of Montfort unsuccessfully laid siege to Quimper, then fell ill and died in Hennebont on 26 September 1345. He was buried in the convent of the Dominicans of Quimperlé where his tomb, which had already been desecrated, was found again in December 1883. His remains are now in the Church of Sainte-Croix de Quimperlé.


Lesil Lynn McGuire (born January 22, 1971) is an American politician in the state of Alaska. She served as a Republican member of the Alaska Senate from 2007 until 2017, after her tenure as a member of the Alaska House of Representatives from 2000 through 2006. She served Senate District N until redistricting in 2012 placed her in District K for 2013.<PIC> McGuire was born in Portland, Oregon, on January 22, 1971, before her family moved to Alaska in 1973. She attended Willamette University in Salem, Oregon, beginning in 1989, where she majored in both political science and speech. She also served two years as an intern and press aide for Senator Ted Stevens of Alaska before graduating in 1993 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. After college she attended law school at Willamette University College of Law, graduating with a Juris Doctor in 1998. In law school she worked for Willamette Law Review, the school's legal journal. After graduation, she returned to Alaska and clerked briefly for Birch Horton Bittner & Cherot before taking a position as an aide to the Alaska State House Judiciary Committee. She is a German Marshall Fellow and a Henry Toll Fellow. She has one son, Grayson McGuire Anderson. In 2000, at the age of 29, she won election to the Alaska House of Representatives to replace John Cowdery, who was elected to the Alaska State Senate. She served in the House as a moderate Republican until 2006 when she was elected to the Alaska State Senate, continuing to serve as a moderate Republican. She was the youngest member of the Alaska State Senate at the time. She was also the first woman president of PNWER where she established the Arctic Caucus, in addition to her duties with the state. She was also active with CSG, otherwise known as the Council of State Governments, having served as the past chair of the Western Region.  She has been a leader in energy and Arctic policy as well as women's rights.
During the 2012 state election, McGuire joined the new Senate Majority Caucus and was appointed as Senate Rules Committee chair. The new Majority Caucus that was formed ousted the existing Bipartisan Coalition (of which McGuire was a part of) with oil tax reform being one of its main objectives. The caucus produced a law, signed by the governor, that brought the Alaska oil tax regime into a more competitive structure, as the previous tax system was among the highest in the world.
She has been a leader in overall state energy policy helping craft a bi-partisan energy bill that was signed into law in 2012.  This law, among other things, created an Emerging Energy Technology Fund, a Renewable Energy Grant Fund and has paved the way to expanding energy sources and technologies across the state.  Alaska is a global leader in hybrid wind technology and deployment in extreme environments.
McGuire announced her decision to run for Alaska's Lieutenant Governor in Alaska gubernatorial election, 2014. She was the first candidate to declare for lieutenant governor and highlighted her statewide experience. She did not run in the primary, however, and the nomination was uncontested, going to outgoing Anchorage Borough Mayor Dan Sullivan. Sullivan, paired with incumbent Governor Sean Parnell, lost in the general election.
Beginning in 2013, she served as the Co-Chair of the Alaska Arctic Policy Commission.  The commission was made up of 10 legislators (from the Senate and the House) and 16 subject matter experts.  Over the course of two years they traveled across the state talking and listening to locals and elders from a broad range of communities and perspectives.  The work culminated in a Final Report and Implementation Plan to the Alaska State Legislature in 2015.  Deriving from that work, McGuire helped craft the first Arctic Policy for the state of Alaska.  That same year McGuire was leader in getting Alaska's Arctic Policy, the first of its kind from a sub-national jurisdiction, established into law.
In 2013 she established the first Women's Summit in Alaska.  The summit brings together a broad range of women leaders and speakers to convene on such topics as the gender pay gap, housing and homelessness, sexual assault and domestic violence.  Now in its 4th year, the summit works in conjunction with the University of Alaska Anchorage and has raised over $70,000 for scholarships.
On September 28, 2015, McGuire announced that she would not run for reelection to the state senate.


Kent is a civil parish in the northeastern corner of Carleton County, New Brunswick, Canada. It comprises one village, two local service districts, and part of one town, all of which are members of the Western Valley Regional Service Commission (WVRSC).
The Census subdivision of Kent Parish includes all of the civil parish except the two municipalities.<PIC> The parish was named in memory of the Duke of Kent, father of Queen Victoria. Kent was erected in 1821 within York County from "all that part of the County of York lying above the Parish of Wakefield, on both sides of the River Saint John," territory previously unassigned to any parish. This sweeping description included modern Kent Parish, Wicklow Parish, Aberdeen Parish, parts of Brighton, Peel, and Stanley Parishes; Madawaska County; most of Victoria County; the western part of Restigouche County; and parts of Maine and Quebec then claimed by New Brunswick. Kent Parish is bounded:
on the west by the Saint John River;
on the north by Victoria County;
on the south and east by a line running due east from opposite the mouth of Whitemarsh Brook to a reserved road along the western line of grants on the Ketchum Ridge Road, then north along reserved roads on the western side of land grants along the Ketchum Ridge, West Glassville, Old West Glassville, Shikatehawk, and Denney Hill Roads to the north line of a grant south of the junction of the Denney Hill and Burke Roads, running briefly northeasterly to the northwestern corner of a lot west of the end of Kenneth Road before turning due east and running to the York County line, then running northeast along York County until it meets the Victoria County line. Kent's 1821 boundaries gave it all of the province west of Northumberland County, including the province's claims to northern Maine and parts of Québec.
In 1832 Kent was included in the newly erected Carleton County; The eastern county line cut through Kent Parish.
In 1833 the sheer size of Kent Parish lead to it being split into five parishes. Wicklow and Andover comprised all of the parish west of the Saint John River, Perth all of Kent east of the Saint John between the modern county line and Grand Falls, and Madawaska all of Kent north of Grand Falls; the orphaned area in York County became unassigned land in that county. Kent retained its modern territory plus Aberdeen Parish and eastern Peel and Brighton Parishes.
In 1841 the southern boundary of Brighton Parish was changed, causing a change in its northern boundary due to its wording, removing all of modern Brighton and Peel Parishes and southern Aberdeen.
In 1850 the northern line was rotated to run due east from the mouth of the River de Chute. Kent gained a small area on the bank of the Saint John but lost a large triangle of territory that included the modern communities of Chapmanville, Kilfoil, Killoween, Maplehurst, and Moose Mountain.
In 1863 the southeastern part of Kent formed the bulk of Aberdeen Parish, removing Glassville and Knowlesville Settlements.
In 1864 the original northern line of Carleton County was restored, reversing the 1850 changes.
In 1896 the boundary with Aberdeen Parish underwent minor changes, taking a long narrow triangle of territory from Kent.
In 1956 a stretch of Crown Reserved Road along the western boundary of Aberdeen Parish was transferred to Kent, possibly in error. The town of Florenceville-Bristol occupies the southwestern corner of the parish along the Saint John River.
The village of Bath comprises and irregular area along the Saint John River south of the Monquart Stream. Both LSDs assess for the basic LSD services of fire protection, police services, land use planning, emergency measures, and dog control. The local service district of the parish of Kent originally comprised all of the parish outside the villages of Bath and Bristol.
It was established on 23 November 1966 to assess for fire protection following the abolition of county governments by the new Municipalities Act.
Community services were added on 20 December 1967 and non-fire related rescue on 23 October 2015.
Today the LSD additionally assesses for community & recreation services. The taxing authority is 209.00 Kent.
LSD advisory committee: Yes, as of September 2017. Chair Alma Kilfoil served on the WVRSC board from at least 2015 until her resignation on 30 September 2017. Upper Kent comprises a narrow strip along the Saint John River around the community of Upper Kent.
It was established on 27 June 1968 to add street lighting, community planning, and garbage collection. Non-fire related rescue was added on 23 October 2015.
Today Upper Kent additionally assesses for street lighting and community & recreation services. The taxing authority is 220.00 Upper Kent.
LSD advisory committee: unknown Communities at least partly within the parish. bold indicates an incorporated municipality
 Bath
Beaufort
Beechwood
Carlow
Chapmanville
Clearview
Fielding
Florenceville-Bristol
Giberson Settlement
 Gordonsville
Halls Corner
Holmesville
 Johnville
Kenneth
Kilfoil
Killoween
Lockharts Mill
Maplehurst
Mineral
Monquart
Moose Mountain
Murphy Corner
Piercemont
River de Chute Siding
South Johnville
Tarrtown
 Upper Kent
Welch Bodies of water at least partly within the parish.
Odell River
 Saint John River
 North Branch Southwest Miramichi River
Dyer Branch
Little Shikatehawk Stream
Monquart Stream
Shikatehawk Stream
Beaver Brook Lake
Green Lake
Lost Lake
Moose Mountain Lake
Murphy Lake
Priest Lake Parks, historic sites, and other noteworthy places at least partly within the parish.
Beechwood Dam
Bristol Aerodrome
McCluskey Brook Protected Natural Area
Porcupine Mountain Protected Natural Area
Upper Kent Aerodrome Parish population total does not include Bath and portion within Florenceville-Bristol Population trend Mother tongue (2016)


