Eastwind Airlines was a start-up airline formed in mid-1995 and headquartered in Trenton, New Jersey, United States, and later in Greensboro, North Carolina. Jim McNally, a former Price Waterhouse analyst who had headed that firm's recovery teams when several other airlines sought management and investment help, founded the airline. McNally's paper airline found a benefactor in UM Holdings, a Haddonfield, New Jersey-based investment company, which provided investment capital.
The airline began in August 1995. Eastwind chose Trenton as no major airlines served Trenton and the airline believed that it could attract passengers from Philadelphia and New York City. The headquarters moved to Greensboro in 1996 after Continental Airlines ended the Continental Lite operations in Greensboro. The airline served the following destinations in the eastern U.S. at various times during its existence:
Florida
Fort Lauderdale (Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport)
Jacksonville, Florida (Jacksonville International Airport)
Orlando (Orlando International Airport)
Saint Petersburg (Saint Petersburg Clearwater International Airport)
Tampa (Tampa International Airport)
West Palm Beach (Palm Beach International Airport)
Georgia
Atlanta (Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport)
Massachusetts
Boston (Logan International Airport)
New Jersey
Trenton (Trenton-Mercer Airport) Rochester (Greater Rochester International Airport)
New York (LaGuardia Airport)
North Carolina
Greensboro/High Point/Winston-Salem (Piedmont Triad International Airport)
Pennsylvania
Philadelphia (Philadelphia International Airport)
Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh International Airport)
Rhode Island
Providence (T.F. Green Airport)
Virginia
Richmond (Richmond International Airport)
Washington, DC area (Washington Dulles International Airport) At the height of the airline's operation in 1998, it operated a fleet of three Boeing 737-200 and two Boeing 737-700 aircraft. Throughout its history, Eastwind owned a total of five first-generation 737-200, two were already sold for scrap in 1997.<PIC> On June 9, 1996 Eastwind Airlines Flight 517, a Boeing 737-2H5 experienced a reported loss of rudder control while on approach to Richmond from Trenton. There was one minor injury to a flight attendant and no damage to the airplane as a result of the incident. At the time of the event the airplane's airspeed was about 250 knots and at 4,000 feet MSL. On approach the crew experienced unexpected movement of the rudder causing the airplane rolling to the right. The crew applied opposite rudder to keep the plane from rolling over. Thirty-seconds later the plane righted itself back to normal flight. As the crew performed the emergency checklist the plane again rolled over to the right. Another thirty-seconds went by before the plane snapped back to level. The crew declared an emergency and landed safely in Richmond. Investigation of this incident would later help solve two other unsolved accidents: United Airlines Flight 585 and USAir Flight 427.
On July 17, 1996 Eastwind Airlines Flight 507 described the first reports of TWA Flight 800 exploding. Due to the short runway at Trenton-Mercer Airport, the airline served Philadelphia for a short time, but consolidated its flights back to Trenton, New Jersey in early 1999 when Delta Air Lines terminated their contract to handle ground services.
By 1999, the airline was in dire straits, facing some performance concerns as well as severe financial trouble.  In July 1999, the airline terminated several senior managers including its CEO.
The airline's financial situation deteriorated when two new Boeing 737-700 aircraft were purchased in 1997.  Service issues created tension with its customers, resulting in large numbers of complaints filed with the FAA.  In 1999, two passengers in Greensboro who feared being stranded in Greensboro refused to get off an airplane forcing the captain to call authorities.
While the airline's management refused to file for bankruptcy, in October 1999, three creditors filed a petition for involuntary bankruptcy in an effort to force the airline to liquidate.  The airline ceased all operations shortly afterwards. The two 737-700s were acquired by Southwest Airlines and Shanghai Airlines, while the last three 737-200s were withdrawn from the fleet and permanently retired (one remains in use as a fire trainer, and the rest were scrapped in 2000). On the morning of Thanksgiving Day 1998 passengers in Boston were greeted at Eastwind check-in counter with simple sign reading "Indefinite Delay" and no staff present whatsoever. Most passengers were accommodated by other airlines for minimal fees.


Juanne Hugo Smith (born 30 July 1981) is a South African former professional rugby union player who represented South Africa in international test rugby, the Cheetahs in the Super Rugby competition, and the Free State Cheetahs in the Currie Cup. He mainly played as a blindside flanker, although he has also played number eight.<PIC> Smith made his international debut for South Africa on 7 June 2003 as a reserve in the 29–25 victory over Scotland at Kings Park Stadium in Durban. He was also named in the Springboks' team for the second Scottish Test the following week. He then played at number 8 during the 2003 Tri Nations Series against Australia and the All Blacks.
Smith was included in the Springboks squad for the 2003 Rugby World Cup in Australia. He played in four matches at the World Cup and scored a try in the match against Manu Samoa. Although he only played the one Test for South Africa during 2004 – against Wales at Millennium Stadium in Cardiff in November, he was capped 10 times for the Springboks the following season.
He was a reserve in matches against Uruguay and France, before being moving up into the starting line-up again as a flanker for the 2005 Tri Nations Series. The Free State Cheetahs made it to the 2005 Currie Cup final, where they defeated the Blue Bulls to win the championship. He then played in the 20–16 loss against France at Stade de France in Paris.
The Cheetahs gained entrance into the Super 14, and competed in the 2006 season. Smith captained the side, which ended up doing remarkably well for a new team, and the Cheetahs finished above the other new team, the Western Force, as well as three other Super 14 teams. He played in the 2006 mid-year rugby tests wins over Scotland, as well as the loss against France in South Africa, then being named in the Springboks' 2006 Tri Nations Series squad.
Smith was a key part of the World Cup-winning team to lift the Webb Ellis trophy in 2007. Although Smith wears the number seven on the back of his shirt, implying that he is an open side flanker, he is actually a blindside flanker, as the custom in South Africa is for openside to wear the number six rather than seven. Renowned for his strong ball carrying, Smith is one of the best blindside flankers in the world.
On 25 February 2011, in a Super Rugby match against the Bulls in Bloemfontein, Smith tore his Achilles tendon, which caused him to miss the rest of the 2011 Super Rugby season, as well as the Tri Nations and the 2011 Rugby World Cup.
In April 2012, Smith announced that he would be taking an indefinite break from rugby due to the ongoing battle with his Achilles injury. He had had four operations on the injury but was concerned that the recovery was taking longer than he had hoped. "The right thing to do now is to give my injury sufficient time to heal 100%," Smith said in an interview with the Volksblad newspaper.
Despite making his long-awaited comeback for the Cheetahs playing against the Bulls in a pre-season game in February 2013, the results of a subsequent MRI scan forced Smith to announce his retirement from the game.
On 10 September 2013 it was announced that Smith had been persuaded to come out of retirement and had signed a deal with RC Toulonnais.
Smith's 2013 season return to rugby resembles a fairytale story.  Returning from a career ending injury to an unprecedentedly successful season, Toulon won the Heineken Cup, becoming only the third team ever to retain the title.  On 24 May 2014, Smith scored the decisive try in the 60th minute of the final against Saracens. He also played a crucial part in the final of the French Top 14 a week later on 31 May 2014, in which Toulon defeated Castres Olympique to win the title for the first time since 1992. Subsequently, and capping a remarkable comeback year, on 6 August 2014, Smith was recalled to the Springboks team for the Rugby Championship against New Zealand, Australia and Argentina.
In 2015 Smith again won the European Rugby Champions Cup with Toulon.
Smith then had a short stint in Japan with Toyota Verblitz, but left citing family reasons, and retired from all rugby in 2017. South Africa Under-21
World Cup: 2002
Free State Cheetahs
Currie Cup: 2005
South Africa
World Cup: 2007
Tri-Nations: 2009
Lions Series: 2009
Toulon
Heineken Cup European Champions/European Rugby Champions Cup: 2014, 2015
Top 14 French League : 2014


