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{
  "_comment": [
    "Attribution for the third-party material the benchmark data is derived from.",
    "`papers`: JMLR. Every record was read from the published PDF's page-1 footer. Volume 18 (2017) onward is CC-BY 4.0; earlier volumes state no public licence, and those 4 papers' text is rewritten in our own words.",
    "`iclr`: ICLR papers on OpenReview under CC-BY 4.0. Each `key` is the OpenReview forum id and the item id in backward-verification.jsonl; the forum page carries the title, authors and licence.",
    "`lecture_sources`: lecture notes and textbooks, each publicly available or used with the permission of its authors.",
    "Our own contributions (Lean statements and proofs, labels, annotations, text we wrote) are CC BY 4.0, see Benchmarks/LICENSE."
  ],
  "papers": [
    {
      "key": "v26-21-0039",
      "used_by": [
        "fl_verification"
      ],
      "title": "Manifold Fitting under Unbounded Noise",
      "authors": "Zhigang Yao, Yuqing Xia",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "26",
      "issue": "45",
      "pages": "1-55",
      "year": "2025",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v26/21-0039.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume26/21-0039/21-0039.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected line spans of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU), with the OCR's LaTeX spacing tightened; running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2025 Zhigang Yao and Yuqing Xia.",
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "license_evidence": "CC-BY 4.0 line printed in the page-1 footer of the published PDF"
    },
    {
      "key": "v26-22-1262",
      "used_by": [
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        "excerpt only: selected line spans of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU), with the OCR's LaTeX spacing tightened; running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped",
        "2 correction(s) applied to the text as printed, 2 of them to typographical errors in the published paper rather than to OCR damage"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2026 Chenghao Li and Yuanyuan Lin.",
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "license_evidence": "CC-BY 4.0 line printed in the page-1 footer of the published PDF"
    },
    {
      "key": "v27-25-0989",
      "used_by": [
        "fl_verification"
      ],
      "title": "Online Bernstein-von Mises theorem",
      "authors": "Jeyong Lee, Junhyeok Choi, Minwoo Chae",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "27",
      "issue": "49",
      "pages": "1-124",
      "year": "2026",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v27/25-0989.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume27/25-0989/25-0989.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected line spans of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU), with the OCR's LaTeX spacing tightened; running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2026 Jeyong Lee, Junhyeok Choi and Minwoo Chae.",
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "license_evidence": "CC-BY 4.0 line printed in the page-1 footer of the published PDF"
    },
    {
      "key": "v27-25-1449",
      "used_by": [
        "fl_verification"
      ],
      "title": "Finite-Time Decoupled Convergence in Nonlinear Two-Time-Scale Stochastic Approximation",
      "authors": "Yuze Han, Xiang Li, Zhihua Zhang",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "27",
      "issue": "112",
      "pages": "1-69",
      "year": "2026",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v27/25-1449.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume27/25-1449/25-1449.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected line spans of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU), with the OCR's LaTeX spacing tightened; running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped",
        "text the OCR garbled was rebuilt by comparison with the published PDF",
        "6 correction(s) applied to the text as printed, 6 of them to typographical errors in the published paper rather than to OCR damage"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2026 Yuze Han, Xiang Li, and Zhihua Zhang.",
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "license_evidence": "CC-BY 4.0 line printed in the page-1 footer of the published PDF"
    },
    {
      "key": "v27-25-2383",
      "used_by": [
        "fl_verification"
      ],
      "title": "The Sample Complexity of Parameter-Free Stochastic Convex Optimization",
      "authors": "Jared Lawrence, Ari Kalinsky, Hannah Bradfield, Yair Carmon, Oliver Hinder",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "27",
      "issue": "133",
      "pages": "1-46",
      "year": "2026",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v27/25-2383.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume27/25-2383/25-2383.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected line spans of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU), with the OCR's LaTeX spacing tightened; running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2026 Jared Lawrence, Ari Kalinsky, Hannah Bradfield, Yair Carmon, and Oliver Hinder.",
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "license_evidence": "CC-BY 4.0 line printed in the page-1 footer of the published PDF"
    },
