| {"key": "charter:article_1", "title": "Article 1", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Purposes of the United Nations are: 1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;\n2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;\n3. To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and\n4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_10", "title": "Article 10", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The General Assembly may discuss any questions or any matters within the scope of the present Charter or relating to the powers and functions of any organs provided for in the present Charter, and, except as provided in Article 12, may make recommendations to the Members of the United Nations or to the Security Council or to both on any such questions or matters."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_100", "title": "Article 100", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. In the performance of their duties the Secretary-General and the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any government or from any other authority external to the Organization. They shall refrain from any action which might reflect on their position as international officials responsible only to the Organization.\n2. Each Member of the United Nations undertakes to respect the exclusively inter- national character of the responsibilities of the Secretary-General and the staff and not to seek to influence them in the discharge of their responsibilities."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_101", "title": "Article 101", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.\n2. Appropriate staffs shall be permanently assigned to the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, and, as required, to other organs of the United Nations. These staffs shall form a part of the Secretariat.\n3. The paramount consideration in the employment of the staff and in the determination of the conditions of service shall be the necessity of securing the highest standards of efficiency, competence, and integrity. Due regard shall be paid to the importance of recruiting the staff on as wide a geographical basis as possible."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_102", "title": "Article 102", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. Every treaty and every international agreement entered into by any Member of the United Nations after the present Charter comes into force shall as soon as possible be registered with the Secretariat and published by it.\n2. No party to any such treaty or international agreement which has not been registered in accordance with the provisions of paragraph I of this Article may invoke that treaty or agreement before any organ of the United Nations."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_103", "title": "Article 103", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "In the event of a conflict between the obligations of the Members of the United Nations under the present Charter and their obligations under any other international agreement, their obligations under the present Charter shall prevail."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_104", "title": "Article 104", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such legal capacity as may be necessary for the exercise of its functions and the fulfilment of its purposes."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_105", "title": "Article 105", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes.\n2. Representatives of the Members of the United Nations and officials of the Organization shall similarly enjoy such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization.\n3. The General Assembly may make recommendations with a view to determining the details of the application of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article or may propose conventions to the Members of the United Nations for this purpose."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_106", "title": "Article 106", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "Pending the coming into force of such special agreements referred to in Article 43 as in the opinion of the Security Council enable it to begin the exercise of its responsibilities under Article 42, the parties to the Four-Nation Declaration, signed at Moscow, 30 October 1943, and France, shall, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 5 of that Declaration, consult with one another and as occasion requires with other Members of the United Nations with a view to such joint action on behalf of the Organization as may be necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_107", "title": "Article 107", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "Nothing in the present Charter shall in- validate or preclude action, in relation to any state which during the Second World War has been an enemy of any signatory to the present Charter, taken or authorized as a result of that war by the Governments having responsibility for such action."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_108", "title": "Article 108", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "Amendments to the present Charter shall come into force for all Members of the United Nations when they have been adopted by a vote of two thirds of the members of the General Assembly and ratified in accordance with their respective constitutional processes by two thirds of the Members of the United Nations, including all the permanent members of the Security Council."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_109", "title": "Article 109", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. A General Conference of the Members of the United Nations for the purpose of reviewing the present Charter may be held at a date and place to be fixed by a two-thirds vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any nine members of the Security Council. Each Member of the United Nations shall have one vote in the conference.\n2. Any alteration of the present Charter recommended by a two-thirds vote of the conference shall take effect when ratified in accordance with their respective constitutional processes by two thirds of the Members of the United Nations including the permanent members of the Security Council.\n3. If such a conference has not been held before the tenth annual session of the General Assembly following the coming into force of the present Charter, the proposal to call such a conference shall be placed on the agenda of that session of the General Assembly, and the conference shall be held if so decided by a majority vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any seven members of the Security Council."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_11", "title": "Article 11", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The General Assembly may consider the general principles of co-operation in the maintenance of international peace and security, including the principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments, and may make recommendations with regard to such principles to the Members or to the Security Council or to both.\n2. The General Assembly may discuss any questions relating to the maintenance of international peace and security brought before it by any Member of the United Nations, or by the Security Council, or by a state which is not a Member of the United Nations in accordance with Article 35, paragraph 2, and, except as provided in Article 12, may make recommendations with regard to any such questions to the state or states concerned or to the Security Council or to both. Any such question on which action is necessary shall be referred to the Security Council by the General Assembly either before or after discussion.\n3. The General Assembly may call the attention of the Security Council to situations which are likely to endanger international peace and security.\n4. The powers of the General Assembly set forth in this Article shall not limit the general scope of Article 10."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_110", "title": "Article 110", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The present Charter shall be ratified by the signatory states in accordance with their respective constitutional processes.\n2. The shall be deposited with the Government of the Unite States of America, which shall notify all the signatory states of each deposit as well as the Secretary-General of the Organization when he has been appointed.\n3. The present Charter shall come into force upon the deposit of by the Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist, the United King- dom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America, and by a majority of the other signatory states. A protocol of the deposited shall thereupon be drawn up by the Government of the United States of America which shall communicate copies thereof to all the signa- tory states.\n4. The states signatory to the present Charter which ratify it after it has come into force will become original Members of the United Nations on the date of the deposit of their respective ratifications."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_111", "title": "Article 111", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The present Charter, of which the Chinese, French, Russian, English, and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall remain deposited in the archives of the Government of -the United States of America. Duly certified copies thereof shall be transmitted by that Government to the Governments of the other signatory states.\nIN FAITH WHEREOF the representatives of the Governments of the United Nations have signed the present Charter.\nDONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_12", "title": "Article 12", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. While the Security Council is exercising in respect of any dispute or situation the functions assigned to it in the present Charter, the General Assembly shall not make any recommendation with regard to that dispute or situation unless the Security Council so requests.\n2. The Secretary-General, with the consent of the Security Council, shall notify the General Assembly at each session of any matters relative to the maintenance of international peace and security which are being dealt with by the Security Council and similarly notify the General Assembly, or the Members of the United Nations if the General Assembly is not in session, immediately the Security Council ceases to deal with such matters."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_13", "title": "Article 13", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The General Assembly shall initiate studies and make recommendations for the purpose of:\na. promoting international co-operation in the political field and encouraging the progressive development of international law and its codification;\nb. promoting international co-operation in the economic, social, cultural, educational, and health fields, an assisting in the realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.\n2. The further responsibilities, functions and powers of the General with respect to matters mentioned in paragraph ) above are set forth in Chapters IX and X."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_14", "title": "Article 14", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "Subject to the provisions of Article 12, the General Assembly may recommend measures for the peaceful adjustment of any situation, regardless of origin, which it deems likely to impair the general welfare or friendly relations among nations, including situations resulting from a violation of the provisions of the present Charter setting forth the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_15", "title": "Article 15", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The General Assembly shall receive and consider annual and special reports from the Security Council; these reports shall include an account of the measures that the Security Council has decided upon or taken to maintain international peace and security.\n2. The General Assembly shall receive and consider reports from the other organs of the United Nations."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_16", "title": "Article 16", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The General Assembly shall perform such functions with respect to the international trusteeship system as are assigned to it under Chapters XII and XIII, including the approval of the trusteeship agreements for areas not designated as strategic."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_17", "title": "Article 17", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The General Assembly shall consider and approve the budget of the Organization.\n2. The expenses of the Organization shall be borne by the Members as apportioned by the General Assembly.\n3. The Assembly shall consider and approve any financial and budgetary arrangements with specialize agencies referred to in Article 57 and shall examine the administrative budgets of such specialized agencies with a view to making recommendations to the agencies concerned."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_18", "title": "Article 18", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. Each member of the General Assembly shall have one vote.\n2. Decisions of the General Assembly on important questions shall be made by a two- thirds majority of the members present and voting. These questions shall include: recommendations with respect to the maintenance of international peace and security, the election of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, the election of the members of the Economic and Social Council, the election of members of the Trusteeship Council in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 86, the admission of new Members to the United Nations, the suspension of the rights and privileges of membership, the expulsion of Members, questions relating to the operation of the trusteeship system, and budgetary questions.\n3. Decisions on other questions, including the determination of additional categories of questions to be decided by a two-thirds majority, shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_19", "title": "Article 19", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a Member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_2", "title": "Article 2", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Principles.\n1. The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members.\n2. All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfil in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.\n3. All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered.\n4. All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.\n5. All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter, and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against which the United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action.\n6. The Organization shall ensure that states which are not Members of the United Nations act in accordance with these Principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security.\n7. Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter; but this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement measures under Chapter VII."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_20", "title": "Article 20", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The General Assembly shall meet in regular annual sessions and in such special sessions as occasion may require. Special sessions shall be convoked by the Secretary-General at the request of the Security Council or of a majority of the Members of the United Nations."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_21", "title": "Article 21", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The General Assembly shall adopt its own rules of procedure. It shall elect its President for each session."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_22", "title": "Article 22", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The General Assembly may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_23", "title": "Article 23", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist , the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid, in the first in- stance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution.\n2. The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non- permanent members after the increase of the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election.\n3. Each member of the Security Council shall have one representative."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_24", "title": "Article 24", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. In order to ensure prompt and effective action by the United Nations, its Members confer on the Security Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, and agree that in carrying out its duties under this responsibility the Security Council acts on their behalf.\n2. In discharging these duties the Security Council shall act in accordance with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations. The specific powers granted to the Security Council for the discharge of these duties are laid down in Chapters VI, VII, VIII, and XII.\n3. The Security Council shall submit annual and, when necessary, special reports to the General Assembly for its consideration."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_25", "title": "Article 25", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Members of the United Nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council in accordance with the present Charter."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_26", "title": "Article 26", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "In order to promote the establishment and maintenance of international peace and security with the least diversion for armaments of the world's human and economic resources, the Security Council shall be responsible for formulating, with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee referred to in Article 47, plans to be submitted to the Members of the United-Nations for the establishment of a system for the regulation of armaments."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_27", "title": "Article 27", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote.\n2. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members.\n3. Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_28", "title": "Article 28", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The Security Council shall be so organized as to be able to function continuously. Each member of the Security Council shall for this purpose be represented at times at the seat of the Organization.\n2. The Security Council shall hold meetings at which each of its members may, if it so desires, be represented by a member of the government or by some other specially designated representative.\n3. The Security Council may hold meetings at such places other than the seat of the Organization as in its judgment will best facilitate its work."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_29", "title": "Article 29", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Security Council may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_3", "title": "Article 3", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The original Members of the United Nations shall be the states which, having participated in the United Nations Conference on International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, sign the present Charter and ratify it in accordance with Article 110."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_30", "title": "Article 30", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Security Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_31", "title": "Article 31", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "Any Member of the United Nations which is not a member of the Security Council may participate, without vote, in the discussion of any question brought before the Security Council whenever the latter considers that the interests of that Member are specially affected."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_32", "title": "Article 32", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "Any Member of the United Nations which is not a member of the Security Council or any state which is not a Member of the United Nations, if it is a party to a dispute under consideration by the Security Council, shall be invited to participate, without vote, in the discussion relating to the dispute. The Security Council shall any down such conditions as it deems just for the participation of a state which is not a Member of the United Nations."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_33", "title": "Article 33", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other peaceful means of their own choice.\n2. The Security Council shall, when it deems necessary, call upon the parties to settle their dispute by such means."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_34", "title": "Article 34", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Security Council may investigate any dispute, or any situation which might lead to international friction or give rise to a dispute, in order to determine whether the continuance of the dispute or situation is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_35", "title": "Article 35", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. Any Member of the United Nations may bring any dispute, or any situation of the nature referred to in Article 34, to the attention of the Security Council or of the General Assembly.\n2. A state which is not a Member of the United Nations may bring to the attention of the Security Council or of the General Assembly any dispute to which it is a party if it accepts in advance, for the purposes of the dispute, the obligations of pacific settlement provided in the present Charter.\n3. The proceedings of the General Assembly in respect of matters brought to its attention under this Article will be subject to the provisions of Articles 11 and 12."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_36", "title": "Article 36", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The Security Council may, at any stage of a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 or of a situation of like nature, recommend appropriate procedures or methods of adjustment.\n2. The Security Council should take into consideration any procedures for the settlement of the dispute which have already been adopted by the parties.\n3. In making recommendations under this Article the Security Council should also take into consideration that legal disputes should as a general rule be referred by the parties to the International Court of Justice in accordance with the provisions of the Statute of the Court."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_37", "title": "Article 37", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. Should the parties to a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 fail to settle it by the means indicated in that Article, they shall refer it to the Security Council.\n2. If the Security Council deems that the continuance of the dispute is in fact likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, it shall decide whether to take action under Article 36 or to recommend such terms of settlement as it may consider appropriate."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_38", "title": "Article 38", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "Without prejudice to the provisions of Articles 33 to 37, the Security Council may, if all the parties to any dispute so request, make recommendations to the parties with a view to a pacific settlement of the dispute."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_39", "title": "Article 39", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Security Council shall determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and shall make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be taken in accordance with Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or restore international peace and security."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_4", "title": "Article 4", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. Membership in the United Nations is open to a other peace-loving states which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations.\n2. The admission of any such state to membership in the Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_40", "title": "Article 40", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "In order to prevent an aggravation of the situation, the Security Council may, before making the recommendations or deciding upon the measures provided for in Article 39, call upon the parties concerned to comply with such provisional measures as it deems necessary or desirable. Such provisional measures shall be without prejudice to the rights, claims, or position of the parties concerned. The Security Council shall duly take account of failure to comply with such provisional measures."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_41", "title": "Article 41", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Security Council may decide what measures not involving the use of armed force are to be employed to give effect to its decisions, and it may call upon the Members of the United Nations to apply such measures. These may include complete or partial interruption of economic relations and of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio, and other means of communication, and the severance of diplomatic relations."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_42", "title": "Article 42", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "Should the Security Council consider that measures provided for in Article 41 would be inadequate or have proved to be inadequate, it may take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security. Such action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea, or land forces of Members of the United Nations."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_43", "title": "Article 43", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. All Members of the United Nations, in order to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security, undertake to make available to the Security Council, on its and in accordance with a special agreement or agreements, armed forces, assistance, and facilities, including rights of passage, necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security.\n2. Such agreement or agreements shall govern the numbers and types of forces, their degree of readiness and general location, and the nature of the facilities and assistance to be provided.\n3. The agreement or agreements shall be negotiated as soon as possible on the initiative of the Security Council. They shall be concluded between the Security Council and Members or between the Security Council and groups of Members and shall be subject to ratification by the signatory states in accordance with their respective constitutional processes."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_44", "title": "Article 44", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "When Security Council has decided to use force it shall, before calling upon a Member not represented on it to provide armed forces in fulfilment of the obligations assumed under Article 43, invite that Member, if the Member so desires, to participate in the decisions of the Security Council concerning the employment of contingents of that Member's armed forces."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_45", "title": "Article 45", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "In order to enable the Nations to take urgent military measures, Members shall hold immediately available national air-force contingents for combined international enforcement action. The strength and degree of readiness of these contingents and plans for their combined action shall be determined, within the limits laid down in the special agreement or agreements referred to in Article 43, by the Security Council with the assistance of the Military Committee."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_46", "title": "Article 46", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "Plans for the application of armed force shall be made by the Security Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_47", "title": "Article 47", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. There shall be established a Military Staff Committee to advise and assist the Security Council on questions relating to the Security Council's military requirements for the maintenance of international peace and security, the employment and command of forces placed at its disposal, the regulation of armaments, and possible disarmament.\n2. The Military Staff Committee consist of the Chiefs of Staff of the permanent members of the Security Council or their representatives. Any Member of the United Nations not permanently represented on the Committee shall be invited by the Committee to be associated with it when the efficient discharge of the Committee's responsibilities re- quires the participation of that Member its work.\n3. The Military Staff Committee be responsible under the Security Council for the strategic direction of any armed forces paced at the disposal of the Security Council. Questions relating to the command of such forces shall be worked out subsequently.\n4. The Military Staff Committee, with the authorization of the security Council and after consultation with appropriate regional agencies, may establish sub-commit- tees."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_48", "title": "Article 48", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The action required to carry out the decisions of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security shall be taken by all the Members of the United Nations or by some of them, as the Security Council may determine.\n2. Such decisions shall be carried out by the Members of the United Nations directly and through their action in the appropriate international agencies of which they are members."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_49", "title": "Article 49", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Members of the United Nations shall join in affording mutual assistance in carrying out the measures decided upon by the Security Council."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_5", "title": "Article 5", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "A Member of the United Nations against which preventive or enforcement action has been taken by the Security Council may be suspended from the exercise of the rights and privileges of membership by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. The exercise of these rights and privileges may be restored by the Security Council."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_50", "title": "Article 50", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "If preventive or enforcement measures against any state are taken by the Security Council, any other state, whether a Member of the United Nations or not, which finds itself confronted with special economic problems arising from the carrying out of those measures shall have the right to consult the Security Council with regard to a solution of those problems."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_51", "title": "Article 51", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations, until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security. Measures taken by Members in the exercise of this right of self-defence shall be immediately reported to the Security Council and shall not in any way affect the authority and responsibility of the Security Council under the present Charter to take at any time such action as it deems necessary in order to maintain or restore international peace and security."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_52", "title": "Article 52", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. Nothing in the present Charter the existence of regional arrangements or agencies for dealing with such matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security as are appropriate for regional action, provided that such arrangements or agencies and their activities are consistent with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations.\n2. The Members of the United Nations entering into such arrangements or constituting such agencies shall make every effort to achieve pacific settlement of local disputes through such regional arrangements or by such regional agencies before referring them to the Security Council.\n3. The Security Council shall encourage the development of pacific settlement of local disputes through such regional arrangements or by such regional agencies either on the initiative of the states concerned or by reference from the Security Council.\n4. This Article in no way the application of Articles 34 and 35."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_53", "title": "Article 53", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The Security Council shall, where appropriate, utilize such regional arrangements or agencies for enforcement action under its authority. But no enforcement action shall be taken under regional arrangements or by regional agencies without the authorization of the Security Council, with the exception of measures against any enemy state, as defined in paragraph 2 of this Article, provided for pursuant to Article 107 or in regional arrangements directed against renewal of aggressive policy on the part of any such state, until such time as the Organization may, on request of the Governments concerned, be charged with the responsibility for preventing further aggression by such a state.\n2. The term enemy state as used in para- graph 1 of this Article applies to any state which during the Second World War has been an enemy of any signatory of the present Charter."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_54", "title": "Article 54", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Security Council shall at all times be kept fully informed of activities undertaken or in contemplation under regional arrangements or by regional agencies for the maintenance of international peace and security."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_55", "title": "Article 55", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "With a view to the creation of conditions of stability and well-being which are necessary for peaceful and friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, the United Nations shall promote:\na. higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development;\nb. solutions of international economic, social, health, and related problems; and international cultural and educational co- operation; and\nc. universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_56", "title": "Article 56", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "All Members pledge themselves to take joint and separate action in co-operation with the Organization for the achievement of the purposes set forth in Article 55."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_57", "title": "Article 57", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The various specialized agencies, established by intergovernmental agreement and having wide international responsibilities, as defined in their basic instruments, in economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related fields, shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 63.\n2. Such agencies thus brought into relationship with the United Nations are hereinafter referred to as specialized agencies."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_58", "title": "Article 58", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Organization shall make recommendations for the co-ordination of the policies and activities of the specialized agencies."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_59", "title": "Article 59", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Organization shall, where appropriate, initiate negotiations among the states concerned for the creation of any new specialized agencies required for the accomplishment of the purposes set forth in Article 55."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_6", "title": "Article 6", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "A Member of the United Nations which has persistently violated the Principles contained in the present Charter may be expelled from the Organization by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_60", "title": "Article 60", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "Responsibility for the discharge of the functions of the Organization set forth in this Chapter shall be vested in the General Assembly and, under the authority of the General Assembly, in the Economic and Social Council, which shall have for this purpose the powers set forth in Chapter X."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_61", "title": "Article 61", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The Economic and Social Council shall consist of fifty-four Members of the United Nations elected by the General Assembly.\n2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, eighteen members of the Economic and Social Council shall be elected each year for a term of three years. A retiring member shall be eligible for immediate re-election.\n3. At the first election after the increase in the membership of the Economic and Social Council from twenty-seven to fifty-four members, in addition to the members elected in place of the nine members whose term of office expires at the end of that year, twenty-seven additional members shall be elected. Of these twenty-seven additional members, the term of office of nine members so elected shall expire at the end of one year, and of nine other members at the end of two years, in accordance with arrangements made by the General Assembly.\n4. Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one representative."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_62", "title": "Article 62", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The Economic and Social Council may make or initiate studies and reports with respect to international economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related matters and may make recommendations with respect to any such matters to the General Assembly, to the Members of the United Nations, and to the specialized agencies concerned.\n2. It may make recommendations for the purpose of promoting respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all.\n3. It may prepare draft conventions for submission to the General Assembly, with respect to matters falling within its competence.\n4. It may call, in accordance with the rules prescribed by the United Nations, international conferences on matters falling within its competence."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_63", "title": "Article 63", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The Economic and Social Council may enter into agreements with any of the agencies referred to in Article 57, defining the terms on which the agency concerned shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations. Such agreements shall be subject to approval by the General Assembly.\n2. It may co-ordinate the activities of the specialized agencies through consultation with and recommendations to such agencies and through recommendations to the General Assembly and to the Members of the United Nations."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_64", "title": "Article 64", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The Economic and Social Council may take appropriate steps to obtain regular reports from the specialized agencies. may make arrangements with the Members of the United Nations and with the specialized agencies to obtain reports on the steps taken to give effect to its own recommendations and to recommendations on matters falling within its competence made by the General Assembly.\n2. It may communicate its observations on these reports to the General Assembly."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_65", "title": "Article 65", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Economic and Social Council may furnish information to the Security Council and shall assist the Security Council upon its request."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_66", "title": "Article 66", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The Economic and Social Council shall perform such functions as fall within its competence in connexion with the carrying out of the recommendations of the General Assembly.\n2. It may, with the approval of the General Assembly, perform services at the request of Members of the United Nations and at the request of specialized agencies.\n3. It shall perform such other functions as are specified elsewhere in the present Charter or as may be assigned to it by the General Assembly."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_67", "title": "Article 67", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one vote.\n2. Decisions of the Economic and Social Council shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_68", "title": "Article 68", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Economic and Social Council shall set up commissions in economic and social fields and for the promotion of human rights, and such other commissions as may for the performance of its functions."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_69", "title": "Article 69", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Economic and Social Council shall invite any Member of the United Nations to participate, without vote, in its deliberations on any matter of particular concern to that Member."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_7", "title": "Article 7", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. There are established as the principal organs of the United Nations: a General Assembly, a Security Council, an Economic and Social Council, a Trusteeship Council, an International Court of Justice, and a Secretariat.\n2. Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may be established in accordance with the present Charter."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_70", "title": "Article 70", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Economic and Social Council may make arrangements for representatives of the specialized agencies to participate, without vote, in its deliberations and in those of the commissions established by it, and for its representatives to participate in the deliberations of the specialized agencies."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_71", "title": "Article 71", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Economic and Social Council may make suitable arrangements for consultation with non-governmental organizations which are concerned with matters within its competence. Such arrangements may be made with international organizations and, where appropriate, with national organizations after consultation with the Member of the United Nations concerned."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_72", "title": "Article 72", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The Economic and Social Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President.\n2. The Economic and Social Council shall meet as required in accordance with its rules, which shall include provision for the convening of meetings on the request of a majority of its members."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_73", "title": "Article 73", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "Members of the United Nations which have or assume responsibilities for the administration of territories whose peoples have not yet attained a full measure of self-government recognize the principle that the interests of the inhabitants of these territories are paramount, and accept as a sacred trust the obligation to promote to the utmost, within the system of international peace and security established by the present Charter, the well- being of the inhabitants of these territories, and, to this end:\na. to ensure, with due respect for the culture of the peoples concerned, their political, economic, social, and educational advancement, their just treatment, and their protection against abuses;\nb. to develop self-government, to take due account of the political aspirations of the peoples, and to assist them in the progressive development of their free political institutions, according to the particular circumstances of each territory and its peoples and their varying stages of advancement;\nc. to further international peace and security;\nd. to promote constructive measures of development, to encourage research, and to co-operate with one another and, when and where appropriate, with specialized international bodies with a view to the practical achievement of the social, eco- nomic, and scientific purposes set forth in this Article; and\ne. to transmit regularly to the Secretary- General for information purposes, subject to such limitation as security and constitutional considerations may require, statistical and other information of a technical nature relating to economic, social, and educational conditions in the territories for which they are respectively responsible other than those territories to which Chapters XII and XIII apply."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_74", "title": "Article 74", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "Members of the United Nations also agree that their policy in respect of the territories to which this Chapter applies, no less than in respect of their metropolitan areas, must be based on the general principle of good-neigh-bourliness, due account being taken of the interests and well-being of the rest of the world, in social, economic, and commercial matters."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_75", "title": "Article 75", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The United Nations shall establish under its authority an international trusteeship system for the administration and supervision of such territories as may be placed thereunder by subsequent individual agreements. These territories are hereinafter referred to as trust territories."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_76", "title": "Article 76", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The basic objectives of the trusteeship system, in accordance with the Purposes of the United Nations laid down in Article 1 of the present Charter, shall be:\na. to further international peace and security;\nb. to promote the political, economic, social, and educational advancement of the inhabitants of the trust territories, and their progressive development towards self-government or independence as may be appropriate to the particular circumstances of each territory and its peoples and the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned, and as may be provided by the terms of each trusteeship agreement;\nc. to encourage respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all with- out : as to race, sex, language, or religion, and to encourage recognition of the interdependence of the peoples of the world; and\nd. to ensure equal treatment in social, economic, and commercial matters for all Members of the United Nations and their , and also equal treatment for the latter in the administration of justice, with- out prejudice to the attainment of the fore- going objectives and subject to the provisions of Article 80."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_77", "title": "Article 77", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The trusteeship system shall apply to such territories in the following categories as may be placed thereunder by means of trusteeship agreements:\na. territories now held under mandate;\nb. territories which may be detached from enemy states as a result of the Second World War; and\nc. territories voluntarily placed under the system by states responsible for their administration.\n2. It will be a matter for subsequent agreement as to which territories in the foregoing categories will be brought under the trustee- ship system and upon what terms."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_78", "title": "Article 78", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The trusteeship system shall not apply to territories which have become Members of the United Nations, relationship among which shall be based on respect for the principle of sovereign equality."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_79", "title": "Article 79", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The terms of trusteeship for each territory to be placed under the trusteeship system, including any alteration or amendment, shall be agreed upon by the states directly concerned, including the mandatory power in the case of territories held under mandate by a Member of the United Nations, and shall be approved as provided for in Articles 83 and 85."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_8", "title": "Article 8", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The United Nations shall place no restrictions on the eligibility of men and women to participate in any capacity and under conditions of equality in its principal and subsidiary organs."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_80", "title": "Article 80", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. Except as may be agreed upon in individual trusteeship agreements, made under Articles 77, 79, and 81, placing each territory under the trusteeship system, and until such agreements have been concluded, nothing in this Chapter shall be construed in or of itself to alter in any manner the rights whatsoever of any states or any peoples or the terms of existing international instruments to which Members of the United Nations may respectively be parties.\n2. Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not be interpreted as giving grounds for delay or postponement of the negotiation and conclusion of agreements for placing mandated and other territories under the trusteeship system as provided for in Article 77."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_81", "title": "Article 81", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The trusteeship agreement shall in each case include the terms under which the trust territory will be administered and designate the authority which will exercise the administration of the trust territory. Such authority, hereinafter called the administering authority, may be one or more states or the Organization itself."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_82", "title": "Article 82", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "There may be designated, in any trusteeship agreement, a strategic area or areas which may include part or all of the trust territory to which the agreement applies, without prejudice to any special agreement or agreements made under Article 43."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_83", "title": "Article 83", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. All functions of the United Nations relating to strategic areas, including the approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements and of their alteration or amendment, shall be exercised by the Security Council.\n2. he basic objectives set forth in Article 76 shall be applicable to the people of each strategic area. 43\n3. The Security Council shall, subject to the provisions of the trusteeship agreements and without prejudice to security considerations, avail itself of the assistance of the Trusteeship Council to perform those functions of the United Nations under the trusteeship system relating to political, economic, social, and educational matters in the strategic areas."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_84", "title": "Article 84", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "It shall be the duty of the administering authority to ensure that the trust territory shall play its part in the maintenance of international peace and security. To this end the administering authority may make use of volunteer forces, facilities, and assistance from the trust territory in carrying out the obligations towards the Security Council undertaken in this regard by the administering authority, as well as for local defence and the maintenance of law and order within the trust territory."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_85", "title": "Article 85", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The functions of the United Nations with regard to trusteeship agreements for all areas not designated as strategic, including the approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements and of their alteration or amendment, shall be exercised by the General Assembly.\n2. The Trusteeship Council, operating under the authority of the General Assembly, shall assist the General Assembly in carrying out these functions."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_86", "title": "Article 86", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The Trusteeship Council shall consist of the following Members of the United Nations:\na. those Members administering trust territories;\nb. such of those Members mentioned by name in Article 23 as are not administering trust territories; and\nc. as many other Members elected for three-year terms by the General Assembly as may be necessary to ensure that the total number of members of the Trusteeship Council is equally divided between those Members of the United Nations which ad- minister trust territories and those which do not.\n2. Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall designate one specially qualified person to represent it therein."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_87", "title": "Article 87", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The General Assembly and, under its authority, the Trusteeship Council, in carrying out their functions, may:\na. consider reports submitted by the ad- ministering authority;\nb. accept petitions and examine them in consultation with the administering authority;\nc. provide for periodic visits to the respective trust territories at times agreed upon with the administering authority; and\nd. take these and other actions in conformity with the terms of the trusteeship agreements."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_88", "title": "Article 88", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Trusteeship Council shall formulate a questionnaire on the political, economic, social, and educational advancement of the inhabitants of each trust territory, and the administering authority for each trust territory within the competence of the General Assembly shall make an annual report to the General Assembly upon the basis of such questionnaire."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_89", "title": "Article 89", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall have one vote.\n2. Decisions of the Trusteeship Council shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_9", "title": "Article 9", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The General Assembly shall consist of all the Members of the United Nations.\n2. Each Member shall have not more than five representatives in the General Assembly."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_90", "title": "Article 90", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The Trusteeship Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President.\n2. The Trusteeship Council shall meet as required in accordance with its rules, which shall include provision for the convening of meetings on the request of a majority of its members."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_91", "title": "Article 91", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Trusteeship Council shall, when appropriate, avail itself of the assistance of the Economic and Social Council and of the specialized agencies in regard to matters with which they are respectively concerned."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_92", "title": "Article 92", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The International Court of Justice shall be the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It shall function in accordance with the annexed Statute, which is based upon the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice and forms an integral part of the present Charter."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_93", "title": "Article 93", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. All Members of the United Nations are **ipso facto** parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice.\n2. A state which is not a Member of the United Nations may become a party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice on conditions to be determined in each case by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_94", "title": "Article 94", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. Each Member of the United Nations undertakes to comply with the decision of the International Court of Justice in any case to which it is a party.\n2. If any party to a case fails to perform the obligations incumbent upon it under a judgment rendered by the Court, the other party may have recourse to the Security Council, which may, if it deems necessary, make recommendations or decide upon measures to be taken to give effect to the judgment."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_95", "title": "Article 95", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "Nothing in the present Charter shall prevent Members of the United Nations from entrusting the solution of their differences to other tribunals by virtue of agreements already in existence or which may be concluded in the future."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_96", "title": "Article 96", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The General Assembly or the Security Council may request the International Court of Justice to give an advisory opinion on any legal question.\n2. Other organs of the United Nations and specialized agencies, which may at any time be so authorized by the General Assembly, may also request advisory opinions of the Court on legal questions arising within the scope of their activities."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_97", "title": "Article 97", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Secretariat shall comprise a Secretary- General and such staff as the Organization may require. The Secretary-General shall be appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. He shall be the chief administrative officer of the Organization."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_98", "title": "Article 98", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Secretary-General shall act in that capacity in all meetings of the General Assembly, of the Security Council, of the Economic and Social Council, and of the Trusteeship Council, and shall perform such other functions as are entrusted to him by these organs. The Secretary-General shall make an annual report to the General Assembly on the work of the Organization."} | |