Mark George Yudof (born October 30, 1944) is an American law professor and academic administrator. He is a former president of the University of California (2008-2013), former chancellor of the University of Texas System (2002–2008), and former president of the University of Minnesota (1997–2002).
In addition to his position as Chancellor at The University of Texas, Yudof held the Charles Alan Wright Chair in Federal Courts at the University of Texas School of Law.  Previously, he was a faculty member and administrator at The University of Texas at Austin for 26 years, serving as dean of the School of Law from 1984 to 1994 and as the university's executive vice president and provost from 1994 to 1997.<PIC> Born in Philadelphia to parents of Ukrainian Jewish descent,  Yudof was raised in West Philadelphia. Yudof's father worked as an electrician. Yudof earned his B.A. cum laude in political science  from the University of Pennsylvania in 1965 and LL.B. cum laude from the University of Pennsylvania School of Law in 1968. Yudof joined the faculty of The University of Texas School of Law in 1971. He has also been a visiting professor at the University of Michigan Law School and UC Berkeley School of Law.
Yudof is a recognized expert in the fields of constitutional law, freedom of expression, and education law. He was co-counsel for the plaintiffs in the 1973 U.S. Supreme Court case San Antonio v. Rodriguez, the landmark school finance lawsuit. He is the author of Gender Justice (with David L. Kirp and Marlene Franks), (Chicago Press, 1986; Paperback, 1987) and of When Government Speaks: Politics, Law, and Government Expression in America, (The University of California Press, 1983). Yudof became a member of the State Bar of Texas in 1980.  From 1984 to 1994, Yudof served as dean of the University of Texas School of Law. From 1994 to 1997, Yudof served as executive vice president and provost of the University of Texas at Austin. In that position, Yudof initiated many improvements to undergraduate education, including creating a freshman seminar program and Academy of Distinguished Teachers. On July 1, 1997, Yudof took office as the 14th president of the University of Minnesota. In his first year as president, Yudof took advantage of a state budget surplus to fund construction projects, historic preservation, and academic priorities at the university. Yudof helped to establish freshman seminars. In 1999 the university moved from a quarter to semester system.
The university encountered scandal in 1999 after the St. Paul Pioneer Press reported that an academic counseling staffer at Minnesota claimed to have done coursework for many student-athletes on the Minnesota Golden Gophers men's basketball program over the past five years, as well as several other NCAA rules violations by Minnesota basketball. Yudof oversaw self-imposed sanctions on the men's basketball program. Those sanctions included a $1.5 million buyout of the contract of head coach Clem Haskins, a postseason ban for the 1999–2000 season, and scholarship reductions. The scandal led to the resignations of men's athletic director Mark Dienhart and university vice president McKinley Boston. Members of the university board of regents praised Yudof for his handling of the scandal. By 2002, Yudof united men's and women's athletics at Minnesota under a single athletic director.
In 2002, a six-story apartment-style hall was built at the University of Minnesota and was named Riverbend Commons and then subsequently renamed after Mark G. Yudof. It is currently referred to as Yudof or Yudof Hall. Yudof became the ninth chancellor of the University of Texas System on August 1, 2002. Simultaneously, he was president emeritus at the University of Minnesota and Charles Alan Wright Chair in Federal Courts at the University of Texas School of Law. As University of Texas System chancellor, Yudof allowed individual campuses to set their own tuition rates. He resigned on June 15, 2008, to become President of the University of California system. In March 2008, Yudof was selected as the next president of UC, to succeed Robert C. Dynes. He began his term on June 16, 2008.
In November 2009, TIME Magazine recognized Mark Yudof as one of the "10 Best College Presidents", citing his efforts to provide opportunity and access to a quality education for California residents with financial need whose family income is less than $60,000.
In January 2013, Yudof announced his plan to resign as president of the University of California, effective August 31, 2013. He was heavily criticized for securing the maximum pension of $350,000 after only 7 years of service, including one year on paid sabbatical and another in which he taught only one class per semester. The California budget crisis resulted in massive cuts to higher education by the California State Legislature and Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. Struggling to grapple with the ensuing crisis, California legislative leaders cut more than 20 percent from the UC budget in one year - the largest budgetary reduction in the history of the UC. In a July 9 "Open Letter to UC alumni and friends," UC Regent Richard Blum; Russell Gould, then-chair; Sherry Lansing, then-vice chair; and UC president Yudof wrote,
"The UC model — providing universal access to a top-notch, low-cost education and research of the highest caliber — continues to be studied around the globe among those who would emulate its success. And yet, this model has been increasingly abandoned at home by a state government responsible for its core funding."
As state budgetary support declined dramatically, Yudof kicked off an online grassroots advocacy effort in order to make the case for the University of California. In 2008, Yudof organized advocacy efforts on social media. Yudof called on all students, faculty, staff, alumni and friends to unite behind an aggressive push to make funding UC a state priority.
In 2009, Yudof further bolstered this effort through a campaign seeking to let legislators and the governor know how critical their support is in preserving the university's commitment to quality and student access.
Also in 2009, Yudof came under criticism for an interview that he gave to Deborah Solomon of the New York Times, in which he joked about taking a pay cut from his salary of over $800,000 to $400,000 in exchange for the White House and Air Force One. In October 2009, seeking to help keep the University of California accessible and affordable for California students, President Yudof announced an ambitious effort that aims to raise $1 billion for student support over the next four years. Through the fundraising effort, Project You Can, all 10 UC campuses have committed to raise $1 billion in the aggregate over the next four years—doubling the amount of private support the system has raised for scholarships, fellowships and other gift aid in the previous five years. The UC Board of Regents endorsed the effort at its November 2009 meeting. Yudof made the Project You Can announcement at Sunnyside High School, which for 10 years has propelled promising students toward health careers through its Doctors Academy, a program sponsored by UCSF Fresno. Despite facing social and economic barriers — 87 percent of Sunnyside's students are eligible for free or reduced lunch — all Doctors Academy graduates have gone on to college, 43 percent of them at UC campuses. Citing increasingly unreliable funding provided to universities by state government, President Yudof called for the federal government to bolster its financial commitments to the nation's universities and colleges in his paper titled Exploring a New Role for Federal Government in Higher Education. In announcing the proposal, Yudof remarked:
We must find creative ways to expand the federal commitment to research and access into a new category: The nuts-and-bolts core funding that is vital to a robust university, allowing it to hire quality professors, equip laboratories and expand the physical plant.
New York Times columnist Bob Herbert visited the UC Berkeley campus and had this to say:
The problems at Berkeley are particularly acute because of the state's drastic reduction of support. But colleges and universities across the country — public and private — are struggling because of the prolonged economic crisis and the pressure on state budgets. It will say a great deal about what kind of nation we've become if we let these most valuable assets slip into a period of decline.
  His op-ed piece, "Cracks in the Future," ran in the New York Times citing UC Berkeley as evidence of the cracks appearing in America's cornerstone of civilization - higher education. Yudof is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member of the American Law Institute. In 1993, he and his wife, Judy, were the co-recipients of the Jewish National Fund Tree of Life Award.  Judy Yudof served as the first female international president of the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism in 2002.  In February 2010, Regents of the University of Texas System established the Mark G. and Judy G. Yudof Chair for the benefit of the University of Texas School of Law. In 2012, The Jewish Daily Forward named Yudof in its "Forward 50" list of influential Jewish Americans.


Aporosa is a genus of flowering plant belonging to the  family Phyllanthaceae, first described as a genus in 1825. It is native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Papuasia, and Queensland.
These plants are mostly dioecious trees or shrubs. Four species (A. hermaphrodita, A. heterodoxa, A. brevicaudata, and A. egreria) have consistently bisexual flowers, although they may be functionally dioecious. The seeds have brightly colored arils that are attractive to birds, which disperse the seeds.
There are about 80 species.
Species
Aporosa acuminata - SW India, Sri Lanka
Aporosa alia - Borneo
Aporosa annulata - New Guinea, Bismarcks
Aporosa antennifera - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia
Aporosa arborea - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, Java, S Thailand
Aporosa aurea - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, S Thailand
Aporosa banahaensis - Philippines, Sabah
Aporosa basilanensis - Borneo, Basilan
Aporosa benthamiana - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, Philippines
Aporosa bourdillonii - Kerala
Aporosa brassii - E New Guinea, Bismarcks
Aporosa brevicaudata - New Guinea
Aporosa bullatissima - Borneo
Aporosa caloneura - Borneo
Aporosa cardiosperma - W India, Sri Lanka
Aporosa carrii - E New Guinea
Aporosa chondroneura - Borneo
Aporosa confusa - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia
Aporosa decipiens - New Guinea
Aporosa dendroidea - Maluku
Aporosa duthieana - Indochina
Aporosa egregia - W New Guinea
Aporosa elmeri - Borneo
Aporosa falcifera - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, Sulawesi, S Thailand
Aporosa ficifolia - Mainland Southeast Asia
Aporosa flexuosa - New Guinea
Aporosa frutescens - Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
Aporosa fulvovittata - Sabah
Aporosa fusiformis - SW India, Sri Lanka
Aporosa globifera - Sumatra, W Malaysia, S Thailand
Aporosa grandistipula - Borneo, Sulawesi
Aporosa granularis - Borneo
Aporosa hermaphrodita - E New Guinea
Aporosa heterodoxa - Bougainville I
Aporosa illustris - Borneo
Aporosa lagenocarpa - Borneo
Aporosa lamellata - New Guinea
Aporosa lanceolata - Sri Lanka
Aporosa latifolia - Sri Lanka
Aporosa laxiflora - E New Guinea, Bismarcks
Aporosa ledermanniana - New Guinea, Bismarcks, Louisiades
Aporosa leptochrysandra - New Guinea
Aporosa leytensis - Philippines, Sulawesi
Aporosa longicaudata - New Guinea
Aporosa lucida - Malaysia, Indonesia
Aporosa lunata - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, Java, S Thailand
Aporosa macrophylla - Myanmar
Aporosa maingayi - W Malaysia
Aporosa microstachya - W Malaysia, Java, S Thailand, S Myanmar
Aporosa misimana - E New Guinea
Aporosa nervosa - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, S Thailand
Aporosa nigricans - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, S Thailand
Aporosa nigropunctata - New Guinea
Aporosa nitida - Borneo
Aporosa octandra - S China, SE Asia, New Guinea, Queensland
Aporosa papuana - New Guinea, Bismarcks, Solomons
Aporosa parvula - W New Guinea
Aporosa penangensis - W Malaysia, S Thailand
Aporosa planchoniana - Mainland Southeast Asia
Aporosa praegrandifolia - New Guinea
Aporosa prainiana - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia
Aporosa pseudoficifolia - W Malaysia, S Thailand, S Myanmar
Aporosa quadrilocularis - Kedah, Sumatra
Aporosa reticulata - E New Guinea
Aporosa rhacostyla - Sarawak
Aporosa sarawakensis - Borneo
Aporosa sclerophylla - E New Guinea
Aporosa selangorica - W Malaysia
Aporosa serrata - Laos, N Thailand
Aporosa sphaeridiophora - Philippines, Java
Aporosa stellifera - Sumatra, W Malaysia, S Thailand
Aporosa stenostachys - Sarawak
Aporosa subcaudata - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia
Aporosa sylvestri - Sarawak
Aporosa symplocifolia - Philippines
Aporosa symplocoides - Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, S Thailand
Aporosa tetrapleura - Cambodia, Vietnam
Aporosa vagans - New Guinea to Admiralty Is
Aporosa villosa - Southeast Asia, Andaman & Nicobar
Aporosa wallichii - Assam, Bangladesh, Indochina
Aporosa whitmorei - Sumatra, W Malaysia
Aporosa yunnanensis - Indochina, S China, Assam
formerly included
moved to other genera: Antidesma Baccaurea Drypetes Shirakiopsis
A. bilitonensis - Baccaurea minor
A. calocarpa - Drypetes longifolia
A. dolichocarpa - Baccaurea javanica
A. griffithii - Antidesma coriaceum
A. inaequalis - Drypetes leonensis
A. somalensis - Shirakiopsis elliptica<PIC>


