question stringlengths 29 100 | answers list | ctxs list | nq_annotated_gold dict |
|---|---|---|---|
what is the membrane on the surface of the stomach called | [
"the visceral membrane",
"Serous Membrane"
] | [
{
"title": "Gastric mucosa",
"text": "of surface epithelium and gastric pits of the fundus and pyloric part of the stomach. Gastric mucosa The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach, which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In humans, it is about 1 mm thick, and its surface is smo... | {
"title": "Serous membrane",
"long_answer": "In anatomy, serous membrane (or serosa) is a smooth tissue membrane consisting of two layers of mesothelium, which secrete serous fluid. The inner layer that covers organs (viscera) in body cavities is called the visceral membrane. A second layer of epithelial cells of the serous membrane, called the parietal layer, lines the body wall. Between the two layers is a potential space, mostly empty except for a few milliliters of lubricating serous fluid that is secreted by the two serous membranes.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In anatomy, serous membrane (or serosa) is a smooth tissue membrane consisting of two layers of mesothelium, which secrete serous fluid. The inner layer that covers organs (viscera) in body cavities is called the visceral membrane. A second layer of epithelial cells of the serous membrane, called the parietal layer, lines the body wall. Between the two layers is a potential space, mostly empty except for a few milliliters of lubricating serous fluid that is secreted by the two serous membranes.",
"short_answers": [
"the visceral membrane"
]
} |
where are mucosal associated lymphoid tissues present in the human body and why | [
"oral passage",
"salivary glands",
"gastrointestinal tract",
"breast",
"skin",
"thyroid",
"lung",
"nasopharyngeal tract",
"eye"
] | [
{
"title": "Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue",
"text": "deliver it to the lymphoid tissue. There are three types of situations in which MALT is present- Tonsils, Appendix, Small Intestinal area The components of MALT are sometimes subdivided into the following: It can be also distinguished by level of orga... | {
"title": "Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue",
"long_answer": "The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), also called mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue, is a diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various submucosal membrane sites of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract,oral passage, nasopharyngeal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin. MALT is populated by lymphocytes such as T cells and B cells, as well as plasma cells and macrophages, each of which is well situated to encounter antigens passing through the mucosal epithelium. In the case of intestinal MALT, M cells are also present, which sample antigen from the lumen and deliver it to the lymphoid tissue.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), also called mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue, is a diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various submucosal membrane sites of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract,oral passage, nasopharyngeal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin. MALT is populated by lymphocytes such as T cells and B cells, as well as plasma cells and macrophages, each of which is well situated to encounter antigens passing through the mucosal epithelium. In the case of intestinal MALT, M cells are also present, which sample antigen from the lumen and deliver it to the",
"short_answers": [
"breast",
"eye",
"gastrointestinal tract",
"lung",
"nasopharyngeal tract",
"oral passage",
"salivary glands",
"skin",
"thyroid"
]
} |
when is the publishers clearing house sweepstakes drawing | [
"just after the Super Bowl"
] | [
{
"title": "Publishers Clearing House",
"text": "Publishers Clearing House Publishers Clearing House (PCH) is a direct marketing company that markets merchandise and magazine subscriptions with sweepstakes and prize-based games. Publishers Clearing House was founded in 1953 by Harold Mertz to replace door-t... | {
"title": "Publishers Clearing House",
"long_answer": "Although PCH advertises its sweepstakes along with magazine subscriptions, no purchase is necessary to enter or win. In 1995, PCH began the tradition of announcing winners of its $10 million prize just after the Super Bowl. As of 2012, $225 million in prizes have been distributed. Some of its larger prizes are for $5,000 a week for life, or $10 million. Prizes can also range from $1 Amazon gift cards to $2,500, $1 million or $3 million. The larger cash prizes are paid in installments, typically with a balloon payment at 30 years, reducing the present value of prizes to much less than their nominal values.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Although PCH advertises its sweepstakes along with magazine subscriptions, no purchase is necessary to enter or win. In 1995, PCH began the tradition of announcing winners of its $10 million prize just after the Super Bowl. As of 2012, $225 million in prizes have been distributed. Some of its larger prizes are for $5,000 a week for life, or $10 million. Prizes can also range from $1 Amazon gift cards to $2,500, $1 million or $3 million. The larger cash prizes are paid in installments, typically with a balloon payment at 30 years, reducing the present value of prizes to",
"short_answers": [
"just after the Super Bowl"
]
} |
where does summer of the monkeys take place | [
"Oklahoma",
"Missouri"
] | [
{
"title": "Summer of the Monkeys (film)",
"text": "place in rural Canada and featured Heritage Park Historical Village 0-6-0 Steam Locomotive #2024 as the Circus train. It was built by Lima Locomotive Works in 1944 and originally US Army Locomotive #4076. Shots of the park's town were also used for town sc... | {
"title": "Summer of the Monkeys",
"long_answer": "The book is set at the end of the nineteenth century. The protagonist is a 14-year-old boy named Jay Berry Lee, who had enjoyed an idyllic childhood. Born to Missouri sharecroppers, he moves with his family to Oklahoma after his grandfather offers them free land. Daisy, his sister, has a crippled leg, and they devote much effort to gaining enough money to pay for reconstructive surgery. One day, while looking for their lost milk cow, Jay Berry discovers monkeys in a nearby river bottom. Visiting his grandfather's store, he learns that they have escaped from a travelling circus, which has offered a vast reward for their capture: $100 for the chief monkey, \"Jimbo\", and $2 each for the others. Jay Berry makes multiple attempts to capture them using traps and a net borrowed from his grandfather, but he gains only scratches and bites from them, at one point even losing his pants in the process.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The book is set at the end of the nineteenth century. The protagonist is a 14-year-old boy named Jay Berry Lee, who had enjoyed an idyllic childhood. Born to Missouri sharecroppers, he moves with his family to Oklahoma after his grandfather offers them free land. Daisy, his sister, has a crippled leg, and they devote much effort to gaining enough money to pay for reconstructive surgery. One day, while looking for their lost milk cow, Jay Berry discovers monkeys in a nearby river bottom. Visiting his grandfather's store, he learns that they have escaped from a travelling circus, which has",
"short_answers": [
"Missouri",
"Oklahoma"
]
} |
when does ellen's new game show start | [
"December 18, 2017"
] | [
{
"title": "Ellen's Game of Games",
"text": "can win the game without having to answer a question when opponents all fail. Starting in Season Two, when two contestants remain, the round ends and new rules are put in effect. When one contestant misses, the other remaining contestant must answer the same ques... | {
"title": "Ellen's Game of Games",
"long_answer": "Ellen's Game of Games, also known as Game of Games and stylized as ellen's GAME OF GAMES is an American television game show that premiered on December 18, 2017. In March 2017, NBC ordered six (later eight) hourlong episodes of the series. Ellen DeGeneres serves as host, while Stephen \"tWitch\" Boss appears as announcer/sidekick. The series is based on game segments from DeGeneres' daytime talk show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show. A special preview episode aired on December 18, 2017, with the official series premiere on January 2, 2018. On January 9, 2018, NBC renewed the series for a 13-episode second season.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Ellen's Game of Games, also known as Game of Games and stylized as ellen's GAME OF GAMES is an American television game show that premiered on December 18, 2017. In March 2017, NBC ordered six (later eight) hourlong episodes of the series. Ellen DeGeneres serves as host, while Stephen \"tWitch\" Boss appears as announcer/sidekick. The series is based on game segments from DeGeneres' daytime talk show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show. A special preview episode aired on December 18, 2017, with the official series premiere on January 2, 2018. On January 9, 2018, NBC renewed the series for a 13-episode second",
"short_answers": [
"December 18, 2017"
]
} |
when does season 5 of ruby come out | [
"October 14, 2017",
"October 14, 2017"
] | [
{
"title": "Max & Ruby",
"text": "produced by Nelvana and Treehouse in seasons 1–6, and 9 Story Media Group in seasons 3–5 in Canada, and Silver Lining Productions in seasons 1–3, and Chorion in season 4 in the United States. A sixth season of the series premiered on September 18, 2016, with a new main voic... | {
"title": "List of RWBY episodes",
"long_answer": "The fifth Volume premiered on October 14, 2017, a date which was first announced at the RTX Austin 2017 event. The episodes are released to Rooster Teeth FIRST members Saturdays at 10am CT, then to Rooster Teeth registered members the following Tuesday, and to the general public the following Saturday.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The fifth Volume premiered on October 14, 2017, a date which was first announced at the RTX Austin 2017 event. The episodes are released to Rooster Teeth FIRST members Saturdays at 10am CT, then to Rooster Teeth registered members the following Tuesday, and to the general public the following Saturday.",
"short_answers": [
"October 14, 2017"
]
} |
when does the boy in the striped pajamas take place | [
"World War II",
"during World War II"
] | [
{
"title": "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas",
"text": "early portion of the novel, writing: \"Boyne's reluctance to say as much can certainly be defended, not least on the grounds that the characters in a story about the Holocaust are themselves most likely unaware of the scale and historical importance of t... | {
"title": "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas",
"long_answer": "Bruno is a 9-year-old boy growing up during World War II in Berlin. He lives with his parents, his 12-year-old sister Gretel and maids, one of whom is called Maria. After a visit by Adolf Hitler, Bruno's father is promoted to Commandant, and the family has to move to \"Out-With\" because of the orders of \"The Fury\" (Bruno's naïve interpretation of the word 'Führer'). Bruno is initially upset about moving to Out-With (in actuality, Auschwitz) and leaving his friends, Daniel, Karl, and Martin. From the house at Out-With, Bruno sees a camp in which the prisoners wear striped pyjamas. One day, Bruno decides to explore the strange wire fence. As he walks along the fence, he meets a Jewish boy named Shmuel, who he learns shares his birthday. Shmuel says that his father, grandfather, and brother are with him on this side of the fence, but he is separated from his mother. Bruno and Shmuel talk and become very good friends, although Bruno still does not understand very much about Shmuel and his side of the fence. Nearly every day, unless it's raining, Bruno goes to see Shmuel and sneaks him food. As the meetings go on, and Shmuel gets more and more skinny, Bruno's naïveté means he never realizes he is living beside a death camp.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Bruno is a 9-year-old boy growing up during World War II in Berlin. He lives with his parents, his 12-year-old sister Gretel and maids, one of whom is called Maria. After a visit by Adolf Hitler, Bruno's father is promoted to Commandant, and the family has to move to \"Out-With\" because of the orders of \"The Fury\" (Bruno's naïve interpretation of the word 'Führer'). Bruno is initially upset about moving to Out-With (in actuality, Auschwitz) and leaving his friends, Daniel, Karl, and Martin. From the house at Out-With, Bruno sees a camp in which the prisoners wear striped pyjamas. One",
"short_answers": [
"World War II",
"during World War II"
]
} |
which body part(s) occupy the greatest portion of the primary motor cortex | [
"face",
"the human hands"
] | [
{
"title": "Primary motor cortex",
"text": "Primary motor cortex The primary motor cortex (Brodmann area 4) is a brain region that in humans is located in the dorsal portion of the frontal lobe. It is the primary region of the motor system and works in association with other motor areas including premotor c... | {
"title": "Primary motor cortex",
"long_answer": "At the primary motor cortex, motor representation is orderly arranged (in an inverted fashion) from the toe (at the top of the cerebral hemisphere) to mouth (at the bottom) along a fold in the cortex called the central sulcus. However, some body parts may be controlled by partially overlapping regions of cortex. Each cerebral hemisphere of the primary motor cortex only contains a motor representation of the opposite (contralateral) side of the body. The amount of primary motor cortex devoted to a body part is not proportional to the absolute size of the body surface, but, instead, to the relative density of cutaneous motor receptors on said body part. The density of cutaneous motor receptors on the body part is generally indicative of the necessary degree of precision of movement required at that body part. For this reason, the human hands and face have a much larger representation than the legs.",
"chunked_long_answer": "cortex. Each cerebral hemisphere of the primary motor cortex only contains a motor representation of the opposite (contralateral) side of the body. The amount of primary motor cortex devoted to a body part is not proportional to the absolute size of the body surface, but, instead, to the relative density of cutaneous motor receptors on said body part. The density of cutaneous motor receptors on the body part is generally indicative of the necessary degree of precision of movement required at that body part. For this reason, the human hands and face have a much larger representation than the legs.",
"short_answers": [
"face",
"the human hands"
]
} |
who penned the famous indian epic the ramayana | [
"Valmiki",
"the Hindu sage Valmiki"
] | [
{
"title": "Ramayana",
"text": "masterpiece of India, popularly known as \"Tulsi-krita Ramayana\". Gujarati poet Premanand wrote a version of the \"Ramayana\" in the 17th century. Other versions include Krittivasi Ramayan, a Bengali version by Krittibas Ojha in the 15th century; Vilanka Ramayana by 15th cen... | {
"title": "Ramayana",
"long_answer": "The epic, traditionally ascribed to the Hindu sage Valmiki, narrates the life of Rama, the legendary prince of the Kosala Kingdom. It follows his fourteen-year exile to the forest from the kingdom, by his father King Dasharatha, on request of his second wife Kaikeyi. His travels across forests in India with his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana, the kidnapping of his wife by Ravana, the demon king of Lanka, resulting in a war with him, and Rama's eventual return to Ayodhya to be crowned king.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The epic, traditionally ascribed to the Hindu sage Valmiki, narrates the life of Rama, the legendary prince of the Kosala Kingdom. It follows his fourteen-year exile to the forest from the kingdom, by his father King Dasharatha, on request of his second wife Kaikeyi. His travels across forests in India with his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana, the kidnapping of his wife by Ravana, the demon king of Lanka, resulting in a war with him, and Rama's eventual return to Ayodhya to be crowned king.",
"short_answers": [
"Valmiki",
"the Hindu sage Valmiki"
]
} |
who wrote the song what child is this | [
"William Chatterton Dix"
] | [
{
"title": "Desmond Child",
"text": "Desmond Child Desmond Child (born John Charles Barrett; October 28, 1953) is an American songwriter and producer. He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2008. He is the son of Hungarian father Joseph Marfy and a Cuban songwriter Elena Casals. His hits as a ... | {
"title": "What Child Is This?",
"long_answer": "\"What Child Is This?\" is a Christmas carol whose lyrics were written by William Chatterton Dix, in 1865. At the time of composing the carol, Dix worked as an insurance company manager and had been struck by a severe illness. While recovering, he underwent a spiritual renewal that led him to write several hymns, including lyrics to this carol that was subsequently set to the tune of \"Greensleeves\", a traditional English folk song. Although it was written in Great Britain, the carol is more popular in the United States than in its country of origin today.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"What Child Is This?\" is a Christmas carol whose lyrics were written by William Chatterton Dix, in 1865. At the time of composing the carol, Dix worked as an insurance company manager and had been struck by a severe illness. While recovering, he underwent a spiritual renewal that led him to write several hymns, including lyrics to this carol that was subsequently set to the tune of \"Greensleeves\", a traditional English folk song. Although it was written in Great Britain, the carol is more popular in the United States than in its country of origin today.",
"short_answers": [
"William Chatterton Dix"
]
} |
what type of government is in north america | [
"Federal presidential constitutional republic",
"federal republic"
] | [
{
"title": "Government of Canada",
"text": "authority, that indeed ideal 'democracy' consists precisely in this kind of plebiscitary autocracy.\" Government of Canada The Government of Canada (), officially Her Majesty's Government (), is the federal administration of Canada. In Canadian English, the term c... | {
"title": "United States",
"long_answer": "The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America (/əˈmɛrɪkə/), is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions. At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km) and with over 324 million people, the United States is the world's third- or fourth-largest country by total area and the third-most populous. The capital is Washington, D.C., and the largest city by population is New York City. Forty-eight states and the capital's federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, stretching across nine official time zones. The extremely diverse geography, climate, and wildlife of the United States make it one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America (/əˈmɛrɪkə/), is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions. At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km) and with over 324 million people, the United States is the world's third- or fourth-largest country by total area and the third-most populous. The capital is Washington, D.C., and the largest city by population is New York City. Forty-eight states and the capital's federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state",
"short_answers": [
"federal republic"
]
} |
when did the eagles last play in a superbowl | [