| {"key": "charter:article_99", "title": "Article 99", "level": "article", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Secretary-General may bring to the attention of the Security Council any matter which in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security."} | |
| {"key": "charter:chapter_1", "title": "CHAPTER I PURPOSES AND PRINCIPLES", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Purposes of the United Nations are: 1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;\n2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;\n3. To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and\n4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.\nThe Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Principles.\n1. The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members.\n2. All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfil in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.\n3. All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered.\n4. All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.\n5. All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter, and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against which the United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action.\n6. The Organization shall ensure that states which are not Members of the United Nations act in accordance with these Principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security.\n7. Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter; but this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement measures under Chapter VII."} | |
| {"key": "charter:chapter_10", "title": "CHAPTER X THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The Economic and Social Council shall consist of fifty-four Members of the United Nations elected by the General Assembly.\n2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, eighteen members of the Economic and Social Council shall be elected each year for a term of three years. A retiring member shall be eligible for immediate re-election.\n3. At the first election after the increase in the membership of the Economic and Social Council from twenty-seven to fifty-four members, in addition to the members elected in place of the nine members whose term of office expires at the end of that year, twenty-seven additional members shall be elected. Of these twenty-seven additional members, the term of office of nine members so elected shall expire at the end of one year, and of nine other members at the end of two years, in accordance with arrangements made by the General Assembly.\n4. Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one representative.\n1. The Economic and Social Council may make or initiate studies and reports with respect to international economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related matters and may make recommendations with respect to any such matters to the General Assembly, to the Members of the United Nations, and to the specialized agencies concerned.\n2. It may make recommendations for the purpose of promoting respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all.\n3. It may prepare draft conventions for submission to the General Assembly, with respect to matters falling within its competence.\n4. It may call, in accordance with the rules prescribed by the United Nations, international conferences on matters falling within its competence.\n1. The Economic and Social Council may enter into agreements with any of the agencies referred to in Article 57, defining the terms on which the agency concerned shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations. Such agreements shall be subject to approval by the General Assembly.\n2. It may co-ordinate the activities of the specialized agencies through consultation with and recommendations to such agencies and through recommendations to the General Assembly and to the Members of the United Nations.\n1. The Economic and Social Council may take appropriate steps to obtain regular reports from the specialized agencies. may make arrangements with the Members of the United Nations and with the specialized agencies to obtain reports on the steps taken to give effect to its own recommendations and to recommendations on matters falling within its competence made by the General Assembly.\n2. It may communicate its observations on these reports to the General Assembly.\nThe Economic and Social Council may furnish information to the Security Council and shall assist the Security Council upon its request.\n1. The Economic and Social Council shall perform such functions as fall within its competence in connexion with the carrying out of the recommendations of the General Assembly.\n2. It may, with the approval of the General Assembly, perform services at the request of Members of the United Nations and at the request of specialized agencies.\n3. It shall perform such other functions as are specified elsewhere in the present Charter or as may be assigned to it by the General Assembly.\n1. Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one vote.\n2. Decisions of the Economic and Social Council shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.\nThe Economic and Social Council shall set up commissions in economic and social fields and for the promotion of human rights, and such other commissions as may for the performance of its functions.\nThe Economic and Social Council shall invite any Member of the United Nations to participate, without vote, in its deliberations on any matter of particular concern to that Member.\nThe Economic and Social Council may make arrangements for representatives of the specialized agencies to participate, without vote, in its deliberations and in those of the commissions established by it, and for its representatives to participate in the deliberations of the specialized agencies.\nThe Economic and Social Council may make suitable arrangements for consultation with non-governmental organizations which are concerned with matters within its competence. Such arrangements may be made with international organizations and, where appropriate, with national organizations after consultation with the Member of the United Nations concerned.\n1. The Economic and Social Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President.\n2. The Economic and Social Council shall meet as required in accordance with its rules, which shall include provision for the convening of meetings on the request of a majority of its members."} | |
| {"key": "charter:chapter_11", "title": "CHAPTER XI DECLARATION REGARDING NON-SELF-GOVERNING TERRITORIES", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "charter", "text": "Members of the United Nations which have or assume responsibilities for the administration of territories whose peoples have not yet attained a full measure of self-government recognize the principle that the interests of the inhabitants of these territories are paramount, and accept as a sacred trust the obligation to promote to the utmost, within the system of international peace and security established by the present Charter, the well- being of the inhabitants of these territories, and, to this end:\na. to ensure, with due respect for the culture of the peoples concerned, their political, economic, social, and educational advancement, their just treatment, and their protection against abuses;\nb. to develop self-government, to take due account of the political aspirations of the peoples, and to assist them in the progressive development of their free political institutions, according to the particular circumstances of each territory and its peoples and their varying stages of advancement;\nc. to further international peace and security;\nd. to promote constructive measures of development, to encourage research, and to co-operate with one another and, when and where appropriate, with specialized international bodies with a view to the practical achievement of the social, eco- nomic, and scientific purposes set forth in this Article; and\ne. to transmit regularly to the Secretary- General for information purposes, subject to such limitation as security and constitutional considerations may require, statistical and other information of a technical nature relating to economic, social, and educational conditions in the territories for which they are respectively responsible other than those territories to which Chapters XII and XIII apply.\nMembers of the United Nations also agree that their policy in respect of the territories to which this Chapter applies, no less than in respect of their metropolitan areas, must be based on the general principle of good-neigh-bourliness, due account being taken of the interests and well-being of the rest of the world, in social, economic, and commercial matters."} | |
| {"key": "charter:chapter_12", "title": "CHAPTER XII INTERNATIONAL TRUSTEESHIP SYSTEM", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The United Nations shall establish under its authority an international trusteeship system for the administration and supervision of such territories as may be placed thereunder by subsequent individual agreements. These territories are hereinafter referred to as trust territories.\nThe basic objectives of the trusteeship system, in accordance with the Purposes of the United Nations laid down in Article 1 of the present Charter, shall be:\na. to further international peace and security;\nb. to promote the political, economic, social, and educational advancement of the inhabitants of the trust territories, and their progressive development towards self-government or independence as may be appropriate to the particular circumstances of each territory and its peoples and the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned, and as may be provided by the terms of each trusteeship agreement;\nc. to encourage respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all with- out : as to race, sex, language, or religion, and to encourage recognition of the interdependence of the peoples of the world; and\nd. to ensure equal treatment in social, economic, and commercial matters for all Members of the United Nations and their , and also equal treatment for the latter in the administration of justice, with- out prejudice to the attainment of the fore- going objectives and subject to the provisions of Article 80.\n1. The trusteeship system shall apply to such territories in the following categories as may be placed thereunder by means of trusteeship agreements:\na. territories now held under mandate;\nb. territories which may be detached from enemy states as a result of the Second World War; and\nc. territories voluntarily placed under the system by states responsible for their administration.\n2. It will be a matter for subsequent agreement as to which territories in the foregoing categories will be brought under the trustee- ship system and upon what terms.\nThe trusteeship system shall not apply to territories which have become Members of the United Nations, relationship among which shall be based on respect for the principle of sovereign equality.\nThe terms of trusteeship for each territory to be placed under the trusteeship system, including any alteration or amendment, shall be agreed upon by the states directly concerned, including the mandatory power in the case of territories held under mandate by a Member of the United Nations, and shall be approved as provided for in Articles 83 and 85.\n1. Except as may be agreed upon in individual trusteeship agreements, made under Articles 77, 79, and 81, placing each territory under the trusteeship system, and until such agreements have been concluded, nothing in this Chapter shall be construed in or of itself to alter in any manner the rights whatsoever of any states or any peoples or the terms of existing international instruments to which Members of the United Nations may respectively be parties.\n2. Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not be interpreted as giving grounds for delay or postponement of the negotiation and conclusion of agreements for placing mandated and other territories under the trusteeship system as provided for in Article 77.\nThe trusteeship agreement shall in each case include the terms under which the trust territory will be administered and designate the authority which will exercise the administration of the trust territory. Such authority, hereinafter called the administering authority, may be one or more states or the Organization itself.\nThere may be designated, in any trusteeship agreement, a strategic area or areas which may include part or all of the trust territory to which the agreement applies, without prejudice to any special agreement or agreements made under Article 43.\n1. All functions of the United Nations relating to strategic areas, including the approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements and of their alteration or amendment, shall be exercised by the Security Council.\n2. he basic objectives set forth in Article 76 shall be applicable to the people of each strategic area. 43\n3. The Security Council shall, subject to the provisions of the trusteeship agreements and without prejudice to security considerations, avail itself of the assistance of the Trusteeship Council to perform those functions of the United Nations under the trusteeship system relating to political, economic, social, and educational matters in the strategic areas.\nIt shall be the duty of the administering authority to ensure that the trust territory shall play its part in the maintenance of international peace and security. To this end the administering authority may make use of volunteer forces, facilities, and assistance from the trust territory in carrying out the obligations towards the Security Council undertaken in this regard by the administering authority, as well as for local defence and the maintenance of law and order within the trust territory.\n1. The functions of the United Nations with regard to trusteeship agreements for all areas not designated as strategic, including the approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements and of their alteration or amendment, shall be exercised by the General Assembly.\n2. The Trusteeship Council, operating under the authority of the General Assembly, shall assist the General Assembly in carrying out these functions."} | |
| {"key": "charter:chapter_13", "title": "CHAPTER XIII THE TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The Trusteeship Council shall consist of the following Members of the United Nations:\na. those Members administering trust territories;\nb. such of those Members mentioned by name in Article 23 as are not administering trust territories; and\nc. as many other Members elected for three-year terms by the General Assembly as may be necessary to ensure that the total number of members of the Trusteeship Council is equally divided between those Members of the United Nations which ad- minister trust territories and those which do not.\n2. Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall designate one specially qualified person to represent it therein.\nThe General Assembly and, under its authority, the Trusteeship Council, in carrying out their functions, may:\na. consider reports submitted by the ad- ministering authority;\nb. accept petitions and examine them in consultation with the administering authority;\nc. provide for periodic visits to the respective trust territories at times agreed upon with the administering authority; and\nd. take these and other actions in conformity with the terms of the trusteeship agreements.\nThe Trusteeship Council shall formulate a questionnaire on the political, economic, social, and educational advancement of the inhabitants of each trust territory, and the administering authority for each trust territory within the competence of the General Assembly shall make an annual report to the General Assembly upon the basis of such questionnaire.\n1. Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall have one vote.\n2. Decisions of the Trusteeship Council shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.\n1. The Trusteeship Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President.\n2. The Trusteeship Council shall meet as required in accordance with its rules, which shall include provision for the convening of meetings on the request of a majority of its members.\nThe Trusteeship Council shall, when appropriate, avail itself of the assistance of the Economic and Social Council and of the specialized agencies in regard to matters with which they are respectively concerned."} | |
| {"key": "charter:chapter_14", "title": "CHAPTER XIV THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The International Court of Justice shall be the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It shall function in accordance with the annexed Statute, which is based upon the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice and forms an integral part of the present Charter.\n1. All Members of the United Nations are **ipso facto** parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice.\n2. A state which is not a Member of the United Nations may become a party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice on conditions to be determined in each case by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.\n1. Each Member of the United Nations undertakes to comply with the decision of the International Court of Justice in any case to which it is a party.\n2. If any party to a case fails to perform the obligations incumbent upon it under a judgment rendered by the Court, the other party may have recourse to the Security Council, which may, if it deems necessary, make recommendations or decide upon measures to be taken to give effect to the judgment.\nNothing in the present Charter shall prevent Members of the United Nations from entrusting the solution of their differences to other tribunals by virtue of agreements already in existence or which may be concluded in the future.\n1. The General Assembly or the Security Council may request the International Court of Justice to give an advisory opinion on any legal question.\n2. Other organs of the United Nations and specialized agencies, which may at any time be so authorized by the General Assembly, may also request advisory opinions of the Court on legal questions arising within the scope of their activities."} | |
| {"key": "charter:chapter_15", "title": "CHAPTER XV THE SECRETARIAT", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Secretariat shall comprise a Secretary- General and such staff as the Organization may require. The Secretary-General shall be appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. He shall be the chief administrative officer of the Organization.\nThe Secretary-General shall act in that capacity in all meetings of the General Assembly, of the Security Council, of the Economic and Social Council, and of the Trusteeship Council, and shall perform such other functions as are entrusted to him by these organs. The Secretary-General shall make an annual report to the General Assembly on the work of the Organization.\nThe Secretary-General may bring to the attention of the Security Council any matter which in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security.\n1. In the performance of their duties the Secretary-General and the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any government or from any other authority external to the Organization. They shall refrain from any action which might reflect on their position as international officials responsible only to the Organization.\n2. Each Member of the United Nations undertakes to respect the exclusively inter- national character of the responsibilities of the Secretary-General and the staff and not to seek to influence them in the discharge of their responsibilities.\n1. The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under regulations established by the General Assembly.\n2. Appropriate staffs shall be permanently assigned to the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, and, as required, to other organs of the United Nations. These staffs shall form a part of the Secretariat.\n3. The paramount consideration in the employment of the staff and in the determination of the conditions of service shall be the necessity of securing the highest standards of efficiency, competence, and integrity. Due regard shall be paid to the importance of recruiting the staff on as wide a geographical basis as possible."} | |
| {"key": "charter:chapter_16", "title": "CHAPTER XVI MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. Every treaty and every international agreement entered into by any Member of the United Nations after the present Charter comes into force shall as soon as possible be registered with the Secretariat and published by it.\n2. No party to any such treaty or international agreement which has not been registered in accordance with the provisions of paragraph I of this Article may invoke that treaty or agreement before any organ of the United Nations.\nIn the event of a conflict between the obligations of the Members of the United Nations under the present Charter and their obligations under any other international agreement, their obligations under the present Charter shall prevail.\nThe Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such legal capacity as may be necessary for the exercise of its functions and the fulfilment of its purposes.\n1. The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes.\n2. Representatives of the Members of the United Nations and officials of the Organization shall similarly enjoy such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization.\n3. The General Assembly may make recommendations with a view to determining the details of the application of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article or may propose conventions to the Members of the United Nations for this purpose."} | |
| {"key": "charter:chapter_17", "title": "CHAPTER XVII TRANSITIONAL SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "charter", "text": "Pending the coming into force of such special agreements referred to in Article 43 as in the opinion of the Security Council enable it to begin the exercise of its responsibilities under Article 42, the parties to the Four-Nation Declaration, signed at Moscow, 30 October 1943, and France, shall, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 5 of that Declaration, consult with one another and as occasion requires with other Members of the United Nations with a view to such joint action on behalf of the Organization as may be necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security.\nNothing in the present Charter shall in- validate or preclude action, in relation to any state which during the Second World War has been an enemy of any signatory to the present Charter, taken or authorized as a result of that war by the Governments having responsibility for such action."} | |
| {"key": "charter:chapter_18", "title": "CHAPTER XVIII AMENDMENTS", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "charter", "text": "Amendments to the present Charter shall come into force for all Members of the United Nations when they have been adopted by a vote of two thirds of the members of the General Assembly and ratified in accordance with their respective constitutional processes by two thirds of the Members of the United Nations, including all the permanent members of the Security Council.\n1. A General Conference of the Members of the United Nations for the purpose of reviewing the present Charter may be held at a date and place to be fixed by a two-thirds vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any nine members of the Security Council. Each Member of the United Nations shall have one vote in the conference.\n2. Any alteration of the present Charter recommended by a two-thirds vote of the conference shall take effect when ratified in accordance with their respective constitutional processes by two thirds of the Members of the United Nations including the permanent members of the Security Council.\n3. If such a conference has not been held before the tenth annual session of the General Assembly following the coming into force of the present Charter, the proposal to call such a conference shall be placed on the agenda of that session of the General Assembly, and the conference shall be held if so decided by a majority vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any seven members of the Security Council."} | |
| {"key": "charter:chapter_19", "title": "CHAPTER XIX RATIFICATION AND SIGNATURE", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The present Charter shall be ratified by the signatory states in accordance with their respective constitutional processes.\n2. The shall be deposited with the Government of the Unite States of America, which shall notify all the signatory states of each deposit as well as the Secretary-General of the Organization when he has been appointed.\n3. The present Charter shall come into force upon the deposit of by the Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist, the United King- dom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America, and by a majority of the other signatory states. A protocol of the deposited shall thereupon be drawn up by the Government of the United States of America which shall communicate copies thereof to all the signa- tory states.\n4. The states signatory to the present Charter which ratify it after it has come into force will become original Members of the United Nations on the date of the deposit of their respective ratifications.\nThe present Charter, of which the Chinese, French, Russian, English, and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall remain deposited in the archives of the Government of -the United States of America. Duly certified copies thereof shall be transmitted by that Government to the Governments of the other signatory states.\nIN FAITH WHEREOF the representatives of the Governments of the United Nations have signed the present Charter.\nDONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five."} | |
| {"key": "charter:chapter_2", "title": "CHAPTER II MEMBERSHIP", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The original Members of the United Nations shall be the states which, having participated in the United Nations Conference on International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, sign the present Charter and ratify it in accordance with Article 110.\n1. Membership in the United Nations is open to a other peace-loving states which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations.\n2. The admission of any such state to membership in the Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.\nA Member of the United Nations against which preventive or enforcement action has been taken by the Security Council may be suspended from the exercise of the rights and privileges of membership by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. The exercise of these rights and privileges may be restored by the Security Council.\nA Member of the United Nations which has persistently violated the Principles contained in the present Charter may be expelled from the Organization by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council."} | |
| {"key": "charter:chapter_3", "title": "CHAPTER III ORGANS", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. There are established as the principal organs of the United Nations: a General Assembly, a Security Council, an Economic and Social Council, a Trusteeship Council, an International Court of Justice, and a Secretariat.\n2. Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may be established in accordance with the present Charter.\nThe United Nations shall place no restrictions on the eligibility of men and women to participate in any capacity and under conditions of equality in its principal and subsidiary organs."} | |
| {"key": "charter:chapter_4", "title": "CHAPTER IV THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The General Assembly shall consist of all the Members of the United Nations.\n2. Each Member shall have not more than five representatives in the General Assembly.\nThe General Assembly may discuss any questions or any matters within the scope of the present Charter or relating to the powers and functions of any organs provided for in the present Charter, and, except as provided in Article 12, may make recommendations to the Members of the United Nations or to the Security Council or to both on any such questions or matters.\n1. The General Assembly may consider the general principles of co-operation in the maintenance of international peace and security, including the principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments, and may make recommendations with regard to such principles to the Members or to the Security Council or to both.\n2. The General Assembly may discuss any questions relating to the maintenance of international peace and security brought before it by any Member of the United Nations, or by the Security Council, or by a state which is not a Member of the United Nations in accordance with Article 35, paragraph 2, and, except as provided in Article 12, may make recommendations with regard to any such questions to the state or states concerned or to the Security Council or to both. Any such question on which action is necessary shall be referred to the Security Council by the General Assembly either before or after discussion.\n3. The General Assembly may call the attention of the Security Council to situations which are likely to endanger international peace and security.\n4. The powers of the General Assembly set forth in this Article shall not limit the general scope of Article 10.\n1. While the Security Council is exercising in respect of any dispute or situation the functions assigned to it in the present Charter, the General Assembly shall not make any recommendation with regard to that dispute or situation unless the Security Council so requests.\n2. The Secretary-General, with the consent of the Security Council, shall notify the General Assembly at each session of any matters relative to the maintenance of international peace and security which are being dealt with by the Security Council and similarly notify the General Assembly, or the Members of the United Nations if the General Assembly is not in session, immediately the Security Council ceases to deal with such matters.\n1. The General Assembly shall initiate studies and make recommendations for the purpose of:\na. promoting international co-operation in the political field and encouraging the progressive development of international law and its codification;\nb. promoting international co-operation in the economic, social, cultural, educational, and health fields, an assisting in the realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.\n2. The further responsibilities, functions and powers of the General with respect to matters mentioned in paragraph ) above are set forth in Chapters IX and X.\nSubject to the provisions of Article 12, the General Assembly may recommend measures for the peaceful adjustment of any situation, regardless of origin, which it deems likely to impair the general welfare or friendly relations among nations, including situations resulting from a violation of the provisions of the present Charter setting forth the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations.\n1. The General Assembly shall receive and consider annual and special reports from the Security Council; these reports shall include an account of the measures that the Security Council has decided upon or taken to maintain international peace and security.\n2. The General Assembly shall receive and consider reports from the other organs of the United Nations.\nThe General Assembly shall perform such functions with respect to the international trusteeship system as are assigned to it under Chapters XII and XIII, including the approval of the trusteeship agreements for areas not designated as strategic.\n1. The General Assembly shall consider and approve the budget of the Organization.\n2. The expenses of the Organization shall be borne by the Members as apportioned by the General Assembly.\n3. The Assembly shall consider and approve any financial and budgetary arrangements with specialize agencies referred to in Article 57 and shall examine the administrative budgets of such specialized agencies with a view to making recommendations to the agencies concerned.\n1. Each member of the General Assembly shall have one vote.\n2. Decisions of the General Assembly on important questions shall be made by a two- thirds majority of the members present and voting. These questions shall include: recommendations with respect to the maintenance of international peace and security, the election of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, the election of the members of the Economic and Social Council, the election of members of the Trusteeship Council in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 86, the admission of new Members to the United Nations, the suspension of the rights and privileges of membership, the expulsion of Members, questions relating to the operation of the trusteeship system, and budgetary questions.\n3. Decisions on other questions, including the determination of additional categories of questions to be decided by a two-thirds majority, shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.\nA Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a Member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.\nThe General Assembly shall meet in regular annual sessions and in such special sessions as occasion may require. Special sessions shall be convoked by the Secretary-General at the request of the Security Council or of a majority of the Members of the United Nations.\nThe General Assembly shall adopt its own rules of procedure. It shall elect its President for each session.\nThe General Assembly may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions."} | |
| {"key": "charter:chapter_5", "title": "CHAPTER V THE SECURITY COUNCIL", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist , the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid, in the first in- stance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution.\n2. The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non- permanent members after the increase of the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election.\n3. Each member of the Security Council shall have one representative.\n1. In order to ensure prompt and effective action by the United Nations, its Members confer on the Security Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, and agree that in carrying out its duties under this responsibility the Security Council acts on their behalf.\n2. In discharging these duties the Security Council shall act in accordance with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations. The specific powers granted to the Security Council for the discharge of these duties are laid down in Chapters VI, VII, VIII, and XII.\n3. The Security Council shall submit annual and, when necessary, special reports to the General Assembly for its consideration.\nThe Members of the United Nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council in accordance with the present Charter.\nIn order to promote the establishment and maintenance of international peace and security with the least diversion for armaments of the world's human and economic resources, the Security Council shall be responsible for formulating, with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee referred to in Article 47, plans to be submitted to the Members of the United-Nations for the establishment of a system for the regulation of armaments.\n1. Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote.\n2. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members.\n3. Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting.\n1. The Security Council shall be so organized as to be able to function continuously. Each member of the Security Council shall for this purpose be represented at times at the seat of the Organization.\n2. The Security Council shall hold meetings at which each of its members may, if it so desires, be represented by a member of the government or by some other specially designated representative.\n3. The Security Council may hold meetings at such places other than the seat of the Organization as in its judgment will best facilitate its work.\nThe Security Council may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions.\nThe Security Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President.\nAny Member of the United Nations which is not a member of the Security Council may participate, without vote, in the discussion of any question brought before the Security Council whenever the latter considers that the interests of that Member are specially affected.\nAny Member of the United Nations which is not a member of the Security Council or any state which is not a Member of the United Nations, if it is a party to a dispute under consideration by the Security Council, shall be invited to participate, without vote, in the discussion relating to the dispute. The Security Council shall any down such conditions as it deems just for the participation of a state which is not a Member of the United Nations."} | |
| {"key": "charter:chapter_6", "title": "CHAPTER VI PACIFIC SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other peaceful means of their own choice.\n2. The Security Council shall, when it deems necessary, call upon the parties to settle their dispute by such means.\nThe Security Council may investigate any dispute, or any situation which might lead to international friction or give rise to a dispute, in order to determine whether the continuance of the dispute or situation is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security.\n1. Any Member of the United Nations may bring any dispute, or any situation of the nature referred to in Article 34, to the attention of the Security Council or of the General Assembly.\n2. A state which is not a Member of the United Nations may bring to the attention of the Security Council or of the General Assembly any dispute to which it is a party if it accepts in advance, for the purposes of the dispute, the obligations of pacific settlement provided in the present Charter.\n3. The proceedings of the General Assembly in respect of matters brought to its attention under this Article will be subject to the provisions of Articles 11 and 12.\n1. The Security Council may, at any stage of a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 or of a situation of like nature, recommend appropriate procedures or methods of adjustment.\n2. The Security Council should take into consideration any procedures for the settlement of the dispute which have already been adopted by the parties.\n3. In making recommendations under this Article the Security Council should also take into consideration that legal disputes should as a general rule be referred by the parties to the International Court of Justice in accordance with the provisions of the Statute of the Court.\n1. Should the parties to a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 fail to settle it by the means indicated in that Article, they shall refer it to the Security Council.\n2. If the Security Council deems that the continuance of the dispute is in fact likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, it shall decide whether to take action under Article 36 or to recommend such terms of settlement as it may consider appropriate.\nWithout prejudice to the provisions of Articles 33 to 37, the Security Council may, if all the parties to any dispute so request, make recommendations to the parties with a view to a pacific settlement of the dispute."} | |
| {"key": "charter:chapter_7", "title": "CHAPTER VII ACTION WITH RESPECT TO THREATS TO THE PEACE, BREACHES OF THE PEACE, AND ACTS OF AGGRESSION", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Security Council shall determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and shall make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be taken in accordance with Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or restore international peace and security.\nIn order to prevent an aggravation of the situation, the Security Council may, before making the recommendations or deciding upon the measures provided for in Article 39, call upon the parties concerned to comply with such provisional measures as it deems necessary or desirable. Such provisional measures shall be without prejudice to the rights, claims, or position of the parties concerned. The Security Council shall duly take account of failure to comply with such provisional measures.\nThe Security Council may decide what measures not involving the use of armed force are to be employed to give effect to its decisions, and it may call upon the Members of the United Nations to apply such measures. These may include complete or partial interruption of economic relations and of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio, and other means of communication, and the severance of diplomatic relations.\nShould the Security Council consider that measures provided for in Article 41 would be inadequate or have proved to be inadequate, it may take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security. Such action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea, or land forces of Members of the United Nations.\n1. All Members of the United Nations, in order to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security, undertake to make available to the Security Council, on its and in accordance with a special agreement or agreements, armed forces, assistance, and facilities, including rights of passage, necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security.\n2. Such agreement or agreements shall govern the numbers and types of forces, their degree of readiness and general location, and the nature of the facilities and assistance to be provided.\n3. The agreement or agreements shall be negotiated as soon as possible on the initiative of the Security Council. They shall be concluded between the Security Council and Members or between the Security Council and groups of Members and shall be subject to ratification by the signatory states in accordance with their respective constitutional processes.\nWhen Security Council has decided to use force it shall, before calling upon a Member not represented on it to provide armed forces in fulfilment of the obligations assumed under Article 43, invite that Member, if the Member so desires, to participate in the decisions of the Security Council concerning the employment of contingents of that Member's armed forces.\nIn order to enable the Nations to take urgent military measures, Members shall hold immediately available national air-force contingents for combined international enforcement action. The strength and degree of readiness of these contingents and plans for their combined action shall be determined, within the limits laid down in the special agreement or agreements referred to in Article 43, by the Security Council with the assistance of the Military Committee.\nPlans for the application of armed force shall be made by the Security Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee.\n1. There shall be established a Military Staff Committee to advise and assist the Security Council on questions relating to the Security Council's military requirements for the maintenance of international peace and security, the employment and command of forces placed at its disposal, the regulation of armaments, and possible disarmament.\n2. The Military Staff Committee consist of the Chiefs of Staff of the permanent members of the Security Council or their representatives. Any Member of the United Nations not permanently represented on the Committee shall be invited by the Committee to be associated with it when the efficient discharge of the Committee's responsibilities re- quires the participation of that Member its work.\n3. The Military Staff Committee be responsible under the Security Council for the strategic direction of any armed forces paced at the disposal of the Security Council. Questions relating to the command of such forces shall be worked out subsequently.\n4. The Military Staff Committee, with the authorization of the security Council and after consultation with appropriate regional agencies, may establish sub-commit- tees.\n1. The action required to carry out the decisions of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security shall be taken by all the Members of the United Nations or by some of them, as the Security Council may determine.\n2. Such decisions shall be carried out by the Members of the United Nations directly and through their action in the appropriate international agencies of which they are members.\nThe Members of the United Nations shall join in affording mutual assistance in carrying out the measures decided upon by the Security Council.\nIf preventive or enforcement measures against any state are taken by the Security Council, any other state, whether a Member of the United Nations or not, which finds itself confronted with special economic problems arising from the carrying out of those measures shall have the right to consult the Security Council with regard to a solution of those problems.\nNothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations, until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security. Measures taken by Members in the exercise of this right of self-defence shall be immediately reported to the Security Council and shall not in any way affect the authority and responsibility of the Security Council under the present Charter to take at any time such action as it deems necessary in order to maintain or restore international peace and security."} | |
| {"key": "charter:chapter_8", "title": "CHAPTER VIII REGIONAL ARRANGEMENTS", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "charter", "text": "1. Nothing in the present Charter the existence of regional arrangements or agencies for dealing with such matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security as are appropriate for regional action, provided that such arrangements or agencies and their activities are consistent with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations.\n2. The Members of the United Nations entering into such arrangements or constituting such agencies shall make every effort to achieve pacific settlement of local disputes through such regional arrangements or by such regional agencies before referring them to the Security Council.\n3. The Security Council shall encourage the development of pacific settlement of local disputes through such regional arrangements or by such regional agencies either on the initiative of the states concerned or by reference from the Security Council.\n4. This Article in no way the application of Articles 34 and 35.\n1. The Security Council shall, where appropriate, utilize such regional arrangements or agencies for enforcement action under its authority. But no enforcement action shall be taken under regional arrangements or by regional agencies without the authorization of the Security Council, with the exception of measures against any enemy state, as defined in paragraph 2 of this Article, provided for pursuant to Article 107 or in regional arrangements directed against renewal of aggressive policy on the part of any such state, until such time as the Organization may, on request of the Governments concerned, be charged with the responsibility for preventing further aggression by such a state.\n2. The term enemy state as used in para- graph 1 of this Article applies to any state which during the Second World War has been an enemy of any signatory of the present Charter.\nThe Security Council shall at all times be kept fully informed of activities undertaken or in contemplation under regional arrangements or by regional agencies for the maintenance of international peace and security."} | |