William R. Knight (born June 9, 1952) is an American former professional basketball player and executive. Playing with the Indiana Pacers in both the American Basketball Association (ABA) and later the National Basketball Association (NBA), he was both an ABA and NBA All-Star. He played college basketball with the Pittsburgh Panthers, who retired his No. 34.
In college, Knight was a consensus second-team All-American in 1974. He began his pro career with Indiana, earning ABA All-Rookie First Team honors in 1975. He continued with the Pacers in the NBA, and he also played in the league for the Buffalo Braves, Boston Celtics, Kansas City Kings and San Antonio Spurs. Knight finished his playing career with a season in France. He became an executive with the Pacers and the Vancouver/Memphis Grizzlies.  He last served as the executive vice president and general manager of the Atlanta Hawks from 2003 to 2008. Knight was born and raised in Braddock, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Pittsburgh, where he attended General Braddock High School- He was a member of the 1970 Section High School Basketball Champions on the General Braddock Falcons. A 6'6" guard/forward, he then attended the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt), where he starred, and along with Mickey Martin and Kirk Bruce, Knight led the Panthers to the East Regional Finals in the 1974 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament, where they lost to eventual NCAA Champion North Carolina State, in a matchup between Knight and NCSU's David Thompson. The game was played in Raleigh, North Carolina.  NCSU went on to defeat UCLA & Marquette for the National title in Greensboro, North Carolina.
Knight's performance during the 1973–1974 season, in which Pitt went 25-4 and won a school record, 22 games in a row, earned him 2nd team All-American team status.  He is considered one of Pitt's best players ever and was voted to Pitt's all-time starting five.
Knight had his number 34 jersey retired by the University of Pittsburgh on February 20, 1989.<PIC> Knight spent 11 seasons, from 1974–85, in the ABA and NBA as a member of the Indiana Pacers, Buffalo Braves, Boston Celtics, Kansas City Kings, and San Antonio Spurs.  He scored 13,901 points in his ABA/NBA career and appeared in two All-Star games as well as one ABA all-star game. Knight's best years were with the Indiana Pacers, after being selected by both the Pacers and the LA Lakers in the player draft. Knight was voted 1st team ABA All-Star for the 1975–1976 season, his second year in the league after averaging 28.1 ppg. This was the last year of the ABA before the Indiana Pacers merged into the NBA.  The following year Knight maintained All-Star status, this time in the NBA after averaging 26.6 ppg — second best in the league that season.  After a brief stint with the Buffalo Braves & Boston Celtics, Knight returned to the Pacers in 1978, where he continued his career with them until 1983.
Knight is the Indiana Pacers 3rd all-time leading scorer and is in several other Top 5 all-time categories for the Pacers. His 1976 statline of 28.1 points per game still remains the highest points average by a Pacer in a single season. Knight is one of twenty-three players in NBA/ABA history to average 28 points and 10 rebounds in a season, joining the likes of Wilt Chamberlain (x7), Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (x5), Shaquille O'Neal (x5), Elgin Baylor (x4), Karl Malone (x4), Giannis Antetokounmpo (x3), Bob McAdoo (x3), Bob Pettit (x3), Oscar Robertson (x3), Anthony Davis (x2), Joel Embiid (x2), Julius Erving (x2), Elvin Hayes (x2), Spencer Haywood (x2), Dan Issel (x2), Charles Barkley, Walt Bellamy, Larry Bird, Patrick Ewing, Moses Malone, George McGinnis, George Mikan, and David Robinson. Among these players, Knight remains the only one out of the eligible names to put up such a statline and not be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Furthermore, himself, Oscar Robertson, and Larry Bird are the only three to achieve such a statline while not playing at the center or power forward position. A versatile wing player, it was commonplace for Knight to switch between playing the small forward and shooting guard positions over the course of his eleven year professional career. Following a brief but successful tenure with the Buffalo Braves in the 1978 season, Knight's play slowly began to decline after facing the superior competition and talent level of the NBA. A primary reason for Knight's initial success in the NBA was the poor state of the Braves franchise upon his arrival. Having recently lost their MVP talent Bob McAdoo, the directionless Braves won only 27 games in Knight's lone season with the franchise. Knight's averages of 23 points and 7 rebounds would nevertheless be enough for the forward to make his third and final career all-star team. Knight departed from Buffalo via a trade that sent Knight, Tiny Archibald, Marvin Barnes, and a 1981 2nd round draft pick that would become Danny Ainge to the Boston Celtics in exchange for Sidney Wicks, Kermit Washington, Freeman Williams, and Kevin Kunnert. In Boston, Knight's scoring numbers dropped from 22.9 to 13.9. Knight remained a reliable role player throughout the remainder of his career, averaging between 12-17 points for the next five consecutive seasons. He ended his career as a member of the San Antonio Spurs, where he played alongside future Hall of Famers George Gervin and Artis Gilmore for 52 games. Prior to joining the Hawks organization in 2002, Knight worked as a front office executive with the Pacers and the Vancouver/Memphis Grizzlies. Knight's reign as GM of the Atlanta Hawks was marred by poor drafts. In 2004, he drafted Josh Childress over future All-Stars Luol Deng and Andre Iguodala. Childress wound up leaving the Atlanta Hawks to join a Greek franchise. In 2005, Billy Knight drafted UNC freshman phenom Marvin Williams over consensus top point guard and future 9-time All Star and 7-time All-NBA team point guard Chris Paul despite the roster's need for a point guard and glut of young players at the swing position between Josh Childress and Josh Smith. 2006 led to the selection of Sheldon Williams, an undersized power forward, despite glaring needs at guard and future all-star Brandon Roy available.
On May 7, 2008, Knight stepped down as Hawks GM. When announcing his resignation from the team he stated that he had left the Hawks "in much better shape than it was in when I took over." Knight currently lives in Atlanta, and continues to play tennis, a game he enjoys and began playing around the age of 30.


Drift netting is a fishing technique where nets, called drift nets, hang vertically in the water column without being anchored to the bottom. The nets are kept vertical in the water by floats attached to a rope along the top of the net and weights attached to another rope along the bottom of the net. Drift nets generally rely on the entanglement properties of loosely affixed netting. Folds of loose netting, much like a window drapery, snag on a fish's tail and fins and wrap the fish up in loose netting as it struggles to escape. However the nets can also function as gill nets if fish are captured when their gills get stuck in the net. The size of the mesh varies depending on the fish being targeted. These nets usually target schools of pelagic fish.
Traditionally drift nets were made of organic materials, such as hemp, which were biodegradable. Prior to 1950, nets tended to have a larger mesh size. The larger mesh only caught the larger fish, allowing the smaller, younger ones to slip through. When drift net fishing grew in scale during the 1950s, the industry changed to synthetic materials with smaller mesh size. Synthetic nets last longer, are odourless and may be nearly invisible in the water, and do not biodegrade.  Most countries regulate drift net fisheries within their territories.  Such fisheries are also often regulated by international agreements.
Drift net fishing became a commercial fishing practice because it is cost effective. Nets can be placed by low-powered vessels making it fuel efficient. Drift nets are also effective at bringing in large amounts of fish in one catch.
Prior to the 1960s net size was not limited, and commercially produced nets were commonly as long as 50 kilometres (31 mi). In 1987 the U.S. enacted the Driftnet Impact, Monitoring, Assessment and Control Act limiting the length of nets used in American waters to 1.5 nautical miles (≈1.7 miles, ≈2.778 km). In 1989 the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) placed a moratorium on the practice of drift net fishing. In 1992 the UN banned the use of drift nets longer than 2.5 km long in international waters.<PIC>  Any fish that crosses the path of a drift net in the ocean may be tangled or caught in the net. This leads to fish species becoming endangered or even extinct. Non-target individuals caught in the net are called by-catch. In 1994 United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (UNFAO) estimated global by-catch rates to be as high as 27 million tons of fish discarded by fisheries each year. Many individuals of non-target species perish as by-catch in the cast of each drift net. As a result, many such species are now endangered. Species caught as by-catch include sharks, dolphins, whales, turtles, sea birds, and other marine mammals. Since nets are placed and may not be retrieved for days, air-breathing mammals that become tangled in the nets drown if they are unable to free themselves. In certain areas, exemption from punitive measure due to the unintentional by-catch of marine mammals, as outlined by the Marine Mammal Protection Act, is extended to commercial drift fishermen.
In the 1990s, drift net fisheries were responsible for 30,000 tons of sharks and skates in global by-catch annually. While filming National Geographic's Incidental Kill in the California Channel Islands where swordfish and various sharks swim north, the divers discovered that many drift net boats had placed nets that night. The nets were one mile long each and nearly 100 feet (30 m) high placed to target swordfish and thresher sharks. They swam half the length of one net and in that length discovered 32 dead blue sharks in the net as well as 2 hammer head sharks, a sea lion, and a manta ray all of which were thrown back into the ocean when the net was hauled in.
Although long line fisheries are the main contributor to sea bird by-catch, sea birds are also caught in drift nets in significant numbers. Studies conducted on 30 small-scale drift net fisheries in the Baltic Sea estimate that 90,000 sea birds die annually in drift nets.
Bycatch is thrown back to the ocean either dead or with injuries that may result in death. If not eaten, dead animals decompose, as bacteria use oxygen to break down the organic matter. Large amounts of dead matter decomposing in the ocean causes the surrounding levels of dissolved oxygen to decrease. Drift nets lost or abandoned at sea due to storms causing strong currents, accidental loss, or purposeful discard become ghost nets. Synthetic nets are resistant to rot or breakdown, therefore ghost nets fish indefinitely in the oceans. Marine animals are easily tangled in ghost nets as are the predators the dead animals attract. The float line on the net allows it to be pushed in the current which causes ecological damage to plant life and substrate habitats as the nets drag the sea floor.
In addition, oceanic microplastics pollution is largely caused by plastic-made fishing gear like drift nets, that are wearing down by use, lost or thrown away. Most countries have jurisdiction over the waters within 200 nautical miles of their shores, called the exclusive economic zone, set by the Law of the Sea. Outside these boundaries lie international waters, or the high seas. While fishing in international waters, vessels must comply with regulations of the country in whose flag they fly, but there are no enforcers on the high seas. International waters make up 50% of the world's surface, yet are its least protected habitat.
Declining fish stocks have caused illegal fishing practices to increase. Illegal, unregulated, or unreported fishing catch between 11 and 26 million tons a year which accounts for one quarter of global catch. Illegal fishing includes taking undersized fish, fishing in closed waters, taking more fish than permitted, or fishing during seasonal closures. Illegal fishing is prominent due to lack of enforcement or punishments.
Despite controls, violations of drift net fishing laws are commonplace. The Mediterranean Sea is the most overexploited. With 21 modern states with coastline on the sea, there are many fisheries harvesting one small area. When drift net gear was banned, manufacturers modified the design of the nets so they no longer fell under the banned definition. A new definition was established in 2007 as "any gillnet held on the sea surface or at a certain distance below it by floating devices, drifting with the current, either independently or with the boat to which it may be attached. It may be equipped with devices aiming to stabilize the net or to limit drift".
Japanese drift net fishing began to draw public attention in the mid-1980s when Japan and other Asian countries began to send large fleets to the North Pacific Ocean to catch tuna and squid. Japan operated about 900 drift net vessels, earning around $300 million a year. Those fishing boats were blamed not only for  indiscriminate destruction of marine life, but also for poaching North Pacific salmon, harming the U.S. and Canadian fishing industries, and threatening the jobs of fishermen who did not use such methods. The first Bush administration opposed a U.S. driftnet ban because it would allegedly conflict with a treaty with Japan and Canada regarding salmon fishing in the North Pacific. Drift nets also are used in ecological studies in studying the downstream drift of invertebrates and Ichthyoplankton. The nets are strung across a stream and allowed to sit overnight, collecting samples. These nets are crucial in the understanding of how watersheds function. Quantitative estimates derived from drift nets used in this way in rivers need careful consideration given the clogging of the nets and decay in performance that can occur as a result.