"2017 season"
] | [
{
"title": "Veterans Stadium",
"text": "Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the NFC Championship Game on January 19, 2003. The Eagles moved into Lincoln Financial Field in August 2003. The final game ever played at the stadium was the afternoon of September 28, 2003, a 5-2 Phillies loss to the Atlanta Braves. The final... | {
"title": "2004 Philadelphia Eagles season",
"long_answer": "The Eagles had far and away the best team in the NFC and proved that right from the start. Possessing a high-powered offense which featured McNabb, Owens, and Brian Westbrook, as well as a bruising defense led by Pro Bowlers Trotter, Brian Dawkins, Lito Sheppard, and Michael Lewis, they steamrolled opponents on the way to a 13–1 start to the season. After resting starters for the final two games, the 13–3 Eagles soared past the Minnesota Vikings and the Atlanta Falcons in the playoffs, earning a trip to Super Bowl XXXIX in Jacksonville against the defending champion New England Patriots. The game was hard fought, but the Eagles fell 24–21, ending their magical season one score short of the ultimate goal. This season was considered the franchise's most successful until their Super Bowl LII-winning 2017 season.",
"chunked_long_answer": "led by Pro Bowlers Trotter, Brian Dawkins, Lito Sheppard, and Michael Lewis, they steamrolled opponents on the way to a 13–1 start to the season. After resting starters for the final two games, the 13–3 Eagles soared past the Minnesota Vikings and the Atlanta Falcons in the playoffs, earning a trip to Super Bowl XXXIX in Jacksonville against the defending champion New England Patriots. The game was hard fought, but the Eagles fell 24–21, ending their magical season one score short of the ultimate goal. This season was considered the franchise's most successful until their Super Bowl LII-winning 2017 season.",
"short_answers": [
"2017 season"
]
} |
what happens when an air mass is pushed up and over a mountain range | [
"Orographic lift"
] | [
{
"title": "Air mass",
"text": "oriented clouds (see satellite picture) which produce snow showers. The temperature decrease with height and cloud depth are directly affected by both the water temperature and the large-scale environment. The stronger the temperature decrease with height, the deeper the clou... | {
"title": "Orographic lift",
"long_answer": "Orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain. As the air mass gains altitude it quickly cools down adiabatically, which can raise the relative humidity to 100% and create clouds and, under the right conditions, precipitation.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain. As the air mass gains altitude it quickly cools down adiabatically, which can raise the relative humidity to 100% and create clouds and, under the right conditions, precipitation.",
"short_answers": [
"Orographic lift"
]
} |
when did the great fire of london end | [
"5 September 1666",
"Wednesday, 5 September 1666"
] | [
{
"title": "Great Fire of London",
"text": "the bridge, a long gap between the buildings which had saved the south side of the Thames in the fire of 1632 and now did so again. Flying embers started a fire in Southwark but it was quickly stopped. The fire's spread to the north reached the financial heart of ... | {
"title": "Great Fire of London",
"long_answer": "The Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of the English city of London from Sunday, 2 September to Wednesday, 5 September 1666. The fire gutted the medieval City of London inside the old Roman city wall. It threatened but did not reach the aristocratic district of Westminster, Charles II's Palace of Whitehall, and most of the suburban slums. It consumed 13,200 houses, 87 parish churches, St Paul's Cathedral, and most of the buildings of the City authorities. It is estimated to have destroyed the homes of 70,000 of the City's 80,000 inhabitants.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of the English city of London from Sunday, 2 September to Wednesday, 5 September 1666. The fire gutted the medieval City of London inside the old Roman city wall. It threatened but did not reach the aristocratic district of Westminster, Charles II's Palace of Whitehall, and most of the suburban slums. It consumed 13,200 houses, 87 parish churches, St Paul's Cathedral, and most of the buildings of the City authorities. It is estimated to have destroyed the homes of 70,000 of the City's 80,000 inhabitants.",
"short_answers": [
"5 September 1666",
"Wednesday, 5 September 1666"
]
} |
who created the convention on the rights of the child | [
"The UN General Assembly",
"The United Nations"
] | [
{
"title": "U.S. ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child",
"text": "U.S. ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child The United States has signed the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), but is the only United Nations member state that is not a party to it. The U... | {
"title": "Convention on the Rights of the Child",
"long_answer": "The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (commonly abbreviated as the CRC or UNCRC) is a human rights treaty which sets out the civil, political, economic, social, health and cultural rights of children. The Convention defines a child as any human being under the age of eighteen, unless the age of majority is attained earlier under national legislation.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (commonly abbreviated as the CRC or UNCRC) is a human rights treaty which sets out the civil, political, economic, social, health and cultural rights of children. The Convention defines a child as any human being under the age of eighteen, unless the age of majority is attained earlier under national legislation.",
"short_answers": [
"The United Nations"
]
} |
pace maker is associated with which body organ | [
"heart",
"the heart"
] | [
{
"title": "Pacemaker (running)",
"text": "Pacemaker (running) A pacemaker or pacesetter, sometimes informally called a rabbit, is a runner who leads a middle- or long distance running event for the first section to ensure a fast time and avoid excessive tactical racing. Pacemakers are frequently employed b... | {
"title": "Artificial cardiac pacemaker",
"long_answer": "A pacemaker (or artificial pacemaker, so as not to be confused with the heart's natural pacemaker) is a medical device which uses electrical impulses, delivered by electrodes contracting the heart muscles, to regulate the beating of the heart.",
"chunked_long_answer": "A pacemaker (or artificial pacemaker, so as not to be confused with the heart's natural pacemaker) is a medical device which uses electrical impulses, delivered by electrodes contracting the heart muscles, to regulate the beating of the heart.",
"short_answers": [
"heart",
"the heart"
]
} |
who won the most mvp awards in the nba | [
"Kareem Abdul-Jabbar"
] | [
{
"title": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award",
"text": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award The National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner re... | {
"title": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award",
"long_answer": "Every player who has won this award and has been eligible for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame has been inducted. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar won the award a record six times. Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times, while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times. Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons. Moses Malone, Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times, while Bob Pettit, Karl Malone, Tim Duncan, Steve Nash and Stephen Curry have each won it twice. Only two rookies have won the award: Wilt Chamberlain in the 1959–60 season and Wes Unseld in the 1968–69 season. Hakeem Olajuwon of Nigeria, Tim Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Steve Nash of Canada and Dirk Nowitzki of Germany are the only MVP winners considered \"international players\" by the NBA.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Every player who has won this award and has been eligible for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame has been inducted. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar won the award a record six times. Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times, while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times. Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons. Moses Malone, Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times, while Bob Pettit, Karl Malone, Tim Duncan, Steve Nash and Stephen Curry have each won it twice.",
"short_answers": [
"Kareem Abdul-Jabbar"
]
} |
who was originally cast to play indiana jones | [
"Tom Selleck"
] | [
{
"title": "Cowboys & Aliens",
"text": "Aliens\", Ford had previously acted in the Western films \"A Time for Killing\" in 1967, \"Journey to Shiloh\" in 1969 and \"The Frisco Kid\" in 1979. While Ford is well known for playing Indiana Jones, the filmmakers wanted to avoid giving him a cowboy hat that would... | {
"title": "Indiana Jones",
"long_answer": "Originally, Spielberg suggested Harrison Ford; Lucas resisted the idea, since he had already cast the actor in American Graffiti, Star Wars and The Empire Strikes Back, and did not want Ford to become known as his \"Bobby De Niro\" (in reference to the fact that fellow director Martin Scorsese regularly casts Robert De Niro in his films). During an intensive casting process, Lucas and Spielberg auditioned many actors, and finally cast actor Tom Selleck as Indiana Jones. Shortly afterward pre-production began in earnest on Raiders of the Lost Ark. However, CBS refused to release Selleck from his contractual commitment to Magnum, P.I. (which was gradually gaining momentum in the ratings), forcing him to turn down the role. One of CBS's concerns was that shooting for Magnum P.I. conflicted with shooting for Raiders, both of which were to begin about the same time. However, Selleck was to say later in an interview that shooting for Magnum P.I. was delayed and did not actually begin until shooting for Raiders had concluded.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Wars and The Empire Strikes Back, and did not want Ford to become known as his \"Bobby De Niro\" (in reference to the fact that fellow director Martin Scorsese regularly casts Robert De Niro in his films). During an intensive casting process, Lucas and Spielberg auditioned many actors, and finally cast actor Tom Selleck as Indiana Jones. Shortly afterward pre-production began in earnest on Raiders of the Lost Ark. However, CBS refused to release Selleck from his contractual commitment to Magnum, P.I. (which was gradually gaining momentum in the ratings), forcing him to turn down the role. One of CBS's",
"short_answers": [
"Tom Selleck"
]
} |
when was the first temple built in jerusalem | [
"the mid-10th century BCE"
] | [
{
"title": "Second Temple",
"text": "Second Temple The Second Temple (, \"Beit HaMikdash HaSheni\") was the Jewish holy temple which stood on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem during the Second Temple period, between 516 BCE and 70 CE. According to Jewish tradition, it replaced Solomon's Temple (the First Templ... | {
"title": "Solomon's Temple",
"long_answer": "The only source of information on the First Temple is the Tanakh. According to the biblical sources, the temple was constructed under Solomon, during the united monarchy of Israel and Judah. The Bible describes Hiram I of Tyre who furnished architects, workmen and cedar timbers for the temple of his ally Solomon at Jerusalem. He also co-operated with Solomon in mounting an expedition on the Red Sea. 1 Kings 6:1 puts the date of the beginning of building the temple \"in the fourth year of Solomon's reign over Israel\". The conventional dates of Solomon's reign are circa 970 to 931 BCE. This puts the date of its construction in the mid-10th century BCE. Schmid and Rupprecht are of the view that the site of the temple used to be a Jebusite shrine which Solomon chose in an attempt to unify the Jebusites and Israelites. 1 Kings 9:10 says that it took Solomon 20 years altogether to build the Temple and his royal palace. The Temple itself finished being built after 7 years. During the united monarchy the Temple was dedicated to Yahweh, the God of Israel, and housed the Ark of the Covenant. Rabbinic sources state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and, based on the 2nd-century work Seder Olam Rabbah, place construction in 832 BCE and destruction in 422 BCE (3338 AM), 165 years later than secular estimates.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Solomon in mounting an expedition on the Red Sea. 1 Kings 6:1 puts the date of the beginning of building the temple \"in the fourth year of Solomon's reign over Israel\". The conventional dates of Solomon's reign are circa 970 to 931 BCE. This puts the date of its construction in the mid-10th century BCE. Schmid and Rupprecht are of the view that the site of the temple used to be a Jebusite shrine which Solomon chose in an attempt to unify the Jebusites and Israelites. 1 Kings 9:10 says that it took Solomon 20 years altogether to build the",
"short_answers": [
"the mid-10th century BCE"
]
} |
who was the grandfather on the cosby show | [
"Earle Hyman"
] | [
{
"title": "Bill Cosby",
"text": "Bill Cosby William Henry Cosby Jr. (; born July 12, 1937) is an American former stand-up comedian, actor, musician, author, and convicted sex offender. Cosby began his career as a stand-up comic at the hungry i in San Francisco during the 1960s. He then landed a starring ro... | {
"title": "Earle Hyman",
"long_answer": "Earle Hyman (October 11, 1926 – November 17, 2017) was an American stage, television, and film actor. Hyman is known for his role on ThunderCats as the voice of Panthro and various other characters. He also appeared on The Cosby Show as Cliff's father, Russell Huxtable.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Earle Hyman (October 11, 1926 – November 17, 2017) was an American stage, television, and film actor. Hyman is known for his role on ThunderCats as the voice of Panthro and various other characters. He also appeared on The Cosby Show as Cliff's father, Russell Huxtable.",
"short_answers": [
"Earle Hyman"
]
} |
where did the tea come from in the boston tea party | [
"England",
"East India Company",
"the East India Company"
] | [
{
"title": "Boston Tea Party",
"text": "than 2,000 chests containing nearly 600,000 pounds of tea. Americans learned the details of the Tea Act while the ships were en route, and opposition began to mount. Whigs, sometimes calling themselves Sons of Liberty, began a campaign to raise awareness and to convin... | {
"title": "Boston Tea Party",
"long_answer": "The Boston Tea Party was a political protest and mercantile protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. In defiance of the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, which allowed the British East India company to sell tea from China in American colonies without paying any taxes, thus undercutting local tea merchants, the demonstrators, some disguised as Native Americans, destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Boston Tea Party was a political protest and mercantile protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. In defiance of the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, which allowed the British East India company to sell tea from China in American colonies without paying any taxes, thus undercutting local tea merchants, the demonstrators, some disguised as Native Americans, destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company.",
"short_answers": [
"East India Company",
"the East India Company"
]
} |
what country shares borders with both belarus and romania | [
"Ukraine"
] | [
{
"title": "Belarus–Lithuania border",
"text": "border is based on the border between Lithuanian SSR and Belarusian SSR within Soviet Union, which had remained largely stable since 1940. Since 2004 the border has served as the outer border of the European Union and, since 2007, the Schengen area. These deve... | {
"title": "State Border of Ukraine",
"long_answer": "Ukraine borders with seven countries: Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova, Russia, and Belarus. The total length of the Ukrainian border is 6,992.98 km (4,345.24 mi). In reality Ukraine does not have real established and ratified borders with Russia, Belarus, and Moldova (republics of the former Soviet Union). The borders with other countries were inherited from the Soviet border patrol service which was recreated into the Ukrainian after the fall of the Soviet Union.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Ukraine borders with seven countries: Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova, Russia, and Belarus. The total length of the Ukrainian border is 6,992.98 km (4,345.24 mi). In reality Ukraine does not have real established and ratified borders with Russia, Belarus, and Moldova (republics of the former Soviet Union). The borders with other countries were inherited from the Soviet border patrol service which was recreated into the Ukrainian after the fall of the Soviet Union.",
"short_answers": [
"Ukraine"
]
} |
who was one of the first to chart the course of forgetting over time | [
"Hermann Ebbinghaus"
] | [
{
"title": "Ed Cooke (author)",
"text": "(a microwave in the kitchen). He also features prominently in Joshua Foer's \"Moonwalking with Einstein\", having acted as memory coach to Foer, who went on to become U.S. Memory Champion. He is co-founder of Memrise, an online educational platform that uses memory t... | {
"title": "Forgetting curve",
"long_answer": "In 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus collected data to plot a forgetting curve. Today, we approximate forgetting with an exponential curve:",
"chunked_long_answer": "In 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus collected data to plot a forgetting curve. Today, we approximate forgetting with an exponential curve:",
"short_answers": [
"Hermann Ebbinghaus"
]
} |
the most stable mineral at the earth's surface | [
"quartz",
"feldspar"
] | [
{
"title": "Calcite",
"text": "Calcite Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO). The Mohs scale of mineral hardness, based on scratch hardness comparison, defines value 3 as \"calcite\". Other polymorphs of calcium carbonate are the minerals aragonite and vate... | {
"title": "Sandstone",
"long_answer": "Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar because they are the most resistant minerals to weathering processes at the Earth's surface, as seen in Bowen's reaction series. Like uncemented sand, sandstone may be any color due to impurities within the minerals, but the most common colors are tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, pink, white, and black. Since sandstone beds often form highly visible cliffs and other topographic features, certain colors of sandstone have been strongly identified with certain regions.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar because they are the most resistant minerals to weathering processes at the Earth's surface, as seen in Bowen's reaction series. Like uncemented sand, sandstone may be any color due to impurities within the minerals, but the most common colors are tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, pink, white, and black. Since sandstone beds often form highly visible cliffs and other topographic features, certain colors of sandstone have been strongly identified with certain regions.",
"short_answers": [
"feldspar",
"quartz"
]
} |
who did the whistling in the muppet movie | [
"Andrew Bird",
"musician Andrew Bird"
] | [
{
"title": "The Muppets (film)",
"text": "a whistling act, which is unanimously praised by the audience. Refusing to lose, Richman disables the telephone lines and evicts the Muppets from the theater, after the latter fall short of their monetary goal. Kermit gathers the group in the lobby and delivers a sp... | {