| {"key": "charter:chapter_9", "title": "CHAPTER IX INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CO-OPERATION", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "charter", "text": "With a view to the creation of conditions of stability and well-being which are necessary for peaceful and friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, the United Nations shall promote:\na. higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development;\nb. solutions of international economic, social, health, and related problems; and international cultural and educational co- operation; and\nc. universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.\nAll Members pledge themselves to take joint and separate action in co-operation with the Organization for the achievement of the purposes set forth in Article 55.\n1. The various specialized agencies, established by intergovernmental agreement and having wide international responsibilities, as defined in their basic instruments, in economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related fields, shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 63.\n2. Such agencies thus brought into relationship with the United Nations are hereinafter referred to as specialized agencies.\nThe Organization shall make recommendations for the co-ordination of the policies and activities of the specialized agencies.\nThe Organization shall, where appropriate, initiate negotiations among the states concerned for the creation of any new specialized agencies required for the accomplishment of the purposes set forth in Article 55.\nResponsibility for the discharge of the functions of the Organization set forth in this Chapter shall be vested in the General Assembly and, under the authority of the General Assembly, in the Economic and Social Council, which shall have for this purpose the powers set forth in Chapter X."} | |
| {"key": "charter:intro", "title": "INTRODUCTORY NOTE", "level": "introductory_note", "instrument": "charter", "text": "The Charter of the United Nations was signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco, at the conclusion of the United Nations Conference on International Organisation, and came into force on 24 October 1945. The Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the Charter.\nAmendments to Articles 23, 27 and 61 of the Charter were adopted by the General Assembly on 17 December 1963 and came into force on 31 August 1965. A further amendment to Article 61 was adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 1971, and came into force on 24 September 1973. An amendment to Article 109, adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 1965, came into force on 12 June 1968.\nThe amended Article 27 provides that decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members (formerly seven) and on all other matters by an affirmative vote of nine members (formerly seven), including the concurring votes of the five permanent members of the Security Council.\nThe amendment to Article 61, which entered into force on 31 August 1965, enlarged the membership of the Economic and Social Council from eighteen to twenty-seven. The subsequent amendment to that Article, which entered into force on 24 September 1973, further increased the membership of the Council from twenty-seven to fifty-four.\nThe amendment to Article 109, which relates to the first paragraph of that Article, provides that a General Conference of Member States for the purpose of reviewing the Charter may be held at a date and place to be fixed by a two-thirds vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any nine members (formerly seven) of the Security Council. Paragraph 3 of Article 109, which deals with the consideration of a possible review conference during the tenth regular session of the General Assembly, has been retained in its original form in its reference to a “vote, of any seven members of the Security Council”, the paragraph having been acted upon in 1955 by the General Assembly, at its tenth regular session, and by the Security Council."} | |
| {"key": "charter:preamble", "title": "PREAMBLE TO THE CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS", "level": "preamble", "instrument": "charter", "text": "WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS, DETERMINED\nto save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and\nto reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and\nto establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and\nto promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,\nAND FOR THESE ENDS\nto practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and\nto unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and\nto ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and\nto employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples,\nHAVE RESOLVED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO ACCOMPLISH THESE AIMS\nAccordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international organization to be known as the United Nations."} | |
| {"key": "practice_directions:practice_direction_1", "title": "Practice Direction I", "level": "practice_direction", "instrument": "practice_directions", "text": "The Court wishes to discourage the practice of simultaneous filing of pleadings in cases brought by special agreement.\nThe Court would expect future special agreements to contain provisions as to the number and order of pleadings, in accordance with Article 46, paragraph 1, of the Rules of Court. Such provisions shall be without prejudice to any issue in the case, including the issue of burden of proof.\nIf the special agreement contains no provisions on the number and order of pleadings, the Court will expect the parties to reach agreement to that effect, in accordance with Article 46, paragraph 2, of the Rules of Court."} | |
| {"key": "practice_directions:practice_direction_10", "title": "Practice Direction X", "level": "practice_direction", "instrument": "practice_directions", "text": "Whenever a decision on a procedural issue needs to be made in a case and the President deems it necessary to call a meeting of the agents to ascertain the views of the parties in this regard pursuant to Article 31 of the Rules of Court, agents are expected to attend that meeting as early as possible."} | |
| {"key": "practice_directions:practice_direction_11", "title": "Practice Direction XI", "level": "practice_direction", "instrument": "practice_directions", "text": "In the oral pleadings on requests for the indication of provisional measures parties should limit themselves to what is relevant to the criteria for the indication of provisional measures as stipulated in the Statute, Rules and jurisprudence of the Court. They should not enter into the merits of the case beyond what is strictly necessary for that purpose."} | |
| {"key": "practice_directions:practice_direction_12", "title": "Practice Direction XII", "level": "practice_direction", "instrument": "practice_directions", "text": "1. Where an international non-governmental organization submits a written statement and/or document in advisory proceedings on its own initiative, such statement and/or document is not to be considered part of the case file.\n2. Such statements and/or documents shall be treated as publications readily available and may accordingly be referred to by States and intergovernmental organizations presenting written and oral statements in the case in the same manner as publications in the public domain.\n3. Written statements and/or documents submitted by international non-governmental organizations will be placed in a designated location in the Peace Palace. All States as well as intergovernmental organizations presenting written or oral statements under Article 66 of the Statute will be informed as to the location where statements and/or documents submitted by international non-governmental organizations may be consulted."} | |
| {"key": "practice_directions:practice_direction_13", "title": "Practice Direction XIII", "level": "practice_direction", "instrument": "practice_directions", "text": "The reference in Article 31 of the Rules of Court to ascertaining the views of the parties with regard to questions of procedure is to be understood as follows:\nAfter the initial meeting with the President, and in case of any further ascertainment of the parties’ views relating to questions of procedure, the parties may, provided they agree on the procedure to be followed, inform the President by letter accordingly.\nThe views of the parties as to the future procedure may also, should they agree, be ascertained by means of a video or telephone conference.\nThe Court adopted Practice Directions I to VI on 31 October 2001 for use by States appearing before it. The date of subsequent adoption or amendment of Practice Directions is indicated in footnotes in the present document. Practice Directions involve no alteration to the Rules of Court, but are additional thereto. The Practice Directions have been amended on 24 October 2023 with immediate effect in order to render the provisions therein gender inclusive. Amendment promulgated on 30 January 2009. Further amendment, establishing the page limit, promulgated on 20 January 2021, applicable to proceedings instituted after that date. Amendments promulgated on 30 July 2004 and 11 December 2019. Amendment promulgated on 30 January 2009. Adopted on 7 February 2002. Adopted on 7 February 2002. Promulgated on 4 April 2002; amendment promulgated on 13 December 2006. Promulgated on 13 December 2006. Promulgated on 13 December 2006. Promulgated on 11 April 2013. Promulgated on 30 July 2004. Promulgated on 30 July 2004; amendment promulgated on 13 December 2006. Promulgated on 30 July 2004. Promulgated on 30 January 2009."} | |
| {"key": "practice_directions:practice_direction_2", "title": "Practice Direction II", "level": "practice_direction", "instrument": "practice_directions", "text": "Each of the parties, in drawing up its written pleadings, is to bear in mind the fact that these pleadings are intended not only to reply to the submissions and arguments of the other party, but also, and above all, to present clearly the submissions and arguments of the party which is filing the pleadings.\nIn the light of this, at the conclusion of the written pleadings of each party, there is to appear a short summary of its reasoning."} | |
| {"key": "practice_directions:practice_direction_3", "title": "Practice Direction III", "level": "practice_direction", "instrument": "practice_directions", "text": "The parties are strongly urged to keep the written pleadings as concise as possible, in a manner compatible with the full presentation of their positions.\nIn view of an excessive tendency towards the proliferation and protraction of annexes to written pleadings, the parties are also urged to append to their pleadings only strictly selected documents. The number of pages of annexes attached by a party to its written pleadings shall not exceed 750 in total, unless the Court decides, upon request of a party, that a number in excess of that limit is warranted, in the particular circumstances of the case."} | |
| {"key": "practice_directions:practice_direction_4", "title": "Practice Direction IV", "level": "practice_direction", "instrument": "practice_directions", "text": "Where one of the parties has a full or partial translation of its own pleadings or of those of the other party in the other official language of the Court, these translations should as a matter of course be passed to the Registry of the Court. The same applies to the annexes.\nThese translations will be examined by the Registry and communicated to the other party. The latter will also be informed of the manner in which they were prepared."} | |
| {"key": "practice_directions:practice_direction_5", "title": "Practice Direction V", "level": "practice_direction", "instrument": "practice_directions", "text": "With the aim of accelerating proceedings on preliminary objections made by one party under Article 79 bis, paragraph 1, of the Rules of Court, the time-limit for the presentation by the other party of a written statement of its observations and submissions under Article 79 bis, paragraph 3, shall generally not exceed four months from the date of the filing of the preliminary objections."} | |
| {"key": "practice_directions:practice_direction_6", "title": "Practice Direction VI", "level": "practice_direction", "instrument": "practice_directions", "text": "The Court requires full compliance with Article 60, paragraph 1, of the Rules of Court and observance of the requisite degree of brevity in oral pleadings. In that context, the Court would find it very helpful if the parties focused in the first round of the oral proceedings on those points which have been raised by one party at the stage of written proceedings but which have not so far been adequately addressed by the other, as well as on those which each party wishes to emphasize in concluding its arguments. Where objections of lack of jurisdiction or of inadmissibility are being considered, oral proceedings are to be limited to statements on the objections."} | |
| {"key": "practice_directions:practice_direction_7", "title": "Practice Direction VII", "level": "practice_direction", "instrument": "practice_directions", "text": "The Court considers that it is not in the interest of the sound administration of justice that a person sit as judge ad hoc in one case who is also acting or has recently acted as agent, counsel or advocate in another case before the Court. Accordingly, parties, when choosing a judge ad hoc pursuant to Article 31 of the Statute and Article 35 of the Rules of Court, should refrain from nominating persons who are acting as agent, counsel or advocate in another case before the Court or have acted in that capacity in the three years preceding the date of the nomination. Furthermore, parties should likewise refrain from designating as agent, counsel or advocate in a case before the Court a person who sits as judge ad hoc in another case before the Court."} | |
| {"key": "practice_directions:practice_direction_8", "title": "Practice Direction VIII", "level": "practice_direction", "instrument": "practice_directions", "text": "The Court considers that it is not in the interest of the sound administration of justice that a person who until recently was a Member of the Court, judge ad hoc, Registrar, Deputy-Registrar or higher official of the Court (principal legal secretary, first secretary or secretary), appear as agent, counsel or advocate in a case before the Court. Accordingly, parties should refrain from designating as agent, counsel or advocate in a case before the Court a person who in the three years preceding the date of the designation was a Member of the Court, judge ad hoc, Registrar, Deputy-Registrar or higher official of the Court."} | |
| {"key": "practice_directions:practice_direction_9", "title": "Practice Direction IX quater", "level": "practice_direction", "instrument": "practice_directions", "text": "1. Having regard to Article 56 of the Rules of Court, any party wishing to present audiovisual or photographic material at the hearings which was not previously included in the case file of the written proceedings shall submit a request to that effect sufficiently in advance of the date on which that party wishes to present that material to permit the Court to take its decision after having obtained the views of the other party.\n2. The party in question shall explain in its request why it wishes to present the audiovisual or photographic material at the hearings.\n3. A party’s request to present audiovisual or photographic material must be accompanied by information as to the source of the material, the circumstances and date of its making and the extent to which it is available to the public. The party in question must also specify, wherever relevant, the geographic co-ordinates at which that material was taken.\n4. The audiovisual or photographic material which the party in question is seeking to present shall be filed in the Registry in five copies. The Registrar shall communicate a copy to the other party and inform the Court accordingly.\n5. It shall be for the Court to decide on the request, after considering any views expressed by the other party and taking account of any question relating to the sound administration of justice which might be raised by that request."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_1", "title": "Article 1", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Members of the Court are the judges elected in accordance with Articles 2 to 15 of the Statute.\n2. For the purposes of a particular case, the Court may also include upon the Bench one or more persons chosen under Article 31 of the Statute to sit as judges ad hoc.\n3. In the following Rules, the term “Member of the Court” denotes any elected judge; the term “judge” denotes any Member of the Court, and any judge ad hoc."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_10", "title": "Article 10", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The term of office of the President and that of the Vice-President shall begin to run from the date on which the terms of office of the Members of the Court elected at a triennial election begin in accordance with Article 2 of these Rules.\n2. The elections to the presidency and vice-presidency shall be held on that date or shortly thereafter. The former President, if still a Member of the Court, shall continue to exercise the functions of the presidency until the election to the presidency has taken place."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_100", "title": "Article 100", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. If the judgment to be revised or to be interpreted was given by the Court, the request for its revision or interpretation shall be dealt with by the Court. If the judgment was given by a Chamber, the request for its revision or interpretation shall be dealt with by that Chamber.\n2. The decision of the Court, or of the Chamber, on a request for interpretation or revision of a judgment shall itself be given in the form of a judgment."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_101", "title": "Article 101", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "The parties to a case may jointly propose particular modifications or additions to the rules contained in the present Part (with the exception of Articles 93 to 97 inclusive), which may be applied by the Court or by a Chamber if the Court or the Chamber considers them appropriate in the circumstances of the case."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_102", "title": "Article 102", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. In the exercise of its advisory functions under Article 65 of the Statute, the Court shall apply, in addition to the provisions of Article 96 of the Charter and Chapter IV of the Statute, the provisions of the present Part of the Rules.\n2. The Court shall also be guided by the provisions of the Statute and of these Rules which apply in contentious cases to the extent to which it recognizes them to be applicable. For this purpose, it shall above all consider whether the request for the advisory opinion relates to a legal question actually pending between two or more States.\n3. When an advisory opinion is requested upon a legal question actually pending between two or more States, Article 31 of the Statute shall apply, as also the provisions of these Rules concerning the application of that Article."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_103", "title": "Article 103", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "When the body authorized by or in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations to request an advisory opinion informs the Court that its request necessitates an urgent answer, or the Court finds that an early answer would be desirable, the Court shall take all necessary steps to accelerate the procedure, and it shall convene as early as possible for the purpose of proceeding to a hearing and deliberation on the request."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_104", "title": "Article 104", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "All requests for advisory opinions shall be transmitted to the Court by the Secretary-General of the United Nations or, as the case may be, the chief administrative officer of the body authorized to make the request. The documents referred to in Article 65, paragraph 2, of the Statute shall be transmitted to the Court at the same time as the request or as soon as possible thereafter, in the number of copies required by the Registry."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_105", "title": "Article 105", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. Written statements submitted to the Court shall be communicated by the Registrar to any States and organizations which have submitted such statements.\n2. The Court, or the President if the Court is not sitting, shall:\n(a) determine the form in which, and the extent to which, comments permitted under Article 66, paragraph 4, of the Statute shall be received, and fix the time-limit for the submission of any such comments in writing;\n(b) decide whether oral proceedings shall take place at which statements and comments may be submitted to the Court under the provisions of Article 66 of the Statute, and fix the date for the opening of such oral proceedings."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_106", "title": "Article 106", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "The Court, or the President if the Court is not sitting, may decide that the written statements and annexed documents shall be made accessible to the public on or after the opening of the oral proceedings. If the request for advisory opinion relates to a legal question actually pending between two or more States, the views of those States shall first be ascertained."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_107", "title": "Article 107", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. When the Court has completed its deliberations and adopted its advisory opinion, the opinion shall be read at a public sitting of the Court.\n2. The advisory opinion shall contain:\nthe date on which it is delivered;\nthe names of the judges participating;\na summary of the proceedings;\na statement of the facts;\nthe reasons in point of law;\nthe reply to the question put to the Court;\nthe number and names of the judges constituting the majority;\na statement as to the text of the opinion which is authoritative.\n3. Any judge who so desires may attach an individual opinion to the advisory opinion of the Court, whether dissenting from the majority or not; a judge who wishes to record concurrence or dissent without stating reasons may do so in the form of a declaration."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_108", "title": "Article 108", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "The Registrar shall inform the Secretary-General of the United Nations, and, where appropriate, the chief administrative officer of the body which requested the advisory opinion, as to the date and the hour fixed for the public sitting to be held for the reading of the opinion. The Registrar shall also inform the representatives of the Members of the United Nations and other States, specialized agencies and public international organizations immediately concerned."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_109", "title": "Article 109", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "One copy of the advisory opinion, duly signed and sealed, shall be placed in the archives of the Court, another shall be sent to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and, where appropriate, a third to the chief administrative officer of the body which requested the opinion of the Court. Copies shall be sent by the Registrar to the Members of the United Nations and to any other States, specialized agencies and public international organizations immediately concerned."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_11", "title": "Article 11", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. If still a Member of the Court on the date of the election to the presidency, the former President shall conduct the election. If the former President has ceased to be a Member of the Court, or is unable to act, the election shall be conducted by the Member of the Court exercising the functions of the presidency by virtue of Article 13, paragraph 1, of these Rules.\n2. The election shall take place by secret ballot, after the presiding Member of the Court has declared the number of affirmative votes necessary for election; there shall be no nominations. The Member of the Court obtaining the votes of a majority of the Members composing it at the time of the election shall be declared elected, and shall enter forthwith upon the functions of the presidency.\n3. The new President shall conduct the election of the Vice-President either at the same or at the following meeting. The provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article shall apply equally to this election."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_12", "title": "Article 12", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "The President shall preside at all meetings of the Court, direct the work and supervise the administration of the Court."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_13", "title": "Article 13", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. In the event of a vacancy in the presidency or of the inability of the President to exercise the functions of the presidency, these shall be exercised by the Vice-President, or failing that, by the senior judge.\n2. When precluded by a provision of the Statute or of these Rules either from sitting or from presiding in a particular case, the President shall continue to exercise the functions of the presidency for all purposes save in respect of that case.\n3. The President shall take the measures necessary in order to ensure the continuous exercise of the functions of the presidency at the seat of the Court. If absent, the President may, so far as is compatible with the Statute and these Rules, arrange for these functions to be exercised by the Vice-President, or failing that, by the senior judge.\n4. A decision of the President to resign the presidency shall be communicated in writing to the Court through the Vice-President, or failing that, the senior judge. A decision of the Vice-President to resign the vice-presidency shall be communicated to the President."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_14", "title": "Article 14", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "If a vacancy in the presidency or the vice-presidency occurs before the date when the current term is due to expire under Article 21, paragraph 1, of the Statute and Article 10, paragraph 1, of these Rules, the Court shall decide whether or not the vacancy shall be filled during the remainder of the term."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_15", "title": "Article 15", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Chamber of Summary Procedure to be formed annually under Article 29 of the Statute shall be composed of five Members of the Court, comprising the President and Vice-President of the Court, acting ex officio, and three other members elected in accordance with Article 18, paragraph 1, of these Rules. In addition, two Members of the Court shall be elected annually to act as substitutes.\n2. The election referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be held as soon as possible after the sixth of February in each year. The members of the Chamber shall enter upon their functions on election and continue to serve until the next election; they may be re-elected.\n3. A member of the Chamber who is unable, for whatever reason, to sit in a given case shall be replaced for the purposes of that case by the senior in precedence of the two substitutes.\n4. If a member of the Chamber resigns or otherwise ceases to be a member, that member’s place shall be taken by the senior in precedence of the two substitutes, who shall thereupon become a full member of the Chamber and be replaced by the election of another substitute. Should vacancies exceed the number of available substitutes, elections shall be held as soon as possible in respect of the vacancies still existing after the substitutes have assumed full membership and in respect of the vacancies in the substitutes."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_16", "title": "Article 16", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. When the Court decides to form one or more of the Chambers provided for in Article 26, paragraph 1, of the Statute, it shall determine the particular category of cases for which each Chamber is formed, the number of its members, the period for which they will serve, and the date at which they will enter upon their duties.\n2. The members of the Chamber shall be elected in accordance with Article 18, paragraph 1, of these Rules from among the Members of the Court, having regard to any special knowledge, expertise or previous experience which any of the Members of the Court may have in relation to the category of case the Chamber is being formed to deal with.\n3. The Court may decide upon the dissolution of a Chamber, but without prejudice to the duty of the Chamber concerned to finish any cases pending before it."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_17", "title": "Article 17", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. A request for the formation of a Chamber to deal with a particular case, as provided for in Article 26, paragraph 2, of the Statute, may be filed at any time until the closure of the written proceedings. Upon receipt of a request made by one party, the President shall ascertain whether the other party assents.\n2. When the parties have agreed, the President shall ascertain their views regarding the composition of the chamber, and shall report to the Court accordingly. The President shall also take such steps as may be necessary to give effect to the provisions of Article 31, paragraph 4, of the Statute.\n3. When the Court has determined, with the approval of the parties, the number of its Members who are to constitute the Chamber, it shall proceed to their election, in accordance with the provisions of Article 18, paragraph 1, of these Rules. The same procedure shall be followed as regards the filling of any vacancy that may occur on the Chamber.\n4. Members of a Chamber formed under this Article who have been replaced, in accordance with Article 13 of the Statute following the expiration of their terms of office, shall continue to sit in all phases of the case, whatever the stage it has then reached."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_18", "title": "Article 18", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. Elections to all Chambers shall take place by secret ballot. The Members of the Court obtaining the largest number of votes constituting a majority of the Members of the Court composing it at the time of the election shall be declared elected. If necessary to fill vacancies, more than one ballot shall take place, such ballot being limited to the number of vacancies that remain to be filled.\n2. If a chamber when formed includes the President or Vice-President of the Court, or both of them, the President or Vice-President, as the case may be, shall preside over that chamber. In any other event, the chamber shall elect its own president by secret ballot and by a majority of votes of its members. The Member of the Court who, under this paragraph, presides over the chamber at the time of its formation shall continue to preside while still a member of that chamber.\n3. The president of a Chamber shall exercise, in relation to cases being dealt with by that Chamber, all the functions of the President of the Court in relation to cases before the Court.\n4. If the president of a Chamber is prevented from sitting or from acting as president, the functions of the presidency shall be assumed by the member of the Chamber who is the senior in precedence and able to act."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_19", "title": "Article 19", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "The internal judicial practice of the Court shall, subject to the provisions of the Statute and these Rules, be governed by any resolutions on the subject adopted by the Court<sup>3</sup>."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_2", "title": "Article 2", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The term of office of Members of the Court elected at a triennial election shall begin to run from the sixth of February<sup>2</sup> in the year in which the vacancies to which they are elected occur.\n2. The term of office of a Member of the Court elected to replace a Member whose term of office has not expired shall begin to run from the date of the election."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_20", "title": "Article 20", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The quorum specified by Article 25, paragraph 3, of the Statute applies to all meetings of the Court.\n2. The obligation of Members of the Court under Article 23, paragraph 3, of the Statute, to hold themselves permanently at the disposal of the Court, entails attendance at all such meetings, unless they are prevented from attending by illness or for other serious reasons duly explained to the President, who shall inform the Court.\n3. Judges ad hoc are likewise bound to hold themselves at the disposal of the Court and to attend all meetings held in the case in which they are participating. They shall not be taken into account for the calculation of the quorum.\n4. The Court shall fix the dates and duration of the judicial vacations and the periods and conditions of leave to be accorded to individual Members of the Court under Article 23, paragraph 2, of the Statute, having regard in both cases to the state of its General List and to the requirements of its current work.\n5. Subject to the same considerations, the Court shall observe the public holidays customary at the place where the Court is sitting.\n6. In case of urgency the President may convene the Court at any time."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_21", "title": "Article 21", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The deliberations of the Court shall take place in private and remain secret. The Court may however at any time decide in respect of its deliberations on other than judicial matters to publish or allow publication of any part of them.\n2. Only judges, and the assessors, if any, take part in the Court’s judicial deliberations. The Registrar, or the Deputy-Registrar, and other members of the staff of the Registry as may be required shall be present. No other person shall be present except by permission of the Court.\n3. The minutes of the Court’s judicial deliberations shall record only the title or nature of the subjects or matters discussed, and the results of any vote taken. They shall not record any details of the discussions nor the views expressed, provided however that any judge is entitled to require that a statement made by that judge be inserted in the minutes."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_22", "title": "Article 22", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Court shall elect its Registrar by secret ballot. The Registrar shall be elected for a term of seven years. The Registrar may be re-elected.\n2. The Court shall give public notice of a vacancy or impending vacancy, either forthwith upon the vacancy arising, or, where the vacancy will arise on the expiration of the term of office of the Registrar, not less than six months prior thereto. The Court shall fix a date for the closure of the list of candidates so as to enable information concerning the candidates to be received in sufficient time. Interested persons shall be invited to submit their applications by the date so fixed by the Court.\n3. Applications shall indicate the relevant information concerning the candidate, and in particular information as to the candidate’s age, nationality, present occupation, university qualifications, knowledge of languages, and any previous experience in public international law, diplomacy, or the work of international organizations and institutional management.\n4. The candidate obtaining the votes of the majority of the Members of the Court composing it at the time of the election shall be declared elected."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_23", "title": "Article 23", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "The Court shall elect a Deputy-Registrar: the provisions of Article 22 of these Rules shall apply to the Deputy-Registrar’s election and term of office."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_24", "title": "Article 24", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. Before taking office, the Registrar shall make the following declaration at a meeting of the Court:\n“I solemnly declare that I will perform the duties incumbent upon me as Registrar of the International Court of Justice in all loyalty, discretion and good conscience, and that I will faithfully observe all the provisions of the Statute and of the Rules of the Court.”\n2. The Deputy-Registrar shall make a similar declaration at a meeting of the Court before taking office."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_25", "title": "Article 25", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The staff-members of the Registry shall be appointed by the Court on proposals submitted by the Registrar. Appointments to such posts as the Court shall determine may however be made by the Registrar with the approval of the President.\n2. Before taking up their duties, all staff members shall make the following declaration before the President, the Registrar being present:\n“I solemnly declare that I will perform the duties incumbent upon me as an official of the International Court of Justice in all loyalty, discretion and good conscience, and that I will faithfully observe all the provisions of the Statute and of the Rules of the Court.”"} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_26", "title": "Article 26", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Registrar shall:\n(a) be the regular channel of communications to and from the Court, and in particular shall effect all communications, notifications and transmission of documents required by the Statute or by these Rules and ensure that the date of despatch and receipt thereof may be readily verified;\n(b) keep, under the supervision of the President, and in such form as may be laid down by the Court, a General List of all cases, entered and numbered in the order in which the documents instituting proceedings or requesting an advisory opinion are received in the Registry;\n(c) have the custody of the declarations accepting the jurisdiction of the Court made by States not parties to the Statute in accordance with any resolution adopted by the Security Council under Article 35, paragraph 2, of the Statute<sup>4</sup>, and transmit certified copies thereof to all States parties to the Statute, to such other States as shall have deposited declarations, and to the Secretary-General of the United Nations;\n(d) transmit to the parties copies of all pleadings and documents annexed upon receipt thereof in the Registry;\n(e) communicate to the government of the country in which the Court or a Chamber is sitting, and any other governments which may be concerned, the necessary information as to the persons from time to time entitled, under the Statute and relevant agreements, to privileges, immunities, or facilities;\n(f) attend in person, or have the Deputy-Registrar attend, meetings of the Court and of the Chambers, and be responsible for the preparation of minutes of such meetings;\n(g) make arrangements for such provision or verification of translations and interpretations into the Court’s official languages as the Court may require;\n(h) sign all judgments, advisory opinions and orders of the Court, and the minutes referred to in subparagraph (f);\n(i) be responsible for the printing and publication of the Court’s judgments, advisory opinions and orders, the pleadings and statements, and minutes of public sittings in cases, and of such other documents as the Court may direct to be published;\n(j) be responsible for all administrative work and in particular for the accounts and financial administration in accordance with the financial procedures of the United Nations;\n(k) deal with enquiries concerning the Court and its work;\n(l) assist in maintaining relations between the Court and other organs of the United Nations, the specialized agencies, and international bodies and conferences concerned with the codification and progressive development of international law;\n(m) ensure that information concerning the Court and its activities is made accessible to governments, the highest national courts of justice, professional and learned societies, legal faculties and schools of law, and public information media;\n(n) have custody of the seals and stamps of the Court, of the archives of the Court, and of such other archives as may be entrusted to the Court<sup>5</sup>.\n2. The Court may at any time entrust additional functions to the Registrar.\n3. The Registrar shall be responsible to the Court in the discharge of the above-mentioned functions."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_27", "title": "Article 27", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Deputy-Registrar shall assist the Registrar, act as Registrar in the latter’s absence and, in the event of the office becoming vacant, exercise the functions of Registrar until the office has been filled.\n2. If both the Registrar and the Deputy-Registrar are unable to carry out the duties of Registrar, the President shall appoint an official of the Registry to discharge those duties for such time as may be necessary. If both offices are vacant at the same time, the President, after consulting the Members of the Court, shall appoint an official of the Registry to discharge the duties of Registrar pending an election to that office."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_28", "title": "Article 28", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Registry shall comprise the Registrar, the Deputy-Registrar, and such other staff as may be necessary for the efficient discharge of the Registrar’s functions.\n2. The Court shall prescribe the organization of the Registry, and shall for this purpose request the Registrar to make proposals.\n3. Instructions for the Registry shall be drawn up by the Registrar and approved by the Court.\n4. The staff of the Registry shall be subject to Staff Regulations drawn up by the Registrar, so far as possible in conformity with the United Nations Staff Regulations and Staff Rules, and approved by the Court."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_29", "title": "Article 29", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Registrar may be removed from office only if, in the opinion of two thirds of the Members of the Court composing it at the time of the decision to be taken, the incumbent has either become permanently incapacitated from exercising the Registrar’s functions, or has committed a serious breach of duty. Such decision shall be taken by secret ballot.\n2. Before a decision is taken under this Article, the Registrar shall be informed by the President of the action contemplated, in a written statement which shall include the grounds therefor and any relevant evidence. The Registrar shall subsequently, at a private meeting of the Court, be afforded an opportunity of making a statement, of furnishing any information or explanations, and of supplying answers, orally or in writing, to any questions.\n3. The Deputy-Registrar may be removed from office only on the same grounds and by the same procedure."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_3", "title": "Article 3", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Members of the Court, in the exercise of their functions, are of equal status, irrespective of age, priority of election or length of service.\n2. The Members of the Court shall, except as provided in paragraphs 4 and 5 of this Article, take precedence according to the date on which their terms of office respectively began, as provided for by Article 2 of these Rules.\n3. Members of the Court whose terms of office began on the same date shall take precedence in relation to one another according to seniority of age.\n4. If a Member of the Court is re-elected to a new term of office which is continuous with the previous term, that Member’s precedence shall be retained.\n5. The President and the Vice-President of the Court, while holding these offices, shall take precedence before all other Members of the Court.\n6. The Member of the Court who, in accordance with the foregoing paragraphs, takes precedence next after the President and the Vice-President is in these Rules designated the “senior judge”. If that Member is unable to act, the Member of the Court who is next in precedence and able to act is considered as senior judge."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_30", "title": "Article 30", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "All communications to the Court under these Rules shall be addressed to the Registrar unless otherwise stated. Any request made by a party shall likewise be addressed to the Registrar unless made in open court in the course of the oral proceedings."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_31", "title": "Article 31", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "In every case submitted to the Court, the President shall ascertain the views of the parties with regard to questions of procedure. For this purpose, the President shall summon the agents of the parties for a meeting as soon as possible after their appointment, and whenever necessary thereafter."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_32", "title": "Article 32", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The President of the Court, if a national of one of the parties in a case, shall not exercise the functions of the presidency in respect of that case. The same rule applies to the Vice-President, or to the senior judge, when called on to act as President.\n2. The Member of the Court who is presiding in a case on the date on which the Court convenes for the oral proceedings shall continue to preside in that case until completion of the current phase of the case, notwithstanding the election in the meantime of a new President or Vice-President. If that Member of the Court should become unable to act, the presidency for the case shall be determined in accordance with Article 13 of these Rules, and on the basis of the composition of the Court on the date on which it convened for the oral proceedings."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_33", "title": "Article 33", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "Except as provided in Article 17 of these Rules, Members of the Court who have been replaced, in accordance with Article 13, paragraph 3, of the Statute following the expiration of their terms of office, shall discharge the duty imposed upon them by that paragraph by continuing to sit until the completion of any phase of a case in respect of which the Court convenes for the oral proceedings prior to the date of such replacement."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_34", "title": "Article 34", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. In case of any doubt arising as to the application of Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Statute or in case of a disagreement as to the application of Article 24 of the Statute, the President shall inform the Members of the Court, with whom the decision lies.\n2. If a party desires to bring to the attention of the Court facts which it considers to be of possible relevance to the application of the provisions of the Statute mentioned in the previous paragraph, but which it believes may not be known to the Court, that party shall communicate confidentially such facts to the President in writing."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_35", "title": "Article 35", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. If a party proposes to exercise the power conferred by Article 31 of the Statute to choose a judge ad hoc in a case, it shall notify the Court of its intention as soon as possible. If the name and nationality of the judge selected are not indicated at the same time, the party shall, not later than two months before the time-limit fixed for the filing of the Counter-Memorial, inform the Court of the name and nationality of the person chosen and supply brief biographical details. A party may choose a judge ad hoc who is not its national.\n2. If a party proposes to abstain from choosing a judge ad hoc, on condition of a like abstention by the other party, it shall so notify the Court which shall inform the other party. If the other party thereafter gives notice of its intention to choose, or chooses, a judge ad hoc, the time-limit for the party which has previously abstained from choosing a judge may be extended by the President.\n3. A copy of any notification relating to the choice of a judge ad hoc shall be communicated by the Registrar to the other party, which shall be requested to furnish, within a time-limit to be fixed by the President, such observations as it may wish to make. If within the said time-limit no objection is raised by the other party, and if none appears to the Court itself, the parties shall be so informed.\n4. In the event of any objection or doubt, the matter shall be decided by the Court, if necessary after hearing the parties.\n5. A judge ad hoc who has accepted appointment but who becomes unable to sit may be replaced.\n6. If and when the reasons for the participation of a judge ad hoc are found no longer to exist, that judge ad hoc shall cease to sit on the Bench."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_36", "title": "Article 36", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. If the Court finds that two or more parties are in the same interest, and therefore are to be reckoned as one party only, and that there is no Member of the Court of the nationality of any one of those parties upon the Bench, the Court shall fix a time-limit within which they may jointly choose a judge ad hoc.\n2. Should any party amongst those found by the Court to be in the same interest allege the existence of a separate interest of its own, or put forward any other objection, the matter shall be decided by the Court, if necessary after hearing the parties."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_37", "title": "Article 37", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. If a Member of the Court having the nationality of one of the parties is or becomes unable to sit in any phase of a case, that party shall thereupon become entitled to choose a judge ad hoc within a time-limit to be fixed by the Court, or by the President if the Court is not sitting.\n2. Parties in the same interest shall be deemed not to have a judge of one of their nationalities upon the Bench if the Member of the Court having one of their nationalities is or becomes unable to sit in any phase of the case.\n3. If the Member of the Court having the nationality of a party becomes able to sit not later than the closure of the written proceedings in that phase of the case, that Member of the Court shall return to sit on the Bench in the case."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_38", "title": "Article 38", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. When proceedings before the Court are instituted by means of an application addressed as specified in Article 40, paragraph 1, of the Statute, the application shall indicate the party making it, the State against which the claim is brought, and the subject of the dispute.\n2. The application shall specify as far as possible the legal grounds upon which the jurisdiction of the Court is said to be based; it shall also specify the precise nature of the claim, together with a succinct statement of the facts and grounds on which the claim is based.\n3. The original of the application shall be signed either by the agent of the party submitting it, or by the diplomatic representative of that party in the country in which the Court has its seat, or by some other duly authorized person. If the application bears the signature of someone other than such diplomatic representative, the signature must be authenticated by the latter or by the competent authority of the applicant’s foreign ministry.\n4. The Registrar shall forthwith transmit to the respondent a certified copy of the application.\n5. When the applicant State proposes to found the jurisdiction of the Court upon a consent thereto yet to be given or manifested by the State against which such application is made, the application shall be transmitted to that State. It shall not however be entered in the General List, nor any action be taken in the proceedings, unless and until the State against which such application is made consents to the Court’s jurisdiction for the purposes of the case."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_39", "title": "Article 39", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. When proceedings are brought before the Court by the notification of a special agreement, in conformity with Article 40, paragraph 1, of the Statute, the notification may be effected by the parties jointly or by any one or more of them. If the notification is not a joint one, a certified copy of it shall forthwith be communicated by the Registrar to the other party.