Vice Admiral Edmund Battelle Taylor (4 April 1904 – 30 April 1973) was an admiral in the United States Navy. During World War II he saw service in the fighting in the Pacific, including the Battle of Cape Esperance, in which his ship, the USS Duncan was sunk, the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay and the Battle of the Philippine Sea. In the last months of the war he was the naval aide to the Secretary of the Navy, James Forrestal. After the war he commanded the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base and was commander of the Antisubmarine Defense Force, Atlantic Fleet, during the Cuban Missile Crisis.<PIC> Edmund B. Taylor was born in Chicago, Illinois, on 4 April 1904, the son of Edmund Blanton Taylor and Rebecca Attwood (Battelle) Taylor. He had three brothers, two of whom joined the Navy; the other joined the United States Air Force, and a sister. When Taylor was a boy, the family moved to Lima, Ohio, where he attended Central High School. On 1921, he was appointed to the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, where he became an accomplished athlete. He was a member of the varsity football team, serving as its Captain in 1924, and the varsity lacrosse team, in which he was All-American in 1924-25. He was also a member of the basketball and boxing teams.
Taylor graduated on 4 June 1925, and was commissioned as an ensign. He joined the crew of the battleship USS New York, but returned to Annapolis in August 1926 as an assistant coach of the football team. On 1 September 1926, he married a local girl, Elizabeth Fay Valiant. They had two children, a daughter and a son. In 1929, he returned to sea duty on the battleship USS Wyoming, where he was promoted to lieutenant (junior grade) on 4 June 1928. He joined the crew of the destroyer USS Hatfield in April 1929, and then the destroyer USS Leary in January 1931. In June 1932 he returned to Annapolis as an instructor in gunnery and an assistant coach of football and lacrosse. He was promoted to lieutenant on 1 August 1934. In June 1935, he became executive officer of the destroyer USS Philip and then, in December 1936, of the destroyer USS Perry. From June 1937 to May 1939, he was a flag lieutenant on the staff of the commander of Destroyers, Battle Force. Between June 1939 and February 1942, Taylor worked in the  Records Section of the Officer Personnel Division in the Bureau of Navigation}, with the rank of lieutenant commander from 1 July 1939. In February 1942, he assumed command of the newly-commissioned destroyer USS Duncan, with the rank of commander from 1 August 1942. On 20 June 1942 Duncan set sail from New York, bound for the South Pacific Area. She joined Task Force 18, as part of the destroyer screen around the aircraft carrier USS Wasp. Wasp was torpedoed by a Japanese submarine on 15 September, and so badly damaged that she had to be sunk by United States ships. Duncan collected survivors from the carrier, transferring 701 to other ships, and took 18 wounded and two dead bodies to the base hospital on Espiritu Santo, which she reached on 16 September. Taylor was issued a Letter of Commendation. On 11 October 1942 Duncan formed part of the screen of Task Force 64, protecting convoy carrying reinforcements to Guadalcanal, when a Japanese surface force was encountered. In the resulting Battle of Cape Esperance, Duncan fired torpedoes at the Japanese cruiser Furutaka but was damaged by shellfire. The bridge was cut off by fire, and Taylor was forced to leave it by jumping over the side. Attempts to put out the fires and save the ship failed, and she sank on 12 October. He was awarded the Navy Cross. His citation read:
For extraordinary heroism during action against enemy Japanese naval forces off Savo Island on October 11, 1942. Although his ship had sustained heavy damage under hostile bombardment, Lieutenant Commander Taylor, by skillful maneuvering, successfully launched torpedoes which contributed to the destruction of a Japanese cruiser. Maintaining the guns of the Duncan in effective fire throughout the battle, he, when the vessel was finally put out of action, persistently employed to the fullest extent all possible measures to extinguish raging fires and control severe damage. Taylor received a new command, of the destroyer USS Bennett, which was commissioned on 9 February 1943, with the rank of captain from 20 May 1943. Bennett sailed to the South Pacific, where she supported the landings at Cape Torokina in November 1944 and on Green Islands in February 1944, and bombarded the Japanese base at Kavieng on New Ireland on 18 February 1944 and at Rabaul on New Britain 29 February. He was awarded the Bronze Star. His citation read:
For meritorious service in action against the enemy...operating in the Bismarck Archipelago area on the night of February 24–25, 1944. Commander Taylor led his ships deep into enemy held waters in a harassing night raid and bombardment of Japanese installations in the vicinity of Rabaul. Despite known enemy shore batteries and possible mine fields, he directed the attack at close range, which resulted in severe damage to supply areas and ammunition dumps. Due to his excellent seamanship and skillful execution of the attack, no damage was inflicted on any of his ships.
Taylor commanded Destroyer Division 90 from August 1943 to May 1944, participating in the Empress Augusta Bay, and Destroyer Squadron 45 from May 1944 to November 1944.  He was awarded the Silver Star for the Battle of the Philippine Sea. In December 1944, he became the naval aide to the Secretary of the Navy, James Forrestal. After the war, Taylor returned to Annapolis again as its head of the Department of Physical Training and Director of Athletics in My 1946. In July 1948, he became Assistant Chief of Staff for Operations on the staff of the Commander in Chief, Pacific. From January 1950 to January 1951 he commanded the heavy cruiser USS Salem. After service in the Bureau of Naval Personnel at the Navy Department from February to December 1951, he became assistant to the Under Secretary of the Navy. Promoted to Rear Admiral on 1 September 1952, he commanded Destroyer Flotilla 2 in the Atlantic, and then, from February 1954 until September 1955, the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base. He was Chief of Information at the Navy Department from September 1955 to December 1957 and then Commander Destroyer Force, US Atlantic Fleet from January 1958 to December 1959. He was promoted to vice admiral in 30 December 1959, and commanded Antisubmarine Defense Force, Atlantic Fleet from January 1960 until November 1963, which included during the Cuban Missile Crisis. His final posting before retirement on 1 May 1966 was as commandant of the Fifth Naval District in Norfolk, Virginia. Taylor died in a Virginia Beach, Virginia, hospital on 30 April 1973 as a result of a heart attack. A memorial service was held at the Chapel-in-the-Woods at the Naval Air Station, Norfolk, and he was buried in the Woodlawn Memorial Gardens. He was survived by his wife, daughter Faye, and three brothers. His son, Navy Captain Edmund B. Taylor Jr., was killed in a helicopter accident in Vietnam on 8 May 1972. Source: Source:


Marian Leslie Hobbs (born 18 December 1947) is a New Zealand politician who was a Labour Member of Parliament from 1996 to 2008. She was initially a list MP and then (from 1999) represented the Wellington Central electorate. She served as Minister for the Environment and, later, as one of two Assistant Speakers of the House of Representatives. She represented the Dunedin constituency of the Otago Regional Council from 2019 to 2021.<PIC> Hobbs was raised in Christchurch and was educated at St Dominic's College, Dunedin. Before entering politics, Hobbs worked as a teacher at Aranui High School and was the principal of Avonside Girls' High School in Christchurch. She helped to establish the Chippenham commune in Christchurch and is by religious affiliation a Friend (Quaker). In 1993, Hobbs was awarded the New Zealand Suffrage Centennial Medal.
After leaving school she renounced her Catholic beliefs, later becoming a Quaker. At university she was a student radical and joined the Communist Party. Hobbs marched with HART in the 1981 Springbok tour to oppose Apartheid. After the tour she developed a strong interest in Māori issues and became fluent in the language. In May 1996, she was offered the position of principal of Wellington Girls' College, but never ended up taking the job, instead moving into Parliament on the Labour list. Hobbs stood unsuccessfully in the 1994 Selwyn by-election where she came a distant third. She contested the Kaikoura electorate in the 1996 election and came second to National Party's Doug Kidd, but entered Parliament via the Labour list, where she was ranked 12th.
In the 1999 election, Hobbs won the Wellington Central electorate, defeating the incumbent member, ACT Party leader Richard Prebble. After Labour's electoral victory in 1999, Hobbs joined the Cabinet, becoming Minister for the Environment, Minister of Biosecurity, Minister of Broadcasting, and Minister Responsible for the National Library of New Zealand and Archives New Zealand. In February 2001, she briefly resigned from Cabinet while an enquiry investigated her allowance-claims; she returned in late March after receiving official clearance.
As Minister of Broadcasting, Hobbs set a code of practice for New Zealand commercial radio, specifying that 20 percent of music played should have New Zealand origins.
Following the 2002 general election, Hobbs continued as the Minister for the Environment and Minister Responsible for the National Library and Archives New Zealand, and picked up new roles as Minister of Disarmament and Arms Control, Associate Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade with responsibility for Official Development Assistance, Associate Minister for Biosecurity, Associate Minister of Education, and Minister Responsible for Urban Affairs. In 2004, Hobbs told Prime Minister Helen Clark that she did not expect to seek a post in Cabinet again after the 2005 general election. Hobbs contested the election and was returned to the Wellington Central electorate with a 6,180 majority over the National Party candidate, Mark Blumsky. She made her decision about not seeking a Cabinet role public during the negotiations to form a government in October 2005.
After resigning from Cabinet, Hobbs served briefly as Labour's party Vice-President and became the Assistant Speaker of the House in March 2008, after Ann Hartley resigned.
In December 2006 Hobbs announced (during a radio interview) that she would not seek re-election at the 2008 general election, confirming much speculation to that effect. She was succeeded in Wellington Central by Grant Robertson, who had worked for her while she was a minister. Before leaving Parliament, Hobbs signalled her intention to work as a teacher in the United Kingdom, in compensation for never having made a traditional working-holiday as a young woman. She spent two years as the Headteacher at Prince William School in Oundle, Northamptonshire, United Kingdom.
Hobbs stood as a Labour candidate for the Otago Regional Council at the 2019 local elections and was successful. On 23 October, she was elected as chair, with Michael Laws as her deputy. In a vote on 8 July 2020, she lost the role and was replaced by councillor Andrew Noone. She resigned from the council on 1 November 2021. Hobbs had one son, Daniel, with her first husband Walter Logeman. Her second marriage was to maths teacher Geoff Norris with whom she unexpectedly had a daughter, Claire.
Her father was Leslie Hobbs, a political journalist, who wrote The Thirty-Year Wonders, a history of the First and Second Labour Governments and their members.