"title": "Walter (Muppet)",
"long_answer": "Later in the film, Walter starts to question whether he is man, which he was believed to be his entire life, or actually a Muppet, which was why he always felt a strong connection towards them. This emotion eventually leads him to sing the Academy Award-winning song, \"Man or Muppet\", where the human version of Walter is portrayed by actor Jim Parsons. The scene is pivotal to the character's arc as it resolves Walter's internal issues with himself. The character's solo act of whistling in the telethon's finale was performed by musician Andrew Bird. At the conclusion of the film, Walter deduces that he is a Muppet, adopts whistling as his sole talent and joins the group as their newest member.",
"chunked_long_answer": "or actually a Muppet, which was why he always felt a strong connection towards them. This emotion eventually leads him to sing the Academy Award-winning song, \"Man or Muppet\", where the human version of Walter is portrayed by actor Jim Parsons. The scene is pivotal to the character's arc as it resolves Walter's internal issues with himself. The character's solo act of whistling in the telethon's finale was performed by musician Andrew Bird. At the conclusion of the film, Walter deduces that he is a Muppet, adopts whistling as his sole talent and joins the group as their newest member.",
"short_answers": [
"Andrew Bird",
"musician Andrew Bird"
]
} |
how many games in a row have the uconn women's basketball team won | [
"111 straight wins",
"111",
"90"
] | [
{
"title": "2016–17 Connecticut Huskies women's basketball team",
"text": "UConn Huskies on the sustained excellence it has taken to establish a new consecutive games won record. Even though they make it look easy at times, 91 wins and counting is an unbelievable accomplishment. It is saying something when ... | {
"title": "Connecticut Huskies women's basketball",
"long_answer": "UConn owns the two longest winning streaks, any gender, in college basketball history. The longest streak, 111 straight wins, started with a win against Creighton on November 23, 2014, and ended on March 31, 2017 when a buzzer-beater at the end of the overtime caused a loss in the 2017 NCAA Final Four by Mississippi State. The second streak counts 90 consecutive wins, including two undefeated seasons (2008–09 and 2009–10), and was delimited by two losses against Stanford, the first on April 6, 2008 in the National Semifinals of the NCAA Tournament, and the second – three seasons later – on December 19, 2010.",
"chunked_long_answer": "longest winning streaks, any gender, in college basketball history. The longest streak, 111 straight wins, started with a win against Creighton on November 23, 2014, and ended on March 31, 2017 when a buzzer-beater at the end of the overtime caused a loss in the 2017 NCAA Final Four by Mississippi State. The second streak counts 90 consecutive wins, including two undefeated seasons (2008–09 and 2009–10), and was delimited by two losses against Stanford, the first on April 6, 2008 in the National Semifinals of the NCAA Tournament, and the second – three seasons later – on December 19, 2010.",
"short_answers": [
"111",
"111 straight wins",
"90"
]
} |
when did scotland last qualify for world cup | [
"1998"
] | [
{
"title": "Scotland national football team",
"text": "finishing third in their qualifying group behind Croatia and Belgium. This second successive failure to qualify prompted Craig Brown to resign from his position after the final qualifying match. The SFA appointed former Germany manager Berti Vogts as Br... | {
"title": "Scotland at the FIFA World Cup",
"long_answer": "Craig Brown guided Scotland to qualification for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, finishing as the best runners-up. Scotland were drawn against holders Brazil in the opening game of the World Cup. John Collins scored from the penalty spot to level the score at 1–1, but a Tom Boyd own goal led to a 2–1 defeat. Scotland drew their next game 1–1 with Norway in Bordeaux, but the final match against Morocco ended in a 3–0 defeat. Scotland have not appeared at the World Cup since.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Craig Brown guided Scotland to qualification for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, finishing as the best runners-up. Scotland were drawn against holders Brazil in the opening game of the World Cup. John Collins scored from the penalty spot to level the score at 1–1, but a Tom Boyd own goal led to a 2–1 defeat. Scotland drew their next game 1–1 with Norway in Bordeaux, but the final match against Morocco ended in a 3–0 defeat. Scotland have not appeared at the World Cup since.",
"short_answers": [
"1998"
]
} |
who plays the main character in hacksaw ridge | [
"Andrew Garfield"
] | [
{
"title": "Hacksaw Ridge",
"text": "Worthington, Luke Bracey, Teresa Palmer, Hugo Weaving, Rachel Griffiths, and Vince Vaughn in supporting roles. The film was released in the United States on November 4, 2016, grossing $175.3 million worldwide and received largely positive reviews, with Gibson's direction... | {
"title": "Hacksaw Ridge",
"long_answer": "Hacksaw Ridge is a 2016 biographical war drama film directed by Mel Gibson and written by Andrew Knight and Robert Schenkkan, based on the 2004 documentary The Conscientious Objector. The film focuses on the World War II experiences of Desmond Doss, an American pacifist combat medic who was a Seventh-day Adventist Christian, refusing to carry or use a firearm or weapons of any kind. Doss became the first conscientious objector to be awarded the Medal of Honor, for service above and beyond the call of duty during the Battle of Okinawa. Andrew Garfield stars as Doss, with Sam Worthington, Luke Bracey, Teresa Palmer, Hugo Weaving, Rachel Griffiths, and Vince Vaughn in supporting roles.",
"chunked_long_answer": "and written by Andrew Knight and Robert Schenkkan, based on the 2004 documentary The Conscientious Objector. The film focuses on the World War II experiences of Desmond Doss, an American pacifist combat medic who was a Seventh-day Adventist Christian, refusing to carry or use a firearm or weapons of any kind. Doss became the first conscientious objector to be awarded the Medal of Honor, for service above and beyond the call of duty during the Battle of Okinawa. Andrew Garfield stars as Doss, with Sam Worthington, Luke Bracey, Teresa Palmer, Hugo Weaving, Rachel Griffiths, and Vince Vaughn in supporting roles.",
"short_answers": [
"Andrew Garfield"
]
} |
who opens the church of the holy sepulchre | [
"the Sunni Muslim family",
"the Nusaybah family"
] | [
{
"title": "Fathers of the Holy Sepulchre",
"text": "and at midnight, while chanting their Office, they go in procession to the tomb of the Saviour, where they intone the Benedictus. Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph, in 1869, on his way to the opening of the Suez Canal, visited the Holy Land. He conferred nume... | {
"title": "Nusaybah clan",
"long_answer": "According to tradition, the Nusaybah family took its name from a female companion or Sahabah of the Islamic prophet Muhammad named Nusaybah bint Ka'ab. She was a member of the Ansar who transferred their political power over Medina to the prophet. Nusaybah fought along with Muhammed in battle and was an early example of women taking leadership roles in Islam. Since the arrival of Islam in Jerusalem in the seventh century, the Sunni Muslim family has held the keys of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre alongside the Joudeh Al-Goudia family (who were added to the original arrangement in the time of Saladin, the Muslim conqueror who seized the holy city from the Crusaders in 1187). This arrangement emerged during the days of the second Sunni caliph Umar Ibn al-Khattab, who hoped to avoid clashes among rival Christian sects for control over the church. Although symbolic, the arrangement has provided the stability the Christians of the city needed, and is a symbol of tolerance and inter-religious harmony, and gave the Nusaybah family a visible role in Christian activities in Jerusalem, which include pilgrimages and visits by Western Christians.",
"chunked_long_answer": "According to tradition, the Nusaybah family took its name from a female companion or Sahabah of the Islamic prophet Muhammad named Nusaybah bint Ka'ab. She was a member of the Ansar who transferred their political power over Medina to the prophet. Nusaybah fought along with Muhammed in battle and was an early example of women taking leadership roles in Islam. Since the arrival of Islam in Jerusalem in the seventh century, the Sunni Muslim family has held the keys of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre alongside the Joudeh Al-Goudia family (who were added to the original arrangement in the time of Saladin, the Muslim conqueror who seized the holy city from the Crusaders in 1187). This arrangement emerged during the days of the second Sunni caliph Umar Ibn al-Khattab, who hoped to avoid clashes among rival Christian sects for control over the church. Although symbolic, the arrangement has provided the stability the Christians of the city needed, and is a symbol of tolerance and inter-religious harmony, and gave the Nusaybah family a visible role in Christian activities in Jerusalem, which include pilgrimages and visits by Western Christians.",
"short_answers": [
"the Sunni Muslim family",
"the Nusaybah family"
]
} |
india participated olympic hockey for the first time | [
"1927",
"1928"
] | [
{
"title": "India at the 2016 Summer Olympics",
"text": "team qualified for the Olympics by receiving a berth and earning the gold medal from the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon. ---- India women's field hockey team qualified for the Olympics by having achieved a top five finish at the 2014–15 Women's FIH Hocke... | {
"title": "India at the Olympics",
"long_answer": "In 1927, the provisional Indian Olympic Committee formally became the Indian Olympic Association (IOA); its main tasks were to promote the development of sports in India, choose host cities for the national games, and send teams selected from the national games to the Summer Olympics. Thus, at the 1928 national games, it selected seven athletes to represent India at the next Summer Olympics, with Sondhi as manager. By this time, the Indian Hockey Federation (IHF) had also been established and it sent a hockey team to the Summer Olympics. The national hockey team and additional sportspersons were similarly sent to the 1932 Games (four athletes and one swimmer) and 1936 (four athletes, three wrestlers, one Burmese weight-lifter), along with three officials headed by team manager Sondhi.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In 1927, the provisional Indian Olympic Committee formally became the Indian Olympic Association (IOA); its main tasks were to promote the development of sports in India, choose host cities for the national games, and send teams selected from the national games to the Summer Olympics. Thus, at the 1928 national games, it selected seven athletes to represent India at the next Summer Olympics, with Sondhi as manager. By this time, the Indian Hockey Federation (IHF) had also been established and it sent a hockey team to the Summer Olympics. The national hockey team and additional sportspersons were similarly sent to",
"short_answers": [
"1927",
"1928"
]
} |
when was how deep is your love released | [
"1977",
"September 1977"
] | [
{
"title": "How Deep Is Your Love (Sean Paul song)",
"text": "Is Your Love\" was first released onto YouTube on 4 October 2012 at a total length of three minutes and twenty-seven seconds. The music video premiered on BET's 106 & Park on 2 October 2012, when Sean Paul visited the show to premiere the video. ... | {
"title": "How Deep Is Your Love (Bee Gees song)",
"long_answer": "\"How Deep Is Your Love\" is a pop ballad and Rap based, written, and recorded by the Bee Gees in 1977 and released as a single in September of that year. It was ultimately used as part of the soundtrack to the film Saturday Night Fever. It was a number three hit in the United Kingdom and Australia. In the United States, it topped the Billboard Hot 100 on 24 December 1977 (becoming the first of six consecutive US number-one hits), ended the 10-week reign of Debby Boone's \"You Light Up My Life\" and stayed in the Top 10 for a then-record 17 weeks. The single spent six weeks atop the US adult contemporary chart. It is listed at number 22 on the 55th anniversary edition of Billboard's All Time Top 100. Alongside \"Stayin' Alive\" and \"Night Fever\", it is one of the group's three tracks on the list. The song was covered by Take That for their 1996 Greatest Hits album, reaching number-one on the UK Singles Chart for three weeks.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"How Deep Is Your Love\" is a pop ballad and Rap based, written, and recorded by the Bee Gees in 1977 and released as a single in September of that year. It was ultimately used as part of the soundtrack to the film Saturday Night Fever. It was a number three hit in the United Kingdom and Australia. In the United States, it topped the Billboard Hot 100 on 24 December 1977 (becoming the first of six consecutive US number-one hits), ended the 10-week reign of Debby Boone's \"You Light Up My Life\" and stayed in the Top 10 for a then-record 17 weeks. ",
"short_answers": [
"1977"
]
} |
where was the last world cup held and who won | [
"Germany",
"hosted by Brazil",
"won by Germany",
"Estádio do Maracanã"
] | [
{
"title": "Mário Zagallo",
"text": "inside forward. Zagallo won the World Cup as a manager in 1970, and as assistant coach in 1994, both with Brazil. He was the first person to win the World Cup both as a player and as a manager. Winning the World Cup in 1970 at the age of 38, he is also the second younge... | {
"title": "List of FIFA World Cup finals",
"long_answer": "The FIFA World Cup is an international association football competition established in 1930. It is contested by the men's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The tournament has taken place every four years, except in 1942 and 1946, when the competition was cancelled due to World War II. The most recent World Cup, hosted by Brazil in 2014, was won by Germany, who beat Argentina 1–0 after extra time.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The FIFA World Cup is an international association football competition established in 1930. It is contested by the men's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The tournament has taken place every four years, except in 1942 and 1946, when the competition was cancelled due to World War II. The most recent World Cup, hosted by Brazil in 2014, was won by Germany, who beat Argentina 1–0 after extra time.",
"short_answers": [
"hosted by Brazil",
"won by Germany"
]
} |
when was the internet introduced to the public | [
"September 1993",
"1995",
"in the very late 1980s"
] | [
{
"title": "Internet service provider",
"text": "such as UUCP. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1991, shortly after the introduction of the World Wide Web. During the 1980s, online service providers such ... | {
"title": "History of the Internet",
"long_answer": "A boost in web users was triggered in September 1993 by NCSA Mosaic, a graphical browser which eventually ran on several popular office and home computers. This was the first web browser aiming to bring multimedia content to non-technical users, and therefore included images and text on the same page, unlike previous browser designs; its founder, Marc Andreessen, also established the company that in 1994, released Netscape Navigator, which resulted in one of the early browser wars, when it ended up in a competition for dominance (which it lost) with Microsoft Windows' Internet Explorer. Commercial use restrictions were lifted in 1995. The online service America Online (AOL) offered their users a connection to the Internet via their own internal browser.",
"chunked_long_answer": "A boost in web users was triggered in September 1993 by NCSA Mosaic, a graphical browser which eventually ran on several popular office and home computers. This was the first web browser aiming to bring multimedia content to non-technical users, and therefore included images and text on the same page, unlike previous browser designs; its founder, Marc Andreessen, also established the company that in 1994, released Netscape Navigator, which resulted in one of the early browser wars, when it ended up in a competition for dominance (which it lost) with Microsoft Windows' Internet Explorer. Commercial use restrictions were lifted in 1995. ",
"short_answers": [
"1995",
"September 1993"
]
} |
where does creatine come from in the body | [
"kidneys",
"liver",
"the liver and kidneys",
"arginine",
"glycine"
] | [
{
"title": "Creatine",
"text": "that the intramuscular stores of creatine can be increased by ingesting creatine in larger than normal amounts, scientists discovered \"creatine phosphate\", and determined that creatine is a key player in the metabolism of skeletal muscle. The substance creatine is naturally... | {
"title": "Creatine",
"long_answer": "Creatine synthesis primarily occurs in the liver and kidneys. On average, it is produced endogenously at an estimated rate of about 8.3 mmol or 1 gram per day in young adults. Creatine is also obtained through the diet at a rate of about 1 gram per day from an omnivorous diet. Most of the human body's total creatine and phosphocreatine stores are found in skeletal muscle, while the remainder is distributed in the blood, brain, and other tissues.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Creatine synthesis primarily occurs in the liver and kidneys. On average, it is produced endogenously at an estimated rate of about 8.3 mmol or 1 gram per day in young adults. Creatine is also obtained through the diet at a rate of about 1 gram per day from an omnivorous diet. Most of the human body's total creatine and phosphocreatine stores are found in skeletal muscle, while the remainder is distributed in the blood, brain, and other tissues.",
"short_answers": [
"kidneys",
"liver",
"the liver and kidneys"
]
} |
what happens when iron reacts with oxygen and water | [
"Rust"
] | [
{
"title": "Iron-rich sedimentary rocks",
"text": "from bacteria or by chemical oxidation. This often happens when ferrous ions come into contact with water (due to dissolved oxygen within surface waters) and a water-mineral reaction occurs. The formula for the oxidation/reduction of iron is: The formula wo... | {
"title": "Rust",
"long_answer": "Rust is an iron oxide, a usually red oxide formed by the redox reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water or air moisture. Several forms of rust are distinguishable both visually and by spectroscopy, and form under different circumstances. Rust consists of hydrated iron(III) oxides Fe2O3·nH2O and iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (FeO(OH), Fe(OH)3).",
"chunked_long_answer": "Rust is an iron oxide, a usually red oxide formed by the redox reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water or air moisture. Several forms of rust are distinguishable both visually and by spectroscopy, and form under different circumstances. Rust consists of hydrated iron(III) oxides Fe2O3·nH2O and iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (FeO(OH), Fe(OH)3).",
"short_answers": [
"Rust"
]
} |
when did the continental congress vote to adopt the declaration of independence | [
"July 2, 1776"
] | [
{
"title": "Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence",
"text": "in favor and New York abstaining. The date that the Declaration was signed has long been the subject of debate. Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams all wrote that it was signed by Congress on the day when it was ... | {
"title": "Continental Congress",