\n2. In each case the notification shall be accompanied by an original or certified copy of the special agreement. The notification shall also, in so far as this is not already apparent from the agreement, indicate the precise subject of the dispute and identify the parties to it."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_4", "title": "Article 4", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The declaration to be made by every Member of the Court in accordance with Article 20 of the Statute shall be as follows:\n“I solemnly declare that I will perform my duties and exercise my powers as judge honourably, faithfully, impartially and conscientiously.”\n2. This declaration shall be made at the first public sitting at which the Member of the Court is present. Such sitting shall be held as soon as practicable after that Member’s term of office begins and, if necessary, a special sitting shall be held for the purpose.\n3. A Member of the Court who is re-elected shall make a new declaration only if the new term is not continuous with the previous one."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_40", "title": "Article 40", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. Except in the circumstances contemplated by Article 38, paragraph 5, of these Rules, all steps on behalf of the parties after proceedings have been instituted shall be taken by agents. Agents shall have an address for service at the seat of the Court to which all communications concerning the case are to be sent. Communications addressed to the agents of the parties shall be considered as having been addressed to the parties themselves.\n2. When proceedings are instituted by means of an application, the name of the agent for the applicant shall be stated. The respondent, upon receipt of the certified copy of the application, or as soon as possible thereafter, shall inform the Court of the name of its agent.\n3. When proceedings are brought by notification of a special agreement, the party making the notification shall state the name of its agent. Any other party to the special agreement, upon receiving from the Registrar a certified copy of such notification, or as soon as possible thereafter, shall inform the Court of the name of its agent if it has not already done so."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_41", "title": "Article 41", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "The institution of proceedings by a State which is not a party to the Statute but which, under Article 35, paragraph 2, thereof, has accepted the jurisdiction of the Court by a declaration made in accordance with any resolution adopted by the Security Council under that Article<sup>6</sup>, shall be accompanied by a deposit of the declaration in question, unless the latter has previously been deposited with the Registrar. If any question of the validity or effect of such declaration arises, the Court shall decide."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_42", "title": "Article 42", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "The Registrar shall transmit copies of any application or notification of a special agreement instituting proceedings before the Court to: (a) the Secretary-General of the United Nations; (b) the Members of the United Nations; (c) other States entitled to appear before the Court."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_43", "title": "Article 43", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. Whenever the construction of a convention to which States other than those concerned in the case are parties may be in question within the meaning of Article 63, paragraph 1, of the Statute, the Court shall consider what directions shall be given to the Registrar in the matter.\n2. Whenever the construction of a convention to which a public international organization is a party may be in question in a case before the Court, the Court shall consider whether the Registrar shall so notify the public international organization concerned. Every public international organization notified by the Registrar may submit its observations on the particular provisions of the convention the construction of which is in question in the case.\n3. If a public international organization sees fit to furnish its observations under paragraph 2 of this Article, the procedure to be followed shall be that provided for in Article 69, paragraph 2, of these Rules."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_44", "title": "Article 44", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. In the light of the information obtained by the President under Article 31 of these Rules, the Court shall make the necessary orders to determine, inter alia, the number and the order of filing of the pleadings and the time-limits within which they must be filed.\n2. In making an order under paragraph 1 of this Article, any agreement between the parties which does not cause unjustified delay shall be taken into account.\n3. The Court may, at the request of the party concerned, extend any time-limit, or decide that any step taken after the expiration of the time-limit fixed therefor shall be considered as valid, if it is satisfied that there is adequate justification for the request. In either case the other party shall be given an opportunity to state its views.\n4. If the Court is not sitting, its powers under this Article shall be exercised by the President, but without prejudice to any subsequent decision of the Court. If the consultation referred to in Article 31 reveals persistent disagreement between the parties as to the application of Article 45, paragraph 2, or Article 46, paragraph 2, of these Rules, the Court shall be convened to decide the matter."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_45", "title": "Article 45", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The pleadings in a case begun by means of an application shall consist, in the following order, of: a Memorial by the applicant; a Counter-Memorial by the respondent.\n2. The Court may authorize or direct that there shall be a Reply by the applicant and a Rejoinder by the respondent if the parties are so agreed, or if the Court decides, proprio motu or at the request of one of the parties, that these pleadings are necessary."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_46", "title": "Article 46", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. In a case begun by the notification of a special agreement, the number and order of the pleadings shall be governed by the provisions of the agreement, unless the Court, after ascertaining the views of the parties, decides otherwise.\n2. If the special agreement contains no such provision, and if the parties have not subsequently agreed on the number and order of pleadings, they shall each file a Memorial and Counter-Memorial, within the same time-limits. The Court shall not authorize the presentation of Replies unless it finds them to be necessary."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_47", "title": "Article 47", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "The Court may at any time direct that the proceedings in two or more cases be joined. It may also direct that the written or oral proceedings, including the calling of witnesses, be in common; or the Court may, without effecting any formal joinder, direct common action in any of these respects."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_48", "title": "Article 48", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "Time-limits for the completion of steps in the proceedings may be fixed by assigning a specified period but shall always indicate definite dates. Such time-limits shall be as short as the character of the case permits."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_49", "title": "Article 49", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. A Memorial shall contain a statement of the relevant facts, a statement of law, and the submissions.\n2. A Counter-Memorial shall contain: an admission or denial of the facts stated in the Memorial; any additional facts, if necessary; observations concerning the statement of law in the Memorial; a statement of law in answer thereto; and the submissions.\n3. The Reply and Rejoinder, whenever authorized by the Court, shall not merely repeat the parties’ contentions, but shall be directed to bringing out the issues that still divide them.\n4. Every pleading shall set out the party’s submissions at the relevant stage of the case, distinctly from the arguments presented, or shall confirm the submissions previously made."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_5", "title": "Article 5", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. A decision of a Member of the Court to resign shall be communicated to the President, and the resignation shall take effect as provided in Article 13, paragraph 4, of the Statute.\n2. A decision of the President to resign shall be communicated to the Court, and the resignation shall take effect as provided in Article 13, paragraph 4, of the Statute."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_50", "title": "Article 50", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. There shall be annexed to the original of every pleading certified copies of any relevant documents adduced in support of the contentions contained in the pleading.\n2. If only parts of a document are relevant, only such extracts as are necessary for the purpose of the pleading in question need be annexed. A copy of the whole document shall be deposited in the Registry, unless it has been published and is readily available.\n3. A list of all documents annexed to a pleading shall be furnished at the time the pleading is filed."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_51", "title": "Article 51", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. If the parties are agreed that the written proceedings shall be conducted wholly in one of the two official languages of the Court, the pleadings shall be submitted only in that language. If the parties are not so agreed, any pleading or any part of a pleading shall be submitted in one or other of the official languages.\n2. If in pursuance of Article 39, paragraph 3, of the Statute a language other than French or English is used, a translation into French or English certified as accurate by the party submitting it, shall be attached to the original of each pleading.\n3. When a document annexed to a pleading is not in one of the official languages of the Court, it shall be accompanied by a translation into one of these languages certified by the party submitting it as accurate. The translation may be confined to part of an annex, or to extracts therefrom, but in this case it must be accompanied by an explanatory note indicating what passages are translated. The Court may however require a more extensive or a complete translation to be furnished."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_52", "title": "Article 52", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The original of every pleading shall be signed by the agent and filed in the Registry. It shall be accompanied by a certified copy of the pleading, documents annexed, and any translations, for communication to the other party in accordance with Article 43, paragraph 4, of the Statute, and by the number of additional copies required by the Registry, but without prejudice to an increase in that number should the need arise later.\n2. All pleadings shall be dated. When a pleading has to be filed by a certain date, it is the date of the receipt of the pleading in the Registry which will be regarded by the Court as the material date.\n3. The correction of a slip or error in any document which has been filed may be made at any time with the consent of the other party or by leave of the President. Any correction so effected shall be notified to the other party in the same manner as the pleading to which it relates."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_53", "title": "Article 53", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Court, or the President if the Court is not sitting, may at any time decide, after ascertaining the views of the parties, that copies of the pleadings and documents annexed shall be made available to a State entitled to appear before it which has asked to be furnished with such copies.\n2. The Court may, after ascertaining the views of the parties, decide that copies of the pleadings and documents annexed shall be made accessible to the public on or after the opening of the oral proceedings."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_54", "title": "Article 54", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. Upon the closure of the written proceedings, the case is ready for hearing. The date for the opening of the oral proceedings shall be fixed by the Court, which may also decide, if occasion should arise, that the opening or the continuance of the oral proceedings be postponed.\n2. When fixing the date for, or postponing, the opening of the oral proceedings the Court shall have regard to the priority required by Article 74 of these Rules and to any other special circumstances, including the urgency of a particular case.\n3. When the Court is not sitting, its powers under this Article shall be exercised by the President."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_55", "title": "Article 55", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "The Court may, if it considers it desirable, decide pursuant to Article 22, paragraph 1, of the Statute that all or part of the further proceedings in a case shall be held at a place other than the seat of the Court. Before so deciding, it shall ascertain the views of the parties."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_56", "title": "Article 56", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. After the closure of the written proceedings, no further documents may be submitted to the Court by either party except with the consent of the other party or as provided in paragraph 2 of this Article. The party desiring to produce a new document shall file the original or a certified copy thereof, together with the number of copies required by the Registry, which shall be responsible for communicating it to the other party and shall inform the Court. The other party shall be held to have given its consent if it does not lodge an objection to the production of the document.\n2. In the absence of consent, the Court, after hearing the parties, may, if it considers the document necessary, authorize its production.\n3. If a new document is produced under paragraph 1 or paragraph 2 of this Article, the other party shall have an opportunity of commenting upon it and of submitting documents in support of its comments.\n4. No reference may be made during the oral proceedings to the contents of any document which has not been produced in accordance with Article 43 of the Statute or this Article, unless the document is part of a publication readily available.\n5. The application of the provisions of this Article shall not in itself constitute a ground for delaying the opening or the course of the oral proceedings."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_57", "title": "Article 57", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "Without prejudice to the provisions of the Rules concerning the production of documents, each party shall communicate to the Registrar, in sufficient time before the opening of the oral proceedings, information regarding any evidence which it intends to produce or which it intends to request the Court to obtain. This communication shall contain a list of the surnames, first names, nationalities, descriptions and places of residence of the witnesses and experts whom the party intends to call, with indications in general terms of the point or points to which their evidence will be directed. A copy of the communication shall also be furnished for transmission to the other party."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_58", "title": "Article 58", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Court shall determine whether the parties should present their arguments before or after the production of the evidence; the parties shall, however, retain the right to comment on the evidence given.\n2. The order in which the parties will be heard, the method of handling the evidence and of examining any witnesses and experts, and the number of counsel and advocates to be heard on behalf of each party, shall be settled by the Court after the views of the parties have been ascertained in accordance with Article 31 of these Rules."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_59", "title": "Article 59", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The hearing in Court shall be public, unless the Court shall decide otherwise, or unless the parties demand that the public be not admitted. Such a decision or demand may concern either the whole or part of the hearing, and may be made at any time.\n2. The Court may decide, for health, security or other compelling reasons, to hold a hearing entirely or in part by video link. The parties shall be consulted on the organization of such a hearing."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_6", "title": "Article 6", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "In any case in which the application of Article 18 of the Statute is under consideration, the Member of the Court concerned shall be so informed by the President or, if the circumstances so require, by the Vice-President, in a written statement which shall include the grounds therefor and any relevant evidence. The Member concerned shall subsequently, at a private meeting of the Court specially convened for the purpose, be afforded an opportunity of making a statement, of furnishing any information or explanations, and of supplying answers, orally or in writing, to any questions posed. At a further private meeting, at which the Member of the Court concerned shall not be present, the matter shall be discussed; all Members of the Court shall state their opinion, and if requested a vote shall be taken."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_60", "title": "Article 60", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The oral statements made on behalf of each party shall be as succinct as possible within the limits of what is requisite for the adequate presentation of that party’s contentions at the hearing. Accordingly, they shall be directed to the issues that still divide the parties, and shall not go over the whole ground covered by the pleadings, or merely repeat the facts and arguments these contain.\n2. At the conclusion of the last statement made by a party at the hearing, its agent, without recapitulation of the arguments, shall read that party’s final submissions. A copy of the written text of these, signed by the agent, shall be communicated to the Court and transmitted to the other party."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_61", "title": "Article 61", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Court may at any time prior to or during the hearing indicate any points or issues to which it would like the parties specially to address themselves, or on which it considers that there has been sufficient argument.\n2. The Court may, during the hearing, put questions to the agents, counsel and advocates, and may ask them for explanations.\n3. Each judge has a similar right to put questions, but, before exercising it, should make this intention known to the President, who is made responsible by Article 45 of the Statute for the control of the hearing.\n4. The agents, counsel and advocates may answer either immediately or within a time-limit fixed by the President."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_62", "title": "Article 62", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Court may at any time call upon the parties to produce such evidence or to give such explanations as the Court may consider to be necessary for the elucidation of any aspect of the matters in issue, or may itself seek other information for this purpose.\n2. The Court may, if necessary, arrange for the attendance of a witness or expert to give evidence in the proceedings."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_63", "title": "Article 63", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The parties may call any witnesses or experts appearing on the list communicated to the Court pursuant to Article 57 of these Rules. If at any time during the hearing a party wishes to call a witness or expert whose name was not included in that list, it shall so inform the Court and the other party, and shall supply the information required by Article 57. The witness or expert may be called either if the other party makes no objection or if the Court is satisfied that the evidence seems likely to prove relevant.\n2. The Court, or the President if the Court is not sitting, shall, at the request of one of the parties or proprio motu, take the necessary steps for the examination of witnesses otherwise than before the Court itself."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_64", "title": "Article 64", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "Unless on account of special circumstances the Court decides on a different form of words,\n(a) every witness shall make the following declaration before giving any evidence:\n“I solemnly declare upon my honour and conscience that I will speak the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth”;\n(b) every expert shall make the following declaration before making any statement:\n“I solemnly declare upon my honour and conscience that I will speak the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, and that my statement will be in accordance with my sincere belief.”"} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_65", "title": "Article 65", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "Witnesses and experts shall be examined by the agents, counsel or advocates of the parties under the control of the President. Questions may be put to them by the President and by the judges. Before testifying, witnesses shall remain out of court."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_66", "title": "Article 66", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "The Court may at any time decide, either proprio motu or at the request of a party, to exercise its functions with regard to the obtaining of evidence at a place or locality to which the case relates, subject to such conditions as the Court may decide upon after ascertaining the views of the parties. The necessary arrangements shall be made in accordance with Article 44 of the Statute."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_67", "title": "Article 67", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. If the Court considers it necessary to arrange for an enquiry or an expert opinion, it shall, after hearing the parties, issue an order to this effect, defining the subject of the enquiry or expert opinion, stating the number and mode of appointment of the persons to hold the enquiry or of the experts, and laying down the procedure to be followed. Where appropriate, the Court shall require persons appointed to carry out an enquiry, or to give an expert opinion, to make a solemn declaration.\n2. Every report or record of an enquiry and every expert opinion shall be communicated to the parties, which shall be given the opportunity of commenting upon it."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_68", "title": "Article 68", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "Witnesses and experts who appear at the instance of the Court under Article 62, paragraph 2, and persons appointed under Article 67, paragraph 1, of these Rules, to carry out an enquiry or to give an expert opinion, shall, where appropriate, be paid out of the funds of the Court."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_69", "title": "Article 69", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Court may, at any time prior to the closure of the oral proceedings, either proprio motu or at the request of one of the parties communicated as provided in Article 57 of these Rules, request a public international organization, pursuant to Article 34 of the Statute, to furnish information relevant to a case before it. The Court, after consulting the chief administrative officer of the organization concerned, shall decide whether such information shall be presented to it orally or in writing, and the time-limits for its presentation.\n2. When a public international organization sees fit to furnish, on its own initiative, information relevant to a case before the Court, it shall do so in the form of a Memorial to be filed in the Registry before the closure of the written proceedings. The Court shall retain the right to require such information to be supplemented, either orally or in writing, in the form of answers to any questions which it may see fit to formulate, and also to authorize the parties to comment, either orally or in writing, on the information thus furnished.\n3. In the circumstances contemplated by Article 34, paragraph 3, of the Statute, the Registrar, on the instructions of the Court, or of the President if the Court is not sitting, shall proceed as prescribed in that paragraph. The Court, or the President if the Court is not sitting, may, as from the date on which the Registrar has communicated copies of the written proceedings and after consulting the chief administrative officer of the public international organization concerned, fix a time-limit within which the organization may submit to the Court its observations in writing. These observations shall be communicated to the parties and may be discussed by them and by the representative of the said organization during the oral proceedings.\n4. In the foregoing paragraphs, the term “public international organization” denotes an international organization of States."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_7", "title": "Article 7", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. Judges ad hoc, chosen under Article 31 of the Statute for the purposes of particular cases, shall be admitted to sit on the Bench of the Court in the circumstances and according to the procedure indicated in Article 17, paragraph 2, Articles 35, 36, 37, Article 91, paragraph 2, and Article 102, paragraph 3, of these Rules.\n2. They shall participate in the case in which they sit on terms of complete equality with the other judges on the Bench.\n3. Judges ad hoc shall take precedence after the Members of the Court and in order of seniority of age."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_70", "title": "Article 70", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. In the absence of any decision to the contrary by the Court, all speeches and statements made and evidence given at the hearing in one of the official languages of the Court shall be interpreted into the other official language. If they are made or given in any other language, they shall be interpreted into the two official languages of the Court.\n2. Whenever, in accordance with Article 39, paragraph 3, of the Statute, a language other than French or English is used, the necessary arrangements for interpretation into one of the two official languages shall be made by the party concerned; however, the Registrar shall make arrangements for the verification of the interpretation provided by a party of evidence given on the party’s behalf. In the case of witnesses or experts who appear at the instance of the Court, arrangements for interpretation shall be made by the Registry.\n3. A party on behalf of which speeches or statements are to be made, or evidence given, in a language which is not one of the official languages of the Court, shall so notify the Registrar in sufficient time for the necessary arrangements to be made.\n4. Before first interpreting in the case, interpreters provided by a party shall make the following declaration in open court:\n“I solemnly declare upon my honour and conscience that my interpretation will be faithful and complete.”"} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_71", "title": "Article 71", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. A verbatim record shall be made by the Registrar of every hearing, in the official language of the Court which has been used. When the language used is not one of the two official languages of the Court, the verbatim record shall be prepared in one of the Court’s official languages.\n2. When speeches or statements are made in a language which is not one of the official languages of the Court, the party on behalf of which they are made shall supply to the Registry in advance a text thereof in one of the official languages, and this text shall constitute the relevant part of the verbatim record.\n3. The transcript of the verbatim record shall be preceded by the names of the judges present, and those of the agents, counsel and advocates of the parties.\n4. Copies of the transcript shall be circulated to the judges sitting in the case, and to the parties. The latter may, under the supervision of the Court, correct the transcripts of speeches and statements made on their behalf, but in no case may such corrections affect the sense and bearing thereof. The judges may likewise make corrections in the transcript of anything they may have said.\n5. Witnesses and experts shall be shown that part of the transcript which relates to the evidence given, or the statements made by them, and may correct it in like manner as the parties.\n6. One certified true copy of the eventual corrected transcript, signed by the President and the Registrar, shall constitute the authentic minutes of the sitting for the purpose of Article 47 of the Statute. The minutes of public hearings shall be printed and published by the Court."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_72", "title": "Article 72", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "Any written reply by a party to a question put under Article 61, or any evidence or explanation supplied by a party under Article 62 of these Rules, received by the Court after the closure of the oral proceedings, shall be communicated to the other party, which shall be given the opportunity of commenting upon it. If necessary the oral proceedings may be reopened for that purpose."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_73", "title": "Article 73", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. A written request for the indication of provisional measures may be made by a party at any time during the course of the proceedings in the case in connection with which the request is made.\n2. The request shall specify the reasons therefor, the possible consequences if it is not granted, and the measures requested. A certified copy shall forthwith be transmitted by the Registrar to the other party."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_74", "title": "Article 74", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. A request for the indication of provisional measures shall have priority over all other cases.\n2. The Court, if it is not sitting when the request is made, shall be convened forthwith for the purpose of proceeding to a decision on the request as a matter of urgency.\n3. The Court, or the President if the Court is not sitting, shall fix a date for a hearing which will afford the parties an opportunity of being represented at it. The Court shall receive and take into account any observations that may be presented to it before the closure of the oral proceedings.\n4. Pending the meeting of the Court, the President may call upon the parties to act in such a way as will enable any order the Court may make on the request for provisional measures to have its appropriate effects."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_75", "title": "Article 75", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Court may at any time decide to examine proprio motu whether the circumstances of the case require the indication of provisional measures which ought to be taken or complied with by any or all of the parties.\n2. When a request for provisional measures has been made, the Court may indicate measures that are in whole or in part other than those requested, or that ought to be taken or complied with by the party which has itself made the request.\n3. The rejection of a request for the indication of provisional measures shall not prevent the party which made it from making a fresh request in the same case based on new facts."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_76", "title": "Article 76", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. At the request of a party or proprio motu, the Court may, at any time before the final judgment in the case, revoke or modify any decision concerning provisional measures if, in its opinion, some change in the situation justifies such revocation or modification.\n2. Any application by a party proposing such a revocation or modification shall specify the change in the situation considered to be relevant.\n3. Before taking any decision under paragraph 1 of this Article the Court shall afford the parties an opportunity of presenting their observations on the subject."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_77", "title": "Article 77", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "Any measures indicated by the Court under Articles 73 and 75 of these Rules, and any decision taken by the Court under Article 76, paragraph 1, of these Rules, shall forthwith be communicated to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for transmission to the Security Council in pursuance of Article 41, paragraph 2, of the Statute."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_78", "title": "Article 78", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Court may request that the parties shall submit reports to it on measures they have taken to give effect to an Order indicating provisional measures, within a time-limit specified by the Court. The Court may also request information on other matters connected with any provisional measure it has indicated.\n2. Where the Court requests the submission of a report pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article, it shall, after ascertaining the views of the parties, make the report or parts thereof accessible to the public as soon as possible, unless, in case of an objection by a party, it decides otherwise."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_79", "title": "Article 79ter", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. Pleadings with respect to preliminary questions, or objections filed pursuant to Article 79, paragraph 2, or Article 79bis, paragraphs 1 and 3, shall be confined to those matters that are relevant to the preliminary questions or objections.\n2. Unless otherwise decided by the Court, the further proceedings shall be oral.\n3. The Court, whenever necessary, may request the parties to argue all questions of law and fact, and to adduce all evidence, which bear on the preliminary questions or objections.\n4. After hearing the parties, the Court shall decide upon a preliminary question or uphold or reject a preliminary objection. The Court may however declare that, in the circumstances of the case, a question or objection does not possess an exclusively preliminary character.\n5. The Court shall give its decision in the form of a judgment. If the judgment does not dispose of the case, the Court shall fix time-limits for the further proceedings."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_79bis", "title": null, "level": null, "instrument": "rules", "text": ""} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_79ter", "title": null, "level": null, "instrument": "rules", "text": ""} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_8", "title": "Article 8", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The solemn declaration to be made by every judge ad hoc in accordance with Articles 20 and 31, paragraph 6, of the Statute shall be as set out in Article 4, paragraph 1, of these Rules.\n2. This declaration shall be made at a public sitting in the case in which the judge ad hoc is participating. If the case is being dealt with by a chamber of the Court, the declaration shall be made in the same manner in that chamber.\n3. Judges ad hoc shall make the declaration in relation to any case in which they are participating, even if they have already done so in a previous case, but shall not make a new declaration for a later phase of the same case."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_80", "title": "Article 80", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Court may entertain a counter-claim only if it comes within the jurisdiction of the Court and is directly connected with the subject-matter of the claim of the other party.\n2. A counter-claim shall be made in the Counter-Memorial and shall appear as part of the submissions contained therein. The right of the other party to present its views in writing on the counter-claim, in an additional pleading, shall be preserved, irrespective of any decision of the Court, in accordance with Article 45, paragraph 2, of these Rules, concerning the filing of further written pleadings.\n3. Where an objection is raised concerning the application of paragraph 1 or whenever the Court deems necessary, the Court shall take its decision thereon after hearing the parties."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_81", "title": "Article 81", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1.An application for permission to intervene under the terms of Article 62 of the Statute, signed in the manner provided for in Article 38, paragraph 3, of these Rules, shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the Counter Memorial.\n2. If the Court has authorized further written pleadings either under Article 45, paragraph 2, or under Article 46, paragraph 2, or if a counter claim has been made in accordance with Article 80, paragraph 2, of these Rules, an application for permission to intervene shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the last written pleading.\n3. If and to the extent that an application for permission to intervene concerns preliminary objections, it shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the written statement of observations and submissions on the preliminary objections.\n4. In exceptional circumstances, an application submitted later may however be admitted.\n5. The application shall state the name of an agent. It shall specify the case to which it relates, and shall set out:\n(a) the interest of a legal nature which the State applying to intervene considers may be affected by the decision in that case;\n(b)the precise object of the intervention;\n(c)any basis of jurisdiction which is claimed to exist as between the State applying to intervene and the parties to the case.\n6. The application shall contain a list of the documents in support, which documents shall be attached."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_82", "title": "Article 82", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. A State which desires to avail itself of the right of intervention conferred upon it by Article 63 of the Statute shall file a declaration to that effect, signed in the manner provided for in Article 38, paragraph 3, of these Rules. Such a declaration shall be filed as soon as possible, and no later than the date fixed for the filing of the Counter Memorial.\n2. If the Court has authorized further written pleadings either under Article 45, paragraph 2, or under Article 46, paragraph 2, or if a counter claim has been made in accordance with Article 80, paragraph 2, of these Rules, a declaration of intervention shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the last written pleading.\n3. If and to the extent that a declaration of intervention concerns preliminary objections, it shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the written statement of observations and submissions on the preliminary objections.\n4. In exceptional circumstances a declaration submitted later may however be admitted.\n5. The declaration shall state the name of an agent. It shall specify the case and the convention to which it relates and shall contain:\n(a)particulars of the basis on which the declarant State considers itself a party to the convention;\n(b)identification of the particular provisions of the convention the construction of which it considers to be in question;\n(c)a statement of the construction of those provisions for which it contends;\n(d)a list of the documents in support, which documents shall be attached.\n6. Such a declaration may be filed by a State that considers itself a party to the convention, the construction of which is in question but has not received the notification referred to in Article 63 of the Statute."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_83", "title": "Article 83", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. Certified copies of the application for permission to intervene under Article 62 of the Statute, or of the declaration of intervention under Article 63 of the Statute, shall be communicated forthwith to the parties to the case, which shall be invited to furnish their written observations within a time-limit to be fixed by the Court or by the President if the Court is not sitting.\n2. The Registrar shall also transmit copies to: (a) the Secretary-General of the United Nations; (b) the Members of the United Nations; (c) other States entitled to appear before the Court; (d) any other States which have been notified under Article 63 of the Statute."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_84", "title": "Article 84", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Court shall decide whether an application for permission to intervene under Article 62 of the Statute should be granted, and whether an intervention under Article 63 of the Statute is admissible, as a matter of priority unless in view of the circumstances of the case the Court shall otherwise determine.\n2. If, within the time-limit fixed under Article 83 of these Rules, an objection is filed to an application for permission to intervene, or to the admissibility of a declaration of intervention, the Court shall hear the State seeking to intervene and the parties before deciding."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_85", "title": "Article 85", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. If an application for permission to intervene under Article 62 of the Statute is granted, the intervening State shall be supplied with copies of the pleadings and documents annexed and shall be entitled to submit a written statement within a time-limit to be fixed by the Court. A further time-limit shall be fixed within which the parties may, if they so desire, furnish their written observations on that statement prior to the oral proceedings. If the Court is not sitting, these time-limits shall be fixed by the President.\n2. The time-limits fixed according to the preceding paragraph shall, so far as possible, coincide with those already fixed for the pleadings in the case.\n3. The intervening State shall be entitled, in the course of the oral proceedings, to submit its observations with respect to the subject-matter of the intervention."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_86", "title": "Article 86", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. If an intervention under Article 63 of the Statute is admitted, the intervening State shall be furnished with copies of the pleadings and documents annexed, and shall be entitled, within a time-limit to be fixed by the Court, or by the President if the Court is not sitting, to submit its written observations on the subject-matter of the intervention.\n2. These observations shall be communicated to the parties and to any other State admitted to intervene. The intervening State may also submit its observations with respect to the subject-matter of the intervention in the course of the oral proceedings, unless the Court decides otherwise."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_87", "title": "Article 87", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. When in accordance with a treaty or convention in force a contentious case is brought before the Court concerning a matter which has been the subject of proceedings before some other international body, the provisions of the Statute and of the Rules governing contentious cases shall apply.\n2. The application instituting proceedings shall identify the decision or other act of the international body concerned and a copy thereof shall be annexed; it shall contain a precise statement of the questions raised in regard to that decision or act, which constitute the subject of the dispute referred to the Court."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_88", "title": "Article 88", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. If at any time before the final judgment on the merits has been delivered the parties, either jointly or separately, notify the Court in writing that they have agreed to discontinue the proceedings, the Court shall make an order recording the discontinuance and directing that the case be removed from the list.\n2. If the parties have agreed to discontinue the proceedings in consequence of having reached a settlement of the dispute and if they so desire, the Court may record this fact in the order for the removal of the case from the list, or indicate in, or annex to, the order, the terms of the settlement.\n3. If the Court is not sitting, any order under this Article may be made by the President."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_89", "title": "Article 89", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. If in the course of proceedings instituted by means of an application, the applicant informs the Court in writing that it is not going on with the proceedings, and if, at the date on which this communication is received by the Registry, the respondent has not yet taken any step in the proceedings, the Court shall make an order officially recording the discontinuance of the proceedings and directing the removal of the case from the list. A copy of this order shall be sent by the Registrar to the respondent.\n2. If, at the time when the notice of discontinuance is received, the respondent has already taken some step in the proceedings, the Court shall fix a time-limit within which the respondent may state whether it opposes the discontinuance of the proceedings. If no objection is made to the discontinuance before the expiration of the time-limit, acquiescence will be presumed and the Court shall make an order officially recording the discontinuance of the proceedings and directing the removal of the case from the list. If objection is made, the proceedings shall continue.\n3. If the Court is not sitting, its powers under this Article may be exercised by the President."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_9", "title": "Article 9", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Court may, either proprio motu or upon a request made not later than the closure of the written proceedings, decide, for the purpose of a contentious case or request for advisory opinion, to appoint assessors to sit with it without the right to vote.\n2. When the Court so decides, the President shall take steps to obtain all the information relevant to the choice of the assessors.\n3. The assessors shall be appointed by secret ballot and by a majority of the votes of the judges composing the Court for the case.\n4. The same powers shall belong to the chambers provided for by Articles 26 and 29 of the Statute and to the presidents thereof, and may be exercised in the same manner.\n5. Before entering upon their duties, assessors shall make the following declaration at a public sitting:\n“I solemnly declare that I will perform my duties as an assessor honourably, impartially and conscientiously, and that I will faithfully observe all the provisions of the Statute and of the Rules of the Court.”"} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_90", "title": "Article 90", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "Proceedings before the Chambers mentioned in Articles 26 and 29 of the Statute shall, subject to the provisions of the Statute and of these Rules relating specifically to the Chambers, be governed by the provisions of Parts I to III of these Rules applicable in contentious cases before the Court."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_91", "title": "Article 91", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. When it is desired that a case should be dealt with by one of the Chambers which has been formed in pursuance of Article 26, paragraph 1, or Article 29 of the Statute, a request to this effect shall either be made in the document instituting the proceedings or accompany it. Effect will be given to the request if the parties are in agreement.\n2. Upon receipt by the Registry of this request, the President of the Court shall communicate it to the members of the chamber concerned and shall take such steps as may be necessary to give effect to the provisions of Article 31, paragraph 4, of the Statute.\n3. The President of the Court shall convene the Chamber at the earliest date compatible with the requirements of the procedure."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_92", "title": "Article 92", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. Written proceedings in a case before a Chamber shall consist of a single pleading by each side. In proceedings begun by means of an application, the pleadings shall be delivered within successive time-limits. In proceedings begun by the notification of a special agreement, the pleadings shall be delivered within the same time-limits, unless the parties have agreed on successive delivery of their pleadings. The time-limits referred to in this paragraph shall be fixed by the Court, or by the President if the Court is not sitting, in consultation with the Chamber concerned if it is already constituted.\n2. The Chamber may authorize or direct that further pleadings be filed if the parties are so agreed, or if the Chamber decides, proprio motu or at the request of one of the parties, that such pleadings are necessary.\n3. Oral proceedings shall take place unless the parties agree to dispense with them, and the Chamber consents. Even when no oral proceedings take place, the Chamber may call upon the parties to supply information or furnish explanations orally."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_93", "title": "Article 93", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "Judgments given by a Chamber shall be read at a public sitting of that Chamber."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_94", "title": "Article 94", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. When the Court has completed its deliberations and adopted its judgment, the parties shall be notified of the date on which it will be read.\n2. The judgment shall be read at a public sitting of the Court. The Court may decide, for health, security or other compelling reasons, that the judgment shall be read at a sitting of the Court accessible to the parties and the public by video link. The judgment shall become binding on the parties on the day of the reading."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_95", "title": "Article 95", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The judgment, which shall state whether it is given by the Court or by a Chamber, shall contain:\nthe date on which it is read;\nthe names of the judges participating in it;\nthe names of the parties;\nthe names of the agents, counsel and advocates of the parties;\na summary of the proceedings;\nthe submissions of the parties;\na statement of the facts;\nthe reasons in point of law;\nthe operative provisions of the judgment;\nthe decision, if any, in regard to costs;\nthe number and names of the judges constituting the majority;\na statement as to the text of the judgment which is authoritative.\n2. Any judge who so desires may attach an individual opinion to the judgment, whether dissenting from the majority or not; a judge who wishes to record concurrence or dissent without stating reasons may do so in the form of a declaration. The same shall also apply to orders made by the Court.\n3. One copy of the judgment duly signed and sealed, shall be placed in the archives of the Court and another shall be transmitted to each of the parties. Copies shall be sent by the Registrar to: (a) the Secretary-General of the United Nations; (b) the Members of the United Nations; (c) other Sates entitled to appear before the Court."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_96", "title": "Article 96", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "When by reason of an agreement reached between the parties, the written and oral proceedings have been conducted in one of the Court’s two official languages, and pursuant to Article 39, paragraph 1, of the Statute the judgment is to be delivered in that language, the text of the judgment in that language shall be the authoritative text."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_97", "title": "Article 97", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "If the Court, under Article 64 of the Statute, decides that all or part of a party’s costs shall be paid by the other party, it may make an order for the purpose of giving effect to that decision."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_98", "title": "Article 98", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. In the event of dispute as to the meaning or scope of a judgment any party may make a request for its interpretation, whether the original proceedings were begun by an application or by the notification of a special agreement.\n2. A request for the interpretation of a judgment may be made either by an application or by the notification of a special agreement to that effect between the parties; the precise point or points in dispute as to the meaning or scope of the judgment shall be indicated.\n3. If the request for interpretation is made by an application, the requesting party’s contentions shall be set out therein, and the other party shall be entitled to file written observations thereon within a time-limit fixed by the Court, or by the President if the Court is not sitting.\n4. Whether the request is made by an application or by notification of a special agreement, the Court may, if necessary, afford the parties the opportunity of furnishing further written or oral explanations."} | |