Neal J. Sterling (born January 14, 1992) is a former American football tight end who played in the National Football League (NFL) for four seasons. He played college football at Monmouth and was selected by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the seventh round of the 2015 NFL Draft, where he spent his first two seasons. During his final two seasons, he was a member of the New York Jets. Sterling attended Belmar Elementary School (Belmar, New Jersey) and Manasquan High School (in Manasquan, New Jersey), where he played both basketball and football. Sterling was a two-time NJSIAA Group II Central Jersey State Champion his junior and senior year at Manasquan High School under coach Pete Cahill. In his senior year, the Warriors posted a 9-3 record where Sterling led the team in offense with 40 catches for 700 yards with 8 touchdowns. He also contributed on defense at safety, where he recorded 50 tackles and one interception. After receiving multiple scholarships for both sports, he opted for a full football scholarship offer from Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. Sterling played wide receiver at Monmouth University. He did not see time his freshman year, ultimately redshirting. In his redshirt freshman year, Sterling started all 11 of Monmouth's games where he recorded 57 receptions for 677 yards and five touchdowns. After leading the team in receptions and receiving yards, Sterling was named Northeast Conference Offensive Rookie of the Year and was a finalist for the Jerry Rice Award, given to the nation's top freshman in the FCS. During his sophomore campaign, Sterling recorded 33 receptions, 386 receiving yards, and five touchdowns while playing in all 10 games. His 33 catches were third on the team and the 386 receiving yards were second. In his junior year, Sterling played in all 12 of his games where he recorded 57 catches, 647 receiving yards, and six touchdowns which all led the team. The following year, Sterling had his best season. He again led the team in the three major receiving categories where he got 55 receptions, 905 receiving yards, and six touchdowns.  Sterling was drafted by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the seventh round with the 220th overall pick of the 2015 NFL Draft. He was waived by the team on September 4, 2015 and was signed to the practice squad. He was promoted to the active roster on October 20, 2015.
In 2016, Sterling converted to the tight end position.  He played in 10 games with one start during the 2016 season, recording 12 catches for 110 yards.
On September 3, 2017, Sterling was waived by the Jaguars. On September 6, 2017, Sterling was signed by the New York Jets. He was released by the team on October 5, 2017.<PIC> On October 7, 2017, Sterling was signed to the Kansas City Chiefs' practice squad. On October 25, 2017, Sterling was signed by the Jets off the Chiefs' practice squad.
On November 10, 2018, Sterling was placed on injured reserve with a head injury.
On March 25, 2019, Sterling re-signed with the Jets. He was released on June 11, 2019. On June 13, 2019, Sterling signed with the Kansas City Chiefs. He was released on July 24.


A spherical roller bearing is a rolling-element bearing that permits rotation with low friction, and permits angular misalignment. Typically these bearings support a rotating shaft in the bore of the inner ring that may be misaligned in respect to the outer ring. The misalignment is possible due to the spherical internal shape of the outer ring and spherical rollers. Despite what their name may imply, spherical roller bearings are not truly spherical in shape. The rolling elements of spherical roller bearings are mainly cylindrical in shape, but have a (barrel like) profile that makes them appear like cylinders that have been slightly over-inflated  (i.e. like a barrel).<PIC> Spherical roller bearings consist of an inner ring with two raceways inclined at an angle to the bearing axis, an outer ring with a common spherical raceway, spherical rollers, cages and, in certain designs, also internal guide rings or center rings. These bearings can also be sealed. The spherical roller bearing was invented by engineer Arvid Palmgren and was introduced on the market 1919 by SKF. The design of the bearing that Arvid Palmgren invented is similar to the design that is still in use in modern machines. Most spherical roller bearings are designed with two rows of rollers, allowing them to take very heavy radial loads and heavy axial loads. There are also designs with one row of rollers, suitable for lower radial loads and virtually no axial load. These are also called "barrel roller bearings" or "Tonnenlager" and are typically available in the 202- and 203-series.
The internal design of the bearing is not standardised by ISO, so it varies between different manufacturers and different series. Some features that may or may not exist in different bearings are:
Lubrication features in inner or outer ring
Central flange
Guide ring or center ring
Integrated seals
Cage External dimensions of spherical roller bearings are standardised by ISO in the standard ISO 15:1998. Some of the common series of spherical roller bearings are: 213, 222, 223, 230, 231, 232, 238, 239, 240, 241, 248, 249. Bearing rings and rolling elements can be made of a number of different materials, but the most common is "chrome steel", (high carbon chromium) a material with approximately 1.5% chrome content. Such "chrome steel" has been standardized by a number of authorities, and there are therefore a number of similar materials, such as: AISI 52100 (USA), 100CR6 (Germany), SUJ2 (Japan) and GCR15 (China).
Some common materials for bearing cages:
Sheet steel (stamped or laser-cut)
Polyamide (injection molded)
Brass (stamped or machined)
Steel (machined)
The choice of material is mainly done by the manufacturing volume and method. For large-volume bearings, cages are often of stamped sheet-metal or injection molded polyamide, whereas low volume manufacturers or low volume series often have cages of machined brass or machined steel. For some specific applications, special material for coating (e.g. PTFE coated cylindrical bore for vibratory applications) is adopted. Some manufacturers of spherical roller bearings are SKF, Schaeffler, Timken Company, NSK Ltd., NTN Corporation and JTEKT.
Since SKF introduced the spherical roller bearing in 1919, spherical roller bearings have purposefully been refined through the decades to improve carrying capacity and to reduce operational friction. This has been possible by playing with a palette of parameters such as materials, internal geometry, tolerance and lubricant. Nowadays, spherical roller bearing manufacturers are striving to refine the bearing knowledge towards more environmentally-friendly and energy-efficient solutions. Spherical bearings are used in countless industrial applications where there are heavy loads, moderate speeds and possibly misalignment. Some common application areas are:
Gearboxes
Wind turbines
Continuous casting machines
Material handling
Pumps
Mechanical fans and blowers
Mining and construction equipment
Pulp and paper processing equipment
Marine propulsion and offshore drilling
Off-road vehicles


Matt Woosey (born 14 August 1984) is an English songwriter, singer and guitar player of blues, rock, folk, and pop.<PIC> Woosey's plays acoustic blues, folk and rock. He has been a musician, songwriter, and singer. He plays acoustic guitar, electric guitar and drums.
Woosey played in a Thin Lizzy tribute band called Black Rose. It had a show in Bristol, England that was named 'Vagabonds of the Western World'. Woosey was the lead guitarist in a Malvern-based band called Taxi. It was featured on local BBC radio shows during its UK tours. In this period Woosey split his time between studying at Keele University and touring with Taxi. Taxi remained unsigned although they recorded several self-released albums. They split in 2005, after which time Woosey went solo and toured throughout the UK.
After leaving university Woosey returned to his family home in Malvern, Worcestershire and formed The Strange Rain, another three-piece band in which he played acoustic guitar. The band featured original songs from Woosey and stayed together for one year producing one album. Following this Woosey carried out a tour of 100 gigs in 100 days. He also busked around the UK and Europe. Around the same time Woosey had an instrumental song featured on BBC series, It's Not Easy Being Green. He remained a solo performer until forming The Matt Woosey Band in 2011. It played several times at London's Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club, and released one album called On The Waggon. Since then, Woosey has toured and recorded with various session musicians and recorded the Hook, Line and Sinker EP and now appears primarily solo, duo (with percussionist Dave Small) or as a three or four-piece band using session musicians.
He was described by Tom Robinson as an "upcoming roots artist from the UK with amazing feel+groove". Paul Jones (BBC Radio 2) featured Woosey in his 2014 Grammy Awards radio show in January that year. Tom Robinson of BBC Radio 6 Music mentioned him on Twitter.
Woosey toured Holland and Europe in 2012. In 2013, Woosey's album On the Waggon, gained coverage on several BBC radio shows in the UK.
In 2014, Woosey was included in Tom Robinson's Fresh on the Net mix session. He also appeared at the Great British Rock & Blues Festival in January 2014 and supported the Brand New Heavies at the Buxton Opera House in February 2014. Later that year, Woosey released a box set, Draw A Line, which included his first five albums. In May 2014, Woosey played with Gerry McAvoy’s Band of Friends in a celebration of the music of Rory Gallagher at the Flowerpot in Derby. In 2014, he toured the UK, Ireland, Germany and Switzerland.
Woosey signed with Robar Music Records (RMR), an independent UK label, in 2014 and released his seventh album, Wildest Dreams through RMR at a launch event in Woosey's home town on 2 November at the Malvern Coach House. The album received reviews in music publications in the UK, France and Canada with radio plays in the same countries and also the US. These included Maverick Magazine (UK), R2 (UK), Blues Matters (UK), Cashbox (Canada), Digital Blues Music (France), Blues & Co (France), on Radio Canut (France), and on WFRG 89.3 (US).
In November 2014, Wildest Dreams was listed as one of four 'Picks of the Month' for November by the IBBA (Independent Blues Broadcasters Association), was number 1 in the IBBA's playlist top 50 for November. In the same month Woosey was voted 'Solo Artist of the Year, 2014' along with Grainne Duffy by the Blues Matters, Writer's Poll.
In 2021, Matt Woosey and his eight-piece Matt Woosey Band were the protagonists of the eighth episode of the German concert film series WeLive. The series is produced by the production company punchline studio and directed by the brothers Maik and Pirmin Styrnol.  Yellow Shark Session (2004)
Live from the West (2005)
Live on Mars (2005)  On The Waggon (2012) Old Smithy (2008)
White Lies and Black Ice (2009)
Frame of Mind (2010)
All Or Nothing (2011)
Hook, Line and Sinker (2013)
Wildest Dreams (2014)
While the Cat's Away (2015)
Desiderata (2016) Draw a Line (box set) (2014) Head Over Wheels (2011)
Head Over Wheels II (2014)