"long_answer": "Although the delegates were divided early on as to whether to break from Crown rule, the second Continental Congress on July 2, 1776, passed a resolution asserting independence, with no opposing vote recorded. The Declaration of Independence was issued two days later declaring themselves a new nation: the United States of America. It established a Continental Army, giving command to one of its members, George Washington of Virginia. It waged war with Great Britain, made a militia treaty with France, and funded the war effort with loans and paper money.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Although the delegates were divided early on as to whether to break from Crown rule, the second Continental Congress on July 2, 1776, passed a resolution asserting independence, with no opposing vote recorded. The Declaration of Independence was issued two days later declaring themselves a new nation: the United States of America. It established a Continental Army, giving command to one of its members, George Washington of Virginia. It waged war with Great Britain, made a militia treaty with France, and funded the war effort with loans and paper money.",
"short_answers": [
"July 2, 1776"
]
} |
where did the titanic sink at what ocean | [
"North Atlantic Ocean"
] | [
{
"title": "Wreck of the RMS Titanic",
"text": "Wreck of the RMS Titanic The wreck of the RMS \"Titanic\" lies at a depth of about , about south-southeast off the coast of Newfoundland. It lies in two main pieces about a third of a mile (600 m) apart. The bow is still recognizable with many preserved interi... | {
"title": "RMS Titanic",
"long_answer": "RMS Titanic (/taɪˈtænɪk/) was a British passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early morning hours of 15 April 1912, after it collided with an iceberg during its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. There were an estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard the ship, and more than 1,500 died, making it one of the deadliest commercial peacetime maritime disasters in modern history. The RMS Titanic was the largest ship afloat at the time it entered service and was the second of three Olympic-class ocean liners operated by the White Star Line. The Titanic was built by the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast. Thomas Andrews, her architect, died in the disaster.",
"chunked_long_answer": "RMS Titanic (/taɪˈtænɪk/) was a British passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early morning hours of 15 April 1912, after it collided with an iceberg during its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. There were an estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard the ship, and more than 1,500 died, making it one of the deadliest commercial peacetime maritime disasters in modern history. The RMS Titanic was the largest ship afloat at the time it entered service and was the second of three Olympic-class ocean liners operated by the White Star Line. The Titanic",
"short_answers": [
"North Atlantic Ocean"
]
} |
when did chicano studies become major studies programs on college campuses | [
"By 1975",
"1972"
] | [
{
"title": "Latino studies",
"text": "of Latino Studies significantly differs from institution to institution in terms of nomenclature, pedagogical practice, and disciplinary location—with examples ranging from degree-granting autonomous departments to interdisciplinary (and multidisciplinary) programs to u... | {
"title": "Chicana/o studies",
"long_answer": "By 1975, many Chicano studies programs were in place at major universities.",
"chunked_long_answer": "By 1975, many Chicano studies programs were in place at major universities.",
"short_answers": [
"By 1975"
]
} |
where does the lincoln highway begin and end | [
"Lincoln Park in San Francisco"
] | [
{
"title": "Route of the Lincoln Highway",
"text": "present State Route 171 and State Route 138. From Timpie it turned south roughly along present State Route 196, running to Orr's Ranch (), now a bit north of the east gate of the Dugway Proving Ground). Between Orr's Ranch and the north edge of the Dugway ... | {
"title": "Lincoln Highway",
"long_answer": "The Lincoln Highway was one of the earliest transcontinental highways for automobiles across the United States of America. Conceived in 1912 by Indiana entrepreneur Carl G. Fisher, and formally dedicated October 31, 1913, the Lincoln Highway ran coast-to-coast from Times Square in New York City west to Lincoln Park in San Francisco, originally through 13 states: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, and California. In 1915, the \"Colorado Loop\" was removed, and in 1928, a realignment relocated the Lincoln Highway through the northern tip of West Virginia. Thus, there are a total of 14 states, 128 counties, and more than 700 cities, towns and villages through which the highway passed at some time in its history.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Lincoln Highway was one of the earliest transcontinental highways for automobiles across the United States of America. Conceived in 1912 by Indiana entrepreneur Carl G. Fisher, and formally dedicated October 31, 1913, the Lincoln Highway ran coast-to-coast from Times Square in New York City west to Lincoln Park in San Francisco, originally through 13 states: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, and California. In 1915, the \"Colorado Loop\" was removed, and in 1928, a realignment relocated the Lincoln Highway through the northern tip of West Virginia. Thus, there are a total of",
"short_answers": [
"Lincoln Park in San Francisco"
]
} |
who sang never gonna let you go | [
"Joe Pizzulo and Leeza Miller",
"Joe Pizzulo",
"Leeza Miller"
] | [
{
"title": "Si Cranstoun",
"text": "it home, listened to it, loved it, sang along to it.\" His style draws heavily on music of this period. He said of his single \"Never Gonna Let You Go\", \"Motown Soul fused with Rock 'n' Roll. Well, they said it could never be done so this song is going to prove them wro... | {
"title": "Never Gonna Let You Go (Sérgio Mendes song)",
"long_answer": "\"Never Gonna Let You Go\" is a popular song from 1983 credited to Brazilian musician and bandleader Sérgio Mendes and sung by Joe Pizzulo and Leeza Miller. Songwriters Cynthia Weil (lyrics) and Barry Mann (music) composed the song, which appears on Mendes' 1983 self-titled album.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"Never Gonna Let You Go\" is a popular song from 1983 credited to Brazilian musician and bandleader Sérgio Mendes and sung by Joe Pizzulo and Leeza Miller. Songwriters Cynthia Weil (lyrics) and Barry Mann (music) composed the song, which appears on Mendes' 1983 self-titled album.",
"short_answers": [
"Joe Pizzulo",
"Joe Pizzulo and Leeza Miller",
"Leeza Miller"
]
} |
what was the immediate catalyst to the civil war | [
"slavery"
] | [
{
"title": "Civil war",
"text": "on individuals’ desire to maximize their profits, grievance-based explanations which center on conflict as a response to socioeconomic or political injustice, and opportunity-based explanations which center on factors that make it easier to engage in violent mobilization. Ac... | {
"title": "Origins of the American Civil War",
"long_answer": "The primary catalyst for secession was slavery, especially Southern political leaders' resistance to attempts by Northern antislavery political forces to block the expansion of slavery into the western territories. Another explanation for secession, and the subsequent formation of the Confederacy, was white Southern nationalism. The primary reason for the North to reject secession was to preserve the Union, a cause based on American nationalism. Most of the debate is about the first question, as to why some southern states decided to secede.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The primary catalyst for secession was slavery, especially Southern political leaders' resistance to attempts by Northern antislavery political forces to block the expansion of slavery into the western territories. Another explanation for secession, and the subsequent formation of the Confederacy, was white Southern nationalism. The primary reason for the North to reject secession was to preserve the Union, a cause based on American nationalism. Most of the debate is about the first question, as to why some southern states decided to secede.",
"short_answers": [
"slavery"
]
} |
what happens to water that infiltrates the soil if it is not absorbed by the roots of plants | [
"runoff"
] | [
{
"title": "Soil",
"text": "point, seeds will not germinate, plants begin to wilt and then die. Water moves in soil under the influence of gravity, osmosis and capillarity. When water enters the soil, it displaces air from interconnected macropores by buoyancy, and breaks aggregates into which air is entrap... | {
"title": "Infiltration (hydrology)",
"long_answer": "Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil. Infiltration rate in soil science is a measure of the rate at which soil is able to absorb rainfall or irrigation. It is most often measured in millimetres per hour or inches per hour. The rate decreases as the soil becomes saturated. If the precipitation rate exceeds the infiltration rate, runoff will usually occur unless there is some physical barrier. It is related to the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the near-surface soil. The rate of infiltration can be measured using an infiltrometer.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil. Infiltration rate in soil science is a measure of the rate at which soil is able to absorb rainfall or irrigation. It is most often measured in millimetres per hour or inches per hour. The rate decreases as the soil becomes saturated. If the precipitation rate exceeds the infiltration rate, runoff will usually occur unless there is some physical barrier. It is related to the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the near-surface soil. The rate of infiltration can be measured using an infiltrometer.",
"short_answers": [
"runoff"
]
} |
the golden age of india took place during the rule of the | [
"Chandragupta II",
"Samudragupta",
"Chandragupta I",
"Gupta Empire",
"Vishnu Gupta",
"the Guptas",
"Sri-Gupta"
] | [
{
"title": "History of India",
"text": "South India and a golden age in the history of Karnataka. The political atmosphere in South India shifted from smaller kingdoms to large empires with the ascendancy of Badami Chalukyas. A Southern India-based kingdom took control and consolidated the entire region bet... | {
"title": "Gupta Empire",
"long_answer": "The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire, which existed at its zenith from approximately 319 to 485 CE and covered much of the Indian subcontinent. This period is called the Golden Age of India. The ruling dynasty of the empire was founded by Sri Gupta; the most notable rulers of the dynasty were Chandragupta I, Samudragupta, and Chandragupta II . The 5th-century CE Sanskrit poet Kalidasa credits the Guptas with having conquered about twenty-one kingdoms, both in and outside India, including the kingdoms of Parasikas, the Hunas, the Kambojas, tribes located in the west and east Oxus valleys, the Kinnaras, Kiratas, and others.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire, which existed at its zenith from approximately 319 to 485 CE and covered much of the Indian subcontinent. This period is called the Golden Age of India. The ruling dynasty of the empire was founded by Sri Gupta; the most notable rulers of the dynasty were Chandragupta I, Samudragupta, and Chandragupta II . The 5th-century CE Sanskrit poet Kalidasa credits the Guptas with having conquered about twenty-one kingdoms, both in and outside India, including the kingdoms of Parasikas, the Hunas, the Kambojas, tribes located in the west and east Oxus valleys, the Kinnaras, Kiratas, and others.",
"short_answers": [
"Gupta Empire",
"the Guptas"
]
} |
when is the world consumer right day celebrated | [
"15 March every year",
"15 March"
] | [
{
"title": "Consumer Bill of Rights",
"text": "a charter. Subsequently, the organization began recognizing the date of Kennedy's speech, March 15, as World Consumer Rights Day. As of May 2014, the UK Government has introduced proposed legislation before Parliament. The bill is the \"Consumer Rights Bill\", ... | {
"title": "Consumers International",
"long_answer": "World Consumer Rights Day is celebrated on 15 March every year. The theme for 2018 is Fairer Digital Marketplaces. Consumers International is calling for: 1. Access to fair and secure internet for the over half the world that are still offline. 2. Action against scams and fraud. 3. Better general consumer protection online.",
"chunked_long_answer": "World Consumer Rights Day is celebrated on 15 March every year. The theme for 2018 is Fairer Digital Marketplaces. Consumers International is calling for: 1. Access to fair and secure internet for the over half the world that are still offline. 2. Action against scams and fraud. 3. Better general consumer protection online.",
"short_answers": [
"15 March",
"15 March every year"
]
} |
what is the purpose of a jake brake | [
"slowing the vehicle"
] | [
{
"title": "Jacobs Vehicle Systems",
"text": "stored in it before it can push back on the piston during the down stroke. The Jake Brake turns a power producing engine into a power absorbing air compressor and in turn, causes the truck to slow down. Inside of the truck, the driver can choose how many cylinde... | {
"title": "Compression release engine brake",
"long_answer": "A compression release engine brake, frequently called a Jake Nett brake or Jacobs brake, is an engine braking mechanism installed on some diesel engines. When activated, it opens exhaust valves in the cylinders after the compression cycle, releasing the compressed air trapped in the cylinders, and slowing the vehicle.",
"chunked_long_answer": "A compression release engine brake, frequently called a Jake Nett brake or Jacobs brake, is an engine braking mechanism installed on some diesel engines. When activated, it opens exhaust valves in the cylinders after the compression cycle, releasing the compressed air trapped in the cylinders, and slowing the vehicle.",
"short_answers": [
"slowing the vehicle"
]
} |
where did the allies go after north africa | [
"Italy",
"the Italian Campaign"
] | [
{
"title": "North African Campaign",
"text": "the Italian-German \"Panzer\" Army near the Mareth Line and came under command of General Harold Alexander's 18th Army Group for the concluding phase of the war in North Africa, the Tunisia Campaign. Operation Torch started on 8 November 1942, and finished on 11... | {
"title": "North African Campaign",
"long_answer": "Information gleaned via British Ultra code-breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa. Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of Germany's main European ally.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Information gleaned via British Ultra code-breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa. Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of Germany's main European ally.",
"short_answers": [
"Italy",
"the Italian Campaign"
]
} |
who sings i feel love with the blue man group | [
"Annette Strean",
"Annette",
"Venus Hum"
] | [
{
"title": "I'm Blue (The Gong-Gong Song)",
"text": "I'm Blue (The Gong-Gong Song) \"\"I'm Blue (The Gong-Gong Song)\"\" is a song written by Ike Turner, produced by Ike & Tina Turner and recorded and released as a single by Ike & Tina's backing trio, The Ikettes. Recorded in 1961, it became a hit for the I... | {
"title": "Venus Hum",
"long_answer": "Their first full-length album, titled Venus Hum, was released in 2001. Big Beautiful Sky was released two years later. Also in 2003, Venus Hum toured with and opened for Blue Man Group, with Annette providing vocals on \"I Feel Love\".",
"chunked_long_answer": "Their first full-length album, titled Venus Hum, was released in 2001. Big Beautiful Sky was released two years later. Also in 2003, Venus Hum toured with and opened for Blue Man Group, with Annette providing vocals on \"I Feel Love\".",
"short_answers": [
"Annette",
"Venus Hum"
]
} |
what was the meaning of the song puff the magic dragon | [
"the hardships of growing older"
] | [
{
"title": "Puff, the Magic Dragon",
"text": "song with Mike Mitchell as director. The song was adapted for a children's pantomime, which played at Sydney's Seymour Centre in 1983. A 2007 book adaptation of the song's lyrics by Yarrow, Lipton, and illustrator Eric Puybaret gives the story a happier ending w... | {
"title": "Puff, the Magic Dragon",
"long_answer": "The authors of the song have repeatedly rejected this interpretation and have strongly and consistently denied that they intended any references to drug use. Leonard Lipton has stated \"Puff the Magic Dragon is not about drugs.\" Peter Yarrow has frequently explained that the song is about the hardships of growing older and has no relationship to drug-taking. He has also said of the song that it \"never had any meaning other than the obvious one\" and is about the \"loss of innocence in children\", and dismissed the suggestion of association with drugs as \"sloppy research\".",
"chunked_long_answer": "The authors of the song have repeatedly rejected this interpretation and have strongly and consistently denied that they intended any references to drug use. Leonard Lipton has stated \"Puff the Magic Dragon is not about drugs.\" Peter Yarrow has frequently explained that the song is about the hardships of growing older and has no relationship to drug-taking. He has also said of the song that it \"never had any meaning other than the obvious one\" and is about the \"loss of innocence in children\", and dismissed the suggestion of association with drugs as \"sloppy research\".",
"short_answers": [
"the hardships of growing older"
]
} |
the type of display that google glass presents to its users is called what | [
"head-up display",
"optical head-mounted display",
"Prism projector"
] | [
{
"title": "Google Glass",
"text": "be released in the US for companies such as Boeing.. Google Glass Enterprise Edition has already been successfully used by Dr. Ned Sahin to help children with autism learn social skills. Google Glass applications are free applications built by third-party developers. Glas... | {
"title": "Google Glass",
"long_answer": "The Google Glass prototype resembled standard eyeglasses with the lens replaced by a head-up display. In mid-2011, Google engineered a prototype that weighed 8 pounds (3.6 kg); by 2013 they were lighter than the average pair of sunglasses.\n",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Google Glass prototype resembled standard eyeglasses with the lens replaced by a head-up display. In mid-2011, Google engineered a prototype that weighed 8 pounds (3.6 kg); by 2013 they were lighter than the average pair of sunglasses.",
"short_answers": [
"head-up display"
]
} |
who won the battle of the first battle of bull run | [
"Confederate victory",
"Confederate forces",
"Confederate"
] | [
{
"title": "William Pittenger (soldier)",
"text": "William Pittenger (soldier) William Pittenger (January 31, 1840 Knoxville, Jefferson County, Ohio – April 24, 1904 Fallbrook, California) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He was one of the first recipients of the Medal of Honor. The s... | {
"title": "First Battle of Bull Run",
"long_answer": "The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the First Battle of Manassas (the name used by Confederate forces), was fought on July 21, 1861 in Prince William County, Virginia, just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west-southwest of Washington, D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War. The Union's forces were slow in positioning themselves, allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail. Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle. It was a Confederate victory, followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces.\n",