| {"key": "rules:article_99", "title": "Article 99", "level": "article", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. A request for the revision of a judgment shall be made by an application containing the particulars necessary to show that the conditions specified in Article 61 of the Statute are fulfilled. Any documents in support of the application shall be annexed to it.\n2. The other party shall be entitled to file written observations on the admissibility of the application within a time-limit fixed by the Court, or by the President if the Court is not sitting. These observations shall be communicated to the party making the application.\n3. The Court, before giving its judgment on the admissibility of the application may afford the parties a further opportunity of presenting their views thereon.\n4. If the Court finds that the application is admissible it shall fix time-limits for such further proceedings on the merits of the application as, after ascertaining the views of the parties, it considers necessary.\n5. If the Court decides to make the admission of the proceedings in revision conditional on previous compliance with the judgment, it shall make an order accordingly."} | |
| {"key": "rules:chapter_3", "title": null, "level": null, "instrument": "rules", "text": ""} | |
| {"key": "rules:chapter_4", "title": null, "level": null, "instrument": "rules", "text": ""} | |
| {"key": "rules:part_1", "title": "Part I\nTHE COURT", "level": "part", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Members of the Court are the judges elected in accordance with Articles 2 to 15 of the Statute.\n2. For the purposes of a particular case, the Court may also include upon the Bench one or more persons chosen under Article 31 of the Statute to sit as judges ad hoc.\n3. In the following Rules, the term “Member of the Court” denotes any elected judge; the term “judge” denotes any Member of the Court, and any judge ad hoc.\n1. The term of office of Members of the Court elected at a triennial election shall begin to run from the sixth of February<sup>2</sup> in the year in which the vacancies to which they are elected occur.\n2. The term of office of a Member of the Court elected to replace a Member whose term of office has not expired shall begin to run from the date of the election.\n1. The Members of the Court, in the exercise of their functions, are of equal status, irrespective of age, priority of election or length of service.\n2. The Members of the Court shall, except as provided in paragraphs 4 and 5 of this Article, take precedence according to the date on which their terms of office respectively began, as provided for by Article 2 of these Rules.\n3. Members of the Court whose terms of office began on the same date shall take precedence in relation to one another according to seniority of age.\n4. If a Member of the Court is re-elected to a new term of office which is continuous with the previous term, that Member’s precedence shall be retained.\n5. The President and the Vice-President of the Court, while holding these offices, shall take precedence before all other Members of the Court.\n6. The Member of the Court who, in accordance with the foregoing paragraphs, takes precedence next after the President and the Vice-President is in these Rules designated the “senior judge”. If that Member is unable to act, the Member of the Court who is next in precedence and able to act is considered as senior judge.\n1. The declaration to be made by every Member of the Court in accordance with Article 20 of the Statute shall be as follows:\n“I solemnly declare that I will perform my duties and exercise my powers as judge honourably, faithfully, impartially and conscientiously.”\n2. This declaration shall be made at the first public sitting at which the Member of the Court is present. Such sitting shall be held as soon as practicable after that Member’s term of office begins and, if necessary, a special sitting shall be held for the purpose.\n3. A Member of the Court who is re-elected shall make a new declaration only if the new term is not continuous with the previous one.\n1. A decision of a Member of the Court to resign shall be communicated to the President, and the resignation shall take effect as provided in Article 13, paragraph 4, of the Statute.\n2. A decision of the President to resign shall be communicated to the Court, and the resignation shall take effect as provided in Article 13, paragraph 4, of the Statute.\nIn any case in which the application of Article 18 of the Statute is under consideration, the Member of the Court concerned shall be so informed by the President or, if the circumstances so require, by the Vice-President, in a written statement which shall include the grounds therefor and any relevant evidence. The Member concerned shall subsequently, at a private meeting of the Court specially convened for the purpose, be afforded an opportunity of making a statement, of furnishing any information or explanations, and of supplying answers, orally or in writing, to any questions posed. At a further private meeting, at which the Member of the Court concerned shall not be present, the matter shall be discussed; all Members of the Court shall state their opinion, and if requested a vote shall be taken.\n1. Judges ad hoc, chosen under Article 31 of the Statute for the purposes of particular cases, shall be admitted to sit on the Bench of the Court in the circumstances and according to the procedure indicated in Article 17, paragraph 2, Articles 35, 36, 37, Article 91, paragraph 2, and Article 102, paragraph 3, of these Rules.\n2. They shall participate in the case in which they sit on terms of complete equality with the other judges on the Bench.\n3. Judges ad hoc shall take precedence after the Members of the Court and in order of seniority of age.\n1. The solemn declaration to be made by every judge ad hoc in accordance with Articles 20 and 31, paragraph 6, of the Statute shall be as set out in Article 4, paragraph 1, of these Rules.\n2. This declaration shall be made at a public sitting in the case in which the judge ad hoc is participating. If the case is being dealt with by a chamber of the Court, the declaration shall be made in the same manner in that chamber.\n3. Judges ad hoc shall make the declaration in relation to any case in which they are participating, even if they have already done so in a previous case, but shall not make a new declaration for a later phase of the same case.\n1. The Court may, either proprio motu or upon a request made not later than the closure of the written proceedings, decide, for the purpose of a contentious case or request for advisory opinion, to appoint assessors to sit with it without the right to vote.\n2. When the Court so decides, the President shall take steps to obtain all the information relevant to the choice of the assessors.\n3. The assessors shall be appointed by secret ballot and by a majority of the votes of the judges composing the Court for the case.\n4. The same powers shall belong to the chambers provided for by Articles 26 and 29 of the Statute and to the presidents thereof, and may be exercised in the same manner.\n5. Before entering upon their duties, assessors shall make the following declaration at a public sitting:\n“I solemnly declare that I will perform my duties as an assessor honourably, impartially and conscientiously, and that I will faithfully observe all the provisions of the Statute and of the Rules of the Court.”\n1. The term of office of the President and that of the Vice-President shall begin to run from the date on which the terms of office of the Members of the Court elected at a triennial election begin in accordance with Article 2 of these Rules.\n2. The elections to the presidency and vice-presidency shall be held on that date or shortly thereafter. The former President, if still a Member of the Court, shall continue to exercise the functions of the presidency until the election to the presidency has taken place.\n1. If still a Member of the Court on the date of the election to the presidency, the former President shall conduct the election. If the former President has ceased to be a Member of the Court, or is unable to act, the election shall be conducted by the Member of the Court exercising the functions of the presidency by virtue of Article 13, paragraph 1, of these Rules.\n2. The election shall take place by secret ballot, after the presiding Member of the Court has declared the number of affirmative votes necessary for election; there shall be no nominations. The Member of the Court obtaining the votes of a majority of the Members composing it at the time of the election shall be declared elected, and shall enter forthwith upon the functions of the presidency.\n3. The new President shall conduct the election of the Vice-President either at the same or at the following meeting. The provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article shall apply equally to this election.\nThe President shall preside at all meetings of the Court, direct the work and supervise the administration of the Court.\n1. In the event of a vacancy in the presidency or of the inability of the President to exercise the functions of the presidency, these shall be exercised by the Vice-President, or failing that, by the senior judge.\n2. When precluded by a provision of the Statute or of these Rules either from sitting or from presiding in a particular case, the President shall continue to exercise the functions of the presidency for all purposes save in respect of that case.\n3. The President shall take the measures necessary in order to ensure the continuous exercise of the functions of the presidency at the seat of the Court. If absent, the President may, so far as is compatible with the Statute and these Rules, arrange for these functions to be exercised by the Vice-President, or failing that, by the senior judge.\n4. A decision of the President to resign the presidency shall be communicated in writing to the Court through the Vice-President, or failing that, the senior judge. A decision of the Vice-President to resign the vice-presidency shall be communicated to the President.\nIf a vacancy in the presidency or the vice-presidency occurs before the date when the current term is due to expire under Article 21, paragraph 1, of the Statute and Article 10, paragraph 1, of these Rules, the Court shall decide whether or not the vacancy shall be filled during the remainder of the term.\n1. The Chamber of Summary Procedure to be formed annually under Article 29 of the Statute shall be composed of five Members of the Court, comprising the President and Vice-President of the Court, acting ex officio, and three other members elected in accordance with Article 18, paragraph 1, of these Rules. In addition, two Members of the Court shall be elected annually to act as substitutes.\n2. The election referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be held as soon as possible after the sixth of February in each year. The members of the Chamber shall enter upon their functions on election and continue to serve until the next election; they may be re-elected.\n3. A member of the Chamber who is unable, for whatever reason, to sit in a given case shall be replaced for the purposes of that case by the senior in precedence of the two substitutes.\n4. If a member of the Chamber resigns or otherwise ceases to be a member, that member’s place shall be taken by the senior in precedence of the two substitutes, who shall thereupon become a full member of the Chamber and be replaced by the election of another substitute. Should vacancies exceed the number of available substitutes, elections shall be held as soon as possible in respect of the vacancies still existing after the substitutes have assumed full membership and in respect of the vacancies in the substitutes.\n1. When the Court decides to form one or more of the Chambers provided for in Article 26, paragraph 1, of the Statute, it shall determine the particular category of cases for which each Chamber is formed, the number of its members, the period for which they will serve, and the date at which they will enter upon their duties.\n2. The members of the Chamber shall be elected in accordance with Article 18, paragraph 1, of these Rules from among the Members of the Court, having regard to any special knowledge, expertise or previous experience which any of the Members of the Court may have in relation to the category of case the Chamber is being formed to deal with.\n3. The Court may decide upon the dissolution of a Chamber, but without prejudice to the duty of the Chamber concerned to finish any cases pending before it.\n1. A request for the formation of a Chamber to deal with a particular case, as provided for in Article 26, paragraph 2, of the Statute, may be filed at any time until the closure of the written proceedings. Upon receipt of a request made by one party, the President shall ascertain whether the other party assents.\n2. When the parties have agreed, the President shall ascertain their views regarding the composition of the chamber, and shall report to the Court accordingly. The President shall also take such steps as may be necessary to give effect to the provisions of Article 31, paragraph 4, of the Statute.\n3. When the Court has determined, with the approval of the parties, the number of its Members who are to constitute the Chamber, it shall proceed to their election, in accordance with the provisions of Article 18, paragraph 1, of these Rules. The same procedure shall be followed as regards the filling of any vacancy that may occur on the Chamber.\n4. Members of a Chamber formed under this Article who have been replaced, in accordance with Article 13 of the Statute following the expiration of their terms of office, shall continue to sit in all phases of the case, whatever the stage it has then reached.\n1. Elections to all Chambers shall take place by secret ballot. The Members of the Court obtaining the largest number of votes constituting a majority of the Members of the Court composing it at the time of the election shall be declared elected. If necessary to fill vacancies, more than one ballot shall take place, such ballot being limited to the number of vacancies that remain to be filled.\n2. If a chamber when formed includes the President or Vice-President of the Court, or both of them, the President or Vice-President, as the case may be, shall preside over that chamber. In any other event, the chamber shall elect its own president by secret ballot and by a majority of votes of its members. The Member of the Court who, under this paragraph, presides over the chamber at the time of its formation shall continue to preside while still a member of that chamber.\n3. The president of a Chamber shall exercise, in relation to cases being dealt with by that Chamber, all the functions of the President of the Court in relation to cases before the Court.\n4. If the president of a Chamber is prevented from sitting or from acting as president, the functions of the presidency shall be assumed by the member of the Chamber who is the senior in precedence and able to act.\nThe internal judicial practice of the Court shall, subject to the provisions of the Statute and these Rules, be governed by any resolutions on the subject adopted by the Court<sup>3</sup>.\n1. The quorum specified by Article 25, paragraph 3, of the Statute applies to all meetings of the Court.\n2. The obligation of Members of the Court under Article 23, paragraph 3, of the Statute, to hold themselves permanently at the disposal of the Court, entails attendance at all such meetings, unless they are prevented from attending by illness or for other serious reasons duly explained to the President, who shall inform the Court.\n3. Judges ad hoc are likewise bound to hold themselves at the disposal of the Court and to attend all meetings held in the case in which they are participating. They shall not be taken into account for the calculation of the quorum.\n4. The Court shall fix the dates and duration of the judicial vacations and the periods and conditions of leave to be accorded to individual Members of the Court under Article 23, paragraph 2, of the Statute, having regard in both cases to the state of its General List and to the requirements of its current work.\n5. Subject to the same considerations, the Court shall observe the public holidays customary at the place where the Court is sitting.\n6. In case of urgency the President may convene the Court at any time.\n1. The deliberations of the Court shall take place in private and remain secret. The Court may however at any time decide in respect of its deliberations on other than judicial matters to publish or allow publication of any part of them.\n2. Only judges, and the assessors, if any, take part in the Court’s judicial deliberations. The Registrar, or the Deputy-Registrar, and other members of the staff of the Registry as may be required shall be present. No other person shall be present except by permission of the Court.\n3. The minutes of the Court’s judicial deliberations shall record only the title or nature of the subjects or matters discussed, and the results of any vote taken. They shall not record any details of the discussions nor the views expressed, provided however that any judge is entitled to require that a statement made by that judge be inserted in the minutes."} | |
| {"key": "rules:part_2", "title": "Part II\nTHE REGISTRY", "level": "part", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Court shall elect its Registrar by secret ballot. The Registrar shall be elected for a term of seven years. The Registrar may be re-elected.\n2. The Court shall give public notice of a vacancy or impending vacancy, either forthwith upon the vacancy arising, or, where the vacancy will arise on the expiration of the term of office of the Registrar, not less than six months prior thereto. The Court shall fix a date for the closure of the list of candidates so as to enable information concerning the candidates to be received in sufficient time. Interested persons shall be invited to submit their applications by the date so fixed by the Court.\n3. Applications shall indicate the relevant information concerning the candidate, and in particular information as to the candidate’s age, nationality, present occupation, university qualifications, knowledge of languages, and any previous experience in public international law, diplomacy, or the work of international organizations and institutional management.\n4. The candidate obtaining the votes of the majority of the Members of the Court composing it at the time of the election shall be declared elected.\nThe Court shall elect a Deputy-Registrar: the provisions of Article 22 of these Rules shall apply to the Deputy-Registrar’s election and term of office.\n1. Before taking office, the Registrar shall make the following declaration at a meeting of the Court:\n“I solemnly declare that I will perform the duties incumbent upon me as Registrar of the International Court of Justice in all loyalty, discretion and good conscience, and that I will faithfully observe all the provisions of the Statute and of the Rules of the Court.”\n2. The Deputy-Registrar shall make a similar declaration at a meeting of the Court before taking office.\n1. The staff-members of the Registry shall be appointed by the Court on proposals submitted by the Registrar. Appointments to such posts as the Court shall determine may however be made by the Registrar with the approval of the President.\n2. Before taking up their duties, all staff members shall make the following declaration before the President, the Registrar being present:\n“I solemnly declare that I will perform the duties incumbent upon me as an official of the International Court of Justice in all loyalty, discretion and good conscience, and that I will faithfully observe all the provisions of the Statute and of the Rules of the Court.”\n1. The Registrar shall:\n(a) be the regular channel of communications to and from the Court, and in particular shall effect all communications, notifications and transmission of documents required by the Statute or by these Rules and ensure that the date of despatch and receipt thereof may be readily verified;\n(b) keep, under the supervision of the President, and in such form as may be laid down by the Court, a General List of all cases, entered and numbered in the order in which the documents instituting proceedings or requesting an advisory opinion are received in the Registry;\n(c) have the custody of the declarations accepting the jurisdiction of the Court made by States not parties to the Statute in accordance with any resolution adopted by the Security Council under Article 35, paragraph 2, of the Statute<sup>4</sup>, and transmit certified copies thereof to all States parties to the Statute, to such other States as shall have deposited declarations, and to the Secretary-General of the United Nations;\n(d) transmit to the parties copies of all pleadings and documents annexed upon receipt thereof in the Registry;\n(e) communicate to the government of the country in which the Court or a Chamber is sitting, and any other governments which may be concerned, the necessary information as to the persons from time to time entitled, under the Statute and relevant agreements, to privileges, immunities, or facilities;\n(f) attend in person, or have the Deputy-Registrar attend, meetings of the Court and of the Chambers, and be responsible for the preparation of minutes of such meetings;\n(g) make arrangements for such provision or verification of translations and interpretations into the Court’s official languages as the Court may require;\n(h) sign all judgments, advisory opinions and orders of the Court, and the minutes referred to in subparagraph (f);\n(i) be responsible for the printing and publication of the Court’s judgments, advisory opinions and orders, the pleadings and statements, and minutes of public sittings in cases, and of such other documents as the Court may direct to be published;\n(j) be responsible for all administrative work and in particular for the accounts and financial administration in accordance with the financial procedures of the United Nations;\n(k) deal with enquiries concerning the Court and its work;\n(l) assist in maintaining relations between the Court and other organs of the United Nations, the specialized agencies, and international bodies and conferences concerned with the codification and progressive development of international law;\n(m) ensure that information concerning the Court and its activities is made accessible to governments, the highest national courts of justice, professional and learned societies, legal faculties and schools of law, and public information media;\n(n) have custody of the seals and stamps of the Court, of the archives of the Court, and of such other archives as may be entrusted to the Court<sup>5</sup>.\n2. The Court may at any time entrust additional functions to the Registrar.\n3. The Registrar shall be responsible to the Court in the discharge of the above-mentioned functions.\n1. The Deputy-Registrar shall assist the Registrar, act as Registrar in the latter’s absence and, in the event of the office becoming vacant, exercise the functions of Registrar until the office has been filled.\n2. If both the Registrar and the Deputy-Registrar are unable to carry out the duties of Registrar, the President shall appoint an official of the Registry to discharge those duties for such time as may be necessary. If both offices are vacant at the same time, the President, after consulting the Members of the Court, shall appoint an official of the Registry to discharge the duties of Registrar pending an election to that office.\n1. The Registry shall comprise the Registrar, the Deputy-Registrar, and such other staff as may be necessary for the efficient discharge of the Registrar’s functions.\n2. The Court shall prescribe the organization of the Registry, and shall for this purpose request the Registrar to make proposals.\n3. Instructions for the Registry shall be drawn up by the Registrar and approved by the Court.\n4. The staff of the Registry shall be subject to Staff Regulations drawn up by the Registrar, so far as possible in conformity with the United Nations Staff Regulations and Staff Rules, and approved by the Court.\n1. The Registrar may be removed from office only if, in the opinion of two thirds of the Members of the Court composing it at the time of the decision to be taken, the incumbent has either become permanently incapacitated from exercising the Registrar’s functions, or has committed a serious breach of duty. Such decision shall be taken by secret ballot.\n2. Before a decision is taken under this Article, the Registrar shall be informed by the President of the action contemplated, in a written statement which shall include the grounds therefor and any relevant evidence. The Registrar shall subsequently, at a private meeting of the Court, be afforded an opportunity of making a statement, of furnishing any information or explanations, and of supplying answers, orally or in writing, to any questions.\n3. The Deputy-Registrar may be removed from office only on the same grounds and by the same procedure."} | |
| {"key": "rules:part_3", "title": "Part III\nPROCEEDINGS IN CONTENTIOUS CASES", "level": "part", "instrument": "rules", "text": "All communications to the Court under these Rules shall be addressed to the Registrar unless otherwise stated. Any request made by a party shall likewise be addressed to the Registrar unless made in open court in the course of the oral proceedings.\nIn every case submitted to the Court, the President shall ascertain the views of the parties with regard to questions of procedure. For this purpose, the President shall summon the agents of the parties for a meeting as soon as possible after their appointment, and whenever necessary thereafter.\n1. The President of the Court, if a national of one of the parties in a case, shall not exercise the functions of the presidency in respect of that case. The same rule applies to the Vice-President, or to the senior judge, when called on to act as President.\n2. The Member of the Court who is presiding in a case on the date on which the Court convenes for the oral proceedings shall continue to preside in that case until completion of the current phase of the case, notwithstanding the election in the meantime of a new President or Vice-President. If that Member of the Court should become unable to act, the presidency for the case shall be determined in accordance with Article 13 of these Rules, and on the basis of the composition of the Court on the date on which it convened for the oral proceedings.\nExcept as provided in Article 17 of these Rules, Members of the Court who have been replaced, in accordance with Article 13, paragraph 3, of the Statute following the expiration of their terms of office, shall discharge the duty imposed upon them by that paragraph by continuing to sit until the completion of any phase of a case in respect of which the Court convenes for the oral proceedings prior to the date of such replacement.\n1. In case of any doubt arising as to the application of Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Statute or in case of a disagreement as to the application of Article 24 of the Statute, the President shall inform the Members of the Court, with whom the decision lies.\n2. If a party desires to bring to the attention of the Court facts which it considers to be of possible relevance to the application of the provisions of the Statute mentioned in the previous paragraph, but which it believes may not be known to the Court, that party shall communicate confidentially such facts to the President in writing.\n1. If a party proposes to exercise the power conferred by Article 31 of the Statute to choose a judge ad hoc in a case, it shall notify the Court of its intention as soon as possible. If the name and nationality of the judge selected are not indicated at the same time, the party shall, not later than two months before the time-limit fixed for the filing of the Counter-Memorial, inform the Court of the name and nationality of the person chosen and supply brief biographical details. A party may choose a judge ad hoc who is not its national.\n2. If a party proposes to abstain from choosing a judge ad hoc, on condition of a like abstention by the other party, it shall so notify the Court which shall inform the other party. If the other party thereafter gives notice of its intention to choose, or chooses, a judge ad hoc, the time-limit for the party which has previously abstained from choosing a judge may be extended by the President.\n3. A copy of any notification relating to the choice of a judge ad hoc shall be communicated by the Registrar to the other party, which shall be requested to furnish, within a time-limit to be fixed by the President, such observations as it may wish to make. If within the said time-limit no objection is raised by the other party, and if none appears to the Court itself, the parties shall be so informed.\n4. In the event of any objection or doubt, the matter shall be decided by the Court, if necessary after hearing the parties.\n5. A judge ad hoc who has accepted appointment but who becomes unable to sit may be replaced.\n6. If and when the reasons for the participation of a judge ad hoc are found no longer to exist, that judge ad hoc shall cease to sit on the Bench.\n1. If the Court finds that two or more parties are in the same interest, and therefore are to be reckoned as one party only, and that there is no Member of the Court of the nationality of any one of those parties upon the Bench, the Court shall fix a time-limit within which they may jointly choose a judge ad hoc.\n2. Should any party amongst those found by the Court to be in the same interest allege the existence of a separate interest of its own, or put forward any other objection, the matter shall be decided by the Court, if necessary after hearing the parties.\n1. If a Member of the Court having the nationality of one of the parties is or becomes unable to sit in any phase of a case, that party shall thereupon become entitled to choose a judge ad hoc within a time-limit to be fixed by the Court, or by the President if the Court is not sitting.\n2. Parties in the same interest shall be deemed not to have a judge of one of their nationalities upon the Bench if the Member of the Court having one of their nationalities is or becomes unable to sit in any phase of the case.\n3. If the Member of the Court having the nationality of a party becomes able to sit not later than the closure of the written proceedings in that phase of the case, that Member of the Court shall return to sit on the Bench in the case.\n1. When proceedings before the Court are instituted by means of an application addressed as specified in Article 40, paragraph 1, of the Statute, the application shall indicate the party making it, the State against which the claim is brought, and the subject of the dispute.\n2. The application shall specify as far as possible the legal grounds upon which the jurisdiction of the Court is said to be based; it shall also specify the precise nature of the claim, together with a succinct statement of the facts and grounds on which the claim is based.\n3. The original of the application shall be signed either by the agent of the party submitting it, or by the diplomatic representative of that party in the country in which the Court has its seat, or by some other duly authorized person. If the application bears the signature of someone other than such diplomatic representative, the signature must be authenticated by the latter or by the competent authority of the applicant’s foreign ministry.\n4. The Registrar shall forthwith transmit to the respondent a certified copy of the application.\n5. When the applicant State proposes to found the jurisdiction of the Court upon a consent thereto yet to be given or manifested by the State against which such application is made, the application shall be transmitted to that State. It shall not however be entered in the General List, nor any action be taken in the proceedings, unless and until the State against which such application is made consents to the Court’s jurisdiction for the purposes of the case.\n1. When proceedings are brought before the Court by the notification of a special agreement, in conformity with Article 40, paragraph 1, of the Statute, the notification may be effected by the parties jointly or by any one or more of them. If the notification is not a joint one, a certified copy of it shall forthwith be communicated by the Registrar to the other party.\n2. In each case the notification shall be accompanied by an original or certified copy of the special agreement. The notification shall also, in so far as this is not already apparent from the agreement, indicate the precise subject of the dispute and identify the parties to it.\n1. Except in the circumstances contemplated by Article 38, paragraph 5, of these Rules, all steps on behalf of the parties after proceedings have been instituted shall be taken by agents. Agents shall have an address for service at the seat of the Court to which all communications concerning the case are to be sent. Communications addressed to the agents of the parties shall be considered as having been addressed to the parties themselves.\n2. When proceedings are instituted by means of an application, the name of the agent for the applicant shall be stated. The respondent, upon receipt of the certified copy of the application, or as soon as possible thereafter, shall inform the Court of the name of its agent.\n3. When proceedings are brought by notification of a special agreement, the party making the notification shall state the name of its agent. Any other party to the special agreement, upon receiving from the Registrar a certified copy of such notification, or as soon as possible thereafter, shall inform the Court of the name of its agent if it has not already done so.\nThe institution of proceedings by a State which is not a party to the Statute but which, under Article 35, paragraph 2, thereof, has accepted the jurisdiction of the Court by a declaration made in accordance with any resolution adopted by the Security Council under that Article<sup>6</sup>, shall be accompanied by a deposit of the declaration in question, unless the latter has previously been deposited with the Registrar. If any question of the validity or effect of such declaration arises, the Court shall decide.\nThe Registrar shall transmit copies of any application or notification of a special agreement instituting proceedings before the Court to: (a) the Secretary-General of the United Nations; (b) the Members of the United Nations; (c) other States entitled to appear before the Court.\n1. Whenever the construction of a convention to which States other than those concerned in the case are parties may be in question within the meaning of Article 63, paragraph 1, of the Statute, the Court shall consider what directions shall be given to the Registrar in the matter.\n2. Whenever the construction of a convention to which a public international organization is a party may be in question in a case before the Court, the Court shall consider whether the Registrar shall so notify the public international organization concerned. Every public international organization notified by the Registrar may submit its observations on the particular provisions of the convention the construction of which is in question in the case.\n3. If a public international organization sees fit to furnish its observations under paragraph 2 of this Article, the procedure to be followed shall be that provided for in Article 69, paragraph 2, of these Rules.\n1. In the light of the information obtained by the President under Article 31 of these Rules, the Court shall make the necessary orders to determine, inter alia, the number and the order of filing of the pleadings and the time-limits within which they must be filed.\n2. In making an order under paragraph 1 of this Article, any agreement between the parties which does not cause unjustified delay shall be taken into account.\n3. The Court may, at the request of the party concerned, extend any time-limit, or decide that any step taken after the expiration of the time-limit fixed therefor shall be considered as valid, if it is satisfied that there is adequate justification for the request. In either case the other party shall be given an opportunity to state its views.\n4. If the Court is not sitting, its powers under this Article shall be exercised by the President, but without prejudice to any subsequent decision of the Court. If the consultation referred to in Article 31 reveals persistent disagreement between the parties as to the application of Article 45, paragraph 2, or Article 46, paragraph 2, of these Rules, the Court shall be convened to decide the matter.\n1. The pleadings in a case begun by means of an application shall consist, in the following order, of: a Memorial by the applicant; a Counter-Memorial by the respondent.\n2. The Court may authorize or direct that there shall be a Reply by the applicant and a Rejoinder by the respondent if the parties are so agreed, or if the Court decides, proprio motu or at the request of one of the parties, that these pleadings are necessary.\n1. In a case begun by the notification of a special agreement, the number and order of the pleadings shall be governed by the provisions of the agreement, unless the Court, after ascertaining the views of the parties, decides otherwise.\n2. If the special agreement contains no such provision, and if the parties have not subsequently agreed on the number and order of pleadings, they shall each file a Memorial and Counter-Memorial, within the same time-limits. The Court shall not authorize the presentation of Replies unless it finds them to be necessary.\nThe Court may at any time direct that the proceedings in two or more cases be joined. It may also direct that the written or oral proceedings, including the calling of witnesses, be in common; or the Court may, without effecting any formal joinder, direct common action in any of these respects.\nTime-limits for the completion of steps in the proceedings may be fixed by assigning a specified period but shall always indicate definite dates. Such time-limits shall be as short as the character of the case permits.\n1. A Memorial shall contain a statement of the relevant facts, a statement of law, and the submissions.\n2. A Counter-Memorial shall contain: an admission or denial of the facts stated in the Memorial; any additional facts, if necessary; observations concerning the statement of law in the Memorial; a statement of law in answer thereto; and the submissions.\n3. The Reply and Rejoinder, whenever authorized by the Court, shall not merely repeat the parties’ contentions, but shall be directed to bringing out the issues that still divide them.\n4. Every pleading shall set out the party’s submissions at the relevant stage of the case, distinctly from the arguments presented, or shall confirm the submissions previously made.\n1. There shall be annexed to the original of every pleading certified copies of any relevant documents adduced in support of the contentions contained in the pleading.\n2. If only parts of a document are relevant, only such extracts as are necessary for the purpose of the pleading in question need be annexed. A copy of the whole document shall be deposited in the Registry, unless it has been published and is readily available.\n3. A list of all documents annexed to a pleading shall be furnished at the time the pleading is filed.\n1. If the parties are agreed that the written proceedings shall be conducted wholly in one of the two official languages of the Court, the pleadings shall be submitted only in that language. If the parties are not so agreed, any pleading or any part of a pleading shall be submitted in one or other of the official languages.\n2. If in pursuance of Article 39, paragraph 3, of the Statute a language other than French or English is used, a translation into French or English certified as accurate by the party submitting it, shall be attached to the original of each pleading.\n3. When a document annexed to a pleading is not in one of the official languages of the Court, it shall be accompanied by a translation into one of these languages certified by the party submitting it as accurate. The translation may be confined to part of an annex, or to extracts therefrom, but in this case it must be accompanied by an explanatory note indicating what passages are translated. The Court may however require a more extensive or a complete translation to be furnished.\n1. The original of every pleading shall be signed by the agent and filed in the Registry. It shall be accompanied by a certified copy of the pleading, documents annexed, and any translations, for communication to the other party in accordance with Article 43, paragraph 4, of the Statute, and by the number of additional copies required by the Registry, but without prejudice to an increase in that number should the need arise later.\n2. All pleadings shall be dated. When a pleading has to be filed by a certain date, it is the date of the receipt of the pleading in the Registry which will be regarded by the Court as the material date.\n3. The correction of a slip or error in any document which has been filed may be made at any time with the consent of the other party or by leave of the President. Any correction so effected shall be notified to the other party in the same manner as the pleading to which it relates.\n1. The Court, or the President if the Court is not sitting, may at any time decide, after ascertaining the views of the parties, that copies of the pleadings and documents annexed shall be made available to a State entitled to appear before it which has asked to be furnished with such copies.\n2. The Court may, after ascertaining the views of the parties, decide that copies of the pleadings and documents annexed shall be made accessible to the public on or after the opening of the oral proceedings.\n1. Upon the closure of the written proceedings, the case is ready for hearing. The date for the opening of the oral proceedings shall be fixed by the Court, which may also decide, if occasion should arise, that the opening or the continuance of the oral proceedings be postponed.\n2. When fixing the date for, or postponing, the opening of the oral proceedings the Court shall have regard to the priority required by Article 74 of these Rules and to any other special circumstances, including the urgency of a particular case.\n3. When the Court is not sitting, its powers under this Article shall be exercised by the President.\nThe Court may, if it considers it desirable, decide pursuant to Article 22, paragraph 1, of the Statute that all or part of the further proceedings in a case shall be held at a place other than the seat of the Court. Before so deciding, it shall ascertain the views of the parties.\n1. After the closure of the written proceedings, no further documents may be submitted to the Court by either party except with the consent of the other party or as provided in paragraph 2 of this Article. The party desiring to produce a new document shall file the original or a certified copy thereof, together with the number of copies required by the Registry, which shall be responsible for communicating it to the other party and shall inform the Court. The other party shall be held to have given its consent if it does not lodge an objection to the production of the document.\n2. In the absence of consent, the Court, after hearing the parties, may, if it considers the document necessary, authorize its production.\n3. If a new document is produced under paragraph 1 or paragraph 2 of this Article, the other party shall have an opportunity of commenting upon it and of submitting documents in support of its comments.\n4. No reference may be made during the oral proceedings to the contents of any document which has not been produced in accordance with Article 43 of the Statute or this Article, unless the document is part of a publication readily available.\n5. The application of the provisions of this Article shall not in itself constitute a ground for delaying the opening or the course of the oral proceedings.\nWithout prejudice to the provisions of the Rules concerning the production of documents, each party shall communicate to the Registrar, in sufficient time before the opening of the oral proceedings, information regarding any evidence which it intends to produce or which it intends to request the Court to obtain. This communication shall contain a list of the surnames, first names, nationalities, descriptions and places of residence of the witnesses and experts whom the party intends to call, with indications in general terms of the point or points to which their evidence will be directed. A copy of the communication shall also be furnished for transmission to the other party.\n1. The Court shall determine whether the parties should present their arguments before or after the production of the evidence; the parties shall, however, retain the right to comment on the evidence given.\n2. The order in which the parties will be heard, the method of handling the evidence and of examining any witnesses and experts, and the number of counsel and advocates to be heard on behalf of each party, shall be settled by the Court after the views of the parties have been ascertained in accordance with Article 31 of these Rules.\n1. The hearing in Court shall be public, unless the Court shall decide otherwise, or unless the parties demand that the public be not admitted. Such a decision or demand may concern either the whole or part of the hearing, and may be made at any time.\n2. The Court may decide, for health, security or other compelling reasons, to hold a hearing entirely or in part by video link. The parties shall be consulted on the organization of such a hearing.\n1. The oral statements made on behalf of each party shall be as succinct as possible within the limits of what is requisite for the adequate presentation of that party’s contentions at the hearing. Accordingly, they shall be directed to the issues that still divide the parties, and shall not go over the whole ground covered by the pleadings, or merely repeat the facts and arguments these contain.\n2. At the conclusion of the last statement made by a party at the hearing, its agent, without recapitulation of the arguments, shall read that party’s final submissions. A copy of the written text of these, signed by the agent, shall be communicated to the Court and transmitted to the other party.\n1. The Court may at any time prior to or during the hearing indicate any points or issues to which it would like the parties specially to address themselves, or on which it considers that there has been sufficient argument.\n2. The Court may, during the hearing, put questions to the agents, counsel and advocates, and may ask them for explanations.\n3. Each judge has a similar right to put questions, but, before exercising it, should make this intention known to the President, who is made responsible by Article 45 of the Statute for the control of the hearing.\n4. The agents, counsel and advocates may answer either immediately or within a time-limit fixed by the President.\n1. The Court may at any time call upon the parties to produce such evidence or to give such explanations as the Court may consider to be necessary for the elucidation of any aspect of the matters in issue, or may itself seek other information for this purpose.\n2. The Court may, if necessary, arrange for the attendance of a witness or expert to give evidence in the proceedings.\n1. The parties may call any witnesses or experts appearing on the list communicated to the Court pursuant to Article 57 of these Rules. If at any time during the hearing a party wishes to call a witness or expert whose name was not included in that list, it shall so inform the Court and the other party, and shall supply the information required by Article 57. The witness or expert may be called either if the other party makes no objection or if the Court is satisfied that the evidence seems likely to prove relevant.\n2. The Court, or the President if the Court is not sitting, shall, at the request of one of the parties or proprio motu, take the necessary steps for the examination of witnesses otherwise than before the Court itself.\nUnless on account of special circumstances the Court decides on a different form of words,\n(a) every witness shall make the following declaration before giving any evidence:\n“I solemnly declare upon my honour and conscience that I will speak the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth”;\n(b) every expert shall make the following declaration before making any statement:\n“I solemnly declare upon my honour and conscience that I will speak the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, and that my statement will be in accordance with my sincere belief.”\nWitnesses and experts shall be examined by the agents, counsel or advocates of the parties under the control of the President. Questions may be put to them by the President and by the judges. Before testifying, witnesses shall remain out of court.\nThe Court may at any time decide, either proprio motu or at the request of a party, to exercise its functions with regard to the obtaining of evidence at a place or locality to which the case relates, subject to such conditions as the Court may decide upon after ascertaining the views of the parties. The necessary arrangements shall be made in accordance with Article 44 of the Statute.\n1. If the Court considers it necessary to arrange for an enquiry or an expert opinion, it shall, after hearing the parties, issue an order to this effect, defining the subject of the enquiry or expert opinion, stating the number and mode of appointment of the persons to hold the enquiry or of the experts, and laying down the procedure to be followed. Where appropriate, the Court shall require persons appointed to carry out an enquiry, or to give an expert opinion, to make a solemn declaration.\n2. Every report or record of an enquiry and every expert opinion shall be communicated to the parties, which shall be given the opportunity of commenting upon it.\nWitnesses and experts who appear at the instance of the Court under Article 62, paragraph 2, and persons appointed under Article 67, paragraph 1, of these Rules, to carry out an enquiry or to give an expert opinion, shall, where appropriate, be paid out of the funds of the Court.\n1. The Court may, at any time prior to the closure of the oral proceedings, either proprio motu or at the request of one of the parties communicated as provided in Article 57 of these Rules, request a public international organization, pursuant to Article 34 of the Statute, to furnish information relevant to a case before it. The Court, after consulting the chief administrative officer of the organization concerned, shall decide whether such information shall be presented to it orally or in writing, and the time-limits for its presentation.\n2. When a public international organization sees fit to furnish, on its own initiative, information relevant to a case before the Court, it shall do so in the form of a Memorial to be filed in the Registry before the closure of the written proceedings. The Court shall retain the right to require such information to be supplemented, either orally or in writing, in the form of answers to any questions which it may see fit to formulate, and also to authorize the parties to comment, either orally or in writing, on the information thus furnished.\n3. In the circumstances contemplated by Article 34, paragraph 3, of the Statute, the Registrar, on the instructions of the Court, or of the President if the Court is not sitting, shall proceed as prescribed in that paragraph. The Court, or the President if the Court is not sitting, may, as from the date on which the Registrar has communicated copies of the written proceedings and after consulting the chief administrative officer of the public international organization concerned, fix a time-limit within which the organization may submit to the Court its observations in writing. These observations shall be communicated to the parties and may be discussed by them and by the representative of the said organization during the oral proceedings.\n4. In the foregoing paragraphs, the term “public international organization” denotes an international organization of States.\n1. In the absence of any decision to the contrary by the Court, all speeches and statements made and evidence given at the hearing in one of the official languages of the Court shall be interpreted into the other official language. If they are made or given in any other language, they shall be interpreted into the two official languages of the Court.