The 503 Kingston Rd is an east–west Toronto streetcar route in Ontario, Canada, operated by the Toronto Transit Commission. The 503 Kingston Rd travels on a route to the downtown financial district from the Bingham Loop along Kingston Road and shares much of its track with the 501 Queen and 504 King. Originally a rush-hour service, the route was upgraded in September 2019 to run weekdays excluding evenings after the consolidation of 502 Downtowner service into this route.
Officially, the 503 Kingston Rd route runs from Victoria Park to York Street. However, since June 19, 2017, streetcars have been diverting to Spadina Avenue. If temporary replacement buses operate on the route, then the western terminal reverts back to York Street.<PIC> Starting at the Bingham Loop on Victoria Park Avenue, the 503 runs southwest on Kingston Road then turns west along Queen Street. At the Queen Street Viaduct bridging the Don River, it then turns southwest along King Street, enters the King Street Transit Priority Corridor and continues to Spadina Avenue, where it turns on the Charlotte Loop (via Adelaide Street West and Charlotte Street).
The 503 Kingston Rd runs weekdays excluding evenings. Evening, weekend and holiday service is provided by the 22A Coxwell bus route replacing streetcar service along Kingston Road. The section to the west of Queen and Coxwell is served by the 501 Queen and 504 King streetcars. Both of these routes provide all-day service. Two streetcar routes, 503 Kingston Rd and 502 Downtowner, serve Kingston Road. Route 502 Downtowner was originally named "Kingston Rd" while 503 Kingston Rd was originally named "Kingston Rd Tripper". The Kingston Rd route (today's 502 Downtowner) ran from the McCaul Loop to the Birchmount Loop until 1954 when it was cut back to the Bingham Loop. By 1968, the rush-hour route Kingston Rd Tripper (today's 503 Kingston Rd) was appearing in TTC Ride Guides. "Tripper" here means a rush-hour variant of a base route which in this case was the Kingston Rd route (today's 502 Downtowner).
In 1973, the Kingston Rd route was renamed to "Downtowner" (today's 502 Downtowner) with a route extension to Bathurst station that was revoked in 1984. Also in 1973, with the renaming of "Kingston Rd" to "Downtowner", the Kingston Rd Tripper became simply "Kingston Rd" and ultimately the 503 Kingston Rd.
Until December 29, 2015, the 503 Kingston Rd route operated with streetcars from Bingham Loop (Victoria Park and Kingston Road) to York Street (via King, Church and Wellington Streets), after which temporary replacement bus service served the route also from Bingham Loop to York Street. Starting June 19, 2017, streetcars resumed operating on the route but to Spadina Avenue (Charlotte Loop) instead of York Street as the western terminal.
From July 31, 2017, until February 16, 2018, buses replaced streetcars on the 503 Kingston Rd route due to a shortage of streetcars resulting from the late delivery of the new Bombardier Flexity Outlook streetcars. The buses operated from Bingham Loop to York Street.
On February 20, 2018, streetcars returned to route 503 Kingston Rd running from Bingham Loop to Spadina Avenue. However, the roles of routes 502 Downtowner and 503 Kingston Rd were reversed. Prior to that date, route 502 provided base workday service supplemented by route 503 in the rush hours. Since that date, route 503 provides base service while route 502 provides rush-hour-only service. These changes were to support the King Street Pilot Project which resulted in increased ridership along downtown King Street. However, effective September 2, 2018, these changes were reversed, but 503 Kingston Rd continued to operate with streetcar service west to Spadina Avenue.
On January 7, 2019, the 503 route returned to shuttle bus operation to accommodate construction along Wellington Street. Buses used York street as the western terminal. Effective September 3, 2019, the 502 Downtowner service was suspended and replaced with the 503 Kingston Rd service to accommodate some construction projects. Route 503 service was upgraded to operating weekdays excluding evenings instead of just during rush hours. The construction projects ended in November 2019; however, the consolidation of Kingston Road service into 503 Kingston Rd remained in effect.
In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a loss of ridership on the TTC. As a result, on March 24 the TTC shortened the 503 Kingston Rd route to run only along Kingston Road between Bingham Loop and Woodbine Loop. Then, effective May 11, the 22A Coxwell bus replaced the remainder of the 503 route full-time
On June 22, 2020, streetcar service returned to the route, running from Bingham Loop to Spadina Avenue (Charlotte Loop). Service was provided by the low-floor, accessible Flexity Outlook streetcars. The return of streetcars along 503 Kingston Rd coincided with the withdrawal of streetcars on 506 Carlton due to construction projects. From east to west:
Upper Beaches
Leslieville
South Riverdale
George Brown College
Financial District


The dwarf black stingray (Hemitrygon parvonigra) is a little-known species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, found off northwestern Australia and perhaps throughout Southeast Asia at depths of 60–185 m (197–607 ft). Growing to a width of 51 cm (20 in), this species is characterized by an angular, diamond-shaped pectoral fin disc with a short row of spear-like thorns along the midline of the back and few dermal denticles elsewhere. Its tail bears a long fin fold along the bottom and a much shorter ridge along the top, both past the stinging spine. Plain brownish in color above, this ray can range from light to very dark. In some parts of its range, this species is occasionally caught incidentally by fisheries and sold for meat.<PIC> Peter Last and William White described the dwarf black stingray in a 2008 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) publication; it had previously been termed Dasyatis "sp. A". The new stingray was given the specific epithet parvonigra, from the Latin parvus ("little") and nigra ("black"), because of its superficial resemblance to the much larger black stingray (B. thetidis). The type specimen is a male 38 cm (15 in) across, collected north of Cape Lambert in Western Australia. This species seems to be most related to the longtail stingray (H. longus), and belongs to a poorly known species complex that also includes the red stingray (H. akajei). The dwarf black stingray has been found off northwestern Australia (north of Port Hedland), Indonesia (including Bali and Sabah in Borneo), and Malaysia. Possible records also exist off West Papua and the Philippines, suggesting it has a wide range. Australian rays inhabit the outer continental shelf at a depth of 125–185 m (410–607 ft), while Indonesian rays occur over insular and continental shelves at a depth of 60–125 m (197–410 ft). It is bottom-dwelling in nature. The dwarf black stingray has a diamond-shaped pectoral fin disc slightly wider than long, with rather angular outer corners and nearly straight anterior corners. The snout is a broadly triangular, with a pointed tip. The eyes are large and elevated, and immediately followed by larger spiracles. There is a wide, skirt-shaped curtain of skin with a minutely fringed posterior margin between the short, oval nostrils. The medium-sized mouth forms a strong arch, and contains four papillae (nipple-like structures) across the floor and an additional, tiny papilla near the corner of each jaw. The teeth are small and number approximately 43 rows in either jaw; those toward the center of the jaw have long, thin cusps, while those toward the corners have very low crowns. The five pairs of gill slits are slightly S-shaped. The pelvic fins are small with nearly straight margins; males have rather flattened claspers.
The tail measures around 1.5 times as long as the disc and is relatively broad and flattened at the base. One, rarely two serrated stinging spines are dorsally placed about a third of a disc width back from the tail base. Beyond the sting, the tail becomes thin and whip-like, bearing a long, low ventral fin fold and a much shorter dorsal ridge. There is a short row of closely spaced, spear-shaped thorns along the midline of the back, starting behind the head; 1–2 small, seed-shaped thorns are also present on each "shoulder". This species is a plain ochre to dark grayish brown above, becoming lighter towards the disc margins, on the thorns, and past the sting, and white below. Reaching 51 cm (20 in) across and 1.1 m (3.6 ft) long, the dwarf black stingray is less than a third as wide as the 1.8 m (5.9 ft) wide black stingray. The two species also differ in denticle coverage and meristic counts. Virtually nothing is known of the dwarf black stingray's natural history. It is presumably aplacental viviparous, with the developing embryos sustained by maternally produced histotroph ("uterine milk") as in other stingrays. Males attain sexual maturity at around 35 cm (14 in) across. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has not assessed the status of the dwarf black stingray. In Indonesian waters, it contributes to the bycatch of bottom trawl and trammel net fisheries, and is sold for meat.


Breiz Atao (also Breizh Atao) (in Breton Brittany For Ever cf. Breizh atav), was a Breton nationalist journal in the mid-twentieth century. It was written in French, and has always been considered as a French nationalist journal by the non-francized Bretons. The term is also used for the broader movement associated with the journal's political position.
Founded in 1918 in the aftermath of World War I, Breiz Atao would exist throughout the inter-war years. It was highly influenced by the Irish War of Independence, which began in 1916 and whose aftermath ran into the 1920s. Early on it adopted an official pan-Celtic policy, and a strong pan-Latin use of the French language. In its later years it became associated with a Nordicist blood and soil ideology with aspects in common with Nazism. It ceased  publication in 1940, but was revived for an individual issue that appeared in 1944.  The journal was first published in January 1919. Initially the editorial group focussed mostly on cultural aspects of Brittany, but very soon the journal evolved into the official forum of the Breton French-speaking autonomist movement. Its founders were Camille Le Mercier d'Erm, Job Loyant, Morvan Marchal and Job de Roincé. It was founded by the Groupe Régionaliste Breton, presided by Job Breiz, collaborating with Korentin Kerlann). They were soon joined by young French speaking intellectuals Yann Bricler, Olier Mordrel and François Debauvais, who soon took up important roles within the group.
Breiz Atao organised a congress (in French) in September 1927 in Rosporden at which the Breton Autonomist Party (Parti Autonomiste Breton, or PAB) was founded. At its first meeting Maurice Duhamel was charged with maintaining links with wider French speaking political movements in France, in particular the French left wing, and became chief-editor of Breiz Atao. He gave the PAB a leftist and federalistic stance.
However during the 11 April 1931 congress, the PAB fractured into different factions. The factionalism led to the abandonment of the journal Breiz Atao, which was briefly replaced by the journal "War Sao", run by the nationalist faction in Trégor, Goëlo and Cornouaille, who were preaching (in French) full Breton independence. On 27 December 1931, in Landerneau, the first congress of the new Parti National Breton took place. Breiz Atao reappeared as the mouthpiece of the militants led by Olier Mordrel and François Debauvais.
In March 1933, Breiz Atao published  a draft political programme, drawn up by Mordrel. In this program, Mordrel created a proposed constitution for an independent Breton state, to which the French state should concede some of its resources, including overseas colonies, art, libraries, industrial equipment etc. Its borders would be determined "by way of a plebiscite". He also suggested the exclusion of foreigners from citizenship, and of all persons of mixed race; people from a Nordic background would be given preference. The new state should ensure "control of youth's education, designed to make men physically and morally healthy".
In July 1940, at a Pontivy congress, Debeauvis and Mordrel decided on editing a new journal, L'Heure Bretonne (The Breton Hour). This journal succeeded Breiz Atao. However Célestin Lainé, head of Bezen Perrot, an SS-affiliated militia, printed a one-off special issue in 1944, containing the recently deceased Debeauvais's statement of support for Lainé's activities.<PIC>