Nayla Tamraz is a Lebanese writer, art critic, curator, researcher and professor of Literature and Art History at Saint Joseph University of Beirut. She obtained her PhD in Comparative Literature (Literature and Art) from the New Sorbonne University (Paris III) in 2004.<PIC> Along with teaching Literature and Art History, Nayla Tamraz has also been, from 2008 to 2017, the Chair of the French Literature Department at Saint Joseph University of Beirut. In 2010, she designed, proposed and launched the MA and PhD program in Art Criticism and Curatorial Studies that she heads. Nayla Tamraz has also designed, organized, curated and co-curated several cultural events including the symposium "Littérature, Art et Monde Contemporain: Récits, Histoire, Mémoire" (2014, Beirut) and the exhibition "Poetics, Politics, Places" that took place in Tucumán, Argentina, from September to December 2017, in the frame of the International Biennale of Contemporary Art of South America (BienalSur). Nayla Tamraz' current research explores the issues related to the comparative theory and aesthetics of literature and art, which brings her to the topics of history, memory and narratives in literature and art in post-war Lebanon.  Since 2014, she's been developing a multi-disciplinary seminar and research platform on the paradigm of modernity. Her research leads her to question the relationship between poetics and politics as well as the representations associated with the notion of territory.  Proust Portrait Peinture, Paris, Orizons, 2010
Littérature, art et monde contemporain: récits, histoire, mémoire, Beirut, Presses de l'USJ, 2015 Co-editor, with Claire Launchbury, special issue of the Contemporary French and Francophone studies entitled War, Memory, Amnesia: Postwar Lebanon, Routledge, volume 18, issue No. 5, 2014 "Le poème de Jad Hatem ou une poétique de la révélation" in Acanthe, French literature publications, Saint Joseph University, volume 19, 2001, pp. 73–79.
"Le patriarche di Grado exorcisant un possédé dans Albertine disparue" in Acanthe, French literature publications, Saint Joseph University, volume 20, 2002, pp. 19–32
"Transgression et littérature" in Acanthe, French literature publications, Saint Joseph University, volume 21-22, 2003–2004, pp. 337–363
"Miss Sacripant d'Elstir: leçon d'art, leçon de vie" in Travaux et jours, Saint Joseph University, No. 75, 2005, pp. 171–210
"Le corps foudroyé dans Figures de la foudre: Méditations poétiques sur trois sculptures de Réthy Tambourji de Jad Hatem" in Plaisance, Rivista quadrimestrale di letteratura francese moderna e contemporanea, Rome, No. 10, 4th year, 2007, pp. 117–130
"L'image dans le texte: Albertine comme sujet pictural dans À la recherche du temps perdu de Marcel Proust" in Acanthe, French literature publications, Saint Joseph University, volume 24-25, 2006–2007, pp. 133–166
"La géographie subjective dans quelques romans de Richard Millet" in Travaux et jours, Saint Joseph University, No. 81, 2008–2009, pp. 65–73
"Pour une poétique de l'interpicturalité" in Acanthe, French literature publications, Saint Joseph University, volume 26-27, 2008–2009, pp. 109–121
"Sympathie et système de valeurs: pour une réception de La Confession négative de Richard Millet" in Littératures, No. 63, 2011, Presses universitaires du Mirail, pp. 111–124
"Le roman contemporain libanais et la guerre" in Contemporary French and Francophone Studies/ War, Memory, Amnesia: Postwar Lebanon, Routledge, volume 18, issue No. 5, 2014, pp. 462–469
"Philippe de Champaigne et Blaise Pascal: dans l'enceinte de Port-Royal" in Acanthe, French literature publications, Saint Joseph University, volume 33, 2015, pp. 101–113
"Pour une lecture de la ruine: Berytus de Rabee Jaber et Attempt 137 to Map the Drive de Jalal Toufic et Grazielle Rizkallah Toufic" in Littérature, art et monde contemporain: récits, histoire, mémoire, Beirut, Presses de l'USJ, pp. 201–221
"Georges Schehadé: The Available Landscape" in The Place That Remains: Recounting the Un-built Territory, Lausanne, Skira, 2018, p. 166
Mapping the City” in Saradar Collection Art Essays, online publication, May 2020, 15 pages. "Quand les mots deviennent image: pour une lecture des écrits poétiques de Georgé Chaanine" in Esquisse, Art magazine, No. 3, May 2001, p. 26
"Alberto Giacometti, une ligne déchirant l'espace" in Esquisse, Art magazine, No. 3, May 2001, pp. 62–65
Ayman Baalbaki's Mythological City, Beirut, Alarm Editions, 2009
"Wael Shawky: la réécriture de l'histoire" in L'Art même, plastic arts chronicle of the French Community of Belgium, No. 51, 2nd quarter of 2011, p. 18
"Mireille Kassar, AntiNarcissus" in Art Press, No. 431, March 2016, pp. 65–68
"Where I End and You Begin: Experiencing the Mountain", photographies by Nadim Asfar, May 2016
"Sifr", Hady Sy, January 2017
"On Marginalisation, Activism and Feminism", dialogue with Etel Adnan, Lamia Joreige and Tagreed Darghouth, in Selections, No. 42, September 2017, pp. 48–61
Catalogue of the exhibition Poetics, Politics, Places, November 2017
"Dreaming History" in Essays and Stories on Photography in Lebanon, Kaph publisher, 2018, pp. 297–299 Passantes, Photographs by Alain Brenas, Beirut, Presses de l'Académie libanaise des Beaux-Arts, 2013 Le Secret, Espace Ygreg, Les bons voisins, Paris, France, April 4-April 28, 2017 (Co-curator)
Poetics, Politics, Places, Timoteo Navarro Museum, Tucumán, Argentina, September–December 2017: In the frame of the International Biennale of Contemporary Art of South America (Curator)


Sheikh Jafar ibn Hussein ibn Ali Shooshtari (born 1230 AH, 1814/1815 AD, died 20 Safar 1303 AH/28 November 1885) was a prominent Shia scholar from the city of Shooshtar.<PIC> He was born in 1230 AH in Shooshtar. He was a descendant of Ali ibn Hussain Najjar who was a great Shia scholar of 11th century AH. His paternal lineage is as follows: Jafar son of Hussein son of Hassan son of Ali son of Ali AlNajjar Shooshtari.  He moved to Kadhimiya in early childhood with his father. He was taught by Sheikh Mohammad Al-e-Yasin, Sheikh AbdulNabi Kazemi and Sheikh Ismail ibn Asadollah Kazemi. He then returned to Shooshtar and then went to Karbala to study under Sheikh Mohammad Hossein Esfahani and Sharif ol Olama. Then he moved to Najaf to study under Sheikh Ansari. He returned to Shooshtar in 1255 AH and wrote "Menhaj ol Ershad" and built a Husseinya. In 1287 AH the tomb of prophet Daniel in Susa was repaired by the order of Shaikh Jafar in the hands of Haj Mulla Hassan Memar.  Then he returned to Karbala. He then made a trip to Iran to visit the tomb of Ali Al-Ridha. On the way, he stopped at Ray, where many scholars and clerics on the order of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar visited him and asked him to stay in Tehran. He accepted and moved to Tehran and held the prayers in Marvi Mosque.
Sheikh Jafar was such a gifted speaker and his sermons were so emotional that they attracted thousands. The number of attendees grew so much that Marvi Mosque could not fit the crowd anymore. With the suggestion of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, he moved to Sepahsalar Mosque, and according to one of his students, 40,000 people attended his sermons. His sermons were so emotional, that often even clerics in the audience started weeping. Many have reported that Nasser Al-Din Shah Qajar himself was often coming to his sermons in an anonymous outfit.
After spending some time in Tehran, he made a trip to Mashhad and then returned to Tehran again. Shah suggested that he should stay in Tehran, but he said that he wants to be buried next to his master Ali Ibn Abi Talib in Najaf. Sheikh Mohammad Hassan Saheb Javaher
Sheikh Morteza Ansari
Sheikh Ali ibn Jafar Kashef al Ghata
Sheikh Mohammad Hossein Saheb Fosool
Sheikh Ismail Kazemi
Sheikh Hassan ibn Jafar Kashef Al Ghata
Sheikh Razi Najafi
Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi Mirza Mohammad Hamedani
Seyyed Abdulsamad Jazayeri
Agha Mirza Ebrahim
Molla Ahmad Naraghi
Sheikh Ali ibn Reza Kashef Al Ghata Sheikh Jafar became ill on his way to Iraq to visit the tomb of Ali ibn Abi Talib and died in the Karand area between Iran and Iraq. His students moved his body to Iraq and buried him there. There is a mosque in Najaf in his honor. Menhaj ol Ershad, in Persian.
Al Khasaes Al Hosseinya
Majales Al Mavaez
Favaed Al Mashahed va Natayej Al Maghased
Osol Al Din
Dame ol Ain
Lavaeh Allavahein
Foyouzat Masoudieh
Aldor Alnazid fi Khasaes Al Hossein Al Shahid