\n2. Whenever, in accordance with Article 39, paragraph 3, of the Statute, a language other than French or English is used, the necessary arrangements for interpretation into one of the two official languages shall be made by the party concerned; however, the Registrar shall make arrangements for the verification of the interpretation provided by a party of evidence given on the party’s behalf. In the case of witnesses or experts who appear at the instance of the Court, arrangements for interpretation shall be made by the Registry.\n3. A party on behalf of which speeches or statements are to be made, or evidence given, in a language which is not one of the official languages of the Court, shall so notify the Registrar in sufficient time for the necessary arrangements to be made.\n4. Before first interpreting in the case, interpreters provided by a party shall make the following declaration in open court:\n“I solemnly declare upon my honour and conscience that my interpretation will be faithful and complete.”\n1. A verbatim record shall be made by the Registrar of every hearing, in the official language of the Court which has been used. When the language used is not one of the two official languages of the Court, the verbatim record shall be prepared in one of the Court’s official languages.\n2. When speeches or statements are made in a language which is not one of the official languages of the Court, the party on behalf of which they are made shall supply to the Registry in advance a text thereof in one of the official languages, and this text shall constitute the relevant part of the verbatim record.\n3. The transcript of the verbatim record shall be preceded by the names of the judges present, and those of the agents, counsel and advocates of the parties.\n4. Copies of the transcript shall be circulated to the judges sitting in the case, and to the parties. The latter may, under the supervision of the Court, correct the transcripts of speeches and statements made on their behalf, but in no case may such corrections affect the sense and bearing thereof. The judges may likewise make corrections in the transcript of anything they may have said.\n5. Witnesses and experts shall be shown that part of the transcript which relates to the evidence given, or the statements made by them, and may correct it in like manner as the parties.\n6. One certified true copy of the eventual corrected transcript, signed by the President and the Registrar, shall constitute the authentic minutes of the sitting for the purpose of Article 47 of the Statute. The minutes of public hearings shall be printed and published by the Court.\nAny written reply by a party to a question put under Article 61, or any evidence or explanation supplied by a party under Article 62 of these Rules, received by the Court after the closure of the oral proceedings, shall be communicated to the other party, which shall be given the opportunity of commenting upon it. If necessary the oral proceedings may be reopened for that purpose.\n1. A written request for the indication of provisional measures may be made by a party at any time during the course of the proceedings in the case in connection with which the request is made.\n2. The request shall specify the reasons therefor, the possible consequences if it is not granted, and the measures requested. A certified copy shall forthwith be transmitted by the Registrar to the other party.\n1. A request for the indication of provisional measures shall have priority over all other cases.\n2. The Court, if it is not sitting when the request is made, shall be convened forthwith for the purpose of proceeding to a decision on the request as a matter of urgency.\n3. The Court, or the President if the Court is not sitting, shall fix a date for a hearing which will afford the parties an opportunity of being represented at it. The Court shall receive and take into account any observations that may be presented to it before the closure of the oral proceedings.\n4. Pending the meeting of the Court, the President may call upon the parties to act in such a way as will enable any order the Court may make on the request for provisional measures to have its appropriate effects.\n1. The Court may at any time decide to examine proprio motu whether the circumstances of the case require the indication of provisional measures which ought to be taken or complied with by any or all of the parties.\n2. When a request for provisional measures has been made, the Court may indicate measures that are in whole or in part other than those requested, or that ought to be taken or complied with by the party which has itself made the request.\n3. The rejection of a request for the indication of provisional measures shall not prevent the party which made it from making a fresh request in the same case based on new facts.\n1. At the request of a party or proprio motu, the Court may, at any time before the final judgment in the case, revoke or modify any decision concerning provisional measures if, in its opinion, some change in the situation justifies such revocation or modification.\n2. Any application by a party proposing such a revocation or modification shall specify the change in the situation considered to be relevant.\n3. Before taking any decision under paragraph 1 of this Article the Court shall afford the parties an opportunity of presenting their observations on the subject.\nAny measures indicated by the Court under Articles 73 and 75 of these Rules, and any decision taken by the Court under Article 76, paragraph 1, of these Rules, shall forthwith be communicated to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for transmission to the Security Council in pursuance of Article 41, paragraph 2, of the Statute.\n1. The Court may request that the parties shall submit reports to it on measures they have taken to give effect to an Order indicating provisional measures, within a time-limit specified by the Court. The Court may also request information on other matters connected with any provisional measure it has indicated.\n2. Where the Court requests the submission of a report pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article, it shall, after ascertaining the views of the parties, make the report or parts thereof accessible to the public as soon as possible, unless, in case of an objection by a party, it decides otherwise.\n1. Pleadings with respect to preliminary questions, or objections filed pursuant to Article 79, paragraph 2, or Article 79bis, paragraphs 1 and 3, shall be confined to those matters that are relevant to the preliminary questions or objections.\n2. Unless otherwise decided by the Court, the further proceedings shall be oral.\n3. The Court, whenever necessary, may request the parties to argue all questions of law and fact, and to adduce all evidence, which bear on the preliminary questions or objections.\n4. After hearing the parties, the Court shall decide upon a preliminary question or uphold or reject a preliminary objection. The Court may however declare that, in the circumstances of the case, a question or objection does not possess an exclusively preliminary character.\n5. The Court shall give its decision in the form of a judgment. If the judgment does not dispose of the case, the Court shall fix time-limits for the further proceedings.\n1. The Court may entertain a counter-claim only if it comes within the jurisdiction of the Court and is directly connected with the subject-matter of the claim of the other party.\n2. A counter-claim shall be made in the Counter-Memorial and shall appear as part of the submissions contained therein. The right of the other party to present its views in writing on the counter-claim, in an additional pleading, shall be preserved, irrespective of any decision of the Court, in accordance with Article 45, paragraph 2, of these Rules, concerning the filing of further written pleadings.\n3. Where an objection is raised concerning the application of paragraph 1 or whenever the Court deems necessary, the Court shall take its decision thereon after hearing the parties.\n1.An application for permission to intervene under the terms of Article 62 of the Statute, signed in the manner provided for in Article 38, paragraph 3, of these Rules, shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the Counter Memorial.\n2. If the Court has authorized further written pleadings either under Article 45, paragraph 2, or under Article 46, paragraph 2, or if a counter claim has been made in accordance with Article 80, paragraph 2, of these Rules, an application for permission to intervene shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the last written pleading.\n3. If and to the extent that an application for permission to intervene concerns preliminary objections, it shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the written statement of observations and submissions on the preliminary objections.\n4. In exceptional circumstances, an application submitted later may however be admitted.\n5. The application shall state the name of an agent. It shall specify the case to which it relates, and shall set out:\n(a) the interest of a legal nature which the State applying to intervene considers may be affected by the decision in that case;\n(b)the precise object of the intervention;\n(c)any basis of jurisdiction which is claimed to exist as between the State applying to intervene and the parties to the case.\n6. The application shall contain a list of the documents in support, which documents shall be attached.\n1. A State which desires to avail itself of the right of intervention conferred upon it by Article 63 of the Statute shall file a declaration to that effect, signed in the manner provided for in Article 38, paragraph 3, of these Rules. Such a declaration shall be filed as soon as possible, and no later than the date fixed for the filing of the Counter Memorial.\n2. If the Court has authorized further written pleadings either under Article 45, paragraph 2, or under Article 46, paragraph 2, or if a counter claim has been made in accordance with Article 80, paragraph 2, of these Rules, a declaration of intervention shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the last written pleading.\n3. If and to the extent that a declaration of intervention concerns preliminary objections, it shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the written statement of observations and submissions on the preliminary objections.\n4. In exceptional circumstances a declaration submitted later may however be admitted.\n5. The declaration shall state the name of an agent. It shall specify the case and the convention to which it relates and shall contain:\n(a)particulars of the basis on which the declarant State considers itself a party to the convention;\n(b)identification of the particular provisions of the convention the construction of which it considers to be in question;\n(c)a statement of the construction of those provisions for which it contends;\n(d)a list of the documents in support, which documents shall be attached.\n6. Such a declaration may be filed by a State that considers itself a party to the convention, the construction of which is in question but has not received the notification referred to in Article 63 of the Statute.\n1. Certified copies of the application for permission to intervene under Article 62 of the Statute, or of the declaration of intervention under Article 63 of the Statute, shall be communicated forthwith to the parties to the case, which shall be invited to furnish their written observations within a time-limit to be fixed by the Court or by the President if the Court is not sitting.\n2. The Registrar shall also transmit copies to: (a) the Secretary-General of the United Nations; (b) the Members of the United Nations; (c) other States entitled to appear before the Court; (d) any other States which have been notified under Article 63 of the Statute.\n1. The Court shall decide whether an application for permission to intervene under Article 62 of the Statute should be granted, and whether an intervention under Article 63 of the Statute is admissible, as a matter of priority unless in view of the circumstances of the case the Court shall otherwise determine.\n2. If, within the time-limit fixed under Article 83 of these Rules, an objection is filed to an application for permission to intervene, or to the admissibility of a declaration of intervention, the Court shall hear the State seeking to intervene and the parties before deciding.\n1. If an application for permission to intervene under Article 62 of the Statute is granted, the intervening State shall be supplied with copies of the pleadings and documents annexed and shall be entitled to submit a written statement within a time-limit to be fixed by the Court. A further time-limit shall be fixed within which the parties may, if they so desire, furnish their written observations on that statement prior to the oral proceedings. If the Court is not sitting, these time-limits shall be fixed by the President.\n2. The time-limits fixed according to the preceding paragraph shall, so far as possible, coincide with those already fixed for the pleadings in the case.\n3. The intervening State shall be entitled, in the course of the oral proceedings, to submit its observations with respect to the subject-matter of the intervention.\n1. If an intervention under Article 63 of the Statute is admitted, the intervening State shall be furnished with copies of the pleadings and documents annexed, and shall be entitled, within a time-limit to be fixed by the Court, or by the President if the Court is not sitting, to submit its written observations on the subject-matter of the intervention.\n2. These observations shall be communicated to the parties and to any other State admitted to intervene. The intervening State may also submit its observations with respect to the subject-matter of the intervention in the course of the oral proceedings, unless the Court decides otherwise.\n1. When in accordance with a treaty or convention in force a contentious case is brought before the Court concerning a matter which has been the subject of proceedings before some other international body, the provisions of the Statute and of the Rules governing contentious cases shall apply.\n2. The application instituting proceedings shall identify the decision or other act of the international body concerned and a copy thereof shall be annexed; it shall contain a precise statement of the questions raised in regard to that decision or act, which constitute the subject of the dispute referred to the Court.\n1. If at any time before the final judgment on the merits has been delivered the parties, either jointly or separately, notify the Court in writing that they have agreed to discontinue the proceedings, the Court shall make an order recording the discontinuance and directing that the case be removed from the list.\n2. If the parties have agreed to discontinue the proceedings in consequence of having reached a settlement of the dispute and if they so desire, the Court may record this fact in the order for the removal of the case from the list, or indicate in, or annex to, the order, the terms of the settlement.\n3. If the Court is not sitting, any order under this Article may be made by the President.\n1. If in the course of proceedings instituted by means of an application, the applicant informs the Court in writing that it is not going on with the proceedings, and if, at the date on which this communication is received by the Registry, the respondent has not yet taken any step in the proceedings, the Court shall make an order officially recording the discontinuance of the proceedings and directing the removal of the case from the list. A copy of this order shall be sent by the Registrar to the respondent.\n2. If, at the time when the notice of discontinuance is received, the respondent has already taken some step in the proceedings, the Court shall fix a time-limit within which the respondent may state whether it opposes the discontinuance of the proceedings. If no objection is made to the discontinuance before the expiration of the time-limit, acquiescence will be presumed and the Court shall make an order officially recording the discontinuance of the proceedings and directing the removal of the case from the list. If objection is made, the proceedings shall continue.\n3. If the Court is not sitting, its powers under this Article may be exercised by the President.\nProceedings before the Chambers mentioned in Articles 26 and 29 of the Statute shall, subject to the provisions of the Statute and of these Rules relating specifically to the Chambers, be governed by the provisions of Parts I to III of these Rules applicable in contentious cases before the Court.\n1. When it is desired that a case should be dealt with by one of the Chambers which has been formed in pursuance of Article 26, paragraph 1, or Article 29 of the Statute, a request to this effect shall either be made in the document instituting the proceedings or accompany it. Effect will be given to the request if the parties are in agreement.\n2. Upon receipt by the Registry of this request, the President of the Court shall communicate it to the members of the chamber concerned and shall take such steps as may be necessary to give effect to the provisions of Article 31, paragraph 4, of the Statute.\n3. The President of the Court shall convene the Chamber at the earliest date compatible with the requirements of the procedure.\n1. Written proceedings in a case before a Chamber shall consist of a single pleading by each side. In proceedings begun by means of an application, the pleadings shall be delivered within successive time-limits. In proceedings begun by the notification of a special agreement, the pleadings shall be delivered within the same time-limits, unless the parties have agreed on successive delivery of their pleadings. The time-limits referred to in this paragraph shall be fixed by the Court, or by the President if the Court is not sitting, in consultation with the Chamber concerned if it is already constituted.\n2. The Chamber may authorize or direct that further pleadings be filed if the parties are so agreed, or if the Chamber decides, proprio motu or at the request of one of the parties, that such pleadings are necessary.\n3. Oral proceedings shall take place unless the parties agree to dispense with them, and the Chamber consents. Even when no oral proceedings take place, the Chamber may call upon the parties to supply information or furnish explanations orally.\nJudgments given by a Chamber shall be read at a public sitting of that Chamber.\n1. When the Court has completed its deliberations and adopted its judgment, the parties shall be notified of the date on which it will be read.\n2. The judgment shall be read at a public sitting of the Court. The Court may decide, for health, security or other compelling reasons, that the judgment shall be read at a sitting of the Court accessible to the parties and the public by video link. The judgment shall become binding on the parties on the day of the reading.\n1. The judgment, which shall state whether it is given by the Court or by a Chamber, shall contain:\nthe date on which it is read;\nthe names of the judges participating in it;\nthe names of the parties;\nthe names of the agents, counsel and advocates of the parties;\na summary of the proceedings;\nthe submissions of the parties;\na statement of the facts;\nthe reasons in point of law;\nthe operative provisions of the judgment;\nthe decision, if any, in regard to costs;\nthe number and names of the judges constituting the majority;\na statement as to the text of the judgment which is authoritative.\n2. Any judge who so desires may attach an individual opinion to the judgment, whether dissenting from the majority or not; a judge who wishes to record concurrence or dissent without stating reasons may do so in the form of a declaration. The same shall also apply to orders made by the Court.\n3. One copy of the judgment duly signed and sealed, shall be placed in the archives of the Court and another shall be transmitted to each of the parties. Copies shall be sent by the Registrar to: (a) the Secretary-General of the United Nations; (b) the Members of the United Nations; (c) other Sates entitled to appear before the Court.\nWhen by reason of an agreement reached between the parties, the written and oral proceedings have been conducted in one of the Court’s two official languages, and pursuant to Article 39, paragraph 1, of the Statute the judgment is to be delivered in that language, the text of the judgment in that language shall be the authoritative text.\nIf the Court, under Article 64 of the Statute, decides that all or part of a party’s costs shall be paid by the other party, it may make an order for the purpose of giving effect to that decision.\n1. In the event of dispute as to the meaning or scope of a judgment any party may make a request for its interpretation, whether the original proceedings were begun by an application or by the notification of a special agreement.\n2. A request for the interpretation of a judgment may be made either by an application or by the notification of a special agreement to that effect between the parties; the precise point or points in dispute as to the meaning or scope of the judgment shall be indicated.\n3. If the request for interpretation is made by an application, the requesting party’s contentions shall be set out therein, and the other party shall be entitled to file written observations thereon within a time-limit fixed by the Court, or by the President if the Court is not sitting.\n4. Whether the request is made by an application or by notification of a special agreement, the Court may, if necessary, afford the parties the opportunity of furnishing further written or oral explanations.\n1. A request for the revision of a judgment shall be made by an application containing the particulars necessary to show that the conditions specified in Article 61 of the Statute are fulfilled. Any documents in support of the application shall be annexed to it.\n2. The other party shall be entitled to file written observations on the admissibility of the application within a time-limit fixed by the Court, or by the President if the Court is not sitting. These observations shall be communicated to the party making the application.\n3. The Court, before giving its judgment on the admissibility of the application may afford the parties a further opportunity of presenting their views thereon.\n4. If the Court finds that the application is admissible it shall fix time-limits for such further proceedings on the merits of the application as, after ascertaining the views of the parties, it considers necessary.\n5. If the Court decides to make the admission of the proceedings in revision conditional on previous compliance with the judgment, it shall make an order accordingly.\n1. If the judgment to be revised or to be interpreted was given by the Court, the request for its revision or interpretation shall be dealt with by the Court. If the judgment was given by a Chamber, the request for its revision or interpretation shall be dealt with by that Chamber.\n2. The decision of the Court, or of the Chamber, on a request for interpretation or revision of a judgment shall itself be given in the form of a judgment.\nThe parties to a case may jointly propose particular modifications or additions to the rules contained in the present Part (with the exception of Articles 93 to 97 inclusive), which may be applied by the Court or by a Chamber if the Court or the Chamber considers them appropriate in the circumstances of the case."} | |
| {"key": "rules:part_4", "title": "Part IV\nADVISORY PROCEEDINGS", "level": "part", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. In the exercise of its advisory functions under Article 65 of the Statute, the Court shall apply, in addition to the provisions of Article 96 of the Charter and Chapter IV of the Statute, the provisions of the present Part of the Rules.\n2. The Court shall also be guided by the provisions of the Statute and of these Rules which apply in contentious cases to the extent to which it recognizes them to be applicable. For this purpose, it shall above all consider whether the request for the advisory opinion relates to a legal question actually pending between two or more States.\n3. When an advisory opinion is requested upon a legal question actually pending between two or more States, Article 31 of the Statute shall apply, as also the provisions of these Rules concerning the application of that Article.\nWhen the body authorized by or in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations to request an advisory opinion informs the Court that its request necessitates an urgent answer, or the Court finds that an early answer would be desirable, the Court shall take all necessary steps to accelerate the procedure, and it shall convene as early as possible for the purpose of proceeding to a hearing and deliberation on the request.\nAll requests for advisory opinions shall be transmitted to the Court by the Secretary-General of the United Nations or, as the case may be, the chief administrative officer of the body authorized to make the request. The documents referred to in Article 65, paragraph 2, of the Statute shall be transmitted to the Court at the same time as the request or as soon as possible thereafter, in the number of copies required by the Registry.\n1. Written statements submitted to the Court shall be communicated by the Registrar to any States and organizations which have submitted such statements.\n2. The Court, or the President if the Court is not sitting, shall:\n(a) determine the form in which, and the extent to which, comments permitted under Article 66, paragraph 4, of the Statute shall be received, and fix the time-limit for the submission of any such comments in writing;\n(b) decide whether oral proceedings shall take place at which statements and comments may be submitted to the Court under the provisions of Article 66 of the Statute, and fix the date for the opening of such oral proceedings.\nThe Court, or the President if the Court is not sitting, may decide that the written statements and annexed documents shall be made accessible to the public on or after the opening of the oral proceedings. If the request for advisory opinion relates to a legal question actually pending between two or more States, the views of those States shall first be ascertained.\n1. When the Court has completed its deliberations and adopted its advisory opinion, the opinion shall be read at a public sitting of the Court.\n2. The advisory opinion shall contain:\nthe date on which it is delivered;\nthe names of the judges participating;\na summary of the proceedings;\na statement of the facts;\nthe reasons in point of law;\nthe reply to the question put to the Court;\nthe number and names of the judges constituting the majority;\na statement as to the text of the opinion which is authoritative.\n3. Any judge who so desires may attach an individual opinion to the advisory opinion of the Court, whether dissenting from the majority or not; a judge who wishes to record concurrence or dissent without stating reasons may do so in the form of a declaration.\nThe Registrar shall inform the Secretary-General of the United Nations, and, where appropriate, the chief administrative officer of the body which requested the advisory opinion, as to the date and the hour fixed for the public sitting to be held for the reading of the opinion. The Registrar shall also inform the representatives of the Members of the United Nations and other States, specialized agencies and public international organizations immediately concerned.\nOne copy of the advisory opinion, duly signed and sealed, shall be placed in the archives of the Court, another shall be sent to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and, where appropriate, a third to the chief administrative officer of the body which requested the opinion of the Court. Copies shall be sent by the Registrar to the Members of the United Nations and to any other States, specialized agencies and public international organizations immediately concerned."} | |
| {"key": "rules:preamble", "title": "Preamble", "level": "preamble", "instrument": "rules", "text": ""} | |
| {"key": "rules:section_1", "title": "SECTION A. COMMUNICATIONS TO THE COURT AND CONSULTATIONS", "level": "section", "instrument": "rules", "text": "All communications to the Court under these Rules shall be addressed to the Registrar unless otherwise stated. Any request made by a party shall likewise be addressed to the Registrar unless made in open court in the course of the oral proceedings.\nIn every case submitted to the Court, the President shall ascertain the views of the parties with regard to questions of procedure. For this purpose, the President shall summon the agents of the parties for a meeting as soon as possible after their appointment, and whenever necessary thereafter."} | |
| {"key": "rules:section_2", "title": "SECTION B. THE COMPOSITION OF THE COURTFOR PARTICULAR CASES", "level": "section", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The President of the Court, if a national of one of the parties in a case, shall not exercise the functions of the presidency in respect of that case. The same rule applies to the Vice-President, or to the senior judge, when called on to act as President.\n2. The Member of the Court who is presiding in a case on the date on which the Court convenes for the oral proceedings shall continue to preside in that case until completion of the current phase of the case, notwithstanding the election in the meantime of a new President or Vice-President. If that Member of the Court should become unable to act, the presidency for the case shall be determined in accordance with Article 13 of these Rules, and on the basis of the composition of the Court on the date on which it convened for the oral proceedings.\nExcept as provided in Article 17 of these Rules, Members of the Court who have been replaced, in accordance with Article 13, paragraph 3, of the Statute following the expiration of their terms of office, shall discharge the duty imposed upon them by that paragraph by continuing to sit until the completion of any phase of a case in respect of which the Court convenes for the oral proceedings prior to the date of such replacement.\n1. In case of any doubt arising as to the application of Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Statute or in case of a disagreement as to the application of Article 24 of the Statute, the President shall inform the Members of the Court, with whom the decision lies.\n2. If a party desires to bring to the attention of the Court facts which it considers to be of possible relevance to the application of the provisions of the Statute mentioned in the previous paragraph, but which it believes may not be known to the Court, that party shall communicate confidentially such facts to the President in writing.\n1. If a party proposes to exercise the power conferred by Article 31 of the Statute to choose a judge ad hoc in a case, it shall notify the Court of its intention as soon as possible. If the name and nationality of the judge selected are not indicated at the same time, the party shall, not later than two months before the time-limit fixed for the filing of the Counter-Memorial, inform the Court of the name and nationality of the person chosen and supply brief biographical details. A party may choose a judge ad hoc who is not its national.\n2. If a party proposes to abstain from choosing a judge ad hoc, on condition of a like abstention by the other party, it shall so notify the Court which shall inform the other party. If the other party thereafter gives notice of its intention to choose, or chooses, a judge ad hoc, the time-limit for the party which has previously abstained from choosing a judge may be extended by the President.\n3. A copy of any notification relating to the choice of a judge ad hoc shall be communicated by the Registrar to the other party, which shall be requested to furnish, within a time-limit to be fixed by the President, such observations as it may wish to make. If within the said time-limit no objection is raised by the other party, and if none appears to the Court itself, the parties shall be so informed.\n4. In the event of any objection or doubt, the matter shall be decided by the Court, if necessary after hearing the parties.\n5. A judge ad hoc who has accepted appointment but who becomes unable to sit may be replaced.\n6. If and when the reasons for the participation of a judge ad hoc are found no longer to exist, that judge ad hoc shall cease to sit on the Bench.\n1. If the Court finds that two or more parties are in the same interest, and therefore are to be reckoned as one party only, and that there is no Member of the Court of the nationality of any one of those parties upon the Bench, the Court shall fix a time-limit within which they may jointly choose a judge ad hoc.\n2. Should any party amongst those found by the Court to be in the same interest allege the existence of a separate interest of its own, or put forward any other objection, the matter shall be decided by the Court, if necessary after hearing the parties.\n1. If a Member of the Court having the nationality of one of the parties is or becomes unable to sit in any phase of a case, that party shall thereupon become entitled to choose a judge ad hoc within a time-limit to be fixed by the Court, or by the President if the Court is not sitting.\n2. Parties in the same interest shall be deemed not to have a judge of one of their nationalities upon the Bench if the Member of the Court having one of their nationalities is or becomes unable to sit in any phase of the case.\n3. If the Member of the Court having the nationality of a party becomes able to sit not later than the closure of the written proceedings in that phase of the case, that Member of the Court shall return to sit on the Bench in the case."} | |
| {"key": "rules:section_3", "title": "SECTION C. PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COURT", "level": "section", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. When proceedings before the Court are instituted by means of an application addressed as specified in Article 40, paragraph 1, of the Statute, the application shall indicate the party making it, the State against which the claim is brought, and the subject of the dispute.\n2. The application shall specify as far as possible the legal grounds upon which the jurisdiction of the Court is said to be based; it shall also specify the precise nature of the claim, together with a succinct statement of the facts and grounds on which the claim is based.\n3. The original of the application shall be signed either by the agent of the party submitting it, or by the diplomatic representative of that party in the country in which the Court has its seat, or by some other duly authorized person. If the application bears the signature of someone other than such diplomatic representative, the signature must be authenticated by the latter or by the competent authority of the applicant’s foreign ministry.\n4. The Registrar shall forthwith transmit to the respondent a certified copy of the application.\n5. When the applicant State proposes to found the jurisdiction of the Court upon a consent thereto yet to be given or manifested by the State against which such application is made, the application shall be transmitted to that State. It shall not however be entered in the General List, nor any action be taken in the proceedings, unless and until the State against which such application is made consents to the Court’s jurisdiction for the purposes of the case.\n1. When proceedings are brought before the Court by the notification of a special agreement, in conformity with Article 40, paragraph 1, of the Statute, the notification may be effected by the parties jointly or by any one or more of them. If the notification is not a joint one, a certified copy of it shall forthwith be communicated by the Registrar to the other party.\n2. In each case the notification shall be accompanied by an original or certified copy of the special agreement. The notification shall also, in so far as this is not already apparent from the agreement, indicate the precise subject of the dispute and identify the parties to it.\n1. Except in the circumstances contemplated by Article 38, paragraph 5, of these Rules, all steps on behalf of the parties after proceedings have been instituted shall be taken by agents. Agents shall have an address for service at the seat of the Court to which all communications concerning the case are to be sent. Communications addressed to the agents of the parties shall be considered as having been addressed to the parties themselves.\n2. When proceedings are instituted by means of an application, the name of the agent for the applicant shall be stated. The respondent, upon receipt of the certified copy of the application, or as soon as possible thereafter, shall inform the Court of the name of its agent.\n3. When proceedings are brought by notification of a special agreement, the party making the notification shall state the name of its agent. Any other party to the special agreement, upon receiving from the Registrar a certified copy of such notification, or as soon as possible thereafter, shall inform the Court of the name of its agent if it has not already done so.\nThe institution of proceedings by a State which is not a party to the Statute but which, under Article 35, paragraph 2, thereof, has accepted the jurisdiction of the Court by a declaration made in accordance with any resolution adopted by the Security Council under that Article<sup>6</sup>, shall be accompanied by a deposit of the declaration in question, unless the latter has previously been deposited with the Registrar. If any question of the validity or effect of such declaration arises, the Court shall decide.\nThe Registrar shall transmit copies of any application or notification of a special agreement instituting proceedings before the Court to: (a) the Secretary-General of the United Nations; (b) the Members of the United Nations; (c) other States entitled to appear before the Court.\n1. Whenever the construction of a convention to which States other than those concerned in the case are parties may be in question within the meaning of Article 63, paragraph 1, of the Statute, the Court shall consider what directions shall be given to the Registrar in the matter.\n2. Whenever the construction of a convention to which a public international organization is a party may be in question in a case before the Court, the Court shall consider whether the Registrar shall so notify the public international organization concerned. Every public international organization notified by the Registrar may submit its observations on the particular provisions of the convention the construction of which is in question in the case.\n3. If a public international organization sees fit to furnish its observations under paragraph 2 of this Article, the procedure to be followed shall be that provided for in Article 69, paragraph 2, of these Rules.\n1. In the light of the information obtained by the President under Article 31 of these Rules, the Court shall make the necessary orders to determine, inter alia, the number and the order of filing of the pleadings and the time-limits within which they must be filed.\n2. In making an order under paragraph 1 of this Article, any agreement between the parties which does not cause unjustified delay shall be taken into account.\n3. The Court may, at the request of the party concerned, extend any time-limit, or decide that any step taken after the expiration of the time-limit fixed therefor shall be considered as valid, if it is satisfied that there is adequate justification for the request. In either case the other party shall be given an opportunity to state its views.\n4. If the Court is not sitting, its powers under this Article shall be exercised by the President, but without prejudice to any subsequent decision of the Court. If the consultation referred to in Article 31 reveals persistent disagreement between the parties as to the application of Article 45, paragraph 2, or Article 46, paragraph 2, of these Rules, the Court shall be convened to decide the matter.\n1. The pleadings in a case begun by means of an application shall consist, in the following order, of: a Memorial by the applicant; a Counter-Memorial by the respondent.\n2. The Court may authorize or direct that there shall be a Reply by the applicant and a Rejoinder by the respondent if the parties are so agreed, or if the Court decides, proprio motu or at the request of one of the parties, that these pleadings are necessary.\n1. In a case begun by the notification of a special agreement, the number and order of the pleadings shall be governed by the provisions of the agreement, unless the Court, after ascertaining the views of the parties, decides otherwise.\n2. If the special agreement contains no such provision, and if the parties have not subsequently agreed on the number and order of pleadings, they shall each file a Memorial and Counter-Memorial, within the same time-limits. The Court shall not authorize the presentation of Replies unless it finds them to be necessary.\nThe Court may at any time direct that the proceedings in two or more cases be joined. It may also direct that the written or oral proceedings, including the calling of witnesses, be in common; or the Court may, without effecting any formal joinder, direct common action in any of these respects.\nTime-limits for the completion of steps in the proceedings may be fixed by assigning a specified period but shall always indicate definite dates. Such time-limits shall be as short as the character of the case permits.\n1. A Memorial shall contain a statement of the relevant facts, a statement of law, and the submissions.\n2. A Counter-Memorial shall contain: an admission or denial of the facts stated in the Memorial; any additional facts, if necessary; observations concerning the statement of law in the Memorial; a statement of law in answer thereto; and the submissions.\n3. The Reply and Rejoinder, whenever authorized by the Court, shall not merely repeat the parties’ contentions, but shall be directed to bringing out the issues that still divide them.\n4. Every pleading shall set out the party’s submissions at the relevant stage of the case, distinctly from the arguments presented, or shall confirm the submissions previously made.\n1. There shall be annexed to the original of every pleading certified copies of any relevant documents adduced in support of the contentions contained in the pleading.\n2. If only parts of a document are relevant, only such extracts as are necessary for the purpose of the pleading in question need be annexed. A copy of the whole document shall be deposited in the Registry, unless it has been published and is readily available.\n3. A list of all documents annexed to a pleading shall be furnished at the time the pleading is filed.\n1. If the parties are agreed that the written proceedings shall be conducted wholly in one of the two official languages of the Court, the pleadings shall be submitted only in that language. If the parties are not so agreed, any pleading or any part of a pleading shall be submitted in one or other of the official languages.\n2. If in pursuance of Article 39, paragraph 3, of the Statute a language other than French or English is used, a translation into French or English certified as accurate by the party submitting it, shall be attached to the original of each pleading.\n3. When a document annexed to a pleading is not in one of the official languages of the Court, it shall be accompanied by a translation into one of these languages certified by the party submitting it as accurate. The translation may be confined to part of an annex, or to extracts therefrom, but in this case it must be accompanied by an explanatory note indicating what passages are translated. The Court may however require a more extensive or a complete translation to be furnished.\n1. The original of every pleading shall be signed by the agent and filed in the Registry. It shall be accompanied by a certified copy of the pleading, documents annexed, and any translations, for communication to the other party in accordance with Article 43, paragraph 4, of the Statute, and by the number of additional copies required by the Registry, but without prejudice to an increase in that number should the need arise later.\n2. All pleadings shall be dated. When a pleading has to be filed by a certain date, it is the date of the receipt of the pleading in the Registry which will be regarded by the Court as the material date.\n3. The correction of a slip or error in any document which has been filed may be made at any time with the consent of the other party or by leave of the President. Any correction so effected shall be notified to the other party in the same manner as the pleading to which it relates.\n1. The Court, or the President if the Court is not sitting, may at any time decide, after ascertaining the views of the parties, that copies of the pleadings and documents annexed shall be made available to a State entitled to appear before it which has asked to be furnished with such copies.\n2. The Court may, after ascertaining the views of the parties, decide that copies of the pleadings and documents annexed shall be made accessible to the public on or after the opening of the oral proceedings.\n1. Upon the closure of the written proceedings, the case is ready for hearing. The date for the opening of the oral proceedings shall be fixed by the Court, which may also decide, if occasion should arise, that the opening or the continuance of the oral proceedings be postponed.\n2. When fixing the date for, or postponing, the opening of the oral proceedings the Court shall have regard to the priority required by Article 74 of these Rules and to any other special circumstances, including the urgency of a particular case.\n3. When the Court is not sitting, its powers under this Article shall be exercised by the President.\nThe Court may, if it considers it desirable, decide pursuant to Article 22, paragraph 1, of the Statute that all or part of the further proceedings in a case shall be held at a place other than the seat of the Court. Before so deciding, it shall ascertain the views of the parties.\n1. After the closure of the written proceedings, no further documents may be submitted to the Court by either party except with the consent of the other party or as provided in paragraph 2 of this Article. The party desiring to produce a new document shall file the original or a certified copy thereof, together with the number of copies required by the Registry, which shall be responsible for communicating it to the other party and shall inform the Court. The other party shall be held to have given its consent if it does not lodge an objection to the production of the document.\n2. In the absence of consent, the Court, after hearing the parties, may, if it considers the document necessary, authorize its production.\n3. If a new document is produced under paragraph 1 or paragraph 2 of this Article, the other party shall have an opportunity of commenting upon it and of submitting documents in support of its comments.\n4. No reference may be made during the oral proceedings to the contents of any document which has not been produced in accordance with Article 43 of the Statute or this Article, unless the document is part of a publication readily available.\n5. The application of the provisions of this Article shall not in itself constitute a ground for delaying the opening or the course of the oral proceedings.\nWithout prejudice to the provisions of the Rules concerning the production of documents, each party shall communicate to the Registrar, in sufficient time before the opening of the oral proceedings, information regarding any evidence which it intends to produce or which it intends to request the Court to obtain. This communication shall contain a list of the surnames, first names, nationalities, descriptions and places of residence of the witnesses and experts whom the party intends to call, with indications in general terms of the point or points to which their evidence will be directed. A copy of the communication shall also be furnished for transmission to the other party.\n1. The Court shall determine whether the parties should present their arguments before or after the production of the evidence; the parties shall, however, retain the right to comment on the evidence given.\n2. The order in which the parties will be heard, the method of handling the evidence and of examining any witnesses and experts, and the number of counsel and advocates to be heard on behalf of each party, shall be settled by the Court after the views of the parties have been ascertained in accordance with Article 31 of these Rules.\n1. The hearing in Court shall be public, unless the Court shall decide otherwise, or unless the parties demand that the public be not admitted. Such a decision or demand may concern either the whole or part of the hearing, and may be made at any time.\n2. The Court may decide, for health, security or other compelling reasons, to hold a hearing entirely or in part by video link. The parties shall be consulted on the organization of such a hearing.\n1. The oral statements made on behalf of each party shall be as succinct as possible within the limits of what is requisite for the adequate presentation of that party’s contentions at the hearing. Accordingly, they shall be directed to the issues that still divide the parties, and shall not go over the whole ground covered by the pleadings, or merely repeat the facts and arguments these contain.\n2. At the conclusion of the last statement made by a party at the hearing, its agent, without recapitulation of the arguments, shall read that party’s final submissions. A copy of the written text of these, signed by the agent, shall be communicated to the Court and transmitted to the other party.\n1. The Court may at any time prior to or during the hearing indicate any points or issues to which it would like the parties specially to address themselves, or on which it considers that there has been sufficient argument.\n2. The Court may, during the hearing, put questions to the agents, counsel and advocates, and may ask them for explanations.\n3. Each judge has a similar right to put questions, but, before exercising it, should make this intention known to the President, who is made responsible by Article 45 of the Statute for the control of the hearing.\n4. The agents, counsel and advocates may answer either immediately or within a time-limit fixed by the President.\n1. The Court may at any time call upon the parties to produce such evidence or to give such explanations as the Court may consider to be necessary for the elucidation of any aspect of the matters in issue, or may itself seek other information for this purpose.\n2. The Court may, if necessary, arrange for the attendance of a witness or expert to give evidence in the proceedings.\n1. The parties may call any witnesses or experts appearing on the list communicated to the Court pursuant to Article 57 of these Rules. If at any time during the hearing a party wishes to call a witness or expert whose name was not included in that list, it shall so inform the Court and the other party, and shall supply the information required by Article 57. The witness or expert may be called either if the other party makes no objection or if the Court is satisfied that the evidence seems likely to prove relevant.\n2. The Court, or the President if the Court is not sitting, shall, at the request of one of the parties or proprio motu, take the necessary steps for the examination of witnesses otherwise than before the Court itself.\nUnless on account of special circumstances the Court decides on a different form of words,\n(a) every witness shall make the following declaration before giving any evidence:\n“I solemnly declare upon my honour and conscience that I will speak the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth”;\n(b) every expert shall make the following declaration before making any statement:\n“I solemnly declare upon my honour and conscience that I will speak the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, and that my statement will be in accordance with my sincere belief.”\nWitnesses and experts shall be examined by the agents, counsel or advocates of the parties under the control of the President. Questions may be put to them by the President and by the judges. Before testifying, witnesses shall remain out of court.\nThe Court may at any time decide, either proprio motu or at the request of a party, to exercise its functions with regard to the obtaining of evidence at a place or locality to which the case relates, subject to such conditions as the Court may decide upon after ascertaining the views of the parties. The necessary arrangements shall be made in accordance with Article 44 of the Statute.\n1. If the Court considers it necessary to arrange for an enquiry or an expert opinion, it shall, after hearing the parties, issue an order to this effect, defining the subject of the enquiry or expert opinion, stating the number and mode of appointment of the persons to hold the enquiry or of the experts, and laying down the procedure to be followed. Where appropriate, the Court shall require persons appointed to carry out an enquiry, or to give an expert opinion, to make a solemn declaration.\n2. Every report or record of an enquiry and every expert opinion shall be communicated to the parties, which shall be given the opportunity of commenting upon it.\nWitnesses and experts who appear at the instance of the Court under Article 62, paragraph 2, and persons appointed under Article 67, paragraph 1, of these Rules, to carry out an enquiry or to give an expert opinion, shall, where appropriate, be paid out of the funds of the Court.\n1. The Court may, at any time prior to the closure of the oral proceedings, either proprio motu or at the request of one of the parties communicated as provided in Article 57 of these Rules, request a public international organization, pursuant to Article 34 of the Statute, to furnish information relevant to a case before it. The Court, after consulting the chief administrative officer of the organization concerned, shall decide whether such information shall be presented to it orally or in writing, and the time-limits for its presentation.\n2. When a public international organization sees fit to furnish, on its own initiative, information relevant to a case before the Court, it shall do so in the form of a Memorial to be filed in the Registry before the closure of the written proceedings. The Court shall retain the right to require such information to be supplemented, either orally or in writing, in the form of answers to any questions which it may see fit to formulate, and also to authorize the parties to comment, either orally or in writing, on the information thus furnished.\n3. In the circumstances contemplated by Article 34, paragraph 3, of the Statute, the Registrar, on the instructions of the Court, or of the President if the Court is not sitting, shall proceed as prescribed in that paragraph. The Court, or the President if the Court is not sitting, may, as from the date on which the Registrar has communicated copies of the written proceedings and after consulting the chief administrative officer of the public international organization concerned, fix a time-limit within which the organization may submit to the Court its observations in writing. These observations shall be communicated to the parties and may be discussed by them and by the representative of the said organization during the oral proceedings.\n4. In the foregoing paragraphs, the term “public international organization” denotes an international organization of States.\n1. In the absence of any decision to the contrary by the Court, all speeches and statements made and evidence given at the hearing in one of the official languages of the Court shall be interpreted into the other official language. If they are made or given in any other language, they shall be interpreted into the two official languages of the Court.\n2. Whenever, in accordance with Article 39, paragraph 3, of the Statute, a language other than French or English is used, the necessary arrangements for interpretation into one of the two official languages shall be made by the party concerned; however, the Registrar shall make arrangements for the verification of the interpretation provided by a party of evidence given on the party’s behalf. In the case of witnesses or experts who appear at the instance of the Court, arrangements for interpretation shall be made by the Registry.\n3. A party on behalf of which speeches or statements are to be made, or evidence given, in a language which is not one of the official languages of the Court, shall so notify the Registrar in sufficient time for the necessary arrangements to be made.\n4. Before first interpreting in the case, interpreters provided by a party shall make the following declaration in open court:\n“I solemnly declare upon my honour and conscience that my interpretation will be faithful and complete.”\n1. A verbatim record shall be made by the Registrar of every hearing, in the official language of the Court which has been used. When the language used is not one of the two official languages of the Court, the verbatim record shall be prepared in one of the Court’s official languages.\n2. When speeches or statements are made in a language which is not one of the official languages of the Court, the party on behalf of which they are made shall supply to the Registry in advance a text thereof in one of the official languages, and this text shall constitute the relevant part of the verbatim record.\n3. The transcript of the verbatim record shall be preceded by the names of the judges present, and those of the agents, counsel and advocates of the parties.\n4. Copies of the transcript shall be circulated to the judges sitting in the case, and to the parties. The latter may, under the supervision of the Court, correct the transcripts of speeches and statements made on their behalf, but in no case may such corrections affect the sense and bearing thereof. The judges may likewise make corrections in the transcript of anything they may have said.\n5. Witnesses and experts shall be shown that part of the transcript which relates to the evidence given, or the statements made by them, and may correct it in like manner as the parties.\n6. One certified true copy of the eventual corrected transcript, signed by the President and the Registrar, shall constitute the authentic minutes of the sitting for the purpose of Article 47 of the Statute. The minutes of public hearings shall be printed and published by the Court.\nAny written reply by a party to a question put under Article 61, or any evidence or explanation supplied by a party under Article 62 of these Rules, received by the Court after the closure of the oral proceedings, shall be communicated to the other party, which shall be given the opportunity of commenting upon it. If necessary the oral proceedings may be reopened for that purpose."} | |