Eugenio Calabi (born 11 May 1923) is an Italian-born American mathematician and the Thomas A. Scott Professor of Mathematics, Emeritus, at the University of Pennsylvania, specializing in differential geometry, partial differential equations and their applications.<PIC> Calabi was a Putnam Fellow as an undergraduate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1946. He received his Ph.D. in mathematics from Princeton University in 1950 after completing a doctoral dissertation, titled "Isometric complex analytic imbedding of Kahler manifolds", under the supervision of Salomon Bochner. He later obtained a professorship at the University of Minnesota.
In 1964, Calabi joined the mathematics faculty at the University of Pennsylvania. Following the retirement of the German-born American mathematician Hans Rademacher, he was appointed to the Thomas A. Scott Professorship of Mathematics at the University of  Pennsylvania in 1967.  He won the Steele Prize from the American Mathematical Society in 1991 for his work in differential geometry. In 1994, Calabi assumed emeritus status. In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society. In 2021, he was awarded Commander of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic. Calabi has made a number of fundamental contributions to the field of differential geometry. Other contributions, not discussed here, include the construction of a holomorphic version of the long line with Maxwell Rosenlicht, a study of the moduli space of space forms, a characterization of when a metric can be found so that a given differential form is harmonic, and various works on affine geometry. In the comments on his collected works in 2021, Calabi cited his article Improper affine hyperspheres of convex type and a generalization of a theorem by K. Jörgens as that which he is "most proud of". At the 1954 International Congress of Mathematicians, Calabi announced a theorem on how the Ricci curvature of a Kähler metric could be prescribed. He later found that his proof, via the method of continuity, was flawed, and the result became known as the Calabi conjecture. In 1957, Calabi published a paper in which the conjecture was stated as a proposition, but with an openly incomplete proof. He gave a complete proof that any solution of the problem must be uniquely defined, but was only able to reduce the problem of existence to the problem of establishing a priori estimates for certain partial differential equations. In the 1970s, Shing-Tung Yau began working on the Calabi conjecture, initially attempting to disprove it. After several years of work, he found a proof of the conjecture, and was able to establish several striking algebro-geometric consequences of its validity. As a particular case of the conjecture, Kähler metrics with zero Ricci curvature are established on a number of complex manifolds; these are now known as Calabi–Yau metrics. They have become significant in string theory research since the 1980s.
In 1982, Calabi introduced a geometric flow, now known as the Calabi flow, as a proposal for finding Kähler metrics of constant scalar curvature. More broadly, Calabi introduced the notion of an extremal Kähler metric, and established (among other results) that they provide strict global minima of the Calabi functional and that any constant scalar curvature metric is also a global minimum. Later, Calabi and Xiuxiong Chen made an extensive study of the metric introduced by Toshiki Mabuchi, and showed that the Calabi flow contracts the Mabuchi distance between any two Kähler metrics. Furthermore, they showed that the Mabuchi metric endows the space of Kähler metrics with the structure of a Alexandrov space of nonpositive curvature. The technical difficulty of their work is that geodesics in their infinite-dimensional context may have low differentiability.
A well-known construction of Calabi's puts complete Kähler metrics on the total spaces of hermitian vector bundles whose curvature is bounded below. In the case that the base is a complete Kähler–Einstein manifold and the vector bundle has rank one and constant curvature, one obtains a complete Kähler–Einstein metric on the total space. In the case of the cotangent bundle of a complex space form, one obtains a hyper-Kähler metric. The Eguchi–Hanson space is a special case of Calabi's construction. Calabi found the Laplacian comparison theorem in Riemannian geometry, which relates the Laplace–Beltrami operator, as applied to the Riemannian distance function, to the Ricci curvature. The Riemannian distance function is generally not differentiable everywhere, which poses a difficulty in formulating a global version of the theorem. Calabi made use of a generalized notion of differential inequalities, predating the later viscosity solutions introduced by Michael Crandall and Pierre-Louis Lions. By extending the strong maximum principle of Eberhard Hopf to his notion of viscosity solutions, Calabi was able to use his Laplacian comparison theorem to extend recent results of Joseph Keller and Robert Osserman to Riemannian contexts. Further extensions, based on different uses of the maximum principle, were later found by Shiu-Yuen Cheng and Yau, among others.
In parallel to the classical Bernstein problem for minimal surfaces, Calabi considered the analogous problem for maximal surfaces, settling the question in low dimensions. An unconditional answer was found later by Cheng and Yau, making use of the Calabi trick that Calabi had pioneered to circumvent the non-differentiability of the Riemannian distance function. In analogous work, Calabi had earlier considered the convex solutions of the Monge–Ampère equation which are defined on all of Euclidean space and with 'right-hand side' equal to one. Konrad Jörgens had earlier studied this problem for functions of two variables, proving that any solution is a quadratic polynomial. By interpreting the problem as one of affine geometry, Calabi was able to apply his earlier work on the Laplacian comparison theorem to extend Jörgens' work to some higher dimensions. The problem was completely resolved later by Aleksei Pogorelov, and the result is commonly known as the Jörgens–Calabi–Pogorelov theorem.
Later, Calabi considered the problem of affine hyperspheres, first characterizing such surfaces as those for which the Legendre transform solves a certain Monge–Ampère equation. By adapting his earlier methods in extending Jörgens' theorem, Calabi was able to classify the complete affine elliptic hyperspheres. Further results were later obtained by Cheng and Yau. Calabi and Beno Eckmann discovered the Calabi–Eckmann manifold in 1953. It is notable as a simply-connected complex manifold which does not admit any Kähler metrics.
Inspired by recent work of Kunihiko Kodaira, Calabi and Edoardo Vesentini considered the infinitesimal rigidity of compact holomorphic quotients of Cartan domains. Making use of the Bochner technique and Kodaira's developments of sheaf cohomology, they proved the rigidity of higher-dimensional cases. Their work was a major influence on the later work of George Mostow and Grigori Margulis, who established their renowned global rigidity results out of attempts to understand infinitesimal rigidity results such as Calabi and Vesentini's, along with related works by Atle Selberg and André Weil.
Calabi and Lawrence Markus considered the problem of space forms of positive curvature in Lorentzian geometry. Their results, which Joseph Wolf considered "very surprising", assert that the fundamental group must be finite, and that the corresponding group of isometries of de Sitter spacetime (under an orientability condition) will act faithfully by isometries on an equatorial sphere. As such, their space form problem reduces to the problem of Riemannian space forms of positive curvature.
Renowned work of John Nash in the 1950s considered the problem of isometric embeddings. His work showed that such embeddings are very flexible and deformable. In his Ph.D. thesis, Calabi had previously considered the special case of holomorphic isometric embeddings into complex-geometric space forms. A striking result of his shows that such embeddings are completely determined by the intrinsic geometry and the curvature of the space form in question. Moreover, he was able to study the problem of existence via his introduction of the diastatic function, which is a locally defined function built from Kähler potentials and which mimics the Riemannian distance function. Calabi proved that a holomorphic isometric embedding must preserve the diastatic function. As a consequence, he was able to obtain a criterion for local existence of holomorphic isometric embeddings.
Later, Calabi studied the two-dimensional minimal surfaces (of high codimension) in round spheres. He proved that the area of topologically spherical minimal surfaces can only take on a discrete set of values, and that the surfaces themselves are classified by rational curves in a certain hermitian symmetric space. Calabi is the author of fewer than fifty research articles. A large proportion of them have become a major part of the research literature.
Calabi's collected works were published in 2021:
Calabi, Eugenio (2021).  Bourguignon, Jean-Pierre; Chen, Xiuxiong; Donaldson, Simon (eds.). Collected Works. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-662-62133-2. Zbl 1457.32001.