Susanne Albrecht (born 1 March 1951) is a former member of the Red Army Faction. Albrecht was the daughter of a successful maritime lawyer, and spent her childhood living in a wealthy suburb of Hamburg. She did not fit in well in public school, and was later sent to a private school in Holzminden. In 1971 she attended the University of Hamburg where she studied sociology, and it was around this time that she became interested in Marxism. She joined several political groups and even a squatters group before moving into an apartment with Karl-Heinz Dellwo. She also began to mingle with some Red Army Faction (RAF) members, such as Ilse Stachowiak, to whom she sometimes gave her ID papers.
In 1974, along with Dellwo and a few other people who all later became involved with the RAF, she joined the Committee Against the Torture of Political Prisoners in West Germany, which protested against the conditions that several imprisoned RAF terrorists were living in.
In Hamburg, she rented an apartment with six other people which had no shower or bath. She was known to have said about her former home-life; "I was sick of pigging out on caviar and smoked salmon." She, along with Sigrid Sternebeck and Silke Maier-Witt (who were collectively known as the Hamburg Aunties), became very important to the left-wing scene and Albrecht began to further strengthen her connection to the RAF. In July 1977, Albrecht visited her sister's godfather Jürgen Ponto, chairman of the Dresdner Bank, with whom her family was on such close terms that she called him "Uncle Jürgen". She was accompanied by Brigitte Mohnhaupt and Christian Klar. Together they attempted to kidnap Ponto, but once he resisted he was shot by Mohnhaupt and Klar and murdered. A communique was issued after Ponto's murder, signed by Albrecht, which read
it had not been clear to us that these people, who start wars in the Third World and destroy entire populations, are dumbfounded when violence faces them in their own house.
Between 1978 and 1979, Albrecht travelled to Yemen, where she trained in guerilla warfare in a Palestinian training camp.
In June 1979, Albrecht, alongside Werner Lotze and Rolf Clemens Wagner, attempted to assassinate NATO commander-in-chief Alexander Haig in Mons, Belgium by detonating explosives near his car. The attempt failed, however, and Haig was not injured as the bomb exploded too late.
In 1980, Albrecht fled to the German Democratic Republic where she was protected by the Stasi and given a new identity. In East Germany, Albrecht worked as an English translator under the name Ingrid Jäger, and married a scientist, with whom she had a son. Neither knew of her past. She lived in Köthen, but in 1986 she was recognised when West German television reports were broadcast regarding information on the RAF, prompting her to move to Berlin. However when Germany was reunified she was found living as a housewife under the name "Becker" and was arrested, the first of eight arrests in a ten-day period, in front of her apartment on 6 June 1990. She was sentenced to twelve years imprisonment by the upper state court in Stuttgart. However, she had served only half her term when she was paroled in 1996.
Albrecht has been working as a German language teacher to immigrant children in a Bremen primary school under an assumed name.<PIC>


Charles Barthell Moran (February 22, 1878 – June 14, 1949), nicknamed "Uncle Charley", was an American sportsman who gained renown as both a catcher and umpire in Major League Baseball and as a collegiate and professional American football coach.<PIC> Moran was born in Nashville, Tennessee to an Irish Protestant family. He played football for the University of Tennessee in 1897, but left after one year to go to Bethel College, where he coached football as well as playing the sport.
Moran coached the University of Nashville football team in 1900 and 1901. The 1901 team was one of the South's greatest. Moran played minor league baseball in 1902 for teams in Little Rock, Chattanooga and Dallas.
In 1903, Moran pitched for the National League's St. Louis Cardinals, who finished in last place, but he appeared in only three games (plus another as a shortstop) before injuring his arm. He posted a 5.25 earned run average in his brief tenure of 24 innings, being charged with a loss without earning a win, but also batted .429. He went back to the minor leagues to manage the Dallas Giants in 1904, and continued playing with teams in Galveston (1905), Waco and Cleburne (1906), Grand Rapids (1906–07) and Savannah (1908). The 1906 Cleburne team won the Texas League championship. He returned to the Cardinals as a catcher in 1908 and played in 21 games, batting .175 as the team again finished last.
His minor league career continued with teams in Milwaukee, Mobile, New Orleans, Dallas and Montgomery until he suffered a broken leg in 1912. He briefly played with teams in Chattanooga and Brunswick in 1913 before retiring as a player. After managing an Austin team in 1914, he began umpiring, in the Texas League in 1915–16 and the Southern Association in 1917.  Moran began coaching football in 1909 at Texas A&M, where he accumulated a 38–8–4 record as head coach over six seasons through 1914. Note: This may be incorrect as he was elevated to head coach after the second game of the 1909 season. He then became the trainer for Head Coach Victor "Choctaw" Kelley at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in 1915. He became a National League umpire in 1918, a job he held through the 1939 season. He officiated in four World Series (1927, 1929, 1933, and 1938), serving as crew chief on the last two occasions. He was behind the plate on May 8, 1929, when Carl Hubbell of the New York Giants pitched an 11–0 no-hitter against the Pittsburgh Pirates. Moran also resumed his career as a football head coach in 1917 at Centre College, where he had a 42–6–1 record in five seasons. He had previously been working as an assistant coach at Carlisle, and had visited Centre to see his son Tom—later an NFL player with the New York Giants—play; after helping the team prepare for an important contest he was offered the head coaching job by the school. The first two games of the 1917 season were coached by Robert L. "Chief" Myers, and the rest by Moran. According to Centre publications, "Myers realized he was dealing with a group of exceptional athletes, who were far beyond his ability to coach. He needed someone who could do the team justice, and found that person in Charles Moran." His record included undefeated seasons in 1919 and 1921, when the team was led on the field by Hall of Fame quarterback Bo McMillin. On October 29, 1921, Moran guided Centre College to a historic 6–0 upset of Harvard, which had been unbeaten the previous two seasons. The game, commonly abbreviated "C6-H0", was ranked the 3rd biggest upset in college football history by ESPN.
During the 1921 season Moran began a friendship with future baseball commissioner Happy Chandler, who was then a player on an opposing Transylvania University team. Moran then moved to Bucknell University, where he had a 19–10–2 record from 1924 through 1926. He was co-coach with Ed Weir of the NFL's Frankford Yellow Jackets in 1927, but left after the team managed only a 6–9–3 season. His final coaching job was at Catawba College from 1930 through 1933, where he had a 22–11–5 record. Moran died of heart disease at age 71 in Horse Cave, Kentucky, and was buried at Horse Cave Cemetery. He was named to the Texas A&M Athletic Hall of Fame in 1968.


Mario Gavranović ([mâːrio ɡaʋrǎːnoʋitɕ]; born 24 November 1989) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a forward for Süper Lig club Kayserispor and the Switzerland national team.  Gavranović began his career with AS Vezia, before he was scouted by Team Ticino U18, the youth academy of FC Lugano. In the 2006–07 season, he played his first professional games in the Swiss Challenge League for FC Lugano. In his second season he scored eight goals in 21 games. In the summer of 2008 he signed for Yverdon-Sport and scored another eight goals in only 20 games. For the 2008–09 season, he moved to Neuchâtel Xamax. After a successful start at Neuchâtel Xamax having scored eight goals in 17 games, Gavranović left his team to sign for Schalke 04 on 1 February 2010. He scored a vital goal for Schalke 04 in the Round of 16 in the Champions League against Valencia, which led his team to a 4–2 victory and a place in the quarter-finals. Gavranović joined fellow Bundesliga side Mainz on a season-long loan deal on 31 August 2011. Mainz reportedly paid €200,000 to secure his services and the loan included a deal for a permanent transfer worth €1.5 million.<PIC> After only making five appearances during his loan spell, Gavranović returned to Schalke at which point he agreed to cancel his contract in May 2012 and moved on a free transfer to FC Zürich in the summer. He made his debut for Zürich on 15 July 2012, and scored his first goal from the penalty spot in the same match, a 1–1 draw with FC Luzern.
Gavranović scored Zürich's winning goal against reigning champions FC Basel on 11 August 2013 in the fifth round of the Swiss Super League. He scored Zürich's first goal as the club twice came from behind to defeat FC Stade Lausanne Ouchy 3-2 in the second round of the Swiss Cup on 15 September. On 24 November, Gavranović netted twice in the second half of Zürich's Super League clash with FC Sion, inspiring his side to a 4–1 victory.
In the Zürich Derby match against Grasshoppers on 1 March 2014, Gavranović scored a goal in either half to give Zürich a 3-1 win. On 21 April 2014, Gavranović scored twice in extra-time to lead Zürich to a 2–0 victory over Basel in the final of the Swiss Cup.
After suffering a knee injury in training at the World Cup, Gavranović was sidelined for the rest of 2014. On 18 January 2016, Gavranović moved to HNK Rijeka in Croatia. He signed a 2+1⁄2-year contract with the club and joined their pre-season training camp in Dubai. Gavranović scored on his official club début on 12 February 2016, converting a cross by Roman Bezjak in the 25th minute to double Rijeka's lead against Lokomotiva. In two years with the club Gavranović scored 40 goals in 80 appearances. On 5 January 2018, Gavranović joined Dinamo Zagreb as part of player exchange deal involving Domagoj Pavičić and Luka Capan. He signed a three-year contract with the club and selected the number 11 jersey. With a move to the new club and a successful spring season, Gavranović was determined to secure a place in Switzerland's squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. During his official presentation in Zagreb Gavranović revealed that all of his family members are Dinamo supporters and since the early age he was also encouraged to support the club.
He scored his first goal for the club in a 1–0 win over Slaven Belupo on 4 March. On 7 March, he scored against his former club Rijeka, but Dinamo would go on to lose the match 4–1. He scored again in a 2–0 win over Rudeš on 17 March and then scored against Istra 1961 in a 4–0 away win on 8 April. Gavranović scored twice in a 2–1 away win over rivals Hajduk Split, which moved Dinamo closer to securing a 19th league title.
He was released from Dinamo at the end of his contract on 30 July 2020. However, he returned to the club just three weeks later due to injury of club's first striker Bruno Petković. On 17 October, he scored his first hat-trick for Dinamo as they defeated Gorica 3–2. Gavranović represented Switzerland on U-21 level in 14 games and scored three goals. On 26 March 2011, he made senior team debut in the 0–0 draw with Bulgaria in a Euro 2012 qualifier. His first goals arrived in a brace scored in a 4–2 friendly win over Croatia on 15 August 2012.
Gavranović was named in the final 23-man squad for the World Cup in Brazil on 13 May 2014. On 29 June, he sustained a serious knee injury in training, ruling him out for the rest of the World Cup and until early 2015.
Gavranović was named in manager Vladimir Petković's 23-man Swiss squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. He played his first ever World Cup match in the second Group E match versus Serbia, entering at the start of the second half and giving an injury time assist which was finished by Xherdan Shaqiri for a 2–1 comeback win.
Gavranović was named in Petković's 26-man squad for the UEFA Euro 2020. On 28 June 2021, he was substituted for Shaqiri in the 73rd minute of the Round of 16 match against France. He scored Switzerland's third goal, tying the score at 3–3. After extra time and a penalty shoot-out, Switzerland won 5–4 (with Gavranović successfully converting his penalty) and qualified for the quarter-finals. That was the first time in history that Switzerland progressed to the European Championship quarter-finals, and the first time since the 1954 FIFA World Cup that they progressed to quarter-finals of a major tournament. Gavranović is a Bosnian Croat, hailing from Gradačac in Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2016, Gavranović is married to Anita, a Bosnian Croat from Derventa. In May 2019, Anita gave birth to a baby girl whom they named Leonie.
Gavranović is a polyglot; he speaks Croatian, Italian, French, German and English.  As of 7 November 2021
Appearance(s) in UEFA Champions League
Appearance(s) in UEFA Europa League
Six appearances and three goals in UEFA Champions League, four appearances and three goals in UEFA Europa League
Five appearances and one goal in UEFA Champions League, eight appearances and one goal in UEFA Europa League
Appearance in Croatian Football Super Cup
Two appearances in UEFA Champions League, eight appearances and one goal in UEFA Europa League As of match played 5 June 2022
As of 12 October 2021
Scores and results list Switzerland's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Gavranović goal. Schalke 04
DFB-Pokal: 2010–11
Zürich
Swiss Cup: 2013–14, 2015–16
Rijeka
Prva HNL: 2016–17
Croatian Cup: 2016–17
Dinamo Zagreb
Prva HNL: 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21
Croatian Cup: 2017–18, 2020–21
Croatian Super Cup: 2019
Switzerland U21
UEFA European Under-21 Championship runner-up: 2011
Individual
Croatian Cup top scorer: 2016–17
Football Oscar – Prva HNL Team of the Year: 2017, 2018