"chunked_long_answer": "The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the First Battle of Manassas (the name used by Confederate forces), was fought on July 21, 1861 in Prince William County, Virginia, just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west-southwest of Washington, D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War. The Union's forces were slow in positioning themselves, allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail. Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle. It was a Confederate victory, followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces.\n",
"short_answers": [
"Confederate",
"Confederate forces",
"Confederate victory"
]
} |
who is the current cruiserweight champion in wwe | [
"Cedric Alexander",
"Cedric Alexander,"
] | [
{
"title": "Cruiserweight (professional wrestling)",
"text": "main eventers and world heavyweight champions include Shawn Michaels, Chris Jericho, Dolph Ziggler, Christian, Rey Mysterio, Jeff Hardy, Eddie Guerrero, Chris Benoit, CM Punk, Seth Rollins, Finn Balor, and A.J. Styles. With so many successful lig... | {
"title": "List of current champions in WWE",
"long_answer": "The WWE Cruiserweight Championship is part of the Raw brand and is for wrestlers 205 lb (93 kg) and under. It is defended on Raw and the cruiserweight-exclusive 205 Live. The title is held by Cedric Alexander, who is in his first reign. He won the vacant title by defeating Mustafa Ali in the finals of a 16-man tournament on April 8, 2018, on the WrestleMania 34 pre-show.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The WWE Cruiserweight Championship is part of the Raw brand and is for wrestlers 205 lb (93 kg) and under. It is defended on Raw and the cruiserweight-exclusive 205 Live. The title is held by Cedric Alexander, who is in his first reign. He won the vacant title by defeating Mustafa Ali in the finals of a 16-man tournament on April 8, 2018, on the WrestleMania 34 pre-show.",
"short_answers": [
"Cedric Alexander",
"Cedric Alexander,"
]
} |
what type of government did the ming dynasty have | [
"imperial rule"
] | [
{
"title": "The Chinese State in Ming Society",
"text": "of which \"represent important areas of intersection between the Ming state and society.\" Brook argues that the model of despotic government fails to account for the complex interactions between individuals, groups, communities, society and state in ... | {
"title": "Economy of the Ming dynasty",
"long_answer": "The economy of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) of China was the largest in the world during that period. It is regarded as one of China's three golden ages (the other two being the Han and Song periods). The period was marked by the increasing political influence of the merchants, the gradual weakening of imperial rule, and technological advances.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The economy of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) of China was the largest in the world during that period. It is regarded as one of China's three golden ages (the other two being the Han and Song periods). The period was marked by the increasing political influence of the merchants, the gradual weakening of imperial rule, and technological advances.",
"short_answers": [
"imperial rule"
]
} |
the mughal garden of rashtrapati bhavan is modelled on which garden | [
"the Persian gardens",
"charbagh"
] | [
{
"title": "Rashtrapati Bhavan",
"text": "creepers like Jasmine, Rhyncospermum, Tecoma Grandiflora, Bignonia Vanista, Adenoclyma, Echitice, Parana Paniculata. Along the walls are planted the China Orange trees. Around the circular garden there are rooms for the office of the horticulturist, a green house, s... | {
"title": "Mughal gardens",
"long_answer": "The founder of the Mughal empire, Babur, described his favourite type of garden as a charbagh. They use the term bāgh, baug, bageecha or bagicha for garden. This word developed a new meaning in India, as Babur explains; India lacked the fast-flowing streams required for the Central Asian charbagh. The Agra garden, which was renamed after Partition of India as the Ram Bagh, since it lied in Hindu majority portion is thought to have been the first charbagh. India, Bangladesh and Pakistan have a number of Mughal gardens which differ from their Central Asian predecessors with respect to \"the highly disciplined geometry\". An early textual references about Mughal gardens are found in the memoirs and biographies of the Mughal emperors, including those of Babur, Humayun and Akbar. Later references are found from \"the accounts of India\" written by various European travellers (Bernier for example). The first serious historical study of Mughal gardens was written by Constance Villiers-Stuart, with the title Gardens of the Great Mughals (1913). Her husband was a Colonel in Britain's Indian army. This gave her a good network of contacts and an opportunity to travel. During their residence at Pinjore Gardens, Mrs. Villiers-Stuart also had an opportunity to direct the maintenance of an important Mughal garden. Her book makes reference to the forthcoming design of a garden in the Government House at New Delhi (now known as Rashtrapati Bhavan). She was consulted by Edwin Lutyens, and this may have influenced his choice of Mughal style for this project. Recent scholarly work on the history of Mughal gardens has been carried out under the auspicious guidance of Dumbarton Oaks (including Mughal Gardens: Sources, Places, Representations, and Prospects edited by James L. Wescoat, Jr. and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn) and the Smithsonian Institution. Some examples of Mughal gardens are Shalimar Gardens (Lahore), Lalbagh Fort at Dhaka, and Shalimar Bagh (Srinagar).",
"chunked_long_answer": "The founder of the Mughal empire, Babur, described his favourite type of garden as a charbagh. They use the term bāgh, baug, bageecha or bagicha for garden. This word developed a new meaning in India, as Babur explains; India lacked the fast-flowing streams required for the Central Asian charbagh. The Agra garden, which was renamed after Partition of India as the Ram Bagh, since it lied in Hindu majority portion is thought to have been the first charbagh. India, Bangladesh and Pakistan have a number of Mughal gardens which differ from their Central Asian predecessors with respect to \"the highly",
"short_answers": [
"charbagh"
]
} |
who was the sixteenth century physician who published | [
"Andreas Vesalius"
] | [
{
"title": "Matthaeus Platearius",
"text": "of Pliny and Dioscorides, while George Sarton thought it an improvement on \"\"De Materia Medica\"\". Matthaeus and his brother Johannes were the sons of a female physician from the Salerno school and married to Johannes Platearius I. She is surmised to be Trotula... | {
"title": "Andreas Vesalius",
"long_answer": "Andreas Vesalius (/vɪˈseɪliəs/; 31 December 1514 – 15 October 1564) was a 16th-century Flemish anatomist, physician, and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body). Vesalius is often referred to as the founder of modern human anatomy. He was born in Brussels, which was then part of the Habsburg Netherlands. He was professor at the University of Padua and later became Imperial physician at the court of Emperor Charles V.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Andreas Vesalius (/vɪˈseɪliəs/; 31 December 1514 – 15 October 1564) was a 16th-century Flemish anatomist, physician, and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body). Vesalius is often referred to as the founder of modern human anatomy. He was born in Brussels, which was then part of the Habsburg Netherlands. He was professor at the University of Padua and later became Imperial physician at the court of Emperor Charles V.",
"short_answers": [
"Andreas Vesalius"
]
} |
how many terms can a mayor serve in texas | [
"two four-year terms"
] | [
{
"title": "Mayor of Plano, Texas",
"text": "Mayor of Plano, Texas The Mayor of Plano, Texas is the chief executive of Plano's Government, as stipulated by the Charter of Plano, Texas. The Mayor of Plano served one-year terms until 1884, when the term length was extended to two years. In 2006, the use of th... | {
"title": "Politics of Houston",
"long_answer": "As the result of a 1991 referendum in Houston, the two-year term was amended to elected officials who can serve up to three terms until 2015 where the three term limit and two year terms were replaced with a two four-year terms - a mayor is elected for a four-year term (previously the mayor, controller, and councilmembers are elected to a two-year term prior to the November 3, 2015 city elections), and can be elected to as many as two consecutive terms. City council members, who also have a three-term limit, are elected from eleven districts in the city, along with five at-large council members, who represent the entire city. Term limits with the City of Houston are absolute - past elected officeholders are prohibited from campaigning for their former council positions (which includes the Mayor and City Controller). The current Mayor of Houston is Sylvester Turner.",
"chunked_long_answer": "As the result of a 1991 referendum in Houston, the two-year term was amended to elected officials who can serve up to three terms until 2015 where the three term limit and two year terms were replaced with a two four-year terms - a mayor is elected for a four-year term (previously the mayor, controller, and councilmembers are elected to a two-year term prior to the November 3, 2015 city elections), and can be elected to as many as two consecutive terms. City council members, who also have a three-term limit, are elected from eleven districts in the city, along",
"short_answers": [
"two four-year terms"
]
} |
where does the light reaction of photosynthesis occur | [
"on the thylakoid membranes"
] | [
{
"title": "Photosynthesis",
"text": "Earth's atmosphere, and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth. Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called react... | {
"title": "Light-dependent reactions",
"long_answer": "In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH.",
"short_answers": [
"on the thylakoid membranes"
]
} |
where did the battle of corinth take place | [
"in Corinth, Mississippi",
"Corinth, Mississippi"
] | [
{
"title": "Mississippi in the American Civil War",
"text": "has been known as the Siege of Corinth. Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans moved to Corinth as well and concentrated his force with Halleck later in the year to again attack the city. The Battle of Corinth took place on October 3–4, 1862, when Confederat... | {
"title": "Siege of Corinth",
"long_answer": "The Siege of Corinth (also known as the First Battle of Corinth) was an American Civil War engagement lasting from April 29 to May 30, 1862, in Corinth, Mississippi. A collection of Union forces under the overall command of Major General Henry Halleck engaged in a month-long siege of the city, whose Confederate occupants were commanded by General P.G.T. Beauregard. The siege resulted in the capture of the town by Federal forces.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Siege of Corinth (also known as the First Battle of Corinth) was an American Civil War engagement lasting from April 29 to May 30, 1862, in Corinth, Mississippi. A collection of Union forces under the overall command of Major General Henry Halleck engaged in a month-long siege of the city, whose Confederate occupants were commanded by General P.G.T. Beauregard. The siege resulted in the capture of the town by Federal forces.",
"short_answers": [
"Corinth, Mississippi",
"in Corinth, Mississippi"
]
} |
under article 1 what is the minimum age required to serve in the house of representatives | [
"25",
"25 years old"
] | [
{
"title": "Age of candidacy",
"text": "municipal councils in the Land. In presidential elections the candidacy age is 35. Any Belgian who has reached the age of 18 years can stand for election for the Chamber of Representatives, can become a member of the Senate, or can be elected in one of the regional pa... | {
"title": "Article One of the United States Constitution",
"long_answer": "The Constitution provides three requirements for Representatives: A Representative must be at least 25 years old, must be an inhabitant of the state in which he or she is elected, and must have been a citizen of the United States for the previous seven years. There is no requirement that a Representative reside within the district in which he or she represents; although this is usually the case, there have been occasional exceptions.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Constitution provides three requirements for Representatives: A Representative must be at least 25 years old, must be an inhabitant of the state in which he or she is elected, and must have been a citizen of the United States for the previous seven years. There is no requirement that a Representative reside within the district in which he or she represents; although this is usually the case, there have been occasional exceptions.",
"short_answers": [
"25",
"25 years old"
]
} |
what is the population of st petersburg fl | [
"260,999",
"257,083"
] | [
{
"title": "St. Petersburg, Florida",
"text": "approximately 4000 residents, while in the same period the population of Florida increased by over two and a half million residents. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of . of it is land, and of it (55.13%) is water. St. Pet... | {
"title": "St. Petersburg, Florida",
"long_answer": "Saint Petersburg is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. As of the 2015 census estimate, the population was 257,083, making it the fifth-most populous city in Florida and the largest in the state that is not a county seat (the city of Clearwater is the seat of Pinellas County).",
"chunked_long_answer": "Saint Petersburg is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. As of the 2015 census estimate, the population was 257,083, making it the fifth-most populous city in Florida and the largest in the state that is not a county seat (the city of Clearwater is the seat of Pinellas County).",
"short_answers": [
"257,083"
]
} |
who plays at the prudential center in newark | [
"Seton Hall Pirates",
"New Jersey Devils"
] | [
{
"title": "Prudential Center",
"text": "was amidst rumors that the franchise would move to Nashville. Despite playing championship-caliber hockey in the 2002–03 season culminating in a Stanley Cup that year, the Devils only averaged 14,858 fans per game at their home arena, Continental Airlines Arena at th... | {
"title": "Prudential Center",
"long_answer": "Prudential Center is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the central business district of Newark, New Jersey, United States. It was designed by HOK Sport (now Populous), with the exterior designed by Morris Adjmi Architects. Opened in 2007, it is the home of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Seton Hall Pirates men's basketball team from Seton Hall University. The arena seats 16,514 patrons for hockey and 18,711 for basketball. Fans and sports writers have affectionately nicknamed the arena \"The Rock\" in reference to the Rock of Gibraltar, the corporate logo of Prudential Financial, a financial institution that owns the naming rights to the arena and is headquartered within walking distance of it. In December 2013, the arena ranked third nationally and ninth internationally for self-reported annual revenue.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Prudential Center is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the central business district of Newark, New Jersey, United States. It was designed by HOK Sport (now Populous), with the exterior designed by Morris Adjmi Architects. Opened in 2007, it is the home of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Seton Hall Pirates men's basketball team from Seton Hall University. The arena seats 16,514 patrons for hockey and 18,711 for basketball. Fans and sports writers have affectionately nicknamed the arena \"The Rock\" in reference to the Rock of Gibraltar, the corporate logo of Prudential Financial, a",
"short_answers": [
"New Jersey Devils",
"Seton Hall Pirates"
]
} |
the cold dry winds that blow over northern india in winter are called | [
"Northeast Monsoon",
"Retreating Monsoon",
"Northeast Monsoon or Retreating Monsoon"
] | [
{
"title": "Climate of India",
"text": "a different monsoon cycle, the northeast (or \"retreating\") monsoon, brings dry, cool, and dense air masses to large parts of India.It is called autumn. Winds spill across the Himalayas and flow to the southwest across the country, resulting in clear, sunny skies. Th... | {
"title": "Climate of Asia",
"long_answer": "Around September, with the sun fast retreating south, the northern land mass of the Indian subcontinent begins to cool off rapidly. With this air pressure begins to build over northern India, the Indian Ocean and its surrounding atmosphere still holds its heat. This causes the cold wind to sweep down from the Himalayas and Indo-Gangetic Plain towards the vast spans of the Indian Ocean south of the Deccan peninsula. This is known as the Northeast Monsoon or Retreating Monsoon.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Around September, with the sun fast retreating south, the northern land mass of the Indian subcontinent begins to cool off rapidly. With this air pressure begins to build over northern India, the Indian Ocean and its surrounding atmosphere still holds its heat. This causes the cold wind to sweep down from the Himalayas and Indo-Gangetic Plain towards the vast spans of the Indian Ocean south of the Deccan peninsula. This is known as the Northeast Monsoon or Retreating Monsoon.",
"short_answers": [
"Northeast Monsoon",
"Northeast Monsoon or Retreating Monsoon",
"Retreating Monsoon"
]
} |
how long has tom brady been the patriots quarterback | [
"2001",
"16 seasons"
] | [
{
"title": "Tom Brady",
"text": "throwing for 154 passing yards, two touchdowns, and three interceptions in a Wild Card Round loss to the Baltimore Ravens, 33–14, his first career home playoff loss, and the first playoff loss at home by a Patriots quarterback since 1978 (Steve Grogan). On September 10, 2010... | {
"title": "Tom Brady",
"long_answer": "After playing college football for the University of Michigan, Brady was drafted by the Patriots in the sixth round of the 2000 NFL Draft. Due to his late draft selection, Brady is considered to be the biggest \"steal\" in the history of the NFL Draft. In Brady's 16 seasons as a starter, he has quarterbacked the Patriots to eight Super Bowl appearances, the most for any player in history.",
"chunked_long_answer": "After playing college football for the University of Michigan, Brady was drafted by the Patriots in the sixth round of the 2000 NFL Draft. Due to his late draft selection, Brady is considered to be the biggest \"steal\" in the history of the NFL Draft. In Brady's 16 seasons as a starter, he has quarterbacked the Patriots to eight Super Bowl appearances, the most for any player in history.",
"short_answers": [
"16 seasons"
]
} |
who did the chiefs play in the playoffs | [
"the Tennessee Titans"
] | [
{
"title": "Kansas City Chiefs",
"text": "the AFC Divisional Playoffs. In a game where neither team punted, the Chiefs lost the shoot-out 38–31. It was the third time in nine seasons that the Chiefs went 8–0 at home in the regular season, only to lose their post-season opener at Arrowhead. After a disappoin... | {
"title": "Kansas City Chiefs",
"long_answer": "In the Wild Card round the Chiefs lost a tight game to the Tennessee Titans 22-21, allowing Derrick Henry to rush for 156 yards. That ended another disappointing season for the Chiefs, and extended their NFL record for most consecutive home playoff losses to six. ",