Thomas Kinnicut Beecher (February 10, 1824 - March 14, 1900) was a Congregationalist preacher and the principal of several schools. As a Congregational minister, his father took the family from Beecher's birthplace of Litchfield, Connecticut, to Boston, Massachusetts, and Cincinnati, Ohio, by 1832.
After college and some teaching experience, Beecher later settled in Elmira, New York, where he was minister of a Congregational church. His services became popular and he presided over construction at a new church to accommodate the large congregation. Beecher became a close friend of writer Sam Clemens (Mark Twain) and presided at Clemens' marriage to Olivia Langdon. A memorial statue was erected to him in Elmira, where he worked and lived most of his life.<PIC> Thomas K. Beecher was born in Litchfield, Connecticut to Lyman Beecher and his wife Harriet Porter. His father was a minister in the Congregational Church and the family was raised as observing Christians. Thomas Beecher was one of thirteen children, including Henry Ward (who became a noted minister and abolitionist activist), William, Catherine, Edward, Mary, George, Harriet (later known as an anti-slavery activist and author of Uncle Tom's Cabin), Charles, Isabella, and James Beecher.
Following Lyman Beecher, their father, Thomas' brother Henry Ward and later Thomas also became ministers.
In 1826 the family moved to Boston, Massachusetts. Several years later, their father was called to another church and they moved to Cincinnati, Ohio in 1832.
From 1836 to 1839 Beecher went to preparatory school in Marietta, Ohio. In 1839 he attended college in Jacksonville, Illinois; he graduated in 1843. He spent a year with his father in Cincinnati and a year with his brother and minister, Henry Ward Beecher, in Indianapolis, studying theology. Beecher worked for a year at the Ohio Medical University, as an aid to the professor of chemistry and pharmacy. Beecher worked formally in several educational institutions. In 1846 he became the principal of the North-East Grammar School in Philadelphia. From 1848 to 1851, he was the head of the High School in Hartford, Connecticut.
Beecher married Olivia Day in 1851; she died two years later.
Thomas Beecher was ordained at age 28, and he began his preaching career in Brooklyn, in the area of Williamsburg. His brother Henry Ward Beecher had a congregation in Brooklyn. Beecher moved to Elmira, New York, in 1854 and took residence at the Gleason Sanitarium on Watercure Hill. This was an area of sanitariums established for treatment of tuberculosis (TB), which had no known cure. A combination of rest and good, cold, dry air was considered beneficial. In 1857 a cottage was built for him near the Sanitarium. It was a Victorian home with its own library; it had an artesian well in the basement, where Beecher would take plunge baths. After teaching in public schools in other places, in 1854 Beecher moved to Elmira, New York, to preach at a local Congregational church. There he became a close friend to the famous author Samuel Clemens ("Mark Twain").
In 1857 Beecher married his second wife, Julia Jones. She was his deceased wife's cousin, and granddaughter of Noah Webster, author of Webster's Dictionary. "When war broke out, Thomas Beecher worked indefatigably on behalf of the Union cause. He delivered numerous sermons denouncing secession and defending the Union.He also travelled throughout upstate New York to recruit badly needed troops for New York regiments. ...Beecher's joining the 141st New York Regiment in September of 1862—he was mustered in as chaplain on 12 September 1862
and discharged on 10 January 1863—was the culmination of his efforts on behalf of the Union cause."
In 1863 to aid the cause of the Union in the Civil War, which had been underway for two years, Beecher started a regiment with A.S. Diven (the Army depended on wealthier private individuals to recruit men and outfit them with arms, horses, and uniforms), the 107th regiment, which was soon sent to the front. Later, Beecher aided Colonel Hathaway in raising the 141st regiment and would go into the field with them as a chaplain, serving into 1864. He sailed to South America due to depleted health in November 1866. He returned 1 May 1867, feeling rejuvenated. Beecher was intimately involved with both teaching and preaching, as was typical of clergy. He also participated in a range of sports when his health was good enough: Baseball, target shooting, battledore (similar to badminton), cycling, cricket, and croquet. Beecher also enjoyed indoor games of euchre and billiards.
In 1870, along with the Rev. Joseph Twichell, he officiated over the marriage of Samuel Clemens ("Mark Twain") to Olivia Langdon. In 1854 Beecher went to the town of Elmira, New York to preach at the Independent Congregational Church. When his services became overcrowded, Beecher held the service at the newly constructed opera house and, weather permitting, at Eldridge Park.
When Beecher arrived, the church was a moderate-sized wooden structure. Now known as Park Church, it is located on the west side of Wisner Park on North Main Street in Elmira. The growing congregation overwhelmed it. After one of his popular services, he asked the congregation if they felt a new church was necessary. Estimates were that a suitable one would cost  fifty thousand dollars. The vote was almost unanimous in favor of a new church, and total pledges of about eighty thousand dollars were given toward that goal.
To support its community, the new church also had a facility for social gatherings and events such as banquets and parties, as well a large hall where the children could play. Beecher started a public library at the church, donating his personal collection. The church held two services; one in the morning, the other in the evening. (Beecher also ministered to the prisoners of the Elmira Prison Camp).
Later in life two services conducting two services was too taxing on Beecher's health, and he cancelled the evening service. To provide another forum, Beecher founded a club of male youths, who would meet on Tuesday nights. Beecher would ask them to report on something interesting they observed during the previous week. He also sent his pupils to mechanics, locomotive shops and other places, in order to learn through observation.
During his preaching career in Elmira, Beecher was the head of the Sunday school run by the Park Church. It had about 700 members, ranging in age from five to past fifty. Different classes were led by volunteers. Thomas K. Beecher died 14 March 1900, aged 76 years. At his funeral service both a priest and a rabbi spoke. His wife Julia survived him.
A statue in Beecher's honor was erected at Wisner Park.
T.K. Beecher Elementary School, located in Elmira, was named in his honor.


Gian Luca Waldschmidt (born 19 May 1996) is a German professional footballer who plays as a forward for Bundesliga club VfL Wolfsburg and the Germany national team. He developed through the academy of Eintracht Frankfurt and has represented Germany at various levels.  A forward, Waldschmidt began his youth career in 2001 with SSV Oranien Frohnhausen and had youth spells at SSC Juno Burg and TSG Wieseck before joining the Eintracht Frankfurt academy in 2010.
On 25 April 2014, Waldschmidt signed his first professional contract, a three-year deal. This saw him promoted to the first team, although he would still appear for the under-19 team. Exactly one year later, on 25 April 2015, Waldschmidt made his Bundesliga debut, as a 73rd-minute substitute for Sonny Kittel in a 0–2 home loss to Borussia Dortmund. He scored his first goal for Eintracht Frankfurt on 8 August in a 3–0 win over Bremer SV in the first round of the German cup. On 30 June 2016, Waldschmidt signed for Hamburger SV on a four-year contract.  He made his first appearance for the Hamburg club in the Bundesliga in a 0–4 home loss to RB Leipzig on 17 September, coming on as a substitute in the 83rd minute, replacing Bobby Wood. He scored his first goal for the club a few seconds after coming on, in a 4–0 win over Hallescher FC on 24 October, in a second-round cup fixture. On 20 May 2017, the last round of the 2016–17 Bundesliga season, Waldschmidt scored his first Bundesliga-goal, the decisive goal in a 2–1 win over relegation rivals VfL Wolfsburg, in the 88th minute - two minutes after being substituted in. The goal meant that Hamburger SV avoided Bundesliga relegation play-offs for the first time in four years. In the following season, Waldschmidt made 21 league appearances in which he scored one goal. At the end of the season, Hamburger SV were relegated to the 2. Bundesliga for the first time in the Bundesliga's 55-year history. In May 2018, SC Freiburg announced they had signed Waldschmidt for the 2018–19 season from Hamburger SV, newly relegated to the 2. Bundesliga. The club reportedly triggered a €5 million release clause. He finished his first campaign for the club with 30 appearances and nine goals. On 14 August 2020, Benfica announced the signing of Waldschmidt on a five-year deal for 15 million euros. Waldschmidt scored twice on his Benfica debut, a 5–1 Primeira Liga win over Famalicão on 18 September 2020.<PIC> On 22 August 2021, Waldschmidt returned to Germany, signing a four-year contract with VfL Wolfsburg. Waldschmidt has represented the Germany national youth football team at U16, U17, U18, U19 and U21 level. He finished as the top scorer of the 2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, where he scored seven goals, breaking the previous record of his compatriot, Pierre Littbarski, who scored six goals in the 1982 UEFA European Under-21 Championship.
A few months later, on 29 August, he was called up to Joachim Löw's senior squad for UEFA Euro 2020 qualifiers against Netherlands and Czech Republic. He made his Germany national football team debut on 9 October 2019 in a friendly against Argentina. He started the game and played the whole match. He scored his first goal on 7 October 2020, against Turkey in a friendly game. Luca Waldschmidt is the son of Wolfgang Waldschmidt, who made 14 appearances for SV Darmstadt 98 in the 1983–84 2. Bundesliga season.  As of match played 20 March 2022
Appearances in UEFA Europa League
Appearance in Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira
Appearances in UEFA Champions League  Germany U21
UEFA European Under-21 Championship runner-up: 2019
Individual
UEFA European Under-21 Championship Golden Boot: 2019
UEFA European Under-21 Championship Team of the Tournament: 2019


The Short Type 320, also known as the Short Admiralty Type 320, was a British two-seat reconnaissance, bombing and torpedo-carrying "folder" seaplane of the First World War.<PIC> The Short Type 320 was designed to meet an official requirement for a seaplane to carry a Mark IX torpedo. It was larger than the earlier Short 184, and was a typical Short folder design of the time, with two-bay uneven span wings. Two prototypes were built, powered by a 310 hp Sunbeam Cossack engine, and initially known as the Short 310 Type A from the engine fitted to the prototypes. When the torpedo bomber went into production, it was powered by a 320 hp (238 kW) Cossack engine which was the origin of the name, Type 320.
At the same time as Shorts was designing the 310 Type A torpedo bomber, it produced a similar design for a patrol floatplane, powered by the same Cossack engine and using the same fuselage, but with equal-span three-bay wings, instead of the uneven- span wings of the torpedo bomber, known as the Short 310 Type B or North Sea Scout, and two prototypes were ordered.
Priority was given to the torpedo bomber; the first was ready in July 1916, the second in August that year, and the prototypes were rushed to the Adriatic. In September 1916, the first prototype patrol aircraft was finished, but it proved to be little better than the Short 184 already in service, and was not ordered into production. The second prototype, Type B, was completed as a type A torpedo bomber.
As with conventional biplane floatplanes, the torpedo was carried between the bottom of the fuselage and the floats. Unusually, the aircraft was flown from the rear cockpit, although this did cause a problem for an observer in the front seat. The observer had to stand on the coaming to use the machine-gun, which was level with the top wing. When a torpedo was carried, the aircraft could not fly with an observer at the same time.
The first order placed with Shorts was for 30 aircraft, followed by orders for a further 24 and 20 aircraft, together with orders for a further 30 and 20 placed at Sunbeam.  Together with the three prototypes, this gave a total production of 127 Short Type 320s. In February 1917, 25 aircraft were ordered, and before the end of April 1917, examples were delivered to the Royal Naval Air Service in Italy. Two accidents with the aircraft, when the fuselage collapsed after the torpedo was released, delayed its use on operations. The cause was later found to be the method of securing the fuselage bracing wires.
The first operational use was on 2 September 1917, when six aircraft (five with torpedoes and one with bombs) were towed on rafts fifty miles south of Traste Bay to enable them to attack enemy submarines lying off Cattaro. They had to be towed into position as they could not carry enough fuel with a torpedo for the mission. The operation did not go well; with a gale-force wind and heavy seas, two of the aircraft failed to take off, so the operation was abandoned. On the return journey, one aircraft was lost and the others were damaged. It appears that the Type 320 never launched a torpedo in action.
In February 1918, due to the lack of operational experience, four aircraft were operated from Calshot for experiments with launching the torpedoes. Forty drops were made, and proved a valuable source of information about torpedoes entering the water when dropped at different heights and speeds. The aircraft continued to be used as reconnaissance seaplanes until the end of the war.  Japan
Imperial Japanese Navy, one only
 United Kingdom
Royal Air Force
No. 229 Squadron RAF
No. 240 Squadron RAF
No. 248 Squadron RAF
No. 263 Squadron RAF
No. 266 Squadron RAF
No. 268 Squadron RAF
Royal Naval Air Service
No. 6 Wing - Italy Data from The Short Seaplanes
General characteristics
Length: 45 ft 9 in (13.94 m)
Upper wingspan: 75 ft 0 in (22.86 m)
Lower wingspan: 46 ft 9+1⁄2 in (14.262 m)
Height: 17 ft 6 in (5.33 m)
Wing area: 810 sq ft (75 m²)
Empty weight: 4,933 lb (2,238 kg)
Gross weight: 7,014 lb (3,181 kg)
Powerplant: 1 × Sunbeam Cossack water-cooled V12 engine, 320 hp (240 kW)
Performance
Maximum speed: 72.5 mph (116.7 km/h, 63.0 kn)
Endurance: 6 hr
Service ceiling: 3,000 ft (910 m)
Armament
Guns: 1× .303 in (7.7mm) Lewis gun on Scarff ring
Bombs:
1 × 18-inch torpedo or
2 × 230 lb (104 kg) bombs