| {"key": "rules:section_4", "title": "SECTION D. INCIDENTAL PROCEEDINGS", "level": "section", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. A written request for the indication of provisional measures may be made by a party at any time during the course of the proceedings in the case in connection with which the request is made.\n2. The request shall specify the reasons therefor, the possible consequences if it is not granted, and the measures requested. A certified copy shall forthwith be transmitted by the Registrar to the other party.\n1. A request for the indication of provisional measures shall have priority over all other cases.\n2. The Court, if it is not sitting when the request is made, shall be convened forthwith for the purpose of proceeding to a decision on the request as a matter of urgency.\n3. The Court, or the President if the Court is not sitting, shall fix a date for a hearing which will afford the parties an opportunity of being represented at it. The Court shall receive and take into account any observations that may be presented to it before the closure of the oral proceedings.\n4. Pending the meeting of the Court, the President may call upon the parties to act in such a way as will enable any order the Court may make on the request for provisional measures to have its appropriate effects.\n1. The Court may at any time decide to examine proprio motu whether the circumstances of the case require the indication of provisional measures which ought to be taken or complied with by any or all of the parties.\n2. When a request for provisional measures has been made, the Court may indicate measures that are in whole or in part other than those requested, or that ought to be taken or complied with by the party which has itself made the request.\n3. The rejection of a request for the indication of provisional measures shall not prevent the party which made it from making a fresh request in the same case based on new facts.\n1. At the request of a party or proprio motu, the Court may, at any time before the final judgment in the case, revoke or modify any decision concerning provisional measures if, in its opinion, some change in the situation justifies such revocation or modification.\n2. Any application by a party proposing such a revocation or modification shall specify the change in the situation considered to be relevant.\n3. Before taking any decision under paragraph 1 of this Article the Court shall afford the parties an opportunity of presenting their observations on the subject.\nAny measures indicated by the Court under Articles 73 and 75 of these Rules, and any decision taken by the Court under Article 76, paragraph 1, of these Rules, shall forthwith be communicated to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for transmission to the Security Council in pursuance of Article 41, paragraph 2, of the Statute.\n1. The Court may request that the parties shall submit reports to it on measures they have taken to give effect to an Order indicating provisional measures, within a time-limit specified by the Court. The Court may also request information on other matters connected with any provisional measure it has indicated.\n2. Where the Court requests the submission of a report pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article, it shall, after ascertaining the views of the parties, make the report or parts thereof accessible to the public as soon as possible, unless, in case of an objection by a party, it decides otherwise.\n1. Pleadings with respect to preliminary questions, or objections filed pursuant to Article 79, paragraph 2, or Article 79bis, paragraphs 1 and 3, shall be confined to those matters that are relevant to the preliminary questions or objections.\n2. Unless otherwise decided by the Court, the further proceedings shall be oral.\n3. The Court, whenever necessary, may request the parties to argue all questions of law and fact, and to adduce all evidence, which bear on the preliminary questions or objections.\n4. After hearing the parties, the Court shall decide upon a preliminary question or uphold or reject a preliminary objection. The Court may however declare that, in the circumstances of the case, a question or objection does not possess an exclusively preliminary character.\n5. The Court shall give its decision in the form of a judgment. If the judgment does not dispose of the case, the Court shall fix time-limits for the further proceedings.\n1. The Court may entertain a counter-claim only if it comes within the jurisdiction of the Court and is directly connected with the subject-matter of the claim of the other party.\n2. A counter-claim shall be made in the Counter-Memorial and shall appear as part of the submissions contained therein. The right of the other party to present its views in writing on the counter-claim, in an additional pleading, shall be preserved, irrespective of any decision of the Court, in accordance with Article 45, paragraph 2, of these Rules, concerning the filing of further written pleadings.\n3. Where an objection is raised concerning the application of paragraph 1 or whenever the Court deems necessary, the Court shall take its decision thereon after hearing the parties.\n1.An application for permission to intervene under the terms of Article 62 of the Statute, signed in the manner provided for in Article 38, paragraph 3, of these Rules, shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the Counter Memorial.\n2. If the Court has authorized further written pleadings either under Article 45, paragraph 2, or under Article 46, paragraph 2, or if a counter claim has been made in accordance with Article 80, paragraph 2, of these Rules, an application for permission to intervene shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the last written pleading.\n3. If and to the extent that an application for permission to intervene concerns preliminary objections, it shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the written statement of observations and submissions on the preliminary objections.\n4. In exceptional circumstances, an application submitted later may however be admitted.\n5. The application shall state the name of an agent. It shall specify the case to which it relates, and shall set out:\n(a) the interest of a legal nature which the State applying to intervene considers may be affected by the decision in that case;\n(b)the precise object of the intervention;\n(c)any basis of jurisdiction which is claimed to exist as between the State applying to intervene and the parties to the case.\n6. The application shall contain a list of the documents in support, which documents shall be attached.\n1. A State which desires to avail itself of the right of intervention conferred upon it by Article 63 of the Statute shall file a declaration to that effect, signed in the manner provided for in Article 38, paragraph 3, of these Rules. Such a declaration shall be filed as soon as possible, and no later than the date fixed for the filing of the Counter Memorial.\n2. If the Court has authorized further written pleadings either under Article 45, paragraph 2, or under Article 46, paragraph 2, or if a counter claim has been made in accordance with Article 80, paragraph 2, of these Rules, a declaration of intervention shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the last written pleading.\n3. If and to the extent that a declaration of intervention concerns preliminary objections, it shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the written statement of observations and submissions on the preliminary objections.\n4. In exceptional circumstances a declaration submitted later may however be admitted.\n5. The declaration shall state the name of an agent. It shall specify the case and the convention to which it relates and shall contain:\n(a)particulars of the basis on which the declarant State considers itself a party to the convention;\n(b)identification of the particular provisions of the convention the construction of which it considers to be in question;\n(c)a statement of the construction of those provisions for which it contends;\n(d)a list of the documents in support, which documents shall be attached.\n6. Such a declaration may be filed by a State that considers itself a party to the convention, the construction of which is in question but has not received the notification referred to in Article 63 of the Statute.\n1. Certified copies of the application for permission to intervene under Article 62 of the Statute, or of the declaration of intervention under Article 63 of the Statute, shall be communicated forthwith to the parties to the case, which shall be invited to furnish their written observations within a time-limit to be fixed by the Court or by the President if the Court is not sitting.\n2. The Registrar shall also transmit copies to: (a) the Secretary-General of the United Nations; (b) the Members of the United Nations; (c) other States entitled to appear before the Court; (d) any other States which have been notified under Article 63 of the Statute.\n1. The Court shall decide whether an application for permission to intervene under Article 62 of the Statute should be granted, and whether an intervention under Article 63 of the Statute is admissible, as a matter of priority unless in view of the circumstances of the case the Court shall otherwise determine.\n2. If, within the time-limit fixed under Article 83 of these Rules, an objection is filed to an application for permission to intervene, or to the admissibility of a declaration of intervention, the Court shall hear the State seeking to intervene and the parties before deciding.\n1. If an application for permission to intervene under Article 62 of the Statute is granted, the intervening State shall be supplied with copies of the pleadings and documents annexed and shall be entitled to submit a written statement within a time-limit to be fixed by the Court. A further time-limit shall be fixed within which the parties may, if they so desire, furnish their written observations on that statement prior to the oral proceedings. If the Court is not sitting, these time-limits shall be fixed by the President.\n2. The time-limits fixed according to the preceding paragraph shall, so far as possible, coincide with those already fixed for the pleadings in the case.\n3. The intervening State shall be entitled, in the course of the oral proceedings, to submit its observations with respect to the subject-matter of the intervention.\n1. If an intervention under Article 63 of the Statute is admitted, the intervening State shall be furnished with copies of the pleadings and documents annexed, and shall be entitled, within a time-limit to be fixed by the Court, or by the President if the Court is not sitting, to submit its written observations on the subject-matter of the intervention.\n2. These observations shall be communicated to the parties and to any other State admitted to intervene. The intervening State may also submit its observations with respect to the subject-matter of the intervention in the course of the oral proceedings, unless the Court decides otherwise.\n1. When in accordance with a treaty or convention in force a contentious case is brought before the Court concerning a matter which has been the subject of proceedings before some other international body, the provisions of the Statute and of the Rules governing contentious cases shall apply.\n2. The application instituting proceedings shall identify the decision or other act of the international body concerned and a copy thereof shall be annexed; it shall contain a precise statement of the questions raised in regard to that decision or act, which constitute the subject of the dispute referred to the Court.\n1. If at any time before the final judgment on the merits has been delivered the parties, either jointly or separately, notify the Court in writing that they have agreed to discontinue the proceedings, the Court shall make an order recording the discontinuance and directing that the case be removed from the list.\n2. If the parties have agreed to discontinue the proceedings in consequence of having reached a settlement of the dispute and if they so desire, the Court may record this fact in the order for the removal of the case from the list, or indicate in, or annex to, the order, the terms of the settlement.\n3. If the Court is not sitting, any order under this Article may be made by the President.\n1. If in the course of proceedings instituted by means of an application, the applicant informs the Court in writing that it is not going on with the proceedings, and if, at the date on which this communication is received by the Registry, the respondent has not yet taken any step in the proceedings, the Court shall make an order officially recording the discontinuance of the proceedings and directing the removal of the case from the list. A copy of this order shall be sent by the Registrar to the respondent.\n2. If, at the time when the notice of discontinuance is received, the respondent has already taken some step in the proceedings, the Court shall fix a time-limit within which the respondent may state whether it opposes the discontinuance of the proceedings. If no objection is made to the discontinuance before the expiration of the time-limit, acquiescence will be presumed and the Court shall make an order officially recording the discontinuance of the proceedings and directing the removal of the case from the list. If objection is made, the proceedings shall continue.\n3. If the Court is not sitting, its powers under this Article may be exercised by the President."} | |
| {"key": "rules:section_5", "title": "SECTION E. PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE CHAMBERS", "level": "section", "instrument": "rules", "text": "Proceedings before the Chambers mentioned in Articles 26 and 29 of the Statute shall, subject to the provisions of the Statute and of these Rules relating specifically to the Chambers, be governed by the provisions of Parts I to III of these Rules applicable in contentious cases before the Court.\n1. When it is desired that a case should be dealt with by one of the Chambers which has been formed in pursuance of Article 26, paragraph 1, or Article 29 of the Statute, a request to this effect shall either be made in the document instituting the proceedings or accompany it. Effect will be given to the request if the parties are in agreement.\n2. Upon receipt by the Registry of this request, the President of the Court shall communicate it to the members of the chamber concerned and shall take such steps as may be necessary to give effect to the provisions of Article 31, paragraph 4, of the Statute.\n3. The President of the Court shall convene the Chamber at the earliest date compatible with the requirements of the procedure.\n1. Written proceedings in a case before a Chamber shall consist of a single pleading by each side. In proceedings begun by means of an application, the pleadings shall be delivered within successive time-limits. In proceedings begun by the notification of a special agreement, the pleadings shall be delivered within the same time-limits, unless the parties have agreed on successive delivery of their pleadings. The time-limits referred to in this paragraph shall be fixed by the Court, or by the President if the Court is not sitting, in consultation with the Chamber concerned if it is already constituted.\n2. The Chamber may authorize or direct that further pleadings be filed if the parties are so agreed, or if the Chamber decides, proprio motu or at the request of one of the parties, that such pleadings are necessary.\n3. Oral proceedings shall take place unless the parties agree to dispense with them, and the Chamber consents. Even when no oral proceedings take place, the Chamber may call upon the parties to supply information or furnish explanations orally.\nJudgments given by a Chamber shall be read at a public sitting of that Chamber."} | |
| {"key": "rules:section_6", "title": "SECTION F. JUDGMENTS, INTERPRETATION AND REVISION", "level": "section", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. When the Court has completed its deliberations and adopted its judgment, the parties shall be notified of the date on which it will be read.\n2. The judgment shall be read at a public sitting of the Court. The Court may decide, for health, security or other compelling reasons, that the judgment shall be read at a sitting of the Court accessible to the parties and the public by video link. The judgment shall become binding on the parties on the day of the reading.\n1. The judgment, which shall state whether it is given by the Court or by a Chamber, shall contain:\nthe date on which it is read;\nthe names of the judges participating in it;\nthe names of the parties;\nthe names of the agents, counsel and advocates of the parties;\na summary of the proceedings;\nthe submissions of the parties;\na statement of the facts;\nthe reasons in point of law;\nthe operative provisions of the judgment;\nthe decision, if any, in regard to costs;\nthe number and names of the judges constituting the majority;\na statement as to the text of the judgment which is authoritative.\n2. Any judge who so desires may attach an individual opinion to the judgment, whether dissenting from the majority or not; a judge who wishes to record concurrence or dissent without stating reasons may do so in the form of a declaration. The same shall also apply to orders made by the Court.\n3. One copy of the judgment duly signed and sealed, shall be placed in the archives of the Court and another shall be transmitted to each of the parties. Copies shall be sent by the Registrar to: (a) the Secretary-General of the United Nations; (b) the Members of the United Nations; (c) other Sates entitled to appear before the Court.\nWhen by reason of an agreement reached between the parties, the written and oral proceedings have been conducted in one of the Court’s two official languages, and pursuant to Article 39, paragraph 1, of the Statute the judgment is to be delivered in that language, the text of the judgment in that language shall be the authoritative text.\nIf the Court, under Article 64 of the Statute, decides that all or part of a party’s costs shall be paid by the other party, it may make an order for the purpose of giving effect to that decision.\n1. In the event of dispute as to the meaning or scope of a judgment any party may make a request for its interpretation, whether the original proceedings were begun by an application or by the notification of a special agreement.\n2. A request for the interpretation of a judgment may be made either by an application or by the notification of a special agreement to that effect between the parties; the precise point or points in dispute as to the meaning or scope of the judgment shall be indicated.\n3. If the request for interpretation is made by an application, the requesting party’s contentions shall be set out therein, and the other party shall be entitled to file written observations thereon within a time-limit fixed by the Court, or by the President if the Court is not sitting.\n4. Whether the request is made by an application or by notification of a special agreement, the Court may, if necessary, afford the parties the opportunity of furnishing further written or oral explanations.\n1. A request for the revision of a judgment shall be made by an application containing the particulars necessary to show that the conditions specified in Article 61 of the Statute are fulfilled. Any documents in support of the application shall be annexed to it.\n2. The other party shall be entitled to file written observations on the admissibility of the application within a time-limit fixed by the Court, or by the President if the Court is not sitting. These observations shall be communicated to the party making the application.\n3. The Court, before giving its judgment on the admissibility of the application may afford the parties a further opportunity of presenting their views thereon.\n4. If the Court finds that the application is admissible it shall fix time-limits for such further proceedings on the merits of the application as, after ascertaining the views of the parties, it considers necessary.\n5. If the Court decides to make the admission of the proceedings in revision conditional on previous compliance with the judgment, it shall make an order accordingly.\n1. If the judgment to be revised or to be interpreted was given by the Court, the request for its revision or interpretation shall be dealt with by the Court. If the judgment was given by a Chamber, the request for its revision or interpretation shall be dealt with by that Chamber.\n2. The decision of the Court, or of the Chamber, on a request for interpretation or revision of a judgment shall itself be given in the form of a judgment."} | |
| {"key": "rules:section_7", "title": "SECTION G. MODIFICATIONS PROPOSED BY THE PARTIES", "level": "section", "instrument": "rules", "text": "The parties to a case may jointly propose particular modifications or additions to the rules contained in the present Part (with the exception of Articles 93 to 97 inclusive), which may be applied by the Court or by a Chamber if the Court or the Chamber considers them appropriate in the circumstances of the case."} | |
| {"key": "rules:subsection_1", "title": "Subsection 1. Judgments", "level": "subsection", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. When the Court has completed its deliberations and adopted its judgment, the parties shall be notified of the date on which it will be read.\n2. The judgment shall be read at a public sitting of the Court. The Court may decide, for health, security or other compelling reasons, that the judgment shall be read at a sitting of the Court accessible to the parties and the public by video link. The judgment shall become binding on the parties on the day of the reading.\n1. The judgment, which shall state whether it is given by the Court or by a Chamber, shall contain:\nthe date on which it is read;\nthe names of the judges participating in it;\nthe names of the parties;\nthe names of the agents, counsel and advocates of the parties;\na summary of the proceedings;\nthe submissions of the parties;\na statement of the facts;\nthe reasons in point of law;\nthe operative provisions of the judgment;\nthe decision, if any, in regard to costs;\nthe number and names of the judges constituting the majority;\na statement as to the text of the judgment which is authoritative.\n2. Any judge who so desires may attach an individual opinion to the judgment, whether dissenting from the majority or not; a judge who wishes to record concurrence or dissent without stating reasons may do so in the form of a declaration. The same shall also apply to orders made by the Court.\n3. One copy of the judgment duly signed and sealed, shall be placed in the archives of the Court and another shall be transmitted to each of the parties. Copies shall be sent by the Registrar to: (a) the Secretary-General of the United Nations; (b) the Members of the United Nations; (c) other Sates entitled to appear before the Court.\nWhen by reason of an agreement reached between the parties, the written and oral proceedings have been conducted in one of the Court’s two official languages, and pursuant to Article 39, paragraph 1, of the Statute the judgment is to be delivered in that language, the text of the judgment in that language shall be the authoritative text.\nIf the Court, under Article 64 of the Statute, decides that all or part of a party’s costs shall be paid by the other party, it may make an order for the purpose of giving effect to that decision."} | |
| {"key": "rules:subsection_2", "title": "Subsection 2. Requests for the Interpretation orRevision of a Judgment", "level": "subsection", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. In the event of dispute as to the meaning or scope of a judgment any party may make a request for its interpretation, whether the original proceedings were begun by an application or by the notification of a special agreement.\n2. A request for the interpretation of a judgment may be made either by an application or by the notification of a special agreement to that effect between the parties; the precise point or points in dispute as to the meaning or scope of the judgment shall be indicated.\n3. If the request for interpretation is made by an application, the requesting party’s contentions shall be set out therein, and the other party shall be entitled to file written observations thereon within a time-limit fixed by the Court, or by the President if the Court is not sitting.\n4. Whether the request is made by an application or by notification of a special agreement, the Court may, if necessary, afford the parties the opportunity of furnishing further written or oral explanations.\n1. A request for the revision of a judgment shall be made by an application containing the particulars necessary to show that the conditions specified in Article 61 of the Statute are fulfilled. Any documents in support of the application shall be annexed to it.\n2. The other party shall be entitled to file written observations on the admissibility of the application within a time-limit fixed by the Court, or by the President if the Court is not sitting. These observations shall be communicated to the party making the application.\n3. The Court, before giving its judgment on the admissibility of the application may afford the parties a further opportunity of presenting their views thereon.\n4. If the Court finds that the application is admissible it shall fix time-limits for such further proceedings on the merits of the application as, after ascertaining the views of the parties, it considers necessary.\n5. If the Court decides to make the admission of the proceedings in revision conditional on previous compliance with the judgment, it shall make an order accordingly.\n1. If the judgment to be revised or to be interpreted was given by the Court, the request for its revision or interpretation shall be dealt with by the Court. If the judgment was given by a Chamber, the request for its revision or interpretation shall be dealt with by that Chamber.\n2. The decision of the Court, or of the Chamber, on a request for interpretation or revision of a judgment shall itself be given in the form of a judgment."} | |
| {"key": "rules:subsection_3", "title": "Subsection 3. Counter-Claims", "level": "subsection", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. The Court may entertain a counter-claim only if it comes within the jurisdiction of the Court and is directly connected with the subject-matter of the claim of the other party.\n2. A counter-claim shall be made in the Counter-Memorial and shall appear as part of the submissions contained therein. The right of the other party to present its views in writing on the counter-claim, in an additional pleading, shall be preserved, irrespective of any decision of the Court, in accordance with Article 45, paragraph 2, of these Rules, concerning the filing of further written pleadings.\n3. Where an objection is raised concerning the application of paragraph 1 or whenever the Court deems necessary, the Court shall take its decision thereon after hearing the parties."} | |
| {"key": "rules:subsection_4", "title": "Subsection 4. Intervention", "level": "subsection", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1.An application for permission to intervene under the terms of Article 62 of the Statute, signed in the manner provided for in Article 38, paragraph 3, of these Rules, shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the Counter Memorial.\n2. If the Court has authorized further written pleadings either under Article 45, paragraph 2, or under Article 46, paragraph 2, or if a counter claim has been made in accordance with Article 80, paragraph 2, of these Rules, an application for permission to intervene shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the last written pleading.\n3. If and to the extent that an application for permission to intervene concerns preliminary objections, it shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the written statement of observations and submissions on the preliminary objections.\n4. In exceptional circumstances, an application submitted later may however be admitted.\n5. The application shall state the name of an agent. It shall specify the case to which it relates, and shall set out:\n(a) the interest of a legal nature which the State applying to intervene considers may be affected by the decision in that case;\n(b)the precise object of the intervention;\n(c)any basis of jurisdiction which is claimed to exist as between the State applying to intervene and the parties to the case.\n6. The application shall contain a list of the documents in support, which documents shall be attached.\n1. A State which desires to avail itself of the right of intervention conferred upon it by Article 63 of the Statute shall file a declaration to that effect, signed in the manner provided for in Article 38, paragraph 3, of these Rules. Such a declaration shall be filed as soon as possible, and no later than the date fixed for the filing of the Counter Memorial.\n2. If the Court has authorized further written pleadings either under Article 45, paragraph 2, or under Article 46, paragraph 2, or if a counter claim has been made in accordance with Article 80, paragraph 2, of these Rules, a declaration of intervention shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the last written pleading.\n3. If and to the extent that a declaration of intervention concerns preliminary objections, it shall be filed as soon as possible, and not later than the date fixed for the filing of the written statement of observations and submissions on the preliminary objections.\n4. In exceptional circumstances a declaration submitted later may however be admitted.\n5. The declaration shall state the name of an agent. It shall specify the case and the convention to which it relates and shall contain:\n(a)particulars of the basis on which the declarant State considers itself a party to the convention;\n(b)identification of the particular provisions of the convention the construction of which it considers to be in question;\n(c)a statement of the construction of those provisions for which it contends;\n(d)a list of the documents in support, which documents shall be attached.\n6. Such a declaration may be filed by a State that considers itself a party to the convention, the construction of which is in question but has not received the notification referred to in Article 63 of the Statute.\n1. Certified copies of the application for permission to intervene under Article 62 of the Statute, or of the declaration of intervention under Article 63 of the Statute, shall be communicated forthwith to the parties to the case, which shall be invited to furnish their written observations within a time-limit to be fixed by the Court or by the President if the Court is not sitting.\n2. The Registrar shall also transmit copies to: (a) the Secretary-General of the United Nations; (b) the Members of the United Nations; (c) other States entitled to appear before the Court; (d) any other States which have been notified under Article 63 of the Statute.\n1. The Court shall decide whether an application for permission to intervene under Article 62 of the Statute should be granted, and whether an intervention under Article 63 of the Statute is admissible, as a matter of priority unless in view of the circumstances of the case the Court shall otherwise determine.\n2. If, within the time-limit fixed under Article 83 of these Rules, an objection is filed to an application for permission to intervene, or to the admissibility of a declaration of intervention, the Court shall hear the State seeking to intervene and the parties before deciding.\n1. If an application for permission to intervene under Article 62 of the Statute is granted, the intervening State shall be supplied with copies of the pleadings and documents annexed and shall be entitled to submit a written statement within a time-limit to be fixed by the Court. A further time-limit shall be fixed within which the parties may, if they so desire, furnish their written observations on that statement prior to the oral proceedings. If the Court is not sitting, these time-limits shall be fixed by the President.\n2. The time-limits fixed according to the preceding paragraph shall, so far as possible, coincide with those already fixed for the pleadings in the case.\n3. The intervening State shall be entitled, in the course of the oral proceedings, to submit its observations with respect to the subject-matter of the intervention.\n1. If an intervention under Article 63 of the Statute is admitted, the intervening State shall be furnished with copies of the pleadings and documents annexed, and shall be entitled, within a time-limit to be fixed by the Court, or by the President if the Court is not sitting, to submit its written observations on the subject-matter of the intervention.\n2. These observations shall be communicated to the parties and to any other State admitted to intervene. The intervening State may also submit its observations with respect to the subject-matter of the intervention in the course of the oral proceedings, unless the Court decides otherwise."} | |
| {"key": "rules:subsection_5", "title": "Subsection 5. Special Reference to the Court", "level": "subsection", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. When in accordance with a treaty or convention in force a contentious case is brought before the Court concerning a matter which has been the subject of proceedings before some other international body, the provisions of the Statute and of the Rules governing contentious cases shall apply.\n2. The application instituting proceedings shall identify the decision or other act of the international body concerned and a copy thereof shall be annexed; it shall contain a precise statement of the questions raised in regard to that decision or act, which constitute the subject of the dispute referred to the Court."} | |
| {"key": "rules:subsection_6", "title": "Subsection 6. Discontinuance", "level": "subsection", "instrument": "rules", "text": "1. If at any time before the final judgment on the merits has been delivered the parties, either jointly or separately, notify the Court in writing that they have agreed to discontinue the proceedings, the Court shall make an order recording the discontinuance and directing that the case be removed from the list.\n2. If the parties have agreed to discontinue the proceedings in consequence of having reached a settlement of the dispute and if they so desire, the Court may record this fact in the order for the removal of the case from the list, or indicate in, or annex to, the order, the terms of the settlement.\n3. If the Court is not sitting, any order under this Article may be made by the President.\n1. If in the course of proceedings instituted by means of an application, the applicant informs the Court in writing that it is not going on with the proceedings, and if, at the date on which this communication is received by the Registry, the respondent has not yet taken any step in the proceedings, the Court shall make an order officially recording the discontinuance of the proceedings and directing the removal of the case from the list. A copy of this order shall be sent by the Registrar to the respondent.\n2. If, at the time when the notice of discontinuance is received, the respondent has already taken some step in the proceedings, the Court shall fix a time-limit within which the respondent may state whether it opposes the discontinuance of the proceedings. If no objection is made to the discontinuance before the expiration of the time-limit, acquiescence will be presumed and the Court shall make an order officially recording the discontinuance of the proceedings and directing the removal of the case from the list. If objection is made, the proceedings shall continue.\n3. If the Court is not sitting, its powers under this Article may be exercised by the President."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_1", "title": "Article 1", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "The International Court of Justice established by the Charter of the United Nations as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations shall be constituted and shall function in accordance with the provisions of the present Statute."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_10", "title": "Article 10", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. Those candidates who obtain an absolute majority of votes in the General Assembly and in the Security Council shall be considered as elected.\n2. Any vote of the Security Council, whether for the election of judges or for the appointment of members of the conference envisaged in Article 12, shall be taken without any distinction between permanent and non-permanent members of the Security Council.\n3. In the event of more than one national of the same state obtaining an absolute majority of the votes both of the General Assembly and of the Security Council, the eldest of these only shall be considered as elected."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_11", "title": "Article 11", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "If, after the first meeting held for the purpose of the election, one or more seats remain to be filled, a second and, if necessary, a third meeting shall take place."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_12", "title": "Article 12", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. If, after the third meeting, one or more seats still remain unfilled, a joint conference consisting of six members, three appointed by the General Assembly and three by the Security Council, may be formed at any time at the request of either the General Assembly or the Security Council, for the purpose of choosing by the vote of an absolute majority one name for each seat still vacant, to submit to the General Assembly and the Security Council for their respective acceptance.\n2. If the joint conference is unanimously agreed upon any person who fulfills the required conditions, he may be included in its list, even though he was not included in the list of nominations referred to in Article 7.\n3. If the joint conference is satisfied that it will not be successful in procuring an election, those members of the Court who have already been elected shall, within a period to be fixed by the Security Council, proceed to fill the vacant seats by selection from among those candidates who have obtained votes either in the General Assembly or in the Security Council.\n4. In the event of an equality of votes among the judges, the eldest judge shall have a casting vote."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_120", "title": null, "level": null, "instrument": "statute", "text": ""} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_13", "title": "Article 13", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The members of the Court shall be elected for nine years and may be re-elected; provided, however, that of the judges elected at the first election, the terms of five judges shall expire at the end of three years and the terms of five more judges shall expire at the end of six years.\n2. The judges whose terms are to expire at the end of the above-mentioned initial periods of three and six years shall be chosen by lot to be drawn by the Secretary-General immediately after the first election has been completed.\n3. The members of the Court shall continue to discharge their duties until their places have been filled. Though replaced, they shall finish any cases which they may have begun.\n4. In the case of the resignation of a member of the Court, the resignation shall be addressed to the President of the Court for transmission to the Secretary-General. This last notification makes the place vacant."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_14", "title": "Article 14", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "Vacancies shall be filled by the same method as that laid down for the first election, subject to the following provision: the Secretary-General shall, within one month of the occurrence of the vacancy, proceed to issue the invitations provided for in Article 5, and the date of the election shall be fixed by the Security Council."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_15", "title": "Article 15", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "A member of the Court elected to replace a member whose term of office has not expired shall hold office for the remainder of his predecessor's term."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_16", "title": "Article 16", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. No member of the Court may exercise any political or administrative function, or engage in any other occupation of a professional nature.\n2. Any doubt on this point shall be settled by the decision of the Court."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_17", "title": "Article 17", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. No member of the Court may act as agent, counsel, or advocate in any case.\n2. No member may participate in the decision of any case in which he has previously taken part as agent, counsel, or advocate for one of the parties, or as a member of a national or international court, or of a commission of enquiry, or in any other capacity.\n3. Any doubt on this point shall be settled by the decision of the Court."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_18", "title": "Article 18", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. No member of the Court can be dismissed unless, in the unanimous opinion of the other members, he has ceased to fulfill the required conditions.\n2. Formal notification thereof shall be made to the Secretary-General by the Registrar.\n3. This notification makes the place vacant."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_19", "title": "Article 19", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "The members of the Court, when engaged on the business of the Court, shall enjoy diplomatic privileges and immunities."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_2", "title": "Article 2", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "The Court shall be composed of a body of independent judges, elected regardless of their nationality from among persons of high moral character, who possess the qualifications required in their respective countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices, or are jurisconsults of recognized competence in international law."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_20", "title": "Article 20", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "Every member of the Court shall, before taking up his duties, make a solemn declaration in open court that he will exercise his powers impartially and conscientiously."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_21", "title": "Article 21", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The Court shall elect its President and Vice-President for three years; they may be re-elected.\n2. The Court shall appoint its Registrar and may provide for the appointment of such other officers as may be necessary."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_22", "title": "Article 22", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The seat of the Court shall be established at The Hague. This, however, shall not prevent the Court from sitting and exercising its functions elsewhere whenever the Court considers it desirable.\n2. The President and the Registrar shall reside at the seat of the Court."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_23", "title": "Article 23", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The Court shall remain permanently in session, except during the judicial vacations, the dates and duration of which shall be fixed by the Court.\n2. Members of the Court are entitled to periodic leave, the dates and duration of which shall be fixed by the Court, having in mind the distance between The Hague and the home of each judge.\n3. Members of the Court shall be bound, unless they are on leave or prevented from attending by illness or other serious reasons duly explained to the President, to hold themselves permanently at the disposal of the Court."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_24", "title": "Article 24", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. If, for some special reason, a member of the Court considers that he should not take part in the decision of a particular case, he shall so inform the President.\n2. If the President considers that for some special reason one of the members of the Court should not sit in a particular case, he shall give him notice accordingly.\n3. If in any such case the member of the Court and the President disagree, the matter shall be settled by the decision of the Court."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_25", "title": "Article 25", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The full Court shall sit except when it is expressly provided otherwise in the present Statute.\n2. Subject to the condition that the number of judges available to constitute the Court is not thereby reduced below eleven, the Rules of the Court may provide for allowing one or more judges, according to circumstances and in rotation, to be dispensed from sitting.\n3. A quorum of nine judges shall suffice to constitute the Court."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_26", "title": "Article 26", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The Court may from time to time form one or more chambers, composed of three or more judges as the Court may determine, for dealing with particular categories of cases; for example, labour cases and cases relating to transit and communications.\n2. The Court may at any time form a chamber for dealing with a particular case. The number of judges to constitute such a chamber shall be determined by the Court with the approval of the parties.\n3. Cases shall be heard and determined by the chambers provided for in this article if the parties so request."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_27", "title": "Article 27", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "A judgment given by any of the chambers provided for in Articles 26 and 29 shall be considered as rendered by the Court."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_28", "title": "Article 28", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "The chambers provided for in Articles 26 and 29 may, with the consent of the parties, sit and exercise their functions elsewhere than at The Hague."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_29", "title": "Article 29", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "With a view to the speedy dispatch of business, the Court shall form annually a chamber composed of five judges which, at the request of the parties, may hear and determine cases by summary procedure. In addition, two judges shall be selected for the purpose of replacing judges who find it impossible to sit."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_3", "title": "Article 3", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The Court shall consist of fifteen Members, no two of whom may be nationals of the same State.\n2. A person who for the purposes of membership in the Court could be regarded as a national of more than one State shall be deemed to be a national of the one in which he ordinarily exercises civil and political rights."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_30", "title": "Article 30", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The Court shall frame rules for carrying out its functions. In particular, it shall lay down rules of procedure.\n2. The Rules of the Court may provide for assessors to sit with the Court or with any of its chambers, without the right to vote."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_31", "title": "Article 31", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. Judges of the nationality of each of the parties shall retain their right to sit in the case before the Court.