"chunked_long_answer": "In the Wild Card round the Chiefs lost a tight game to the Tennessee Titans 22-21, allowing Derrick Henry to rush for 156 yards. That ended another disappointing season for the Chiefs, and extended their NFL record for most consecutive home playoff losses to six.",
"short_answers": [
"the Tennessee Titans"
]
} |
what category was hurricane charley when it hit florida | [
"4",
"Category 4",
"Category 4"
] | [
{
"title": "Hurricane Charley",
"text": "and rounded the southwest portion of the subtropical ridge, becoming a major hurricane—a storm classified as a Category 3 hurricane or higher—just before making landfall on southern Cuba. Charley came ashore near Punta Cayamas with maximum sustained winds of and gust... | {
"title": "Hurricane Charley",
"long_answer": "Hurricane Charley was the third named storm, the second hurricane, and the second major hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Charley lasted from August 9 to August 15, and at its peak intensity it attained 150 mph (240 km/h) winds, making it a strong Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. It made landfall in southwestern Florida at maximum strength, making it the strongest hurricane to hit the United States since Hurricane Andrew struck Florida in 1992.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Hurricane Charley was the third named storm, the second hurricane, and the second major hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Charley lasted from August 9 to August 15, and at its peak intensity it attained 150 mph (240 km/h) winds, making it a strong Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. It made landfall in southwestern Florida at maximum strength, making it the strongest hurricane to hit the United States since Hurricane Andrew struck Florida in 1992.",
"short_answers": [
"4",
"Category 4"
]
} |
where in the bible is the book of revelation | [
"last book",
"in the New Testament"
] | [
{
"title": "Book of Revelation",
"text": "used allowed him to use the Hebrew Scriptures as the source and also use basic techniques of parallel formation, thereby alluding to the Hebrew Scriptures. In order of appearance: Book of Revelation The Book of Revelation, often called the Revelation to John, the Ap... | {
"title": "Book of Revelation",
"long_answer": "The Book of Revelation, often called the Revelation to John, the Apocalypse of John, The Revelation, or simply Revelation or Apocalypse, is a book of the New Testament that occupies a central place in Christian eschatology. Its title is derived from the first word of the text, written in Koine Greek: apokalypsis, meaning \"unveiling\" or \"revelation\" (before title pages and titles, books were commonly known by their first words, as is also the case of the Hebrew Five Books of Moses (Torah). The Book of Revelation is the only apocalyptic document in the New Testament canon (although there are short apocalyptic passages in various places in the Gospels and the Epistles).",
"chunked_long_answer": "Apocalypse of John, The Revelation, or simply Revelation or Apocalypse, is a book of the New Testament that occupies a central place in Christian eschatology. Its title is derived from the first word of the text, written in Koine Greek: apokalypsis, meaning \"unveiling\" or \"revelation\" (before title pages and titles, books were commonly known by their first words, as is also the case of the Hebrew Five Books of Moses (Torah). The Book of Revelation is the only apocalyptic document in the New Testament canon (although there are short apocalyptic passages in various places in the Gospels and the Epistles).",
"short_answers": [
"in the New Testament"
]
} |
who has the most votes for the all star game | [
"fan voting"
] | [
{
"title": "All-Star Final Vote",
"text": "All-Star Final Vote All-Star Final Vote is an annual Internet and text message ballot by Major League Baseball fans to elect the final player for each team that participates in the Major League Baseball All-Star Game after all other selections have been made and an... | {
"title": "NBA All-Star Game",
"long_answer": "The starting five from each conference consists of three frontcourt players and two guards, selected by a combination of fan, player, and media voting. In 2017, the NBA moved from a pure fan vote to a weighted process wherein fan voting accounts for 50% of the total and player and media voting account for 25% each. The league made the change in response to social media campaigns that resulted in mediocre players such as journeyman Zaza Pachulia nearly being voted as All-Star starters over more deserving players., Prior to 2013, fans selected two forwards and one center instead of generic frontcourt players. The NBA in 2003 began offering All-Star ballots in three languages—English, Spanish and Chinese—for fan voting of the starters.",
"chunked_long_answer": "and media voting. In 2017, the NBA moved from a pure fan vote to a weighted process wherein fan voting accounts for 50% of the total and player and media voting account for 25% each. The league made the change in response to social media campaigns that resulted in mediocre players such as journeyman Zaza Pachulia nearly being voted as All-Star starters over more deserving players., Prior to 2013, fans selected two forwards and one center instead of generic frontcourt players. The NBA in 2003 began offering All-Star ballots in three languages—English, Spanish and Chinese—for fan voting of the starters.",
"short_answers": [
"fan voting"
]
} |
when was the first mad max movie release | [
"12 April 1979",
"April 1979",
"1979"
] | [
{
"title": "Mad Max (franchise)",
"text": "released internationally in 1980. It became a top-grossing Australian film, while holding the record in the \"Guinness Book of Records\" for decades as the most profitable film ever created, and has been credited for further opening the global market to Australian ... | {
"title": "Mad Max",
"long_answer": "Mad Max is a 1979 Australian dystopian action film directed by George Miller, produced by Byron Kennedy, and starring Mel Gibson as \"Mad\" Max Rockatansky, Joanne Samuel, Hugh Keays-Byrne, Steve Bisley, Tim Burns, and Roger Ward. James McCausland and Miller wrote the screenplay from a story by Miller and Kennedy. The film presents a tale of societal collapse, murder, and revenge set in a future Australia, in which an unhinged policeman becomes embroiled in a violent feud with a savage motorcycle gang. Principal photography took place in and around Melbourne, Australia, and lasted six weeks.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Mad Max is a 1979 Australian dystopian action film directed by George Miller, produced by Byron Kennedy, and starring Mel Gibson as \"Mad\" Max Rockatansky, Joanne Samuel, Hugh Keays-Byrne, Steve Bisley, Tim Burns, and Roger Ward. James McCausland and Miller wrote the screenplay from a story by Miller and Kennedy. The film presents a tale of societal collapse, murder, and revenge set in a future Australia, in which an unhinged policeman becomes embroiled in a violent feud with a savage motorcycle gang. Principal photography took place in and around Melbourne, Australia, and lasted six weeks.",
"short_answers": [
"1979"
]
} |
what does the adrenal gland produce that is necessary for the sympathetic nervous system to function | [
"epinephrine"
] | [
{
"title": "Adrenal gland",
"text": "a characteristic not present in all sympathetic organs. Glucocorticoids produced in the adrenal cortex were once thought to be responsible for the differentiation of chromaffin cells. More recent research suggests that BMP-4 secreted in adrenal tissue is the main respons... | {
"title": "Sympathetic nervous system",
"long_answer": "Sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes vasoconstriction of most blood vessels, including many of those in the skin, the digestive tract, and the kidneys. This occurs as a result of activation of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors by norepinephrine released by post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons. These receptors exist throughout the vasculature of the body but are inhibited and counterbalanced by beta-2 adrenergic receptors (stimulated by epinephrine release from the adrenal glands) in the skeletal muscles, the heart, the lungs, and the brain during a sympathoadrenal response. The net effect of this is a shunting of blood away from the organs not necessary to the immediate survival of the organism and an increase in blood flow to those organs involved in intense physical activity.",
"chunked_long_answer": "causes vasoconstriction of most blood vessels, including many of those in the skin, the digestive tract, and the kidneys. This occurs as a result of activation of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors by norepinephrine released by post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons. These receptors exist throughout the vasculature of the body but are inhibited and counterbalanced by beta-2 adrenergic receptors (stimulated by epinephrine release from the adrenal glands) in the skeletal muscles, the heart, the lungs, and the brain during a sympathoadrenal response. The net effect of this is a shunting of blood away from the organs not necessary to the immediate survival of the",
"short_answers": [
"epinephrine"
]
} |
what is the most fundamental unit of life according to the cell theory | [
"cells"
] | [
{
"title": "Rudolf Virchow",
"text": "the microscopic level, as the basic principles of investigation in medical sciences. He went further and stated that the cell was the basic unit of the body that had to be studied to understand disease. Although the term 'cell' had been coined in the 1665 by an English ... | {
"title": "Cell theory",
"long_answer": "In biology, cell theory is the historic scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure in all organisms and also the basic unit of reproduction. With continual improvements made to microscopes over time, magnification technology advanced enough to discover cells in the 17th century. This discovery is largely attributed to Robert Hooke, and began the scientific study of cells, also known as cell biology. Over a century later, many debates about cells began amongst scientists. Most of these debates involved the nature of cellular regeneration, and the idea of cells as a fundamental unit of life. Cell theory was eventually formulated in 1839. This is usually credited to Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann. However, many other scientists like Rudolf Virchow contributed to the theory.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In biology, cell theory is the historic scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure in all organisms and also the basic unit of reproduction. With continual improvements made to microscopes over time, magnification technology advanced enough to discover cells in the 17th century. This discovery is largely attributed to Robert Hooke, and began the scientific study of cells, also known as cell biology. Over a century later, many debates about cells began amongst scientists. Most of these debates involved the nature of cellular regeneration, and the idea of cells as a fundamental unit of life. ",
"short_answers": [
"cells"
]
} |
who sings god is great beer is good | [
"Currington"
] | [
{
"title": "In Heaven There Is No Beer",
"text": "In Heaven There Is No Beer \"In Heaven There Is No Beer\" is a song about the existential pleasures of beer drinking. The title of the song is the reason for drinking beer while you are still alive. The song in German is \"Im Himmel gibt's kein Bier\", in Sp... | {
"title": "People Are Crazy",
"long_answer": "\"People Are Crazy\" centralizes on the male narrator and an old man whom he meets in a bar. In the first verse, the two of them converse, which leads to the old man saying, \"God is great, beer is good / And people are crazy.\" They continue to converse throughout the second verse as well before parting ways. In the third verse, some time has passed, and the narrator reads the old man's obituary in the paper. He discovers that the now dead old man was a millionaire and \"left his fortune to / Some guy he barely knew\" (i.e., the narrator). After this discovery, the narrator also declares that \"people are crazy.\" The song is in a 4/4 time signature and a moderate tempo, in the key of F major, using a main chord pattern of F–C–Dm–B♭. Currington's vocals range from B♭3 to D5.",
"chunked_long_answer": "They continue to converse throughout the second verse as well before parting ways. In the third verse, some time has passed, and the narrator reads the old man's obituary in the paper. He discovers that the now dead old man was a millionaire and \"left his fortune to / Some guy he barely knew\" (i.e., the narrator). After this discovery, the narrator also declares that \"people are crazy.\" The song is in a 4/4 time signature and a moderate tempo, in the key of F major, using a main chord pattern of F–C–Dm–B♭. Currington's vocals range from B♭3 to D5.",
"short_answers": [
"Currington"
]
} |
when did toyota start making cars in the us | [
"by the early 1980s",
"1984"
] | [
{
"title": "Toyota",
"text": "companies Citroën and Peugeot a year after Toyota started producing cars in France. A youth-oriented marque for North America, Scion, was introduced in 2003. Toyota ranked eighth on Forbes 2000 list of the world's leading companies for the year 2005 but slid to 55th for 2011. T... | {
"title": "Toyota",
"long_answer": "Toyota has a large presence in the United States with six major assembly plants in Huntsville, Alabama, Georgetown, Kentucky, Princeton, Indiana, San Antonio, Texas, Buffalo, West Virginia, and Blue Springs, Mississippi. Toyota had a joint-venture operation with General Motors at New United Motor Manufacturing Inc. in Fremont, California, which began in 1984 and ended in 2009. It still has a joint venture with Subaru at Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Inc. in Lafayette, Indiana, which started in 2006. In these assembly plants, the Camry and the Tundra are manufactured, among others.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Toyota has a large presence in the United States with six major assembly plants in Huntsville, Alabama, Georgetown, Kentucky, Princeton, Indiana, San Antonio, Texas, Buffalo, West Virginia, and Blue Springs, Mississippi. Toyota had a joint-venture operation with General Motors at New United Motor Manufacturing Inc. in Fremont, California, which began in 1984 and ended in 2009. It still has a joint venture with Subaru at Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Inc. in Lafayette, Indiana, which started in 2006. In these assembly plants, the Camry and the Tundra are manufactured, among others.",
"short_answers": [
"1984"
]
} |
the art and science of making objects from clay is called | [
"Ceramic art",
"Ceramic"
] | [
{
"title": "Clay chemistry",
"text": "Clay chemistry Clay chemistry is an applied subdiscipline of chemistry which studies the chemical structures, properties and reactions of or involving clays and clay minerals. It is a multidisciplinary field, involving concepts and knowledge from inorganic and structura... | {
"title": "Ceramic art",
"long_answer": "Ceramic art is art made from ceramic materials, including clay. It may take forms including art ware, tile, figurines, sculpture, and tableware. Ceramic art is one of the arts, particularly the visual arts. Of these, it is one of the plastic arts. While some ceramics are considered fine art, as pottery or sculpture, some are considered to be decorative, industrial or applied art objects. Ceramics may also be considered artefacts in archaeology. Ceramic art can be made by one person or by a group of people. In a pottery or ceramic factory, a group of people design, manufacture and decorate the art ware. Products from a pottery are sometimes referred to as \"art pottery\". In a one-person pottery studio, ceramists or potters produce studio pottery.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Ceramic art is art made from ceramic materials, including clay. It may take forms including art ware, tile, figurines, sculpture, and tableware. Ceramic art is one of the arts, particularly the visual arts. Of these, it is one of the plastic arts. While some ceramics are considered fine art, as pottery or sculpture, some are considered to be decorative, industrial or applied art objects. Ceramics may also be considered artefacts in archaeology. Ceramic art can be made by one person or by a group of people. In a pottery or ceramic factory, a group of people design, manufacture and decorate",
"short_answers": [
"Ceramic",
"Ceramic art"
]
} |
who was the oldest man elected president of usa | [
"Ronald Reagan",
"Donald Trump"
] | [
{
"title": "James Bowler",
"text": "of Chicago, who had traveled to Salt Lake City for the ceremony. James Bowler James Bernard Bowler (February 5, 1875 – July 18, 1957) was a political figure from Chicago, Illinois (USA). He served three terms as a United States Representative for Illinois. Bowler is the o... | {
"title": "List of presidents of the United States by age",
"long_answer": "The median age upon accession to the presidency is 55 years and 3 months. This is how old Lyndon B. Johnson was at the time of his inauguration. The youngest person to assume the office was Theodore Roosevelt, who became president at the age of 42 years, 322 days, following William McKinley's assassination; the oldest was Donald Trump, who was 70 years, 220 days old at his inauguration. The youngest person to be elected president was John F. Kennedy, at 43 years, 163 days of age on election day; the oldest was Ronald Reagan, who was 73 years, 274 days old at the time of his election to a second term.",
"chunked_long_answer": "and 3 months. This is how old Lyndon B. Johnson was at the time of his inauguration. The youngest person to assume the office was Theodore Roosevelt, who became president at the age of 42 years, 322 days, following William McKinley's assassination; the oldest was Donald Trump, who was 70 years, 220 days old at his inauguration. The youngest person to be elected president was John F. Kennedy, at 43 years, 163 days of age on election day; the oldest was Ronald Reagan, who was 73 years, 274 days old at the time of his election to a second term.",
"short_answers": [
"Ronald Reagan"
]
} |
what is the name of the muslim dress | [
"hijab"
] | [
{
"title": "Taqiyah (cap)",
"text": "There is the kufi, which is worn with the grand boubou. The West African robe is called a Senegalese kaftan. The traditional wedding attire is the dashiki suit. The traditional women's attire is the kaftan or the wrapper. Most converts use the name Kufi when referring to... | {
"title": "Islam and clothing",
"long_answer": "The Qur'an admonishes Muslim women to dress modestly and cover their breasts and genitals but it doesn't require covering the head. The Qur'an explicitly states that \"O wives of the Prophet, you are not like anyone among women\" and as such has separate rules specifically for the wives of the Prophet. Wearing hijab, or al-khimar, is considered by some to be obligatory in Islam, as the quote states \"Tell the believing women to put their khimar over their bosoms\", all the major Arab translations and dictionaries agree that \"al-khimar\" means a veil or scarf that a woman uses to cover her head, and \"over their bosoms\" implies women should cover their breasts, necks etc. ",
"chunked_long_answer": "but it doesn't require covering the head. The Qur'an explicitly states that \"O wives of the Prophet, you are not like anyone among women\" and as such has separate rules specifically for the wives of the Prophet. Wearing hijab, or al-khimar, is considered by some to be obligatory in Islam, as the quote states \"Tell the believing women to put their khimar over their bosoms\", all the major Arab translations and dictionaries agree that \"al-khimar\" means a veil or scarf that a woman uses to cover her head, and \"over their bosoms\" implies women should cover their breasts, necks etc. ",
"short_answers": [
"hijab"
]
} |
