class DoublyLinkedBase: class Node: __slots__ = '_element', '_prev', '_next' def __init__(self, element, prev, next): self._element = element self._prev = prev self._next = next def __init__(self): self._header = self.Node(None, None, None) self._trailer = self.Node(None, None, None) self._header._next = self._trailer self._trailer._prev = self._header self._size = 0 def __len__(self): return self._size def is_empty(self): return self._size == 0 def _insert_between(self, e, predecessor, successor): newest = self.Node(e, predecessor, successor) predecessor._next = newest successor._prev = newest self._size += 1 def insert_at_position(self, pos, e): if pos < 1 or pos > self._size + 1: print("Invalid position") return current = self._header for _ in range(1, pos): current = current._next self._insert_between(e, current, current._next) print("The element", e, "is successfully inserted at position", pos) def _delete_node(self, node): predecessor = node._prev successor = node._next predecessor._next = successor successor._prev = predecessor self._size -= 1 element = node._element node._prev = node._next = node._element = None return element def delete_by_position(self, pos): if pos < 1 or pos > self._size: print("Invalid position") return current = self._header._next for _ in range(1, pos): current = current._next removed = self._delete_node(current) print("The element", removed, "is successfully removed") def display(self): if self.is_empty(): print("Doubly linked list is Empty!") else: current = self._header._next print("Elements in Doubly linked list:") while current != self._trailer: print(current._element, "<->", end=" ") current = current._next print("NULL") print("\t\tImplementation of Doubly Linked List ADT") print("\t\t---------------------------------------") dll = DoublyLinkedBase() while True: print("\n\tOPERATIONS") print("1-Insertion at position") print("2-Delete at position") print("3-Length") print("4-Is Empty") print("5-Display") print("6-Exit") try: ch = int(input("Enter your choice: ")) if ch == 1: value = int(input("Enter an element: ")) pos = int(input("Enter position: ")) dll.insert_at_position(pos, value) elif ch == 2: if dll.is_empty(): print("Doubly linked list is empty!") else: pos = int(input("Enter position to delete: ")) dll.delete_by_position(pos) elif ch == 3: print("Number of elements:", len(dll)) elif ch == 4: print("Is list empty?", dll.is_empty()) elif ch == 5: dll.display() elif ch == 6: print("Program Exited") break else: print("Invalid choice") except ValueError: print("Please enter a valid number")