Elias Cornelius (1794–1832) was an American Christian missionary and ordained minister.<PIC> Elias Cornelius' father was also named Elias Cornelius (1758–1823), and his mother was Rachel Stocker. His father had joined the American Revolutionary War as a surgeon after some rudimentary training, but was taken prisoner on 22 August 1777. Cornelius met Ethan Allen in prison, but escaped on 16 January 1778, and rejoined the Continental Army.
Elias Cornelius was born 30 July 1794 in Somers, Westchester County, New York.
At the age of sixteen, he began his college career at Yale College. After his undergraduate years, Cornelius continued to study theology at the Yale Divinity School under Timothy Dwight IV.
He was licensed to preach on 4 June 1816 by the South Association of Congregational ministers, and appointed agent of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM).
As ABCFM agent Cornelius traveled to many cities and towns in the northeastern states including Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Maryland, preaching sermons and raising money. The majority of the money raised was to support the conversion of the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indian tribes to Christianity. It was also to be used to establish schools within these nations. Cornelius continued to preach and fundraise as he traveled south where he finally ended in Northwest Georgia, near Cartersville in 1817.  He spent 18 months there and it was at this location that he encountered the Cherokee tribe who led him to the Etowah Indian Mounds. Cornelius wrote in his journal about his visit and the journal became the first published account of a white person visiting the mounds. Neither Cornelius nor the group of Cherokee who led him to the site knew the relevance or purpose of the mounds at that time. It was later discovered that the mounds were used as burial sites as well as residential areas and temples.
In September 1818, Cornelius married Mary Hooker, daughter of Asabel Hooker (minister of Goshen, Connecticut), descendants of Thomas Hooker (1586–1647).
Their children were:
Elias Cornelius III, born 13 August 1819, married Lydia Francis Gray, and died 7 December 1857.
Mary Hooker Cornelius, born 3 July 1821.
Thomas Hooker Cornelius, born 17 March 1823 and died 18 November 1853 in San Francisco.
Edward Hooker Cornelius, born 10 September 1825 and died 29 April 1864 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Sarah Edwards Cornelius, born 14 February 1830, married George B. Little in 1850, and had two daughters.
Jeremiah Evarts Cornelius, born 25 December 1831, married Sarah Fenner Storrs (daughter of William L. Storrs)  in 1862, had a son and a daughter, and died 4 March 1896.
On 22 July 1819, Cornelius became associate pastor of the Tabernacle Church in Salem, Massachusetts.
After the death of Jeremiah Evarts, Cornelius was named secretary of the ABCFM in October 1831, but became ill. He died on 12 February 1832.
Elias Boudinot, one of the students Cornelius introduced to the Foreign Mission School became a later Cherokee National leader and named his son Elias Cornelius Boudinot in honour of Cornelius. Elias Cornelius Boudinot grew up to be a colonel in the Confederate States Army


Guilderland High School is a public senior high school, located in Guilderland Center, New York.  It is part of the Guilderland Central School District.  Constructed in 1953, the high school has since undergone additions in 1955, 1960, 1997, 2010, and 2021.  Originally, the building functioned as a Junior-Senior High School, but after the construction of Farnsworth Middle School in 1970, the district divided the schools into two. As a school, Guilderland High School's enrollment jurisdiction also includes the village of Altamont, NY and the North Bethlehem neighborhood of Bethlehem, NY.
Currently, the school runs on block scheduling.<PIC> Guilderland High School boasts a variety of different course levels and types to accommodate the different needs of students.  Types include Advanced Placement, SUPA (Syracuse University Project Advance), Honors, Regents, Core, Focus, Vo-Tech, ESL, as well as various additional college programs. This school also is included in the Project Lead The Way course (PLTW) along with other schools in the United States. Guilderland High School offers numerous opportunities for students to take Advanced Placement examinations, as well as place a year ahead in various courses.  Advanced course standing may first be attained when a student is in eighth grade.
Accelerated foreign language study is available for students in French and Spanish during a student's freshman year.  The "2A" course selection allows for two years of study condensed into one year.  Therefore, a student is able to progress from "French 2A" directly to "French 4." Effectively the acceleration allows for a one-year advancement in foreign language study.
Additionally, Guilderland High School offers numerous Advanced Placement courses to its students. Decision to enroll in AP courses is at the discretion of the student and his or her guidance counselor, though teacher recommendations may also be influential.  At present, AP courses available to GHS students include European History, American History, English Language, English Literature, Calculus AB, Calculus BC, Chemistry, Music Theory, Studio Art, US Government and Politics, Physics, and Computer Science, but students have been known to take the Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, Biology, Statistics, Psychology, and Human Geography exams after self-preparation and/or preparation in non-AP classes. Guilderland High School is also known for its theatre program.  The group, called the Guilderland Players, was organized in the 1968-69 school year by English teacher Bob Scrafford, but did not put on their first performance, Bye Bye Birdie, until the next year. Musicals were directed for many years by the inimitable Fred Heitkamp. Producing two shows each year, a drama in the fall and a musical in the spring, the Guilderland Players, known as 'GP' by its members, is one of the largest extracurricular activities at Guilderland High School, including more than one hundred students in its cast, stage crew, and pit. It is staffed by John Fatuzzo (Pit Conductor), Claudia Golub (music director), and Andy Maycock (director). The Guilderland Players' 2006 production of Steel Pier won the SLOC Award for 'Best Choreography.' Various alumni of the Guilderland Players have also gone on to other acting opportunities, including appearing on the TV show American Dreams, the Original Broadway Cast of La Bohème, and in the cast of multiple seasons of Park Playhouse.
Lyle E Warner, English teacher, also directed plays 1971-1973, one I remember was Lost Horizons. Guilderland High School is home to an award-winning music department. Consisting of six credit-bearing ensembles and four extracurricular ensembles, the department holds many concerts a year in addition to participating in other events or area concerts.
The Concert Orchestra and Symphony Orchestra are directed by Susan Curro.  She also directs the Chamber Strings, an extracurricular ensemble consisting of approximately 15 string players, with occasional guest winds, including many players in the Empire State Youth and Repertory Orchestras.  The orchestra was featured on WMHT's Music for the Holidays program in 2004.  The Wind Ensemble is directed by Kathleen Richards Ehlinger. Ehlinger, a trumpetist for the Tri City Brass Quintet, is a graduate of the Crane School of Music in Potsdam, New York and George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. She also directs the Guilderland Town Band during the summer and is an active clinician throughout the state. The Wind Ensemble, traveled to Annapolis, Maryland in April 2007 for a music festival and received the award for best instrumental group.  The oboe section also received the best section award.  In addition, the ensemble received a rating of Gold with Distinction at its NYSSMA evaluation in 2007 and 2008. Symphonic Band and the extracurricular  Jazz Band are directed by John Fatuzzo, a recent graduate of the Crane School of Music.  Jazz Band is composed of many members of the Empire State Jazz Ensembles.
The Women's Choir and Concert Choir are directed by Claudia Golub. Golub also conducts the extracurricular Chamber Choir, a select group of 16-24 singers. In December 2006, the Chamber Choir performed at the NYSSMA Convention in Rochester, NY. In March 2007, the ensemble won the New York State High School A Cappella Championship.  They have also appeared at the Albany Pro Musica High School Choral Festival and on WMHT's Music for the Holidays.  The  Mixed Choir is conducted by Shannon deFrancqueville.  The Mixed Choir, with the Women's Choir, performed at the State Capitol as part of Music in Our Schools Month in 2007.
The music department also offers AP Music Theory, Music Theory I, Music Technology I and II, and  Music in Our Lives, as courses for credit.  Students also have the option of taking Applied Music, whether they are members of the music department or not.  Credit can be received for regular private music lessons and regular practice, with occasional performance examinations.  The school has an award-winning student newspaper named The Journal, which is published seven times in the school year.  The school's Media Club produces a live televised news program The GHS Reporter that runs at the start of homeroom prior to the televised announcements, replays on Time Warner Cable Educational-access television cable TV Channel 16 in Guilderland, and is available to view in the Media's YouTube channel here where you can view livestreams of athletic events, Board of Education meetings, graduations, concerts, informational meetings like Admissions nights, feature segments in the GHS Reporter, skits, and the GHS Reporter itself.
The GHS Reporter covers many stories each show, such as the ones seen here  and here.
In the 2005-2006 school year, the GHS Reporter won an award in New York City for a production titled "Motivation" that was produced during the 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 school years.  The video was centered on the club's trip to New York City and the various news packages produced.  Three packages were made: Fleet Week, Safety and Security, and the Impact of 9/11 on Surrounding Businesses. Students from the Guilderland High School Media Club as well as the student newspaper The Journal participated.
Guilderland High School also features the yearly "Graffiti" Literary Magazine, run by students to publish poems, stories, and other literary works.
The Journal has won numerous student journalism awards. The newspaper commonly receives multiple awards at the Empire State Student Press Association's annual convention, including awards for Best Overall Newspaper, Best Design and individual writing, design, photography and graphics awards. The Journal was awarded Best Overall Newspaper by the New York State Press Association in the high school newspaper category in 2005 Better Newspaper Contest, in addition to a Best Design award and individual awards for writing. The student body of Guilderland High School is represented by the GHS Student Government, a group of elected and appointed officers and volunteers who serve both to serve as a link between the student body and administration, and also to improve student life by hosting events and aiding clubs among other duties. Guilderland's athletes are known as the Flying Dutchmen. The district offers 19 sports at all levels.  Guilderland is home to one of the top cross-country programs in the Northeast, a strong tennis program, a skilled boys' soccer team that won the Class A State Championship in 1989, the 2006, 2007 and 2008 co-ed cheerleading national champions, the 2007 New York State Section II Class A Girls' lacrosse team and New York State's 2007 section 2 class AA champion baseball team.  In 2007, the baseball team won its first title since the 1970s and the girls' lacrosse team ended Bethlehem High School's run of eight titles to win their first ever Section II and Suburban Council Title. Also in 2008, the football team became the first in school history to make it to the Section II Class AA Finals, while the boys' lacrosse team competed in the Suburban Council final.  That same year, the girls' cross country team attended the prestigious Federation Cross Country Meet for the first time since 1999, where they placed tenth out of 28 teams. The 2008 girls' lacrosse team repeated what it had accomplished in 2007 by winning back to back Suburban Council and Section II Championships.  It went on to become Regional Champions that year after defeating Lakeland-Panas High school and Kingston high school. The 2008 boys' soccer team went undefeated with 22 wins (the most in school history) on their way to their first Section II championship since 1997. They were also ranked 15th on ESPN's list of Top 50 Boys' Soccer Teams. In 2005, the boys' Tennis team went 16-0 and won the Suburban Council Championship over Bethlehem High School, and in 2011, the boys' tennis Team went 11-3 and won the Suburban Council Championship over Bethlehem Highschool.  In 2009 the Wrestling team placed 3rd in the Section II State Qualifier.  They also had six wrestlers place in Section II.  In 2010 one of the senior captains was featured as WNYT's High School Player of the Week.
Each Year the graduating class of Guilderland High School collects a "Senior Superlative" survey to be presented in the yearbook. Superlatives include Best Friends, Best Smile, Easiest to talk to, Best Laugh, etc. Guilderland High School sponsors dozens of student-organizations, each advised and supervised by a teacher who may participate in the club's activities. They include but are not limited to:
Alliance, Best Buddies, Chess Club, S.T.A.T.I.C. (Christian Fellowship), Debate Club, English Club, Environmental Club, Future Business Leaders of America (FBLA), Free the Children, German Club, Graffiti - Literary Magazine, the Guilderland Players, International Club/Cultural Fair, Jewish Student Union (JSU) Journal Newspaper, Key Club International,  Math League, Masterminds, Media Club, Medical Club (Club Med), Model United Nations, Music Council, National Honor Society, Natural Helpers, Peer Network, Philosophy Club, Ski Club, Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD), Students for Improving Health Care (SIHC), Student Government, Students/Teachers Against Racism (STAR), Students Environmental Action Coalition, Travel Club, Tri-M Music Honor Society, Young Democrats of America, Yearbook - Tawasenthan, and Youth Ending Hunger.
The school's Math League is a member of the New York Math League, a contest consisting of six timed exams administered throughout every academic year. Since 2005, the Guilderland team has come first in the region and, in 2008, placed 10th in the region. In 2009, GHS earned a 6 out of 10 rating according to metrics measured by the website GreatSchools.org.  Though the school continues to achieve parity in state testing scores relative to other high schools across the state of NY, only 50% of the students passed the Mathematics A examination in 2009, which led to the school's diminished rating.
In 2018, GHS earned an 8 out of 10 rating according to metrics measured by the website GreatSchools.org. The school is above average in academics receiving a 10/10 in college readiness. Where the school loses points is its equity overview. Kristin Russo, 1998 - American speaker, personality, and LGBTQ activist
Harold J. Greene, 1977 - Major General, US Army-General Officer killed in Combat August 5, 2014
Clancy Newman, 1995 - cellist and composer
Lidiya Yankovskaya, 2004 - Conductor - Orli and Bill Staley Music Director, Chicago Opera Theater