what is the democracy of the united states | [
"federal republic"
] | [
{
"title": "Democracy in America",
"text": "democracy in the United States, discussing possible threats \"to\" democracy and possible dangers \"of\" democracy. These include his belief that democracy has a tendency to degenerate into \"soft despotism\" as well as the risk of developing a tyranny of the majo... | {
"title": "Politics of the United States",
"long_answer": "The United States is a federal republic in which the president, Congress, and federal courts share powers reserved to the national government according to its Constitution. The federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments.\n",
"chunked_long_answer": "The United States is a federal republic in which the president, Congress, and federal courts share powers reserved to the national government according to its Constitution. The federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments.",
"short_answers": [
"federal republic"
]
} |
when did the democratic party change its name | [
"the 1830s"
] | [
{
"title": "Democrat Party (epithet)",
"text": "always said \"Democratic Party\" and would continue to do so, which contrasted with his predecessor, Meade Alcorn, and with National Republican Senatorial Committee chairman Barry Goldwater, both of whom used \"Democrat Party\". According to Congressional Quar... | {
"title": "History of the United States Democratic Party",
"long_answer": "The modern Democratic Party emerged in the 1830s from former factions of the Democratic-Republican Party, which had largely collapsed by 1824. It was built by Martin Van Buren who assembled a cadre of politicians in every state behind war hero Andrew Jackson of Tennessee.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The modern Democratic Party emerged in the 1830s from former factions of the Democratic-Republican Party, which had largely collapsed by 1824. It was built by Martin Van Buren who assembled a cadre of politicians in every state behind war hero Andrew Jackson of Tennessee.",
"short_answers": [
"the 1830s"
]
} |
what percentage of global man-made co2 emissions comes from worldwide aviation | [
"4 percent cumulative effect"
] | [
{
"title": "Airline",
"text": "global anthropogenic GHG emissions per annum. North America accounts for nearly 40 percent of the world's GHG emissions from aviation fuel use. CO2 emissions from the jet fuel burned per passenger on an average airline flight is about 353 kilograms (776 pounds). Loss of natura... | {
"title": "Environmental impact of aviation",
"long_answer": "In 1999 the contribution of civil aircraft-in-flight to global CO2 emissions was estimated to be around 2%. However, in the case of high-altitude airliners which frequently fly near or in the stratosphere, non-CO2 altitude-sensitive effects may increase the total impact on anthropogenic (human-made) climate change significantly. A 2007 report from Environmental Change Institute / Oxford University posits a range closer to 4 percent cumulative effect. Subsonic aircraft-in-flight contribute to climate change in four ways:",
"chunked_long_answer": "In 1999 the contribution of civil aircraft-in-flight to global CO2 emissions was estimated to be around 2%. However, in the case of high-altitude airliners which frequently fly near or in the stratosphere, non-CO2 altitude-sensitive effects may increase the total impact on anthropogenic (human-made) climate change significantly. A 2007 report from Environmental Change Institute / Oxford University posits a range closer to 4 percent cumulative effect. Subsonic aircraft-in-flight contribute to climate change in four ways:",
"short_answers": [
"4 percent cumulative effect"
]
} |
who won the 7 man elimination chamber match | [
"Roman Reigns"
] | [
{
"title": "Elimination Chamber (2018)",
"text": "simultaneously pinned Wyatt, and it was decided that both would be a part of the Elimination Chamber match, marking the first seven-man chamber match. The following week, all seven men participated in a gauntlet match that began with Reigns and Rollins. Reig... | {
"title": "Elimination Chamber (2018)",
"long_answer": "Six matches were contested at the event, including one on the pre-show. In the main event, Roman Reigns won the first-ever seven-man Elimination Chamber match to become the number one contender against Brock Lesnar for the Universal Championship at WrestleMania 34. On the undercard, Alexa Bliss retained the Raw Women's Championship in the first-ever women's Elimination Chamber match, and Asuka defeated Nia Jax to extend her undefeated streak and to keep Jax from being added to her WrestleMania 34 championship match. The event was also notable for Ronda Rousey signing her Raw contract, where she had a confrontation with Chief Operating Officer Triple H and Raw Commissioner Stephanie McMahon, which was the former's first appearance since the night after Survivor Series.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Six matches were contested at the event, including one on the pre-show. In the main event, Roman Reigns won the first-ever seven-man Elimination Chamber match to become the number one contender against Brock Lesnar for the Universal Championship at WrestleMania 34. On the undercard, Alexa Bliss retained the Raw Women's Championship in the first-ever women's Elimination Chamber match, and Asuka defeated Nia Jax to extend her undefeated streak and to keep Jax from being added to her WrestleMania 34 championship match. The event was also notable for Ronda Rousey signing her Raw contract, where she had a confrontation with Chief",
"short_answers": [
"Roman Reigns"
]
} |
when did the royal mint move to wales | [
"1968",
"the 1960s.",
"17 December 1968",
"the 1960s"
] | [
{
"title": "Llantrisant",
"text": "coins, moved from London to Llantrisant in 1967 in order to meet demand when the UK converted to decimal currency. The Royal Mint is now entirely located in Llantrisant after a phased move, and employs over 900 workers on its 38-acre site. In addition to British coins, the... | {
"title": "Royal Mint",
"long_answer": "Work on the new mint began in August 1967 with the construction of a blank treatment plant and plant for striking. This first phase of the mint was officially opened on 17 December 1968 by the royal attendance of Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Philip and their son Prince Charles. Originally there were fears that the Royal family would face protests because of the Investiture of Prince Charles as the Prince of Wales; however, such protests failed to materialise. The second phase of construction began in 1973 and included the addition of a means to mint coins from virgin metals completing the full minting process. Upon completion the final cost for the land, buildings and plant came to £8 million. Coin minting and production gradually shifted to the new site over the next seven years until the last coin, a gold sovereign, was struck in London in November 1975. In an attempt to consolidate all previous coin-related acts, the Coinage Act of 1971 was passed, which among other things effectively abolished the individual role of Master of the Mint. Under this act, the Chancellor of the Exchequer took over the role, with a Deputy Master being appointed by the Treasury to exercise all the powers and duties of the Master within the mint.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Work on the new mint began in August 1967 with the construction of a blank treatment plant and plant for striking. This first phase of the mint was officially opened on 17 December 1968 by the royal attendance of Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Philip and their son Prince Charles. Originally there were fears that the Royal family would face protests because of the Investiture of Prince Charles as the Prince of Wales; however, such protests failed to materialise. The second phase of construction began in 1973 and included the addition of a means to mint coins from virgin metals completing",
"short_answers": [
"17 December 1968",
"1968"
]
} |
when did marathon change its name to snickers | [
"19 July 1990"
] | [
{
"title": "Snickers",
"text": "bar was marketed under the name \"Marathon\" in the UK and Ireland until 1990, when Mars decided to align the UK product with the global Snickers name (Mars had marketed and discontinued an unrelated bar named Marathon in the United States during the 1970s). There are also se... | {
"title": "Snickers",
"long_answer": "In the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man, and Ireland, Snickers was sold under the brand name Marathon until 19 July 1990. Snickers brand Marathon energy bars have since been sold in some markets.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man, and Ireland, Snickers was sold under the brand name Marathon until 19 July 1990. Snickers brand Marathon energy bars have since been sold in some markets.",
"short_answers": [
"19 July 1990"
]
} |
who sold out jesus for 30 pieces of silver | [
"Judas Iscariot"
] | [
{
"title": "Jesus piece (jewelry)",
"text": "Jesus piece (jewelry) A Jesus piece is a spiritual or religious piece of jewelry that is popular in the Hip-Hop community and depicts the face of Jesus. Many Hip-Hop artists and celebrities, including The Notorious B.I.G., Jay-Z, Kanye West among others, have ado... | {
"title": "Thirty pieces of silver",
"long_answer": "Thirty pieces of silver was the price for which Judas Iscariot betrayed Jesus, according to an account in the Gospel of Matthew 26:15 in the New Testament. Before the Last Supper, Judas is said to have gone to the chief priests and agreed to hand over Jesus in exchange for 30 silver coins, and to have attempted to return the money afterwards, filled with remorse.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Thirty pieces of silver was the price for which Judas Iscariot betrayed Jesus, according to an account in the Gospel of Matthew 26:15 in the New Testament. Before the Last Supper, Judas is said to have gone to the chief priests and agreed to hand over Jesus in exchange for 30 silver coins, and to have attempted to return the money afterwards, filled with remorse.",
"short_answers": [
"Judas Iscariot"
]
} |
a synonym for the content component of communication is | [
"information"
] | [
{
"title": "Communication",
"text": "Communication Communication (from Latin \"commūnicāre\", meaning \"to share\") is the act of conveying meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs, symbols, and semiotic rules. The main steps inherent to all communication are... | {
"title": "Content (media)",
"long_answer": "In publishing, art, and communication, content is the information and experiences that are directed towards an end-user or audience. Content is \"something that is to be expressed through some medium, as speech, writing or any of various arts\". Content can be delivered via many different media including the Internet, cinema, television, smartphones, audio CDs, books, e-books, magazines, and live events, such as speech, conferences and stage performances.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In publishing, art, and communication, content is the information and experiences that are directed towards an end-user or audience. Content is \"something that is to be expressed through some medium, as speech, writing or any of various arts\". Content can be delivered via many different media including the Internet, cinema, television, smartphones, audio CDs, books, e-books, magazines, and live events, such as speech, conferences and stage performances.",
"short_answers": [
"information"
]
} |
the initial unification of upper and lower egypt took place during which period | [
"3000 BC",
"c. 3000 BC"
] | [
{
"title": "Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)",
"text": "Egypt, occurred. At the same time the societies of the Nile Delta, or Lower Egypt also underwent a unification process. Warfare between Upper and Lower Egypt occurred often. During his reign in Upper Egypt, King Narmer defeated his enemies on the Delta an... | {
"title": "Upper and Lower Egypt",
"long_answer": "The two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were united c. 3000 BC, but each maintained its own regalia: the hedjet or White Crown for Upper Egypt and the deshret or Red Crown for Lower Egypt. Thus, the pharaohs were known as the rulers of the Two Lands, and wore the pschent, a double crown, each half representing sovereignty of one of the kingdoms. Ancient Egyptian tradition credited Menes, now believed to be the same as Narmer, as the king who united Upper and Lower Egypt. On the Narmer Palette the king is depicted wearing the Red Crown in one scene and the White crown in another, and thereby showing his rule over both Lands.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were united c. 3000 BC, but each maintained its own regalia: the hedjet or White Crown for Upper Egypt and the deshret or Red Crown for Lower Egypt. Thus, the pharaohs were known as the rulers of the Two Lands, and wore the pschent, a double crown, each half representing sovereignty of one of the kingdoms. Ancient Egyptian tradition credited Menes, now believed to be the same as Narmer, as the king who united Upper and Lower Egypt. On the Narmer Palette the king is depicted wearing the Red Crown in one",
"short_answers": [
"3000 BC",
"c. 3000 BC"
]
} |
where is the new football stadium in atlanta | [
"Mercedes-Benz Stadium"
] | [
{
"title": "Mercedes-Benz Stadium",
"text": "suites and exhibition area. In April 2012, Populous released a new price estimate of $947.7 million, which was significantly higher than the previous proposal of $700 million. In April 2012, \"The Atlanta Journal-Constitution\" reported that if a deal is reached,... | {
"title": "Mercedes-Benz Stadium",
"long_answer": "Mercedes-Benz Stadium is a multi-purpose retractable roof stadium located in Atlanta, Georgia. The home of the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL) and Atlanta United FC of Major League Soccer (MLS), it replaced the adjacent Georgia Dome, the Falcons' home stadium for a quarter century, from 1992 through 2016.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Mercedes-Benz Stadium is a multi-purpose retractable roof stadium located in Atlanta, Georgia. The home of the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL) and Atlanta United FC of Major League Soccer (MLS), it replaced the adjacent Georgia Dome, the Falcons' home stadium for a quarter century, from 1992 through 2016.",
"short_answers": [
"Mercedes-Benz Stadium"
]
} |
where do the sharks play in san jose | [
"the SAP Center",
"SAP Center",
"SAP Center at San Jose"
] | [
{
"title": "San Jose Sharks",
"text": "the Sharks' blue line, and on January 12, he played in his first game at HP Pavilion in over seven years. In the first round of the 2013 playoffs, the Sharks swept the Vancouver Canucks, their first series-sweep in franchise history. The Sharks would subsequently fall ... | {
"title": "San Jose Sharks",
"long_answer": "The San Jose Sharks are a professional ice hockey team based in San Jose, California. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The franchise is owned by San Jose Sports & Entertainment Enterprises. Beginning play in the 1991–92 season, the Sharks initially played their home games at the Cow Palace, before they moved to their present home, the SAP Center at San Jose in 1993. The SAP Center is known locally as the Shark Tank.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The San Jose Sharks are a professional ice hockey team based in San Jose, California. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The franchise is owned by San Jose Sports & Entertainment Enterprises. Beginning play in the 1991–92 season, the Sharks initially played their home games at the Cow Palace, before they moved to their present home, the SAP Center at San Jose in 1993. The SAP Center is known locally as the Shark Tank.",
"short_answers": [
"SAP Center at San Jose",
"the SAP Center"
]
} |
where are more than half your bones located | [
"the appendicular skeleton"
] | [
{
"title": "Irregular bone",
"text": "is the place in the human body where the most irregular bones can be found. There are, in all, 33 irregular bones found here. The irregular bones are: the vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal conc... | {
"title": "List of bones of the human skeleton",
"long_answer": "The skeleton of an adult human consists of 206 bones. It is composed of 301 bones at birth, which decreases to 94 bones in the axial skeleton (28 in the skull and 52 in the torso) and 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton (32 × 2 in the upper extremities including both arms and 31 × 2 in the lower extremities including both legs). Many small and variable supernumerary bones, such as some sesamoid bones, are not included in this count.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The skeleton of an adult human consists of 206 bones. It is composed of 301 bones at birth, which decreases to 94 bones in the axial skeleton (28 in the skull and 52 in the torso) and 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton (32 × 2 in the upper extremities including both arms and 31 × 2 in the lower extremities including both legs). Many small and variable supernumerary bones, such as some sesamoid bones, are not included in this count.",
"short_answers": [
"the appendicular skeleton"
]
} |
when does the champions league round of 16 start | [
"13 February"
] | [
{
"title": "2018–19 UEFA Champions League knockout phase",
"text": "are held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland). The draw for the round of 16 was held on 17 December 2018, 12:00 CET. The first legs will be played on 12, 13, 19 and 20 February, and the second legs will be played on 5, 6, 12 and 1... | {
"title": "2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase",
"long_answer": "The 2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase began on 13 February and will end on 26 May 2018 with the final at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kiev, Ukraine, to decide the champions of the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League. A total of 16 teams compete in the knockout phase.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The 2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase began on 13 February and will end on 26 May 2018 with the final at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kiev, Ukraine, to decide the champions of the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League. A total of 16 teams compete in the knockout phase.",
"short_answers": [
"13 February"
]
} |
who was defeated in the french and indian war | [
"the French",
"Wabanaki Confederacy",
"British",
"France"
] | [
{
"title": "John B. McClelland",
"text": "John B. McClelland John B. McClelland (1734–1782) was an officer in the American Revolutionary War. He was captured by American Indians during the Crawford Expedition and tortured to death at the Shawnee town of Wakatomika, which is currently located in Logan County... | {
"title": "French and Indian War",
"long_answer": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. France ceded to Great Britain its territory east of the Mississippi. It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans) to its ally Spain in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida. (Spain had ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for the return of Havana, Cuba.) France's colonial presence north of the Caribbean was reduced to the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, confirming Great Britain's position as the dominant colonial power in eastern North America.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. France ceded to Great Britain its territory east of the Mississippi. It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans) to its ally Spain in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida. (Spain had ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for the return of Havana, Cuba.) France's colonial presence north of the Caribbean was reduced to the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, confirming Great Britain's position as the dominant colonial power in eastern North America.",
