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README.md

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+---
+license: cc-by-nc-3.0
+task_categories:
+  - image-segmentation
+tags:
+  - medical
+  - ct
+  - lung
+  - nsclc
+  - lung-cancer
+  - tumor-segmentation
+  - gtv
+  - inter-observer
+  - radiotherapy
+  - dicom
+  - tcia
+pretty_name: NSCLC-Radiomics-Interobserver1
+size_categories:
+  - n<1K
+---
+
+# NSCLC-Radiomics-Interobserver1
+
+Multiple-delineation **inter-observer / inter-method variability** study of
+gross-tumour-volume (GTV) contouring on pre-treatment thoracic CT of
+non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For each tumour, **five radiation
+oncologists** independently delineated the GTV **twice** — once **manually**
+(`vis`) and once **auto-segmentation-assisted then edited** (`auto`) — giving up
+to **10 GTV delineations per patient**. The collection exists specifically to
+quantify contouring variability, so **there is no single gold-standard mask** by
+design; all delineations are retained.
+
+> ⚠️ **This is NOT the main NSCLC-Radiomics ("Lung1", n=422) collection.**
+> It is the separate *Interobserver1* sub-collection (22 patients) from the same
+> Maastricht/Dana-Farber radiomics programme. It is also distinct from the
+> *RIDER-LungCT-Seg* test/retest arm. See "Relationship to other collections".
+
+## Dataset Details
+
+| Field | Value |
+|---|---|
+| Modality | CT (pre-treatment, radiotherapy-planning thorax; mostly contrast-enhanced) |
+| Body part | Thorax / lung |
+| Task | 3D tumour (GTV) segmentation; inter-observer variability study |
+| Patients | 22 (21 with delineations; **interobs09** is CT-only) |
+| Series | 64 total — 22 CT, 21 RTSTRUCT, 21 DICOM SEG |
+| CT slices | 3,844 |
+| Observers | 5 radiation oncologists (obs **1 & 3 = trainees**; **2, 4, 5 = experienced**) |
+| Methods | 2 per observer: `vis` (manual) and `auto` (auto-assisted + manual edit) |
+| Format | DICOM (CT + RTSTRUCT). DICOM SEG omitted from this mirror — see below |
+| License | **CC BY-NC 3.0 Unported** (Data Citation Required) |
+| Source | The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA), official author upload |
+
+This HuggingFace mirror is a **LEAN raw-DICOM** copy: it contains the **CT images
+(`images/`)** and the **RTSTRUCT contour objects (`segmentations/`)**. The
+collection's DICOM **SEG** objects — a rasterised duplicate of the same RTSTRUCT
+contours — are **not** included here; RTSTRUCT carries every delineation
+losslessly. A v3 (2020-08-31) revision of the original collection fixed an
+inadvertent label mismatch between the DICOM SEG and RTSTRUCT objects; this
+mirror was downloaded after that fix (REST API serves the current version).
+
+## Annotation structure (RTSTRUCT ROI names)
+
+Each patient's RTSTRUCT encodes the delineations in its ROI names:
+
+| ROI name pattern | Meaning |
+|---|---|
+| `GTV-1vis-{1..5}` | **Primary/index tumour**, **manual** delineation by observer 1–5 — present for **all 21** annotated patients |
+| `GTV-1auto-{1..5}` | Primary tumour, **auto-assisted** delineation by observer 1–5 (20/21; `interobs19` has none) |
+| `GTV-2{vis|auto}-{1..5}` | **Second tumour** (multi-lesion patients only); observer coverage varies |
+| `suv2,5` / `suv_2.5` | Auxiliary PET SUV-2.5 threshold auto-contour (not an observer delineation) |
+| `treshold0,34` / `treshhold0,34` / `tresh_34%` | Auxiliary PET 34%-SUVmax threshold auto-contour |
+| `treshold-pr` / `treshold-ln` | Auxiliary PET threshold contour (primary / lymph node) |
+
+The auxiliary PET-threshold ROIs are part of the original radiotherapy-planning
+structure sets but are **not** the manual observer delineations and should be
+excluded from inter-observer analyses.
+
+## Recommended ground truth
+
+Because the study is about variability, **all observer delineations are kept**.