Jeffrey Curtis Ayres (born Jeffrey Curtis Orcutt; April 29, 1987), formerly known as Jeff Pendergraph, is an American professional basketball player for Niigata Albirex BB of the B.League. He attended Etiwanda High School in Rancho Cucamonga, California and played college basketball for Arizona State University. Ayres attended Arizona State for four seasons, finishing with career averages of 12.6 points, 7.5 rebounds, 1.04 blocked shots and a 58.0 percent shooting accuracy. In his sophomore season, he grabbed a career-high 19 rebounds in a 52–36 victory over Colgate on December 19, 2006. As a senior, Ayres averaged 14.5 points and was named to the Pac-10's First Team. His 66.0 percent field goal mark led the nation. On January 4, 2009, he scored a career-high 31 points, along with a game-high 11 rebounds, in a 90–60 win over Stanford with twenty-one of those points being tallied in the first half.  On June 25, 2009, Ayres was selected by the Sacramento Kings with the 31st overall pick of the 2009 NBA draft, only to be traded to the Portland Trail Blazers in exchange for Sergio Rodríguez, the draft rights to Jon Brockman and cash considerations. On September 8, he signed a contract with the Trail Blazers and joined them for the 2009 Summer League, starting all five games and averaging 10.8 points, 7.6 rebounds, 0.6 assists and 1.2 blocked shots. On December 22, he made his NBA debut in an 85–81 win against the Dallas Mavericks, in which he scored 2 points in 4 minutes of playing time.
Ayres scored a career-high 23 points on the last regular season game of the 2009–10 NBA season on April 14, 2010, against the Golden State Warriors. He was waived by the Trail Blazers prior to the start of the 2011 season after suffering a season-ending knee injury during a pre-season game against the Utah Jazz. Ayres was signed by the Indiana Pacers for the 2011–12 season. Before the start of the season he was sidelined with a mild sprain in his knee, suffered when he injured it during a December 10, 2011 practice. On April 23, 2012, Ayres got his first start for the Pacers in a 103–97 win against the Detroit Pistons. In 18 minutes of play he scored 10 points with 7 rebounds, 1 assist and 2 blocks.
On June 4, 2013, Ayres was ejected from Game 7 of the 2013 Eastern Conference Finals by referee Ken Mauer after a shoving match with Miami Heat guard Norris Cole, who was also ejected in the fourth quarter. Entertainer Flo Rida's manager was also ejected after an ongoing verbal spat with Ayres. On July 11, 2013, Ayres signed with the San Antonio Spurs and made his debut on October 30 in a 101–94 win against the Memphis Grizzlies, recording two points, two rebounds, two assists and one block in 11 minutes of playing time. On June 15, 2014, Ayres won his first NBA championship after the Spurs defeated the Miami Heat 4 games to 1 in the 2014 NBA Finals. On October 31, 2015, Ayres was selected by the Idaho Stampede with the first overall pick in the 2015 NBA Development League Draft. On November 13, he made his debut with Idaho in a 110–106 loss to the Rio Grande Valley Vipers, recording 18 points, 9 rebounds, 4 assists, 1 block and one steal in 39 minutes of action. On January 29, 2016, he was named in the West All-Star team for the 2016 NBA D-League All-Star Game.
On January 23, 2016, Ayres signed a 10-day contract with the Los Angeles Clippers. The next day, he made his debut in a 112–94 loss to the Toronto Raptors, recording two points, one rebound and one assist in five minutes. On February 2, he signed a second 10-day contract with the Clippers. On February 12, the Clippers did not renew his contract, making him a free agent. On February 20, Ayres returned to Idaho, appearing on the team bench that night.
On March 4, 2016, Idaho traded Ayres to the Los Angeles D-Fenders in exchange for a 2016 first-round draft pick. The next day, he made his debut for the D-Fenders in a 127–117 win over the Texas Legends, recording 16 points and 10 rebounds in 26 minutes off the bench. At the season's end, he was named to the All-NBA D-League First Team.
On March 16, 2016, Ayres returned to the Clippers, signing with the team for the rest of the season. On September 22, 2016, Ayres signed a two-month contract with Russian club CSKA Moscow. Following the expiration of his contract, he parted ways with CSKA on November 23, 2016. In seven games he averaged 5.4 points and 3.6 rebounds per game.
On December 1, 2016, Ayres was reacquired by the Los Angeles D-Fenders. On February 16, 2017, Ayres signed with Alvark Tokyo of the Japanese B.League. On August 12, 2017, Ayres signed with Eskişehir Basket of the Turkish Basketball Super League.<PIC> On September 4, 2018, Ayres signed with Ryukyu Golden Kings of the B.League. He signed with Nagoya Diamond Dolphins on June 20, 2020. He signed with Niigata Albirex BB on June 29, 2021. On May 25, 2022, Ayres was drafted by Bivouac with the eighth overall pick of the 2022 BIG3 draft. Jeff Ayres played for Team Challenge ALS in the 2018 edition of The Basketball Tournament. In two games with Eberlein Drive, he averaged 6.5 points per game and 2.5 rebounds per game on 100 percent shooting. Team Challenge ALS made it to the West Regional Championship Game before falling to eventual tournament runner-up Eberlein Drive.     Jeff Ayres married long time girlfriend Raneem Ayres in 2012. The two have 3 children together. In August 2013, he made an Arizona court filing to change his surname from Pendergraph to Ayres, replacing the surname of his stepfather with that of his biological father. The change was formally announced in September 2013.


McCarty Memorial Christian Church is a Gothic Revival church of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) located at 4101 West Adams Boulevard in the historic West Adams district of Los Angeles, California. McCarty was founded in 1932 as a white congregation, and gained attention when it integrated and became a multi-racial congregation in the mid-1950s.<PIC> The church was built in 1932 in the English Gothic Revival style. Among the Church's notable features are stained glass windows with intricate Gothic tracery, arcaded ambulatories, and a 130-foot landmark tower with an elaborate open belfry. The church was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in January 2002. Three months later, McCarty was one of 18 Los Angeles structures to be awarded a "Preserve L.A." grant from the J. Paul Getty Trust. The grant was provided to review historical documentation of the church, assess current materials and condition, and develop a maintenance plan and schedule. The authors of An Architectural Guidebook to Los Angeles call McCarty an excellent example of the city's reinforced-concrete churches of the late 1920s and describe the architectural style as "Gothic, partially English, and partially French."  The church was built and paid for by Dr. and Mrs. Isaac A. McCarty, who had traveled widely in the United States and Europe "studying church architecture against the time when they were ready to further the Kingdom of God." The church was dedicated in May 1932 on the McCartys' 45th wedding anniversary. The Los Angeles Times reported that the church was "built and furnished at a cost of $250,000 on a $30,000 site." Dr. McCarty imported many of the interior features from Czechoslovakia.  The Times called the church, designed by Thomas P. Barber and Paul Kingsbury, "one of the finest examples of pure Gothic architecture in America." The dedication ceremony was attended by Los Angeles Mayor John Porter and Charles C. Chapman. Dr. McCarty died two years later in May 1934, and his funeral was held at the church he built.
The founding pastor at McCarty was Dr. Bruce Brown, who served as the pastor until 1942 and died in 1957. Brown was succeeded by Dr. O. James Sowell, who was pastor from 1942 until 1952, when he left the church to become an evangelist. He was next followed by the Rev. James Clark Brown, who served as pastor for seven months from 1952 to 1953. The Rev. Kring Allen was credited with successfully integrating the McCarty Church. Interviewed by the Los Angeles Times in 1967, Allen, who had been the pastor at McCarty since 1954, noted: "Our neighborhood is 85% Negro. So's our church, I would guess, although I don't know. You lose your color sense when you stop thinking about it. I lost mine." When Allen arrived, the church's membership had dropped to 370 members, down from 1,500 in the 1930s. McCarty Church in 1954 was a faltering congregation, plagued by urban problems in a "changing neighborhood." Allen brought plans that were considered "radical" at the time. He recalled, "I came with the understanding with my board here that this church was going to integrate or I wouldn't stay. ... When some of the board wanted to go in a segregated way, I said: 'I won't go that road, and if you go it, you go without me.' I spent most of the first six months in the public library, reading up on Negro history. ... We get brainwashed. We downgrade the Negro and upgrade the white. We fix our stereotypes. That's the trouble with most white people like me. I wrote a lot of churches asking for advice. The Riverside Church at New York ... told me to 'go slow, or you'll tear your church to pieces.' But I didn't want to go slow." Things were difficult at first, but Allen recalled that things started to gel when he took 70 parishioners, black and white, to a camp in the San Bernardino Mountains where they "housed together, worked together, studied together." They came back from the camp as "a completely integrated nucleus." He became an advocate for integration of churches, noting, "Integration is basic to the Gospel. ... The church is either going to pass through this fire, or the church has had it. There can be no more segregated churches. The whole movement of history is against it."