    {
      "key": "v3-bartlett02a",
      "used_by": [
        "forward_construction"
      ],
      "title": "Rademacher and Gaussian Complexities: Risk Bounds and Structural Results",
      "authors": "Peter L. Bartlett, Shahar Mendelson",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "3",
      "issue": "Nov",
      "pages": "463-482",
      "year": "2002",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v3/bartlett02a.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume3/bartlett02a/bartlett02a.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected passages of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU); running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped",
        "the statements, proofs and context in `targets`, `nl_proof` and `context` are rewritten in our own words with the mathematics unchanged",
        "a statement may carry a minimal edit so that it says what the Lean target says"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": null,
      "license": "none-stated",
      "license_evidence": "page-1 footer of the published PDF states copyright only, with no licence line"
    },
    {
      "key": "v3-brafman02a",
      "used_by": [
        "forward_construction"
      ],
      "title": "R-MAX - A General Polynomial Time Algorithm for Near-Optimal Reinforcement Learning",
      "authors": "Ronen I. Brafman, Moshe Tennenholtz",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "3",
      "issue": "Oct",
      "pages": "213-231",
      "year": "2002",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v3/brafman02a.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume3/brafman02a/brafman02a.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected passages of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU); running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped",
        "the statements, proofs and context in `targets`, `nl_proof` and `context` are rewritten in our own words with the mathematics unchanged",
        "a statement may carry a minimal edit so that it says what the Lean target says"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2002 Ronen I. Brafman and Moshe Tennenholtz.",
      "license": "none-stated",
      "license_evidence": "page-1 footer of the published PDF states copyright only, with no licence line"
    },
    {
      "key": "v7-evendar06a",
      "used_by": [
        "forward_construction"
      ],
      "title": "Action Elimination and Stopping Conditions for the Multi-Armed Bandit and Reinforcement Learning Problems",
      "authors": "Eyal Even-Dar, Shie Mannor, Yishay Mansour",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "7",
      "issue": "39",
      "pages": "1079-1105",
      "year": "2006",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v7/evendar06a.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume7/evendar06a/evendar06a.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected passages of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU); running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped",
        "the statements, proofs and context in `targets`, `nl_proof` and `context` are rewritten in our own words with the mathematics unchanged",
        "a statement may carry a minimal edit so that it says what the Lean target says"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2006 Eyal Even-Dar, Shie Mannor and Yishay Mansour.",
      "license": "none-stated",
      "license_evidence": "page-1 footer of the published PDF states copyright only, with no licence line"
    },
    {
      "key": "v10-duchi09a",
      "used_by": [
        "forward_construction"
      ],
      "title": "Efficient Online and Batch Learning Using Forward Backward Splitting",
      "authors": "John Duchi, Yoram Singer",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "10",
      "issue": "99",
      "pages": "2899-2934",
      "year": "2009",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v10/duchi09a.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume10/duchi09a/duchi09a.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected passages of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU); running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped",
        "the statements, proofs and context in `targets`, `nl_proof` and `context` are rewritten in our own words with the mathematics unchanged",
        "a statement may carry a minimal edit so that it says what the Lean target says"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2009 John Duchi and Yoram Singer.",
      "license": "none-stated",
      "license_evidence": "page-1 footer of the published PDF states copyright only, with no licence line"
    },
    {
      "key": "v23-20-1353",
      "used_by": [
        "forward_construction"
      ],
      "title": "Improved Generalization Bounds for Adversarially Robust Learning",
      "authors": "Idan Attias, Aryeh Kontorovich, Yishay Mansour",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "23",
      "issue": "175",
      "pages": "1-31",
      "year": "2022",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v23/20-1353.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume23/20-1353/20-1353.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected line spans of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU) — the target statements (`targets`), their proofs (`nl_proof`) and the setup, definitions and results they use (`context`); running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped",