William Lavier Killefer (October 10, 1887 – July 3, 1960), nicknamed "Reindeer Bill" was an American professional baseball player, coach and manager. He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher for the St. Louis Browns, Philadelphia Phillies, and Chicago Cubs. Killefer, who was nicknamed "Reindeer Bill" due to his speed afoot, is notable for being the favorite catcher of Hall of Fame pitcher Grover Cleveland Alexander and, for being one of the top defensive catchers of his era. After his playing career, he continued to work as a coach and a manager for a Major League Baseball career that spanned a total of 48 years.<PIC> Killefer made his major league debut at the age of 21 with the St. Louis Browns on September 13, 1909. After the 1910 season in which the Browns finished in last place, Killefer was released to the Buffalo Bisons of the Eastern League. Under the tutelage of Bisons' manager George Stallings, Killefer developed into a refined catcher.
His contract was purchased by the Philadelphia Phillies on August 19, 1911, and he played his first game as a starter on October 3. The Phillies pitcher on that day was Grover Cleveland Alexander, and the game marked the first of 250 times the pair teamed up as a battery in the major leagues. Although he was a light hitter, Killefer became known for his strong defensive skills. In 1913, he led National League catchers with 166 assists, 130 baserunners caught stealing, a 50.6% caught stealing percentage, and finished second in putouts and fielding percentage.
In 1914, Killefer made news when it was reported that he had signed with the Chicago Whales of the Federal League, although he denied the report. When the Phillies offered him a salary increase, he decided to sign with the Phillies, which led the Federal League to file a lawsuit against him and the Phillies. A judge ruled against the Federal League and Killefer remained with the Phillies.
From 1915 to 1917, Alexander and Killefer solidified their reputation as the best battery in baseball, with Alexander posting three consecutive 30-win seasons. Killefer had one of his best seasons for the Phillies in 1917. He led National League catchers with a .984 fielding percentage, as well as in putouts, double plays, and total chances. He also had one of his best seasons offensively with a .274 batting average.
After the 1917 season, in one of the most lopsided trades in major league history, the financially strapped Phillies sent Killefer and Alexander to the Chicago Cubs for two players and $55,000 in cash. With the Cubs, Killefer was credited with strengthening their pitching staff. The Cubs won the 1918 National League pennant before losing to the Boston Red Sox in the 1918 World Series. Killefer had another strong season in 1919, hitting a career-high .286 batting average and leading National League catchers in fielding percentage, putouts and assists. He served as player-manager for the Cubs in 1921 before retiring as a player at age 33. In a thirteen-year major league career, Killefer played in 1,035 games, accumulating 751 hits in 3,150 at bats for a .238 career batting average along with 4 home runs and 240 runs batted in. He had a career fielding percentage of .977. While he was not a powerful hitter, he possessed a strong throwing arm and a talent for working with pitchers. Killefer led National League catchers in fielding percentage four consecutive seasons from 1916 to 1919. He also led the league three times in putouts, assists and in baserunners caught stealing. Killefer caught 115 shutouts in his career, ranking him 16th all-time among major league catchers.
Killefer's reputation as a defensive standout is enhanced because of the era in which he played. In the Deadball Era, catchers played a huge defensive role, given the large number of bunts and stolen base attempts, as well as the difficulty of handling the spitball pitchers who dominated pitching staffs. Richard Kendall of the Society for American Baseball Research devised an unscientific study that ranked Killefer as the most dominating fielding catcher in major league history. After his playing career ended, Killefer continued as manager of the Cubs until he was fired after 75 games in 1925. He was hired by St. Louis Cardinals manager Rogers Hornsby as a coach for the 1926 season. The Cardinals went on to win the 1926 World Series with Killefer receiving credit for his help with the pitching staff. In 1927, he was hired by the St. Louis Browns as a coach, and became their manager in 1930. Killefer enjoyed little success as the Browns' manager, never finishing above fifth place as the depression-era team had cut its payroll significantly. He was fired in 1933 and took two years off from organised baseball.
Killefer accepted a role as manager for the Sacramento Solons in the Pacific Coast League, leading them to a first-place finish in 1937. He later coached for the Brooklyn Dodgers and managed the minor league Milwaukee Brewers. His managerial record was 524–622 (.457) in nine seasons. Killefer's last on-the-field position in the major leagues was as a coach for the 1942 Philadelphia Phillies. He also served as a scout for the Cleveland Indians, the Phillies and the Dodgers. As a scout for the Indians, Killefer was involved in the signing of Larry Doby in 1947 (the American League's first black player). Killefer was credited with helping the development of such catching standouts as Bob O'Farrell, Gabby Hartnett, Rick Ferrell, and Walker Cooper.
He died in Elsmere, Delaware, at age 72. His brother, Red Killefer, was also a major league baseball player. Political economist Nancy Killefer is a granddaughter.


Fanula Papazoglu (Serbian: Фанула Папазоглу; Greek: Φανούλα Παπάζογλου, romanized: Fanoúla Papázoglou, 1917– January 26, 2001) was a Yugoslav and Serbian classical scholar, epigrapher and academic. She was an expert in Ancient history of the Balkans. She founded the Centre for Ancient Epigraphy and Numismatics in 1970.<PIC> Papazoglu was born in Bitola, Kingdom of Serbia (modern North Macedonia), into a Greek family of Aromanian origin. She finished secondary school (1936) in Bitola, before attending the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy, where she studies classical philology, ancient history, and archeology. During the Axis occupation of Serbia she supported the Yugoslav Partisans as a member of the student organization, and spent a year in the Banjica concentration camp from 1942 to 1943.
She graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy in 1946, and worked at the Department for Ancient History at the Faculty of Philosophy from 1947. Her Ph.D. thesis in 1955 was Macedonian towns during the Roman period. She became a full professor in 1965.
On March 21, 1974 she was elected to the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU) as a corresponding member, and became a full member on December 15, 1983.
At the Belgrade University Papazoglu met and married the prominent Yugoslav Byzantologist of Russian origin, George Ostrogorsky, with whom she had a daughter - Tatyana, and a son - Alexander. Papazoglou retired in 1979. She died in Belgrade in 2001.
Papazoglu wrote in the same tradition as other archaeologists of her era, culture-historical-evolutionist archaeology. Her work focused on the subject of the "Central Balkan tribes" (Autaritae, Scordisci, Dardani, Triballi, Moesi) which she defined as compact collective groups associated with specific archaeological cultures distinct from other archaeological cultures and defined stable borders throughout antiquity. Her work was influential in her era, but has been criticized in contemporary archaeology. The conclusions about the existence and organization of the "central Balkan tribes" often presuppose a theoretical framework which corresponds to modern concepts to identity formation. This framework was used irrespective of the written and material records which were made to correspond to pre-drawn conclusions about the "Central Balkan Tribes". Often these theoretical models served for the categorization of material finds. Mihailović (2021) notes that Triballi is the name of a pre-Roman people near Roman Oescus for which Papazoglu constructed a defined territory which in reality is undeterminable via available data. In turn, archaeologists of that era in Yugoslavia began to categorize all finds in the area defined as Triballian by Papazoglu as artifacts of the Triballi tribe. In a similar vein, Papazoglou constructed a Kingdom of Dardania which is never defined as such in written records and defined its borders. In reality, in the pre-Roman era only the southern "borders" of Dardania are defined but there is no other information about its boundary to the north. Papazoglou contrasted her construction of Dardanian society to the more "civilized" and "organized" Illyrians.  Winnifrith (2021) criticizes her comparison as an indication that she "was anxious not only to disassociate Illyrians from Dardanians, but also Illyrians from Albanians". Makedonski gradovi u rimsko doba ("Macedonian towns during the Roman period"), 1955, thesis
Prilozi istoriji Singidunuma i srednjeg Podunavlja Gornje Mezije, 1957
Makedonski gradovi u rimsko doba, 1957
Srednjobalkanska plemena u predrimsko doba ("The Central Balkan Tribes in Pre-Roman Times"), 1969, 1978
Rimski građanski ratovi, 1991
Istorija helenizma ("History of Hellenism"), 1995 October Prize of the City of Belgrade
July 7 Award (7. jul)