C/1874 H1 (Coggia) is a famous non-periodic comet, which in the summer of 1874 could be seen by naked eye observation. On the basis of its brightness, the comet has been called the Great Comet of 1874; on July 13 the magnitude of the brightness was between 0 and 1.<PIC> The astronomer Jérôme Eugène Coggia discovered this comet on 17 April 1874 at the Marseille Observatory. During the remainder of April and in May the comet was closely observed by many astronomers, including Winnecke in Straßburg, Tempel in Arcetri, Rayet in Paris, Schulhof in Vienna, Rümker in Hamburg, Schmidt in Athens, Bruhns in Leipzig, Christie in Greenwich and Dreyer in Copenhagen. In mid-May telescopes revealed the development of a faint tail.
In early June the comet became visible to the naked eye and by the end of June its brightness reached magnitude 4. By the beginning of July the tail had grown to 6° and by the 16th of July to 45°. The tail was straight and narrow, stretching across from 1° to 2° of the sky at the tail's end. According to David A. J. Seargent,
Without doubt, C/1874 H1 (Coggia) was a beauty; a true great comet. At its brightest, it probably exceeded the first magnitude and displayed a series of envelopes within its coma that astronomers compared with Donati's Comet 16 years earlier. Suitably placed observers also noted maximum naked-eye tail lengths reaching 70 degrees as the comet passed near Earth in July.
From 16 July to 23 July, the comet accelerated and moved rapidly southward in the observer's sky, making the comet more difficult to observe in the northern hemisphere. Reports indicate that the tail length was about 60° to 70°; the tail was at least 63°. On 23 July in Athens, Schmidt made the last observation of the comet from the northern hemisphere.
On July 27 the comet became visible in the southern hemisphere, with observations made in South Africa and by Robert L. J. Ellery in Australia. According to a newspaper report from pre-dawn observations by H. C. Russell on July 29, "The nucleus was as bright as a first magnitude star, and the head about half the diameter of the moon." John Tebbutt in Windsor, New South Wales made observations of the comet from 1 August to 7 October. On 19 October, John M. Thome at Córdoba, Argentina made the last observation of Comet Coggia. On the evening of July 21 with a first quarter moon and a very clear sky, Trouvelot observed undulations in the comet's tail. Trouvelot wrote that he "... saw the comet's tail shortening and extending, lightening up and extinguishing like the rays of certain auroras. Extended undulations, rapid vibrations, ran along it in succession from the horizon to its extremity, giving it the appearance of a fine gauze wavering in a strong breeze. The pulsations and waves of light were of unequal duration; some being rapid, while others lasted a longer time. For over one hour, the comet's tail kindled and extinguished more than one hundred times; the extinction being sometimes so complete that it was impossible to see any trace of the comet; while sometimes it became so bright that, in spite of the light of the moon, it could be distinguished easily in all its contours, even to its very extremity, which was then a little to the south of γ Ursa Minoris. ..." From May to July 1874, Huggins, Secchi, Lockyer, Rayet and Wolf made spectrographic observations of the comet. At first only a continuum was found, but by mid-June the three typical comet spectral bands were found. According to Huggins, Comet Coggia was "the first bright comet which has appeared since the spectroscope has become an instrument of scientific research." Using 638 observations of Comet Coggia made over a period of 185 days, Josef von Hepperger in 1882 calculated an elliptical orbit inclined about 66° to the ecliptic. On 9 July 1874 the comet reached perihelion at about .6758 AU from the Sun. On 23 July the comet made its closest approach to planet Earth at about .29 AU. Gerard Manley Hopkins wrote on 13 July 1874 a journal entry concerning Coggia's comet.
The public scare regarding the comet was satirized by Mark Twain in his short story "A Curious Pleasure Excursion."
The comet was observed by members of the Custer 1874 expedition to the Black Hills of South Dakota.  It was observed for 3 or 4 days by white and Native American members of the expedition ending July 2.  Accounts of the observations were included in the diary of James Calhoun and in a newspaper article in the New York World. Lieutenant Calhoun was Custer's brother-in-law and acting adjutant on the expedition and later died at the Little Big Horn.


Emmanuelle Vo-Dinh is a choreographer and director of Le Phare, Centre Chorégraphique National du Havre Haute-Normandie.<PIC> After training to be a ballet dancer and also exploring the American dance tradition, Vo-Dinh expanded her learning experience at the Merce Cunningham School in New York. Back in France, she danced with François Raffinot from 1991 to 1996. In 1997, she founded the Sui Generis company. She was noticed early on for her distinctive style.
In 1999, she was awarded a Villa Medicis Hors-les murs grant for her research in creating Texture/Composite, for which she was awarded the Prix d’Auteur at the Rencontres chorégraphiques internationales de Bagnolet in 2000. The piece was subsequently presented at Danspace Project in New York in 2002. Since then her productions have been presented on a regular basis both in France and abroad. In January 2012, Vo-Dinh became the director of Le Phare, Centre Chorégraphique National du Havre Haute-Normandie, ushering in a new artistic vision that has reached out to a diversity of choreographic styles.
Vo-Dinh's wide-ranging choreography has been shaped through the process of creating new work. While she initially focused on choreographing in a more formal way, her methodology gradually evolved toward an open-ended process affording a prominent role to improvisation in the studio. Surrounded by close collaborators, Vo-Dinh works with her performers on a long-term basis.
Several pieces have been deeply rooted in scientific and anthropological research on human beings, romantic relationships, absence, the lack of emotion and schizophrenia. The art world has also informed her work: between figurative and abstract in the visual arts, as well as in the relationship between bodies in motion and the music of Beethoven, Dusapin, Zeena Parkins or Gérard Grisey. Although the choreographic structure often draws on minimalism to the point of repeating and transforming a single motif, Vo-Dinh has mainly focused on time, how it is perceived and its relationship to memory and memories. After a long absence, fragmented narration has surfaced in her latest pieces – a new approach to time and point of view, as well as to the body and how it relates to others.
Vo-Dinh readily accepts invitations, including Rainbow, her piece for amateur dancers in collaboration with David Monceau, and her work with the writer Jérôme Mauche for Concordanse. Beginning with Histoires Exquises in 2011, she has invited choreographers to create solos from oral testimonies, the starting point for opening up the creative process to audiences. That willingness to share and her curiosity about other approaches to dance were to be the leitmotif in her vision for the CCN du Havre. Since 2012, Vo-Dinh has endeavored to make Le Phare a platform for many different kinds of choreography – during key moments such as the Pharenheit festival, as well as throughout the year, bringing the CCN to life in order to showcase dance in all it vibrancy.
Since 2014, she has been the president of the Association des Centres Chorégraphiques Nationaux, a network comprising nineteen national choreographic centers in France. Vo-Dinh was awarded the insignia of Chevalier de l’ordre des Arts et des Lettres in July 2014. 1998 : Anthume ou le Membre fantôme
1999 : Texture/Composite
2001 : Sagen
2003 : Décompositions
2004 : Croisées
2005 : White Light
2006 : ici/Per.For
2007 : Aboli Bibelot... Rebondi
2007 : Eaux fortes
2008 : 5'24
2008 : Rainbow en collaboration avec David Monceau (reprise en 2010)
2009 : Ad astra
2009 : Fractale
2010 : -transire-
2011 : Vortex
2013 : -insight-
2013 : Sprint
2013 : Eaux-fortes (re-création)
2015 : Tombouctou déjà-vu


Franz Baumann (born 23 September 1953) is a German former United Nations official, who served as Assistant Secretary-General and United Nations Special Adviser on Environment and Peace Operations at the United Nations Secretariat in New York until the end of 2015. Since 2017 he has been visiting research professor at New York University (Graduate School of Arts and Science, Program in International Relations).<PIC> Baumann was born in Schramberg, where he received his Abitur in 1973 from Gymnasium Schramberg. He then studied social sciences and management at the University of Konstanz, specializing in international management, and in 1975 studied history of art at the University of Bristol, in the United Kingdom. He obtained his degree in public administration in 1979 from the University of Konstanz and went on to obtain a doctorate in political science in 1992 from Carleton University in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. His wife, Barbara Gibson, is a Canadian diplomat. She served from 2004 to 2008 as ambassador to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe in Vienna, in 2015 as Deputy Secretary-General and in 2016 as Secretary-General of ICM, the Independent Commission on Multilateralism (ICM) in New York.
Their daughter was born in 2000. Baumann worked for the European Parliament in Luxembourg from 1976, in 1979 at the European Commission in Brussels and in 1980 for Siemens in Munich.
He began his career with the United Nations in 1980, serving from 1980 to 1982 as associate expert in Nigeria for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). He then worked in various departments at the United Nations Secretariat, including those of management and peacekeeping, and in the Office of the Secretary General. In 1993 he was chief administrative officer of the joint United Nations/Organization of American States Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Haiti (MICIVIH).
In 2002 he was appointed director for management of the United Nations Office at Vienna (UNOV), in 2004 deputy director-general of UNOV, in 2006 deputy executive director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and in 2007 acting director of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA).
In 2009 he was appointed assistant secretary-general for General Assembly and conference management at the United Nations Secretariat. In September 2014 he became senior deployment coordinator for Umoja, an enterprise resource planning system. and in September 2015 special advisor on environment and peace operations.

He is a senior fellow as well as a member of the board of trustees of the Hertie School of Governance in Berlin.

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