        "the OCR's LaTeX spacing was tightened, and OCR damage was repaired by comparison with the published PDF, while misprints in the published text are kept",
        "a statement may carry a minimal edit so that it says what the Lean target says"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2022 Idan Attias, Aryeh Kontorovich, and Yishay Mansour.",
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "license_evidence": "CC-BY 4.0 line printed in the page-1 footer of the published PDF"
    },
    {
      "key": "v23-20-411",
      "used_by": [
        "forward_construction"
      ],
      "title": "No Weighted-Regret Learning in Adversarial Bandits with Delays",
      "authors": "Ilai Bistritz, Zhengyuan Zhou, Xi Chen, Nicholas Bambos, Jose Blanchet",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "23",
      "issue": "139",
      "pages": "1-43",
      "year": "2022",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v23/20-411.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume23/20-411/20-411.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected line spans of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU) — the target statements (`targets`), their proofs (`nl_proof`) and the setup, definitions and results they use (`context`); running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped",
        "the OCR's LaTeX spacing was tightened, and OCR damage was repaired by comparison with the published PDF, while misprints in the published text are kept",
        "a statement may carry a minimal edit so that it says what the Lean target says"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2022 Ilai Bistritz, Zhengyuan Zhou, Xi Chen, Nicholas Bambos, Jose Blanchet.",
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "license_evidence": "CC-BY 4.0 line printed in the page-1 footer of the published PDF"
    },
    {
      "key": "v23-21-0152",
      "used_by": [
        "forward_construction"
      ],
      "title": "Mitigating the Effects of Non-Identifiability on Inference for Bayesian Neural Networks with Latent Variables",
      "authors": "Yaniv Yacoby, Weiwei Pan, Finale Doshi-Velez",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "23",
      "issue": "244",
      "pages": "1-54",
      "year": "2022",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v23/21-0152.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume23/21-0152/21-0152.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected line spans of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU) — the target statements (`targets`), their proofs (`nl_proof`) and the setup, definitions and results they use (`context`); running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped",
        "the OCR's LaTeX spacing was tightened, and OCR damage was repaired by comparison with the published PDF, while misprints in the published text are kept",
        "a statement may carry a minimal edit so that it says what the Lean target says",
        "the statement of the concentration step (where Cantelli's inequality is applied in the proofs of Theorems 1 and 2, Appendix B.1/B.2) is written in our own words, as the paper does not state it as a result"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2022 Yaniv Yacoby, Weiwei Pan, Finale Doshi-Velez.",
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "license_evidence": "CC-BY 4.0 line printed in the page-1 footer of the published PDF"
    },
    {
      "key": "v23-21-1027",
      "used_by": [
        "forward_construction"
      ],
      "title": "Online Mirror Descent and Dual Averaging: Keeping Pace in the Dynamic Case",
      "authors": "Huang Fang, Nicholas J. A. Harvey, Victor S. Portella, Michael P. Friedlander",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "23",
      "issue": "121",
      "pages": "1-38",
      "year": "2022",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v23/21-1027.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume23/21-1027/21-1027.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected line spans of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU) — the target statements (`targets`), their proofs (`nl_proof`) and the setup, definitions and results they use (`context`); running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped",
        "the OCR's LaTeX spacing was tightened, and OCR damage was repaired by comparison with the published PDF, while misprints in the published text are kept",
        "a statement may carry a minimal edit so that it says what the Lean target says"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2022 Huang Fang, Nicholas J. A. Harvey, Victor S. Portella and Michael P. Friedlander.",
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "license_evidence": "CC-BY 4.0 line printed in the page-1 footer of the published PDF"
    },
    {
      "key": "v24-19-980",
      "used_by": [
        "forward_construction"
      ],
      "title": "Reinforcement Learning for Joint Optimization of Multiple Rewards",
      "authors": "Mridul Agarwal, Vaneet Aggarwal",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "24",
      "issue": "49",
      "pages": "1-41",