"short_answers": [
"France"
]
} |
who dies in the beginning of deathly hallows part 1 | [
"Mad-Eye Moody",
"Hedwig"
] | [
{
"title": "Ministry of Magic",
"text": "\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\" and \"Part 2\", in which he is portrayed as being a Death Eater even before Scrimgeour's death; there is no mention of the Imperius Curse being used to secure his support. In \"Part 2\", Thicknesse is killed by Voldem... | {
"title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1",
"long_answer": "The Order of the Phoenix gather and escort Harry to safety, using Polyjuice Potion to create decoy Harrys for the trip. During their flight they all are ambushed by Death Eaters who kill Mad-Eye Moody and Hedwig, injure George Weasley, and knock out Hagrid. After arriving at the Burrow, Harry has a vision of the wand-maker Ollivander being tortured by Voldemort. The next day Scrimgeour arrives at the Burrow with Albus Dumbledore's will and distributes three items to Ron, Hermione, and Harry. Ron receives Dumbledore's Deluminator, Hermione receives a copy of The Tales of Beedle the Bard, and Harry receives the first Golden Snitch that he ever caught in a Quidditch match. Scrimgeour reveals that Harry was also bequeathed the Sword of Godric Gryffindor. The minister tells Harry that the sword was not Dumbledore's to bequeath, and in any case is missing.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Order of the Phoenix gather and escort Harry to safety, using Polyjuice Potion to create decoy Harrys for the trip. During their flight they all are ambushed by Death Eaters who kill Mad-Eye Moody and Hedwig, injure George Weasley, and knock out Hagrid. After arriving at the Burrow, Harry has a vision of the wand-maker Ollivander being tortured by Voldemort. The next day Scrimgeour arrives at the Burrow with Albus Dumbledore's will and distributes three items to Ron, Hermione, and Harry. Ron receives Dumbledore's Deluminator, Hermione receives a copy of The Tales of Beedle the Bard, and Harry receives",
"short_answers": [
"Hedwig",
"Mad-Eye Moody"
]
} |
who wrote the music phantom of the opera | [
"Andrew Lloyd Webber"
] | [
{
"title": "The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)",
"text": "to \"Phantom\", written by Lloyd Webber, Ben Elton, Frederick Forsyth and Glenn Slater, is called \"Love Never Dies\". It was loosely adapted from the 1999 novel \"The Phantom of Manhattan\", by Forsyth. Set in 1907 (a decade after the conclusio... | {
"title": "The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)",
"long_answer": "The Phantom of the Opera is a musical with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Charles Hart and Richard Stilgoe. Lloyd Webber and Stilgoe also wrote the musical's book together. Based on the French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux, its central plot revolves around a beautiful soprano, Christine Daaé, who becomes the obsession of a mysterious, disfigured musical genius living in the subterranean labyrinth beneath the Opera Populaire.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Phantom of the Opera is a musical with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Charles Hart and Richard Stilgoe. Lloyd Webber and Stilgoe also wrote the musical's book together. Based on the French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux, its central plot revolves around a beautiful soprano, Christine Daaé, who becomes the obsession of a mysterious, disfigured musical genius living in the subterranean labyrinth beneath the Opera Populaire.",
"short_answers": [
"Andrew Lloyd Webber"
]
} |
what is cost of first class mail stamp | [
"49 cents",
"47 cents",
".49"
] | [
{
"title": "History of United States postage rates",
"text": "service, officially ended May 1, 1977. By that time all domestic First Class Mail was being dispatched by the most expeditious means, surface or air, whether or not the Air Mail postage had been paid. Additional charges for Special delivery exist... | {
"title": "History of United States postage rates",
"long_answer": "On September 25, 2013, the USPS announced a 3 cent increase in the First Class postal rate, to be effective January 26, 2014, increasing the price of a stamp to 49 cents. Bulk mail, periodicals, and package service rates were also increased by 6 percent. A loss of US$5 billion during the 2013 fiscal year was the reason given for the increase.",
"chunked_long_answer": "On September 25, 2013, the USPS announced a 3 cent increase in the First Class postal rate, to be effective January 26, 2014, increasing the price of a stamp to 49 cents. Bulk mail, periodicals, and package service rates were also increased by 6 percent. A loss of US$5 billion during the 2013 fiscal year was the reason given for the increase.",
"short_answers": [
"49 cents"
]
} |
who represented the state of tennessee in the scopes trial | [
"William Jennings Bryan"
] | [
{
"title": "Scopes Trial",
"text": "Scopes Trial The Scopes Trial, formally known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was an American legal case in July 1925 in which a substitute high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating T... | {
"title": "Scopes Trial",
"long_answer": "Scopes was found guilty and fined $100 ($1395 in 2017), but the verdict was overturned on a technicality. The trial served its purpose of drawing intense national publicity, as national reporters flocked to Dayton to cover the big-name lawyers who had agreed to represent each side. William Jennings Bryan, three-time presidential candidate, argued for the prosecution, while Clarence Darrow, the famed defense attorney, spoke for Scopes. The trial publicized the Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy, which set Modernists, who said evolution was not inconsistent with religion, against Fundamentalists, who said the word of God as revealed in the Bible took priority over all human knowledge. The case was thus seen as both a theological contest and a trial on whether \"modern science\" should be taught in schools.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Scopes was found guilty and fined $100 ($1395 in 2017), but the verdict was overturned on a technicality. The trial served its purpose of drawing intense national publicity, as national reporters flocked to Dayton to cover the big-name lawyers who had agreed to represent each side. William Jennings Bryan, three-time presidential candidate, argued for the prosecution, while Clarence Darrow, the famed defense attorney, spoke for Scopes. The trial publicized the Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy, which set Modernists, who said evolution was not inconsistent with religion, against Fundamentalists, who said the word of God as revealed in the Bible took priority over all",
"short_answers": [
"William Jennings Bryan"
]
} |
when was the land rover defender first built | [
"1991",
"1983",
"in the 1980s"
] | [
{
"title": "Land Rover Defender",
"text": "by the colours of the British countryside where Defenders have long since become part of the landscape. In January 2018 Land Rover unveiled the Defender Works V8 as part of the Defender's 70th Anniversary. The 150 examples feature a naturally-aspirated 5.0-litre Ja... | {
"title": "Land Rover Defender",
"long_answer": "The Land Rover Defender (initially called the Land Rover Ninety and Land Rover One Ten) is a British four-wheel drive off-road vehicle developed in the 1980s from the original Land Rover Series which was launched at the Amsterdam Motor Show in April 1948. After a continuous run of 67 years production finally ended on 29 January 2016 when the last Land Rover Defender, H166 HUE, rolled off the production line at 09:22hrs GMT. A special edition Defender Works V8, with 400bhp, was announced in January 2018. Jaguar Land Rover announced their intention to launch a completely new Defender.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Land Rover Defender (initially called the Land Rover Ninety and Land Rover One Ten) is a British four-wheel drive off-road vehicle developed in the 1980s from the original Land Rover Series which was launched at the Amsterdam Motor Show in April 1948. After a continuous run of 67 years production finally ended on 29 January 2016 when the last Land Rover Defender, H166 HUE, rolled off the production line at 09:22hrs GMT. A special edition Defender Works V8, with 400bhp, was announced in January 2018. Jaguar Land Rover announced their intention to launch a completely new Defender.",
"short_answers": [
"in the 1980s"
]
} |
who played the wicked witch in wicked on broadway | [
"Rachel Kelly Tucker"
] | [
{
"title": "Mandy Gonzalez",
"text": "role of Nina in the show's Off-Broadway production and received a Drama Desk Award for her portrayal. Gonzalez had previously been offered the role of Elphaba on the first national tour of \"Wicked\", which she would have taken over from Shoshana Bean in January 2007; i... | {
"title": "Rachel Tucker",
"long_answer": "Rachel Kelly Tucker (born 29 May 1981) is a Northern Irish singer and actress who competed as one of the finalists in the BBC talent show-themed television series I'd Do Anything in 2008. She is perhaps best known for playing Elphaba in the hit musical Wicked in the West End, where she played the role longer than any other actress in the production's history, and on Broadway.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Rachel Kelly Tucker (born 29 May 1981) is a Northern Irish singer and actress who competed as one of the finalists in the BBC talent show-themed television series I'd Do Anything in 2008. She is perhaps best known for playing Elphaba in the hit musical Wicked in the West End, where she played the role longer than any other actress in the production's history, and on Broadway.",
"short_answers": [
"Rachel Kelly Tucker"
]
} |
when did this season of american idol start | [
"March 11, 2018"
] | [
{
"title": "StarTomorrow",
"text": "to \"American idol\", 92 bands competed in weekly head-to-head competition, and bands that won were then given the chance to compete in the competition's second round. The show finale was in November 2006 and was eventually won by award winning artist, Cindy Alexander. Ho... | {
"title": "American Idol",
"long_answer": "American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller, produced by FremantleMedia North America and 19 Entertainment, and distributed by FremantleMedia North America. It initially aired on Fox from June 11, 2002 to April 7, 2016 for 15 seasons. On March 11, 2018, the 16th season made its debut on ABC.",
"chunked_long_answer": "American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller, produced by FremantleMedia North America and 19 Entertainment, and distributed by FremantleMedia North America. It initially aired on Fox from June 11, 2002 to April 7, 2016 for 15 seasons. On March 11, 2018, the 16th season made its debut on ABC.",
"short_answers": [
"March 11, 2018"
]
} |
what type of artwork was created in the safavid empire | [
"architecture",
"metal",
"ceramics",
"gardens",
"book",
"glass"
] | [
{
"title": "Safavid art",
"text": "tradition that appeared in the 15th century); sprinkled with gold, following a Chinese custom; or painted with colours or gold. The style of illustrations varied greatly from one manuscript to another, according to the period and centre of production. Three centres were ac... | {
"title": "Safavid art",
"long_answer": "Safavid art is the art of the Persian Safavid dynasty from 1501 to 1722, in present-day Iran and Caucasia. It was a high point for the art of the book and architecture; and also including ceramics, metal, glass, and gardens. The arts of the Safavid period show a far more unitary development than in any other period of Iranian art. The Safavid Empire was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran. They ruled one of the greatest Persian empires, with artistic accomplishments, since the Muslim conquest of Persia.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Safavid art is the art of the Persian Safavid dynasty from 1501 to 1722, in present-day Iran and Caucasia. It was a high point for the art of the book and architecture; and also including ceramics, metal, glass, and gardens. The arts of the Safavid period show a far more unitary development than in any other period of Iranian art. The Safavid Empire was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran. They ruled one of the greatest Persian empires, with artistic accomplishments, since the Muslim conquest of Persia.",
"short_answers": [
"architecture",
"book",
"ceramics",
"gardens",
"glass",
"metal"
]
} |
who won the battle of britain in ww2 | [
"Britain",
"the United Kingdom",
"British"
] | [
{
"title": "Non-British personnel in the RAF during the Battle of Britain",
"text": "Zealander in the Battle was Air Vice Marshal Keith Park, a high scoring air ace in the First World War and a member of the RAF since its creation. He was Commander of No. 11 Group RAF, which was tasked with the defence of L... | {
"title": "Battle of Britain",
"long_answer": "The Battle of Britain marked the first major defeat of Hitler's military forces, with air superiority seen as the key to victory. Pre-war theories had led to exaggerated fears of strategic bombing, and UK public opinion was buoyed by coming through the ordeal. For the RAF, Fighter Command had achieved a great victory in successfully carrying out Sir Thomas Inskip's 1937 air policy of preventing the Germans from knocking Britain out of the war. Churchill concluded his famous 18 June 'Battle of Britain' speech in the House of Commons by referring to pilots and aircrew who fought the Battle: \"... if the British Empire and its Commonwealth lasts for a thousand years, men will still say, 'This was their finest hour.'\"",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Battle of Britain marked the first major defeat of Hitler's military forces, with air superiority seen as the key to victory. Pre-war theories had led to exaggerated fears of strategic bombing, and UK public opinion was buoyed by coming through the ordeal. For the RAF, Fighter Command had achieved a great victory in successfully carrying out Sir Thomas Inskip's 1937 air policy of preventing the Germans from knocking Britain out of the war. Churchill concluded his famous 18 June 'Battle of Britain' speech in the House of Commons by referring to pilots and aircrew who fought the Battle: \"... if the British Empire and its Commonwealth lasts for a thousand years, men will still say, 'This was their finest hour.'\"",
"short_answers": [
"Britain"
]
} |
what type of economic system was utilized in the soviet union | [
"communism",
"state ownership"
] | [
{
"title": "Soviet-type economic planning",
"text": "Soviet Union included a planning agency (Gosplan), an organization for allocating state supplies among the various organizations and enterprises in the economy (Gossnab), and enterprises which were engaged in the production and delivery of goods and servi... | {
"title": "Economy of the Soviet Union",
"long_answer": "The economy of the Soviet Union (Russian: экономика Советского Союза) was based on a system of state ownership of the means of production, collective farming, industrial manufacturing and centralized administrative planning. The economy was characterised by state control of investment, public ownership of industrial assets, macroeconomic stability, negligible unemployment and high job security.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The economy of the Soviet Union (Russian: экономика Советского Союза) was based on a system of state ownership of the means of production, collective farming, industrial manufacturing and centralized administrative planning. The economy was characterised by state control of investment, public ownership of industrial assets, macroeconomic stability, negligible unemployment and high job security.",
"short_answers": [
"state ownership"
]
} |
what is the function of a political action committee (pac) | [
"pools campaign contributions from members"
] | [
{
"title": "Political action committee",
"text": "finance experts have argued that this tactic is already illegal, since it would constitute a contribution in the name of another. The Center for Responsive Politics maintains a list of the largest PACs by election cycle on its website OpenSecrets.org. Their ... | {
"title": "Political action committee",
"long_answer": "In the United States and Canada, a political action committee (PAC) is a type of organization that pools campaign contributions from members and donates those funds to campaign for or against candidates, ballot initiatives, or legislation. The legal term PAC has been created in pursuit of campaign finance reform in the United States. This term is quite specific to all activities of campaign finance in the United States. Democracies of other countries use different terms for the units of campaign spending or spending on political competition (see political finance). At the U.S. federal level, an organization becomes a PAC when it receives or spends more than $1,000 for the purpose of influencing a federal election, and registers with the Federal Election Commission, according to the Federal Election Campaign Act as amended by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (also known as the McCain-Feingold Act). At the state level, an organization becomes a PAC according to the state's election laws.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In the United States and Canada, a political action committee (PAC) is a type of organization that pools campaign contributions from members and donates those funds to campaign for or against candidates, ballot initiatives, or legislation. The legal term PAC has been created in pursuit of campaign finance reform in the United States. This term is quite specific to all activities of campaign finance in the United States. Democracies of other countries use different terms for the units of campaign spending or spending on political competition (see political finance). At the U.S. federal level, an organization becomes a PAC when",
"short_answers": [
"pools campaign contributions from members"
]
} |
what river is associated with the city of rome | [
"The Tiber",
"Tiber"
] | [
{
"title": "Founding of Rome",
"text": "to the middle of the 8th century BC. According to the legend, Romulus plowed a furrow (\"sulcus\") around the hill in order to mark the boundary of his new city. There is no consensus on the etymology of the city's name. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) suggested Gre... | {
"title": "Tiber",
"long_answer": "The Tiber (/ˈtaɪbər/, Latin Tiberis, Italian Tevere, Italian pronunciation: [ˈteːvere]) is the third-longest river in Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing 406 kilometres (252 mi) through Tuscany, Umbria and Lazio, where it is joined by the river Aniene, to the Tyrrhenian Sea, between Ostia and Fiumicino. It drains a basin estimated at 17,375 square kilometres (6,709 sq mi). The river has achieved lasting fame as the main watercourse of the city of Rome, founded on its eastern banks.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Tiber (/ˈtaɪbər/, Latin Tiberis, Italian Tevere, Italian pronunciation: [ˈteːvere]) is the third-longest river in Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing 406 kilometres (252 mi) through Tuscany, Umbria and Lazio, where it is joined by the river Aniene, to the Tyrrhenian Sea, between Ostia and Fiumicino. It drains a basin estimated at 17,375 square kilometres (6,709 sq mi). The river has achieved lasting fame as the main watercourse of the city of Rome, founded on its eastern banks.",
"short_answers": [
"The Tiber",
"Tiber"
]
} |
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