+For benchmarking that needs a single reference mask, the recommended default is
+the **STAPLE consensus of the five manual delineations of the index tumour**
+(`GTV-1vis-1` … `GTV-1vis-5`) — a principled probabilistic consensus across all
+five experts, using the pure-manual (not auto-assisted) contours, available for
+every annotated patient. Individual per-observer (`vis`/`auto`) contours remain
+available in the RTSTRUCT for variability studies; second-tumour (`GTV-2*`) and
+PET-threshold ROIs are present but excluded from the default reference.
+
+## Relationship to other collections
+
+- **NSCLC-Radiomics ("Lung1", n=422)** — *different cohort*. Interobserver1
+  PatientIDs use the `interobsNN` namespace (e.g. `interobs01`), disjoint from
+  Lung1's `LUNG1-xxx`, and use a different CT protocol (contrast-enhanced
+  RT-planning vs. Lung1 non-contrast). No ID-level collision. Still, dedup by
+  `PatientID` / `SeriesInstanceUID` before any joint benchmark.
+- **RIDER-LungCT-Seg** — the test/retest arm of the same parent radiomics
+  programme; potential shared provenance if both are used together.
+- `series_to_patient.json` preserves `PatientID`, `SeriesInstanceUID`,
+  `StudyInstanceUID`, `Modality`, and per-series metadata for cross-referencing.
+
+## Structure
+
+```
+images/<PatientID>/<SeriesInstanceUID>/*.dcm          # 22 CT series
+segmentations/<PatientID>/<SeriesInstanceUID>/*.dcm    # 21 RTSTRUCT (Modality=RTSTRUCT)
+series_to_patient.json                                 # per-series metadata + cross-ref IDs
+```
+
+`PatientID` ranges over `interobs01` … `interobs33` (non-contiguous). Each
+RTSTRUCT references its source CT series via
+`ReferencedFrameOfReferenceSequence → RTReferencedStudySequence →
+RTReferencedSeriesSequence → SeriesInstanceUID`.
+
+## Splits
+
+The collection does not prescribe train/val/test splits.
+
+## Source
+
+- TCIA collection: https://www.cancerimagingarchive.net/collection/nsclc-radiomics-interobserver1/
+- DOI: `10.7937/tcia.2019.cwvlpd26`
+- Fully public — no registration required.
+
+## Citation
+
+```bibtex
+@misc{wee2019nsclcinterobserver1,
+  author    = {Wee, Leonard and Aerts, Hugo J. W. L. and Kalendralis, Petros and Dekker, Andre},
+  title     = {Data From NSCLC-Radiomics-Interobserver1 [Data set]},
+  year      = {2019},
+  publisher = {The Cancer Imaging Archive},
+  doi       = {10.7937/tcia.2019.cwvlpd26}
+}
+
+@article{kalendralis2020fair,
+  author  = {Kalendralis, Petros and Shi, Zhenwei and Traverso, Alberto and others},
+  title   = {FAIR-compliant clinical, radiomics and DICOM metadata of RIDER,
+             interobserver, Lung1 and head-Neck1 TCIA collections},
+  journal = {Medical Physics},
+  volume  = {47},
+  number  = {11},
+  pages   = {5931--5940},
+  year    = {2020},
+  doi     = {10.1002/mp.14322}
+}
+
+@article{aerts2014decoding,
+  author  = {Aerts, Hugo J. W. L. and Velazquez, Emmanuel Rios and Leijenaar, Ralph T. H. and others},
+  title   = {Decoding tumour phenotype by noninvasive imaging using a
+             quantitative radiomics approach},
+  journal = {Nature Communications},
+  volume  = {5},
+  pages   = {4006},
+  year    = {2014},
+  doi     = {10.1038/ncomms5006}
+}
+
+@article{clark2013tcia,
+  author  = {Clark, Kenneth and Vendt, Bruce and Smith, Kirk and others},
+  title   = {The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA): Maintaining and Operating a
+             Public Information Repository},
+  journal = {Journal of Digital Imaging},
+  volume  = {26},
+  number  = {6},
+  pages   = {1045--1057},
+  year    = {2013},
+  doi     = {10.1007/s10278-013-9622-7}
+}
+```