      "year": "2023",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v24/19-980.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume24/19-980/19-980.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected line spans of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU) — the target statements (`targets`), their proofs (`nl_proof`) and the setup, definitions and results they use (`context`); running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped",
        "the OCR's LaTeX spacing was tightened, and OCR damage was repaired by comparison with the published PDF, while misprints in the published text are kept",
        "a statement may carry a minimal edit so that it says what the Lean target says"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2023 Mridul Agarwal, Vaneet Aggarwal.",
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "license_evidence": "CC-BY 4.0 line printed in the page-1 footer of the published PDF"
    },
    {
      "key": "v24-21-1250",
      "used_by": [
        "forward_construction"
      ],
      "title": "PAC-learning for Strategic Classification",
      "authors": "Ravi Sundaram, Anil Vullikanti, Haifeng Xu, Fan Yao",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "24",
      "issue": "192",
      "pages": "1-38",
      "year": "2023",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v24/21-1250.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume24/21-1250/21-1250.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected line spans of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU) — the target statements (`targets`), their proofs (`nl_proof`) and the setup, definitions and results they use (`context`); running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped",
        "the OCR's LaTeX spacing was tightened, and OCR damage was repaired by comparison with the published PDF, while misprints in the published text are kept",
        "a statement may carry a minimal edit so that it says what the Lean target says",
        "under Lemma 12, `nl_proof` says that the paper gives no proof of it"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2023 Ravi Sundaram, Anil Vullikanti, Haifeng Xu and Fan Yao.",
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "license_evidence": "CC-BY 4.0 line printed in the page-1 footer of the published PDF"
    },
    {
      "key": "v24-22-0339",
      "used_by": [
        "forward_construction"
      ],
      "title": "Minimax Risk Classifiers with 0-1 Loss",
      "authors": "Santiago Mazuelas, Mauricio Romero, Peter Grunwald",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "24",
      "issue": "208",
      "pages": "1-48",
      "year": "2023",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v24/22-0339.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume24/22-0339/22-0339.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected line spans of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU) — the target statements (`targets`), their proofs (`nl_proof`) and the setup, definitions and results they use (`context`); running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped",
        "the OCR's LaTeX spacing was tightened, and OCR damage was repaired by comparison with the published PDF, while misprints in the published text are kept",
        "a statement may carry a minimal edit so that it says what the Lean target says"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2023 Santiago Mazuelas, Mauricio Romero, and Peter Grünwald.",
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "license_evidence": "CC-BY 4.0 line printed in the page-1 footer of the published PDF"
    },
    {
      "key": "v24-22-0522",
      "used_by": [
        "forward_construction"
      ],
      "title": "Restarted Nonconvex Accelerated Gradient Descent: No More Polylogarithmic Factor in the O(epsilon^(-7/4)) Complexity",
      "authors": "Huan Li, Zhouchen Lin",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "24",
      "issue": "157",
      "pages": "1-37",
      "year": "2023",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v24/22-0522.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume24/22-0522/22-0522.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected line spans of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU) — the target statements (`targets`), their proofs (`nl_proof`) and the setup, definitions and results they use (`context`); running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped",
        "the OCR's LaTeX spacing was tightened, and OCR damage was repaired by comparison with the published PDF, while misprints in the published text are kept",
        "a statement may carry a minimal edit so that it says what the Lean target says"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2023 Huan Li and Zhouchen Lin.",
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "license_evidence": "CC-BY 4.0 line printed in the page-1 footer of the published PDF"
    },
    {
      "key": "v24-22-0747",
      "used_by": [
        "forward_construction"
      ],
      "title": "Erratum: Risk Bounds for the Majority Vote: From a PAC-Bayesian Analysis to a Learning Algorithm",
      "authors": "Louis-Philippe Vignault, Audrey Durand, Pascal Germain",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "24",
      "issue": "294",
      "pages": "1-13",
      "year": "2023",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v24/22-0747.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume24/22-0747/22-0747.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected line spans of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU) — the target statements (`targets`), their proofs (`nl_proof`) and the setup, definitions and results they use (`context`); running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped",