Isao Yamagata (山形 勲, Yamagata Isao, 25 July 1915 – 28 June 1996) was a Japanese film actor. In 1942, Yamagata and So Yamamura formed the Bunkaza Theatre Company.  In 1949 he made his film debut with Kirareya Senta. Yamagata became famous for his role in 1953 film Gate of Hell. He became a character actor and often played villainous roles. In 1973, Yamagata landed main role on the TV jidaigeki Kenkaku Shōbai.
He died of tuberculosis in 1996. He appeared in more than 180 films between 1951 and 1984.<PIC> Bungawan soro (1951)
Ringo-en no shōjo (1952)
Mukokuseki-sha (1952)
Sen-hime (1953) - Samanosuke Itsumi
Pu-san (1953)
Kimi ni sasageshi inochi nariseba (1953)
Seishun Zenigata Heiji (1953) - Plibp
Gate of Hell (1953) - Wataru Watanabe
Higeki no shôgun: Yamashita Tomoyuki (1953)
Hana to ryû - Dai-ichi-bu: Dôkai-wan no rantô (1954) - Shin'nosuke Mori
Seven Samurai (1954) - Samurai #1
Wakaki hi no takuboku: Kumo wa tensai de aru (1954) - Kanematsu Kikuchi
Kakute yume ari (1954) - Ichirô Kasuga
Jigoku no kengô Hirate Miki (1954) - Isonoshin Yamabe
The Princess Sen (1954) - Dewanokami Sakasaki
Floating Clouds (1955) - Sugio Iba
Minan o koshô: Hitokiri hikosei (1955)
Jokyû (1955) - Ryûjin Aramaki
Juku no hana yome (1955)
Princess Yang Kwei-Fei (1955) - Yang Hsien
Uruwashiki saigetsu (1955)
Rokunin no ansatsusha (1955) - Kondō Isami
Asakusa no oni (1955)
Meoto zenzai (1955)
Kôdôkan shitennô (1955)
Tarao Bannai senritsu no nanakamen (1956)
Bara no kôdôkan (1956) - Shogoro Yabe
Warning from Space (1956) - Dr. Matsuda
Denkô ryûsei karate uchi (1956)
Neko to Shôzô to futari no onna (1956)
Tsukigata Hanpeita: Hana no maki; Arashi no maki (1956) - Fujioka
Shinshokoku monogatari: Nanatsu no chikai kurosuisen no maki (1956)
Yôda no maden (1956) - Danjô Sarashina
Outlaw: List of Dupes (1956)
The Swamp (1956) - Buri-daijin
Shinshokoku monogatari: Nanatsu no chikai doreisen no maki (1957)
Shinshokoku monogatari: Nanatsu no chikai gaisen uta no maki (1957)
The Rice People (1957) - Matsunosuke Ota
Ôsaka monogatari (1957)
Ujô (1957) - Shinpei Nakayama
Tajobushin (1957)
Daibosatsu tôge (1957) - Lord kamio
Yûreisen: Zempen (1957) - Gemba Akahana
Yûreisen: Kôhen (1957) - Yamizô
Onna goroshi abura jigoku (1957)
Kichigai buraku (1957)
Jigokû misaki no fukushû (1957)
Fuji ni tatsu kage (1957)
Edo no meibutsuotoko: Isshin Tasuke (1958) - Matsudaira-Izunokami
Daibosatsu tôge - Dai ni bu (1958)
Seven from Edo (1958) - Tatewaki
Uguisu-jô no hanayome (1958)
Isshin Tasuke - Tenka no ichidaiji (1958) - Matsudaira-Izunokami
Ten to sen (1958) - Tatsuo Yasuda
Nora neko (1958)
Onmitsu Shichishoki (1958)
Ninkyo Tokaido (1958) - Kadoi
Do no hâjiki wa jigokû dazê (1958)
Binan-jo (1959)
Shingo juban-shobu (1959)
Kitsune to tanuki (1959)
Daibosatsu tôge - Kanketsu-hen (1959)
Shingo jûban shôbu: dai-ni-bu (1959)
Tenka no igagoe: akatsuki no kessen (1959)
Chiyari musô (1959)
Isshin Tasuke: Otoko no naka no otoko ippiki (1959)
Edo no akutaro (1959) - Tenzen Akiyama
Senryô-jishi (1959) - Kainokami Torii
Jigokû no sokô made tsuki auzê (1959)
Bored Hatamoto: Acrobats of Death (1959)
Rônin ichiba - Asayake tengu (1960)
Shiroi gake (1960)
Nanatsu no kao no otoko daze (1960)
Tenpô rokkasen - Jigoku no hanamichi (1960)
Sake to onna to yari (1960) - Mitsunari Ishida
Tokai no kaoyaku (1960) - Denbe
Wakasama Samurai Torimonochoo (1960) - Suzuki Uneme
Shoretsu shinsengumi - bakumatsu no doran (1960) - Serizawa
Sabaku o wataru taiyo (1960)
Nippatsume wa jigoku-iki daze (1960)
Mito Komon 3: All Star Version (1960)
Akō Rōshi (1961) - Kataoka Gengoemon
Zoku shachô dochuki: onna oyabun taiketsu no maki (1961) - President Oyamada
Uogashi no onna Ishimatsu (1961)
Tekka daimyo (1961)
Saigo no kaoyaku (1961)
Kashi no onna Ishimatsu (1961)
Hakubajô no hanayome (1961)
Edokko-hada (1961)
Beranme Chunori-san (1961)
Oedo Hyobanji Binan no Kaoyaku (1962) - Soshun
Mabuta no haha (1962) - Yosuke
Kisaragi musô ken (1962) - Izuminokami Mizuno
Ano sura no hate ni hoshi hama tataku (1962)
Hachi gatsu jûgo-nichi no dôran (1962)
Yagyû bugeichô: Dokugan itto ryu (1962)
Sakura hangan (1962)
Knightly Advice (1962)
Bored Hatamoto: The Mysterious Cape (1963)
Yagyû bugeichô: Katame no Jûbei (1963)
Daidokoro taiheiki (1963)
Yojinbô ichiba (1963)
Shin meoto zenzai (1963) - Kyoichi
Kureji sakusen: Kudabare! Musekinin (1963)
Yogiri no Joshu-Ji (1963)
Yagyu Chronicles 7: The Cloud of Disorder (1963)
Kyôkatsu (1963)
Hibari Chiemi no Yaji Kita Dochu (1963)
Miyamoto Musashi: Ichijôji no kettô (1964)
Jakoman to Tetsu (1964)
Nijuissai no chichi (1964)
Surai no gyanburaa (1964)
Otoko no monsho: hana to nagadosu (1964)
Kuroi kaikyo (1964) - Senba
Akai shuriken (1965) - Kanzo
Una sera di Tokyo (1965) - Shinzô Nakajima
Radishes and Carrots (1965) - Gohei Suzuka
Shinobi no mono: Iga-yashiki (1965) - Matsudaira
A Story Written with Water (1965) - Denzo / Shizuo's father
Buraikan jingi (1965) - Eitaro Oshika
Shachô gyôjôki (1966)
Kigeki ekimae manga (1966)
Zatoichi's Pilgrimage (1966) - Boss Tohachi
Kigeki ekimae mangan (1967)
Kigeki ekimae gakuen (1967)
Samurai Rebellion (1967) - Shobei Tsuchiya
Rikugun Nakano gakko: Mitsumei (1967)
Kigeki ekimae hyakku-nen (1967)
Aru koroshiya no kagi (1967)
Hârubiyorî (1967)
Zansetsu (1968) - Kenichiro Shinjo
Onna mekura hana to kiba (1968)
Bakumatsu (1970) - Hiroe Yamada
Kaoyaku (1971) - Ogata, Seizo
Lone Wolf and Cub: Sword of Vengeance (1972)
Lone Wolf and Cub: Baby Cart to Hades (1972) - Sawatari Genba
Yuki Fujin ezu (1975)
Fumô chitai (1976)
Tokugawa ichizoku no houkai (1980) - Itakura Katsukiyo
The Trout (1982) - Daigo Hamada Hana no Shōgai (1963) - Arimura Jizaemon
Shiroi Kyotō (1967) - Professor Azuma
The Water Margin (1973) - Chao Gai
Kenkaku Shōbai (1973) as Kohei Akiyama
Karei-naru Ichizoku (1974–75)
Genroku Taiheiki (1975)
Dokuganryū Masamune (1987) - Mukaidate Takumi Order of the Sacred Treasure, 4th class, Gold Rays with Rosette (1988)