\n2. If the Court includes upon the Bench a judge of the nationality of one of the parties, any other party may choose a person to sit as judge. Such person shall be chosen preferably from among those persons who have been nominated as candidates as provided in Articles 4 and 5.\n3. If the Court includes upon the Bench no judge of the nationality of the parties, each of these parties may proceed to choose a judge as provided in paragraph 2 of this Article.\n4. The provisions of this Article shall apply to the case of Articles 26 and 29. In such cases, the President shall request one or, if necessary, two of the members of the Court forming the chamber to give place to the members of the Court of the nationality of the parties concerned, and, failing such, or if they are unable to be present, to the judges specially chosen by the parties.\n5. Should there be several parties in the same interest, they shall, for the purpose of the preceding provisions, be reckoned as one party only. Any doubt upon this point shall be settled by the decision of the Court.\n6. Judges chosen as laid down in paragraphs 2, 3, and 4 of this Article shall fulfill the conditions required by Articles 2, 17 (paragraph 2), 20, and 24 of the present Statute. They shall take part in the decision on terms of complete equality with their colleagues."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_32", "title": "Article 32", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. Each member of the Court shall receive an annual salary.\n2. The President shall receive a special annual allowance.\n3. The Vice-President shall receive a special allowance for every day on which he acts as President.\n4. The judges chosen under Article 31, other than members of the Court, shall receive compensation for each day on which they exercise their functions.\n5. These salaries, allowances, and compensation shall be fixed by the General Assembly. They may not be decreased during the term of office.\n6. The salary of the Registrar shall be fixed by the General Assembly on the proposal of the Court.\n7. Regulations made by the General Assembly shall fix the conditions under which retirement pensions may be given to members of the Court and to the Registrar, and the conditions under which members of the Court and the Registrar shall have their travelling expenses refunded.\n8. The above salaries, allowances, and compensation shall be free of all taxation."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_33", "title": "Article 33", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "The expenses of the Court shall be borne by the United Nations in such a manner as shall be decided by the General Assembly."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_34", "title": "Article 34", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. Only states may be parties in cases before the Court.\n2. The Court, subject to and in conformity with its Rules, may request of public international organizations information relevant to cases before it, and shall receive such information presented by such organizations on their own initiative.\n3. Whenever the construction of the constituent instrument of a public international organization or of an international convention adopted thereunder is in question in a case before the Court, the Registrar shall so notify the public international organization concerned and shall communicate to it copies of all the written proceedings."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_35", "title": "Article 35", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The Court shall be open to the states parties to the present Statute.\n2. The conditions under which the Court shall be open to other states shall, subject to the special provisions contained in treaties in force, be laid down by the Security Council, but in no case shall such conditions place the parties in a position of inequality before the Court.\n3. When a state which is not a Member of the United Nations is a party to a case, the Court shall fix the amount which that party is to contribute towards the expenses of the Court. This provision shall not apply if such state is bearing a share of the expenses of the Court"} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_36", "title": "Article 36", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The jurisdiction of the Court comprises all cases which the parties refer to it and all matters specially provided for in the Charter of the United Nations or in treaties and conventions in force.\n2. The states parties to the present Statute may at any time declare that they recognize as compulsory ipso facto and without special agreement, in relation to any other state accepting the same obligation, the jurisdiction of the Court in all legal disputes concerning:\n<ol type=\"a\">\n<li>the interpretation of a treaty;</li>\n \n<li>any question of international law;</li>\n \n<li>the existence of any fact which, if established, would constitute a breach of an international obligation;</li>\n \n<li>the nature or extent of the reparation to be made for the breach of an international obligation.</li>\n</ol>\n3. The declarations referred to above may be made unconditionally or on condition of reciprocity on the part of several or certain states, or for a certain time.\n4. Such declarations shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit copies thereof to the parties to the Statute and to the Registrar of the Court.\n5. Declarations made under Article 36 of the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice and which are still in force shall be deemed, as between the parties to the present Statute, to be acceptances of the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice for the period which they still have to run and in accordance with their terms.\n6. In the event of a dispute as to whether the Court has jurisdiction, the matter shall be settled by the decision of the Court."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_37", "title": "Article 37", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "Whenever a treaty or convention in force provides for reference of a matter to a tribunal to have been instituted by the League of Nations, or to the Permanent Court of International Justice, the matter shall, as between the parties to the present Statute, be referred to the International Court of Justice."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_38", "title": "Article 38", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The Court, whose function is to decide in accordance with international law such disputes as are submitted to it, shall apply:\n<ol type=\"a\">\n<li>international conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules expressly recognized by the contesting states;</li>\n \n<li>international custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law;</li>\n \n<li>the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations;</li>\n \n<li>subject to the provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations, as subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law.</li>\n</ol>\n2. This provision shall not prejudice the power of the Court to decide a case <i>ex aequo et bono</i>, if the parties agree thereto."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_39", "title": "Article 39", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The official languages of the Court shall be French and English. If the parties agree that the case shall be conducted in French, the judgment shall be delivered in French. If the parties agree that the case shall be conducted in English, the judgment shall be delivered in English.\n2. In the absence of an agreement as to which language shall be employed, each party may, in the pleadings, use the language which it prefers; the decision of the Court shall be given in French and English. In this case the Court shall at the same time determine which of the two texts shall be considered as authoritative.\n3. The Court shall, at the request of any party, authorize a language other than French or English to be used by that party."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_4", "title": "Article 4", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The Members of the Court shall be elected by the General Assembly and by the Security Council from a list of persons nominated by the national groups in the Permanent Court of Arbitration, in accordance with the following provisions.\n2. In the case of Members of the United Nations not represented in the Permanent Court of Arbitration, candidates shall be nominated by national groups appointed for this purpose by their governments under the same conditions as those prescribed for members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration by Article 44 of the Convention of The Hague of 1907 for the pacific settlement of international disputes.\n3. The conditions under which a State which is a party to the present Statute but is not a Member of the United Nations may participate in electing the Members of the Court shall, in the absence of a special agreement, be laid down by the General Assembly upon recommendation of the Security Council."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_40", "title": "Article 40", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. Cases are brought before the Court, as the case may be, either by the notification of the special agreement or by a written application addressed to the Registrar. In either case the subject of the dispute and the parties shall be indicated.\n2. The Registrar shall forthwith communicate the application to all concerned.\n3. He shall also notify the Members of the United Nations through the Secretary-General, and also any other states entitled to appear before the Court."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_41", "title": "Article 41", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The Court shall have the power to indicate, if it considers that circumstances so require, any provisional measures which ought to be taken to preserve the respective rights of either party.\n2. Pending the final decision, notice of the measures suggested shall forthwith be given to the parties and to the Security Council."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_42", "title": "Article 42", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The parties shall be represented by agents.\n2. They may have the assistance of counsel or advocates before the Court.\n3. The agents, counsel, and advocates of parties before the Court shall enjoy the privileges and immunities necessary to the independent exercise of their duties."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_43", "title": "Article 43", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The procedure shall consist of two parts: written and oral.\n2. The written proceedings shall consist of the communication to the Court and to the parties of memorials, counter-memorials and, if necessary, replies; also all papers and documents in support.\n3. These communications shall be made through the Registrar, in the order and within the time fixed by the Court.\n4. A certified copy of every document produced by one party shall be communicated to the other party.\n5. The oral proceedings shall consist of the hearing by the Court of witnesses, experts, agents, counsel, and advocates."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_44", "title": "Article 44", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. For the service of all notices upon persons other than the agents, counsel, and advocates, the Court shall apply direct to the government of the state upon whose territory the notice has to be served.\n2. The same provision shall apply whenever steps are to be taken to procure evidence on the spot."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_45", "title": "Article 45", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "The hearing shall be under the control of the President or, if he is unable to preside, of the Vice-President; if neither is able to preside, the senior judge present shall preside."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_46", "title": "Article 46", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "The hearing in Court shall be public, unless the Court shall decide otherwise, or unless the parties demand that the public be not admitted ."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_47", "title": "Article 47", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. Minutes shall be made at each hearing and signed by the Registrar and the President.\n2. These minutes alone shall be authentic."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_48", "title": "Article 48", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "The Court shall make orders for the conduct of the case, shall decide the form and time in which each party must conclude its arguments, and make all arrangements connected with the taking of evidence."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_49", "title": "Article 49", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "The Court may, even before the hearing begins, call upon the agents to produce any document or to supply any explanations. Formal note shall be taken of any refusal."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_5", "title": "Article 5", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. At least three months before the date of the election, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall address a written request to the members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration belonging to the States which are parties to the present Statute, and to the members of the national groups appointed under Article 4, paragraph 2, inviting them to undertake, within a given time, by national groups, the nomination of persons in a position to accept the duties of a Member of the Court.\n2. No group may nominate more than four persons, not more than two of whom shall be of their own nationality. In no case may the number of candidates nominated by a group be more than double the number of seats to be filled."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_50", "title": "Article 50", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "The Court may, at any time, entrust any individual, body, bureau, commission, or other organization that it may select, with the task of carrying out an enquiry or giving an expert opinion."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_51", "title": "Article 51", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "During the hearing any relevant questions are to be put to the witnesses and experts under the conditions laid down by the Court in the rules of procedure referred to in Article 30."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_52", "title": "Article 52", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "After the Court has received the proofs and evidence within the time specified for the purpose, it may refuse to accept any further oral or written evidence that one party may desire to present unless the other side consents."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_53", "title": "Article 53", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. Whenever one of the parties does not appear before the Court, or fails to defend its case, the other party may call upon the Court to decide in favour of its claim.\n2. The Court must, before doing so, satisfy itself, not only that it has jurisdiction in accordance with Articles 36 and 37, but also that the claim is well founded in fact and law."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_54", "title": "Article 54", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. When, subject to the control of the Court, the agents, counsel, and advocates have completed their presentation of the case, the President shall declare the hearing closed.\n2. The Court shall withdraw to consider the judgment.\n3. The deliberations of the Court shall take place in private and remain secret."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_55", "title": "Article 55", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. All questions shall be decided by a majority of the judges present.\n2. In the event of an equality of votes, the President or the judge who acts in his place shall have a casting vote."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_56", "title": "Article 56", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The judgment shall state the reasons on which it is based.\n2. It shall contain the names of the judges who have taken part in the decision."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_57", "title": "Article 57", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "If the judgment does not represent in whole or in part the unanimous opinion of the judges, any judge shall be entitled to deliver a separate opinion."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_58", "title": "Article 58", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "The judgment shall be signed by the President and by the Registrar. It shall be read in open court, due notice having been given to the agents."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_59", "title": "Article 59", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "The decision of the Court has no binding force except between the parties and in respect of that particular case."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_6", "title": "Article 6", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "Before making these nominations, each national group is recommended to consult its highest court of justice, its legal faculties and schools of law, and its national academies and national sections of international academies devoted to the study of law."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_60", "title": "Article 60", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "The judgment is final and without appeal. In the event of dispute as to the meaning or scope of the judgment, the Court shall construe it upon the request of any party."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_61", "title": "Article 61", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. An application for revision of a judgment may be made only when it is based upon the discovery of some fact of such a nature as to be a decisive factor, which fact was, when the judgment was given, unknown to the Court and also to the party claiming revision, always provided that such ignorance was not due to negligence.\n2. The proceedings for revision shall be opened by a judgment of the Court expressly recording the existence of the new fact, recognizing that it has such a character as to lay the case open to revision, and declaring the application admissible on this ground.\n3. The Court may require previous compliance with the terms of the judgment before it admits proceedings in revision.\n4. The application for revision must be made at latest within six months of the discovery of the new fact.\n5. No application for revision may be made after the lapse of ten years from the date of the judgment."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_62", "title": "Article 62", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "l. Should a state consider that it has an interest of a legal nature which may be affected by the decision in the case, it may submit a request to the Court to be permitted to intervene.\n2 It shall be for the Court to decide upon this request."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_63", "title": "Article 63", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. Whenever the construction of a convention to which states other than those concerned in the case are parties is in question, the Registrar shall notify all such states forthwith.\n2. Every state so notified has the right to intervene in the proceedings; but if it uses this right, the construction given by the judgment will be equally binding upon it."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_64", "title": "Article 64", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "Unless otherwise decided by the Court, each party shall bear its own costs."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_65", "title": "Article 65", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The Court may give an advisory opinion on any legal question at the request of whatever body may be authorized by or in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations to make such a request.\n2. Questions upon which the advisory opinion of the Court is asked shall be laid before the Court by means of a written request containing an exact statement of the question upon which an opinion is required, and accompanied by all documents likely to throw light upon the question."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_66", "title": "Article 66", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The Registrar shall forthwith give notice of the request for an advisory opinion to all states entitled to appear before the Court.\n2. The Registrar shall also, by means of a special and direct communication, notify any state entitled to appear before the Court or international organization considered by the Court, or, should it not be sitting, by the President, as likely to be able to furnish information on the question, that the Court will be prepared to receive, within a time-limit to be fixed by the President, written statements, or to hear, at a public sitting to be held for the purpose, oral statements relating to the question.\n3. Should any such state entitled to appear before the Court have failed to receive the special communication referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, such state may express a desire to submit a written statement or to be heard; and the Court will decide.\n4. States and organizations having presented written or oral statements or both shall be permitted to comment on the statements made by other states or organizations in the form, to the extent, and within the time-limits which the Court, or, should it not be sitting, the President, shall decide in each particular case. Accordingly, the Registrar shall in due time communicate any such written statements to states and organizations having submitted similar statements."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_67", "title": "Article 67", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "The Court shall deliver its advisory opinions in open court, notice having been given to the Secretary-General and to the representatives of Members of the United Nations, of other states and of international organizations immediately concerned."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_68", "title": "Article 68", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "In the exercise of its advisory functions the Court shall further be guided by the provisions of the present Statute which apply in contentious cases to the extent to which it recognizes them to be applicable."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_69", "title": "Article 69", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "Amendments to the present Statute shall be effected by the same procedure as is provided by the Charter of the United Nations for amendments to that Charter, subject however to any provisions which the General Assembly upon recommendation of the Security Council may adopt concerning the participation of states which are parties to the present Statute but are not Members of the United Nations."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_7", "title": "Article 7", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The Secretary-General shall prepare a list in alphabetical order of all the persons thus nominated. Save as provided in Article 12, paragraph 2, these shall be the only persons eligible.\n2. The Secretary-General shall submit this list to the General Assembly and to the Security Council."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_70", "title": "Article 70", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "The Court shall have power to propose such amendments to the present Statute as it may deem necessary, through written communications to the Secretary-General, for consideration in conformity with the provisions of Article 69."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_74", "title": null, "level": null, "instrument": "statute", "text": ""} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_75", "title": null, "level": null, "instrument": "statute", "text": ""} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_8", "title": "Article 8", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "The General Assembly and the Security Council shall proceed independently of one another to elect the members of the Court."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_9", "title": "Article 9", "level": "article", "instrument": "statute", "text": "At every election, the electors shall bear in mind not only that the persons to be elected should individually possess the qualifications required, but also that in the body as a whole the representation of the main forms of civilization and of the principal legal systems of the world should be assured."} | |
| {"key": "statute:article_92", "title": null, "level": null, "instrument": "statute", "text": ""} | |
| {"key": "statute:chapter_1", "title": "CHAPTER I ORGANIZATION OF THE COURT", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "statute", "text": "The Court shall be composed of a body of independent judges, elected regardless of their nationality from among persons of high moral character, who possess the qualifications required in their respective countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices, or are jurisconsults of recognized competence in international law.\n1. The Court shall consist of fifteen Members, no two of whom may be nationals of the same State.\n2. A person who for the purposes of membership in the Court could be regarded as a national of more than one State shall be deemed to be a national of the one in which he ordinarily exercises civil and political rights.\n1. The Members of the Court shall be elected by the General Assembly and by the Security Council from a list of persons nominated by the national groups in the Permanent Court of Arbitration, in accordance with the following provisions.\n2. In the case of Members of the United Nations not represented in the Permanent Court of Arbitration, candidates shall be nominated by national groups appointed for this purpose by their governments under the same conditions as those prescribed for members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration by Article 44 of the Convention of The Hague of 1907 for the pacific settlement of international disputes.\n3. The conditions under which a State which is a party to the present Statute but is not a Member of the United Nations may participate in electing the Members of the Court shall, in the absence of a special agreement, be laid down by the General Assembly upon recommendation of the Security Council.\n1. At least three months before the date of the election, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall address a written request to the members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration belonging to the States which are parties to the present Statute, and to the members of the national groups appointed under Article 4, paragraph 2, inviting them to undertake, within a given time, by national groups, the nomination of persons in a position to accept the duties of a Member of the Court.\n2. No group may nominate more than four persons, not more than two of whom shall be of their own nationality. In no case may the number of candidates nominated by a group be more than double the number of seats to be filled.\nBefore making these nominations, each national group is recommended to consult its highest court of justice, its legal faculties and schools of law, and its national academies and national sections of international academies devoted to the study of law.\n1. The Secretary-General shall prepare a list in alphabetical order of all the persons thus nominated. Save as provided in Article 12, paragraph 2, these shall be the only persons eligible.\n2. The Secretary-General shall submit this list to the General Assembly and to the Security Council.\nThe General Assembly and the Security Council shall proceed independently of one another to elect the members of the Court.\nAt every election, the electors shall bear in mind not only that the persons to be elected should individually possess the qualifications required, but also that in the body as a whole the representation of the main forms of civilization and of the principal legal systems of the world should be assured.\n1. Those candidates who obtain an absolute majority of votes in the General Assembly and in the Security Council shall be considered as elected.\n2. Any vote of the Security Council, whether for the election of judges or for the appointment of members of the conference envisaged in Article 12, shall be taken without any distinction between permanent and non-permanent members of the Security Council.\n3. In the event of more than one national of the same state obtaining an absolute majority of the votes both of the General Assembly and of the Security Council, the eldest of these only shall be considered as elected.\nIf, after the first meeting held for the purpose of the election, one or more seats remain to be filled, a second and, if necessary, a third meeting shall take place.\n1. If, after the third meeting, one or more seats still remain unfilled, a joint conference consisting of six members, three appointed by the General Assembly and three by the Security Council, may be formed at any time at the request of either the General Assembly or the Security Council, for the purpose of choosing by the vote of an absolute majority one name for each seat still vacant, to submit to the General Assembly and the Security Council for their respective acceptance.\n2. If the joint conference is unanimously agreed upon any person who fulfills the required conditions, he may be included in its list, even though he was not included in the list of nominations referred to in Article 7.\n3. If the joint conference is satisfied that it will not be successful in procuring an election, those members of the Court who have already been elected shall, within a period to be fixed by the Security Council, proceed to fill the vacant seats by selection from among those candidates who have obtained votes either in the General Assembly or in the Security Council.\n4. In the event of an equality of votes among the judges, the eldest judge shall have a casting vote.\n1. The members of the Court shall be elected for nine years and may be re-elected; provided, however, that of the judges elected at the first election, the terms of five judges shall expire at the end of three years and the terms of five more judges shall expire at the end of six years.\n2. The judges whose terms are to expire at the end of the above-mentioned initial periods of three and six years shall be chosen by lot to be drawn by the Secretary-General immediately after the first election has been completed.\n3. The members of the Court shall continue to discharge their duties until their places have been filled. Though replaced, they shall finish any cases which they may have begun.\n4. In the case of the resignation of a member of the Court, the resignation shall be addressed to the President of the Court for transmission to the Secretary-General. This last notification makes the place vacant.\nVacancies shall be filled by the same method as that laid down for the first election, subject to the following provision: the Secretary-General shall, within one month of the occurrence of the vacancy, proceed to issue the invitations provided for in Article 5, and the date of the election shall be fixed by the Security Council.\nA member of the Court elected to replace a member whose term of office has not expired shall hold office for the remainder of his predecessor's term.\n1. No member of the Court may exercise any political or administrative function, or engage in any other occupation of a professional nature.\n2. Any doubt on this point shall be settled by the decision of the Court.\n1. No member of the Court may act as agent, counsel, or advocate in any case.\n2. No member may participate in the decision of any case in which he has previously taken part as agent, counsel, or advocate for one of the parties, or as a member of a national or international court, or of a commission of enquiry, or in any other capacity.\n3. Any doubt on this point shall be settled by the decision of the Court.\n1. No member of the Court can be dismissed unless, in the unanimous opinion of the other members, he has ceased to fulfill the required conditions.\n2. Formal notification thereof shall be made to the Secretary-General by the Registrar.\n3. This notification makes the place vacant.\nThe members of the Court, when engaged on the business of the Court, shall enjoy diplomatic privileges and immunities.\nEvery member of the Court shall, before taking up his duties, make a solemn declaration in open court that he will exercise his powers impartially and conscientiously.\n1. The Court shall elect its President and Vice-President for three years; they may be re-elected.\n2. The Court shall appoint its Registrar and may provide for the appointment of such other officers as may be necessary.\n1. The seat of the Court shall be established at The Hague. This, however, shall not prevent the Court from sitting and exercising its functions elsewhere whenever the Court considers it desirable.\n2. The President and the Registrar shall reside at the seat of the Court.\n1. The Court shall remain permanently in session, except during the judicial vacations, the dates and duration of which shall be fixed by the Court.\n2. Members of the Court are entitled to periodic leave, the dates and duration of which shall be fixed by the Court, having in mind the distance between The Hague and the home of each judge.\n3. Members of the Court shall be bound, unless they are on leave or prevented from attending by illness or other serious reasons duly explained to the President, to hold themselves permanently at the disposal of the Court.\n1. If, for some special reason, a member of the Court considers that he should not take part in the decision of a particular case, he shall so inform the President.\n2. If the President considers that for some special reason one of the members of the Court should not sit in a particular case, he shall give him notice accordingly.\n3. If in any such case the member of the Court and the President disagree, the matter shall be settled by the decision of the Court.\n1. The full Court shall sit except when it is expressly provided otherwise in the present Statute.\n2. Subject to the condition that the number of judges available to constitute the Court is not thereby reduced below eleven, the Rules of the Court may provide for allowing one or more judges, according to circumstances and in rotation, to be dispensed from sitting.\n3. A quorum of nine judges shall suffice to constitute the Court.\n1. The Court may from time to time form one or more chambers, composed of three or more judges as the Court may determine, for dealing with particular categories of cases; for example, labour cases and cases relating to transit and communications.\n2. The Court may at any time form a chamber for dealing with a particular case. The number of judges to constitute such a chamber shall be determined by the Court with the approval of the parties.\n3. Cases shall be heard and determined by the chambers provided for in this article if the parties so request.\nA judgment given by any of the chambers provided for in Articles 26 and 29 shall be considered as rendered by the Court.\nThe chambers provided for in Articles 26 and 29 may, with the consent of the parties, sit and exercise their functions elsewhere than at The Hague.\nWith a view to the speedy dispatch of business, the Court shall form annually a chamber composed of five judges which, at the request of the parties, may hear and determine cases by summary procedure. In addition, two judges shall be selected for the purpose of replacing judges who find it impossible to sit.\n1. The Court shall frame rules for carrying out its functions. In particular, it shall lay down rules of procedure.\n2. The Rules of the Court may provide for assessors to sit with the Court or with any of its chambers, without the right to vote.\n1. Judges of the nationality of each of the parties shall retain their right to sit in the case before the Court.\n2. If the Court includes upon the Bench a judge of the nationality of one of the parties, any other party may choose a person to sit as judge. Such person shall be chosen preferably from among those persons who have been nominated as candidates as provided in Articles 4 and 5.\n3. If the Court includes upon the Bench no judge of the nationality of the parties, each of these parties may proceed to choose a judge as provided in paragraph 2 of this Article.\n4. The provisions of this Article shall apply to the case of Articles 26 and 29. In such cases, the President shall request one or, if necessary, two of the members of the Court forming the chamber to give place to the members of the Court of the nationality of the parties concerned, and, failing such, or if they are unable to be present, to the judges specially chosen by the parties.\n5. Should there be several parties in the same interest, they shall, for the purpose of the preceding provisions, be reckoned as one party only. Any doubt upon this point shall be settled by the decision of the Court.\n6. Judges chosen as laid down in paragraphs 2, 3, and 4 of this Article shall fulfill the conditions required by Articles 2, 17 (paragraph 2), 20, and 24 of the present Statute. They shall take part in the decision on terms of complete equality with their colleagues.\n1. Each member of the Court shall receive an annual salary.\n2. The President shall receive a special annual allowance.\n3. The Vice-President shall receive a special allowance for every day on which he acts as President.\n4. The judges chosen under Article 31, other than members of the Court, shall receive compensation for each day on which they exercise their functions.\n5. These salaries, allowances, and compensation shall be fixed by the General Assembly. They may not be decreased during the term of office.\n6. The salary of the Registrar shall be fixed by the General Assembly on the proposal of the Court.\n7. Regulations made by the General Assembly shall fix the conditions under which retirement pensions may be given to members of the Court and to the Registrar, and the conditions under which members of the Court and the Registrar shall have their travelling expenses refunded.\n8. The above salaries, allowances, and compensation shall be free of all taxation.\nThe expenses of the Court shall be borne by the United Nations in such a manner as shall be decided by the General Assembly."} | |
| {"key": "statute:chapter_15", "title": null, "level": null, "instrument": "statute", "text": ""} | |
| {"key": "statute:chapter_2", "title": "CHAPTER II COMPETENCE OF THE COURT", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. Only states may be parties in cases before the Court.\n2. The Court, subject to and in conformity with its Rules, may request of public international organizations information relevant to cases before it, and shall receive such information presented by such organizations on their own initiative.\n3. Whenever the construction of the constituent instrument of a public international organization or of an international convention adopted thereunder is in question in a case before the Court, the Registrar shall so notify the public international organization concerned and shall communicate to it copies of all the written proceedings.\n1. The Court shall be open to the states parties to the present Statute.\n2. The conditions under which the Court shall be open to other states shall, subject to the special provisions contained in treaties in force, be laid down by the Security Council, but in no case shall such conditions place the parties in a position of inequality before the Court.\n3. When a state which is not a Member of the United Nations is a party to a case, the Court shall fix the amount which that party is to contribute towards the expenses of the Court. This provision shall not apply if such state is bearing a share of the expenses of the Court\n1. The jurisdiction of the Court comprises all cases which the parties refer to it and all matters specially provided for in the Charter of the United Nations or in treaties and conventions in force.\n2. The states parties to the present Statute may at any time declare that they recognize as compulsory ipso facto and without special agreement, in relation to any other state accepting the same obligation, the jurisdiction of the Court in all legal disputes concerning:\n<ol type=\"a\">\n<li>the interpretation of a treaty;</li>\n \n<li>any question of international law;</li>\n \n<li>the existence of any fact which, if established, would constitute a breach of an international obligation;</li>\n \n<li>the nature or extent of the reparation to be made for the breach of an international obligation.</li>\n</ol>\n3. The declarations referred to above may be made unconditionally or on condition of reciprocity on the part of several or certain states, or for a certain time.\n4. Such declarations shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit copies thereof to the parties to the Statute and to the Registrar of the Court.\n5. Declarations made under Article 36 of the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice and which are still in force shall be deemed, as between the parties to the present Statute, to be acceptances of the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice for the period which they still have to run and in accordance with their terms.\n6. In the event of a dispute as to whether the Court has jurisdiction, the matter shall be settled by the decision of the Court.\nWhenever a treaty or convention in force provides for reference of a matter to a tribunal to have been instituted by the League of Nations, or to the Permanent Court of International Justice, the matter shall, as between the parties to the present Statute, be referred to the International Court of Justice.\n1. The Court, whose function is to decide in accordance with international law such disputes as are submitted to it, shall apply:\n<ol type=\"a\">\n<li>international conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules expressly recognized by the contesting states;</li>\n \n<li>international custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law;</li>\n \n<li>the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations;</li>\n \n<li>subject to the provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations, as subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law.</li>\n</ol>\n2. This provision shall not prejudice the power of the Court to decide a case <i>ex aequo et bono</i>, if the parties agree thereto."} | |
| {"key": "statute:chapter_3", "title": "CHAPTER III PROCEDURE", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The official languages of the Court shall be French and English. If the parties agree that the case shall be conducted in French, the judgment shall be delivered in French. If the parties agree that the case shall be conducted in English, the judgment shall be delivered in English.\n2. In the absence of an agreement as to which language shall be employed, each party may, in the pleadings, use the language which it prefers; the decision of the Court shall be given in French and English. In this case the Court shall at the same time determine which of the two texts shall be considered as authoritative.\n3. The Court shall, at the request of any party, authorize a language other than French or English to be used by that party.\n1. Cases are brought before the Court, as the case may be, either by the notification of the special agreement or by a written application addressed to the Registrar. In either case the subject of the dispute and the parties shall be indicated.\n2. The Registrar shall forthwith communicate the application to all concerned.\n3. He shall also notify the Members of the United Nations through the Secretary-General, and also any other states entitled to appear before the Court.\n1. The Court shall have the power to indicate, if it considers that circumstances so require, any provisional measures which ought to be taken to preserve the respective rights of either party.\n2. Pending the final decision, notice of the measures suggested shall forthwith be given to the parties and to the Security Council.\n1. The parties shall be represented by agents.\n2. They may have the assistance of counsel or advocates before the Court.\n3. The agents, counsel, and advocates of parties before the Court shall enjoy the privileges and immunities necessary to the independent exercise of their duties.\n1. The procedure shall consist of two parts: written and oral.\n2. The written proceedings shall consist of the communication to the Court and to the parties of memorials, counter-memorials and, if necessary, replies; also all papers and documents in support.\n3. These communications shall be made through the Registrar, in the order and within the time fixed by the Court.\n4. A certified copy of every document produced by one party shall be communicated to the other party.\n5. The oral proceedings shall consist of the hearing by the Court of witnesses, experts, agents, counsel, and advocates.\n1. For the service of all notices upon persons other than the agents, counsel, and advocates, the Court shall apply direct to the government of the state upon whose territory the notice has to be served.\n2. The same provision shall apply whenever steps are to be taken to procure evidence on the spot.\nThe hearing shall be under the control of the President or, if he is unable to preside, of the Vice-President; if neither is able to preside, the senior judge present shall preside.\nThe hearing in Court shall be public, unless the Court shall decide otherwise, or unless the parties demand that the public be not admitted .\n1. Minutes shall be made at each hearing and signed by the Registrar and the President.\n2. These minutes alone shall be authentic.\nThe Court shall make orders for the conduct of the case, shall decide the form and time in which each party must conclude its arguments, and make all arrangements connected with the taking of evidence.\nThe Court may, even before the hearing begins, call upon the agents to produce any document or to supply any explanations. Formal note shall be taken of any refusal.\nThe Court may, at any time, entrust any individual, body, bureau, commission, or other organization that it may select, with the task of carrying out an enquiry or giving an expert opinion.\nDuring the hearing any relevant questions are to be put to the witnesses and experts under the conditions laid down by the Court in the rules of procedure referred to in Article 30.\nAfter the Court has received the proofs and evidence within the time specified for the purpose, it may refuse to accept any further oral or written evidence that one party may desire to present unless the other side consents.\n1. Whenever one of the parties does not appear before the Court, or fails to defend its case, the other party may call upon the Court to decide in favour of its claim.\n2. The Court must, before doing so, satisfy itself, not only that it has jurisdiction in accordance with Articles 36 and 37, but also that the claim is well founded in fact and law.\n1. When, subject to the control of the Court, the agents, counsel, and advocates have completed their presentation of the case, the President shall declare the hearing closed.\n2. The Court shall withdraw to consider the judgment.\n3. The deliberations of the Court shall take place in private and remain secret.\n1. All questions shall be decided by a majority of the judges present.\n2. In the event of an equality of votes, the President or the judge who acts in his place shall have a casting vote.\n1. The judgment shall state the reasons on which it is based.\n2. It shall contain the names of the judges who have taken part in the decision.\nIf the judgment does not represent in whole or in part the unanimous opinion of the judges, any judge shall be entitled to deliver a separate opinion.\nThe judgment shall be signed by the President and by the Registrar. It shall be read in open court, due notice having been given to the agents.\nThe decision of the Court has no binding force except between the parties and in respect of that particular case.\nThe judgment is final and without appeal. In the event of dispute as to the meaning or scope of the judgment, the Court shall construe it upon the request of any party.\n1. An application for revision of a judgment may be made only when it is based upon the discovery of some fact of such a nature as to be a decisive factor, which fact was, when the judgment was given, unknown to the Court and also to the party claiming revision, always provided that such ignorance was not due to negligence.\n2. The proceedings for revision shall be opened by a judgment of the Court expressly recording the existence of the new fact, recognizing that it has such a character as to lay the case open to revision, and declaring the application admissible on this ground.\n3. The Court may require previous compliance with the terms of the judgment before it admits proceedings in revision.\n4. The application for revision must be made at latest within six months of the discovery of the new fact.\n5. No application for revision may be made after the lapse of ten years from the date of the judgment.\nl. Should a state consider that it has an interest of a legal nature which may be affected by the decision in the case, it may submit a request to the Court to be permitted to intervene.\n2 It shall be for the Court to decide upon this request.\n1. Whenever the construction of a convention to which states other than those concerned in the case are parties is in question, the Registrar shall notify all such states forthwith.\n2. Every state so notified has the right to intervene in the proceedings; but if it uses this right, the construction given by the judgment will be equally binding upon it.\nUnless otherwise decided by the Court, each party shall bear its own costs."} | |
| {"key": "statute:chapter_4", "title": "CHAPTER IV ADVISORY OPINIONS", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "statute", "text": "1. The Court may give an advisory opinion on any legal question at the request of whatever body may be authorized by or in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations to make such a request.\n2. Questions upon which the advisory opinion of the Court is asked shall be laid before the Court by means of a written request containing an exact statement of the question upon which an opinion is required, and accompanied by all documents likely to throw light upon the question.\n1. The Registrar shall forthwith give notice of the request for an advisory opinion to all states entitled to appear before the Court.\n2. The Registrar shall also, by means of a special and direct communication, notify any state entitled to appear before the Court or international organization considered by the Court, or, should it not be sitting, by the President, as likely to be able to furnish information on the question, that the Court will be prepared to receive, within a time-limit to be fixed by the President, written statements, or to hear, at a public sitting to be held for the purpose, oral statements relating to the question.\n3. Should any such state entitled to appear before the Court have failed to receive the special communication referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, such state may express a desire to submit a written statement or to be heard; and the Court will decide.\n4. States and organizations having presented written or oral statements or both shall be permitted to comment on the statements made by other states or organizations in the form, to the extent, and within the time-limits which the Court, or, should it not be sitting, the President, shall decide in each particular case. Accordingly, the Registrar shall in due time communicate any such written statements to states and organizations having submitted similar statements.\nThe Court shall deliver its advisory opinions in open court, notice having been given to the Secretary-General and to the representatives of Members of the United Nations, of other states and of international organizations immediately concerned.\nIn the exercise of its advisory functions the Court shall further be guided by the provisions of the present Statute which apply in contentious cases to the extent to which it recognizes them to be applicable."} | |
| {"key": "statute:chapter_5", "title": "CHAPTER V AMENDMENT", "level": "chapter", "instrument": "statute", "text": "Amendments to the present Statute shall be effected by the same procedure as is provided by the Charter of the United Nations for amendments to that Charter, subject however to any provisions which the General Assembly upon recommendation of the Security Council may adopt concerning the participation of states which are parties to the present Statute but are not Members of the United Nations.\nThe Court shall have power to propose such amendments to the present Statute as it may deem necessary, through written communications to the Secretary-General, for consideration in conformity with the provisions of Article 69."} | |