        "the OCR's LaTeX spacing was tightened, and OCR damage was repaired by comparison with the published PDF, while misprints in the published text are kept",
        "a statement may carry a minimal edit so that it says what the Lean target says",
        "the statement of the counter-example to Corollary 2 (Section 4) is written in our own words, as the paper sketches it without stating it as a result"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2023 Louis-Philippe Vignault, Audrey Durand, Pascal Germain.",
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "license_evidence": "CC-BY 4.0 line printed in the page-1 footer of the published PDF"
    },
    {
      "key": "v24-22-0881",
      "used_by": [
        "forward_construction"
      ],
      "title": "Sample Complexity for Distributionally Robust Learning under chi-square divergence",
      "authors": "Zhengyu Zhou, Weiwei Liu",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "24",
      "issue": "230",
      "pages": "1-27",
      "year": "2023",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v24/22-0881.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume24/22-0881/22-0881.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected line spans of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU) — the target statements (`targets`), their proofs (`nl_proof`) and the setup, definitions and results they use (`context`); running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped",
        "the OCR's LaTeX spacing was tightened, and OCR damage was repaired by comparison with the published PDF, while misprints in the published text are kept",
        "a statement may carry a minimal edit so that it says what the Lean target says"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2023 Zhengyu Zhou and Weiwei Liu.",
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "license_evidence": "CC-BY 4.0 line printed in the page-1 footer of the published PDF"
    },
    {
      "key": "v24-22-1104",
      "used_by": [
        "forward_construction"
      ],
      "title": "Leaky Hockey Stick Loss: The First Negatively Divergent Margin-based Loss Function for Classification",
      "authors": "Oh-Ran Kwon, Hui Zou",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "24",
      "issue": "239",
      "pages": "1-40",
      "year": "2023",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v24/22-1104.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume24/22-1104/22-1104.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected line spans of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU) — the target statements (`targets`), their proofs (`nl_proof`) and the setup, definitions and results they use (`context`); running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped",
        "the OCR's LaTeX spacing was tightened, and OCR damage was repaired by comparison with the published PDF, while misprints in the published text are kept",
        "a statement may carry a minimal edit so that it says what the Lean target says"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2023 Oh-Ran Kwon and Hui Zou.",
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "license_evidence": "CC-BY 4.0 line printed in the page-1 footer of the published PDF"
    },
    {
      "key": "v24-22-1149",
      "used_by": [
        "forward_construction"
      ],
      "title": "Improved Powered Stochastic Optimization Algorithms for Large-Scale Machine Learning",
      "authors": "Zhuang Yang",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "24",
      "issue": "241",
      "pages": "1-29",
      "year": "2023",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v24/22-1149.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume24/22-1149/22-1149.pdf",
      "modifications": [
        "excerpt only: selected line spans of text converted from the published PDF by an OCR pipeline (MinerU) — the target statements (`targets`), their proofs (`nl_proof`) and the setup, definitions and results they use (`context`); running headers and footers, including the copyright and licence lines, were dropped",
        "the OCR's LaTeX spacing was tightened, and OCR damage was repaired by comparison with the published PDF, while misprints in the published text are kept",
        "a statement may carry a minimal edit so that it says what the Lean target says",
        "the statement of the inequality of eqs. (14)-(15) is written in our own words, as the paper derives it only as a step inside the proof of Theorem 1"
      ],
      "copyright_notice": "©2023 Zhuang Yang.",
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "license_evidence": "CC-BY 4.0 line printed in the page-1 footer of the published PDF"
    },
    {
      "key": "v24-22-1210",
      "used_by": [
        "forward_construction"
      ],
      "title": "Multi-Consensus Decentralized Accelerated Gradient Descent",
      "authors": "Haishan Ye, Luo Luo, Ziang Zhou, Tong Zhang",
      "journal": "Journal of Machine Learning Research",
      "volume": "24",
      "issue": "306",
      "pages": "1-50",
      "year": "2023",
      "url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/v24/22-1210.html",
      "pdf_url": "https://jmlr.org/papers/volume24/22-1210/22-1210.pdf",
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}